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A NEW SURVEY

OF THE

WEST-INDIAS:

OR,
The Engliſh American his Travail by Seaand Land:-
CONTAINING
A Journal of Three thouſand and Three hundred
Miles within the main Landof AMERICA,

Wherein is ſet forth his Voyage from Spain to S* Fobn de Vihug;
and from thence to Xalapps, to Tlaxcalla, the City of Angels, and
forward to Mexico; With the deſcriprion of thar great City,
as it was in former times, and alſo at this preſent.

Likewiſe, his Journey from Mexico, through the Provinces of Guaxare,
Chiapa, Guatemala, Vera PaX, Truxillo, Comayagua ; with his
abode Twelve years about Guatemala, and'eſpecially in the
Indian-Towns of Hixco, Pinola, Peiapa, eAmatitlan:

Asalſo his ſtrange and wonderfull Conyerſion and Calling fromthoſe
remote Parts, ro his Native Counsxsr.

With his return through the Province of Nicaragua, and Coſta Rica,to
Necoja, Panama, Portobelo, (artagena, and Havana, with divers
Occurrents and Dangers that did befal in the faid Journey.

eA LS90;
A New and Exa& Diſcovery of the Spaniſh NAVIGATION
to thoſe Parts : And of their Dominions, Government, Religion, Forts,
Caſtles, Ports, Havens, Commodities, Faſhions, Behaviour of

Spaniards, Prieſts and Friers, Blackmores, Mulatto's, Meſtiſo's,
Indians ; and of their Feafts and Solemnities.

Witha Grammar, or ſome few Rudiments of the Indian Tongue,
caled POCONCHI, or POCOMAN, B

The SECOND EDIT 10N enlargedby the Author afies ; ;
C CEEDDUDESEGEEERIE SC

By the truc and painful endevours of Tuomas Gae x; Preacher of the
Word of God at Deal in the County of Kenr.

         

 

LONDON, Printed by E. (ores, and fold by FOHN- SWEETING
y N G
at the eLagel in Popes-head-alley, M. D C. L V.

 

 

 

 
eON

 
 

)co'cabbk.k)k
F KYFY

” ZBZ YZ%Y%Z - T
To His Excellency
Sr T. HOeMAS FAIRF AX Knight,

Y%%%T%YY% Z %Z%S Y%Z% Z%Z%S R

Lod FAIRF AX

CAMERON,

Captain.-. Generall of the Parliaments Army;and of
all cheir Forcesin E NG L A N D, and-. the
Dominion of W AL E S.

Mqy it pleaſc your ExczLtency,
: X He Divine Providence hatb bitherto ſo ordered

my life, that for the greateſt part thereof,, I
d bave lived(asit Were) in exile from my native
/& Countrey; which happ-ned, partly, by reaſon
R of my education in the Romiſh 'I{eligion, and

\ 6 that in forain; Univerſitizs; and partly, by .
my entrance _into Monaſtzcall orders. For tmlrz/e years  ſpace
of ,which time, 4 was wholly diſpoſed of in that part of Ametica
called New- Spam and the parts adjacent. M) difficult going
thitber,, being not permzttcd to .any, but .to, thoſe of the Spariſh

Nation;my long ſtay there; and lafily my._ 1eturning bome, not

3 ozly to my Countrey, but to tbe true knowledge aud free-profe ff on of
« the Goſpels purity, gave me reaſon 10 conceive, That theſe great
3 mercies were not appomted me by the Heawen! t Pon ers,to the end I
ſhould hury my Talent in the earth,or bids my light nnder a buſb?Il,

but that 1 ſbould impart Wbat 1 there ſaw and knew to the uſe
A3 alt

 
  

 

 
 

—= -ct——--ſſ-ſſ--;fſi;]ſiſpſi'lffl;ffifficatory E

and benefit of my Engliſh Countrey-men; And which the rathey.
1 beld my ſelf obliged unto,, becauſe in s manner zotbing hatb
been written of theſe Parts for theſe bundred years la$t paſt,
which is almoſt ever ſince the firſt Couqueſt thereof by the Spa-
niards, who are contented to loſe the bogour of that wealth and
felicity they bave there ſince purchaſed by their great endevours,
ſo they may enjoy the ſafety of retaining what they have former-
ly gotten in peace and ſecurity. 1n doing whereof,, T ſþall offer no
Colle&ions, but ſuch as ſhall. ariſe from mine own obſervations,,
which will as much differ from what formerly bath been hereupon
written, as the piciure of a perſon grown to mans efiate, from that
which was taken of bim when he was but aChilde , or the la]i
hand of the Painter, tothe fuſt orrough draught of the pifture.
I am told by others, that this may prove a moſt acceptable work ;
but 1 do tell my ſslf, that it will-proveboth lame and imperfe$,
and therefore had need to ſbelter my ſelf under the ſhadow of ſome
high prote&ion, which I bumbly pray your Excellency to afford
me ; nothing doubting, but as God hath lately made your Excellency
the bappy' in ſtrument, not only of ſaving my ſelf , but of many
numbers of godly and well affeed people inthis County of Kent,
( where now 1 refide by the. fawour of the Parliament) frem the
1mminent ruine and d:ſiruGion plotted againſt them by their moſt
zmplacable enemies ; ſothe ſame God whko hath led your Excellency
through ſo many difficulties towards the ſettlement of the peace of
this Kingdom, and reduSion of Iteland, will, after the perfeSting
thereof (which God of bis mercy haſten) dire& your Nobletboughts
to employ the Souldiery of this Kingdom upon ſuch juſt and honous
rable d: ſignes inthoſe parts of America, as their want of aGtjon
at bome may neither be a burden to themſelves nor the Kingdome.
To your Excellency therefore T offer 4 New=World, to bethe ſub-
je& of your future pains, valour, and piety, beſeeching your accep-
tance of this plain but fatthfull relation of mine, wherein your
Excellencz, and by you the Engliſh Nation ſpall ſee what wealth
and honor they hawe loſt by one of their narrow hearted Princes,
who liwing in peace and abounding in riches, did notwithſtanding
rejeft the offer of being firſt diſeoverer of America , and left it
unts Ferdinando of Arragon, who at the ſame time was wholly
taken up by the Warres, in gaining of the City and Kingdome of
Granada from the Moores ; being ſo impoveriſhed thereby, that
be was compelled to borrew with *ome difficulty a few Crowns of a

wery

 

 

 

 

 
S

__—x C Ets i _RadFhen.

as I A0S.

 The Fpiſtle Dedicarory.

 

veryvmehn man, to ſet forth Columbuſſs upon ſo glorious an expe-

dition.”  And yet, if time were cloſely followed at the beels, we are .

not ſo' far behind, but we might yet take 'him by the fore-top.

To which purpoſe our Plantations of the Barbadoes, St, Chri..

ſtophers, Mems, and the ret of the Caribe-Iflands, hawe not

only_advanced our journey the better part of the way ; but ſo

inured-our people to the Clime of the Indies, as they are the more

inabled thereby to undertake any enterpriſe upon the firm Land

with greater facility. Neither is the dijjiculty of the attempt fo

great, as ſome may imagine ; for I dare be bold to affirm it know-

ingly, That with the ſame pams and charge which they have been

at m planting one of thoſe petty Iſlands,they might have conquer'd

Jfo many great Cittes, and large Territories on the main Continent,
4 might wery well merit the title of a Kingdome. Oar Neighbours

the Hollanders may be our example in thu caſe ; who whilſt we

bave been driving a privvate Trade from Port to Port, of which

we are now likely to be deprived, have conquered (o much Land in

the Faſt 'and V Veſt-Indies, that zt may be ſaid of them, asof the

Spaniards, That the Sun never {ets upon cheir Dominion:,

And to meet with that obje&ion by the way, | hat the Spaniard

being/intituled ro:thoſe Countrics, it were both unlawſall

and againſt all conſcience to diſpollels himchereof, 7 anſwer,
that (the Popes donation excepted ) 1 know no title be hath but
force , which by the ſame title, and by a greater force may be
repelled. And to bring in the title of Ficſt.dilcovery, ro me it
feems as bittle reaſon, that the ſailing of a Spaniſh Ship upon the
couſt of India, ſbould intitle the King of Spain t0that Countrey,
as the ſayling of an Indianor Engliſh Ship upon the coaff of Spain,
ſhoald intitle either the Indians or Engliſh unto the Dominion
thereof. No queſtion but the juSt right or title tothoſe Countries
appertains to the Natives themſelves ; who if they ſhall willingly
and freely invite the Engliſh to their proteion, what title ſoever
they bave in them, no doubt bat they may legally transfer it or
communicate it to others, And to ſay that the inbumane butchery
which the Indians did formerly commit in ſacrificing of jo many
reaſonable Creatures totheir wicked Idols, was a ſufficient wars«
rant forthe Spaniards to diveit them of their Countrey ; The ſame
argument may by much better reaſon be enforced againſt the Spa«
niards themſelves, who have ſacrificed ſo many millions of Indians
to the Idolof their barbarous cruelty, that many populous Iſlands
. 4R

 
     

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The-Epiſtle Dedicatory. -

and large Territorities upon the main Continent, are thereby at
1bis day utterly uninbabited,, as Bartholomeo de las Caſas, the
Spanilh Biſbop of Guaxaca is New-Spain, bath by bis Writzngs
in Prant ſufficaently teftified. But to end all diſputes of this na-
ture ; ſencethat God hath given the earth to the ſons of Men to
inbabite ; and that there are many waſt Countries in thoſe
parts, not yet inbabited eitber by Spaniard or Indian, why ſbould

mmy Country-menthe Engliſh be debarred from making uſe of that,

whi b God jrom all beginning, no. queſtion, did ordain for the
benefit of mankinde ?

But I will. not mole$ your Excellency with any further argu-
ment hereupon ; ratber offering my ſelf, and all my weak endewours
( ſuch as they are ) t0. be employed herein for the good of my
Countrey ;, 1 beſeech Almighty Ged. to proſper your Excellegcy ,

Who am

The moſt devotedand humbleſt of

your Excellencies ſervants,

T bo. ſiGaZe.'

 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
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ſiſſctUpon this Worthy Work, of his moſt worthy Fricnd
ſſ the AUTHOUR,

EADER, behold preſented to thine eyc,
R_ Whatus Columbus off red long ago,
Of the New-World a new diſcoverie,
Which here our Authour doth fo clearly ſhow;
That he the ſtate which of theſe Parts would know,
Need not hereafter ſearch the plenreous ſtore
Of Hackiuit, Purchas and Ramuſeo,
' Or learn'd Acofta's writings to look o'ce ,

Which merit not the credit due from hence,

Thole being but reck'nings ofanother ſcore,

Buc theſe the fruits of ſeIf-experience :

Wherein our Authour uſerh not the ſence

Of thoſe ar home, who do theic judgmentrs leave,
And atter watdring far with vaſt ExPence,

See many things, which they do ne'r percerve ;
Laboriousare by ſtudy much at home

To know thoſe Parts, which they came lacely from,
Leile doth he uſeus as the Jate writ Books

Of journeys made intothe Lewart-States ;
Wherein when we do Pry with curious looks,
Of Greece and Troy to know the preſenr fares;
They rell us what Thucidides relates, '
What Strabo writes, what Homer crown'd with
What Authours more, who haye out-worn their
Befides what Plutarch and Polybins fayes :

So what they were, nor what they are, they ſing,
And ſhew their reading, not their rravailingſi.

But here our Authour neither doth us tel},

Or to usſhew one inchof Sca or Ground

3

b':z yes,
dates,

 
 

 

 

Tothe Reader. -

Unlefſe fach ats which in his rime befell,

Or what his eyes ſaw the Horizon bound :

He uttereth nought atall he heard by ſound,

He ſpeaks not ota City ora Streer,

But where himſclf hath often gone the round,
And meaſured o're with his induſtrious feer,
And yet ir muſt acknowledg'd be for true,

Since worthy Hawkzzs, and the famous Drake
Did firſt prelent unto the Englith view

This New-found-world, for great Eliza's ſake ;
Renowned Rawleigh twice did undertake

VVith labours grear, and dangers not a few,

A true diſcovery of thele Parts to make,

And thereot writ both what he ſaw and knew.
Bur asthe man whoin a Ship doth paſs

Our narrow Seas, the flowings ofcach tide,

The Ships courſe, ſoundings, turnings of the glas;
VVhat Land he makes on North or Southern fide,
He may impart : But who they be abide,

Or what Religion, Language, or what Nation
Poſle(s each Coaſt ; fince he hath never tride,
How can he make thereof a true Relation ?

$0 thoſe who have deſcrib'd theſe Parts before;
Of Trade, VVinds, Currents, Hurican's do tell,
Of Headlands, Harbours, trendings of the ſhore,
OfRocksand Iſſes : wherein they might as well
Talk of a Nuc, and only ſhew the ſhell;

The kernell neither tafted, touch'd nor ſeen

Had yet remain'd ; but that it ſo befell,

That theſe Relations to us made have been;
Differing as much from what before y*have heard,
As dotha Land-Map froma Seamans Card,

But how thele truths reveal'd to us ſhould bee,
VVhen nonebur Spaziards to thole parts may go ;
VVhich was eſtabliſh'd by ſevereDecree,

Leſt Forain people ſhould their ſecrets know 3
This Order yet to benegleQcd ſo,

As that our. Authour had permiſſion free,
VVhoſe Nation too they count their greateſt foc;}-
Seemeth almoſt amiracle to me, :

 

 

 
 

To the Reader.

Sure the preſcience of that power Divine,

Which fafely ro thoſe parts did him convey,

Did not tor noughthis conſtant heart incline

There twelve whole years fo paticntly ro ſtay :
That he cach thing exaQly mighe ſurvey,

Then him rerurn'd, nay more did turn to us,

And to himſhew'd of bliſs the perfe& way, '
Which of che reſt ſeems moſt miraculons.

For had the laſt of theſe not truly been,

Thele tair Relations we had never ſcen, *

Nor can think but this moſt uſefull Book

In rime ro come, may like ſome new-born Star,
Dire& ſuch wiſemen as therein will look,

And ſhew their way unto theſe Regions far,

And though we now lie ſunk in Civill war,

Yet you the worthy Patriots. of this Land, * _

Let not your hearts. be drowned in deſpair; -
And fo your future happineflſe withſtand.

For time will cotne you ſhall enjoy a Peace;

Bue then no longer you muſt joy in ſin,

When they no moreſhall raign, theſe Wars ſhall ceaſe;
And then' your after blifs ſhall ſoon begin.

The fiery trials which you now are in,

In ſtead of foes ſhall prove your beſt of friends,
And you from ſervile baſe affe&tion win,

To fit your hearts forhigh and Nobler ends :

Your Drums which us'd to beat their Martiall dance
Upon the banks of Garone, Seine, and Soane; -
VVhilſt you trode meaſures through the Realm of F rance;
Do now at home (Oh grief !) on both fides groan,
Asif they did your ill ſpile bloud bemoan;
VVhich longago with Richard, England's King,
VVhen he the holy VVar maintain'd alone,

Their dreadfull notes did through Judes ring.

Now ſhall the tawnie Indians quake for fear,

Their direfull march to beat when they do hear;
Your brave Red-Croſſes on both fides diſplay'd,
The noble Badges of your famous Nation,

VVhich you yet redder with your blouds have made,
And dyed them deep in drops of dereſtation,

 

You

 
 

_ To the Reader,
You ſhall again advance with repuration,
And on the borinds of utmoſt Weſtern ſhore
Shall chem tranſplant, and firmly.fix their ſtation,
Where Engliſh Colours. ne'r did fly. before.
Your well-built Ship, companions of the Sun,
As they were Chariots to, his fiery beams,
Which oft the Earths circumference have run,
And now lie moar'd in, Sewers, Treat,and Tems,
Shall plough the Ocean with their gilded Stems,
And in their hollow bottoms.you.convay
To Lands inrich'd with gold, with pearlsand gems,
But above all, where many thouſands ſtay
Of wronged Indians, whom,you; ſhall ſet free
From S pani[h yoke, and Rowes Idolatry.

All thisand more by you ſhall fare be done,
Yet I no Propher, nox noProphets.ſonne,

Thomas Ghalonkr.

 
 

 

 

 

OF' THE

NE
WEST-INDIES

 

Cuavp, I.
How Rome doth yearly wiſit the American and Aſian Kingdoms.

S H E policy, which for many years hath upheld the' erring

© Church of Rowe, hath clearly and manifeſtly been diſcovered
by the many Errors which in ſeverall times by ſandry Sy-
nods or Generall Councels, ( which commonly are but
Apes of the Popes fancy, will, pleaſure, and ambition) have
been enacted into that Church. And for ſuch purpoſes doth
that man of Sinne, and Antichriſtian tyrant, keep conſtantly
in Rome ſo many poor Penſionary Biſhops as hounds at his
table ſmelling out his ambitious thoughts, with whom he fils
the Synods,when he cals them, charging them neyer to leave off barking and wearying
out the reſt of the Prelates, untill chey have them all as a prey unto his proud and ambi-
tious deſignes; from which ifany of them dare to ſtart, not only. their Penſions (hall
be ſarely forfeited, bur their ſouls ſhall be curſed, and chey as Hereticks Anathemati-
zed with a Cenſtre of Excommunication /ate ſenxentie. Hence ſprung that Maſter-piece
of Policy, decreeing that the Pope alone ſhould be above the Generall Councell, leſt 0-
therwiſe one Mans pride might be curbed by many heads joyned rogether; And ſecondly,
thar Synodicall definition, thar the Pope cannot erre, that though the Councels power,
wiſdome and learning were all fifted into one mans brain; all points of faith ftrained
into one headand channell ; yet the people ſhonld nor ſtagger in any lawfull doubrs,
nor the learned ſort follow any more the'lighr of reaſon, or the ſunſhine of the Goſpel,
but all yielding to blind Obedience, and their moſt holy Fathers infallibility, in the
foggic and Cimmerian miſt ofignorance, might ſecure their ſouls from erring, or devia-
ting to the Scy/la or Carybdes of Schiſm and Hereſie. What judicions eye, that will
not be blinded with the napkin of ignorance, doth not caſily ſee that Policy only hath
been the chief Aor of thoſe /damnable Opinions of .Purgatory, Tranſubſtantiation,
Sacrifice though unblondy(as they term it) of the Maſs, Invocation of Saitits,their Cano=
nization or inftalling of Saints into the kingdom of heayen; Indulgences,auricular Con-
feſſion, with fatisfatory Penance,and many ſuch like:Al which doubtlels have been com-
manded as points of Faith, nor ſo much to ſave thoſe wretched ſouls, as to advance that
crackt-brain head in the conceits of his European wonderers, who long agoe were
eſpicd out by the Spirit of fohz wondring after the Beaft , worſhipping him for his
power,and faying, 7/ho 5 1ike wnto the Beaſt, who 1s able to make war with him? Rev,
13.3,4.T hus can policy inyent a Purgatory, that a Pope may be ſought from all parts of
Enrope, nay from Eaft and pyeſt-1ndid's, to deliver ſouls from that imaginary Fire
which never God creared, but he himſe|f hath fancied, thar'fo much gloty may be aſcri=
bed ro him, and his power wondered at, who can plunge into, rorments, condemn t9

burning,and when he lift, deliver our of fire. Much more would he be admited, and his
B coodnefle'

  

 
 

 

A 'J\Cew Sur-ctueyiof the Weſt-]ndies.

ſſgbbſiiſi&ſſſſe extolled, ifhe would deliver at once alt thoſe his Purgatory Priſoners with-
out the Simoniacall receiptof money./ Bur- policy can affordan infinite price and value
of afacrifice of the Mafle, to delude the ignorant- people, thatJ though they leave their
whole eſtates to enrich Cloyſters, and iat proud_Preictatcs and Abbots; yertthis is no-
thing, and comes far ſhort (being finire) to chat infinite Sacrifice, which only can and
muſt deliver their ſcorching, nay brayling fouls: And if this infinire Sacrifice be not
enough,(which will not be enough, Whe'reas Chrifts infinite farisfaction was not enough
inthe opinion of that erroneous Church) Policy will give yet power to a Pope, f divirie
affiaant, if money andrich bribes abound, to grant inch plenary Indulgences , whxſiu}
may upon one Saints day, or at ſuch a Saints Alrar, work thar ſoul, out , which
tyeth lurking and frying in the deepeſt pit of Purgatory. O who is like unto the
Beaſt? But will thoſe that wonder ar him, be alſo wondered at as workers of
wonders and miracles? -Policy will give power to a Pope to canonize ſuch , and
ſer them ar Gods right hand, fit to be prayedunto, and called upon as Judges of onr
necefiities, and Auditors ofour wants : But this honour muſt be given, after that the
whole Colledge of Cardinals have been clothed with new purple Robes, and Loads
of money brought to the Court of Rowe; Witreſſe thoſe many thouſand pounds,
which the City of Parcelona, and the whole Country of  Catalonia ſpent in the Canoni-
zing of Raimunds de Pennafort,a Dominijcan Fryer:Witneſſe at leaſt ten Millions, which

 

T have been credibly informed,that che Jeſuits ſpent for rhe canonizarion of their two- -

Twins, 1gxarins Lowola, and Franciſcus Xavier, whom they call the Eaft 12dia Apoſtle.
And itis not ſevenyears ago yet that it was my chance to trayail from Franbfordin Ger-
many as far as 2illain in company of oneFryer fohu Baptiſt a Franciſcan, whotold me,

That was the fourth time of his going to Rewe from Valentia inthe Kingdome of Arra-

04 in Spain about the Canonization 0f one 7ohn Capiſtrano of the ſame Order ; and that
beſides the great Almes which he had begged over many countries,” (and in that journey
went purpoſely to 1»ſparg to the Prince Leopoldo for cthxs_ Almes andLerters of commen-
dationto the Popeand Cardinals) he had ſpent of the City of YValencia only five-thou-
fſand Duckets, and yet was not his Saint-enthroned, as he deſired, in heayen;z- but Rill
money was wanting, and more demanded for the dignifying with a Saints title him, who
had lived a Mendicant and begging Fryer. Thus arethoſe blinded Nations brought by
Policy to run to Rowe with rich treaſures, and thus do they ſtrive who ſhall have mo#
Saints of their Gountry or Nation, though impoveriſhing themſelyes &- whilſt at Rome
Ambition and Policy ſay not,lt is enough, fit mates for the Horiteech his two daughters,,
crying, Gzve, give, Prov.30.15. Give, fay they, andthe rigid Penance juſtly to be impo-
ſed upon thee for thy fins moſt hainous, ſhall beextenuated and made eafie for thee.
Give, fay they,and thou ſhalt be diſpenied with to marry thy neareſt Kinfwoman or
Kinſman. It- would bea long ftory to infert here how the Popes Policy ſucks out of
England our gold and filver tor the authorizing of our Papiſts private Chambers and
Altars for the gaining of Indulgencesin them, and delivering of ſouls our of Purgatory,
when Maſſes are faid and heard arthem. Thus hath Romes policy blindedand deceived
many of the Ewropean Kingdomes ; and with the ſame greedineſſe gapes at Afia and
America. Who would not admire to ſee that at this day in America only, the Popes
authority and uſurped power is extended to as-many Countriesas all Zxrope contains,
whereinno Religion but meer blinde Obedience and ſubjeRtion to that Man of Sin is
known? And dayly may it more and more encreaſe, whereas the King of Spain gloryeth
to have received from the Pope power over thoſe Kingdomes far greater then any other
Princes of Ewrope have enjoyed from him. But the pity is, that what power theſe Princes
haye, they muſt acknowledge it from Roxe, having given their own power and firength
unto-the Beaſt,|Reved. 17.13. ſuffering themſelves.to be diveſted of any Eccleſiafticall
power over the Clergy, and unabled co tender any Oath of Supremacy and Allegiance to
their own and naturall tubje&s, only ſo far as his Holineſſe ſhall give. them power.
Which, Policy fince: the firſt conquett of the Weſt 1ndia's, and ambition to advance
the Popesname, harh granted to the Kings of Sparn, by aſpeciall title, .naming thoſe
Kingdomes, E1 Patrimonio Real, The Royall Patrimony ; upon this Condition, that
the King of Spaiz muſt maintain there the preaching of the Goſpell, Fryers, Prieſts and
Jeſuites to preach iit with all the erroneous Popiſh dofrines; which tend tothe advance-
ment ofthe Popes glory,power, and authority. So that what power he hath diveſted
himſelf of, and inveſted the Pope with ; what power other Princes are diveſted of, Mfd

the
W
" A New Survey of the Weſt-Indies, Z.

the King of Spaiz in his, Kingdomes of Exrope, from medlins in Eccleſiaſticall affaires,
or  with Eccleſiafticall men; Arch-Piſhops, Bithops, Pricfts, Jeluites, Monkes and
Fryers; that ſame power by way, of Royall Patrimony is conterred upon him in the
Tndia's only. And this only politickly to maintain their Popery;elſe never would it have
ſo much increaſed there;for poor Prieſtsand Mendicant Eryers would  never have had
means enough to beat the charges of ſending yeariy Flocks and Sholes of Fryers thi-
ther,neither to keep and maintain them there; neither would the coyerouſneſſe of the
Popes themſelyes have afforded our of their full and rich treaſures,means ſufficient for the
maintaining of ſo many thoufand Preachersas at this day are Preaching there, more Rome
and Antichriſts name, then the name of Chriſt and the truth of the Goſpel. - And policy
having thus opened way to thoſe American parts, the charges being thus .laid upon the
Crown of $paiz, and the honour ofa Royall Parrimony,with power over the Clergy thus
conferred upon the Kings of Spaiz; how doth the Pope yearly charge - the Catholick
King with troops of Jeſuites and Fryers to be conyeyed thither 2 Now- the Jeſnites (the
beſt ſcholars'of Romes policy,) ſeeing this to be thus ſetled between the Pope and the
King of $pain, for the increaſing of their Order, and to ſuppreſſe the increate of other
Religions there, have thought firſt ofa way of challengingall the 7Zada's to themſelyes;
alleaging that Francis Xavierins companion of 1gnatins Loiola was the firſt Preacher that
ever preached in the Egft Tadia's, and fo by right that they being of his profeſſion oughr
only to be ſent thither. Bur this their way being ſtopped by the oppoſition of all other
Religious Orders, eſpecially by the ſolicitation of one Fryer Diego Collsado, a Dominican,
as hereafter I will ſhew more largely. Now,ſecondly, their policy isto lean more_to the
Popes of Rome, then any other ofthoſe Orders, by a ſpeciall Vow which they make above
the three Vowes of other Orders, Poverty, Chaſtity, and Obedienceto their ſuperiors ;
towit, to be alwayes ready to go to preach when or whither ſoever the Pope ſhall ſenci
them, and to advance his name, defend his power in whac parts ſoever, maugre whatſoe-
ver danger, or oppoſition. Thus though the remotenefle of Aerica may diſcoura ge
other Orders from going thither to preach, and their freewill which is left unto them to.
make choice of ſo long and tediousa journey may retard their readineſſe, and the dangers
of the Barbarians unwillingneſſe to ſubmit to a Popes power, andadmit ofa_new Religi-
onas ſuperſtitious as their own, may affright them from hazarding their- lives among a
barbarous, rude, and idolatrous people; yer if all others fail, the Pope, and the Jeſu-
ites heing thus agreed, and the King of Spaiz bound by the new Royall Patrimony ,
Preachers. have not, nor ſhall ever be wanting in thoſe parts: And in ftead of the old
Jeſuites and Preachers grown in age,yearly are ſent thither Miflions (as they call them)
either of Voluntiers, Fryers mendicants, Prieſts or Monkes, or elſe of torced Jeſuites : All

 

K which entring once into the Liſt and Bond of.. Miſſionaries, muſt abide there, and be main-
N rained by the King of Spazy ten years. And whoſoever betore theren years expired, ſhall
6 deſire to ſee Spain again, or runagate-like ſhall return, may be conſtrained (if taken-1n
nl Spain) to return again to the 1adig's, as it happened whilſt I lived inthoſe parts, to one
ſY, Fryer Peter de Balcazara Dominican, who privily flying back to Spain, was the year
vel after ſhipped, and reſtored again to hus forced ſervice under the Pope of Rowe. And thus
ad ' doth policy openthe wayes to thoſe remote and forain parts. of America. Thus hath
yes policy wrought upon the Kings of Spain; and Jeſuiticall policy meering with Antichriſts
w, policy and Ambition, doth Ruxze yearly viſite her new nurſed Children, greeting that
is Infantile Church of Afaand America with troopes of meſſengers one after another; like
þ 7obs meſſengers, bringing under pretence of falvation, damnation and miſery to their poor
C and wretched ſouls.
&5 ;
th PT HT =_—_————_—_—_—_—_—_
all : :
5 Cuae., IL

Shewing that the Tndians wealth #ndera pretence of their Comverſion hath cor-
rupred the hearts of poor begging Fryers, with ſtrife, hatred and ambition.

IT isa moſt trueand certain ſaying, Odia Religionum ſunt acerbiſſima, hatred groun«
dedin points and differences of Religion (let me adde, if ambirion blow the fire to
that hatred) is the moſt bitter and uncapable of reconciliation. Nay, it..is an obſer=

B z vation

 
 

y of the Welſt-Indics.

_ vation worth nothing of ſome (ſee DoCor Day upon I Cor. 16. 9_) tharthe nearerany
are unto a conjun&tion in matrers of Religion, and ver- ſome difference retained,”the
deeper is the hatred; ashe obierves, a Jew hares a Chriſtian far WOſſ;C then hf:_f!oth a
Pagan, or a Turke;z a Papitt hatesa Proteſtane worſe then he dotha Jew, anda Forma-
{if haresa Puritan worſe then he doth a Papiſt. Noſuch hatred under beaven (faich he)
as that between a Formaliſt, anda Puritan, whereof our now Domeſtick and Civill Wars
may be a ſad and woefull experience. A truth which made Pa/ burſtourinto a Jamenta-
ble complaint, 1,Cor. 16. 9. ſaying, A great door and effettuall 15 opened unto me,” and there

adverſarits.

" ſiſiſiſſ\ffl as whcn the door of true Faith once is opened, then Adverſaries begin to
ſwarme andrage; fo in all points of falſeand faigre1Religion, where the entrance to
iris laid open, hatred and enmiry will a&t their -parrs. But much more if with ſuch
pretended Religion, Wealth and Ambition as counterfeir Ma.tes thruſt hard to enter
at the opened door, what ftrife, hatred, and envy do they kindle even in the hearts
of fach who havevowed poverty and the concempr of worldly wealth 2'I may adde
ro- what hath 'been' obſerved above, that no hatred 1scomparable to that which is. be-
tween a Jeſuiteanda Fryer, or any other of Royes religious Orders; And above all
yer, between a Jeſuite, and a Dominican. T he ambirion and pride of Jeſnires 15 in-
conſiftent ina Kingdome or Common-wealth with any ſuch asmay be equall ro'them
in Preaching, Counſell 'or Learning. Therefore firive they ſo much for the education
of Gentlemens Children in their Colledges; that by teaching the ſonnes, the love. of
the fathers arid mothers may be more eaſily gained:* and  their loye -and good will
thus gained, 'they may withall gaine to rhemlelves whatfoever praiſe, honour, glo-
ry may'be fit to be beſtowed upon any other Eccleſiaſticall Perſon. - Which Policy
and Ambition in them beins fo'parent and known toall che World, hath ftirredup in
all other Religions a hatred to them uncapable eyer of Reconcihation. - This:hath

- madethem all to conſpire againſt them, and to diſcover their unſarisfied covetouſneſſe
in beguiling the rich Widowes of what means harh been lefr them by their' deceaſed
hisbands, toere@ and þuild thoſe ftately Colledges beyond the Seas, the fight where-
of both outwardandinward-doth draw the'ignorant people.to reſort more-to their
Churches and preaching then' to''any  other. Thus whiles in Yenice they got the
favour of oneof the chief Senators' of that Common-wealth , they -politickly drew
him to make his'will according to theirwiltand pleaſure; leaving to hisſog afnd heire
no more then what they ſhould think fir'to afford him. But they appropriatingto them=
ſelves the chiefeſt part of the-young heires means, and with ſo proud a legacy think,
ing 40 overpower all orher Orders; were by them oppoſed fo, that the Will was called
for by the whole Stateand Senators of Vexice, fully examined, and they' commanded
ro reſtore to the heir the whole eftate as enjoyed by- his Father: Well did that wiſe
Senate conceive,' that as one 'Noble man had been cheated by them of his fortiines, {6
might they one by'one, 'and fo at fength the riches of Vexice might become @'treaſure
only for Jeſuites to maintain the pride atid poimpe of their glorious: fabricks.” *And
though thoſe vowed fervants to'the Pope obtained his Excommunication' againft the
whole Eſtate "of YVerice upon n6n-camplying with the aforefaid Will and' Teſtament 2
yer ſuch was the/preaching of all other  Prieſts and: Orders againft them?! that they
cauſed the State to flight the Excommunication, /and in lieu of making them heires of
the deceaſed Senators Eſtate, they ſhamefully baniſhed them' ont of Yeaice. | Thus alſo
have the Priefts and Fryers-0f 'Biſcaya in Spain prevailedagainſt the admitting of \Je=
ſuites into Sa-Sebaſtian, though by the favour of ſome they have in ſeverall' 6ccafions
obtained an houſe anderecteda Bellto ring and ſummon in the people to their pretended
Church and Colledge. Nay the very houſe wherein their Patron 1gnatins Lorola lived,
have they often ſeriouſly offered to. buy for a,Colledge; yet ſuch hath been the op-
polition of the Prieſts and Fryers of that Country , that. they have daſhed to nought
their often iterated endeyours to purchaſe thar which they eſteem their chiefeſt Relique.
But to.come nearer.to our own Country ,. what, a.combuſtion did this ftrite berween
Jeſuites and other Prietts of Eng1and caule among onr Papiſts tef years agoe , when
the Pope ſendinginto England Dottor Smith pretended Biſhop of Chalcedon to be the
Metropolitan heaCover all-che Clersy and/other 'Orders, how then was it to ſee the
Pnde of the Jeſiitesas inconfiſtent with anyone thar might oyerfway them, or gain
Morecredic thew themſclves? who never "left perſecuting the Biſhop, tifl by the
E TN ; Popes

A ffiwſis HrU

 
x A New Survey of the Weſt-]ndicg, 5

Popes Letcers they had bamſhed him out ot England. Which curtefie, the ſecular Priefts
A gaining yeta head over them with title of Archdeacon, Doctor Champney, have ever
lince Jought to repay home, by endevouring always to caſt them out of England,
(\ as perniciovs to the State of this Kingdome,” more then Eryers or any other ſort of
, Prefts; VWhich they have ſufficiently made known by diſcovering their coverouſnefle
in encroaching upon many Houſes and Farmes, enriching themtelyes, as namely /ar
Wiaifreds Will (1o termed by them) where they had- bought an Inne,, and ſpeedily
fell ro building there thar they mighr make ir'a Colledge for Jeſuirs to- entertain there
all Papifts comers and goersto rhar Well, and ſo might win to themſeyes rhe” hearts
of moſt of the Papiſts of the Land , who do yearly refort thither to' be waſhed and
healed upon any light occaſion either of Head-ach, Stomach-ach', Ague, want of
children, where they blindly phanſie a ſpeedy remedy for all maladies ,”or wants of
this World. | Thus haye the Priefts diſcovered further-our Engliſh Jeſuites coverouſ-
F neſſe in the building of the Sope-houſes-at Lambeth under the name of Mr. George Gage
their purſe-bearer, and fince projefing theMonopoly of Sope under Sir Richard We on,
if Sir Baſi! Brooke, and many others names, who were burt Agents and Traders with the
Jeſuires rich and mighty Stocke. Thus came out the- diſcovery of the Levelling 'of
Hils and Mounrains, cutting of rocksat Leige ir#the Low Countriesat 'the Colledge
of the Engliſh Jeſtites, a worke for Gardensand Orchards for their Novices recreation
and paſtime , which (as T have heard from their owne mouthes)' coſt 'them thirty
thouſand pound, which gift rhey ſqueezed out 'of one only Counteſſe of 'this Land.
Like to this may prove their Colledge at Gaynt, for which they have obtainedalready
a fair beginning of eight thouſand pounds from the Old Counteffe  of Shrewsbury,
and from the greateſt part of the Eitate of Mr. Sackefield, whom whiles they had himi
in their Colledges, they cheriſhed with their beſt dainties, and with hopes that one
day he ſhould be a Canonized Saint of their Religious Order: All theſe knaveries do
eventhoſe Prieſts ofthe ſame Popiſh Religion diſcover of them, and thereby endevour
ro make them odious. Andthough ofall, the Jeſuites be the moſt covetous, yer may
re- Tnotexcuſe the Secular Prieſts, Benedidtine Monks, and the' Fryers from' this damna-
r able ſinne; who alſo ftrive for wealthand means for their Doway, Paris and Lighee-
he Colledges, and loſe no opportunities ar the death of their Popiſh favorites for the
rei obraining a Legacy of one or two hundred Pounds, aſfuring them their ſoules ſhall be
ere the berter for their Maſſes: Thus do thoſe miſerable wretches in the very hear of their
zeal of ſouls ſeek to ſuppreſſe one another, and having yowed Poverty , yet. make
t they the Converſion of Ergiund the only obje&t of their Ambition: and unſatiable
* Covetouſnefſe. But aboveallis this envy and hatred found between Dominicans and
ed Jeſuits, for theſe owe unto theman old grudge, for thar when Tgnatins Loiola lived, his
ife DoGtrine de'Trinitates f'which he pretended was revealed' to him from heaven, for
F.-| . he was certainly p#tnche Age of Rudying at his Converſion) was queſtioned by the
& Dominicans, and#Hþ ey a Church Cenſure publickly and ſhamefully whifiped abour:
Kd their Cloiſters fofiÞnerrroneous principles. This affront done to their chief' Patron
the hath ſtirred up inthem anunreconcilable hatred rowards the Order of the Dominicans,
; and hath made them even crack their brains to oppoſe Thontas Aquinas his Do@rine.
How ſhamefully do thoſe ' two Orders indevour the deftruQtion ofeach other, bran-
X ding one another with, calumnies of hereſie, in the Oſiinions eſpecially de Conceptione
Marie, de libero Arbitrio, de Auxiliis ? And of the two, the Jeſuite is more bold and ob-
Rinate in malice and hatred. How didthey ſome twenty yeares agoe, all Spain over, a-
bout the Conception of Mary, ſtirre up the people againſt the Dominicans, in ſo much
4 that they were 1n the very ſtreets termed Hereticks, ſtones caſt at them, the King almoſt
: perfwaded to baniſh themour of all his Dominions, and they poor Fryers forced'ro
? ftand upon their guard in their Cloiſters in many Cities, efpecially in Sevill, Oſuna,
ſſ']ſi Antiquera and Cordova, to defend themſelves from the rude and furicus multirude. Much
K - like this was that publick conference and diſputation between Valentia the Jefuite and
Maſter 'Lenws the Dominican, before the Pope, concerning their altercation de Auxiliis
When the cunning Jefuite hoping tobrand with herefie the whole Order of Domini.
cans, had cauſed Auguſtines Workes to be fallly printed at Lions, with fuch-words
c which might directly oppoſe rhe Thortiſis Opinion; and had prevailed, had not Lemnes
begged of rhe Pope that the Originall Books of Auſtin might be broughr out of his Va-
tican Library, where was found the quite contrary words, to what the falſe Jeſuic;
B 3 - had

 

   
 

A New Survey of the Weſt-Indies,

had cauſed to be printed; he was forced to confefle his knavery,was harſhly reprehended,
and with the apprehenſion of that grear affront, the next night gave up-hisghoſt to his
father, the father of lies and falſhood. -

An other-reaſon of this mortall enmity between theſe. two Orders, is for that the
Jeſuites. ſurpaſſe- all others in ambition of honour, credit and eftimation,  whence
it is they cannot indure to behold the Dominicans to exceed them in'any preferment.
Now it is that by the Laws of 4rragon and the-Kingdome of Valencia, the Kings ot
Spain are tyed to have a Dominican Fryer for their Confeſſor or ghoſtly father ; which
could bur the Jeſuites obtain,,, how would they: then rule and-govern Span and the
Kings hearr2/But though they could neyeryet prevail toalter this eftabliſhed-law., yet
have they prevailed now lately fo that Antonis de Sotomayor the King of Spains Contet-
ſor-ſhould lie at reſt in the Court of Madrid, with a penfion and dry title only;
and that Florencia- that-grand Statift ſhould- be Confeſſor ro-the Count of Olivares, the
Royall Iſſue, the Queen, and ſhould hear the Kings confeſlions oftner ther-his chofen
and elected Confeſlor Sotomayor.. Secondly,” the Dominicansas firſt Authors of rhe In-
quiſition {which they provefrom their Martyr Peter of erona ) {till injoy the higheſt
places"of that Court, which'isa wofull ſight to the Jeſuites to ſee their: Religion af-
faires handled, their Church kept pure from whar they call hereſie by any but them-
ſelves- O had they ( as they have often ftrived for 1t)-in their hands the judicature
of that tribunall, how ſhould-all Dominicans, nayall ſorts of Prieſts but their own,
preſently by them be branded with herefie? Thirdly, in Romerhere is an other prefer-
ment ſucceilively due to Dominicans, from the time of Dominicur de Guzman founder
of-that Religion,to wit,to be Magiſter Sacri Palatii, the Popes Palace maſter, inſtituted to
this purpoſe, that about him there'may be ſome learned Divine ( for .commonly the
Popesare more Statiſts, and Canoniſts, rhen Divines) to read a dayly lecure ofDrvinity
to-ſuch; as will be inftruced therein, and to reſolve the Pope himſelfof wharſoever dif-
ficulr points in Divinity may be queſtioned. Thisis the Dominicans due with a_penſi-
onto maintain a Coach and ſervants within the Palace of St. Peter. Which the Jeſuices
haye oftenby favour and cunning Jeſuicicall trickes endevoured -to bereave the. Domi-
cans. of 5: but. proving labour in vain, they continue {till in their unplacable- enmity
and hatredagainſt them. And thus you ſee. the fountains of their ttrife ; which' as
herein 'Europe hath been well ſeen, ſo hath this contentious fire overpowered the'fire of
their zeal of ſouls in the Eaſt and Weſt-India's; and the wealth and riches-of thoſe
Countries, the ambition of honour in their Goſpell function hath more'powerfully
drawn them thither,then (what they pretend) the converſion of a- barbarous and idola-
trous nation.. This was well publiſhed to the yiew of the whole world by a -moſt infa-
mous libell which in the year 1626. Fryer Diego de Colliadoa miſlionary Fryer in Phillipi-
mas and- Fapanſet out of the unheard of paſſages and proceedings-ofthe Jeſuitesin thoſe
Eaſtern parts. 'At that time the Jeſuites pretended rhat miflion recgmſclves .only, and
petitioned the King of Spain, that only they mighr go thither tzhyxeach , having been
the-firſt  plantation of - Franciſews Xavier , and fince continuedoripeeſively by their
Prieſts. . To this purpoſe they remembred the King of the greavztharges he wasat in
ſending ſo manyFryers, and maintaining them there; all which ſhould be faved,might
they: only_have the ingreſſe into that Kingdome. All which, charges they offered
themſelyes to bear, and further. to bring up the Tndians in the true faith, to inftrutt
them and<civilizethem, to teach them all liberall ſciences, and to perfe& thems in mu-
ſickandall muſicallinftruments,and-in fencing, dancing, vaulting, painting and what-
ſoever elſe might make them a compleat, and civill people. But againſt all this: was ob-
jeced by Diego Colliado, that not zeal only and charity moyed them to this offer,but thair
ambition and coyetouſneſſe, which would ſoon be ſeen in their encroaching upon the
filly and'fimple Indians wealth.; bringing inftances of miany-thouſand pounds which
they.had-ſqueezed from the poor Barbarians-in the Iflands of Philippinas;  And that
their. entring into. Fapar was more to enrich themſelves, then to convert the Japonians
to Chriſtiamſme;;- that whenſoever they entred into the Kingdome they conveyed from
Manila whole ſhips ladenwith the richeſt commodities of rhoſe Iflands ; that their tra-
dingwas beyondall other Merchants trading , their/Bench-for exchange money farre
more accuſtomed then any other whether for China, for Japan, for Peru and Mexico 5
and that the Viceroy himfelf made uſe of none other, but theirs. That. to keep out:
allother orders-ont: of Zapar, they had ingratiated themſelves ſo far, under pretence

of

 

'_M
 

. A New Survey of the Weſt-Indics.

of rrading into the Emperors favour by gifts of Watches, Clocks, Dials: Lockes,
and Cabinets, and ſuch like\preſents of moſt curious and arcificiall Workmanfſhip, that
they had gort free acceſſe tohis Court, and counſelled himto beware of Fryers, which
cunningly crept into his Kingdome to preach a new law, perſwading him- by rigorous
-ſearch and inquiries to roor them out:thus politickly for their own ends hindering the
increaſe of Chriſtianiſme-by any means or inſtruments faye rhemſelves; and blindins
the Emperors eyes with their cunning inſinuarions, tharhe might not ſee in! them, whar
they defired he mighr diſcover in others, that they might "appear inſheep 5kins, and
orhers clothed with wolyes skins; and ſo the Fryers might have little heart-ro trade,
but enough to doto fave themſelves from the' ſtormy perſecution*, whiles they freely
-mighr enyoy the liberty of rich rrading;” This brand/upon theſe cunning foxes was
commanded ro be printed, thanks given- to Diego Colliado tor diſcovering to the Eftate
their crafty proceedings, with not a few tenents inaintained by them in Fapan even a-
gainſt rheir own Soveraigne ; a far Biſhoprick was offered to the Fryer,which he refur.
fing, commitſion was givenunto him for the raifing offorty Fryers out' of Spain, and
the conducting of them to the Iflands of Philippinas , and that it ſhould be free tor all
Prieſts and Fryers, as well as Jeſuires, to paſſe to thoſe partsfor the preaching of Chriſt,
-and theextending of Chriſtianiſme among the Heathens and Barbarians.* O-that this
-my diſcovery made to England of thoſe diflembling and falſe Prieſts| would make us
wiſe toknowand diſcover under the aſhes of rheir pretended Religion, the fire of ftrife
and contention which they kindle in Kingdomes; and to rake up that* covetouſneſſe,
which we may eaſily findin them; tending'ro the ruine of many fair eſtates, andto the
temporall and ſpirituall danger of this our fouriſhing Kingdome !

 

 

© l arnon K 00
Shewing the manner of the Miſions of Froers and Feſuites to tl/ct; Indiz's]

" A LL the Kingdomes of America, that have, been conquered by the Kings of Spain”

are divided as into ſeverall temporall governments, ſo into ſeverall ſpirituall ju-
riſditions, under thename of Provinces, belonging unto ſeverall religidus Orders,and
their Provincials. Theſe though 1o far diſtant from Europe, yet live- with a depen-
dency and ſubordination unto the Court of Reme / and are bound to ſend: thither «
ſtrict account and relation of what moſt remarkable paſſages and ſucceſſes happen
there, as alfo what want of Preachersthereisin every ſeverall Province. Which is t6
be performed in this manner. Every religious Order (except the- Fefuits and Domi=
nicans , whoſe Generall continueth rill death , unlefſe a Cardinals -cap/ be beſtowed
upon him ) maketh eleftion of one of the ſame order to. be the head Ruler ,-or (as
they callhim ) Generall over allthoſe of the ſame profeſtion every fixth year.The ſub-
jects unto this Generall which are diſperſed in Italy, Germany, Flanders, F. raice, Spain, Faſt
and Weſt-India's, are divided into ſundry Provinces, as in Spain thereis one Province'of
Andaluzia , another of Caftilia nueva,, new Caſtile , another of Caftilia vieia,, old
Caftile, another of Valencia, another of Arragon, of Murcia, of Catalonia; So
lkewiſe in America there is the Province of Mexico, of Mechoacan, of Guaxaca, of Chi-
apa and Guatemala, of Comayagua, Nicaragua and the like. Every. Province of theſe
hath a head named the Proyinciall, choſen bythe chicf of the Province every three
years; which eleQioniscalleda Provinciall Chapter, and the former a Generali Chap=
w ter,which alſois allotted to bein ſome chief City,” commonly in Ttaly, Frarkcez 'or Spain«
P When the Provinciall Chapter is kept,then by the conſent of all that meer in it isthere
£ one named by name of Procurator or Diffinitor', who is to goe in the name/of the
whole Province tothe nexteletion ofthe Generall, and there to demand-ſach things
F as his Province ſhall rhink fit, and to give anaccount of the ftate of the Province from

 

P whence heis ſent. Thus from the Weſt-India's are ſent Procurarors, who- commonly
C arethe belt prizes the Helland ſhips meet with; for thar they carry with them great
F wealth; and gifts to the Generals, to the Popes and Cardinals and Nobles in Spaing

; as bribes ro facilitate whatſoeyer juſt or unjuſt; right-or wrong they are to demand,
Among other buſineſles their charge is this; ro make known the great want of labo=
rers

 
 

A New Survey of the Weſt-Indies.

 

 

rers inthe aboundant and plenrifull harveſt of the India's ( though r Yrovi
demandPreachers from Spſi:zz*n, as 1 will ſhew: hereafter ) zfnd togdeſi(x?x :Hm]uln({)ſſ-:: CZSF
Z;:iſſi}tſſ Hdfc(;;ty young Prietts, who may be fit for any Indian language andro ſucceed the
The Order of the Province being read to the Generall, or his Generall Chaprer,then
areLetrers Patents granted unto this Procuraror from the Generall, namin bim his
Vicar Generall for fuch a Province, and declaring his ſufficiency and wort% 7 ar(sS
(chough- none ar all in him, asI have been witneſfſe of ſome) the great Ytix}:es he
hath caken inthe new planted Indian Church., and bow fit he hath been jll)lctdoed t]g
conveyto thoſe parts, a Mittion ofſach as ſhallvoluntarily offer thentſelves for cfſſxſſe ro-
_pagation_ of Chriſtianity amongit thoſe Barbarians. Then the tauny Indian Fr rerpbe
ing well ſet out with high Gommendations, aud fairly painted with flatterin glo ieſi-
preſents theſe his Patents: (and with them. peradventure a little wedge of Gc}gld agBſi)
of Pearles, ſome Rubies or Diamonds, a Cheſt of Cochipill, or Sugar, with ſome bo -
of curious Chocolatte, or ſome feather works of Mechoacan ſome ſmall fruits of ?E
great painsand {abour) to the Pope ; who: for his firit reward gives him his Toe a ld
Pantofle to kiſſe, ſeconding this ionour with @ joyfull countenance ro- behold an Z-
polile, judging him worthy of the beſt of the Indian wealth, and his ſoul peradvent
fit for thetitle ofa Saint ; This complacency in the gift and the giver }Freeds irr\xſſgre
diately a mozus proprics in his Holineſſe to grant a Bull with a fegre; of the P -
Commiſſary, , wherein this poor Mendicant Fryer is inabled to. runne 0 nOp;s
Cloiſters of his Profeflionin Spain,  to gather up; his thirty or | forty youn Vlfr 6 ht -
Who for their better encouragement are at ther firlt liſting by the IYoyes A%zhſſi'[c ſſer;ſi
ſolved aculpe & apena, from all ſinne, and from rheir Purgatory andPHell dug :
by a plenary Indulgence. And whoſoever ſhall oppoſe, or any way difcoura eth'mgo -
Commiſſary,or thoſe that are or would be liſted by him, are ipſo fatts exco%n crl OPCZ
with an Anathem reſerved only to this Commiſſary or his Holineſle himſctelf ()ſſlſig11 mctf p
to ſee, when ſuch a C_ommiſſaries coming is known, how the youns birds' tgſſ  s
Cagesare ſhut up withinthe wals of a Cloifter, leaprndcheriſh themſclves !ſſli':}z; FN
of h_bercy? Wþat isit to ſee diſordered Fryers, who for their miſdem e : pe;
leaping over their Clojſter walsin the nightto- finde out their watiton lf anl'Olus Ihſim-
been impriſoned, now rejoyce at the coming of a Popes Commiſa D ?icsſſl N
Indulgence, freeing them from fins paſt, and fitting them: for the Cogfe}t? : pſſf}nary
though their ownhe nor averted from-their Harlot, nor as yettruly and fxpz:g j9rs
verted to the love of Gad? True it is, I have known ſome dmy ha  Is
names, in theſiliſt of Indian Miſſionaries, men' of ſober life and conv:fi:ſſ' R
only witha blind zeal of encreaſing 'the- Popiſh Religion:' yet I dare ſawſi d 5m
dently print thistruch wichout wronging the-Chnrch. of Rome, that of hY e”
which inſuch. occaſions are commonly tranſported to the ctſm'ictſiz': th thſſy = S.
them areFryers of leud lives, weary of their retired Cloiſter lives A thſſg __
paniſhed often by their Superiours for their wiltull back-fliding from Yh(:. agzed_been
ZZS \g;e); hf:xmterlyc voaved & g\r for. the breach of their poverty in dbl?-.lyore:az%;:g
' by them to Card and Dice, of which fort I couldkere namey: i ct
and tedious, Catalogue; or laftly ſuch, who have been impri R es O0E
ſi : gue; ; fuch, w ſoned: for violating rhei
vow of chaſtity with leud and laſcivious women e'nhſſſiplfl { efC.
Cloiſter, or by publike Apoſtatizing from: thei © ?Iſſ C ANEIRS
Lay-mens Apparell, to-run abour the ſafer 'utl; [ Þ er,-and clo-chmg TN
N ICT B r,lu:ſſ tlicir wmked Concubines.* Of winch
o_ ſi with one. Fryer Fobn Nevarro a Franciſcan in
- hny em N Siper  a
ing at.laſt hemught: be diſcovercd, lifked hinſelf in's Miftion, 20 Ormomte) rhe nne
+ annns : emn P e72 ! u:t 2 Miftion- to Guateale, the year
mn m emn m el
0}{ Souls, it-is, thar: drawes ſscſſ), many Er%e::dzg;dhecgfmaglpftg: N C(}ſiverſiſioſi
:h:;ſieazmſicſizn;dmr_izn parts; where after they have lctearnZdſſſi-ſomZY;ZY 151211)2{;:
® Superiouſimoui I;?r:fgme ictl;:::%e to. live- alone'our of the fight- of a wa-cching,
fv?(js cdo }zjgepſigzuſe fxy themſelves; anſſcſſ{ ZQMZLZZT a?: fZaZfr ?ÞZ:Z% Y*:Z; _ Wſihl?ri-
ndevi : ' =Y 5: ' Spanifly Paracones, as: their
e thall teachtheny ta ſqueeze out ofthe nevily Converted:Indiuns wealch. This
kberty

 

 
 

 

 

 

PT -ſſ
—
wH A New Survey of the.W eſt-Indics,
ſſ'ſſſim_ liberty they could neyer injoy in Spaiz, and this liberty is the Midwife'of fo many foul
' r of fals of wicked Fryers in thoſe parts.  For the preſent I ſhall.rerurne again to my
dthe Eryer Fohn Navarro, whoat his coming to: Graremala, being made for his wit and lear..
D ning,Mafter-and Reader of Divinity, and much eſteemed of tor his actre Preaching, a-
er.then mong many others got the eftimation and love of a chief Gentlewoman 3 ( Broſemel oft
tim his imbutavecens, ſervabit odorem teſta din.) who continued in Navarrohis heart the former
! Parts, fent of the unchalt love of 4wary/zs, fo far that the Fryer being blinded: and wounded
ez he with Cxpids Arrow iticking in his hearr, ran headlong to quench his luftfall thirſt upon
el to St. 7ames his day,1635. for better memory ofthe Tragicaileyent ( being the Spaniards
the pre- common Advocate,and ſpeciall Patron ofthat Ciry,named St.?ago de Gaatemala,) where
'Yer be. cruell 2/zrs oppreſting /exzs in her wanton Ads, the injured husband atting Mars,and
<logies, finding Navarro Cupids page faluting his Yens upon her bed, drew his ſrord, cutting the
a Box Eryer firſt inthe head and face;who itrugling with death,and purchaſing his life with 4
 boxes ſwiſt and.nemble flight roa Garden, where his own brothera Fryer of the ſame Order
is of kis and Pander to that toul a&t, entertained the Motherleſſe children; for the husband having:,ct
Tox 1nd mifled his fatall blow ( willingly as ſome imagined, or unwillingly as others judged )
d an A- intheFryers hearr, wilfully Jaidit in the throat of his unchaſt Wite, ſearce leaving way
drenture for breath to make a ſpeedy Confeſlion of her finne to Navarro his Brother ; whoten-
$ imme- dring her foul, as much as his Brother had tendred her body, abſolved her from her
e Popes ſinne, finding fignes, though-no utterins ſpeech of Repentance, while the murderer
1 the fled, and the murthered lay inthe door of her houſe for a ſad obje& to all, thatimmes
reuchers diately flocked thither to ſee that bloudy Tragedy. The Wife being the fame day buried,
antyah- ct the Husband being retired to acloſe Sanctuary, Navarrowas carried to his Convent to
e0 be cured; and after his Cure was baniſhed that Country; whom two years after
it was my chance to meetin Cartagena returning to Spain with his ſeard face, bearing
the marke of his laſcivious-lite, and ofthat kiberty whichhe had injoyed in eAmerics.
Such arethe fruits of the zeal of rhoſe wretches, who upbraide our Church and Mini-
ſters for want ofzealto labour. inthe Conyerſion of Infidels. Who when they arrive
to thoſe parts, are entertained with ringing of Bels, with ſounding of Trumpets moſt
part of the way as they travail,and as Apottles are received by the 7z45ans, though ſoon
like 7-das they fall from their calling, and for pleaſure and covetouſneſle ſel] away
M Chriſt from their ſouls. Eng/azd may here learn to beware of ſuch Converters; who are
m daily by name of Miſfionaries ſent hither bythe Pope'to preach among us Popery ; bur
(ſſſhff" like Navarro come to feedand cheriſh their wanton luſts, as Icould give many inſtances;
Frat might I not be cenſured for long digreflions in mingling Enghſh Hiſtories with my Ame-
[- rican Travailes.
rIican
nored ,
conſ-
fory
5 E :
ſſw Cn a2, IV.
Llenct , f ; ;
_ Shewing t0 what Provinces of the Eaſt and Weſt-India's belonging to the Crows
l of Caſtilia are ſent Miſſions of Fryers aud Feſuites, And ſpecially of the
:ſſ Miſfiow ſent in the year 1625.
ter
5 IN all the Dominions ofthe King of Spaiz in America, there are two ſorts of Spaniards
i 4 more oppoſite one toanother rhen in Earope, the Spaniardis oppoſite to the French;
1 or tothe Hollander, or to the Portingall; to wit, they that are born in'any parts of
M- Spain and goethither,, and rhey that are borne there” of Spaniſh parents; whom the
Ar- Spaniards ro diftinguiſh them from themſelves, terme Criolio's ; fignifying the Natives
alf ofthat Gountry. This harred is ſo. great, thar 1 dare fay, nothing might be more
( advantagious then this, to any other Nation that wonld conquer America-  And: no-
" thing moreeaſily gained/then the wils and affeRtions of the Natives of the Country,
l ro joyne with any other Nation to free and reſcae themſelves from rhat ſubjection, or
E, kinde of flayery , which they fuffer under the hard uſage of the Spaniards, and their
g partiall Government andjuſtice roward them, -and thoſe that come from Spaiy. This

, is ſo grievous to the poor Criolio's or Natives, that my felf have often heard thens

- fay, They would rather be ſubje& to any other Prince; nay to the Hollanders;; then
| : ro

 
 

 

A New Survey of the Weſt-Indies,

to the Spaniards, if they thought they might, enjoy their Religion ; and others wiſh-
ing the Hollanders, when they rook Truxillio in Hondaras, had tayed in it and entred
further into the land,- they ſhould have been welcome to them ; and that the Religion
they enjoyed with ſo much flavery, was nothing ſweet unto them. This mortall ha-
tred. betwixt theſe two ſorts of Spaniards, made the Criolio's ſo ready to joyn againft
the Marqueſle of Getves Viceroy of Aexico, in the rumylt and mutiny of that City,
wherein they cleaving to Don Alonſo de Zerna , the Arch-biſhop cauſed the Viceroy to
eſcape for his life by flight, and would rhen have utterly rooted out the Spaniſh Go-
yernment, had not ſome Prieſts difſwaded them from it ; but of this I ſhall ſpeak more
largely hereafter. The cauſe of this deadly hatred hath proceeded from a jealouſie
which the Spariards have ever had of the Criolio's, that they would fain withdraw
themſelves firit from the commerce with $paiz, and ſecondly, from rhe Government
which is laid upon them; which is ſuch , that the Criolio's mutt be alwayes under ,
and a ſubje, alwayes governed, but ſcarce any a Governour. Never yet was there
ſeenany Criolio thade Viceroy of exico, or Pern; or Prefident of Guatemalz, or
Santafe, 'Or S. Domingo; or Governour of Tucacan, Cartagena, Havana ; or Alcalds
Mayor (as they call them ) of Soconnſco, Chiapa, San Salvader, and fuch like 'places
of credit. . So likewiſe in the Courts of Chancery , as $** Donzingo, HMexico, Guate-
mala, Lima, andthe reſt ; where commonly there are Six,” called Oydores and one Fi-
ſcal, ſcarce one of them to be found a Criolio, or native of the Country; though
there beamong them thoſe that deſcended of the chief Conquerors; asin Limaand Pe-
4 the Pizarros, in Mexico and Gnaxaca the houſe of the Marqueſſe Dell Yalle, Ferdi=
nando Cortes his Succeſfors, others of the houſe of Gizoz , others of the houſe of Alu-
arado, others of the Guſmanes , finally many of the chiefeſt houſes of Spain ; yet none of
theſe ever preferred to any dignity. Andnot only thus are they kept from offices, but
dayly affronted by the Spaniards as uncapable ofany Government, and termed half xs
dians by them: : H

,  Which generall contempt hath alſo ſpread it ſelfin the Church, where no-Criolio
Prieſt is ſcarce ever preferred to be a Biſhop, or Canon ina Cathedrall Church, but all
ſuch as come from S$paiz.So likewiſe in the religious orders they have many years indea-
vored to keep under and ſuppreſs ſuch as have been admitted to their orders of the natives
ofthe Country, leſt the number of them ſhould preyail againſt thoſe that are- brought
from Spain; they have been very nicein chooſing of them, and though they have been
forced to admit ofſome, yet ſtill the Provincials,the Priors, and:all Superiors have been
Spaniards born in Spain.Till now lately ſome Provinces have got the upper handand pre-
vailed againſt the Spanzards, and have fo filled their Cloiſters with Criolio's or natives,
that they have utterly refuſed to admit the ſupplies of Spayi/ Miflions which formerly
were ſent unto them, and till this day are ſent to others. In the Province of 2/exico there
are Dominicans, Franciſcans, Auguſtines, Carmelites, Mercenarians,and Jeſuites, whereof
the Jeſuites and Carmelites only to this day prevail againit Criolio's, bringing every two
or three years Miſfions from Spain. The laſt Miſſion that was ſent to the Mercenarians
was the year 1625. andthen was the oppoſition ſach berween that Miffion and the
Criolio's, thatin-the election of the next Provinciall in their Cloiſter of 2exico , rhe
Eryers drew knives one againſt another, and were like to kill each  other, had not the
Viceroy gone to their Cloiſter to make peace, and impriſon- ſome of them.  Yet at
laſtby the multitude of yoices he native party  prevailed, and till this day have ex-
empted themſelyes from Spaniſb Miſlions, alleadging (as others have: done). that they
have Fryers enough in their Cloiſters,and need none to be ſent_ them from Spain ; fub-
mitting themſelyes to the Pope, and preſenting to himas ſtately gifts as ever Spaniards
did before them. In the Province of Gzaxaca none admit.of Miflionaries from Spain 3
true it.is, the Dominicansare but newly ſubdued by the Criolian party ; andas/ yet are
ſrongly pleadm%at Rome for Spaniſh Fryers, alleadging that the glory and luſtre of
their Religion hath- been much - blurred fince the non-admittance of ſupplies of
their zealous Compatriots. The Province-of Guatemala, (which is of a large extent)
containing Guatemala, Chiapa, the Zoques, part of Tabaſco, the Zeldales, 'the Sacapu=
las, the Yera Paz, all the coaſt lying to the South ſea, Suehntepequesand Soconuſco,Comay=
421a, Honduras, S. Saluador,Nicaragna, hath in it theſe orders chiefly, Dominicans,
Pranmſcans,.Auguſh_nes, (who are ſubje& ro. Mexico beins one_poor Cloifter in G#a-
zemala) ]eſuites alſo in GuatemalaſubjeR to the goyenment of Mexicoand Mcrcen-.i\]rians;ſi

whereo

 
 

—\

Y y .
E A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies, T1
 Wiſh. ——— — R
entreg whereot the three orders- of Dominicans, Franciſcans; and Mercenarians , are the
flgion only Preachers and parifh Prieſts throughour all the torenamed Provinces. And theſe
all ba. _ threeOrders have ftill kept under the Criolian party, neyer as yer ſuffering any of them
againk to be Provinciall, bringing eyery twoor three years, lome one year and fome another ,
t City Miſtions of Eryers from $pain to maintain and keep up their fation againit the Crio-

lans.The Provinces of Pers being more dittant from Spain,and hard to come to by ſea,
have no Miſtions ſent unto them. Thereare of the moſt Romiſh religious orders, yet the
chiefare Dominicans;and they all live aboye their yow of poverty, aboundingin wealch;
rior, liberty and pleafures, In the Kingdome'of Nyevo reine. de G ranada, and Cartagens,
Santa fee, Barinas ,Pojayan, andthe government of St. Xartha, are Dominicans, Jeſuites;
Francifcans, Carmelites, Auguſtines and Mercenarians ; whereof the Dominicans; Jeſu-
ites and Franciſcans till this day admit of Miflions from $ 2ain. The Ifland of Caba, J4-
maica,la Margarita, Puerto rico, allare ſubje& to the head Provinciall of S,nto Domingo,
being Dominicans, Jeſuites, and Franciſcans; and have all now and rhen Miffions from
Spain. Tucatan hathinit only Franciſcans, who live moſt richly and plentifully, and
frrongly uphold the Spani/h faction with Exropeay Millions: Mechracay belongeth ro the

 

A1
ACatas

l, FE » . - 4
PR Mexican Fryers,and is inthe fame condition as was. faid before of Mexjco: Thus haye
" (ſſſſ'ſſ;(:ct' T briefly run over all Americathat pertainsto the Crown of Cafti/ia: for the Eft-Indig's
Dne F-

they belong to the Crown of Portingall and Braſil, as firſt diſcoveredand poſſeſſed by
the Porringalis, and'now doubtleſſe are ſubject ro King fohs, the new King of Portia-
Lall. Yet the Iflands of Philippizas areſubject to the King of Spaiz, and there are Do=
minicans,Franciſcans,Auguitines, and Jeſuites, all which lie fill in wait in Manila the

etropolitan City, tor ſome ſure ſhippingto 7apan, toconvert that Kingdome. And
though they. admir of ſome few Criolio's amiong them, eſpecially ſome of. their Con=
verts of Ching and Fapan; yet their chiefnumber and ſtrength is of Spaniſh Miſſio-
naries, who are more frequently conveyed thither then to the parts aforementioned
of America. Firſt they are ſent in the ſhips thar are bound for Nzewa E ſhana and Mex-

 

Criolo zco; andafter they- have reſted two or three months in Mexico, they are ſent to Aca-
but al p#lco,lying on the JZar del Zxr,there they are ſhippedin two great Caracks which year-
ndete ly goand come richly laden with China,7apan,and all Eaſt-India ware from Manilz to
atives Acapulcoto enrich Mexico with far greater riches then any- are ſent' by the North ſea
rought from Spain. The voyage from Acapzlco thither, is longer then from $p,zzto MMexico,
ie been andeaſieand pleaſant, thoughthe.returne is. far longer and moſt dangerous. The
e bee year of our Lord 1625. there were four Mifſions ſent ; the one of Franciſcans to. Tycg-
dpre 7an, the other of Mercenarians to ſexito, the other two of Dominicans, and Jeſuires
m to Phil;ppinas. At which timeit was my fortune to reſide among the Dominicans in
necly Xerezin Andaluzia: The Popes Commiſſary for that Miſſion was Eryer 24atheo de 1,
there : Villa, who having a Commillion for thirty, and having gathered ſome 24. of them
ereof about Caftiliaand Madrid, fent them by degrees well ſtored with mony to Cales,to take
_uu up aconvenient lodging for himſelfandrhe reſt of his crew ' till the time of the ſet-
ats ting forth of the 1ad;an Fleer., This Commiſſary named one Fryer Azntonio Calvo to be
1 the his ſubſtirute, and to viſite the Cloiſters of Andalzzia lying in his way ; namely Corde-

th wa, Sevill, St. Lucar, and Xerez,, to try if out of them he could make. up his compleat
R number of thirty, which was after fully compleated. - About the end of May came
" this worthy Calvo to Xerez,and inhis'Company one Antonio Melendez of the Colledge
6 of St. Gregory in Valladelid, with whom I had formerly near \acquainrance, This
o Lelendex, greatly rejoyced when he had found me; and being well ſtocked with 1ndian
h Patacones, the firſt night ofhis coming invited me to. his chamber to a ſtately ſupper.
" The good Xerez Sack which'was nor ſpared, ſet my friend in ſuch a: heat of zeal of

converting 74poxians, that all his talke 'was of thoſe parts never yet ſeen, andat leaft
fix thouſand leagues | diſtant.. - Bacchus metamorphoſed him from a Divine into an

of Orator, and madehima Cicero in;parts of Rhetoricall eloquence. Nothing was.omit-
of ted thatmight exhort meto, joyne with him inthat fundtion, which he rchought was

Apoſtolicall.  Nemo Prophera in patria ſ4a, wasa great argument with him; ſometimes
t) 7

he propounded Martyrdome -for the Goſpell ſake, and the glory after it, to have his
life and death: printed, and of poor Fryer Aztony a Clothiers ſon of Segovia to be
Ryled Sr. Az:ony by the Pope, and made collaterall with the Apolitles in heaven ; thuge
; did Bacchus make him ambitious of honour upon the carth, and preferment in hea-
ven. . But when he thought this Rhetorick had not prevailed, then would he ;(EZ a
ſi. Dzdes

 
 

12

A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies.

AMidas and Creſws, fancying the Tndia's paved with tiles of gold and filver, the ftones
to be Pearls, Rubies, and Diamonds, the rrees to be hung with clulters of Nutmegs
bigger then the cluſters of grapes of Canaay, the fields to be planted with Sugar-canes,
which ſhould fo fweeten the Choco/arte, thar it ſhould far exceed the milke and hony
of the Land of promiſe ; the ſilkes of Chiza he conceited ſo-common , that the
ſailes of the ſhips were nothing elle ; finally he dreamed of ;das 'happineſſe , that
whatſoever he touched ſhould be turned to gold : Thus did Xerez Neftar make my friend
and mortified Fryer, a_covetous worldling. And yet from a rich covetous Merchant
didit ſhape him toa Courtier in pleaſures; fancying the Philippinas to be the Edez,
where was all joy without tears, mirth without fadnefſe, laughing without forrow,
comfort withour grief, plenty without want, no not of Eves for Adams, exce pted only
that in it ſhould be no forbidden fruit, bur all lawfull for rhe taſte and fweerning of the
palate; and as Adays would have been as God, ſo conceited 2elendez himſelf a God
in that Eden ; whom travelling, 1#45ay Waites and Trumpets ſhould accompany ; and
to whom, entring into any Town, noſegaics ſhould be preſented, flowers and boughes
ſhould be trowedin his way, Arches ſhould be ereted to rideunder,Bels for joy ſhould.
be rung,and 7pdian knees for duty and homage,as toa God, ſhould be bowed ro the very
ground. From this inducingargument, and repreſentation of a Paradiſe, he fell into
aſtrong Rheroricall point of curioſity; finding out a tree of knowiedge, and a Philo-
ſophicall maxime, Omnis howo naturaliter ſcire deſiderat, man naturally inclinesto know
moreand more ; which knowledge he fancied could be no where more furniſhed with
rare-curiofities then in thoſe parts; for there ſhould the Gold and Silver, which here
are fingered,in their growthin the bowels of the earth be known ; there ſhould the
Pepper be known in its ſeaſon, the Nutmeg and Clove, the Cinnamon as a rine or bark
on atree; the faſhioning of the Sugar from a green growing Cane into a loaf; the
ſtrange ſhaping the Cocbixi/ from a worme to ſorich a Scarlet die ; the changing of the
Tinta which is but grafſe with ſtalke and leaves into- an 74igo black die,ſhould be taughe
and learned ; and without much' labour thus ſhould our ignorance be inftruted with
various and ſundry curiofities of knowledge and underſtanding. | Einally, rhough Xe-
rez liquor ( grapes bewitching tears) had put this bewitching eloquence into my Ax-
zontes brain ) yet he doubted not to preferte before it his wine of Ph;l;ppinas, grow-
ing on talland high trees of Coco, wherein-he longedto drink a Spaniſh Brindis 1n my
company toall his friends remaining behind in Spaiy. Who would not be moved by
theſe his arguments to follow him, and his Ca/vo, or ball pated Superiour > Thus ſup-
per being ended my 2/elendez defiredto know how-my heart ſtood affected to his jour-
ney ; and breaking out into a Yoto a Dios with his converting zeal, he ſwore he ſhould
have no quiet nights reſt untill he were fully fatisfied of my reſolution to accompany

him. And having learned the Poets expreſlion;,; 9x;d non mortalia peftora cogts, Auri ſa-

era fames ? he offered unto me halfe a dozen” of Spaniſh piſtols, afſuring me that I ſhonld
want nothing;and that the next morning Ca/vo ſhould furniſh me with whatſoever mo-
nies T needed,for to buy things neceſfary for the comfort of ſo long/and tedious a jour-
ney.To whom Fanſwered, ſuddain reſolutions might bring future griefand ſorrow, and
that T ſhoujd that night liedown and take counſell with my pillow, affuring him that
for his fake I would do much, and that if T refolvedto goe, my reſolution ſhould draw

on another friend-of mine, an Iriſh Fryer, named Thomas Delcon. Thus took I my.

lkeave of my Aelendez, and retired my felf to my Chamber and bed, which that nighr
wasno place of repoſe and reſt to me as formerly it had been.F muft needs ſay Melendez
his arguments, though moſt of them moyed me not ; yet the opportunity offered me
ro hide my ſelf from all ſight and knowledge of my deateſt friends, ſtirred up in me a
ferious thought of an angry and harſh letter, which not long before T had received out
of England ftrom-mine own father, fignifying unto me the diſpleaſure of moſt of my
friends and kindred, and his own grievous indignatiori_againft me, for that having
ſpent ſo much money intraining meup to learning, T had nor only utterly refuſed to
be of the Jeſnites Order (which was his only hopes) but had proved in my affeQtions
a deadly foeand enemy unto them. And that he would have thought his money better

;_?.ſpent, if T had been a_ Scullion. in a Colledge of Jefuites, then if T ſhould prove
w Generalt of the Order of Dominicans ; that T ſhould never thinke to be wel-

come t6 my Brothers nor kindred in E-gland, nor to him; that T ſhould not expe&t
ever more to hear from him, nor dare to- ſeehimifever Treturned to Ergland; bg
expe

 

 

A A A m A
 

A New Surveyof the W eft-Indies.
expedt that he would fet upon me.even/ Jeſuires, - whom I had deſerted and oppoſed,
to chaſe me out of my Country; that  Hazling houſe rhough he had loſt ic with much
more means for hisReligion during his life.; yer. with the conſent of my Eldeſt Bro-
ther (hnow Governourof Oxfozd and Maſſe-founder in that our Famous Univerſiry )
he would ſellic away;7that neicher from.the Eſtate, or money made of ir, I mighc
injoy a.childs-part dueunto me.,,,Theſe reaſons ſtole thar nights reſt from my body,
andleep from my eyes, tears keeping them uncloſedand open, left Cynthia's blackand
mourning Mantle ſhonld offer ro coyer,cloſe a.nd ſhut them. -To this Lerters:conſfidera-
tion was joyneda ftrong oppoBrion,which ſerious Studies and ripeneſle of Learning,wirh
a carefull diſcuſtion of {ome Schoole-points. and Controyerſies had bred in me again{t
ſomechiefofthe Popiſh Teners. Well could I have withed to havecome-to England,
there tofatisfie and/eaſemy troubled Conſcience;, well conſidered I, that if I ſtayed in
Spain, when my Studieswere compleatly finiſhed , the Dominicans wich a Popes Man-
damus wouldfend me.home for a Miſlionary to my; Country. Bur then well.confidered T
the ſight of a wrathfull Father, the power ot a furious Brother a Colonel, who (as now
landedin Exgiand toſearch me out, and do me miſchief) then,when Zephryus witha plea-
fant gale ſeconded his Popiſh zeal,, might yiolently aſſault me., ., Well conſidered I the
increaſedrout and rable of both rheir grear friends, the Jeſuites,. who what with Courr
friends -power, whatwith ſubtile plots and Policies would ſoon and ealily hunt-me ovr

 

toknow of Eng/and.  Laſtly, well confidered.I my ,. 2elendez' his laft inducing Argument of
d with theincreaſe of knowledge naturall by the infight of rich Americaand flouriſhing A/za,;
( here and ofknowledge ſpirituall by along contemplation ofthat new planted Church, and
0uld the of thoſe, Church Planters lives and Converfations.:.; Wherefore after a whole nights
» 0r hatk ſrife andinward debate, as the glorious Planer began to baniſh nights diſmall horror,,

riſing with a bright and cheerfull countenance, roſe in my minde a firmeand ſertled re-
folutionto viſit ' America, and theretoabide till fuch time as Death ſhould ſurpriſe my
angry. Father, Ionatios Loiola his devoted-Mecaenctasſſ? and tillI might there-gain out. of
Porofs ox Sacatecas treaſure that might Counterpoile that:, Childs part which for de-
teſting the four-cornered Cap, and .black .Coar.,of Jeſuites, my Father had deprived
me of;/,/$0/in recompence of the Sypper which my.friend Anchony had beſtowed up-

 

vgh 1.

Lrv{\: on me, Igave him amoſt pleaſant breakfaft by diſcovering unro him my purpoſe and
;A my reſolution-to accompany him in his longand Nayall Journey. Andat noon Ifeaſted him
wel by witha dinner of one difh more then his breakfaſt, to. wit; the company alfo of my
bos (: Iriſh friend 7 howas De leon. After dinner we both wete preſented to Calvothe bald pate
agk Superiour ; who immediately imbraced us, promiſed to us many curteſies in the way,
hſſfiul F rteaduntous a Memorandum of what dainties he had providedforus, what varieties of

fiſh and fleſh: how many Sheep, how many Gammons of Bacon, how many far Hens,,
how many Hogs, how many barrels of white Bisket, how many Jars of wine of Caſal-
1, 'what ftore of Rice, Figs, Olives, Capars, Rayſins, Lemmons, ſweet and ſowre
Oranges, Pomgranets,”Comfits, Preſerves, Conſetyes: andall ſorts 'of Portingall ſvreet.
meates ; he flartered us that he would make-us. Maſters of Arts, and of Divinity in 2Z,-
zila; then opened he his purſe, and freely gave usto ſpend that dayin Xerez, and to
buy what moſt we had-a tind to, and. to carry, us to Cylesr; Laftly he opened his
handsto beſtowupon.us the holy Fathers Benediction, that no miſchief might, befall
usin-our way.; I expected ſome Relique, or nail of his great toe, or one of his yelvet
Pantofles to kifſe;Bue peradventure with frequent kiſſing through 7taty and all Caftilia
it was-even wornthredbare. Much were wefrowned at by the Dominicans our chiefeft
friends of Xerez,but the liberty which with4elendez. we enjoyed that day about the Ciry
of Xerez took fromusall fad thoughts, which ſo ſuddain a departure from, our friends
mighthave cauſedin.us.  And Calzo .much fearing that the love of fome Nuns ( too
powertull with Spaniſh Fryers ) might yer keep ts back from- purſuing our purpoſed
Journey,: with cunning: policy perfwaded-us to depart from Xerez, the next morning.
Which willingly we performed 1n company of A7elendez and another Spaniſh Fryer
of that City (leaving our Cheſts and Books to Calvo to ſendafter us.) and that day

 

is we travailed like;Spaniſh; Dons upon ,our little Boricoes,. or Aſſes rowards Pwerto de
- Santa Maria,takingin our waythar ſtately Convent of Carr»ſans, and the River of
E Gxzdalerbe, the former-Poets River of oblivion, taſting of the fruits of thoſe. # lyſeam.
fieldsand Gardens anddrinking of Guadalethes Cryſtall ſtreams, that ſo, perpetuall ob-
E livion mighs-blind and: cover. all thoſe Abſtractivcc Species which rhe-intuitive kffiw-ſi.

eage

 
 

d New Survyy of the W eſt-Indies,

ledge of Spains and Xerezes pleafant objects had' deeply ftamped in our thoughts and
hearts. At evening we came to that Pzerto ſo famous for harbouring Spazys chiet Gallies,
and ar that time Dex Frederique de Toledo; who heating of the arrivall of four Hnd;air
Apoſtles, would not loſe that occaſion of ſome- Soul-fanctification” (which hethought
mighr be his purchaſe) by entertaining us that night ar Supper. The Town thoughe their
ftreets bleſſed with our walking in them, and wiſhed they might injoy ſome Reliques from
us, whom they beheld as appointed to Martyrdome, for Chrift and Antichriſt fake toge-
ther;ch& Galley ſlaves ftrived who ſhould ſound their Waits andTrumpetrs moſt joyfully,
Don Frederique ſpared no coft inFiſh and Fleſh that nighr, 'doubring not but that recei=
ving four Prophets, he ſhould receivea fourfold reward hereafter. 'Supper being ended,
we were by Den Frederique his Gentlemen conveyed to the Cloifter of -the Minimrap-
pointed by Doz Freder5que to lodge us that night,who to ſhew their brotherly tove waſh-
ed our feet, and ſo recommended us to quiet and peaceable reſt. Thenext morning after
a ſtately breakfaft beſtowed uponus by thoſe poor Mendicant Fryers, 'a boat was- pre-
pared for us and Don Frederique his Gentlemen to'wait on us, and to convey us t0Ca/ez.
Where we found out our fellow Apoſtles, and the Popes Commiſſary Fryer Afatthew te
1a Villa,who welcomed us with Romes Indulgences,a c4pa & 4 pena,and with'a flouriſhing
Table ftored with Fiſh and Fleſh for *dinner. There we continued 'in'dayly” hononr and
eſtimation, enjoying the ſights moſt pleaſant which' Ca/esboth by-Sea'and Land-could
afford unto us, untill the time of the Fleets departing. Whichwhen it -drew»near,-our
grand Apoſtle Fryer Matthew de 14 Yilla, (whom we thought burned with”zeal 'of
Martyrdome) took his leave of us; ſhewing us the Popes Commiltion to/nominateiin his
place whom he lift, and naming bald Ca/vofor Superiour, retnraing himſelf th Madrin
with more deſire to enjoy a Biſhoprickin S$pain (as weunderſtood): then to facrifice his
lfein 74pan. His departure cauſeda mutiny amongft us, and cooled the ſpirit of: two of
our Miſfionaries, who privily fled from us. The reſt were pleaſedwith-honeft” Catvs, for
that he was a ſimple and ignorant old man;,(whom they could more jeer thenany:way re-
ſpe&) more Scullion-like in dayly greazing hiswhite habit with handling his far Gam=
mons of Bacon, then like a Popes Commiſlary ;' for his MaſtersToe the proudeft of our
Miſfioners then would willingly have kifſed ; yet'/Catvoes greafie fiſts the humbleſtwould
{oath to have kiſſed. Thus under a floven was that ApoſtolicallMiflion to be.conveyed
firſt to exzco three thouſand Spani/b Leagues from Spary,and afterwards three thou-
fand Leagues further from thence to 2/anz/athe Metropolitan and Court City of the
Iflands of Philippinas. |

 

 

Cun:ar.iV.o

Of the Tndian Fleer that depactrtea'ſſfrom Cales, Anno Dom.-1625+ 44 of ſome
remarkable paſſages in that Voiage,

L] Ponthe firſt of 7={y in the afternoon, Dox Carlos'de Yharra Admirali of the Galeons /
thar then'lay in the Bay of Caes gave order that a warning Peece ſhould beſhor'off
to warn all Paſſengers, Souldiers, and Mariners to betake themſelyes the 'next morning
to their Ships. O what was it to ſee ſome of our Apoſtolicall company who hadinjoyed
much liberty for a monethin Cates, who had beganto entangle their hearts with ſome
young Nuns love, now hang down their heads, and a& with fad and demure looks
loath to depart,and cry out, Bouwm ft nos hic eſſe;It is good for us tobehere? and amongſt
them one Fryer ?ohy De Pacheco made the warning Peece to bea warning to him'to hide
himſelf (who could no more befound amonsſt his fellow Miſlioners) thinking it a part
of hard cruelty to forſake a young Franciſcan Nun to whom he had engaged and whol-
ly devoted his heart. What was it to ſee others with weeping eyes piercing through the l
Iron-grates the tender Virgins hearts,leaving and bequeathing unto them fome pledges
of their wanton love, and receiving from them ſome Cordials againft Sea-ſicknefle,
Caps, Shirts and Handkerchiefs, toeye them or wear them when e/£0lus or:Neprane »
ſhould moſt oppoſe them? The ſecond of 7aly in the morning early noticewasgiven
unto us, that oneFryer Pablo de Londres, an” old crab-fac'd Bn gliſh Fryer living 'in |
St. Lcar had got the Duke of 27e4jna his letter andſent it to the Governour: of Cates
J charging

 
 

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charging him toſeek tor meandro ftay me”, fignifying the King of Spains will and plea-
fure, that no Exg/iſh {hould paſſe to the 1ndia's, having a Country of their own to cor-
vert ; this did thar 6id Fryer ro ftop my paſſage, having betore wrote unto me many let-
rers 0 the ſame purpoſe,and got a letter from thar father 21aſter that was in England be-
fore with the Count of Gondomar, alias Fryer Diego de 1a Flnexte, then Provinciall of
Caſtilia, and ſent it unto me, wherein thar Superiour - offered me many kinde offers
of preferment,, if I would defift from my journey, and to return' to- him to Caſtilia:
but none of theſe letters could-prevail- with me 3 nor the Goyernours ſearchins
ſkop me; for immedarely Iwas conveyedalone to our ſhip, andthere cloſely -hid in
a barrell that was empried of Biſquet 'to that purpoſe; ſo that when-the Governour
camea ſhip-board to enquire for an Engliſh man, Fryer Calvo havingthe father of liers
in my ſtead about him, reſolutely denyed 'me;, who - would noc be- found ; becauſe
not {ought for ina barrels belly. This found our A poſtles ſport and talkethat firſt day.
Thenweat out the ſhips one by one crying, .4 divs,..A dios, and the Town replying
Buen viaie, buen viaie; when all were out and no hopes of enjoying tmore Cales plea-
ſures and liberty, then began my youns Fryers to with the_mſejves againa Land; fome
began preſently to feed the Fiſhes with their Nuns fweet dainties ;- others to 'wonder at
the number of ſarely ſhips, which with eight Galeons that went to convey us beyond
the Iſlands of Canaria were forty, one in all; ſomefor onePort of the Tndzaes , and
ſome for another. To Prerro Rico went that year twoſhips; to Sjo Domingo three,
to Fawaica two, to Aargarita one, 'to the Hyvang two, to Carragena three;; to
Campeche two, to Honduras and Truxill two,and to St. Zohn de-Vihua,ot Vera Crux fix-
teen; all laden with- Wines, Figs; Raiſins, Olives, Oyle, Cloth, Carſies, Linnen,
Iron and quick-filver for the Mines, to fetch ont the pure ſilver of S/carecas from the
earthen droſſe from whenceir is digged. The perſons of moſt note that-went-that year
was firſt the Marqueſle dz Serralva with his Lady; who went for Viceroy'of Mexico,
in ftead of the Conde 'de Gelves: then' retired to a Cloiſter for fear of the common
people, who the year before had mutined againſt him 3 this Marqueſſe went in the ſhi

called St. Andrew, and with him in the'fime ſhip went Don Xartinde Carrillo a Prieſt;and
Inquiſitor of the Inquiſition of /z/zd6l;d ; who was ſent for Viſiter Generall to Mexi-
co, to examine the itrife between the Conde 'd+ Gelves and the Arch-biſhop, and/ the
mutiny that for their ſakes had happened : with full Commiſlion and Authority to-im-
priſon, baniſh, hang and execute all Delinquents. In the ſhip called 'Sayra Gertridgs
went, Don Fon Nino de Toledo, who was ſent to be Prefident of Ianila iti Philippayas,,
and 1nthe fame ſhip with him went the whole Miſſion of thirty Jeſuites-ſent to Philip=
3inas ; who had already gor the favour of the Preſident, and politickly ſoughr to
be paſſengersin the ſame ſhip, that ſo they might the more ingratiate theinſelyes-to
him ; for this cunning generation flndies purpoſely howto inftnuate themſelves/ with

Kings,Princes, Great men,Rulers and Commanders. Tn the ſhip calledSt.. Aprony went

my Dominican Miſfion of 27 Fryers.In the ſhip called Ngtra Senyorade Regla went: four

eight Galeons for fear of Tarkes and Hollanders (whom the Spaniſh Donsth
ble ar) ſer forward our Fleet with a pleaſant and proſperous gale,with a quiet and milken
ſea, untillwe came to the Golfe,called Golfo de Yegnas,or of kicking Marer,whoſe waves
and ſwelling ſurges didfo kick oar ſhips, that we thonght they would have kicked
our St. Axthonies gilded image out of our ſh(iip, and bereaved my* Anronio Melendex, of
his gilt and. painted idol, ( to whom he dayly bowed and prayed-againft the mer-
cilel%e element ) and that allour ſhips galleries would have been torn from us with the
ſpurnings and blowes of that outragious Golfe. But at laſt having 'overcome the
danger of this Golfe, the eight Galeons took their leave of us, and left our Merchane
ſhips now to ſhift for themſelyes. - The departure of theſe Galeons was moſt ſolemnly
performed on each {ide, ſaluting each other with their Ordinance, viſiting each other
with their,Cock-boats, the Admirall of the Fleet feaſting with a ſately dinner in his
ſhip, the Admirall ofthe Galeons; and the like performing moſt of the other ſhips to
the ſeyerall Golonels and Captains and other their albed 'friends that were of the
Royall Fleet. Hereit was worth noting to hear the ſighes of many of our 1nd;as Apo-
ſtles, wiſhing they might return again in any ofthoſe Galeons to Spain ; their zeal was
now cold, and ſome endevoured many wayes for Calv his licenceto returne (which
Cc

2 could

  
  
  
 
  
 
    
  
   
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
   
  
  
 
  
 
   
   
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
 
  
 
   
 
 
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
  
  

could

" New Survo of the Welt-Indies, -

{not be granted) others imployed themſelvesmott of thar day in writing left

 

  

 

their friends, and Sifters in*Calcs. Thus-dinner. being cmied,ct and the txu Ad:{ſiſii 1s!
ſolemnly raking their leaves, the warning piece being ſhor oft for theEGalcons to joyne
rogether,andurn their courle £0 Sparn, we bad muuall adieuz,crying one to another
Buen Viaie, Buen paſſage , we kept our coprie towards {lme(zcct, {ailing befgzſie the winde
conftantly till we came to Americas A thing worth ooring inthat voyage ilrom Spaiz to
the 1ndjes; that after the Ilands'of Canaziuareionce leit, ſſchere is-one_conftant winde,
continuing to.America {till che ſamq without any o;vpoiitſſgor} or-contrariety-of* orher
windes; and this ſo proſperous and full on the'failes, char-didit blow conſtantiy,and were:
it not interrupted with many calmes, doubrleſſe the voyage mighr beended- in a moneth
or lefſe.. Bur fuch were the calmes that many times we had, that we got not©tothe fighr
ofany land tiil the rwentieth day of Auguſt #ſo:that'near fix_w@ſſe_kg weſziled avon a river
of freſh water, much delighting and ſporting'our ſelves in' fiſhing; many ſortsof fiſhes;
but eſpecially one, which by the Spaniards iscalled-Dorado, the-goiden-fifh,-tor the. skin
and ſcales of it that-glitter like g91d; of this ſort-we found ſuph ahundancezhar.no-foonet
wasthe hook with any-ſmall bait cait into the ſea; when preſently the:Dozradowas caught,
ſo-thatwe took them many tiraes for'pleaſure,and caſt»theni again into theſea,"being a
G\ fitter to be eaten freſh then ſalted. Many werethe feaſts and ſports nſed in the ſhips,
tll we diſcovered: the firſt land;or Iland called Deſſeada.. The lait day of Zulj(being ac-
cording to the;Jeſuites Order, and Reazes appointment, the day of '7qzaromus their- Patron
and founder oftheir Religion)the gallant ſhip called $'* Gerrradis (wherein. went, 30
Jeſuites) for theirs and their Saints fake madetoallthe reſt of che Fleer a moſt- gallant
ſhew, ſhe being: rrimmed roundabout with white linner, her flagges and top gallants re-
preſenting ſome the Jeſuites Armes; others the pifure of 1qnatius himelf,and chis from
theevening'before, ſhooting off that.nipþhrarleaft fifty ſhot of Ocdinance, beſides four or
five hnndred ſquibs:(the weather being very calthe) and»all her maftsand-racklings hung
wizh-paper Lanthornes having burning lights wirhin them ; the Waits: ceaſed not" from
ſounding,northe Fpaniards from finging all night. The-days ſolemn ſport was likewiſe
great, the Jeſuites increaſing'the Spariards joy witlran open proceſlion in the ſhip; ſing-
ing. their ſuperſtirious Hymnesand Anthemes to their ſuppoſed Saint ; and all this ſecon-
ded with roaring Ordinance, ho-powder being| ſpared for the compleating-that daysjoy
and triumph. : The fourth of A=ga/t following, being the'day which Rome doth dedicate
to Dominick., the firſt founder of the Dominicans or Preachers Order, the ſhip wherein
Lwas,named St. Anthony, ſtrived to exceed StGerrrndzs, by the aſſiftance'of the 27 Do-
miticans that wereinher. Allwas performed both by night and day;as formerly in $'*Ger-
:radis,both with powder, ſquibs, lights, Waits and muſick.” And further did'the'Domini-
cansjoy and triumplrexceed the Jeſuires, in thar they invited all-the Jeſuites;; with Doz
JobaNino de Toledo the Preſident of 11anila, withthe Caprtain. of the ſhip of $%*: Ger-
zxudis, n0/2.ſtarely'dinner both of Fiſh and Fleſh ; which dinner 4being ended, for the
afternoons ſport they. had prepared a Comedy out of famous Lope de Vegujto-be acted
by ſome Souldiers, Pafſengers and ſome of the younger ſort-of - Fryers; which'T con-
feſſe. wasas fately acted and fet forth both inſhewes and good apparell, in-that narrow
compaſſe ofour ſhip, as might have been upon the' beſt tage in the Court' of Xſadrid.
The Comedy being ended, and a banquet of fiveet meats prepared for the cloſing up of
that: days mirth, both ours, and 8 Gerrradis Cock-boat carried backe- our invited
friends, bidding'each other adieu with our Waites and-chiefeſt Ordinance. Thus went
we oriour Sea Voiage withour-any ſtorme, with - pleaſanr gales, many:: calmes, dayly
{ports and paſtimes, tillwe diſcovered the' firſt land called Deſſeada uponthetwentietÞy
day of Anguſt.

 

 

; C-#:x;2-N. 1.
of our diſcovery of ſome Tſlands, and what tronble befell us 3n one of them.

PHe Admirall ofour Fleet wondring much at our {lowfailing, who from:the ſecond
of fzly to the 190f- Auguſt had ſeen nor diſcovered any land, ſave only theIflands

of Canzria; the ſame day inthe morning called ro/Councell allthe Pilots ofthe ſhips,
F 06

 
 
     
 
   
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
   
 
  
  
 
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
   
 

C

A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies,

0 D C CS

ro know their opinionsconicerningour preſent being, and the neerneſſe of Land. The
Ships therefore drew near unto che Adinirall'one by one; thar eyery Pilot might de-
liver his opinion. Here-was cauſe'of laughter enough, -for the paſſengers:to: hear_the
wiſe Pilotsskil; One faying, we were three hundred mules, another two hundred, -ano-
ther one hundred, another fifty, another more, anorher lefſe, all erring much from
p the truth (as afterwards appeared): fave only -0ne old Pilot-of the ſmalieit Veſſell of
o all, who atfirmed reſolutely, that with that ſmall gale wherewith we then failed, we
| ſhonld come to Gzadalzpe the next morning. Allthe reft laughedat him; 'but he might
well bave laughed arthem, forthe next morning+by Sun-riting we plainly diſcovered
an Iſland called Deſſeada by the Spaniards., or. the defired Land,. for that at the firſk
diſcovery of the 1ud;a's it was.the firit Land the Spaniards found; being thenas deſirous
ro find ſomeTandafter many. dayesfailing as we were. After this Ifland preſently we
diſcovered another called Afarigalante; then another called Dominica, and laſtly; ano-
HR ther named Gzadalupe,” which was that we aimed at to refreſh jour ſelves in, to. waſh
our foul clorhes, and to take in freſh water.,, whereof weſtood in-great need. By
rwo or three ofthe clock in theafternoon we-came.to a afe;Rode lying before the
Ifland,, where wecaſt our Anchors, no wayes, fearfull of the naked'Barbarians of that
and che other Iflands, who with great, joy do.yearly expect the Span;ſh Fleers.com-
a ing, and by the Moones doe reckon the Months, and thereby make - their gueſſe
0n at their coming, and prepare ſome their Sugar Canes,others the Plantin; others the Tor-
30 cois, ſome one Provition, ſome another to barter- with-the - Spamiards for their ſmall
t Haberdafſh, or Iron,Knives, or ſuch things which'may help them in their Wars, which
commonly they make againit ſome other Iflands; Before our Anchors were caſt, out;
camethe 1»d5ans to meet us in their Canoa's, round like Troughes, ſome whereof had
been painred by our E-g/:/>,ſome by the Hollanders,fome by the Frepch, as might.appear
by their ſeverall Armes, it being a_common Rodeand harbour to all Nations that fail-ro
America. ' .

nſ Before we reſolved 'to go to ſhore, we taſted 'of thoſe Todian fruits,' the Plan-
ng- tin above all pleafing our taſte and Palate. We could not /bur-much wonder at that
In ſight never yet ſeen by us of people'naked,' with-their hair hanging down-to. the mid-
dle of their backes, with their faces cur our in ſeverall faſhions, .or flowers, with thin
plates hanging at their Noſes, like Hog-rings, and fauning upon us-like children ;
ſome ſpeaking in theirunknowne tongue, others uſing ſignes tor ſuch things as we.ima-.
gined they defired; Their ſigne for ſome of our - Spaniſh Wine was eaſily perceived;
and their requeſt moſt willingly granted to. by our men, who. with ohe reaſonable "Cup
of $paniſh Sacke preſently tumbledup their heels; and left them like fwine tumbling.on
the Deck of our ſhip. After a while that our- people had ſported with theſe rude and
Savage 7zdians, our two Cock-boates were ready to carry to ſhoreſuch as either had
clothes to waſh, or adefire to bathe themſelves in_ a River of freſh Water which is
within the Ifland, or a minde to ſet their feet again upon unmovyeable Land ; after fo
Ft many dayes of uncertain footing ina floating and reeling ſhip,...But thar : day being
h far ſpent, our Fryers reſolved to ſtayinthe ſhip.; and the'next whole day to viſtte
the lfland ; many of the Mariners and Paſſengers of all.che ſhips wene that eveningto
ſhore ; ſome returningat night, and ſome without fear continuing ' with the- Tadians

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(ſi]j all night on ſhore. The next morning my {elF and moſt of our Fryers went, and
: having hired ſome Spaniards to waſhour clothes, we wandred ſometimesall rogerher,
: ſomerimes two and two, and ſomerimes onealoneabout theIfland, mecting withmany
b Tadians, who did us no hurt, but rather like children fauned uponus;offering us of their

fruits,and begging of us wharſoever toies of pins, points or gloves theyeſpied: about us.
We ventured to goe to ſome of their houſes which ſtood; by-a-pleafant, River , and
were by them kindly entertained, eating of their fiſh ; /and wild deers fleſh. Abour
noon we chanced to meer with ſome of the Jeſuites of Santa Gertrudis Ship in the
midſt of the Mountain, who were very earneft in-talke, with.a lattoall naked like
the reſt ofthe 7:4;ans. This 21ulatro was a Chriſtian; born in Sev;l/ in Spain,and had
been ſlave there formerly to a rich Merchant, his name was Lews, and ſpoke the Spaniſh
Language very perfe&ly. Some twelve years before; he had run away from his Maſter
by reaſon' of hard and flaviſh uſage, and having got to Cales, offering his ſervice to a
Gentleman then bound for America, the Gentleman: fearing not that his true Maſter
thould ever have-more notice of him from a: new World,.took him a ſhip board ſſgfixh

- C3 1n

 
 

 

A New Survey of the Welſt-Indies,

him as his ſlave. The 2zlatto remembring the many ftripes which he had fi_zffereſſd
from his firſt cruell Maſter, and fearing 'that from America he_m1ght by ſome intelli-
enceor other be ſent back again to Spaiy, and alſo jealous ofhis ſecond Maſter { whoſe
þlowes he had begunto ſuffer inthe Ship) thar the would prove as cruell as his firit ;
when the Ships arrived at Gzadalape, refolved rather to die among{t the 1d5ans (which
he knew might be his hardeſt fortune ) then evermore to live in flavery under Spaniards.
So caſting his life upon good or bad fortune, he hlfi himſelf among the trees in Fhe
Mountaine till che Ships were departed, who after being found by the Indians,and giving
them ſome toyes which hehad got by ftealth from' his Maſter, he was entertained
by them, they liking him, and he them. Thus continned this poor Chriſtian flave
among thoſe Barbarians from year to year ; who had care to hide himfelf at the
comming of the Spaniſh Fleet yearly. In twelve years that he had thuscontinued
amongſt them, he had learned their language, was married to an 14iar, by whom
he had three children living. The Jeſuites by chance having met with him, and per-
ceiving moreby the Wooll upon hishead, that he was a Mwlatto, then by his black
and tauny skin ( for thoe 1-dians paint themſelves all over with ared colour) they
preſently imagined the truth that he could not come thither but with ſome Spaniard:
ſoentring into diſcourſe with him, and finding him to'ſpeak Spaniſh , they got the
wholetruth of him. 'Then we joyning with the Jeſuites, began to perſwade the poor
Chriſtian to forſake that heatheniſh life, wherein his ſoul could never be faved, pro-
miſing him if he would goe along with us, he ſhould be free from ſlavery, for ever.
Poor Soul, though he had lived twelve years withour hearing a word of the true
God, worſhipping ſtockesand ſtones with the other Heathens; yer when he heard a-
gain of Chriſt , of eternall damnation in hels torments, and ofeverlaſting Salvation
in Heavens joyes, he began to weep, afſuring us that he would goe with us, were
it not for his Wife and Children, whom he tenderly loved, and could not. forſake
them. | To this we replyed, that he might be a means of faving likewiſe their Souls,
if he would bring-them-with him ; and further thar we would aſſure him that care
ſhould be takenthat neither he, his Wite, nor Children ſhould ever want means com-
etent for the maintenance of their lives. The 2/z/atro hearkned well to all this,though
a fuddain fear ſurprized him, becauſe certain indians paſſed by, and noted his
long conference 'with us. The poor and timorous 2xlarto then told us, that he was
in danger, for having been known byus, and that he feared the 1ndians would kill
him, and ſuſpe& that we would ſteal him away; which if they did, and it were
noiſed about the Tfland, we ſhould ſoon {ee their love changed into cruell rage and
Matiny.  We perſwaded him nort tofear any thing they could do to _us; who had
Souldiers, Guns and -Ordinance to ſecure ours and his life alſo, wiſhing him to reſolve
to bring his Wife and Children but to the Sea ſide, where our men were drying their
Clothes, and would defend him, and a Boat ſhould be ready to convey him with his
Wife and Children a Ship board. The 2/z1atro promiſed to do as we had counſelled
him, and that he would enticehis Wife and Chiſdren to the Seaſide to barter with
us their Wares for -ours, defiring ſome of the Jeſuites (whom he faid he ſhould know
by their black Coates) to be there ready for himwith a Cock-boat. Lewss departed,
as tous heſeemed, reſolutein what he had agreed ; Our joy likewiſe was great with
the hope of bringing to- the light of Chriſtianity five ſouls out of the darkneſſe of
heatheniſh Tdolatry.  The Jefuites who had begun with this A{#/atro were deſirous that
the happy end and conclufion might betheir glory. $o taking their leaves of us, they
haſtened to the Sea rovinformethe Admirall of what they had done, and to provide
that the Cock-boat of their Ship might be in readineſſe to receive Lewzs, and his fa-
mily. We likewiſe returned 'tothe ſhore to ſee-if our Shirts and Clothes. were dry.
Moſt ofus (among whom myſelfwasone ) finding our Linnen ready and our Boat
on ſhore went aboard to our Ship,leaving twoor three of our company with many of
other ſhips on ſhore, eſpecially the Jeſuites waiting for their prey. When we came to
our Ship, moſt of the Fryers with what love they had found in_the Barbarians, were
inflamed with a new zeal of ſtaying in' thar Tſland, and converting thoſe Heathens to
Chriſtianiry, apprehendingit an eaſie buſineſſe (they being aloving people) and no
wayes dangerousto us, by reaſon of the Fleet that yearly paſſeth that way, and
might enquire after our uſage. But by ſomeit was objected,that it was a raſh and fooliſh
zeal with great hazard of their lives, and many inconvemences were objeRed againſſt
0

 

 

-
A New $ u—r'uq of the W eſt-Indies. 19

{o blind and ſimple an attempr. But thoſe that were moſt zealous {lighted all reaſons,
faying that the worſt that could happen to them could be bur to be, butchered, facrificed
andeatenup; and rharfor ſuch a purpoſe they had come out of Spaiz to be crowned
4 with the Crown of Martyrdome for confeſling and-preaching Jeſus Chriſt, While we
; were hot in this ſolemne conſultation, behold an uproar on the ſhoar ; our people run-
ning to and fro to fave their lives, leaving their clothes, and haſtingto the Cock-boats,
filling them ſo faſt and ſo full, that ſome ſunke with allthe people: in them ; Above all,
$ moſt pitifull and: lamentable were the cryes of ſome of our women, many caſting them-

 

ſii ſelvesinto the Seachooſing rather to venture to be taken up by ſome Boat,or at worſt to
ſſhe be drowned, then to þe taken and ro be cruelly butcþered by the Zydians. We wondering
&d at this ſuddain alteration, not knowing the cauſe of it, ar laſt perceived the Arrowes to
: come out thick from the Wood from behind the Trees, and thereby gueſſed at thetruth
D thar the Barbarians were nmtinied. ; The uproar laſted not half an hour, for. preſently
N our Admirall ſhot off rwo-or three Peeces of Ordinanceand ſent a Company of Souldiers
* to ſhoar to guardit and our people with their Muskets; which was well and ſuddainly
K performed; and all the 1ndians ſoon diſperſed. Three.of our Fryers who had remained on
" the Land, our Cock-boat brought them to us with more of our Paſſengers,among whom
the one Fryer fohn De 14 Cueva, was dangerouſly ſhot and wounded in one of his Shoulders;
\el this Fryer had been earneſt with me to ſtay on ſhoar with him, which I refuſed, and ſo
& eſcaped that crnell and fiery onſer of the 74:ans. Befides thoſe that were drowned and
r, taken up at ſhoar (which were fifteen perſons)! two Jeſuites were found dead upon the
'le Sand, three more dangerouſly wounded, three paſſengers likewiſe lain, ten wounded,
Uts beſides three more ofthe Fleet which could never-be found alive or dead, and were
tl0n thought to have been found in the Wood by the 1n4ians, and to have been murthered by
ſere them. Our Mulatto Lewzs came not! according to_ his word ; but in his ſtead a ſuddain
lke Army of treacherous 1ndians, which gaveus motive enoughto, think, 'that either Lows
uh, himſelf had diſcovered the Jeſuites Plot to take himaway with his Wife and Children ; or
Ue that the 7-dians ſuſpeRting it by his ralke with us had made him confeſſe it.- And certainly
N- this was the ground of their -mutiny ; for whereas Zews before had ſaid, that he would
gh know the Jeſuites by their black Coats, it ſeems he had well deſcribed them above all the
bis reſt unto the 1ndians, for (asit was after well obſerved) moſt of their Arrowes was . di-
yas re&ed to the black Markes, and ſo five of themin little abovyea quarter of an hour flain
kil and wounded. | All that night our Souldiers guarded the Coaſt, often ſhooting off their
2 Muskets to affright the 7dians, who appeared no moreuntous.., All that night we flepr
d little, for we watched-our Ship,z leſt the Indians in their Canoas ſhould ſer upon us and
ad rake us aſleep. /Some lamented the dead and drowned, others pitied our wounded Fryer
ve ?ohn De 1a Cueva, who all that-night lay in a great torment and miſery, others laughed
tlr and jearedat thoſe zealous Fryers,, who would haye flayed in that Ifland ro, Conyers
lis the Barbarians; ſaying they had their full defire of Martyrdome, for had they been bur
&d that night with the! Z»dias, doubtleſſe they had been.ſhread for their Suppers, But now

we perceived their-zeal was coole,and they defired;no more to ftay with ſuch a Bar-
barous kind of people z but rather wiſhed the -Admirall would ſhoot off the warning
4 Peece for us all ro take up our-Anchors,: and depart from ſo dangerous a place. In the
4 morningalthe ſhips made baſt to takein ſuch freſhwater as wasneceſlary for their voiage

 

Zl yet to America, altrong watch-being kept along. the Coaft, and a Guard guarding our
t men totheRiver ; and all the morning while this-was doing not one 7-d;az could be
| found or. ſeen, nor our three men that were miffing, appeared.  Thus at noon with a
ſi pleafant and proſperous Gale we hoiffed up our Sails, leaving the Iſlands and harbour of
T Guadalupe, : D Fos t

F ;

c

f : Crar, VIL

: Of our further Sayling 0 $1, John: de Ulhua, alias, Vera Crux z and of ony
;' landing there,
|

theIflands; The 1:dians uproar bad weaved for us athred of long difcourte; It

uPon the 22 day of Augſt, we failed. ſo pleaſantly that we ſoon left the ſight of
made

 
 

20 A New Snrvey of {l_oſieſi Weſt-lpfi_ies,

made fome hate their caſhſixg toteach and convert' Tpjians. But Calvo heencouragedus,

rellins us many ſtories'of the-goodand gearle narure'of the Jdians of Philippizas, 09"

whom we were going, and tharmoſt ofthem were Chriſtians alreadyſi-ſiſſh@lffle@-ctſiſi-ſiſiſi{ cheir
Priefts asGods upon the earth;andithat thqſe thac were not as yer:Converted to C'ſi]riſilfi:\f'
ry, werekepriin aweby the power 0t the Spaniards; Our chxtit carethetirit wo:or three
dayes was to [ook to'our plantinswhichwe gorfromthe 7,d;aps.: This fruit pleaſeſſ. uS2 .11
exccedingly; judging it to be as\good, or' berterthenany fruitin Spajz.'1r 15 not gather-
ed ripe from the cree;; but being garhered green; itis hung up ſome- dayes, anc'l ſo Cipens
and growes yellow and mellow, and every bit astweet ashoney.” Our Sugar 'Canes » !(ſie
no lefſe plealing unto us, whilſt chewing rhe pith,we retreſhed and fiyeerned our mouthes
with the jrice. We fedfor the firft week almoſt upon norhing”bur Toztozs; which ſeemed
likewiſe to us that had/never before ſeen ir, one of the Sea monfters, ' the ſkell being ſo
bard asto'bear any Cart wheel, and in ſome above two yards' broad; when- firſt rhey

were opened, we were amazed to'ſee-the number of egges that wereinthem,a thouſand

being the leaft that we judgedro-bein ſome of them. Our Spazizrds made wich them an
excellent broth with'all ſorts of ſpices. The mear ſeemed rather"fleſh then 'Sea fith,
which being corned with falr,and hungup two or three dayesinthe aire,taſted like Veal.
Thus our Hens, our Sheep, our powdred Beef, and gammons of Bacon, which we broughr
from $pain, were ſome dayes {lighted, while with greedy ſtomacks we fell hard to our
Sea Veal.

After four dayes fail, our Fryer John'dr 14 Cueva, who had been ſhot by the 1ndians,
died 7 all his body being fwelled, which gaveus juft occaſien to thinke, » that the arrow
which was ſhot into his ſhoulder was"poiſoned. 'His buriall was as folemnly perfor-
med as could beat Sea; His grave being the whole Ocean, he had-weighty-ftones hung
to his feet, two more t6 his ſhoulders; 'and'one t: his breſt  and then rhe ſuperititious
Romiſh Di,ri reand Requiem being ſung for hisſoul;his Corple beingheld our ro the Sea
on the ſhip fiſide,with ropes ready tolet him fall;allthe ſhip crying out three 'times, bucy
Yiaie (that is,a good Voiage) to his ſoul chiefly, andalfoito his Corpſe ready to travail
to the deep to feed the Whales : ar the firſt cry all the'Ordinance were ſhor off, the ropes
on a ſuddain looſed, and obz 42 1a Curva with'the weight' of 'heavy ſtones _plunged
deep into the Sea, whom no mortall eyesever-more heheld. )The like we-ſaw perfor-
med in the ſhip of Santa Gerrradzs; to another Jeſuite;'one-of the'three who had-been
dangerouſly wounded by-the Jndians of Guadaiype; who' likewiſerdied like our Eryer,
his body being ſwelled a3 with poyſon.” Now'our fayling was morecomfortable thea
before ; for we paſſed inthe ſight of the land of- Pxerto: Ricojrand' then of the great
Ifland of $'*-Domingo ; and here our company began' to-beleffened, ſome-|departing
to Paerto Rico, and $** Domingo) others tO' Cartagena, and Havana; and Honduras, 14-
maica, and 7ucatan. We remainednow alone the Fleet for Mexico;anddo failedtill we
came to what the Spaniards call 12$onda,or the fourid'of Aexico;for hereweoften ſoun-
dedthe Sea; which was fo calme, thata whole weekwe'were ſayed for want -of winde,
ſearce ſtirring from the place where firſtwe' were caught-by the 'calme. | Here likewiſe
we had great ſport in fiſhing, filling again'our” bellies' with /Doradps; and faving that
proviſion whlch we had broughe from-Sp,in. Butthe heat was ſo4extraordinary,” thar
the day was tio pleafure-unto us ; for the-repercuifion! of the Surs heati upon-the, Rill
water and- pitch 'of- out ſhips, - kindled” a ſcorching''fires which -all :the: day dir
ſtempered' our bodies with a conftant running fwear;:forcing us 20 caſt. off :molt-of
ovr clothes, The evenings and 'nights were ſomewhatmore: comfortable ;-yer-the

heat which the ſun had"left in the pitchedribs\and-planks 6f the ſhip-was-fuch; that *

under deckandin our Cabins we were not able toſleep, but in-our ſhirts. were fors
ced to walke, or ſit, or lie upon the deck. The Mariners fell to waſhing themſelves
and to ſwimming, till the infortunate death oF one in the ſhip called *St, Francifco;
made them ſuddainly leave off that: ſport. ,The neerer we came to the main land, the
fea abounds with a monſtrous fiſh called” by the Spaniards, Tibwroy. Some mifſtake
this fiſh for the Caimay, or Grecodjle, holding them both for one;and thinking that
it isonly the Caiman of Crocodile (by abuſe called*7: baron) which deyvoures mansfleſh;
a whole joynt at a bit in the water. But the miſtake is groſle, for the' Caimanis: plated
all over with ſhels, whereas the T;6704 hath no ſhels, but only like other great Sea
fiſhes, hath athick skin. The Caiman though the 7xdians eatofit, yet the Spaniards
hateit ; who eat of the Tbaron; and in our thip catching one-with a t:ridentallſ iro;

FOrk,

 

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A N('lffl Fmct*vrſiy vey of the W. c(i Indies.

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1t (benſſ 15 much as a dozen or fifteen men c()hlu doto lct(*ziſi him up into Eh\. thip) we

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ffiulld h-ſiewx(zto Eat: _lke fefb; as bath been ſaid of the- ſorfoſiſi Fhiskind 15-as rave-

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apprehenſionof danger by thar kind of winde, and of what mxgþt happen, - then fox
what asyet the windethreatned,which was nor ſtrong nor boifterous ; however hallow-
ed wax candles were lighed by the Fryers, - knees bowed to. ary, Leranies and other
hymnes and; prayers 1urg aloudunto her, rill towards the dawning of the day; when
behold the North winde ceaſed, our wonted Sale began to blow again, it being Gods'
willand pleaſure, and'no effect of the howlng Fr\ ers prayers to 4Zary, who yet \upe{u
ſtitioully

Szu/}'?ſſ Mc.. Sparke .

 

 
     

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    

 
 
 
 
 
  
   
  
    

 

 

   

A New Survyy of the Weſt-Indies.

nvert” Tp4ians; Bur Calve ke encouraged'us,

 

 

made ſomehats theit callingto reachand co

relling us-many ftoriesofthe-go00
whom we were going, and thar moſt of them were Chriſtians already,who efteemed cheir

D-cficncGodsuoonthe carth;andthatthoſe thar were nor as yer-converced tro Chriſtian

  

boundswith a monttrous-mm=e ;
— eR SneS | CH/UEU. - ſſſi—-Hl,C__ſi;ctſiſþctdnMrd:, AmB e- -ooanrn
we On{? cfkct?: (tſſ ctEWCctmM, or Crocodyle, holavmg them both for one;and rhinking that
N holeÞ rnrar aſitz;iztqr Chrocadz[e (by abuſe called 756470,) which deyoures mans fleſh!
D 1?1 the water. But the miſtake is groſle; for the Caimanis plateci
Sifes/hatk 4ohick k\:ſſ ſ:re_fi1 the T :buron harh no ſhels, but only like other 'great Sea
N Dn Laree hn. _ The Caiman though the Tadiaps eat ofit; yet the Spaniards
; 5 of the T3b#ron; and inour” ſhip eatching one-with a tridentall iron
Fork,

dand geatle nature-of the dians of Philippivas, ©9* »

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
: 4 F,yn: Oy
A New Survey of 1he \V eſt-Indies.

Fork, and haling him with a_Cable ropeto theſhip fide, and then bindins Hm with
*ir, (being as muchas a dozen or fifreen men could do to hoiſe himup into theſhip ) we

tound him ro be a molt monſtrouscreature, twelye el!s lons at lealt,which we ſalced;and

found likewiferto ear. like fieſh, as bath been faid of the- Tozroz. This-kind is as raye-

nous after mans fleſh*as the CrocodzJe, and many ofrhem wereto be feen inthis Sound

of fexico. : X :

The Spaniards barhirig themſelves dayly: by the Ships fide, ( wherethere is no ſuch
danger ofthe Tibard; who uſerh not-ro come too: near the ſhips) one Mariner of
the-ſhip called Sr. Frazciſco being more venturous then the reſt, and offering- ro
fwimme from his ſhip, to ſee fome friends in another not farre off, chanced
to be/ a 'moſt unfortunate prey to one of them., who before any boar corld: 'be ſer
out to help him , was thrice fjeen to be pulled under water by the Monſter, whohad
deyoured a leg, an arme, and part of his ſhoulder ; the reſt of the .body was after
found and rakenup, and carried to St. Franciſco, and there buried in the forme and
manner as harh been faid of our, Fryer ohy dz 1a. Cueva. They that gor down to the ſea
in thips, theſe ſee the works-of the Lurd, and his ffiofldſſt'}"ſ'lſifl the deep, Pſalm. 107. 23,24:
Here they ſhall ſee not only, Whales, but. orher fiſhes like Monkers maſtering firons
and valiant men, with feverall ſers of-ſharpe; ftrong and mighty reeth, deyouritis \aT
one bit whole limmes with fleſh and bones together. This miſchance fadded all our
Fleer for three dayscill it pleaſed Godto refreſh our burning heat with a cool and pro-
ſperous winde, drivingus.out of chat calme Sound, which (ifwe had continued in it with
that exceſlive heat ) might. have proved-mott unſound and unhealthy to our bodies
Three dayes after we-had failed, being Munday in the: mornins about ſeyen of the
clock, one of our Fryers faying Mafſe, and allthe people in the ſhip kneelins to hear
it, andto adore their bread God, one Mariner with a_loud and ſodain yoice cryeth
out Tierra, Ticrra, Tierra, Land, Land?[.and, which rejoyced the hearts of all that were
in'theſhip, asir ſeemed, more then their Maſſe, for leaving rhar, and their God upon
the Altar with the Prieſt toceat himalone; they aroſe from their knees, to behold the
Continent of America. Great was the.joy ofall the ſhips that day; and great was the
flaughter which.our old Ca/vo made among his fowles, ( which he had ſpared formerly”)
fo feaft that day his Fryers. About ten of the clock the whole face of the land was
viſibly apparent, andwewith full faile running to embrace it. But our wiſe Admirall
knowing the danger of the Coaſt, and eſpgaally the dangerous entring 'into_the Ha-
ven, by reaſon ofthe many rockes that lie abour it, and are. known only by markes

{ and flags ſer our to give all-ſhips warning of them, perceiving that with the winde
wherewith we failed then,we ſhonld not cometill rowardsevening to the Port : and laſt-
ly, fearing left ſome North winde (which is dangerous upon that Coak;, and ordinary in
the month of Seprezzber) ſhould inthe night ariſe, and endanger all our ſhips upon the
rockes; he thereforecalled to Councell all the Pilots, roknow whether it were beſt to
keep on our failing with full fail that day, with hopes to get that dayin good rtime in-
to the Haver, or elſe with the middle failonly to draw near, that the next morning
with more fſecurity we might with the help of boats from land be guided in. The re-.
ſult of the Councell was not to venture that day too near unto the Port, for fear of be-
ing benighred, but to pull downall- but the middle fail. The winde- began to calme,
and our {hips to move flowly towards land, and fowe continuedtill night. A double
watch was xept that nighr in our ſhip, and the Pilot was more watchfullhimſelf and
more caretullthen at other times; But our Fryers betookthemſelvesto their reft;which

. continted not long ; for before midnight the winde turnedto the North, which cauſed
a ſuddain and generall cry anduproar inours, and all the other ſhips.  Our Marindrs
came to the Fryers, uſing almoſt the ſame words of Fonzh 1.6. wWhat meaneſt thou, O
Nleeper ? Ariſe, call upon thy God, if ſo be that God will thinke upon1s, that we periſh nit:
They changed thename of God into the bleſſed Virgin 2azy, in whom they ſeem
to confide in fuch occafions more then in God himfelf. - Fheir fear was morefor the

i apprehenſion of danger by thar kind of winde, and of what mighr happen, - then for
- what as yet the winde threatned, which was not ftrong nor þoiſterons ; however hallow-

ctſih* ed wax candles were lighed by the Fryers, knees bowed to 2ary, Letanies and other
ate hymnes and. prayers fung aloud unto her, rill towards the dawning of the day; when

” behold the North winde ceaſed, our wonted gale beganto blow again, it being Gods

i willand pleaſure, and'no effect of the howling Fryers prayers to 2Zaxy, who yet ſuper-
s firtiouſly

 

 

9Chrifigiiz

 
 

A New Survey of the W eſt-Indics.
ally i 5 ſſe ſimple people, cryed out, 4731agro, 2ilagro, M Yagro,a ſiurac}e,
Zſifflg\z,tg ST::lcſſiſſ:.ctIXZy exgll)n apcloſic):k in t%le morning we cameto the ſight ot the houſes,
and made ſignes for boats to convey us into the Hayen ; which 'immedaately with grear
ſi joy came out, and guided us one by one between thoſe Rockes, which make tha; Port as
Langerous asany I have diſcoveredn all my Fravalles both upon the North and South ſea.
Our Waits plaied moſt picafantly, our Qrdmance ſal_uted both Town and Fort Over -
gainſt it, our hearts and countenances reciprocally rejoyced; we caſtour Aſſ1Fh0ſ5)W[lſſCil
yet were not enough to ſecure our ſhips in that moſt dangerous Haven, but further with

Cable ropes we ſecured them to Iron rings, which for that purpoſe are faſtned into the -

Wall of the Fort, for fear of the ſtrong and boiſterous Northern winds. And thus wel-
coming one another to a new world, many boates waiting for us, we preiſiently went
with joy to ſer footing in America.

-

mn ———_—

Cnapr. VIII.

E:- 903 : :
of our Landing at Vera Crux, 'otherwiſe $t. John de Ullhua, and of our enter-
tainment there.

 

Pon the. 12 day of Seprember, we happily artived in America in that famous Town
Ucalled St. Zohn de Vihaa, otherwiſe Vera Crux ; famous for that it was the firſt be-
ginning ofthe famous conqueſt of that valiant and eyer_renowned Conqueror Hernands
Gortez. Here firſt was that noble and generous. reſolution, that never heard of policy,to
ſinke the ſhips which had brought the tirſt Spaniardsro that Continent, greater then any
of the other three-parts of the world, to the intent that they- mighr chinkfz of nothing
but ſuch a conquett as after followed, being deftitute of the help of their ſhips, and with-
out hopes eyermore to returne to Czba, Twcatan, or any of thoſe parts from whence they
hadcome.Hereit was that the firſt five hundred Spaniards ſtrengthned themſelyes againſt
millions of enemies,and againſt the biggeſt fourth part of all the world. Here were the
firſt Magiſtrates, Judges, Aldermen, Officers of Juſtice natned. The proper name of the
Townis St. Fohn:de Vthaa, otherwiſe called Yera Crax, from the old Harbour and Haven
of VeraCruzx , fixleagues from this, and ſo called, for that upon good Fryday it was firſt
diſcovered.. But the old Yera Crux prooving too. dangerous/an Harbour for ſhips, by
reaſon of the violence of the Northern winds z it was utterly forſaken by the Spaniards,
who removed to St. Fohn de Vhua, where their ſhips found the firſt ſafe road by reaſon
of a Rock, which isa ſtrong defence againſt the winds. And becauſe the memory 'of the
worke of that good Fryday ſhould never beforgotter, to St. ?ohy de Vihua they have ad-
ded the name alſo of Yera Crux, taken from that firſt Haven which was diſcovered upon
good Fryday; An 1519.

Asſoonas we.came to ſhore, we found very folemn preparations for entertain=
ment , allthe Town being reſortedro the Sea fide, all the Priefts and Canons of the
Cathedrall Church, all the religious  Orders of the ſeverall Convents (which are
there Dominicans, Franciſcans, Mercenarians, and Jeſuites ) being'in a readineſſe
vith their Crofſes borne before them, to guide the new Viceroy of Mexico, in proceſii-
onto the chief Cathedrall Church..- The Fryers and Jeſuites were quicker in going
to land then the, great Do the Marqueſſe Je Serralvo and his Lady. Some of them
kifſed the groundas holy in their opinion, for the Converſion of thoſe Zrd;ans to. Chri-
Kianity , who before had worſhipped Tdols, and facrificed to Devils 3 others kneeled
upon their knees making ſhort prayers, ſomero the Virgin Aary, others to ſuch Saints
asthey beſt affe&ed ; and ſo berook themſelves to the places and ſtations of rhoſe of

their profeſſion. In the mean timeall the Canon playing both from ſhips and Caſtle,
landed the Viceroyand his Lady andall his Train, accompanied with Doy Martin de Car-
; #illo the Viſiter generall for the ftrife between the Count of Gelves the laſt Viceroy,and
 the Archbiſhop of 2/exico. The great Dojand his Lady being placed under a Canopie of
; ſtare,began the Te.Dexm to beſung with much variety of muſicall inftraments, all mar-
jchingin proceſſionto the Cathedrall,where with many lights of burning lampes, orches,
and Wax candles, wastothe view ofall, ſer upon the high Altar their God of bread
t6 whomall knees were boweda prayerof thanks-giving ſung, holy water by a Prieſt

ſprinkled

 
 

_ A New$ zirctvey_of the Weſt-Indies.

ſprinkled apon all the people, and laitly a Maſſe with three_ Prieſts ſolemnly celebrated.
This being ended the Viceroy was atrended on by the Chief High Juftice, named A}-
calde Maior, by the Officers of the Town, fome Judges ſent from 2exico to that purpoſe,
andall the Souldiers of the Ships and Town unto his lodging; The Fryers likewiſe
2 inProceſſion with their Crofſe before rhem were conduded to their ſeyerall Cloiſters!
.\.ſiſict;; Fryer Calvo preſented hisDominicans to the Prior of the Cloiſter of Sc. Dommicke,who
ſſſſſſ,}l entertained us very lovingly with ſome fweer Meats, and eyery one with a Cup of_
1 the 1adian drink called Chocolarte, whereof Tſhall ſpeak hereafter. This refreſhmenr
being ended, we proceeded toa better, which was a moſt ftately Dinner both of Eiſh
and Fleſh,; no Fowles were ſpared, many Capons, Turkey Cocks, and Hens were pro-
digally laviſhed,to ſhew us the abundanceand plenty of Proviſion'of that Country. The
rior of this Cloiſter was no ſtayed, ancient, grey-headed man, ſuch as uſually are
made Superiours to govern young and wanton Fryers ; but he wasa Gallant and Amo-
rous youg Sparke, who (as we were there informed) had obrained from his Superi-
our the Provinciall Government of that Convent with a bribe'6F a thoufand Duc-
kars., After dinner he had ſome of us to his Chamber, where  we-obſerved: his light-
” neſſe and little ſavour ofReligion or Mortification in him ;* We thought to have found
" in his Chamber ſome ſtarely Library, which might rell us of Learning and love of Study ;
but we found not aboye a dozen old Books, ſtanding in a corner covered with uſt and
Cobwebs, as if they were aſhamed that the Treaſure that lay hid in them, ſhould be ſo

 

ules,
rear
It ag
biks,

0 (ſiſiſi'ſi':
ISwel.
Went

Tojn much forgotten,and undervalued, and the Guitarra (the Sp,nifh Lute) preferred and ſer
rhe- above them. - His Chamber wasrichly dreſſed and hung with many pictures, and with
erund hangings,fome made with Cotten Wooll, others with various coloured feathers of Mex
lcy;to choacan, his Tables covered with Carpets of Sitk ; his Cubboards"adorned with ſeverall
jenany forts of China Cups and Diſhes, ſtored within with ſeverall dainties of fweer Meats and
othing - Conſerves. ſi ; : ' 4

 with This ſight ſeemed to the zealous Fryers of our Miſfion nioſt vain, and unbeſeeming
ethey a- poor and mendicant Fryer; to the others, whoſe end in comins from $pain to
gain thoſe parts was Liberty, and looſneſſe, and covetouſneſſe of riches, this fight was pleas
e the ling and gave them greatincouragement to enter further into thac Country ; where
* the Tſoon a Mendicant Lazarus might become a proud and wealthy Dives. The diſcourſe
lven ofthe young and light headed Prior was nothing but” vain boaſting of himſelf- of his
fik birth, his parts, his favour with the chief Superior or Provinciall, the love which the
« by beſt Ladies, the richeſt Merchants Wives of the Town bare unto him , of his
ſiſſct/ clear and excellent voice, and great dexterity in Muſick, whereof he preſently gave
" us a taſte, tuning his Gnitarra .and ſinging to us ſome verſes (as he ſaid, of his own
he compoſing) ſome lovely Amarylzs, adding icandallto ſeandall; looſeneſle to liberty,;
ſſ-zd- which it grieved ſome 6fus to ſee in a Superiour who ſthould- have taught with words,

andinhis life and Converſation, examples ofRepentance and Mortification: No ſooner
were our ſenſes of hearing delighted well with Muſick, 'our ſight with the obje&ts of
-ſſ Cotten-Wool,Silke and Featherworkes, but preſently our Prior cauſed to be brought
Þact*bſict forth of all his ſtore of dainties, ſuch variety as might likewiſe reliſh well and delighe
o our ſenſe of raſting. Thusas we were truly tranſported from Exrope to America, 10
" the world ſeemed truly to be altered, our ſenſes changed from what they were the

00n

iſſf night and day before,when we heard the hideous-noiſe of the Mariners hoiſing np Sailes,
" when we ſaw the Deep and monſters of it,” when we taſted the ftinking water , when
's we ſmelt theTar andPitch ; but here we hearda' quivering and 'trembling voice and
8 inſtrument well tuned, we beheld wealth and riches, we taſted what was fweer, and
_ inthe Sweet-meats ſinelr the Muske and Civit, 'wherewith that Epicurean Prior had
&d ſeaſoned his Conferves. Here we broke up our diſcourſe and paſtimes, defirous to
N walke abroad and take a view of the Town, havins no more time then that, and the
X next day to ſtay init. 'We compaſſed irround about thar afternoon; and found the
D firuation'ofit ro.be ſandy,except on the South-welt ſide, where it is Mooriſh ground,
: and full of ſtanding Bogs, which with the great heats that are there, cauſe it to be 2
, very unhealthy place ; The number ofInhabitants may bethree thouſand,and amongſt
f them ſome yery rich Merchants, fome worth two hundred, ſome three hundred, and

ſome. four hundred thouſand Duckats. Of the buildings little we obſerved, for they
areall,borh Houſes, Churches, and Cloiſters, built with Boards and Timber, the Walls
of the richeſt mans houſe being made but of boards, which with the impetuous V\gndsſſ

: on

 
 

 

A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies.
From the North hath been cauſe that many timesthe town hath been for the moſtpart of
it burnt down to the ground. The great Trading from Aexico, and by ex;cofrom the
" Eaſt-India's, from Spain, from Crha, S'” Domingo, 7ucatan, Poetobello, and, by Poctobello
from Peru, trom Cartagena, and all che Iflands lying upon the North Sea, and by the Ri-
ver Alvarado goingup to£ apotecas,St1idefonſo, and rowards Guaxaca, and by the River
Grijaval, running up to T abaſco, Los Zoques and Chiapa de Indios,makerh this little Town
very rich, and to abound with all the Commodities of che Continent Land, and of all
the Eaſt and wef-India'sTreaſures: 1: The unhealthineſſe of the place is rhe reaſon of
the paucity of Inhabitants,, and the paucity of them, together with the rich Trading
and commerce, the reaſons that the Merchants therein are extraordinary rich ; who
yet might have beenfar richer, had not the Town, been ſo often fired, and they in the
fire had great loſſes. All the ſtrength.of this Town4s firſt the hard and.dangerous en-
trance into the Haven; and ſecondly, a 'rock which lyeth before the Town lefſe then a
Masket ſhot off; upon which is built. a Caſtle, and in the Caitle a ſighr Garrifon of
Souldiers. - In the Town there is neither Fort, . nor Caftle, 'nor fcarce any people of
warhke mindes.  The Rock and Cafſtle are as. a Wall, defence, and incloſure to the
Haven, which otherwiſe lyeth wide open to the Ocean ,and to the Northern Winds. No
Ship darescaſt Anchor within the Haven, but only under theRock and Caſte, andyet nor
ſure enough ſo with Auchors, except with Cables alſo they be bound and faſtned to Rings
of Iron for thar purpoſe to the {ide of the Rock ;. from whence ſometimesir hath happe-
ned that ſhips floating with the Stream roo much on one {ide the Rock have been driven
offandcaſt upon the other Rocks or out to the Ocean,, the Cables of their Anchors, and
thoſe wherewith they-have been faſtned to the Caftle being broken with the force of the
Winds. This happened to one of our Ships the firſt night. after we landed; who were
happy. that we were:not then at Sea ; for there aroſe fucha ſtormeand rempeſt from the
North,that it quite broke theCables of one Ship and drove it out to the main Sea, and we
thought.ir would hayeblown anddroven ns our of our beds after ir,for theſlight boarded
houſes did.ſo.totter and ſhake, that weexpeCted every.hour when they would fall upon.
out heads.. We had that night enough of St.ob» de Vlhaa, and littlereſt, though-feaſted
as well at Supper asat Dinner by our vain boaſting Prior, who before we went to bed, |
had cauſed all our feet. to.be waſhed, thar now in eafier beds then for above two- monrhs
rogether the ftrait and narrow Cabins of che Ship had allowed us,our ſleep might be more
quiet, and more nouriſhing to-our bodies ; but the whiſtling winds and tottering Cham-
bers, which made'our beds uncaſie ©radles to us, cauſed us to fliefrom. our refſt at mid-
night, and with our bare (though waſhed) feet to/ſeek the dirty Yard for ſafer ſhelter.In
the morninsthe Fryers of the Cloiſter who wereacquainted with thoſe winds and ftorms,,
laughed at.our fearfulneſſe, aſſuring us, that they never flept better then when their Beds-
were rocked with ſuch like blaſts.” But that nights- affrightrment made us. weary already
of qur. goodand kind entertainment ;-we defired to.remove from the Sea fide'; which our
Superiour Calvoyeelded to, not for our fear fake ſo much, as for his-fear, left with, eating
tog.much of the ftuits of that Country;and drinkingafter them too greedily of the water
(which cauſerh dangerousFluxes, and haiteneth death to thoſe that newly come_ from
Spain to thoſe parts) we ſhould fall ſick,and die there,as hundreds did after our departure ]

 

for want of temperance inthe uſe of thoſe fruits, which before they had never ſeen'or ea-
ten. Thirty Mules were ready for us,which had been.brought a purpoſe from 2exico,and
had waited for us.in St. Zohn deVlhna fix days before ever the Fleet arrived. Calvothat day
buſied himſelfa ſhip board in ſending to ſhore our Cheſts, andſuch proviſion as had been
{eft. of Wines, and Bisker, Gammons of Bacon, and falted Beef, whereof there.was ſome
ſore, beſidesa dozenHens.and three Sheep, which was much wondred at, that ſo much
ſhould be left after ſo long a voiage.In the meantime we viſited our friendsand rook our
leaves of them.in the forenoon ;andafter Dinner ſeats were prepared for us.in the Cathe-
drall Churchto fitandſeea Comedy.acted, which had been on purpoſe ſtudied and pre-
pared by the Town for the' entertainment: of the new Viceroy of exico. Thus. two
days only weabode in St. Zohn de Vihaa, and-ſo departed.

CHAP.

 
 

Cuapyr. I K

of our jonrney from $t. John deUlhuato Mexico; and of the moſt remarkeable
Townes and Villages in the way,

Pon the 14. day of Seprember we left the Town and Port of St. ?ohn de Vihaa,cntfing
U into the rode to Mexico, which we found the firſt three or tour leagues to be very
fandy, as wide and open as is our rode from Zondoy to St. Albays. The tirſt Todians we
met with, was at the old Yera Cr#x, a Town feated by the ſea ſide, which the Spantards
thar firſt conquered that Countrey thought ro haye madetheir chief Harbour ; bur af-
terwards by reaſon of the ſmall ſhelter they found in it for their ſhips againſt the North
winds,they left it, and removed to St. Fohy de Vlhua. Here we began to diſcover the
power of the Prieſts and Fryers over the poor 7adians, and their ſubjeftion and obedi-
enceunto them. The Prior ofSt. ?ohn de Vihua bad writ a letter unto them the day
before of our pafling thar way, charging them to meet us in the way, and to welcome us
into thoſe parts ; which was by the poor 1-diays gallantly performed; for two miles be-
fore we came to the Town, there met us on Horſe-back ſome twenty of the chief of the
Town, preſenting unto every one of us a noſegay of flowers; whorid before us a bow
ſhor, till we met with more company on foot,to wit, the Trumpeters, the Waits ; ( who
ſounded pleafantly all the way before us) rhe Officers of the Church , ſach as here we
call Church-wardens, though ntore in nurber, according to the many ſodalities or con-
fraternities of Saints whom they ſerve; theſe likewiſe preſented to each ofusa noſegay ;
next met usthe ſinging menand boyes, all the Queriſters,who ſoftly and leiſurely walked
before us ſinging, Te Deun laudam, till we came to the midit of the Town, where were
rwo great Elme trees, the chief Market place;there was ſer up one long arbour with greeri
bowes, anda table ready furniſhed with boxes of Conſerves, and other ſiveet meats, and
diet-bread; to prepare our ſtomachs for a cup of Checolarre, which while it was ſeaſoning
with the hot water and Sugar, thechief 1:41ans and officets of the Town made a ſpeech
unto us, having firſt kneeled down and kifſed our haridsone by one ; they welcomed us
into their -Country, calling us the Apoſtles of Jeſus Chriſt; thanked us for thar we had
left qur own Country, our friends, our Fathers'and mothers for to fave their ſouls;
they told us they honoured us as Gods upon -earth ; and many ſuch complements they

 

0 uſed till our Choco/atre was brought. We refreſhed our ſelvesfor the ſpace of one hour,
Fevs and gave hearty thanksto the 7-d5azs for their kind reſpe&s unto us, aſſuring them thar
aay nothing was more dear untousinthis world 'then their ſouls, which that we might
" 7 fave, weregarded nor ſea,” nor land dangers, not the unhumane cruelties of barha-
vns rous and ſavage 1ndians, ( who as yet had no. knowledge of the true God)) no nor our
FRer own lives. :

fon And thus we took our leaves, givingunto the chiefof them ſome Beads, ſome medals,
yeure ſome Croſles of braſle, ſome Agzus Dez, ſome reliques brought from Spain,and to eve-
re- ry oneof the Town an indulgence of forty years; (which the Pope had granted unto
jl us, to beſtow where and upon whom, and'as oftenas we would) ' wherewith we began
&y to blinde that ſimple people with ignorant, erroneous, and Popiſh principles;As we went
0 out of the arbour to take' our'Mules, behold the Market place was full of 747an men and
me women ;-whoasthey ſaw us' ready todepart,”kneeled upon the ground as adoring us
ack for a bleſling, which as we rid along, we beſtowed upon them with lifted up hands 'on
or high, making over themthe ligne.of the Crofſe: And this ſubmiſſion 'of the poor 7-
the diansuntothe Prieſts in  thoſe'parts; this vain-glory in admitting ſuch ceremornious
" entertainment and publick\worſhip trom them,” did ſo puffe up ſome of our youug Fry-
x0 ers hearts, that already they thought themfelyes better then'the beſt Biſhops in Spair,

who though proud enough,”yet never trayail there with fuch publick acclamationsas

we did. The Waits and Trumpers ſounded again' before-ys, and the chief of the

Town conduted nsa mile forward, and fo took their leaves. The firſt two! dayes we

lodged but in poor ſmall 7ad5az Townes; among whom we ftill found kind entertain-

, ment , and good ftore of proviſion, eſpecially of Hens, Capons, Turkeys; and ſcveſi'
D rall

 
 

 

C — l

5 A NewSurog of the WeltIndies,

 

 

l rall ſorts of fruits. The third day at night we came to a great Town conliſting of
| near two thouſand inhabitants, ſome Spaniards, ſome Indians , called Xalappa de ts
Vera Crux. This Town in the year 1634. was made a new Biſhops Sea (the Biſhop-
xick of the Gity, called La Pnebla de los Angeles, being divided into two) and rhis be-
ing not above the third part of ir, is thought to be worth ten thouſand duckats a
\ear. Itftands ina very fertile foil for 1nd;ay Whear called AZajz , and fome Spaniſh
ſſ iWheat. There are many Townes about it of Jndjans; but \x{hat makes it rich,are ſithc
j tnany farmes of Sugar, and ſome which they call Eftaptiz's, rich farmes for breeding
| of Mules and Cattell; and likewiſe ſome Farmes of Cachinil. In chis Town there
| is but one great Church and an inferiour Chappell, both. belonging to a Cloiſter of
| Franciſcan Fryers, wherein we were lodged thar night and rhe .next day, being the
Lords day. Though the revenues of thus Cloiſter be great , yet it maintains nor a-
bove hal a dozen Fryers, where tweaty might be plencifully mainrained, that fo
thoſe few lubbers might be more abundantly , and like Epicures fed and nouriſhed.
| The Superiour or Guardian of this Cloiſter was no leſſe vain then the Prior of Sc. foba
| de Uibza; and though be were not of our profeſlion , yer he welcomed us with Rarely
* entertainment. Here and whereſoeyer further we travelled, we ftill found in the
| Priefts and Fryers looſeneſle of life , and their wayes and proceedings contrary 10 the
wayes of their profeflion , fiyorne to by a folemne Vow and Covenant. This Order
{ eſpecially ofthe mendicant Franciſcan Fryers voweth (befides chaſtiry and obedience)
} poyerty more ſtri&ly to be obſeryed, rhenany other Order gfthe Rom/ Church; for
' their Clothing ought to be courle fackcloth, rheir girdles made of hemp ſhould be no
| finer then ftrons halters, their ſhirrs ſhould be bur woollen , cheir legs ſhould know
H no ſockins, their feet no ſhoes, but at the moſt and beſt either wooden clogs,or ſandals
of hemp , their hands and fingers ſhould not ſo.much as rouch any money , nor they
have the uſe or poſſeſſion or propriety of any,, nor their journeys be made eafie with
the help of Hoxſes to carry them, but painfully they ought-to travail on foot; and_.
the breach of any of theſe they acknowledge to be a deadly and mortall ſin, with
| the guilt of a high ſoul-damning and. foul-curſing excommunication. . Yet for all
| theſe bonds and obligations, thoſe wretched Impes live in thoſe parts as though they }
£

had never vowed unto 'the Lord, ſhewing in their lives'that they have vowed what

they are not able to_performe. It was to us a ftrange and ſcandalous ſight to fee

herein Xa/appaa Fryer of the Cloiſter riding with his lackey boy by -his ſide, upona

goodly gelding, (having gone but to the Townes end, as we were informed, /to hear a

dying mans confeſſion) with his long habit rncked up to his girdle, making ſhew ofa fine

filke orange colour ftockin upon his legs, ,and-a 'neat Cordovan ſhoe upon his foor,

with a fine holland pair of drawers, with a lace three inches broad at knee. | This

ſight made us willing to pry- further into this- and the orher Fryers carriages, under

whoſe broad fleeves we could perceive their doublers quilted with filke,and at their wriſts

the laces of theix holland ſhirts. In theis talke we could' diſcern no mortification, bur

meer yanity and worldlinefſe. After ſupper ſome of them beganto ralk of carding and

dicing ; they challenged us that were but new comers to thoſe parts,toa Primera;which

though moſt of ours refuſed,ſome for want of. money, ſome for ignorance of that game,

yet at laſt with much ado they got two'ofour Fryers to joyn with two. of theirs ; fo the

cards were handſomely ſhufed, the viesandrevies were doubled,lofſe made ſome hor

and blinde with paſſion,sain made others eager and covetous; and thus was that religi-

ous Cloiſter made all night a gaming houſe, and ſworne teligious poverty turned into

profane and worldly Covetouſneſſe. We-'that bebeld ſome part of thenighr the game,

found enough, to. obſerve, for the more the ſport increaſed; ſcandals to the ſport were

added,both by drinking and ſfwearing that common/oath Yoro a Chriſto, : Voro a Dios, 'and

alſo by. ſcoffing and jearingart the. religious vowes of poyerty which they hadvowed ;

for one of the Franciſcans though formerly he had touched money, and with his fin-

Sers had laidit to the ſtake onthe table ; yet ſomerimes to_make the company laugh,

if he had chancedto winnea, double vie (and ſometimes the' vies and revies went round

of twenty. Patacons}) then would he takethe endof one fleeye of his habit, and open

wide the other broad ſleeve, and ſo; with his fleeve ſweep the 'money-into- his other

fleeve, faying, I have yowed not to tonch money, nor- to keep any, I meaned thena

naturall contad of it ; but.my fleeve may tonchit, and-myleeve may keep it:ſhewin |

with ſcoffes and jeſts of his lips, what religion wasin his heart. My. eares tinglehd wit
hearing

 
N  E nn anne

A New. Survey.of the Weſt-Indies, 27

hearing ſuch oathes, my tongue would: have uttered ſome' words of reproof, but that T
conſidered my {elf a. gueſtand ftranger-in a ſtrange houſe, and thar if any thingT ſhould
- fay, it would do no good;; ſo filently I departed to my reſt, leaving the Gameſters,
who continued till ſun-rifing, andin the morning I was informed thar the jeſting Fryer,
that rather, roaring Boy then religious Franciſcan, fitter for Sardanapalus or Epicurus his
Schoole, then to live ina, Cloiſter, had, loſt fourſcore and odde Patacons, his fleeve
( it ſeernes )  refuſing ro keep for him what he had vowed never to poſleſſe. HereI be-
gan to find out by experience of theſe. Franciſcans, that liberty and looſneſſe of life it
was that brought yearly ſo many Fryers and Jeſuires from Spain to thoſe parts, rather
then zeal of. Preaching the Goſpeland Converting Soules to Chrift, which 1ndeed be-
ing an act of higheſt Charity,they makea ſpeciall badge of the truth of their Religion :
But the looſnefle of their lives ſheweth evidently that the love of money, of vain-glory,
of Power.and Authority over the poor Tndians, is' their end and aime more then any
love of God. From Xalappa we went toa-place called by the Sparierds, La Rircmadr,
whichis no Town nor Village,and therefore not worth mentioning in ſuch a Rode as
nowIlamin; yet as famous in twothings, it muſt not be omirted amongſt greater
places. This place ſtands ſo far from any other Town, that Travellers can icarce make
their journeys without either baiting there at noon, or lying there at: nighr, or de-
clining three or four miles out of the Rode to ſome Indian Town. It is no more then
one houſe, which the Spaniards call Venta, or as our Engliſh, Innes, ſeated in the corner
of a Jow Valley, whichis the hotteſt place from St. Fobnde Ulbua to Mexico ; about it
are the beſt Springs and Fountains in all the Rode, and the water though warme with
the heat of the Sun,yet as ſweet as any Milk.The Inne-keepers knowing well the Spaniards
hear, thar it ſeeks cooland refreſhing drink, have ſpeciall care ſo to lay inwater in great
earthen Veſſels; which they ſet upona moiſt and wateriſh Sand, that it is fo cold thar it
maketh the teeth to.chatter. This ſweetneſle and this coolneſſe together of thar water in
ſo: hot and ſcorchinga Country, was to usawonder, who could find no other refreſh-
ment from that extraordinary heat. Beſides our Proviſion here of Beef, Mutton, Kid,
Hens, Turkeys, Rabbets, Fowles,and eſpecially Quailes, was ſo plentifull and cheape,
thatwe were aftoniſhed at it. The Valley and Country abour it is very rich and
fertile, full of Spaniſh. Farmes of Sugar, and Cochinil, - Spaniſh and Indian Wheate.
Bur what makerh me more_ eſpecially remember this Venta , or Inne, is, for that
though Art andexperience of man have found a way to provide for Travellersin ſo hor
a place cool and refreſhing water , and God have givenit the fweetnefle of Malk , and
to the placeſuch abundance of Provifion ; yet all this in the day only is comfortable
and pleaſant ; but in rhe night the Spaniards callir, Cmfites en infierno, that is to fay,
Cumfits in hell , for not only the heat is ſo extraordinary, thar it is impoſſible to be
feeding without wiping away the continuall ſweat of the Face , whoſe drops from
the Browes are alwayes ready to blind our eyesandto fill with ſauce our diſhes, but
the ſwarmes of Gnatsare ſuch that waking and fleeping no deviceof manis able to
keep them off. True it is, moſt of us had our Pavilions which we carried with us to
hang about and oyer our beds, but theſe could not defend us from thar piercing and
ſtinging Vermine, which likes Fgypts Plague of Frogs would be ſureto be in eyery place,
gi and through our Curtains to come upon our very Beds. Yet in the day they are
not ; but-juit ar Sun-ſetting they begin to ſwarme about, and ar Sun- riſing away they
oe. Affter a moſt tedious and rroubleſome night, when we found the rifing of the

 

7 Sun had diſperſed and baniſhed them away, we thought it beſt for us to fleeaway from
1[0 that place with them ; and ſo from thence early we departed to a Town as pleaſant
W and fertilland abounding with Proviſion as this Rinconada, and free from fuch buſie
w : gueſts and individuallMates and Companions as the night before had intruded them-
uy ſelves upon us. The next night we got to a Town called Segura, inhabited both-by
G; Indians and Spaniards, confiſting of about a thouſand Inhabitans; here again withour
6 any charges we were ſtately entertained by Franciſcan Fryers, as light and vain glorious
}, as thoſe of. Xalajpa. - This Town had its firſt beginning and foundarion from” Hernando
d Cortez, andis called Segura dela Frontera, being builtup by him for a Frontier Town

0 to ſecure the Spaniards that came from St. Jobn de Ulbua to Mexico, againſt the Culbu-
f acansand people of Tepeacae, who were allied tothe Mexicans, and ſo much annoyed
4 the- Spaniards. But what moſt incenſed Eortez,was, that after his firſt repulſe from Mext-
| &, the Indiancinſulting overhim and the reft of Iþ)is Company, whom they heardbhad

2 cen

 
 

TNwSuoo of the WeltIndies,

 

been dangerouſly wound=d, and were retired to' Tlaxcallan to' recover and ſtrengthen
themſh\v?s- the rywo Towns, Gulbua and Tepeacac, Fhen-zctn League wu:h_ the Mexz-:
oxtns avainf Cortez and the Town of Tlaxcallan, ly}ng in wait-for the Spaniards ,ſſtook
ryitlye of rhem, and facrificed chem alive t6 their 1dols and ecat th_elr fleſh. Where-
503 Cortez Uefired Maxixca, a chief Captain of Tlaxcallan , and divers other Gen-
theneh of thir Town to goe with him and to help- him ro be avenged ofthe people
of Tepeacac for rhe cruelty ufed to twelve of his Sp{zniard:, and for the dayly and great
burt they alfo did to the Inhabitants of Tlaxcallan th_h the help of their allied friends
the Ciltmacans and Mexicans. Maxixca and the 'chief of Tlaxcallan forthwith entred

upon

- 35ro. connſell with rhe States and Communalty'of the Town, and 'there deterinined

with generall conſent to- give unto him forty thouſfand figl}ting men, beſides many
{amemez, whoare foot Carriers, to bear the Baggage , Victuall, and other things.
With this number of Tlaxcalteca's, his own'men, and horfes, Cortez went to Tepeacac,
requiring'them in fatisfation of the death of the twelve Chrlſhans,_thatl they ſhould
now yeeld themſelves to the obedience of the Emperour and King of Spain his Maiter,
and hereafter never more to receive any Mezcan into their Town or houſes, neither yer
any of the Province of Culbua. The Tepeacacs anſwered that they had flain the Spa-
mards for good and juſt caule, which was that being time 'of War , they preſumed

ro paſſe though their Country by force withourt their- will and licenſe. And alſo that.

the Mexicans and Culbuacans were their friends and Lords, whom alwayes they would
friendly entertain within their Town and houfes, refuſing utterly their offer and re-
queſt , poreſting to give no obedience to who they knew'nor, wiſhing them there-
fore to return incontinent ro Tlaxcallan, except they had defire ro.endtheir weary dayes,
and to be facrificedandeaten up as their twelve triends had 'been. 'Cortez yet-invited
them many times with peace; and ſeeing'it prevailed not, he began his Wars in earneſt.
The Tepeacacs with the favour of 'the Calbuacans were brayeand luſty, and began to
ſtop and defend the Spaniard; entrance into'their Town. 'And 'beiiig many in number
with divers valiant men among themn, began to skirmiſh ſundry 'rimes ; bur at the end
they wzre overthrown, and many flain withour killing aty Spamard, although many
Tlaxcalteca*s were killed that day. - The Lords and principull Perſons 'of Tepeacac' fee-
ing their overthrow, and thar their ſtrengrh could not prevail, yeelded themſelves
unto Cortez. for Vaſlals of the Emperour with condition to- banitſh for ever their allied
friends of Culbua; andthat he ſhonld puniſh and corre& at his will and pleaſure all
thoſe which were occaſion of the death'of the twelve Spaniards. For which cauſes and
obſtinacy , at the frſt Cortez judged by his:ſentence that'all the Towns which had
been. privy to the murther , ſhould for ever remain Caprives and flaves; 'others affirm
that he overcame them withourt any condition, and corrected them for their diſobedi-
ence, being Sodomites, Idolaters andearers of mans fleſh, and chiefly for example of all
others. Andin concluſton,they were condemned for flaves; and withintwenty days that
theſe .Wars laſted, -he pacified all rhar Province, which is very great, he drave from
thence the Culbuacans, he threw down the Tdols, nd the chiefeſt perſons obeyed him.
Andfor moreafſuratce he built there this Town, naming .it Segura de Ia Frontera, ap-
pointing all Officers for the purpoſe, whereby the Chriſtians and ftrangers might paſſe
withour danger from Vera Crux to Mexico. This Town likewiſe, as all the reft from
St. Fobn 'de Ulbuato Mexico, is very plentifull of proviſion, and many ſorts of fruits,
namely Plantins, Sapotzes, and Chiooſapcites, which have within a great black. kernell as
bigas our horſe Plum, the fruit ir felf is as red within as Scarler, as ſiweet as Honey ;
but the Chicoſaporte, is leſſe, and ſome of them red, ſome brown coloured, and fo juicy
thar ar the cating the juice like drops of honey fall from' them , and the ſmell is
likeunto a baked Pear. Here likewife were preſented unto us'Clufſters of Grapes as
Hair asavyin Spain, whichwere welcome untous, for that we-had feen none fince we
came from Spam,and we ſfaw by them that the Country thereabouts would be very
fit for Vineyards, if the King of Spain would 'grant the planting of Vines in thoſe
parts; which often he harh refuſed'ro'do, leſt 'the Vineyards there ſhould hinder
the Trading and Trafique beriyeen Spain and thoſe parts," which certainly had they
but Wine, needed norany commerte with Spain. This Town is of a more temperate
Climate then”any *other from Vera Erux to Mexico, and- the people who formerly
had*been eaters/of Mans fleſh; now as civill and politick, as loving-and curteous asa-

&4 ny

R R EEe n I ineer eD CRN CCC— — — —  —— — —

 
then
Mexi.
took
Netec
Grn-
tople
oreat
riends
ftred
Mined
Many
hings.
eacae,

hould

 

  

 

A _New Survey of the W eſt-Indies,

any inche rode. From whence we declined a little out of our way more Weſtward (the

rode deing North-weſtward) only to fee that famous Town. of Tlaxcallay, wholeinha.
birants joyned with {or2ez, and we may fay were-the chicfinftruments of that great and
uoparalleld Conquelt,

 

Cuavyr. X.

Wherein is {et down the eftate and condition of the great Town of Tlaxcallan,when

- the firſt Spaniards entred the Empire of Mexico Cortez his firſt encounter

with the Tlaxcalteca's their league with him, with a deſcription of the Town ;
and of the eſtate and condition of it now,

Laxcallan being worth all the reſt ofthe Towns and Villages between St. Zohn de
T UVlhua and MexicozIthought it not fit to parallel-it with the others in naming
it briefly and paſſing by itasa Traveller ; but rather T judged it convenient, and beſeem-
ing my. preſent Hiſtory, torecord to/poſterity with one whole Chaprer, the' greatneſle
of it, and the valour ofits inhabitants, from/the conqueſt of America made by  Hers
»ando (ortez:Who being upon his march to AZex1co, and having arrived to Zacloran,and
beins 1nformed that the 7/axcalreca”s were men of valour, and enemies to Aontezuma
the Emperour of 24ex3co, thought ithis beſt policy to joyne with them againft the
Lexicans. -

Whereupon'he diſpatchedunto them four 7:4;aus of a Town called Zempoallan,as
Ambaſſadours to acquaint:rhem of his coming into thoſe parts, and of his'defire-to! vi-"
fit their Town, not for any harm he intended to them, but rather - for their good. '
The Tlaxcalteca's fearing (ortez, and judging hima friend of Monteznma, becauſe uport
his way to/ viſite him;;' and having heard of the'many coftly preſents'which .che Empe-
rour hadſentunto him ; they reſolved to refiſt his comins, and'to ſend him noanſwer
to his'ambaſſage ; but took the four 'Meſſengers which he had ſent, *and impriſoned
them, minding to facrifice them unto their Gods as Eſpies: (orrez ſeeing thelong tar-'
rying of the Meſſengers, departed from'Zzc/otan, without 'any intelligence from 7/ax-
callan.” *His'Camp hadnot marched much after their departure from thar place,, but
they: came toa great*circuit of ſtonie'made withour lime or morter,  being ofa fadome*
and a halfhigh, and twenty foot broad; with loupe holes to ſhoot at ; 'this wall croſ-
ſedever a whole valley, from one monntain to- another, and but one only entrance or
gate, in the which'the-one wall doubled againſt the' other, and the way there was
fourty paces broad; in'ſuch ſort thatit was'amevill and perillous paſlage, " if any had
been there to defend it. {{r8&-demarided the cauſe of that circuir, and who. had built
it ; the' 7:dians that wentwith him, told'him that it was but a diviſion from their Coun=
trey and Tlaxcallan, and thattheir Anteceſſors had made the ſame to-difturbe the en=
trance of the Tlaxcalteca'sintime of War, who cameto rob and murther them becanſe
of the friendſhip betwixt 'them and ontezwma, whoſe vaſſals they were. That ftrange
andcoſtlywall femedathing of great majeſty to the Spanzards, and more ſuperfluous
then profitable, yet they ſuſpe&ed that the Tlaxcalteca's were valiant Warriers, who
had fuch defence madeagainſt them. * But Correz ſetting all fear aGde, with three hun«
dred Souldjers 0n a rank, entred the way-in the wall, and proceeded in' good order
all the way forwards, carrying the Ordinance ready charged, and he himſelf the Lea«
der of all his Army, and ſometimes hewould behalfa'league beforethem, to diſcover
and make the way plain.'” And having gonethe ſpace of three leagues from that circuit,
he commanded his Foot-mento makehaſte, becauſe it was ſomewhar lare, and he with
his Horſe-men went-to deſcry the way forwards, who aſcendingup a' hill, rwo. of the
formoſt Horſe-men met withfifteen 7#diazsarmed with ſwords, and'targets, and tuffes'
of feathers; which they:nſed to wear: inthe Warres.” 'Theſe fifteen being Spies,when
they faw- the- Horſe-men; - began 'to -flie with fear;;-or. elſe ro give advice. Buc
Cortez approching with other three Horſe-men calledro_them to ſtay; which they by

- no means would hearken unto; till ſix more Horſemen'ran after them, and overtook
them. The- 7:4;axs then joyning all together with determination rather to die chen

to yeeld, ſhewed to the Spariard; ignes to fiancſi Rill.
3

But the Horſe-men comingto-
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j10 ds-0n*tliemy they preparedtheniſelves/to battel;andfought; defendingthemſelyes

ſſyſſſihſiſihng_ in-chis fightthe /ndianrlew two: of their Horſes; and (as' the: Spavimrds:do

wicneſſe) at! two blowes they-cut offa-Horſe headbridleandalt;Fhencamethe reſt: of
the Horfemen,the Army alſo of the 1adians approached,for there wereindighe near five
thouſand of them in good order, to ſuccour their fifteen tighting men ; bur they came
£00 late for that purpoſe, for they were all flain by the Spaniſþ fury, becauſethey
would not render themſelves in timez and had kifled two oftheir Horſes. Yet not-
withſtanding their fellowes fought,untill they eſpied the Spans/b Army coming,and the
Ordinance; then they, recurned leaving the fieldto the Sparigrds, whoſe Horſe-men fol-
lowed them;, and* flew abour 'ſeventy | of them, without receivingany hurt. Witlt
thisthe” 774;x)/s peſteiving the'great advantage whichthe" Spayiards had: againit them
witly their Borſes"and meaning to'come upon'them'ſabtillywitha/more - powerfull-Ar-
my.that they might the better deceive andidelude them,they ſenrunto Corres two ofthe
four Meſſengers which had been ſent unto them with other. 1nd5ans, faying, that they
of Tlacallan knew norhing of the: things: that had happened,. certifying ,l—ikewſſxſe.that
thoſe. with whojm-he(had fought,/were of other communities, and not. of| tlieir juriſ-
diction, being ſorrowfull-for that which, had/paſſed, and-for-ſo.imuch as\it. happened
initheir journey, they would willingly'pay for thetwo Horſes which were -flain, -pray-
ingthemto.come ingood time'to; their-Town,; who: would %).Iadly receive them, and
encer into._their league of friendſhip,. becauſe they ſeemed:to be -valiant/ men-z But all
this wasa feignedand-a falſe meſſage. Yet.Correx-beleeved them, and gave-them thanks
for their-courteſie and-good will; and that. actordingto their requeſt he; would goe
unto their Town, and accept their friendſhip. And touching the dearh of his. Hores,
herequired.norhing; for chatwithinſhort time he.expeRted-many: more ;z. yet ſorrow-
fult hewas;not-ſo much-forthe-want of themy as that. the ©»d;4ns ſhould;thinke that

fotiaw!

Hovſes could die or be flain,.Correz proceeded-forwards-about: two leagues; where' che

Horſes werekilled;although'is wasalmoſt fun-ſet;and hismen wearied, having. travelled
far-that day. :Heiplanred-his Army by aziver ſide,, remaining all that night with good
wateh:both of Foor-men and Horſe-meny fearing fome afſault;;. bur' there -was|, .no. at-
rempe given 'that night, The next-morning at-fin xiſing, ” Corzes departed with: his| Ar+
my.in-good orderp/and-inthe-midit of them; went the Fardage and Artillery, and after
alittle marching rheyi met with ;the! othes rwo Meſſengers wham they had ſent from
Zaclotay; they came with pitifill. exies- exelaiming,of the: Captains; of the [/power! of
Tlaxcalianwhohad bound themand-detained-them: from recarning ;- but- with, good
fortune'that night they had broken loqſe,] andeſcaped ; for otherwiſe -in the morning
following they had been fact1ficedto'the: God pb-witory, and after.the facrifice, they
had been caten-for a good beginning of the Wars,;  the /4axcalrec#s//proteſting, to doe
the-like t9 the bearded mem(for-ſo-they. termed-thes, Spaniards).and to.as many-/as, came
with them.. They had-no- ſooner -told their tale;when: thereappeared behin: a-lictle hill
about a thouſand ' [wajans, verywell appointedafter their faſhion; and-camewith.ſuch a
marvellousnoiſeand ery, asthough theit voices ſhould have-pierced. the heavens;-hur-
lingat the :Sparszrds, ſtones, darts, and- ſhot-,with-bowes and arrowes.” Cirtez made
many_ toketis of-peace unt9 ;them;.and. by his* Interpreters - defired-them-to. leave
the, batrail: +Bur. ſo-much the more as he intreated: for peace;|the moxe haſtyand .,gar-
neſt were theyythinking either to-overcomethem,!or elſe_to hold them play, to-the-in-
xent that the Spaniz?dr ſhould follow thent"to@ certain ambuſh-that was-prepared for
them; of more then ' fourſcore_thouſfand: men»; Herethe Spaniards begaii; to cealſe
from words,/and rolay. hand-npon their weapons; for that.company,of :a-xhouſand
wereas many.asdnthe Spaniardt lide were fAighting men.; though-chey wete wellpractty
ſedinthe Wars,, very valiant;; andalfo pitchedina better place for fight./ This .bat=
mil-cnduted certaintioures, andat-rhe. end rhe-4:d5ans being.  either wearied, or \elſe
meariingto! takethe Spaimkardtintheſnareappointed, began to flie cowards the mairt
battail, not a&qvercome, - but tp:joyne with-cheir-own fide;! /The Spaniards-being hot
inthe fightand.liughter, which was:not/ little;; followed them, with: all cheir fardage,
andunawares felhinto the ambuſh; aniong an/infinite number. of Zodians armed; they

Kayedrior;, becauſe- they worldnotput: themſelves our; of order, and paſſed through .

their campemith-great haſtand-fear: The Indiaxs began tofet upon the 'Spanr;/p Horle-

med; thinking to havetakentheir lances from-them, - their courage was fo ſtout ; ma-

ny:of the Spaniards hadthere perifhied, bad it not been for. their /wdian friends , %hg
4

 

 
4 New Surveyaf the: W eſt-Indies.

hadicome;withirhemfnom Zempaallancand! Z aclotan. Likewiſe the: courage of Cortez, did
much animate. them;for alchough he:led bis-Anmy-makingway; yet divers,times he turned
him back-to-place-liismen im ovder, and:to-comfort zhem, andar length.came out of that
dangerous way and; ambuſh,' wherethe:Horſes might help, and'the Ordinance ftand in
ſead, which two-things.did geeatly-amnoy the 1:d5as totheir great wonder and marvell,
and at the fight thereofbeganito» flie.. In both: incounters; remained many 12d;ans flain
and wounded, andiof.the: Spuniargs foriewere hurt, bur-none' killed, who gave moſt
hearty thanksunto/God for: their delivery from fo great a. multicude as were fourſcore
thouſand, againft onethouſandonly of 1udians and Spariards joyned together. The 1u-
dians of Zempoallamand Z aclotan did play:the valiantmen thar day ,wherefore Cortez ho-
nared them-with, hearty thanks. - Then they: wene' ro pitch their Campe in a village
called Troaratsnco,wherewasa little; Fower and a Temple,and there fortified themſelves.
The night-followiug.the-Spanzardsilept:not- quietly with tear of a third Invation of the
T laxcalteea' 4. As foonasit was day Cartez fent to the Caprtains of Tlixcallan to require'
thern of peaceand friendfhip,willing them-quierly to.ſuffer them ro- paſſe through their
Country:to 24exico,for that they meanc them:no huxt, but rather good will.The anfiver
of the Captains of T laxiallan was,thar thenext day-they would come and talke with him
and declare their minds. Corgez waswell. prepared that-night, for. the anfiver liked him
not, but racker ſeemed brave, and-a/marter determined ro-be-done, asfome had rold him
(whom-he raok priſoners)who likewiſe certified thar- the7/axcalreca's were joyned toge-
ther to:the number of a,.bundred and fifry-thouſand men: to give bartail:the next c%ay
following,and to fwallow up alive the Spariards whom fo mortally they did hate; think-
ingthem. to-be friendsunto the Emperour .dorrexama,unto whom they wiſhed all evill
and miſchief, : Their intent.was therefore with all their whole power to apprehend the
bearded men, dndto make! of-them a' more. ſolemn, Sacrifice unto their Gods then at
any, time they: bad/ done,,witha: generall banguer. of their fleſh, which they called
Celoſtiall. 4 ;

The Captains of T'laxcallan divided their Souldiers into four Battails; the one to
Tepeticpae;angtherte; Acorelulco, the.thirdto T:3zatlan, and the fourth to Quabuiz-
zlas, thatjs.ta fay,. the-men, of the Mountains, the men of the Limepits,'' the:men of
the: Pinetrees, 4nd the. Watermen z: all theſe four ſorts. of men did make the Body of
the Common-wealth of T'/axoculian, and-commanded both in time of War and Peace.
Every of theſe. Captains: had his juſt portion or number. of Warriers, but rhe Generall
.of all the-whole Army was-called Xicorencal, who was of  the Limepits ; and he had
the Standardiofthe Common-wealth, which isa Crane of gold with his wings ſpread,
adorned with Emeralds. and;.filyer : work , which  Standard was according to - their
uſe. either.carried boforethe whole Hoſt, or  elſe behind them all. » The Lieutenanc
Generall ofthe|Army! was-Aavixcazin; 'and the number of the whole Army was 'a
hundred-and fifrythouſand men.. : Such a great number. they had- ready againſt four”
hundred Spaniards,and ſeveni hundred Tydians of Zempoalian and Zaclotan, and yet at
length overcome; andafter-this fight they were the greateſt friends that Correz had in-
thoſe iparts;i againſt -foptezama.-: Theſs Captains came with their Companies, that
the fields -where they were ſeemed a' Forreft. They were'gallant fellowes and well
Armed.according to theit. uſe, although they were painted, ſothar their faces ſhewed
Aike.Devils; with. great tuffes-of Feathers, and they boaſted gallantly. Their Weapons'
and; Armar; were:iSlings, Staves, Speares,.. Swords, Bowes and: Arrowes, Sculles,
Splinites;: Gantlets,-all of .Wood, -guilt - or elſe covered with Feathers or Lea..
'ther.z their.-Corſclets.-were made of ' Cotten Wook, their Targers and Bucklers
gallant'and;ſtropg; made of /Wood: covered with Leather, and trimmed with Lat-
ren,-and feathers,; their..Swords . were ſtaves with an- edge of flint ftone cunningly
Jjoynediinto the ſtaffe, which would cut very well and make a ſore wound. ' Their in-
Brumentsof War werehunters hornes,; and:Drummes called Araballsmade like a Cal-
dron-andcoyered-with Viellam.. So- that the Spaniards -in all their diſcovery of 7ydia
did never: ſeea! better Army.:together,-[nor :better ordered; that which I could not
'omit. ro ſpeakof ,here, having come inthe! order of :'my-hiſtory to Tlaxcallay, where
'this numerous and gallant [udian Army was'ſer: forth, - againſt 400 Spaniards and 660
indians their fitiends: |.Thele Jud;ans thus-ordered inBatralia bragged very much a-
gaink :the Spaniards; andiaidamongt:themielves, What mad peopleare theſe bearded
men that: threaten vs,.and-yetknownus not?' But if chey will be ſo bold ro invade-

: ouy

 
RK ——————

 

A New Survey of the Weſt-Indics.

*ovr Country without. our licence; let usnot ſer/-upon them*-ſo ſoon, itis meet they
Om: Coſſtſſtffgeſſſſl%m we have time enough to-take and bindthem; let us alſo ſend them
ha\:tctfor they are come with empty ftomachs, and ſo.they ſhall not ſay thar we do ap-=
meeheſſqd them with wearineſſe and hunger. Whereupon- they ſent unto the Spaniards
ſireecthundred Turkey  cocks and two hundred: baskets of bread, called Cezrl; ; the
; 'hich preſent was a great ſuccour and refreſhment for the.need the Spaniards fſtood in.
Xnd ſoon after, Now ( ſfay they ) let us go andſet upon them, for by this time they
havecaten their meat, and now wewill eat them, and ſo ſhall they pay us the vicuals
that we ſenr. Theſe and fuch like brags they uſed, ſeeing ſo' few Spaniards before them,
and not knowing the ſtrength of their Ordinance againſt their ſo numerous an Hoſt.
Thenthe four Captains ſent two thouſandof their valianteſt men of, War, and old
Souldiers, ro take the Spaniards quietly, with commandement that if they did reſift
either ro binde them, orelſe to kill them, meaning not to ſet their whole Army upon
them, faying, that they ſhould ger but ſmall honour for ſo great a multitude to tight a-
oainft ſo few. The two thouſand Souldiers paſſed the trench that was berwixt the two
&ampes,and came boldly to the Tower 'where the Spariards were. Then came' forth
the Horſe-men, and after them the Foot-men,  and at. the” firſt encounter, they made
the 1nd5ansfeel how the Iron ſwords would cut ; at'the ſecond, they ſhewed of what
force thoſe few in number were, ofwhom a little before they had fo jeſted ; but at
the third brunt, they made thoſe luſty Souldiers flie, who were come to apprehend
them, for none of them eſcaped, but only a few ſuch as knewthe paſſage of the tren-
ckes or ditch. Then the main Battail and whole Army fſet forth with a terrible and
marvellous noiſe, and came fo fierce upon the Spaniards, till they entred into their
Campe without any refiſtance, and there wereat handy ſtrokes with the Spaniards, and
in a good ſpace could not get them out, many-of them being killed, which were ſo bold
ro enter. \Inthis ſort they fought four houres;' before they' could make way among
their enemies. Then the 1-4;ans begn to faint, ſeeing ſo many. dead on their ſide,and
the great wounds they had, andchat they could- kill none - of 'the Chriſtians; yet the
battail ceaſed not, tillic drew-near, nighr , andthen they: retired.  Whereof Correz
and his Souldiers were exceeding glad, for they were fully wearyed with killing of [nd;-
ans. The next-day in the morning Correz. went forth to run the fields.as he had d_one
. before, leaviug half his mento keep the Campe ; and becauſe he ſhould nor be eſpied,
he departed before day,and: burned about ten"Towns, and facked one Town , which
was of three thouſand houſes, in the which were found but few people; becauſe the
moſt ofthem were gone to their Campe. Afrer the ſpoile he ſer fire onthe Town, and
came hisway to his Campe with a great prey by noon-time. The Tydiays perſued
thinking to take away their prey,and followed theminto the Campe,where they fought
five houres, and could nor kill one Spaniara, although many of their fide were flain; for
eyen as they were many, and ſtood 0n a throns together, the Ordinance madea wonder-
full ſpoil among them, fo that they left off fighting, and the viory remained for the
Spaniards, whom the 1ndians thought were inchanted, becauſe their Arrowes could not
hurt them. The nexr day following, the four Caprains ſent three ſeverall things'in pre-
ſent to Cortez, andthe meſſengers thar brought them ſaid, Sir;behold here five flaves,and
ifthou be thar rigorous God, that eateſt mans fleſh and bloud, eat theſe which we brin
unto thee,and we will bring thee more. And if thou be the gentle and meek God, beholk
here frankincenſe and feathers. And if thou be a mortall:man, take here fowle,breadand
cherries. Correz anſwered, that both he andhis were mortall men even-as they were.
And becauſe that alwayes he had uſed to tell them truth, wherefore did they-uſe to tell
him lies, and likewiſe to flatter him ? for hedeſired to be their friend, adviſing them' not
ro be mad andtubbornin their opinion, for if they ſo did, aſſuredly they ſhould receive

 

 

great hurt and dammage.

Notwithſtanding this anſwer, there came again about thirty thouſand of them' e-
ven to Cortez his Campe,toprove their corſlets, as they had done the day before, bur
they returned with broken pates. Here isto be noted, thar although the firſt-day /the
whole Hoſt of 1dians cameto combare withthe Span;ards ; yet the next day they:did
not ſo, but eyery ſeverall Captain by himſelf, for to divide the better the travail
and pains equally among them; and becauſe rhar one ſhould nor diſturbe another
through the multirude, conſidering that they ſhould fight burwith a few,andiin a nar-
row place; and for this conſideration their battails were more freſh and firong, for

each

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

.4 p
V-eſt-Indies.
J each Captaim:dideontend'who ſhoutd:do-moſt-yaliantly :for ro'get honour, and eſpe=
- pecially 1n killing one-Spexiard; for they:thoughtithar all their hurtsſhould be fatisfied
b- with the death of one Spanzard, or:taking oneipriſoner.'': Likewile is' to be 'conſidered
ri the'iſtrangeneſſe- of their battail', for/ notwithitanding,'theircontroverſie fifteen days
the that they. werethere, wherher they fought oring; 'they: ſent-unto the Spaniards cakes
» of -bread, Turkey»cocks and cherries.”: But this policy,was n6t-'to igive them that, mear
Ky for: go0d.will , -bur only-ro-eſpie and ſee, what-hurt -was:done amongſt them;and alſo
wls to {ee'what fear or fttomach they! had ro-proceed: »» But: finding by their manyſpies that
_ the iSpaniards were nothing -daunted nor-diminiſhed,” they reſolved to ſend unto Cortes;
ul. Xicotencatl, who' waschief and generall- Caprain-in Tlaxcaian'and of all the Warres ;
old he brought in-his.company fifty perſons of. authority to keepthim company. They ap-
elilt proached\near where'Cortez was, andifalutedeachtother according to the uſe of their
pon country-- Their ſalutations ended; and-the  parties being {er. down; Xicotencat! be-
Its- gan the talke;ſaying,” Sir, Lam come on my own behalf and alſo-of my fellow Cap-
im0 rainand Lieutenant Maxixca , andin-thenameof many other -noble"perſviiiges,” and
forh finally:in'cthe'name of thes whole'State and Common-wealrh' of Tixcallan; ro-beſeech
made and pray you to.admit usinto- your'friendſhip 2:and ro yeeld*our Jelves and'Countrey
what unto your King, .cravingalſo atyourthand pardonfor our attempr in taking up armes
t at againlt you, we not knowing what-you were,  npr what youdought for ih out Coun-
lend trey.. " And where we preſumed to refiſt and defendyourentrance; we did' ir as'aSainſt
ren ftrangers whom \we knew not, an_d-ſuch men: as we;;hadmeyer-heretofore: ſeei;”and
2nd fearing' alſo that youhad been friends' to” Montezulmas, who61s) and afvayes Hith'been
'thir our:moitallenemy.; And'we hadrather allingenerall rocend"ou lives}, ther'tbpur
{,and our{clyesin ſubjection tohim'z> for we' think-outr>ſelves'as valiane men%in \wufage as
bad our fore-fathers were ,” who-alwayes have refiſted apainft him and his grand-father; who
norg wasas fnightyias now- is he. We would alſo have withftood-you and your forte, biit we
m couldnor, aithough"we provedall-our poſſibility'by nightand''day, *and found your
"th firength-1nvincible, andweno lucke againſt you. ' Thereforeiſince our fareis fach;we
w; _had rather befubject unto.you thenunto/ any-others;; for we-have known"atid'heard
m of the \Zempoallanezes,- that you do no evill,, n6r c#me not towvexe any, but were nioſt
lone valiant and happy,” as they have. ſeen in the Warres, ' being:ir your company. - For

we whichconfideration, we trult that our-liberty*ſhall-not be diminifhed, biit rather'our
P own perſons, wives and families better preſerved}-and our hiiſes 'and husbandry not

F}Ȝſiſict .deſtroyed. -And itſome of his talke, the 'tears/trickling downjhis cheeks, he beſought
ſi"ſſ*; Cortez\to :weigh-that "Tlaxcallan did never at attytimeacknowledge any fuperiour Lord
ſiſid or King, noratianytime had comeany perſon;among chem-'ro! colmmand, bur only he,
i whom now they did yoluntarily ele&tand:chooſe 48 their Supetiour and Ruler. *Cortez
gir much rejoyce< wirtrhis ambaſſage;: and' ro ſee ſuch a mighty Eaprain, who”coniman-
w ded a huridredandfifty-thoufandSouldiers,- come unro his Campe toſubmiit himſelf;
l : Judging it alſo-mattey of great weight to havethar Common-wealth in ſubje&ion;'for
ihe the .cnterpriſ@xvhichhe had/ in hand , whereby he fully made-an account?" thir the
Inot Wars were atianend:ro thegreat contentation 'of him and'his company; arid/ with
l grear fame and repntationambng'theTndiarr; '2S0 with a merryandloving countenante
jl be anſwered, laying firſtto their charge; the hureanddamage'which he hadrecaved' in
-'ſi:f their Country;! becanſe they refuſed arthe firftt6*hearken unto-him , and-quietly'to
o ſuffer him roenter into their Countrey, ashe hadrecairedand defired by his meſſengers
nl .ſenrunto theny from?Zaclotan. » Yer all this notwithſtanding he did both'pardon the
ſe, 'killing of hisrwo' Horſes,” the affanlting of him/in' the high way, and* the hes 2 which
ell they had moſtcraftily uſed-with him, (for whereasThey themſelves foughr againft him,
not yet'they'laid the fault/to'others) likewiſe their pretence to murther him in'the-ambnſh
ſe prepared for him*(enticing him to-come to their Town ) wirhout makings firft defi.
; ance according/to*the law- of 'Arms. Yet-theſe injuries notwithſtanding, he'did fo-
B vingly receive .their offer madein ſubjeion to the Emperour, and that very ſhortly he
ut would be with' him-in Tlaxcallan. *At this fame time there were Ambaſſadours from
he Montezuma with Cortez., whoigrieved much to ſee the League that was now beginning
bd . berween'theTlaxcaltecs"rand the-Spaniards ; they adviſed Cortez to giye no'credir wnto
il them, -aying they'meanr' nothing bur*rreaſon,” and lies, and to 'lock them up'in
q Tlaxcallan. * Cortez anſwered-the Ambaſſadours', that although their advice wete tiiie,
: -yethedid determine'to go thither, for thar he feared them lefſe n the Town then }iſi
C ene
1

 
 

 

4 New Swon o the WelTudic,

—+ 4. They. hearing this anſwer and determination , beſought himto give: unto

B Z?SfiemTlRZce ro regturn unto. Mexice, toadvertiſe Montezame of all that was-paſt,
mſilſi, an anſwer. to their. ambaſſage, - promiſing within ſix' dayes to have newes trom
Xlſſffijcto- and till then prayed him not-to depart with _hls Ca_mpe. Cortez gra_ntf_:d their
requEſſ andabode there the time appointed, expeRtingtheir anſwer, and within him-
ſelt rejsycmg to ſee how the Mexicans began'to fear, 'that his peacewith the Tlazcal-
teca's wouldbe their ruine and deſtruction., as indeed afterwards 'it proved. In this
mean ſeaſon came many of Tlaxcallan to the Campe, 'ſome brought Turkey cockes, 0-
ther brought bread andicherries, with merry countenances, defiring them to goe home
with them unto their houſes. The fixt day the Mexican Ambaſſadour came according to
promiſe, and brought unto Cortez ten jewels of gold, both richand, well wrought,
and fifteen thouſand garments of Corten exceeding gallant,and mott carneftly beſought
him on the behalf of, Montezuma, that he ſhould not danger himfelf in truſting ro the
words of the Tlaxcalteca's, who were ſo poor that with neceſlity they would rob him
of _the things and preſents which his Maſter had ſent him, yea and likewiſe murther
him, knowing of the triendſhip berween his Maſter and him. Ar the very fame time
all the chiefeſt Lords of Tlaxcallan came to intreat him- to goe with them to Tlaxcallan,
where he ſhould be cheriſhed, lodged and well provided : for it wasa great diſhonour
and ſhame unto them. to permit ſuch perſonages to abide in fuch vile cottages, as they
werein. Andif(faid they) you truſtus not; then weare ready to give you for your
ſecurity whatſoever pledges or gages you ſhall demand. And they did both fwear and
faichfully promiſe thar they 'mighr ſafely go, with them ; faying alſo that rhe Oath
and Faith of their Common-wealth ſhould never be broken for all the goods- in the
world. .,Thus was Cortez 0n both fides earneſtly ſolicited, and intreated; the Mexicans
fearing' his League and friendſhip with the ,Tlaxcalteca's, and theſe hoping thar his
friendſhip with them, would be their chief protection agaimſt the tyranny of Montezu-
ma. Bur Cortez aiming chiefly at the Empire of Mexico , _whlch Montezuma his diſſem-
bled friendſhip would never help him to enjoy ; and feeing the good will of fo many
gentlemen his new friends of Tlaxcallaz ,. the moſt mortall enemies of Montezuma ,
and likewiſe the Indims of+ Zempoallan, of whom he had good credir, did ſo impor-
tune him, andafſure him of his going, he commanded his Fardage to be laden, and
alſo his Ordinance,- and departeditoward Tlaxcallan, with as good order as it had
beento a batrail; and atthe Tower where he had pitched his Camp, he left certain croſſes
for a memory witha great heap of ſtones (which till this day remain in the place,
and my felfhave ſeen them). and entred into 7/axcallan the eighteenth of September,
There came ourt ſuch a mulcicude of people.to ſee him and to meet him in the way, that
it wasa wonder to ſee. He was lodged in the greateſt Temple, which had many
great and fair lodgings ſufficient forhim and all his company , -except rhe Indians of
Zempoallan and Zaeltan his friends , who were lodged in other Temples. He ſer cer-
rain limirs, out of the which he commanded itrairly that none of -his company ſhould
paſſe upon pain ofdearh, and alſo commanded that they ſhould take nothing , bur
whart ſhould be given them. His commandement was well obſeryed, for none preſu-
med to goe a ſtones caſt without his licence. The Indian Gentlemen ſhewed great plea-
fure and curteſie to the ftrangers, and-provided them ofall things neceſſary , and ma-
ny of them gave their daughtersAfto them in token of true friendſhip, and. likewiſe
ro have fruit of their bodies, to be brought up for the Wars, being ſuch valiant men.
Cortez being throughly fatisfyed of their hearty good wils , demanded of them the
eſtate andriches of Montezuma. They exalred him greatly as men that had proved
his force. And as they affirmed it was near a hundred years, that they maintained
Warres with him and his Father, Axaica, and others his Uncles arid 'Grand-fa-
thers; they aſſured him alſo, that the gold and treaſure of Montezuma was without
number”, and his power and dominion over all the land, and his people innumerable ;
for (faid they ) he joyneth ſomerimes two hundred thouſand men , yea and three
hundred thoufand for one battail. And ifit pleaſed him, he would make as many
men double, and thereof they were good witneſſe, becauſe they had many' times
fought with them. Cortez told them he was nothing diſcouraged at all that his power,
but intended a-journey to Mexico, not doubting to oppoſe Montezuma, if he ſhoujd
encounter himin the way. He promiſed them likewiſe that he would free them from
his ryranny, and ſubduein his way all choſe Townes which were allied to the Mexi-

cans,

 
oal.
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cans, and -did any way annoy them and their Conmonwealth. - They gave him
hearty thankes, afſuring him ro aflift him and accompany him ro Aextco; and for

the preſent offered him twenty

thouſand men, makinga ſolemne League and Cove-

nanc_never to torſake him. Thus was Tlaxcallay fubdued and {worne to the Power
and command of the Spaniards, being in thoſe times one of the chieteit , though
not richeſt, Towns of America ; whoſe Inhabitansafter clave moſt fairhfully ro Cor-

7e>,

and were chief inftruments for the ſubduing of 2Zexico; and therefore to this

day are freed from tribute by the Kings of Spain, paying not the money which as a
tribute tax is layed upon_ every 1ndan to be payed yearly, but only in acknow-

tedgment of ſubjection they pay yearl

y one corne of 27aiz, which is their Tyd;an

Whear. | This great Town of Tlaxcallan 1s properly in the 74;2z tongue as much
as to ſay, as bread well baked, for thereis more Grain called Cex/; garhered, then in
all the Province round about. In times haſt the Town was called
is tofay, a Valley betwixt two hils. Ir is planted by a River fide , which ſpringeth
out of a hill called Artlancaperec, and watereth the moſt part of the Province,and from
thence ifſueth out into the South Sea , by Zacatulay. This Town harh four goodly
ftreets, which are called Tepericpac, Ocorelulco, Tizatlan, DPnabyiztlan. The firit
kreet ſtandeth on high upon an hill, far from the River which may be abour. half a
League, and becauſe it ftandeth on a hill, ir is called Tepericpac, that is to fay, a
hill, and was the firſt population, which was founded there on high becanſe of the
Wars. An other ftreet is fitnated on the hill fide rowards the River ; becauſe ar
the building thereof, there were many Pine trees, they named it Ocorelzulco, Which
is to fay, A pine apple plat. This fireet was beaurifull, and moſt, inhabired
of all the Town , and there was the chiefeſt Market place,, where all the buying and
{aling was uſed, and that place they called Tianqzzz21i ; inthat ſtreer was the dywel-
ling houſe of Maxixca. Along the River fide inthe plain ſtanderh another Rreer cal-
led T;zatlan, becauſe thereis much Lime and Chalke. In this ftreet

catl;

Texcallan, that

dwelled X;coren-

Captain Generall of the whole Common-wealth. Thereisanother ſtreet named

by reaſon ofthe brackiſh water, 2»;ah»izrlay ; but {ince the Spariards came thither, all
thoſe buildingsare almoſt altered, after a berter faſhion, and built with ſtone. In the
plain by the river ſide ſtandeth the Town houſe;and other Officesas in the Ciry of Vexice.
This Tlaxcallan was governed by Nobleandrich men ; they nſed not that one alone
ſhould rule, but didrather flie from that Government as from tyranny, and therefore

hated ontezrma

as a tyrant: In their Wars (as I have faid before ) they had four

Captains,which governedeach one ftreet, of the which four they did ele& a Captain
Alfo there were othet Genitlemen, that were Under=captains ; but a ſmall
number.  In the Wars they uſed their Standard ro be carryed behind the Army, bur
when'the battail was to be fought, they placed the Standard, where all the Hoſte mighr
ſee it,and he that came not incontinentto his Antient, payeda penalty.

had two Croſſe-bow Arrowes ſet therenn, which they efteemed as ſſtge
Anceftours. This Standard two old Souldiers and valiant men, being of the chiefeſt
Captains, had the 1 charge ro carry , in the which an abuſe of Soorhſaying either
of loſſe or vicory was noted. In this order they ſhot one of theſe Arrowes againſt
the firſt enemies as they met, andif with thar Arrow they did either kill or hurt, ir
wasa token thar they ſhould have the vitory,and if ir.neither did kill nor hurt,then they
aſſuredly believed that they ſhould loſe rhe field. This Proyince or Lordſhip of Tlax-
callan had 28 Villages and Towns, wherein were contained 150000 houſholders.
They are men well made, and were; good Warriers ; the like were not among the -
dians. They are very poor , and have 'no other riches, but only |the Grain and
Corn called Centls, and with the gain and; profit thereof, rhey. do_bothi, clothe them=
ſelves, and provide all other neceſſaries. They have many Market places, but the
greateſt and moſt uſed dayly, ftandeth in the ſtreer of Ocotelulco, which formetly was
{o famous,that 20000 perſons camethither in one day to buy and fell, changing one
thing for another , for they knew not what money meaned. They have now .and.
had formerly all kind of good policy in the Town; there are Goldſmiths, Feather-
dreſſers, Barbers, hot houles, and Potters , who make as good carthen Veſlels, as is
made in Spain. The earth is fatand fruitfull for Corne, fraic and-Paſture, for \amon%
the Pinetrees groweth ſo much grafle, that the Spaniard; feed their Cattell there, whictz,

Generall.

in Spajy they cannor do.. Within two Leagues of the Town ftandeth # raund hill

D C

Their Standard
Reliques of their

7

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

—A New Survey of the WeſtJndies. -

_ of fix milesof height, and fiveand forty miles incompaſſe,and is now called St. Parrhol-
mews bill, where the ſnow freezech. In times-pait they called thar hill Aatealcacie, who
yas their God for water. They had alfo a God for Wane, who was named Omerochtli,
for the grear drunkeneſſe which rhey uſed. Their chiefett God was called Camaxrlc;
and by another name Mxcova:l, whoſe Temple Rood in the ftreet of Ocerelulce,
inthe which Temple there was. facrificed ſome years above eight hundred perſons: In
the Town they ſpeak three languages, chat is to fay, Nahzalh, which is the Courtly
ſpeech, and chieteſt in all the Land of AZexico; another is called Oromir, which is moſt
commonly uſed in the Villages ; There is one only ftreet that ſpeaketh Pizomer, which
isthe groſſeſt ſpeech. There wasalſo tormerly inthe Town a common Jayle, where
Felons lay in Trons, andall things which they held for ſin, were there corrected. At the
rime that Correz was there, it happened that a townſman itole from a Sp44147d A little
gold ; whereof Correz complained to axixca, who incontinent made ſuch enquiry,
that che offender was found in Cholola, which is anorher great Town five Leagues from
thence ; they brought the Priſoner with the gold,and delivered him to Correx, to do with
him his pleaſure. Correz, would not accept him, but gave him thanks for his diligence ;
then was he carryed with a cryer before him, manifetting his offence, andin the Marker
place upon a Scaffold they brake his joynts witha cudgell : the Spayiards marvelled to
lee ſuch ſtrange juſtice, and began to be more confident thar as in this point they had en-
devoured to pleaſure and righr them, ſo likewiſe they ſhould afterwards find them very
forward to do their wils and pleafures for the better conquering of Iexico and Mon-
texnuma. Ocotelulco and T izatlan, are the twoſtreets which noware moſt inhabited : In
Ocotelulco Rtandeth a Cloiſter of Eranciſcan Fryers who are the Preachers of that Town ;
they have there joyning to their Cloiſter a yery fair Church, to which belong ſome
fifty 1:d:ay fingers, Organiſts, players on Muſicall Inftruments, Trumpeters and Waits,
who ſet out the Maſſe 'with a very fweet and harmonious Mufick, and delight the fan-
cy and ſenſes, while the ſpirit is fad and dull, as little acquainted with  God., who
will be worſhipped in fpirit and in truth. In' Tepericpac and Briahnixtlan are two
Chappels only, ro which on the Lords Day, and upon other. occaſions the Fryets
of the Cloiiter reſort to ſay Maſle., In this Cloitter we were entertained a day and two
nights with great proviſion of Eleſh and Fiſh, whichis very. pentifull by reaſon of
the Riyer ; The Fryers are allowed by the Town a dozen 1zd;ans who arc free-from
other ſervices only to fiſh for_ the Fryers. . They change their turns by: Weeks,
four one Week and four another , except they beccalled uponfor ſome ſpeciall occafi-
on, andrhen they leave all other work, and atrend.only with fiſh upon the Fryers.
The Town now 1s inhabited by Spariards and':Indians rogether; and is the feat of a
chief Officer of Juftice ſent from Spaiz every.three yeares,, called Alcalae Major ,
whoſe power reacheth to all the Towns within twenty Leagues about. Befides him
the 1ad;ans have likewiſe among themſelves, Alcaldes, Regidores and Alguaziles, ſupes
riour and inferiour Officers of Juſtice appointed yearly by the Alcalde Aajer , whor
keeps them allinawe, and takes from them for. his ſervice as , many as he pleaſeth
without paying any thing for the ſeryice done-unto him. The hard uſage of this .4/-
calde Major andother Spaniards hath much decayed.thart populous Town, which ſhould

rather have been cheriſhed, then diſheartned by rhe.Spanzards,who by means of 1t gained
all the reſt of the Country.

 

 

C a-r,  XEF

Concluding the reſt of our jowrney from Tlaxcallan to Mexico, through the City
of Angels, and Guacocingo.

THE next place moſt remarkable in the .Rode wherein we travelled was the
City called'by the Spaniards, La Pacbls de. tss Azngeles, the City of. Angels.
To the which we were deſirous to goe,, knowing that 1n it there was  a Convent
of Dominicans of our profeſſion, not having met with any ſuch fince the day we
departed from St. Zohy de Uihua. Here we refreſhed our ſelves at leaſure.. three
days, finding our ſelyes very welcome to. our own Brerthren, who ſpared nothing that

was
———— —

 

A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies.
was fit for our entertainment. We viſitedall the Ciry, and took large notice 6f it,
judging of the wealth and riches ofir nor only by_ the great Tradingin it,  but by the
many Cloiiters both of Nunsand Fryers, which it maintaineth, ſuch being commor:-
ly very burtkenſome to the places Wl_]erethey live, an idle kind of beggers who make
the people believe the mainraining ofthem is meritorious and faving to their Souls',
and thattheir prayers for them is more worth then the means and ſuftenance 'which
they receive from them. Oftheſe thereis inthat City a very grear Cloiſter of ſome fifty
or threeſcore Dominicans,another of more Franciſcans, another of Auguſtines, another
of Mercenarians, another of diſcalced Carmelires, anorher of *Jeſuites, befides four
of Nuns. This City is ſeatedin a lowand pleaſant Valley, about ten' leagues from a
very high Mountain , which is alwayes covered with ſnow ; Ir ftandeth rwenty leagnes
from exico , it was firſt built and inhabired in the, year 1530. by the command'of
Don Antono de Mendoza Viceroy of Mexico, together with che” conſent of Sebaſtias
Ramirez who was a Biſhop , and had been Prefident in time paſt in Sro. Domingo, and
was that year in ftead of Nyn;o de Guzman (who had behaved himſelf yery eyill both
with the Jndians and Spariards} fſent to be Prefident of the Chancery of '2exico with
theſe orher four Judges, the Licenciate Fohnde Salmeron, Gifco Dxiroga, Franciſco Cey=.
a0s, and Alonſo Maldonads. Theſe Judges governed the land far berter then Nanio
de Guzman before them had done; and among orher remarkable things they"did, was
to cauſe this City to be inhabited ; and ſer art liberty the 7:4iazs who inhabited there
before , and were grievoully ſuppreſſed and inflaved by the Spaniards, and therefore
many of them departed from.chence , who had inhabited there' before , and went r6
ſeek their living at Xalixco, Hundaras , Guatemala and: other places, where Warre
then was.  This City was formerly called by the 7ndians Cretlaxcoapan , that is to
fay, a Snakein water ; the reaſon was, becauſe there are two Fountains, the one  of
evill water, andthe other of good. This'City is now a Biſhops Sea, whoſe yearly
Revenues ſince the cutting off from it Xalappa de 1a Vera Crux, areyet worth above
twenty thouſand Duckats ; - By reaſon of, the good and wholeſome aire it dayly
increaſeth.with Inhabitants,. who reſort from many other places to 'live there;
Wo bur eſpecially the year 1634: when 24exico! was like to be' drowned with the inun-
of dation of the lake, thouſands left ir, and came with all their goods and Families"to
this City of the Azgels, which now. is thought ro "confiſt of ten thouſand Tnhabi-
rants. That which maketh-it moſt famous'is' the Cloth which is made'in'ir; 'and is
ſent far and near , andjudged now to be as good as rhe Cloth of Segovia;, which
is the beſt that is madein Spaiz 3 but-now'is not ſo much eſteemed of; nor ſent fo
much-from Spai to America by reaſorrof the abundance of fineCloth which is made
in this City.,of _Angels.. The Felts likewiſe:that are made, -are the beſt'of all that Coun-
; try ; thereis likewiſea glaſſe houſe, whichis there a rarity, none other being as yer

 

 

 

P known in thoſe parts. - But the mint. houſe thar is in-it, where is coyned halfe' the
» Silver that cometh, from Sacareces , \miakesit the ſecondto Adexico; andiit is thought
W that in timeit will be as great and, populous*as 24ex3c6. ” Without it there are many
a Gardens, which ftore.the Markets withs provifion- of Sallers ;” the Toil abounds- wirti
'ſſct Whear, and with Sugar Farmes ; among the  which nor far from 'this City there

{ is one fo great and populops (belonging to the Dominican Fryers of Mexico) thart for
5 the work. only belonging .untoir, it maintained/in myrime above two hundred black-
more ſlaves men and women-beſides:their little children.. The chief Town between
this City of. Angels;and Hexico, is called* Gracocigo conlifting of ſome five hundred
Tadians,and. one hundred ,. Spaniards Inhabitants. | Hereis/likewiſe a Cloiſter” of Eran-
ciſcans, who;entertained us, gallantly, and made / ſhew unto us of the dexterity of
their 199;ans in Muſick.., /Thoſe fat Fryers wanted'not like the reft all proviſion ne-
ceſlary for the body.. - But: their greateſt glory- and boaſting to us was the education
which they had given to-ſome. children of the Town; eſpecially ſuch-as ſerved them
in their, Cloiſter, whom they had brought up to dancing after the” $p,-;/þ faſhion at:
the ſound: of the Guitarra. ., And rhis a»dozen .of them- ( the biggeſt 'nor being above
fourteen years of age ) performed excellently for: our betrer entertainment that nights
we were there tll- midnight; ſinging both Spaniſs and 13dian tunies; capering and
dancing with their Caſtannerras, or, knockers on their fingers, with ſuch dexterity ; as
not only did delight, but amaze andaftoniſh us. - Trueit is, we thought rhoſe Fran-
ciſcans might have been-better imployed at that time in their Quire ar their midnighe

E deyorion

- Y - Pn ” CN C —  — — — — ——

 
 

 

A New Survey of the Weſt-Indies.

" devotions accordingto. their profeſſion; but we ftill found vowed religious duties more
and more negle@ed, and worldlneſſe roo too much imbraced, by ſuch as had renounced
and forſaken the world andallits pleaſures, ſportsand paſtimes. -

This Town of Gzacecingo is almoſt as much as Tlaxcallay priviledged by the Kings
of Spain'; for thatit joyned with Tlaxcallan againit the Mexicans , in defence of Her-
ando Cortez. and the reſt of the Spaniards that firlt conquered that land: Theſe of Gxa-
cocingo being confederate withthe Inhabitants of Tlaxcallan, Chololla, and Huacacolla
ftrongly detended the inhabirants of Chalco, when they ſenr 0 Cortes for ſuccor, decla-
ring that the Aexicans made great ſpoil among them. Which ſuccour Cortez at that
rime not being able to ſend them ; being þulied 1n ſending for his Vergantines to befiege
Hexico by water as well as by land, -he remitted them to the helpe of the Tlaxcalreca's,
and unto theſe of Gzacocingo, Chololla, aand Huacacolla; who ſhewed great valour
as-yer never buricd in oblivion, in relieving Chaſco againſt the ſtrength, and power
of Montezama, which had iſſued out of exico, to keep the Spaniards from drawing
near unto that Cty. For that fact isthis Town with the others fore-mentioned , un-
rill this day priviledged and highly eſteemed of the Spamiards. From hence we  made
our. laſt journey to the City of 2exico, paſſing over the fide of that high hill which we
had diſcovered at the City of Angels, ſome thirty miles off. There are no Alpes like
unto it for height., cold, and conſtant ſnow that lyech upon it. From Spain to that
place we had not felt any ſuch extremity of cold, which made the Spay;ards that had
come. out of the hot climate of $paix,, and endured exceflive hear at Sea , wonder and
admire. This laſt journey from Gzacocingo to 2Hexico we reckoned to be thirty Engliſh
miles, and of the thirty miles we judged ar leaſt the fifteen to beup and down the hill :
and yet the top of it ( whither we aſcended not ) 'was far higher. From thar higheſt
part of it. which we trayailed over, we! diſcoveredthe City of Mexico, and the lake a-
bour it, which ſeemed to us to. be near at hand', ſtanding ſome ren Englith miles ina
plain from the- bottome of this mountain. -When Hernando Cortez went the ſecond
time from Tlaxcallanto Mexico, to beſiege it by land and: by water, with Vergantines
which for that purpoſe he had cauſed to be made, on the fide of this mountain were
hisland Forces lodged, where many had periſhed with cold, had it not been for the
fore of wood which they found there. But in the morning he aſcended upwards on
this hill, and ſent_his ſcout of four Foot-men and four Horſemen to diſcover , who
found the way ſtopped with great trees newly cut down by the 2exicans, and placed
croflewiſe in the way. But they thinking thar. yet forwards it was nor ſo, proceeded
forthas well as they might, till at length the let with great huge Cedars was ſuch , that
they.could paſſe no further, and with this news were torced torecurn, certifying Cortez
that: the Horſe-men could not paſſe that way in any wiſe. Correz demanded' of them
whether they had ſeen any people; they anſweredNo. Whereupon he proceeded for-
ward, with all the Horſe-men, and athouſand, Foot-men, commanding all the refidue of
his Army to follow him with as much ſpeed as might be; fo that with that company
which he carried with him, he made way, taking away the trees that were cut down to
diſturbe bis paſſage ; andin this oxder in ſhort time paſſed his hoſt withour any hurt or
danger, but with grear painand travail ; for certainly if the Mexicans had been there to
defend thar paſſage; the Spaniards had not paſſed; for it was then a very evill way
( though now it hea reaſonable wide open rode, where Mules laden with wares from
St. Fohnde Vibua., and the Sugar farmes daily pafſe ) and the XMexicans alfo thought
the ſame to be ſure with-the trees which were crofſedthe way, whereupon they were
carelefle of that place, and attended their coming in plain ground; for from Tlaxcal-
lan to Mexico arethree wayes, of the which Cortez choſe the workt , imagining the
Thing that afterwards fell out, orelſe ſome hadadviſed him how that way was clear
from the enemies.,. At the deſcent of this hill Coztez abode and reſfted himfelf, cill aff
the whole Army'were come together, to. deſcend down into the plain ; for from
hence they deſcried the fires and. beacons of their 'enemies in fundry places, and alf
thoſe who hadattended their coming by the other two wayes;, were now gathered to-
%fcher, thinking to ſet upon them berwixt certain bridges ( which are in the plain made

r trayellers by reaſon of the many dikes andcurrents of water which iffue from the
lake ) where a great company abode expecting their coming. But Cortez fent twenty
Horſe-meti who-made way among them, ayd then followed the whole Army , who
Jew many of themwithout receiving any burt. T, hus did the remembrance of thoſe

antiqui=

 

 
 

 

 

A New Survey of the Weſt-Indics,

antiquities newly refreſhed by the object of the hill and plain beneath, make that cold
and hard paſſage more comfortable and eaſieunto us. The fir Town we came to be-
tow the hill, was @zahnripec, of the juriſdiftion of Tezcyco; where we alfo called ro
mind,that this was the place, near unto which was pitched the Campe of the 7d;ans
of Culhua, which was near a hundred thouſand men of Warre; who were ſent by the
Seniours of Mexico and Texcxco to encounter Cortez.; but all in vain;for his Korſe-men
broke through them, and his Artillerie made ſuch havock among them, that they were
ſoon put to flight.

Three leagues from hence on our right hand as we travailed; we diſcovered Tezcuco
by the ſide of the lake, andout of the Rode; yet it miniftred unto;-us matter of 2
Iarge diſcourſe, taken from therime of Correz and the firſt Conquerers; -who found
it a great City , andat that timeeven as big as 2exico; though in ir Correz met with
noreſiſtance; for as he journeyed towards it , four principall perſons inhabitants of
it met with his forces, bearinga rod of gold with a little flag in token of peace, ſay-
ing that Coacnacoyecin their Lord had ſent them to deſire him not r6 make any ſpoil
1n his Ciry, and Towns abour it; and likewiſe to offer his friendſhip; praying alſs
thar it mighr pleaſe him with his whole Army to take his lodging in the Town of
Texcxco, where he ſhould be well received. Cortez rejoycing at this meſſage, yert jea-
lous of ſome treachery, and miſtruſting the people of Tezcxco ( whoſe forces joyned
with the Mexicans and Crulbaacans. he had met witha little before ) went forward on
his way and cameto @ahatichanand Huaxnuta (which rhen were ſuburbs of the grear
Ciry Texcxco, but now are. petty Villages by themſelyes) where he and all his hoſt were

lenteouſly provided of all things neceffary, and threw down the Idols. 'This done
Ee entred into the City, where his lodging was prepared in a great houſe, ſufficient
for himand all the Spaniards,” with many other his 7:4ian'friends. - And becauſe that
at his firſt entry, he ſaw neither women nor children, he ſuſpe&ted ſome treaſon; and
forthwith proclaimed upon pain of death that none of his men ſhould goe out. In
theevening the Spaniards went up into the Zoties and galleries to behold the City, and
there they- ſaw the great number of Citizens that fled from thence with their ſtuffe, ſome
towardsthe mountaines, and others tothe water fide to take boat, a thing ftrange
to ſee the great haſte and ſtirre to providefor themſelyes: There wereat that timeat
leaft rwenty thouſand little boats- (called Canoas) occupied in carrying houſhold-ſtuffe
and paſſengers; Correz would fain have remedied\ir, but the night was ſo nigh at
hand, that he could not.  He would gladly alſo have apprehended the Lord, but he
was one of the firſt that fled unto Mexico. 'The Town of Tezcaco to this day is fa-
mous among the Spaziards; for that it was one of the firſt, if not the firſt (which ac-
cording to the Hiſtories of thoſe parts is very probable)thar received a Chriſtian Kin
ro rule and govern. For Cortez hearing that Coacxacogocin then King of that Ciry ang
Townes adjacent was fled, cauſed many of the Citizens to be called: before him, and
having in his company a young gentleman of a Noble houſe in that countrey, who had
been lately chriitened, and had to name Hernando. ( Cortez being his God-father, who
loved him well) faid unto the Citizens, that this new Chriſtian Lord Do» Hernands
was ſonne unto Nezavalpincintls their: loving Lord, wherefore he required them to
make him their King, confidering that Coacwacoyocin was fled unto the enemies, lay=
ingalſo beforethem his wicked fa& in killing of Cacuza his own brother, only to }-
pur him from his inheritance and Kingdome;, through the enticement of Dyahatimeccin
a mortall enemy to the Spayiards. In this ſort was that new Chriſtian Dow Hernanthy
eleced King, and the fame thereof being blownabroad,many Citizens repaired home
Again to. viſite their new Prince , ſo that in ſhort ſpace the City was as well repleniſhed
with people as it was before, and being alſo well uſed at the Spaniarde hands, they
ſerved them diligently in all things that they were commanded. * And Doz Hernands
abode ever after a faithfull friend unto the Spaniards in their Wars againſt Mexico, and
in ſhort time learned the Spayz/ſh tongue. And ſoon after came the inhabitants of
Buabarichan, Huaxuta, and Axtenco to ſubmit themſelyes, \craving pardon if in any
thing they had offended: Within two dayes after Doy Hernanio was made King of this
great City and Territory belonging to it (whoſe borders reach unto the borders of
Tlaxcallay ) came certain gentlemen of Huaxuta and Quahnrichay, to certifie unto him,
how all the power of the exicans was coming towards them, and to know if it were
his pleaſure, thas they ſhould carry. their wiveg, chilgcen and other goods into the

2 Moun=

 
- A New Surveyof the! WeſtIndies,

 

mountaihs? or elſe to bring them whete hewas, their\ſife*a;-ſiwas ſq great. - Coptes fi_)vr
che King| his God-child and fayonrice made unto therthis anſwer ; fying, Be ye
of good: courage., and fear-ye \nor. Alfoſiſi] pray you ro command your wives afd
farnulies to make noalteration, but rather' quietly t6 abidein your l}puſes._ Anſidroſſnſi
cerning rheenemiesT am glad bf their commg, for ye ſhall ſee how I lel_ deal-with
them. - Bur:the enemies wetit not to Hyaxnta, as it was th'qught; neysrthel-ſi-ſſe_ Cintes,
having/ incellipence where they-were, went out to encounter them witl two/ picees &f
Ordinance, twelve Horſemen and two hundred Spaniards , ap_d with. matly Titlajes "
Tlaxcallm. He fought with the enemy, andlew but few;for they fledto the water,
and ſoeſcapedintheir Canoa's. Thus did Correz 1h Tezrreo defend hlmſelſſt .aſid fi*@n_d;;ſſ-
from the grear-power of the .exicans,who dayly attempred/to be” reveriged 6n Him,

moſt convenientito lanch his Vergantinesto the water/,-and hearing that they were fi-
ntſhedat T laxcallay., ſent Gonzalo de Shndoval to bring'them from Tlaxeallan ; who
at the border of that Province met with them being brought in pieces,asrables, planks
and nayles, with all other furniture, the which eight rhouſand men carriedupon their
backes.. There came alſo'for their condu& twenty thouſand men of War , and a
thoufand Tamemes , who' werethe Carriers of vituals and ſervants. Chichimecatert,
/x principall and valiant 7y4;a7 and Caprain of a thoufand men had the Rere-gard.
And Tapitil and Tentecatl, very principall gentlemen, had the Vant-gard with ten
rhouſand men. - In the midfſt were placed the 7 amemes , and thoſe thar- carried the
Foyſt with all the apparell of the Vergantines.  Before thoſe two Caprains went /a
hundred Spaniards, and eight Horſe-men, and behind and laſt came Gonzdlo de San-
dooal with all the refidue, and feven Horſemen. Thns rhey.took their way towards
Te&cuco, With.a marvellous noiſe, ctying, Chriftians,.. Chriſtians, Tlaxcalay ,
Tlaxcallan, and Spain. When they caftie to Tezraco;, they entred inin very good
order, with the found of Drummes, Snail ſhels ,-and other like -inftruments of maſick';
\and againſttheir entry into the City , they pur 0n all their bravery of clothes, and
buſhes of feathers, which was a pallant ſighe ; they were ſix houesm entring into the
Town, keeping their array. At the fame of: this maty Provitices eame ro ſubmir
and offer their ſervice unto Cortez,; ſoine for fear of deſtenQion;, and others for the ha-
tred which they bare ro the XZexicans; 1o that now Cortez, was ftrong both with Spa-
»ards and Indians; and his Court at Tezryeo was as great, or greater then Montezn-
a's formerly had beenat Mexico. And here Cortez made hispreparation for the fiege
of AMexico with all haſt; and furniſhed himſelf with ſcaling ladders, 'and other neceſ-
faries fit for ſucha purpoſe. His Vergantines being nayled and throughly ended,he thade
afluce, or trench of halfe a leagne of length, twelve foot broad and more, and wwo
fadome in depth. This worke- was fifty dayes a doing, although there were foir
hundred thouſand mendaily working ;truly a-famous work and worthy of memory ,
which hath made Texcaco gloriouſly mentioned, though now altnoſt decayed it'the
great number of inhabitants. \The Dock- of Trench being thus finiſhed, the Vergan-
tines were calked with towe-and cotton wooll, and for want of Tallow and oyle,
they were (as ſome Authorsreport) driven to' rake mans greaſe; not rhat Corfex per-
-mitted rhem to flay men for thar effe&,-bur- of thoſe which were ſlain in the Warres,,
and of fuch-as fallied dayly out-of Mexicoto hinder this work, and fighting were flain.
The 7ndjans, who were cruell atid bloudy Batchers, ufing facrifice of mans fleſh, wouldit
this ſort open the dead body and take our thegreaſe. The Vergantines beitig lariched,
Cortez, muſtered hismen, andfound hine hufl(fi'ed Spaniards, of the which were-four-
ſfeote and fix Horſe-men, and a-hundredand eiglhteen with Crofſe-bowes, and Harga-
buſes ; and all-the reſidue had ſundry (weapons, as Swords, Daggers, Targets',
Launces, and Halberts Alſo'they had for armour, Corſlets, coats of Mayle, afid
Jackes. They had moreoverthree grear Pleces ofcaſt Iron, fifteen ſmall pieces of braffe,
and ten hundred weighr of powder,' with ftore- of ſhor, beſides  hundred rhouſand
Tadians men of Warre. On Whitfunday allthe' Spanidrd/ came into the_field, that'
gret plain below the high-#iountain 'ſpoken of before;/ where Cvrree made three
ehief Captaines, among whom he divided his-whole' Arttiy. Utito' Pedro' de  Alvas
rado the firſt"Caprain: he - appointed thirry Horſe-men; and a hundred and ſeventy
Foor-men of the Spayiaridsy two- pieces' of Ordinance,"and thirty thonſfand 7vdians,
commanding himt0 campe-it7 Yatopay: ' Unto Chrifovalde015d the ſeeond ſicapcs?']n

 

and the new Chriſtian King whom he had' made. But Cortes rhinking thar place 'the -

 

 
 

A New Sur*vejictſſof }/FſiſiſiAWſſeſt-indies.

he gavethree and thirty borſemen, anda hundred and eighteen footmen of the Spanimh
Narion, two Pieces of Ordinance, and thirty, thouſand Z:45azs, and appointed him to
pitch his campe in Cz/bxacan. To Gomzalo de Sandoval, who was the third Caprain
he gave three and twenry horſemen, and a hundred and threeſcore foormen, rwo
pieces. of Ordinance, and forty rhouſand 1zdjazs, with , Commiilion ro. chooſe a
place to pirch his campe. In every Vergantine he planted a piece of Ordinance, fis
Harquebuſhes, or Crofſe-bowes, and threeand rwenty Spaniards, men molt fir for that
purpoſe. He appointed alſo Caprains for each, and himſelf tor Generall, whereof
ſome ofthe chieteſt ofhis Company began to murmur, that went by Land, thinking
that they had been in greater danger; wherefore they requires him to-g0 with the
main' barrail,, andnot by water.'- Cortez lirtle-efteemed their words : tor alchough
there was more danger inthe landthenin-the water, yer it did more import' to haye
greater care.in the Warres by water,:then-on the land; becauſe his men had. been in
the one, -andnot in the other. Beſides the'chiefeit hopes-thar ' Cortez had to winne
Mexico,, were theſe Veſſels,, for-with them he burned a great part ofthe Cama's of
Aexico, and the reit he fo locked up, thatthey were no help unto the' Jexicans,
and with twelye only Vergantines he did annoy his enemy as much by water, asthe
reſt of his Army did- by land. - All this preparation for the ſiege of exico by land
and water, with above a hundred thouſand 7adians, beſides the Spaniards above men-
tioned, and the twelve Vergantines by water,  was finiſhed in this City of Tezcxco,
which isa ſuficientargument of the greatneſſe of it at thar time, maintaining with Pro-
viſion fit and neceſſary: ſo many thouſands of people,” and it-yeelded matter enough
unto us for a large diſcourſe, whilſt not far from \the ſfight of it we travelled in the 0-
pen anddirect plainRode to Mezcico... Andas we ralked of the greatneſſe of it in for-

 

-.mer times, ſo likewiſe:we -now-wondered-to conſider it to: be: but a ſmall Govern-

ment , where doth conſtantly reſide-a- Spaniſs Governour ſent from Spain, whoſe
power-reacheth-to-thoſe borders-of, F/axcallawand Gracecingo, and to moit of the per-
ty Towns and Villages of the plain., which were formerly under the command and
power of aKing : but.now are notable to make up above a thouſand: Duckatsa year;
which is ſuppoſed: to be the yearly revennes of the Governour:; and Tezcxcoit ſelf this
day judged to confift only of a;hundred. Spanrardsi; and three hundred 7:4i2y Inhabi-
rants, whoſe. chief.-riches;; come iby: gardening, and ſending dayly-in their Cand's
Herbes and Sallets to.exico.: Some wealth likewiſe they-ger)by their Cedaritrees which
'Srow, there, and are ready:timber for. the buildings 'of Mexico. - Yet nowaiſoare theſe
Cedars much: decayed by./the-Spaniards.; who have waſted andſpoiled them in theit
t00 too ſumptuous buildings: :Gortez only; was accuſed by Parmfilio de Narvez, for that
he had ſpent ſeven thouſand -beames:.0f Cedattrees in the work of his own houſe.
Gardens.there. were:in Tezcxco formerly,that:-had-a thouſand Cedar trees for - wals
and,circuite, ſome of-them ofa hundred. andiewenty foot long;and rwelve foot in com-
paſſe from endto end;_ but now.that! Gardenerhat;hath fifty-Cedar trees about it, is
much regarded. Attheend ofthis/plain|we paſſed through .'Mexicalcingo; which for-
merly. wasa great Town, but, now-\not; ofxabovye-ani hundred'Inhabirants; and from
thenceto.Gzet/avac, apetty. Village, yert.moſt pleafant for the ſhade of many fruit trees;
Gardens, -and ſtately, houſes which for:their Tecreation: ſome Girizens:of dexico have
built there ,. being.at the foor of,the Cawſey: which from this Town rhrough the Take
reacheth abour fiyve Zzg/i/h,milesto Aexice.':And thus upontthe third day 1of Oftober;
1625; we-entred-into. that famous:atid gallant. City, /yet-not abiding in1t,-but-only
paſling through it;till-we came'to.a houſe: of recreation, ſtanding, among the-Gardensin
theway to. Chaps/teper, named Saint Facintho, belonging to the Dominicans of Maxilain
the Zſt=India's,(whirther our coirſe;was-intended) where we were ſtatelyentertained;
and aboderill after. Cand/emaſſe 'day, thetime of our ſecondſhipping at Acoaptco, ( 80
leagnesfrom 2exico) by theSouth-Sea to- Mazila the chief Ciry: of the Iflands named
Philippinas. ,

B 3 CHAP

 
4 New Survey of the Welſt-Indies,

.

 

Cuavp?., XII.

  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
   
  
 
  
   
  
  

Shewing ſome particnlays of the great and famous City of Mexico in former
ries, with a rrue deſcription of it now ;, and of the Srate and condition of it
the year 1625.

T hath been no ſmall piece of Policy in the Fryers and Jeſuites of 24azi/z and the
I Iſlands of Philippinas to purchaſe near about 2Yexico, ſome houſe and Garden to car-
ry thither ſuch Mitionary Prieftsas they yearly bring from Spaiz for rhoſe parrs. © For
wereit not that they found ſome reſtand place of Recreation, but were preſently” cloſed
up in the Cloiſters of Mexico to follow thoſe religious duties (which fore againft their
wils moſt of them are forced to) they would ſoon after a tedious journey from Spaiy by
ſea and land relent oftheir purpoſes of going forward, and venturing upon a fecond
voiage by the South Sea z and would either reſolyve upona return to Sp:1z, or of ſtaying
in ſome part of America; asmyſelf andfive more”of my company did, though ſecrerly
and hiddenly, and ſore againſt the will of Fryer Catvo and others, who had the turoring
and conduCting of us. Therefore thar all ſuchvas come from $pazz to'be ſhipped again at
Accapulco for Philippinas, may haveall manner of incouragement, reft and recreations
becoming their Proteſfions, whileft they do.abideiin America; and may not be diſheart-
ned by thofe that live about 2Zexico, (who'do truly envy all that paſle that way to Afa)
the Fryersand Jeſuites have purchaſed for theſr Mdlions houſes of Recreation among the
Gardens, which are exempted from the power andcommand of the Supettors of 7dext-
co, and are ſubordinate unto the Government 'of/the Provincials of Phzlippinas, who
ſend from thence their ſubſtitute Viearsto rule, and ro lookto-the forementionedhonſes
and Gardens. To the 'Dominicans belonged this houfe called St: Facintho, whither we
were carried, and where we did abide near five monthes, havingallthings' providedthar
were fit and neceſlary for our Recreations,and for our better encouragement to a ſecond
voia ge by Sea. The Gardens belonging to-this houſe might be of fifceen Acres of ground,
dvided into ſhady walkes under the Orange: and Lemmon' rrees;there we had' the
Pomegranates, Figges, and Grapes in abundance, wich the Plantin, Sapotte, Chicofa-
potte, Pine-fruit, and all other fruits that were to be foundin Afexiceo The Herbes antl
Sallets, and great number of Spaxiſs Cardoes which* were ſold out, brought'in a great
Rent yearly ; for every day there wasa Cztratrended to befilledand ſent to the Market
of Mexico; and this not ar ſeaſons of the year, as here in Zngland and  other parts *of
Europe, but at all times and ſeafons.,- borh Winter'and Summer, there being-no differ-
ence of heat, cold, froſts and ſnowyas with us; butthe ſame tetnper all the whole year,
the Winter differing only from[chei Summer bythe rain that fals, and not"by ex-
ceſſive froſts that nip. This we enjoyed withoutdores : but withiowe had all fortsand
varieties both of fiſh arid fleſh: What moſt we woridred ac, was'the aburidance 6ffiveet
meats; and eſpecially of Conſervesthar were provided for us;-for to every one of us
during thetime of our abode there,-was brought 0n Munday morning half 4 dozen
Boxes of Conſerve of Quinces, and other fruits, beſides our biskets,to ftay our tomachs
inthe mornings and at 'other times-of the day ;\ forin our ftomachs we found a'great
difference between Spaiz and thar 'Country, For-in” Spain and other parts of Exrope
a mans ſtomach will hold ont: from-meal to- meal; 'and' one meal here: of good cheer
will nouriſh and cherifſh the ftomach four and twenty honres; But" in 2fex5co and 05
ther parts of America"we-found'that two or three houres after a''g00d meat of three
or four ſeverall diſhes of 'Mutcon, Veal or Beef,, Kid, Turkeys- or other Foyles, our
ſtomachs would-be ready to- faint,,  and ſo we were'fain to ſupport them” with ei-
ther a cup of Chocolatte, or a bit of Conſerve or Bisket, which for that purpoſe was
allowed us in great abundance. 'This ſeemed to me fo ſtrange,, ( whereas the meat
ſeemed as fat and hearty, excepting the Beef, as ours in Exrope) that I fot ſome ſa-
tisfaQion preſently had recourſe to a DoRor of Phyſick ; who cleared my doubt with
this anſwer, That though the meat we fed on was as fair to look on, as in Spain ;
yet the ſubſtanceand nouriſhment in it came far ſhort of it, by reaſon of the paſture,
which is dryer and hath not the change of ſprings which the paſtures of Zxrope haze 5

uL

 
8

A .F\Cew Survey of the W eſt-Indies,

butis ſhort and withers foon away. Bur ſecondly, he-told me that the Climate of
thole parts bad this effect, to-produce a fair ſhew, but lirtle matrer or ſubRance. As
in the fleſh we fed 0n ; ſo likewiſeinall the fruitsthere, which are moſt fair and beau-
Litull co behold , mott fweer and Jufcious ro taſte ; bur little inward virtue or nouriſh-
ment at all.in them, xot halle that isin a Spaniſh: Cameſa, or Engliſh Keatiſh Pippin.
And asin mear, and fruit there is in this inward' and hidden deceir, {o likewiſe the ſame
is to be toundinthe people thar are born and bred there; who- make fair outward
ſhewes, but are inwardly talſe and hollow hearted. Which I have heard reported much
amons the Spariards to have been the anſwer of our Queen Ezaberh of England to
ſome rhat preſented unto-her of the fruits of Anerica,that futely where thoſe fruirs grew:;
the women were ight,andallthe people hollow and falſe hearred.” Bur further reatonsT
omir to ſearch into; for this ofexperience only T write, which raughr me thar lirtle fab-
ftance and virtue is in the great abundanceand variety of food which there is enjoyed;
our ſtomachs witneſling this truth, which ever and anon: were gaping-and cryinp, Feed;
teed. Our Conleryes therefore and dainties were plentifully allowed us: and all other
incouragements, and no occaſion denied us of going to vifit Mexico, ( which was not
two full miles from us) all the while we abode there. It -was a pleaſant walke for us
£0 go out inthe morning,and to ſpendall theday inthe City -and come hoine at night:
our way lying by Arches made of ftone, three miles long to convey the water from
Chapsltepec unto the Ciry. Take theretore, gentle Reader, from me what for the ſpace
of five months Iconld learn concerning it in former and preſent times. The fitua-
rion of this City is much like that of Yeaice; but only differs in this, that /enjce is
built upon the Sea-water , and Mexico upona lake,” which ſeeming one, indeed is two.;
ane part whereof is ſtanding warerzthe other ebbeth and floweth, according to-the wind
that bloweth. Thar part which ſtandeth, is wholeſome, good, and fiveer, and yeel-
erh.ſtore of ſmall fiſh. That part which ebbeth and floweth,is 4 faltiſh, bitter,and
peſtiferous warter, yeelding no kind of fiſh, ſmall or great. - The ſweet water ftandeth
higher then the other, and falleth into ir, and reverteth not backward,as ſome conceive
it doth. The fait Lake containeth fifteen miles in breadth; -and fifteenn in length, and
more then five and forty incircuit ;: and the Lake of: fweer-water containeth even as
much , in ſuch fort that the whole Lake containeth much abour a-hundred miles... The
Spaziardsare divided in opinions concerning this water and-the ſprings of -it ;' ſome
hold tharallthis water hath but one ſpring out'of a great and+-high Mountain which
ftandeth Southweſt withinſight of exico, and thar the cauſe that the one part of the
Lake is brackiſh or ſaltiſh, isthar the bottom or ground is all ſalr.3 Bur however this
opinion betrue or falſe, certain itis and by experience Ican witnefſethar ofthar part
ofthe falt water great quantity of Salt is dayly made, and is part” of the great Trading
of that City into other parts of the Country, nayir is ſent parr-of it ro. the Philipping
Tlands. Others ſay that this Lake hath rwo ſprings, and thar the freſh water ſpringeth
outof that mountain which ſtanderh. Southweſt from 24exico, and theſalt brackiſh
water ſpringeth out of other high Mountaines which ſtand -more: Northweft; -Bur
theſe give no reaſon for the faltnefſe of ir, withont it be the agiration of itirithe eb-
bing and flowing ; which not being with tides like the- Sea , bue- with the winds0ns
ly ( which indeed make it as ftormy ſometimes as.is the: Sea) why. may-not the winds
produce the ſame effe& in the freſh water Lake?T rhink rather;-if it ſpring froma
different ſpring from that from whence ſpringeth'the freſh water ; the brackiſhneſſe
and faltiſhneſle ofit may proceed from-ſome brackiſh and ſulphurous minerals' through
which it paſſeth inthoſe Mountains, For by experijence T know-the like in the Pro-
vince of Gaatemala, where by a Town called Amatitan; there is a ftanding Lake of
water not altogether ſweer and freſh,but alittle brackiſh, which certainly hath its ſpring
from a fiery Mountain called there a Y#lcan, (whoſe burning proceeds from the Mines
of brimſtone thar are within-it } from whence ſpring near the fame Town likewiſe
two orthree ſprings of exceeding hot water;; which are reſorted to for wholeſome
barhes, as coming chrough a ſulphurous mine, and yet the ſtanding Lake proceedinfi
from rhe ſame Mountain is of that quality that it maketh the ground about it falt, an
eſpecially in the mornings the people goto- gather-up the ſalt which lyerh upon the
Sround by the water fide like untoa hoary froft. Bur thirdly, others conceive that thar
part of the Lake of Aexico which is ſaltiſh and brackiſh comes through the earth from
the North' Sea ; and though ſprings of water which come from the. Sea-loſe their
brackiſhneſſe

43

 
 

A: New Survey ſiof 7tl_9_e_V\(Fſt7-I—nfidies.fi

ſſMffi&ſſſhrougſſ Zhſi;ſiezxth, ye;t-his ſſſr{ay kce-þſſ ſom;brackſiiſh;];ſſe tſi>y reaſon -of \
\
|

the minerals, which are many in thoſe parrs z or by reaſon of the 'great, wide'and o-
pen concavities of thoſe mountains ; which being very hollow within -( as'we find by
experience of the Earthquakes which are more trequent there then here by reaſon of
the wind that getterh into thoſe concavities, 'and ſo ſhakes theearth to get out) give no
way to the water to fweeten chrough the earth, or to loſe all rhat falrnefle which ir
brought with it from the Sea. Burt wharſoever the true reafon be, there 1s not the like
Lake known of fiveet and faltiſh water, one part breeding fiſh, the orher breeding none
ar all. This Lake had formerly ſome fourſcore Towns, fome fay more, ſiruated round
about it ; many of chem containing five thouſand houſholds, and ſome ten - thouſfand ,
yeaand Texcuco (asT have faid betore) was as bigas Mexico. Bur when I was there,
there might be thirty Towns and Villages' abour it, and ſcarce any of above five hun-
dred /houſholds between Spaniards and 1ndians; fiich hath been the hard uſage 'of
the Spaniards rowards them, that they have even almoſt conſumed that poor Nation.
Nay two yearsbefore Tcame from thoſe parts, which were the years of 1635. and 1636: *
I was credibly informed that"a million of 7-diazs lives had been'loft in an indeavour
of the- Spaniards to-turn the water of the Lakeanother way from the Ciry, which was
performed by cutting away through the Mountains, for to avoid the great inundati=
ons that Mexicowas fubject unto; and eſpecially for that the year 1634. the waters grew
ſo high that they threatned deftruction toajlthe Ciry, ruinating a great part, and com-
ing intozhe Churches that ſtood in the higheſt part of it, in ſo much thar the people
uſed commonly boats: and Canoa's from houſe to houſe:' And moſt of the 1adans that
lived about the Lake were imployed, to | ftrive againſt -this frong Element of water ,
which hath been the undoing of many poor wretches, bur eſpecially of theſe thirry
Towns and Villages that borderednear upon the Lake; which now by that great work
is further from the houſes of the City;andhath a paſſage made 'another way, though ir
was thoughr itwould not long continue, but would find again-its old courſe rowards
HMexicor: This:City when Cortes firſt entredinto it, (was as ſome fay) of fixty, bur more
probably'it is reported. to have' been of fourſcore thouſand-houſes. | Montezrma bis
palace was very great, large and beautifull, whichin the 7-d5a4 language was named Te- |
pac ; andthat had rwenty doors-or.gates, which had their- outcoming into the com-
mon freets.” It had three Courtsy and:in the one ſtood a' fair fountain, many hals,
and 2 hundred chambets of three'and twenty;/ andthirty foot: long , an hundred
bathes, and hot 'houſes; and all this without nailes; 'yet very good workmanſhip.
The wals' were made'of Maſons work , and wrought of Marble, laſpe ,- and orher
black ſtone; with veines of red; like unto Rubies and other ſtones, which gliſtered very
fair ;\the roofs were wrought of Timber, and curioufly carved, being 'of Cedar, Cy-
pres;and Pinetree; the Chambers were! painted, and hung with cloth of Corton, and
of Coneys' hair and fearhers. ' The beds :only-were unſeeming this great ſtate, very
poorand vf no value, ſuchas tothis day” the- beſt and richelt- 724:ans. uſe ; for they
wear nothing but mantles laid upon' mattes, 'orupon hay,” or elſe mattes alone. Wirh=
in this Palace lived a'thouſand-women, 'nay ſome- affirme three ” thouſand / reckoning
sentlewomen,/ ſervants and flaves, all together z\-bur-the moſt were principall 1-dians
daughters; of 'whom+ Hontezzmatook for himſelf thoſe that liked him beſt, and the
other he: gave in marriage to'gentlemen his ſervants. : Tt-is credibly reported among
the Spaziards that hethad at one* time x' lnindred and -fifty; women his wives with
child;, who-commonly tookimedicines toicaſttheir-creatures, becauſe they-knew that
they ſhould not inherit. the'State;7and theſe.had many oldwomen to guard-chem, for
no man was permitted to Jook._upon *tlem--> Beſides' this Tepac,,  which ſignifieth
Palace, Montezama had yetin Mexico another houſe with very curious lodgings and fair
Galleries, built upon-pillars of Taſpe;; which\{ooked-rowards: a goodly Garden, in
the which rhere were ar leaſt a:dozen-Ponds, ſome: of falt water for Sea fowles, and 0-
thers of freſh water for River: fowles and Lake fowles, whicly Ponds were deviſed
with - Sluces to empty and ro fill at /pleaſure forthe-cleannefſe of the Fowles feathers ;
and'theſe Fowles are faid ro have- been'{o 'many. in* number., :that 'the Ponds could
Tearcely hold them, and of ſuch ſeverall forts, andof ſuch trange and various coloured
feathers, thar the moſt of chem the Spanizrds knew not, nor'had atany time-ſeenthe
like. There did belong to that houſe aboye three hundred. perſons of ſervice , who

had their ſeverall charge concerning theſe Fowles ; ſome had care to cleanſe the Pogdg;
others

 

 
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A New Snrvey of the Weſt-Indies,

others wereappoitited tolfifh tor bait;others fervedthem with-meat;and to eyery kind of
towiethey Gaveftich bate as'chey were wont'to feed of in the'fields'or rivers; others did
efim cheir teathers;orhers hid care to look rotheir egges;others'to fer themabrood; and
the'ptineipalt office"iwks to/pluck the feathers; for ot rhem were niade fich mantles, rapi-
firy; tatpers; tiffes of fearhers, and many othetthings wrought with $0ld and Þlver.
- "Befide5"rhis hotife', Afontezrma had yet another Houfe twithin A7cxico, appointed
only-torhayking fowles , and fowles of rapige. Th Which bouſe' there were many
bigh Hals!, wherein wete kepr men, women, ahd children; fuch as were, dwarfes ,
erook-baeks6r any monftrous perfons ; ard with thein ſuch as were born white
sf coloury-which 'did very feldeme happen; hay fome'would "deform their chil-
dren 'on purpoſe to haye them catried'to the Kings houſe/to ltelp to ſer forth his great-
refſeby their Jeformity. Th the lower hals 6 rhis honſe there were' Cages for fowls
of rapifie of all forts, as'Hawkes, Kites, Boyrers (which are-very many in thoſe
parcs ) an@ of the Hawkes near a dozen ſundry kindes of them. This houſe had for dai-
tyallowancefive hundred Turkey coeks, andthree hundred men of ſervice, befides the
Faſconers and Hunters, which ſome fay were abovea thouſand men. The Hunters were
maintained inthat houfe,  becauſe 'of the ravenous beaſts which were alſo keprt in the
fower Hals'in great cages made of timber, 'wherein were Kkept in fome Lions, in other
Tygres,- in'orher Ownzes, m other Wolves; it! conclufion, rhere was no four-foored
beaſtthatHarted there, only tothe effe&, that the mighty Monrezama might fay that
hehzd faehthings inhis houſe ; and all were fed dayly with Turkey cocks, Deare /
Do88e, and fuch like. There were alfo ih another Hall grear earchen yeſſels, ſome
with eafth;and ſome 'ywith yoater, wherein were Snakes, as grofſe as a mans thigh ,
Vipers,” Ct5codiles whichthey call Caymanes,of twenty foor lons with ſcales and
head like 4 Dragon; beſides tany other fmallet Lifarts and other venemous beafts and
Setpents"a5iwell of the warer 43 of the land.” To thefe Sriakes and the other vene-
6us'beaftsthey uſually gayethe bloud of men factificed to feed them. Others fay
rhey'gavetinks theri mansfAefh, whith the great Liſarts, or Caimains eat very well. But
what was wonderfull to- beh61d, hotrid to'fee, hideous to hear inthis houſe , was
the Officers dayly 6ccapations about theſe bealts, the fAloor with bloud like a gelly,
Rinkins Tikea flaughter-houſe, and the- roating ofthe Lions, the fearfull hiſling ofrhe
Snakes and Adders , the dolefull howling and barking of the Wolves, the forrowfull
yellitis of the Ownzesand Tigres, when they would have meat. And yet in this place;
which 1n the-night ſeaſon ſeemed a dungeon of hell, anda dwellins place for the De-
vill, eould 4 heathen Prince pray utito his Gods andTdols ; for near unto this hall was a-
nothe? of a hundred and fifry foot long and 'thirty foot broad; where was a thappell
with the roofof filver and gold in leaf wainſcotted and decked with great ſtore of
peatl arid-ftohe, as Agats, Cornerines, Emeralds, Rubies, and divers other ſorts :
and this was the Oratory where A7ontezama ptayed in the night ſeaſon, and in that
chappel! the Devill did appear urito him, and gave him anſwer according to. his pray-
efs, which asthey were utteted among ſo many ugly and defotmed beafts, and with the
noiſe of them'which repreſented Hell it {elf, were fitted for a Devils anſwer. He had
alfo bis' Arttioury,  whetein was great ſtore of all kind of ſuch Ammunition which
rhey uſed in” their Wartes, as Bowes, Atrows, Slings, Launces, Datts, Clubs,'
Swords and bucklers, ahd gallant Targets m6te trim then ftrong, and all made
of Wood, gilt.or covered with Leather. The Wood whereofthey made their Armour
and Targers was very hard and firOnigh; andat their arrowes ends they encloſed a little
piece of flint ſtotie , 0 apiece of a fiſh bone called Libz{n, which was ſo venemons ;
that ifafiy wete hire withit, and the head remnidined in the wound , it ſo feftered that
it wasalmoſt incurable. Their Swords were of Wood, and the edge thereof was
Aitit ſtotie, imeloſed or joyned into a ſtaffes and with theſe ſwords they cut ſpeares,yea
and a Hotſes neckat a blow, arid could make dents ifito Tron, which ſeemeth a thing
unpoffible and incredible. Thele flits wete joynied into the ſtaffes with a certain kind
of glew, which was riade of a roor called Zacolt, and Tzxalls, which is a kind of ftrong
ſan%, whereof they thade a mixture, and after kneaded it with the bloud of Battes, or
Rear-mice ard other fotvie, which did' gfew'f6 ftrong, that it ſcarce ever _uncleayed
again; and of theſe M779r214 had int his houſe of Armour great ſtore. Bur beſides
theſt howles it is wonderfull to relare yet many others which that greatheathen Em- -
peronr hid for his-ofly reereation and paſtimie, with excellent fair gardens of medici-
. nall

 

 

 

 
 

" A New Survey of the Weſt-Indies, ;

nall herbs, ſweet flowers, andtrees of deleRable fayour. Bur of one garden more e-
ſpecially it is faid, that init there were a thouſand perſonages made, and wrought ar-
tificially of leaves and flowers. And ontezama would not permir _tha}: in this gar-
den ſhould be any kind of Pot-herbs, or things to be ſold, faying that it did not. apper-
tain to Kings to have thingsof profit among their delights and pleaſures,, for that
ſuch did appertain to Merchants. Yet out of Mexico he had Orchards with - many
and ſundry fruits ; and likewiſe pleaſant houſes in Woods and forreſts, of great com-=
paſſe, environed with water, in the which he had fountains, rivers, ponds with: fiſh,
zockes and coverts where were Harts, Bucks, Hares, Foxes, Wolves and. ſuch like ,
whither he himſelf ſeldome went ; but the Lords of 2exico uſed to g0 to ſport
themſelvesin them. Such and ſo many were the houſes of Zonrezuma, wherein few
Kings were equall with him. . He had dayly attending upon him in his privy guard
ſix hundred noblemen and gentlemen, and each of them three or four ſeryants, and
ſome had twenty ſervants or more according to their eſtate ; and the moft credible,re-
port goes, that.in this manner he hadthree chouſand men artendants in his Courr, all
which were fed in his houſe of the meat that came from his table. There werein thoſe
timesunder the Mexicallempire three thouſand Lords of Towns, who had many yaſ-
fals; but more eſpecially. there were thirty of high eſtate, who wereable to make each
of them a hundred thouſand men of Warre. - And all theſe noble men did abide in
HMexicoa certain time of the year in the Court of Montezuma, and could not depart
f:om thence without eſpe-iall licence of the Emperour, leaving each of them a ſonne
or brother behind them for ſecurity of rebellion ; and for this cauſe they had general-
ly houſesinthe City ; ſuch andſo great was the Court of Aonrezuma. Moreover he
ſpent nothing in the buildings of all theſe his houſes, for he had certain Towns that
payed no other tribute, but only to work and repair. continually his houſes at their
own proper coſt, and payed all kind of workmen, , carying upon_ their backs, or
drawing in fleds ſtone, lime, timber, water, and all other neceſſaries for. the
work. Likewiſe they were bound to provide all the wood that ſhould be ſpentin.the
Court , which was five hundred mens burthens, and ſome dayesin the Winter much
more. But eſpecially for the Emperours chimneys they brought the barke of Oake trees,
which was efteemed for the light. Thus: was chat great Cicy formerly illuſtrared with
a mighty Monarch, his houſes and attendants, .. There werehen alſo in 2exico three
ſorts of ftreets, very broadand fair ; the, one/fort was, only. of water , with many
bridges., another ſort of only earth,, and' the third of earth and warter, the one balf
being firme ground to walkeupon, and the orher half for boatsto'bring proviſion ro
the City.; the moſt part of the houſes had two doors, the own toward the Cawſey,
and the other toward the water, at the which they took boat.to.go whither they liſt.
But this water (though ſo near to the. houſes) being not good to drink, chere is
other water freſh and ſweet brought by conduit to Hexico, from a place called Chapul»
zepec three miles diſtant from that Ciry,which ſpringerh our ofa lictle hill, ar the toor
whereof ſtood formerly two ſtatues, or .images, . wrought in ſtone, with their Targets
and Launces, the one of 2fontezama, the other of Axaiaca his father. The warter is
brought from thence to this day in two pipes built upon Arches of brick and ſtone like
a fair bridge; and whenthe one pipe is fou], then all the water is conveyedinro the
other, till the firſt be made clean. From this fountain all the whole Ciryis provi-
ded, and the Water-men go ſelling the ſame water from ſtreet to ſtreet,, ſomein little
boars, others with earthen Tankards upon Mules or Aſſes backs. The chief and prin-
cipall diviſion of this City when the Spaniards firſt conquered it, was into two ftreets;
the one was called T /atelalco, that isto fay, a little Ifland, and che other Mexico where
Aontezuma his dwelling and Court was, fignifying in the languagea ſpring. And be-
cauſe of the Kings palace there; the whole City was named Mexico. Butthe old and
firſt name of the City according to ſome Hiſtorians was Texxchritlan, which ſignifiech
fruit out of a ſtone,being a compounded name._of Ter/, which in the language is tone,
and Nachtt;, which is a ſweet fruit called generally in Csba, and all other parts of A-
merica by the Spaniards, Tnas ; the name of the tree whereon this fruic groweth is
.called Nopal. And when this City begun to. be founded it was placed near unto a
great ſtone that ſtood-in the midft of the lake, at the foor whereof grew one of theſe
Nopal trees ; which is the reaſon why 2ſexico giveth for armes and device the foot of a
Nopal tree ſpringing from a ſtone according to the fark name of che Ciry T; cnflc};tlitfim.

uc

 

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A New Survey of the W el Indies, 47

Bur orhers do affirme rhar this City hath the name of the firſt founder of ir, Mſſ—ſi]
z:ch, the ſecond ſon of Jzracmxcearl, whoſe fons and deicendents did firk inhabic
all rhat part of America which is now called new S$pain. Aexico is as much as to fay
a ſpring'or fountain, accoruing rothe property ot the yowell or ſpeech, trom whence
fome judge that City ro beſo named. Bur others do affirme that Aexico hath its narhe ,
from a more anctent time, whoſe firſt founders were called 2ex;r; , for unto this day
the T45an dwellers in one ftreet of this City are called of Mexica. And that theſe Mex=
:ti took name oftheir principall idol called 2Zexiz17, who was in as great veneration as
Virzslopxchrti, God of the War. But orhers affirme (and this opimon is mott re-
ceived among the Spaniards) that the Mexicans firkk werethe inhabitans of nova Galij=
cia; from whence they made a violent irruption An Domint 720. and lingered in diyers
placestill the year 902. when under the leading of 2ex; their chief Caprain they
built chis City, and calledir after the name of their Generall. They were in all ſe-
yen Tribes, which ruled long in an Ariftocraricall ſtare; till the moſt puiſfanc of the
Tribes called Navaralcas, elefted a King to whom they ſubmirred themſelyes. The
firſt King that was thus elected, was called 73:zi4ovitl ; the ſecond, Acamopitzl; ; the
third, Chimalpapoca.; the fourth, Tzchoalr ; the fift, Montezrma the firſt ; the fixth,
Acacts; the teventh Axaiaca; the eighth , Antz/cl; the ninth, Jonrezuma the fe..
cond, who reigned when Cortez came firſt; the tenth, was ®yaburimee, who loft Mecx-
7co, andin whom endedthat 1ad4;as Empire. The molt forcunate of theſe Kings was
Tzchoalt; who by his couſin 7lacaeltee, ſubdued the other fix Tribes,and brought them
under the Mexicay Kings. And after the death of 1zchualr, T lacaclicc was by the firlf
electours ( which were 1ix in number) choſen King, as a manof whoſe yertue they
had formerly made tryall. But he very nobly refuſed ir, faying that it was more con.
venient for the Common-wealth that another ſhould be King, and that he ſhould ex-
ecutethat which was otherwiſe more fir for the neceſfity of the State; then to lay the
whole burden npon his back ; and that withour being King, he would not leave to
labour for the publick as well as if he were King. Upon this generous. refufall they
made choice of Montezuma the tirſt. The moſt unhappy Kings of that nation (ar
whoſe birth could not but be ſome dyſaſtrousaſpet ofthe Planets) were the two laſt;
Hontezuma the ſecond, and Dnuaburimec, who were both vanqtiſhed by Ferdinands Car-
72z who took onrezuma prifoner out of his own palace, and with fair words and
language carried him to his lodging in Mexicoz and kept him there, Kkniocking a pair
of gyves on his legges, untill the execution of ®ya/popoca Lord of Nahutlan, now
called A/meria ( who was to be burnt for killing nine Spaniards) was palt. But this
impriſonriient of their Emporour ftirred up the hearts of all the Afexicans to conſpire
againft Correz, and the Spanzards , againſt whom they fought a moſt fierce and bloudy,
battail two or three daies together, crying our for their Emperour , and threatnin
them with the cruelleſt death that ever mian ſuffered. Whereupon Cortez, deſired 1on.
tezxma to goe up into the Sotie ofhis louſe which they were battering with ſtones;and
to command his ſubjecs to ceaſe from their hear and tury ; who at Correz his requeſt
wentup and leaned oyer the wall to talke with them, and beginning to ſpeak unto
thein, chey threw ſo many ſtones out of the fireet, houſes, and windows, that one
happened ro hit .fontezzma 0n the temples of the head, with which blow he fell down
deac? to the ground; and this was his end, evenar the hands of his own ſubje&s and
vaſlalsagaintt their wils ,, in the City of his greareſt glory, and in the. power and Cu=
ſtody ot a forainand ftrange nation. The 1-4ians affirme that he was of the greateſt
bloud of all his linage , and the greateft King in eftate that ever was in 2ſexico. And
from hence it may yery well be noted, that when Kingdomes do moſt flouriſh ; thet
are they nigheſt ro a change, or elſe to change their Lord,as doth appear in this Hiſto.
ry of 17catexuma , whoſe great glory and majeſty preſaged the downfall of that City
and people; who though after the death, of Afonrezuma they made ©,aburimec their
Emperour, and perſiſting in their furious battery againk, Cortez. his palace, cauſed him
andall his Spaniards to flieout of Mexico; yer having ſtrengthened themſelyes again
in Tlaxcallan ; and prepared ſixteen, or as others ſay, eighteen Vergantines for the lake;
they ſoonafter beſieged AZexico ſo by water and land, that the Citizens werein great
neceſlicy, and ſo many dead with hunger and fickneſſe, rhat there were heaps of
dead bodtesin the houſes; only to keep cloſe their extreme miſery ; who wonld not
yeeld even when they faw their King 2-ahutirec his fair houſes burned;and the greateſf
, PArt

 

 
 

A New Survey of ſſtloe Weſt-Indies,

part of their City conſumed with fire and beaten down plain with the ground, ſo
long as they could injoy any one ſtreet, Tower , or Temple to defend rhemſelves and
oppſioſe the Spaniards ; who after many fierce and bloudy fights by la_nd and with
their boats by water having wonne the chief Market place apd moſt ofthe City, as
they went walking inthe ſtreets found heaps of dead bodies in the houſes , ftreets,
andinthe water, andthe very barks of trees and roots gnawn by the hungry crea-
tures, and the men fo lean and yellow that it wasa pitifull ſight ro behold. And
with' this Cortez yet required them to yeeld ; bur they alchough they were ſo lean
of body were ftrong in heart,” and anſwered that he ſhould nor ſpeak. of any
friendſhip to them , nor yer hope of their ſpoil, for when, no forrune'would fayour
them, then they would either burne their treaſure, or throw it into the Lake, where
they ſhould never profit thereby,, and that they would fight while one alone ſhould
remain alive.

Cortez, deſirousto ſee what remained of the City to win, went up into a high
Tower, and having well viewed the City , he judged that of eight parts one remained
yerto win. And afſaulting the ſame, the forrowfull Citizens bewailing their unfor-
tunate fareand deſtiny, beſeeching the Spaniards to make an end, and to Kill them
all out of hand ; others ſtanding at the brim ofthe water near unro a draw-bridge cri-
ed out, Oh Caprain Correz, ſeeing that thou art the Child of the Sun, why doſt chou
not intreat the Sun thy Father to make an end of us? Oh thou Sun that canſt goe
roundabout the World ina day and a night, we pray thee make an end of us and
take us out of this miſerable lite, for we defire death to go and reſt with our God Quer-
cxruatlh who tarrieth for us. Cortex. ſeeing the great extremity that theſe poor wretched
people were in, thinking now that they would yeeld untohim, ſent a meſlage ro
9ruahutime , defiring him to conſider his Subjecs great extremity, which yet might
be greater if he yeelded not to Peace. But when the tubborn King heard this ambaſſage,
he was ſo moved with ire and choler, that forthwich he commanded Correz his
Ambaſſadour to be facrificed , and 'gave the reſt of the Spaxiards that went with him
for anſwer blowes with ſtories, ftaves and Arrowes , aying that they defired death
and no Peace. Whereupon CGortez ſeeing the King ſo flubborn and refracory. after ſo
much ſlaughter and miſery of his ſubjets, after ſo many Combares and skirmiſhes
tnadewith the lofſe of almoſt all the Ciry, ſfent forthwith Sandoval with his Vergan-
tines one way, and went himſelf another combaring the houſes and forts that yet
remained, where he found ſmall reſiſtance, ſo that he mighe do, what he pleaſed.
One would havethought there had not been five thonſand leftin all the City , ſeeing
the heaps of dead bodies that lay about the ftreersand inthe houſes,and yer ſuchwas
this laſt combate, thatthere were that day flainand taken priſoners forty thouſand per-
ſons. The lamentable cry and mourning of the women and children, would haye made a
ftrong heart relent, the ſtench alſo ofthe dead bodies was wonderfull noyſome. Thar
nighr Cortez purpoſed to make an end the next day of the Warres; and ®yahurimec
prerended to 'flie, and for that purpoſe had enbarked himfelf in a Caxea of twenty
Oares. When the day appeared, Cortez with his men,  and four Pieces of Ordinance
came to the corner where thoſe that yet remained were ſhut up as Cattell ina Pound.
He gave order to Sandoval and Alvarado what they ſhould do, which was to be rea-
dy with their Vergantines, and to watch the coming out of the Cana's, which were
hidden betwixt certain houſes, and eſpecially to have regard unto the Kings perſon,
and not to hurt him, bur totake him alive. He commanded the reſidue of his men
to force the exican boates to goe out, and he himſelf went up into a Tower, in-
quiring for the King, where, he found X;hacoa, Goyernour and' Captain Generall
ofthe City, who would in no wiſe yeeld himſelf. Then came out of the City a great
multitude of old folkes, men, women and children to take boat. The throns was
fſo great with haſtto enter the Cama's, that many by that means*were drowned in
the Lake. Correz required his men not to kill thoſe miſerable creatures ; But yer he
could nor ſtay the 1ndians his friends of Tlaxcallan, and other places, who ſlew and 1
facrificed above fifteen thouſand. The men of War ftood in the houſe roppes, and
Zoties beholding their perdition. All the Nobility of 2exico were enbarked with the
King. Then Correz” gave ſigne' with, the ſhot of a hand-gun , that his. Caprains
ſhould be in a readinefſe, fo that in ſhort ſpace they wan fully and wholly the
great City of 2exico. The Vergantines likewiſe brake in among the Fleet of bſimts

without

 

4.

 
 

F . : b
A New Survey of the.W eſt-Indies.
b withour'any refiſtanceLand preſ%ntlzz bear down 2ahtimec his Royall Standard. Gar-
{d cia Holexin who was a Caprain of one of the Vergantines, eſpied a great Cana of
l rwenty Oares deep laden with men , who. ( being by one' of his priſoners informed
$ that che King was init?) gave chaſe roit and prejently overtookit. When , 2 yahxri-

: c, who ſtood upon the Puppe of his Canca ready to fight, fawthe Spaniards Crofle-
d bowes bent to ſhoot,, and many drawn ſwords againſt him ; he yeelded himſelf, de-
d claring that he was King. Garcia Holgain beinga glad man of ſuth a priſoner took
n himand carried him unto Cortez,, who. received him very refpe&fully. But when
ly 9rahutiane came near unto him., he laid his hand upon Correz his dagger;. taying, 1
it have done allmy. beit and poſlible endeyour to defend my ſeifand my: Vaſſals accor-

 

 

3 ding to my duty, hoping notto have cometo this eftare and place where now Iftand ;
d and conſidering that you may do with me what you. pleaſe; I beſeech you to: kill

me, and that is my only requeſt. Cortez comforred him with fair words, giving
h him hope- of life; - and rook him up into a Zotie, requiring him to command*his
N Subje&s that yet held out , to yeeld and render themſelves. Which \©zaharimoc pre-
N ſently performed ; and ar that rime' after ſo many -Priſonerstaken, and 10 many thou-
l ſands flain and ftarved, there were abourt threeſcore and ren thoutand perſons., who
N ſeeing their Princea Priſoner., threw down their weapons and ſubmitted rhemſelyes:
T. Thus did Hernands Gortez winne” the famous and ftarely City of Mexico; on the 13.
e day of Angyſft, An Dom. 1521. In remembrance whereof every year on that day
d they make in /Zexico a ſumptnous- fealt and folemne proceſlion, .wherem is carried
I the Standard Royall, with the which the Ciry was wonne. In the loſſe of it was
d as much tobe obſerved as Antiquity can produce of any Victory ; wherein was one
n | Emperour the greateſt thar. ever was in thoſe parts ſlain; and anorher as great a War-
m rier as ever. America had known , taken* Priſoner. The Siege endured from the time
| the Vergantines came-from Tlaxcal/ay three moneths, and thereinwere on Correz his
"n ſide near 200000 1ndians, who daylyincreafed and cameinto help him, 900 Spaniards;
1 - foureſcore horſes only , {eventeen or eighteen Pieces of Ordinance; fixteenor as ſome
k fay eighteen/Vergantines, and at leaſt '6000' Cawa's. In this Siege were flain fifty

Spaziards only-and fſix horſes, and not aboveeight thouſand'of the Indians Cortes his
friends. : Andon the exrcans fidewere flain ar leaſt a hundred and' twenty thou-
ſand 1:4ians , beſides thoſe that died/with hunger and Peſtilence. Ar the defence'of
the Ciry were- all the Nobiliry, by reaſon whereof many- of them were flain.
The 'multirude of people in the City»wasſo great ,- that they were conftrained to/ edt
little, to drink falt water , and to fleepamong the deadbodies ;-whiere was a borri-
? ble ſtench'; and for theſe cauſes the diſeaſe of Peſtilence fell -among' them, and there-
of diedan infinite number:. - Whereupon is to be confidered rheir valour, and fted-
fait determinarion;' for although theywereaMiRed with fuch hunger thar they were
driven to eat bonghs, rindes! of trees,” and' to- drink” falt water, yet would they nor
yeeld themſelves. And here alfo is to benoted, that although the 7exrcans did eat mans
ſſ fleſh, yet they did eat none but ſuch as were their enemies ;" for 'had  they 'earen one
| another and® their own children, there would not ſo many have died 'with hunger.
The 2/exican women-were highly commended, nor only becauſe they *abode with
their husbandsand fathers; bur alſo for the great pains'they took with the fick and
wounded perſons ; yeaand-alfſo they laboured in making flings, cuttins' Rones fir
for the ſamey. and throwing' ſtones from the Zorzes ; for therein they did as much hurr
as their 'men:” The City was-yeelded to- the ſpoil; and the Spaniards took the
sold, plate-and feathers; the' 7zdian friends had all the reſt' of cloth and other ftuffe.
Thus was that famous Ciry ruinated ,” and: burnt by the Spaniards, and the power of
thart Nationbrought under the $panifs fubjeftion. Cortez having found'the aire of
that City very temperate and 'pleaſant for 'mans life, and the fituation commodious,
thought preſently of rebuilding-it, and of 'making it the chief'Seat of Juſtice and Court
for allthat Country. Buthefore Icometo! ſpeak of irtas rebuildedand now flouriſh-
ings, 1 muſtadd unto what hath been faid of Afonrezama his former fate and houſes
in it, the greatneſſe of the -Market place and Temple, which was in ir, whenthe Spani-
ards ruined anddeſtroyedit.” © The conveniencie of the Lake about this City gave en-
couragement to the A7ex;cans to ſet apart a moſt ſpacions Market place,, whither all
the Country.about might reſort to- buy, exchange and' ſell; which was the more ca-
fie for themby reaſon of the abundance ofBoats which were made only for fuch Tra-

Þ fique.

 
 

5 AN Swogef W.

 

 

ſſſique. In this great lake there were at that time above two hungred thouſand of theſe lit-
tle boats, which the Indians call Acalles, and the Spaniards callthem Camoa's, wrought
likea kneading trough , ſome bigger then orhers according to. the greatneſſe of rhe
body of the tree,whereof they are made. And whereI number two hundred choufand of
theſe boats, Iſpeak of the leait, for A7cxicoalone hadabove fifry thouſand ordinarily
to carry and bring unto the Ciry victuall, provition, and paſſengers, fo that on the
market-daies all the ftreets of water were full of them. The Market is called in_the
Indian tongue T lanquiztli ; every pariſh had his Market place to buy and fell in; bur
Mexicoand Tlatelulco only, which are the chiefeſt Ciries, had great Fayres and places fir
for the ſame ; andeſpectally 2Zexico had one place , where moſt daies in the year was
buying and ſelling ; bur every fourth day was the great Market ordinarily. This place
was wide and large,compaſſed about with doores, and was ſo great that a hundred thou-
ſand perſons came thither to chop and change, asa City mott principall inall that regi-
or.  Every occupation and kind of merchandize had his proper place appointed, which
no other might by any means occupie or diſturb.. Likewile peſterous wares had their
place accordingly , ſuch as ſtone, timber, lime, bricke and all fuch kind of ſtuffe
unyrought, being neceſſary to build withall. Alſo mattesboth fine and courſe, of
ſundry workmanſhip ; alſo coales, wood, and all forts of earthen veſſels, glazed and
painted very curiouſly. Deere skinnes both raw and tanned inthair, and withour hair,
of many colours, for Shoemakers , for Bucklers, Targets, Jerkins, and lining of
woodden corſlets , alſo skinnes of other beaſts, and towle in feathers ready dreſſed of all
ſorts. The colours and firangeneſhd thereof was a thing wonderfull to behold. The richeſt
merchandize was falt, and mantles of Cotton wool of divers colours, both great and
ſmall; ſome for beds, other for garments and clothing, other for Tapiſtry to hang
houſes; other Cotten-cloth was wont to be ſold there tor linnen drawers ( which to
this day the /ndiaxs uſe) for ſhirts, table-clothes, towels and fuch like things. There
were alſo mantles,'made of the leaves of atree called 2et4, and of the Palme-tree and
Conie-bair , which were welleſteemed,  being very warme, but the Coverlets made of
feathers were the beſt. They ſold thred there made of Conje-haire, and alſo skains
of other thred ofall colours. - But the great tore of poultrey which was brought to
that Market was ſtrange to ſee, and the uſes they ſold and bought them for ; for al-
though they dideat the fleſh of the fow!,' yet the feathers ſerved for clothing, mixing
one {ort with another.  Bur the chief bravery of ithat market was the place where gold
aad feathers joyntly wronght were ſold ; for anything that was in. requeſt, was there
-ively wrought in gold and feathers and gallant colours. The Indians were ſo expert
and perfeR inthis ſcience, that they would work or makea butter-flie, any wild beaſt,
trees, roſes, flowers, herbs, roots, or any other thing ſo lively that it was a thing mar-
yellousto behold. It happened many times that one of theſe workmen_ in-a whole day
would eat nothing, only to place one feather in his due. perfe&ion, turning and toſ-
ſing the feather to the light of the Sun,, into the ſhade or darke place to ſee where was
his moſt naturall perfe&ton, and till his work were finiſhed he would neither eat nor
drink. There are few nations of ſo much fleam or ſubſtance. ; The art, - or ſcience of
Gold-ſmiths among them was themoſt curious, and very good workmanſhip en graver
with tooles made of flint or in mould. They will caſt a. platter in mould with eight
corners, andevery corner of ſeverall metall, the one of gold, and the other. of filyer,
without any kind of ſolder. They will alſo found or caſt a little cauldron with looſe
handles hanging thereat, as we uſe to caſt a bell,; they will alſo caſt in mould a fiſh of
metall, with one ſcale of filyer on his back, and another-of gold ; they will make a
Barret or Popingay of metall, that his tongue ſhall ſhake , and his head move, and his
wings flutter ; they will caſtan Ape in mould, that both hands and feet ſhall flir ;
and hoida ſpindle in his hand ſeeming to. ſpin, yea andan apple in-his hand as though
he would eat it. They haveskill alſo of Amell work and to fet any. pretious tone. But:
now as touching the market, there was to ſell Gold, Silver; Copper, Lead, Latten, and
Tin; although there was but very little of the three laſt metals mentioned. There
were pearls, pretious ſtones, divers and ſundry-ſorts of ſhelles, and bones, Sponges ,
and Pedlers ware. There. were alſo many. kind of herbs, roots, and fſeeds, as well
70 be eaten, as for medicine ; for both men., women and children had great know-
ledge inherbs, for through poyerty and neceſficy they did feek them- for their ſuſte-
nanee and help oftheir infirmities and diſcaſes. They did ſpend lictle among Phyſlilcian_;\,.
- althoug

C CCCeCClCCCC_lllclcCcCcCccccllagoaolllCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CS
D em

 
 A-New Surveydf the W eſt-Indies.

although/rhere were fome-of rhat art, and many-Apothecarics, who did bring inro
the marker; oyntments, ſyrups, waters, and orher drugs fir for fick perſons. They cure
all diſeaſes almoſt wirhherbs 3 yea as much as for to kill lice rhey have a proper herb
for the purpoſe. - The ſeverall kinds'of meats to be ſold was without number, as Snakes
without head: and \tail,itrle dogges-gelt, Monules, Rats, Long-wormes, Lyce,
yea and akinde ofearth; for at one ſeaton in the year they had mers-of Mayle, with
the whichthey raked up.acertain duft;tharis breduponthe warerofthe lake of Aſex-
c0,// and: rhat 15 kneaded rogerher like unto/-0as: of the ſea:) | They+ gathered much of
this and: kepr it 1n/heaps, and made thereof-cakes:like unto!brick-bats. 'And they
did:not only ſell 'this ware in the Market , bur alfo fentir-abroad-ro-orher” Fayres and
markets a far off; andthey did eat this meal with as good a ftomach -as we ear cheeſe :
yea and.they bold opinion, char this sknmme or-fatnefſe of the water is the cauſe that
tuch great number offowl cometh rothe'lake, which- in the winter"-ſeaſon' is infinire.
They fold-likewiſe'in this Marker Veniſon-by:quthrtersor whole; as Does,; Hares,
Contes, and Dogges,”and many- other- beafts, which.:rhe brought-up' for the -pur-
poſe and took in hunting. - 'The great ſtore of ſundry kinds of truits was marvellous,
which were thereſold; both green and-ripe.:©There' is a- ſorr-as big as an Almond
called Cacas (whereof is the drink' called/ Chocolartewell 'known now in Chriſtendome )
which'is both meat andeurrant money: Intheſe times of the bigger ſort ſix{core 'or
ſevenſcore, and bftheilefſer fort two hundred-axe-worth a Spaniſh Riall, which  is
ſixpence, and with theſe the 734iaus buy what they'liſk;” for:five,nay for-two- Cacao's
which is a very ſmall-part of a-Riall,” they:do-buy truirs and:rheike. There were di-
vers kinds of coloursto be ſold, which they made of roſesy flowers, fruits, barkes of
trees, and other” things very: excellent:® All thethings -recitedyand many others which
Iſpeak nor' of, were fold in this grear market; -and m every”orher. Market of 242xj-
co; and all the ſellers payeda certain ſummetor.cheir ſhops or ſtandings to the King ,
as a cuſtome; and they were. to be preſtvyed anddefended from-theeves and robbers.
And for that purpoſethere went Serjeants and Officer$'up atid:ddyn-rhe market to eſpie
out 'malefaRors. In' the!midſt'of  this Market ftood:an houſe.j which wasto be ſeen
throughont the Fayte, andthere did ſi commonly rwelve ancient men for Judges to
diſpatch law matters. Their bnyingand ſelling was to.change one ware for another,
one gayeahen for a bundle of Maiz, -others gave mantles for ſalr- or money which: was
Cirao. They had meaſure and ftrike for all kindeof corne, andother earthen meaſures
for hony and oil, andſuch winesas they made of Palme-rrees.," and other roots-and
trees: * Andifany meaſure were falſified, they puniſhed the Offenders and brake-their
meaſures. This was the civility they had when they were Heathens,for buying and ſelling.
And although they knewnot the true God, but worſhipped Idols yet to-their Idols and
rothe Devill they dedicated Templesand places of worſhip, wherein they uſed thoſe
facrifices which Dav3d ſpeaks of in Pſal. 106. 37. ſaying, They ſacrificed their ſons and their

danghters wnto Devils. M
The Temple is calledin the 1/exican language Texcall;, which is a compound word
of Textl, which"ſignifierh God, and Cals, which fignifieth a houſe.  There were in
Mexico many pariſh'Churches with towers; wherein were Chappelsand Alrars where
the Images and{dols didRand.; Alltheir Templeswere of one faſhion; the like T be-
lieve was never” ſeen nor heard of: © And therefore it ſhall be now ſufficient to deſcribe
the chief and Sreareſt-Temple, - which was as' their Cathedrall Church. This Tem-
ple wasſquare, and did contain every wayas much ground as a Croſſe-bow can reach
levell. Tt was made'6f ftone; with four dores that aburted upon the three Cawſeys ;
and nponanother part of the City that had no Cawſey , bur a ſair fireet. In the midft
of this Quadern ſtood a mount of earch and Rone ſquare likewiſe, and fifty fadome
tong every way , built upward like unto a pyramide- of e/£gypr, ſaving that the top was
notſharpe , but plainandflat, andten fadome ſquare. Upon the Welt ide were ſteps
up tothetop, in tumber ahandred and fourteen/, whichs being ſo many , bigh and
tnade of '$o0d ftone, did'ſeem a beantifull ching.”vIc was a ſtrange ſightro behold rhe
Priefts, fome going up; and ſome down with ceremonies , 'or with men'to be facrifi-
ced. Upon thetop 'of this Temple' were two- 'great Altars,”a good ſpace diſtant the
one_from_theorher;/and ſo-nigh rhe-edge or brimme of the wall;that ſcarcely a man
tmight 86 behind chemar pleaſure:The one Altarſtood 0n theright hand, and rhe-other
onrhs left * they werebut of fivefoot high: each-of themhad the back'part mz:ie of
F 2 oneg

 
 

" 4 New Survey of the Weſt-Indies, |

 

ſtone, painted with monſtrous and foul figures. The Chappell was fair and well wrought
of Maſons work and timber ; every Chappell had three lofts one above another,ſuſtaine4
upon pillars, and with the height thereof'it ſhewed like unto a fair tower, and beautified
che Ciry a far off. From thence a man mighr ſeeall the City and Towns round about the
jake, which was undoubtedly a goodly proſpe&. And becauſe Correz and his company
ſthould ſeethe beauty thereof, Moptezara himfſelf (to make the more oftentation of-his
greatneſſe and the Majeſty of his Court) carried the firſt Spaniards thither, and ſhewed
them all the order of the Temple, even from the foot to the top. There was a certain-plot
or ſpace for the Idoll Prieſts to celebrate their ſervice withour diſturbance of any. Their
generall prayers were made toward the rifing ofthe ſun ; upon each Altar ftooda great
1doll.

Beſides this tower whichRood upon the Pyramide, there were fourty towers great
ard ſmall belonging to. other little Temples which ſtood in the ſame circuite ; the which
although rhey were of the ſame:making, ;yet their proſpe& was not Weſt-ward , but
other waies, becauſe there ſhould-he a difference betwixt the great Temple and them.
Some of theſe Temples were bigger then others, and every one of a ſeverall God; a-
mons.the which therewas one round Temple dedicated to the God of the  aire called
Puecalcivart;for evenasthe aire goeth roundabour the heavens, even for that conſide-
ration they made this Temple round.  Theentrance of that Temple had a dore made
like unto the mouth of a Serpent, and was painted with - foule and devilliſh geftures,
with great teeth and gummes wrought, which was a fight to fear thoſe that ſhould en-
ter in thereat, and efpecially the Chriſtians unto. whom ir repreſented hell ir ſelf
with that ugly face and monſtrous. reeth. +-There were other Teucallies in the City,
that had the aſcending up-by ſtepsin three places ; and all theſe Temples had houſes-by
themſelves with all ſervice belonging to them, and Priefts , and particular Gods. And
from this manner of theſe Heathens. Temples, 'and Altars made with ſteps, we may
obſerve how like unto.thein'is. now'the Church of Reowe, which as it confeſſeth. that
there- _never was:a Church withour a _viſible facrifice, and therefore reacheth thar
Chriſts body muſt be broken upon' their Altars, and diſtribured riot only as a'facrament
to the people, but asa-ſacrifice inthe Prieſts hands, differing only thar-the facrifices, of
Sheep and Oxen in the old law,, and theſe of the Heathens were bloudy facrifices, but
theirs of Criſts body  they call / ncrwentum Sacrificium, an unbloudy facrifice ; fo
likewiſe inthe buildings of their Churches with ſeverall Towers and Altars and Chap-
pels dedicated'to ſeyerall Saints they ſeem to have taken from the: yery Heathens ; but
eſpecially.in thermany ſteps'whereby they aſcend upro their Altars, they reſemble cheſe,
forgetting Gods wordsin' Exod. 20. 26. faying, Neither ſhalt thou goe #p by ſteps unto
mine Altar, that 'thy nakedutſſe be not« diſcovered thereon. And laſtly in their houſes and
Cloiſters joyning to their Churches for rhe ſervice of them, being full of idolatrous
Prieſts and Fryers.conſecratedfor their fervice, they ſeem likewiſe to have borrowed
that fancy of Convents, Abbeys, and Priories from the very Heathens , who (as: pre-
ſently Tſhall ſhew ) had near joyning to this great Temple, houſescontaining thou-
fands of Prieſts, . with yearly rents and revenues, like thoſe of Rowes Abbeys, and
Cloitters.” 'Ar every dore of this great Temple of Hexicoſtood a large hall, and goodly
lodgings both highand low roundabout, which houſes were common Armories for the
Ciry. The Heathens it ſeems had ſo much underſtanding as to know that the force and
ſrength of a Town,City,or Countryis the Temple, andtherefore they placed there their
Rorehouſe of munition.

They hag other darke houſes full of Idols great and ſmmall, wrought of ſundry me-
tals, which were all bathed and waſhed with blood, and did ſhew very black through
their daily ſprinkling and anointing them with the ſame , when any man was facrifi=
ced; yeaand thewals were an inch thick with bloud, and the ground a foot thick
ofit, ſo that there was a devilliſh ſtench. The Priefts went dayly into thoſe Ora-
tories, and ſuffered none other but grear perſonages toenterin. And when any ſuch
- went.in, they were bound to offer ſome manto be facrificed, that thoſe bloudy hang-

menand Minifters of the Devill might waſh their hands in the bloud of thoſe ſo ſacrikgl-
ced, and might ſprinkle their houſe therewich. For their ſervice in the Kitchin they
hada pond of water, that was filled once a year,, which was broughr by the Con-

duit pipes before mentioned, from the principall fountain. All the refidue of the fore«'

Haig circuit ſerved for places ro breed fowles, with gardens of.herbs and freer tregsl;
Wt

 
 

Wct_ - | -
A New Survey of the W eſt-Lndies.

l with roſesand flowers for the Altars; and this is alſo-the Church 'of Romes. cuſtome
el and ſuperſtition, to trim and deck rheir Saints'and Altars with Garjands-and Crowns
ed of Roſes and other flowers. Such, fo great and ſtrange was this Temple. of 24exico,
he for the ſervice ofthe Devill, who had deceived thoſe imple adians. :There did reſide
iny 4 (asI faid betore of Monkes and Fryers in their Cloifters.joyning to their Churches )
his in this Temple and houſes joyning to. it, continually tive thouland perions, and all
ved theſe were lodged and had their living there ; for that Temple was marvellous rich,
lot and had divers Towns only, for their majntenance, and' reparation., .and- were-bound
Wir to ſuſtain the ſame alwayes 0n foot. . Theſe Towns did fow. corn, .and-maintain all
ttat thoſe five, thouſand perions with bread, fleſh, fiſh; and firewood as much_ as they,

needed, for. they ſpent more firewood then was ſpent in the Kings Court. Theſe,per-
reat ſons did live like Remes! Abby-lubbers at their hearts eaſe, as ſervants.and vaſſals-unts
ch the Gods,| which were many ; and eyery God had ſeyerall ranks. and Orders of Prieſts
but ro ſerve him; asthe ſeverall Saints canonized by the Popes of Rome have under them

diſtint Religious Orders of Priefts, Dominick hath Dominicans, , Francis Franci-
' ſcans, Beneai& BenediCtines, Baſil Bafilians, Bernard Bernardines, Auguſtin Auguſtines,
alled and the - like. ct LOSIBORE D T. R
ide The Gods of Aexico (as the Indians reported to. the firſt Spaniards.) were two
ade thouſand in 'inumber; the chiefeſt were  V;rzslopuchtls, and Texcatlipuca, whoſe Ima-
ges ſtood highelt in the Temple upoa the, Altars.  They, were made of Rone in full
ets proportion as big asa Gyant. | They were covered with a lawne called Nacar; they.were
l beſet  with ., pearls, pretious ſtones, and- pieces of gold, wrought  like birds, beaſts
m fiſhes,and flowers, adorned with Emeralds, Turquies, Chalcedons, and other little fine
ſſs byſſ ſones, ſo that whenthe lawne wastaken away, the Images feemed very beautifull and
glorious. to behold. Buc, muſt I find -out' Rowe ſtill among theſe Heathens? and will

:ſſ: the Papiſts;be angry if I tellthem plainly that whar Imiſlike in theſe Idolatrous exi-
the cans, Imillike in them? for do not rhey deck and adorne their Idol Saints, as 'the
is heathens did 75rz4lopuchtli and Texcatlipaca ? Do not they cover their woodden and
; ſtony ftatuesof  Saints ,. and of the, Virgin' ary with: fine lawne ſhirts ,and hide
ſſſif them with. curtaines-of cloth/ of Gold ; and;crowne them with Crowns of Silver: and
£ Gold, and enrich them with. coſtly and: pretious Jewelsand Diamonds : not conſider=
7 ing that they are the works of their own hands? Ad qu5d perdirio_ bac ? poterant enins
h venundari.,. & dari pauperibus.; Theſe two Tndian Idols had for a-girdle \great ſnakes
l of gold, and, for collars or.chainesabout their necks ten hearts of men made of gold
K and each of them had a:counterfeit Viſor with eyes of glaſſe,,and intheir necks Death
f, painted.. Theſetwo Gods were brethren, for Tezcatlipuca was the God of Providence,
# and Y;tz;lopuchtl, God.of the Warres z who,was worſhipped and feared:; more then
i all the reft... There-was another God, who- had a great Image placed upon the top
B of the Chappell of Idols,-and he was eſteemed for a ſpeciall and ſingular God above
i all thereſt... This God was. made of all. kinde of ſeeds thar, grow in that; Countrey ,
- which being ground, they madea certain paſte temperedwith childrens bloud: and Vir-
W- gins facrificed, who were opened with raſors intheir breſts, andtheir hearts. raken our,
wl to offer as firit fruits untothe Idol.. The Prieſts conſecrated'this Idoll with great pompe
ly and many Ceremonies: .. All-the Comarcans and Citizens were preſentat the Conſecra-
g tion with great triumph and, incredible; deyotion.  After the- Conſecration many. de+
| vout perſons-came and.ſticked in the .dowy;Image pretious ſtones, 'wedges: of-gold,
) and other Jewels.  And. after allthis pompe ended, no ſecular man mi ght.touch thax

holy Image;.no nor yet,.come. into; his Chappell ; nay ſcarcely religious perſons,
: except they were Tluwacazth ,. who were Prieſts of.Order.  They.:d1d tenew this”
b Image many. times with new- dough-., raking away the' old.- And then -(4like again
q unto_ the. Papifts who think themſelves : happy with their $aints, reliques , though
< ragges or bones,) bleſſed was he that could ger one piece of the old ragges, or-4 ;piece

of the olddough, for the which there was moſt earneſt ſuits,made þy the Souldiers
x who thought themſelves ſure therewith 1n the Warres. Alſo at the conſetration of
; this Idoll; a. certain veſlell: of .water was bleſſed with - many words and ceremonies
' ( peradyenture_from this heatheniſh: Ceremonie came the ſuperſtitious holy. water to
, Rome ) and that water was. preſerved yery religiouſly. at the foot of the Ajtar, forto

conſecrate the King when he ſhould be_crowned, and alſo to. bleſſe any Caprain

Generall ; when he ſhould beeleRed for the Warres,, with only giving hima draughtf
F z ſi of

- F  rs n— SI O22n mn

 
 

" A New Survey of the Weſt-Indies,

 

© of thatwater. i And'as the Romih Church makes much of their'dead mens skulles
and rotten bones,” laying them up in their Churchyards under ſome arches made for
that purpoſe in the Church wals, even fo wasit here in AZexico; tor without this Tem-
ple, and overagainſt rhe principall door thereof, a ftones caft diſtant ſtood a Char-
nell houſe only of dead mens heads, priſoners 1n Warres and facrificed with * the
knife. This monument was made like unto a Theatre, more large then broad,wrought
of-lime and ftone, with- aſcending ſteps;" in the wals whereof was graffed betwixt
ftone and ſtone a skull with the teeth outwards. Ar the foor and head ofthis Thearre,
were two towers made only of lime and skulles , the teeth outward, which having
no other ſtuffe in the wall leemed a ftrange fight. Arandupon thetop of the Theatre,
were threeſcore and ten poles, ſtanding the one from the other four or- five' foor di-
ſtant, andeach of them was full of ftaves from the foot to the top. Each of theſe
{taves had others made faſt unto them,, andevery one of them had five skulles broch-
ed through the temples. When the Spaniards firk entred into Mexico'as friends' be-
fore the death of Aontezwma they vilited all theſe monuments; and in whar they
have written and tranſmitted"to poſterity of thar City , 1t is recorded of one Andrew
de Tapia, and Gonzalo de Vmbria that one day they did reckon theſe skulles,andfound
ahundred thirty and fix thouſfand $kulls on'the poles, ftaves and ſteps. *The other
'Fowers were repleniſhed our of number ; and'there were men appointed , that when
one skull fel,”to ſet upanother inhis place,' ſo that the number' might never wane.
But all theſe Towersand' Idols were pulled down, and conſumed with fire, when the
Spaniards wanne that City.  And certainly*they had been more renowned in de-
Koying thoſe Altars of the-Devill andthoſe Tdoll Gods, ifintheir tead they hadnor
ſet up new Tdols'and Saints of ſtocksand- ftones', and- built-unto- them as many more
Churches asthey foundat” their coming thither. All/therefore that hath 'been men-
tioned hitherto of Monteznma his houſes' and Gardens;' of the ſpacious Market place,
and - Temples of that Citywas' utterly-deſtroyed and brought downe 'to-the. very
ground. 'But Cortez reedified it again , not-only for the fituation and majeſty, bur.
alſo for thenameand great fame thereof. 'He divided-it among' the *Conqueronrs,
having firſt taken out places for Churches,” Market places/ 'Town-houſe and other
neceſſary plots'to build houſes,” profitable* for the Common-wealth.” He ſeparated
the dwellingsof the Spaniards from the 1:45ans, fo thatnow the water paſſeth and
maketh diviſion betwixt them. © He promiſed'ro them that were naturals of the City
of Mexico plotsto build upon , -inheritance, ffeedotne, and other liberries, and"rhe
likeunto all thoſe that would come and inhabir rhere ,” which was a means to-allure
many thither.' 'He ſet alſo at-liberty X;hzaco, the Generall' Captain, and made hita
chiet over the Tadians inthe City, unto'whom he gave a whole ftreet. 'He gave like-
wiſe another ſtreet to Don! Pedro Donteznma' who was fon to' Montezuma'the King.
All this was-done to win the favour*of the people. He- made other: Gentlemen
Seniors of little Iflands, and ſtreets to build upon, and to inhabit, and in this' order
the whole firuation was reparted, and the work began with great joy and diligence.
And when the fame was blowne abroad that 2/:xico ſhould be built again , it was a
wonder to ſee the peoplethat reſorted thither hearing'of liberty and freedome. 'The
numbers was ſo great that inthree miles compaſſe was nothing but people menand wo-
men. They laboured ſore and did eat little?, 'by reaſon' whereof many fickned;and
peſtilence enſued , whereof'died an infinite-number. "Their pains was great , for
they bare' 0n their backs,' and drew-after them ftones, earth, timber, lyme, brick,
and all other things neceſſaryin this ſort;' And'by little-and'little 2ex5zo was built
again with -a hundred thouſand honſes, more ftrong and better then the old building
was. © The /Spaniards buile their houſes after the .Spariſh faſhion; and Cortez built his
houſe upon the 'plot where*Afoytezuma his'houſe ftood, which' renteth now yearly
four: thouſand*duckats,” and /is called now' the Palace of the Marques Del Yalle,
. the King 'of " Spain having' conferred upon Cortez and 'his heires this title from the
Steat Valley of Graxaca. 'This Palace'is To ſtarely that (as T have obſerved before}
ſeven thouſand” beams of Cedar 'Trees were ſpent-in it. They built fair Dockes c0-
vered over with Arches'for the Vergantites; which Dockes for a perpetuallmemory
doe remainuntill this day.  They dammed up the ftreets of water, where now faire
houſes ſtand, 4o that A7exico'is not as it was wont to be,, and-efpecially fince the
year 1634. the water-cometh nor' by far'ſo” near .the Ciry 'asit was wont -to com;_

The

  
  
 
  
   
  
  
  

 

 
'A Zſi"\ſſſew Survey of the Weſt-Indies,

 

The Lake jometmes caſteth out a vapour-ot fench , but-otherwiſe it 45'a whoteſome
and temperate dwelling, by reaſon of rthe Mountains”that ftand+ round' abour ir,
and well provided rhroughthe tertiliry-of the Countrey,” and commodity-of the Lake;
So that now is 2exico oneof the greateſt Cities in the World in extention- of *the
fituation for $panijband 1pdian houtes. » Not many years after the*Conqueſt it was
the Nobleit City in all 7ad34 as wellin Armes as Policy. - There were. formerlyar the
IxNt -Jeaſt two thouſand Cirizens,, that had-each'of them his horſe in his ftable with rich
[e, furniture for them, and' Armes in readinefſe.  But now fince all the'*/zdizns far and
' _near areſubdued ; and moſt ot them eſpecially abourt 24zxico conſumed , and' there'is
no fear of their rifing up any more againſt the Spantards,; all armes are forgotren ,
and the Spaziards live fo ſecure from enemies, that thereis/neither Gate, Wall, Bul-
warke, Plarforme, Tower, Armory, Ammunition, or 'Ordinance'to ſecure 'and defend
the City from a Domeſtick 'or forain enemy ; from the' latter they/thinke 'St. Johy 4s
Ulhna ſafficient and ftrong enough to ſecure them.  But for Contractation it'is one
of thericheſt Cities in the World; to the-which by® the' North' Sea® cometh eevery
year from $pain a Fleet of near twenty ſhips laden with the beft Commodities not
only of Spaiz bur of the moſt parts of Chriftendome: 'And by the Sourh-Sea it en-
ther joyeth Traffique from all parts of Perz; and aboveall 'it Trades with the'Eaſt-India's,
len and from thence receivech the Commodities'as well from thoſe parts which are in-
nt. habired  by Porrizgals, as from the Conntries of 7apay' and Chiza ,"ſending; every
the year two great Caracas with two ſmaller Veſſels to the Ilands of Philippinas, and ha-
& ving every year a returne of ſuch like ſhips: | There is: alſo" in 27exico a'Minr houſe
'nat where Money is dayly coyned ; and'is' brought rhither in' wedges upon' Mules: from:
ivre the Mines called Sr. Lewss de Sacatecas, ftanding fourſcore Leagues from Aexzco
- Northward, and yet from'Sacatecas forward have the 'Spaniards entred\aboye a hun=
* dred Leagues conquering daily 1:d:ans, where they diſcover ſtore of Mines ; and 'there
, they have builc a City, called Nova Hexico, new Mexico.' The Indians there are great
hr Warriers, andhold' the'Spariards hard to it. Ir is thought” the Spaniard will not 'be'
fatisfied,” untill he ſubdue- all the Country: that way, which doubtleſfe reacherh' ro
our plantations of /V3rg7n:a and the reſt beingthe ſame continued continent land:There
al is yetmore in Mexico, a fair ſchoole, which'now is made an Vniverfity, ' which the
Viceroy Don' Antonio de Hendoza cauſed tobe built. At- the rebuilding of this City
_ there wasa great difference betwixt an Inhabitant of Aexico, and a Conquerour; for
a Conquerour was\a name” of honour, and had lands and rents given him and-to.
his poſterity by the King of Spaiz , and the Inhabitant 'or only dweller payed rent
for. his houſe. And this hath filled all thoſe parts 'of America with proucf Dons and

 

 

 

 

C Gentlemen tothis day; for every one will- call - himfelf a deſcendent- from a Con=
C querour, 'though he be as poor as fobz and aske him what is become"of his Eſtate
& and fortune, he will anfwer that fortune hath rakenitaway , whichſhall' never rake
, away a Doytrombim.. 'Nay a poor Cobler or Carrier that runs aboutthe Countrey
& far and near \getting hislivings with half a dozen Mules7if he be-called* 2endoza;;
K6 or Guzman, will ſwear that - he deſcended from thoſe”Dukes houſes"in'Spain , "and
FY that his Grand-father came from thence to! Conquer ; and ſubdued-whole: Countries
- to the Crown' of Spazn, though now fortune hath frowned upon him; and' covered
Y his rags-/witha thredbare Cloak.. When Aexico-was: rebuilt, and Judges, Alder-
f men, : Attorneys, 'Towne' Clerks , Notaries ,' Skavengers-; and: Serjeants: with all-6-
: ther Oficers necefſaryfor-the-Common=weale of a' City 'were'appointed,” the fameiof
, Cortez, and' majeity of the City was'blown-abroad* into far Provinces;, by means
t whereof-it: was ſoon repleniſhed  with' 7zd45ans' againe; 'and with "Spaniards from
g Spain , who: ſoon conquered/ above' foure hundred/+Leagues of Land;” being all
l governed by the Princely Seat of 4ezx3co.: But ſince. thar firſt rebuilding,” T may:
f fay it is now rebuilt the ſecond time'by Spaniards,” who: have confurmed moſt of
, the Tadians; fo that now T will not dare' to-fay there-are a-hundred thouſand hou-
; ſes which ſoon after the »Conquelt were: built up, for :moſtof them were of Indians:
} Now the 7dians that live there, livein the ſuburbs"of the City, and their ſituation!

is called Gzadalzpe. Inthe year 1625. when F'went” to''thoſe. parts ; this Suburbe
z was judgedto_contain five thouſand Inhabitants;" Bur ſince moſt ofthem have been

conſumed by the Spaniards hard uſage and'the work of theLake. 'So that nowr rhere
may not beabove'rwo thouſand Inhabitants of meer 144;2ns, and a thouſand of fuck!

 
 

A New Survey of the Wgſtſſ-ſſlſir_ldles

 

as.they call there Meſt;2os , who are of a mixt nature Of. Spaniards and indians, for j
many poor Spaniards marry with- 1:414s women , and others thar marry them no.
but hare their husbands,, find mady tricks to.convey away an innocent Uriah to enjoy
his Barhſbeba. The Spaniards daily couſen them. of the ſmall plot of ground where
their houſes ſtand; and of three or four houſes of 1»dians build up one good and fair
houſeafter the Spanih faſhion witrh Gardensand Orchards. And fo is altnoſt all Xext-
z new built with very fair and ſpacious houſes with Gardens of retreation. Their

buildingsare with ſtone, and brick very ftrong, bur not high, by reaſon of the many |
Earth-quakes , which would indanger rheir-houſes if they were above three ftories

bigh. _ The fireers are very broad , in thenarroweſt of them three Coaches may goe ,

and inthe broader fix may goein the breadth of them, which makes the City ſeem a

great deal bigger then it 4s, In my_ time;it. was thought, to be of berween thirry

and forty thouſandinhabitants: Spaniards , who are fo proud and rich, that half the

City was judged to keep Coaches,, for it was a. moſt credible report that in exico

inmy rime there were above fifteen thoufand Coaches. 1t/is a by-word that at 24exico

there are four. thingsfair , that is to ſay, the women, the apparell, the horſes, and

the ſtreets. |-But to this Imay add the beauty of ſome of the Coaches of the gentry,

which do exceed in coft the beſt 'of the Court of 24adrid. and other parts of Chriſten-

dome; for there they ſpare no'Silver, nor Gold, nor pretious ſtones, nor Cloth of

Gold, nor the beſt Siſkes from China to enrich them. And to thegallantry of their

horſes the.pride of ſome doth add the coſt- of bridles., and ſhooes of filver.  The

ſreets of Chriſtendome muſtnot compare-with thoſe in breadth and cleanneſſe , but

eſpecially in the- riches. of the ſhops which doadorn them. Aboye all the Goldſmiths

ſhops and works-are to be admired.. The 7ndians, and the people of Chizathat have

been made Chriſtians and eyery year come thither, have perfe&ed the Spaniards in

that Trade. . The Viceroy'that went thither the- year 1625. cauſed a Popingay to be
- made of: filver, .gold, and' pretious ſtones with' the-perfe& colours of the Popingays

feathers, (abird bigger thena/pheafant) with ſuch exquiſiceartand perfecion, to pre-

ſent.unto the King- of Spaiz, thatit was: prized- to be worth-in riches and workman=

ſhip half a Million of Duckats. - Thereis in the Cloifter of the Dominicans a lampe

hanging in the Church with'three hundred branches wrought in ſilver to-hold-ſo. many |
Candles;; beſides.an hundredlictle lampes for- oil-ſet _in it, every one being made with

ſeverall wormanſhip ſo exquiſitely, -tharirt is valued to be worth four hundred thouſfand

duckats ; and with ſuch like curious works-are many ſtreets made more rich and beauti-

full from theſhops of Goldſmiths:To the by-word touching the beauty of the women

Imuſt. add the-liberty they enjoy for gaming};, which is fuch rhat the day and nighc

is:to ſhort for them ro end a Primera when once it is begun; nay gaming is ſo com-

mon too them- that they invite -gentlemen-to their houſes forno other end.To my ſelfit

happened thar paſſing alongtheitreers in.company with a Fryer:that-came with me that

year. from Spainagentlewoman of great birth knowing us. to'be Chapetons (fo the call

the firſt yearthoſethat come-from Spaiz) :from her window. called unto-us, and af-

ter two or three flight queſtions: concerning '$pain. askedus'if we would come. in and

play with- her. a;Game art! Primera.. .Both men and women. are exceſlive in their ap-

parell, uſing more - ſilkes then ſtuffes and cloth ; pretious Stones and: Pearls: further

much *this-their 'vain oftentation-;. 4 hat-band and roſe made of Diamondsin a Gen-

tlemans har is-common; and-a--hat-band of Pearls is ordinary-in a Tradeſman; nay

a Blackmore 'or Tauny young -maide:and-lave-will make hard- ſhifr but ſhe will be

in faſhion with her Neckchain and Braceletsof Pearls, and: her Eare-bobs of ſome

confiderable Jewels:: The attire-of-this baſer ſort of people 'of Blackmores and Mulat-

ta's (which are of a-mixt nature,-of Spaniards and Blackmores).is ſo light, and their

carriage ſo-enticihg, that many-Spaniards even. of the better-ſort (who are too. too,,

proneto Venery ), diſdain their Wives for:themn.. Their clothing is a Petticoate, of

Silk -or Clorh,) with many filver. of golden; Laces, with a very broad double Ribband

of-ſome light colourwith long-ſilver or golden-Tags hanging:down before , the whole j
length: of their Pericoat tothe'ground; and: the like. behind; their Waſcoats made

like bodu;s,wuh Skirts, lace&likewiſe with gold or filver, without fleeves, and a- girdle ]
about their body of grear price ſtuck with Pearls' and-knots of -Gold, ( if they-be any |
wayes well: eſteemed of ) their fleevesare broad and openat the end, of Hol/and oor fine
Ching'linnen , wirought ſome with coloured filkes ; fome' with filke and. gold, ſomſi

wit

 
A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies,

with filk and filyer, hanging down almoſt unto the ground ; the locks of their heads are
covered with ſome wrought quoife, and over it another of net-work of ſilk bound with
a fair filk,or filver or golden ribband which croſſeth the upper part of their forehead -
and hath commonly worked out in letters ſome light and fooliſh love poſte; their bare,
black and tauny breſts are covered with bobs hanging from their chaines of pearls.
And when they go abroad, they uſe a white mantle of lawn or cambrick rounded
with a broad lace, which ſome put over their heads, the breadth reaching only to
their middle; behind., chat their girdle and ribbands may be ſeen,; and the two ends
before reaching to the groundalmoſt ; others caſt their mantles only upon their ſhoul-
ders, and ſwaggerers like,caſt the one end over the left ſhoulder, that chey may the
hetter jog the rightarme, and ſhew their broad ſleeve as they walke along:; others in-
ſicad of this mantle uſe ſome rich ſilke petticoat, ro hang upon their left ſhoulder, while
with cheir right arme they ſupport the lower part of it, more like roaring boyes,then ho-
neſt civil maids.Their ſhooes are high and of many ſoles, the outſide whereof of the pro-
faner forr are plated with a liſt offilver , which' is faſtned with ſmall nailes of broad
filver heads. Molt oftheſeare or bave been flayes, though love have ſer them looſe at
liberty,to enſlave ſoulsto finand Satan. And thereare ſo many of this kind both men and
women grown to a-height of pride and vanity, that many times the Spaniards have feared
they would riſe up and mutiny againſt them. And for the looſeneſle. of their lives, and
publick ſcandals conmitred by themand the betrer ſort of the Spaniards, T have heard
them fay often who have proteſſed more religiogand fear of God, they verily thoughe
Godwould deſtoy that City, and give up the Country into the power of ſome. other
nation.

I will not relate' particulars of their obſcene and ſcandalous, yea and publick cartia-
ges which would offend my Readers patience', and make his ears to tingle; only I
fay,.certainly God-is|offended with that ſecond Sodom , whoſe: inhabirants though
now they be like the green bay-tree flouriſhing with jewels, pearls, gold, filver, and all
worldly pleaſures ; They ſhall ſoon be cut down like the graſſe, and Wither as the' green herb,
P/al.37. 2. And though their great Maſter and. Cardinall Bel/armive:make outward
happineſſe and fouriſhing'a marke and note of a true Chnrch and Congregation of
Gods people; and of my ſelf Tcould fay with Davidin the73. P/al.2,3.. when I lived
blindly amongit them, 27 feet were almoſt. gone, my feet had well-nigh ſlipt; for 'T was
enviaus 'at the fouliſh, When 1 ſaw the proſperity of the Wwicked z yet now being enlightned
ina more ſure and certain truth, Iwill conclude of them, as: David of the flouriſhing
wicked men of his rimejin the ſame Chapter the 16, 17, 18:v. when I thought to know
this , 3t Was too painfull for me , untill 1 went into the Sanituary of God, they underſtoad 1
their ead. Surely thoy didſt ſet them in ſlippery places ; thou calleſt them. dawn to deſtruttion;
And T doubr not but the flouriſhing of 24exico in coaches, -horſes,' fireers, women,
and apparell isvery flippery, and will make thoſe proud inhabitans flip and fall into
the power and dominion of ſome other. Prince of this world, and hereafter in the
world to come,into the powerfull hands of an angry Judge, who is the King of Kings
and Lord of Lords, which Pax/ faith Heb. 10. 31. # a fearfull thing. For this City
doth nor only flouriſh in the wayes aforeſaid, but alſo in their ſuperftirious worſhipping
of God and Saints,they exceed Rowe it ſelf, andall other places of Chriftendome. An%
itis athing which Thave very much and carefully obſerved in all my travailes both in
Exropeand America, that in thoſe Cities wherein there is moſt lewd licentiouſneſle of life,
thereis alſo moſt coſt in the Temples, and moſt publick ſuperftitious worſhipping of God
and of the Saints. , ſi ;

It ſeems that religion teacherh that all wickedneſfe is allowable, fo the Churches and
Clergy flouriſh ; nay while the purſe is open to laſciviouſneſle, if it be likewiſe opened to
enrich the remple wals and roofes, this is better then any their holy water to waſh
away the filch of the other. Rowe is held to be the head of ſuperflition; and what
ſtately Churches , Chappels, and Cloiſters are in it 2 what faftings, what proceſſi«
ons, what appearances of devotion ?/and on the other ſide ; whar liberty,. whar pro-
faneneſſe, what whoredomes, nay what ſins.of Sodom are:committed in it? In fo
much that it couldbethe ſaying of a Fryer to my ſelf while E was init', that he yerily
thought therewas no one City in the world wherein were more Atheiſts then.in Rome.
T might ſhewthis rrath in A4adrid, Sevill, : Valadolid, and other famous Cities-irf
Spain, and in Italy,in Millan, Genoa and Naples, relating many inftances of ſcandals

come

57.

 

 

 

 
 

 

A New Survey of the Weſt-Indies.
commmgdſſ'ſinſichoſe places, gnd yet the Temples mighrily enriched by fuch who haye
thought thoſe almes adufficienc warrant to free them trom hellandPurgatory. But Lmuſt
retarn to Mexicowhich is mille teſtes of this truth, ſin and wickedneſfſe abour}ding in it;
and' yer no ſuch people incheworld zoward rhe Church and/ Clergy, who in their life
cime#rive- t0.exceed one another 1n cheir gifts to rhe Cloiſters of Nuns and Fryers,
fomeere@ing Altarsto their beſtdevotedSaints, worth' many thoufand thouſand duc-
kats, others preſenting crowns of gold to the pictures of 2ary, others lamps, others gol-
den chains, orhers building Cloikters ar their own charge, others repairing them, others
at-their death-leaving to themtwo or three thouſand duckars for an annuall 'ſtipend. A-
mong. thefe great BenefaGors to theChurches of thar City Iſhouldwrong my Hiftory
ifſhould forger one thar lived in my time, called Alonſo Cxellar, who was reported to
have a:Cloſer'in his houſe laid with bars of gold inftead of bricks;' chough indecd it was
not ſo, hut only reported for his abundant riches and ftore of barsof gold which he
hadin one cheft ftandingina cloſet diſtant from"another , where he had a cheſt full
of wedges of filver. This manalone built a Nunnery of Franciſcan Nuns, which ftood
himinabove thirty thouſand duckats, and lefr unto- ir for the'maintenance of the
Nuns two thouſand duckars yearly, with' obligation of ſome Maſſes, to be faid in the
Church every year for hisſoul after his deceafe. And-yer this manslife was ſo' ſcan-
dalous, thar commonly in the night with rwo ſervants he would round the City,viſi-
ting ſuch ſcandalous perſons whoſe artire |before hath been deſeribed,” carrying his
beadsin his hands, and at every houſe letting falla bead, and tyinga falſe knot , that
when hecame home in the morning- towards ibreak of the day he' might number_by
his beades the uncivil ftations he had walked and viſited that night. Bur theſe hisworks
of darknefſe came to light, and were publiſhed farand near for what happened unro
himwhilſtT-was in [Hexico; for one night meeting atone of his ftations with a-gentle-
man that was'jealous of him, ſwords - on borh' fides:- were drawn, the Concubine
firſt'was ſtabbed by the Gentleman who! was better manned and attended ; and* Czellar
(who was but a Merchant) was mortally-wounded and left for dead, though- after<
wards he recovered. | Great Almes'and liberality rowards religious houſes inthat Ciry
commonly are coupled with great and ſcandalous wickedneſſe.  They wallow in 'the
bedof riches and wealth, and make their Almes the Coverlet ro cover their looſe and
laſcivious lives:\ From hence are the Churches fo fairly built and adorned. There are
not above fifry Churches and Chappels, Cloiſters and Nunneries, and Pariſh Chur-
ches in that-City ; butrthoſe that are thereare the faireſt that ever my eyes beheld, the
roofes and beams being. in many ofthem all daubedwith gold, and many Altars with
ſundry marble- pillars, and others with Brafil wood ftaies ftanding one above anorher
with-Fabernaclesfor-ſeyerall-Saints richly wrought with golden colours, ſo that twen-
ty thouſand duckats is/a.common price of many of them. Theſe cauſe admiration
in thecommon ſort'of people;- and admiration brings on. daily adoration in them to
thoſe glorious ſpeCtacles and images of Saints ; ſo Satan ſhewes Chriſt all the glory of
the Kingdomests entice him to admiration, and then All theſe rhings Will T give thee 5f
thou Wilt fall dewa and Wworſhip me, Mat. 4. 8, 9. The Devill will give all the world ro
be adored.” 5

Beſides theſe beautifullbuildings, the inward riches belonging to the Altars are/in-
finitein price'and'value, ſuch as Copes, Canopies, hangings, Altar clothes, Candle-
ſtickes, Jewels'belohging to the Saints, and crowns of goldand filver, and Tabernacles
of gold and Cryitall rocarry about their Sacrament in Proceſſion, all which would
mount to the worth of-a reaſonable mine of filver, and would' be a rich prey for any-
nationthat'could make better uſe of wealth and riches. I will not ſpeak' much of rhe
lives of the Fryers andNuns of that Ciry, but only that there they enjoy more liber-
ty thenin the parts of 'Zxrope ( where yet-they have too much ) and thar ſurely the
g{mdals commirtedby them do cry up to heaven for yengeance,judgement and deſtru-

10n: ;

In'my timeinthe Cloiſter of the MercenarianFryerswhich is entituled' for the Re-
demption_of Captives , there chancedto be- an election of a Provinciall to rule over
them; to the which all the Priors and heads- of the” Cloiſters about the countrey' had!
reſorted; 'and ſuch 'wastheir various and' factions' difference; thatupon the ſuddain alF
the Conyent-was in an' uproar,” their-Canonicall eleQion was rurned to mutiny and{
Arife; knives-were drawn; .many wounded , the- ſeandall and danger of murther{&

: great,

 
ON IERESST CECETy 2 20

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N CLN N C mn mn mn

 

 

A NewsS urvey of the WeſtIndies.

great, thar the Viceroy was tain to interpoſe his authoriry and to fit amonsſt them and
guard the Cloifter untill their Provinciall was elected, Ir is ordinary for the Fryers to
viſit their devored Nuns, and to ſpend whole daies with them, hearing their nuſicke;
feeding 0n their ſweer meats, and for this purpoſe they have many chambers which they
call Loquztorivs, to talkein, with wooden bars between che Nuns and them; -and intheſe
chambers are tables for the Fryers to dine at; and while they dine,the Nuns recreate them
with rheir voices. Gentlemen and Cirizens give their daughters ro be brought up in- theſe
Nunneries,where they are taughr to make all ſorts of Conſerves and Preſerves,all ſorts.of
needlework, all forts of mulick, which is ſo exquiſite in that City, that T dare be'bold to
fay, that the peopleare drawn ro their Churches more for the delight of the _ muſick,
then forany delighrin the ſervice of God. More, they teach theſe young children to at
like players, and ro entice the peopleto their Churches make theſe children to a& ſhort
dialoguesintheir Quires, richly attiring them with mens and womensapparell,eſpecially
upon Midſummer day, and the eight daies before their Chriftmas, which is ſo gallantly
performed, thar many factious ftrifes, and fingle combates have been; and ſome were in
my time, for defending which oftheſe Nunneries moſt excelled in muſick, and in the
training up of children. No delights are wanting in that City abroad in the world,
nor intheir Churches, which ſhould be the houſe of God, and the ſouls, not the ſenſes
delighr.

Tgi)e chief place- in the City is the Market place, which though it be not as ſpaci-
cious asin onrezwma his time; yet is at this day very fair and wide; built all with Ar-
ches 0n rhe one ſide where people may walke dry intime of rain, and there are ſhops
of Merchants furniſhed with all ſorts of ſtuffes and ſilks, and before them fit women
felling all manner of fruirs and herbes; over againſt theſe ſhops and Arches is the
Viceroy his palace, which taketh up-almoſt the whole length of the markert with the
wals of the houſe and of the gardens belonging to ir. Art theend of the Viceroy his
Palace, is the chief priſon whichis ſtrong of ſtone work. Next to this is the beau-
rifull ſtreer called /ap/ateria, or Goldſmirhs-ſtreet, where a mans eyes' may behold in
leſſe then an hour many millions worth of gold , filver, pearls' and' jewels. The
ſreer of St. Ayſtinis rich and comely, where live all that tradein filkes; but one ofthe
longeſt and broadeft ſtreetsis the ſtreet called Tacuba , where almoſt all the ſhops are of
Ironmongers, and of ſuch as deal in brafſe and fteel, which  is joyning r6 thoſe Ar-
ches whereon the water is conveyed into the City; andis fo called for that ir is the way
out of the City toa Town called Tacxba; and this ſtreet' is mentioned far and near;
not ſo much for the length and breadth of 'it, as for a ſmall commodity of needles
which are made there, and for' proofarethe beſt of all thoſe parts.” For ſtately buil-
dings the ſtreer called de/ Aqmila, the ftreer of the eagle; exceedsthe reſt;where live Gen-
tlemen, and Courtiers, and Judges belonging to the Chancery; and is the palace of
the Marqueſſe de1 Yalle from the line of Ferdiriando Cortez,; this ftreet is ſo'called from
an old.Idoll an Eagle of ftone which from the conqueſt lieth in a corner of that fireer,,
and is twice fo big as Londoy ſtone. The gallants of this Ciry ſhew-themſelves daily
ſome 0n horſe-back, and moſt in Coaches about four' of the clock in the afternoon in
a pleaſant ſhady field, called /2 Alameda, full of trees and walkes, ſomewhat like
unto our More-fields, where do meet as/ conſtantly as the Merchanrs upon our Ex-
change about two thouſand Coaches, full of Gallants, Ladies, and Citizens , to ſee
and to be ſeen, to court and to be courted, the Gentlemen having their train of black-
more ſlaves ſome a dozen; ſome halfa dozen waiting 0n" them, in. brave ' and gallant
Liveries, heavy with gold and Glyer lace; with filk ftockings on their back legs, and ro=.
ſes on their feet, and {words by their fides; 'the Ladies alfo carry their train by -their
Coarhes fide of ſuch jer-like Damoſels as before have been mentioned' for their light ap=.
parell,who with their bravery and white mantles over them ſeem to be, as the Spaniard
faith, moſea er leche, a fliein milke. But the train ofthe Viceroy who often goeth to this
place is wonderfull tately, which ſome fay is as greatas the train of his Maſter the King
of Spain.  At this meeting are carried about many ſorts: of ſweetmeats and papers, of
comfites to be ſold, forts reliſha cup of cool water, which is cried about in curious
$laſſes ro cool thebloud of rhoſe love-hot gallants. But many rimes theſe their mee-
tings ſweerned with conſerves and comfits have ſowre ſayce at che end,for jealouſie
will not ſuffer a Ladyzo be courted, no nor ſometimes to. be ſpoken to, but purs fury
ino the violent hand to draw a ſword' or dagger andto ſtab or murther whom he lW'AS_

jealous

 

 

 
A. New Survey of f/oe Weſt-lrldies.

jealous of, and when one ſwordis drawnrhouſands are preſently drawn, ſome to right
the party wounded or murthered ; othersto defend he parry murthering,whoſe friends
will not permit him to be apprehended, but will guard him with drawn fwords untill they
have conveyed him to the Sanctuary offome Church,from whence the Viceroy his power
is not able to rake him for a legall rryall.

Many of theſe ſuddain skirmiſhes happened whileſt T lived about exico : ofwhich Ci-
ty a whole volume might be compiled, but that by otherAurhors much harh been wricten,
and I deſire not to fili my Hiſtory with trifles, but only with whar is moſt remarkable 1n

hath irs paſſage under all the ftreers of it ; for toward the ſtreet- of ,St. Auſtiz, and the
lower parts of the City, Tcan confidently aver that in my time before the removing of
the Lake thoſe that died were rather drowned then buried, for a grave could not be dig-
ged with an ordinary gravesdepth, but they met with water, and I was eye-witneſſe of
many thus buried, whoſe coffins was covered with-water. And this is ſo apparent that had
nor the Cloiſter of the Angyſtines often been repaired and almoſt rebuilt, it had quite
ſunk by this. In my time it wasa repairing, andIfaw the old pillars had'ſunk very low,
upon the which they were then laying new foundations, and I was credibly informed
that that was the third time that new pillars had been ere&ed upon the old which were
quite ſunk away. This Ciry hath but three wayes to come unto it by Cawley ; the one
isfrom the Welt, and that Cawſey is a mile and a half long. Another from the North,
and containeth three miles in length. Eaſtward the City hath no entry ; but Southward
the Cawſey is five miles long, which was the way that Correz entredinto_it;, when: he
conquered| it.

The fruitcalled Nzch:/; ( whereof Ihave ſpoken before,, andſome fay this City
was called Tenuchtliran fromit) though it be. in moſt-parts' of America, yea and now
in Spain, yetin no. place there is more abundanceof it then in exico, and it is abſo-
lutely one of the| belt fruits.init. Itis like unto theFigge., and ſo hath many little ker-
nels'or grains within, bur they are ſomewhat larger, and crowned like unto a: Medler.
There are of them. ofſundry: colours, ſome are-green without, and - carnation-like with=
in; which have a good taſte. Others are yellow, .and others white, and ſome ſpeck=-
led; the beſt ſort are the white;; It' isa fruit that will-laſt long. Some of them taſte
of Pears, and- other ſome : of Grapes; It is a cold and a freſh fruit and beſteſteemedin
the heat of Summer,  The  Spaniards do more-eſteeme them then the. 7»dians. The
- more the-groundislaboured| where they grow-, the fruit is ſo much the better. There
is yetanother kind- of this fruitred, and that is nothing ſo.much eſteemed, although
his taſte is not. evill; but 'becauſe.it doth' colour and die the eaters: mouth, lips and
apparell, yea and maketh. the Urine look like pure bloud. Many Spariards at their
firſt-coming|into 7-dia, and cating this-fruit, were amazedandar their wits end.,
thinking- that/all the bloud' in their. bodies. came out in Urine; yea andmany Phyſi-
rians at their : firſt-coming ' were'of the ſame belief. Andit hath happened when they
have; been ſent- for unto ſuch as have eatenthis fruir, they not knowing the cauſe,and
beholding the Urine, by andby they haye adminiſtred medicines to ſtaunch bloud ; a
thing to: laugh at, to ſee Phyſitians ſo deceived. Theskin- of the outſide is thick
and! full, of little: ſmall prickles, and when 4it-is cut downright with one-cut- ro the
kernels, with ;one finger you'may uncleaverhe whole skin round about without break-
ing. it,and:take out'the fruit to.cat. The Spaxiards uſe to jeſt with it with trangers,taking
halfa dozen of them,and rubbingthem in a napkin,thoſe ſmall prickles whichcan ſcarce
be: ſeen. or - perceived ſtick inviſibly; unto the napkin, wherewith a man wiping his
mouth to drink, rhoſe lirtle pricklestick inhis lips ſo that they ſeem to ſow them up
together; and make, him for a while faulter in hisſpeech, rill with much rubbing and;
waſhing they, comeoff.. ' Thereis/another fruit twice of the bignefſe ofa grearwarden,
which they. call the growing- Mavjer Blance, -or white meat, which, is a dainty diſh
madeby them with the white of a'Capon, Cream, andRice, and: ſugar and ſweet wa-
ters, much'likeuntothe whichtaſteth this fruit! :Tr- is as ſweet-as any/hony, and diſſolves
like melted ſnow in the mouth into, a juyce. moſt luſcious;within, itis full of hard black
kernelsor ſtones, which being crackedare hitter, and theſe not joyned! together , but
by diviſion one from another, each one having a bag, or little skin, diſcerning them
intheir ranks andorders, ſo that when you cut-this fruitinthe midd{@it repreſents a
_ Chequer board with blackand whitez the whiteis ſuckt or catea and: the kernels chrown
away.

   
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
 
   
  
 
   
 
   
 
  

it. Imay not omit yet from the fituation ofit upona laketo tell thar certainly the water «

 
A New Survey, of the Weſt-Indies,

 

 

- away. But 1 cannot forgert thar which they call P3252,0r Pine apple:not the Pine apple of

thehigh Pine tree, but a-pine apple, that groweth upon a lower ſhrub with prickly leaves,
andis digger then our biggeſt Muskmillians in Zxg/and,when it is ripe; itis yellow with-
out and within ; withour it is full of little bunches, and within fo Juycy and cool that
nothing more dangerous then to eat much of it. Before they eat'ir; they cut it in round
flices,and lay it a while in falt and water, and ſo' being ſcoured half an hour in that fale
and water which taketh much ofthe rawneſſe and coldnefſe from ir;and rhen putting into
diſhes with more freſh water they eatit thus. Bur the berter way of eating it, 15 preſerved;
which is abfojutely the beſt preſerve in all that Countrey. .There is alſo the Grape,
(though they make not wine of it ) the Apple, the Pear,the Quince,the Peach, the Apri-
cock, the Pomegranate,the Muskmillian, the Plantin,the Figge,the Walnue,che Cheſnur;
the Orange,the Lemmon both ſowreand fweet, the Citron in great abundance. Moſt of
the fruirs of Exrope, and as many more which Eyrope neyer knew. Aboat Mexico more
then inany other part groweth that excellent tree called Meel, which they plant and
drefle as tgey do their Vinesin Erope. It hath near forty kinds of leaves; which ſerve
for many ules ; for when they betender they make of them Conſerves, Paper; Flax; Man-
tles,Mats,Shoves, girdles, and cordage. On theſe leaves grow certain prickles' ſo ftrong
and ſharpethat they uſe themin ſtead of fawes : from the root of this tree tometh x
Juyce like unto ſyrup, which being ſod will become._Sagar.' You may alſo make' of it
Wine and Vineger. The 1:d;ans often become drunke.withit. - The' rind rofted healeth
hurts and fores, and from the rop boughs iſſuerh a gunime, whichis an exceller/antidote
againſt poyſon. There is nothing in Mexicoandabout.it wanting whichrhay makea City
happy ; and certainly had thoſe that haveſo miich extolled with their pens' the parts'of
Granada in Spain, Lombardy and Florencein Ttaly, making them the earrhly Daradiſe, had
they been acquaited with the new World and with- Mexico, they. would have recanred
their untruths. {Tt
Oh that the Lord were truly worſhipped where he hath powred forth the treaſures of
his goodnefſle for the children of men 1 Ohthar in| that Zaey the rempting and entiſing
Serpent were not ſo much obeyed in the uſe of the fair ſeeming Apple of pleaſures,” and
the Lord that hath enriched it with ſuch, varieties ſo much negleQted1 How long O Lord
God, how long ſhall the line of the wicked flouriſh, and the beſt portion befallen to Ido-
latersand to the workers of iniquity ! 5 ſſ
This City is the ſeat of an Archbiſhop, and/of a Vicenoy',” who commoniy is
ſome great Noble man of Spaia whoſe power is to make "Lawes and 'Ordinances ,
to give directions and determine controverſies', unleſſe ir be in ſach great cauſes,
which- are thought fit to; be referred. ro. the Couricelkof Spain. Andthough there
be about-the Country many governments'witly ſeverall, Governours, yet they are
all ſubordinare to this Viceroy, and there are at leaft four hundred leagues 'of land
all governed by the Princely feat of AZexico. Moſt of the Governours about the Counz
iry being the Viceroy his Creatures, placed by him, do. contribute great gifts and
bribes for their preferment ;- ſo. likewiſe doall the reſt whoſeright 6r wrong proceed-
ings depend upon the Viceroy his clemency and' mercyin ju%gingctthe dayſyappeals
of Juſtice which come unto him,.; The King of Sparz allowes him 'our of his Bx-
chequer yearly a hundred thouſand duckats:whileſt he governs; his time being but
five years. Bur commonly with: their bribes to- the' Courtiers of Spaiz,, ard to the
Counſellours for the Eftate of the-India's they geta-prorogation of five' years'more ;
and ſometimes of ren, Ir is incredible to: think what. this Viceroy may get a year in
that place beſides his hundred. thouſand 'duckats of rent:, if he be'a man'. eoverous
and. given.to. trading,,. ( as moſt of them are) for then they will be' Maſters- of whae
commodities they pleaſe, and none elſe ſhall'deal'in them but themſelyes;as did the
Marqueſle of Serralvo in mytime,, who was the beſt Monopolift of fale thar ever thoſe
parts knew. This man was thought to get a; Milliona year; what with giftsand pre-
ſents, what with his Trading to Spain and Philippinas. He governed ten years,and in this
time he ſent tothe King of Spaina Popingay worth halfa Milliony and in one year more
he ſent the worth -of a Million to/the Count of Olivares;andorher Courtiers'to' obtain
a prorogation for five years more. Beſides the Viceroy thereare commontly fixJudges
and a Kings Attorney., who, are. allowed our of rhe Kings Bxchequer yearly twelye-
thouſard duckats a. piece rent, beſides two Alcaldes de Corte, or kigh Juſtices; who with
the Viceroy judge all Chancery. and criminall calges. But. theſe ( though unired to-

gcther

 
 

—A New Survey of the Weſt-Indies,

 

get}{eſ they may oppoſe the Viceroy inany unlawfull and unjuſtifiable aQion, as ſome
have done and have ſmarted for ir, yer commonly they dare not. So thar he d_oth what he
littech , andir is enough for him to fay, fat pro ratione voluntas. This power joyned with
covetouſneſſe inthe Viceroy, and threeſcore thouſand duckats yearly, joyned with pride
inthe Arch-biſhop, was like to bethe ruine ofthar City inthe year 1624. Then was the
Count  of Gelves Viceroy, and Don Alonſo de Zerna Arch-biſhop, whoſe two pow-
ers ftriving and ftriking at one another like trwo flints, had almoſt brough; to Fombu-
ftion that gallant City , and did fet on fire the Viceroy his Palace,and the priſon joyning'
to it.
The ftory was thus, which may be profitable for other nations, to beware of cove-
tous governours and proud Prelates;  and therefore I thought fit to inſert it here.
The Count of Gelves was in ſome things one of the beſt Viceroys.and Governours that
ever the Court.of Spazn ſent to America, for he was called by the Spaniards, el terrible
Taſticieroy, furgo de Ladiones, that is, terrible for Juſtice, and fire to confumeall theeves.
For he cleared all the high wayes of theeves, hanging them as often as they were caught
without mercy, and did ſend out troops and officers to apprehend rhem,, ſo thar ir l
was generally reported thart fince the conqueſt unto thoſe dayes of his: there had never
beenſo many theeves andmalefactors: hanged upasin histime, So in all other points
of juſtice he was ſevere and upright.  Rut yet covetouſneſſe did fo. blind him to ſee his
own. injuſtice,  that: before .he'could {ce it, he had broughr rhe Ciry of Mexico: and
the whole Kingdome to a danger ofrebellion. What he would not to be ſeen in him-
ſelf; heiacted by others his inſtruments.” And one of them was one Dox Pedro Mexir,
a mighty rich- Gentleman of- 2exico, whom he choſe to joyne with him in monopoli-
zing all the 1od;an Maiz,and wheat about the Country. Dox Pedro Mexia of the Trdiars
bought at the price he liſttheir Maiz, and the wheat ofthe Spaniards he bought it accor-
ding to that price at which it is taxed by the law of that land to be ſold at in time of fa=
mine,; which isat fourteenRials a buſhell, (which is not much there conſidering the'a-
bundance. of goldand ſilver ) at which price the Farmers and husbandmen knowing
it to be a'plentifull yearwere glad and willing to ſell unto himtheir wheat, not knowing
what the end would be, and others fearingto gainſay him, whom they knew to'be the \
Viceroyes favorite, Thus. Doz Pedro 24ex3a filled all his barns which he had hired abouc
the Countrey,and himſelfand the Viceroy became owners of all the 'wheat. He hadhis
officers appointed to bringit into/the Markets uponhis warning, and that was when ſome
ſmall remnants that had Cſcaped his fingers were ſold;and the price raiſed. Then hoiſed he
his price;anddoubled it above whatit had coſt him. - The poor began ro complain,
the rich to murmure,.the taxe ofithe law wasmoved in the Court of Chancery before
the Viceroy. But he being privy to the Monopoly exponnded the law to be under-
ſtood intime of famine;'and that he was informed,' that*it was a plentifull year as
ever had been; andthat. to. his 'knowledge there was as much brought into_the Mar-
kets asever had been, and plenty enough for - 2exico and all the Countrey. Thus was
the law_ſlighted,the rich.mocked, the poor oppreſſed,and none ſold wheat but Don Pe-
dro Mexia bis officers for himſelfand'the Yiceroy.” When Juſtice would be no father, the
peoplego totheir: mother the Churchy and having underitood the buſineſſe better,and
that it was Don Pedro Mexin, who did tyrannize and opprefſe them with the Viceroy
his favours, they intreat the Archbiſhop to make 'ita caſe of Conſcience, and to reduce
it to:a.Church cenſure:- - Don Atonſo ds Zerng the Archbiſhop, who had alwayes ftoma-
ched: Don Pedro Mexia and the Viceroy;to'pleaſe the people, granted to them to excom:
municate Doz Pedro Mexia, and fo ſent out bils of excommunication to be fixed upon
all'the Churchdores againit Doz Pedro; who not regarding the excommunication, and
keeping cloſe at home, and ftill ſelling his wheat, raiſing higher the price thenit was
before z the-Archbiſhop-raiſed his cenfure higher againſt him , adding to it a Bill of
Ceſſatio 2 divinss, thatis; a:ceſſation from all divine ſervice. This Cenſure is ſo great
with them,.- that it isneyer. uſed but for ſome grear mans fake, who is contumacious
and ſtubbornin his wayes, contemning'the power of the Church: Then are all the |
Church dores ſhat up, -(let the City be never ſo great )'no Maſſesare faid, no prayers \
uſed,; no. preaching permitted, no meetingsallowed for any publick devotion or cal-
l_ing upon/God. Their Church mournes as it were, and makes no ſhew of ſpirituall |
Joyand comfort , nor ofany communion of prayers one with another, ſo long as the
party continues ſtubborn. and rebellious in his Tinne - and ſcandall, and in yeelding to
the

 
D TN D TSS7

 

 

A Nſſf;ſi;ſi?urw@ſſof the W eſt-Indies. -

the Churches cenfſure. - And further whereas by this ceffation 2 4Fviz%; many Chur-
ches andeſpecially Cloiiters ſuffer in the means ot their livelhood ; who live upon what
is dayly given for the Matles they fay , and in a Cloifter where thirry or forty Prieſts
fay Maſle, fo many pieces of Eight or crowns in 2Zexzco do dayly come m-; therefore this
cenſure or ceſſario 2 divimsis ſo inflicted upon the whole Church(al ſuffering for ir asthey
fay in ſpirituall, and ſome m temporall wayes) thar che party offending or ſcandalizing,
for whoſe fake this curſe is laidupon all, is bound to Harisfie all Priefts and Cloiſters
which inthe way aforefaid fuffer, and to ajlow them ſo much out of his. means, as they
might have dayly got by felling awaytheir Maſles for:ſo many crowns for their dayly
livelibood.To this would the Archbiſhop have brought Doz Pedro Mexia, tohaveemptt-
ed our of his purſe near a thouſand crowns dayly, towards the maintenance. of abour a
thouſand Prieſts (ſo many there may bein I/exico) who from the Alrat ſetl away their
bread-God to fatisfie with bread andfood their hurigry ftomachs. And ſecondly by the
peoples ſuffering in their ſpirituall comfort,8 non-communion of prayers andidolatrous
worſkip; hethought to make Doy Pedro Mexia odioustothe people. Dow Pedys percei-
ving the ſpitefull ncents of the Archbiſhop ;andhearing the outcries of the peopte in the
ftreers againſt him, and their cries for the uſeand liberry of their Churches; ſecretly te-
tired himſelf to the Palace of the Viceroy, begging hisfavour and proteRtion,for whoſe
fake he ſuffered., The Viceroy immediately fent out-his Orders, commanding the bils
ofexcommunicationand ceſſation 2 4ivizzsto be pulled from the Church dores, and-to
all the Superiors of the Cloiſters to ſer open their Churches, and to- celebrate their
ſervice and Maſſes as formetly rhey had-done. Buz they diſobeying the Viceroy through
blind obedience to their Archbiſhop, the Viceroy commanded rthe Archprelate to. re-
voke his cenfures. Bur his anfwer was that whar he haddone, had been juſtly done a-
eainſta publick offender and great oppreſſor of the poor ,” whoſe cries had moved him
to commiſerate their ſuffering condition, and that rhe .offenders contempr of his firſt
excommunication had deſeryed the rigour of the ſecoud cenſure ;-neither of thewhich
he would: nor could revoke untill Dz Pedro: Mexia bad fubmitred himſelf to the
Church androa publick abſolution, and had farisfied the Priefts and Cloiſters who
ſuffered for him,, and had diſclaimed that unfawfull and- anconſcionable Monopolie;,
wherewith he wronged the whole common-wealth.,. and eſpecially the poorer fort

therein.
Thus. did that proud Prelate arrogantly in termes-exalc- himſelf apainſt the au-

.chority of his Princeand Ruler, contemning his command with a flat deniall, think-

ing himſelfhappy in imitaring Ambyoſe his ſpirit againſt the Emperour Theodoſizes, truſt-
ins in the power of his keyes, and in the ftrengrh of his Church and Clergy, which
with the rebellion of the meaner ſort he reſolved to oppoſe againſt che power and
ſrengrh- of his Magiſtrate. The Viceroy not, brooking this ſawcy anfiver from-a
Prieft,- commanded him- preſently to' be apprehended- and ro be guarded to St. fobk
de Uihua, and there to be ſhipped for -Spain. The Archbiſhop having norice of thisthe
Viceroy his reſolution, retired himiſelf out of Adexicoto Guadalape with many of his
Prieſts/ and Prebends, leaving a bill- of excommunication upon the Church dores a-
gainſt the Viceroy himſelf, and thinking privily to flie to' Spaiy there to'giveanaccount
of hisccarriage and behaviour.But he! could not flie ſo faft, but the Viceroy his' care and
vigilancy ftill eyed him,and with' his. Serjeants and-Officers. purſued him to Gzadalpe.
Which the Archbiſhop underſtanding,he berook himſelf ro the ſanfuary of the Church,
and there cauſed the candlesto be lighred/upon the Alrar, andthe facrament of his Bread-
God to be taken out.,of the Tabernacle, and attiring himſelf with his Pontiflcall veſti-
ments, with his Mitre on his head, his' Crozier in_one hand, in the other: he took his
God of bread, and thus with his train of Prieſts abour him at the Altay, he waired
for the coming of the'Serjeants-and Officers, whom he chought with- his God in his
hand, andwith a HereTam, to aftoniſh and amaze; and to make* them as Chrift the
Jewes inthe garden, to fall backwards,, andto- difable chem from laying hands upon
him. The Officers comingwro the Church wene towardsthe Alrar wherethe Biſhop
ſtood, and kneeling down firſt toworſhip their God made a ſhort' prayer z which be=
ing ended, they propounded unto the Biſhop with courteous and' fair words the cauſe
of their coming to-that place,, requiring him to lay dowr che Sacrament ; and' to
come out of the, Church , and to hear the notification-of what orders they brought

unto- him_in the Kings name. To whomthe Archbifhop repliedy that whereas thelt
G 2 Maſter

 

 
 

 

A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies.
- Mafter the Viceroy was excommunicated he looked npon himas one out of the pale of-
the Church, and one withont any power, or authoriry to command hitn in the houſe
of God, and ſo required them as they tendered the good of their ſouls ro depart peace-
ably, and not tointringe the priviledges and immunity of the Church, by exercifing in
it any legalla& of ſecular power and command; and rhat he would not g0. out of the
Church , unleſſe they durſt take him and the Sacrament rogether. With chis the head
officer named Tiroll, ftood up and notified unto him an order in the Kings name to ap-
prehend his perſon in what place ſoever he ſhould find him, and to guard him to the
Port. of St. Johy de thaa, and there to deliver him to whom by turther order he
ſhould be directed there, to be ſhipped for Spaizas a Trairour to the Kings crown, a
troubler of the common peace,an author and moyer of ſedition in the Common-
wealch.  The Arch-biſhop ſmiling upon Troll anſwered him, Thy Mafter uſeth too
high termes and words, which do. better agreeunto himſelf; for 1 know no mutiny
or ſedition like to trouble the Common-wealth, -unleſſe ir! be by/his and: Doa Pedro
Mexia his oppreſling of the poor.” And as forthy guarding me to St. Fohy de Vlhaa,
I conjure thee by Jefus Chriſt, whom thou knowelt I hold in my hands, not to uſe
here any violencein Gods houſe, from whoſe Altar Tam refolved not to depart;take
heed God puniſh thee not as hedid 7eroboars for ftretching forth his hand at the Altar
againſt the Prophet , let his withered hand reminde thee of thy duty. But T5roll fuffe-
red him not to ſquander away the time and ravell it out with further preaching, but
called ro the Altar a Prieſt, whom he had brought for that purpoſe, and commanded
him in_the Kings name to take the Sacrament-out 'of the Arch-biſhops hand ; which the
Prieft doing, the Arch-biſhop unveſted himſelfof his Pontificals, and (though with
many repetitions of the Churches, immunity ) .yeelded himfelf unto Tiroll, and ra-
king his leave .of all his Prebends,” requiring them to: be witneſſes of what had been
done, he went priſoner to. St. Zoby d& Vihua, where he was deliveredto the cuſtody
of the Goyernour of the Caſtle, and not many dayes after was ſent in a ſhip prepa-
red for that purpoſe to Spain tothe Kingand:Councell, with a full charge of all his
carriages and miſdemeanours. 'Some of the City.of 24exico in private began to talke
ſtrangely aEainſt the Viceroy, andto ſtomach the baniſhment of their Arch-biſhop,
becauſe he had. ſtood out againſt ſo high a power indefence of the poor and oppreſſed,
and theſe their private grudges they ſoon vented in publick with bold and arrogant.
ſpeeches againſt Don Pedro Mexia, and the Viceroy, being ſet.on and incouraged by
the Priefts and Prebends, who it feems had ſworn blind obedience to their Arch-Pre-
late, and therewith thonght they could diſpenſe with their conſciences in their obedi-
ence andduty to their Magiſtrate, Thus did thoſe Incendiariesfor a fortnight together
blowthe fire of ſedition and rebellion, eſpecially amongf the inferiour ſort of people
and the Criolians or native Spaniards, and the 7adians and Mulatto's, whom they knew
brooked not.the ſevereand rigorous juſtice and judgment of the Viceroy , no nor any
Goyernmenc that wasappointed over them from- Spaiz; untill at the fortnights end ,
Troll returned from St. Zohn do Vibaa ; and then began the ſpite and malice of all the
malecontents to break out, then' began a fire-of mutiny to be_ kindled, which was
thought would have conſumed and buried inaſhesthat great and famous City. Tirof
was not a little jeatous of what miſchief the common rabble intended againſt him, and
ſo kept cloſe, not daring to walke-the ftreets ; yer his occaſions invitinghim to the Vice-
roy his Palace, ventured himfelf in a Coach with drawn curtains,” which yet could
not blind the eyes of the ſpightfall and malicious and male-contents,who had notice that
he wasinthe Coach, and before he could get ro the market place, three or four boyes
began to cry out, ?udas, 7ndas, alla va Fudas , there goeth udas that laid his hands
upon Chriſts Vicar,; others joyned with them ſaying, ahorquemes a eſte Judas, let us
hang up this 7:d9:; the number of boyes yet. increaſed, crying-aloud and boldly af-
ter the Coach, Aſnera el. Vellaco defcomulgado la muerte de Fudas, muera el pica-
ro,' wmera el perro, \et this excommunicated rogue and dog die the death of 7uda ;
the Coachman laſhed the mules, the Coach poſted, the boyes hafted after with ſtones
and dirr, the number increaſed fo,that before 7o// could get through two fireets only,
there were riſen above two hundred boyes, of Spaniards, Indians, Blackmores , and
Mulacto's. With much adoe 75rol got to-the Viceroy his Palace, poſting- for his |
_ life, and his firſt care; wasto wiſh the Porrers to ſhur all the Palace gates: for he was

fearfull of whar' peeſently- happened, of a more generall inſurre&ion and uproar., For
no

 

 

 

 
-
MN 8

A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies.
no ſooner was he gor into the Viceroy his houſe, and the:gares ſhut up; but there were
gathered to the Marker place (as I was crediblyinformed by thoſe tharlaw andobſerved
diligently thar dayestrouble) above rworthouſand people, all'of inferiour rank arid qua-
lity; and yerthe numberttifl increaſedtill cheywere judged 'to be abott fix or feven
thouſand.Theyall cryed-ourfor T7roll che7#das, fparing neither fRtones nor 'dirt which
they didflingat the Palacewindowes. ; ;
The Viceroy fent a meſage to them defiring them r6 bequiet, andto betake theni-
ſelves ro their' houſes , certifying them'that"757v/-was not'in his Palace; but eſcaped
out of. a back door. The rude nwltirudewould nor be-ſatisfied" with'this, being now
ſeron by two or three Priefts who werejoyned with them ,/aid ſo tliey began more
violently to- batter the Palate-gares and wals, havins brotght pikes and holbards;,
and long poles; others had\gotafew Piſtols-and birding Pieces; wherewiththey ſhor,
not cating. whom they: killed-or wourded in the” Palace.''2It' was wonderfull ito ſee
that none of the better ſort,. none of the/Judges, ho highJuftice, no inferionr Officers
durit of wouldcome out«to ſuppreſſe the mulritude;-br to-ailift the Vieeroy being ih
ſo greatdavger; nayIwas'told by ſome ſhopkeepers' who! lived in the: Marker place,
that they inadera ſaughing buſineſſe of it, andthe peoplethat paſſed by went ſmilingand
faying, Let the boyesand youngſters alone, -they will: right-'our yrongs, they will
finde out before they have:done, both: Tolland 2Zexiaand him thar'prorects themi,
meaning the Viceroy;but amongſt them was much noredone Prieft; name. SHlaz47; who
ſpent much-ſhor and bullets, and more his- ſpirits in>#naning abour'to Tpie fone
place of atlvantage , which he might ſooneſt batrer'"doiwn. They fotnd it ſeems
the Priſon doores calier/to-open; 'ot elſe-with helpe withia rhey opetied them, afd
let out: all the-tnalefactors{-who! joyned withthem toaffault the Palace.The Viceroy
ſeeins nothelp came: to-him from” the: City, from: his*friends; from-rhe Judges vf
the Chancery,-from the Kings high Juſtices, 'nor” other '6fficers for the "Seace; Went
up to the.Zoies of his Palacewith his Guardand Servants'that atrended 6n him, and ſet
up the Royall'Standard, and cauſed a Trumpet to-'be ſounded to/ eall:the'Gity to' aids
and afliſt cheir King. .Burthis prevailed'nor; rone ſtirred; all the chieF6fthe Ciry kept
within doores. ) And whenthe.mnltitude faw the Royall Standard vut: and heatd-the
Kings nainefromthe Zories, they cryed our; and often repeared it,” Y772 47 Rey, mys
era el mal govierno, wueran tos des comnleador, that-is to fay, Oir Kitig/live lonk ; but
let theevill government die; and periſh; and ler 'thetr dic that are extottimunicated:
Theſe words faved many ofthem trom hanging afterwards; wher the biifitieſſe was
tried and ſearched into by Doz Marrin de Carrillo. And ® with 'theſe” werds if 'their
mouths they skirthiſhed with them of the Zizes at leaſt thiree hotits, rhey above hurs
ling down ftones, and they: beneath hurling up to thenv and ſortie'ſhboting with' #
fewr Piſtols and birding Piecesatone-afiothert and marke that in all this bitter skirs
miſh there was not a piece of Ordinance ſhor, for the Viceroy had none for the
defence of his Palace or Perſon, neither hadoor hath rhat great City any fot"itsſtrengthy
and ſecurity, the Spaxiards living fearteile of the 7741ays, and' ( asthey think ) ſecure
from beitig atinoyed by any forain Nation.” There were ſlainif about Nz liures ity
all that this cumulr laited; feven or 'eight beneath'in'the Market plite, atid o0ne
of the Viceroy his Guard and a Page in the Zorzes above.” The day drawing toaff
end, the multirude broughe Pitch and fire; and firſt fired the Priſon', then they
ſet on fire part- of the Palace, and-butht down the 'chief gare. - This made ſome
of the City, of the- Gentry, and of the Judges to come ont , leſt the fire ſhould pre-
vail far upon-the City,” and to perſwade the peopletodefift, andto quetich he fire.
Whileſt the fire was quenching, many gotinto the Patace, ſome fell'uponi'the Vices
royes ttabjes ” and there got part' of his mules and horſes rich furnittites, 6thers begati
to fall upon ſome;cheſts, others to tear down the hangitiss, but, 'they were ſoor!
perſwaded by the betrer ſort of the City, to deſiſt from ſpoil or robbery,” feft by that
they ſhould: be diſcovered; others ſearched about for Doz Pedro Mexia, for Tiroll
and-the Viceroy. None of them could be found, having diſguiſed themſelyes and'ſo
eſcaped.  Whither Dez Pedro Mexia and T3roll went, 1t  could not be known' in
many dayes; /bnt certain 1t was that the Viceroy diſgnifed himfelf in's Fraticiſcan
habir, andſoin company of a Fryer went through the multicade t6 the Cloiſte? of
the Franciſcans, where he abode all that year, (and there I faw him the year after }
not dafing-to come ont, untill he had-informed the” King and Countdl of S]minfl'
G 3 : wit

 

 

 

 
 

66

ſi;xſſjſſzhſi\ſſx}hiaſſtſict harh lſiappenedct, and of the danger himfelf and the Ciry was in, if not

A New Survey of the Weſt-Indies,

 

timely prevented. The King and Councel} of Spain took the þuſineſſc to cſionſi_de-
ration, and looked upon it asa warning piece, toa further mutiny and rebellion, and
an example' to other parts of America to follow upon any ſuch like occaſion , if
ſome puniſhment were not inflicted upon the chief offenders. Wherefore the year
following 1625, which was when T went to thoſe parts, the King ſenta new Vice-
roy the Marques of Sarra/vo to govern in the place ofthe Count of Gelves, and eſpeci-
ally toaidand aflift Don Martin de Carrillo, a Priefſt and Inquiſitor of the Inquiſition
of Valladolid , who was ſent with large Commiſlion and authority to examine the
forefaid tumult and mutiny, and to judge all offenders that ſhould be- found in it, yea
and to hang up ſuch as ſhould deſerye death. I was at AZexicointhe beſt time of the
tryall, and had intelligence from Doz 2artin de Carrillo his own Ghoſtly father a
Dominican Fryer of the chief paſſages in the examination of the buſineſſe; and the
reſult was, that if Juſtice ſhould have been executed rightly , moſt of the prime of
Hexico would have ſuffered, for not coming in tothe Royal! Standard,, when' cal-
led by the ſound of the Trumper ; the Judges ſome were put out of their places,though
they anſwered that they durit-not &tir our, for that they were informed thar allche
City would have riſen againſt them if they had appeared in publick. The chief actors
were found to be the Criolians or Natives of the Country, who do hate the Span;ih
Government , andall ſuch as come from Spazz ; and reaſon they have for ir, for by
them they are much oppreſſed, as I have before obſerved, and are and will be al-
wayes watching any opportunity to free themſelves from the Spaniſh yoake. Bur the
chief fomenters of the mutiny were found to be the Biſhops party the Prieſts ; and
{o had not. Salazar andthree more of them fled, they had-certainly been ſent to the
Gallies of Spain for Gally flayes ; this judgment was publiſhed againſt rhem. There
were not_above:three or four hanged of ſo- many thouſands, and their condemnati-
on was for things which they had ftolen out of the Viceroys Palace. And becauſe
further inquiry into the rebellion would have brought in at leaſt half the City either for
aQors, or counſellors, or fomentors, the King was  well adviſed to grant a generall
pardon.  The Archbiſhops proceedings were more difliked in the Court of Spaiz,
then the Viceroyes,and was long without any preferment ; though, at laſt that there
might be_no exceptions taken by his party, nor cauſe given for a further ftirring the em-
bers toa greater combuſtion, the Councel[thought fit ro honour him inthoſepartswhere
he was born; and to_ make him Biſhop of Zamora a ſmall Biſhoprick in Caftite; ſo
that his wings were clipt, and from Archbiſhop he came to be but Biſhop, and
from threeſcore thouſand Crownes yearly rent he fell to four or five thouſand only
a year. The Count of Gelves was alſo ſent to Spain, and well entertained in the
Court, and therein made Maſter of the Kings horſe, which in Spaiz is a Noblemans
preferment.

And this Hiſtory ſhewing the ſtate and condition of Aexico, when I travelled to
thoſe parts I have willingly ſet down, that the Reader may by it be furniſhed with
berter obſeryations then my ſelf (who am but a Neophyte ) am able to dedu&. Some-
what might be obſerved trom the Viceroyes covetouſneſſe ; which doubtleſſe in all
is a_great ſinne, for as Pau/ well adviſeth,” 1 75m. 6. 10. The love of mony ts the root of
all evif; but much more to be condemned in a Prince or Governour ; whomit may
blind in the  exerciſe of Juſtice and Judgment , and harden thoſe tender bowels
(which ought to be in him) ofa father and ſhepheard to his flock and children. We
may. yet from this Viceroyes praQice and example againſt a chief head of the Romz/ſs
Church, diſcover; that errour 0f the Prieſts and Jeſuites of England, who perſwade the
people here that no temporall Magiſtrate hath power over them,and that to lay hands
on them inwrath and anger ( being as they fay Conſecrated ro God and his Altar )
is ip/ofatto a deep excommunication ; whereas we ſee the contrary in this Viceroy a
member of the Church of Zowe, and yet exerciſing his temporall power againſt an
Arch-biſhop, and by T5ro/ taking him from the Church , and as his priſoner ſending
bim with juſt wrath and anger to a forain and remote place of baniſhment.  Bur
laſtly it is mydeſire that the High and Honourable Court of Parliament which now is
firting for the good of this Kingdome, and for the good of it hath already pulled
down the Hierarchy of ſuch Prelates and Archprelates , would look upon the trou-
ble and uproar which the keys of the Church inthe hand of:an undiſcreet Pniſt

brought

 
A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies.

brought upon thar City: of Aexico. Certainly as the ftrength of the Church. well
ſetled, and governed with ſubordination to the Magiſtrate, is likewiſe rhe ſtrength
of the Common-wealth ; fo on the other ſide the power of the keyes in the Clergies
band, ro caſt out whar inceſtuous Corinthian they pleaſe , without the reſt of rhe. Corgn-
chians conſent, 1 Cor. 5.4,5. may prove dangerous and troubleſome to the Common-
weale and.good. For ifthe Clergy may. uſe by it ſelf , without the oyerſeeing eye'of
the Magiſtrares Commiſſioners, the power of* the keyes; who ſhall be free from
their cenſures, that any way will oppoſe them ? The poor and ignorant will not only
be the object of their cenſures, but the rich, and wiſe, and noble, Ruler and Magt-
frare willalſo come under their cenſures; wherein T finde 4 Miniſter may then as a
Pope encroach upon the higheſt Crown ofan Emperour. Nay certainly in E-g/a:d the
thoughrs of ſome ſuch aſpiring Miniſters have been higher then the thoughts of- this
Archbiſhop of 2Zexico over a Viceroy, the conceit of their power with the Keyes have
hoiſed them above their Prince, for Thave heard one of them fay, he knew not but that
by the power of the keyes he might as well excommunicate the King asany other private
perſon.This conceir hath made the Pope of Rowe fear no earthly Prince, Emperour, Ruler
or Magiſtrate ; nay this hath made him to be feared, and reſpected, and honoured by
Kings and Princes ; and why may not the ſame power in the hands of a Proteſtant Clergy,
make the meaneſt and rhe higheſt to fear and dread them > But ſome will fay;the Word
of God being the Touchſtone wherewith they are to try what points may be the ſubjects
of their cenſures, by ſuch a light and guidance they are not like to erre. But they then be-
ing themſelves the Judges of the ſenſe and meaning of the Word, who ſhall oppoſe their
Judgment, and their enſuing cenſures > Whar if to their triall and judgment they ſhall
bring any Law enacted by a High Court of Parliament, and ſhall judge it. not according
to. the Word of God, and ſo prefle it to the peoples conſciences ; threatning with their
cenſures ſuch as ſhall obey it? in ſuch a caſe how may the power of the keyes unlock and
open a door to the people of rebellion again{t their lawfull Magiſtrates> Oh what dangers
may befall a Common-wealth, whenthus the Clergy ſhall fand over poor and rich',
Subjeft and Magiſtrate, as Perers ſtatue at Rome, with Croſſe-keyes in his hand? What a
rebellion did the Archbiſhop of J2ex5cocauſe by excommunicating Doz Pedro Mexia firſt,
and thenthe Viceroy ? and how did the people fear his keyes more then their Viceroys
temporall power andauthority, ſiding with him againſt ſuch as he had excommunicated 3
What troubles did that DoRtor Smith Biſhop of Chalceder bring among the Papiſts, ſmall
and great ones, not long agoe here in- England; layin upon them by the power of the
RKeyesa cenſure of Excommunication, if they confefled to; or did-entertain and hear the
Maſſe of any, that had not derived their authority from him > Then were they in open
rebellion one againſt another ; the ſecular Priefts againſt the Monkes, Fryers; and Jeſuites,
and the Laity all troubled, ſome ſiding with one, and ſome with another, untill Do&or
Smith having thus kindled the fire, was fain to leaye it burning,; and to berake himſelF
to Paris, and from thence to foment the diſſenſion which with power of the Keyes he had
cauſed here. ; T. :

Oh ſurely the Church ſo far isa good Mother, as it allowes a Magiſtrate to be a Fa-
ther.  And great comfort have thoſethat live within the pale of the Church, to
know that they have the Magiſtrate a Father to flye unto in their preſſures and dif-
comforts. : :

I muſt ingenuouſly confeſſe that one_ main point that brought me from the Church
of Reme , was the too too great power of the Keyes in the, Popes, Biſhops;and Prieſts
hands, who ſtudying more ſelf Policy ; then common Policy, look upon the. peo-
ple, and with their power deal with them more as their Aubjects , then as politicall
Mcmbers ina Common-wealth, rending and tearing them dayly by their cenſures from
that common and Politicall body. to which they belong, without any hopes of care
to be had of them by their Magiſtrate and Politicall head and Governour. / And T
hope Tſhall not have fled from Antichriſt who exalteth himſelfas head of the Church,
and from that power hath his influence over all State and Politicall Heads and Rulers ;
to finde ina Proteſtant Church any ofhis ſpirit; making a diſtinion of a ſpirituall
and temporall head, forgerting the only head Chrift Jeſus ; which wereit once'grant-
ed, as the ſpirit is more noble then the body, ſo would the jnference.ſoon be made,
that they thar are over the ſpirit,are higher.in power then they thar are over the body -
which concluſion would ſoon bring Xexicors troubles among Proteſtants. Experi-

ence.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

68 A New Suctrw} 9[ | the Welſt-Indies,

 

mn

ence in all wy. travails by ſea and land, inmoſt parts of Emrope and of  America, hath ever
raught me, that where the Clergy hath been. t00 much exalted and enjoyed /power over
the people,there the Common-wealth harh ſoon falleninto heavy prefſures and troubles.
Andlet not this my. obſervation ſeem firange as _coming from 'a Minifter, 'for I have
learned from Chrilt, 2arrh. 20-25, 26, 27--T' hat the Princes of the Gentiles exerciſt Do-
minon,and they that are great exerciſe authority. But it ſhall-not be fo among Jou, Eut Whoſoever
Will be great among yor, {et himbe your Miniſter; and Whoſoever Will be chief among you; tft
him be your Servant. 0 }

Lhopethe High Court ofParliament will ſo ſettle the Churchy and Stare herethat rhis
ſhall not fear any, furcher troubles from that ; and that wewho have 'our portion from
the one, may be Miniſters and-Servants under the Commiſſioners of the other.- *And
chus largely I have deſcribed.the State and condition of Mexico in thetime of Mdonrezw-
114,and fince his death the manner.and proportion ofit, with the troubled/conidirionT
foundit in when Lwent thither, by reaſon of a mutiny and rebellion cauſed by-an Arch.
biſhop theyear before. Lhall now-.come-out:-of Xexics, and preſent-unro-you-the
places moſt remarkable about it ;- andfrom thence the ſeverall:parts and\ Countries of
America, before Iberake my ſelfto the journey which T made from Mexico r0 Guatemalk
lying nine hundred Eng/i/b miles Southward; and from therice|yet to Coftarica, and
Nicoya, being nine hundred miles-further'toward the South:

 

A D C mn r  p  rr rrrr r mnmmneeee

ſiCH-APz. XII.ſi

Shewing the ſeverall parts of this new-Warld of America z and the placesof nate
about the famoss City of Mexico. \ :

"A Lthoughimy travailes by Sexand Landin':Amrrita were tot above three'or four
thouſand miles (whichis not the fifc ipartiof it, ifexactly compaſſed-) yet for the
þetter compleating of this my work; I chought fir to inlarge my ſelftoa fall diviſion"of
the many and ſundry parts thereof, here- firſt 'ingenerall ; and hereafrer more 1n
particular ofthoſe parts whereinT lived twelyeyears, andof thoſe which T more exactly
Lored and obſervedasTtravailed and paſſedthrough them. The chief &vifiontherefore
of this greateſt part ofrhe World, is twofold only;to wit, the Mexicans, andrhe Pernat
parts, which contain many great and ſundry Provinces and Countries, ſome as bigas our
whole Kingdome of E-g/and-/But Mexico giving name 0 half America, is now called
Nova Hiſpania, new Spain,from whence the Kings of 'Span do ftyle themſelves Hiſpania=
+um Reges. The Mexican part containerh chiefly the Northern Tract, and comprehend4
erh theſe Provinces hitherto known and diſcovered,to wit, J7ex3co, Duvira, Nicaragna,
Facatan, Florida,Virginia, Nommbega, Nova Frantia,Corterialss, and Eſtotilandia. The
compaſſe ofthis part.of Anrericais thirteen thouſand miles. The Per4am part containeth
all the Southern Tra&, and isryed to the Mexicay by the 1m or ſtrait of Darien, be-
ing no more then 17. or as others fay,inthe narroweſt place bur 12. miles broad from the
North to the South Sea: And many have mentioned to the Councell of Spain,the cutting
of a Navigable Channell through this fmall 7hm, foro ſhorten the Voiage to Chinz,
and the olnceces.  But the Kings 'of Sparn have not as-yet attempred'to do it, fome
fay leſt in'the work he- ſhould loſe thoſe few Tadians that are left ( would 'to God
it were ſo that-they were and had been ſo carefull and render of the poor T4:ans lives,
more populors would that vaſt and ſpacious Country be at this day:) but others
fay he hath not attempred that great work , leſt the paſſage by the Cape Bons Eſpe-
ranza $00d hope, being left off, thoſe Seas might becomea recepracle of Pirates. How-=
ever this hath not been attempred by the Spaniards, they give not for reaſon any ex-
rraordinary great  charge, for that would foon be recompenſed with the ſpeedy
and eafie conveying that way the Commodiries from South to North'Seas. This
Pernan part of: America containerh theſe. Countries, or Kingdomes, t0 wit, Caſtella au=
rea; Guiana, Per, Brafil, Chille ; and the compalle of it is feventeen rhouſand 1miles. I
ſhallnot ſpeak-diftin&ly ofall cheſe parts, which betrer writers, and of fwore kn%W-
ledge

 
A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies,

ledge bave betore me diſcovered ; and becauſe tome of them being our of the Spanraris
reach and, domimon, from whomT have received my belt intelligence,T havefrom them
had lictle notice ofthem, nor experience, which indeed I intend ro make my beſt guide
in,_this _my.. worke. Therefore to ' return again to-the Hexicay part;-and the

 

 
 

  

     
 

 

 

 

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268 26.9 270]Septentrio 271 272 773 32
1 4
Guachuclhules ſſ'
A A.A A { }
: —> His m!:ſm'hmſſ;_mximq - ! |
A argent! copia effoditur [123]
nos - - 1
0 I!d/ Zirtts N - Cacatequas I
Rn -
24 prnagapreta SoO Vocloftlan o
Gugiityampta ,\ſiſi* {pozol & : I
= X cmcg. 8 ſi\')\ mctl. ON ws 3
= 23 AvutlanSTecon ſi'ſi\gctſi\,ſi:ſſct A A D M
l Sxlotlapr oliumN ÞOum 7 PuagaliaHiſpans []
Zz21] = Az D £ : rum ubi armenta L]z2
® Cuneac ſſſi[ſſſſſſſſ'\}[ct" JSARRD f paſeuntur P N K
== - amy_zy}t[ln-gſſcſigſſflc —— &- d [
= JT "Guadalaiaritfn S Sb ,F\ []
= : Lyaatian ” —=» N HR H
Tetitlan.. AN 12 Pornulds Fa@ » 2 []
oAdcatlan A —Mefala - :_ſi (9 A , :
Y ® — — ) 7 : ”
A __— Efiet Mons a F .-Haſiga]m I-[ſſz anorunt ]
OTecontoru **Anaflan =choP — E N 7 [7
© rita Pro S. R lct*'ct'*'ct;ſſ]- rPz 2 ® [1z71 4
B - AA j—_— AN Pn - 3
Xu[t_.nan' mn m %1" 74 A X g;,*zzſſg;ſſ]afſſ, ctſſſi_ Tres N tAtacorimn &2 I'F
— A aAdXalv felichnaygs © y a>S SMichal - $91S "" 1Anbara & HS
— " -e I/HazaPron - A Alrger AA Guarumor HT ſſicty F E Uſit
| FAAR A lidan A Fmineric Ga & , >— -& A Zongulaca a|
| Hagar N Panpucho © 4 YA m ſlſh l% P PT : L LnSS's lcaſachtrtla 'I
FS H tafiems P A Mcxqaitlan Adibea Z ;\'B 0 5 J R Dalg kwey 4 & Acaſacl ſim* n Hx
Piſcatio% FUdeobaque, - oOpatlan<& onitapan " &7 TVear co PColrfia\t - F -
& Purs JrcatHio E24Han E " 4  Lnoi & MeSic Tumba -
= L £ f 7 wSpa :O Y hctzxz nmrp/_a% FbSies & Fatatlan L
I = = £2 AX. A [ZZZZL Acgvuca _ſct/tmſ*iþ Eclloart ct-ſſ'{-*ſ,ct" ;714 2 % r Capulalpa ]

- = == . <S A Lludlaya D Yenguadin fru Batot), *G F 9 C3 - A”
Portns natuntafs - RA7uHan! & A 4 ho £ 15 Carlimr N ngelorl
=y = ==z Coatla ®n <*f{ A SYANeg ctzgofict - E oalifa taago &ctllſſſiſi{"ſizſſſſ umcut
1 = ma LN )\ſſfſſi Durleato acz g??"m"ffſi- D '1}71;1]04:.1'& /ſi'ct' N 2

D apalqueteN Gurupasco } Cacamala Tochomveey N Sxca 1
[] = TC: Z'Paſi;u ( - Q cyatlan [Cuer ſibſſctſſj 2 ſſ eearal T]
[ [1 ns > .:lſhapu Taco Veacar. []
| l I ſſ]?],fi"{ct Guer) ftac Thilapon. &
37 of - : Aaluftling : Cn p ſſg_ct[ctſſ]ſſ : ſ7 ſſ}-
s 4 Tentalco
Z ApPacatuls Nn 7 - 4ug Chiauda  f & [1
[ acatula M PMialmatlany - CAA AN '{- 1
= ,. 'ct*(dzſſtcta[ſl—'lg"/j;ſi'ſſ Fodins XNN S -
- k ugalar ct,y,,mſi SIS $ D
I birtatlan liſi\ſi\ Coatalpanecas =
H A AN populr []
1ſi S : ffl
[] « Catalutla L]
[] - - []
l :
H A_EEENMNTT (
273 274

 

 

 

 

IUC LOAL.uuS D p47a7 w SMOUpULLUMwy- - An edn oey - :
been able toperforme, by reaſon that 2exicoand the City of Aygets hath drawn to
them the chiet trading, and moſt of the Inhabitants of the other four. Eſpecially
the reſort ro Mexico1s ſo great, that all the Towns about (which formerly were of 1y-
dians) are nowinhabited by Spaniards and HMeſtizoes. T may not omit about 2exicothat
famous place of Chapultepec, which in the Heathens times was the burying place of the
Emperours; and now by the Spaniards is the Eſcuriall of America, where the Vicc-
T9yes

  

  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
   
 
 
  
   

66 A New Survey ofſiſſtbe Weſt-Indics,

 

encein all wy trayails by ſex and land, in moſt parts of Exrope and of  America, hath ever
raught.me, thar wherethe Clergy hath been- roo-much exalted and enjoyed power over
the people,there the Common-wealth hath ſoon fallen into heavy preſſuresand troubles.
_And ler not this my obfervation ſeem ſtrange as_coming from"a Minifter, for- 1 have

—_—_— 3 HUIE DEaD. x14,a VECOME A TECEPLAcIe OF PITULTS. Hows
ecn attempted by the. mards, they give nor for reaſon any ex-
charge, for that wonld foon be recompenſed with the ſpeedy
l way the Commodities from "South to North Seas. This
2 partof* America containeth theſe. Countries, or Kingdoines, to wit, Caſtela as-
Tea, Grimma, Per, Brafl, Chille; and the compaſle of it is feventeen rhouſand imiles. T
ſhalfnot ſpeak-diſtin&ly ofall theſe parts, which betrer writers, and of more kn%w-
ledge

« -- » "V1L,-—CHU

 

    
    

 

  
ly

5

—_ R ſſſi__ - - «
Wfl— as P D R ITD eIEEG C OgeT
- O C — " P TC

A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies.

ledge have before me diſcoyered ; and becauſe ſome of them being our of the Spanriaris
reach and, domimion, from whomT have received my belt intelligence,T have from them
had lictle notice ofthem, nor expertence, which indeed T intend to make my beſt guide
in. this my worke. Therefore to  return again to the Hexicay part, and the
Northern Trac; I ſhall fallagain upon the firſt and chief member of that diviſion :
which I faid was Aexico. This abounderh with golden fanded rivers, in which
are many Crocodiles (rhough not ſo big as thoſe of Egypr) which the 1ndian people. ear.
It glorieth in the mountains Popochampeche, and Popocatepec, which are of the ſame
nature with e/£7naand Veſuvins. Nayall the way South-ward as far as Leop-in Nica-
ragua, there are many of theſe fiery mountains. Bur Popocatepec is one of the
chief of them, which fignifierh a hill of ſmoake, for many times it cafteth our
fmoake and{ fire ; ir ſtanderh eighr leagues from Chololla ; the aſcending up unto it is
very troublefome, and full of craggie rocks. When Cortez paſſed that way to Mexi-
co, he ſent ten Spaniards to viewit, with many 1zdians to carry their victuals, and to
guide them in rhe way. They approached ſo nigh thetop, that they heard fucha ter-
rible noiſe which proceeded from thence, that they durſt not £oe unto it ; for the
ground did tremble andſhake, and great quantity ofaſhes did much diſtutb their way:
But yettwo of them who ſeemed to be moſt hardy, and defirous to ſee ſrange things!
went up tothe top,  becauſe they would not return witha fleeveleſſe anſwer, and that
they might nor beaccounted cowards, leaving their fellowes behind them, proceeded
forwards, and paſſed chrough thar deſert of athes , and ar lengrh came undera great
ſmoake very thick, and ftanding there a while, the darkneſſe vanithed partly away,and
then appeared the Vulcan andconcavity, which is about half a league in compaſſe,
out of the which the aire camerebounding witha very great noiſe;very ſhrill and whiſt-
ling, ſo that the whole hill did tremble; it was ike unto an oven where glafſe is miade.
The ſmoakeand heat was ſo grear that they could not abide it, and of force were con-
frained ro recurn by the way that they hadaſcended.  But they were not gone farre,
when the Vulcan began to flaſh-out flames of fire, aſhesand embers, yea andat the laſt
Rones of burning fire, and if they had not chanced to finde a rock , under which they
ſhadowed themſelves, undoubredly they had there been burned. It is\like unto the
Vulcan of S$jci4a, it is high and round; and never wanteth ſnow about ſfome part of
it. Before the coming. of Cortez for ten years ſpace it had left of expelling vapour or
ſmoake ; but inthe year 1540. it began again to burn; and with the horrible noiſe
thereof, the people that dwelt four leagues fromit were terrified ; theaſhes that pro-
ceeded then from it reached to Tlaxcallan, which ſtanderh ten leagues diſtant from it ;
yeaſome affirmethat it extended fifteen leagues diſtant, and burned the herbs in the
gardens, the corne in the fields, and clothes that lay a drying. And miany ſuch hils and
mountains doth this Mexican part of America, Or new Spain abound with. The li-
mits of it are onthe Eaſt, ?4cata, and the gulfe of Aexico; on the Weſt Californio,
onthe South the Pexuay part. The Northern boundsare anknown ; 1o that we cannot
certainly avow this Americato be continent; nor certainly affirme it to be an-Ifland 2
difiingutſhed from the old world.  It was very populous before the arrivall of the Spa-
»iards, who in ſeventeen years flew ſix millions of them, roaſting ſome, plucking out
the eyes, cutting off the armes of others, and caſting them living to bedevoured of
wilde beaſts. This chief Provice of America named Mexica, is further ſubdivided
into four parts, that is to fay, Themiſtitan, Nova Galicia, Mechoacan, and Gayſta-
chan. Themiſtitan is the greateſt and nobleſt of theſe four ; for that it containeth fix
Ciries, and of them one 1s 2exico, which:giverh name to the half part of America,
and is theſeat of an Arch-biſhop, and of the Spaniſh Viceroy, whoſe greatneſſe with-
inThave before laid open ; the ſecond City'is La Paebla de his Angeles, the City of
Angels, the third Yilarxca; the fourth Antiquera; the fifth Aeccioea ; the fixth
Oxtopan. But all theſe, excepting the two firſt,are but ſmall places;named Cities forinerly,
for thar rhe Spaniards rhoughr to have made them Biſhops ſeats, which they have not
been able ro performe, by reaſon that Xexicoand the City of Aygels hath drawn to
them the chiet trading, and moſt of the Inhabitants of the other four. Eſpecially
the reſort to Mexico 1s ſo great, that all the Towns about (which formerly were of 7;-
dians) are nowinhabited by Spaniards and Meſtizoes. 1 may not omit about 27exicothat
famous place of Chapwltepec, which in the Heathens times was the burying place of the
Emperours ; and now by the Spaniards is the Eſcuriall of America, where the Vice-

T9yes

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

A New Survey of the W elt-Indies,
royesſſhat dieare alſo interred. There is a ſumptuous palace built with many fair gardens-,
and deviſes of waters,and ponds of fiſh, whither the Viceroye3and the- Gentry of Mexi-
co do reſort for their recreation, The riches here belonging ro the Viceroyes Chappell
are thought to beworth above a million of crownes. : ;

Tacuba is alſo a pleaſant Town full of orchards and gardens,in the very way to Chaps}-
tepec. South-ward 1s To/xco, rich alfo for trading, but above all much mentioned for the
Bacon, which1s the belt of all thoſe parts, and is tranſported far and near. Welt-ward: is
the Town called La Pirdad, at the end of a Cawſey, whither the people much reſorr
from AMexico, being drawn to the ſuperſtitious worſhip ofa piEture of 2Zary which hach
been enriched by the chief of 2exico with many thouſand pounds worth of gifts of
chains, and crowns of gold.

But more Northweſt-ward three leagues from Merico is the pleaſanteſt place of all
that are about 2Zex:co,called z Soledad, and by others el defrerto, the ſolitary or deſerr
place and wilderneſſe. Were all wilderneſles like it , to live ina wilderneffe would be
betterthen to liveina City. This hath beena device of poor Fryers named diſcalced.,
or barefooted Carmelites, who to make ſhew of their hypocriticall and apparenr god-
lineſſe, and that whileft they would be thought to livelike Eremites, retired from the
world, they may drawthe world unto them ; they have builr therea ftately Cloiſter ,
which being upon a hill and among rocks' makes it to be more admired. About the
Cloiſter,they have faſhioned out many holes and Cavesin,under,and among the rocks,
like Eremites lodgings, with a room to lie in, and an Oratory to pray.in, with pictures,
and Images, and rare devices for mortification, as diſciplines of wyar, rodsof Iron;,
haix-cloths, girdles with ſharpe wyar points to girdle about their bare. fleſh, and ma-
ny ſuch like; toyes which hang about their Oratories, to-make people admiretheir mor-
tified and holy lives. All theſe Eremeticall holes and cayes ( which are fome ten in all}

: axe within the bounds and compaſſe of the Cloiſter) and among orchards and gardens

full of fruits and flowers, which may take up two. miles: compaſſe; and here among
the rocks are many ſprings of water, which with the ſhade of the plantins and othey
trees., 'are moſt cooland pleaſant to the Eremites ; they havealſo the ſweet ſmell of
the roſe and jazmin, which isa little flower,, but the ſweeteſt of all others; there is
not any other flower to.be foundthat is rare and exquiſite in that Country, which is
not.in that wildernefle to.dehghe the ſenſes of  thoſe mortified Eremites. They are
weekly. changed from the Cloiſter , and when their week is ended, othersare ſent, and
they return.unto their Cloiſter;they carry-with them:their bottles of wine, fweer-mears,
and otherproviſion; as for fruits,the trees'about do drop:them into their mouths. It is
wonderfull to ſee the ſtrange deviſes of fountains of water which are abour rhe gardens;
but much more ſirange and wonderfull to-ſee thereſort of Coaches, and gallants, and La-
diesand Citzzens from1exico.thither,ro walke and make merry in thoſe deſert pleaſures,
and .to ſee thoſe,bypocrites, whom they lookupon as living Saints, and ſo rhink nothing
too good for them, to.cheriſh them. in their deſert conflicts with: Satan. None goes to
them. but carries.ſome ſweet-meats,or ſome other dainty diſh to: nouriſh and feed them
withall.; whoſe prayers they. likewiſe earneſtly ſolicite, leaving them great almes of niony
for their Maſſes ;andaboveall, offering to a picture intheir Church, called our Lady of
Carmel,treaſures of diamonds, pearls, golden chainsand crowns, and gownes of cloth of
goldand:{ilver. Before this picture did hang inmy time twenty lamps of filver; the worſt
ofthembeing worth a hundred pound,; truly Satan hath givenunto them what he offered
Chrifſt inthe deſert, All theſe thingswillTgive thee if thow wilt fall down and worſhip
me ;all.the dainties and of all.the riches. of Awevica bath-he givenuntothemin thar cheir
deſert, for that they daylyfall down-and worſhip him, In the way to this place there is
another Town yet called T acxbaya, where is arich Cloiſter of Franciſcans, andalſo ma-
ny: gardens and orchards, but aboveallmuch reſorted to for the muſickin that Church,
whereinthe Eryers have made the 1ndians ſo dexterousand skilfull, thar they dare com-
pare with the/ Cathedrall Church of Mexico. Theſe were the chief places ofmine and
my-friends, reſort,whilſt Tabode abour_24exice,which Ifoundto be molt wortha Hiſtory,
and ſo.thought fix here toinſert them, and-ſo paſſe on tothe other parts or Provinces
of Mexzco.

Next toithis: isthe Province of Guaſtachan, which lieth- inthe rode from St. Zohy de
Ulbua to.Mexico, whichis not-ſo-poor: as Heyliamakethit, for that nowir dothabound

with, wany.rich farmes of Sugar, and: of Cochinil, and; reachett as: far as the Vallez;_-
0.

 

 
 

 

A New Survey'of the Weſt-Indies.

of Guaxaca which isa mott rich place. - The cluef Ciry of this Province was wont to be
Tlaxcallaz, whereof Thave formerly ſpoken ; ' but now the City of Graxaca which is a
Biſhops ſear, and Xalappa which is alto of late made a Biſhops ſear, makes it more famous.
it gloryethallo in /:l/a Ricaa Port Town very wealthy, becauſe all the traffique betwixr
the Old and New Spains do paſſe throvghit.The Spaniards have in ittwo rich Colonies
called Paz;ico, and S7: Famesin the valleys, The third Province of 2exico is called e-
cheacan, which containeth in circuite fourſcore leagues. Tt is alſo an exceedins rich coun-
try, abounding in Mulberry trees,{ilk, honey, wax, black-amber, works of divers coloured
feathers,moſt rich,rare and exquiſire, and fuch ſort of fiſh ,.thar from thence it took 1ts
name, AZcchaoncan, which ſignifietha place of fiſhing. —_ ”
The language of the 1-diaysis molt elegant and copious! and they tall; frong, a-
dive, and of very/good wits, as may be ſeen 1n all rheir works, but eſpecially in thoſe
of ſeathers , whichare ſo curious, that they are preſenred for rich preſents to the
King and Nobles'of Spaiy. The chief City of this Province is Valladelid.a Biſhops
ſeat; and the beſt Towns are S;»ſente , which was the refidence of the Kings of this
countrey.  There isalſo Paſexarand Celima very great Towns inhabited by 1pdians
and Spaniards. Thereare alſo two good havens, called Sr. Anthony, and St. Fames, or
Santjago, This countrey of Mechoacan was almolt as great as the Empire of 2exico,
when Cortez, conquered thoſe parts. The King thar was then of Mechoacan was cal-
led Caconzin, who was a great friendunto Coxtez, anda ſervitor to the $ 'paniards, and
willingly yeelded himſelfas- vaſſall to the King of Spain; yet fuch was the cruelty of
Don Nanio de Guzman, the firſt Ruler and Preſident of the Chancery of Mexice after
the conquelt, that underſtanding he was put out of his office, he' took his journey

againft the Texchichimecas, and carried in his company five hundred $ paniards, Wit
whom and ſix thouſand” 746,9:5 which by force he rook out of Mecheacan, he conque-
red Xalixcowhichis now called the new Galicia. And Vas for this purpoſe he paiſed
through Mecchiacan, hetook priſoner the King Caconzin, (who was quiet and peace-
able and ſtirred not again{t him )*and took from him ten thoufind markes of plate,
and much» goldand other treaſure, 'andafterwards burned him, and many other 7:dj-
an Gentlemewand principall/ perſons of that Kingdome, becauſe they ſhould not com-
plain, faying thar a deaddog biteth 'nor. They were in this Kingdomi as ſuperſtiti-
ousand idolatrousasinthe reſt of America. No divorcement was permitted amonglſt
them, except the party made a ſolemn oath,that they looked not the one 0n the other
ſtedfaſtly anddirectly at the time of their marriage. Tn the burying likewiſe of their
Kings they were ſuperſtitious, cruell,” and Idolatrous. When any King of Mechoa-
can happened to be brought to ſuch extremity of ſickneſſe rhat hope of life was pait;
then did hename and appoint which ofhis fons ſhould inherit the Rare and Crown,
and being-known the new'King or heir-preſently ſent for all the Govyernours, Captains,
andvaliant ſouldiers, who had any office or charge, to come unto the buriall of his fa-
ther, and he thar camenor, from thenceforth was held for a Traitour , and fo puni-
ſhed. When the death of the old King was' certain , then came all deprees of eſtates,
and did-bring their preſents to the new King for the approbation of his Kingdome :
Butif the King were not throughly dead,” bur at the'point of death; then the gates
were ſhutin, andnone/permittedto enter; and if he were throughly dead ; then be-
gan a generallcryand mourning; andthey were permitred to come wheretheir dead
King lay; andto rouch himwith their hands: © This being done the carkaſſe was waſh-
ed with fixeet waters, and'thenafine ſhirt put upon him, and a payre_ofſhooes made
of Deer skin pur on his'feet, and about his anckles were tied bels.of gold, abour
the wriſts of his hands wereput bracelets of Turkiſes and of gold likewiſe ; abour his
neck they did*hang collarsof pretious ſones and alſo of gold, and rings in his cares,
with a great Turkiſe in! his'nether 1ip.* Then his body was laid upon a large. Beer,
whereon was placed a good, bed under him ; on his one fide lay a bow with a quiver
of arrowes, and on his other fide lay an Image made of fine mantles of his own ſta-
cure or bignefſe, with a'preat tuffe of fine feathers, ſhooes upon his feet, with brace.
lets and a collar of gold. While this wasa doing;others were buſted in waſhing the men
and women, 'which ſhould be flainfor to accompany him into hell. Theſe wxetches.
that were to be ſlain, were firſt banqueted and filled with drink, becauſe they ſhould re-
ceiverheir death wich lefſe pain. The'new King did appoint thoſe who ſhould die for.
t6 ſerye the King his farher z and many of thoſe fHimple ſouls eſteemed that dea(c\þſſ ſo
odious

 

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_#ſſzj\(ew ,Sur*veyſſ of the Weſt-Indies.

 

C — —_ — mm _ : = mm
" odious for a thins of immortall glory. Firſt fix Gentlewomen. of noble birth were

appointed to die ; the one to _have the office of keeper of his jewels, which he wzs
wont to wear ; another for the office ofcup-bearer; another to give. him water with a
baſon and Ewer ; another to give him. alwayes che Urinall; another to be his Cooke ;
and enother to ſerye for Landrefs. They flewalſo magy women, flayes, and free-maidens
for to attend upon.the Gentlewomen, and moreoyer one of every occupation within
the City. When all theſe that were appointed to die were waſhed, and their bellies full
with meat and drinke, then they painred their faces yellow, and put /garlands of fiveer
flowers uponeach of their heads. Then they went 1n order of procellion before the
Beere, whereon the dead King was carried ; ſome went playing on inftruments made
of Snail ſhels , andothers. played upon |hones and ſhels of Sea- Tortois, others went
whiſtling, and the moſt parr weeping. The Sons ofthe dead Kingand other Noble men
carried upon their ſhoulders the Beere where the Corpſe lay , and proceeded withanea-
ſie pace towards the Temple of the God called Curicavers ; his kinfmen went round a-
hout the Beer ſinging a ſorrowfull ſong. The . officers and houſhold-ſeryants of the
Court, with other Magiſtrates and Rulers of Juſtice bare the Standards and divers 0-
ther Armes. . And abour midnight they departed inthe order aforeſaid out of the Kings
Palace with great lighr of fire-brands, and with a heavy noiſe of their trumpets and
drummes. The Citizens which, dwelc where the Corpſe paſſed, attended to make clean
the ſtreet. And when they were cometo the Temple, they went four times round a-
bout a freat fire which was prepared of Pine tree to burn the dead body. Thenthe Beer
was laid upon the fire, and in the mean while that the body was burning, they mawled
with a clubthoſe which had the Garlands, and afterward buried them four and four
as they were apparelled behind the Temple. The next day in the morning the aſhes ;
bones and jewels were gatheredand laid upon axich mantle, the which was : carried to
the Temple gate, where the Priefts attended to bleſſe thoſe devilliſh reliques,, whereof

they made a dow or paſte, and. thereof an Image,; which was- apparelled like 'a man 3
with, a viſor on his face, andall other forts of jewels that the dead King was wont. 'ta
wear , ſo that it ſeemed a gallant_ Idoll. At thefoot ofthe Temple ftairesthey opened
a grave ready made, which was ſquare, large,two fadome. deep, it was' alſo hanged with
new matsround about, and a fair bed therein , in the which one of the Priefts placed
the 1dol! made of aſhes with his eyes rowatds the Eaft-part, anddid hang round abour
the wals, Targets of goldand filyer, with bowesand arrows, and many gallanr tuffes of
feathers with earthen veſſels, as pots, diſhes, and platters, ſo that.the grave was filled up
with houſhold-ſtuffe, cheſts covered with Leather, apparell, Jewels, meat, drinke -and
armour. This done, the grave was ſhut up and made ſure with beams, boardes., and
floored with earth on.the top. All thoſe Gentlemen who: had ſerved. or touched any
thing inthe buriall, waſhed themſelyes and went to dinner in-the Court or yard: of the
Kings houſe without any table, and having dined they wiped their hands upon. certain
lockes of Cotton-wooll, hanging ;down their heads, and-not ſpeaking any word.,
except. it were toaaske for drinke. . This ceremonie endured five dayes, and in all that
time no fire was permitted to be kindled in the City, except in; the Kings houſe and
Temples, nor yet any.corn was, ground., or \market kept , nor any durſt go out' of
their houſes, ſhewing all the ſorrow that might be poſlible for-the death of their King.
And, this was the ſuperſtitious manner of buryingthe Kings of Mechoacan. This people
did puniſh adultery moſt rigorouſly ; for to. commit it was death as well for the man as
the woman. But if the adulterer were a Gentleman » his head was decked with  fea-
thers,, and after that he was hanged, and his body burned; and for this offence was
no pardon, either for man or woman. Bur for avoiding of adultery they did permit
other common women., bur no publick and ordinary ſtewes. Now the 7ad;ans of Meche-
acan are greatly takenwith the popiſhdevices,- and are ftrong in that religion,  as any
part.of America.

The foprth and lait Province of the Country or Empire of Aexico, 1s called Galicia
»ova, and.is watered with two very. great rivers, the one named; P;aſte, and the other
San Sanbaſtian. This Province gloryethin many._ great Townes of Jadians; but eſpe-
cially in ſix, 1n.hab1ted both by 1diansand Spanterds;; the firſt and chiefeſt is Xals/co,
taken, by Nxnode G#zmmn I530. when he fled from Mexico inarage, and took- priſo--
ner and burned the King of Mechoacan. The ſecondiis Gradalaiara, The third Coaram.
The fourth Compeſtella, The fifth _ $t. Eſpirit: The fixth Capala, which: oow is- called

Nova

 
 

ew Survey of the W-ſt-Indies.

Nova Mexico, new Mexico. Andhereitis that the Spamiardsare dayly warring againit
the 1ndians which bye Northward, andare not as yer reduced nor brought under the
Spaniſh yoake and government, They are yaliant 1ydians, and hold the Spaziards hard
co it; and haye great advantage againſt theminthe/rocks and mountains, where they
abide and cut oft many Spaniards.., Their chief weapons: are but- bowes and arrowes,,
and yet with them from.che thick VWoods, hils and rocks they annoy- and  offend the
Spaniards exceedingly... I have heard fome Spaniards,fay that they flie and climbe up
the; rocks/like Goats; and. when they draw nigh-unto them, then they cry our with
a hideous noiſe ſhooting their arrowes acthem,, and inan/infiant are- departed and fled
unto another rock. The reaſon whythe Spaniards. are-ſo carneſt to pertue- and conquer
theſe 1ndians, more then many others. of America,| which as yet. are not brought-in
fubjection to the Spaniards , is for the many mines of filverand treafure 'of gold-which
they know to be there. They haye- gor already-ſure poſſeflionof part of thoſe riches in
the Mines, called St. Lewss Sacarecas, trom whence they ſend all the filver:thar. is coyned in
the Mint houſes of Aexicoand the, City. of Angels, and every, year beſides to Spain in
ſilver wedges ar leaft fix Millions. But the- further the Spaniards g0 to the North, Rill
more riches they diſcover; and fain| would they ſubdue all thoſe Northern parts (as 1
have , heard them fay ) leſt our Eng/h from Yirginia,, and their other plancations;
get in before-them.. Lhave heard them wonder that our EZg4/4.enter no turcher into
the main. land.; ſurelyJay they,jeither .chey fear the Tnd;ans; or elſe with a little paultry
Tobacco they. bave as much as will maintain- them. in lazineſſe. » Certainly they in-
rend.to conquer.through.thoſe heatheniſh 7zdians, untill by. land they'come to Florida
and /:7ginia, (tor 1o. they boaſt) if they be not met with by ſome-of our Northern
Nations of Exrope, who-may better keep them off.then thoſe poorIndians, and may
do God. greater and better ſervice with thoſe rich Mines, then the' Spanizrds hithertg
have done. _ :

Thus having ſpoken ſomgewhat..of the four Proyinces. of 2exico,, which was the
firſt member of thedivilion Aexican and Pernan; Now. T ſhall briefly fay ſomewhat
further of three more Countries belonging-to the Mexican or Northern Tra& as/ op-
polite tothe Peruan, omitting. Flaida, Virginia, Norumbega, Nova Francia Corterialss,
and Eſtoti/andia', becauſe, I will -not write as many do' by relation and heareſay., bur
by- more ſure intelligence, infight and experience.  In my firſt diyifion next to 2exi-
co, 1 placed 2ugvira, Fucatan,and Nicaragua ; of theſe three therefore' I ſhall fay a lit-
tle, and then fomewhat of the Perwan part. ,245vira is ſeatedon the moſt Weſtern
part of America, jult over a%ainſt Tartary;, from whence being, not much diſtant ſome
ſuppoſe that the Inhabitants firſt came into this new World: . Andindeed the 1z4ians of
Ametica'in many things ſeem to. be of the race and progenie of the Tartars, in that
DPaivira andall the Weſtſide of the Country towards Afa is'farre more populous
then the, Eaſt rowards Emrope ; which ſheweth theſe pirts to have been firſt inhabited.
Secondly , their uncivility, and barbarous properties tell us that they are moſt like
the Taxtars of any. Thirdly, the Weſtſide of * Americaif it benot continent with Tar-
rary , is yet disjoyned by a ſmall ſtraight.. Fourthly, the people of {/24:v1ra necreſt to
T artary , ate faid to follow the ſeaſons and. paſturing of their Catrell like the T arrari-
ans. All this ſide of America is full of herbage , and enjoyetha teinperate aire. The
peopleare defirous of glafſe more then of gold; and in- fome places to this day are
Cannibals. The chiet riches of this Country are their Kine; which are to.them aswe
fay of our Ale to drunkards, meat;drinkand cloth, and tnore too: Bor the Hides yeeld
them. houſes, or at leaſt the coyerings of them ; their bones bodkins, » their hair thred,
their ſinews ropes; their horns, mawes and bladders, veſſels; their dung; fire ; their
Calve skinnes, budgets. to draw and keep water ;- their bloud ,, drink ;  their fleſh,,
meat. :

Thereis thought to be ſome traffique from Chiza, of Cathaya, hither to thoſe parts ;
whereas yet the Spaniards have not entred. For when Vazquez de Corozado conquered
ſome part of it,  he faw in the further Sea certain ſhips, not of common making ,
which ſeemed to. be well laden, and bare in their prowes, Pelicans, which could.nor
be conjeQured to come from any Country; bur one of theſerwo. In 2a4vira there
are but two Provinces known unto us, which are Cihola, and Nova Albion. Ciboly ly-
eth on the Eaſtſide, whoſe chief City is of the ſame-name, and denominates the whole
Province. The chief Town next to Cibetais called Torontaa; which is temperate and.

: H pleaſant

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

A New Survey of the Weſt-Indics.

ſſpleaſanc,being ſituated upona River ſo called.The third Town worth mentioning is calſed

Tinguei, which was burne by the Spaniards ; w_ho under the condu& of Franciſeo Vaſquez,

de Coronado made this Province ſubject'to the King of Spazn, An Dom. 1540. And fince

this Town of Tingxez hath been rebuilt and inhabited by the Spaniards; There is a good-

ly Colledge of Jeſuites,who only preach to the 17dians of that country. Nova Alhion lyerth /
})

 

 

on the Welt fide towards 7 artary, andis very littleinhabited by the  Spaniards who have
found no wealth-or riches there. - Our ever-Renowned and Noble Caprtain Sir Fancis
Drake diſcovered it, entred upon it, and he named it Nowa Albin, becauſe the King that
then was, did willingly ſubmir himſe|funto onur Queen El;zaberh.

The Country abounds with fruits pleaſing both to the eye and the Palate. The people
are given to hoſpitality, but withall to writchcraft and adoration of devils. The bounds
berween this 21viraand Mexico Empire is Mar Virmiglio, or Califoraio. The third
Kingdome belonging to the ?Mexican part and Northern Tratt is Jacaran; which
was firſt diſcovered by Franciſco Hernandez de Cordova,' in the year 1517. It is cal-
led ?ucatan, notas ſome haye conceited from ottay the fon of Heber, who they thinke
came out ofthe Eaſt, where the Scripture placeth him, Gep. 12.23. to inhabire here .
but from 7-catan whith in the” 2pd5as rongue lignifieth, whatfay you? for when the
Spaniardsat their firſt arriving in that Country did aske of the 77d5ays the name of the
place, the Savages not underitanding what rhey meaned, replyed unto them Tucatan ,
which is, what fay you? whereupon the Spaniards namedit,, andever fince have called it
?acatan. The whole Country is at leaſt 900. miles in circuit, and isa Peninſwula. It is ſitu-
atedover againft the Ifle of Cab4; and is divided irito three parts,firſt Fucatar it ſlf,whoſe
Ciries of greateſt worth, are Campeche, Valladolid, Merida, Simancas, and one which for
his greatneſſe and beauty, they call Caje; This Country among the Spariards is held to
be poor ; the chief Commodities init are hony,wax;Hides,and ſome Sugar, but no Indigo,
Chochinel nor Mines offilyer ; There are yet ſome drugs much eſteemed of by the Apo-
thecaries, Cana fiſtula, Zarzaparilla eſpetially7 and great ftore of Tnd;an Miiz. There
isalſo abundance of good Wood and Timber fit for ſhipping, whereof the Spaniards do
make very ſtrong ſhips, which they uſe intheir voiages to Spain and back again. In the
year 1632.the Iad;ans of this Courtry in many places of it were like to rebell againſt their
Spaniſh Governour, who vexed them ſorely, making 'them bring into him their Fowles
and Turkies ( whereof there is alſo great abundance) and their hony .and wax ( wherein
hetraded) at the rate and price which he pleaſed t6 ſer them for his better advantage ;
which was fuch a diſadvantage ro them, rhat ro enrich him they impoyeriſhed them-
ſelves; andſo reſolved to- betake themſelves ro'the Woods and 'Mountaines ; wherein
a rebellious way they continued ſome months, untill the Franciſcan Fryers, who have
there great power over them , reduced themback, and the Governour' ( left heſhould
quiteloſe that Country by a further rebellion) grantedto them not only a generall
pardon in the Kings name,, bur. for the future promiſed touſe them more mildly and

ently:

- Thiz ſecond part ofit is called Guaremala, (whereinT lived for the ſpace of almoſt twelve
years) whoſe Inhabitants have loſt formerly half a million of their kinſmen and friends
by the unmercifull dealing of the Spaniards ; and yet for all the loſſe of ſo many thou-
fands, there is no part of America more flouriſhing then this with great and populous
Tadians Townes. They may thanke the Fryers who defend them daily againſt the Spa-
niards, and thisyet for their ownends; for while the 1p4iys flouriſh and increaſe, the
Eryers purſes flouriſh alſo andare filled. The Countrey is very freſhand plentifull. The
chief Cities are Guatemala, Caſſuca, and Chiapa ; whereof I ſhall ſpeak more largely
hereafter. Thethird part of 7acatanis Acaſamil, which is an Ifland over againlt Gua-
temala, which is now commonly called by the Spaniards, Sta. Craz, whoſe chief Town
is Sra. Cruz.

The fourth and laft Country of the diviſion of the Mexicay part and Northern Tra&
of America, (which is under the Spaniſh Government, and my beſt knowledge and [
experience) is Nicaragna , which Rtandeth South-eaft from Aexico, and above four
hundred and fifty leagues from it. Yet it agreeth ſomewhat with 2ex5coin nature borh
of ſoiland Inhabitants. ©, The people are of-good ftature, and'of colour indiffetent
white. - They had, before they received Chriftianity, a ſetled and politick forme of |
Government ; Only, as Solo appointed no Law for a. mans killing of his father , fo |
had this people none for the mugtherer of a King, both gf them conceiting, that men |

were

 
 

 

P. p
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A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies.

Uled were not ſo unnaturall, as to commit ſuch crimes. A theef they judged not to dearh,
[hez, #  bur adjudged him rto be a flavero that man whom he had robbed, till by his fervice he
'-ſiff had made fatisfaQion : a courſe truely more mercifull and nor lefle juft, then the loſſe
0 of life.
Yſſ}cz'ſſn This Countrey is fo pleaſing to the eye, andabounding in all rhings neceffary, that
Uye the Spaniards callit Hahorers Paradiſe. Among other flowriſhing trees, here growctfi
mcy one of that nature, that a man cannor rouch any of its branches, buv itwithererh preſent-
that Iy. It isas plentifull of Parrers, as our Country of Ex2/ard is of Crowes ; Turkies,Fowles,

Quailes and Rabbets are ordinary meat there. There are many populous T:4iay Townes
0 (chough nor ſo many as about Guatemala) in this Country ; and eſpecially rwo Cities
und of Spaniards ; the one Leon, a Biſhops Sear, and the other Granada, which ſtanderh upon
hird a Lake of freſh water, which harh above three hundred miles in compaſſe, and having no
hich intercourſe with the Ocean, dorh yer conrinually ebbe and flow. But of this Countrey;

and of this City eſpecially I fay ſomewhat more, when I come to ſpeak of my travailing
through it. ;

Thus I have briefly ronched upon the Mexicaz part, and fo much of the Northern
Tract as is under the King of Spaiz his Dominion , leaving more ,particulars., untill T
come to ſhew the order of my beinginand journeying through ſome of theſe Coun-
8: tries. I will now likewiſe give youa glimpſe of the Southern Tra&; and Pernay part

 

dit of America. Which containeth chiefly five great Countries or Kingdoms,fome in whole,
Iy- and others in part, ſubje& ro the Crown of Spazzand Porragal, which are, firit Caſtella
wſe aurea ; ſecondly, Gzjana ; thirdly, Pern ; fourthly, Brafs ; fifthly, Chilte. -Burt I will
FR not fill my Hiftory with what others have writren of the four laſt named Countries ,
H whereinT was not much ; but what I could learn of Per#, I will briefly ſpeak, and
" ſo cometo the firft Caſftel/a avrea, through which I travailed. Pery is held to be yet more
M richa Countrey then is Hexico; for although it hath not the conveniency of trafique

by the North Sea, which 2exico hath, but doth ſend the Commodities in it t© Payarma,
and from thence tranſports them either over the ftraight 1fmms, or by the River Chi-
agree to Portabel upon the North Sea ; yet the Countrey is far richer then Mexico, by
reaſon of the more abundance' of Mines of filver which arein it. The mountaines na=
med Porofi are thought to be of no other metall, which the King of Spajiy will not
have to be opened unrill they have exhanſted thoſe which are already diſcoveredanddig-
ged, and have found the Spariards work enough , and yeelded them treaſure enough
ever fnce they firft conquered thoſe parts. The oil is very fruitfull of all ſfuch fruits
as are foundin Spain. The Olives are bigger then thoſe of Spazy , the oile ſweerer and
clearer. The Grapes yeeld alſoa wine far ftronger then any of Spaiy, and there is
much made, by reaſon it cannot conveniently be brought from Spaiz. - There is like-

here
-
the
er

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ſih}i! wiſe wheat in great ftore; and all this fruitfull ſoile lyeth low under high Mountaines
:d which divide betwixt 1n45ans not as yet conquered and B-afile., But thoſe Mountaines
. area great help unto thoſe pleaſant Valleys with the waters that fall from them:
b for in all thoſe parts inhabited by the Spayiards towards the South Sea, it is molt certain
- and moit obſervable that it-never raineth , inſo much that the houſes are uncovered

C on the tops,and only mats laid over them to keep off the duft, and yet is this Coun-
trey what with the waters that fall from the Mountains ,” what with. the morning and
evening dewes, as fruirfull and plentifull as'any Country in the World:  The chief
City is called Lima, where there ts a Viceroy and a Court of Chancery , andan Arch-
biſkop. Ir hath a Port ſome two miles fromit named Callaz; where lie theſhips thar
convey yearly the treaſure of that Kingdome to Payama. There lie alſo otlter ſhips,
: which trafique to the- Faff-Ivdia's, and to allthe Coaſts of Gaatemala,and to Acg-
" pulco the Sourhern Haven of Mexico. ThePort of Callan is not ſoftrong as the grear,
7 nay ineſtimable wealth that is commonly-in-it and in the City of Zima ſhould re-
quire, forI have heard many Spaniards fay, that in the year 1620. a, few ſhips of Hot-
landers (as ſome fay) or of Englihh ( as others affirme) appeared before rheHa-
ven waiting for the ſhips that were to convey the Kings revenewsto Panama, andhears
ing that they were departed (though by a falſe report) followed them,, and ſo for-
ſooke the artempting to takerhe Callan; which eertainly had they manly attempred,
they had taken it , and in itthe greatelt treaſure that in any one part of the world
could have been found. . But the Spaniards ſeldome ſee thereabout ” forain ſhips

and fo live more careleſly in ſecuring or firengrhoing that Coaſt, Though Prſſ-mhb_'ej.
H 2 thus

 

 
 

fflffi HIUe) ofſſ\yſieſt-!naiesſi: -

thus rich in fruits and Mines, yet Chille far exceedeth it in gold ; which edgerh the Spani-
ardstoa conltant and continuall war with the Inhabitants, which are a ftrong, warlike ,
and moft valiant people. They are grown as skilfull in the uſe of weapons, ſwords, piltols,
and muskets as the Spaniards,and have taken many Spaniards, men and women, priſoners ;
and of the Spazi/h women have had ſo many children, called 2Yeſizocs, that by them
(who have proved moſt valiant) they have much encreaſed both their ſtrength and skill,
They hold the Spariards bard ro it, and the-War is become the moit dangerous of any
the Spanrardshave; infomuch that the Counceil of Spazz doth pick out from Flangders
and Traly,the beſt ſouldiers to ſend them thither.And a Caprtain thar harh ſerved long,wel
and faithfully in Flanders, by way of credit and promotion is ſent to the Wars of Chille,
to fight for that great treaſure of gold, which certainlyis there. The Spariards baveinit
three fair Cities ; the Coxception (which is a Biſhops Seat) and Saxtjago,and Yaldivia. This
laſt ſo named from one Yald;ia, who was Governour of it, and the tirit cauſe and author
ofthoſe Wars.
This man was ſo extraordinarily covetous of the gold of that Country, that he would
not let the 1-d:ans poſleſle orinjoy any of it themfelves, but did vex them, whip, and
beat, yea and kill ſome of them, becauſe they brought him not enough, and imployed
them dayly in ſeeking it our for him, charging them with a tax and impoſition of fo much
aday : which the 1-dians not being able to performe, nor to fatisfie an unſatisfiable
minde and greedy covetouſneſſe, reſolved to rebell, but ſo that firſt they would fill and
fatisfie his heart with gold ſo that he ſhould never more covet after that yellow and
glittering metall. Wherefore they joyned and combined themſelves together ina warlike
polture, and rook ſome quantity of gold and melted it, and with it reſolutely came upon
Yaldiviathe Goyernour, faying, O Yaldivia we ſee thou haſt a greedy and unfatiable
minde and deſire after our gold ; we have not been able to fatisfie thee with it hitherto
buc now we have deviſeda way to fatiate this thy greedy coyetouſneſle ; here is now
enough, drink thy full ofit ; and with theſe words they took him, and powred the melted
gold down his throat, wherewith he died, never more coveting after that bright. and
ſhining droſſe, and naming with his name and death that City: of Yald;via, and with his
clovezouſneſſe leaving a rebellion which hath continued toa cruell and bloudy War unto
this day. : -
Guianaand Braſile T ſhall omit to-ſpeak of, not having been in any part of them, Braſi/e
is little talked of by the Spaniards, belonging.to the Crown of Portugall, and now part of
it tothe high and mighty States of the Nerherlands,who will better fatisfie by their Hiſto-
ries; and acquaint Exrope with the riches that are init. ?
Ireturn unto the firlt part. mentioned by me in the Southern and Peruan Trat, which
was faid to be Caſtellaaurea, golden Caftile, o called for the abundance of gold that
is foundinit.” This containeth the Northern part of Peraana, and part of the 1thmus,
which runneth between the North and South Sea, - Beſides the gold in.it, yet it is ad-
mirablyſtored with Silver, Spices, Pearls, and medicinall Herbes.  It'is divided into
four Provinces.: The firſt iscalled Caſtella del oro; the ſecond, Nova Andalazia ; the
third Nova Granaaa;; the fourth, Carthagena. Caſtella det orois fituatedin the yery 12h-
-us ,and is not very populous/by: reaſon of the unhealthfulneſſe of the air, and noi-
ſome favour -of the Randing pooles. | The chief places, belonging to the Spaniards,
are firſt Theonimay, Or Nombre de: Dios onthe Baſt ; the ſecond which is ſix leagues from
Nombre de Dios is Portabel, now chiefly inhabited by the Spaniards and Mulattoes, and
Blackmores,and Nombre. de Dios almoſt utterly forlaken : by. reaſon of its unhealrhful-
neſſe. The ſhips which were wont to anchor in Nowbze de.Dios,, and there to take in
the Kings treaſure, whichis yearly brought. from Peru to Panama;;and from thence to
the North Sea, now harbour themſelyes in Porrabe!; which ſignifieth Porto bello, 4
fair and goodly Haven, for ſo indeed it is, and well fortifiedat the entrance with three
Caſtles , which can reach-and. command one another. The third and chief place be-
longing to the Spaniards in Caſtella del oro'is Panama, which is on the weſtſide and
upon.the Souths Sea. This City and Nombre de Dzos were both built. by Didacus de
Niqueſa: And Nombre de Dios was ſo called, becauſe N3queſ# having been crofſed with |
many miſehances a_nd miſfadventures at Sea, when he came.to this place. greatly re- |
Joyced , and. bad his men now goe 0n ſhore in-Nombre de Dios, inthe name_of God, in
the name of God. But as Thave before obſerved,the air being here very unhealthy, the |
King of Spainin the year 1584: commanded the houſes of Nombre de Dios to be %ulied q
own |

 
$a- Fa.

D KB

5 - CD ” S. foac

F. A = -

 

 

A New Sur*ueyſſgf the Weſtlndle—s ſſ

 

down, and to be rebuilrin a more healthy and conyenient place:which was performed by
Peter Arias in Portabel. But being now upon Nombre de Dios,T ſhouldwrong my Country
if T ſhould not ſet out ro the publick view the worth of her people ſhewed upon this place
and to this day talked on and admired by the Spaniards, who do not only remember
Sir FrancisDrake,and teach their children to dread and fear even his name for his atrempts
upon Carthagena andall the Coalt about, and eſpecially upon Nombre de Djos, and from
it marching as far as the great Mountain called St. Pablo rowards Panyma : bur further-
more keep alive amongſt them (andin rhis my Hiſtory it ſhall not die} the name of one
of Sir Francts Drake lus followers and Caprains named 7obn Oxenhans, whoſe artempt on
this. Coaſt was reſolute and wonderfull.

This noble and gallant Gentleman arriving with threeſcore and ten ſouldiers in his
company as reſolute as himſelf; a little above this Town of Newbre de Dios drew a
Jand his ſhip, and covering it with boughes, marched over the land with his Compa-
ny guided by Plackwores, untill he came to a river. Where hecut down wood, made
hima Pinnace, entred the South ſea, went to the Ifland of Vearles , where he lay
ten dayes waiting for a prize, which happily he got (though nor ſo happily after kepr ir)
for from that Tſland he ſet upon two Sp.i/h ſhips, and-finding them unable to fight, he
ſpeedily made them yeeld, and intercepted in them threeſcore thouſand pound weighr
ofgold, and two hundred thouſand pound weight in barres or wedges of ſilver ; and
returned ſafely again to the main land. And though by reaſon of a mutiny made
by his own Company he neither returned to his country nor to his hidden ſhip ; yet
wasit fuch a ftrange adventureas isnot to be forgotten , in that the like was never by
anydoaher attempred, and by the Spaziards is to this day with much admiration re-
corded. :

Much part of this Caftella anrea as yet is not ſubdued by the Spanriards, and ſo doubt-
leſle a great treaſure lieth hid in it for that people and nation whoſe thoughts ſhall a-
ſpire to finde it out. In the year 1637.whenlI chanted to be in Paxama returning home-
wards to my Country, there camethither ſome twenty 7-dians Barbarians by way of
peace to treat with the Preſident of the Chancery concerniug their yeelding up them-
ſelves to the government of the King of Spain. Bur as T was informed afterwards at
Carthagena, nothing was concluded upon, for that the Spaniards dare not-truit choſe
Tndians , whom they have found to have rebelled often againft them for their
hard ufage and carriage towards them. Theſe 1adians which then T faw were very pro-
per; tall and luſty men, and well complexioned; and among rthem one of as red a
hair as any our nation can "ſhew ; they had bobs of gold intheir ears , and ſome of
them little pieces of gold made like a half moon hanging upon their nether lips,
which argues ſtore of that treaſure to be amongſt them. Unto this Country is joy-
nins Neva Andaluzia, which hath on the North ſide Caftella deoro, and on the South
Pern: The beſt Cities in it are Tocoio, now by the Spaniards called St. 4argarers, and
another called S. Eſpi7it#.Nova Granada is fituatedon the South ſide of Carthagena, and
from the abundance and fertility of Granada in Spain it hath taken its 'name. The'chieFf
Towns and Citiesin it areſix. Firſt Tag:ia, which is ſuppoſed to be dire&tly under
the e/£9nator. The ſecond is Tochamum. The third, Popaian, the richeſt of them all.
The fourth, S:a. Fee, or St. Faith, an Archbiſhops ſeat, and a Court of Juſtice and
Chancery, governed like Panama and Guatemala, by a Prefident and fix Judges, and
a Kings Attorney and two high Juſtices of Court ; who have ſix thouſand duckats a
year allowed them out of the Kings treaſure. The fifth City is Palma; and the fixth
Merida. From Carthagenathrough this Country of Granada lieth the rode way to Li-
»4 in Peruallby land. This Country is very ſtrong by reaſon of the ſituarion ofit mnch
amongſt ſtony rocks, which compaſſe and environ it , and through ' which there are
very narrow paſſages. Yet it is full of pleaſant valleys which do yeeld much fruit, Corn
and 144;az Maiz.There are alſo in it ſome Mines of filver, and many golden ſanded rivers,
Carthageia which is the laſt Province of Caftella anrea, hath alſo a very, fruitfull foil,
in the which groiveth a tree, which if any one do touch; he will hardly eſcape a
poyſoning. :

The chief Citiesin it are; firſt Carthagena, which Sir Francys Drake inthe year 1585.
ſurpriſed, and (asthe Spaniards affirme) burned moſt part of it, and beſides ineſtima+
ble ſums of mony, took with him fromthence 230 pieces of Ordinance. Idare fay now

i hath not ſo many ; yet it is reaſonable well fortified ; rhough not ſo ſtrongas PctZ'ſi}'
H 3 ets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

—A New Survey of the Weſt-Indies.— »

© bel. Itisa fair and gallant City and very rich, by reaſon of the pearls which are brought
> toit from Margarita, and the Kings revenues, which from all Nova Granada are lent
chither. .It isa Biſhops ſeat, and hath many rich Churchesand Cloiſters. Ic 1S NOL gover-
ned by a Court of Juftice and Chancery as S:4. Fee is, but only by one Governour. Ic
hath been often moyed ro the Councell of Spazz to have ſome galleys ma_de torun abour
thoſe Seas, and that Carthagerna be the chiet harbour of them. From this City received
England the loſſe of thar little Tfland named Providence by us,and by the Spaniards Sra.Ca-
zalina, which though bur little, might have been of a great,nay greater advantage to our
Kingdom, then any other of our Plantations in America; which the Spaniards wellunder-
ſtood when they ſet all their ſtrength of Carthagenaagainſt it : but Ihope the Lord hath
his time appointed when we ſhall adyantage our ſelves by it again. To this - City of
Carthagena cometh every yearalſo in ſmall Frigots moſt of the Indigo,Cochinil and Sugar
which is made in.the Country of Gzatemala;the Spaniards thinking it fafer to ſbip theſe
their goodsin lictle Frigotsupon the lake of Granadain Nicaragua, and from thence to
ſend them to Carthagenato be ſhipped with the Galeons that come from Portabe! with
the treaſure of Perz, then to ſend them by the ſhips of Hondarus, which have often been a
prey unto.the Hollanders. Theſe frigots were thought bythe Spaniards to come too near
thereach of Providrnce,and therefore it hath been their care and providence to remove
usfrom this reach oftheir frigots, The ſecond great Town of this Country of Carthagena
is Abida, The third Sta. Martha, which isa rich government of Spaniards, and doth
much fear our Eag/:/ and Heollaud ſhips;it is ſeated on the river de Abxids, otherwiſe cal-
ledSt ohyand Rzo di Grand. There is alſo Venezuelaand New Galiz, grear, rich, and
frong Towns. And theſe three laſt regions, Audaluzia Nova, Nova Granade, and Cartha-
geuaare by the Spaniards called Tierra firme, or firme land, for that theyare the ſtrengrh
of Pery from the North, and the baſis of this reverſed Pyramis.

Thus have I broughr thee, Gentle Reader, round about America, and ſhewed thee
the Continent of that biggeſt part of the world ; fromthe which thou mayeſt obſerye
the power and greatneſle of the King of Spain, who bath got-under his Sceprer and
Domuinion ſo many thouſand miles, which were they reckoned up, would be found to
be morethen are about all Exrope.Bur not only is America greatand ſpacious by land,but:
alſo by ſea, glorying inmore and ſome greater Iflands, then any other part of the world.
It would but cauſe tediouſneſle, and ſeem prolixity ©9 number them all up, which is
a work hardand difficulr, for that many as- yet are.not known nor. inhabited , and
whoſe goodneſle and greatneſſe is not diſcovered.; :for the Iſlandscalled Lucaidas are
thought ro be four 'hundred at leaft, Therefore 1 will omit to be over tedious and pro-
lixe, and will but briefly ſpeak of the beſt and chief of them , taking them-in order
from that part of the Continent, Carthagena, where evennow I left thee. But in the
firſt place cals upon my pen the Jewel Ifland called Aargarita, whichis ſituated in the
ſea nighunto Caftellaaurea, and not far diſtant from two other IWlands, named' Cubag-
naand Trimdado. True it is this Iſland of Margaritais by ſome much flighted for want
of corn,, graſſe, trees and water; in ſo much that. it hath been known ſometime
that an inhabitant_ of that Ifland hath willingly changed for a Tun of water a-Tun
of wine. But the great abundance of pretious ſtonesin it maketh amends for the for-
mer wantsand defes; for from them is the name of Margarita impoſed: on that
Iſland. But eſpecally it yeelded ſtore of pearls, thoſe gemmes which the Latine wri-
ters call Uniones, becaule aulli dno reperiuntur endiſcreti.they alwayes are found to grow
in couples. ,. In_this Ifland there are many rich Merchants, who have thirty, forty,
lifty Blackware flayes only to fiſh out, of the ſea ahout the rocks theſe pearls. Theſe
Blackwores are much made of by their Maſters, who muſt needs truſt them with 2 trea-
furehiddenin the waters,and in whoſe will it is to paſle by of thoſe they find, none, few,
or many. . They arelet down in baskets into the Sea, and fo long .continue under
the water, untill by pulling the rope by which they are ler down, they make their fign to
be taken up.T have heard ſome fay that have thus dealt in pearls;that the chief mear they
teed their Blackmores with,is roaft meat,which maketh them keep their wind and breath
longer inthe water. From Margarita areall the Pearls ſent to be refined andbored to
Carthagena, whereis a fair and goodly fireet ofno other ſhops chen of theſe Pearl-
dreſſers. . Commonly in the month of 7»ly thereis @ ſhip ortwoat mokt ready in that
Ifictgnd to carry the Kings revenue, and the Merchants pearls to Carthageua.One of theſe
thips are valued. commonly at threeſcore thouſand,, or fourſcore. thouland duckats,

an

 

R N N eIN Z.

 
 

A New Survey of the Welſt-Indies,

and ſometimes more; and thereforeare reaſonable well manned 3 for that the Spaxiards
much fear our'E-g// and the Hollapd ſhips. The year thatT wasin Carthagena,which
was 1637. a ſhip of thele laden with pearls was chaſed by one of our ſhip}_> from the
iland of Provigeace (by ſome it was: thought to be our ſhip calledthe Neprane) which

afcer a little fighting had almoſt brought the poor. $ pamard to yeeld hs pearls,and had

certainly carried away. that great treaſure (as I wasinformed in Carthagena four dayes

after the fight by a Spaziard who was in the ſhip.of Margarits) had not two other ſhi ps

of Hollazd come between to challenge from our Zng/iſh man thas prize, alleadging their

priviledge from the mighty Stares, united forall prizes upon thoſe ſeas and- coakt. And

whileſt our Eng1i/h and Hollander did thus firive for the Pearls, the Spaniſh ſhip ran on

ſhoreupon a litrle Ifland, and ſpeedily unladed and hid in the woods part of the trea-

ſaxes, and perceiving the Hol/ayder coming eagerly'in purſuit of it, the Spaniard fet on

fire the ſhip, and neither Spaniard, Enuglih, nor Hollander,enjoyed what might have been

agreatand rich prizeto Eag/and. From Carthagena was fent prefently a man of War to

bring home the pearls hid in the wood, which were not the third part of what was in
the ſhip.

7amaica is another Ifland under the power of the Spaniards, which is in lensth 280.
miles, and-70.in breadth, which though it exceed HMargarita 1n fweet and pleaſanr
fireames and fountains of water, yet.is far inferiour to.it in riches © Some Hides, fome
Sugar, and ſome Tobacco are the chief commodities from'thence. - There are only,
two Towns of note init, Orifkanaand Sevilla; here are built fſhips which have pro-
ved as wellat Sea, as thoſe that are made in Spain: - ThisIfland was-once very-populous,
and now is almoſt deſtirute of {adiays.; for the Spaniards have flaininit more the 60000;
in ſo much that women as well here as 0n the Continent did kill their chitdren before
they had given them life, that the iſſues of their bodies mighr nor ſerve {6 cruell a nation.
But far beyond the two former is the Ifland of Czba, which is three hundred miles loag,
and ſeventy broad, which was firſt made known to. Exrope by Columbus his ſecond navi}
Sarion. This Iſland is full of Forreſts, Lakes,and mountains. The air is very temperate,the
Joil very fertill, producing braſſe of exa& perfe&tion, and ſome gold though droffic hath
formerly been found init. Teaboundeth alſo with Ginger, Caſhia, Maſtick, Aloes; ſome
Cinnamon, Cana fiſtula, Zarzaparilſa, and Sugar, and. hath of fleſh; fiſh, and fowles
Sreat plenty ; bur eſpecially ſuch ftore of ſea Tortois, and Hogs; that the ſhipsat their
returne to Spaiy make  their chief proyiſion ' of them.  My ſelf chanced-/to take
phyſick there, and whereasI thought that dayT ſhould havea fowle or rabbet after my
phyſicks working, they broughe me a boyled piece of freſh young Porke, which when T
refuſed to eat, they aflured me it wasthe beſt diſh the DoRors diduſe to preſcribeupon
ſach dayes.

The Zlflef Cities ofthis Hand are $4xjago on the Northern ſhore, built by Zames
de Valaſce,a Biſhops ſeatzand ſecondly, Havana, which isalfo on the Northern ſhore, and
isa faferode for ſhips, and the ftaple of merehandize; and ( asthe Spaniards call it )
the key ofall rhe ze/-12954's, t9 lock up orunlock the door or entrance to all Ame..
7ica. Hererideth rhe King of Spaiys Navy, and here meet all the Merchant ſhips from
ſeverall ports and Havens ofall thoſe Countries aforenamed; whether from the Iflands;
or from the Continent ; in a word here commonly in the month'of Sempremberis joyned
all che treaſureas L may fay of America, all the Kingof Spaizs revenews, with as much
more of Merchant goods, whith the year that I was there were thought to be in all the
worth of thirty millions. And the thips which that year there did meer to ftrengrhen
one another were 53. fail,, and ſet out fooner that year thenany other, upon the 16.
of Seprember, baving thar day a fair-wind ro waft them homewards through the Gulf
of Babama. Havgna therfore being the ſtore-houſe of all Americaes treaſure, it hath
been the Spaniards Sreat care to fortifie that ; andruly it is ſo ſtrong, that the Spaxi-
ards hold it impoſſibleto be taken, and do boaſt of four impregnable forts, to wit at
Antwerp, Millan, Pawplona, and Havana. This hath two ttrong Caftles , the one at
the point or entrance of the Haven toward the Sea ; the other more within, 0n the 0
ther ſide almoſt over againſt it; which two Caſtles (the paſſage in the mouth of the ha-
ven being ſo narxow; that one only ſhip'in breaſt mayenter) will keep and defend the
Port from many hundred fail, 1 was my ſelfein the great and chief Caftle, and truly.
tound it very ftrong, though by land F judgedit might he as eaſily taken, as gther ſirong
Caſtles here in Exrops have been ovepowered by a great and powerfull Army, Tr hath ii:;ct

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

& A NewSuruvg of the Weſt-Indies. -

ir beſides many others, twelve pieces of Ordinance of braſſe exceeding great, which they
call,The twelve Apoſtles. But for all this itrength ofthe Havara, it could not once de-
fend fix or feven millions ( accordingto the Spaniards own account ) which the one

art of the Kings Navy brought from St. Tohn de Vlhaa to the ſight of this impregna-
ble fort, and protected with fuch twelve Apoſtles. Tt was as I take it the year 1629.
when that ever renowned Hollander (whom like unto our Drake the Spaniards to this
day fearand tremble ar, calling him Pie de Palo, thar is, wooden leg ) waited at the
Cape of St. Azthony for the Spaniſh fleet of Nova Hiſpania ; which according to his ex-

ectation coming, he manly ſeruponir, faluting and welcoming the great treaſure in ir
with a full ſide of roaring Ordinance ; the found was more dolefull then joyfull and
welcome to the Spaniards, who thought it fafer ſleeping in a whole skin, thento be
unquieted by fighting, and with the fight of torn and mangled bodies, by Xars his
furions and fiery bals, and fo calleda Councell of War to reſolve whar they ſhould
do to fave the Kings great treaſure which wasintruſted to them in thoſe ſhips. The
reſulr of the Councell was to flie and with ſome diſchargins of their Ordinance to de-
fend themſelves , untill they could put into a river inthe Ifland of C-ba, not far from
Havana called Matanzos. There were in that fleet of Spain many gallants and Gen-
tlemen, and two Judges of the Chancery of Azxico, which were that year ſent to
HMadrid as guilty in the mutiny hefore mentioned, therewas in it of my acquaintance
a Dominican Fryer, named Fryer Fac:atho de Hozes, who had been ſent to thoſe parts to
viſit all the Dominican Cloiſters of New $Spain, and had got of bribes at leatt eight
thouſand duckats (as I was informed the year atter by a Fryer his companion, whom he
ſent from Havanato Garatemala to make knownto: his friends his lofſſe of all that he
bad got,-andto beg a new contribution'to help him home) there was alſo in that fleet
Don Martin de Carillo, who was the Inquifitor and Commiſlioner to judge the Delin-
quents in the fore-mentioned mutiny ot ex:co, who was thought to have got twen=
ty thoufand duckats cleer; befides theſe a Biſhop, and many rich Merchants, all under
the command of Dor 74an de Guzman y Torres Admirall to all the fleet. They all
fled for their livesand goods ; bur:the gallant Holanders chaſed them. The Spaniards
thinking-the Holaders would not ventureup the tiver after them, put into Matanzos ;
but ſoon after they+had entred, they found the river too ſhallow for their heavy and
great bellied Galeons,and fb run them upon ground; which done, the better and richer
forteſcapedro land , endevouring to eſcape with what wealth they could; ſome got
out Cabinets, ſomebags ; which the Hol/anders perceiving came upon them with bul-
let meſſengers, which ſoon overtook and ſtopt their flying treaſures. Some few Cabinets
were hid.all the reſt became rhar day the gallant P;ede Palo or the wooden leg Captains
prize for the mighty States of Holaud. The Fryer Hozes was got into a boat with his Ca=
binet under his habit, which had in it nothing but chains of gold, diamonds, pearls and
pretious ſtones;and halfa dozen Hollanders leapt into the boat after him, and ſnatched it
from him, as his own friend and companion related after to us in Guatemala. Don Jnan de
Gazmany Torresthe Admirall whenhe came to Spaiz was.impriſoned, loſt his wits for a
while, and after was beheaded. Thus in the ſight ofimpregnable Havanaand of thoſe 12
brazen Apoſtles, was Holland glorious and made rich witha ſeven million prize.

But beforeLend this Chapter, Imay not forget the chiefeſt' of all the Iflands of this
new world, which is called Hifþan591aand formerly by the natives Hatie, which lamenteth
the lofſe of at leaſt three'millions of 754;4ns murthered by her new Maſters of Spaix. This
Ifland is the biggeſt that as yer is diſcovered inall the worldzit isin compaſſe about 1500.
miles anq enjoyneth a temperate aire, a fertill ſoil,rich mines; and trades much in Ambar;
Sugar, Ginger, Hides, and Wax. It is reported for certain rhat there in twenty days
herbes will ripenand roots alſoand be fit to be eaten, whichisa ſtrong argument of the
exadt temperature ofthe air, It yeeldeth in nothing to Cxba, but excelleth in three
things eſpecially ; firſt inthe fineneſſe of the gold, which is here more pure andunmix-
ed ; ſecondly, in the increaſe of the Sugar, one Sugar Cane here filling twenty and ſome-
times thirty_meaſures ; and thirdly, inthe goodnefſe of the ſoil for tillage, the corn
here yeelding an hundred fold. This fertility is thought to be cauſed by four great rivers,
which water andenrich all the four quarters of 'the Ifland ; all fonur do ſpring from
one only mountain, * which tandeuh in the very midft and center of the Countrey,
7wna running to the Eaſt, Artibinnacus o the Welt, tacchus to the North, and Naihn |
to the South, - |

This |

R — D ———————
A

 
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5 C C C eAn ONITIES m Mn: Bn HR N

'A New Survey of the W -ſt-Indies. -

 

 

This Country is ſo repleniſhed with Swine and Cattell, that they become wild among
the Woods and Mountains, fo that the ſhips that fail by this HHland, and want prſſ0v1ſi0n
$0 herea ſhorewhere itis little inhabired,and kill of Cartell, wild fivine and bores cill
they have made up a plentifull proviſion. Much of this Countrey is not inhabited byſſrea-—
ſon thar the 7:d;ans aae quite confumed. The chief places in itarefirit St.Daminſſ;ſiwher&
there is a Spaniſh Preſident and Chancery with ſix Judges and the other officers bſſslonging
toit, and itis the Sear ofan Archbiſhop, who though he enjoy not ſo much yearly renc
and revenuesas other Archbiſhops, eſpecially they of 2exzco and Limaz yet he hathan
honour above all the reſt, for thar heis the primare ofall the 7adz's, this, Iſland having
been conquered before the other parts,and fo bearing antiquity above them all, Thereare
alſo other rich Towns of trading, as Sta, 1/abella, S. Thome, S. fohn, Maragna,and Porto,
And thus hath my pen run over Sea and Land, Hlands and molt of the Continent rhat is
ſubjec to the Spaniards,to ſhew thee, my Reader, the ftate of America: at this time,
Ic is called America becauſe Americus Veſpuſins firit diſcovered it ; though afterwards
Celumbus gave us the firit light to diſcerntheſe Countries both by example and direci-
ons. Belides the fa&tions Ipoken of before between the Native Spaniards and thoſe
that come from Spazy, there is yer further- in, moſt parts of it, but eſpeciall in Perw, a
deadly fation and mortall harted between the Ziſcaizs and the Spaniards of Caſtile and
Eftremadura, which hath much ſhaken the quiet ſtate of it, and threatned it with rebelli-
on and deſtruction. : ; 4

There arein all America four Archbiſhopricks, which are Sro. Domingd, Mexico, Lima
and S:a. Fee, andabove thitty inferiour Biſhops. The politick Adminiſtration of Juſtice
is chiefly committed to the two Viceroyes reſiding at Lizaand 2exico, and with ſubor-
dinationunto rhem unto other Preſidenrs, Governours,and high Juſtices, called Alcaldes
AMajores; exceptit be the Prefident of Guatemala, and of Santo Domingo, who are as
abſolute in power as the Viceroyes, and have under them Goyernours,and high Juſtices
and are no wayes ſubordinate to the former Yiceroyes, but only unto the Court and
Councell of Spazn: :

 

Ca4a?, XII'I.

Shewing my joiirney from Mexico to Chiapa Southward, and the moſt remirkible
places in the way, :

HAving now gone round America with a-briefand ſuperficiall deſcription of it,my.de>
ſireisto ſhew unto my Reader-whar, parts of it Itravelled through,and did abide in,
obſerving more particularly the ſtate,condicion,ſtrength,and commodiries of thoſeCoun-
tries which-lie Southward  from Zexico.It isfurther mydefire, nay.thechief, ground: of
this my Hiſtory,that whileſt my Country dorh here obſerye.an,E»g/i/s man,become ez
ricancravailing many thouſand miles there, as may be noted from St.. Zohn de Vihua to
Mexice;and from thence Squthward to' Pavama, and from thence Northward again to
Carthagena,and t Havana,Gods goodneſſe may be admired, and his providence extolled
who ſuffered not the meaneſt and unworthieſt of all his Creatures to periſh in ſuch_un-
knoyn Countries;to,be-fivallowed by North and South ſea,where ſhipwracks were often
feared ; to be loit in Wilderneſſes where notongue could give diretions ; tobe devoured
by Wolves, Lions, Tigers or Crocodiles,which there ſo much abound ;'to fall from ſteepy
rocks and mountains;which ſeem to dwell in the aereall Region;and threaten with fearfull
ſpectacles of deep and. profound precipices, a horridand inevitable death ro thoſe.that.
climbe up to them ; to be eaten up by the greedy Earth which there doth, often quake
and tremble, and hath ſometimes opened her mouth to, draw_in Towns and Cities ; to
be ftricken with thoſe fiery darts of Heavenand thunderbolts which inwinter. ſeaſon,
threaten.the Rocks and Cedars; to-be_inchanted by Satans Inftruments, Witches,
and Sorcerers, who there as on their own ground play their prankes more then in the
parts of Chriſtendomez 70 be quite blinded with Roms/z Errors and Superſtitions, which

have double blinded the purblind heatheniſh Tdolaters ; ro be wedded' ro the pleaſuresd
and

N  ———  omnregs PRIFen D _

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

" and licentiouſneſſe ; which do there allure; to be glutted with the plenty and dain-
ries of fiſh, fleſh, fowles, and fruits , which do there entice; to be .puffed up with
the ſpirit. of pride and powerfull command and authority over the poor: 1ndians, which
doth there provoke ; to be tied with the Cords of vanity and ambition, which there
are ſtrong};and finally to be glewedin heart, and affeQtion to the droſle of gold, filver,
Pearls, and Jewels,whoſe plenty there both bind, blind, captivate and enſlave the foul.
Oh 1 fay, let the Lords great goodnefſe and wonderfull providence be obſerved who
ſuffered nor an Eg/i/ſh ftranger inall theſe dangers to miſcarry, but was a guide unto
him there in all his travailes, diſcovered unto him as to theeſpies in Canzan, and as
ro 7oſeph in Egypt the provifion, wealth and riches of that world, and fafely guided
him backro relate to England,, the truth ofwhat no other Eg/;ſp eye didever yet be-
hold. From the moneth of OFober untill Febraary I did abide with my friends, and
companions the Fryers under command of Fryer Calve in that houſe of recreation
called St. Facintho, and from thence injoyed the fight of all the Townes and of what
elſe was worth the ſeeing about 2Zexico. But the time I was there, I was carefult to
informe my ſelf of the ftate of Ph:/;ppinas , whither my firſt purpoſes had drawn me
from Spain. It was my fortune to light upon a Fryer andan acquainrance of ſome of
my friends, who was that year newly come from 1anila whither Iwas going ; who
wiſhed me and ſome other of my friends as we tendred our fouls and good never to go
to thoſe, parts, which were but ſnares andtrap-dores to let down to helj, where occa-
fions and temprationsto ſin were daily, many in number, mighty in frength, and
to get out of them, /abor & 9ps, hard and difficult, Andrhat himſelf, had not he by
ſtealth gorten away (and that to fave his ſoul) certainly he had never come from thence ;
who had often upon his knees begged leave of his ſupetiouts to return to Spain, and
could not obrain it. Many particulars we” could not get from him , nor the rea-
ſons of hiscoming away ; Only he would often fay, that the Fryers that live there
are devils in private andin thoſe retired places where they live ariong the Indians to
inſtru& and teach them ; and yet in publick before their ſuperiours and the reſt of Fry=
ers they mnſt appear Saints, they muſt put on thecloak of hypocriſie to cover their
inward deviliſhneſſe,. they muſt be cloathed with ſheeps skins though within they be {
Lupi rapaces, ravenous Wolves, ravening after their neighbours Wives,and ravening af-
ter their neighbours wealth; and yer withall this unpreparedneſſe , with this out-
ward, ſeeming and frothy ſandtity ; and itiward;helliſhnefſe and deep rooted world-
linefſe and coyetouſneſſe, when the Superiours command and pleaſe to ſend them, they
mufſt go in adiſguifed manner to- ?apan.0r: China to convert to Chrifſtianity thoſe peo-
ple though with perill and danger of their lives. Many fuch like diſcourſes we got
out of this Fryer ; and that if we went to live there, wemuſtbe ſubje& to the penal-
ties of many Excommunications for triviall toyes and trifles, which the Superiours
do lay -.upon the Conſciences of theit poor” Sabjeds, who may afſooni ftrive againſt
the common courſe 'of naturenot to ſee with theireyes, nor hear with their eares ,nor
ſpeak with their tongues, as t6-obſerve all thoſe things which againſt ſenſe, reaſon
and nature with grievous cenſiresand Excomtiinnications are- charged and faſtened np-
on them. He told us furcher offome Fryers that had deſpaired under thoſe rigorous |
courſes, and hanged thetniſelves|"not beitg able to bear the burden ofan aflited and
tormented Conſcience ; and of others that ha&been hanged , ſome for murthering of
their rigid and”crvlell Stperiours; and ſomne'that had 'been found in the morning
hanging with'their queanes at the Cloiſter Sates, having been found together in the
night, andfo'murthered and hanged up either by 'the true Husband, or by ſome 0-
ther who bare affe&ion to to 'rthe woman. Theſe things ſeemedtous very ftrange,and
we perceved that all was not $61d that gliftered., nor truc zeal of ſouls that carried
$ 'many from, Spaiz to thoſe parts ; or ifin ſome there were at firſt a better and truer
zeal then in others, when they 'came to Philippinns , and among-thoſe ftrong tempta=
rations , we found that their zeal was foon quenched. This reaſon moved me and
tlifee more of my friendstotelent in our purpoſes of leaving of America, and going
any further, 'for we had learned that maxitne, ; amar pericutum, perivit inilloy and,
9n tangir pictm, inquinabitur ab ea; He that loveth'the danger, ſhallfall and periſh in ir;
and he that Toucheth pitch ſhall be ſineared by it- "Wherefore we commined \
privately with'our ſfelves, what: courſe we mght rake, how wemight thar year return

back to 'Spaiy, or where we might abide, if we retutned 'not to Spain. - For we
knew

 
A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies;

knew, if our Superiour Ca/voſhould underftand of our -purpoles ro go no further, ke
would layupon usan Excommunicarion to follow him,nay and that he would fecure n
ina Cloiſter-priſon untill the day and time of our departure from' Mexico. Our re-
ſolutions we made a ſecrerof-our hearts; yer could not T but 1Mpart it to one more
ſpeciall and intimate friend of mine , who was an 1-;/h,Fryer, named Thimas de Iocy ;
whom Tperceived a little troubled with fo longa journey as was at hand, and found
ofren wiſhing he had never-come from Spain; and as Toon as I had acquainted him
with what I meant to do , he rejoyced and' promiſed to ftay with me. The time
was ſhort which we had to diſpoſe of our ſelves; but 'in that time we addrefſed our
ſelves to ſome Zexican Fryers-and made known unto them, that if bur Supertour
Calvo would give us leave; wewould willingly ftay at 2exicoor in any Cloiſter there.
abouts, untill. we could better fir our ſelvesroreturn to Spajz again. Bur they be-
ing natives and'born in that Country diſcovered preſently unto us that invererare
ſpight and hatred\whici they bare to fuch as came From Spazn ; they told us plainly
that they andtrue Spaxiards born did never agree, and that chey knew their Superiors
would be unwilling to admit of us; yet furthermore they informed us. thar they
thought we might be entertained in the Province of Guaxaca,where halfthe Fryers were
of Spain and half Crioliansand Natives; butin caſe we ſhould not ſpeed rhere, they
would warrant ns we ſhould be welcome to the Province of Guatemala, where almoſt atl
the Fryers were of Spazz,and'did keep under fuch as were Nativesborn in that Country:
It did a little trouble us to confider that Gaatemala was three hundred leagues off, and
that we were ignorant of the Mexican tongue, and unprovided of money and horſes for
ſo longa journey. But yet we conſidered Philippinas to be further, and rio hopes there of
returning ever again to Chriftendome'; wheretore we reſolved to rely upon Gods provi-
dence only, and toventure upon a three hundred leagues journey with what fmall means
we had,andto fell what Books and fmall trifles we had,to make as much money as might
buy each of usa horſe. Bur while we werethus preparing our ſelves ſecretly for Guare-
mala we wereaffrighted and diſhearnted with what in the like caſe tro ours happened!
A Fryer of our company named Fryer Perer Boryallo, withour acquainting us or any 0-
ther of his friends with what he' intended, made a ſecret eſcape from us, and' (as afrer we
were informed) rook his way alone to Guatemala. This fo incenſed our Superiour Calus,
that after great ſearch and enquiry after him, he berook himſelf to the Viceroy begging
his aſliſtance and Proclamation, inthe publick Market place, for the better findins out
his loſt ſheep, and alledging thar none ought to hide or privily to harbour any Fryer
that had been ſent from Spain to Philippinas to preach there the Goſj pel, for thar the fore-
faid Fryers were ſent by the King of Spain whoſe bread they had eat, and at whoſe
charges they had been bronght from Spain to Hexico, ard at the fame Kings charges
ought to be cartied from Aexicoto Philippinas ; and therefore if any Fryer now in the
halfe way ſhould recant ofhis purpoſe of going to Philippinas, and ſhould by flight eſcape
from his Superiour and the reſt of his company, the ſame ought fo be puniſhed as guilty of
defrauding the Kings charges. Thisreaſon of Ca/vo being a politick and State reaſon pre-
vailed fo far with the Viceroy, that immediately he commanded a Proclamation to be
made againſt whoſoever ſhould know of the faid Perer Borrallo and ſhould not produce
him to his Highneſſe, or ſhould harbour him or any other Fryer belonging to Philippinas
from thar time forward untill the ſhips were departed from Acapulco; and that whoſo-
ever ſhould rreſpaſſe againſ this Proclamation, ſhould ſuffer impriſonment ar his High-
nefſe his will and pleafure, and the penalty of five hundred duckats to be paid in at the
Kings Exchequer. With this Proclamation Ca/vo began toinſult over us,and to tell us, we
were the Kings flaves under his conduct, and that ifany of us durſt ro leave him ( for he
was jealousof moſt of us) he doubred nor but with the Viceroy his affiftance and Pro.
clamation he ſhould find borh us and Pere# Boallo out to our further ſhame and con-
fuſton. This did very much trouble us, and made my 1-i/p friend - Thowas de Leon his
heart to faint, and his courage to relent; and utterly to renounce before me his former
purpoſe of ſtaying and hiding himſelf; yert he proteſted to me, if I was ftill of the
fame minde, he would not diſcover me ; but ſeeing his weaknefſe, I durſt not trift him,,
but made asif T were ofhis minde: Thus I betook my ſelf to the other three of my
friends ( of whom one-was Antonio Melendezthar had been the firſt cauſe of my_ coming
from Spain) whom I found much troubled, doubrfull and wavering what courſe to

take. S
They

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

TN el

 

E They confidered if we ſhould flie, what a ſhame it would be to us_ ro: be caken and
broughr back to Mexico as priſoners, and forcedly againft our wills to be ſhipped to Phi-
Iippinas , they conſidered further if they went,whar a ſlaviſh _and uncomfortable life they
ſhould livein Philippinas, without any hopes ofeyer returning again to,Chriſtendom ;
yet further they looked upon the: Viceroy his Proclamation , and-rhought it hard. ro
break though the oppoſition and authority of ſo greata man; and laſtly inthe Pro-
clamation they beheld rhe eſtimarion that Calve had of them, as of flaves and tugi-
tiyes to be cryed ina publick Market place. Burt after alltheſe ſerious thoughrs.our
only comfort was that Perer Borallo was fafely eſcaped , and (as we were informed) had
been met farre from 4Zex:cotravailing alone towards Guatemala. And we thought,why
might not we eſcape aswellas he? Then Ttold them that my reſojution was rotay ;
though alone Ireturned either to Spazy ,or took my journey to Gratemala;the reſt were
glad to ſee mereſolute,and gave their handsthat they would venture as mnch as I ſhould.
Then we ſet uponthe time when we ſhould take our flight , and agreed that every one
ſhould havea Horſein readineſſe in 2Zexico, and thar the night before thereſt-of our
company ſhould depart from Mexico. towards Acapalce to: take ſhipping;we ſhould by
twoand two intheevening leave St Facintho,and meet in Mexico where our Horſes ſtood;
and from thence ſet out andtravaile all that nighr, continuing our journey o the firit
two or three nightsand reſting inthe day time, untill we were ſome twenty-or thirty
leagues from exico. For we thought the next morning Calvoawakingand- miſſing us
would not ſtop the journey of the reſt ofhis company for our fakes, to ſeatch and .ins
quireafter us ; .or if he did, it would be but for oneday or two at the moſt,-riil he had
inquired for us.in exzco,or a dayes journey.in ſome of the common'or beaten rodes of
Mexico, where we would be ſure he ſhould not hear ofus; for we alſo agreed to travail
out ofany. commonoor known rode for the firſt two or three nights. This reſolution was
by us as well performedand carried on,asit had beenagreed upon, though ſome had been
fearfull that a counſell betwixt four could never be keptſecrer, norſucha long journey
as of nine hundred miles becompaſſed with fuch fmall means of money as was amongſt
us, for the maintenance of ourſelves and Horſes ; for after.our Horſes were bought, we
madea common purſe,and appointed one to be the purſe-bearer, and found that amongſt ;
us all there were but twenty duckats, whichin thar richand plentifull country was not
much more then here twenty Zg/;/h ſhillings, which ſeemedto us but as a morning dew;
which would ſoon be ſpent in provender'only for our Horſes'; yet we'refolved to go on,
relyin% more upon the providence of God, thenupon any'earthly means; and indeed this
proved to usa far better ſupporr then all the drofſe of gold and ſilver could have done ;
and we reckoned that after we had trayailed forty leagues from Mexico, and entred

withour fear into the rode, we had for our twenty duckats neer forty now in our com-
mon purſe. Thereaſon was, for that moſt commonly we went either to Fryers Cloiſters
who knew us not, or to rich farmes of Spaxiards who thought nothing too good for us,
and would not only entertain us ſtately ,, bur at our departure would give us money
for one or two dayes journey., All our fear was to get ſafely out of 2exico, for we
had been informedrhat Calvohad obtained from the Viceroy officers to watch in the
chiefeſt rodes both day and night untill he had departed with his Train of Fryers to f

 

 

Acapulco.
And for all the Viceroy his Proclamationwe gota true and truſtie friend, who offe-
red to guide us out of Mexico by ſuch a way as we needed not to fear any would watch
for us. So with our friend anda map about us to guide us after he had left-us in the mor-
ning, we cheerfully ſer out of Hexicoabout ten of the clock at night, about the middle
of February , and meeting no body about Guadalupe which was the way we went out.
( though the contrary way to Gzatemala, which on purpoſe we followed for fear the
true way ſhould be beſet) we comfortably travailed all that night, till in the morning we
came. toa little Town of 7,d;ans, where we began to ſpend of our {mall tock, calling up-
on the 1ndians for a Turkey and Capon to break our faſt with our friend and guide be- \
fore he returned to Mexico. Breaktaſt being ended we took our leaves of him, and went ſ
toreſt, that we might be more able ro pertorme the next ni ghrs journey, which was to
Croſle the Country towards Aliſco, which is in a vally of twenty miles about at |
leaft, and doth giveit the name- of the valley of Ar/;xco, andisa valley much mentioned |
inallthoſe parts, for the exceeding great plenty of whear that is there reaped every year, ſi
andis the chief ſuſtenance and relief of Aexico and all the Townes about. In this
- Valley

 
M m "
” JW-:—_____ D Enrnnngs S. E omn D e—A TDIe

C R — Ces

 

A New Surveyof the W eſt-Indies.

Valley are many rich Towns of Spaniards and Indiuns; but we ſhunned to enterinro
them, and went from farme ro tarme out of the highwayes , where we found good
entertainment of thoſe rich Farmers and Yeometi, who bare ſuch reſpe& uuto the
Priefts ; that rruely they thoughr themſelves happy with our company. Here we be-
gan to ſhake off all fear, and wonld no more like Bats.and Owles flie in the night, but
that we might with more pleaſure enjoy the proſpect of that valley, atid of the reſt of the
Country weravelled by day ; yer ſtill crofting the Conntry, we went from thence to-
wards another valley called the valley of St. Pat/o, or Palrvalley,which though it be not
as big asthe valley of Arliſco,yet is held to be a richer valley;for here they enjoy a double
harveſt of wheat every year.The firit ſeed they ſow iswatered, and growes with the com-
mon ſeaſon rain; and the ſecond feed which they ſow in Summer as ſoon at their
firſt harveſt is in, when theſeaſon ofrain is paſt, they water with iany Springs which
fall into rhat valley from the Mountains which round beſet it, and let inthe water
among their whear at their pleaſure, and take it away whea they fee fit. Here live Yeo.!
men upon nothing but their tarms, who are judged to be worth ſome twency thouſand;
ſome thirty thouſand, ſome forty thouſand duckats. In this yalley we chanced to
light upon one farme where the Yeoman was country-man to iny friend Anronio Melon-
aez, bornein Segovidin Spain, who for his ſake kept us three daies and nights with
him. His table was as well furniſhed as the table of a Knighr might be, bis ſide board fall
of ſilver boules and cups,and platesin ſtead of trenchers ;he ipared nv dainties which
mght welcomeusto his table, no perfumes which might delight usin our chattbers, ns
mulick ( which his daughters were broughr up to) which might with more pleafure hel
to paſſe away the time. To him Anronio Melendez made Khown our joarne towardſi:
Guatemala; and from him we received directions which way to tteer our courfe auntill we
mnight be throughly freed from fear and danger ; here we began to ſee the great provi-
dence of God, who had broughtus being ftrangersto ſuch'd friends houſe; who not
only welcomed us to him, but when we departed gave us a guide for a whole day, and
beſtowed upon us twenty duckats to. help to bear our charges. Fromthis valley we
wheeled about to Taſco, a Town of ſome five hundzed Inhabitanes which enjoyeth
great commerce with the Coutitry about by reaſon of the grear ſtore 6f Cottonioo!
whieh is there. And here we were very well entertained by a Frantiſcan Pryer; who
being of Spaiy made the more ofus, knowing we came froni thence. Herewe g6t in-
zothe Rode of Guaxaca, and went to Chanrla, whith alfo aboundeth with Cottors
wool, but init we found.no entertainfment but what our -0wn-purſes would afford us.
Next tothis place isa great Town called Zampango, which doth confiſt of ar leaſt eight
hundred Inhabitants, many of thetm very rich both 74diaa and  Spayiards. Their
commodities are chiefly Cottori-wooll, afd Sugary and Cochinil.' But beyond this
Town are the Mountains called /z 2ſ;ffet#, which abound wictr many tich and great
Towns, and do trade with the belt ſilkrhat isin altthar Coumry. 'Here isalſ6 great
ftore of Waxand Hony ; and Indians live there who traffique to 2exicoand about the
Country with twenty or thirty mules of their own, chopping and changing, buying
and ſelluig commodities,and ſome of them are thoughtro' be worth ren; x twelve; or
fifteen thouſand duckats, which is tnuch for an- 7adjan to get amoig the Spyyiards, who
thinke all theriches of Americalittle enough for: theinſelves. From theſs Mountains
of 1Miſfteca to Guazaca we faw little obſeryable, onlyiTowns of two of threehundred
inhabirants;, rich Churches, well builr, and bercer futniſhed within with lampes; cans
dleſticks, crownes of filver for the ſeverall ſtatues of Saints; and all the way wedid
obſerve avery fruitfull ſoil for both I4jarand Spaiſs wheat, much Sugdr, much Cot-
tori-wool,Hony, and here and there ſome Cochinil; and of Plantins; and other fiveet
and luſciousfruit great ſtore;but above albgteatabundance of Carrelly whoſe Hides are
one of the greateſt commodities that froni thoſe partsare ſent to Spyiy. Some reported
that about Mtecaformerly much gold had been found; and'the I4dpans wete wont t£&
uſeit much; chough now they willnot be known of any, left the | greedineſſe of  the
Spaniards bring them to miſery and defirucion, as it harh their neighbours 4bout rhert.
Allo it is reported for certainthat there are Mines of filver, though as yet the Spaniavds
have not found them. . :

There are many Mines of Iron which the Spaniards will nor buſie themſelves.in dig/
ging, becauſe they have it cheaper from Spainz from hence we came to'the Gity of
Gnaxaca, Which isa BiſhopsSeat, thoughinor-very bigy ye6 @ feit_and benurifull Giry

: T £@

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l 8 6 - 1}1 j\zgzp Siurfue}; ctctbfi}ſi[ſi,ſſ}ſſſſff\\/ſicſtſi—lndies.

to þchold. It Randerh threeſcore leagues from /lle,_ricoinapleaſapt vally from whence
Cortez,was named arques del Valle,che Mſſſi\rqueſſe_ ofthevalley. This Cacyſſ, asall the reſt
of America,(exceptthe Sea Towns)_lyeth open w1tþout wals,Bulwar}ct\'c:s, Forts, Towers,
orany Caftle, Ordinance or Ammunitionto defend it. * Tt may conlilt of at rhe moſt
two thouſand Inhabitants, and are governed by a Spaniſh high Juſtice called Alcalde
4:jor , whoſe power reacheth overall the Valley, and beyond it as far as N3xapa ,
and almoſt to Tecoantepeque, a Sea Town upon Mar del Zar. The Valley is ofat lealt
fifreen miſes in length, andcen in breadth, where runneth in the midft a goudly Ri-
yer yeelding great ſtore of fiſh.The Valley is full of Sheep and orher Carrell,which yeeld
much Woollto the Clothiers of the City of Axgels, ſtore ofHides to the Merchants of
Spain,and great proviſion of fleſh to the City of Gzaxaca, androall rhe Towns about,
which are exceeding rich, and do maintain many Cloitters of Fryers, and Churches
with ſtately furniture belongins unto - them. Bur whar doth make the Valley of
Gzaxaca to be mentioned far and near , are the g00d horſes which are bred in it, and
eſteeined to be the beſt of all the Country. In this Valley alfo areſome farmes of
Sugar, and great ſtore of fruits, which two ſorts meeting together have cried up the
Ciry of Gzaxaca for the beſt Conſerves and Preſerves that are made in America. In
the Ciry there are ſome {ix Cloiſters .of Nuns and Fryers, all of them exceedins
rich ; but above allis the Cloiſter ofthe Dominican Fryers, whoſe Church treaſure
it worth two' or three millions; and the building of it the faireſt and frrongeſt in all
thoſe parts, the wals are of-ſtone {o broad, thar a part of them being upon finiſhing
when Iwas thereT faw: Garts goe upon them,, with ftone and other materials. Here
are alſo two. Cloiſters'of Nuns, which are talked of far and near, not for their reſigious
pratifes, but for their skill in making two drinks which are uſed in thoſe parts, the
one called » Chocolatte: ( whereof Tſhall ſpeak hereafter ) and the other 4tolle, which
is like Unto our Almord Milk, butmuch thicker, 'and is made of the juyce of the yong
AMaiz0r, Indian wheat, which they-ſo confetion with ſpices, musk, and fugar, that
itis not Only admirable. in the ſweerneſſe of the ſmell, but much more nouriſhing and
comforting_the ftomach. This is.not a_commodity that can be tranſported from
thence, but isto bedrunk there whereit is made. - Bur the other, Chocolatte, is made up
in Boxes,and ſent_not only to 2exico and the parts thereabouts, but much of it is
yearly tranſportedints'Spain.This City of Guaxacais the richer by reaſon of the ſafety
they,.enjoy tor the carriage of their Commodities to and from the port of St. Johy d
Ulhaa by the great River Alvaradowhich runneth not far from it; and although the
Barks come- not to the City of Gnaxaca, yet they come up to the Zaporecas, and to
St. 1ldefonſo, which is:nor. far from Guaxaca: - And the carelefſenefſe of the Spaniards
here'is ro be wondred at;thatallalong thisRiver which runnech up into the heart of
their Gountry, they have built as yet no Caſtles, Towers, or watch-houſes, or planted
any_ Ordinance, truſting only in-this, that great ſhips cannor come'up, as ifFrigots
or ſmaller Barks, ſuchas they themſelves uſe, may not-be made'' ro annoy them. But
of GzaxacaT fhall ſay no more, but-conclude'that itis of ſo' temperate an air , ſo a-
bounding in fruits, and all proviſion requiſite for mans life, ſo commodiouſly ſitua-
ted,between the North.and South Sea, having onthe North ſide'St. Joha de Vhua, and
on-the South'Teroantepeque aſmall-and unfortified harbour, that no- place T ſo much
deſired to live in whileſt I wasin thoſe parts as-in Guaxaca, 'which certainly T had
attempted-as I travailed. byit,;-had'I not underſtood that the Ctiolian: or Native
Fryers were manyand as deadly enemiesuntothoſe that came from 'Spain as were the
Mexcans, Andthis their ſpight and malice they ſhewed whileſt we were there, to
anancient and grave old Fryet. Maſterin Divinity, who living had been for learning

the Oracle of thoſe' parts.  Thisoid man died when'F was there , and becauſe- when:

he lived they could pick no-hole in his'Coat, being dead they ſearched his chamber ,
and-finding in a_Coffer ſome monies which he had not_made known'to his Supe-
riour when living ( which they. would reduce to. a fin agaiuſt his profeſſed pover-
ty ,.called Propriety, and ſubje&to the cenſure of Excommunication) they reported
that he: had died -excommunicated, and might -not enjoy 'their Chriftian buriall in
the Church or Cloiſter, and ſo ignominiouſly buried their old Divine,and with him his
Credit and reputation ina-grave made in one of their Gardens.A thing much"talked on
as ſcandalous. to-all the Ciry and Country,” which they falved with faying he was ex-
communicated ; but the truthyas, he was of Spain, and therefore at his death thelz
. wou

 
 

 

" ANews urve)ſſ' of the W eſt-Indies. Y

 

 

wouldſhew their ſpight unto him. For- certainly theycould not doit for the fin of
Propriety which by hum hadbeen commitrted 4n his life; .and ro them all may be well
faid what our Saviour faid ro the Jews bringing ro him a woman found in adulrery
ro beſtoned,, Whoſoever ofyou is wirhout 1in , let him caft the firit ſtone ; for all
of them, yea eventhe beſt Fryers that live in_America, are fome way or other,mnch or
leſſe guilty of rhe ſin of Propriety which they proteſſe and yow againſt. With
this which we faw with our-eyes, beſides what with our-ears we had theard of dif-
cords and factions amongtt them , we thought Gaaxaca/was no place for us rolive in;
1o afrer three dayes we made haſt out” ofit , and departed rowards'Chiapa, which lyech
three hundred miles from thence. And for ourcomfort/iinour further trayailing wewere
informed in'Gzaxaca, thatin moſt Towns'of theRodethrough thar country;the 1ndians
had an'order from the high Juftice to /give unto Fryers travailing'that way -either
horſe to ride on, or to carry their carriages and /provifion of food- freely withour
mony,if they had none;ſo thar artheir departure they-ſhouldwrite ivdowninthe Town
book what they had ſpent.,, not abiding above four and twenty -houres-in the Town z
which -expences of travailes'the 1-dians afterwardsarthe years end 'of -'their ordinary
Juſtice and Officers were 'to 'give an account of with -carrying their Townbook un-
to.the $Spaniſh Juſtice to whom they belonged , and by ſo-doing theſe expences were al-
lowedofto be diſcharged by the common Town Purſe or Treaſfure; for'the 1which
a common plat of ground was allotred 'to be yearly fowen with wheat or 244zz.
Wicth'this charitablerelief and help 'of the Townes 'wee conceived|better of ithe reſt
of our 'long journey, and 'hoped ro.compaſſe it with:more -eaſe. Ando joytully we
went 0n, -andthe firitplace wherewemade- rriall, ofthis order was at agreat Town
called Arequera , where we'freely called for .our fowles :and what other/proviſion we
faw in the Town, ifedheartily on them , andithe nexr daywhen we wete to pay and
todepart, we called for the Town :book , fubſcribed our hands to what wehad
ſpent our ſelves and horſes; andwent our way, praiſing-the'diſcretion of the Juſtices
of that 'Country, who had ſetled acourſe ſocafte and icomfortable:for us ; eſpecially
awho had 'bur ſhallow-purſes for ourlong journey. Yetwe:foundin ſome ſmall Towns
that the Z:dians were unwilling, and (asthayalleadged) unabletoextendthis)Charity
-tous, being four incompany, and +bringing with'us the chargelikewiſe of four
horſes, which madeusſomerimes make'rhe longer jJourney that we' mighr ireach unto
ſome great and rich Town. The next to Anriquera in>that Rode is Nixapa, which
is ofat theleaſt eight hundredInhabitans;Spaniards and Tndians;ſtanding upon'the fide
ofa River, which we were 'informed was an-arme-of the great River Alvarado. Jn
-this Townis a very rich'Cloifter of 'DominicanFryers,where we were well. entertained ;
andin it-thereis a-piure of our Lady,vwhichſuperftitiouſly:they fancy to have wrought
miracles, and-is madea 'pilgrimage 'from: far and near, and'conſequently 'hath [greac
riches and lampes belongingunto it. Thisis.counted abſolurely one of the wealthi-
eſt places of -all-the Country of Guaxaca; 'for here ismade 'much Indigo, Sugar, Co-
chinil ; and here 'grow many trees of Cacao,and Achjorte, whereof is:made rhe Choce-
latteandisa commodity of tnuch tradinginthoſe parts, though'our #yg1jhand Hollay-
ders makelittle ofit whentheytake a prize of it at Sea; asnotknowing the ſecret virtue
and-quality ofit for thegood of 'the ftomach. 'From hence we went 'to Agnatulco and
Capalita,alſo great Townstanding upon a /plain Country*full of Sheep and 'Cattell, a-
bounding with excellent fraics;efpecially:Pizes and Sandin”s, whichare-a big as Pumpi-
ons,andſo wateriſh that theyeven melt like ſnow in'the-nourh,and eoobthehear which
thereis great,by-reafon itis alowand Marſh kind of -ground, lying near the-South Sea,
The next-chief Townand moſt confiderableafter Capalita is T ecoantequepere';” thisis a Sea
Town upon 2ar del Zur,and aharbour for fmallveſſels, ſuchas Tradefrom'thoſe parts
to Acapalcoand Mexicojandto Realejoand Guatemala, andfometimesto/Panama.Here
upon ſome occaſions Ships' which-come #from Perz'to Acapnlcodo- call in. It'is :aport.
no farther fafe, then that no -Eng/i/h-or 'Holland Ships do 'come thereabouts, which if
they did, they would therefind no rreſiſtance, but from thence wouldfindan openand
eaſie Rode over all che Country. Upon all this South Sea'fide from Acapulco toPana-
21a, which is above two thouſand miles'by land there is 'no 'open harbour , *bur 'this
for Guaxaca , and 'La Trinidad for Guatemala, and Realejo for Nicaragna, and"Gol-
fo de Salinas for ſmall veſſels in 'CoftaRica, and all theſe unprovided of Drdinanceant
Ammunition, all open dores to let inany/Nation that would take'the »pains to furroſſux;d

T=2; the

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

" A New Survey of the Weſt-Indies.

 

© the World to get a treaſure, This port of Tecoantepeque is the chief for fiſhing
in all that Countrey; we met here in the wayes lometimes with fifty, ſome-
times with a hundred mules 'together laden with nothing but falr fiſh for Graxa-
ca , the City of Angels and Aexico. There are ſome very rich Merchants dwell in
ir.. who trade with 2exico, Peru and Philippinas, ſending their ſmall veſſels our from
Port to Fort., which come home richly laden with the Commodities of all the
Southerne or Eaſterne parts. From hence to Gzatemala there is a plain Rode along
the Coaſt of the Sourh ſea , pailing through the Provinces of Soconuzcoand Sychuteve-
que's but we aiming at Chiapa took our journey over the high Rocks and Moun-
tains called 2zelenes, travailing firſt from Tecoantepeque to Eſtepeque, and fromthence
through a deſert of rwo dayes journey, 'where, we were fain to lodge one night by a
ſpring of water upon the bare ground 1n open wide fields, where neither Town nor houſe
is to be ſeen; yet thatcht lodgesare purpoſely made for travailers. This plain lyeth
ſo. open tothe Sea, that the wind from thence blowsſo ſtronglyand violently that tra-
yailers are ſcarceable to ſit their horſes and mules ; -which is the reaſon no people in-
habir. there , becauſe the windes tear their houſes, and the leaſt fire that there breaks
out , doth a grear deal of miſchief. This -plain yer is full of Cartell,” and Horſes
and Mares, ſome wilde, ſome tame; and through this windy Champaigne Countrey
with much adoe we travailed;though my ſelfthoughr T ſhould even there end my dayes,
for the ſecond day being toreach to a Town, and my three friends riding before,,
thinking that I followed them , evening now drawing on they made more hait ro find
the Town. -Butin the mean while my horſe refuſed ro go any further , . threatning
to lie down-if I put him to more then he was able. I knew the Town:could' not
be far, andſo Ilighted, thinking to walk and lead my horſe, who alſo refuſed to be
led, and ſo lay down. With this a troop of thoughts beſer me, and to. none I could
.give a flatanſwer. I thought if Tſhould go on foot to find out the Town and my
company and leave my-horſe there ſadled, I might both loſe my ſelfe , and my horſe
and faddle ; and if Tſhould find the Townand come in the morning for my horſe, the
plain was ſo wide and ſpacious,that T mighr ſeek long enough, - and neither find him.,
gor know the place where T left him, for there was nothing near to mark the place,
nor where to hide the faddle,neither hedge,tree,ſhrub,within a mile on any fide.Where-
fore Iconfidered my beſt courſe would be to take up my lodging in the wide and 0-
pen wilderneſſe with my horſe, andto watch him leſt he ſhould wander and ftray a-
way, untillthe morning or untill my friends might ſend from-the Town to ſee what
was become ofme z which they did not that night, thinking I had taken my way to
another Town not far from thence, whither they ſentin the morning to enquire for me.
T looked about therefore for a commodious place to reſt in,but found no choiſe of lodg-
ings , every where I found a bed readyfor me; which was the bare ground ; a bolſter
only or pillow I wanted for my head, and ſeeing no bank did kindly. offer ir ſelfe
to eaſe a loſt ſtranger; and pilgrime, T unſadled my weary Jade, and with my faddle
fitted my head in ſtead ofa pillow. ' Thus without a ſupper T wenr to. bedin my Mothers
own boſome, not a little comfortedto ſee my tired horſe pluck up his ſpirits, and
make much of his ſupper; which there was ready for him, of ſhort, dry and withered
graſſe,, upon which he fed with a greedy and hungry ftomach, promiſing me by his
teeding that the next day he would performe a journey ofar leaſt thirty or forty miles.
The poor: beaſt fed apace, my carefull eye watched him for at leaft an hour,whenupon a

ſuddainT heard fuch an hideous noiſe of howling, barking and crying, as if a whole Ar--'

my ofdogs were come intothe wildernefſe ; and howled for want of a- prey of ſome
dead horſe or mule: At firit the noiſe ſeemed to bea prerty way off from me ; but the
more Thearkened unto. it , the nigher it came unto me, and I obſerved it was not 'of
dogs by ſome intermixt ſhriekingsas of Chriſtians, whichT perceived init. An obſer-
vatton too fad for a lone man without any help or comfort in a wilderneſſe, which
made my hair to ſtand upright, my heart to pant, my body to be covered with a fear=
full fveat as of death. I expected nothing elſe, not knowing from whence the noiſe
proceeded ; ſometimesI thought of Witches; ſometimes of Devils, ſometime of 1ndi-
@nsturried into the ſhape of -beaſts, (which amongſt ſome hath been uſed) ſometimes
of wild and ſavage beaits, and from all theſe.thoughts I promiſed my ſelf nothing bur
fare dearh, for the which Tprepared my felf recommendins my ſoul to the Lord.,
whileſt 1 expected my body ſhould be a prey to - crue!l and mercileſſe beaſts;ſ or

ome

 
A New Survey 0f the W <«lt-Indies.

fome inftruments of rhat roaring Lionwho in the Apottle goeth about iceking whom
he may devoure. Trhought Tcould nort any wayes prevail by flying or running away ;
but rather might that way run my {elf into the jawes of death; ro hide there. was
no place, t0 lieſtill Ithought was fafeſt,' for if they were wilde beafts, they might fol-
low their courſe another way from me, and ſo F might eſcape.  Which truly ſipſoved
my fafeſt courle, tor while I lay ſfweating and panting, judging every cry, every how-
ling and ſhriking as an'alarmto my death, being in this agony and fearfull conflic rill
abour midnight , 0n a ſuddain the noiſe ceaſed, fleep (chough bur the ſhadow of death )
ſeized upon my wearied body, and forſook menor, till the mornings glorious lamp ſhi-
ning before my {lumbering eyes and driving away deaths ſhadow greeted me witk lite and
fafery. When Tawaked, my foul did magnifie the Lord for my deliverance from thar
nights danger, Tlooked abour and fa% my horſe alſo near the place whete I had left
him, Tfadled him preſently with defire to leave that wilderneſſe and to find ont my com-
pany, and to impart unto them what rhar night had happened unto me; Thad not rid
abovea mile, when Tcameto a brook of water, where were two wayes, the one ſtraight
forwardalong the defert, whereF could diſcover no Town, nor houſes, nor trees in 4
proſpect of fiveor 1ix miles at leaft ; the other way-was on the left ' hand, and thar
way ſometwo or three' miles off Tiaw a wood of trees, Timagined there might be the
Town; I followed thar way, and within a quarter of a mile my horſe began'to
complain of his poor provender the night before, and to ſlighr me for it; I was fain
to lighr and lead him; and thus again diſcouraged with my horſe, and diſcomforted
for the uncertainty of my way , looking aboutT ſpied a thatcht houfe on the one fide
ofthe way, and one on horſeback, who / came riding to me; it was an ſndian be-

 

 

 

 

 

- longinsto that houſe which was the farme of-a rich 124jan, and Governour of the

next Town, of whom T asked how far it wasto the Town of Eſtepeque, he ſhewed
me the trees, 'and told me thata little beyond themit ftood, and that Iſhould not ſee
it untillTcameunto ir. ' With this I got up again and ſpurred my ſullen jade, nntill T
reachedunto the rrees,where he wasatafſtand and would g0 no further, Then T un-
fadled him, and hid my faddle under ſome low ſhrubs, and leaving 'my horſe ( whom
Ifeared not that any would fteal him) I walked unto the Town which was not above
halfe a mile from thence, whereT found my three friends were waiting for me; and
Srieved for the loſſe of me; had ſent to another Town 'to enquire' for 'me; it was the
feaſt rhought they had that T had beena lodger in the deſert.WhenT related unto theni
and to the /:4;ansthe noiſe and howling that T had heard, the 7:47ans anſwered me that
that was common muſickto them almott every night,and thar they wereWolves and Ti-
gres which they feared nor, but did often meet them, and with a Rtick or hollowing did
ſcare them away , and that they were"only ravenous for their Fowles, Colts, Calves
or Kids.  Afffer a little diſcourſeT returned/with'an' 144;az to ſeek my horſe and fad-
dle, and inthat Town I fold my wearied A7:x:can beaft, and hired another to Ecate-
peque whither we went all four triends'again'in company.” Where note'thar in this plain
and champaign country of Tecoantepeque are five rich and' pleaſant* Townes fall of
fruits and' proviſion of victuall, all ending in Tepeque, towit, Tecoantepeque, Eſftepeque;
Ecatepeque, Sanatepeque, and T apauatepegue. Now from Ecatepeque' we could diſcover
the high mountains of 2zelezes, which were the ſubje& of moſt of our diſcourſe to
Sanatepeque, and from thence to Tapanatepeque.For we had'been informed by Spaniards
and Travailersin the way,that they were the moſt dangerous mountains' to' travail' over
that were inall thoſe 'parts; and that there were/0n thetop of them 'ſome paſſages ſo
narrow,,and fo high, and fo open to' the boiſterous winds that came' from the South=
ſea, which ſeemed to lie ar the very bottom of them; and on eachfide of theſe narrow
paſſages ſuch deep precipices amongſt rocks,that many times ithad happened , that the
wind blowing furiouſly had caſt down  Mules laden with -heavy carriages down the
rockes, and likewife Horſe-men had been blown down both Horſe and man.” The fight
of the rocksand mountains did terrifie us, and the report of them did niuch affright
us, ſothatiin all this way we did confer which way to take; whether therode way to
Guatemala which lieth under thoſe mountains along the coaft by the Country of Foco-
»#zco, from whence (though out of our way) we might have turned to Chiapa, or whe=
ther we ſhould ſteer our right courſe to Chiapa over thoſe mountains,which we had been
informed, we might ſafely paſſe over ifthe winds did not blow two boiſterouſly. We
reſolved that when we came to 7 apanatepeque we would chooſe our way-according Zs

LEE? the

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

A New Surctþey of the Weſt-Indies

the winds did fayour or threaten us, but however to Chzapa we would go, becauſe there
we had underſtood was the Superiour and Provincial ofall the Dominicans of thoſe
parts, ( to whom we ought ro addreſſe our ſelves ) and alſo becauſe we would lee that
famous and much talked of Province of Chiapa. In Sanatepeque we met with a Fryer
who gaveus ſtately entertainment, and from thence gave us 1ndians to gui_de us to Ta-
panatepeque , anda letter to the chief ofthe Town (which alſo was at his command )
ro giveus Mules to carry us, and Jndiansto guide us up the mountains. Here the reſt of
our Horſesalſo failed us, but their wearinefſe was no hinderance to us, for the 1-di-
ans were willing to give usas much or more then they had coft us, becauſe they were
true exicay breed, andall the way we went to-Ch:apa and through that country to
Guatemala the Towns were to provide us of Mules for nothing. - We came to Tapa-
natepeque (which Randeth at the botrome and foot of 2welexes) on Saturday night,
andwith the letter we carryed were very much welcomed and eatertainedwell by the 1;-
dians.

This Town is one of the ſweeteſt and pleaſanteſt of any we had ſeen from Graraca
thither, andit ſeems God hath repleniſhed it with all ſorts of comforts which Tra-
yailers may need to aſcend up thoſe dangerousand ſteepy rocks. Here is grear plenty
of catrell for fleſh, and rich 7-4;as which have farmes, called there Efantia's, in ſome
a thouſand, in ſome three or four thouſand head of cartell ; fowles here are in abun-
dance, fiſh the beſt ſtore and choiſeſt of any Town from exico thither ; for the Sea
is hard by it , and beſides there runneth by it a ſmall river which yeelds divers ſorts. of
fiſh. From the mountains there fall ſo many ſprings of water, that with them the
Tadians Water at their pleaſure rheir gardens which are ſtored with much herbage and
fallets. The ſhade which defends from the hear (which there is great) is the daughter
of ,moſt Hreet and goodly fruit ' trees, .and of Orange, Lemmon, Citron and Fis
leaves. The Sabbath morning was ſo calmethat we. defired to make uſe of it, leſt by
longer delayes the winds ſhould ſtay us, or force us to the-coaſt of Soconnuſeo. But
the, 1n4;ans intreated usto be their gueſſe at dinner , not doubting but-the weather
would hold, and promiſing usto provide us ftrong and luſty Mules, and proviſion of
fruits, and fried fiſh, or fowles, or what our ſelves defired. We could not refuſe this
their kind offer, and fo ſtayed dinner with them. After dinner our Males wee brought,
and two 1-dians to guide us and.carry our proviſion, which wasſome fried fiſh, and a
coldroſted Capon, with fome fruitas much as might ſuffice us for a day , for the chief
aſcentand danger is not aboye ſeyen leagues, or one and twenty Exg/iſp miles , and
then/beyond the top of themountains three milesis one of the richeſt farms for Hor-
ſes, Mules, and Cattell, in all the Country of Chiapa , where we knew we ſhould be
welcomed by one Dox Fohy de Toledo, who then lived there. Though theſe moun-
tains ſhew themſelves with ſeverall ſharpe pointed heads,andare many joyned together,
yet one of them is only mentioned inthat Country by the travailers, which is called
Haquilapa, overthe which'lyeth the way to.Chiaps. To this high, ſteepy, and crag-
&y aquilapawe took our journey after dinner, and- were by the proud mountaine
that night well. entertained, and harboured-in a green plat of ground reſembling a
meadow, which lay as a rib ofthe.one fide of that huge and more then Pyrenian mon-
ſter. The 1ndians comforted us with the ſhews of fair weather, and told us that they
doubted not but the next dayat noon we ſhould be at Don Foh# de Toledo his Eftantia,
or farme.. With this we ſpread our ſupper uponthe green table-cloth, and at that firſt

. meal eat up our:Capon and moſt of the proviſion of our. cold fried fiſh, leaying only
a bit for our mornings breakefaſt, the ſprings of water like Conduit-pipes, trickling
down the rocks ,/ gave.us melodious muſick to, our ſupper ; the 1:dias fed merrily,
and our Mulescontentedly, and ſo the fountain Nymphes ſung us afleep cill morning ,
which ſeemed tous as calme and quiet as the: day before, and encouraged us haftily to
ſnatch that bit which we had left and ſo up from breakefaſt, ro fay merrily, upto Aa-
quilapa. 'We had not winded the mountain upwards much above a mile, when the
higher we mounted, the more we. heard the wind from above whiſtlingunto us,and for-
bidding usto go any further., We were now_half way up, and doubtfull what we
ſhoulddo, whether go forward, or return to Tapayatepeqxe to eat more fiſh,or to ſtay
where we werea while untill the weather were more calme, which we thought might
be: ax noon or towards evening.  The Indianstold us that about a_mile further there

-was a fountain of water, and a lodge made under trees on purpoſe for Travailers that
; were

 

 

A D eN e e e e e  e e e e e  e  e e e e e G e  S Seeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee e ee e aa
- New$ urctugyſſ of the WeſtIn —— ——

were either benighted or hindred by the winds to compaſſe their Journey up the moun-
rain. Thirher we went with much zdoe, hoping the wind would fall - bur Rill the
higher we climed, the Rtonger wefelt the breath of «£el/zs, and durlt not like the
people called P/5/; ( of whom Herodoris writerh ) march againſt him , left as they in
ttead of a vidtory found a grave in the fands where they mer to oppoſe him,ſo we in flea
ofaſcending ſhould by a furious blaſt be made ro deſcend into thoſe deep and horrid
precipices, which truely threatned death, and offered themſelyes ro bea grave unto our
* rornand mangled bodies. We liked the fountain very well, and the lodge better for
the harbour of trees which compaſſed ir abour. The winde kept on breathins, and we
ſtood ftill fearing , till the day was ſo far ſpent that we had no hopes of goi:fig back
or forward. ' Ot any ſupper we defpaired that night , who would have been glad nov\;
to haye pickeda boneof a Capons leg, or tohave ſucked a fiſhes head , and ſaw there
was nothing for us, but only to feed our hungry Rtomachs with the remembrance of the
plenty the night before. Thus gazing one upon another, and ſometimes looking down to
K the fountain,fomerimes looking up to the rrees, we perceived amongſt them a Lem-
mon tree, fu!l of ſall and very ſowre green Lemmons. Tr was not with us as with
ly Tantalus who could neither injoy the fruit above him, nor the waters beneath him : we
Ie could and did moſt greedily catch and ſnarch the Lemmons, which were fawce for no
-'3 meat, but only to fill an empry ſtomach ; with them we ſupped and took our reſt:
4 The next morning the wind was rather ſtronger then calmer , and we as ſtrong the ſe-
D cond day asthe firit in our purpoſe of ftaying there, and nor turning our backes like
l Cowards. The Indians were alſo willing to ſtay yet one day longer ;. ſo we fell to our
nl breakfaſt of Lemmons which were ſomewhat cool to a fatting ſtomach; and reliſhed
fr nothing the better witha draught from the clear fountain. - And of what-we left on
the tree we made our dinner and ſupper, adding to our water what we faw the Tudians
l did drink, who had their ſmall bags full of powder of their Maiz, of which firſt ma-
It king cakes as dry as bisket they then grind them to powder, and when they travaile,
r carry with them that powder to drink with water. This we thought might be more
{ nouriſhing to us, then Lemmons and water only , and fo for that day we bought of
; them halfa bagfull of powder giving for it in our want and neceſſity four rials, or two
Evgliſs ſhillings, which out of 2{aquilapa and that our fear of ſtarving might not be
z worth above a penny ; and yer this was but weak nouriſhment for 'our feeble bodies.
Thus we waited all Tueſday for the laying 'of the wind, reſolving the next morning ei-
| ther to goup the hill, or downagain to Taparatepeque. But on Wedneſday mornins
the wind ſeeming to be ſomewhart laid, we purpoſed to ſtay till noon hoping then it
wou{d be ſure travailing ; but it ceaſed nor bur rather increaſed a little; whereupon one
of our company refolved to go upwards a mile or two on foot, and trie the paſſa-
ges, and the danger of the wind and to bring us word again; for we thought 'our
fear might be greater then the danger,' whohad heard much ralke, but had not as yer
feen any thing worth our fear. Up therefore went our friend, who ſtaid from us near
two houres, and then returning back he rold us he thought we might get up leading
our Mules by the bridles. But what with further queſtions and debates the time paſſed
away, ſo that we thought it might be roo late ; and for that'day we put offour journey
untill the next morning, reſolutely purpoſing to go forwards altogether if the wind
were not much increaſed. So that day we fell again to our green crabby Leramons, wa-
ter and Maiz powder , all which we found-had much weakned our bodies and feared if
we continued there any longer they might haſten our death. Wherefore on Thurſday
morning (the wind being as the day before ) commending our ſelves firſt unto the pro-
tection of that Lord whom the winds and ſea obey, we mounted up upon our'Mules
( leaving our names writtenin the bark of a great tree, and the dayes we ſtayed there
without food) and ſo went upward. We perceived no great danger in the wind a
Sreat while,bur ſome ſteps and paſſagesupon ftony rocks we feared for the nartowneſſe
of them, and there welighted, thinking our ſelves fafer upon our own two feet; then
upon the four feet of a beaft. But when we came up'to the very top of 34aqmilapa (which
fignifies in that tongue, A head without hair') we perceived truly the danger ſo much
ralked of; and wiſhed our ſelves again with our green Leramons in the way to Tapana-
tepeque, for we found it indeed a head without hair, atop without a tree or branch to
ſheltera fearfull Trayeller ; the paſſage thar'lieth open to the ſea may be no more then

2 quarrer of a mile, but the height and narrowneſle of it tupefieth ; for ifwe look c\)\l!
. the

 

 

 

 

 

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Survey of the Weſt-Indies.

A New
theone ſide, there is the wide and ſpacious South fea lying fo deep and low under it,
thar ir dazlerh the eyes to beholdir ; if we look on the orher lide, there are rockes of
at leait ſix or feven miles depth ; whoſe fighr doth make the ſtourettand hardeſt hearr
(rhough like themſelyes) ro quake and quiver ; fo that herethe ſea expetts ro fwaljow,
there the rocks threaten to tear with a downfall, andin the midft of thoſe dangers in

ſome places the paſſage is not aboye anell broad. We needed better cordials for that -

quarter of a mile then feeding three dayes upon green Lemmonsand water, and durſt nor
man our ſelves ſo much as to go through it upon our Mules; we lighred, and gave the
Tadians our Mules to lead, and we followed them one by/one not daring to walk upright
for fear of head giddineſſe with looking on either fide, bur bowing our bodies we crepr
upon our hands and feer as near unto the trackes which beaits and Travailers had made
as we could without hindering our going. And when we had got to the end of that
aſſage, and where the mountain was broader, and the trees/promiſed relief, we then
looked back boldly, and accuſed of folly both our ſelves and all orher Travailers that
ſought no other way though ten miles about, to avoid that danger both for man and
beatt. From thence joyfully we made haſt ro Don 7obn de Toledo, who made us wel-
come and gaveus ſome warme broath to .comfort our ftomachs, which were ſo weak
that no ſooner had we eat any thing, but preſently we caſt it up again ; till afrer ma-
ny ſups of broath and wine we recovered ftrength cowards night, and eat our ſuppers;
there we ſtayed two dayes ; and thus throughly refreſhed we went to Acapala a very
great Town of 1zdiazs in the Province of Chiapa, ftanding by the fame-river thar
paſſeth by Chiapa, which is called Chiapa de Tdzos, or Chiapa of the Tadians, to di-
ſtinguiſh it from another Chiapa, called Chiapa Reall the Roial Chiapa, or Chiapa de
Eſpanoles, Chiapa of the Spaniards. From Acapala we went firſt to Chiapa of the [;-
dians, which ftandeth almoſt as low as 21aquilapa is high, ſeated upona river as broad
asis the Thamesat London, Which hath its ſpring from the mountains called Cachnma-
tlaes, in the rodefrom Chiapa Roial to Guatemala, and runnes towards the Province
of Zoques, where it entreth, into the river of Tabaſco.- - But of this Chiapal will ſpeak
alittle morein the next Chapter, and now.only fay rhat here we were joyfully enter-
tained by thoſe Fryers, who looked upon us as members belonging to the Corporati-
on of that their Province, andafſured us that the Provinciall and chief Superionr would
be very glad of our coming, who wanted Spani/ſh Fryers to oppeſe the Criolians and
Natives who firived to, get a head as they had done.lin 24exico cnd Graxaca. Here we
underſtood that the Provinciall was notabove one dayes journey from thence. Here
alſo we met with our friend Perer Borallo, who had come before us atone, and madehis
eſcape from Mexico; he comforted us mach with the good and kind ufage which he had
found there; yet he cold us how Calvowas: gone with the reſt of his train from ex-
coto Acapylco,and from thence was ſhipped with them to Philippinas; but that at his de=
parture he had writ a letter of bitter complaints unto the Superiour of Chiapa and Guare-
»ala againft him and us four, deſiring the Provinciall not to entertainus, but to ſendus
back to exico, to be ſhipped from thence the next year unto Philippinas; which- let-
ter was not regarded, buc much flighted by the Provinciall. ' After we had been a week
feaſted in Chiapa, we thought it now fit to preſent our ſelves to the Provinciall (whoſe
name was Fryer Peter Alvarez,) that from him we might receive judgement, and know
whether we ſhould ſtay in that Province, or be forced to return to Spain, for in no other
part of Americawe could beentertained. We found the Provinciall in a little Town
called St. Chriſtopher, between Chiapa of the Tndians and the Roiall Chiapa, recreating
himſelfin the ſhady walkes, which are many fweet and pleaſant in that ſmall Town;
where alſo there is ſtore of fiſh, and great abundance of rare and exquiſite fruits.
He entertained us very lovingly with faire and comforrable words,with a tately dinner
and ſupper, and. before we went to bed, to ſhew his humility he did unto us what
Chriſt to his Diſciples, he waſhed, our feet. The firſt day he faid little or nothing
unto us concerning our continuing in that Country ; but the next day he diſcovered
unto us his full refolutions, with many wiſeand cunning fophiſmes. For firſt he read
untous the letter which Ca/vo had writ unto him againit us, glofling upon it how ill we
had done in forſaking our firſt loye and calling to Philippinas, and the danger many
Tsdian ſouls might be in by reaſon of our not g£0ing thither to convert and inftruct
them, whoſe -gifts and abilities he ſuppoſed might have been more profitable and com-
fortable to thoſe fouls, then thoſe whoin our fiead and abſence ſhould be ſent amotx:gſt
them

 
A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies.

them. And fecondly, he told us how he had fruſtrated rhe King of Spains good
hopes of us who had allowedus meansand mainrenance from Spain to. Mexico, hoping
that by us many ſouls of 1zdians in Philippinas might be faved, Thirdly, he told
us thar he looked upon us as his priſoners, in whoſe power it was to impriſon us, and
ro ſendus priſoners to X4exico to the Viceroy, to be ſhippedfrom thence to 24anila,
according to Calzo his demand. Bur for the preſent he would not let us know whas
he meant to do withus; Only he bad us noc to be diſcouraged , but.to be merry
and recreate our ſelves, and thart after dinner we ſhould know more from him, when
he had receiyed an' anſwer toa Letter which he had writ unro the City of Chiapa con-
cerning the diſpoſall of our perſons.  Theſe reaſonings of the graye and old Provinci-
all did noca little fad our hearts; for the loſſe of ſoules, the King of Spaiz his in-
tentions and charity charged upon us,and impriſonment ſpoke of by the by, were words
-which ſeemed of a yery high ſtrain, and ſo .could hardly be digeſted by us; this mornings
breakfaſt had quite taken away fromus our ſtomach to our dinner. And thus we depar-
ted from the preſence of the venerable Fryer Perer Alvarez, and betook our ſelves to a
ſhady walke under Orange trees belonging to the houſe where this Superiour was; In this
ſhade we conferred with our ſelves upon the words of Alvarez, and finding them of ſo
high a nature, as involving ſoules, a King and impriſonmenr, we chought yerily we
ſhould be ſent back to 2Zex3co, and from thence like fugitive ſlaves be.forced to Philippi=
14s. Here my hopes ofever more ſeeing England were loſt; Antonio Melendez his heart
panted, wiſhed himſelfagain upon the highett rop of Maquilapa; another wiſhed him-
ſelf with old Ca/vo ar Sea failing to Aanila, though it were but to help him ſcrape his
ruſty Gammons of Bacon. , _

- _The,motion was made to makeaneſcape froth Alvarez, ; as we had done from
Calvo; but to this anſwer was made, that whither ſo ever we went, not knowing the
Country, we ſhould be diſcoyered ; and that pur caſe the worſt , we ſhould.be ſenc
to exico, we might better eſcape in the way, then there where we were.  At laſt Þ
told the-reft, that I could conceive no hard nor harſh vſage fromthat ſmiling and
loving countenance of the Provinciall,norafterthat hislow and humble a& of waſhing
our feer the night before ; and that T thought yerily he wiſhed us well for having
come ſo far to offer our ſelves for fellow labourers inthar harveſt of ſouls belongingto
his charge, and whom we knew wanted ſuch as we were newly come from S$paini to op-
poſe the Criolians or Natives faction in that Province; alleadging furthermore the
example of our friend and companion Perer Berallo,, whom he had already incorpo=
rated into that Province, and could do no lefle with us without partialiry and accepta-
tion of perſons. And laſtly, my opinion.was, that incaſe we ought not to be. enter-
tained there, yet the. Provinciall would not ſendusbackto Mexico, there to be diſgraced
andaffronted, but would give way unto us to return to Spain, or whither elſe we
would, with ſome relief and mony in our purſes. Whilſt we were thus troubled,and
inthis fadand feriousdiſcourſe ; old Alvarez it: ſeems had been eying of us from his
window ; and as foſeph could not long ſuppreſſe and keep inthe expreſlions of a loving
and tender heart unto his brethren;ſo this good Superior perceiving that we were trou-
bled with whar he had faid unto us, ſent his *companion unro us to comfort us ; which
we ealily perceived by his diſcourſe when he came unto us. , For as ſoon as he came
he asked us why we were ſo fad and.melancholy? he rold us, the Provinciall alſo
had obſerved that we were troubled. But, fſaid he, - be of good chear; be con-=
fident that the Provinciall wiſheth you very well, and needeth ſuch as you are,and having
come into his Dominion to thruſt your ſelves upon. his mercy , by harſh and unkind
uſage he willnor do what Martialſ Law forbids a hard hearted Souldier to- do unto
his enemy upon ſuch termes. Many ſuch.comfortable words did he ſpeak unto' us ; and
told us further that the Provinciall had been much cenſured by the Criolian party, for
entertaining of Pezer Borallo ; and that now they would ftir worſe ſecing four more
come to weaken their faCtion; and therefore he defired to be well adviſedconcernin
us, and to carry. our buſineſle with ſuch diſcretion, as mighr give little offence to.thoſe
who were apt to judge and cenſure the beſt of all his a&tions. And, finally. he did af<
fure us, that we ſhould never beſent back as priſoners to Mexico by the Provyinciall,
who in-caſe he could not entertain us in Chiapa , 'or Guatemala ,., would farther us
with all bis fayour, and friends, and mony in our purſes ro return again to Spain.
Theſe reaſons were heart fainting Cordials unto us, and ftomach: preparatives-t0 Zſi

£00

 

 

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94 »A New Survey of the Wel_*c-lndiſſe__s. -

o0d dinner ; 'to which by the ſound of a bell we'were invite_d. : Wh_en we came in,
the loving, ſmiling,and fatherly countenance of the good Provinciall did chear us more
than all the chear rhat waired for usupon the rable in ſeverall difhes , allwhich were
ſeaſoned roour Palates with the fauce of the'comfort, which the Provincials meſſenger
had broughtuntous inthe ſhady Orangewalke in the garden. The great proviſion
of fiſhand fleſh, with fruits and fiweet meats were yet t0us a frong argument that we
were very welcome ; for what we fed on that day, might well become-a Noble mans
Table ; Beſidesin many paſſages of our diſcourſe we perceivedthat good old Alvares
his heart was over-joyed with our coming 'to him., Dinner being endedthe Provin-
ciall defired to/play a game-at Tables with us round abour, faying he would not win
our 'money, becauſe he judged us poor after '{o long a journey. * But thus he ſerled
thegameand ſport ; that ifhedid win, we ſhould fay for bim'five Parer Noſters,and five
Ave Miaries ; 'but if we wun, we ſhould win 'our admirtance, and Tncorporation in-
to that Province. This ſport- pleaſed us well,, for our winnings we judged would be
to us more profitable at that time , then to win pounds, -and our loſings we valued
not.; beſideswe were confidentall went wellwith us , when from the 'tavour of the
Dice, we mighr challenge thatfavour which with many weary journeys'we -/had come to
ſeekabove/four hundred-miles. Theſport'began, and we young blades taking one 'by
one our turts, were too -hard for the-old man, who as weperceived would willinglybe
the loſer; that his very lofſesmight ſpeak unto'us what through policy and diſcretionhe
would notutter with words. "Yer we'boidlychallenged our winnings, which as-ſoon as
we had endedour game were now'ſurely confirmedunto usby the return of an Tndian
' meſſenger, who that morning had been ſent to the City of Chiapa for advice and counſell
from thePriorandthechief of the Cloiſter concerningour diſpoſall, and now was re-
turned withananſwer from thePrior, who in his letter expreſſed grear joy unto \the
Provinciallfor our coming, and ſo from thereſt'ofthe'Seniors of the Cloiſter, and diq
earneſtly beg of 'the Superiour, thar he would ſend |us'to*him ro'be his -guelts , for
that-our (caſe thad been this 'own ſome ten'years before', for he had alſo-at Hexico
forſaken his company to Philippinas, 'and-fled -to 'Guaremala, wherefor his learning
and/good partshe had 'been as a ftranger 'much /enviediby the Criolian fadtion;
but now'he hopedhe ſhould 'have ſome'to ſide with him againfſt ſuch as ſpighted
and maligned him. "Old AFvares was much taken with his letter, and told us'he 'muſt
pay whar he had loſt, and tharthe next dayhe 'would ſend us to Chiapa, thereto abitle
untilhe: rook further care ofus, toſend usto other parts-of the Country, to learn
the T-4iay languages; that we might preach unto 'them. This diſcourſe being ended we
berook-our 'ſelvesagain to the Garden which ſmelled more of comfort 'then before
dinner,and to our ſhadywalks which now offeredus a fafer prote&ion then they 'had
done'in the forenoon, countenancingthat proreion which we had gained from'the
Provinciall.

Here \we began'to-praiſe God, who had Tooked upon us in our low eſtate, not forget-
ting the wiſe and politick Provincall , who though 'he had loſt his games for our
comfort, we would not heſhould loſe-our prayers , which"there we offered up'to
Godforthis health and fafety. 'And ſo*till fupper time we continued onr diſcourfe'in
the Garden faller-of mirth and/pleafant /jeſts, then wehaddone before dinner, ſnarch-
ing now and'thenat the Oranges and Lemmons which were 'there both ſowre and
ſveet, eating of ſome , and caſting ſome one at anorher, bur eſpeciallyat him who had
wiſhed himſelf with 'Calvo drefling hisruſtyBacon, whom we ftrived to bear out ofthe
garden byforce of 'Orange and Lemmon 'bullers ; which ſport we continued the more
willingly ,*becauſewe perceivedthe good 'Provinciall ftood behind a Latrice in a Bal-
cony beholding'vs, and-rejoycing to' ſee 'our hearts ſo light and merry. We'had
no ſooner 'beat Calvo his friend out ofthe 'garden, when'rhe bell ro ſupper ſounded
a retreattous all, and called us again to meer our beſt friend A/varez, who had fur-
nifhed usa Table again like that at noon. Affter ſupper herold us that the next mor-
ning 'hewouldſend us to Chiapa , for that 'the Prior had writunto him he would meet
us 1ntheway-with-a Breakfaſt ar a Town called 'St.Philip ; wherewith we conceited
very'highly ofour' ſelves*to fſee thar Provincials and Priors were ſo forward to feaſt
us. Yer before'we- went to bed, the Provinciall would tryagain 'a game at Tables with
every-one of us ; 'toſee if now he' could beat us that'had been too hard for him at noon.
Thematter ofourgamewwas now altered,and what we played for was this ; ifthe Pro-l
: ' vincial

 

D eP em mn mn
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1 New' Survey of t/;} Weſt-lſiſiaſſies,

vincallwon, we were robe is pritoners, (which” myſtery. we underitocd not till the
next day., for the old. man was crafty and Politick', and kteiv he could win of us
when he liſted,, for he was an excellent''gameſter at Tables ) but'if we win of him,
he wasto giveusa box of Chocolarte, which was 4 drink 'we liked very well. 'The
Game went on, and we every one of us one by  one were loſers, yer underftood not
how we ſhould. be his priſoners, buc {lighred our loſſes. Yer tor-all this the merry
Provinciall told us, he'was fory we had loft, and wiſhed we might, never | be priſo=
ners toa worſe enemie 'then he.; and thar we ſhould'perceive-it ; he, would comfort
us each '6ne asa priſoner with a box of Checelatre,” to drink for his fake ,and to' com-
forr our hearts, when moſt we ſhould find them diſcomforted for our lofles. We nn-
derftood nor his meaning till the next day at' noon, but though it was a jeſt and a
word of ſport and mirch, like many fuch  which in his diſcourſe had come froni
him.
Wik this we took-our leaves, and went to bed with light and merry hearts. TIr
the morning two Mules of the Provinciall and two of his  Companion were fadled for
us, and art leaft a dozen'1945ns on horſe back waited for us ro condut us up a'ſteepy
bill and through woods ro'the Town of St. Philip. After our breakfaft the go0d Pro-
vinciaſl imbraced us, and bad usfarewell, defiring us to pray tor him ; and*nor to be
diſcouraged by any thing that might betall us, afſuring us he wilted us verywell, and
would'do what lay in his' power for our good; yer' fo, that he muſt uſe policy and
diſcretion to Rtop the months of the Crioltans, whom he knew hated both him ard us.
Thus we departed with Waits and Trumpers ſounding before us; which rebounded 4n
Echoall the way up the hill from ustro old Alvarez whom we had left in a low bottome
'compaſſed about with hils 0n every fide. We had no ſooner aſcended up to the top of
the' Mountain, when we diſcoyered a little Valley, and in it the City of Chiapa of the
Spaniards; with two or three ſmall Villages, of which one was St. Ph;/;p ar the bottom
of theMountain', which we weretoaſcend. The Trumpets which ftill went ſound-
irg before. us'were a ſufficient andloud Alarme'to St. Ph;/ips Inhabitants' of 'our. com*
ing, anda warning for the ſpeedyer haſtening of 'our'ſecond breakfaſt , for the which
the cold - morning aire ( which we' found ſomewhat piercing upon the Mountain )
had whertted and through prepared our ftomachs: ” We had'tot got down the Moun-
tain half a mile, when we met with a matter of twenty gallant 7,4;ans on horſe-
back-with their trumpeters ſounding before them, and behindtherm came upon a ftately
Mule the Prior of Ch:apa , (whoſe name was Father ?ohy Bapriſt) a merry' fat Fryer,
who calling us his brethren fugitives'from' Philipprnas , told us we were welcoime to
that country,and to him eſpecially,” and that inthe next St. Phi/;p he would ſhew. us bet-
rer ſport then any St:'Phz1;pin all the Philippinas Wands' conld have thowed'ns, if we
had gone thither: Thus with a pleafant -diſcourſe, and 'many merry conceits from
the-good Prior we ſoon came down the hill,” where che whole Village' of.St, Philip
waitedfor'us both men and women; ſome'preſenting unto'vs noſegaies, 'others: hurling
Roſes and{others flowers in our-faces ,. others dancing before us all alons the ſtreer ,
which was ftrowed with herbs and'Orange leaves, and adorned with manyArches
made with flowers/and hung with' garlands for us to ride under untill we cameto the
Charch, 'where for half an hour"we were welcomed with the beſt muſick from the
City of Chiapa, which the Prior hadhired to come with: him to entertain us.” Our
Mulick being ended, fat Farher 7#hz Baprift ſtood up and made a ſhort ſpeech unto
the. Indians, giving' them rhanks' for - rheir kind and ponipous entertainment of us
his'ſpeciall friends,” and that” their' fouls might gain by it,,” he granted,unto them
a plenaryindulgence of all their'fins paſt to be gained by as many of them as'ſhould
vilit that:Church'thenext Lords day <ither beforeor afternoon.  And thus from the
Altar we went unto our breakfaſting Table, which was futniſhed with thany well ſea-
ſoned diſhes of faltand well peppered and ſpiced meats, all fit to make usreliſh better
a cup of Spaniſh Pier Ximeny which the Prior had provided for us. After onr falt mears,
came ſuch rareand exquiſite forts of ſweet meats made by 7ohy Bapriſ? his beſt deyoted
Nuns of Ch3apa, that the like wehad not ſeen'from St. tohn 'de Vlhaa to that place.
Theſe were to prepare our ftomachs'for a Cup of Chicolarte,, with the which we end- ;
edour breakfaſt.But whillt all this was gallantly performed by the Prior, it was  hard
Riddleunto us, whathe often repeateduntous,faying, Brethren break your faft well,
for your dinner will be the meaneft as .ever ye did eat in your lives, and'now en)gy
this

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

A New Survqſſof the W eſt-Indies,

this ſiveet liberty which will not laſt long unto you. We obſerved the words, but knew '
not what to make of them, till we came unto the Cloiſter. After our breakfaſt the 7ndians
ſhewed us a little ſport in the market place, running races 0n horſe-back, and playing at
Tuego de Canna's ; which isto meet on horſe-back, with broad Targets to detend their
heads and ſhoulders,while paſling by they hurl Canes, or darts one at another,which thoſe
Irdians ated with great dexterity. ; :
Thus the good Prior of Chiapa feafted us, and permittedus to enjoy our liberty as
long as it ſeems it had been agreedupon by lerters between himand the Provinciall, which
was till it might be dinner time inthe Cloiſter of Chiapa, where we were to be before
noon. The time drew near,and we had from St.:Philip to the City of Chiapa fome two
Engliſh miles to ride ; Wherefore the Prior commanded our Mules to. be brought ; the
waits and trumpets gave warning to-the Town of our deparcure ; and ſo with many horſe-
men, with dances, Muſick and ringing of Bels, we wereas ſtarely and joyfully conducted
out of the Town, as we,had been inducted into it. + Ar rhe firit half miles end the Prior
gavethanks unto.the 1rd;ans, and deſired them to rerurn, the Cloiſter being near where
we expeRed another kind of entertainment, not uling in the City and cloiſter that pomp
and ftate, which inthe Country might be allowed. The Indians took their leayes, of us ;
and on we went with only two as guides before us. Within half a:mile of rhe: City; the
Prior and a companion of his topped, and took out ofhis pocker an order from the Pro=
vinciall, which he read unto us, to this effe&t, That whereas, we had forſaken our law-
fuſl -Superiour Calvoin the way to Philippinas, and without his licence had come unto
the Province of Ch:apa , he could not in conſcience but inflit ſome puniſhment upon
us before he did enable us to abide chere as members under him ; / therefore he did ſtrict-
ly command the Prior of Chiapa,, that as ſoon as we ſhould enter into his Cloiſter ,
/

 

he ſhould ſhut us up two by two in our chambers , asin ptiſons, for three dayes, not
ſuffering usto_g0 out to. any place, fave only to the publick place of refection (called
Refectory) where all the Fryers met together to dige and ſup,, where at noon time' we
were to preſent our ſelves before all the Cloilter fitcing upon the bare ground, and there
ro receive no other dinner, but only, bread and waterzbut at ſupper we might. havein our
chambers or prifons, what the Prior would be, pleaſed toallowus. This was the Pe-
nanceenjoyned upon us by the wiſe and cunning Provinciall. This newes'at the-fir{t
was but ſowre ſawce, or a dry Poſtpaſt after a;double ſumptuous breakfaſt ; it. was
dolefull ditty to us after our Muſick aud dances,. to. hear of a treble faſt after our fealt;
to_hear of impriſonment after ſo grear. liberty. ., We now began to-remember the Pro-
vincials winnings at Tables the night_ before , and. the myſtery thereof, and began
to_ thinke how comfortable his boxes of: Checolatte would be unto us after a meale
of bread and water. Now we called to minde the ſhort  dinner the Prior had told us
at St. Philips we were like to have that, day, and of the liberty he bad us then, make
much. of., -But the good Prior ſeeing us (Zd upon, a ſuddain , and-our countenances
changed, ſmiled upon us, wiſhing us.not to. think the worſe ofhim, nor of the Pro-
vinciall , who did that our of Policy, and to ſtop the Criolians mouths,whomt he knew
would murmur, if no. puniſhment were inflictedupon.us. He aſſured us, after our im-
priſonment, of honours and preferments, and that as long as we-were with him, we
ſhould want no incouragement ; and that after a breadand water dinner he could ſend
us to our chambers a ſupper, that ſhould ftrongly ſupport our empty ſtomachs, and fur
and line them well for_the next four. and twenty hours. ' With theſe incouragements
on we went to the Cloiſter of Chiapa, where we. were welcomed by moſt of the Fry=
ers, but in ſome few we noted a frowning and difaffected countenance.  Wewere no
ſooner conducted co our Chambers, when the bell ſounded to dinner for the reſt,and
cryed aloud. to us Penance with bread and: water.  Down we went to the common
dining place, andthanks being given, the Fryers ſitting round the. tables., we four
Philippinian, 7onahs (ſo ſome Criolians. were pleaſed to termus) betook our ſelvesto
the middle of the Refe&o(?r, where without cuſhions, ſtooles, ſeats or formes, we far
upon the bare ground croſle legged like tailors, afting humility now for our diſobedi=
ence to ſlovenly Ca/ve. While the firſt diſh was /preſented round the tables,to each of us
was preſenteda loaf of reaſonable bigneſſe, and a por'of pure. Cryſtall water, where*
of we fed and dranke- molt heartily though with full ftomachsfroma double breakfaſt
before. Yert even here in this publick A& of ſhame and diſgrace ( which we knew
was uſuall among Fryers for leſle faults then ours.)- we had this comfort , that we had

: a

 
A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies,

aPrior and Provinciall tor friends, and that that puniſhment came from friendly
hand , whoſe Chocolatte we had ro comfort our taſting bodies; and ſecondly; we
Kknew that we ſhould have thar night in our priſon chambers a .betrer ſupper' then any
of thoſe before us, who fed upon their three or four diſhes. Bur thirdly , it
was 'our comtfort thar at thar very rime a Criolian Fryer alſo far vponthe ground with
us (of whoſe company we had been informed by ſome friends before we went- inz
ro the refeQory ) for ſome love-letters which had been intercepred berween him
and a Nun of thar Ciry, rending to much,uncivility , and breaking theit oath of pro-
feſſed chaftiry. Bur when I perceived this Frier to look diſcontenredly upon us, I
choſe my placeasnear unto him as Icould; and hearing him mutrer witlti hitnſelf a.
gainſt us, calling us diſobedient Philippinian: Fonahs, T toftly and triendly ſpoke unto
him with theſe two following Hexameters, which ſuddainly came unro my mind about
his miſdemeanor,
$i Momalis Amoy te turpia ſeribere fecir,
Ecce tibifrigide prebent medicamina lywphe.
But my good neighbour ſnuffing and puffing at my ſuddain muſe, ſeemed to be more
diſcontented then before; and would faih withdraw himſelfby degreesfrom me, nor riſing
up (for thar was nor lawtullro do till dinner had been ended) bur wrigling his elbowes
and ſhoulders ſcornfully from me, whom in like manner I followed; cleaving friendly to
him with this verſe,
Solamen miſera eſt: ſocios retinere Panettes, '
He thought T followed him to fteal away his loat from him. This-new found word,
Panettes, hadalmoſt choaked him, had he not made uſe of the medicinall water which
ſtood betore him; ofthe which he dranke a good dranghr,. whereby  I perceived his
courageagainſt me and my friends wastamed, andIrold himyI hoped hisburning wancon
love was cooled. :
Thus with my Criolian neighbours company my bread and water went down cheer-
-fully ; and dinner being/ended ; we were 'again conduted to our chambers, where
we dranke a cup of old A/varez his: Chocolatte, The Caſtilian Fryers flocked unto our
priſons, ſome to talke with us, ſonie bringing us conſerves and fiveer-mears, others
other dainties, which they had preparedto help our digeſtion of breadand cold wa-
ter. My ſuddain verſes to my Criolian neighbour were preſently noyſedabout the
Cloiſter, and were the chief ſubject! of our ralke that afternoon. Our ſupper was pro-
vided for us according to the promiſe and generous ſpirir of the Prior , who alſo ho-
noured our priſon thar night with his own and two other Fryerscompany, ſapping
with usall in one chamber together. - And chus we paſſed our rhree dayes ofimpriton-
ment merrily and contentedly, wiſhing we mighr never ſuffer harder ufage inany priſon
then we had done1n this ; which was not to us ſuch a puniſhmenras did bring with ir
the privarion of any liberry of enjoytng the company of friends , of feaſting with
them., bur only the privation of the liberty of our legs to walke abour thoſe three
daies; andhis rather aneaſe thena puniſhmenr, for that we wanted rather reſt,then
much fiirring after ſo long and tedious a. journey as we had compaſſed-from Mexica
thither. Wewere no ſooner ſet ar liberty , but we ' preſently found, the Provincialh
and Prior ready to diſpole of us ſo, thatin lieu of our imprifonment. we might receive
honour and credit. Two were. ſent into the Country to learn - fome Tnd;an language,
thar ſo they tmight be beneficed and preach unto the Tydians. My ſelf and another de=
ſired to goe farther ro Gzatemala, that there we might praRiſe Philoſophy and Divi=
nity in-the famous Univerſity of that City. Nothing that we deſired was denied un-
to ns, only the timewas thought nor fit untill 2fichaethus ; becauſe thenthe ſchooles
were renewed, and new Orders ſetled. In the mean time the Provinciall baving alſo
heard of ry verſes 2x rempore to the Criolian Fryer,and knowing that the Latine rongue
is better grounded in Eng/and thenamong the Spariards.( who abuſe poor Priſciawand
daily break his pare-with fooliſh ſolecciſmes) and cenſidering the wanc be had of a
Maſter of the. Zarive tongue to ſupply a Lecture of Grammar andSyntax ro the
yourhes of Chiapa ina Schoole inthat Cloiſter; which broughr a ſufficientyearly-ſtipend;
unto the -Covent, deſired me to accept of that. place untill ſich rime ashe ſhould rake
care tb ſend ime to Guatemala, promiſing me all incouragements inthe mean time fits
ting, andthar Tſhould when Iwould go abour to ſee the Country (which Imuch. deſi-
xed) andalſo. thar out ofthe ſchoole annuity I ſhouſi? have my allowance for books 3
an

 
 

 

A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies,

and other neceſſaries. Icould not but accept of this good offer ; andſo with this imploy- l

ment I remained inthat City from Apr4l to the end of Seprember, where Lwas much

efteemed of by the Biſhop and Governour, bu eſpecially by the Prior, who-would neyer

ride about the Country for his recreation, burthe would take me with him; whereby 7

had occaſion to note concerning the Province, riches, commodities, and governiment.of

Chiapa, what in the enſuing Chapter I ſhall fairhfully commendunto the Prefle.
|
|

 

R 0 R D eH
Ch 35 XV;

Deſcribing the Country of Chiapa , with the cbief:ſtſiſſ Towns and Commodities
belonging unto it,

Hough Chiapa-in the opinion of the Spaniards be held to-be one-of \the poorelk
T Countries of America; becauſe init as yet there have been no mines diſcovered,
nor golden fands found in the rivers, nor any haven upon the South ſea,” whereby com-
modities are brought in and carried out, as to Mexico, Graxaca, and Guatemala z yet 1
may fay it exceedeth moſt Provinces in the greatnefſeand beauty of fair Towns, and
yeeldeth to noneexcept it be to Gaatemala ; nay it ſurpaſſeth allthe reſt of Americain
that one, and famousand moſt, populous Town of Chiapa of rhe-Tndiazs. And it ought
not to be ſo much {lighted by the Spaniards asitis, if they would look upon it as ſtanding
berween exicoand Gratemala,whoſe ftrength might beall Americaes trength,and whole
weaknefſe may prove dangerousto all that flouriſhing Empire, for the eaſy entrance
intoit by the river of Tabaſeo, or for its near joyning and-bordering unto Facatar.
Beſides, the commodities in itare ſuch asdo upholda conſtant- rrading and commerce a-
mongft the inhabitancs themſelves, and with other neighbouring Countries, and fromno
one part of Americedoth Spain get more Cechinilthen from one of the Provinces of
Chiapa ; the Towns alſo being great and populous, by their yearly pole rribute;do add

much tothe King of ,Zpaim revenues. .
This Country.is divided into three Provinces, to wit, Chizpa, Zeldates, and Zoquery
whereof Chiapait ſelf is the pooreſt. This contains the great Town of Chiapa of the Indi-
#ns, and all the Towns and farmes North-ward towards Magquilapa, and Weſt-ward the
Priory of Comitlan , which hath ſome ten Towns, and many farmes of Cartle, Horſes,and
Mules ſubje& unto it ; and neighbouring unto it lyeth the great valley of Capanabaſtla,
which is another Priory reaching- towards Soconuzco. This valley glorieth in the great
river, which bath its ſpring from the mountains called Cachxmatlanes, and runneth to
Chiapa of the Indians , and from thence to Tabaſco. It is alſo famous for the abundance of
fiſh which the river yeeldeth, andthe great ftore of Cattell which from thence miniſter
foodand proviſion both to the City of Chi.pa, and to all the adjacent Towns. - Though
Chiapathe City, and Comitlanas ſtanding upon the hils, be exceeding cold, yer this valley
lying low is extraordinary hor, and from Mayto Aichaelmas is ſubjed to great ftormes
andtempeſts of thunder and lightning. The head Town where the Priory ſtands, is called
Copanabaſtia,confiſting of above eight hundred 7-dian inhabitants.But grearer then this is
Txzquintenangoat the end of the valleyand at the foot of the mountains of Cxchumarlanes
Southward.. And yet bigger then this is the Town of St. Bartholomew Northwardat the
other end of the valley, which in length'is about fourty miles, and ten 'or twelve only 1n
breadth.. All the reſt of the Towns lie toward Soconuzce, and are yet hotter and more
ſubje& to.thunder and lightning, as drawing nearerunto the South ſea coaſt .Befides the
abundance of Cattell, the chief commoditie of this valley conſifteth in Corton-wooll,
whereofare made ſuch ftore of mantles for the Zudians wearing, thart the Merchancs far l
and near comefor them. They exchange them to Soconuzco and Xucharepegques for Cacas,
whereby they arewellſtored of thar drink; So thar rhe inhabitanrs want neither fiſh
(which they have from the river-) nor fleſh (for that the valley abounds: with
Cattell ): nor clothing (for of that rhey ſpare to others) nor bread, though nor of
whear,” for there growes none ; but Z»dian Maiz they have plenty. of; and belides they

are excecdingly ftored. with fowles and Turkeys,: fruits, Hony, Tobacco and Sugar-
canes.

 
 

A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies,

canes. Neither is mony here nor-in Chiapa ſo plentifull as in-exicoand Graxaca; and
whereas there they reckon by Patacones, or pieces of eight ; here they reckon by
Toſtones which are but halfParacones: Though the river be many wayes profitable
to thar valley, yeritis cauſe- of many dyſafters to 'the inhabirants, who loſe many
tihes their children, and their Calvesand Colts drawing neare tothe water-ſide,where
they are deyoured by Caymanes, which are many and greedy- of fleſh;by reaſon ofthe
many prizesthey have got. The Ciry of Chiapa Real, is one of.the meaneſt Cities in
all America, conliſting of not above four hundred houſholders Spaniards, andabour an
hundred houſes of 1ndians joyning to the City, and called el barrio de 1ot Indios, who
have a Chappell by themſelves. In this City there is no Pariſh Church; *bur only the
Cathedrall, which is mocher to all che inhabitants. Beſides, thereare two Cloiſters, one
of Dominicans, and the other of Franciſcans, and a poor Cloiſter of Nuns, which
are burdenſome enough to that City. But the Jeſuites having got no footing there
.(wvho commonly live in the richeſt and wealthieſt places and Cities)' is a ſufficient ar-
gument ofcither the poverty of that City,, or of want of gallant parts, .and- prodi-
gality in the gentry, fromwhoſe free and generous ſpirits they like Horſe-leeches are
Kill ſncking exrraordinaryand great almesfor the Colledges where they live : but bere
the Merchants arecloſe handed, and the Gentlemen hard, andſparing;wanting of wit
and Courtiers parts and brayery, and ſo poor Chiaps is held no fir place for Jeſuites.
'The Merchants chieftrading there is in Cacao, Cotron-wooll from -the adjacent parts
of the Country, in Pedlers fmall wares, andin ſome Sugar from about- Chiapa' of the
Tadians, ina little Cochinill; for commonly the Governour (whole chief gain conſi-
kerh in this ) will not ſiffer them ro be roo. free in this commodity } leſt'rhey hinder
his greedy traffique. Theſe have their ſhopsall rogether in a litcle Market-place before
the Cathedrall Church, built with walkes and Porches under which the poor 1ndian
wives meet at five a clock at evening to ſell what flap and drugges they can prepare moſt
cheap for the empty Criolian ttomachs. The richer ſort of theſe Merchants go and
ſend yer further to Tabaſco for wares from Spain , ſuch as wines, Linnen cloth, Figs;
Raiſins, Olives, andIron, though in theſe commodities they dare not - yenture too.
much, by reaſonthe Spaniards in that Country ate not very many; and thoſe that are
there, are fueh asare loath to open their purſes to more then what may ſuffice nature.S6
that what are Spani/s commoditiesare chiefly broughr for the Fryers who-are-the beſt
and jovialleſt blades of thar Country.” The Gentlemen of Chiapa are a by-word
all-about that Country, ſignifying great Dons ( doxes, gifts or abilitiesT-ſhould fay)
great birth, phantaſtick pride; joyned: with ſimplicity, -ignorance, miſery and, penu-
ry.  Theſe Gentlemen will ſay they deſcend from ſome Dukes houſe in- Spajn, and im-
mediately from the firſt Conquerors; yetincarriagethey are but clownes, in wit, a=
biliries, parts and diſcourſe'as ſhallow "brained, as a low brook , whoſe-waters are
ſcarceable to leap over a pibble ſtone z'any ſmall reaſonſoon tries and tires'their weak
brain, which is eaſily at a ftand when ſenſe is propounded; and flides on ſpeedily when
non-ſenſe carricth the ſtteam. * The.chief' families 'in this City , are-named, Correz,
Solis, Velaſco, Toledo, Zerna; and Mendoza- One - of theſe, who was thoughr the
chiefin my time, called Doz Melchor de Velaſeo, one day fellinto diſcourſe with me
concerning Exgland, and onr Zgliſþ nation, andinthe beſt, moſt ſerious and judici-
ous part of his Don-like conference, asked: me wherher the Sun and Moon in Eng+
land were of the fame colour as in Chiapa, and whether Engiiſmen went barefoor like
the 1n4:4azs, and facrificed: one another as' formerly did: the Heathens of* that Conn=
trey.? and whether all Ezg/azd could, affo:dfuch a dainty as a diſh of Frixoles (which
is the pooreſt 1:4iazs daily tood there, being black and dry Turkey or French beanes
boyled witha little biting Chille or 7:;az pepper with garlick,, till the 'broath be-
come as blackas any Inke) And whether the women in- E»gland went as long with
child, as did the Spaniſh women? And laſtly, whether -the Spayiſh nation were not @
far. gallanter nation thenthe' E-g/ifþ ? - When'I perceived my Don ran farther and
farther into his ſimpleand fooliſh queſtions, Icut him off fuddenly, telling him, Sir,Is
is long ſince Icame out of England,if you give me leave to recolle& my memory, Iwill
anſver ſomme of theſe your hard queſtions the next time we meet (thinking hereby to
try my Dons wit further,whether he could perceiveT jeared him.) To which my fſimple

Don replyed, I. pray Sir do, and whenſoever you come, you ſhall be-welcame to. a difk*

of Frixoles. Wih this I took my leave ofhim,and at our farewell he again-defired,
K2 mao

 
 

100 A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies,

me to ſiudy well h's queſtſons,— and to return him a ſpeedy anſwer, _wherebyI was more
confirmed in my conceit of my Do, that he was either 7oxt» or bobo , tool or limple. Yec
thought I my beſt way to anſwer is to anſwer a fool according to his folly, and1ſo reſolved
within two or three dayes to returnunto him ſome ſimple anfwer according to his ſimple
and fooliſhqueltions. Therefore ſpeedily I fingled out a good occation of meeting with
him at his own houſe, who welcomed me with much Spanz/þ gravity,and fitting down
before Downa Angela, his painted wife and Angel ; began to antwer, or more to jeer his
Donſhip. T began with the Sun and Moon,telling him that they were planers, and bad their
ſpeciall influences upon ſeverall nations, as all planets have upon mans body. And ſo
they did ſhew themſelves accordingto the inclination of the people of ſeyerall King-
domes. And therefore as the Spaxiards were much inclined to Veazs and to beaury,and
not contenting themſelyes with the naturall beauty of their fair Ladies, would yet
have Artaddto nature by the skill anduſe of the beſt painting colours ; ſo theſe glo-
rious planets of the Sunand Moon among_ the Spariards, and eſpecially in Chiapa,
ſhewed themſelves moK comely, brighr, -glorious and beaurifull , working the like in-
clination to beauty upon, andinall Spaniards. My infſtance was in the land of the |
Blackmores, where told them that their bodies were black, and that among them )
the Sun appeared with a dark and fad uſage. Here my Doz cried out ; An excellent
example. Igavehim yet a ſecond inſtance from the Eclipſe of the Suny which being
eclipſed, made all the Earth , mens facesand bodies ſeem of a darke, or yellow ce-
lour, to ſhew the proportion or ſympathy of ſublunary bodiesro that high and over-
maſtering planet. To this that good Doz replyed, /exnor noſe puede decirmas, fir, nothing
can be anſwered or faid moreor better. Vengames agora a Ingalatierra, Let us draw now
to England. To which Tanſwered him, that in Evg/and the Sun and Moon appeared
half year of onecolour, and halfofanother ; for the women one half year it appearedas
in Spainand: Chiapa , beautifull and glorious, for that naturally withour painting they
yeelded tonone 1n beauty. But the other half year it appeared as red as bloud, or
ſcarlet zand the reaſon might eaſily be gueſſedar, for that no Nation is more warlike
and high ſpirited then the E-g//, whole very clothes were fiery, wearing more ſcarlet
then any nationin the World; as he might perceive by their coming {o much with
their ſhips to the 7-d:an Coatts to fight with the Spanzards; and thar as they delighted
togoin red, and to be like the Sun, ſo naturally they were brought to thoſe Seas
to ſingle out ſuch ſhips as from America carried the rich Commodity of Chochinill,where-
of they make more uſe then Fpazy it ſelf to die their cloathsand Coats withall. Here
my Doz jogged his head, and replyed, 'Sir, I-chought no nation had been fo like the
Sun asthe Spaniards; for Thaveread that when our Anceſtors came to conquer theſe
parts, the Tadians called them, hyos del Sol, that is, ſons of the Sun, being comely and
gallant, and more like the Sun thenany other people. To thisT anſwered him. Sir,no
doubr but your are like the Sun here, and none more glittering and bright, your very
harbands ſhining with Pearls and Diamonds like the brightne[%: of che Sun; But as I
faid before the Blackmoresare like their Sun, ſo T fay, the Exgi;ſ is like their Sun, which
isred, andfo doand willaffe to wear Searlet, as long asany Cochin:ll is to be found in
the India's.

Now Doz elchor began to underſtand me, and told me, never man had
fatisfied him with better reaſons then my felf. He thanked - me heartily, and
told -me, he thonght no Gentleman in Chiapa could tell ſo well as himſelf now why
the E-g;h ſhips came ſo much upon their Coaſts; and that my diſcourſe had fatisfied
him tothe full. He deſired meto go on to-his other queſtions. To his ſecond de-
manding whether the Z-g/5/h went barefoot like the Jndians, I told him I chought
that the Count of Gondomar, ( who had been many years Ambaſſadour from Spaizin
Evgland) had fatisfied all the Spaniards that doubt, who coming from England to 244-
arid.; and being there asked by ſome Courtiers, whether London was as big as Madrid ,
ctand as well peopled; he made anfwer, that he thought there was ſcarcea hundred lefr
in Zoxgon: ,He proved it from the uſe and cuſtome of his own Countrymen of Spain;
who when they are to make a journey, ſhew themſelves two or three daies before in
Tolours ; walking with boots and ſpurs, that their friends may take notice that they
are departing out of the Town or City. -So faid the Count of Gondomar, 1 think by |
This thereareyery few Peoplein Zondon; for when Icame from thence T left them all
almoſt .in cloaths of colours, booted and ſpurred asready to depart andtake ſome
. journey

 

 

 
 

   

AN ews ſſurſiv@ſſſiof the Weſt-Indies. _ 1o1

————

 

yet Ifay, the Eng/iſh are fo far from going bare-foor, thar they go' booted , and
areall ina readineſſe to: moye out of England for any_nobleand generous deſigne; bur
above all they are ftill ready for America, where they- know is ſkore and. abundance
of Hides to make them Bootes to cover: the barenneſle of rheir legs , that they may
not be ſuſpected to be like bare-footed 1ndians. Here Do delchor xeplyed, I pray
fir, when they come by Sea to. theſe parts doe they, come ,alſo booted and {pur
red? . For I ſhould think, when they fight, cheir ſpurs ſhould hinder rhem. To
this his:doubt T anfivered firit, as concerning ſpurres in the ſhips, -with"the exampl(ſſ:
of one of his own Nation, and of the beſt Divines in Spaiz, living in my time in
Valladolid, called Maeſtro Nunno, (Reader of Divinity in, the Colledge' of St> Gre-
Lorie,, but .in his carriage and experience in' the World a. fimple-noddy ) who being
invited by a Nobleman to go with him in his Coach out of the Ciry a mile or two
to a garden of recreation, went haftily about the Colledge to borrow. boots and
ſpurs ; and when he had pur them on, being asked whither he wenr, -and why he pur on
boots and ſpurs, anſwered that he was to goina Coach out of the City, and thar he
thought the Coach and Mules would want fpurs to go and come the ſooner, Eyen fo my,
Don(quothT) the Exg/:f men come booted and ſpurredin cheir ſhips,to make their ſhi ps
fail on the ſwifter. And thisis the reaſon why the Eg1;/h ſhips fail faſter, and when they;
are infight turn abour quicker then a Span;/s Galeon, becauſe they are ſpurred and kicked
within. Ofir, Thumbly thank you (faid Doy Melchor) for that by your diſcourſe now I,
know the truth of what indeed T have often heard fay, thar the Englih ſhips are.
nimbler, and quicker at Sea then our heavy Galeons. Now as tfor fighting the EZngliſh
mens ſpurs (fdT) are no hinderance to them, bur rather; 2 great adyantage. For rhey
fight with weapons, with their hands and with their feer } wherein they exceed the,
Spaniards; for when they have ſhot with their pieces., or cur.down_ with their fwords.
any enemy, or knocked him with their holbards, then with: their feer. and ſpurs, they.
fall upon him, and ſo ſoon rid him ,out of the way., that he may.no. more riſe up
againſt them. All you haye told me ( faid the wiſe, Zelazeco) ftands; with ſo much
reaſon, .that my judgment is convinced by you.. As for eating and facrificing one
another like the 7:4ians (I told him ) that the E-g154 filled their bellies ſo well with
fat Beef and Mutton, Fowles, Rabbirs, Partridges and Pheaſants, that-they ;had no,
ſtomach ar all to mans fleſh. And thar truly for trixoles dreſſed with garlick, that only.
dainty diſh was wanting in Zngland;and that for Garlick, three reaſons moyed the Engliſh
not to be laviſhing of that lirtle they had; firſt, for fear they. ſhould wane it.for their,
horſes drenches; ſecondly, for that they felt.not themſelvesſo much troubled with the
wind, nor puffed up with windy and vain conceits as other nations did ; but thirdly and
chiefly they refrained from it among themſelves, that they mighr not ſimell of it, andthat,
by the ſent and ſmell of ic afar offat Sea they might when they come to the Coafſt of
America, ſmelout a Spanz/h ſhip, and knowit froma Hollander. Here my Don Melchor
fell into admiration, aſſuring me, he had never heard more ſolid reaſons from any man.
Alas poor Criolian of Chiapa ( thoughtT) if T had ſpoken' ſenſe, thy ſhallow brain
had not been able to have leaped over it, but after non-ſenſe thou art eafily carried a-
way. As for his laſt queſtion, Itold him that was above my.reach , for that.poor Fryers
ought not to meddle with women, neither had my mother ever rold me how long
ſhe went with me. But however' if Downa Ange/a would tell me how long ſhe
went with her children, I would by the confſtellations of the Heavens ſearch out againſt
our next meeting, how long the Engliſh women went with their children. To this my
Don Melchor anſwered that he would not trouble me to ftudy what he thought was .not;
belongins to my profeſiion ; but he knew that if Twould ftudy thar or any ,other hard
and difficult point, I could give him more and better fatisfaction then any ſcholar in
that City. = : :

_ And thus (Reader) by this Dow Zfelchors wit and ability would I have thee judge of
the Gentlemen Criolians or natives of Chiapa z and yer as preſumptuous they are and
arrogant, as if the nobleſt bloud in the Court of adridran through their yeines. It
is a common thing amongſt them to make a dinner only with a diſh of Frixzoles in black
broath boiled with pepper and garlick, faying it is the moſt nouriſhing, meat-.in all
the 1dia's; and after this ſo ſtarely a dinner they will be ſare to come our to the ftreet-,

dore of their houſes to ſee and to be feen, and there for-half an hour will chey ſtand
K3z ſhakins

—- -' *'- M _— . :
- D m C eTC

}ourney. And truly my Den ( quothf) your own Count hath—a*nſwſiſſered fþr—me_ſi
 

102 ſſſiſiſſifiſifl\Zew Survey of the Weſt-Indies. - |

ſhaking off the crums of bread from their cloaths, bands (but eſpecially from their
ruffes when they uſed them ) and from their muſtachoes. And with ' cheir rooth-pic-
kers they willſtand picking rheir teeth, asif ſome ſmall Partridge bone ſtuck in them ;
nay ifa friend paſſe by at thar time, they will be ſure to find our ſome crum or other
in their muſtacho(as if on purpoſe the crums of the table had been ſhaken upon their /

 

beards, thar the loſſe of them mighr be a gaining of- credit for great houſe-keepins )
atid they will be ſure to vent out ſome non-truth , as to fay, A Senvr que linda perdiz
he contido oy , O Sir, what a dainty Partridge haveleſiaſſt to day! whereas they picke
out nothing from their reeth but a black husk of a dry frixole or Turkey bean. Fhough
greatin bloud andin birth they fay they are, yet intheir imployments they are but
rich Graſiers, for moſt of their wealth conſitteth 'in farmes of Cattell and Males.
Some indeed have Towns of Tadians fubject unto .them , whereof they are called En-
comendero's, and receive yearly from every 7zd5ay a certain Pole tribute of fowles
and money. They have moſt cowardly ſpirits for War , and though they will fay ,
they would fain ſee Spaiz , yet they dare not venture their lives ar Sea ; they judge
fleeping ina whole skin the beſt maxime for their Criolianſpirits. One hundred figh- ;
ting Souldiers would eafily lay lowthoſe Chiapa Deoxs , and gain the whole City, which
lieth ſo open to the fields, that the Mules and: Affes come in and grafe, theftreets being
very commodious to entertain Affes from wirhin, and fromwithout. Yetin this City li-
verh commonly a Governour, or Alcalde Major, and a Biſhop. The Goyernours place is
of no ſmalleſteem and intereft, for that his power reacherh far, and he tradeth much
in Cacao and Cochimil, and domineers over both Spaxiards and Tudiaps at his will and
pleaſure. Bur iff gotten goods never thrive, as was ſeen in Don Gabriel de Orellana
( Governour of this City and Countrey in my time-) who having ſent the worth of
eight rhouſand crownes in Cochinil, Cacao, Sugar, and Hides by the river of Taba-
fſeotowards the Havana loſtit allinto the hands of the Holandtrs, who doubtlefſe knew
how to make better uſe ofit, then would have done that tyrannizing Governour. The
Biſhops place of that Giry is worthat leaft eight thonſand duckats 4 year, which truly, he
had need of that comes {0 farfrom"Spazzto live in ſach a City where are ſuch able Donr,
as Don Melchiy de Velaſto, and'where Alſes are ſo freely fed and bred: Moſt of this Bi=

 

ſhops revenues conlifteth in great offerings which he yearly receiveth from the great 1y-
dian Towns, going out to them oncea year to confirme their children, whoſe confits
mation is ſuch a 'means to'confirme and ftrengthen the Biſhops revennes, thar nohe
muſt be confirmed by him who offer not a fair white Wax-candle, with a ribban and
at leaſt four Rials. T have ſeen thericher ſort offer him a Candle of at leaſt fix pound
weight with two yards of twelve penny ' broad” ribban, and the Candle Ruck frorh
thetop to thebortome with ſingle Rials round/ about. Nay the poor 1»di4ns make it
the chief maſter piece of their yanity ro offer proudly in ſuch occaſions. Dozw Benars
dino de Salazar was the Biſhop of this City inmy time , who defired my, company to
ride with him hiscircuit but one moneth, about the Towns near to Chiapa, and in this
time T was appointed by him to hold the bafin wherein the Spaniards and Tndians
(whileſt he confirmed their children ) did caft their offerings, which my Klfe and' a-
nother Chaplain did alwayes tell-and'calt up by good' account before we carried the
mony up into his chamber,, andTfound rhar at our return-at the moneths end he had
received' one thouſand and ſix hundred duckats of only offerings,, beſides the fees
due to him for viſiting the ſeverall compariies, or ſodalities and confraternities belon-
g1ing to the Sainitsor ſoules in their Purgatory ( whichare extraordinary rich there )
whereofhe andall other Biſhops' in their diftti& take account yearly. This Biſhop was
(asall thereſt are there) ſomewhat covetous; bur otherwiſe a man of a temperite
bfe and converſation, very zealous to reforme whatſoever abuſes commitred in the
Church,, which coſthim his life beforeT departed from Chiapa'to Guatemala. The wo=
men of that City it ſeems pretend much weakneſſe and {quemiſhneſſe of ſtomach,
which they fay isſo great , that they are not able to continue in the Church while a
Maſſe is briefly hudled over,much lefſe while a ſolemn high Maſſe (as they call it) is ſung,
and a Sermon preached, unlefſe they drink a cup of hot Chocolatte,, and eat a bit of
ſweet-meats to ſtrengthen their ſtomachs.  For this purpoſeit was much uſed by them
to make their maids bring to them to Churchin the middle of Maſſe or Sermon a cup
of Chocolatte, which could nor be done to all, or moſt of them withour a great
confuſion andinterrupting both Maſſeand Sertmon, The Biſhop perceiving this abuſ::!
an

 
 

and having given faire warning for the omitting ofit,  but all without amendment:
thought fit 20 fix in writing upon the Churches dores an excommunication againſt auſi
ſuch as ſhould preſumear the time of ſerviceto eat or drink within the Church. . This
excommunication was taken by all, but eſpecially by the Gentlewomen much to hearr:
who proteſted if they might-not eat or drink in rthe Church, they could not continueſi
ih it tro hear what otherwiſe they were bound unto. The chief of them knowitig
what great friend{hip there was between the Biſhop and the Prior, and my felf , came
to the Prior and me defiring us to uſe all means we could with the Biſhop f6r
the revoking that his excommunication ſo heavily laid apon them;and threatnitig their
ſoules with damning judgement for the violation of it. The $60d Prior and'my felfe
laboured all we could, alleadging the cuftome of the Country , the weaknefſe of the
ſex whom.it moſt concerned, andalſs the weakneſſe of their tomachs, the conterpe
that might from them enſte unts_his perſon, and many inconveniences which might
follow tothe breeding of an uproar in the Church and in the City, whereof we had fome
probabſe conjecture from whar already we had' heard from ſome, But none of; theſe
reaſons would niove the Biſhop; to which he anſwered that he preferred the honour 6E
God, and of his houſe before his own life. - The women feeing him fo hard to be in-
treated, began to ſtomach him the more and to ſleight him with fcornfull and e-
proachfull 'words ;. others fleighted his excommunication,, drinking in iniquity in
the Church , asthe fiſh doth warer, which canſed one day fuch an uproare in the Caz
thedrall, that many fvords were- drawn againſt the Prieſts and' Prebetids, who at-
rempred to take away from the maids the cups of Chocolatte, which they bronght
unto their miſtreſſes, who at laſt ſeeing that. neither fair nor foul means would' pre-
vailwith the Biſhop, reſolved to forſake the Cathedrall', where the Biſhops own' and
his Prebends eyes mnlt needs be watching over them ;  and 16 froin thar time' rioft of
the City berook themſelyes to the*Cloitter ' Churches, where by the Nans and. Fryers
they were not troubled nor reſfiſted, though' fairly counſelſed to obey' the' eommarid
of the Biſhop ; whoſe rame now they coutd not brook, and to whoſe Prebends' they
denied nowall fiich Yelief and Ripend for Maſſes which formerly they' had uſed to/ bes
fow upon them , conferringthem all uponthe Fryers, who grew richby the poor' itfts
' poveriſhed Cathedrall.  This laſted not _long, but the Biſhop' began ro- ſtomach rhe
Fryers, and toſet up another excommunication, binding all the' City to reſort unts
their owt Cathedrall Church ; which the women' would not obey, but kept: rheir
houſes for, a whole moneth ; in which time the Biſhop fell dangerouſly ſick,anddeſired
£6 retire himſelf to the Cloiſter of Dominicans, for the great' confidence. he' had* in
the Prior that he would take cate of him'in his fickneſſe.  Phyfitians were ſent for far-
and near, whoall with a joynt opinion agreedrhat rhe Biſhop was poiſoned; and he
himſelf doubred not of it at his death, praying unto God to forgive thoſe thar had beer!
the cauſe of it, and to accept” of that facrifice of his' life, which he'was willing to.of
fer for the zeal of Gods honſe and honour. - He lay notabove a week in-the* Cloiſter,
and as ſoon as he was dead, all his body, hishead and face did fo fivell, thar the leaft
touck uponany part of him'cauſed' rhe skin to break andcaſt ont whice matter, which
had corrupted and overflown all his body. A: Gentlewoman- with whom T was well
acquainted in thar City, who was nored to be ſomewhar too familiar with one of
the Biſhops' Pages, was commonly ceniſured to have preſcribedſach a cup of Chocolatte
to be miniſtred by the Page, which poiſoned himi who: ſo rigorouſly had forbidden
Chocolatre to be drunk'in the Church. My felf heard this Gentlewomanfay of the de-
ceaſed Biſhop, that ſhe thought feiv grieved for his death;and'thatthe womten had no rea-
ſon to grieve for him, and thar ſhe judged, he being ſuch an'enemy to Chocolatte in the
Church , that which he had drunk at home in his houſe had' not agreed with his body.
Andit became afterwards a Proverbe in- that Country, Bewate'of the Chocolatte of
Chiapa ; which made me fo cautious, that T would not drink afterwards of it in any
houſe, where T had not very great fatisfaction of the whole Family. The'women of
this City are ſomewhar light'in their carriage, and have learned from the Devill many
enticing lefſons and baits ro draw poor ſouls to finne and damnation ; andif they can-
not have their wils,they will ſurely work revenge either by Chocolatte or Conferves, or
ſome fair prefenr, which ſhall ſurely carry death alogg with it. The Gentlewoman
that was ſuſpected .(nay was queſtioned for the death of the Biſhop) had often uſed to.
fend me boxes of Chocolatte or Conſerves; which I willingly received from her, judgs-

ing

 

 
 

104, A New Survez of_tbe We_ſt-lndies.

 

 

ingit to be a kind of gratuity for the painsTtook in teaching her fon Larine. She was
ofa very merry and pleaſant diſpoſition, which I thought might conſiſt withour in
unr ill one day ſhe ſent unto me a very fair plantin wrapped up un. a handkerchicf, buri-
edin fiveet Jazmines. and roſes; when I untied the handkerchief, Ithought among the
flowers. I ſhould find ſome rich token, or ſome pieces of cighr,but finding nothing but
a plantin, I wondred ; and. looking further upon it, 1 found worked upon it with a
knife the faſhion of a heart with two of blind Cupids arrows. fticking in 1t, diſcovering
unto. my beart the poiſoned heart and thoughts of the priſoner thar ſent. it. I thoughe
ira good warning, to. be wary and cautious of receiving more preſents or Chocolatte
from ſuch hands, and ſo returned unto her again her plantin with this ſhort. rime .cut
out with a knife upon. the skin fruta tam fria, amar no cria, as much as to fay, fruit
ſo cold , takes no hold. This anſwer and reſolution of mine” was foon {ſpread. over
thar little City,, which made my Gentlewoman outragious, which preſently ſhe ſhewed
by taking away her ſon from. Schoole, and in many meetings theatned to play me
a Chiapaneca trick; But Iremembred the Biſhops Chocolatte and ſo was wary,and ſtaid
* -not long after in that poiſoning and.wicked City, which truly deferves/ no better rela-

tion. then what Thave given of the ſimple Doxs, and the Chocolatte-confetioning }

 

 

 

 

Donna's.

. Thereis yet twelve leagues from this City.of Chiapa, another Chiapa which deſerveth
hetrer commendations. This conliſteth.moſt of 7:d;ans, and is held to_be one of the
biggelſt.7adian Towns inall America, containing at leaft four thouſand families. This
Town hath many priviledges from:the King of Spain, and is governed chiefly by Tadians
(yet with ſubordination unto the Spariſs. government of the City of Chiapa) who do
chooſe an Tydian Governour with other inferiour officers to rule with him. This Gover=
nour may wear a rapier and dagger, and enjoyeth many other liberties.which to the reſk
ofthe 1:dians are denied. No Town hath ſo many, Doxs in it of adian bloud as this.
Don Philip de Guzman was Governour ofit in my time, a very rich 7ydiay,, who kept up
commonly in hisſtable a dozen of as good Horſes for publick ſhewes, and oftentationas
the beſt Spaxiardin the Countrey. His courage was not-inferiour to any Spaniard, and
for defence of ſome priviledges of his Town ſued in the; Chancery of Guatemala the
proud. and high minded. Governour of the City of Ch:apa, ſpending therein grear ſums
of money till he had overcome him,whereupon he cauſec{.a feaſt to be made in the Town,
both by water and land, ſo ftately, that truly.in-the Court of 27adrid it might, have been
acted.

This Town lyeth upona great river, whereunto: belong many boats, and Canoas ,
wherein thoſe 1zdians have been taught to a& ſea-fights , with great dexterity, and
ro repreſent the Nymphes of Parnaſſus, Neptune, «/£olus,and the refſt of the heatheniſh
Godsand Goddeſſes, ſo that they are a wonder of their whole nation. They will arme
with their boats a fiege againſt the Town, fighting againſt it with ſuch courage till they
make it yeeld, asif they had been trained up all their life to ſea-fighrs. So likewiſe
within the Town they are as dexterous at baiting of buls, at jzego ds Cannas, at Horſe=
races, at arming a Campe, at all manner. of Spa;/ dances, inftruments, and mu-
fick,as the beſt Spaniards. They will ere& Towers and Caſtles made of wood and pain-
red cloth, and from them fight either with the boats or one againft another, with ſquibs,
darts, and: many ſtrange fire-works, ſo manfully, that if in earneſt they could per-
form it as wellasthey do it in ſport and paſtime, the Spaniards and Fryers might ſoon
repent to haye taught them what they have. As for aGting of playes, this is a common
part, oftheir ſolemne paſtimes ;. and they are ſo generous, that they think nothing too
much to ſpend in banquets and ſweet-meats upon their Fryers, and neighbouring Towns,
whenſoever they are minded to ſhew themſelves in a publick feaſt.. *The Town is very
rich,and many 1-dians init that trade about the Countrey as the Spaniards do.They bave
learned moſt trades befitting a Commonwealth, and praciſe and-reach them within
their Town. They want not any proviſion of fiſh or fleſh,having for the one that great
river joyning unto their Town, and for the other many Eltantia's ( as they call them.}
or farmes aboundins with Cattell. In this Town the Dominican Fryers bear all the
fway, who have arichand ftately Cloiſter with another Church or Chappel ſubordi-
nate unto it. The heat here is ſo great, that both Fryers and Zdians commonly wear a
linnen towel about their necks to wipe up the conſtant ſeat from their faces, which ma-
keth the Priers ſir longer at their dinner then els they would do,for that at every bit they
eat,

 
 

 

 

A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies. -
eat,, anddraught they drink, they are tfain to make a itop ro wipe their dropping
browes. Yet the eveningsare treſhand cool, which are much made of there, and ipenc
in the many walkes and gardens which joyne cloſe unto the River fide. Two or three
leagues from the Town, thereare two 1genio's or Farmes of Sugar, the one belonging
ro the Cloiſter of the Dominicans ofthe Ciry of Chiapazthe other unto the Cloiſter of this
Town, which contain near two bundred Blackmores, belides many 1:d;ans, who are
imployed in that conſtant work of making Sugar for all the Country. | Hereabours are
bred great ſtore ofMules, and excellent horſesfor any: ſervice. ' The Town of Chiapa
of the 1naians, andall che Towns about it wanc nothing bur a more remperate climate
and cooleraie, and Wheat, which there cannot be ſowne, yet for Spaniards and fuch
25 cannot live without it, 'it is brought from Chzapa of the Spaniards and from gbour
Comitlan z yet this is not generally acknowledged a want by reaſon of the great plenty
of Majz,which allthe Towns enjoy , and which is now more uſed both by Spariards
and dainty toorhed Fryers then bread of Wheat. Yer your poor Spanzards, and ſome
Trdians who have gotthe trick of trading from rhem do gain not a lirtle in brings-
insto theſe Towns biskets of wheaten bread, which though ir be dry and hard, yſigc
becauſe they are Novelties to the 1ndians; they ger by changing them for other. com-
modiries, eſpecially of Cotton-wooll, which here is more abounding then in the Valley
of Cop.nabaſtian.

Upon chis Country of Ch:apa of the 7ndians bordererh the Province of Zogaes, which
is abſolurely the  richeſt part of Chiapa. This reacherh on the one fide to Tabaſeo,
and by the River named Grijalva ſenderh commonly the Commodiries which are in it
with fafety unto St. Fohn de Vlhua, or Vera Cruz." It trafiquerh alſo with the Country
of 7xcatan by the Haven called Pzerto Real, which lyerh between Grijalva and 7uca-
tay. Yertheſe two, the River of Tabaſco, alies Grijalva,and Paerts Real, though they
be commodiousto this Province of Zoques, yet they' are cauſes of daily feares unto
the- Spaniards, who well know the weaknefle of them , and thar if a forain Nation
ſhould manfully thruſt into that Country by any of theſe two wayes, they might ſo
conquer all Chiapa, and; from, thence paſle eafily unto Gzatemala. But the River of Ta-
baſcolying low,and being ſomewhar hot, and the Towns abour it infeſted. wirh many
gnats,and the chiefeſt commodiry there being bur Cacas; have oftendiſcouraged both our
Engliſhand Hollanders , who have comeup ſome part of the River, and minding more the
foreſaid reaſons, then what was forward to be had, have rurned- back, lofing a rich
Country and ſlighting an eternall name, for few and frivolous: preſent difficulcies. | In
this Proyince of Zoques, the Townsare not very big,-yer they be very rich ; the chief
Commodities are Silk and Cochinill 3 whereofthe latter is held the beſt of America, and
the ſtore of itſo great that no.one Province alone exceeds it. Few 7247axs there are who
have not their Orchards planted with' the trees whereon the worms bread which yeeld
unto- usthat rich Commodity ; not that the 1zd5ans themſelyes eſteem otherwiſe of ir,
thenas they ſee the Spaniards greedyatter it, offering them mony forit,and forcing them
t0 the preſeryation of it inthoſe parts, which haye proved mott ſucceſſefull for rhis kind,
Thereis a great ftore'of {ilkein this Country, in ſo much that the'Z2diazs make ic their

reat Commodity to imploy-their wives in:working Towels with all colours of filk,
which the: Spaniards. buy,-and fend-into! Spain. It is rare'to; fee whar works thoſe
Tndiai women: will make infilk; ſuch as mighr feryefor Patterns and ſamplers to ma-
ny Schoolzmiſtreſſesin Exglard.  The : people of this Country are witty and ingeni-
ous; and. fair of complexion ;/ the-»Country rowards Tabaſeo is hot, but within in
ſome places wery cold:- -Thereisalſo plenty of 244iz, but no wheat ; neither is rhere
fuch plenty-of Cattellas about Chiapa, but Fowles and Tnrkies as many as in other
parts.  The Province called Ze/dales lyerhibehind this of the”.Zoqzes,” from.the North
Sea withinthe continent, runtiing up towards Ch;.pa; and reacheth in ſome partsnear to
the borders of Comirlannorth-weſtward:. South-eaſtward it joynsto ſuch Zudians which
as yet have not been conquered by the Spaniards; whomake many invaſionsupon the
Chriſtian 1ndiazs, and burntheir Towns; and:carry away their Carttell. The' chief and
head Towninthis Province is called Ococingo, which is a Frontier againſt thoſe Heathens.
This Proyinee- is efteemedrich for the Spaniards,who make much of Cacao, which ſeryerh
to make their drink of Chochalatte,and here is great ſtore of ir.There is alſo:another Come
modity, great-among the.Spanzards, called Achiotre, wherewith they make their Choce-
latte look. of the colour of abrick. Hereis alſo plenty af.Hogs and Bacon, Fowles,

 

Turkies,

05 _ſſ

 

 

 

 
 

106 A New Survey of the Welt-Indies.

 

Turkies, Quailes, Catrell,Sheep,Maiz, Hony, and nor far from Ococingo, in my rime was
ſerting upon an 12genio,or Farm of Sugar,which was thought would proveaswell asthoſe
about Chiapa of the Indians. The Country in moſt partsis hxgh_and hilly ; bur Ococingo
ſands ina pleaſant Valley, injoying many Brooksand ſh_'eam.s of freſh water, and there-
fore hath been thoughr a fit place tor Sugar.  Here alſoin thisvalley the Fryers have at=
rempred to ſow Wheat, which hath proved very good.. ThusReader,Thave ſhewed you
the Country of Chiapa, which asit is compaſſedabout onthe one ſide- by Soconuzco, and
from thence almoſt to Gzatemala, by the Province of Suchntepeques, on the other fide by
Tabaſco,and onthe other ſide by Zeldales withexceflive plenty of Caca»and Achiotte,voch:
are the chief drugs for the making of Checolatre; Lwill yer beforeIdepart from Chiapa to
Guatemala, fay ſomewhar of that drink ſo much uſed by the Spariards, and in my Judge-
ment not to be ſleighted, but rather to be publiſhed and made known to-all: Nations ,
whoſe uſe might remedy the great abuſe of winesand trong drinks which too-much are
eſfteemedamong{tus here in Exrope.

 

Cuar. XVI,

Concerning two daily andcommon Drinkes, or Potions muth uſed.in the India's,
called Chocolatte, and Atolle,

Hocolatte being this day-uſed not- only over all the zywef-7:dia's, but alſo in
C Spain, Ttaly,, and Flanders, with approbation of many learned DoRors in
Phyſick, among whom Artonio Colmenero of Ledeſma; (who lived'once in the Ins
4:a's ) bath compoſed a learned and'curious Treatiſe concerning the nature and quality
of this drink ; T thought fit to.inſerthere alſo ſomewhat ofir concerning my own expe-
rience for the ſpace of twelve years. -: This name Chocolatte is 'an Tnd;an name; and is
compounded from Atte, as ſome-ſay, or as others, Arle, whichin the Mexicay language
lignifieth water, and from the found which the water ( wherein is pur the Chocolats
te) makes, as Choco, Choco, Choco, whenit is ftirred ina cup by an inſtrument called a
Molinet, or Molinillo, untill it bubbleandriſe ugto a froath. » And as thereitisa name
compounded, fo in Exg/iſs we may well call ita compounded or a confeRioned' drink
wherein are found many andſeverall Ingredients ,” according to the differentdiſpoſition
of the Body of them that uſeit.  But the chief Ingredient (without which it*cannor be
.made) is called Cacao, a kind of Nut or kernell bigger thena great Almond, which
growes upona tree called thetree of. Cacao , and ripens in-a' great huske , wherein
Jometimes are found more, ſometimes leſfe Cacao's; ſomerimes twenty, ſomerimes thirs
ty, vay forty andaboye. This Cacao, though- as every ſiniple it contains the quali=
ty of the four Elements,-yet in the common opinion of moſt Phyſitians, it is held to
be cold anddry, 2 predonzimio; Ttis alſo in the ſubftance that rules theſe two qualis

ties,reſtringent and obſtrutive,oof the nature of the Elemenr of the earch.And asit is thus -

a mixed, and not a ſimple Element, it hath parts correſpondent to the reſt ofthe Ele=
ments; and particularly it partakes of rheſe: which correſpond with the Element of
Aire, that 15 heatand moiſture, which are governed by 'untious parts; there being
drawnout of the Cacao much Butter, which in the 1»ia's Thave ſeen'drawn out of it
by the Criolian women for to oint their faces. And ler not' this  ſeem impoſlible to
believe, that this grain or-Nut of Cacao ſhould- be faid ro'be firft cold and dry,
and then hot and moiſt; for though experience be- a thouſand witnefles, yet inftan-
ces will further clear this truth; and firit in the Rubarbe, which hath in it hor and
ſoluble parts,/and parts: which: are binding,-cold-and \dry,; which have 'a virtue to
ſtrengthen, bind and ſtop the looſeneſſe of the' belly. Secondfy, we ſee this clearly
in theſteel, which having ſo-much ofthe nature of the earth; as being heavy,thick; cold,
and dry, ſhould be thought unproper- forthe-curing of Opplilations; bur rather to be
apt t0 increaſe them ; and'yet itis given for a proper remedy againft them. -The aus
thority of Gale may further clear this in the third-book' of the Qualities of fim-
ples, where he' teacheth that almott all thoſe medicines, which to our. ſenſe ſeem

to

 
A NewSurvey of tbeW;:ſt]ndles E 107 | ||

 

 

to be.ſimple, are notwithſtanding naturallycompounded,containingin themſelves con-
trary qualities,that is ro-fay, a quality ro-expell, andto-rerain,rto icrafface and 'to ex-
renuate, 0 rarifie andto.condenfe. And inthe fitteenth/Chaprer following in the ſame
book, he puts an example ofthe broth ofa-Cock, whichmoves the'belly, and che fleſh
hath chevirtue to binde,/ Yetfurther thatchis differing wireue. and :quality.4s 'found-in
divers ſubſtances, or parts of fimple medicaments, he ſhewes 1n rhe tirttbook of bis ſimple
medicines in the ſeyenteenrh Chaprer, bringing the example:of milke, in which rhree
ſubſtances arefound and ſeparated, tharisro-lay, the fubſtance of cheeſe, which hath rhe
virtueto ſtop the flux ofthe belly ;and che ſubitances of whay,” which' is purgins, and
butter.asit.is exprefſed Chap.15 Alſo we finde in wine which isinthe Muſt,three fubltar.
ces,that-isto fay,earth, which is the chief zanda thinner ſubſtance, which is the' flower,
and may, be called the fcum, or froarh z anda-third-ſubitance. which we properly call
wine; and every one of theſe ſubſtancescontainsin it ſelf divers/qualities and virtues, in
thecolour, in the ſmell, andin other accidents; ? :

And thisis very comformable to-reaſon, ifwe confider-thar everyalimenr;be it never
ſo ſimple, begets andproduceth in rhe liver four humours',” not only differing in tem=
per, bur alſo inſubſtance z-and begets more or leſſe of thar- humour, according as the
aliment hath more or fewer - parts correſponding ro-the; fubſtance- of that humour
whichis moſt ingendred.” From which examples we may gather tharwhen the Cacao is
grindedand ſtirred,the divers parts which nature hath given'it, do artificially and inti-
mately mixethemſelves one wirh anotherz andſo the un&nous, warme; and moiſt parts
mingled with the earthy repreſſeth, and leaveth them not ſo binding,as theywere before:
but rather with a mediocrity, more inclining to the warme, and moiftcemper ofrhe aireſi
then to the cold and dry of the earth ; as.it doth appear, whenit is made fir to drink, chaE
ſcarce two turnsare giyenwith the Moliner, when thereariſeth a farty:ſcum, by which is
ſeen, how much it partaketh of the oyly part. Sothar fromall that hath"been faid, -the
error of thoſe is well diſcovered, who ſpeaking of this'drink-of Chocolarte, fay, that it
cauſerh oppilations, becauſe Cacaois aſtringenr ; as ifrhataftriftion were'nor. corretted
and modified by the intimare mixing of one part with another, by means of the grinding,
asis faid before. Beſides it having ſo manyingredients,whichare naturally hor,ir muſtof
neceſſity have this effe&t, that is to fay,ro open,attenuare, and notto binde- And leaving
aſide more reaſons, this truthis evidently'ſeen in the 'Cacao-it ſelf ; which if it be nor
ſtirred, grinded and compounded to make 'the Ghocolatte;; bur be eaten. asit isinthe
fruit(as many Criolian and 4»dian women eat it) it dorh notably obſtru&t and cauſe
Roppings, and makethem look of a broken, pale andearthy colour, as do thoſe that eat
earthen ware, as pots, or pieces of lime-wals ( which is much uſed amongft the Spaniſh
womenthinking that paleandearthy colour, though with obftructions and ftoppings,
well becomes them ) and for this certainly/ in the Cacao thus earen there is no other
reaſon, bur thar the diversſubſtances which it contains, are not perfetly mingled by
the maſtication only , bur require the arrificiall mixture , which we have ſpoken of
before.

The tree which doth bear this fruit, is ſo delicate, and the earth where it groweth
ſoextream hot, rhat/to keep the rree from being conſumed by the Sun, they firlt
plant ocher trees, which- they call, 1as Madres del Cacao, mothers of the Cacao; and
when theſe are grown up to 2 good height fit to ſhade the Cacao trees, then they plant
the Cacaorals, or the trees of Cacao ; that when they firſt ſhew themlelves above the
ground, thoſe trees, whichare already grown may ſhelter them , and_as mothers nou-
riſh, defend, and ſhadow them from the Sun; and the fruir doth not grow naked.,
bur many of them: ( asThavefaid before') arein one great huske or cod, and therein
beſides every grain is cloſed up in'a white juicy skin, which the women alſo-love to ſuck
off from the Cacao, finding it cool, andin the'mouth difſolving into- water.. There.
aretwo-ſorts of Cacao z the one is common, which is of a' darke colour inclining to-
wards red;being round and peekedat the ends ; 'the other is broader, and bigger, and
fatrer, and not {o round, which they call, Patlaxre, andthisis whire, and more drying,
and is ſold a great deal cheaper thenthe former. And this eſpecially , _more then the
other , cauſeth watchfulnefſe ; and drives away fleep, and thereforeisnot ſo uſefull as
the ordinary; nd is chiefly ſpent by the ordinary and meaner ſort of people. As for
the reſt of the ingredients which make this Chocolatricall confeRtion, there is notable.
variety z for ſome put into it black Bepper, which is not well aſipprove& af by thfifſſ?h}'ct

$La8s,

 

 

 
 

 

 

108 A J\Cſſew Survey of the W eſt-Indies.

: ſi;ja}ſis, beeauſeir is ſo hot and dry, bur only for one who hatha very'cold liver; bur

commonly in tead of this Pepper, they pur into it longred Pepper, called Chile, 'which
though it be hot in the mouth, yeris cool and moiſt in the operation. ' It'is further
compounded with white Sugar, Cinnamon, Clove, Anniſeed, Almonds,,” Haſel|-
nuts, Orcjuela, Bainilla, Sapoyall, Orenge flower water, ſome Muske, and as-much : of
Achiorte, as will make it 1ook of the colour of ared brick. But how much'of each
of theſe may be applyed roſuch a quantity of Cacao, the ſeverall diſpoſitions of mens
bodies muſt be their rule. - The ordinary receipt of Antonio Colmeyero was this; To'e-
very hundred Cacao's, two cods of Chile, called long red Pepper, one handfull of
Anniſeed and 0rejzela's, and two of the flowers called Mechafuchil, 0r Bainilla', or in-
ſtead ofthis fix roſes of Alexandria, beat'to powder, two drams of Cinnamon, of
Almonds and Haſel-nurs, ofeach 'one dozen : of white Sugar half a pound; of Achi-
otte, .enough to giveit the colour. This Author thought neither Clove, nor Musk ;
nox any ſweet water fit, but in the 79dia's they are much uled: Ochers uſe to put"in
Maz, or Paziſo, which is very windy,- but ſuch do ir only for their profir, by in-
creaſing the quantity of the Cocolatre ; becauſe every fanega or meaſure of Maiz con-
raining abour a buſhel anda half,is fold for eight ſhillings, and they thar ſell Chocolar=
re, ſell it for four ſhillings a pound, which is the ordinary price.” The Cinnamon is held
one of the beſt ingredients, and denied by none, for that it is hot and dry in the third
degree, it provokes urine, and helpes the kidneys and reines of thoſe who are troubled
with cold diſcaſes, and it is good for theeyes, and in effect it is cordiall, as appeareth by
the Author of thele verſes,

Commuda & wrine Cinamonum & renibus! affert.
Lumina. clarificat, dira venena fugat.

The Achiotte hath a piercing, atrenuating quality,as appeareth by the common praQice
of the Phyſitians of the7ndia's,experienceddaily in the effes of it , who do-giveit ro
rheir Patients to.cut and attenuate the groſſe humors, which do caufe ſhortneſſe of
breath, and ſtopping of urine:-and fo it-is uſed:for any kind of oppilations, and is
given for the ſloppings which are inthe breaft, or in the region of the belly,or any other
part of the body. This Achiorrealſo groweth upon a tree inround huskes,which are ful
of red graines, from whence the 4chiorte is raken, and firſt madeinto a paſte, and then
being dried up, is faſhioned either into round bals or cakes, or into'the forme of little
brickes, and ſois ſold. As concerning the long red Pepper there are' four ſorts of it ;
one is colled Ch:/chores 4 the other is very little, which they call Chilterpiz,” and theſe
two, kinds are yery quick and biting. - The other twoare called, Tonalchiles, and theſe
, are but moderately hot, for they are eaten with bread bythe 1ndians, as they cat other

fruits. But that which is uſually pur into Chocolatre, is calld Chilpaclagua, which harh
a broad huke, and is not ſo biting asthe firſt,nor ſo gentleas the laſt. The Mechaſuchil,
or Bainilla hath a purgative quality. All theſe ingredients are uſually put into the
Chocolatte,and by ſome more, according to their fancies. But the meaner ſort of people,
as Blackmores and Indiavs, commonly put nothing into ir,bur C, acao, Achiotte, Maiz,and
a few Chiles witha little Anniſeed, And though the Cacaois mingled with all theſeingre-
dients, which are hot ; yer thereis to be a greater quantity of Cacao, then of all the reſt
of the ingredients, which ſeryetoremper the coldneſſe. of the Cacao; from whence it
followeth thar this Chocoſatticall confe&ion isnot ſo cold as the Cacao, nor ſo hotas the
reſt of the ingredients, bur there reſults from the aion and reaQion of theſe ingredienrs,
a moderate temper, which may be good, both for the cold and hot Romachs,being taken
moderately. ; :

Now for the making or compounding of this drink, I ſhall ſet down here the
method; The Cacao, and the other ingredients muſt be beaten in a morter of ftone,
or (asthe. 1ndians uſe ) ground upona broad ſtone, which they call erate, and is only
made for thar uſe. But firit the ingredients are all to be dried, 'except the Achiorte, with
care that they may be beaten to powder, keeping them Rill in flirring ; that they be
not. burnt, or become black ; for if they be-overdried,; they will be bitter, and loſe”
their virtue. - The Cinnamonand the longred pepper are to be firſt beaten, with the
Anniſced, andthen the Cacao, which muſt he beaten by little and little, rillit be all pow-
dred; andin the beatingir muſt be turned round, thar it may mixe the better. Every
one oftheſe ingredients muſt be beaten by ir ſelf; and then all be pur into the veſſell,
where the Cacagis, which you mukt ſtir rogether wich a ſpoon, and then take out t}fiac

 
 

A New Survey of the Weſt-Indies. - 109

paſte, and pur it into the morter, under which there muſt be a litcle fire, after the con-
te&tion is made, but ifmore fire be put under then will only warm ir, then the unu-
ous part will dry away. The Achiotrealſo muſt be pur in inthe beating, thar ir may the
better take the colour. Allthe ingredients mult be ſearced, fave only the Cacao, and
iffrom the Cacao the dry ſhell be raken, it will be the better. When it is well beaten

and incorporated (which will be known by the ſhortnefle of it ) then with a ſpoon (ſ(;
inthe Jodj;a'sis uied ) 15 taken up ſome of the paſte, which will be almoſt liquid, and
made into tablers, pr elſe without a ſpoon put into baxes, and when t/is cold it will be
hard, Thoſe that make it into rablers, put a ſpoonfull of the paſte upon a piece of
paper (the :diazs put itupon the leafofa plantin tree) where, being put into the ſhade
( for inthe ſun it melts and diſfolves ) ir growes hard ; and then bowing the paper or
leaf, the tablet fals off, by reaſon of the fatneſſe of the paſte, But if it be put in-
toany thing of earth, or wood, it ſtickes faft, and will not come off, bur with ſcra-
ping or breaking. The manner of drinking it , is divers; the one (being the way
moſt uſed in 2exico) is to takeit hot with Atolle, diffolving a tabler in hor water,and

' then ſtirring and beating itinthe cup, where it is to be drunk,, witha Molinet, and

whenitis well ftirred to a ſcummeor froath, then to fill the cup with hot Atolle, and

ſo drink it ſup by ſup. Another way is, that the Chocolatce , being diffolyed with

cold water and ftirred with the Molinet, and the ſcumme taken offand put into another
veſſell; the remainder beſet upon the fire, with as much ſugar as will fweetenit , and
when it is warme, then to powre it upon the ſcum which was taken off before., and ſo
rodrink it.: But the moft ordinary way is, to warme the water very hot, and then
to powre out halfthe cup full thar you mean 'to drink ; and to put into it a tablet or
two, oras much as will thicken reaſonably the water , and then grinde. it well with the
Molinet, and whenit is well ground and riſen to a ſcum, to fill the cup with hot wa-
ter, and ſo drink it by ſups (having ſweetned it with Sugar) and to cat it with a little
Conſerve, or maple bred, fteeped into the Chocolatte. Befides theſe ways there is a=
nother way ( which is much uſed in the Ifland of Saxto Domingo) which is to put the
Chocolatte into a pipkin, with a little water, and to ler it boyle well till it be diffol-
ved, andthen to put in fufficient water and ſugar according to the quantity of the
Chocolatte, and then to. boyle it again, untill there comes an- oly ſcumme- upon it,
and thento drink it. 'There is another way yer to drink Chocolatte, whicty is cold,
which the Þdians uſeat feaſts; to refreſh themſelves, and it is made after this man-
ner. The Chocolatte (which is made with none or very few angredients) being difſol-
vedin cold water with the Molinet, they take off the {cumme.or crafly part, which- ri-
ſeth in great quantity, eſpecially when the Cacao is older and more putrefied. . The
ſcumme they lay afide in a little diſh byit ſelf, and then put Sugar into that part from
whence was takenthe ſcumme, and then powreit from on high into the ſcumme, and 10
drink itcold, And this drink is ſo cold, thar it agreeth not with all mens ſtomachs :
for by experience it hath been found, thatir doth hurt, by cauſing pains in the tomach ,

eſpecially to women. The third way of taking it s the moſt uſed, and thus certain=
lyitdoth no hurt, neither know I why it may-nor be.nſed aswellin Exg/ad as inother

parts both hot and cold ; for where it is ſ0 much uſed, the .moſtif not all, as well
in the Tadia's, as in Spain, Ttaly, Flanders (which is a cold Countrey) find that it a-
greeth well with them. Trueitis, it is uſed more in'the 74;z's, then in the Exrope-
4n parts, becauſe there the ſtomachs are more apt to faint then here, and a cup of Cho-
colatte well confe&ioned comforts and ftrengthens the ftomach. For my ſelf I muſt
fay, I uſed it twelve years conſtantly, drinking one cup in the morning ,' another yet
before dinner berween nine or ten of the clock; another within an hour or two after
dinner, and another between four and five in the afternoon; and when T was purpo-
ſed to ſitup late to ſtudy, T would take another cupabour ſeven or eight at night,which
would keep me waking till about midnight. And if by chance I did negle& any of
theſe accuſtomed houres, T preſently found my ſtomach fainty. And with this cuſtome
T-lived awelve years in thoſe parts healchy, without any obſtruRions, or oppilations,
riot knowing what either ague, or feaver was, Yet will Inot dareto regulate by mine
own the bodies of others, nor take upon me the skill of a Phyſitian, to appoint and.
define at what time and by what perſons this drink may be uſed. Only Ifay, T have
known ſome that have been the worſe for it, either for drinking it with too much ſugar,
which bath relaxed cheir fomachs, @r for drinking it roo often, For cetainly if jt,

- L

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10

 

 

— TN Sarvey of the Weſt-Indies.

þe drunk beyond meafure, not only this Chocoiz_ztte but all other drinks, or meats ,
though of themſelves they are good and wholefome, they may be hurtfull: And if
ſome have found-it oppilative, ir hath come by the too too much ufe of it; as when
one drinks over much wine, inſtead of comforting and warming himſelf, he breeds
and nouriſheth cold diſeaſes, becauſe nature cannot overcome 1t, nor turn ſo great.
a quantity into good nouſiriſhme_nt. So he thar drinks ctmuch Chocolatre, which hath
fat parts , cannot make diſtrtbution of ſo great a quantity to all the parts ; ;md thar
part which remains in the flender veines of the hver muſt needs cauſe oppilations and
obſtructions. But laftly to conclude with this 1-d;az drink, T will add what I have
heard Phyſitians of the ndia's fay of it, and have ſeen 1t by experience in others
(though never T could find it in my felf ) that thoſe that uſe this Chacolatte much ,
grow tat and corpulent by it: which indeed may feem hard to believe; for confide-
ring that all the ingredients, excext rhe Cacao, do rather extenuate, chen make far,
becauſe they are hor and dry in the third degree.. And we have already faid, that the
qualities which do predominate in Cacao, are cold and dry, which are very unfit to.
adde any ſubſtance to-the body.  Nevertheleſſe it may be anſwered that the many un-
&uous parts, which have been proved to be inthe Cacao, are thoſe which pinguefie and
make fat ; and the hotter ingredients  of this compoſition ſerye for a guide, or vehi-
cle to paſſe to theliver, and the other parts, untill they come to the fleſhy parts; and
there finding a like ſubſtance which is hot and moiſt, as 1s the unctuous part , conver-
ting it ſelf into the ſame ſubſtance, it doth augment and pinguefie. But how then might
this Cacao with the' other 7ndian ingredients be had in*Eg/and ? even by tradins in
Spainfor it, as we do for other commodities ; or not fleightingit ſo much as we and
the Hollanders have often done upon the Indians ſeas ; of whom Thave heard the Spg-
viards ſay that whenwe have taken a good prize, a ſhip ladenwith Cacao, inanger and
wrath we have hurled over board this good commodity, not regarding the worth a nd
goodnefſe of it, bur calling it in bad Spaniſh, Cagarnta de Carnero, or ſheeps dung in
good Enghſh. It is one of the neceflarieſt commodities in the 19dia's,, and nothing
enricheth Chiapa in particular more rhen ir, whirher are brought from Mexico and
other parts, the rich bags of Patacons only for this Cagaryra de Carnero, which we
call theeps dung. The other drink which is much uſedin the 7odja's is called Atolle,
of which Iwill fay but a little, becauſe I know it cannot be uſed here. This was the
drink of the ancient Tndians, and is a thick pap made of the flower of Maiz , ta-
king off the huskes from it, which is windy and melancholy. This is commonly car-
ried by the 7:4;az women to the Markers hot in pots, and there is fold in cups. The
Criolian ſtudents, as we go toaTavern to drink a cup of wine, ſo they g0 in com-
pany to the publick Markets, and as publickly buy and*drink by meaſure of this Atol-
le; which ſometimesis ſeaſoned with a little Chile, or long Pepper, and then it plea-
{eth them. beſt. But the Nuns and Gentlewomen have got a trick of confectioning it with
Cinnamon;-Sweet=waters, Amber, or Muske, and ftore of Sugar , and thus it is
held to bea moſt ftrong and nouriſhing drink, which the Phyſitians do preſcribe unto
a weak body, as we do here our Almond-milke. But of what England never knew

nor tafted, F will ſay no more, bur haſten my pento Gratemala, which hath been my
fecond patria.

 

CHAP.
 

A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies, | H

Carae,.XVIL

Shewing my journey from the City of Chiapa; unto Guatemala, avd the cbzcf
places in the way.

TH E time now being come that I was to ſeave the little City of Cliapa, Itook ſome
occaſion before-hand to take my leave of my. beft friends,  whoſe. children I had
taught, andat my departureT muſt confeſſe I tound them kind and bounrifull,” except it
were Donna Magaalena de Morales, from whom Idid not expe, neither did I defire any
farewell, or Adieu token. But among all, the Governours wite was moſt lberall unto me,
ſending me many boxes of Aromaticall Chocolatte; and one extraordinary great boxwith
four ſeverall diviſions of different Conſerves gilt over, beſides many. Maple breads, .and
Biskets made with Egs and Sugar, a preſent it was which might haye been ſent toa greater
man then toa poor worthleſle Mendicant Fryer, and with this in a handkerchief a dozen
pieces ofeight. Doy elchor del Valazcoyet exceeded her, in words and complements.L
mean, but in deeds,he and all the crew of the Criolians muſt thinktd come ſhott of them;
who are born in Spaiz. The firſt Town I went unto, was Theopixca, lix leagues from Chi-,
apa, a fairand great Townof Indians, who are held to be next unto the 7nd;ans of  the
other Chiapa in ſitting and riding a horſe.- In this Town is nothing ſo confiderable as the
Church,which is great and ftrong, and the muſick belonging unto it fiweer and harmoni-
ous. The Vicar or Curate of this place was one Fryer Peter Marrir a Criolian; whom I
knew could not endure thePrior nor me, yet he would diſſemble._a, loye complementall
exceeding well, and in outward ſhews raiſe it up to.gradus xt Ofe., He knowing. my -pre-,
valency with the Prior, durſt nor but give me very good entertainmenc, which. continued
two dayes, untill T was weary of his complements. ſi
The third day. I took my leave of him, who, would not yet leave me, but would;
conduct me to Comit/ay, whitherT was invited by the Priox of that Cloiſter, named
Fryer T homas Recolano, a French man, who being a ſtranger ro the Spaniards ( for be-
fides him and my felf rhere was no other ftranger in that County,). deſired acquain-
rance with me, which he began to ſettle_ by meeting me at the half way with ma-
ny 1ndians.on horſe back, having provided an harbour  where we might more con-
veniently confer and reſt while our Chocolatte and other refreſhments were provided.
But the Criolian Peter artir was not a little envious, (as I was afterwards informed
in the Cloiſter) to ſeeme ſo much made of and eiteemed in, the Countrey, yert his
fair words and complements far exceeded the fincerity and down-rightneſſe of my
Erench friend. At Comitlan I fayed a whole week, riding about with the Prior unto
the 1n4;an Towns , and downthe hill to the valley of Copanabaſtla, whereT injoyed
much paſtime and recreation among the Fryers and 1»4;ans, and was feaſted after the
manner of that Countrey, which knowerh more of an Epicurian diet then doth: Eag-
land, or any part of Exrope ; nay T am perfwaded (and I have heard Spamiards. con-
feſſe it ) that Spaiz bath raken from the 7»dia's ſince the conqueſt many leſſonsfor the
drefling of ſeverall diſhes and compleating a feaſt or banquer.  After the week was en-
ded my French friend the Prior conducted me to Tzquintenango, to ſee me well' furniſh-
edup the Mountains of Cachumatlanes. . This Town ( as I have formerly obſeryed )
ſtanderh almoſt at the end of the Valley of Copanabaſtia, and within two leagues of the
Cuchumatlanes. It is one of the fineſt 1yd;iay Towns, of all the Province of Chiapa,
and very rich, by reaſon ofthe much Cotton wooll in it, and eſpecially by reaſon of
its ſituation, for ſtanding in the Roade way to Gratemala, all the Merchants of the
Countrey that trade with their mules that way, paſſe through rhis Town, and there ,
buy and fell, enrichingit with mony and far brought Commodities. It is moſt plen-
tifully ſtored with fruirs, eſpecially with what they call Pina's or Pine fruit. It ſftandeth
cloſe by the great River, which runneth to Chiapa. of the Tndians, and hath its ſpring
not far off from the Cxchamatlanes, and yet at this Townisvery broadand deep.No
man nor beafttrayelling to Gratemala can gointo it, or from Guaremala can g0 out of
it, but by ferrying over. Andthe Rode being much uſed and beaten by travellersz
L 2 ang

 

 

 
 

H7 . A New Survey of the W elt-Indies;

uchas they call Requas of mules (every Requa confifting of fifty or threeſcore
ſin\?lþs?ſſ)ſi:?\is Ferrz? 15 day :Zd night imployed , and yeelds much treaſure to the Town
at the years end. The 1-dians of the Town beſides the ferry boar, have made many
other little boats,, or Canoa's ro. gv upand down the River. Hither when' the Prior
of Comitlan had brought me, we were waited for by the Vicar or Fryer of that Town
with the chiefand principall 1za#azs,, and moft of the Canoa's. As. we ferryed oyer,
the little Canoa's went before us with the Quiriſters of the Church ſinging before
us,, and with others ſounding their Wairs and Trumpets. The Eryer that ivedin this
Town was called Fryer Gerowymo de Guevara, littlein ſtature, but great in ſtace, pride
and yanity , as he ſhewed himſelf in whar he had provided for us both of fiſh and
feſh. - A brave profeſſour'or vower of Mendicancy and poverty he was,who intwelve
years thathe had liyedin that Town, what by mumming of Maſſes for'the'dead and
lving, what by-ſhearing and fleecing the poor Tedians , what by trading and trat-
fiquing with the Merchantsthar uſed that Rode,, had gor fix thouſand Duckats, which
he had ſent to Spain'to theCourt'of 31adrid, to trade with them' Simoniacally for' the
Biſhoprick of Chiapa, whichif he obrained not, ('yetwhenT came out of that Couintrey
the report went that he had obtained it ) he would and was well able with a fecond
fupply to obtain/a berter. Affter two dayes feaſting with him, he and the Prior of
Comitlas both joyned their power and authority ro ſee me well manned with 7z-
dians, to the firit Fowne of the Cxcxmatianes. A mule was prepared to carry my
bedding, (which wecommonly carryed with- us in cheſts of leather called Peraca's )
another Jzd;ay  to carry my Petaquilla wherein was my Chocolatte and .all imple-
ments to make it ; and three more 1nd;ans to ride before and bekinde to guide me ; bur
toalltheſe nothing wasto be paid,, (leſt a cuſtome of paying fhould be broughr'in,
for ſo they dodrined me asa novice inthat Countrey.) except it were to give them a
cup of Chocolatte if Idrank inthe way, or when I came to my journeys end. Here
I'rook my kave of my good Frexch friend, (who yet continued friendſhip witk
me by frequent letrersto Guaremala ) and of my low but high minded Gzcvara , who
bad me expett no friendly entertainment, untill.Iwere well paſſed over the Cuchnma-
rlanes andarrived at Sacapsla, which was four days journey from thence. Yer he told
meT might demand what ſervice Tlift from the 7;45azs, and call for what T had a mind
to eat without paying any money, ſo that Idid wrice down my expences.in the common
Town Book.

Thus T went away from my friends fomewhat heavy, having no other company
but unknown Tndians, leaving @ pleaſant and delightſome valley behind me, and
ſeeing nothing before me but high and ſteepy hils and mountaines , andconſidering
that 3n four or fivedayes Tſhould ſee no more gallant Dominicans and of mine own
profeſiion. Now Iwiſhed I had the company of my Melendez and other friends, who
were acomfort one to another upon the hils and rocks of Magquilapa. Yet at laſt
Iconcluded, up Engi;/y heart and courage, quondan: hac meminiſſe juvabit. Though
the Mountains ſeemed high a far off, yet as Itravelled on, Ifound the way lie between
them very caſie and paſble, and met now and then Requas of mules, which were
no little comfort unto me to confider , if they being heavily laden could go through

*- thoſe Mountains, my mule that had in me burt a light burden would eafily oyer-
come any danger ; it comforted me alſo to confider that there were Towns (though
but littſe ones) where I might reſt every night. The further I went , the better and
more open TIfound the Rode; Only the rain and dirt rroubled me, which F could
not avoid , it beingtheend of September, or as there they reckon,the end of winter.The
firſt Town Icame to amongſt thoſe Mountains was called S. Hartin, a \ittle place of
ſome twenty houſes; T went to the houſethar belonged ro the Franciſcan Fryers (who
ſeldome in the year came to that' poyerty of houſe and houſe room ) where F lighted
and cauſed the' 7:4;ans to be called who were appointed to give attendance to tra-
vellers and paſſengers. I found them very tractable and durifull, bidding me wel-
come, bringing me hot water for my Chocolatte , which't drunk off heartily , and
gave unto my 1nazns Of 1:4#5nteuango, who refreſhed themſelyes and theit mules well
tor nothing, this being a cuſtome among thoſe Towns in the Rode to welcome
one another whenſoever they come with travellers. I mighc haye had for my ſupper
any thing thar place would afford, but I made choice of a pullet, which I thought |
would be cheapeſt for the p20r Tndians. 1 was glad Fhad broughrt with me a go};ct)d |

15 j

 
nn

C C C eM

" —-aNws ſiz-r;;jſi of the W—c;(ſiv{-ſſ-ſilſindiects(. | I1%

 

big Fraſco,as they call it, or bottle of wine,forT began already to tind the Cuthamatlanes
cooler then the valley of Copanabaſtla. My bed was made.in 4 lictle chatched Cobe, and
Tadian boyes appointed to fleepinthe next room tQme, apd £9 beat hand if in the nighc
I ſhould want any thing, Thus baving appointed whatattendance T had need of in the
morning to the next Town, diſcharging the {adrags thavhad brought me from Zz=9x4m-
teuango , 1 went unto my reft , which I took asquietlyas 1fThad beenin the compay
ny of my belt friends. The next day being accompanied by two Jadians, baving fenc
my carriage by another, 1 took my Journey to the next Town ,. which.ts called Cu-
chumatlan grande , becaule it Randeth on the highett part 9 rhoſe Mountains , ard i4
the way the /zdians ſhewed me the head ſpring or fountain of the great River «
Chiapa of the 1adians , which is the only remarkable thing in chat Rode, C 4
tlan grande isa Town a little bigger then. $t. grtin, and of Tagians very &iti2611's
who are uſed and beaten to daily travellers, and ſa make very much gf 5hes
I was entertained as the night befoxe ; and  found the poor Jndians . wiiliy4 44
giveme whatſoever I demanded for my better and fafer guiding and conductirgs 5 114
next day , andrthav nighc for.my ſupper whas I pleaſed to call tor, -without any pay;.
Hut only writing down my name and expences with the day and month in their com-
mon book of accounts. Thisare thgſe poor wrerches broughr to .by the Fryers and
commanding Juſtices, though of themſelves they have no more then a Milps of Maiz
as they termir, or a little Iadiaz Wheat Plantation, with as much” Chile as. will ſuffice
hem for the year, and what the Merchants and Travelers give them voluntarily, which
is little enough. From this Town I would not follow the Rode to the, next, which.
was @ long journy of ſevenor eight leagues without baiting by the way ; and alſo be-
cauſe I had been enformed at Chiapa and at Copanabaſtiaof a firange picture of our
Lady, which was amongft theſe Mountains in a little Town of ndians called Chiantla,
which in this dayes journey being not abovea league out of my way , I was reſolyed to
ſee. The ways were bad, lying out of the Rode,yer by noon T got to Chiant/a, which is
a Town belonging unto Mercenarian Fryers, who doubclefſe would not be able to ſub+
fiſt in ſo poor a place, had they not invented that loaditone of their pifture-of Aary
and cried it up for miraculous, to draw people far and near, and all cravellers from.
the Rodeto pray unto it, andto leave their giftsand almes unto them for their pray-
ers and Mafſes. Such anincome of treaſure and riches hath been from deluded and
ignorant ſouls to this beggerly Town, that the Fryers: have had whereyith'to.
Build a Cloifter able to maintain four or five of them. The. Church is richly fur-
niſhed , bur eſpecially the high Altar where the picture ftandeth ina Tabernaele with
half a dozen curtains of Silk, Sattin, cloth of gold, with borders of golden lace be-
fore it; wearing arich Crown of gold, rhickly beſer with Diamonds and other pre-
tious ſtones. There hang before it at leaſt a dozen rich lampes ofſilver ; and inthe yeltry
of the Church are many gownes,Candleſtickes of filyer, Cenſers to burn Frankincenſe he-
fore it.. befides rich Copes, Veſtments, Ornaments for the Altar, and hangingsfor all the
Church. - . ” p
To conclude, here is a treaſure hid in the Mountains ; Oh that ir conld be foand
out to do the Lord ſervice! I was welcomed to this place by thoſe Fryers,who were
firangers unto me ; my head was filled that day by them with' relations of (frz_,nge and
many miracles or lies, which they told me of that picure; bur the heavineſſe of my
head did me good in ſomething, for it made me more drowlie at night and apter to,
take good reft. The next day1 got into the Rode again , andwent to the laſt Town
of theſe Cuchumatlanes called Chautlan, where I ftayed all that day and night, and fent
before a letterto the Prior of Sacapula of my going thither rhe next day, In Chautlan
I was very kindly uſed by the Jadjans, and liked the Town the berter for the excel-
lent grapes which there 1 found , not planted: like vineyards, but growing up/in har-
bours,which ſhew that if that land were planted,it would certainly yeeld as good grapes
for wine, as any are in Spaiz. They are carried from that place to Guatemala, which
ſtands from it near forty leagnes, and are ſold about the ſtrects for rarities and great.
dainties; and well may they, for from Mexico to Guatemala there are none like them.The
next morning Imade haſt ro be gone, rhat T might come ſooner to Sacapu/a,where 3
was to finde thoſe of mine own profeſſion , with whom I knewT might ftay and reſta
whole week if I pleaſed. T had not rid above three leagues, when Ibeganto diſcover

at 2low and deep bottome,' a pleaſant and goodly valley, laced witha River, whoſe
L 3 waters

N ON em —

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

14 A New Survey of the Weſt-Indies.

waters receiving the glorious brightneſſe of Phzb; beames reyerberated up to the top
of the Mountain , a delightſome proſpe& to the behoſders; the more I hafted to thar
ſeeming Paradiſe, the more did the twinkling and wanton freame invite me down
the hill; which T had no ſooner deſcended, bur Ifound inan habour by the water fide
the Prior of Sacapsla himſelf with a good train of Tndians waiting for me with a
cup of Chocolatte. Ar the firſt fightT wasa little daunted to behold the Prior, who
looked moſt fearfully with a bladder from his throat felled almoſt round his neck,
which hung over his ſhoulders and breaft , and ftayed up his chin, and lifred up his
head ſo, that he could ſcarce look any whither but up to heaven. In our diſcourſe
he told me thar diſeaſe had been upon him at leaft ten years , and that the water of that
River had caufed it in him, and in many others of that Town. This made me now
as much out of love withthe River , as above the hill T had liked the goodly ſight of
it, and therefore reſolyed not to ſtay {olong in thar place as T had thought, leſt the
waters ſhould marke me for all my life , as they had done this Prior ; whoſe name was
Fryer oby de 1a Cruz, a Biſcaine born, and ( like ſome of that Nation) a little trou-
bled with the ſimples, but a good hearted man, humble and well beloved over all the
Country both by Spaniards and Tadians. When Icame'to the Town I diſcovered
many men and women with bladders' in their throats like the poor Prior, which made
me almoſt unwilling to drink there any Chocolatte made with that water, or eat a-
ny thing drefſed with ir; untill the Prior did much encourage me and told me thar
it didnot hurt all but only ſome;, and thoſe who did drinkit cold ; wherewith I re-
ſolved to ftay there four or five dayes, becauſe of rhe old Priors importunity, who
would fain have had me continue to' live with him, promiſing to teach me the 1-
dian language ina very ſhort time.” Bur higher matters calling me to Gzatemala,T
excuſed myſelf, and conrinued there five dayes with much recreation. The Town
though it benot in_the generall very rich, yet there are ſome 7-dias Merchants who
 trade about the Country and eſpecially to Sachnrepeques where is the chief ſtore of Cacao,
and thereby ſome of this Town of Sacapla , have inriched themſelves; the reſt of
the people trade in pots and pans, which they make ofan earth there fit for thar pur=-
poſe.  But the principall Merchandize of this place is falr, which they gather in the
morning from the ground that lyeth near the River. The aire is hor, by reaſon the
Town ſtandeth low, and compaſſed with high hils on eyery ſide. Beſides many good
fruits which are here, there are Dares as good as thoſe. that come from Barbary,
and many trees of them in the Garden belonging to the Cloiſter. After F had here
wearied out the wearineſſe , which Tbrought in my bones from the Cxchamartanes S
I departed taking my way to Gratemala, and from Sacapula T went to a Town called
St. Andres, or St. Andrews, which ftandeth fix or ſeven leagues from Sacapnla , a grear
Town, but nothing remarkable init, fave only Cotton wooll and Turkies , and abour
it ſome rich Eſtancia's or Farmes of Carrell, which are commodioufly ſeared here, it
beinga plain Champaign Country, | Yer at further end of this plain there is a Moun-
rain which diſcourageth with the fight all ſuch as travell to Guatemala; from St. An-
dres T prepared my ielf for the next -dayes Journey,” which was of nine long leagues,
to a very great Town called by two names , by ſome $acxalpa, by others $r2. Mariz
Zoabah, to the which T could not go withour paſling over that Mountain. T fenc
word of going to Zyabah the day before (as is the cuſtome there) thac mules and hor-
ſes might meet me upon the Mountain : ' and the night before' I went to a Rancho
(which is alodge built for travellers to reft when the Journey is long ) which ftood
within a kague of the Mountain by a River, where with the waters murmur, and
refreſhing gales T took goodreſt. In the morning having refreſhed my ſelf, and my
Tndians with ChocolatteT fet out to incounter with that proud Mountain; and when
I came untoit Ifound it not fo hard'to overeome, as I had conceired, the way lying
with windingsand turnings ; Bur' the higher T monnted the more my eyes were trou-
bled with Jooking tothe Riyer below, whoſe rockes were enough toaſtoniſhand make
a ſtour hearr tremþle. " Abour the middle 'of the Mountain the 7p4;ans of Zabab
mer with a mule for me , and another for my carriage 1n a narrow paſſage where the
way went wheeling. Here I lighted, whilſt the '794jans helped one another to unload
and loadthe mule that came of refreſh. Our of the narrow way the fide ofthe Monn-
tain was ſteepy, anda fearfull precipice of two or three miles to the botrome, almoſt
bare of trees, here andthere one only growing, My heart was true unto me; wiſhing /
me

 

 

 

 

 
W—\
A New Survey of the W<ſt-Indies, 115

 

meto walke upa foot untillT came unto ſome broader paſſage; but the 77dians per=
ceiving my fear told methere was no danger, affuring me further that the Mule they
had brought was ſure, and had been well uſed to that mountain. With their perſwa-

- fions Igot up, but no ſooner was T mounted when the Mule began to play her prankes

andto kick, and to leap out of the way, caſting me'down and herſelf » both rouling
andtumbling apace to the rocks and death, had not a ſhrub prevented me, anda tree
{topped the Mules blind fury. The 1zd;azs cried out, muagro, milagro, Miracle, mira-
cle, Santo, Santo, a Saint, a Saint, to me ſo loud as if they would haye had their cry
reach to Rome to help forward my canonization; for many ſuch miracles have ſome
been noiſed at Rowe, and with further contribution of mony have been enrolled in_the
book and Caralogue of Saints. Whilſt the 7adians helped me up and broughr che Mule
again into the way, they did nothing bur fatrer me with this term Saint ; which they
needed not have done , ifas they contidered my dangerous fall and ſtopping at a ſhrub
( which was by chance, and not by miracle) they had further conſidered my paſſionand
haſty wrath (not befitring a Saint) wherewith I threatned to baſt their ribs for deceiving
me with a yong Mule not well accuſtomed to the faddle. Bur all my haity wordsand
anger could not diſcredit me with them, nor leffon their conceipe of my holineſſe and
fancity, who hold the anger and wrath of a Prieſt to be' the breath of Gods noſtrils,
and with this their fooliſh conceit of me,, they kneeled before me kifling my hands.
The buſineſſe being further examined, they confeſſed that they had been miſtaken in the
Mules, having fadled for me that which ſhould haye carried my Perac's, or leatherne
cheſts, which was a young Mule accuſtomed onily to carriages, and not to the fad-
dle, anduponthat which ſhould have been fadled they put my carriage.  Whilſt they
unloadedand loaded againand fadled the right Mule, Lwalked up the hill abour a offile,
and when they overtook me I gotupand rid till I met with my refreſhing harbour and
Chocolatre, and many 7odians that came to receive me, among whom it was preſent-
ly noifed that T wasa Saint and had wrought a miracle in the way ; with this the reſt
of the 7:d5anskneeled ro me and kifſed my hands, and in the way that we went to the
Town, all their ralk was of my ſandtity: T was much vexed at their fimplicity, but
the more they ſaw me unwilling to accept of that honour, the more they preſſed-it
upon me. When I came to, the TownT rold the Fryer what had happened, and what
the fooliſh 124:2ns had conceited ; at which he laughed, and told me that he would
warrant me if T ſtayed long in the Town, all the men and women would come to
kiſſe my hands and to offer their gifts unto me. He knew well their qualities,or elſe had
raught them this ſaperſtition with many others ; for no ſooner had we dined, but many
were gathered to the Church to ſee the Saint that was come ro their Town,and that had
wrought a miracle in the mountain ashe came. With this T began to be more troubled
thenbefore at the folly of the ſimple people, and deſired the Fryer to check and rebuke
them, who by no means would, but rather Jaughed ar it, faying, thatin policy we ought
to accept ofany honour from the 1adzaps , for as longas we had credir and an ofinion of
Saints among them, ſo long we ſhould prevail todoany thing with them, yea even to
command them and their fortunes at our pleaſure. With this I went down with the
Fryer to the Chnrch, and fat down with him in a chair'in the Qunire, repreſenting the
perſon of fuch a Sainr as they imagined me to be,though in reality and truch buta wretch-
ed ſinner.

No ſooner had we taken up our places when the Indians, men, women and chil-
dren came up by three and four, or whole families to the Quire, firſt kneeling down for
my blefling, and then kifſing my hands, they began to ſpeak to me in their Indian
complements tothis purpoſe ,, that their Town was happy and doubtleſſe blefſed from
heaven by my coming into it , and thar chey hoped their {oules ſhould be much the bet-
ter-if they mighr partake of my prayers to God for them. And for this purpoſe ſome
offered unto me mony, fome hony, ſome eggs, ſome little mantles, ſome Plantins, -
and other fruits, ſome fowles, and ſome Turkies, The Fryer thar fat by me T per-
ceived was overjoyed with this, for he kneww I was to be gone,, and would leave unto
him all choſe offerings. I defired himto make anſwer unto the 7dians in my behalfe,
excuſing me as not well verſed in their language ( yet the fools if they thoughr and
judged meto be a Saint, might haveexpected from me alfo the gift of tongues) which
he did telling them that Thad been bur a while in that Countrey, and though I under-
food part of rheir language, yet could nor ſpeak nor pronotince-it perfect}l]y, fanc\

therefore

 

 

 
 

116 A New Snrvey of the Weſt-ſſſſliſſhgiſſc{sſſ,

cherefore from me he did give them hearty thanks for rhe grear love they hadſhewed un-
ro-2n Ambaſſadour of God,witnefling it with ſo many ſorts of offerings, which aſſuredly
ſhould remind him and me of our offerings for them, in qur prayers and hearty recom-
mendations of them and their children unto God. Thus was that.ceremony ended, rhe 1z-
Jians diſmiſſed, and the Fryer and 1 went upto a chamber, where he began to rell his egs,
and fowles and to diſpoſe” of ſome of them for our ſupper ; he told me he would take
them.bur at my departure would give me ſomewhat for them; he bad me keep-what mony
they had given me, and told met was welcomeunto him, and no burdenſome-gueſſe, but
very profitable,who had brought with me ſtore of proviſion for my ſelf and for him many
dayes after. The mony Ireceived came to forty Rials, beſides twenty which he gave me
for the other offerings, which might be worth torty more z all this I got for having 4
All froma Mule, and for not breaking my neck. Z would. faine haye departed the next
morning, but Zohn Vidal! (fo was the Fryer named) would not permit me, for that the
next journey was of at lealt 10 leagues, and therefore hewould have me rett my felf the
next day. ſſ
This }iſſ"own of Zojabah, or Sqcualpa is the biggeſt and faireft of allthe Towns thar
helong unto the Priory of Sacapula; the Tndians are rich, and make of their Corron-
wool many wantles, they have plenty of hony, and great flocks of goats and kids z
but. here, nor inall the Towps behind there is no wheat, ſave only Indiqns Maiz. The
next day ſome ſimall offerings fell unto me,, but nothing like the day before ; and fo I
rold the Fryer, that now the peoples devotion was decaied, T would. be gone in the
morning before day. Thar night the chief 1:4;ans of the Towne came to offer their
fervice andattendance upon me to.a Rancho or lodge that Randerh in the middle way z
but_Iwould not. accept of the great ones,, but deſired that I might haye three only of
the meaner ſort to guide me till E met with company from the Town whither 1 was
going, and whither E had. ſent warning of my coming. The time appointed was
three of the clockinthe mornins ; at which hour after a little fleep.T was called, and
haying drunk my Chocolatte, and eat a maple bread with a little Conſerve, 1 prepared,
my ſelffor my journey, and found the 7diaps ready waiting for me in the' yard, with
pieces of pine-wood, which burn like rorches,and with which they uſe to travell in the
night , and to ſhew the way to him whone they guide. A little from the Town we
had ſome craggy wayes , which indeedhad need of lighrs, but afterwards we came in-
20 a plain champaign Countrey , which continued till within a league: of the middle
way lodge ; to the which we wereto deſcend a ſteep hill, When we camethither (which,
was abour ſeven in the morning) we found our freſh ſupply waiting for us, who had fet
out from their Town at midmght to meet us (note the Tndiavs ſubjection to. their
Priefts command ) and had made ns a fire, and warmed water for our Chocolatte.
Which whilft Twas drinking, the Irdians of Zoyabah, who had guided me thirher, gave
notice to thoſe thar came to receive from St; 2artia (fo. was the Town called whi-
ther Ewas that day minded ) of my. miracle and fanftiry , wiſhing them to reverence
and reſi-ect meinthe way. But not for this their fooliſh report did I make the Indians
of Zojabah dripk every one a cup, of Chocolatre, and ſo difmiſſed them ; and took for-
wards my journey to St. artin. Moſt of the way was hilly and craggy till we came
within two miles of the Town.; tothe which we arrived by noon. This Town is
cold, ftanding high,, yet pleafant for the proſpe& almoſt to Gaatemala; here, and in
moſt of the Towns about it.is moſ excellent Wheart. The hony of this Town is the
beſt in the Coyntrey ; but above all it furniſheth Gaatemala with Quailes, Partridges,
and Rabbits. Ir isthe firſt Town we enter into belonging to the City and command
9f Gaaremala; Which did not a little comfort me, that now T wanted but one good
journey to make an end of my long, tedious and weariſome trayelling. The Fryer
of this Town, named Thowas de 1a_ Ctaz belonged unto the Dominican Cloiſter of
Guatemalg ; hewas a Criolian, but yet heentertained me very loyingly. I ftayed with
him byr thar night. Andinthe morning (though I might have gone to dinner to Gra-
remala) Fwould needs 0 by the way to one of the biggeſt Townes in that Countrey ,
calted Chimaltenango, ſtanding in an open valley three: leagues from the Ciry, confiſting
of at_houſandſſ_ hou e-keepers, and rich Indians who trade much: about the Countrey.
In this Town in_my time there was one Tadian, who alone had beſtowed upon the
Chu_rch five thouſand duckates.  The Chuch yeelds to. none in the City of Gratemala. ,
andin muſick it exceeds moſt about the Coynrrey. The chicf fealt of Chimalrenanga is
UPOIn

 
 

A\ New Survey of ſſ,t']}eſiWeſſ{ſiſſt-Indies, | 17

 

 

"upon. the 26. day of 7-ly,, ( which;they call Sc. Aares day) and then is'the riclct]eſt fair

that ever my eyes beheld in thoſe .parts of all ſorts of Merchants 'and Merchandize :
Ic is further fec forth with Bul-baiting, Horſe-racing, Stage-playes, Maskes ”
Muſick , andall this. gallantly. performed by the 1ndians of the Toun.. The ,Fryer of
this Town was a: Dominican,-belonging to the Cloiſter of the Dominicans of Grate-
mala, named Alonſo Hida!go,'a four eyed old man, for he alwayes wore ſpectacles.
He was a, Spaxiard born., but having been: brought up in that Countrey from his :
youth , -and baving taken his habir and vowes.in Guaremal/a amongft the Criolians
he degenerated from his birth -apd. Countrey-men, hating all ſuch as came from Fhain.
He was a deadly enemy to the Provinciall (ayming indeed - himfelf co be Pcovinciall
with the fayour of the Criolians } and fo I-perceived he would have picked a quar-
rell with me,) whilſt I was; with him ;/he.rold/ me 1 was welcome , though he had
little reaſon to.bid any welcome-that had corne from $pain, who! he chozght came
bur co ſupplant thoſethat had been-born and brought up- there in._their own Country;
and that for ought he kneyw, I,learning the Janguage of thoſe 7a4iays might one
day diſpoſſeſſe him of that Town , wherein he had continued above ten years; he
inveyed much againſt the Provinciall and Fryer fohy Bapriſt the Prior of Cuarenile
whom he knew to be my friend; But to all this T anſwered not a word ,reſpcctin;
his grave andold age, and Cryitall ſpeftacles. Ar laſt hetold me thar he had heard
fay, that the 7,d4ians of Zuyjabah had cried me up for a Saint , which he could nor be-
lieve of any that came from Spazz ,; much leſſe of me that came from Englanda coun-
trey of hereticks; but he feared rather that Tmight come as a ſpie, to view the ri-
ches of that their Countrey, and betray them hereafter to Zxg/ard;and that in Guatemala
there were many tich pieces, eſpecially aipifture ofonr Lady, anda lampe in the Cloi.-
ſter of the Dominicans, which he doubred not but T would be carefultto pry into.But
all this T put up with a jeſt, faying, I would be ſure to take notice- firſt of the
riches ofhis chamber in piQures, hangings, and rich Cabinets, and that if the Engii/ſh
came. thither in my. time, I would ſurely condu& them to_ it ; and if he himſelf
would: but cauſe a fer of teeth of filyer.to be ſet in his gums and jawes in ſtead of thoſe
leaden ones, . (for he was ſo-old that he had lolt all his reerh, andhad got ſome of lead
in their ſteadg then ſurely Iwould alſo conduct the Ezg/i/s to himasto a rich prize for
his teeth, and thar- I would warrant him he ſhould be well uſed for his ourward and
inward riches; and that this my counſell-might be profitable and ofconſequence.to
him, Ttold him ; for ifrhe Z-gi;þ ſhould come , certainly they would try of what,
metall his teeth were made, thinking that.they,might be of ſome rare and exquiſite
fubſtance found only. .inthat Countrey, and ſo might cauſe him rodrifk ſuch hot-and
ſcalding broath,, (totry whether they were lead)- as might melc them in his mouth, and
makethe melted lead to run down his throat ; which if they were offſilver they would
not do. He perceived I jeared him , and ſo' he ler me alone; I was glad T had put
him out of his former byas of railing ; ſo dinner being ended, Itold himIwould not
ftay ſupper , but go to Guatemala to a light ſupper in the Cloiſter, for that he had
given me ſuch adinner,, as I feared I ſhould not haye digeſied itin few dayes. I de-
fired bimto let me have Iudiazs to guide me to Guatemala,which he willingly performed,
peradyenture fearing that if Iftayed ſupper with him, 1 ſhould melt the teerh 1n his
mouth with ſome ſcalding'cup of my Chocolatte brought from Chizpa, or that in
che-night I ſhould rifle or plunder. his chamber .ofhis rich Idolsand Ebony Cabinets.
The 1odians being come, l made haſt to be gone from thatfour eyed beait, being.now de-
firous of a conſtant reſt inGuatemala. Within aleague from this Town of Chimaltenango,
the Rode way leaving thar open, wide, and ſpacious yalley, contracts and gathereth in
it ſelf between hils and mountains ftanding on each fide, and'fo continuerh to the
City../ From this Valley pnto. Gzatemala, -neither is there any aſcent ordeſcent, bu_ta
plain, broad and ſandy way. The eye hath much to. view, though compaſſed withi
Mountains, in theſe two laſt leagues ; for yet irmay behold a Town of Judianswhich
raketh up moſt of the way ,. and is counted asbig 'as Chimalteusngo, ifnot bigger, the
houſes lying ſcattered witha diftance one from another, mingled withmany fair build-
ings of Span;ards., who. reſort much thither from the City tor their recreation. Fhis
Town is called Xocotenango, of a fruit named Xocotte, which is moſt plentifull there /
andallabout the Country : it is freſh and cookng, of a-yellow colonrwhen ripe, and
oftwo ſorts, ſome ſweet, andothers ſowre, of the ftones whereof the Jndians mfiſi@r ;

_.-W-..-ſi.___.-_ CN eC

 

 

 
 

 

.DMWF Weſt-Indies.

fire; they lie ſo thick inthe way, dropping from the trees for want of gathering and
ſpending them all, that the Spctnictrd:_have begun to praciſe the buymg of Hogs on pur=
poſe to ler them run about that high way, finding that they far as ſpeedily and as
well with thoſe-plummes, as our Hogs do in England with Akorns. All this way are
alſo many fair gardens, which ſupply the Markets of Guaremala with herbs, roots ;
fruits, and flowers all the year. Thereare further in this Rode three water mils for
the corn ofthe City, whereofthe chiefand the richeſt belongs to the Dominican EFryers
of Guatemala, who keep there a Fryer conſtantly with three or four Blackmores to da
and overſee the work; What will nox thoſe Fryers do to fatisfie their covetous |
mindes? Even duſty Millars they will become to get wealth. The Frontiſpice of the
Church of this Townis' judged one of the beft pieces of work thereabouts ; the high
Altar withinis/alſo rich and ſtately, being all daubed with gold. I made no ſtay in
this place, becauſe I knew Tſhould have many occaſionsafter my ſetling inrhe City to
come unto ir.» And thus keeping between the hils Icontinued on my journey till T came
to Gratemala; whoſe Dominions, riches and greatneſle-the following Chapter ſhalf
largely ſhew.

 

 

W\——
Cuay. XVIIT.

Deſcribing the Dominions, Government, Riches, and -greatneſſe of the City of |
Gutemala, and Country belonging untoin, : :

Had not rid on above a mile ffom the Church'of Xocotenaneo, when the Hifs and Moun-
tains ſcemed to depart one from anothet, leavinga miore fpations obje& for the eye

to behold,anda wider Valley to wander in;The fame of that City from Mexicoand Chiapa
had raiſed up my thoughtsto conceit of ſome ſtrong wals, Towers, Forts or Bulwarks to
keep out an aſpiring or attempting enemy; But whenT came near and leaſt thoughtr of ir,
I found my ſelf in it without entring through wals, or gates, or palling over any bridge,
or findingany watch or guard to examine who Iwas 3 but paſling by a new buile Church,
ſtanding neara place ofdunghils, wherewere none but mean houſes, ſome thatched, and
ſome tyled, and asking what Town that was, anſwer was made me that it was the City of
Guatemala, and that thar, being called St. Sebaſtian, was the only Pariſh Church of 'the f
City. Withthis my high conceiting thoughts "ſtooped down to think of ſome ſecond 3
Chiapa; till having continued on a while by houſes on my right hand and' dunghils* 6n |
my left, Tcame toa broader ſtreet having houſes on eachdide, which ſeemed to promiſe j"
a City at hand.: Army firſt turningT diſcoyered a proudand ſtately Cloifter, which was |
the place of reſt to my-wearied body. 'T ſurrounded it to find out the back gate, and
there lighred, and enquired for the Prior, who badme very welcome, affurins me that
for the Provincials fake, I ſhould want no incouragement ,'and that he woilld*do for ſiſi
me muchmore then what the Provinciall had ſignified unto him by Letters. "He” told
me he had been brought up in Spain;inthe Countrey of Aftirias, where many En-
£/iſo ſhips did uſe tocome, and having ſeen there many of my Nation, heaffeted'them
very much , andto meas one of ſo good a Nation, andasa firanger and Pilgrime, oyt' of
my own Country,, he would ſhewall the favour that the utmoſt of his! power could
afford.' How glad was1, to find in him ſo contrary an opinion to that of four eyed H;-
dalgo ? And howdid he performe his words> Hewas the chief Maſter and Reader of
Divinity inthe Univerſity, his name'Mafter Tacintho de Cabannas, who finding me de-
firousrofollow the Schools, and eſpecially-to hear from him ſome leſſons of Theologie,
withinthe firſt quarter of year,that Thad been his conſtant and attentive Auditor, graced
me with a' publick a& of concluſions of Divinity } which I was to defend under his
diretion-and moderationin theface ofthe whole Univerſity and Afſembly of DoRors
and Divlr}cjs ; apainſt the Tenents of Scorus and S4arez. But the principall and head
concluſi-ſiox}- waseoncerning the birth ofthe Virgin 2Zary, whom both Jeſuites, Snarcz
and Franciſcans, and Scotiſts hold-to -have been borne' without Ori ginall finne, or
any

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Guatemala, Order of Preachers,
Chiapa and i.

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A New Survey of the Weſt-Indies.

: lie ſo thick inthe way, dropping from thetrees for want of gathering and
?r:ſidiſi?zh?m(:\ll, 1thac the sſictſi?ſſzctſſctzſi- have begun to praciſe the buymg ofHogs on pur=
l:>ſe ro ler them run abour that high way, finding that they fat as ſpeec_hly and as
gvell with thoſe-plummes, as our Hogs do in E'fglctſſd, ct!m,tſſh Akor_ns. All this way are

alſa many fair cardene which fonnks ho ne-lre -

 

.xtheScuu,..,_

...... - rftquaj er of year,thatrnaper....... <VulltaDIE arom ed

me with-a' publick a& of concluſions of Divinity / which F
iretion-and moderationin the face of the whole Univerſfi of D
ivines; apainſt the Tenents of Scotusand Suarez.. - principall and head
wh waseoncerning the birth ofthe Virgin 2Za7y, whom both Jeluites, Suarce
ciſcans, and Scotiſts hold to have been borie without Originall finne, or
any

    
  
  

    
  

ON En=n
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\ſſembly of DoRors

 

  

 
  
 

 

 

  
 
    
      
     
     
     
 
 
  
 

A F\Zew Survey of the W eſt-Indies, 119

ad | any gctu,ilt or ſtain of'ic,againſt whoſe fond, foolſiiſh and ungrounded fancies, T publick-
'511!- - ly detended with 7; hcſſm_ffſſz'Aqm\nm_, andall Thomiſts, rhat thee (as well as all 44: po-
: ffs : ſteriry) was bornin _()ſxglnall ſſim. Ic was an act, the like whereof had not been ſo con-
” R rroverted in that Univerlity with arguments incoptra, and their anfvers and ſolutions
and with reaſons and arguments in pro, many years' before, The Jeſuites ttamped Withſſ
their feer, clapt with their hands, railed with their rongues, and condemned it with
their mouths for a heretje, faying, thatin Exg/ayd, where were hereticks, ſuch an
opinion concerning Chritts morher mighr be held, and defended by me who had
my birch among herericks, but thar Maſter Cabay»as born amons Spantards , and
brought up intheir Univerſities, and being the chief Readerin thar famous Aca,demy
ſhould mainrain ſuch an opinion, they could not buc much marvail and wonder ar it;
But with patience T told them, that ftrong reaſons, and the further authority ofmany
learned Thomiſts Divines ſhould fatisfie their vain and clamorous wondrins. The
A was ended, and though with Jeſuites I could get no credit, yer with the Domi-
nicans, -and with Maſter Cabannas, T got ſo much thatI never aftet lokt it for the ſpace
.of almoſt twelve years; but was ftill honored by the means of this Cabannas and
Fryer 7ohz Baptsf the Prior of Chiapa ( who at Chriſtmas enſuing was made Prior
of Guatemala) with honours and preferments as great asever ſtranger was living among
Spaniards. Theſe two above named being at Candlemas or bſiegmning of February
that ſame year at Chiapa at the elefion of a new Provinciall, would not forger me
their poorelt friend ft1]l abiding in Guatemala,but remembring that the Univerſityſi(which
belonged chiefly-to the Cloitter ) at Michaelmas would want a new Reader or Maſter
of Arts to begin with Logick , continue through the eight books of Phyſicks, and
to end with the Metaphylicks, propounded me to the new elected Provinciall (whoſe
name was Fryer 7ohy Ximeno) and to the whole Chapter and conventicle of the Pro-
vince for Reader ofArtsin Guatemala the Michaelmas next enſuing. Their ſuit for me
was ſo earneſt and their authority ſo great- thas nothing could be denied them, and
ſo they brought unto me from the Provinciall Chapter- theſe inſuing Letrers Patents,
from Fryer Zohz Ximeno, whoſe form and manner I thought fit here to inſert; our of the
Original in Spaniſp (which to this day abideth with me) for curioſity and fatisfaction of

my Reader.

 

Ray Fuan Ximens Predicador General y Prior Provincial deſta Provincia

de SanVicente de Chiapa y Guatemala,  Orden de Predicadores, Por quanto
ameſtro Convento de Sanito Domingo de Guatemala carece de Lector de Artes,
Por la preſente Tyſtituyo y doy por Leifor Al Padre fray Thomas de Sanita Ma-
ria (1o was my name then, and by this name will ſome Spaniards know me,
who may chance hereafter to read this, and curſe me } por 1a ſatisfaccion que
tengo de ſu ſufficientia, 7 mando al Pe. Prior del dicho nuefro Convento, le
' ponga en poſſeſſion del tal Officio. T para mayor merito de obedientia le mando
7n virtute Spiritus ſandti, et ſanits obedientie, et ſub precepto formali, 1n no-
mine Patris, et Filii, et Spiritus ſaniti. Amen. Fecho en efte nueftro Convento
de Chiapa la Real en nueve de Febrero de 1627, T lamande ſellar cop ſellb major

de antſtro of fictos

Fray Juan Por Mandado de Noſtro Rdo.
or Padre, Fray Juan de Sto.
Ximeno Plis : Domingo Not”.

Notifique eſta Patente 4 el Contenido, en 12 di as del mes de Abril de 1627:
Fray Juan
Baptifta Por.

|
z
|

C

E———

HS
-

This Form according to the Originall in Spani/h is thus_in Exgl;/1,and to this purpoſe.
| "Ryer Fohn Ximeno Preacher Generall, and Prior Provinciall of this Pro-

| £* vince of Saint Fincenr of Chiapa and Guatemala, Order of Preachers,
Whereas _

 
 

_Y

120 A New Surve) of the W eſt-Indies,

Whereas our Convent of Saint Dominick of Guatemala _wantcth and ſtands
in necd of a Reader of Arts: By theſe preſents 1 do inſtitute, 'name and
appoint for Reader Fryer Thomas of Saint Mary, forthe grear fatisfaQtion
which I have of his ſufficiency. And I command the Prior of the aforeſaid
our Convent, that he put him into full poſſeſſion and enjoyment of the ſaiq
Office. And for the greater merit of obedience I command him ( our fore-
named Reader) by vertue of the Holy Ghoſt, and of holy obedience, and un-
der a formall precept, In the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the
Holy Ghoſt, Amen. Datcd inthis our Convent of Chiapathe Royall,the ninth
of February, 1627. And I commanded theſe to be fealed with the grear Seal of

 

 

 

 

our Office,
Fryer Fobn By the command of our Reverend
- Father Fryer Fohn of St,Do-
Ximeno Pal. minick, Notary.
T notified theſe Letters Patents, unto the contained inthem the 12, day of the
moneth of Aprill, 1427.
Fryer Fohn

Baptift, Por.

This honour conferred upon.me a ftranger, and new commer to 'the Province,
madethe Criolian party and ſome others ( who had aymed at thar place and prefer-
menc inthe Univerſity) to ſtomack me. But to me it was a ſpurre to flir and prick.
meon to's more cager purſuit of learning, to frequent the Academylefſons with more
care and diligence ; and to ſpend my ſelfand time, day and night, more in ſtudying ,
that ſoT mighr performe with like honour that which was laid upon"me, and anſwer
the expectation of my beſt and forwardeſt friends. Three years I continued in this
Conyent and City in obedience to the forecited Patents ;_ oftentimes F thought within
iny felf that thehonour of my Eg/5/s Nation herelay upon me in Guatemalz, in not
ſaffering any Spaxiard to go beyond 'me, or to outbrave me with gallant, witty and
well ſceming arguments; and ſo many times I would at nine of the clock at night,
when others were goneto bed, take in my chamber acup of hot Chocolacte,that with
it Tmight baniſh ſleep from mine eyes, and might the bertter continue in my ftudy till
one or two in the morning, being bound to awakeand be up again by fix. I was loath
intheſe three years ro rake upon me any other of ſuch charges which are common in
fuch Convents; bur eſpecially to preach much, and to hear the Confeſſions of ſuch
both'menandwomen as reforted to the Charch ofthat Cloiſter , leſt hereby my ſtu-
dies mighr behindered, and time ſpent inother wayes. Yer:the Prior and Maſter Ca-
bannas would often bevery importunate with me, toobtain the Biſhops Licenſe for
hearing of Confeſſions, and Preaching abroad \in the City and Country. (forin the
Church of thar Cloiſter I might and did ſometimes, though ſeldome, preach with Per-
miffion of the Provinciall ) but thisI ſtronsly refuſed, untill ſuch time as the Provinciall
himſelf came to Gzatemala , who hearing me once Preach, would by all means haye
me further licenſed and authorized from the Biſhop, that ſoT might not be ftraitned
withinthe 'Cloiſters limits, but abroad in other Churches mighr freely Preach, and
thereby getiſome mony for the better furniſhing my ſelf with Bookes. |He therefore
commanded me to be examined by five examiners all able Divines, for the ſpace of three
hours (asisthecuſtome of that Order) and havingthreehours ftood under their hard and
rigid queſtions and examination. havingalſoat the end obtained their approbation, then'
the Provinciall preſented me unt9 the Biſhop with theſe words following, being taken
ourt of the Originall yet abidins with me.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Flffly Fuan Ximono  Predicader Gentral, y Provincial deſta Provincia de
San Ficente de Chiapa 'y Guatemala., 'Orden de Predisadores, Prefento 4
5 Feftra

 
E_

—_— :

 

A New Survey of the Weſt-Jndies. 121

2 &»

2 Z

4

v

 

Yueftra Sennoria Thluſtriſiima al Pagre F ray Thomas de Santta Maria, examinado
4 4 provado por cinco examinadores per vota Secreta, conforme a ameſiras Conſti-
tutiones, Para que Fueſtra Senunoria Tlluftriſff.ma ſe firva de darle licencia para
Confeſſar y Predicar a todo genero de Gente en ſu 0bſpado,Conforme a la Clemen-
tina, Dudum de Scpulturis.

A Vieſtra Sennoria Tfuſtrifima Saplico le aya por Preſentado, y ſe ſirva de dalle
la dicha licencia, que en ello recibire merced.

Fray Juan
or
Ximeno. Palis.

This forme ofPreſentation, uſed among them, naming the party preſenting;and the pars
ty preſented, isin Engliſh much to this purpoſe.

Ryecr Fohn Ximens, Preacher Generall, and Provinciall of this Province of
St.Vincent, of Chiapa and Guatemala, Order of Preachers, do preſent unta
your Lordſhip the farher Fryer Thomas of St. Mary, (already examined, and
approved by tive Examiners by ſecret Votes, according ro our Rule and Con-
ſtitugons) that your Lordſhip may be. pleaſed to grant him licence to hear
Confeſſions andto preachto all ſorts of peoplein your Biſhoprick, according
to that Rule and Canon of Pope Clemenr, beginning with theie words, Dudur

de Sepultures,
I humbly beſeech your Lord(hip, to have him for preſented, and to grant

- him your foreſaid Licence z and therein Iſhallreceive great fayour,

Fryer Fohit
Dn
Ximeno: Pals;

The Biſhop of G»atemala being my great friend, and a well-wiſher to leatning and e:
ſpecaally to that Univerſitie, needed not many words of intreaty, bur preſently gave
me this Licence written on the back-fide ofthe Preſentation, andthat withour any
further examination by his Clergy and part of his Chaprter, which he may and doth
uſe when he pleaſeth.

\ 70 el Maeſiro Dow Frdy Foan de Sandeval, y, Capata," de la orden de
NSm Angnſtin .por la Divina, Gracia Obiſpo de Guatemala y la Yera
PaF, del Conſejo de ſu Magiſtad etc., Por 1a Preſente.. damos *licencia al
Padre Fray Thomas de Sauta Maria-de la, Orden de Predicadores Conteni-
do en la Preſentation de ſu Religion atras Contenids, Para que en toda
efte nuefiro Obiſpado pueda Predicar, y Predique la Palabra de Dios, y para
que pueda adminiſtrar, y adminiſtre e. Sacramento Santo de_la Penitentia
generalmente a todas las Perſonas que cou el tubieres Devacion de Confeſſare
( excepto Monias ) y, 4 las Perſonas que Confeſſare pueda abſolver, y abſuetva
de todos fiis pecados,, Crimines y exceſſos, excepto de los caſos reſervades
4 ſu ſantidad, y a Nos por Direchs, Dada en Ia Cindad de Santiago ae
Guatemald, en quarto de Digtembre de Mill, y Seyſcientos y wveqnte y nneve
Anns.

Cl. Obiſpo de " Por Mandado del Ti}w mi Sen-
Guatemala D nor Pedro Ramirez de Valdes,
Secretarid,

M This'

—.-M&:_.—a_ eICT mn

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

122 A j\(ewſſ'ſſ Sur*vey bfthe Weſt-Indies.

 

ſſ'Iſihſſiis forme of 1icen&: ſio preach andſiear cſſonfeffions, fromrhe Biſhop of Guaremala,
is worth Engliſhing for ſome things init, which Tſhall obſerve with incloſed Paren-
theſes as I goealong for the better reminding'my Reader of them.

C X TEE ( Biſhops in that Church ſcorn the name of 4 ſiogular;perſon, |
\Aj ſhewing they have the power of all 'perfons joyned together\ in them, |
of rich and poor, of hſub]'ect aud Prince) .Maſterand Lord Fryer Fohn de $an-
doval y Capata of the Order of St, Augnſtin (though brought up in 4 poor
Mendiant Cliiſter, yet now he takes upon him the title of a Lord, and, ſhewes |
how Prelates in that Church uſe to Lord it over the people) by the Divine Grace |
Biſhop of Gzazemala and the Yera Pa; ( he ſtyles hinſelf Bifhap by -Diwine
Grace, whereas he himſelf according to the common report of him, as alſo are
moſt Biſhops there made, was made Biſhop not by any Divine Grace, butby un-
warranted Simony and favour from Conrtiers, having given muny thonſand
Crownes for that his Biſhopricke ) of his Majeſties Councell ( Biſhopsthere
muſt be Connſellors to Kings, and medale in Court and Politicke affaires)\by
theſe Preſent give licence to Father Fryer Thomas of Saint Mary, -of the Or-
der of Preachers, contained in the Preſentation from his religious Order on
the back-fide oftais our licence, thatthroughour all our Biſhaprick he may
and do preach the word of God ( ye# 1 confeſſe This word of Gad is lirtle uſed
in Sermons in that Church, but rather the mords of Saints of theirs and Fathers,
and lying words of miracles, wheremith they ſtuſfe up a whole houres preaching )
and thathe may and do adminiſter the holy Sacrament of Penance (-or holy
as it came from the month of himto whom the Seraphims-cry Holy, Holy, Holy,
but as it came from the head of Rome, who ſacrilegiouſty flyles himſelf Holjo
*neſſe and woſt Holy Father, Not a Sacrament as ſo left and ordainedbyChriſt,
but one of Romes ſeven Sacraments, which as it is a City known and diſftin-
gviſhed by ſever hils, ſo will that Church be known and diſtinguiſhed from the
rrue Church by ſeven Sacraments) generally toall perſons, which ſhall have
devotion to confeſſe with him, excepting Nuns (thi Biſhop had in that City
one of the ſix Fudges of the Chancery his daighter aNun called Donna Juana
de Maldonado y Paz, whom he loved dearly, and much conferred with her in
private inthe Cloifter, whaſe private conferences he was jealows they Pould
be known in Confeſion, and therefore would ſuffer none to heay Nuns Confeſ-
ſoons , but ſuch aswere his moſt intimate frieads, and of whom he had great
ſatisfa33on, alleadging this reaſoa that ſuch as heard Nuns Confeſcions onght
20 be very Skilfull and experienced inſuch wites, and men of age; for that grea-
ter caſes of Conſcience were to be met with in Nuns Confeſſtons, then in others.
By which reaſon he unwiſely brought an aſperſion upon thoſe irgins, who ſhould ſſ
live chaſtly and holily as fezarat'ed from the world and incliſed, and yet it ſeems [-0
by this Biſhops opinion, that within their incloſed wals ſins are committed mare
grievous then abroad in the wide world,aud ſuch as miy P#X3Xe 4 Ghiſtly Fa-
ther if not skilfull and ancient ) and thathe mayand do abſolye all perſons
which ſhall confefſe with him ( if only God can pardon, and abſolve from ſin,
Ohhow # Gods' power arrogated andtaken, 'yea and abuſed by thoſe ſatriltegious j
Prieſts ! ) from alltheir ſins,” crimes, and exceſſes, excepting ſuch caſes as are
reſerved to his 'Holincſſe, and tous by Canon right. ( 4 wicked rult and Ca-
70n, 4 Government certainly moſt cruell and tyrannicall, that binds poor wret-
ches in ſome caſest0 gofrom. America to Rome, at leaft eight thouſamd miles to
elear their Conſciences before the' Pope , or elſe they muſt die withomt pardon
and abſolution from ſia , many having not meants to 20 thither, nor gifts to
beſtow upon their Pope, who m be bribed 10 abſolve thew, O how more ſnj;et,
, comfor-

 

 

 

 
 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

O” -

: A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies. 123

ſiſſ comfortablctc ar_ad fnfzſſ? * it for a heinous ſinmct:ſſ- and o_ffeſſndour even at home or in tZe——ct_—ſſ j

Gy Church grieving'within bis heart, and keeping withia bimſelf, to lift up abroken
heart, and make that poite and fliewith wings of Eagles to the high Throne of

), Gods grace and mercy, with aſſured confidence that there only is parZon, remiſſion

, anf:i abſolution ſigrctmted to all juch as do truely and unfeignedly repent of their ſins

_ crimes and exceſſes ! ) Dared in the City of St. Fames of Gruatemala, the {oirch

" day of Decerber, in the year of our Lord 1629.

M ' £

K The Biſhop of By the Command of my muſt

ſſ : y

” Gnatemala. ' Ilaſtrious Lord, Peter Ramirez

t de Valdes. Secr ctary.

þ : , —A

l Thus with fulland ample Commiltion from the Biſhop and the Provinciall was I ſet-

£ ledin Gzatemala,to read and preach, where (although I might have. continued many

ſſ years, and was offered to read Divinity, having in part begun it one quarter of a year )

y Tcontinued yet but three years and almoſt an half for the reaſon 1 ſhall ſhew hereafter.

o So what in that rime I could obferve of that City, and of che Countrey round a-

n bout ,- having had occaſions to travaile about it both when I lived in Guatemala, and
q afterwards when I lived for above ſeven years in the Countrey Towns, I ſhall truly
n1 and faithfully recommend unto my Reader. This City of Gzatemala (called by the
Spaniards, Santjago, or St. Zames of Guatemalais ſeatedin a valley, whieh is not above
) two miles anda halfe broad, for the high:mountains do.keep it cloſe in; but in length
{) rowards the South-ſea it containesa-wide and champaigne Countrey , opening ir felf
th broader a little beyond that Town.,. which to this day is called !a C:zdad Vieja,or the
h old City, ſtanding ſomewhat aboye three miles from Guatemalg. Though the moun-
rains on each. ſide do ſtrongly environ it, andeſpecially on the Eaſt-ſide feem to Mng
over it, yet.none of them- are hinderers ro Travellers, who over them haye, opened

) wayes eafie for man and beafts though heavily laden with wares of all ſorts. The way
: from 2exzco ; if taken by the coafſt of Soconnuzco, and Suchetepeques comes into the
l City North-weſt-ward, which is a_ wide, open and ſandy rode if ic be taken by

Chiapa, it lyeth North-gaft, and entreth into_the City berween the mountains, as
before hath-been noted. Weſt-ward, to the Sourh-ſea the way lyerh openthrough the
valley anda champaigne Countrey. _ But South or South-caſt, rhe entrance is over
highand ſteepy hils , which.is the common rode from Comayagua, Nicaragaa, and the,
| Golfodnlce or freet Gulfe, where the ſhips come yearly and unlade all the Commodittes
waich are brought from Spain for Guatemala. Thisallo is the way followed by them
ſſ who.rake a journey meer Eaſt-ward from this, Ciry.. But the chicfeſk mountains, which
| ſtraighren in this City and valley are two, called Vulcanes,. the one being a Vulcan of
water,and the other a Vulcan or mountain of fire, termed fo by the Spaxiards, though
veryimproperly a Vulcan may beſaid to contain water , it taking its name, from tfic
heatheniſh God 7z{cap, whole profeſſion and imployment chiefly was in. fire. Theſe
two famous mountains ftand almoft the one over againſt the other, on each ſide of the
valley ;..that of water hanging on the South-ſide almoſt perpendicularly over the City,
the other of fire ſtanding lower fromit, more oppoſite to the old City. That of water
is higher then the other, and yeelds a goodly proipedt tothe ſight, being almoſt all the
year green, and full of 7»dian Milpa's which are plantations of Indray wheat.; and in,
the ſmall and petry Towns which lie ſome halfway up it,:ſome ar, the foot, ofit, there,
are Roſes, Lillies,/and other flowers all the year: long in the Gardens, beſides Plan-
tins, Apricockes, and.many ſorts of ſweet and delicate fruits. Itis called by the Spani-
ards, e Vulcan del agua, or the Vulcan of water, becauſe on the other ſide of it from,
Gratemalait ſprings with many brooks towards a Town called Sainr Chriftopher , and
eſpecially is choughr ro preſerve and nouriſh on.that ſide alſo z great lake of freſh water,
by the Towns called Azatirlayand Petapa. But on.the fide of it towards Guatemala
and thevalley it yeelds alſo ſo-many ſprings of ſeet and freſh warer,as have cauſed and
madea river which runneth along the valley cloſe by the City, andisthat which drives, -
the water-mils ſpoken of before in Xocotenango. This river was not known when firft

the Spanjards conquered that Countrey; but fince, according totheir conftant Traditi.
M z : 0ng

eln3 em e- P. -
 

 

A New Smog of the Welk-Indis

 

: ontſiſſ-ſſ the City of Guatemalaſtanding higher and. nearer to-rhe Pulcaw in that place and
Town: which to this day is called /a CindadV/ieja,or the old Ciry, t_h_ere lived init thert
aboutthe' year 1534+ a Gentlewoman called Doana HHaria de Caſtilia,, whohaving loft
her busband in the warres, and-that ſame year burxf_:d a_lſo all her cluldren_,ſſgrcwio_lm-
patient under theſe her croſles and afflictions , that impiouſly ſhe defied God, faying,
Whatcan God do more unto me-now then he hath done ? he hath done his worſtwith-
out it berorake away my life alſo., which T now regard not. Upon theſe words thete
guſhed our of this Vulcan ſuch a fiood of water as cariedaway thiswoman wirh-the
{tream , ruined many ef the houſes, and cauſed the inhabirants.coremove to the place
where now ftandeth Guatermala: This is the Spaniards own Tradition, which if true',
ſhould beour example to learnto. fear and not to defie God , when his judgments
ſhew him tous angry anda God that will overcome, when he judgeth. From rhar time,
and from this their Tradition is the Town now ftanding where firtk ftood Gratwnala ,
called /a Cindad Vieja, or the old Ciry, and hath cpntinued a river which before_ was
not known , having its- headand ſpring fromthis high Vulcan, whoſe pleaſan}'ſprxqgs,
cardens, fruits, flowersand every green and flouriſhing proſpe& mighr bea fair obje&
to 2 Martials wit, who here would fanciea new Parnaſſis , find out new ſteps of flying
Pegaſis, and greet the Nymphes and nine Siſters' with this their neyer yer diſcovered
and Americay habitation, This Vulcan or mountain is not ſo- pleaſing ro' the fighe
(whoſe height. is judged full nine milesunto the top ) but the other which/ſtanderh ow
the other fide of the valley oppoſite unto ir, is unpleatins and more dreadfulltobeliold;
for here are aſhes for beauty, ſtones nnd flints for fraits andflowers, baldneſfe for green-
neſſe, barrenneſle for frurtalneſfſe, for water whiſperings and fountain murmurs, noiſe
of rhunders and roaring of confuming metals, for running ftreams, flaſhings of fire) for
tall and mighty trees and Cedars, Caſtles of ſmoakriſingin height to out-dare the skie
and firmament, for fweet and odoriferous and fragrant ſmels, a ftink of fire andbrim-
ſone,, which are ſtillinaCtion firiving withinthe bowels of that ever burning and fiery:
Fulcan.. Thus is Gzatemala feated in themidft of a Paradifſe 6n the one fideand a hellon
the other, yet never hath this hell broke fo looſe as to confunte that flonriſhing City.
True irisformerly many years agoeit openeda wide mouth: on the top, and breathed
our. ſuch fiery aſhes as filled the houſes of Gzatemala andthe Countrey about,and par=
chedall the planrs and fraits, and ſpued out fuch ſtones and rocks which had they
fallen apon the City would have cruſhed it to pieces, bur they fell not far from it,but
to this day lie abour the bottome and fidesof ir, cauſing wonder. to! thoſe thar behold
them, andtaking away admiration from them that admire the forceand ftrength of fire
and power in carrying ona weighty bullet from rhe mouth of a canon, whereas here
the fire of tltis mountain hath caſt up ints theaire and tumbleddown to the bortonv
ofit ſuch rockesasin bigneſle exceed a reaſonable houſe, and which not the ſtrength of
any twenty Mules (as hath been tried) have beetiable to remove. The fire which flaſh-
eth out of the top of this mountain is ſometimes more and ſometimes lefſe ; yet while
T hved inthe City, on a certain time for the ſpace of rhree or four dayes ind nights
ir did fo burne that my friend Mr. Cabannas confidently avouched to me and others;
that ftanding one night in his window hehad withrhe light ofthar fire read aletter,
the diſtance bcing aboye three Emgi;/ miles. The roaring alſo of this monſtrpus
beaſt is not conſtantly alike, but is greater in the ſummer time then in the winrer, that
is, fromOftabc# to theend of April, then all the reſt of the year ; for then it ſeems, the
winds entring into thoſe concavities ſer the fireon work harder then at other rimes,an#
cauſe themountain to roar andthe earthabout to quake. There Wasatime three years
before my coming to that City ,, when the inhabirants expe&ed nothing but utrer

quakes continuing and encreaſing more and more) but made bowers and arbours in the
Marker place, placingthererheir Idojl Saints and Images,eſpecially St. Sebaftian, whons
they hoped would deliver thein from'thar judgment, and for rhis purpoſe they dayly
carried him rhrough the ſtreersin folemn and Idolatrous proceſſion and adoration. But:
alithe while Tlived there the noiſe within the mountain, rhe ſmoak and flaſhesof fire
withour., and the Sumnerearth-quakes were fach that with the uſe and cuſtome of
them 7 never fearcd any thing, but thoughr that Ciry the healthieft and plexſanceſt place
of dwelling that ever I came info inall my travels. The climate is very temperate, far
exceeding.either -Mexico'of Guaxaca; Neither are the rwo fore-named Cities %eccexſi

ored

 

ruine and deſtruction, and durſt not abide within rheir houſes for nine dayes (the carth-"

 

R eeuat o M B

 
—_—O, )

CE- 5 ”

_—_—

_—Ua.

—_—— 5 5

07n

A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies, 125

 

ttored with fruits, herbes for falets, proviſion of fiſh,and fleſh,BeefMurton, Veal, Kid,
Fowles, Turkies, Rabbets, Quailes, Partridges, Pheafants; and of 1d;a and Spanih
Wheat, then is this Ciry : from the South Sea ( which lyech in ſome places not above
twelve leagues from'it ) and from the Rivers of the Sourh Sea Coaſt, ard from the freſh
Lake of Amatitlan and Perap., and from another Lake lying three or four leagues from
Chimaltezango, it is well and plenrifully provided for of fiſh, Bur for Beef there's ſuch
plenty, thar 1t exceeds all parts of Axicrica, without exception, as may be known by the
Hydes, which are ſenr yearly to Spaiz from the Countrey 0f Gaaterala, where they com-
monly kill their Catrell, more for the gain of their Hydes in Spain, then for the $00dnefſe

or fatneſſe of the fleſh, which though it be not to compare to our E7/:5 Beef, yet it is

good mans mear, and ſo cheap, thatin my time it was commontly fold at thirteen pound
and a halffor halfa Riall, the leaft coyne there, and as much asthree pence here. Though
all abour this Countrey there are yery great and ſpatious Eftancia's, cr Farms for breed-
ing only, even neer to the Golfo Dylce, where the ſhips ride that come from Spain, yet
from Comayagna, St. Salvador and N; icaragua, 1S Guatemala ftored ; But aboye all are the
grear Eftancia's in the South Sea Coaft or Marſh, wherein my time there was a Grazier
that reckoned up going in his own Eftancia and ground, forty thouſand heads of Beafſts,

{mall and great, befides many which are called there $;7narrohes, or wild Cattelt,
which were ſtrayed among the Woods and Mountains, and could not be gathered in
with thereft, bur were hunted by the Black-mores like wild Bores; and dayly ſhot to
death, left rhey ſhould roo much increaſe and do hurt. My felf chanced to be prefent

at the Fair, of the Town of Perapa, with a friend named Lope- de Chaves, (who was

as they call there, Obligado, or charged to provide fleth for fix or feven Towre
thereabours ) who at one bargain, and of one man, boughr ſix thouſand head of Car-

tell, sreatand ſmall, paying one with another eighteen Rials, or nine Eng/ſp ſhillings

a head. : 7

The manner and cuſtome of Gzateral, for the better providing both Beef and Mutton

for it, andthe Countrey Towns abour, is this. Nine dayes before Michaelmas , every

day Proclamation is made about the City for an Obligado ” or 'one rhat will be

bound ro the City and Countrey for competent proviſion of Bleth mear upon forfei-

ture of fuch a ſfumme of money to his Majeſty, if he fail, as ſhall be agreed up-

on berween him and the Cqurt , and to the Inhabitants of the Ciry ; if he fail in Beef,

he isroallow in Mutton ſo many pounds at the fame rate as he'ſhould have allow-,

ed Beef. If the Obligado fail in Mutron, he is to_ allow in Fowle fleſh, ſo many-
pounds and at the famerate ashe was to allow the Mutton ; and rhis with” con-

fiderarion of the family, what comperenr allowance of fleſh mear ſhall be judged fora

day, orthe dayes thatthe Obligado thall fail. Beſides this the Proclamation is made

for whom offers moſt ro his Majeſty for one years Obligarion. So thar ſometimes it' hap-

peneth thar the eighr dayes ſeverall men come into the Courr, offering more and more,

rill upon the ninth day and laſt Proclamation; the Office is ſerledfor one year upon

him thar hath offered moſt unto his Majefty. Thus many Burchers are nor allowed
but one only Obligado, whoalfo isabridged to ſo matiy pound for ſo much mony, ſo

thar ifany other befides him offer to kill or ſell, he may follow an aion and the Court,
againſt bim : Thus the Obligado (who commonly is a monied man ) bayerh by the
hundred orby the thouſand,, as for the prefent he findeth the expence of the City

wirhout he be himfſelf ſuch a Grazier, as hath Carrell enough of his own. Though

Mutton be nor ſo plentifull as is Beef, yet there never wants from the Valley of 247x-

co, Penola, Pirapa, and Amatitlan, andthe Marjh and other places. 'Inthe Valley fore-

named T hved, and was well acquainted with one 4/oyſo Capata, who had conltantly

Soins inthe Valley four thouſand ſheep. Graremals therefore is {o well ftored with

ood proviſion, plentifull and cheap, that it is hard ro finde init a begger, for with

[gm!fa Ralt the pooreft may buy Beeffor a week, and with a few Cacao's they may

have bread of 12454y Maiz, ifnor of Spaziſh Wheat. This City may confiſt of about

five thouſand families, beſides a Suburb of 7:d5ans calted e/ Barrio de Sto. Domingo,

where may be two hundred families more. The belt part of the City is that which

Joyneth to this Suburb of 7-d;aps, and'is called alſo & Barrio Santo de Domingo, by rea-

fon of the Cloiſter of Saint Dowinick, which ftandeth in it. Here are the richeſt and

beft ſhops of the City, wirh the beſt buildings, moſt of the houſes being new, and

ftarely: Here is alfo a dayly Tianguez (asthey callir) or petty Market, where fome

M 3 " Tndians

 

 

 

 

 
 

16 - A NewSuroey of the Weſt-Indies,

 

 

Trdians all the day ſitſelling fruics, Herbs, and Cacao, but at the fourin the after-

noon, this Market is filled for a_matter of an hour , where the ];m'm-(; women meet ro

ſell-their Countrey ſlap, (which 1s dainties to the Criohans) as+ Atolle, Pinole, ſcalded

Plantains, butter of the Cacao, puddings made of 1ndian Maiz, with a bic of Fowle |

or freſh Porke in them ſeaſoned with much red biting Chille, which they call- Anaca-.

tamales, Thetrading of the City is great, for by mules1t partakes of the beſt comme-

dities of Mexico, Graxacaand Chiapa, and Southward of Nicaragua,and Coſtarica. By

Sea it.hath commerce with Pery, by rwo Sea ports and Havens, the one called /a 74z

de IaTrinadad, the Village ofthe; Frinity, which \yeth Southward from_it five and

twenty, leagues.; and by another called e/ Realejo, which lycth five or ſixand forty leagues

fromit. It hath traffique with Spain by the North Sea from 7f», dzlce, lying three-

ſcore leagues from.it., It is not. Jo richas other Ciries, yer for the quantity-of .it, it |

yeelds to none. - There werein my time five ( beſides many other Merchanrs whowere

judged worth twenty thouſand Duckats, thirty thouſand, fifty rhonſand, ſome few

a hundred'thonſand) who were judged of equall wealth, and generally reported to

be worth each of: them five hundred thouſand Duckats ; the firit was Thomas de Silie-

zer., A Biſcain. born, and Alcalde de, Corte , the Kings high Juftice, or chief Officer at

Court; the ſecond was Antonio Inſtiniano, 2 Genovors born, and one that bore often

Offices/in the City, and had many Tenementsand houlſes, eſpecially a_great and rich

Farm for Corn and Whear in the Valley of 275xco. Thethird was Pedrode Lira,born

in Caſti/ia, the fourth and fifth, Antonzo Fernandez, and Bartolome Nunnez, both Portin-

Fals, whereof the. firſtin my time departed from Guatemala for ſome reaſons which

hereImuſt conceale.  The.other fonr I left there, the three of them living at thar

end; of the City.called Zarrio de Santo Domingo, or the {treer of St. Deminick,, whole

houſes and prelence makes that fſtreet excell all thereſt of the Ciry, and their wealth

and trading were enough to denominate Gnatemala a very rich City.  The Govern-

ment: of altthe, Countrey abour,  and'of all Honduras, Soconuſco,Comayarua,Nicaragua,

Coſta Rica, Vera Paz, Cuchutepeques, and. Chiapa ,: is ſubordinate unto. the Chancery

of Guatemala ; for although every Governour over. theſe ſeyerall Provinces-1s ap-

pointed by. the King and Councell of Spain, yet when they come to; thoſe |

parts.to the enjoyment of their charge and execution. office, then rheir aCtions, 1f l

unjuſt, are. weighed, judged, cenſured; and..condemned by_ the Count. reſiding_ in l
l

 

 

the City. . This Court of Chancery conſiſteth ofa Preſident, lix Judges, one, Kings
Atrourney ,- and two. chief Juſtices of Court., The Preſident though he haye-nor
the-name and title of Viceroy, as they of Z4ex5coand Pery, yet his power is as great
and abſolute as theirs. His Penſion from the King is but twelve thonſand Duckats
2 year.; but beſides this, if he be covetous, he makes by bribes and trading twice as |
much more, nay: what he lift, as was ſeen in the Connt de 1aGomera, Prefident of thar |
City and Chancery for the ſpace of fourteen years, who departed in old age from
Guatemalat0 Canaria ( where. was his houſe and place of birth ) worth Millions of
Duckats. After him facceeded Don 7nan de Guzman, formerly Prefident of Santo |
Domingo, who lofing his Wife and Lady in the way, loſt alſo hisformer ſpirit and cou-
rage,; beraking himſelf wholly to his devotions, contemning wealth and riches , go-
verningwith loveand mildneſſe, which made the reſt ofthe Judges, who wereall tfor
lucre, ſoon weary him out of his office, continuing init but five. years. His ſucceſ-
ſor (whom Ileft rhere when Icame away): was Don Gonſalo de Paz y Lorencana, who |
was promoted fromthe Preſidency of. Payama to that place, and came.into it with |
ſuch a ſpirit of covetouſneſle as the like had not been ſeen in' any. former Preſident. |
He forbad all-gaming in private houſes inthe City, which thereis much uſed (chough |
by women not-ſo much as in.Zexico). not. for that he hated it , bur becauſe he en- (
vied; others , what they got and gained by their Cards,  drawing to - himſelf thereby |
all thar gain, ſpending ſometimes in one night four and twenty paire of Cards, ap- ſſ\
pourting a Page to aſliſt at the Tables, andto ſeethe box wellpaid for every pair of |
Cards, which for his, and his Gourt reſpe&, was ſeldome lefſe then a crown or two
for every pair..,. Thus did he lick up with his Cards moſt of the gameſters gaines , and
would grudge and pick quarrels with ſuch rich men whom he knew to affet ga-
ming , if they frequented not his Court at.night time for that bewitching Recrea-
tion.
The Penſion which the King alloweth to every Judge of Chancery is four :.houl;:mzi
Duckats

 
A NewSurveyof the Welt-Indies. — 127

 

Exchequer abiding inrhat City, . Yet what befides they get by bribes/;and tradins1s
ſo much, that T have. heard a Judge himfelf Das Luis de 1as Tnfentas, fay, that thoſibgh
2 Judges placeat. Adexicoand Limabe more honourable, yetnonemare ſiroficab]e then
Gaatemala: In: my time/ were fuch cauſes at Chaheery tried, as had never_been. of
: murthers, robberies,.and op}yreiiions, and- whereas it was expected- the offendants ſ(,),me
ſhould -be hanged, ſome baniſhed, ſome imprifoned,ſame by finesimpoveriſhed, bribes
, rook all of,ſorharFnever knew one hanged inthar Ciry for the ſpace of above eighc

years. The Churches though they. be not ſo fair and-rich as thoſe of dexico;yet they are
for that place wealthy-enough: Thereis but one Pariſh Churchand a Carhedrall which
& ſftandeth in_the-chiet Markerplace;Allthe other Churches belonging to Cloilters which
it are; of: Domivicans, \Franciſcans;, Mercenarians,; Auguſtines, and jeſuires anſſd Bwo
e of Nuns;, called the Conception and St, Catharize. The Dominicans, Franciſcans, and
Metcenarians.are facely Cloikters, containing neer a_ hund:4d Fryers a piece; but aboye
» allis the Cloiſter where T lived;  ofthe Dominicans, ro which is joyred in'a great Walk
befotethe Churchthe Utiverſicy ofthe Ciry. The yearly: revenues which comeinro this
(;mifierſſſiwhz_c from the 1nd5an\Towns belonging toit, whar from @a water-mill, what
from:a tanmefor-Corn, what from an Eftancia, or farme for Horſes and Mules, what
from anIngenio, or farmeof Sugar, what from a Mine of ſilver given unto ir the year
1633: are judged -to - be ( excepting all charges,) art leaſt thirry thoufand »duckarsi;
wherewith thoſe farFryers feaſtchemielves, 'and have to ſpare to build, and enricſi
rheir Charch and Altars. - Befides| much treaſure belonging to:it, thereare two-things
iriit,-which the Spaxiards in merriment would' often tell: me that the Z7:g/:6  Nation
did-much enquire after, when they took any ſhip of theirsat Sea,, and thar theylfeared
Lwas:come to'ſpiethem., which'were"a Lampe of ſilver hanging before the high Al-
rar, ſo-big asrequiredthe ſtrength of three men to hale it up with a-rope ; but- the
other-is 'of more value ; which 18a-pi&ure of the Virgin-Mary of pure filver,and of
the ftature of a-reaſonable tallwoman,, which ſtandethin-a Tabernable made on pur-
poſein a Chappel of the Roſary withoatleaft a dozen lampes of {ilver alfo burning be-
t foreic: A hnndred thoufand duckats might ſoon be: made up of the treaſure belon-
ging to that Churchand Cloifter;- Within the. wals 'of the: Cloiſter there- is-nothing
wanting which may-further pleaſure and recreation. Inthe lower Cloiſter 'there is a
ſpatious garden, in the midſt whereof is a fountain caſting up the water, and ſpow-
ring -ir.our ofatleaſt a.dozen pipes, which fill two ponds full-of fiſhes, and with this
their:conſtant:running/-grve muſicke to.the-whole Cloitter, - and; encouragement 't9 ma-
ny water-fowles-and' Ducks to'bark and waſh themſelves therein. - Yerfurther wichin
the Cloiſter, there are 'other two gardensfor ffaits/and herbage,andin the one a/pond
of a.quarter of a milelong, all paved at the bottom, anda low ftone wall abont,where
is boar for the Fryers-recreation, who often- goe thither co- fiſh,, and do ſumetimes
upona fuddain want- or occaſion. rake out-from: thence as much fiſh'as will giverothe
whole-Cloikera:dinner. The other. Cloiſters'of the! City are alſo rich; bur next to
the Dominicansis the Cloiſter-of:Nuns, called the Conception, in which at-my time
rhere were judgedro livea thouſandwomen,-nor. all: Nuns,, bur Nuns, and- their ſer-
ving maids or flaves, and young children which'werebroughtup and taught-ro- work
by che Nuns. The Nuns that are profeſſed-bring with thentheir portions, tive-hundred
dnckatsche leaſt; ſome fix handred, ſome feven;:and ſome a thouſand, which- portions
after a few years (and continuing to the Cloiſter after the Nuns deceaſe) come to make
up a great yearlyrent. They thar will have maids within to wait on them' may,) brin-
gins rhe bigger-/portion, or allowing yearly for their ſervanrs diet. In this-Cloſter lis
ved that Doyna Prdna de Matdonads Judge Fuan aldenado de Paz bis daughter. whom
the Biſhop ſo-utuch converſed withall.  Shewas very fair and beautifull, and not: miich
aboye twenty years of age;/and.yet his loveblinding him, he irove what he cou!ld
in my time again{t all theancient Nunsand Siſters, ro make her Superiour and Abbeſſe.,,
and caufed fuch a mutiny anderifeinthat Cloiſter, which- was very ſ{candalous-to the
whole City, and'made many-rich Merchants and Gentlemen-run to the Cloifter with
their ſwords dravine;threatning to break in amongft the Nuns to defend: their daugh-
rers againſt the powerfull fation.which- the Biſhop had wrought for Donna Juana de
Maldenads - which they had' performed'if>the Preſident - Don Fuan de Guzman had
nor. ſent' Jaau Maldoaadyde Paz;che yong Nans farher, ro inreeat her rodefiſÞin regarg

9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

123 A New Survey of the Weſt-Indies.

" of her yong agefrom her ambitious thoughts of being Abbeſſe. With this the mutiny

 

both within and without ceaſed, the Biſhop gotbur ſhame, and his youns fiſter contiou-
edas before under command and obedience, to amorereligious, grave, andaged Nun
rhen her ſelf. This Douna 7uana de Maldmado y Paz was the wonder of all thar
Cloiſter, yea of allthe Ciry for her excellent voice, and skillin 'muſick, andincarri-
age, and education yeelded to none abroad nor within; ſhe was witty , well ſpoken
and above all a Calope, or Muſe for ingenious and ſuddain verſes ; which the Biſhop
faid, ſo much moved him to delight in her company and converſation.  Her Father
thought nothing too good, nor roo much for her ; and therefore having no .other
children, he dayly conterred upon her riches, as might beſt beſeem a Nun, as rich and
coſtly Cabiners facedwith gold and filver, picures and Idols for her chamber with
crowns and jewels to adornthem/; which with other preſents from the Biſhop '(who
dying in my time left not wherewith.to pay his debrs, for thar as the report wenr,, he
had ſpent himſelf and. givenall unto this Nun ) made this Donua Juana de Maldona-
do ſotich andftately , that at her own charges ſhe built for herſelf a new quarter
within the Cloiſter with rooms and galleries, and a private garden walke; and kepr
at workeand to wait on her half a dozen Black-more maids : but aboyeallſhe placed
her delight in a private chappell or Cloſet to pray in, being hung with rich hangings,
and round abour it coſtly lamina's (as they call them) or pictures painred upon brafſe
ſet in black Ebony frames with corners of gold, ſome of ſilver brought to her from
Rowe ; her Altar wasaccordingly decked with Jewels, Candleſticks, Crownes, Lamps,
and covered with a Canopie embroidered with gold; inher Cloſer ſhe had her finall
organ., and many ſorts of muſicall inftruments , whereupon ſhe played ſometimes by
herſelf, ſometimes with her beſt friends of the Nuns; and here eſpecially ſhe enter-
tained with muick her beloved the Biſhop. 'Her Chappel or place- of devotion was
credibly reported about the City to be worth at .leaſt fix thouſand crowns which was
enough for a Nun that had yowedcchaſtity, poverty,-and obedience: - Bur all this after
her deceaſe ſhe was to leave to the Cloiſter;and doubtleſſe with rhisState, and richesſhe
would win more and more the hearts of the common ſort of Nuns, 'till ſhe had made a
ſrong party, which by this may have made her Abbeſſe. Thus is ambition and defire of
command and power crept into.the walls of Nunneries;like the abominations in the watl
of Ezekzel, and hath poſleſſed the hearts: of Nuns, which ſhould be humble, poor; and-
mortified Virgins. :

Bur beſides this one Nun, there are more, and alfo Fryers, who are very rich ,
forif the Ciry berich (as.is this ) and great trading in-it, they will be ſure to have a
ſhare. Great plenty and-wealth hath made the inhabitants as proud agd vicious, as
are thoſe of 2exico. Here'is not only Idolatry , but Fornication and uncleanneſſe as
publick asin any place of the 7adia's : The Mylatra's, Black-mores , Meſticd's, Indi-
ans, and all common ſort of peopleare mach made on by the greater and richer ſorr,
and go as gallantly apparrelled as do thoſe-of Aexico, fearing neither a VYulcan or
mountain of water on the one fſide, which they confeſſe hath once powred outa flood
and river executing Gods wrath againt fin there commirted ; neither a Vulcan of fire,
or mouth ofhell on the other fide, roaring within and threatning to rain upon them
Sodomes ruine and deſtruRtion;neither the weakneſſe of their habiration; lying wide open
onevery fide, without wals, or workes, or bulwarkes, ro defend them, or withour
guns, drakes, bullers, or any Ammunition to ſcare away an approaching enemy , who
may fafely come- and without reſiſtance upon them who hive as profeſſed enemies
of Jeſus Chriſt, This is the Ciry of :Sr. Fames or Santjago de Guatemala, the head of
a vaſte and ample Dominion, which' exrendeth ir ſelf nine hundred miles to Nzcoya
and Coſta Rica South-ward ; three hundred miles to Chiapa and Zoques North-ward ;
a hundred and fourſcore. miles to the further parts of Yera Pax, and the Golfo drlce
Eaſ'c(iward; and to the South-ſea twenty. or thirty, in ſome places forty miles Weſt-
ward.

From Tepoantepeque ( which is no harbour for any great ſhips) which ftandeth from
Guatemala at lealt four hundred miles , thereis no landing/placefor ſhips neerer to this
City then'is:the village de 1a Trinidad, or of the Trinity. The chief commodities
which from along that coakt are brought to Gaatemala, are from the Provinces of Soco-
»4zco.and Schntepequer, which are extream hot, and ſabje& to thunder and light-
ning, where groweth ſcarce any remarkeable commodity, fave only. Cacao, Achiotte,

ſi Mecaſuchil.,

 

 
A New Survey: of the W eſt-Indies, 129

ESEnE eD CR

Aechaſuchil, Bainillzs and* other drags:for Chocolatte, except: it be: ſome 1udigo and
Cochini! about'St. Aztonze, whichiis the chief and head Town of all the Sucherepeques.
Bur all the coaſt neer joyningto'Gratemala, eſpecially abour a: Town: called Lxquinta

- or 7xquintepequetwelye leagues:from Gaatemala; is abſolutely. the richeſt part-of [h;
Domimon of this Ciry ;. for, there is-made the- greateſt: part of the Tadigo whiclvis fent
from' Hondyras tO Spainz belides themighty farmes of Catrell/which are all along that
marſh. Though the livinghere' be profirable and* rhefoil rich; yer itis uncomfortable
by reaſon of the grearhear, thundrings and lightnings, eſpecially from {ay to' Micha-
clmas: TfGnatemala beftrong '(though nov in- Weaponsor Ammunition) in people; it

' isſtrong from hence from a deſperare ſort:of Black-mores,whoare flaves: in thoſe Eftan-

ſſ'ſiffi ci'sand farms of 7zd;go. Though theyhave no weapons buta 27atherre, whichisa ſhort

- Tuck, or lances to/ run at the wilde Catrel, yerwith theſe they are ſo deſperate, rhar-he

.le City of Gratemala hath often been afraidotithem, andthe Maſters 6f their- own ſlayes and\

ſervants. Some of them. fearnor t0-encounter a: Bull though wild/ and mad; and:to

graple intherivers (which-are many there') with. Crocodiles; or Lagarto's, as there

they call chem, tillthey have overmaſtered them; and brought rhem our to land fromthe

warer. /

This hot, but rich- Countrey runs 0n by the Sea fide unto the Village'of the Trinity,,
which (chough ſomewhardangerous)yert is@ haven for ſhips' from Panama, Peru ,and!
Mexics ;Tt lervesto enrich Gzater ala,but not to ftrengthenit, for it hachneither fort,nor
bulwarke, nor Caftle, novany/ Ammunition'to defend ir ſe]f. Berweenthis Village and'the!
other Havencalled Realejo, thereisa great Creek from'the Sea/; whereſmall veſſels do uſe:
ro-comein for-freſh water and: ViEtuals ro/St. 2ſzgnel' a Town: of Spaniards and Tadians,
from whence thoſe thar travaile to Realejo paſſe over in-leſſe. them a day to. a' Towni:of
Tandianscalled LaVieja, twomiles-from Reatejo, whither the journey'by landfrom St. 24
grel is of atleaft three dayes. Burneither this Creck or Arme of the Seais fortified (whichy
miglit be:done with-one or two piecesof Ordinanceat moſt placedarthe mouth of the ſeas!
fe entrance) neither is the' Reateotftrongiwith any Ammunition; no.nor' with people, for it

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4 conſiſtsnot ofabove two-hundredfamilies, andimoſt of themare* Iydians and' rſtico's,
of a people ofno courage, and'very-unfir to:defend)ſuetian open- paſſage to' Guaremala and
l Kicaragna, which here begins and continues in-ſmall and perry 1dian Fowns unto' Zron

ul and Granada.
On the North fide of Gaaremala Þ fhail notneedto add to:what' hathbeen'faid-of
Suchmepequerand: Siconuzco, and' my journey that way-from Z#exico and Chiapa. The
| chieffide of Gratemala istharonthe Eaſt; which-points our the way/ to the (folfe , or
; Golfe. dalce;0v as others callit'St, Thomas de Caſtitia. This way ismore beaten by Mules
) and Travellers,thenthat on the North fide, for that 2Zexico ftanderh three hundred
leagues frotmrhis City, and'the' Golfe but threeſcore, and'no- ſuch- paſſages/as' are in
ſome plaresin the Rodeto' Mexico: Beſides the: great trading, commerce, and trafs
fique, whichthis City injoyeth-by that' Golfe from Spain, hath maderhat Rode exceed
,all the reſt.” Tn Z1y orar fartheſtinthe beginning' of Agnſt come inro thar Golfes
three ſhips, or two,ind frigate, andunlade whatthey-have brought from/ Sparzin Bode=
45 0r grear Lodges, builr 0n purpoſero keep/ dry andfrom the wearher the commodi-
ries. They preſently make haft to lade again from Guatemals thoſe Merchants commo=
dittes of return', which peradventure havelien waiting for them'in-che Bodega's two
or three monerhs' before-the ſhips arrivall. So that rheſe: three moneths of 7aly ,
Auguſft and Seprember,” thereis ſurero be founta-great rreaſure. And O the ſimplicity
or ſecuxity'6f the Spaniards,” whoappoint no other warch over theſe rheir riches, fave
only one* 6r two Indiansand as many Hylatto's, who commonly are ſuch as have for
their miſdemenours been condemnedtolive in tharold and ruinated” Caſtle of St. Thomas
de Caftilia ! True it is, aboveit there isa littleand ragged Town of 1ndians,called St. Pe-
dro, confiſting of ſome thirty families, who, by reaſon of the exceeding heat , and un-
healthinefſeof the air, are alwayes ſickly and ſcarce/able to-ftand upon their legs. 'But
the weaknefle of this Golfe within might well be remedied and ſupplyed at the
mouth' of the Sea, or entranceinto irby oneor twoar the' moſt good pieces. of Ordi-
nance placed there. For theentrance into this Golfe is but as one ſhould come-in at
thedoor of ſome great Palace, where although the dore'and entrance be narrow., the
houſe within is wide and' capacious: .Such is this Golfe,' whoſe entrance js Kraitned
with two rocks or -mountairs' on each fide (which would well becomerwo great Plee:_'_es&ſi
An

N D C emn en— e  EEEEEEEEEE  EEEIEn

 
 

R  L  aIn ELEELEEIEEEEC EEECEEEREDESCELED LCEEDREED C D —_

130 A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies. — -
" andfo ſcornea whole fleet, and ſecure 2 Kingdome of Guatemala, nay moſt of all Ame-
rica) but here being no watch nor defence, the ſhips come freely and fafely in .(as have
done ſome both Engliſhand Holland ſhips ) and being entred finda rode and harbour ſo
wide and capacious as may well ſecurea thouſand ſhips there riding at anchor, withour
any thought of fear from St. Pedro, or Santo Thomas de Caſtilia. T have often heard
the Spariards jear and'laugh at the Engl;hand Hollapgers, for that they having come
into this Golfe, have gone away withourt attempting any thing further upon the land.
Nay whileT lived there, the Hollanders ſet upon Trax:llo the head Port of Comayarra
and Hoxduras, and took it (though there were ſome refiſtance ) the people for the moit
part flying to the woods, truſting moreto their feet then to. their hands and weapons
(fuch cowards is all that Countrey full of ) and whilſt they mighr have fortified them- ;
ſelves there, and gone into the Countrey, or fortitying that have come on to the Golfe: |
(all Guatemala fearing it much and not being able to refiſt them ) they left T7axillo, con-
tentingthemſelves with a ſmall pillage, and gave occafion to the Spaniards to. rejoyce b
and to make proceſlions of thankſgiving for their fafe deliverance out of their enemies.
hands.
The way from this Golfe to Gratemala is not ſo badas ſome report and 'conceive,,
eſpecially after 2chaelmas untill 24ay, when the winter and rain is paſt and gone, and
the-winds begin to dryupthe wayes; For inthe worſt of the year Mules laden with
four hundred waight at leaft. go caſily thorow the Rteepeſt, deepeſt, and moit dangerous
paſſages of the Mountains that lie about this Golf, And though the wayes are at
that time ofthe year bad, yet they are ſo beaten with the Mules, and ſowideand open,
that one bad ſtep and paſſage may be avoided-for a better ; and the worſt of this way
continnes but fifteen leagues, there being Rancho's or Lodges in the way, Catrell and
Mules.alſo among the Woods and Mountains, for relief and comfort to. a weary Tra-
veller. What the Spaziards moft fear untill they come out of theſe Mountains, are
ſome-two or three hundted: Black-mores, $imarrones, who for too much hard uſage, have
fled away from Gmatemala and other parts from their Maſtersunto theſe woods, and
there live_and bring up their children and encreaſe dayly,, ſo-that all the power of
Gratemala, nay allthe Countrey about (havingoften attemptedit) isnot able to bring
them under ſubjection. Theſe ofrencome out to therode way, and ſet upon the Requa's
of Mules, and take of Wine, Iron, Clothing and Weapons from them as much as
they need, without doing any harme unto the people, or flavesthat go withithe Mules ; |
but rather theſe rejoyce with them, being of one colour, and ſfubje& to flavery and |
miſery which the others have ſhaken off ; by whoſe exampleand. encouragement. many
of theſe ſhake off their miſery, and joyne with them to enjoy liberty, though it be but
in the Woods and Mountains. Their weapons are:bowes and arrowes which they uſe and
carry about them, only to defend themſelves, if the Spaxiards ſer upon them ; elſe they
uſe-them- not againſt the Spaxiards, who travell quietly and give them part of, what pro-
viſion they carry. Theſe have often faid thatthe chiefcauſe of their flying to thoſe moun-
tains is to beina readineſſe to joyne with the Zg/ifþ or Hollanders, if ever they land it
that Golfe; for they know, fromthem they may injoy thart liberty which the Spaniards.
will never grant ynto them. After the firſt fifteen leagues the way is better, and there
are ſittle Towns and villages of 1ndians, who relieve- with provifion both man and beaft.
Eifteen leagues further isa great Fown-of 7ydrans, called Acaſabaſtlan, franding upon 2 F
river, which for fiſh is held the beſt- in all thar Countrey.: Though thereare many ſorts, |.
yetaboyeall there is onewhich they call Bobo, a thick round fiſh as long or longer then |
a mans arme, with only a middle bone, as white as milke, as fat as butter, and good to
boil, fry, ſtew or bake. There is alſo from hence moſt. of the way to Gzatemalain brooks
and ſhallow rivers, one of the beſt ſort of fiſhes. in the world, which the Spaniards judge
to be a kind-of Trout, it is.called there Tepemechin, the fat whereof reſembles veal more \

|

 

 

 

 

 

 

then fiſh.

- This:Town'of Acafabaſtlay is/governed by 2 Spaniard who is called Corrigidor ;
hxs_power extendeth no further then to- the Golfe, and ro thoſe Towns in the way.
This: Goyernour hath-often attempred to bring.in thoſe Simarrones from the, moun=
tains, but could never preyaileagainſt them. All the ſtrength of this place may, be ſome
twenty muskets-( for ſo many Spaniſs houſes there may bein the Town). and ſome few
Tadians that uſe bowes and arrowes, for the defence of the Town againſt.the Black-more
SIMATFORES. : :

About

 
A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies, 131

About Acacabaſthan, there are many Eſtancia's of Carcell and Mules, much Cacao
Achiotre, and drugs for Chocolatre ; There isalſo A pothecary drugs,” as Zaorzaparilia :
and Canra ft:1a,' and in the Town as'much variety of fruits and ga,rdens as in 'an):
one '1ndian Town in the Countrey ; 'But above all Acacabaſt1an is far known , ard
much elteemed ofin rhe City of Guatemala, for excellent Muskmillians ,. ſome fnall
ſome bigger then a mans head, wherewith the 7ndians load their males and carry them
toſellall over the Countrey. From hence to Guatemala, there are but thirty ſhort
leagues, and chough ſome hils there be, aſcents and deſcents, yet nothins troubleſome ro
man or beaſt. Among theſe Mountains there have beendiſcovered ſomebmines ofmetall
which the Spaziards have begun ro digge, and finding thar they have been ſome of
Copper, and ſome of Iron, they hayeler chem alone, judging them more chargeable then
profitable. But'greater profit have the &paniards lott, then ofIronand Coppeſſr for uſing
the-poor 1-dians t00 hardly, and that in this way, from Acacabaſtlanto Gucttem;zlz eſpe-
cially about a place called, e/ Agze Calrente the hot water, where is a River, ctout of
which in ſome places formerly the 1d4zs found ſuch ſtore of gold, thar they were char-
ged by the Spaniards;witha yearly tribute of gold. Bur the Spaniards being like Valdivis
in'Ch;le,too greedy after it,murthering the 1zdazs for not diſcovering unto them where-
abour this treaſure lay, have loſt both treaſure and 7dias aiſo. Yet unto this day ſearch
is madeabour the Mountains, the River, and the fands for the hidden treaſure; which
6 peradyenture by Gods order and appointment, 'doth and ſhall lie hid , and be kgpt fora
T people bercer knowing and honouring their God. At this place called e/ Ague Caliente,
or the hot water, liverh a Blackmoreinan Eftancia ofhis 'own, who is hetd'to be very
rich, and gives good etertainment to the Travellers that paſſe that way ; he is rich in
Catrell,Sheep,and Goats, and from his Farm ſtoresGxaremaliand the people 'thereabout
with the beſt Cheeſe of all that Countrey. Bur his riches arethoughr not ſo much to in-
it creaſe from his Farm and cheeſes;but from this hiddentreaſure,which credibly is reported
co be known unto him. He hath been queſtioned about it.in the,Chancery of Guatemala
but hath denyed often any ſuch treaſure ro be known unto him, The! jealouſie and ſuſpi:
d cion of -him, is, for that formerly having been a ſlave, he bought his freedome with great
j ſammes of money , and fince he hath been free, hath bought rhat. farm- and much
is land lying to it, and hath exceedingly increaſed his ſtock; To which he anſwereth,
þ that when hewas youngand a ſlave, he had a good Maiter , who let him ger for
5 himſelf what he could , and that he playing the good: husband;, gathered as much
{ as would buy hjs liberty, andar firſta little houſe to livein; to the which God hath
| fince given a bleſſing with a greater increaſe of ſtock.  From this hor water three
; or four leagues, there is another River called,  R:o de 14s Vaceas, or the River of Cowes,
/

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

where area company of poor and Country people moſt of them Meſtizo's, and Mu-
latto's, who live in thatched houſes, with ſome ſmall ſtock of Cattell, ſpending
their time alſo in ſearching for fands of Gold, hoping that one day by their diligent
ſearch they and their children, and alf their Countrey ſhall be inriched, and that
Rio de 1as Vaceas, ſhall parallel Pattulus, and ftirre up rhe wits of Poetsto ſpeak of
it as much asever they have ſpoke of that. From this River is preſently diſcovered the
pleaſanteft valley inall that Countrey , ( where my ſelf did live at leafſt five years) called
the Valley of A5xco, and P5nola, lying lix leagues from Guarewala, being fifteen
miles in length,and tenor twelye in breadth ;- Out of theincloſures this Valley is ftored
with ſheep;the ground incloſed is divided into many Farmes,where groweth better wheat
then anyin the Countrey of exico. From this Valley the City is well provided of
wheat,, and Bisket is made for the ſhips that come eyery year unto the Golf. It is
called the Valley of 25xco, and P;20/a from_ two Townes of Tadians, {o called, ſtanding
oppoſice the one to the other on each ſide of the Valley, P5z914, 0n the left fide from Rzio
de 1as Vaceas, and Mixcoon the right. Here do live many rich Farmers,but yet Country
and elowniſh people , who know more of breaking clods. of earth, then of managins
Armes offenſive or defenſive. But amongthem I muſt not forger one friend of mine,
called 7za Palomeque, whom Iſhould have more efteemed of then Ididif £ could have
prevailed with him to have made him live more like a man then a beaſt, more like a free
man then a bond {lave to his goldand filver. This man had in my time three hundred.
luſty mules trained up in the way of the Golf, which he divided into fix Requa's ,' or
companies ; and for them he kept above a hundred Bl/ack-more flaves,men, womer}aſſ;
an

 
 

132 A New Surfvejſſof the W eſt-Indies.

and children , who lived neer 24;xco infeverall tharched cottages. The houſe helived
in bimſelfwas but a poor tharched houſe, wherein he took more delight to live then in
other houſes which he hadin Gzatemala, for there he lived like a wilde $57arro amongs
his ſlaves and Black-mores, whereas in' the City he ſhoutd have lived civilly; there he
fived with milke, curds, and black, hard and monldy bisket, and with dry raffajo, which |
is dry falted beef cur out in thin flices anddryed in the ſun and wind, rill chere be lirtle
fubſtanee left in it, ſuch as bis flayes were wont to carry to the Golfe for ;l\eir prſioviſion
by the way, whereas ifhe had livedin the Ciry, he muſt have eat for his credir what
others of wo:th dideat. But the miſer knew well, which wasthe beſt way to fave, and
fo choſe a field fora City, a cottage for a houſe, company. of Simarrones and Black-mores
for Citizens,, and yet he was thought ro' be worth ſtx handred thoufand dnckars. He
was the undoer of all others who dealed with Mules for bringing and carying com-
modities to the Golfe for the Merchants ; forhe having laſty Mules, lufty flaves, would
ſet the price or ratefor the hundred weight ſo, as he might get, bur others at that rate
hiring 2ndians and ſervants to-goe with their Mules, might loſe. He was ſo cruell t6
bis Black-mores, that ifany wereuntoward, he would torment them almoſt to death ;
amongſt whom he had one flave called Macaeo ( for whom I have often interceded;
bur co lictle purpoſe ) whom he would often hang up by the armes, and whip him till the
bloud ran abour his back, and chen his fleſh being torne, mangied, and all in a goar
bloud, he would for laſt cure powre boyling greaſe-upon it; he had marked him for
flave with- burning trons upon his face, his hands, his armes, his back, his belly, his
thighes, his legs, thac the poor flave was weary of life, and Trhink would two or three
times have hanged himſelfe, if X had not counſelled him to the contrary. He was fo
ſenſuall and carnall that he wonld uſe his owa flaves wives at his pleaſure ; *nay when
he met in the City any of that kind handſome and to his liking, ifſhe would not yeeld
to his deſire, he would.go to her maſter or miſtreſſe, and bny her, offering far more
then ſhewas worth, boafſting that he would pull down her proud and haughty lookes,
with one years ſlayery under him. He killed in my time two 1dians in the way to
the Golfe, and with his mony came off, as ifhe had killed but a dog. He would never
marry, becanfe his flaves ſupplyed the bed of a wife, and none of his. neighbours
durſt fay him nay ; wherby he hafted to fill thar valley with baſtards of all ſorts 34
colours, by whom, when thar rich miſer dieth, all his wealth and treafure is like to be
conſumed.

Befides the two Townes which denominate this yalley, there ſtandeth art t |
end of it cloſe by the. Rio de las Vaccas an Ermitage, called Noſtf# Sennora del Carnfs
or our Lady of Carmel, which is the Pariſh Church to all thoſe ſeverall farmes of $p4-
»iards livingin the valley ; though true ir is, moſt conſtantly they do reſort unto the
Tadian Towns to Maſle, and in M5;xco eſpecially, the Spaniards have 4 rich ſodality
of our Lady oftheRofary , and the Black-mores another, In all the valley there may
be between fortyand fifty Spaniſh farmes or houſes belonging to the Ermitage, anf
in all theſe houſes, ſome three hundred flayes, men and women, Black-ores and. A74-
tatto's. Mixcoisa Town ofthree hundred families, but init nothing condiderable, bur the
riches belonging unto the two forenamed Sodalities, and ſome rich 1dians, who have
learned of the Spaniards to break clods of earth, andro ſow wheat, and to traffique witle
Mules unto the Golfe, Befides what fowles and great; ſtore of Turkeys which in this
Town are bred, there isa conſtant flaughter houſe, where meat is ſold to the Tndians
within, and to the farmes without, and proviſion is made for all the Requa's and
Nlaves thar go to the Golle with their Maſters Mules. Beſides the fix Requa's before
named of 74n Palomeque, there arein this valley four brothers, named Don Gaſpar;
Don Niego, Don T homas, Don Fnan de Colindres , who have-each of rhem a Requa of
threeſcore Mules (though few flaves, and only hired 7545as; to go with them ) to
traffique to the Golfe, and over all the Country as faras 2exico fometimes. Yet be-
tides theſe thereare ſomeſix more Requa's belonging to other farmes, which with thoſe |
ofthe Town of Xixco may make up full twenty Requa's; and thoſe twenty Requa's
contain above a thouſand Mules, which only from this valley are imployed to all
parts of the Countrey by the rich Merchants of Gzarern4l. Bur to return again t6
the Town of Mixco, the conſtant paſſage thorow it 'of theſe Requa's, of rich Mers
chants, of all pafſengers that g0 andcome from S$pain, hath made it very rieb ; where-

AS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
 
 

| _;4 New$ ur*ſiugſibftbſſg Weſtlſidles | 123 |

R n P errrnes

 

asin the Town it ſelf there is no other commodity, exceptir bea kind of earth, where.
of are made rare and excellent pots for water, pans, pipkins, platters, diſhes cha-
fing-diſhes , warming-pans, wherein thoſe {zd;ans ſhew much wit,.and paint,chem
with red,white, and ſeverall mingled colours, and fell them to Guatemala, and the Towns
abour, which ſome Criolian women will eat by {ull mourh-fuls; endangering their health
and lives, ſo that by this earthly ware they may look white and pale. The Town of Pincla
in bignefſe is much like unto 2Zzxco, buta far pleaſanter Town, more healthy and berrer-
ſeated, ſtanding upona plain, whereas 24;xco ftands on the ſide ofa hill, which carryeth
the Travellers quite out of;the ſight of the valley:In P;zola there isalſo a ſlaughter houſe.
where Beef is dayly ſold, there is plenty of fowles, Eruits, Maiz, Wheart, (though-not al.
rogether {o bright as that of 2Z5xco) hony, and the beſt water thereabout z it is called-iri
the 1ndian tongue Panac, (ſome fay) froma fruir of thar name which is very abundant
there. OntheNorch and. South {ide of this valley are hils, which are moſt -fown-with
whear, which proverh better there then in the low valley. At the.Weſt end:of it; ftand rwa
grearer Townsthen A7:xcoand Pinola, named Perapa, and Amatitlaw, to the which there
areinthe midit of the valley ſome deſcents and afcents, which rhey eall Baranca's on
bortomes, where are pleaſant ſtreams and fountains, and good feeding for ſheep ; and
Cattell.

Perapa isa Town of art leaſt five hundred inhabitants very rich ; who fuffer  alſo.
ſome Spaziards to dwell amongſt them, fromwhom alſo thoſe 7z4ians have learned to
live and thrive in the world.  This Townis the paſſage from Comayagna, St. Saluador,
Nicaragza, and Coſta Rica,, and hbath got great , wealch |by the' conitant goers and
comers. It isefteemed one of the pleaſanteit Towns belonging unto Guatemala, for
a great Lake of ſreſh water neerunto it, whichis full of fiſh, eſpecially Crabs, and a
fiſh called, Mojarra,which is much likeunto a Mallet (though not altogether fo big )
and eateth like 1t. In this Town there is a certain .number of T:d;zns appointed, who
are to fiſh for the City, and 'on Wedneſdayes, Fridayes,, and: Saturdayes, are-bound.
ro carry ſuch a quantity to Guaremala, of Crabs and Mojarta's, as the Corregidor.
and Regidores, Maior and Aldermen (who are but eighr) ſhall command weekly to be
broughr.

” Thgis Town Petapa is ſo called from two Tadian words,; Petap, which fignifieth a
Mar, and ha, which fignifieth water, and a Mar being the chief -parr of. an - Zndians
bed, irisas much asto fay a bed of water, from the ſmoorhneſſe, plainneſſe; and calm-
neſſe of the water of the Lake. ;There liveth inir a principall family of 7:djans, who
are faid to deſcend from the ancient Kings of thoſe parts, and how by: the Spaniards
are graced with the noble name of Gxzman ; out 'of this family is choſen one to be
Governour of the Town with ſubordination unto the City and Chancery, of Gzate-
mala. Don Bernabe de Guzman was Governour in my time, and had been many years
before, and governed very wiſely and difcreetly, till with old age hecameto. loſe his
fight; andin his placeentred hisſon Doz Pedro de Gazman , of whom the reft of the
Tadians Rood in great awe, as formerly they had to his Father. Had not theſe 7ndi-
ans been given to. drunkenneſfe (as moſt 1ndians are) rhey might have governed a
Town of Spaniards. This Goyernour hath many priviledges granted unto him (though
none'to 'wear a ſword ; or rapier, as may the Governour of Chiapa of the Tndians)
and appoints by turnes ſome of the Town .to wait and attend on him at dinner and
ſypper , others to look ro his Horſes , others to fiſh for him, - others-to bring him
wood for his houſe ſpending, others to bring him meat for his Horſes; andjyer after
all this his attendance, he attends and waits on the Fryer that lives in the Town, and
doth nothing concetning the governing of the Town and executing of juſtice ,- but
whart the Fryer alloweth andadyiferh to be done. Thereis alſo great ſervice appointed
for this Fryer, of Fiſhermen, .and other attendants. in his houſe,, who liyeth as ſtately
as any Biſhop. Moſt trades belongins; to a well ſerled Common-wealth are here ex-
erciſed by theſe 7:45azs. As for herbage,and garden-fruits, and requiſites, it hath whaF-
ſoever-may be found, or defired in the City of, Graremala. TFhe Church treaſure isvery
grear, there beins many Sodalities of our Lady and other _their Saints, which are en-.
riched with crowns,and chains,and bracelets, beſides the lamps,cenſers,andfilver candle=.
ſicks belonging unto the Altars. Upon 24:chaelmas day isthe chief fair and feaſt of the
Town, which is dedicated unto St. AZchaz!, whither many Merchants reſort foom Gaz-

remalato buy and ſell ; in the afternoon, and the next day_following; Bull-baiting is the
dN common'

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

134 A New Survey of the Weſt-Incta_ies.

common ſport for rhat feaſt with fome Spaniards and Black-mores on Horſe-backe , and
other Indians on foot, who commonly being drunk , ſome yenture, ſome loſe their
lives inthe ſport. Beſides this generall concourſe of people every year at that time ,
there isevery day at fivea clock in theafternoona Tianguez or;market, upheld by the
concourſe of the Indians of the Town among themſelves. Befides the lake, there ran-
neth by this Town a river, which in places is eafily waded over, and-waters the fruirs,
gardens , and orher plantarions, and drives a mill which ſeryes moſt of the valley to.'
grind their wheat. Within a mile and a balf of this Town there is a rich Ingenio |
or farme of Sugar belonging to one Sabaſtian de Savaletta, a Biſcaine borne,who came
at firſt very poor into thart Countrey,and ſerved one of his Countrey men ,, but with
his good induſtry and pains, he beganto ger a Mule or two to traffique with abour
the Countrey., till at lait he increaſed his ftock toa_whole Requa of Mules, and from
thence grew 10 rich that he bought much land about Perapa, which he found to be ve-
ry fit for Sugar , and fromthence was incouraged to buld a princely houſe , whither
the beſt of Gaatemala do reſort for their recreation. This man maketh a great deal
of Sugar for the Countrey, and ſends every year much to Spazy ; he keepeth at leaft
threeſcore flaves of his own for the work of his farme, is very generousin houſe keep-
ing, and isrhought to be worth above five hundred thouſand Duckats. Within halfe
a mile from him there is another farme of Sugar , which is called but a Trapiche |
belonging unto the Auguſtin Fryers of Gaatemala , which keeps ſome twenty flaves, |
andis called a Trapiche, for that it grinds not the Sugar Cane with that device of the 1
Ingenio, but grinds a leſſe quantity, and ſo makes not ſo .much Sugar as doth an In- |
genio. From hencethree miles is the Town' of Amatitlan, neer unto which ſtanderh |
a greater Ingenio of Sugar, thenisthat of $avalerta, andis called the Ingenio of one |
Anis, becauſe he firſt foundedit, but nowit belongeth unto one Pedro Crefpo the Poſt- \
maſter of Gaatemala; this Ingenio ſeemeth to be a little Townby it ſelf for themany 3
cottages and thatched houſes of Black-more flaves which belong unto it , who may be
above a hundred, men, women, and children.  The chief dwelling houſe is ftrong
and capacious, and able to entertain a hundred lodgers. Theſe three farmes of Sugar
ftanding ſo neer unto Gzatemala, enrich the City much, and occaſion great trading
fromit to Spain.* The Town of Amaritlan, though init there live not ſo many Spa-
niardsas in Petapa., yet thereare init more Tndsan families thenin Perapa. The ftreets
are more orderly made and framed like a Chequer board, they are wide, broad, plain,
and allupon duſt and fand. This Town alſo enjoyeth the commodity of the lake,
and furniſheth with fiſh the City of Gzaremala, upon thoſe dayes before named of Pera- |
p4. Andthough ir ſtandeth our of the rode-way, yet itis almoſt as rich as Perapa. |
For the 1ndians of it get much by the concourſe of common people, and the Gentry |
of Gaatemala, who reſort thither to certain bathes of hot waters, which are judged
and approved very wholeſome for the body. This Town alfo gerteth much by the |
falt which here ismade, or rather gathered by the lake ſide, which every morning ap-
peareth like a hoary froft upon the ground, and istaken up and purified by the Tndjans, |
and proves very white and good. Befides what they get by the falt, rhey get alfo by
the Requa's of Mules in the valley, and about the Countrey , which are brought to
feed upon thar falt earth a day, or half a day, until! they be ready to burſt ( the ow-
ner paying fix pence a day for every Mule ) and it hath been found by experience,
that this makes them thrive and grow luſty, and purgeth them better then any drench,
or blood-letting. They have further greattrading in Cotton-wool, more abundance
of fruits then Perapa, a fairer market place with two extraordinary great Elm-trees ,
under which the 1»d5as daily meet at evening to buy and fell- The Church of this
Town isas fair and beantifull as any about Gzatemata , the riches and ſtate whereof
hath caufed the Dominican Fryers ſince the year 1635, to make that place the head and
Priory over the other Towns of the valley,and to build there a goodly and ſumprnous |
Cloiſter, in which in my time there was (for Ttold then moſt of it, and doubtleffe fince l
it hath much increaſed) eight thouſand Duckats laid up ina cheſt, with three lockes for |
the 'common experces of the Cloiſter. Thus my Reader,T have led thee through the val-
ley of Mizxco, and Pinola, Petapaand Amititlan, which in riches and wealth , what with
the great trading in it,what with the ſheep and cattell,what with the abundance of mules,
what with three Farmes of Sugar, what with the great Farmes of Corn and Whear,
what with the Churches treaſures yeelds to no other place belonging unto the dominionctz_

0

 

 

 

 

 

 
_— R. ” CS

 

 

 

A New Survey of the Weſt—lndies, : -

of Guatemala. T may not forget yeta doublewhear haryeſt (asI may well term'it) in this
Vally. The firſt being ofa little kinde of Whear,which they call Tr;g0 Tremeſzo, a word
compounded in Spaz:/h from theſe two words, rres meſes, or from the Latine 5+;- menſes )
which after three months ſowing isripe and ready ro be cut down, and beins ſowed
about the end of Amgyft, is commonly harveſted in about the end of Noverber. and
although in the {malneſſe ofir,, it ſeems to have but-a, litte Flower,, yer it yeelſids as
much as their other ſorts of Wheat, and makes as,white bread, thoughit keep not ſo
well as that which is made of other Wheat ,, but. ſoon groweth ftale and hard. The
other harveſt (which isoftwo ſorts of Wheat, one called Rxbio or red : Wheat,. the 0-
ther called Blanquillco, or white like Candia Wheat ) followeth ſoon after this firſt of
Tremeſfno, for preſently after Chriſtmas every one begins to bring their fickles into
the field , where; they do not. only reap down their Wheat, bur in ſtead ofthreſhing
itin barnes, they cauſe itto be trod. by Mares incloſed within floores made on pur-
poſe in the fields; and when the Wheat is trod our of the Eares by the Mares tram-
pling, who are whipped round about the floores that they may not ffand ſtill,bur tread
it confſtantly and rhroughly ; then the Mares being let out of the floores,the Wheart is
winnowed from the chaffe, and putup cleaninto facks, and from the field carried to
the Barnes'; but the chaffe and molt of the ſtraw is left ro rot in the fields, which they
eſteem as goodas dunging ; and further ſer all the fields on fire, hurning the ftubble
that is. left a little before the time. of the firſt ſhowers ofrain, which with: the aſhes
left after the burninig fatteth the ground, and by them is held the bett way co, huC-
band or-dung their ground. Others that will fow a new and woody piece of land

cauſe the trees though timber trees to.he cut down, and ſell not a ſtick of that wood
(which there is ſo plentifull , that they judge ir would nor quit their coft to carry it.
to Guatemala, though in England it would, yeeld thouſand pounds ) but they ler ir
lie and dry, and betore the winter rain begins, they ſet. on fire all the field, and
burn that rich timber , with the aſhes whereof thar ground becomes ſo farand ferrile

that where upon an Aker we ſow._here three, buſhels of Wheat, or upwards, the};
ſow. ſuch ground ſo thin, that they, ſcarce dare venture a full buſhell upon an Aker,
left with too_much ſpeading upon the ground, it grow too thick, be lodged, and
they loſe their crop.  The like they do unto the paſture of the Valley, abour the
end of Aarch, itis ſhort and withered anddry, and they alſo ſer it on fire, wich being
burnt cauſeth a diſmall ſight, and proſpe& of a black valley ; but after the firit
two or three ſhowres, it- puts on again its green and pleaſant garment, inviting- the
Cattell, Sheep, Lambs, Goats, and Kids, (which for a while were driven away. to other
paſturing) to return and ſport again, to feed and reft in its new flouriſhing - bo=
ſome. . But now itis time, I return again back to the other end of this valley, to the
Rio de las Vacas ( fromwhence I have viewed the compaſſe of it, and mademy long
digreſlion from Eaſt tro Welſt, to the fartheſt Town of Amaritlan ) to ſhew thee , my
Reader, thelittle part of thy way remaining unto Gaatemala. True it is, from the
Ermitage of our Lady,, there is a ſtteight way through the middle ofthe yalley leading
almoſt ro_Amatitlan, and then turning up a hill-out of the yalley on theright hand ; \Bur
that hath many aſcenrs and deſcents, botromes, falls and rifings, and therefore is not
the conſtant Rode, which from the Ermitage pointeth on the right hand, obſerving
the Town of Mxco,, ſtanding but five miles from Guaremdla, from 24ixco the way
lyeth upa hill ; and leadeth ro a Town ſomewhat bigger then 275xco., of Tndians, cal-
led San Lucas, or St. Lyke, a cold Town, but exceeding rich ; the remper and cold-
neſſe of it, hath made it the ſtorehouſe, or Granary for all the City ; for whereas be-,
low inthe Valley, the Wheat will not keep long without muſting,and breeding a worm
called Grgojo, fuch is the temper of this Town of St. Zyke, that init the Wear will, keep
two or three years ready threſhed, with a little turning now and then ; andasit lyeth
will. give and yeeld, (as experience taughrt me there) ſo that he that hath laid up in-that.
Town two hundred buſhels of Wheat, ar' the years end ſhall find neer upon rwo_hun-
dred and twenty. buſhels. This Town therefore receives from the Valley moſt - of
the harveſt,, and_ is full of what we call Barnes, bur there are called T70jas, without
floores, bur, raifed up-with ſtackes and bords a foot or two from rhe- ground, and
covered with mats., whereon is laid the Wheat, and by ſome rich Monopoliſts from
the City is kept.and hoarded two and three years, untill they find rheir beſt opportunity
t0-bringit out. to ſale, at the rate of their own will and pleaſure. From hence 6

N 2 Guatemala

 

 

 
 

 

[ 136ſi - Aſſ.?\(e; Surctuſſey of the Weeſt-Indies.

 

Guatemila there is but three little leagues ,-and one only Barauca or bottome, and
on every fide of the way little perry Towns, whlc_h they call 2iJpas , confilting of
ſome cwenty Cottages. Inrhe middle of the way is the top of a hill, whzchſſdtlcoyerezbct
all the Ciry, and ftanderh as overmaftring ofit, asif with a pizce or two of Ordinance
ir would keep all Gzatemalainawe; But beſides this hill, which is the wide and -
pen Rode, there ftand yer forwarder on the right and left hand other mounrairs
which draw neerer to the City , and whar this rop peradventure with ro0 much di-
fance, is not able to do or reach ,. the orherscertainly would reach with Canon ſhor,
<and command that far commanding City. Pown this hill the way hes broad and
wide, and: as open asis the way down Barzet or Highoate Hill ; and at' the botrome
it is more ftraitned berween the Mountains ,, for theipace of a bowſhot, which paſ-
fage alſoiscraggy by reaſon of ſtones and ſome- ſmall pieces of rocks which lie in a |
brook of water that deſcends' from the Mountains ; and runs roward the City. But |
at alirtle Ermitage called.St. Fohz, the way opens again it ſelf,, and ſhewerh Guarema-
la, welcoming the weary travellers with a pleaſant proſpect, and eafing theirs, or
their Mules or Horſes feet , what with green walkes, what with a fandy and gravelly
Rode unto the City, which never ſhut gate againſt any goer or comer , nor forbad
their entrance with any fenced wals, or watchmens jealous queſtions, +but freely'
and gladly entertains them either by the back fide ofthe TJominicans Cloiſter , or by |
the Church and Nunnery called the Conception. And thus my Reader, and Coun- |
trey man Thave brought and guided thee from the Golfeunto Gaatematla,ſhewing what |
thar way'is moſt remarkable: - E ſhall not now ſhew theeany more of this Cities Do- -N
minions toward Nicaragua and the South ( having already ſhewed thee the way as far : ]
|
|

 

 

 

as Realejo) leaving that untill T come to tell thee of my journey homewards, which F
made that way. There remains yet the Countrey ofthe Yera Paz and the way unto
it rodiſcover,. and fo to cloſe up this. Chapter. The 7er4 Paz is ſo called, for that the
Tndjans of that Countrey hearing how the Spaziards had conquer ed Gratemala, and did
conquer the Countrey round about,whereſoever they came, yeelded themſelves peace-
ably and without any reſiſtance unts the Government' of Spaiz. This Countrey for-
merly hada Biſhoprto it ſelf diſtin& from Gzare#a/a, but now is made one Biſhoprick
with thar. It is governed by an AlcaldeMaior,or high Juſtice ſent from Spaiz, with ſub-
ordination untothe Court of Gzatemala. The' heador ſhire Town of it, 15 called Cobay,
whereisa Cloiſter of Dominican Fryers, and the common place 'of refidence of the
Alcalde Maior. All this Countrey as yet is not ſubdued by the Spaniards , who have
now andrhen ſome ſtrong encounters with the barbarous-and heathen people , which
lie between this Countrey and Facaran;. and fain would the Spantards conquer
them, that they might make way through them unto a Town called Campin belong-
ing to 7catan ,. and ſettle: commerce , and Trafique by land with that Countrey ,
which is thought would be a great furtherance to the Countrey-and City of Gaate-
mala, anda fafer way to convey their goods to the Havana, then by the Golfe, for often-
rimes the ſhipschar go from the Golte to the Havana ,aremet with by the Hollanders
and ſarpriſed.  But as yet the Spanzards have notbeen ableto bringto paſſe this their
defign, by reafon they have found firong refiſtance from the heatheniſh people, and
a hor ſervice to attempt the conquering of them. Yet there was a Fryer a great
Acquaintance of mine, called Fryer Franciſco Horan, who venturedhis life amons thoſe
barbarians, and with two or three 1-4:azs went'on foot through that Countrey, un-
till he.cameunto Carmpin where he found a few Spaniards,who wondred at his courage
and boldneſſe in coming that way. This- Fryer came back againto CibanandYers Paz,
relating how the Barbarians hearing him ſpeak their language , and finding him'
Kind, loving and curteous to them, uſed him alſo kindly, fearing (as he faid) thatif
they ſhonld kill him,, the Spariards would neyer let them be ar reſtand quiet, untill
they had utterly deſtroyed them. He' related when he. came back, that the Coun- |
trey which the Barbarians inhabite, is better then any patr of the Yera Paz, which is J
ſubje& to the Spariards, and fpoke much ofa Valley , where is a great lake, and a-
bout ira Town of 7adians, which he judged to be of at leaft rwelve thouſand In-
haþicants, the Cortages lying in a diftance one from another. This Fryer hath writ
of this Countrey, and hath goneto Spaintothe. Court to motion the conquering of
ir, for the profic and commodity. that may enſue both to Gratemala and Fucatan, if
4 way were opened thither, But though as yet* on that- ſide the Spaniards and the

Countrey

 
A New Survey of the 'W:eſt-ln'ſidies; 137

Countrey of the 7/2ra Paz,' be ſtraightned by that” hearheniſh people, yer ;
fide itharh free paſſage unto/the GolF, and csrade there when thpe ſhpipsz di)ec[oon?ethceaſſr(:ſ-?rct
Fowles and what other Proviſionthe Countrey will afford tor the ſhips and,bringſif
from thence wines, and other Sp,ni/wares unto Coban; This Countrey is very hilly and
'craggy, and though thete be ſome bigge Townsin it, they are not above three or four
thar are conliderable.” The Chief commodities are Achicete (whichis the beſt of all the
:Countrey belongins to Gratemala)and Carcan, Cotton—wool], hony, Canna fitula, and
Zarzaparila, great ftore of 21a1% but no Wheat, mnch wasx, plenty of fowles and birds
of all coloured feathers; wherewirhthe 754;2n5 make ſome curions works, þut not like
'unto' thoſe of Xechoaran : Herearealſs abundance of Parrets, Apes and Monkies which
breediinthe Mountains. Theway from Gratemala, to this Countrey is that which hirher.
. tohath been ſpoketi of from the Goif; asfar as the Town' of St. Luhe;'and from thence
the way Keeps on thie hils and mountains which lie bn' the ſide of rhe Valley of AZ;zxco.
Theſe hils are called” $zcxtepeques, (Eompounded' of Sazate and Tepec, the latrer ſignifying
- hilland cheformer;herbe or graſſe, and rhus joyned,” they ſignifie mounrains oforaſſez
andamong them aretheſe chiet Towns, firlt Sayrjago or St. Zames,a Town of five hundred
Families, tecondly, $a Pedro or St. Peter, confiiting of fix hundred families thirdly ,
St. 74an or St. Fohn"conſiſting/alſo ofar leaft fix hnndred families, and fourthl,y, $to. De-
mings Senaco, Or S. Dominic Of Senaco, being of three hundred families. Theſe four Towns
are veryrich; and therwolaſtyery cold, the two firk are warmer'; thereareahour them
many' farmes of Corn and good Wheat; befides the 7dian 11iz. Thele Indians are
ſomewhat of more courage thenthoſe of other Towns, and inmy time wete like to riſe
up againſt the Spaniards/for their unmercifull ryrarny over them.  The Churches are ex-
ceeding rich ;\in the Town of Santjago, there was living in ty time one 75d;an, who for
only vain-glory had beftowedthe worth of fix thouſand Duckatsupon that Church, and
,yet afterwards this wretch was found to be a Wizard and Idolater.Theſe Indians get much
money by letting out great tuifes of feathers, which the 7:4;ans uſein their dances upon
the feaſts of the Dedication of their Towns. For ſome of the great tuffes may have at
leaſt chreeſcore long feathers of divers colours, for every feather hiring they have half a
Riall, befides what price they ſet to every feather, ifany ſhould chanceto be loſt.. From
the Town of St. 7ohz, which is the furtheſt, the way lies plain and fpleafant unco a lirtle
village of ſome cwenty Cotrages, called St. Ramnmnas or St. Raymond, from whence there
is a good dayes journey.up and down Barrancas, or bottoms unto a Rencho, or lodge ſtay-
ding by a River fide, which.is che ſame Riyer, char paſſeth by the Town of Acarabaſtins
Tpoken of before. Fromthis isan aſcent ora very craggy and rocky Mountain, called the
Mountain of Rabizall, whereare fteps cut out in the very Rocks for the mules feer, and
flipping on one or the other ſide, they fall ſurely down the rocks, breaking their neckes,
and mangling all their limbs and joynts; bur this danger continueth not long nor ex-
tendettiabovea leagne anda hatf, and in the top and worlt of this danger, there is the
comfort ofa goodly valley, calle# E/Valle de $47 Nicholas, St. Nicholas his Valley, from
anEſtantia called'St. Nicholas belongingro the Dominicans Cloiſter.of Cobax.This Valley
thoughir muſtnot compare with thar of "2f;xcoand Pinola; yer next after ir, jt may well
take place for only three things confiderable inir.” The firſt is an 1ngenio of Sugar, called
San Geronymo; or St. Hierome; belonging unto the Dominicans Cloitter Gzatemala, which
indeed-goeth beyoadrthar ſpoken of {4maritlan; botlffor abundance of Sugar made there,
and ſenit by mules t6 Gyatemalz over thar rocky Mountain, and for multtude of flaves
living init underthe'command of twoFryers, and:for the excellent horſes bred there,
which are incomparably the beſt ofall the Countrey 'of Gxatemala for metle, and gallan-
try;andtherefore(though mules are commontly wſed for burthens) ate much defired and
looked after by theGallants and Gentry of the City, who make it a great parr of their
honour'to'prance about the ſtreets. The ſecond thing in this Valley is the Eftancia or farm
of St. Nich-[zs which is as famous for breeding of mitles, as is St: Hjer:me for horſes. The
third ornament to itis a Town of 7pdians, called Rabinall,of at leaft eight hundred Fami-
hes, which hath all that-heart can wiſhfor pleaſure and life of man; r inclinerh rather to
hear then cold, but the heat is moderate and much qualified with the many cooland ſhady
walkes. There isnot any 7o45az ftuit, which is not there to- be found, befides the fruits
of $Sp4i7, as Oranges; Lemmons, fiveet and ſowre; Citrons, Pomegranates, Grapes, Figs,
Almondsand Dates; the only want of wheat isnor awant ro them that mind bread of
Wheat morethen of Maiz, for in tws dayesit is eafily brought from the Towns of Sarates
N 3 Pequets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

A New Survey of the Wcſt-lndies'.

For fiſi:ſh, ithath Beef; Mutton, Kid, Fowle_:s, Turkies, Quailes, Þaryridges, Rab<
bets, Pheaſants ; andfor fiſh, it hath a River running by the hpuſes, which yeeldeth

len,ty both great and ſmall. The Tudians of chlg Town are much-like unto thoſe of Chiapa
F,'ffiſſ Tadians, for bravery, for feaſting, for riding of horſes, and ſhewing themſelves in
ſports and paſtimes. This Town my friend Fryer Fohn Baptift, after he had been Prior of
many places, and eſpecially of Chiapa and Guatemals, choſe to live in tb injoy quietneſſe,
pleaſure and content; and in this Town was I feaſted by hum infuch a ſumptuous, prodigall
and laviſhing way, as truely might make poor mendicant Fryersaſhamed- to come ſo neer
unto Princes in vanity of life and dyer. *From this Valley unto-the Yera Paz, or Coban,
thehead Town of it, there is nothing confiderable, ſave only ane Town more. called
St. Chriſtoval, or St. Chriſtopher, which enjoyeth now a pleaſant Lake, and bottomleſſe,
asis reported. Formerly there being no Lake at all; ina great Ear;hquake, the- earth
there opened, and ſwallowed up many houſes, leaving this Lake which ever fince hath
contirued. From hence to Cobay the wayes are bad and mountainous, yet fuch  as
through the worſt of them,thoſe Countrey muleswith heavy burthens eaſily go through.
Andthus with.my pen, Reader, haveI gone through moſt of the bounds and limits of
Guatemala, which is more furniſhed with gallant Towns of Tdians, then is any part of
all America; and doubtleſſe were the 1:d5ans warlike, induſtrious; aRtive for Warre or
weapons, no part inall America might be ſtronger in people then Gxaremala. But they
being kept under and oppreſſed by the Spaxiards, and no' weapons allowed them, hor
ſo much as their naturall Bowes and Arrowes, much leffe Guns, Piſtols-; Muskets,,
Swords, or Pikes, their courage is gone, their affe&tions alienated from the Spaniards,
and ſo the Spaniards might very well fear, that if their Countrey ſhould be invaded, the
multitude of their 7-d;an people, would proye to them a multitnde of enemies, either
running away to another ſide ; or forced to help/would beto them but. asthe help of fo
many flies. :

135

CQHES:

 

1

 

 

 

 

 

CinanÞ XÞX;-

Shewing the condition, quality, faſhion, and behaviour of the Tndians of the
Conntrey of Guatemala ſince the Conqueſt, and eſpecially of their Feaſts ,
and yearly Solemnities,

THe condition of the /nd;ans of this Countrey of Guatemalais as fad, andas much to
be pitied as ofany 1adiansin America, for that I may fay it-is with them in ſome
ſort, asit was with Jſrael in Egypr , of whom itis faid, Exod. 1. 7. They Were fruitfull and
Increaſed abundantly, and multiplied, and waxed exceeding mighty, and the land was filled with
then, and therefore Pharaoh ſaid unto his people, Verſ. 10. Let 1s deal Wiſely with rhem,
teft they multiply,and it come to paſſe,that When there falleth out any War,they joyne alſo nnto our
enemies, and fight againſt us. Therefore they did ſet over them taskmaiters, toafMict them
with their burdens, and they made their lives bitter with bondage,in morter and in brick,
andinall manner of ferviceinthe field; and all their ſervice wherein they made them ſerve
was with rigor. Though itistrue there ought not to be any comparilon made betwin
the 1/7aelires and the I1dians, thoſe being Gods people,theſe not as yet; nevertheleſle the
compariſon may well holdinthe oppreffion of the one and the other, andinthe manner -
and cauſe of the oppreſſion, that being with bitterneſſe, rigour, and hard bondage, and
leſt they ſhould multiply andincreaſe too much. Certain it is, theſe 1ndians ſuffer great
oppreſtion from the Spaniards, live in great bitterneſſe, are under hard bondage, and l
ſerve with great rigor;and all this,becauſe they are at_leaſt a thouſand of them for one l
Spaniard, they daily multiply and increaſe,in children and wealth,and therefore are feared
leſt they ſhould be too mighty, andeither riſe upof themſelyes,or-joyn themſelvesto any
enemy againſt their oppreſlors;for both which fears and jealoulies, they are not allowed
the uſe ofany weapons or armes, no not their bowes and arrows, which their anceſtors
formerly uſed; ſo that as hereby the Spaniards are ſecured from any hurt or annoyf:jmce

rom

 

 
 

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A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies.
from them as anunarmed people;ſo may any other nation, that ſha i ;
invade that land, be ſecure alſo from the 7ndiansand conſequently thli }ſi;ctſſſſſſ?ctcſſoſiffiv%;ct :—?
licy for themſelyes againft the 1d5ans may, be their greateſt ruine and deftruRion beinp a
great peopleand yet. no people; for the abundauce of their Iyd;ans would be to ſithemgas
no people; and they themſelves (who out of their few Towns and Cities live buthere and
there, r00 thinly ſcatered upon ſo great and capaciousa land) would be but -a handfull
forany reaſonable Army ;. and of that handfull very few wouldbe found able or fictins
men ; and thoſe able men would do little withont the help of -guns and ordinance. and 1gf
their own oppreſled people, Black-mores -and Tndians (which themſelves haye aſwaYes
feared) ſhould ſide againit them, ſoon would they be ſwailowed up: borh from within
and from without.And by thisit may eafily appear how ungrounded they ar,cwho ſay iTis
harder to conquer America now then in Cortez his time, tor .that there.are now both
Spaniards and 1ndians to fight againſt, . and-then there were none bnt bare and. naked
Tsdjans. This I fay is a falſe ground ; for then there were tadianstrainedupin wars one a-
gainſt another, who knew well to uſe their hows and arrows, and darts, and other wea-
pons,and were deſperate in their fightsand lingle.combats,as may appear our of the hiſto..
ries of them ; but now they are cowardized, oppreſſed, unarmed, foon frighred;with the
noiſe of a musket , nay witha ſowreand grim look of a Spaniard,1ofrom them there is
no fear ; neither can there be fromthe Spaniards , who from all the-vaſt dominions of
Gaatemalaare notable to raiſe five thouſand abie fightingmen,, nor to defend ſo many
paſſages aslie open in ſeverall parts,of that Countrey ; which-the wider and greater
it is, might beadvantagiousto an enemy,” and while the . Spaniard in one place might
oppoſe hisſtrength , in many other places might +his, land +be over-ron by a forain

nation ; nay bytheir own laves the Black-mores, who. doubtleſle to be ſer ar hberry
would fide againſt them inany ſuch occaſion; and laſtly, the Criolians who-alſo are
ſore oppreſſed by them, would rejoyce in ſucha day, and yeeldrather to live with free.
domeand liberty under a forain people, then to be longer oppreſfled by thoſe of rheir
own bloud. A e31 ſſ
The miſerable condition of the Iydians of that Countrey is ſuch, char though the-
Kings of Spaiz have never yeelded to what ſome would have, that theyct ſhould be:
{laves, yet their livesare as full of bitterneſſe as is the life ofa flave. For which I have
known my ſelte ſome of them that have come home from .toyling and moyling .with
Spaniards, after many þlowes , fome-wounds, and little or no wages - who. have ſul-
lenly and ubbornly lain down upon their beds, reſolving to.. die rather then to- live
any longer a life (o ilaviſh, and have refuſed to take either meat or drinke; orany thing
elſe comfortable and nouriſhing, which-their wives haye- offered unto them, that"ſo
by pining and ſtarving they mighr conſume themſelves. Some I have by good perſvra-
fions encouraged to life rather then toa voluntary and wilfull death ; ochers there
have been thart would not be perſwaded, ;but in thatwilfull way have died. The Spani-
ards that live about that Countrey (eſpecially the Farmers of the Valley of Mixco, Pi-
wola, Petapa, Amatitlan, and thoſe of the Sacarepeques ) alleadge tharall their trading,
and farming; is for the good, of the Common-wealth,” and therefore whereas there
are not Spaniardsenough for ſoample andlargea, Countrey to do all their work, and
all are notable to buy {laves and Zlack-mores ,” they-ſtand in need of the 1ndians help.
to ſervethem fortheir pay and hire ; whereupon it hath been confidered, that'a parti-
tion of 7:dian Jabourers be made every Munday,” or Sunday, in the afcernoon to.the
Spaniards;according to the farmes they occupie,” oraccording to their ſeverall em ploy-
ments,calling,and trading with mules, orany other way, So that for ſuch and fach a
diftrit there is named an officer who is called Juez Repartidor , who according to 2
Liſt made of every farm, houſe, and, perſon , is togive ſo many Tndians by the week,
And here is a door. opened to the Prefident of Guatemilz, and tothe Judges to provide
well for cheir meniall ſervants, -whom they commonly appoint for-rhis office, which
is thus performed by them,, They name the. Town and place of their .meerin upon,
Sunday or Monday,; to the which themſelves and-the Spaniards of that diſtrict do re-
Jort. The Indians of the ſeyerall Towns are tothave-ina readineſſe o many labourers
asthe Court of \Guatemals hath appointed to be weekly taken out. of ſuch a "Town ,
who are condudted by an 1nd;az officer to: the Town of generall meeting ; and when
they come thicher with their tooles, their ſpades, ſhovels, bils, or axes, with their
proviſion of viftuals for a' week (which- are-commonly ſome dry-cakes of Z'Zfſſſſ
: puddings

 
 
 
  
   
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 

 

 

  
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   
  

—

[ puddings

 

140 ſiſſAſiſſj\{ew Survey 0f the Wſſ:ſtſi]ndies.ſſ 7

 

 

of frixoles, or French beans,” and 2 little Chile or biting long pepper, or &
Lit ofcold mear for the firſt day or two ) and with beds 6n" their backs ( which is
only a courſe woollen mantle ro wrap about them' when they' he on the bare ground)
then are they ſhut up in the Town-houſe j ſome with blowes, ſome with ſpurnings,
ſome with boxes/on the - ear , if preſently 'they go notin.  Now'all being gatheted
together , andthe houſe filled with them, - theJuez Repartidot or "officer, cals by the
order of theLiſt ſuch and ſuch a Spaxiard,, and alſo cals out of the houſe ſo many
Tadians as by the Court are commanded to be given him ( ſomeareallowed three; ſome
four, ſome ten, ſome fifteen, ſome twenry ,- according t0' their efmployments )
and delivereth unto the Spaniard his Tndians,” and ſoto atf the reſt " tifl they be all fer-
ved; who whenthey receive their 1ndzans, take from chema toole , or thair mantles”,
ro ſecure them that theyrun not away, and for every ' T#45an delivered unto them\,
they giveunto the Juez Repartidor or officer halfe a Riall , which is chree pence an
Todian for his fees, which mounteth yearly to him toa great deal of money ;' for ſome
officers inake a partition or diftribution of four hundred, ſome of two hundred,ſome
of three hundred 1ndians every week,and carryeth home with him ſo many half hun-
dred Rialsfor one, or half a dayes work. If complaint be made' by any Spaniard
that ſuch and ſuchan 7ad5an did run away from him, and ſerved him not the week paſt,
the 7:4;an muft be brought, and furely tied to apoſt by his hands in the Market place',
and there be whipped upon his 'bare back. Bur if the poor 7:4iaz complain that the
Spaniards couſened and cheated him of his ſhovell, axe, bill, mantleor wages, no
juſtice ſhall be executed againſt the cheating Spaniara, neither ſhall the 7od5an be righted,
though ir istrue theorder runs equally in fayour of both 7-dias - and Spaniard. Thus
are the poor 1:4:ans ſold for -three pencea piece for a whole weeks flavery, not permit-
red. to.go home at- nights unto their wiyes, though their work lie not above a mile
from the Town wherethey live; nay ſome are carried ten or twelve: miles from their
home, who muſt norreturn till Saturday night late, and muſt that week do whatſo-
Jeyer their Maſter pleaſerh to command them. The wages appointed them will ſcarce
find'them meat and-drinke, for they are nor allowed a Rialla day , which is but ſix-
pence, and with that they areto find themſelves, bur for fix dffayes work and diet they
are to have five Rials, which is half a Crown. This ſfame order is obſerved-in the
City of Guatemala , and Towns of Spaniards , where to every family rhat wants the
ſervice ofan Indian or Tndians,though it be but to fetch water and wood on their backs,
or to: go of arrants, isallowed the like ſervice from the neereſt 7:4iay Towns. It
would grieve a Chriſtians heart to ſee how by ſome cruell Spariards in thar weeks ſer-
vice thoſe poor wretchesare wronged and abuſed; ſome viſiting their wives at home,
whilſt cheir poor husbands are digging and delving ; others whipping them for their
flow working, others wounding them with their {words, or breaking cheir heads for
ſome reaſonable and well grounded anſwer in their own behalf, others ftealing from
them their rooles, others cheating them of half, others of all their wages, alleadg-
ing thar their ſervice coſt them half a Riall, and yet their work not well performed-
Iknew ſome who madea common pra&tce of this, when their wheat was ſowne , and
they had little to do for the 1adians; yet they would have home as many as were due
unto their farme, and on Munday and Tueſday would make them curt and bring themt
omtheir backes as much wood as they needed all that week, and then on Wedneſday
at'noon (knowing the great-defire of the 1ydians to' go home to their wives, for the
whichthey wouldgive any thing) would fay unts rhem, Whar will you give me now,
if I let you $0 home to-do: your own work? whereunto the Tadians would joy-
fully replyand anſer, fome that they would give a Riall, others two Rials, which
they would take and ſend them home, and ſo would have much work done,' wood to
ſerve their houſe a week, and mony as much as would buy them meat, and Cacao for
Cþocolatce two weeks rogether; and thus from the poor 7adians do thoſe uncon-
{cionable Spaniards pradtice a cheap and lafie way of living. Others will fell ther
away for that week unto a neighbour'that hath 'preſent need'of work ,*demanding
Rials a piece for every--d5a#, which he thar buyeth them, will' be ſure to defray our
of their wages. So hkewiſe arethey. ina laviſh bondage and readineſſe for all paſſen-
gers and travel_lers,' who 'in any Town may demand unto the'next Town' as many
Tndians do g0 with his Mules, or-to carry on their backs a heavy burthen as he ſhall
need, who atthe journeys endwill pick ſome quarrell with them, and ſo fend clk)ler\;
ack

 
A New Survey of the Weſt-Indies, 141

back with blowes and ſtripes withour any pay at all. A Peraca, or jeathern Trunke
and cheſt of above a hundred weight , they will make thoſe wretches to carry on their
Y backs a whole day, nay ſome two or three dayes rogether, which they do by tying the
chelt 0n each ſide with ropes, having a broad leather in che middle, which they croſſe
_ : over the forepart of their head, or over their forehead, hanging rhus the waight upon
l their headsand browes, which art their journeys end hath made the bloud thek in the
foreheads of ſome, galling and pulling off theskin, and marking them in the fore-rop
6f their heads, who as they are called Tamemez, 10 are eafilyſi known in a Town by
their baldneſſe, that learher girt having worn off all their hair. With theſe bard
uſages, yet do thoſe poor people makea ſhift to live amongſt the Spanriards,bur forhar
with anguiſh of heart they are ftill crying our to God for juſtice, and for liberty,whoſe

 

 

n, only comfort is in their Prieſts and Fryers, who many times do quier them when they
an would riſeup in mutiny, and for their own ends do often preyail over them with
ne fair and cunning perſwaſions, to bear and fuffer for Gods fake, and for the g00d ofthe

nt Common-wealth rhat hard rask and ſervice which is laid upon them. - And rhough in
all ſeaſons, wer and dry, cold and hor, andinall wayes plain and mountainous, green
and dirty, duſty and ftony, they muft performe this hard fervice to their commanding
Maſters , their apparell and cloathingis but ſuch as may cover the nakedneſle of their
body , nay in ſomeir is fuch rorne rags as will not coyer halfe their nakedneſſe. Their
bt ordinary cloathing is a pair of linnen or woollen drawers broad and open at the
0 knees, without ſhooes ( though in their journeys ſome will put '6n leathern fandals
; to keep the ſoles of rhar feet) or ſtockins, without any doubler, a ſhort courle ſhirr,
which reacheth a httle below their waſte, and ſerves more for a doublet rhen for a thirt,
0 and for a cloake a woollen or linnen mantle, ( called Aiate ) tied with: a knot over
one ſhoulder, hanging down on the other ſide almoſt to the ground, with a twelve pen-
ny or two ſhilling hat, which after one good ſhower of raine like paper fals about cheir
necks and eies ; their bed they carry ſometimes about them, which. is that woollen
mantle wherewith they wrap themielves abour at night , takins off their ſhirt and
drawers , which they lay under their head fora pillow; ſome_will carry with thema
ſhort,ſlight, and lighr Mar to lie on, but thoſe that carry it not with them, if they can-
ie not borrow one of a neighbour, lie as willingly intheir mantle upon rhe bare ground,
he as a Gentleman in E-g/andupon a ſoft down-bed, and 'thus do they ſoundly fleep',
and lowdly ſnort after a dayes work , or after a dayes journey with a hundred weight
upon their backs. Thoſe that are of the betrer ſort, and richer, and who are not
employed as Tamemcz to carry burthens, oras Labourers to work for Spaniards , but
keep at home following their own farmes, or following their own Mules abour the
Countrey,' or following their trades and callings in their ſhops, or governing the
} Townes, as Alcaldes, or Aſguaziles, officers of juſtice , may goe a little better appa-
relled , bur after the fame manner. For ſome will haye their drawers with a lace at the
bottom , or wrought with ſome coloured Silke or Crewel ; ſo likewife the mantle a-
4 bout them, ſhall have either a lace, or ſome work of birds on it , fome will wear a
j cut linnen doubler, others ſhooes, but very few ftockins or bands abour their neckes ;
ct and for their beds, the beſt 7zdiay Governour, or the richeſt, who may be worth four
or five thouſand Duckats , will have little more then the poor Tamemez ; for they lie
upon boards, or Canes bound rogether, and raiſed from the ground , whereon they
lay a broad and handſome Mar, and at their heads for man and wife rwo little ſtumps
of wood for bolſters, whereon they lay their ſhirts and mantles, and other cloaths for
pillowes, covering themſelves with a broader blanker then is their manrle, and thus
hardly would Don Bernabe de Guzman the Governour of Petapa lie, and ſo do all
the beſt of them. The womens attire is cheap and ſoon put on; for moſt of them
alſo g0 barefoot, the richer and better ſort wear ſhooes,with broad r1bbons for ſhooe-
ſtrings, and for a petticote, they tie about their waſte a woollen mantle ,” which in
the betrer ſort is wrought with diyers colours, but not ſowed at all, pleated or gathered
in, but as they tie it with aliſtabout them ; they wear no ſhift next their body; but cover,
their nakednefſe with a kind of ſurplice ( which they call Gz4pi/) which bangs looſe
from their ſhoulders downa little below their wafte,” with open ſhort fleeves, which
cover halfe their armes; rhis Guaipil is curiouſly wrought, eſpecially in the bo-
ſome, with Cotton, or feathers. ' The richer fort of trhem wear bracelets and bobs a-,

bour their wriſts and necks; their hair is gathered up with fillets, without any quaife,
or

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

| 142 " ANews urvey of the Wſigſi—lndieſi

or coyering, excepr it be the becter ſort. When they go to Church or abroad, they
put upontheir heads a vail of linnen, which hangeth almoſt to the ground, and this
is that which coſts them moſt ofall their attire, tor that commonly 1t isof Holland or
ſome good linnen broughr from Spain, or fine linnen brought trom China, which'the
þetter ſort wear with alace about. When they are at home at work they commonly
take off their Guaipil, or ſurplice, diſcovering the nakedneſle. of their breaſts and bc-
dy.  They lie alſoin their beds as do their husbands, wrapped up only witha mancle,
or witha blanket.  Their houſes are but poor thatched cotrages, without any. upper
rooms ,. but commonly one or'two. only rooms below, inthe onethey dreſle cheir
meat in the middle of'ir, making a.compaſſe for fire, with two or three ſtones, with-
out any other chimney to convey the ſmoak away, which ſpreading ic felf about
the room filleth the thatch and the rafters ſo with ſut, that all the room ſeemeth to be
a chimney. The next unto it, is not free from ſmoak and blackneſſe, where ſome-
times are four or five bedsaccording to the family. The poorer ſorr haye but oneroom,
where they eat, drefſe their meat andfleep. Few thereare that ſets any locks upon
their dores, for they fear no robbing nor ealing, neither haye they in their houſes
much to loſe, earthen pots, andpans, and diſhes, and cups to drinke their Choco-
Jatte , being the chief commodities'in their houſe. There is ſcarce any houſe which
hath notalſoin the yard a ftew, wherein they bath themſelves with hor water, which
is their chief phyſick when they feel chemſelves diſtempered. Among themſelyes they
are in every Town divided into Tribes, which bave one chief head, ro whomall that
belong unto thar Tribe, do reſort inany difficult matters; who is bound to aid, pro-
teR, defend, counſell, and appear for the reft of his Tribe before the officers of juſtice
in any wrong that is like to be done unto them.. When anyisto be married.the father
of the ſon thatisto take a wife out of another Tribe, goeth unto the head of his
Tribe to give him. warning of his Sons marriage with fuch a maid. Then that head
meets with the head of the maids Tribe , aud they conferre abour it. The buſineſſe
commonly is in debate a quarter of a year; all whichtime the parents of the youth or
man are with gifts to buy the maide; they, are to be at the charges of all thar is ſpent in
eatingand drinking, when the heads of the two Tribes do. meer with the reſt of the
Kindred- of each fide., who ſometimes ſit in conferencea. whole day , or moſt part of
a _night. After many dayes and nights thus ſpent , and afull criall being made ofthe
one and other fides affection, if they chance to difagree about the marriage, thenis
the Tribeand parents of the maid to reſtore back all that the other ſide hath ſpent and
given. They give no portionswith: their daughrers, but when they die, their goods
and lands are <qually divided among their ſons.. If any one want a houſe to hvein,
or. will repair and thatch his houſe anew, notice is given to the heads of the Tribes,
who. warn all the Town to come to help in rhework, and every one is tobringa bundle
of ftraw, and other materials, ſo that in one day with the help of many they finiſh a
houſe without any charges more then of Chocolatte, which they miniſter in great cups
asbig aswill hold aboyea pint, not putting in any coſtly materials, as do the Spaniards,
but only a lictle Anniſced, and Chile, or 1:dian pepper ; or elfe they halfe fill the cup
with Atolle, and powre upon itas much Chocolatte as will. fill the cup and colour it.
Intheir dier the poorer ſort are limited many timesto a diſh of Frixoles, or Turkey
beans, either black or white (whichare there in very great abundance, and are kept
dry for all the year ) boyled with Chile; and if they can have this, they hold them-
ſeſves well fatisfied ; with theſe beans, they make alſo dumplins, firſt boiling the bean
a lictle, andthen mingling it-with a maſſe of Maiz, as we do mingle Currants in our
cakes, and fo boil again the Frixoles, with the dumplin of Maiz maſle, and ſo eat.it hor,
or keep it cold ; but this andall whatſoeverelſe they eat, they either eatit with green
biring Chile, or elſe they dip-it in- water and falr, wherein is braiſed ſome of that
Chile.  Bur if their means will not reach to Frixoles, their ordinary fare and diet is
their Tortilla's ( fo they call thin round cakes made of the dow and maſſe of Maiz )
w_hich they eat hot'from an eathen pan , whereon they are ſoon baked with one tur-
ning over the fire; and theſe they eat alone either with Chile and falt,, and dipping
them.in water and falt with a little bruiſed Chile. When their Maizis green and ten-
der, they boil ſome of thoſe whole ſtalkes or cluſters,, whereon the Maiz groweth with
the leaf abour, and ſo caſtinga little fal abour ir, rhey ear it. I have often eat of
this,.and found it as dainty as our young green peaſe, and very nouriſhing, butif much

increa-

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

)

D nnen mn nnmernmmnmnmmp—memnonea— eD l |
A New Survey of the Weſt-Indies, 143 |

increaſerh the bloud. Alſo of this greenand tender Maiz they make a Furmity, boiling
the Maiz in fome of the milke which they have firſt taken our of ir by bruifing it. The
poorelt 1diay never wants this dier, and is well ſatisfied, as long as his belly is thorowly
filled. Bur the pooreſt thar live in ſuch Towns where fleſh mear 1s fold, will make a hard
ſhifc, but that when they come from work on Saturday night, they will buy one halfe
Riall, or a Riall worth of freſh meat to eat on the Lords day. Some will buy a good deal
at once, and keep it fong by dreſling it into Tafſajo's, which are bundles of fleſh, rowled
up andied faſt ; which they do, when for examples fake rhey have from a leg of beef
fliced off from the bone all the fleſh with the knite, after the leagth, form, and thinneſſe
of a line, or rope. Then they take the fleſh and falr it, ( which being ſliced and thinly cut;
ſoon takes falt) and hang it up in their yards like a line from poſt to poſt, or from tree to
rree, to the wind for a whole week, and then they hang it in the ſmoak another week, and
after rowle it up in ſmall bundles, which become as hard as a ſtone, and ſo as they need ir,
they waſhit, boil it and eatit. Thisis America's powdered beef, which they call Taſſajo,
whereof T have often eaten, and the Sparrards eat much of ir, eſpecialty thoſe that trade
abour the Countrey wich Mules ; nay this Taſſajo isa great commodity, and hath made
many 4 Spamiardrich, who carry a Mule or two toaden with theſe Taffajo's in ſmall par=
cels and bundles to thoſe Towns where is no fleſhat all ſold; and there rhey exchange
them for other commodities among the 1d:as, receiving. peradyenture for one Taſſajo
or bundle, (which coſt them bur the half part ofa farthing) as much Cacao,. as in other
places they fell for a Riall or fix pence. The richer ſort of people will fare better, for if
there be fiſh or fleſhto be had, they will have it, and ear moſt greedily of it ; and will
not ſpare their fowls and Turkeys from their own bellies. Theſe alſo will now and then
get a wild Dear, ſhooting it with their bows and arrows. And when they have killed it,
they let it lie in the 'Wood in ſome hote or bottom coyered with leaves for the ſpace of
abourt a week, untill it ſtinkand begin to be full of wormes ; then they bring it home;

"cut it out into joints, and parboil it with'a herbe which groweth there ſomewhat

like unto our Tanzy, which they fay ſweetneth it again , and maketh the fleſh eat' ten=
der, andas white as a piece of Turkey. Thus parboited , they hang up the joints in
the ſmoke for a while, and then boil itagain, when they eat ir, which is commonly
dreſſed with red 745az pepper ; and thisis the Veniſon of America, whereof T have
ſometimes earen, and found it white and ſhort, but never durft be too bold with it,
not thar T found any evill raſte in it., bur that the apprehenfion of the wormes and
maggots which formerly had been in it, troubled much my ftomack. Theſe Indiaxs
that have little to doat home, and are not employed in the weekly ſervice under the
Spaniards in their hunting, will took ſerioufly for Hedge-hogs, which are juft like un-
ro ours, though certainly ours are not meat for any Chriftian. They are full of pricks
and briſtles like ours, and arefound in woodsand fields, living in hoſes, and as they
fay feed upon nothing but Amits and their egs, and upon dry rotten fticks, herbs ,
and roots; of theſe they ear much, the fleſh beingas white and ſweet as a Rabbit,and
asfat as isa 7anuary hen, kept up and fatted in a Coop. OF this meat T havealſo ea-

© ren, and confeſle it isa dainty diſh there , though I will nor fay the ſame of a Hedge-

hog here; for what here may be poyfon, there may be good and lawfull meat, by
ſome accidentalldifference inthe creature ir felf, andin thar which it feeds upon, orin
the temper of the air and climate, This meat not only the 7-d;ans but the beft of the
Spaniards feed onit; anditisſo much eſteemed of, rhat becauſe in Lent they are com-
monly found, the Spaniards will not be deprived of ir, but do eat it atfo then, alleadg-
ing that itisno fleſh (though inthe eating it be in farneffe and in taſte, andinall fike
unto fleſh ) for that it feeds not upon any thing that is very nouriſhing, but chiefly
upon Amits egs, and dry fticks. Ir is a great poinrt of controverfie amongft their
Divines, ſome hold it lawfull, others unlawfull for thar cime ; it feems the pricks arid
briftles of the 7,4i4n Hedge-hog prick their conſciences with a fooliſh ſcruple. Another
kind of meart they feed much onwhich is called 7gaana; of rheſe fome are found in,
the waters, others upon the land. They are fonger rhena Rabbit, and like unto a Scor-
pion, wich ſome green , ſome black fcales on their backes. Thoſe upon the land will
run very faft like Lizards, and will climbe up trees like Squerrits , and breed in the
rootsof trees or in ſtone wals. The ſight of them is enough to affright one; and
yet when they are dreſfed and ftewed in broth with a littte ſpice, they make a dainry
broth, and eat alſoas white as a Rabbit , nay the middle bone 15 made juft llſſge,

£ne

 
 

 

 

HAA A New Survey of tb(e W eſt-Indies.

the: backe bone of A Rabbit. ſſTheyſſſſſſiſſreſſ' dat;gm'o-l]ſſsſi meat,. if not. thſouqh'ybo;lcſil -

andthey had' almoſt coft me my lifefor eating too mugh of them,, nor. being ſtewed
Enough., There are alſo many water and: land Tortot's, which the 7adians tind our
for themſelves, and alſo” reliſh exceeding well unto the Spaniards palate. As for drink-
ing, the” 1ndians generally are much given unto it; and drink if they have nothing
elſe, of their poor and fimple Chocolatte, withourt Sugar or many compounds,: or 0t
Arolle, untill their bellies be' ready ro burſt. Bur if they can ger any drink that will
make them mad drunk , they will not give it over as long as a drop is lefr,. or a
penny remains in thar purſeto purchaſe it. Amongſt thenilelyes they uſe to make ſuch.
drinks as are in operation far ftronger then wine ;,and theſe they confeQtion inſuch great
Jarres as come from Spazz; wherein they'put ſome. litcle quantity of water, and {ill
up the Jar with ſome Melaſſo's, or juice of the Sugar Cane, or ſome hony for to ſweeten
it; then for the firengthnivg of it,, they put roorsand leaves of Tobacco, with other
kinde ofroots which grow nhere,and they know.to be ftrong in operation, nay in ſome
places Thave known where they haye put in alive road, and fo cloſed up the jar fora.
fortnight, or moneths/ſpace, till all rhat they have. put in him, bethroughly Reeped and
the toad conſumed,and the.drink wel.ftrengthened,then they open it, and call their friends
to the drinking of ir, ( which commonly they do in the night rime, lelt their Prieſt in the
Town ſhould have notice ofthem in the day) which they never leave off, untill they be
mad and raging drunk. This drink they call Chicha, which ſtinkech moſt filthily,
and certainly is the cauſe ofmany 72dians death, efpecially where they uſe the toads
poyſon with it. Once Twas informed living in M7xco, of a- great meeting' that. was ap-
pointed in an 7-4:azs houſe andTrook with methe officers of Jultice ofthe Town, to-
ſearch that T-4ians houſe, where T found four Jarres of Chicha not yet opened, I cauſed
them to be taken out, and broken inthe ſtreet before his door, andthe filthy Chicha to/
be poured out, which left.ſuch a ſtinking ſent in my noſtrils, that with the ſmell of it, or
apprehenfion of its loathſonteneſſe, Ifell to yomiting, and.continued ſickalmoſt a whole'
week after.

Now. the Spariards knowing this inclination of the- 1ndians untfo drunkenneſſe , do
Hherein much_abuſe andwrong them, though true it is there'is a ftri& order, even' to
the forfeiting of the wine of any one, who ſhall. preſume to ſell wine in a Town of
Tadians, with, a mony mul& beſides. Yet for all this'the baſer and poorer ſort of
Spaniards for their lucre and gain contemning authority, will go out from Guare-
Tala, to the Towns of 7nd5ans about, and carry ſuch wine to {ell and inebriate the
Natives as may be very advantagious to thetnſelves ; for of one Jar of wine, they
will make' two at leaſt, confectioning it with hony and water,. and other ſtrong drugs
which are., cheap. to them, and Rtrongly operative upon the' poor and weak Tndians
heads', and this they will ſell for currant Spaxiſh wine,. with ſuch pint and quart mea-
ſures, as nevet were allowed by Juftice Order, but by themſelves invented. - With ſuch
wine they ſoon intoxicate the poor 1aians, and when they have made them drunk,
then they will cheat them more, making them pay double for their.quart meaſure; and
when they ſee they can drink no more, then they will cauſe them to lie downand fleep ,
andin the mean while will pick their pockets. This is-a common fin among thoſe
Spaniards of Guatemala, and much practiſed 'in the City upon the Tadians, when they
come thither to buy or ſell. Thoſe that keep the Bodegones (ſoarecalled the honſes
that ſell wine, which are no better thena Chandlers ſhop., for beſides wine they {ell
Candles, Fiſh, Salt, Cheeſe and Bacon) will commonly intice in the 1d5ans, and make
them drunk, and then pick their pockets, and turn them out of doores with blowes.
and ftripes, if they will not fairly depart. There was in Gzatemala in my.time one of
theſe Bodegoners, or ſhopkeeper of wine and ſmall ware,, named foan Ramos, who
by thus cheating and tipling poor 1-dans (as it was generally reported) was worth
two f_\undred thouſand duckates, and in my time gave with a daughter that was marri-
ed, cight thouſand Duckats. No Trdian ſhould paſſe by his door , but he would call
limin, and play upon him as aforefaid. In my time a Spariſh Farmer, neighbour of
mine in the Valley of 2:xco., chanced to ſend to Guatemala his Indian ſervants with
}}_alf a dozen mules loaden with wheat to a Merchant ,-with whom he-had agreed be-
fpre for the price, and ordered the money.to be ſent unto him by his ſeryant ( whom
le had kept fix years, andever found him truſty ) the wheat being delivered, and the

mMoney received ( thewhich mounted to ter: pound, ſixtcen ſhillings, every mule car-
rying

 

D
 

 

 

rying fix buſhels, at twelveRaalsa buſhell, as was then the price) the 7:dian with anc-
ther Mare of tus walking along the ftreets to' buy ſome {mall commodities patſed by
Zohn Ramos his ſhop, or bodegon, who enticing him and his mate in, ſoon,tripped up
their heels with a little confeftioned wine for that , purpoſe, and took away all 1,{2
mony from'the intruſted 7;4;4y, and beatthem our of kis houſe; who thus drunk beins
forced toride/home, rhe 7xdraz thar had received the money, fell from his Mule | and
broke hisneck; the other got home without his mate or money. ' The Fz\rmer, pro-
ſecuted Fohy Ramos in the” Court for his money, but Razcs being rich and abler to bribe

then the Farmer, got off very well, and ſo had done formerly in almoft the like caſes.
Theſe are bur- peccadillo's among thoſe Spaziards, to make drunke, rob! and veeafion
the poor 14;azsdeath ; whoſe death wich 'them 15 no more” regarded nor vindicated

then the' death'ofa ſheep-or- bullock, thar falsinroa pit.  And thus having ſpoken of
apparell; 'houſes, eating anddrinking, it remains that'T fay ſomewhar of their civiliew
and Religion of thoſe who lived under the Goyernmient of the Spariards. From the szſiiſil
ardsthey have hotrowed their Civill Governiment, andin all Towns they have one or
two Alcaldes, with more or leſle Regidores, (who- areas Aldermen or Jurates amonoft
us) and ſome Alryaziles, more or leſſe, who are as Conftables; ro execute the orders :Z)f
the Alcalde(who 15a Maior )with his Brethren.In Towns of three or four hundred families;
or upwards,thereare commonly two' Alcaldes, ſix Regidores tivo Alguaziles Maiors/and
ſix under or petty Alguaziles. And ſome Towns are priviledged with an Hydran Govers
nour, whoisabove the Alcaldes, and ell the reit of the Officers. Theſe are changed every
year by new eleCtion, andare choſen by the 1n4;ans themſelyes, who take their thrns by
rhe tribes or kindreds, whereby they are divided: - Their offices begin 0n New years day;
andafter that day their election is carryed ro the City of Guatemala ( if in thar diſtrict it
be made) orelſe to the heads of Juſtice, or* Spaziſh Governours of the ſeverall Provinz
ces, who confirmthe,new EleQtion, and take account of the laſt years expences made by
the other officers, who carry with them their Town book of accounts+ andtherefore for
this purpoſe every Town hathia Clerk or. Scrivener, called Eſcrivano, who commonly
continueth many years in his office, by reaſon pf the' paiicity and unfitnefſe: of Tndian
Scriveners, who are able to bear ſuch a charge. -This Clerk hath many fees for his writihgs
and informations, and accounts, as have the-Spaniards, though not ſo much money or
bribes, but a ſmall matter, according to the poverty of the 7z4;ays. The Governour'is
alſo commonly continued many years, being ſome chief man among the ' 17dians, ex-
cept for his miſdemeanours he be complained of, or the 14;azs in generall doall ftomach
him.
Thus they being ſetled ina civill way of government, they may execute juſtice np-
onall ſfuch 7zaians of rheir Town as do notoriouſly and ſcandalouſly'offend. They
may impriſon, fine, whip, and banifh, but hang and quarter they may not ; but muſt re-
mit ſuch caſes to the Spanzh Governour: © So likewiſe if a Spaziard paſling by the
Town, or living init, do trouble the peace; and miſdemean himſelf, they may lay
hold on him, and ſend him to thenext Spaniſh Juſtice, with a full information of his
offence, but fine him or keep him above one night in priſon they may nor. This order

. they have againſt Spajiards, but they dare not executeir, fora whole Town ſtandeth in

awe of one Spanrard, and though he never ſo hainouſly offend, and be unruly , with
oathes, threatnings, and drawing of his ſword; he maketh theni quake and tremble ,
and not-preſume to touch him ; for they know if they do; they ſhall havethe worſt,
either by blowes; or by ſome miſ-information; which he will give. againft chem, And
this hath been very often tried , for where, Tnd5ans have by virtue' of their order in-
deayouredto'curbe an unruly Spaziard in their Town, ſome of them have been woun-
ded, others beaten, and when they have carried rhe Spaviard before a Spariſh Juſtice
and Governour, he hath pleaded for what he hath done; faying it -was in his
own defence, or for his Kingand Soveraign , and that the 7zd;ans would have killed
him, and began to mutiny all together' againſt the Spawiſh authority ; and Govern-
ment., 'denying to ſerve him with what he needed for his way and journey ; that they
would not be flaves to give him or aty Spaniard any attendance; and thar they would
make an endof him,and of all the Spaxiards. With theſe and ſuch like falſe and lying
miſ-informations, the unruly Spaniards have- often been beleeyed, and roo much up-
held in their rude and uncivill miſdemeanors, and the 1,dians bitterly curbed , and

puniſhed, and anfiver made them in ſuch cafes, that if they had been killed for thei?
ov mutiny

. A NeſſzſivſſSzirve?)ſ ojſiſſiZbZWeſtIn(ſiheg_uſſ Iid

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

A New'Survey.of the W eſt-Indies.
muſſnſſſſyſi and rebellion againſt che King, and his beſt ſubjects, they had been ſeryed.well
enough ; and thar if they gaye not attendance-untothe Spariards that paſſed bytheix
Town , their houſes ſhould. be fired, and they;and their children utterly .conſumed.
With ſuch like anſwers fromthe, Juſtices,, and credency r0 what any'baſe Spawjard {hall
inform againſt 'them, rhe poor 7ndians are fain to put upall wrongs done uato thein,
not daring to meddle with any-Spaniard., be he never ſy, unruly, by 'virtue -of-that
QOrder which. they haveagainit them. | Amongſt themſelves,-if any complaint bemade
againſt any {ydian, they darenot meddle with -him untill they. call all his kindred; and
elpecially the head of that tribe to which| he belongeth; whoif he;and-the reſt
rogether ,. find him to deſerye-impriſonment, .or whipping,or any other puniſhment,
then the Officers of Juſtice, the Alcaldes-or Maiors, .and their Brethrenthe Jurates-in-
flict upon himchat puniſhment; which /all ſhall agree.' upon., . But -yet--after: judgs
ment and ſentence given,  they:haye another which is their, laſt- appeal, if they pleate,
and thatisto their Prieſt- and Fryer,, who:liveth-in their Town, by whom'they! will -
Jometimes. be judged., .and undergo what puniſhment. he ſhall think fitteſt., To.the
Church therefore they often reſort_in _points'of Juffice ,. rhinking' the Prieſt knowerh
more of Law and equity, then themſelyes: who ſometimes reverterhwhat-judgement
hath been: giyen in the Town-houſe, blaming the Officers for their partiality'and paſtion
againſt their poor Brother, and \ſetting ; free/the party /judged by rhen;; which che
Prieft: does  ofcentimes, if ſuch/ an. 1zdian do belong 'to the Church; or to-the. ſervice
of their-houſe, or have any other relation.to chem, peradventare for their wives fake,
whom either they affet or imploy in waſhing, - or making their Chocolatte. --Such;
and their husbands may live:lawleſſe as long as the Prieft-is 1n the',Town.-> And-if
when the Prieſtis abſent, they call them-to triall for any miſdemeanor,and whip;fine;
or- impriſon, (which occaſion. they will ſometimes pick out 6n purpoſe- when: the
Prieft returnes,,.they ſhall be fure-to hear.-of it, and ſmartforit, yea,and theOfficers
themſelyes, peradventure be whipped in-the Church, by the Prieſts-order and appoints
mentz- againſt whom they dare not ſpeak;, - but willingly: accept what-firipes and piis
niſhment he layeth upon them, judging ,his-wiidome, 'ſentence,- and puniſhing handz
the wiſdome, ſentence and hand of God ; whom as they have beentaught to beovet
all Princes, Judges, worldly Officers, ſo likewiſe they believe, (and have beenſotaught)
that his Priefts and Miniſters are above; theirs, and all worldly power-and authoriry!
It happened unto me living in the Town of 24;xco, that an Zzd;an being judged to
be whipped for ſome diforders, which he committed,yvoul.d not yeeld to the ſentence;
but appealedto me, faying he would have his ſtripes in the Chureh, and by my or-
der, for ſo he faid his whipping would do him good, as coming from-the hand of
God. When he was broughtunto me.,.Lcould nort reverſethe 1dians judgment;for
it was juſt, and ſo_cauſed him.to be whipped, which he took very patiently and\mers
rily, and after. kiſſed my handsand gaye me. an offeting of money for-the good the
faid, I had done unto his ſoul. Beſides this civiliry of juſtice amongſtthem, - they live
as in other Civill and Politick and well goyerned Common-wealths; for in'mott -'of
their Towns,.there are ſome thar profeſle ſuch trades asare praQtiſed among Spaniards:
There are amongf them, Smiths, Taylors, Carpenters, Maſons, Shoomakers, and the
like,, It was my fortune. to ſer_upon/a,hard -and difficult building \in'a Church of
Mixco, where I defired-to makea very broadand capacious vaulr over ithe: Chappell,
which wasthe harder to, be finiſhed in a xound circumference, becauſe it depended up-
a triangle, yet for this work I ſought none but 7-dians, fome of the Town, ſome
from other places,who madeit ſo compleat,that the beſt andskilfulleft workmen amons
the Spariards hadenough to wonder atit. So are moſt of their Churches vaulted
onthe top, andall by /z45azs.; they only in my time built a new Cloiſter inthe Town
of Amaritlan, which they finiſhed with many Arches of ftone both in the-lowerwalks
and inthe upper galleries, with as much perfection as the beſt Cloiſter of-Graremala,
had before been built by the Spaniard. Were they mote inconraged by the Spaniards,
and- taught- better' prirciples: both for ſoul and body, doubtleſſe they would among
themſelves-make a yery.good Common-wealth. For painting they are much inclined
roit,'and moſt of the-piQures, -and Altars of the Countrey Towns are their workman-:
ſhip. In moſt of their Towns they have a Schoole, where they are taught 'to read;
toſing, and ſome to. write....To the Church theredo belong according as the Toywn
isin bigneſſe, ſo. many Singers, and Trumpeters, and Waits,over whom the Prieſt hath
one

 

 
New Survey of the W eſt-Indies, 147 |

 

one Officer, who is called Fiſcal;he goerth with a white Stafe with a little Silver Croſſe on

. the top to repreſent the Church,and ſhew that he is the Priefts Clerk and Officer. When

any caſe is brought to be examined by the Prieft, this Fiſcall or Clerk executeth Juſtice

. by the Priefts Order.He muſt be one that can'read and wnre,and is commonly the-Matter
. of muſick.  He is bound upon the Lordsday and

other Saints dayes, to gather to the
Church beforeand after Service all' the young youths and maids, and ro teach them the
Prayers, Sacraments, Commandements, and other points of Catechiſme allowed by
the Church of Reme. Tn the morning he and the other Maſicians at the ſound of the
Bell, are bound to come ro the Church"to' ſing and officiate at Maſſe," whichin many
Towns they performe with Organs 'and other Muſicall intiruments;, ( as hath been
-obierved before) as well as Spariards. **$0 likewiſe at eveningat five of the clockthey

-are again to reſort 'to. Church , when the Bell calleth to ſing Prayers , which they
call Completa's, or Completory, with S;ztve Reging,” a prayer to the Virgin Mary.This

Fiſcal is a great man'in the Town; and beares more ſway then the Maiors, Jurates.and
other Officers of Juſtice, and when the' Prieſt is pleaſed, giveth atrendance to him

goeth abour his arrants, appointeth fuch as are to wait 0n him wheh he riderh our
of Town. Both he andall that doe belong unto the Church, are'exempred from
the common weckly ſervice of the' Spaniards, and from giving artendance to_Tra-
vellers, and from other Officers of Juſtice: Buttheyare to attend withtheir Wairz,
Trumpetsand Muſick, upon any great man or Prieſt that cometh to their Town, d
ro make Arches with boughs and flowers in the ſtreets for their entertainment. Beſides
theſe, thoſe alſo that do belong unto'the ſervice of the Prielts houſe, are priviledged
from the Spariards ſervice. Now the Prieſt hath change of ſervants by the week, who
take their turnes ſo, that they may have a week or two to ſpare todo their work, Tf
it bea great Town, he hath three- Cooks allowed him; (if a ſimnall Town, but two?)

- men Cooks who change their turns, except he ' have any occafion of feaſting, then

they all come. $0 likewiſe he hath two or three more (whom they' call Chahal) as
Butlers, who keep whatſoever provifion isin the houſe under lock and key z and give
to the Cook what the Pricft appointeth to be drefſed for his dinner or ſupper ; thele
keep the Table Clothes; Napkins,Diſhes, and Trenchers; and lay the Cloth; and take a-
way, and wait at the Table; he hath befides three or four, and'in great Towns half
a dozen of boyes to do his arrants, wait at the Table, and fleepinthehouſe all the
week by their turns, who with the Cooks and'Butlers dine and ſup conſtantly in the
Prieſts houſe, and at his charges. He hath alfo at dinner and ſupper times the/atten-
dance of fome old women ( who alfo taketheir turns). tro overſee half a dozen yong
maids, who next tothe Prieſts houſe do meet to-make”him and his family Tortilla's
or Cakes of Maiz, which the boyes do bring hot to the Table by halfe a' dozen- at
a time. - Beſides theſe ſeryants, if he have a Garden he is allowed two or three Gar-
deners ; and for his ſtable, at leaſt half a dozen Tpdians, who morning and eveningare
to bring him Sacate (asthere they call it) or herb and grafſe for his'Mules and Horſes,
theſe dier not in the houſe ; but the:Sroome of theſtable; who is to corhie ar morning,
noon and Evening, (and therefore are three or four to change) or atany time thar
the Prieſt will ride out ; theſe T fay and the Gardners (when they are at work) dite
and ſupar the Prieſts charges; who ſometimes in-great Towns hath above- a'doz#n
to feed and provide for. There are befides belonging tothe Church priviledged from
the weekly attendance upon the Spaniards two or three Tadians, called Sacriftanes;who
have care of rhe Veſtry and Copes, and Altar Clothes, and every day make ready
the Altar or Altars for Maſſe; alſo to'every Company or' Sodality of the Saints,” or
Virgin, thereare two or three, whom they call Mayordomo's, 'who gather about the
Town Almes for the maintaining of the' Sodality.; theſe alſo gather Egges about the
Town for the Prieſt every week, and give him an account of their gatherings,' and al-
low him every moneth, or fortnight, two Crownes for a Maſſe ro be fung'to the
Sainr. : :

If there be any fiſhing place neer the Town, then the Prieft alſois allowed for to
ſeek him fiſh three or four, and in ſorne places halfa dozen 794;ans, beſides the offerings
in the Church, and many other offerings which they bring whenſoever they come to
ſpeak_unto the Prieſt,” or confeſſe with him /7 or for a Saints feafz7 to be celebrated,”
and beſides rheir Tirhes of every thing, there is:a monethly maintenance in-money al-
lowedunto the Prieſt ,and brought unto him by the Alcaldes,” or Maiors, and]ufaht.fþsg

O 2 WHhIC

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

P  emeenne d el
148 A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies,

Which he ſetterh his hand untoin a book of the Towns expences. This maintenance

(chough it be allowedby the Spani/b magiſtrate , and paid inthe Kings name for the

preaching ofrhe Goſpel) yet it comes out of the poor Tn4;ans purſes and labour and

is either gathered about the Town, or taken out 'of the Tribure, which they 'pay un=

io the King,or from a .common plat of ground which with the help of all is fowed

and gathered inand ſold for that purpole.  All the Towns in America, which are

civilized and under the Spanz/h government, belong either ro the Crown, or to ſome

other Lords, whom they call Encomendero's, and pay a yearly tribute unto them. Thoſe

that are tenants to their Lords or Encomendero's (who-commonly are ſuch as-deſcend

from the firſt conquerers) pay yet unto the King ſomeſmalltribute in money, beſides

whar they pay in other kind of commodiries unto their own Encomendero, and in

money alſo. There'is no Town ſo poor, where every married H-dian doth not pay atithe

Jeaſt in money four Rials a year for tributeto the King, beſides other four Rials ro his

Lord or Encomendero. And if the Town pay onlytothe King,they pay ar lealt fix, and

in ſome placeseight Rials by {tatute, beſides what other commogrties are common 0

the Town -or Countrey where they live, as Maiz, ( thar is paidin all Towns) hony,

Turkeys, fowles, falt, Cacao, Mantles of Cotton-wool; and the like commodt-

ties they pay who are ſubject toan Encomendero z but ſuch-pay only mony, aor. com-

modities to the King. The mantles of tribute are much eſteemed of, for they are

choiſe ones, andof a bigger ſize then others, ſo likewiſe is the tribute \Cacao, Achzorte, |
Cochinil, where it is paid ; forthe beſt is ſet. apart for the Tribute ; andif the Jngians '
bring that which is not prime good, they ſhall furely be laſhed, and ſent back for

better. The heads of the ſeverall Tribes have careto gatherit, and todeliverit tothe

Alcaldes and Regidores, Maiorsand Jurates, who carry it either to the Kings Exche-

quer inthe City, 'or to the neareſt Spaniſh Juſtice (if it belong to the King) or to

the Lord,, or Encomendero of the Town. In nothing I 1ever perceived the Spau-

ards mercifull and indulgent unto the Tndians, but in this, chat ifan Indiaz be very

weak, poor and fickly andnot able to work, 'or threeſcore and ten years of age,

he is freed from. paying any tribute. |There be alſo ſome Towns priviledged from

this tribute ; which are thoſe which.can provethemſclyesrohave deſcendedfrom T{ax-

\talla., or from certain Tribes or families of 'or about Mexico, who helped the firit

Fpaniards in the.conqueſt of that Countrey. As fortheir cartiage andbehayiour,the

Tndians are very. courteous andloving, and of a timorous nature, and-willing to ferve

and to obey, and t0 do good, if they be drawn by love; bur where they are. too much

tyrannized, they are dogged, unwillingito pleaſe, or to work; and will chooſe xa-

ther franglingand death then life. They are very truſty, and never were knownt0 |
commit any robbery of importance; ſo-that the Spawiardsdare truſt tro abide with them |
in a wilderneſſeallnight, though they jhave bags of gold about them. So for ſecrecy |
they areverycloſe ; andwill not reveal any thing againſt their own Natives, 0r:a Spa-

miards credit andreputation, if theybe any way affe&ed to ;him. But ;above all un-

x0 their Prieſt they are very reſpeRtive unto him.; ,and when they .comerto ſpeak unto

him, -put ontheir beſt clothes, ſtudytheir complements andwordsto:pleaſe;him. They

arevery abundantin their .expreſſiors, and ifull of dircumlocutions adorned with pa-

tablesand fimile's \toexpreſletheir mind andintention. T -have oftenfar fill for the 1
ſpace ofanhour , only hearingſome 'o1d womenmake their ſpeeches unto me, with ]
fo manyielegancies-in their rongue :(which in Engli/h would be non-ſenſe, or barba-

rots expretlions ) as would make me wonder, and 'learn by their ſpeeches more of

their language, then'by any .other endevour. or tudy ofmine own: And f T.could

reply -unto themin-the like phraſesand expreſlions ( which T would ofren endevour ) [
I ſhould beſure to win their-hearts, and-ger anyithing fromthem. As for their Religi- |
'0n, they are outwardly ſuch asthe Spamards, but inwardly hard to believe that which ſ

[
0

 

 

 

 

is:aboveenfſe,nature,and the viſiblefightof theeye ; and.many of themto this day do
incline to' worſhip Idols of ſtocks and ftones, and are given to much ſuperftition, and to
obſerve .crofſe wayes, andmeeting of beaſts inthem, theflying of birds, their-appearing
and finging neer their houſes at ſuch and -ſuch times. Many :are given to witchcraft , j
and are 'deluded by the Devill to believe thattheirlife dependeth upon the life of ſuch |
and ſucha beaſt {which:they-take unto them /as ;their farmiliar ſpirit ) and :think that b
when-thar.beaſtdieth they muſt die.; when the1is cchaſed, their hearts pant, when the f
is Fainttheyarcfaint; nayithappeneth that:by the:devils deluſion chey appear _i\rſi-the

ape.

 
 

 

A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies. 149 ||

ſhape of that beaft, ( which .commonly by their choice is.a Buck; or Doe; -a Lion, -of l
Tigre, or Dog, or Eagle)) and inchar ſhape have been ſhot at and wounded. asIfhall
ſhew1inthe Chapter following. And for this reaſon (asIcame to un_derſtancf by ſome
of them ) they yeeld unto the Popiſh Religion, eſpecially ro the worſhiping of Saints
Images, becauſe they look upon them as much like unto their forefathers Idols: and
ſecondly, becauſe, rhey ſee ſome of chem painred with Beaſts; as Hrerom with aI:yon ;
Anthony. with an Afſe, and.other, wild beafts, Dowinick, with a Dog, Blu with a Hog,
Marke with a. Bull, and 7oby with an Eagle, they, are:more confirmed in cheir deluff:
ons, and think verily thoſe Saints were of their opinion,, and that-thoſe beaſts were
their familiar ſpirirs in whoſe ſhape they alſo were transformed when they lived, and
with whom they died. All 1zdians are much afected unto theſe Popiſh Saints, but
eſpecially thoſe which are given to. witchcratft, and our of the ſmalneſſe of their ſ}.eans
they will be ſure to buy ſome of theſe Saints and bring themto the Church, thar there
they may ſtand and be worſhipped by them and others. The Churches are full of them,
and theyare placed upon ſtanders gilded or painted, to. be carried in proceſon upon
mens ſhoulders, upontheir proper day., And from hence cometh no lictle profit to the
Prieſts ; for. upon ſuch Saints daies, the owner ofthe Saint maketh a grear feaſt in the
Town, and preſenteth unto the Prieft ſomerimes two-or three, ſomerimes four or: five
crownes for his Maſſe and' Sermon, beſides a Turkey. and three or four fowls, with as

much Cacao as will ſerve to make him Chocolatte for. all the whole O#ave or eighr. .
dayes following. So that in ſome Churches, where there are ac leaſt fourty of theſe Saints
Statues and Images, they bring unto the Prieſt at leaſt fourty,poundsa year. The Prieft
thereforeis very watchfull oyer thoſe Saints dayes, and fendeth warning beforehand
unto the T-dians of the day of their Saint , that they may provide themlelves for the
betrer celebrating it both at. home and in_ the Church. Tf they concribute_not- boun-
rifully, chen the Prieft will chide, and threaten that he will not preach. .. Some 1ndians
throngh povyerty have-been unwillingto cortribute any thing atall, orto Jolemnize in
the Church andat his houſe; his Sainrs day, - but then the Prieſt hath/threatned to caſk
his Saints/image out of the.Church, faying that the Church ought not to' be filled
with ſuch. Saints asare unprofitable to. ſoul and body, and that jin ſuch a ftatues room
one may ſtand; which may do more_good by occaſioning a ſolemn celebration of one
day more in :the year. So likewiſe if the 14n thart: owed one of thoſe Imapes die
and leave children, they.areto take care of thar Saint- as: part of their- inheritance, and.
to. provide that his day be kept ; butif-noſon, or heirs be left,then the Prieft calleth:
for the heads of the ſeverall Tribes, and for the chief - officers of juſtice, and maketh a,
ſpeech unto _them; wherein he declareth that part of the: Church ground is.taken ,up.
in yain by ſuch an image, and his ſtander, withourt any profit either to the Prieſt, the
Church, or the Town, no heir or owner being left alive to provide for thatorphan Sainr,
toownit; and that in caſe they will not ſeek out who may take 'charge of him, and,
of his day, the Prieft will not ſuffer him to ftand idle in- his Church, like thoſe whom

our Sayiour inthe Goſpell rebuked; 2id hic ſtatrs. tota: die otwwſs.? tor that they ftood. .
idle inthe market all the day: (theſe very expreſiions haye I heard there from ſome Fri-
ers,) and therefore that he muſt baniſh-ſucha Saints: piture out of the Church ; and,
muſt deliver him up before them . into-the Juſtices hands tobe kept by them in the,
Town-houſe, untill ſuch time as he may be bought and-owned by ſome. good Chriſti-;
an.  The. 1ydians when : they hear theſe expreſſions;. begirt to fear; leſt ſome judge-
ment may-befalt their Town for ſuffering a/ Saint,to. be.. excommunicated and caft out:
of their Church,and therefore preſent unto the-Prieft ſotne offering for his prayers unto;
the Saint; that he may do them no hartne; and defire him to limit them a time to,
bring him ananſwer for the diſpofing of that Saint (thinking it will , prove a diſparage+
ment and affront unto their/Town,, if what once harh- belonged to the.,Church, be now,
out, and delivered up to the ſecular. power ). and that in the mean rime, they wilt find
out ſome _good Chriftian, either of the- neereſt friends-and+ kindred to him or them;
who firſt owned the : Saint,,- or elſe ſome ftranger, who! may buy rhat Saint of the,
Prieſt. (ifhe continue in the Church) or..of the Jecular, power (if he be caft out;.of,
the Church and delivered up unto them,/ which theyare unwilling to yeeld ro,having
been raught of judgementsin ſuch a caſe like to befall them) and may by ſome ſptedy,
feaſt and ſolemnity appeaſe the Saints anger towards them, for having been ſo fleigh-.
red by the Town. Alas: poor Tndians, what will they not be brought unto by thoſe
03 Fryers

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

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A XNew Survey of the Weſt-Indies,
FEryers and Priefts, who ſtudy nothing more then their own ends, and to-entich them-
ſelves from the Church and Altar ! rtheir policies (who are the wiſe and prudent_chil-
dren' of this world ſpoken ofin the Goſpell ) can eaſily overtop and mater the fim-
plicity of the poor Tndians; who rather then they will bring an affront upon their
Town , by ſuffering any of their Sainrs ro becaſt our of their Church, or to be with
mony redeemedour of the ſecular powers hands, will make hait to preſent unto him
an owner of that orphan Sainr, who for him ſhall give to the Prieſt not only what:he
may be prizedto be worth ina Paintersſhop for the workmanſhip, gold and-colours
þelonging to him ; but beſides ſhall preſent him wha before hath been obſerved, for
the ſolemnizing of his feaſt. Theſe feaſts bring yet-unto the Saints more profit then
hitherto hath beenſpoken of z for the 1yd;ans havebeen taught rhat upon ſuch dayes
they ought to offer up ſomewhat unto theSaints ; and therefore they prepareeither
money (lome a Riall, ſome two, ſome more), or elſe commonly about Gzatemala white
wax-candles, andin other places Cacao, or fruits, which they lay before the image
of the Saint, whilſt the Maſle is celebrating. Some Zadians will bring @&'bundle of can-

dles of a dozentiedtogether of Rialsa pieceſome, 'ſome of three or four 'for a Riall ,

and will if they be letalone light them allrogether and'burn them out., ſo that the
Prieſt at the end of the Maſſe will find nothing but the ends. Therefore (knowing
well of the wayes of policy and covetouſneſſe) he chargeth the Church officers, whom
I faid before were called| Aayordems's to look tothe offerings,and not'to ſufferthe Jy-
dians who bring candlesto light more then one before the'Sainr, and'toleave the other
before him unlighred (having formerly taught'chem, that the Saints.are as-well pleaſed
with their whole candles as with their burnt candles) thar ſo he may 'have the more
to ſelland make money of. After Maſſe the Prjett and che Atayordomo'stake and fweep
away from the Saint -whatſoever they find hath been offered unto him ; ſo'that ſome-
times ina great Town upon ſuch a Saints day the Prieft may havein money-twelye -or
twenty Rials, and fifty or a hundred candles, which maybeworth unto himewenty or
thirry ſhillings, beſides ſome ends and pieces. Moſt of the Fryers about Gyatemals
are with theſe offeringsas well ftored with:candles, as is any Wax-chandlers ſhop 'i
the City. And the fame candles which thus they have pecerved by offerings they
need not careto ſell them away to Spaniards,who come about to buy them (though ſome
will rather ſell them together to ſuchthough cheaper, that their money might comein
all at once) for the 7:d:ans themſelves whenthey want again any candles for the like
feaſt, or for a Chriſtening, and for a womans' Churching (at which times they alſs
offer candles ) will buy their own again of the Prieft , who ſometimes receiveth the
ftme candles and money for them again five or ſix times. Andbecauſe they find thatthe
Indiansincline very much to this kind of offerings, and that they are ſo profitable un-
to 'them, the Fryers do much prefſe upon the Hudians in their preaching this'point'of
their Reilgion, and devotion. Bur if you demand of theſe ignorant, bur' zealous:of-
ferers the 7ndians anaccount of any point of faich, they will give you little or none.
The myfery of the Trinity, and of the incarnation of Chrift, and our redemprtion
by him isroo hardfor them ; 'they will only anſwer- what they have been taught in @
Catechiſme of queſtionsand anfwers ; > but if you aske them if they believe ſuch @
point of Chriſtianity, they will never anſiver affirmarively,/but only thus, Perhaps it
may be ſ0. They are taught there the doQrine of Rowe, that Chrilts body is truely
and really preſentin the Sacrament, and /no breadin ſubſtance,but onlythe accidents;
if the wiſeſt 74;4x beasked, whether he believe this , he will anſwer, Perhaps it may
beſo. Onceanold woman; who was held to bevery religious, inthe Town of Mixco,
came to me about receiving the Sacrament, and whileſt T was inftruQting of her, T-asked
her ifſhe believed that Chrifts body was in the Sacramenc, ſhe anſwered, Peradventure it
mnay' be ſo. Alittle while after to'try her and get her out of  this train and common an-
ſwer,T asked her what and who wasin the Sacrament which ſhe received from the Prieſts
handat the Altar ; ſhe anſwered nothing for' awhile, and ar-laſt I preſſed upon her for
anatfirmative anſwer : and thenſhe began to 1ook abour to' the Saints in' the Church ,
( which was dedicated to a Saint which they call St. Dominick ) and, as it feemed, be-
ing troubled and doubrful whatto fay,at laſtſhecaſt her eyes upon the high Altar ; butT
ſeeing ſhe delayed the time, asked her again;:who wasin the Sacrament ? to which ſhe re-
plyed,St. Dominick,, who was the Patron of that Church and Town. AtthisT fmiled, and
would yer further try her ſimplicity with a ſimple queſtion Itold her ſhe ſaw St. Dowenick,

; was

 
C C S. ""

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A New Survey of the W «ſt-Indies, 1SL |

was painted with a dog by him holding a torch in his mouth, and the :
world at his feet ; Tasked her, whethe% all this were with St. Donaunick. ?rfotkl,]ee gZcigf
-ment ? To which ſhe anſwered, Perhaps it mighr be ſo; wherewith I began to chide
her, and to inſtru@ her. 'But mine inſtruttion, nor all the teaching and }?reaching of
thoſe Spazi/s Prieſts hath nor yer well grounded them in principles of faith ; th&y are
dull and heavie to believe or apprehend of God, or of heaven,more then witin ſenſe or
reaſon they can conceive. * Yer-they go and run thar way they ſee the Spaniardx run
andas theyare raughr by their Idolatrous Prieſts : Who have raughr them much for-.
mality, andſo they are (as our Formaliſts formerly in England ) very formall, but
little ſubſtantiall in Religion. They have been raught that when they come ro contelti..
on, they muſt offer ſomewhat'ro the Prieſt, andthat. by their giftsand almes. their ſins
ſhall be ſooner forgiven; this they do fo formally obſerve, that whenſoever they
come to confeſſion, bur eſpecially in Lent , none of them dareth to come with empty
hands; ſome bring money, ſome honey, ſome egs, ſome fowls, ſome fiſh, ſome Ca.
eao, ſome onething, ſome another, ſo that'the Prieft hath a plentifull hactrv,eſt in Le;ſif
for his painsin hearing their Confeſlions. They haye been taught thatalſo when they
receive the Communion, they mulſt ſarely every one $ivearlcaſt a Riallro the Prieſt
(furely England was never taught in America to buy the Sacrament with.a two pence
offering, and yetthis cuſtome roo much praQiſedand prefſed uponthe people) which
they performe ſo, that Thaveknown ſome poor 1»diays, who have for a week or two
forborn from coming tothe Communion untill they could ger a Riall offering. Tt:is
to be wondred' what the Prieſts do ger from thoſe poor wrerches in great Towns by
Confefſion and Communion Rials in great Towns, where they denie the Sacrament
ro none that will receiveit, (and in ſome' Towns I have known a thouſand Commiur.
nicants) and forceall aboye twelve and thirteenyears ofage ro,come to, Confeſlion itx

'the Lent. They are very formall alſo in obſerving Rewes Munday, Thurſday ; and

et their Sacrament, and watch it all 'day and night, placing before it 'a/Crucifix 0n
the ground, with two bafins on each fideto hold the fingle or double Rials / which
every one muſt offer 'when-he cometh creeping uponhis knees, and bare-footed to kifſe
Chriſts hands, feer, and ſide. The candles which for that day and night and next_
morning areburned at the Sepulchre 'are bought with another Contribution-Riall,,
which 1s gathered from houſe ro houſe from eyery Todiay for that purpoſe. . .Their
Religion isa dear andlick-penny religion for fuch' poor J1d;axs, andyer they are car-
ried along init formally and/perceive it. nor. They are taughtrhar they muſt remember
the ſouls in Purgatory,andtherefore that they muſt caſt their Almesinto a Cheſt,which
fandeth for that purpoſe'in rheir Churches, whereof the Priett keepeth the key, and.
openeth ir when he wanteth money, or when he pleaſeth.  T have often opened ſome
of thoſe cheſts,, and have found inthem many ſingle Rials, ſome halfe pieces of eiphe,
and ſome whole pieces of eight. And becauſe whar is loſt and found'in the high-wayes,
muſt belong to ſome body, if the true owner be not known , they have been taught
thar ſuch monies or goods belong alſo to the ſouls departed ; wherefore the 745z7s,
(furely more for fear or vanities fake that they may be well thought 0n by the Prieſt )
if they find any thing loſt will beſtowit upon the ſoules ſurer then the Spaniards them-
ſelves (who if they finda purſe loſt will keepit,) and will bring it either co the Prieft
or caſt if into the Cheſt. An 1d;avof 2xco had founda Pataconor piece of cight in
a high-way, and when he came to Confeſlion, he gave it unto metelling me he durſt
not keep it, leſt the ſouls ſhould appear unto him, and demand it. ''So_upon the' ſe-
condday of November which they call All-ſoutes day, they are extraordinary fooliſh,
and ſuperftitious in offering monies, fowles, egs and Maiz, and other commodities
for the ſouls good, burit proves for the' profit of the Priett, who after Maſſe wipes
away to his chamber allthar which thepoor gulled and deluded 74;a75 had offered
unto thoſe ſouls, which needed neither money, food, nor any other proviſion, and
he filshis purſe, and pampers his belly with it. A Fryerthat lived in Petapa boaſted
unto me once that upon their All-ſoules day, his offerings had been about a hundred
Rials, two hundred Chickens and fowls, half a dozen Turkeyes , eighr buſhels of
Maiz, three hundred egs, four ſontles of Cacao, (every ſontle being- four hundred
granes ) twenty cluſters of plantins, above a hundred wax-candles,' beſides ſome,
loavesof bread, and other trifles of fraits. All which being ſamnied up according,

to

?ood-Friday, and then they make their monuments and ſepulchers, wherein they,

 

 

 

 
 

 

to the yrice of the things rhere, and with confideration of the coyn of mony there
(balfa Riall,, or three pence being therethe leaſt coin) mounts to above eight pounds
of our money, a fair and goodly ttipend for a Maiſe, brave wages for half an hours
work; a politick ground for that Error of Purgatory, ifrhe dead bring to the living
Prieſt ſuch wealth in.one day only. Chriſtmas day with the reft of thoſe holy daies
is no leſſe ſuperſtirioully obſerved by theſe 1ndians; for againſt that time they frame
and ſet in ſome corner oftheir Church a lictle thatched houte like a ftall., which they
call Zethlehem, with a þlazing Star over, pointing itunto the three Sage wiſe men from
the Eaſt ; within this ſtall they lay in a Grib, a child madeofwood,, painted and guitded
(who repreſents Chriſt new borne unto them) by him ftands Mary on the one {ide, and
7oſeph on the other, andan Affſe likewiſe on the one fide andan Oxe on the other, made
by hands, the three wiſe men of the Eaft kneel before the Crib offering gold, Frankin-
cenſe and Myrrhe, the ſhepheards ftand aloof off offering their Countrey. gifts, ſome a
Kid, ſome a Lambe, ſome Milk, ſome Cheeſe and Curds, fome fruits, the fields are alſo
there repreſented with flocks ofSheep and Goats ; the Angelsthey hang about the ftall
ſome with Vials, ſome with Lutes, ſome with Harps, a goodly mumming and filent ſtage
play, to draw thoſe {imple ſouls to look abour, andro delight their ſenſes and' fantaſies
in.the Church. R Eaps
Thereis not an Z-d;an that cometh to ſee that ſuppoſed Berblehem,, (and there-js
notany in the Town bur doth come to ſee it) who bringerh nor either money-or
ſomewhat elſe for his offering. Nay the policy of the Priefts hath been:fuch, that
(to ſtir up the Indians with their Saints example ) they have taught them to bring
their Saints upon all the holy dayes, untill Tweltth day.in Broceliton unto this Berh-
lchem to offer their gifts, according to the number ofthe Saints thar ſtand in the Church,
ſome daies there come five, ſome daies eight, ſome daies ten, dividing them, into ſuch
order, that by Twelfth day all may have come and offered, ſome mony, ſome one thing,
ſome another ; The owner of the Saint., he cometh before the Saint with his' friends
and kindred (if there be no ſodality or company, belonging unto- that, Saint ) and*
_ being very well apparelled for that purpoſe., he bowes himſelfand kneels tothe Crib,
and then riſing takes from the Saint what he, bringeth and leaverh ,it-there,, and fo
departs. But if there be a ſodality belonging to the Saint, rhen the Mayordomo's or
chief Officers of that company they: come' before the Saint.; and do homage, and of-
fer as before hath been faid; But upon Twelfth day the, Alcaldes, Maiors, Jurates ,
and other Officers of Juſtice, muſt offer after the example of the Saints,,and the three
Wiſe men of the Faſt (whom the Church of Rowe teacherh-to have been Kings) be-
cauſe they repreſent the Kings power and authority. And,all theſe.daies- they have
about the Townand in the Church a dance of Shepheards, who. at Chriſtmas Eve at
midnight begin before this Bethlehem , and then they muſt offer a ſheep amongſt them.
Other dance clothed like Angels and with wings; and all-to draw- the. people, more
to ſee ſights in the Church, then to, worſhip Godin Spirit and..in Truth., ” Candlemas
day-isno leſſe ſuperſtitioufly obſerved ; for then the picture of 244xy comes in procefiion
to the Altar, and offereth up. her Candles and Pigeons, or Turtle-Doves unto the Prickt,
and all the Town. muſt imitate her example, and. bring their Candlesto be blefſed and
hallowed ; of four or five, of as-many asthey bring, one only ſhall be reſtored back
unto them, becauſe they are blefſed , all the reit are for thePrieſt., rowhom the Tudians
reſort after to-buy them, and give more then ordinary, becauſe they are.hatlowed Can-
dles. Ar Whitſuntide they have another fight , and that isin the Church alſo, whilit
a Hymne is fung of the Holy Ghoſt, the Prieſt ſtanding before the/Altar with his face
turnedto the people, they havea deviceto let fall a Dove fromabove over his head well
drefſed with flowers, and for above halfan houx, from boles made for that purpoſe,they
drop downflowersabout the. Prieſt ſhewing the'gifts of the Holy Ghoſt-to/him, which

example the ignorant and ſimple Jndians are willing to imitate,, offering; Alſo their -

Sifts unto him. - Thus all the year are thoſe Prieſts and Fryers! deluding the poor: peo-
ple for their ends, enriching themſelves with: their. gifts, -placing Religion /in meer
Policy; and thus doth the 7adzans Religion confiſt more in fights, ſhewes and forma-
lities, then inany true ſubſtance. . 'Bur as ſweer meat muſt have ſowre ſawce x- ſo this
ſweetneſſe and pleaſing delight of ſhewes in-the Church hath its ſowre: ſawce once a
year (beſides the ſowreneſſe of poverty which followeth to them by giving ſo many gifts
unto the Prieſt)for,to ſhew that intheir Reli gion there is ſome bitterneſſeand ſov?rcnekſlſe,

they

 
 

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A New Survey of the WeſtIndies. 7 53

<———a — p— —_— - E——=
they make the 1ndians whip themlſelyes the week before Eafter like th Aiat
-which thoſe ſimples both men and women. perform with ſuch cſſruelcv 't(ſi; f :ictrſſctcſſ)ct\ſſ,\zz;
fleſh, that they butcher it, mangle and tear rheir backs, till ſome ſwound, nay ſome
(asI baye known). have died under their ownwhipping, and have ſelfe murthered them-
felves, which the Priefts regard nor, becaufe their death is- ſure to brins them at leait
three or four Crownes fora : Maſſe for their ſoules, and ocher offerings of their
friends, - . P :

Thus in Religion they are ſuperſtitiouſly led on, and blinded, in the obſeryance of
what they baye been taughr more for the good and profit of their Priefts, then for any
g0od of their ſouls, not perceiving that their Religionis a Policy to inrich their;reachers.
But not only do the Fryers and Prieſts live by them and ear the ſweat of their-browes :
but alſo.all the Spaniards, who not only with their work and ſervice (being themſelve;
many giventoidleneſſe) grow wealthy andrich ; bur with needleſſe offices, and autho-
rity are ſtill fleecing them, and taking trom them thar lirtle which they gain with much
bardnefle and feverity. -

The Preſident of Gzatemala, the Judges of thar Chancety,the Goyernours and High
Juſtices of other parts of the Countrey, that they may advance and inrich their meniall
ſeryvants, make the poor Tndians the fubjet of rheir bountifulneſſe towards fuch. Some
have offices to wiſit as often as they pleaſe their Towns, and {o ſee whatevery 1d;an bath
ſowed of Maiz, for the maintenance of.his wife and children; Ochers viſire them ro
ſee what fowles they keep for the good and ftore of the Countrey ; othershaye order
to ſee whether their houſes be decently kept and their beds orderly placed according
o their Families ; others haye power to.call chem out to mend and repair._ the high
wayes, and others have Commiſlion to number the Families and Inhabitants of tTxc
feyerall Towns, to ſee how they increaſe, that their Tribure may not decreaſe, bur flill
be raiſed. . Andall this, thoſe officers do never perform bur ſo, that for their pains
they muſt have from every 1ydiazan allowanceto bear their charges, (which indeed
arenone at.all) for aslongas they flay in the Town, they may call for whar fowles
and proviſion they pleaſe withour, paying for.it. When chey come to number rhe
Towns, they oall by lift every 7adiaz and cauſe his children, ſonnes and daughtersto
be brought before them, to ſceif they be fit ro. be.married; andifthey be of growth and
age, andbe not married, the fathers are.threatned for keeping them unmarried, and as
idle lives the Town without paying tribute ;* and according ro the number of the
ſonnes_ and daughters that are marriageable , the Fathers tribure is raiſed and in-
creaſed, untill they proyide husbands and wivesfor their ſons and daughters, who as
Joon as they are married, are charged with.tribute; which thar.it may increaſe,they
will ſuffer none aboye fifteen yeers of ageto live unmarried , Nayche ſet time ofage of
warriage appointed for the Jndiaps, is at fourteen years for the man, and thirteen
For the woman, alleadging thar they are ſooner ripefor the fruit of Wedlock,and ſooner
ripein knowledge and malice, and firength for work and ſervice, then are any 9-
4ther people. Nay ſomerimes they force.them ro marry who areſcarce twelveand thir-
teen years of age, if they find them well limbed, and ſtrong in body, explicating
A point of one of Ruwes Canons, which alloweth fourteen and fifteen years, m: 24-
titia ſuppleat etatem. When Imy ſelf lived in P3xela, thar Town:by.order of Doz 7aan
de Guzman, (agreat Gentlemanof Gaaterala,to whom.t belonged) was numbred,and
an increaſe of tributary 1ndiaps was added unto it by this means. The numbring it
lafted a full week, andinthat ſpace was commanded to joyn.in marriage neer twenty
couple, which, with thoſe thatibefore had.been marriedſince.the laſt numbring of it,
made,up-to the Encomendero or Lord of it an increaſe,ofabour fifry Families.Burt it was
 ſhamecto ſeehow young ſome were that at.that time wereforced to marriage, neither

' could all-my ftriving and.reaſoning preyail to thecontrary, nor the producing ofthe Re-
giſter Book to ſhew their age, but that ſome were married.of betyeentyelye and thir-
'teenyears'ofage, andone cſpecially who in the Regiſter book was found to be not ful-
ly oftwelve.years, whoſe knowledge and ſtrength. of body was judged to ſupplythe want.
,of age. Inthis manner even.in the moſt free a& ofthe will, .(which ought to hein
-marriage) are thoſe poor 1»gians forced and made flaves by jthe Spaniards, to ſupply
with-tribute the want of .their purſes, and the meannefſe of rheir Eftates: Yer.under.
this yoke and_burden they are cheerfull, and mueh %iſſvctqn co feaſting, ſporting and
dancing, as they .particularlyſhew in ghe chief fealts of chgir Lownes, yhich, arc kepr

npon

 

 

 

 
 

159 A New Survey of the Weli-Indies, »

 

upon that Saints day to whom their Town is d_edicactted. And cerm%nly_this ſuperſticion
hath continued alſo in Ezg/zzd from thePopiſhtimes, ro keep Fairesin many'of 'our
Towns upon Saints dayes (which istheintent of the Papiſts to draw in the people” and
Country by way of commerce and trading one with another,to honor,worſhip,and pray
fo thar Saint to.-whom the Town is dedicated) or elſe why' are our - Faires' commonz
iy kept npon Fohn Bapriſt, Fames, Prter, Matthew, Bartholomew, Holy Reod, Lady days,
and the like, and not as well a day ortwo before, or a day or two after, which would
beas good and fit dayes to buy and fell, as'the orher? Frue it is, our Reformation
alloweth not the worſhipping of Saints, yer thar ſolemn meeting of the people ro Fairs
and mirth, and ſport upon thoſe dayes it hath kept and continued, thar'{6 the' Sdints
and their dayes may beand continue ftill in our remembrance. There” is -no Town
inthe 7adia's great or ſmall (though it be but of ewenty families) which is not dedi-
cated thus unto our Lady or unto ſome Saint, andrhe remembrance of that Saint *is
continued in the mindes notonly of them thar liveinthe Town , but-6F atl that live
farand near by commercing, trading, ſporting and dancing, offering unto the Sainr,, ſſ*
and, bowing, kneeling, and praying before him. -Before- this day cometh, the |
Tadiaris of the Town two or three Monthes have their meetingsar night, and prepate
themſelves for ſuch dancesasare moſt commonly uſed among them ; and intheſe their
meetings they drinke much both of Chocolatte and Chicha. For every kind of dance
© they have ſevera[lhouſes appointed, and maſters of that dance, who teach the reffthat
they may be perfected in it againſt the Saints'day. For the moſt part 'of theſe rwo
or three months the filence ofthe nighrtis unquiered, what with their ſinging, what
with their hollowing, what with their beating upon the ſhels of fiſhes, what with their
Waits, and what with their piping. * And when the feaſt cometh , then they a& pub.
lickly, and for the ſpace of cight dayes, what privately'they had pradtiſed before. They
are that day well apparelled with filkes, fine linnen. ribbands and feathers according
ro. the dance ; which firſt they begin in the Church before the Sainr, or in the
Church yard, and from thence all the 0#ave, or eight dayes they go from houſe to
houſe dancing, where they have Chocolatre or ſome heady drink or Chicha given them.
All thoſe eight dayes the Townis' fure to be full of drunkards; and” if they *be re-
prehended for it; they will anſwer, that their heart doth rejoyce with: their Saint
1n heayen, and that they muft drink-unto him, that he may remember them. -The
chief dance uſed amongft them is called:Toncontin, which hath been danced before
the King of Spaiz, in the Court of Xadrid by Spaniards, who have lived in the Tadiz's
ro ſhew unto the King fomewhat of the 7adrans faſhions; and it was reported. tohave
pleaſed the King very much. This dancejs thus performed. The 1d;ans commonly that
danceit (ifit bea great Town) are thirty or forty, or fewer, if it be a ſmall-Town.
They are clothedin white, both their doublets, linnen drawers, and Aiates, or towels,
which on the one fide hang almoſt to the ground. Their drawers and Aiates are
wrought with ſome workes of Silke, or with birds, or bordered with fome Lace.
Ochers procure doublets and drawers and Aiates of Silke, all which are hired for that
purpoſe. On their backs they hang long' tuffes of feathers of all colours, which
with glew are faſtned into a little frame made for the purpoſe, and gulded on the out-
tide ; this frame with Ribbands rhey tie about their ſhoulders faſt that it fall nor., nor
flacken with the motion of their bodies. Upon their heads they wear! another teſſe
tuffe of Feathers cither intheir hats, orin ſome guilded or painted head-piece, or hel- (
met. Tn their handsalſo they carry a fan of feathers, and on their feet moſt will uſe G
feathers alſo bound together like ſhort wings of birds ;' ſome wear ſhooes, ſome nor.
And thus from top to toe they are almoſt covered with curious and coloured feathers.
Their Muſick and tune to this dance is only what is made with a hollow ftock of a
tree, being rounded, and well pared within, and withour, very ſmooth and ſhining.,
fome four times thicker then our viols, with two or three long clefts on the upper ;
fideand ſome holes at the end which they call Tepanabaz.On this ttock (which 'is placed n
upon a ſtool or fourm in the middle of the 1ndians) the Maiter of the dance/ beates y
with two ſticks, covered with wooll at the ends, anda pitched leather over the wooll fſi
that it fall not away. With this Inſtrument and blowes upon it (which ſounderh but ;
dull and heavy, but fomewhar loud ) he giyeth the dancers their ſeverall runes; and

 

 

changes, and fignes of the motion of their bodies either ſtraighr or bowing,and giveth 3
them warning: what and when' they are to fing. Thus they dance in compaſſe and l
; circle q

 
N COOSODE—E + AR A — —

 

—, A New'Survey of the Welt-Indies, 15'%

 

 

; circle round about thar inſtrument, one following anorher ſomerimes ftraight ſometimes
0 : - X - 4 o Eg N 2
r turning about, ſometunes'turning half way,fomerimes beading their bodies and with the
{ fearhersin their hands almoſt rouching the ground,andfingins the life 6fthat their Sainr
$ Sainr,

j or of ſomeother. All this dancing is bat aikind of walking round, which they will eons
i tinue twoor three whole hourstogerher in oneplace, and'from thence £0-and -pe'kfor-lſin
I the fameat another houle,* qo10M BmN CT INNCS

l This'Tonicontin the chief and prindipail:'only. of 'the Town doidatice it : Tr was
n the old dance which they uſed before they knew Chriſtianity, except that then.in/tead
r of ſinging the Saints lives, they did fing the praiſes of ther heatheniſh Gocſs. Thctey
lz have another kind ofdance much uſed , which isa kind of hunting out ſome wild Beait
ſ ( which formerly in time of Heatheniſme was to be facrificed to their Gods ) to be
| 'offered unto the Saint. This dance hath much variety of tunes, with a' fmall Te-
i panabaz, and many ſhels of Tortoj's, or indtead:of them with pots covered with lea-
e ther, 'on which they firike as on Tepanabaz, and with the found of pipes; in this
r dance they uſe much hollowing and noiſe and calling one_unto - another, and ſpeak-
ing by way of Stage play, ſome relating one thing,, ſome another concernins rhe
Beaſt they hunt atter.; Theſe dancers'are 'all .clorhed like Beaſts, with painted 'skins
r of Lions, Tigers, Wolves, and on their heads ſuch headpieces as may repreſent the

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

e heads of ſuch Beaſts , and other weare painred heads of Eagles or Fowles of rapine ,
t and in their hands they have painted Staves, Bils, Swords and Axes, wherewith the;
0 threaten to- kill chat Beaſtthey hunt-after. Others m/ſtead-ofhunting after a'Beaff,

hunt after a: man, as /Beaſts 1n a wildernefſe ſhould hunt a man ro kill him. This man
f that is thus'hunted afrer muſt be very: nimble and agit,”as*6ne flying forhis life,”and
þ ſtriking hereand therear the Beafts for his defence; whom ar laſt they carch and:make
a prey of. As the Toncontin conſiſts moſt of walking andturaingand-leaſurely bendirg
their bodies, ſo this dance doth wholly conſift inaction; running in a-cixcleround;fomes
t times our of icircle, and leaping and-ſtriking with thoſe tooles: and inftruments which
} they haveintheir hand.: This isa very rude ſport, andfullof ferieching/and hideons noiſe,
* wherein Inever delighted. Another” /exican darice they uſe, ſome! clothed ike-men
others'like women, whichin Heatheniſh times they.did uſe -with finging praiſes waro
E their King or Emperour;; but now they apply their ſongs unto the King of Glory:; .or
7 unto the Sacrament, uſing theſe or commonly the like words with'yery litrle difference;
; and ſome variety of praile, : ' ſſ
Salid Mexicanas, bailad Toncontin.
Canſalas galanas en cuerpo gentil.” And again,
Salid Mexicanas bailad T oncontin.

AlI Rey dela gloria tevemos aqui. Thus they gorounddancing, playing in ſome places
very well upon their Guitarres, repeating now and thenall together averſe or two, and,
calling the Mexicay Dames to come out to them with their gallant mantles to ſing
praiſe unto their King of'Glory. Beſides theſe they have, and uſe our Morris dances, and
Blackmore dances with Sonajas intheir hands, which are a round'ſet of ſmall Morris
dancing bels, wherewith they make variety of ſounds 'to their nimble feer. But the
dance which doth draw toir the peoples wondering'is aTragedy a&ted by way of dance,
as thedeath of St. Petey, orthe beheading of Foby the Bapri/t. Intheſe dances thereisan
Emperour, or a King Herod with their Queens clothed, another clothed with a long looſe
Coat who repreſents St.-Perer, or foha the” Bapriſt, who!while the reſt danceth wajketh
amongſt them with a book in his hands, as ifhe were' ſaying his prayers, all the reit of the
Dancers areapparelledlike Captains and' Souldiers with Swords, Daggers or Holbards/in
their hands. They dance at the ſound of aſmall drum and pipes, ſomerimes round, ſome=
times in length-forward, and have and uſe many ſpeeches to the Emperour or King, and
amongſt themſelyes concerning the apprehending and executing the” Saint. The 'King
and Queen ſit ſometimes down to-hear their pleading againſt the 'Saint', and: his plea-,
ding for himſelf, and ſometimes they dance with the reſt; and the end'of their
dance is to crucifie St. Peter downwards with his head upon a Crofſe, or behead 7ohn
the Baprift, having in readineſſe a painted head in a_ difh, which they preſent unrs
the King and Queen, for joy whereof they allagain dance merrilyando conclude, ta-
king down him that a&ed Perer fromthe Crofle. The Jdians thar dance rhis dance
moſt of them are ſuperſtitious for what they do, judging asif itwere indeed really acted

and performed what. only is-by way.of dance repreſented. When-T lived aſiſſiſiſſ gft
them,

 

 

 
 

 

;;6 A New Sur*vq f)f the W eſt-Indies.

 

 

 

 

them, it was an ordinary thing for him who in the dance was'to a&t St. Peter or fohs
the Baptiſt, to come firſt ro Confellion, ſaying they mnit be holy and pure-likechat
Saint whom they repreſent , and muſt prepare themſelyes to die. - So:likewiſe he
that ated Herod or Herodias,and ſome ofthe Souldiers rhatinthe dance were to ſpeak
and to accuſe the  Saints, would afterwards come to- confeſſe of that; {in,-and de-
ſire abſolution as from bloudguiltineſſe, More particular paſſages of-the 1ndians ac-
cording.to my experience of them, I ſhall:inrhe Chaprer-following-truly relate gnro
my Reader.

 

aodeoreFet: 36 X

Shewing how anid why 1 departed out of Guatemala to learn the Poconchi ſilhhguaſige
and to live amongſt the Tndians,and of ſome particular pafſages and accidents
.whileſt T lived there..- :

Aving readinthe Univerſity of Guatemala for three years ſpace a whole:courſe- of
HArts, and having begun. to read part of Divinity, the more'T ſtudied and.grew .in
knowledge,,and the more I controverted by way of Arguments ſome Truths'and/points of
Religion, the more T found the Spirit of Truthinlighrening me, and diſcoveringunto me
the lies, errors;falfities and ſuperRtitions of the Church of Rowe. My conſcience was much
perplexed and.wavering, and I defirous of ſome good and full farisfaction : which Tknew
might not be had there; andthat to profeſſe and continuein any opinion'contrary_to
the Doctrine of Rowe , would bring me to the Inquiſition, - that. Rack- of tender Con-
ſciences, and from thenee to no lefſe then burning alive, in caſes I'would not: recant of
what the true Spirit had inſpiredinto me. The point of Tranſubſtantiation, of Purgato-
ry, of the Popes power and authority, ofthe merit of mans works, of his. free:will to
chooſe all ſoul-faving wayes, the facritice ofrhe Maſſe, the hallowing the Sacrament. of
the Lords Supper unto the lay people, the Prieſts power to abſolvefrom ſin,” the wor-
ſhipping of Saints though with O#2#a, as they call it, and not with aeSde, and the
Virgin 24ary with a higher degree 'of worſhip then thar of the Saints, which they

call v@pOmcie, the ſtrange lies and blaſphemies which they call mracles, recorded in the.

Legend and lives of their Sainfs, rhe infallibility of the Pope, and councell in'defi-
ning for truth and point of Faith, whar in it ſelfe is falſe and erroneous ; theſe points
eſpecially, with many more of Rowes policies, and the lewd lives of the Priefts, Eryers,
Nuns, and thoſe in authority, did much trouble and perplex my conſcience,” which I
knew would be better fatisfied if I could returne again to- my own Countrey of
England; where Tknew many things wereheld contrary to the Church of Rowe, but
what particulars they were, Tcould not tell, not having been' brought upin the Pro-
reftant Church, and-having been ſent youns over to St. Omers. WheretoreT earneſtly ad-
dreſſed my ſelf to the Provincial; and to-the Prefident of Gzatemala, for aLicence to
come home, but neither of them would yeeld unto.it, becauſe there was a {trict or-
der of the King and Councell, that no Prieſt ſent by bis Majeſty to any of the parts
of the 1dia's to preach the Goſpell, ſhouldreturn again to Spaiz tillten years were
expired. Hereupon I ſeeing my felf a priſoner, and without hopes for the preſent
of ſeeing Englandin many years, reſolved to ſtay no more in Gzatemala, but to g0
out 'to learn ſome-7:d;ay rongue, and to preach in ſome of their Towns, where I
knew more money might be got to help me home, when the time ſhould come,then
if Tdid continue to live in the Cloiſter of Gzatemala.  Yet in the meantime TIthoughs
ir notunfit towriteto Spaiz toa friend of mine an Engliſh Fryer in Say Lucar, calied
Eryer Pablo de Londres tO defire him to obtain for me a Licenſe from the Court, and
from the Generall of the Order at Rowe, that I might return unto my Countrey:  In
this ſeaſon there wasin Guatemala, Fryer Franciſco de oran, the Prior of Coban.in the
Province of Yzya Paz, who was informing the Preſident and whole Chancery , how

neceſſary it was that fome Spariards ſhould be ayding and aſliſtinghim for the diſcovery
Q

A ONN ed IN ORr IEEn-———— Dn

 
j
"

B -x===iY —F - -
- X
W R m—
R m e- .

 

A New Survey of the Welt-Indies. 57

of a way from thar Countrey unto Zacatay, and for the ſuppreſlins of ſach bar £
pieand Heathens, as ſtopped his paſſage, and did oftenpi}z)wade%'ome InÞictzZ)aTrgſilſsnſis)egf
Chriſtians. This 2cray ( being my ſpeciall friend, and having been broughr up in Spainin
the Cloilter of Sax Pablo de Valladilid, where my felf was firit entred Fr;er ) was very de-
ſirous of my company along with him, for the berter bringing into Chriſtianity choſe
Heathens and Idolarers, relling me that'doubtleſſe in a new Countrey new treaſure and

great riches waslike ro be found, whereof no ſmall ſhare and proportion ſhould befall

Him-and me for 'our pains and adventure. I was not hard to be perſwaded , beins

above all defirons'to convert to Chriſtianity a people that had never heard of ,Chriftctf

andſo purpoſed to forfake that honour which I had in the Univerſity, for to make

Chrift known unto that Heatheniſh people. ' The Provinciall was glad,to fee this my

courage,and {o with ſome gifts and money in my purſe, ſent me with 1or44 to the Vera

Pſctlz_zſi in the company of 50. Spaniaras; who were appointed by the Preſident to aid and

aſliſt us. ; 5 .

When we came to Coban we were well refreſhed and provided for a bard,and dange-
rous. enterprize. From Cobay we marched to two great Towns of- Chriftians: called
St. Perer, and St. Fohy, where were added unto us a. hundred 71d;;zz5 for our further aC-
fiſtance. From theſe Towns two daies journey we could travail on Mules fafely among
Chriſtians and ſome ſmall villages ; bur afterthe two daies we drew :near unto the Hea.
thens Frontiers, where there was no more opga way for Mules, but we muſt truft unto
our feet. We went up and down Mountains amongtt Woods for the ſpace of two daies;
being much diſcouraged with the thickers and hardneſſe of the way , and having no
hope of finding out the Heathens. Inthe night we kept watch and guard for fear of
enemies, and reſolved yet the third day to go. forward. In the nwvuntains we found
many ſorts of fruits and.inthe bottomes ſprings and brookes with many trees of Ca-
cao and Achiotte. The third day wewent on, and came toa low valley, in-the midit
whereof ran aſhallowriver, where we. found ſome 2451pa's and plantations of Maiz.
'Theſe were a teſtimony unto usof ſome 7:4;ans notfar off, and therfore made us
keep together and bein readineſſe, if any afſault or onſet ſhould be made upon us by
the Heathens. Whileſt we thus travelled on, we ſuddenly fell upon half a dozen poor
cottages, -covered with bouz;hs and plantin leaves, and. in them . we found three
Tadian women, two. men and five young children, all naked, who fain would have
eſcaped, but they could not. We refreſhed our ſelyes intheir poor cottages and gave
them of our provifion, whichat the firſt they refuſed to eat, howling and crying and
puling, till 24oray had better incouraged and comforted them, whoſe language
they partly underftood. We clothed them and took them along with us, hoping
to make them diſcover untous ſome treaſure or ſome bigger plantation. But thar day
they were ſo ſullen that we could get nothing ourt of them. Thus we went on, follow-
ing ſome tracks which here and there we found of 7djays , till it was almoſt evening,
and then we did light upon aboye a dozen cottages more, and in them a matter of
twenty men, women, and children , from whom we took ſome bowes and arrowes;
and found there ftore of plantins, ſome fiſh; and wild Veniſon,wherewith we refreſhed
our ſelves. Theſe told us of a great Town two daies journey off, which made us be
very watchfull that night. Here I began with ſome more of our company to be. fick and
weary, fo that the next day I was not able to go any. further / whereupon we reſolved
ro ſet up our quartefs there, and to ſend out ſome ſcouts of Tndians and Spaniards
to diſcoyer the Countrey, who found further more cottages and plantations of Maiz,:
of Chile, of Turkey beans,and Cotton-wooll, but no_7a4iaxs at all, for they were all
fled. Our ſcouts returned, and gave us ſome incouragement for the pleaſantneſſe
of the Countrey ; but withall wiſhed us to be watchfull and carefull, for that certain=
ly theflight of thoſe 7-dians was @ ſigne that our coming was noiſed about the Coun-
trey. The next day we purpoſed to move forward to thar plantation which our ſcouts.
ha&ſſ diſcovered, being ( as we were informed ) fafer and more open to foreſee any.
danger ready to befall us. All theſe plantations lay along by the river, where the ſun
was exceeding hot, which.had cauſed feaversand a flux in fome of us. With much-
wearinefle and faintneſſe T got that day to our journeys end, beginning now to repent.
me of .what Iwas ingaged in and on foot, and fearing ſome ſuddain danger, by reaſon
our coming was now known by the-Jadians. The priſoners we had yith us began to.

rell us of ſome gold that they did ſometiines find in.that river,. and of a great lake yet,
P forward

—_ (,.,. D

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

ſſſſlgſſ#fl'_;flſij\( ew $ ſiuſſſſ*vey of the Weſt-Indies. |

 

forward , about which did inhabit. many chouſand Tndians ; who were very warlike,
and skilfall in their bows and arrows. ' The one iincouraged ſome, the other much
diſconraged rhe reſt , who wiſhedthemſelves out ofthoſe woods and unknown places,
and began to murmure againſt 2oran , who had been the cauſe of their ingagement in
that great danger. Our night wasfer,and T and the_reſt ofthe lick Spaniards went to reſt,
ſome upon the bare ground, bur my ſelfand othersin hamacca's, which are 'of net-work
tied at two poſts or trees, and hanging in the air, which with the leaft Rtirring' of the
body, rock one afleep as in a Cradle: Thus I took my reſt tilff{about midnight «' at
- which time our watches gave an-alarm againft our approaching enemies; who' were
thought to be about a thouſand. They came deſperately towards us, and when' they
faw they were diſcovered, and our drums beat up, and our fowling pieces and musKkers
began to: ſhoot,, they hollowed andcriedout with a hideous noiſe, which uproarand.
ſaddain affrightment , added ſweatand fear to my feaver. But Moray (who came to
confeſſe with me,,, and to prepare himſelffor death or for ſome deadly wound) com-
forted ine, wiſhing me to fear nothing, and to lie-ſtill, for thar Tcould do them no-
ood, andthatlefle was my danger then I apprehended , becauſe our Souldiers-had
compaſſed meabour, ſo thar onno ſide the Heathens could come in, and flie we could ,
not without the lofſe ofall our lives. Theskirmiſh lafted not abovean hour, and-then
our enemies beganto flie back. We took ten'ofthem, and in the morning found thirteen
dead upon theground, and of ours five only were wounded, whereofonediedthe
next day.

In tY]C morning- our Souldiers: began to:mutiny and to talke ofreturning back; fea-
ring a worſeand moreviolent onſet thatday or thenight following, for ſome- of 'the
Trdians who were taken, told themn plainly that if they went not away there would
come fix or feven thouſand againſt them. They rold us further , that they knew well
that the Spaniards hadall the Countrey aboutexcept thar little portion of theirs;which
they deſired to enjoy quietly and peaceablyz:and notro meddle withus, but rather if
we would ſee their Countrey and go through itas-friends ; they would letus without
doing usany hurt ; but if we camein a warlike manner 'to fight and toibrins theminto
ſlavery, as we had donetheir neighbours, they were all reſolved to die fighting” rather :
then to yeeld. With theſe words our Souldiers were divided; ſome with 7170raz were of |
opinion to try the 1ndians, and to go peaceably through their Countrey till they could
cometo ſome Town of 7xcatan; otherswere'of opinion. to fight.,” othersto return
back again , conſidering their weakneſfe againſt ſo 'many thoufands of Tndinnias

 

 

 

 

were in the Countrey. Burt that day nothing was agreed'upon, for that we could not ſi,
ſtir by reaſori of the fickand wounded. So we continued there that night , and-as'the !
night before much about the ſame time the enemies came again uponus,but finding us d
ready and watching for them, they ſoon fled. In the morning we reſolved to return b
back, and Mozar fent the Heathens word, that if they would ſet him go throughtheir F
Countrey quietly to diſcover ſome land of Facatan , he would aftera few monthescome 0
peaceably unto them with half a dozen 1d;ans, no more, truſting his life upon them z {
whom he knew if they wronged, all the Spariardsin the Countrey would riſe up againſt h
them, and not leave onealive. They anfwered thar they would entertain him, and any: th
few 1ndians well and willingly ; all which 22ozaz and they performed accordins to their ar
agreement the nexr yeer following. ; Fe

Thus we returned that day back the ſame way that we had come, andT began'to find ty
my ſelf better,and my feaverto leave me. We carried with us ſome of thoſe young chil-
dren which we had taken,to preſent them unto the Preſident of Guatemala. And in Coban i
the Prior 2/072y thought he might firſt do God goodſervice if he chriſtened thoſe young! l
children,faying thar rhey might become Saints, and' that afrerwards their prayers ty
might prevail with God for the converſion of their parents and of all that Countrey gh

to Chriſtianity. I could not but oppoſe this his ignorance, which ſeemed much like
unto that ofthe Fryers who entred America with Cortez, and increaſed after the con-
qqefl daily more in number , who boaſted to the Emperour, that they had ſome
of them made above thirty thoufand 7adians Chriſtians by baptizing them ; which
truely they did as ſheep are forced to the waters and driven to be wathed ; ſo were
thoſe firſt 7d;axs by thouſands ſprinkled ( or if I may uſe their word, baptized ) 'for

 

they were driven by compulfion and force to the rivers, neither were they firkt principled the
i any grounds of belief and Chriſtianity, neither themſelyes beltevers , nor children ite
of

 
 

 

of believing and faithfull parents. So would- 47:za' chriſterr theſe children; though
Itold him that they oughr not to. partake of that Sacramentand Ordinance of Chrift
-unleſſe they were grounded in articles of Chriſtianiry and believed, or were -lldrom
of believing parents. But as he had been brought up in errours, whereof that Church
of Rome is a wide and ſpatious neſt, ſo he would be obſtinare in this point againſt me
and the truth, ſpriokling with water thoſe children, and-naming them with names
of Chriſtians, After this he ſent them well apparelled to the Preſident of Guater als
who commanded them to be kept, and brought up in the Cloiſter of the Dominican
Fryers. .
I remained after this fora whiſein Cban, and in the Towns about : untill ſuch
time asthe ſhips cameto the Gulfe ; whicher I went with 24z to buyſi wines, oyle,
iron, cloth and ſuch things as the Cloiſter wanted for the preſent:  Art which time
there being a frigate ready to depart to Trzxilo (ſome occaſions drawing Aforan
thither) T rook ſhip with him. We ftaied not longabovea week inthat Port (which
is aweak one, asthe Engliſh and Hollanders taking of1t can witneſſe ) bur preſently we
thought of rerurning back to Gzatemala by land through the Countrey of Ciomayarua
commonly called Hondyras. Thisisa woody and mountainqus Countrey, very bad and
inconvenient for Travellers, and beſides very-poor ; there the commodities are Hides;
Canna fiſtula, and Zarzaparilla,and ſuch want of bread, .that about Traxi/t they make
uſe of what they call Caſſave, which isa dry root, that being eaten dry doth choak, and
therefore is ſoaked in broth,water, wine or Chocolarte, that fo,it may g6 down. Within
the Counttey , andeſpecially about the City of Comazagua (whichis a Biſhops ſeat ,
chougha ſmall place of ſome five hundred inhabitants at the moR) there is more ſtore of
Maiz by reaſon of ſome Tndians,which are gathered to Towns, few and fmall. T found this
Countrey one of the poorelt inall America. The chief place in it for health and, good
living is the valley which is called Gracias a Dizs, there are ſome rich farmes of Cattle and
Wheat; but becaule it lieth as neer to the Countrey of Guatemalaas to Comayagua, and
onthis ſide the wayes are betterthen on thar, therefore more of that Wheat is tranſpor-
ted to Gatemalaand to the Towns about it,  then ro Comayagua or Truxillo: From
Truxilloto Guatemala there are between fourſcore and a hundred leagues; which we tras
velled by land, not wanting ina barren Countrey neither guides nor provifion, for the
poor -4ians thought neither their perſonall atterdance, nor any thing that they enjoyed
00 good for us.

Thus we came again to Gzatemala; and were by the Fryers joyfully entertained, and
by the Preſident highly rewarded, and by the City called true Apoftles, becauſe we had
ventured our lives tor the diſcovery of Heathens, and opened a way for their converſi-
on, andfoundout the chief place of their refidence, and ſent before us thoſe children
to the City, who witneſſed with being in the Cloifter our pains and indevours. forar
was ſo putfed up with the Prefidents favour, and the popular applauſe, that he reſolved
inGratemala to venture again'his life, and, according to -that meſſage which he had
ſent before to the Heathen 7ndians, to enter amongit them' in a peaceable way with
half a dozen Jndians. He would fain have had me gone with kim; but I confidered
the hardneſle of the journey, which Tthought Iſhould not be able to perform on foor;
and alfo J feared that the Barbarians mighr mutiny againſt us for thoſe children which
we had brought ; and laſtlyT liked notthe Countrey, which ſfeemed poor and not for
my purpoſe, to get means ſufficient to bring me home to Eng/and, which was the;
chiefeſt thought and defire of my heart for the fatisfattion of my conſcience, which T
found ſtill unquiet. WhereforeI reſolved to forſake the company of my friend 4oran,
and to defift from new diſcoveries of Heathens, and ſuch- difficult undertakings, which
might endanger my health and life, and ar laft bring no-profit, but' only a hetle vain
Slory, fame andecredit in that Countrey. T thought I might berter imploy my time,
if I learned ſome 7:djan tongue neerer to! Gxatemala, where T confidered the riches of
the Towns, the readineſſe of the Zndians, and their willingneſſe to further their Prieſts
wants; and laſtly their ignorance in ſome points of Religion, which T thought T
might help and clear with ſome ſound doEtine, and with preaching Chriſt crucified un-
ro them, and bringing them unto that rock of eternall bliſſe and falyation. Itruſtedin
my-friends ſo much, that I knew it would not be hard for me to rake my choiſe of any
place about Gzatemala; from whence I might facilitace my retarn to England , and

A Nez—vf)urfvey of the Weſt-Indies. : ſſlſſzgſſ 1

write to Spain, and have every year ananſwer eafier then any where elſe. Iopened mzſi'L :
P z min

 

 

 

 
 

166 A New Survey of the Weſt-Indies.

mind unto the Provinciall{who was then at Guatemala) and he prefently and willngly
condeſcended to my requett, and counſelledme to learn the Poconchs language, (where-
of I hadalready got ſome groundsinthe Vara Paz) which is moſt uſed about Tare-
mala, and alſois much practiſed in Vera Paz., and in the Countrey of Sa Salvador.
He promiſed to ſend me to.the Town of Perapa, to learn there the langnage, with a
ſpeciall friend: of his named FEryer Perer Molina , who' was very old, andwanted the
helpand company of ſome younger perſon ro eaſe him in the charge thar lay upon
him, of ſo grear a Town, and many Travellers that paſſed thar way. The Provin-
ciall, as ifhe had known my mind, pitched upon my very hearts defire ; and thus 'two
weeks before Miaſummer day I departed from Guatemala to Petapa, which is fixleagues
from thence, and there ſerled my ſelf to learn that [ydian tongue. The Fryers of thoſe
parts that are any way Skilfull in the 7ndian languages, have compoſed Grammarsand Di-
Rionaries for the better furthering of others who may ſupply their placesafter their
deceaſe ; bur whileſt they live are unwilling to teach the langnages unto others,leſt their
\-holars ſhould after a good and well grounded knowledge of the rongues, ſupplant
their own Maſters\, and be means of taking from them that great profit which they -
have by living as Curates in the' 1»dian Towns. Yet this old Adolina confiderins him-
ſelf inyears, and for his good friends fake the Provinciall, was not unwilling toaccept
of my company, and. toimpartunto me what knowledge he had got by many years
practice of the Poconchi congue. He gave metherefore a ſhort abſtract of all the rudi-
ments belongingunro it, which did conſift chiefly of declining Nounes, and conjuga-
ting Verbs, (which I eaſily learnedinthe firſt fortnight thar Thad been with hims and
then a Dictionary of 1nd;an words, which was all the reſt of my ſtudy to ger without
book, uncill I wasable of my ſelf to preach unto the 7adians, which with much eaſinefſe
1 obtained by diſcourfing and conferring with them, what with my private ſtudy T
had learned.

Afcer the firſt ſix weeks 34ol;na writ down for me in the tongue a ſhort exhortation,
which he expounded to me, and wiſhed me to learn it without book, which T prea-
ched publickly upon the feaſt of St. Zames. After this he gave meanother ſhort ex-
hortation in Spani/s, to be preached the fifteenth of A»g,ff , which he made me
tranſlate into the Z-dian tongue, and he corrected in it whar he found amiſſe , where-
with I wasa little moreemboldened, and feared not to ſhew my felf in publick to the
Toydians. This praftice I continued three or four times untill Michaelmas , preaching
what with his help I had tranſlated out of Spayiſs, untill I wasable to talke with the
Tadians alone, and to make my own Sermons. -After 4;chaelmas olina being not
a litrle yain glorious of what he had done with me, in perfeQing me in an unknown
tongue in ſo ſhort a ſpace, which was very little above one quarter of the year, writ un-
tothe Provinciall acquainting him of what pains he had taken with me , and of the
good ſucceſſe of his endeyours , aſſuring him that T was now firto take a charge of
1adians upon me, and to preach alone, further deſiring him that he would beſtow up=
on me ſome 1-4ian Town and Benefice , where I might by confſtant preaching pras
Rice and further that which with ſo much facility I had learned. The Provinciall
(who hadalwayes been myfriend ) needed not ſpurs to ſtir himup to ſhew moreand
more kis loveandkindneſſe unro me z but immediately ſent me order to go unto the
two Towns of 2ixcoand Pinola, and totake charge of the 1ndians in them, and to
give quarterly an account of what I received thence unto. the Cloiſter of Guattmaln,
unto. which all that valley did appertain. All the 7ydiaz Towns and thePryers that
live in them are ſubordinate unto ſome Cloiſter ; and the Fryers are called by their
Supertours to give up for the Cloiftersuſe what monies they have ſpared,after theirowt!
and their ſervants lawfull maintenance. Which order yet in Perz is not obſerved,
for there the Fryers who are once beneficed in 14ia» Towns, depend not upon any
Cloiſter , but keep all that they gert for themſelyes, and fo receive not from their
Cloiſters any clothing, or help for their proviſion, neither give they any account to theif
Superiours, but keep, clothe and maintain themſelves, with what offerings and other
duties fall unto them from the 7adjars ; which is the cauſe rhat the Fryers of Perw are
the richeſt inall the 7zdi#s, and live nor like Fryers bur rather like Lords,and game and
Dice publickly wichour controul. Burt the Bryers of Gearemala, Cuaxacaand Mexico,
though they have- enoughand more then is well furable ro their yow and profeſſion
* of poverty, yert they enjay not the liberty ofthe Perpan Froyerein their Indinn Beneficzs z

or

 

 
 

4 -N o : : . 5
A New Survey of the W &ſt-Indies, 161 ſl/

for what isover andabove cheir expences, they give to their Superiours, and from them

they receive cvery nſi*ſio_ntha;ar of wine, ofan Arrobeand a halt, and every year a new

Þflbſſ Wl[zl ofcht'r clkl)thg. \Sct! with what T have faid I muſt nor excuſe the Frvers of

Gruatemala firom hiberty, and the enjoyment ofwealth and riches - f l
] ſporr, and ſpend, and fll their bags,j m}]d were in their accounts ſianodr ;ÞZZ:ZHZ gsaltl:)e ZEZ
p Cloiſters they might well give upina year fivehundred Crowns beſides thei F

Ley mignt well give up1na year fivehundred Crowns beſides their own expen-

] ces, they give up peradyenture three hundred, and uſurpe the reſt for themſelyes/ and
; their yain and idleules; and tradeand traffique under hand with Merchants agaiaſt theit
) - vow of poverty. 2
s With this fubordination therefore (which I have ſhewed) unto the Prior and Cloiſter
e of Gaatemala, was I ſent to preach unto the Indians of Micco and Pinola, from whence
þ - formy ſake was removed an oldFryer of almoſt fourſeore years of age and called to
x his cloiſter to reit , who was not able to performe the charse which ffa)z upon him of
f Two Towns, thres leagues diſtant one from another. The ſerled means for mainte-
t nance which Ienjoyed 1n theſe Towns, and the common offerings and duries which
" T received from the 1ydians. wasthis. In Mixco I was allowed every moneth twenty
þ Crowns, 'and 1 1z fifteen , which was pun&ually payed by the Alcaldes anf
: Regidores, Maiors and Jurates, before the end of the monerh ; for which payment
; the Town ſowed a common peece of/land with'Wheat or Maiz, and kept their book

of accounts, wherein they fer down what crops they yearly received;' what monies

they took in for the fale of their Corne, and in the ſame book T was to write down

 

 

 

 

 

| what every month T received from them ; which book at the years end they were to
t preſent to be examined by ſome officer appointed thereunto by the Court of Gaatemala.
þ Belides this monthly allowance, Thad from the Sogalities of the ſoules in Purgatory

every week in each Town two Crownes for a Maſſe; every moneth two Crowns in

Pinela upon the firit ſunday' of the moneth from the Sodalitie of the Rofary; and in

' Mixco likewiſe every moneth from'three Sodalities of the Roſary of the Virgin Mary,
; which werethere belonging unro the 7ndians, the Spaniards, and the Black-mores, two
F Crowns a peece. 'Further from two. more Sodalities belonging to the Yera Cruz, —OL.
| +the Croſle of Chriſt, every moneth two Crowns a peece. And in Mixco from a S0-
i dality of the Sp4i4rds belonging to St. Nicolas de Tolentizo, two Crowns every moneth;
, Andfrom a Sodality of St. BJas in Pizola every moneth two more Crowns; and fi-
nally in A;xco from a Sodality entituled. of - St2 Facintho every moneth yet two
Crowns ; belides ſome offerings of eirher money, fowles, or candles, upon thoſe dayes
whereon theſe Maſſes were ſung ; all which amounted to threeſcore-and nine Crowns
a moneth, which was ſurely ſerled and paid before the end of the: moneth. Beſides from
, what T have formerly faid of the Saints ſtatues which do belong unto the Churches,
| and do there conftantly bring both money , fowles, candles, and other offerings
' upon their day, unro the Prieft, the yearly reyenues which Thadin thoſe two Towns
will appear norto haye been ſmall ; for in 27;xco there were in my'time eighteen Saints
| Images,” and rwenty in P50/a ; which brought unto me upon their day four Crowns
| a peece for Maſſe and-Sermon, and proceſſion, befides fowles, Turkeys and Cacao ,
| and the offerings before the Saints, which commonly might be worth' at leaſt three
Crowns uponevery Saints day, which yearly amounted to atleaft two hundred, three-

fcore and fix Crownes. Beſides the' Sodalities of the Rofary of the Virgin ,

(which as T have before faid were four , threein 27;xco, andonein Pinola) upon five

feverall feaſts ofthe year (which are moſt obſerved by the Church of Rome ) brought

unto me four Crowns, two, for the daies Maſſe, and two for a Maſſe the day fol-

lowing, which they call the Anniverfarie for the dead , who had belonged unto thoſe

Sodalities, which. beſides thoſe daies offerings ( which ſometimes were more, ſome-

times leſſe ) and the 124ians preſents of fowlesand Cacao, made up yearly fourſcore

Crowns more. Beſides this, the two. Socalities of the Yera Craz upon two feaſts' of

the Croſſe; che one upon the fourteenth of Seprember, the other upon the third of May,

brought four Crowns a peece for the Maſſe of the day, and the Anniverfary Maſſe

following, and uyon every Friday in Lent two Crownes, which in the whole year came

to four and fourty Croynes; all which above reckoned, was as a ſurerent inthoſe two

Towns. Bur, ſhould T ſpend time to reckon up whart beſides' did accidentally fall,

would betedions. The Chriftmas offerings in both thoſe two Townes,, were worth

to mewheaZ ed rherear leaſt fourty Crowns. Thurſday and Friday offerings fbc_-j

: P 3 of6

 
ſſ 162 A New SMB(};{ _i;ſi!ſſVVcſt-Inffles,

 

 

 

 

fore Eaſter day were about.a hundred Crowns ,,all Souls day offerings .commonhy
worth fourſcore Crowns; and Candlemas day flerings commonly tourty more.

1
F

 

*Beſides what was offered upon the Beaſt of cach Town by all the Eountrey wl
came-in, .whichin 2;xco one Fear was worth unto me in Candles and money Tour-
ſcore Crowns, and in Pizola (As X reckoned it,) fifty more: _
(every onegiang aRilj) mighc make uwp in borh Townsat leaſt.a the uſ*ſimqſil{.r_z -
the Confeſions in Lent ar leafta trhouſand more, beſides other oferings of Egges,Hony,.
Cacao, Fowles , and.Fruits. Bvery Chriſtening brought two Rials, every Marri
two- Crowns,. every ones dead two: Crowns more at leaſt ; and ſome inmy time dyed,
who would leave ren-or twelxe Crowns for five or fix Maſfes ro be ſang for their
Jouls. , .
Thus arethoſe fools taught rhar/bythe Priefts ſinging their fouls are delixered from
weeping, and from-the fireand torments-of Pargarory z and thus by ſinging aJl the.year
do thoſe Eryers:charmefrom the poor /udiansand their Sodalitiesand Saints an infinites
ireaſure wherewith chey inrich chemaſelves and their Clotſters 7 as may be gathered.from
whar I bhave.noted by my owa experiencein thoſe two Towns of Adixco rand Pancla;
(which vreve far inferiour yert ro Petupa and Amatitlas in the: fame Valley, and'morto'
becomparedin offerings and other Church duries to many other Towns abour that
Eountrey) which yet yeelded unt6 -m6-with the offerings caſt into the Cheſts whictr
Goodinche Churches forthe fouls of Purgatory, and with what the: Jndins offered when
they.came 0 Tpeakunto ime (for they never viliehe Pricft with empry hands) and with
xhat ocher Maſſe ſtipends did caſually, come'in, the ſymme of ar leaſt two thouſand
Crowns of Spaziſh money , which might yearly mount to five hundred Eagiifp ponnds.
Ethoughtrhis Benefice mightbe a fitter place forme to live in,then in the Cloiſter of
GCratemals ; wearying'out my brains'with pointsof talſe grounded Divinity for 0 ger
only.che applauſe ofthe Scholars of rhe Univerſity,, and now and- then ſome- ſmall pro-
fit 5 -which Ithought Imight Jookafter aswell as thereft of my profeſſion, nay_ with
more reaſon, for that Fintended.to returnto Erland , and T knew Tſhould have little
help forſo long # journey in Jeaving there my friends, if ſo be that I made not my mony
maxybeit friend £o afliftme by Sea and Land. My firlt indevour was to certifie my
Telf fromibe Books of Keceits and Accounts in the Cloiſter of Guatemala, what Te-
ckoviagsmy Predeceſſor ayd others before bim bad given up'to the Cloitter yearly
from Ainxco and Pinola, that Tmight regulate my ſelfand my expenſes ſ0, as to be able-
zolivewith credit, and to:get chanks fromrhbe Cloiſter by giving more then any before
#*me had given. F found that four hundred Crownshad been themoſt that my old Pre-
decefſour had given yearly in his Accounts ; and.that before him ittle more was uſually
given.from-rhoſe two Towns; Whereupon E took occalion'onee'in diſcourſe with the
Prior -of Gaatemala to aske what he would willingly expe& from me yeatly whilit I
livedin choſe crwo Towne ; to which he replyed chat ifTupheld for my part the Cloiſters
aſuall and yearly Revenues, giving what my Ptedeceſſour had given, he wouldthankame,,
and -expet no morefrom me, and' thatthe reſt thar befellmem thoſe Towns, T might
{pend1ir in Books, PiQures, Chocolatte, Mules,, and Servants; to which I made re-
ply, that IchoughtT could live inthat Benefice creditably enough, and;yer give from it
more tothe Cloiſter rhenever any orher before me bad given, and that/L would forfar
my-continningthere ifT gave not to-the Cloifter every year four hundred and fifty
Crowns. The Prior thanked methearrily for it, androld me Tſhould not want far wiac,
(«iſhingmeto ſendfor it every moneth ) nor for clothing, which he would every year
once beftow-upon.me. This T thought would fave a great part of my charges,and that
1 xaswel! provided foras long as 1 liwed inthe Jaidid's.  And hereTdeſire that Exgland
may takenotice how a Fryer that hath profeſſed ro be a Mendicant, being beneficed in
America, may live with four hundred pounds a year clear , and fome with mnch more,
with moſt of hiscloathing given him beſides, and the moſt charge ofhis wine ſupplyed,
wich the abundance of Fowles, which coſt him norhing, and with ſuch plenty of Beef,
as yeeldsbim thirteen pound for three pence ? Surely well may he game, 'buy good
Mules, furuiſh his chamber with hangings, and rich pictures, and Cabinets, yea and fill
them with Spaw& Piſtols,and peeces of eight, andafcerall trade inthe Court of Madrid
for a Mitreand fat Biſhoprick , which commonly isthe end of thoſe proudworldly and
haſfie Lubbars.

  

 

 

Afrer

 
CS A - -
em m H AT

1 A NewSurveyof the Weſt-Indies— 163

 

Afer Iwas-onceſetled in theſe my two Towns, my firſtcarewas to /provide my ſelf of
agood Mule, which might 00n andealily carry me\(as often as occaſion called) trom tl.e
one Townto the other. Iſoonfound our.one, which coltme. fourſcore Crowns, which
ſerved my turn very well, to ride ſpeedilythe nine miles crofſe the' Valley, which were
betweenthe rwo. Towns. Though my chiefitudy here was to perfect my felf in the
Tadian tongue, that I:might chetberrer preach unto them,and be well underſtood ; yer T
omitted not to ſearch out the Scriprures daily, andto addit \my telf unto the Word of
God, which Iknew would profit me.morethen allchoſe riches and pleaſures of Egypt
which for a uſhfle I ſawſi! mult engoy, l my ren Years Were fully expired;and Licence kom
Rome Or Spain granted for me toreturn to_ Erg/and, which Thbegan ſpeedily ro folicite by
means of one Caprain 1ſdro de Zepeda, a Seuill Merchant and Matter of 'one of the fſhips.
which came that firlt year that Iwas ſetled in 45xcomth Merchandize for G;.ctſizſcfiz;ſſ.q/ſſctf:
By this'Caprain (who paſſed often through the Valley ) T writ unto my friends in Rn
and had antwers, though at firſt to lirtle purpole, which did nor a_little increaſe the
troubles of my conlcience, which were great,and.ſuck whereof the wiſe man faid, Awoun-
ded Conſcience who can bear 2 My friendſhip with this Caprain Zepedawas duch, thar T
broke my mind unto him,defiring him to carry mein his Ship to Spazzwhich he refuſed to
do, telling-merhe danger be might be in, if.complaintſhould be madeto the Prefident of
Guatemala, and withing me to continue whereT was, and to ftore my ſe[f withmony that
I migbt rerurnwith Licence and credit. T reſolyed therefore with Davidin the 16. Pſad.
and the $. v.toet theLord alwayes before me, and ro:chooſe himfor my only-comforr
and to relie upon his providence who Iknew only-could order things for my good an&
could from Americabring me hometothe houſe of Salyation, and to the houſhoid of
Faith; fromwhichT confidered my ſelfanexile, and far baniſhed. Inthemean time Thived
Hive fullyearsin the two Fowns of A: xcoand P:yola. Where Thad moreoccalion to.ger
wealhand mony, then everany thar lived there before me ; for the firſt yeer of my.abi-
dingthereit pleaſed God:to ſend one of the plagues of Egypr to that Countrey,which was
of Locuſts, which Thad never ſeentill then, They wereafter che mannor-of our Graihop-
pers, but ſomewhat bigger, which did flie about 1n.number ſothick and infinirethatthey
did truly cover the face of rhe Sunand hinder the.ſhining forth of the beames of thar
bright planet. Where they lighted either upon trees or {tanding Gorn, there nothing
was expeCted but ruine, deſtructionand barrenneſſe ; for the corn they devoured, the
Jeaves and fruits of rrees they eat and conſumed, and hung ſo thickupon the branches,that
with theirweight they tore them fromthe body. The high waies were fo covered with
them that they ftartled the travelling Males with their fucrering about their head and
feet ; my .eyes were often ſtruck with their wingsasIridalong, andmuch ado Thadroiſee
my way, what with a Moatero wherewich I was tainto cover my face vhat with the flight
of chem which were ſtill before my eyes.

The Farmers towards the Sourh Sea Coaſt, cryed our for that their Indigo which
was then in grafſe, was like to be earen up; from the Ingenio's of Sugar, che like
moan wasmade, thar the young and tender Sugar 'Canes would be deſtroyed; but a-
boveall grievous wes the cry of the husbandmen of the Valley where I lived, who
feared that their 'Corn would in one night be fyallowed up by that devouring Legion.
The care of the Magiſtrate was that the Towns of Jadians ſhould all go out into
the fields with Trumpets, .and what orher inſtruments theyhad to make a noiſe , and
ſo toaffright them from rhoſe places which were moſt confiderableand profitableto
the Common-wealth ; and ftrangeit wasto ſee how the Joud noiſe of the Tndeans and
ſounding of the Trumpets , defended ſome fields from the fear and danger of them.
Where they lighted inthe Mountains and High wayes , there they lefr behind therm
their young ones, which were found creeping upon the ground ready to threaten
with a ſecond years plaguesif not prevented; wherefore all the Towns were cailed
with Spades, Macrocks and Shovels to dig long Trenches and-therein tq bury all che
young Ones. .

Thus with much trouble to the poor Jodians, and their great pains ( yet afrer
much hurt and lofſe in many places ) was thac fiying Peſtilence chaſed away_out of the
Countrey to the South Sea, where it was thought 0 be conſumed by the Ocean, and
t0 have found a grave in the waters , whilft the young ones found it 4in the Land.
Yert they were not all fo buried, but that ſhortly ſome appeared, which not be-

ing ſo many in number as before were with the. formes diligence foon overco_;_,ne-
: : buUt

 

 
 

A New Snrvey of the Weſt-Indies  |

But whilft all this feare was, theſe onrtcries' were made by the Countrey and
this diligence performed þby the 72d;ans, the Prieſts got well by it; for every
where Proceilions were' made., and Mafſes ſung for the averring of that Plague.
Jn Mixco moſt of the idols were carryed to the field, efpecially the -pictures
of our Tady, and that of* St. N:colas Tolentine, in whoſe name the Church of
Reme doth uſe to bleſſe lictle Breads and Wafers with the Saint ftamped upon them-
which they thinkare able to defend them trom Apues, Plague, Peſtilence, Contagion,
or any other great and imminent danger. There was ſcarce any Spaniſp Husbandman
who in this occaſion came not from the Valley to the Town of 37;xco with his offering
to this Saint,, and who made not a.vow to havea Maſſe ſuns unto Saint Nichelas ; they
all brought breadsto be blefſed , and carryed them back to rheir Farmes, ſome caſting

them 1mto their Corn, ſome burying them in rheir -hedges and fences, firongly

— 4

 

 

 

truſtins in Saint Nzce/as, that his bread would have: power to keep the Locuſt out of l
their fields ; and fo atthe lalt rhoſe fimple, ignorant and blinded ſonles, when they 7
faw the Locuſis departed and their Cora fafe; cried our-coour Lady ſome, orhersto y
Saint Nicolas, Milagro, a Miracle, judging the Saint worthy of praiſe more then God,, - 7

 

and performing to: him their yows of Maſſes, which in their fear and trouble they
had yowed, by which erroneous and Tdolatrous devorion of theirs Fgot thar year ma-
ny more Crowns then what before F have numbred-from the Sodalities. The nexr *(
year following, allthat” Countrey was generally infeted with a kind of contagious ;
{ickneſle, almoſt asinfectiousas the Plague, which they call Tabardillo, and& was a Fea- ,
ver in the very inward parts and bowels, which ſearce continued to the feventh day, ct
bur commonly rook them away fronm: the world to a grave the third or fifth day. z
The filthy fmell and ftench which camefromthem , which, lay fick of this diſcaſe, was 9
enough to infet the reſt of thehouſe, andalf that came to' feethem; Tt rotted their \
yery mouths and tongues, 'and made them as black as a coal before they died. Very (
few Spaniards were infected with this Contagion ; but the 7adians generally were ra- \
ken withit. It was reported rohave begun about 2exico, and to have ſpread from }
Fown to Town, tillit came to Gzatemala, and went on forwards ; andſo likewiſe did
the Locuſts the year before, marching asir were from Aexico over all the' Conntrey. 1
Eviſited many that died of this infection , uſing no other Antidote againft it , fave only |
a handkercheif dipped in Vineger toſmellunto , and Ithanke God I eſcaped where
many died.' In Mzxco Thuried ninety young and old, andin Pinslaabovean hundred;
and for all theſe that were-eight year old, or upwards, I rcceived two Crowns for a
Maſſe for their ſouls delivery out of Purgatory. See good Reader, wherherthe con- ſi
ceit of Purgatory have not been a main policy of Rze-to enrich the Prieft and Clergy, \
with Maſle ſtipends from ſuchas die, makingthem beleeve thar nothing elſe can helpe t
their ſouls if once plunged into that conceited fire ; Where thou maiſt ſee that one con- |
<
1

 

tagious fiekneſſe in two ſmall Towns of Þpd5ans brought unto*mein leffe then half a
year near a hundred younds for Madſes, for almoſt rwo hundred that died. © Nay ſuch
15 the greedy eovetoulneſſe of thoſe Prieſts , that they will receive three or four Maſſe
Rtipends for oneday, making the'people believe thar the' ſame Maſſe may be offered up
for many, and do one ſoul as much good as another. ' Thus with the Plagne of Lo-
cuſts, and the contagion of ſickneſſe, for the firſt two years together had I an occaſion
ro enrich my ſelf, asdid other Priefts my neighbours. Eur think not that becanſe ſo r
many died therefore the Towns growing lefſe my offerings for the future wece lefſen- l
ec. The Encomendero's or Lords of the two' Towns took-care for thar , who, thar
they mighr not loſe any part : of that Tribute which was formerly paid unro them ,
preſently after the fickneſſe was/ ceaſed, cauſed themto be numbred , and (as Thavein
the Chapter before obſerved ) forced ro marriage all that were twelye years and up-
wards ofage ; which alſo was a new ſtreame of Crowns flowing into my bags; for |
fromevery couple that were married T hadalſo two Crowns  beſides other offerings , f
andin both the Towns, I married on that occaſion above fourſcore Couple.' Truly ſ
by all this, Tthank the' Lord, Twas more ſtrengrhened in my conceit againſt the Church
: of Rowe , and not with that greedineſſe of that Lucre intiſed to continue in it,chough
7 found the preferments there farre greater then any might be inthe Church of Exg-
lazd , whereI knew nothing was- to he got- with ſinging , or hudling over a Maſſe ;
Bur yet though for the' preſent my profit was sreat., my eyes were open to ſee the
*L0urs-whereby that profit came: {6 plentifully to me., and to all that crew of Idola- 5j
trous

 
—————————  — — ——  — —
A New Survey of the Weſt-Indies, 165

 

 

trous Prieſts. The judgements ceafed not hereinthar Countrey in my time: bur after
this contagion there was fach anInundation ofrain thatrche husbandmen feared agaſſin
the loſſe of all their Corn. Ar noon time the darke clonds fora monechtopether be=
ganto thicken and cover the face of the Heayens, powring down fuch ſto'rm'? ſhowres
as ſwept away much Corn, and many poor Cortages of Tndrans; befides the rain
the fiery thunderbolts breaking through the clouds threatned' a dolefull judigcme'nſſ:
ro the Countrey. In the valley of 27;xco two" riding together. were ftricken dead
from their Mules, the Chappel of our.Lady of Cxrmel in the fame valley was burnt
rothe ground, and likewiſe rwo houſes at the river of Yacas. ITn Perapa another flath
of lightning , or thunderbolr fell into the Church upon the high Altar, crackins the
wals in many places, running from Altar to Altar , defacing all the gold, and lea-
vinga printand famp whereit had 'gone withour any more hurt. - In the Cloifter of
the Franciſcans in Gratemala, aFryer fleeping upon his bed after dinner, was fricken
dead, his body being leftall black as ifit had been burnt with fire , and yet no figne
of any wound about him. Many accidents happened that year which was 1632. all
abour the Countrey: But my ſelf wasby the fafe.prote&tion of the Almighty won=
derfully faved ; for being on 4 Saturday at night'in” 13xco trembling and fearins, and
yet truſtingin my God, and prayingunro him in my chamber, '6ne flaſh of li.cth?ning
or thunderbolr fell cloſe to the Church wall to'which mychamber Joyned, and kilſed rwo
Calves, which were tiedto a poſtin a yard, to* be{laughteredthe'nexr 'motning. The
lightning was ſo neer and terrible that ir ſeemed to have fired all ny houſe, andfruek me
downunto the gfound, whete I lay as dead for a greatwhile ; when Icame again to' my
ſelf.Theard many 7-45ans about my houſe, who were come to ſee if eitherit or theCharch
yere ſer on fire.. This Rtormy ſeafon brought me alſo much profir; for ( as formerly )
the Spaniards bf the valley and the Tydians berook themfelves to their” Idol Saints
earrying theim about in proceſlion, /which was not done without money, which
theyhcall their altites ento their Saints, that they may the berter be heard and intreated
by them. :

7 The Surnmer followins there was more theri the ordinaty-earthquakes , which
were ſo great that year in the Kingdome of Per, that a whole City called 774.xillo
was ſwallowed up by the earth which opened it felfe, and almoſt'all the people were.
loſt, whilſt they wereat Church worſhippingand praying unts theif Sainrs. The hurt
they did about Gratermala was not ſo much as in other places, only ſome few mud
wals wete ſhaken down, and ſothe Churches cracked; which made the people fear,
and betake themſelves again'to their Saints; and empty rheir purſes before them for
Maſſesand procefſions, lelt the danger ſhould prove as grear , -as was that of the great
earthquake which happened before my eoming into' rhat Countrey, Theſe eafthquakes
when they begin are more often then long, for they laft but for a while, Rirring'the
earth with three motionis, firſt on the one fide, then on the other, and with the third
motion they ſeem ro {er it rightagain. If they ſhould contirine , chey would Joubt-
lefſe hurle down to the ground any Reeple or Building though never ſo great 'and
ſtrong. Yer at this time ih 2fixro ſome were ſo violent , that they madethe ficeple
bend ſo much that they made che bels ſound. I'was ſo uſed unto them that many times
it my bed I would not ſtir for them. Yet this'Fxrthey brought me to ſucha fear,
that bad not the Lord been a preſent refuge to me 1n time of trouble, Thadutrerly been
undone. For being 0ne morning in my clamber ſtudying, ſo great and ſuddain was
ah carthquake, that it made me run from my tableto a window, fearing that before T
could get down the ftairs, the whole houſe might fall upon my head,, the window
was in a thick wall vaulted upwards likean'arch (which the Spaziards hold to be the
ſafeſt place if a houſe ſhould fall ) where T expe&ed nothing but death z as ſoon as L
got underit, the carthquake cealed, thouph ttiy heart ceaſed not to quake with the
ſuddain affrighrment. Whilſt I was muling and thinking what to do, wherher I
ſhould run down to the yard, or continue whereTwas, there camea ſecond ſhaking
worſe then the firft. I thought with my ſelf if the houſe ſhould fall, the Arch would
riot ſave my life, and rhar T ſhould either be Rifled or thrown- out of the window ,
which was not very low and neertints the ground, but ſomewhat high, wide, open,
having no glafſe caſements but woodden-ſhurs, { ſuch as there are uſed% andif T lcapecf
out of the window, T might chance to break a leg,” of 2 limbe, yet ſave my life. The
fuddainneſſe of the aRtoniſhment rook from nie the beſt and moſt marure deliberation

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

165 A New Survey of the W?ſt-lndies,

 

in ſuch a caſe;and in the midſt of theſe my troubled and perplexed thoughts a third motion
cameas violent as the former, wherewith I had now ſet one foot in the window to leap
down, had not the ſame Lord (co whom David faidin the 46. P/al. v. 2. Therefore will
not we fear, though the carth be moved) by his wonderfull providence ſpoken! both to
meand to the moving earth, faying asin the 10. verſ. Be till and know that. I am God;
for certainly had it gone 0n toa fourth motion,T had by caſting down my {elf broke either
my neck, or a legge, or ſome other joynt. Thus wasI twice fayed by my good God in
AMixco,andin Pindlalwas once noleſſe in danger inloſinga legge by meansofa ſmaller
inſtrument then isa flea.

This Town of Pizo/ainthe Tndian language is called Paxcac 3 Pan, figrifieth in, or
amongſt, Cac, ſignifieth three things; for it fignifieth the fire, -or a_fruit other-
wiſe called g-zava ; or thirdly, a ſmall yermine., commonly'called by the Spaniards,
Nigna; which is common over all the 7zdia's, but more in ſome placesthenin others.
Where there are many Hogs, there.is uſually much of this fort of vermine. The
Spamards report that many of the Souldiers of Sir .Francis Drake died of them, when
they, landed about Nowbre de Dios., and marched up the high Mountains of St. Pablo
towards Panama , Who feeling their, feer to itch, and not knowing the cauſe thereof,
ſcratched them ſo much, rill they feſtred , and at laſt, (if this reporrt be true) coſt them
their lives. Some fay, they; breed in all places, high and low, upon Tables, Beds, and
upon the ground; . butexperience ſheweth the contrary, that they only breed upon
the ground, for where the houſes are ſluttiſh, and nor often ſwept , there commonly
they are moſt felt ; and in that chey uſually ger into the Feet and Shooes, and ſeldome
into the hands or any other part of the body, argues that they. breed upon the ground.
They arelefle- then the leaſt flea , and can ſcarce be perceived, and when they. enter
into the Foot, they make it burnand itch ; and if then they be looked to, they ap-
peare black, and.no bigger then the point of a pin, and with a pin may caſily be taken
out whole; but if_ part of them be. left,, the ſmalleſt part will do_ as much harm
as the whole , andwill get into the fleſh. When once they are got in, they breed a
lictle bagge inthe fleſh, andin it.a.great many Nits, which increaſe bigger and bigger to
the bigneſle ofa great Pca.; then they begin again to make the foot itch, which if it be
ſcratcged, falleth to. feſtering, and ſo indangereth the whole foot. - Some hold it beſt
to take them out- when they cauſe the firſt icching and are getting inz but this is hard
to do,, becauſe they can, hardly then be perceived, and they are apt to bebroken.
Therefore others commonly let them alone, untill they be gotinto the fleſh;and have
bred a bag with nits, which like a bliſter ſheweth it ſelf through the skinne, and then
with the point of a pin, they diground about the bag, till they can with the pins poinr
take it out whole, ifit be broken, it comes to breed again; if it be taken out whole,
then they put ina little Eare wax, or aſhes were the bag lay, and with thar the hole is
healed up again inaday or two. The way to ayoid: this vermines entring into the
foot ,isto lay both ſhooes and ſtockings, or whatſoever other clothing upon ſome tool
or chair high from the ground,and not to go bare-foot ; which yer is wonderfull in the
T»diansthemſelves, that though they commonly do_go bare-foor, yet they are ſeldome
troubled with them, whichis attributed to/the hardneſſe of their 5kin; for certainly
were they as tender footed and skinned as are thoſe that wear both ſhooes and ſtockins,
they would be as much troubled with them as theſe are. Pancac or Pinola,is much ſubje&
to this Vermin, or Nzg#a, and I found it by wofull experience, for at my firſt coming
thither nor knowing well the quality ofit, Iſet one breed ſo long in my foot, and conti-
nued ſcratchingit, untill my foot came to be ſo feſtered, that Lwas fain to lie two whole
monthsina Chirurgions hand, andar laſt through Gods great mercy and goodnefſle to
me Iloſtnot a Limbe.  But that the Providence of God may be known to me che worſt of
all. his Creatures, living in*ſo far a Countrey from- all my friends, and from me may be
related unto future Generations, before I conclude this Chaprer , I ſhall further ſhew
both my dangers and deliverances. Though true it is, moſt of the 7-dians are bnt for-
mally Chriſtians , and only outwardly appear ſuch , but ſecretly are given to witchcraft
and idolatry, yet as they were under my charge, Ithought- by preaching Chriſt unto
them, and by cheriſhing them, and defending them from the cruelty of the Spantards,
I might better work upon them to bring them to more knowledge of ſome truths , at
leaſt concerning God and Chriſt. Therefore 4sI found them truely loving, kind and
bountifull unto me ; ſo.I indevoured in all occafions to ſhew them love by commiſe-

rating

 

 

 

 

 

 
A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies, 167

rating their ſufferings, and takingtheir pare againſt any Spayiardsthat wronged them,and
keeping conſtantly in my-Chamber fuch drugs '(as hot Waters, Anniſced and wine Aand
the like ) -which Tknew might moſt pleaſe them, when: they came to ſee me, and moſt
comfort them, when they were ſick or ' grieved. This my loveand pity towards them
had almoſtin: Pi9/a coſt me my life ; For an- T-d5an of that Town ſerving a Spaniard
named Franciſco de Hontenegro ( who liveda mile anda half from thence) was once ſo
pitifully beaten and- wounded'by his Mafter , for that he rold'him 'he would com-
plain tro me that he payed himi not hiswages, that he was brought home to the Town

and had Inot out of my charity calledfora Chirurgion from Peraps to cure him he
had certainly dyed. I'could not bur complain for che poor 1ndiaz unto the Preſicent
of Guatemala, who reſpe&ing my complaint; ſent for my* Spaziard to. the City, im-
priſoned him, and kept him cloſe untill the 174ian was recovreed,, and fo with a Fine
ſent/him back again. In a Sermon further T preſſed this home unto the neighboring
Spariards,warning them of the wrongs and abuſes which they offered unto the poor 7z-
dians, which I told them Twould put up no more then any injury doneunto my felf, for
that'I looked upon them as Neophytes and new plants of Chriftianity,” who werenot
ro be diſcouraged, but by all means ofloye encouraged to come to Chriſt;withall com-
! manded all the 744iazs that had any wrong doneunto them, to come unto'me , aſ-
' ſuring them that Iwould make fuch a complaint for them as ſhould be heard, as ,thcy
might perceive had lately done to ſome purpoſe. © This Sermon ſtuck ſoin 7Monteregro
| his ſtomach, that ( as I was informed )  he made an Oath,' thar he would procuremy
death. Though it was told me; yer I could hardly belieye it, judgingit to be more
a bravery anda vain boaſting of a Spaziard, then any thing elfe; Yer by the advice'of
ſome friends I was counſelled to look to my felf,” which yer I flighred , untill one
day the boyesand 1ndians that ſervedin my houſe came runnins to my chamber door

wiſhing me to look to myſelfe, and not to come our, for that ontenegro was come
0 intomy Yard with a'naked fword to kill me. 1 charged' them from within to call
d the: Officers of the Town to aid and ailift me; but in the'mean while my furious
0 Spaniard perceiving himſelf diſcovered{ left the Town.” With this'T thought-of ſecu-

 

N

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

; ring/ myſelf better , and called for a' Blackmore Mguel /Dalyaa very Kontand luſty
k fellow, who lived from/me half a mile, to be about me unfill I could'diſcovermore
l of Montenezroes deſignes and malicious intents. The next Sabbath'day in the morning

being to rideto the Town of 25xco, I carried my Blackmore,and half a dozen 6f 7ndi-
f ansin my company,and going through a little wood inthe midft of the Valley, there T
| found my enemy waiting for me, who ſeeing the train Ibrought, durſt do nothing, *bur
| gave me ſpitefull languages, telling me he hoped that he ſhould find me alone ſome time
- ©* orher: With thisT thought fit ro delay no longer my ſecond complaint to. the Prefi-
5 dent againſt him, who as before heard me willingly, and after a months impriſonment
baniſhed Xonreregrothirty leagues from the Valley. And not only from Spaniards was
| Tin danger for the 1ndians fake whilftT lived in thoſe Towns ; but alfo from ſome 1ndians
: themſelves, (who were falſein Religion) T did undergoe great perils , and yer was ftill
f delivered. :
| In Pjnolathere were ſome, who were much-given to witcheraft , and by the power of
the Devill did a& firange things. ' Amongft the reſt there was one old woman named
Marthade Carrille, who had been by ſome of the Town formerly accuſed for bewitching
many;but the $pa1/þ Juſtices quitted her, finding' no fure evidence againſt her / with this
ſhe grew worſe and worſe, and did much harme.When I was there,two or three died, wi-
thering away,declaring at their death that this Carrillo had killed them,and thar.rhey faw
her often about theirſſeds,threatning them with a frowning andangry look. The 1ndi-
uns for fear of her durſt not complain againſt her, nor meddle with her whereupon I
ſent word unto Don Jwan de GuzmantheLord of that Town, that if he tooknot order
with her, ſhe would deſtroy his Town. He hearing ofir, got for me a Commiſſion from
the Biſhop and another officer of the Inquiſition to make diligent and private inquiry
after her life and ations; which Tdid, and foundamong the 1nd;ars many and grievous
complaints againſt her, moſt of the Town affirming that certainly ſhe was a notorious
witch, and that before her former accuſation ſhe was wont whitherſoever ſhe went about
the Town to go witha Duck following her, which when ſhe came to the Church ,
would ſtay at the door till ſhe came out again, andthen would return home with her,
which Duck they imagined was her b@ved Devill, and familiar Spirit, for that cgez
A

 
 

168 A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies,

had often ſet dogsat her and they would not meddle with her, but rather run away
from her. This Duck neyer appeared mote with her, ſince ſhe was formerly.accuſed be- ik
fore the Juſtice, which was thought to be her policy, that ſhe might be no moxe ſuſpected l
thereby. This old woman was a widow, and of the pooreſt of the Town in outward d
ſhew, and yet ſhe alwayes haſt ftore of mony, which none could tell which way ſhe might | }
come by it. Whilſt Iwas thus taking privy information againſt her (it being the time of j
Lent, when all the Town cameto, Confeſſion)ſheamong the reſt came to the Church
to confeſſe her ſins, and brought me the beſt preſent and offering of all the Town,, for In
whereas a Riall is common ſhe brought me four , and beſides a Turkey, egs, fiſh and v
alittle bottle of hony. She thought thereby ro get with me a better opinion then T t
had of her fromthe whole Town I accepred of her grear offering,, and- heard her l
Confeſſion, which was of nothing but trifles, which could ſcarce be Jjudged finfull D
a&tions. Texamined her very cloſe of what was the common judgement of all the w
Tadians, and eſpecially of thoſe who dying had declared to my {elf at their death that hy
ſhe had bewitched them, and before their fickneſſe had threatned them; and in their N
ſicknes appeared threatning them with death about their beds,none but they themſclyes 0
ſeeing her. To which ſhe replyed weeping, that ſhe waswronged. I asked her, how ſhe þ
being a poor widow without any fons to help. her, without any means" of lively- (

 

 

hood had fo much mony , as to giveme more then the richeſt of the- Town, how ſhe
came by that fiſh, Turkey, and hony, having none of this of her own about her
houſe? co which ſhe replyed, that God loved her and gave her all theſe things,and
thar with her mony ſhe had bought thereſt. I asked her ofwhom? ſheanſfivered thar
out of the Town ſhe had them.. I perſwaded her much to repentance, and to. for- 4
fAke the Devill and all fellowſhip with him; but her words and anfivers were of 2
Saintly and holy woman ; and ſhe earneftly defired me to give her the Communion ,
with thereſt that were to receive the next day.. Which Ltold her I durſt not do, uſing D
Chriſts words, Give not the childrens bread unto dogs, nor caft your” pearlsunto ſwine z
and that it would bea great ſcandall to give the Communion unto her » Who was. ſn-
Tpefted generally, and had been accuſed for a witch. This ſhe took very il), relling me that hi
ſhe had many years received the Communion, and now in her old age it grieved: her b
to be deprived ofit ; her tears, were many,. yet Icould not be moved with them, but h
reſolutely denied her the-Communion, and, 1o diſmiſſed her. Ar noon when T. had {
done my work inthe Church, I bad my ſervants 0 to gather up the offerings, and h
gave order to have the fiſh dreſſed for my dinner which ſhe had brought ;- but no ſooner .
was it carried into the Kitchen, when the Cook looking on it found it full of mag-
Sots, and ſtinking, ſo that F was forced to hurl it away. With that E began to. ſul-
pect myold witch, and went to look on her hony, and powring it out into-a diſh,
found it full of wormes, her egs Icould not know from others , fhere- 'being-near a
bundred offered that day ; but after as I uſed them, wefound ſomerotten,; ſome with
dead chickens within ; the next morning the Turkey was found dead; as for her four

 

Rials, Tcould not perceive whether ſhe had bewitched them out of my pocket, for that z

Thad put them with many other, which that day had been given me,yet as far as I could %
1 called to memory who and what had been given me, andin my judgement and recko-

ning I verily thought that I miſſed four Rials. At night. when my ſervants the. 1ndians ;F
vere gone to bed, I fat up late in my chamber betaking my ſelf to my. books and A
ftady, for I wasthe next morning to. make an exhortation to thoſe that received the Ue
Communion, Afer I had ſtudyed a while, it being between ten and eleven of the Wt

clock, on a ſuddain the: chiefdoorin the hall (whereina lower room was my cham- K
bee, and the ſervants, and three other doors) flew open, and Theard' one come in, ft
and fora while walke about ; then was another door opened which went into a lic- ul
tle room, where my faddles. were laid ; with this Ithought it might be the Black-more 0,
Aiguet Datva, who would often come late to my houſe to lodge there, efpecially ſince Ty
my tear of 2/ontenegro, and I conjetured that he was laying up his ſaddle, Icalled un- Ue
to him by his name rwo. or three times from within my chamber, but no- anfiver was l
made ; but ſuddenly another door that went out toa Garden flew alſo open,wherewith Uk
I began withinto fear, my joynts trembled, my hair ſtood up, T would have called tt
out tothe ſeryants, and my voice was as it wee ſtopped*with the ſudden affright- A
ment, I began to think of the witch, and put my truſt in God againſt her, and en- a}
couraged my ſelf and voice, calling out to the fervants, and knocking with a cane az

 

 
 

 

 

P - :
) A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies. 169
Le ſhy door within that they might hear me, for I durſt nor open it and £0 olt. /Warh
d the noife which I made the ſervants awaked and came-outto my chamber door ; then
"n I openedit, and asked them ifthey.had not heard ſome body 1n the hall, and all the

doores opened.  They ſaid they were afleep, and heard nothing, only. one boy ſaid
he heard all, and related unto me the-fame chat Ihad heard. T took my candle theh
in my hand and went ont into the hall with them to view the doors, and Tfound them
all ſhut, as the ſervants faid they had lefr them. ThenT perceived thar the Witch would
have affrighted me , but had no/power to. do me any harm ; I 'made two of the -ſer-
vantslie in my chamber; and went to bed.  Inthe morning early I ſent for my Fiſeal
the Clerk ofthe Church , and told-him whar had happened that night ; he ſmiled
upon me, androld mejt was the widow Carilo, who had often playedſuch tricks inthe
Town, with thoſe that had. offended her, and therefore he had the night before. come
F” unto me from her deſiring meto give herthe Communion, leſt ſhe ſhoutd do me ſome
hurr, which Tdenied unto him, as Thad done'to her ſelf.  The Clerk bad me be of good
cheer, for he knew ſhe had no power over me to.do me any hurt.- After the Communi-
on that day ſome of the chief 1:4;ans came unto me, and teld. me that old Carilo had
boaſted that ſhe would play. me ſome. trick or other, becauſe I wouldinot give her the
Communion.  ButT to. rid the Town-of ſuch a limbe of Satan , fent! her to Guates.
-1ala, with, all the evidences and witneſſes which I had found againſt her unto_the
F Preſident and Biſhop, who commanded. her to be put in priſon, where ſhe died within
two moneths. : L hagno2t 2 103

Many more 1-dians there were inthat Town, who were' faid in my time to do very
ftrange things. One called ?ohi Gonzaltz was reported to change himſelfinto the ſhape
ofaLyon.andin that ſhape was one-day ſhot in the noſe by. a -poor harmeleſſe Spamard
l who chiefly-gothis living by going about the woods and Mountains,and ſhooting at wild -
Deerand other beaſts to make money of them. He-eſpied one day a Lyon, and having
k no other aime, at him but his ſnout behinda-ree,he ſhotat -him ; the Lyon run away ;
- the ſame day this Goxnzatez was taken fick, I was ſent for to hear his Confeſſion, I faw
ſ ? his face and noſe all bruiſed;;and asked him how it came;, he told me then that he had fallen
ſ fromatreeand almoſtkilled himſelf; yerafterwards he accuſed the poor Spaniard for
** ſhooting ar him ; the buſineſſe was examined by a Spaiſp Jultice, my eyidence was taken
1'* for what Gonzalex. told me of his fall from azree, the Spaniard was put to his oath; who
ſrare that he ſhot ata Lyon ina thick wood, where, an/ 1ndian could ſearce be tliought
to have any bulineſſe , .the tree was foynd out inthe Wood; whereat the ſhot had been
made and was. itill marked with theſhor and bullet.; which Gonzalez confeſſed was to be
the place; and wasexainined how he neither fell nor was ſeen by.the Spaniard, when: he
came to ſeek. for the Lyon, thinking herhad killed him ;_to, which he anfwered that-he
ran away leſt.the Spaniard ſhould kill, him. indeed. - But his anſivers ſeeming frivo=
lous, .the Spaniards integrity being known, and the.great ſuſpicion that: was in.the
Town of Gonzalex his dealing with the Devill, cleared the Spaniard from what was laid
againſthim. .-' /, - - z £ 9i1139 90 Z
: But this wasnothing to what-after happened to one Fohn Gomex; the chiefeſt 1ydian
of that Town of neer; fourſcore- years! of age, the Head andRuler of the-principalleſt;
Tribeamong the 7245ans,-whoſe adviſe and counſell was! taken and preferred b;fore all
thereſt, who ſeemed ro be.a very godly- 1odian, and very: ſetdome mifſed morning)and
eyeningprayers in. the Church; and had beftowed great: riches there. » This: Indian very
ſuddenly,wastaken, fiek(Ebeing thenin-my other Town: of 24;xco )' the 24ayordomor,
or ſtewards of the-Sdality of the Virgin tearing that he might- die: without Confeſli-,
on and they. be chid for their negligence, at midnight called me up at 245xco,defiring me
to.g0 preſently and- help. 7oh#. Gomez to die, whom alfo they faid defired much to ſee
meand.ro recerve ſomecomfort. from me. I judging ita:work of charity ,ſſalthough
the time,ofthe night were .unſeafonable, and the great rain at-the preſent might ;have
Ropped my;chariry, yet Lwould not. be hindred by either of them, andſo-ſet. torth ro
ride nine mules both.in-the dark and.,wet. When I came to Pizo/a being 'thorow wet to
the skin, T went immediately to the houſe of old ſick-Gomez,, wholay with bis face all
muftled up, thanked me;for my pains and care T. had for his ſoul; he deſired to confeſſe,
and by his confeflion and weeping evidenced nothing but a godly life, and a willing
deſire todie and to be with, Chriſt.- I comforted him and. prepared himfor death , and,

beforeTdeparred, asked him how he felt himſelf; he anſwered that his fickneſſe Mtshſſxlr?g

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

170 A New Survey of the Weſt-Indies.

 

 

 

 

 

 

nothing but old age, and weakneſſe. With this I'went to- my houſe, changed my ſelf
and lay down a while to reſt, when ſuddenly F was called up again to give Gomexz the:
extremeunRtion, which the: Zzdiazs (as they thaye. been ignorantly taught ) will not
omit to receive before they die.. ” As Lanointed him'inhis noſe; his lips , hiseyes, his
bands and his feet,, T perceived that he was fwelled, and' black.and blew ;, but made no-
thing ofir,, judging it to proceed from the ſickneſſeof his body :: Iwent again home

being now break of the day.,. when after Thad taken a ſmall-nap, ſome Tndians came--

to my door for to- buy. candles to offer- up for 7ohy Gomez his ſoul, whom they
cold: me was departed ,. andwas that day to'be buried very folemnly at Maſſe. Taroſe
with drouſie eyes after ſo unquiet. a nights reſt;and walked to the Church , where F
faw the grave- was. preparing.” Þ met with two or three Spaxiardswho livedneer the
Town and were come to Maſſe that morning,” who wentin with me to niy chainber,,
and with them Tfell into diſcourſe abourt Foby Gomez.,, telling-them what comfort L
had receivedat his/ death , whomT judged tohave lived very holily, and doubted not
of bis falvation ,. and that the Town would much want him ,. for that he was their
chief guide.,. and leader ,. ruling chem with good adviſe and\ counſell. "At this the
Spaniards fmiled oneat another', and told meT was much deceived by all the 1ndiaps ,
bur. eſpecially by the deceaſed Gomes, ,. if I'judged him to have beena Saint,, and holy
man:/- F told them thar they as enemies to'the poor 77dians judged fiill: uncharitably
of them; but that Twho know very welltheir-conſciences, could judge better of them
then they. One then replyed, that it ſeemedTlittle knew thetruth of Foh»Gomez his
death by the Confetlion whichhe had made-unto mie; and thatT ſeemed to- be \ignorant
of the flir which was in the 'Town concerning”his-death. This ſeemed ſo Rrangeunto-
me, that I defired them to informe me of thetturh.. Then they told me-that the re=
port went, that fohuGomez' was-the.chief wizard'of all thewizards-and witches in the;

Town, and that commonly he'was-wont: tobe changed intothe ſhape ofa Lyon,and. .

{o towalke about the mountains.- That he'was 'ever a' deadly /enemy to-one Sebaſtian
Lopes an/ ancient”7ydiay, and head of another Tribe ;. and' that-both of them two
daies before had met in: the-+mountain , Gomes in the-ſhape-of aTyon ,. and "Zopez'in:
the ſhapeof a Tigre, and thatthey fought"moſt: cruelly , till'Gomez (who 'was the
older and weaker ) was tired; much bir-and bruiſed;: and died of it. And further that
T might beaſfuredof this truth;+they rold tne-that Lopez was in priſon for 1t,” and the
two. Tribes ftriving about it;and-that the Tribeand kindred*of Gomes demanded from
Zopezand his Tribeand kindred*farisfaRtion, anda'great ſum ofmony,.or elſe'did*threa=-
tentomake the caſe known unto the Spayizſh powerandauthority, which yet they were
unwilling to-do if they-could agree and. ſmother it'up- among  themſelves; that they
might not bringaraſperſion'upen' their whole' Town, This ſeemed very ſtrange un-
to me.; andTcould not reſolve what to beleeve;, and thought-F would'tiever more
believe-an Tdian;; if 1 found" Fibhn Gomez. to* have: ſo- much difſembled and *deceived
me.-'F took my - leave of the' Spaniards andwent my ſelf to rhe priſon, whereI found
Lopez with fetters. I called one of the officersof the Town ,. who' was Alguaiif Maior,
and my' great friend,, unto-my-houſe, and privately' examined him why "Lopez was
kept fo cloſeptifoner ;/he was-foth-ro tell me” fearing*the reſt' of the 1nd1ans;and ho-
ping the buſineſſe would be takenup, andagreedbyhe two Tribes, and not noiſed about
the-Countrey,which-at that Veryinſtant the: two Alcaldes and Regidores, Maiors and
Jurates, with'the chief 'of both. Tribes-were: fitting' about- in *the Town-houſe all
that morning..-' But I ſeeing the 'officer ſo- timorous, wasmore-defirousto know ſome-
thing, and prefſed moreupon him for the truh, givinghim an inkling of what'F had
heard from the Spayiards before:> To: whichhe anfivered' that if they could'agree a-
mongſt themſelves, they feared noill report fronrthe” Spanands againit their Town; F
rold him Lmuſt know what they were agreeing/upon amongKt themſelves 16 eloſely in
the Town-houſe:*He told me; if T would'promiſe-him to faynothing of hinv ( for
he feared thewhole Town'if they. ſhould 'know he had revealed/any thing unto me )
he wouldteltme therruth. With this Tcomforted-him,and gave hima cup of Wine, and
encouraged him, warranting hinvthat no-harm ſhould eomeunto him for what. he told
me. Then herelated the buſineſſe unto/meas the Spaniards had done, and told'methat
he thought the Tribes amongſt themſelves would not agree, for that ſome of Gomes,
his friends hated Topez and alþſuchas were ſo- familiar with the Devill, and'cared not
if Gomez his diſſembling life were laid open to the' world; but others'he faid , who

were

Mn A AB D CL
TIY N

 

 
 

A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies.
f were as bad as Lopez. , and Gomez, would havye it kept cloſe leſt the
Witches and Wizaprds of the Town ſhould be diſcoverectz. This ftruck ſſ?e ta(])ſſdtlznvgſiſſ;
beart, tothink thar Tſhould liveamongſt ſuch people, whom Ifaw were ſpending all
; they could ger by their workand labour upon the Church, Saints, andin offerinss, and
m yer were ſo privie.to the counſels of Satan;; it grieved me thar'the Word Ip?e:;ched
unto them, didno more good, and I refolved trom that time forward'to ſpend moſt
of my indevours againft Satans ſubrility, and to ſhew. them more:then Thad done . the
great danger of their ſouls'who had made any compact with the Devill , that Tmighr
make them abandon and abjure his works , and cloſe with Chriſt by,Faith. I 2Jiſ-
7 miſſed the 7-dian, and went to the Church,, roſeeifthe people were'cometo Maſle :
I found there no body but only two: who were making Gomez his Grave. T went
back to my Chamber , troubled much within my elf, whether I ſhould allow him a
n Chriſtian Buriall, who had-lived' and' died fo wickedly ,-asT had been informed: Yer
IthoughtT was not bound-ro. believe one 1:4iaz againft him, nor the Spaiards, whom
I ſuppoſed ſpoke but by hearſay. Whileſt Iwas thus muſing, rhere came unto meat leaſt
twenty of the chiefeſt ofthe Town with the two Maiors, Jurates, and all the Officers of
Juftice, who deſired me ro forbear rhat-day the burying' of 7hz Gomez:, for that
ſſ they had refolved to calla:Crown Officer to-view: his Corſips and examine” his- death
' left they all ſhould be troubled for him, - and be again unburyed: 1 made' as if i
! knew nothing, but inquired of them the reaſon; then they related all unto me; and rold
: me how there were witneſſes inthe Town who fawa Lyonand a Tyger fighting, and
: preſently loſt the ſight of the beaſts ,- and ſaw:Fohy Gomez, and Sebaſtian Lipez', much
_ about the ſame. place parting one from another ; andthat iminediately 7ohz Gomez came
P home bruiſed to his bed, from whence he never roſe more,” and that hedeclared npon
b his death-bed unto ſome of his friends that Sebaſf{san Lopez had killed him - whereupon
( they had him inſafe cuſtody. Further they. told methat chough they had never known
ſo much wickedneſſe of theſe two chief heads of their Town. whom they! had- much re-
ſpected and followed, yet now upon this. occalion, from theone Tribe and! the other
0 1 they were certainly informedthat both of chem did conſtantly deal with'the Devill,
l which would bea great aſperſion upon their Fown, but they for their-patts abjured
f all ſuch wicked wayes, andprayed me not to conceive theworſe of all for a fewyz whom
i they were reſolvetto. perſecute, and ſuffer not to live amongft' thern. - told them T
! much liked their good zeal, and incouraged them. as good Chriſtians to- indevour the
rooting out of Satan from their Town , and they did very well in giving notice to
Guatemala,to the Spaniſh power, of this accident, and thar if they had concealed it, they
. might all have been puniſhed as guilty of Gowez, his death,and Agents with Satan,and his
ſſ' inftruments. Taffured them Thad'no ill conceipt of them, but rather judged well of them
for whar they were agreed to do. - The Crown Officer was fent for who came that night
e and ſearched Gomez his body ; Lwas preſent with him,, and found it all bruiſed,fcratched
{ and iri many places bitten and ſore wounded. Many evidences and ſufpicions were brought
i in againſt Lopez by the 1ndians of the Town, eſpeciall by Gomez. his friends, whereupon
he was carryedaway to Guatemala, and there again was tryed by the ſame witneſles,
and not much denying the fa& himſelf, was there hanged. AndGowez, though his grave
was openedin the Church, he was not buried in it, but in another made ready for him in
a Ditch. ;

In 2£xco Ifound alſo ſome 7adians no lefſe difſemblers then'was this Gomez , and
thoſe of the chiefeſt and richeſt of the Town, who were four Brothers: called Fxentes,
and halfa ſcore more. Theſe were outwardly' yery fair tongued , liberall, and free
handed to the Church , much deyored to the' Saints, great feaſters upon their day ,
and yet in ſecret great Idolaters. Burt it pleaſed God ro make me his-inſtrument, to
diſcover and bring to light the ſecrecy of their hidden works of darknefſe,whichit ſeems
the privacy ofa thick Wood and Mountain had miny years hid from the eyes of the
World. 'Some of theſe being one day in the company of other betrer Chriſtians drink=
ing hard of their Chicha, boaſted of their God, fayingthat he had preached unto them
better then Icould preach ; nay that he had-plainly. rold them thar; they ſhould not.
believe any thingthatT preached of Chriſt,- but follow the old wayes of their Forefa-
thers, who worſhipped their Gods aright, but now by the example of the Spaniards
they were deluded, and brought to worſhip a falſe God. The other Chriſtians hear-

ing of this began to wonder,” and to enquire of them where that God was; and witlh
: : Q-z mhacki

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

A New Survey of the Welſt-Indies.
much ado, promiſing to follow their ways, and their God, got out ofthem the place and
Mountain where they might find him. Though this in drunkennefle were agreedupon,yet
in ſoberneſſe the good Chriſtians thought better of what they had agreed upon, ſhghred
what before indrinking they heard, and yet it was not kept by them {o cloſe, bur thar ic
cameto theearsof a Spaniardin the Valley;; who finding himſelf touched in conſcience ,
came to £xcoto me,and told me what he had heard,that ſome 7ndians of rthat town fol-
lowed anTdol, and boaſted that he had preachedunto them againſt my Dofrine;and for
the wayes of the former Heathens. Trhanked God for that he was pleaſed ro undermine
the ſecret works of Satan daily ; and defired the Spaniard to rell me by whom he came to
know of this. He told me the 7-4;ans name from whom he had it, and that he was afraid
to diſcover the 1ndiansand to tell me ofit. T ſent for the 7adian beforethe Spaniard,
who confeſſed unto me that he had heard of ſuch a thing ; but knew that ifhe did
diſcover the 1-dians, they with the power of the Devill would do him much harm ;
I told him, if hewerea true Chriſtian , he onght to fight againſt the Devill, and not to
fear him, who could do him no harmif God were with him, and he cloſed by Faith
with Chriſt, and that the diſcovery. of that Idoll might be a means for the conver-

 

true God of the Chriſtians. Further I rold him plainly, thar if he did not tell me
who the 1d4ians were, and where their Idol was, that I would have him to Gzaremala,
and there make him diſcover what he knew. Here the 7:dia began to _tremble, and
rold me the Fxentes had boaſted of ſuchan Tdol, whom they called their God, and gave
ſome ſignes of a Fountainand of a Pine Tree at the mouth of a Cave in ſuch a Moun-
tain. T. asked him ; if he knew the place, or what kind of Idol it was; he told me,
that he had often been in that Mountain., where he had ſeen two or three ſprings of

if they ſhould be there, they might kill me rather then be diſcovered. I anſwered
him thatT would carry with me ſuch a Guard as ſhouldbe able to defend me againſt
them, and my Faithin the true living God, would ſecure me againſt that falſe God. I
reſolved therefore with the Spaxiara to go to ſearch our the cave thenext day, audto
carry with me three or four Spaniards and my Blackmore 25guel Dalva, and that
Tadian. I told him Iwould not ſuffer him t9 go home to his houſe thar day , for
fear he ſhould diſcover in.the Town my defign and purpoſe, and ſo we might be
prevented by the Idolaters, who certainly that night would take away their Idol. The
Tadian fiill refuſed, till Tthreatned him to ſend for the Officers of Juſtice, .and to ſe-
cure his perſon ; with this he yeelded, and that he might have no diſcourſe with any
body in the Town , nor with the Servants of my houſe, I defired the Spamiard to take
him home to his houſe,, and to keep him there cloſe that day and night , promiſing
to be with him the next morning. TI charged the Spariardallo with ſecrefie, and fo
diſmiſſed himwith the 7:4;az. That day I rid to P;zo/a for the Blackmore ignel
Dalva, and brought him to X£;xco with me, not relling him what my intent was ;
I went alſo to four neighbouring Spaniards, deſiring them to beina readineſſe the nexr
morning to goa little way with me for the ſervice of God, and to meet meat fuch
a neighbours houſe, and that if they would bring their fowling peeces, we might
chance to find ſome ſport where we went, andas for proviſion of Wineand Meat, E
would provide ſufficiently. They promiſed to go with me, thinking that although
I told them, it was for the feryice of God , my purpoſe only was to: hunt after ſome
wild Deer in the Mountains. T was glad they conftrued my action that way, and fo
went home, and provided that night a good Gammon of Bacon, and ſonie Fowles roſted,
eold, and others boiled, well peppered and falted for the next dayes work. Where Thad
appointed my 7-diaz to be kept, I met with the reſt of my company, and from thence
we went together to the place of the Idolaters worſhipping , which was ſome ſix miles
from 24;xco towards the Town of St. fohn Sacatepeques. When we came into the
Wood we preſently met with a deep Barranca, or bottome, where was a running,
which encouraged us to make there diligent ſearch, but nothing could be found ; from
thence we aſcended up out of the Barranca, and foundafter much time ſpent a ſpring
of water ,, and ſooked carefully abour it; bur could find no Cave. Thus in vain we
fearchet till the Evening, and fearing leſt we might loſe our way and our ſelves, if
the night overtook us, my friends began to ſpeak-ofreturning homewards. Bucj con-
fidering

 

ting of the Idolaters, when they ſhall ſee the ſmall power oftheir falſe God againſt the -

water, but never wasinany Cave. Iasked him ifhe would go with me, and helpe me
to findit out;, he refuſed ftill fearing theIdolaters, and wiſhed me not to go, for fear -

 
 

A New Surveyof the Weſt-Indies, THY |

dering thatas yet we had not gone over one halfe part of the Wood; andto go home
and come again might make us to be noted, and ſpoken of, we thoughr.it .our beſt
way to take upour lodging that night in the Wood, and inthat bottome which we firſt
fearched , where was good warer tor to drink Chocolatte, and warm lying under the
trees, and ſo inthe morning to make our ſecond ſearch. The Company was-very
willirg to yeeldunto it, andthe calme night favoured our good intentions. We made
a fire for our .Chocolatte, and ſupped exceeding well of our cold mear, and ſpent moſt
part of the night in merry diſcourſe; having a watchfull eye over our 1ndiay, leſt he
{ould give usthe ſlip, and committing him to the charge of Miguel Datva. Inthe
morning we prayedunto God, beſeeching him to guide us that day in the work we
went about,, and to diſcoyer unto- us the Cave of darkneſſe and inqquity; wherelay
hid that inftrument of Satan, thar ſo by his diſcovery glory might be given unto our
true God, and ſhame and puniſhment brought upon his enenijes. We entred a-
Sain into the thick Wood up a ſteepy hill, and having throughly ſearched all the
South fide ofit, wewent on to.the North ſide, where we found another deep de-
ſcent , which we beganto walke down looking on eyery ſide, and not in vain i for
almoſt half a mile from the top we found ſome marks of a way that had been uſed and
trodden , which we followed untill we came to another ſpring of water ; we ſearched
narrowly about it, and found ſome peeces of broken earthen diſhes and pors, and one
peece of achafing diſh, ſuch as 'the Z»dians uſe'to burn Frankincenſe in, in the Churches
before their Saints; we verily imagined that theſe were peeces of ſome ſuchinſtruments
wherewith theTdolaters performed their duty unto their Idol, and we were the more
comforted for that we knew thar earthen ware had been made in A;xco; the pine
Tree which immediately we diſcovered. confirmed our hopes. When we came unto
it we made very little more ſearch, for neer at hand was the Cave, which was dark with-
in, but light at the mouth, where we found more earthen ware , with aſhes in them,
which aſlured us of ſome Frankincenſe that had been burned. We knew not how
far the Caye might reach within, nor what might bein it, and therefore with a flint
we ſtruck fireand lighted a couple of candles and went in; at the entring it was
broad; and went alittle forward, but when we werein; we found it turn on the left
hand toiwarcs the mountain, and not far; for within two rods we found the Idol
ftanding upona low ſtooll covered with a linnen cloth. The ſubſtance of it was wood,
black ſhining like Jet, asifithad been painted or ſmoaked, the forme was of a mans
head-unto the ſhoulders, without either Beard or Muſtachoes ; his look was grim
with a wrinkled forchead; and broad Rartling eyes. We feared not his frowning look ,
but. preſently ſeized upon him.; and as we lifted himup we found under him ſome fin-
gle Rials, which his Fayorites had offeredunto him; which made us ſearch more di-
higently the Cave; andit was not amiſſe, for we. found upon the ground more ſingle
Rials, ſome plantines and other fruits, wax candles half burned, pots of Maiz, one
lictle one of Hony, little diſhes wherein Frankincenſe had been burned,whereby Iper-
ceived the Idolaters and Chriſtians both agreed in their offerings; and had I not been
informed that they called this Idol their God, Lcould haye Blaried them no more then
the reſt ofthe Towns who worſhip , kneel before and offer ſuch offerings unto-their
Saints made of Wood, -and ſome no handſomer thenwas this Tdol, which T thought,;
mighr' have: been ſome beafts ſhape ; but being the ſhape and form of a man, they
might haye named him by the name of ſome Saint, and ſo ſome way have excuſed them-
ſelxes, which they could not do, nor would theydoit, in that they perſiſted in this
error,that he was their God, and had ſpoken and preached unto them, and being afrer-
wards asked by me, wherher it were the picure of any Saint, ſuch as were in 24;xco,
and other Churches, they anſwered, No, but that he was above all the Saints in the
Countrey. - ISt
- - We were very joyfull to ſee that we had not ſpent our time in yain ; we cut
down boughes of trees, and filled che Cave with rhem and ſtopped the mouth of itup,
and came away, making the 1:4jazthat went withus carry the Idol on his back wrap-
pedup inacloth, that it might not be ſeen or perceiyedas we went. I thought it-fir
ro delay the time till nighr, and thentoenterinto 4;xco, that the Jndians might ſee
nothing. $o I ſtayed ar one of the Spariards houſes, titlit were late, and,defired him
ro warn from me all the Spaxiards thereabouts to be,at 24ixco Church the nexr Sab-

barh, ( ſearing left the Idolaters might be many, and riſe up againft me ) thar I had
Q.3 ſome< :

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

T7% —A New Surve) of the W eft-Indies.

ſomewhatto fay unto them and their Blackmores concerning their Sodalities, for T (

would not have them know of rhe Idol, till they heard of it and faw.it in the Church, "
feſt it ſhould come to the 1-dians hearing , and ſo the Idolaters might abſent them- hſ
ſelves. Ar night I took my T»dian,and Miguel Dalva with me, and went home, and 1

ſhurting up the Idol in a cheſt rill the nexr Sabbath,. T diſmiſſed rhe 7:dias, charging
him'to fay nothing , for he knew if he did whar  harme might come unto him from
the Idolaters, and Iknew few words now would. ſuffice ,. for that he feared himſelf ie
if it ſhould: be known that he had' been with me, 1 kept AMignet Datoa with me, ”
who was defirousto ſee the endof the buſineſſe, and preparedmy ſelf againſt the nexz
Sabbath to preachupon the 3..2. of the 20. of Exodas, Thou ſhalt have none other Goas be-
fore me, though it were a Text nothing belonging to the' Goſpel of the day, from whence
commonly'in the Church of Rowe the Texts and ſubjects of Sermons are deducted
bur T judged that Text moſt ſeaſonable for the preſent occafion, On the Sabbath day
in the morning , whenthe Palpit was made ready by him who hadcare of the Church:
and Altars, Icauſed Migmel-Datva to carry under his Cloak the Idol, and to leave it
in the Pulpit-upon the ground thar it might not be ſeen, tillſuch time as Tſhould think fir
in my Sermonto produceit; and to warchabout the Church till the Congregation came
in, that nonemight ſee it or takeit away.. Never was therea greater reſort ftrom abroa& 0
to that Churchthenthat day of Spaniards and Blackmores,,who by the warning T ſent 6t
unto them 'expe&ted ſome great matter from me,and ofthe Townvery few were abſenr,
the Fentes and allthe reft thatwere ſuſpe&ed to be thar Tdols favorites (little thinking

 

 

 

that/their God was brought from his Cave, andnow lay hidiinthe Palpit to ſhame them} w
camealſo thatday ro Church. Fcommanded 24:7%el Datvato be himſelfneer the Palpit d
at Sermontime, and fo watrne 'thoſe Spaninrds that knew the bulineſſe, and ſome more t
Blackmores hisfriendsto'bealfo'neer the Pulpit ſtaires. ti

Thus Maſſe being ended,. T went up'to preach ;; when T rehearſed 'the words of "
my Text, I'perceived both Spaniardsand' Indians began to look one \upon another, l
as not being \uſed'to Sermons 'out'of rhe Old Teftament.. T went on laying open this te
command of God,for having no other Gods'beforehim,'ſothatthe Docrine might ſeem: kn
to convince all that were there preſent, as well Saint-worſhippers, as indeed that Idols: ihe
worſhippers, if the.cauſe'of my preachingupon'that Subje& had nor diverced their eyes IN
from themſelves to behold their ownguiltineſſe of Tdolatry, and tolook only upon thoſe th
who worſhippeda peece of Wood for God,.and not, asthey did, for a Saint ( which yet l
in my judgement was muchalike.) After Thad ſpoken what 1 thought fit concerning c
'that horriblefin, and ſhewed that no creature could have- 'the power of God ( who &e
was the Creator- of all things) neither could:do good or harme without thetrue living the
Gods Commiſſion,eſpecially inanimate Creatures as ſtocks, and ſtones, who by thehands t!
and workmanſhip of man might haveeyes, andyet were dead Tdols, and-ſee-not, mighr 6
have ears and not hear, might have mouths, and not ſpeak, might have hands, and - Inc
not'work,, nor help'or defend with them ſuch-as worſhipped rhem,.and bowed down thi
unto them. ſſ 6

Thus having half finiſhed my Sermon, T bowed my ſelf dowh in the Pulpit, and G&
lified up'the'black, grim, andtaring Devill,, and placedthat Dagon on one fide of the <
Pulpit, withmy eyes fixed upon ſome of the Frextes and others, who Tperceived chan- tol
ged-their colour, bluſhed, andwere ſore troubled looking, one upon anorher, T de- "
fired the Congregation to behold what a God was worſhipped by ſome of them, and Dot
allto take'notice' of him ,/if any knew what part of the' earth was the' Dominion of M
this God, or from whence he' came. I told rhem that ſome had boaſted thar vn
this peece of Wood had ſpoken , and preached againſt what T had raughr of Chritt , by

and that therefore he was worſhipped bythemfor God, and they had offered mony ,
hony, and of the fruits of the earth unto him, and burnt Frankincenſe before him in a
ſecret andhidden Cave under the earth,ſhewing thereby that they were aſhamed to own
him publickly, and that he lurking inthe darknefſe of the earth ,, ſhewed certainly
thar he belonged to the Prince of darknefſe. T challenged him there in publick to
ſpeak for himſelf, or elſe by filence ro ſhame and confoundall his worſhippers. I ſhew- k
ed them how being but wood, he had been madeand faſhioned by the hands of man, :

 

and therefore was buta dead Tdol. T ſpent a-greatdeal of time arguing with him, and h
defying Satanwho had uſed-him as his inſtrument, daring the Devill himſelf ro take w
kim from that placewhichThad confined him to if he could; to ſhew what lictle pow;r izoſſr-

e ;

 
 

A New Survey of the Weſt-Indies. * 1
he or Satan had againſt the power of my faith in Chriſt. Afrer muc ing FN
ſon_mgaccordmg to the ſhallow capacity of the 7aians preſent Ihcſi:)rl%u:ſik]z%n?ſii? trlſi;a;
their God had power to deliver him from thar execution, whichThad incended againſt
him( which was there publickly to have him cut in pieces and burnt ) they ſhould not
believe the Goſpell of Jeſus Chriſt ; but if they faw no power at all in him againit
me the weakeſt inftrument of the true living God, thenT beſeeched them to be co%vcr-
ced untothat true God who createdall things, and to embrace falvation by- his Son
the only Mediatour and Saviour Jeſus Chriſt, and to renounce and abjure from that
rimeall Heatheniſh Jdolatry of their forefathers, aſſuring them for what was paſt I
would intercede for them, and ſecure them from what puniſhment might be inflicted
upon them by the Prefident and Biſhop, andifthey would come to me; T would ſpend
my beſt indeyours for the helping and furthering of them in the \Lay of Chriſtia-
nity.
And thus concluding without naming any perſon, T went down it,
and cauſed the Idol to be brought aftexZg me? Znd ſending for an az{eſi?uatnc(i)ffg:-e tI;;:(l)p:(t)F
three great pans of coals, I commanded him ro be hewen in very ſmall peeces, andto
be-caftin chq fire and-burned before all the people in the midit of the Church,. The
Spaniards ccried out joyfully Yi#or Vittor, and others repeated, Gloria 4 noſtro Dios,
Glory to our God : the Idolaters held their peace and ſpake not then a word. But af.
xerwards they acted moſt ſpightfully againfſt me, and. conſpired day and night to. ger
me at ſomeadvantage,and to kill me. T writ to the Preſident of Guatemala informing
him of whatThaddone; and to _the Biſhop (as an Inquifitor to whom ſuch caſes
of Tdolatry did belongs) to be informed from him of what courſeI ſhould take with
the mdiazswho were butin part yert diſcoveredunto me; and thoſe only by the rela-
rion of one 1a4ian. Fromborh Ireceived great thanks for my pains in ſearching the
mountain , and finding-ont the Idol, and for my zeal in burning of it. And as touch-
ing the 71d;ar Idolaters their counſell unto mewas, that I ſhould further enquire af-
rer the'reftand diſcover as many as I could.; and indevour to cenyert them to the
knowledge of the true God by fair and fweet means, ſhewing pity unto them for
their great blindneſſe, and promiſing them upon their repentancepardon from the In-
quiſition, which confidering them to be but new plants -uſeth not ſuch rigour with
them , which it uſeth with Spariards if they fall into fuch horrible fins. This adviſe
I followed, andſent privarelyfor the Faentes tomy chamber, and told them how mer-
cifu}l the Inquiſition wasunto them, expecting their converſionand amendment. They.
ſeemed:ſomwhatftubborne and angryfor that Ihad burned. that God, whom nor only
they, but many others-in the Town, and alſo in the Town of Saint fohn» Sacatepe-

ues did worſhip. I uſed reaſons to perſwade them no honour was dueunfo it,as to Fi

od. Butone of them boldly replyed, that they knew that it was a peece of wood

" and of itfelf could notſpeak, bur ſeeing it had ſpoken ( as they wereall witneſles)

this wasa miracle whereby 'they ought to be.guided , and chey did verily beleeve thar
Godmwas iinthat peece ofwood, which fincethe ſpeech madeby itwas more then or-
dinary wood, having God himſelf inir, and therefore deſerved more offerings and a-
doration then thoſe Saints in the Church, who did never ſpeak junto the people. I
rold them thatthe Devillrather had framed rhar ſpeech (if any they had heard ) for,
ro deceive their-ſouls and lead them to-hell ; which rhey might eaſily perceive from the
NoRrine which Iwasinformed he had preached againſt Chriſt the only begorten ſon
of God, whomthe Father lovethand in whom heis well pleaſed, and againit whom,
he certainly would not ſpeak in that 1dol. Another anfwered boldly, our forefathers
never knew what Chriſt was, untill the Spaniards came unto that Countrey , but they
knew therewere Gods, and did worſhip them,and did facrifice,untothem z and for ought
they knewthis God of theirs belonged in old times unto theif forefathers. Whythen,
Aaid Tunco them, he was a weak God who by my hands hath been burnede I per-
ceivedthatar thattime there was no reaſoning with.them, for they were ſtubborn and
captious, and ſo Idiſmiſſedthem. Hadnot God moſt gracioully prote&ed meagainſt
theſe my enemies, Thad certainly been murthered by them ; for 4 moneth after the
burning of the Idol, when 1 thought all had ;been forgotten, and that the Idolaters
were quiet, then they began..toa&their ſpightand malice,which firſt I diſcoyered by a
noiſe which onceat-midnight Theard of -people about my houſe, and at my chamber

door ; to whom T called ont from my -bed not daring to open.,” but could bzv? ng.
A MWEE

  

7_5ſſ'_ſi_ſſ_ſſf

 

*

     
  

 

 

 
 

176 A New Surve) of the Eſt-lndies.

anſwer from them. I perceived they would have comein by force; for rhey puſhed hard
at the. door. Whereupon Irook ſuddainly the ſheets from off my bed, rying them
with aſtrong knot together, and with another to a bar of the window , making my
ſelf ready to tall down by them to the ground, and ſo to flie in the dark night, if they
had uſed violence to comein. The ſheets being thus prepared , and they {tillat the
door thruſting without any. word from them, 1 rhoughr by calling and crying out
aloud I might affright themaway. Wherefore with a ſhrill voiceI called firſtro my ſer+
yants, who were bur boyes, and lay at the further end of a long gallery, thenI cryed
out to the neighbouring houſes to comeand afliſt me againſt theeyes. The ſervants had
heard the noiſe and were awake,' who preſently at my call came out ; and with their
coming my enemies ran down the ſtaires, and were heard no more that night. But I
perceiving which way their ſpight and malice was bent , thought fit ro'be no more a+
lone in the night, with boyes only in ſo great a houſe as was that of 2Z;xco; where-
upon the next day I ſent for my truſty friend Mignel Dalva who was able to fight a-
lone withany half'dozen of 1adians , wiſhing him to bring wich him what weapons
he could ger for my defence. L kept him with me a fortnight ; and the next Sabbath
I gave warning in the Church, that whoſoever came inthe night to my houſe to af-
fright me, or to do me any other miſchief ſhould look to himſetf, for that T had
weapons both offenſive and defenſive. Though for a whileT heard no more ofthem,
yet they defiſted not altogether from their evill and malicious intents; for knowing
that igzel Dalva did not lie in the chamber with me, a fortnight after (T-being
tillabout midnight with my candle ſtudying) they came up the ſtaires ſo ſoftly thar I

 

 

 

 

 

 

heard them-not ; bur the Black-more being awake it ſeemes perceived that they were 1n
comins up, and ſoftly aroſeup from a long table were he lay upon a Mat, and took nel
in his hand a couple of brick-bats of many which lay under the table-for a work for
which I had in hand, and as he opened the door madea little noiſe, which was ro them fun
an item to flie down the ftaires, and to run (as they thought ) for their lives. | The of(
Blackmore did alſo run after them, and finding they had got roo much advantage of nhe
him, and not knowing which way they might take, ſent after them with a fury his W
two brick-bats, wherewith he ſuppoſed he did hit one of rhem, for the' next day walk- "
ing about the Town'he met with'one -of the Fxentes having a.cap on his head, and he ſſ.ctſſ:ſſ
inquired of ſome 1rdians what he ailed, andhe underſtood by them that his head was Ihe
broke, but how they knew not. They perceiving that I was thus guarded by 445- as

giel Dalva, deſiſted from thar time from coming any more in the nighr unto.my
houſe, but yer deſiſted not from their ſpight and malice and from acting miſchief a-
gainſt me. For a month after when I thought that all had been forgotten, and they
ſeemed outwardly to be kind and curteous, there came a meſſenger to me from the 0l-
deſt of them, riamed Pablo de Farntes, to tell me that he was very lick, and like to die,and
defired meto goto comfort andinſtru@ himinthe truth, for thar he truly, defired to
be converted. Iconceived very great joy at this newes,and doubred nor of the truth and
certainty of it , and prayed to God to dire& mein the converſion of that ſoul; and
ſo with hafte and good zeal, I went unto his houſe, where. ſoon my joy and comfort
was turnedinto bitterneſſe ; for when I came to' the door of his houſe, and was with
one ſtepentred, T found allthe brothers of Pablo Fuentes, and ſome otherswho were
ſuſpeted to be Idolaters,fitting round the room ; and miſfling Pablo, I withdrew my foot
a little, andasked them where he was; miſtruſting ſomewhat to ſee them there all gathe-
red together ; but when Tperceivedrhat they ftood not up, nor anſwered'me a word,
nor ſo muchas took off their hats to me; then I began to fear indeed, and to ſuſpect
ſome treachery; and ſo I turned back reſolving to go home again. - Bur no ſooner
was 1 turned, but behold' Pab/o Faentes (who by his meſſage had feigned both fickneſſe
and converſion) came from behind his houſe with a cudgell in his hand, lifring it up
to firike at ine. Had I not catched hold of his ſtick with both my hands, and pre-
vented the intended blow, certainly he had ftruck me down. But whilit he andIwere
firiving for' the ſtick who ſhowld be mafter of it ; the reſt of the Indians who were ſit-
ting in thehoufſe, carne out into the .yard ( which being a publick place was more com-
fore.to me then if they had compaſſed me ahour within the houſe) and beſet me round,
ſome pulling me-one way , fome another; tearingmy clothes in two or three places,
another to make melet go my hand from the flick with a knife run me into the hand
- (whichtothis day a ſmall ſcar doch witneſſe) and certainly had we not been in a p;}b}:
ick

 
 

 

A New Sur-v@ſſiſſ - tbe Weſt-Indies, 177

f

D

like yard, that party would alſo have run his knife inro my fides; anot ing
would not let go the ſtick, rook' hold of it with Pablo anzcſſi bochſicogetlfſieſſi-r tfrellll:iſiſſif
againſt my mouth, and with ſuch frengrh rhar they broke ſome of my teeth; and fil-
led my mouth with goar bloud , with which blow I fell, bur ſoon recovered my ſelf
andaroſe, they laughingar me, bur not daring ro do me any more harme for fear
they ſhould be ſeen, as God would have ſeenwhar already they had done; for a Mu-
latra flave toa Spariardin the valley, at that very time when T was down and riſin
paſſed by, and hearing mecry out for help ro the neighbours ( who lived ſomewhar far
off thar mighr help and ſuccour me, for all the houſes thereabouts were of the bro..
thers the Fxentes ) came into the yard, and ſeeing me all in bloud thought I had beeri

. mortally wounded, and calling chem murtherers, ranalong the ftreet crying, Murther,

murther in Pablo Fentes his yard , till ſhe came to the Marker-place and Town-houſe

where ſhe found the Maiors and Jurates ſitting,and a couple of Spaniardr, who when the;
heard ofmy danger, with drawn ſwords came preſently running with all the officers of
Juſtice to the yard of Pablo Frentes toaid and afliſt me ; bur inthe mean while the Idola:
cers perceiving the outcry of the Mulatta', -began rofall away and to hide themſelyes :
Pablo Fuentes going to ſhut up his houſe alſo to abſent himſelf, T hetd him hard to it *
friving with him thathe mighr nor eſcapeaway till fome help came unto me. The Spa:
ziards when they came and faw meall in bloud, made furioutly ro P2bl3 Frentes with
their naked ſwords; whom Tftopped defirng them not to hurt him, left what harme

" they did unto him ſhould beimpured unto 'me. T wiſhed the Jaitice not co fear him

though hewere arich Tadjan , and asthey would anfwer before the Preſident of G#a-
zemala to lay hold of him,, and to carry himto prifon, which they preſently perfor-
med. Tmade the Spaziards and the Mulatrato witnefſe under writing by way. of in-

. formation what they had feen; what bloud about my clothes, what woundin my

hand, what blow in my mouth rhey had found., and fent with ſpeed to the Prefident
of Guatemala this their information.  The buſinefle was ſoon noiſed about the valley;
whereupon moſt of the Spaniards cameto offer their help and aid unto me -Mſiſiſſgſicti
Dalza alſo chancing to beneer at a Sp,r;ards bouſe in the ſame valley came with the
reſt, who would have done that night. ſome miſchief among the 7,45ays if Thad not
prevented them. Idefired them to depart and go home to their houſes, telling them
I feared nothing,; and that Migzel Dalva his company would be gnard enoug%\ unto
me. But they would by no means yeeld unto this , faying that night mighr prove
more dangerous unto me then Timagined, and that Ineededa ſtronger guard then of
one manalone; for they conceived that the Idolaters knowins what already they had
done, and fearing what grievous puniſhment might be inflited upon them from the
Prefident of Gzatemala, ſeeing themſelves loſt and undone men, might deſperately that
night reſcue their brother our of priſon, and atrempt fome miſchief againſt me, and
fſo flieaway. Which Icould not be brought to fear, orto believe any ſuch thing of

* their cowardly ſpirits, nor that they would flie away, for that they had houſes and

land there in and about the Fown , yet Iwas willing tor one night to yeeld to. have a
ſtronger guard of Spaxiards then at other times I had had with the Blackmore 24;gzel
Datvaalone. Afrer ſupper they kept watch about my houſe till ſuch time as they per-
ceived all wasftill, and the 1-diansa bed, and then they ſera watch abourt the priſon
that Pablo Fyeates might not betakenout; and after this ( pretending that they were
in danger as well as T being but about a dozen, if the Town ſhould all rife and mutiny
by the ſuggeſtion of the Idolaters , who moſt of them were rich and powerfull with
the reſt, which yet T feared not) they would needs go and raife up the two Alcaldes,
or Maiorsatone, with two more petty Officers to make ſearch about the Town forthe
reſt of the Fxentes and other known Idolaters, that being found' they might ſecure them
in the priſon to appear at Gzatemala,and prevented from doing any miſchiefeither that
night, orat any other time. With this ſtir which they made, and their care of me,
they ſuffered me nor to take any reſt thar night z bur went and called up the Alcaldes and
rwo officers and brought them to my houſe, defiring me to fignifie unto them, how fir
and neceſfary it wasto ſearch for rhe reſt of the Judians. The poor Alcaldes trem-
bled to ſee ſo many Spariards at that time in my houſe with naked fyords, and durſt
not but do what they thought beſt to be done, and ſo from my houſe about midnight.
they walked about the Town , ſearching ſuch houſes as they moſt ſuſpeted mighr
conceale any of the Faentes, or ofthereitthat had begn that day in the rebellion and

mutiny

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

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178 - A NewSurv

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oe Waklades

 

j ainſt me. They could find none at home , till at laſt coming to the houſe
ſſcr)l\'}1 tolgz Zgormzo Faentes , 3<l)ne of the brothers,, they found all that had beczſin inthe con-
ſpiracy againſt me, gathered together drinking and quaffing. The houe being befer
there was no flying nor eſcaping, and ſeeing the Spaniards naked fwords, they durit
nor rebell, who doubtleſſe {as_ we were atrerwards informed ) would have made. a
oreat ſtirin the Town that night, and were met-togerher to  reſcue Pablo theit: bro-
ther, and to.do me ſome milchief and-flye, norknowing that I was ſo ſtrongly man-
ed guarded bythe Spaniards. There were ten of them, and were preſently with-
out any noiſe in the Town carryedtothe Priſon,, and there ſhut'up, and guardedby the
Spaniards. : ſſ

In the morning the Prefident of Guatemala ( Who then was Pon Tuan de Gueman;
a Religious Governour) taking into his conſideration' what the.day before T hadwrir
unto him , and judging my danger to be great, ſenta Span/ Alguazile, or Officer of
Juſtice with a very large Commullion to bring priſoners to. the City: all thoſe 1odiazs
who-the day before had been in rebellion againſt me, and in caſe they could not be
found, then to ſeize upon what goods ſoever of theirs could befoundin Mz'x;o.But with
the diligence of the Spaniards the night before they were allina regdineſſe for him,and
paying the Alguazile firſt his charges ( which he demanded as he- liſted ) and bearing
the charges of 2igzel Dalva, and two or three more Spaniards,, whowere commanded
inthe Kings name to be aiding and aſlifting. the. Officer for the fafer carrying them to
Guatemala , they were horſed and had away that day to- the Prefident,who committed
them cloſe Priſoners, and afterwards commanded them to be whipped abour the ftreers,
baniſhed two of them from 2xco to the Golf of St. Thawas de Caſtitia, and would
have baniſhed themall, had they-not humbled rhemſelves; and defired me to intercede
for them , promiſing ro amend their lives, ?nd to-make megrear fatisfaction, ifthey
might return again totheir Town, and that if.ever morethey did ftir againſt me, they
would yeeld to be hanged and to loſeall their goods.With this the Preſident (finingthem
yet to pay twenty Crownsa peece to the Church to be imployed-inwhat T ſhould-think
fitteſt ) ſent them back ;/who, as they had promiſed, came unto me, and/humbled
themſelves before me with much weeping, with'many expreſſions, ſhewing'their, ſor-
row from their hearts for what they had. done, caſting all upon the Devill, whom they
confeſſed had been great with themin tempting them , whom! alſo: now they did ab-.
jure and renounce,, promifingto live as good Chriftians , -and never more to. worſhip
any God but one. I was very much taken with their deep ſorrow expreſſed with many
tears,, and indevouredto infiruct them in the true knowledge of Chriſt, whom now
T found they were very willing toimbrace. T lived not very long after in that Town ;
but for the time TIdid continue init, I found a great change and alteration in their
lives, which truly made me apt to judge that their repentance was unfained. - And
theſe former particulars of a few”7-d;ans of thoſe two Towns , T have not hereinſer-
ted to bring an aſperſion upon all that Nation, (which I do very much affe& , and
would willingly ſpend the beft drops of bloud in my veines to do them good, and
to fave their ſouls) but to cauſe rather pity and commiſeration towards them, who after
ſo many years preaching have been made as yet bur formall and outward Chriftians, and
by the many Saints of wood, which they have been taught to worſhip by the Prieſts,
have rather been inclined to the ſuperſtition and Idolatry of rheir Forefathers',' and to
rruſt to living Creatures, and bow to inanimite ſtocks and ſtones, which they daily ſee
performed: publickly in their Churches. Certainly they are of a good and flexible nature,
and( were thoſe Idols of Saints ftatues removed from their eyes) might be brought
eaſily to worſhip one only God ; and whereas they ſo willingly laviſh out their ſmall
meansand what they labour for, in offerings to, their Priefts and to their Saints, andin
maintainins lazy ſinging Lubbards, they without doubt would be free enough to'true
Miniſters of Gods Word , whoſhould venture their lives to beat down thoſe falſe. Gods,
and ſet up Jeſus Chriſt, and kim that ſent him into the World ro fave ſuch as truly be-
heve in him.

The. yearthat this ſtir happened in A;xco, T received from Rowe from the Gene-
rall ofthe Dominicans Order, Licence to come home to Eng/and; at which Trejoyced
much;for nowT waseven weary with living among the 1dians, and grieved toſee the lit-
tle fruit Ireaped amongſt them , and thar for fear of the InquiſitionT durſt norpreach
anew Goſpellunto them, which might make them trae, real}, and inward Ch.tiſhans%

and

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

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A New Survey of the' W eſt-Indies, 179 ]!\

and laftly, for that Tperceived that Anromro Iendes de Satomayor ( who was Lord of the
Town of Mixeo) did itomach me for having cauſed rwo of his Town to be batiſhed, and
publickly affronted the Fzezres for their Idolarry,which he rhought was a great aſpe)rſion
taid upon his Zdians. K

All which well confidered Twrit unto the Provinciall (who was thenin Chiapa) of
my defireto return home to mine own Countrey,, for the which Thad a Licence ſent
anto me from Rowe. Buthe having heard of what goodT had done in'the Town of

Mixcoin reducing ſome Idolaters, burning their idol, and venturing my life inſo good :

a cauſe; andalſo tor the perfet knowledge which now 1 had of the Pocozchi rongue
would by no means yeeld that T ſhould g0 ; but with fair and flattering words incou-
raged metoftay, where he doubred not, bur I did, and I might yet do God much
more good ſervice; and thar he might the better work upon me, he ſent me a Parent
of Vicar of the Town and Cloiſter of Amarirlan, where ar the preſent there was a new
Cloiſter a building to ſeparate ali that valley from the Cloiſtet of Gzarermala. He de-
fired meto accept of that ſmall preferment, not donbting bnt that I ſpeaking ſo well
the 74d4ian language might prevail much in thar place, and betrer rhen” another,- to
furcher thebuilding of chat new Cloiſter ; which work would be a good ſtep for himito
advance meafterwards to ſome better preferment. Althongh I regarded neither that
preſent ,Superiority, nor any better honour which might afterwards effue'unto me, T
thought the time which God had appointed for my returning to' Eyg/and was not yet
come ; for that ifthe Provinciall, and with him the Prefident of Gxatemala ( for ſo
much x. conje&ured out of the Provincials letter) ſhould *both oppoſe and hinder
my departure from that Countrey, it would be very hard for me to take my journey
any way, and not be diſcovered and bronght back. WhereuponT refolved to ſtay the
Provincials coming to Guaterala, and thereto confer with him face to face, and to
ſhew him ſome reaſons'that moved me to leave that Countrey , and to ſeek again mine
own whereinF was born: So for the preſent I accepted of the Town of Amatitlan,
whereT had more occaſions of gerting mony then it the orher two', where T had It-
ved five full years : for albeit thar Town alone was bigger then both 22;xcoand Pino-
1a together, and the Church fuller of Saints piQtres and ftatues, and very many Con-
fraternities and Sodalities belonged unto it ; befides this' from withour the Town I
had great comings in from the Ingenio of Sugar, which T related before ſtood cloſeun-
to that Town ,fromwhence Thad dayly offerings from' the Black-mares and Spaniards
that livedinit ; and befides this T had under my charge another lefſer Town called
St. Chriſtvval de Amatitlay, ftanding two' leagues from great Amaritlay. This Town of
St. Chriftoval, or St. Chriftopher,is called propetly in that language, Palizha,b,,fignifying
water, and Patl;, toſtand uprighr, and is compounded of two words, which expreſſe
water ftanding upright ; for the Town ftanderh on the backſide of the Vulcanof wa-
ter, which looketh over Gratemala , and on this fide ſendeth forth maby fountains,
but' eſpecially ſpouteth forth from a high rock a ſtream of water , which as it falleth,
from high with a great oiſe and down-fall, the rock ftanding upright over the
bottome where it fallerh; andcauſerh a moſt pleafant ftream by the Towns fide, it hath
moved the 7nd;ans 'to call their Town, Patinha, from the; high and upright ſtanding
rock, from-whence the water falleth.  Tnrhis Town there are many rich 1ndians, who
trade' inthe coaſt of the*South-ſea; the Town is an harbour ſhadowed with many
fruitfull"trees 5 but th&ehief fruir here is the Pinna , which growerth in every Indians
yard, and with the ticerneſſe of the Tngenio of Sugar,are by the Spapiards there-
abouts much made up in Preſerves, fome whole, ſome in flices, which. is the dainticſt
and moſt luſcions Preſervethat Tever dideat in that Countrey. The 73diaps bf this
Town get much by boards'of Cedar,” which they cur out.of many Cedar-trees, which
grow-0n that fide of the' Valcan, which they ſell_to Gaatemalaandall about the Coun-
trey for 'new buildings. - :
Between great Amatith and this Town the way is plain, and lieth under a Vulcan of
fire; which formerly was'wont to ſmoak as nmch as that of Guaterala ; but having for-
merly britft out at the top,and there openeda great mouth,and'caſt down to the botrom
mighty ſtones ( which'to this day ate.to be {een ) ir_hath not ſince been any wayes
rroubleſome unto the Countrey, In this way there was in my time a new Trapiche of
Sugar eteRing up by one John Baptiſta of Guatemala ,- which was thought would prove

very uſefull ; and profitable unto the forefaid Ciry. Thadyer for the rime that Llived
m

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

139 A N ew Survey Qf ſſ{kſſe W eſt-Indies,

in Amartlan another very little village at my charge, called Pampichi at the bottome
of a high mountain on the other {ide of the lake over againit it ;, which was bur a Chap= 07
pell ofcaſe unto great Amarir/ar, unto which I went not aboye once in a quarter of a 6
year, and thar for paſtime and recreation ; for this village is well inthat languagea com-
pound alſo of Pam, in, and-P5chi. lowers, for thar it ſtandeth compatled.:about with
flowers which make it very pleaſanr, and.the boats or Canoa's which do conſtantly ſtand
neer the doors of the houle, invites ro.much pleaſure of fiſhing and rowing, about
the lake. ; . :
And thus whilſt Tlivedin Amatitlan T had the choice- of three:places wherein to_re-
create my ſelf, and becauſe the charge of many ſouls lay in my hands,, .I had one
conftanrly. to help me.  The Town of Amazir/an was as. the: Court in reſpe&t of the
relt, where nothing was wanting that might recreate the  mind and fatisfie the bods
with variety and change of ſuſtenance, both for fiſh and fleſh. Yer the great care thar did
lieupon mein the work and building of the Cloiſter , made me very ſoon weary of
livingin that great and pleaſant Town ; for ſometimes T had thirty, ſometimes twen-
ty, ſometimes fewer, and ſometimes forty work-men to_ look unto, and to: pay
wages to 0n Saturday nights, which I found wearied much my brain, and hindre4
my findies, and was befides a work which I delighted. not.in ,. nor had any. hopes
ever to enjoy it. And therefore after the firſt.year that. I. had been thereI berook my
Klf unto the Provincial, who was in Guatemala, and again earneſtly beſought him
to- peruſe the Licence which T had from. Roxe to go ro England mine own Countrey
for to preach there ( for that was the chief ground of letting me goe home,  as che
Generall largely expreſſed) where I doubted. not but I might do God great ſervice,
and in Conſcience I told him Ithought Iwas bound to employ what parts God -had.
beltowed upon me, rather upon my own, Countreymen,,. then upon Jndiansand firan-
gers.. The Provinciall replyed unto me that. my Countreymen were Hereticks,.and
when I came amongft them  they would: hang me . up..  I told him » T hoped bertex
Things of them,, and that T would not: behaye my ſelf among them ſo, as to deſerye
hanging : not daring to rell him what was. in my heart concerning points of Religi-
on- After a long Giſcourſe I found the Provinciall inexorable, and half angry , tel-
ling me that he and that whole Province. had caft their eyes upon me; and honoured
me, and were ready and willing to. promote me further,  and that I would ſhew my
felf very ungratefull. unto them., if I ſhould forſake them for my own nation and
people, whom T had not known from my young:and tender age. T perceived there
was no-more to be faid, and all would be in vain, and- fo reſfolved to take my beſt. op=
Portunity, and with my Licence from Rowe to come away unknown unto him. Buz
for the preſent I humbly. beſeeched him ro remove me from Amatitlan, for that I found N
iy felf unable to undergo that great charge, and- too: weak for that ſtrong work.,
thar was then building. With much ado he would be brought to this;, alleadging
what an honour it was to bea Founder and builder of a new Cloiſter, in:whoſe: wals
iny very name would be engrayen to poſterity ; all which T told him T regarded not, but
eſteemed more of my health andaquiet mind, then of ſuch preferments. and .vanities!
Uponwhich at laſt he condeſcended to myrequeſt ,. and gaveme orderto £0.t0 Peta-
24, andthat the Vicar of Perapa ſhould goto finiſh the work. of Amarithan . In Petapa
I fived above a twelve moneth, with great caſe,. pleaſure,and content for-all things
worldly and ourward ; but within I had flill, a worme of Conſcience : :Enawing -this
gourd thar. ſhadowed and delighted me with worldly contentment. HereI grew more
and moretroubled concerning ſome points of Religion, dayly wiſhing with David,
that Thad the wings ofa. Doye, that T might flie. from. that. place of dayly-TIdolatry
into England,. and be atreſt. Ireſolved z%ierefl)r'eſit'o' put 0n a-good courage,andrelie
wholly upon my: God, knowing that the journey was hardand dangerous, and might
bring ſhameand trouble unto me, if I ſhould betaken in the way flying and broughs
back roGuaremala ; here L weighed thc aftiitionand reproach which might. enſue- un-
£0-me, after ſo much honour, pleafure, and wealth which I had enjoyed forabgut twelve
years in that Countrey ; bur- inanother balance of betrer confideration, I weighedthe
trouble of a wounded Conſcience, and the ſpirituall joy and comfort that I might en-
Joy athome with the people of God, and ſo reſolutely. concluded upon thar place of
Aeb. 11.25, 26,27. with Feſer, to chooſe rather to fuffer aflidtion with thepeople of
God(who as Pax! well obſerveth,'1 Thefſ. 3. 3. areappointed thereunto.; and again Phil.
I.29,

 

 
P

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CS C n Soronmnnc——omacograg—e_—————_—__
A New Survey of the Weſt-Indies, 181 I

1. 29. unto whom itis given in the behalfof Chriſt, not only to belieye in him. bur
alſo to ſuffer for bis fake) then to enjoy the pleaſures of ſinfor a ſeaſon; eſteemin% the
reproach of Chritt greater riches then-the treaſures in Z 'gypt. So for faith and a fafe con-
ſcience I now purpoſed likewiſe with 2Zoſes to foriake £gypr, not fearing the wrath of
the Preſident the Kings own Deputy, nor of the Provincall, and my bett friends - bur
ro indure all this (if T ſhould be raken) as ſeeing him who is inviſible. I thought this was
a buſineſſe not to be conferred with fleſh and bloud, leſt the beſt friend knowing of it
ſhould betray me ; yer onthe other fide, Ithought it hard ro- flie albne without ſome
friend for the firſt rwo or three dayes journey ; and beſides having many things to ſell
away to make mony of, I thought I were betcer to imploy ſome trulty friend, then to do
all alone. Ithoughr ofnone firter then Aigael Dalva, whom by long experience Tknew
ro be true and truſty, and that a ſmall money marter would content him : whom'T ſent for
to Pinola, and charging him with ſecrecy, Trold himT had a journey for'my conſtience
fake to make t0 Roe (Iwould not tell him that I witended Zngl2,d, leſt the g00d old
Black-more ſhould grieve thinking never more to ſee me, and for thelove he bare me, and
intereſt he had many times from me; he ſhould by diſcovering my incent, ſeek to Kop me)
which I would have none to know of but himſelf, not doubring bur-ro return again, as he
knew many had taken the like journey, and returned within two years.

The Black-more offered himſelfro go with me, which T refuſed;relling him that the ſeas
would be too-hard for his old age roendure, and that as a Z/ach-mrein forain Countries
he might be ſtopped andapprehended for a fugitive ; whichreafon he liked well, and of-
fered himſelf to go with meas far asthe ſea ſide; for which Tthanked him/and employed
to ſell me away ſome Mules, Whear and Maiz which I had; and what elſe might paſſe
through his hands. As for many rich pictures which hung in my Chamber,Ichought the
Town of Petapa would buythem for their Church, and propounded irunto the Gover=
nour, who willingly accepted of rhem. 'Moſt of . my books, cheſts; cabiners; quilts, and
many good peeces of houſhold-ſtuffe by the pains and indufſtry of 2457xe! ( whom I kept
with me for the ſpace'of two months before I came away) T ſold' to'Guaremaly, reſerving
only two Petaca's or leathern cheſts, with ſome books and a quilt'for my journey.” When
T had foldall that Tintended, I found Thad in Spayih mony neer nine thonfand peeces
of eight, which I had got in twelve years thatT lived inchat-Countey. So much mony I
thought would be too comberſome fora long journey ; whereuponT turned above four
thouſand of them into pearls and ſome pretious ſtones, which might make my carriage
the lighter; the reſt Ilaidup ſome in bags, ſome Tſowed into-my quilt, intending inthe
way to turn them into Spaxi/s Piſtols. Thus the chief proyiſion þeing made of money, F
rook care for Chocolatte and ſome Conſerves for the way, which were ſoon provided!
Now becauſeT conſidered that my flight the firſt week muſt be with ſpeed, and*that my
cheſts could not poſt dayand night as my ſelf intended to do;Tthought dfſending my
carriage four dayes ar leaſt before me ; andnot daringrotruſtany I#dian of Petapa, Ienr
to Mixco for one ſpeciall 7zdan friend whom T had there, who knew the way that T was
to travaile very. well ; to whom Topened my mind, and offered him what-money T kneyr
would content him, and at midnighr ſent him away with two Mules, one for himſelf.and
another for my chelts, wiſhing him to keep on travelling rowards St. Migaet, or Nica-
ragzatill Tovertook him. T gave him the advantage of four dayes and nights, 'and then
reſolutely with my good Black-more.in my company leaving the key of my chamber in my
door, andnotking but old papers within, when all the 7:45.zns were faſt aſſeep, I bad adieu
unto Petapa,andto the whole valley,; and toall my friends throughout Areriea;

R CHAP.

D E E InT YR E m em T Ies  n K

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

C em emn emn eera mn enenanannnnomaomrarn mn nnnnnomoe
N mn mn mn m m rnrrrtn

182 - oof Neſiw Survey of the W_cſt—fflſſi%fffl

CHAYT XXL.

Shewing my journey from the Tozn of Pctapa, into England ; and fome ohief
Paſſages in the way, '

He chief thing which troubled 'me in my reſolved purpoſe to come home, was
T the choice of the ſafeſt way z which made meutterly forſake the Gulfe (though
the eaſieſt way.of all, and that ſea neereſt to the place where I lived)) for that
I knew I ſhould meet 'there with many of my acquaintance, and the ſerting out of
the ſhips was ſo uncerttain, rhat-befoxe they departed, order might come from Grarc--

- wala.to ſtop me z-.if Tſhould go by land through Comayagna or Truxille,and there wair
for the ſhips, likewife] feared leſt. the Governour of that place by ſome item from the
Prefident of Gaatemala might examine me, and fend-me back., and that the Maſters
of the ſhips might have charge given them norro receive meinto their ſhips.-IfTſhould:
g0 back to Mexicoand Yera Cruz,then I called to mind, how I was troubled in thar
long journey, whenTcame firſt to Chiapa in company of friends, and that now alone T
ſhould certainly be much, put ro.it, for I would carry Migael Dalvalo far by land with
me. , Wherefore rejecting theſe three wayes, Tchoſe the fourth, which was by Nacaragus
and the Lake of Granada; and therefore I deferred my journey rill the week after Chriſft-
7145, knowing that the time ofthe frigats ſertingour from thar lake to the Havana was
commonly after the middle of 7auzary, or at 'Candlema at the furtheſt, whither Tho-
ped to reach in very. good.time.. ; Now that F might by no means be ſuſpeted- to have
raken this way.z. before I; went Tleft: by the hand: of 215gnel Dalvaa letter to a friend
of his to be delivered to the Provinciall inGaatemala , four dayes after my departure ,
wherein. T. kindly took my leave of him, defiring him not to blame me nor to ſeek
after, me;z.and whereas I had a ſufficient Licence from Rowe, and could not get his,that
Ithought I might with a fafe Conſcience go where T was born, leaving finguifls e-
nough to ſupply my place amonsft the .nd;ans. And becauſe he ſhould not make en-
quiry after me by Nzcaragaa, I dated and ſubſcribed my.letter to him from the Town
of .St. Antonio Suchntepeques,, which' was the way to Mexicoand quite contrary to Nj-
CaraTuada. ; F 3n
The next day after Toelfrhday, being the ſeventh of Zanuary; 1637.at midnight T
ſer out of Petapa upona.lufty Mule ( which afterwardsin the way T ſold for fouricore
peeces of eight) with 14gweh Dalvaalone z and the firlt part of the way being very hil-
ly we could not go ſo fait as our hearts would have poſted ; for it was break of day
before we-could get to the top of the Mountain, which is.called Serro Redondo, of the
round hill z which is much. mentioned-in that Countrey , for the good paſture there
which ſerveth for the Carte!l and Sheep, when the valleys beloware burnt and no gra=
fing left for Beaſts. This hill isalſo a great refuge to Travellers,, for there they tind
?ood entertainment ina Yeyta, where wineand proviſion is ſold, andisa great Lodge,
or to lay up dry what carriages they bring ; there is þefides one of the beſt Eftancia's
or farmes of Cattell in the Countrey, where of Goats and Ewes milke is madethe beft
cheeſe thereabours. This round hill or mountain is. five leagues from Pezapa, where
I feared E might meet with ſome people of Perapa, and theretore the day now dawning
I madehaſt byit, leavingin the lodge afleep many Tadians, who attended on two Spa-

 

»;ſh Requa's of Mules, which that day were to £0 to Petapa; four leagues further Iee
from this Serro Redonds 1s a Town of Tndians called Los Eſelavos, or the Slaves, not R
that now they are more flayes then the reſt of the 1zdians , but becauſe irt the old time Ui
of Montezama the Emperour, and the 7zdian Kings that were under him, .the people Uth

t '»

of this Town were- more ſlaves then any other, for from Amatitlan ( which is ſo cal-
led from Amaxt, which inthe Mexican rongue Hgnifieth Letter, and 7:/az which fig- 1
nifieth Town , for that it was the Town of Letters as ſome fay, fora rindeof a tree, tor
whereon they were wont formerly to writeand expreſſe their minds, or becauſe it was
the place whither from all parts letters were ſent to be carried about the Countrey, and
ro

 
—_—

A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies, 183

to Perg) theſe Indiaxs of the Town of Eſclaws's or ſlaves,were commanded as ſlaves to
goall abour the Countrey with letrers or whatſoever elſe they ſhould be charged with z
and they were bound conſtantly to-ſend every week ſo many of their Town (as were ap-
pointed) unto Amaritlay, there to wait andattend the pleaſure of that Town for the cor-
veying of letters, or any carriages to other parts. _

This Town of los Eſelaves ftandethina bottome by ariver, over che which the Spa-
mards bave built a very ſtrong ſtone Bridge to go inand out of the Town, for otherwiſe
with mules there isno paſling by reaſon of the yiolent and rapid fiream of the water,
and inany rocksin the River, from which the water fallech down with great force,
From this Town where we only ftayed to drink a cup of Chocolatte and to bait our
Mules) we went on that day to Aguachapa, being ten leagues further, and nor far from
the South Sea, and the port called De /a Trimidad; whither we came towards evening,
having that dayand part of the night rravelled about threeſcore Englſh miles up hils
and upon ſtony wayes from the E/zlavo*5unto this Town ; which is much mentioned. in
that Countreyfor two things. The one is for the earthen ware which is made there (as
ſome rhink) exceeding that of 243xco. The other is for a place within a mile and a
halfe from the Town, which the Spaniards do credibly report and believe to- be a
mouth of hell. For out ofit thereis conſtantly aſcending a thick black ſmoak ſ\melling
of Brimſtone, with ſome flaſhes now and then of fire; #he earth from whence this
ſmoak ariſerh is not high, but low. None ever durſt draw nigh to find out the truth and
ground of it ; for thoſe thar haveattempted to do it, have heen. ftricken down to the
ground and like to loſe their lives. A friend of minea Fryer (whom I thought verily T
might believe) upon his oath affirmed unto me, that travelling that way with a Provin-
ciall he reſolved to go unto the place, and farisfic himſelf of the ground and cauſe of the
frange talke which was every where about the Countrey concerning that ſmoak.He went
within a quarter of a mile ofit, and preſently, he faid, he heard a hideous noiſe, which
rogether with the ſtench of the fiery ſmoak and brimſtone, ſtruck him into ſuch a fear
that he was like to fall ro the ground, and retiring himſelf with all ſpeed was taken
with a burning feaver, which was like to coſt him his life. Others report that drawing neer
unto it, they have heard great cries as it were of men and women in torment, noiſe of
iron, of chaines, and the like, which (how ſimply I leave it to my Judicious Reader )
maketh them believe.that it is a mouth of hell. Of my knowledge I will fay no more, but
that I faw the ſmoak, and asked the 7ydians what was the.cauſe of it ; and if ever they
had been neer untd it ? And they anfwered me, that they.could not imagine whar mighr
bethe cauſe of it, neither dutſt chey draw nigh unto is ; and chat they had ſeen Travel-
lers, attempting to go neer it, and that they were all ſtricken either to the ground, or
with ſome ſuddain amazement, or feaver. Itold them that I would walke chither my
felf, and they deſired me that Twould not, if Iloved my life. It-was-nor yer for all
this report the fear of being ſo near the Spaniards hell (as they call it) that made me
baſte with ſpeed our of that Town, bur fear of ſome meſſenger that mighr come after
me to ſtop my journey. For at midnightI departed from thence, and went to break
my. faft to a great Town called Chalcuapan, where the Indiajs made very much of
me, being Pocomants , who ſpake the Poconchi Or Pocomay tongue which I had learned.
They would willidgly have had me to ſtay with them and preach untothem the next
Sabbath, which Iwould have done, had nota better deſigne called upon me to make
haſte. : . ſi

Here 1was troubled, how I ſhouldger through St. Salvader, which was a City of
Spaniards, and whereinthere was a Cloiſter of Dominicans, whom I feared mott of
alt, becanſe Twas known by ſome of them. My reſolution was therefore when Icame
neerunto the City, to turn out of my way to a Spaniards Farm as if I had loit my
way, and there to delay the timetill evening in drinking Chocolatte; diſcourſing, and
baiting my mules well, that ſo Imight travell all that night, and- be-out of the reach
of that City, and Fryers (who lived in 1z;an Towns about it ) the next morning ,
early. This City of St. Sa/vader is poor , not much bigger then Chiapa, and is go-
verned by a Spaziſh Goyernour. Ir ſtandeth forty leagues ar leaſt from Guaremalagand
towards the North Sea fide, is compaſſed with very high mountains, which are cal-
fed Chuntales , where the 1adiaxs are very poor. Inthe bottome where the City ftan-
d:th thereare ſome Trapiches of Sugar, ſome Indigo made, burt-the chief Fagfies are

ancia's

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

ſi'ſiSctfg. A New Survey of the W cſt-ladies.

Efantia's of Cartell, Towards Evenins Idſicpaxced from that Farm whereThad well
refreſhed my ſelf and my Mule, andabout eighr of the clock I rid through the City
not being known by any body. My purpoſe was to be the next morning at a_grear
River, called Rzode Lempa, ſometen leagues from St. Salvagor, for within two leagues
ofit there lived inan /zd4;an Fown a Fryer belonging to the: Cloiſter of St. Salvader
who knew me very well. But ſuch haſte T made thar before break of the day I paſſed
through that Town, and before ſeven of. the clock I was atthe River, whereT found
my Indian of Mixcoready to paſſe over with my carriage ,. who that morning by three
of the clock had ſet our of thar Town two leagues off, I wasnota little glad ro have
overtaken my Cheſts, wherein was moſt of my treaſyre, There I fat down a while by
the River whilft my mules grazed,” and my ſndiaz ſtruck fireand made me Chocolatte.
This River of Zempa is held the broadeſt, and biggeſt in all the Juriſdiction belong-
ing unto Gaateyala; there are conſtantly two ferry Boats to paſſe over the Travellers,
and their Requa's of Mules. This River is priviledged in this manner, that if a man
commit any hainous crime or murther on this fide'of Guaremala, and San Salvader,or
on the other ſide of St. Miguel, or Nicaragya, if he can flie to get oyer rhis River, he
is freeas lorig as he liveth on the orher fide, and no Juſtice 0n that fide whither he is
eſcapedcan queſtion or trouble him for the murther committed.” So likewiſe. for Debts
he cannot be arreſted. Though I thanked GodT neither fled for the one,or for the other,
yet it was my comfort that I was now going over toa priviledged Country, where I ho-
ped Iſhould be free and fure, andthatif any one did come after me, he would £0 no6
tarther then to the river of Zempa. My Blackmore did much laugh at this my conceipr,and Ih

 

 

 

 

 

 

warranted me that all would do well. We ferried fafely over the River ; and from thence Thad
went in company with my 1d5az to a little ſmall Town of Zrd5ans two leagues. off, where Like
we made the beſt dinner that wehad donefrom the Town of Petapa, and willingly gave M

reſt to all our mules tillfour of the clockin the afternoon ; at which time we ſet forth to
another ſmail Town lirtle aboye two leagues off, througha plain, ſandy and Champaigo
Countrey. The next day we had but ten leagues to trayell to a Town called St, 4iguet;
which belongeth unto Spaniards,andthough ir be nor a City,yet it is as big almolt as Sax
Satvador, and hath a Spaxiſh Governourzinit there is one Cloiſter of Nuns,and another of
Mercenarian Fryers,who welcomed me unto their Cloiſter ; for here I began to ſhew my
face, andto think of ſelling away the Mule I rid on, being reſolyed from hence, to. go
by water oran Arme of the Sea, ro a Town in Nicaragya called LaVieja. I would here
have diſmifſed my 1ndiaz , but he was lorh to leave meuntillT got to Granada , where
he deſired ro fee me ſhipped. I refuſed not his kind offer, becauſe F knew he was truſty
and had brought my Chetts well thicher, and knew well the way to Granada. So I ſent
him by land to Realzjo, or to LaVieja, which ftand very neer together, and thirty
leagues by land from St. 24;7mcl,and my ſelf ſtayed that day and till the next day at noon
inthar Town, were Tſold the MuleI rid on, becauſe T knew that from Realejo tO Granads
I could have of the 7:454psa Mule for nothing for a dayes journey. My Blackmores Mule
I fent alfo by land with the 7-454y, and the next day went to the Gulfe, being three or
four miles from St. 2/4igsel, wherethat afternoonT took Boat with many other paſſen-
gers, and the next morning by eight in the morning was at Za7ieja, which. journey by
land would have taken me up neer three dayes. The next day my. [ndiay came at night,
and we went t0 Realejo, (asThave obſeryed before) a Bayen very weak and unfortitied
on the South Sea ; where if I would have ſtayed onefortnight T might have taken ſhip-
ping for Panama, to go from thence to Portabella, and there ftay for the Galeons from
Spaix. Bur Iconfſidered thatthe Galeons would not be there till Zuxe or 7uly, and thar
ſoTſhould bear great charges in ſtaying ſo. long. Bur afterwardsI wiſhed Lhad accepted
of that occaſion, for T wasat laſt forced to go to Panama, and Porrgbells. From hence to
Granada T obſerved nothing, but the plainneſſe and pleaſantnefſe of the way, which with
the fruits and fertility of all things may well make N icaragua the Paradiſe of America.
Berween Realejo and Granada ſtandeth the City of eop, neer unto. a Yalcan of fire,
which formerly burſt ont at the top, and did much hurt unto. all_the Countrey about ;

 

 

but ſince rhatit hath ceaſed, andnow letteth the Inhabitantslive withour fear;. Some- ”

fimeir ſmoaksa little, which ſheweth thar as yet there is within ſome ſulphurous ſub- W
ſtance. haw,
Hereit was that a Mercenarian Fryer thought to have diſcovered ſome great treaſure,
which N

Uiths

 
(f

D TN ICT

- ANewSurveyof the Weſt-Indies. 15 _

which might inrich himſelf and all that Countrey, ” being fully perſwaded that the
metall that burned within that 7z1can was Gold ; 'whereupon he- cauſed a - preat
Kettie to be made, and hungar. an iron chain toletit down from the top, thinking
therewith ro take up gold enough to make him Biſhop and ro inrich his poor kin=
dred: | But fuch was the power and ftrength of the fire within, that no ſooner had
he ler down the Kettle, when it fell from thechain and from his hands being melted
Away.

This City of Leo is very curiouſly built, for the chiefdelight of the Tnhabitants con-
ſiſtechin their houſes, and inthe pleajure ofthe Countrey adjoyning, and in the abun-
dance ofall things fer the life of man, more then in any extraordinary riches, which
thereare not ſo much injoyed, as inother part of America. They are contented with
fine gardens, with yariety of ſinging birds, and parrets, with plenty of fiſh and fleſh
which'is cheap, and with gay houles, and ſo lezd a delicious, lafie andidlelite ; nor aſpi:
ring much to trade and traffique, rhough they have neer unto them the Lake, which com-
monly every year ſendeth forch ſomeFrigars ro the Havaya by the North Sea, and Zealejo
of1the South Sea, which ro them might be very commodious for any dealing and rich
Tradingin Perx, or to Mixco, if their ſpirits would carry them' ſo far:* The Gentlemen
6f this City are almoſt as vain and phanraſticallas are thoſe of Chiapa: And eſpecially
from the pleaſure ofthis Ciry, is all that Province of Nyraragua, called by the Sp47z
zrds Wahomers Paradiſe. From hence the way is plain /and levell to Granads, whither
 got fafely and joyfully, hoping that now Thad no more journey to make by land, till
I ſhould land ar Dover in England, and from thence poſt up to Loydox. - Two dayes after
Fhad arrived at this place and reſted my ſelf, and injoyed the plealant proſpe& of the
Lake, Ibegan to think of diſmiſſing my 114;an and blackmore, But true and faithfull
Mignel Dalva would by no means feave me, till he ſaw meſhipped; and thar T had fo
more need of him by land; Likewiſe the 7:d#az would willingly have ftayed, but-by no
meansT would permit him, for that T conſidered he hada wife and children” to look to at'
home. - He was as willing to*return a {0or, as to ride, becauſe he would haye me fell my
Moules, and make what money I conld of them ; bur T ſeeing the go0d nature of the
Tidian, would recompenſe his love with as much money as might be more beneficiall t6
him, then a tired Mule ; which might have dyed in the way under him, and left him on'
foot : ſoTgave him money enough to bear hischarges home, and to hire Mules at his
own pleaſure, and ſome to ſpare when he came home, | The Jndian with many tears fal-
lins from his eyes, ſaying he feared he ſhould never more ſee me, took his leave of me the
third day after wearrivedat Granada. My Blatkmore andT being left alone; firſt began to
think' of ſelling away the two Males, which had broughr' thither the 1341a», znd my
Chels ; for which Igot! fourſcore and'ten! peeces of eight after ſo longa journey,and
thought they were well fold. T wouldhhave had? 2Zigaet have ſold away that whereon
he rid, (which was his own) and offered ro buy himanorher that might better carry him
back, but the loving and carefull Blackmore would not ſuffer me to be at ſuch charges,
confidering the long journey which Twas to make. Afeer this we hearing that the ri-
gats were not like to departina fortnight, thought of viewing well thar ftarely and
pleaſancTown a day or two, and then to betake our ſelyes to ſome neer Jndiay Town,
where we'might be hid, ( leſt by che grear refort of Requa's of Mules which ar. that
time brought Tndigo and Cochinill from Gzaremalato the Frigats, we ſhould be dif-
covered )- and might nowand then cometothe Town to treat concerning my paſling?
in one of the Frigats to the' Havana of Carrhagena. What in thar Towh we obſers
ved was, two Cloiſters of Mercenarian and Franciſcan Fryers, and one of Nuns, very
rich ; andone Pariſh Church, which was asa Cathedrall , for the Biſhop of Leon did
more contſtantly reſidethere rhenin the City. The houſes are fairer rhen thoſe of - Leon,
and the Town of more inhabitants, among whom there are ſome few Merchars of very
great wealth, and many of inferiour degree vety well t9 paſſe, who trade with Car-
thagena, Guatemala, San Salvader, and Comayagua, and ſome by the South ſea to Pe-
1x and Patanie. But at thistime of the ſendingaway the Frigats,thar Town is one of the
wealthieſt in all the North Tra® of America;; for the Merchants of Guazemala fear-
ing to ſend all their goods by'the Gulfe of Hondyras, for that they have been often ta-
ken by the Hollanders between that and Havapg , think it ſafer to ſend them by the Fri-
gatsr0 Carthagena, which paſſage hath not been ſo much ſtopped by the Hollanders as

the other. S0 likewiſe many times the Kings treaſure, and revenues { when there is
R3 any

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

36 A New Sirvey of the Weſt-Indies.

any report of ſhipsat ſea, orabout the Cape of Sr. Anthony) are this way by-the La_ke

of Granadapaſled to, Carrhagena. That year that Iwas the_re, before I betook my ſelfco

an Judian Town,--in one day there entred fix Requa's ( which were at leatt three hun-

dred Mules) from. St. $4/vador and Comayagua only, laden wirh nothing elſe but 1n-

digo, Cochiniland Hides; and two dayesatter from Gzatewala came in three more,

the- one laden with filver (which wasthe Kings tribute from that Countrey; the other

with Sugar, and the other with Indigo. The former Requa's I feared not; bur the

latter made me keep cloſe within my lodging, leit 'going abroad, I ſhould be known

by ſomeof thoſe that came from Gzatemala; who after they had delivered what they

brought , preſently. departed,, and with their departure fer: me ar liberty,, who

for  their ſakes was. a voluntary- priſoner within mine own ' lodging.  , But. fearing

leſt more of theſe Requa's might come and affright me, I went to a Town.out- of

the rode, a league from Granada,, and took my pleaſure up and down the Countrey

whereT was much feaſted by the Mercenarian Fryers, who enjoy. moſt 'of thoſe.Towns.

Amongſ theſeT heard much ofthe paſſagein the Frigats to Carthagena, which did not

a little diſhearten and diſcourage me. For although , whileſt they fail uponthe Lake ,

they go ſecurely and without trouble, yet when they fall from the Lake to the Riyer

(which therethey call Z/ Deſaguaders) to go out, tothe Sea, hic labor, hoc oprts eft, here

is nothing but: trouble, which ſometimes makes that ſhort voyageto laſt two moneths;

for ſuchis the fall of the waters in many places amongſt the rocks, thar many times

they are forced to unlade the Frigats, and lade them again with help- of Mules which

are there kept for that purpoſe, by a few 7zdjans. that liveabout the River,and have care

of the Lodges made for to lay inthe wares, whileſt the Frigats paſſe thorow thoſe dan-

gerous places to another Lodge, whither the waresare brought by Mules, and pur a-
gain into the Frigats. Beſides this trouble .(which muſt needs be redious ro a paſ-.

ſenger, to be thus ſtopped, who would willingly come ſoon'to his journies end)

the abundance of gnats is ſuch , which makerh, him to rake no- joy in his voiage,and

the heat in ſome places ſo intolerable, that many do die before they get out to the ſea.
Though all this was terrible ro. me to hear, yer. I comforted.my felf that my_ life was
inthe handsof the Lord, and thar the frigats did commonly every year paſſe that. way,
and ſeldome any were loſt.. I went.nowand then to Granads to bargain for my paſ-
fage, and to-know when the frigats would for certain ſet out,, and to provide my
ſelf of ſomsdainties and Chocolatte for my ,journey, having agreed yith a Maſter of
a frigat for my_ diet at his table.- _ The time was appointed within four or five.dayes ;
but tuddenly allwas crofſed with a ſtrict command. from Gaaremala,  that the frigats
ſhould not go out that. year, becauſe |the Prefident and whole: Court was informed
for certain that ſome Eg1iſh.or | Hollad ſhips was abroad.at. ſea, :and lay-about the
mouth of the river or Deſagaadero waiting for thetkigats of Gravada, and that the faid
were ſometimes Jurking about the Iſlands of St. John, and .St.-Carharine (which then
was. our Providezce.) which made all the Merchants of - the Countrey' to-fear and
fiveat with a cold ſweat , and the Preſident to be carefull for the Kings revenues, leſt
the loſſe ofrhem ſhould be imputed to his wilfull negligence., in Ropping the-frigars,
whileſt hewight., and had warning given. - This was but fad newes unro me, who
knew not for the preſent, which. way to, diſpoſe. of my ſelf. 1 began to.think of the
ſhip that wasat Realzjoready to ſet out to Panama, thinking that would now be my beit
courſe, but enquiring after it, I was for certain__ informed by. ſome Merchants that
it was newly gone.  Then my eyes looked upon Comayagna and, Truxillo, andupon the
ſhips of Hondyras, but theſe were but,yain and troubled thoughts, ariſing from a
perplexed heart, for the ſhips werealſo gone from thence ,” without ſome {mall veſſell
or frigat might bethere with newes from Havana or Carthagena(for thoſe, places ſend
often;wordand notice of what ſhips are abroad at ſea) but this allo wasa, meer chance,
and.notto bertruſted unto,, as my friends. did adviſe, and counſell me. Whereupon
wy, perplexity moreand more. increaſed;  only tny_comfort,wasthat there were more
paſſengers beſides my. ſelf, who I knew muft take ſome courſe, and whom I alfo reſol-
yedto follow by ſea, or land, , Amongft us all we were once reſolved. to hire a
frigat tocarry: us only to Carthagena , but. this would not be granted, for no body
would hazard his veſſell and: life for our fakes, Whileſt we were thus diſtreſſed and per-
plexed enquiringabout Granadz ofthe Merchants what courſe we might take. to_ get
30 Sparz that year, or to.meet with the Havang or Carthagena; one that wiſhed.us well, nj.
- counſelled ® vh

 

 

 
d

Fag.

= CSN —_
—_— —— CTN -

4 New Survey of the Welt-Indies, 187

 

counſelled us to go to Ceſtarica, where at Carthago we ſhould be ſurerochear of ſome veſ-
fels bound for Portobel, either trom the river called de los Anzxeles, or from: the river
called Szere - from whence every year went out ſome ſmall frigats to carry Meal, Bacon
Fowles, and other proviſion for the Galeons to Porrobel. This we thought wasa hard and
diſficulr journey, and of neer a hundred and fifty leagues, 'over mountains and throuſigfi
deſerts, where we ſhould miſſe the pleaſure, variery, and daintiesof Graremala and N
caragua, andafter all this peradventure might miſſe of an opportunity of ' any- frigat
bound to Portobelle, Yet ſounwilling were we all ro return to:Graremalofrom whence we
came, that we would rather go forward, and undergo any difficulties, fo+ thar at laft we
might find any ſhipping ro.convey us where we might meerwirh the Galeons,” which we
knew were not to come to Porrobel, till the month of Zane or 7xly. We therefore
agreed four of us, three Spaniards and my felf, ro go to-Ciſtarica, and there ro rry our
fortune. They hadeach of them (as my ſelf had ) carriage tor one Mule, and noneto ride
on ; but rhought it their beſt way to buy each of thema Mule to' carry them, which
they hoped after their journey to ſell again at Coftarica, and to ger money by them, and
for their carriages to hire mulesand 7adians from Townto Town, whoalfo might ſerve
to guide us through many dangerous placesand paſſages,” which wo underſtood were'in
the way. NowT wiſhed Ihad my Mule which Tfoldat Sas 273gzet, or any one of rhe
two which}I ſold before in 7ranada. But for my money I doubred not, with the
- help of my B/ack-mere,, but Tſhould find one for my purpoſe.  T furniſhed my ſelfyery
ſpeedily, for fifty peeces of eight, of one which I feared notwoutd perform my journey.
My good and trulty B/ack-more would willingly have gone ' on with me, and further
round the world if I would have permitted him'; bur Twould not ; but (thanked him
heartily for what he had done, and gave him money enobghin his purſe ; and diſmiſ-
ſed him) hoping that the comnpany of the three Spaniards would be ſufficient comfort
unto me.

Thus with one 1-dian to guide uswe fſet four ofus out' of Granada; enjoying for
the two firſt dayes more of the pleaſure of thar {ahamers paradiſe Nicerapua, finding
the way for the moſt part plain, the Towns pleafanr, the Countrey ſhady,”and' every
where fruits abounding. - The ſecond dayafter we fer out,/"we were much affrighted
with a huge and monſtrous- Caiman'or Crocodile , which' having' come out of the
Lake ( which we paſſed by) and lying crofſea puddle of water bathing'himfelf, and
waiting for ſome prey, as we perceived after, whom we not knowing well-at the firſt ;"
but thinking that it had been ſome tree that wasfelled or fallen, paſſed ctoſe by it ; when
on a ſaddain we knew the ſcales of the Caiman, -and ſawthe-monſter ſtir and move;
and ſer himſelf againft us;wherewith we-made haſt from him ; bur he thinking to have
made ſome of us his greedy- prey, ranafterus, which when' we perceived, 'and that he
was like to overtake us, we were much troubled, untill one of the Spaniards (who knew
better the nature and quality of that beaſt then the reſt)called uponusroturnto one fide
out of the way, and to ride on ftrait fora while, and then to rurn" onanother fide ; and
ſo to circumflex our way , which advice of his' wirhout doubr-faved&mine, or ſome of
the others lives, for thus we wearied that mighty monſter and eſcaped from him, who
(had werid out ſtraightway) had certainly-overtaken us,and killed ſome mule or man,
for his ſtraight forward flight was as ſwift as our Mulescould run j but whilſt he turned
and wheeled about. his heavy- body , we got ground andadvantage rill-we left him far
behind us; and by this' experience we came to know the'nature and quality”of rhat
beaſt , whoſe greatneſſe'-of body is no; hinderance to; run forward asſwiftas a Mule
bur otherwiſe, as the Elephant once laid down is'troubled to ger up, ſo this monſter
is heavy and ſtiffe, and therefore much troubled to turnand wind about his' body. We
praiſed God who had that'day deliveredus;' and. riding for a while by-rhe fide of rhe
lake, we were watchfull that we might.nor fall again intotthe like danger; Bur the great=
neſſe of this lake of Granada may fromhence be known,” in'thar the ſecond and third
day of our ;journey , being' at leaft threeſcore miles from whence we ſet out'; we now
and then found our way lying by it.' After rhat 'we had - wholly loft the ſight
of it , webegan-toenter into rough and craggy wayes, declining moreto the Sourh
then tothe North ſea.  And inall thereft: of our journey-to Carthago,  we obſerved
nothing worth committing to poſterity.,” bur only mighty woods and trees on the
South ſea fide;' very fit for to make ſtrong ſhips,” and many mountainsand deſert pla-
ces, where we lay ſometimes two nighrs together, either in wogds' or open fields% far

rom

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

| 88 A New Survey of the Welſt-Indies.

fromany Town or habitation of 1ndiazs, yet for our comtort in theſe ſo deſert placeswe
had ftill a guide with us,and found lodges,which by the command of the neerett Juftices
had been ſer up for ſuch'as travelled that way. Wecame'ar laſt through thouſand dan-
gers to the City of Carthago,which we found not to be ſo poor,asin richer places, as Gy-
remalaand Nicaraguait was reportedto be. For there we had occaſion to inquire after
ſome Merchants. for exchange of goldand filver , and we found that ſome were very
rich, who traded by land and fea with Panama , and by'Sea with Portobello, Cartha-
gena, and Havana,.and from thence with Spaiy. This /City may conſiſt of tour hun-
dred Families, and is governed by a' Spaziſh Governour ; Itis a Biſhops Sea, and hath
in it three Cloiſters, two of Fryers, and one of Nuns. Here we began to enquire af-
ter that which had brought us through ſo many Mountains, Woods, anddelerts, to
wit, after ſome ſpeedy occaſion of ſhipping our ſelyes for Portobello or Carthagena; and
according to our defires we underſtood of one Frigat almoſt ready. to ſer our from the
River called De /os Anzaclos, and another from the River Szere; and being well in-
formed that Sere would bethe beſt place for us to 'travell unto by reaſon of more
proviſion in the way, more Towns of 1ndiaxs,and Eſtancis's of Spaniards, we reſolved
within four dayes after we had reſted in Carthago, to undertake a new journey towards
the North Sea. We found that Countrey mountainous in many places ; yet here and
there ſome Vallies where was very good corn, Spaniards living in good Farmes , who
as well as the 1ndians bred many hogs ;| but the Towns of 7zdians we found much
unliketo thoſe which we had left behind in Nicaragza and Gwatemala ; and the people
incurteſie and civility much -differing from them, and of a rude and bold carriage
and behaviour; towards us ; yet they are kept under by the Spaziards, as much as thoſe
whom I have formerly ſpoken-of about Gaatemaia. We came in ſo good a time'to
the River: Sacre, that we ſtayed-there but three dayes in a Spaniſh Farm neer unto ir,
and departed. ;

The Maſter of the Frigat-wasexceeding gladof our company,, and offered to carry
me for nothing , .but for my prayersto. God for him, and for a ſafe paſſage; which
he hoped would not be above three or four dayes failing. What he carried was no=
thing bur ſome Hony, Hides, Bacon, Meal and Fowles. The' greateſt danger he told us fat
of, was the ſetting our fromthe River, (which runsin ſome places with a very ftrong to1
ſtream , is ſhallow and full of rocksin other places ) till wecome forth to the main &0
Sea. Whither we got outfafely and had nor failed on above twenty leagues,whenwe ul
diſcoyered two ſhips making towards us; our hearts began to quake , and the Maſter
himſelfof the' Frigat we perceived was not withour fear , who ſuſpe&ed that they
were Engii/s/or Holland Ships ; wehad no. guns nor weapons: to fight with, fave one-
ly- four or five Muskets and half a dozen Swords; we thought thewings of out nim=
ble, Frigat might be our beſt comfort, and flying away our chiefeſt ſafecy. © /Bur. this
comfort ſoon beganto. fail/us, and our; beſt ſafety was turned into near approaching
danger ; for before we could flie one five leagues towards Porrobel, we could from our ,
Top Maſt eaſily perceive the two Ships to be Hollanders, and roo nimble for our lictle qui
Veſſell, which preſently one of them ( which being a Man of Warre, -was too much uh
and too ſtrong for. our weakneſſe ) fercht-up,, and with a thundring Meſſage made us o
firike Sail.' |Withour any fighting we durſt not buc yeeld, hoping for berter mercy.
Bur O what fad thoughts did hererun to and frommy dejeced hearr, which was ſtruck
down lower then /our Sail? How:did I ſometimes look upon Deaths frighting viſage ?
Bur if again-T would- comfort-and incourage my elf againſt this fear of Death;
how then did I' begin to ſeean end- of allmy hopes of ever more returning to my wi-
ſhed and defired Countrey? /How didI ſeethatmy treaſure of Pearls,pretious Stones,
and peeces of -Eight, and golden! Piſtols/,' which-by ſinging T had gort in twelve years
ſpace, now within one halfe; hour ready. to be 1oft with weeping , and become a ſure
prey to thoſe, whowith asmucheaſeasT got-them; and with lughing were ready to
ſpoile me of all that with theſound of Blutes, Waits and Organs I had ſo long been
hording up?. NowT faw I'muſt forcedly and fainedly offer up-to a Hollander whar 'fu-
perſtirious,  yea alſo forced and fained-offeritigs: of 1ndjans to:their Saints of Mixcoz
Pinola, Amatitlan and Petapa had for awhile enriched me.: My further thoughts were
ſoon interrupted by the Holaiders who came abord our Frigat with more ſpeed then
we defired. Though their Swords; Muskets and Piſtols did not a hittle rerrifie., yet 4
we were. ſomewhat: comforted,” when we -underſtood who was their' chief Captaig Nn
. *an

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

A New Survey of the.W.eſt-Indies —a8g

and Commander, and hoped for more mercy ;from him, who had been.born » and
brought upamongſt Spaniards, then from the Hol/angers, whoas they were little bound
uinto. the Spaniſo Nation for mercy, ſo_ did weexpect little from-them; The, Captain
of this. Holland ſhip which.rook us wasa Mulatro, born and bredini Havaya, whoſe Ma-
ther I faw.and ſpoke: with-afterwazds,zhat ſameyear, when 'the :Gaicteon; kryck jnto
thar Port to exped there the reſt, that-were to! come from Yera, Cruz.  This Mulatto
for ſome wrongs which had been offered unto him, from! ſome, commanding' Spraygrds
in the Hawana, ventured himlelf deſperatelyina\boar. out to.the Sea, wherewereſome
Helland Ships waiting for a prize,:and with Gods/ help getting.unto. them, yeelded
bimſelf ro their mercy, which he efteemed far. berter- then thag of his own Countrey-
men, ,promiſing to ferve them faithfully. againſt his own Nation,; which had moſt in-
juriouſly and wrongfully abuſed,. yea and ( as Iwasafterwards informed) whipped him
inthe Havana. :

This Mulatto. proved fo true and faithfullin his, good  ſervices unto the Hollanders,
that they efteemed:much ofhim, married. him to one of their Nation; and made him
Captain of a Ship under that. brave and gallant , Hoander whom the- Spaniards then
ſo much feared, and named,, Pie de Palo, or Wooden Leg.;; This famous-Mulatto if
was that with his Sea Souldiers: borded /our. Frigar ,- in the which he had found-little
worthhis labour, had:it not been for the 7»dians,offerings whichol carried:with -tae
of which 1 loſt thar day the worth of, four thonfand Paracons or pezceg/pfxight, in
pearls.,.and pretious ſtones, and-ineer three , thouſand:,mgre; jzj;;rngnzr.. : Thei:ocher
Spaniards loſt fome hundredsa peece,, which was: ſo rich a.pripe,; thatic madethe-Hol-
layders komach loarh: the reſt of our grole proyifionef BaconyMeaband Eawles, :and
our_mony taſted ſweeter unto, them, then the Hony! which.quriFrigat alſs: afforded
them....Other thingsI had (as a Quilt to' lie .on, Jome Books,zand Laminn's,; Wwhich
are, pifures in braſſe, and clothes) which-I begged of rhar, Noble, Captain, che. Mu-
fatto, who confidering._my Orders|andcalling, gave me themfreely, andwiſhed-me
ro. bepatient, faying that he could do- no otherwiſe then he did: with-my-maney and
Pearls,, and ufing that icommon Proverbe at Sea,' @. por m,17uana per 14 50 day
fortune harh been:for _me, to. morrow. it my' be fax-thee .6r to:day.T havegot what
to. morrow I may loſe again; Here T made uſe alſo of that commorifaying, thatallgotten
goods neverthrive, and perceived it was the will of my-heavenly-Father fotakefrom me
whar ſo unlawfully by. ſuperſtitious: and idolatrous-Maſſes, by-Offeringsunto. Idolsand
Starues ofSaints-T had-got amongſt the 7ndians..,T affered inlieuofthoſe former offer-
ings my will unto my Lord Gods will, defiring! him to- grantmepatience to bear that
great loſſe. I confeſſe, though it wasvery croſſets ficthandbloud,, yer.L fonnd an
inward ſpirituall ftrengrhning from aboye, androJbe very truewhat Pax/ wrices cothe
Hebrews incthe 12 Chapter, and-Verſe 11. faying,' No chaſtenint;fot the preſent ſeemeth
to be joyous, but grievans ; nevertheleſſe afterward-th yeeldeth the feaveable frut of righteouſ
welſe unto them Wwhich-are exerciſed therthy : for that very day I found. my inward man;
quiet and peaceable with a. full and-rorall ſubmiſſion unto rhe - holy will of God:}
which I defired, might be donein carth,-inthe Sea, and performed and obeyed by me
at that preſenr,. as it.is-alwayes done-inheavemn;/ Andalthough! ahis was my beſt 'and
chief comfort, yet fromthe creature by the Creatgrs permiſſion Thad allo. lotne com
fort left in a fewr- piſtols,; Jome ſingle.,, ſome:- double , which-1;had ſowed-up-in
my._ Quilt ( which the Captain reſtored unto- me, faying it'was-the bedlay in) and;
in the doublet which T had at that- preſent , which-mounted: to; almoſt a-chouſand
Crowns, and in their ſearching was not found 'ont.. Afrer the Captain-'and: Soul-,
diers had well viewed their- prize; they thought of refreſhing their ſtomachs with ſome
of our proviſion.; the. good Caprain- made' a tately dinner 19/0ur Frigat, and:invited
me unto it,, and knowing-that Iwas going rowardsthe Havana, beſides many-other
brindj's or healths., he-drank-one-ufito his morher, defiring)meto- ſeeher, and tore-
member:him unto. her, and how. that for her ſake he had uſed me well-and-courte-
oufly in: what he could;. and: further-ar' Table he faid that for .my ſake -he' would
give us our Frigat that we-might. return again to-land,, and thar Imight finbout from-
thence ſome ſafer way and means to get to Portobello, and to continue on tny journey un-
to Spain.  After dinner T conferred with the Caprain alone, androld himthatTwas no.
Spaniard; but an Gagliſs man botn, ſhewing him theLicencewhich I had from Rometo

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

190 C ;4 Nez; Sur;Z)e)l bfihe Weſt-lndies.

go to England, and that therefore T hoped, not being of an enemy nation ro the
Hellanders, he would reſtore unto me what goods were mine.  Bur all this was of lictle
conſequence with him, who had already taken poſſeſſion ofmine and all other goods
in the ſhip : he'rold me I muſt ſuffer with thoſe; amongft whom I was found, and that
I mighr as well claimeall the goods in the ſhip for mine. Ideſired him then to carry me
along with him to Ho#ard, that from thence I mighr get to_Eng/and, which alſo he re-
fuſed todo, telling methat he went about from one place to another, and knew not
when he ſhould goto Hollard,, andthar he was daily ready to fight with any Spaniſs
ſhip, andifhe ſhould fight with the Spariards whillt T was in his ſhip, his ſouldiers in
their hor bloud might be ready to: do mea miſchief, thinkingT would do them barm, if
in fight they ſhould be taken by the Spaniards. With theſe his anſwers I ſfaw there was no
hope of 'getting again what nowwas loſt , therefore (as before) Icommended my ſeſf
again to Gods providence and protection. The Souldiers and Mariners of the Hilland
ſhip, made haſt that afrernoon, to.unlode the goods of our Frigar into their Man of war,
which took them up thar, and part of the next day, whileft we as Priſoners were wafting
up and down the Sea with them. And whereas we thought our money had farisfied
them enough, and tothe full, we found the nextday thar they had alſo 'a ftomach ro our -
fowles -and Bacon, and wanted our- Meal to make them bread,; and our hony to fweeten
their mouths, and'our Hydes for ſhooes and boots ; all which they took away, leaving -
me my Quilt, Books, and brafſe pictures, and'to the Mafter of the frigat ſome ſmall
provition, as much'as might carry us 'to land, which was not far off, and thus they
rook their leaves of us;thanking us for their good entertainment.  And we weary of
ſach guefts; ſome praying to God thar they might never entertain the like again, ſome
curſing*chem all, and eſpecially the' Mularro to hell, calling him Renegado ; ſome thank-
ing God fortheir lives which were given them for a prey, we all returned again to
FSwere from whence we had'ſet out, - and going up the River; were almoſt like to be caft
away, andloſe our lives, after wehad loſt our goods. When we'came to land, the Spa-
#iards"about the Conntrey pitied our caſe, and helped us with almes gathering a Col-
letion for 'us, 'Thethree Sparid#dcof my company loſt all their money and moſt of
their beſt clothes, yet they had reſerved ſome bils of Exchange for mony to be be taken
up at Portobello; whichT wiſhed T hadalfo for what T had loft. For the preſent we knew
not what courſe totake ; we thought of going to' Rio de Jos Anzyelos , but wewere in-
formedthar certainly thefrigats there were either-gone, or would be gone before we
could get- thither ; and if they ſtayed. not -with the newes of the Hollanders ſhipsar ſea,
they either already were'or would betheir prize, as we had been. We reſolyed therefore
with the charitable aſſiſtance of the ?aniard: about the Countrey to return again
to Carthago; and from thence to rake ſome better diretions. In the way we conferred
what we had faved, the Spaniards bragged yet of their bils of Exchange, which would
yeeld them moneyat Carthago, T would not let chem know wharT had faved, but ſome-
what T'told them T had kept ; and we agreedall the waywe went to ſignifie nothing
bur poverty and miſery, that the Jadiaxs and Spaniards in the way might pity and
commiſerate us', and'our great” loſſes. - When' we came to Carthago we were indeed
muck /pitied,, and* Colletions were made” for us; and as it was expected from me,
that T ſhould fing again at the Alrars(who truely could rather have cried to ſee and
confider my many misfortunes and dyſaſters, which I defired might ar laſt by a fafe re-
turnto' Exg/and, prove the trials of the faith-I intended to ſearch out) and that I
ſhould preach whereſoeverT came ; ſo'by theſe two wayes, of ſinging and of hudling
over Dominus vobiſcum and the. reſt of the Maſſe, and by accepting of what Sermons )
were recommended unto me, Tbegan again to ſtore my ſelf with monies. Yet L knew bud
that inſuch a poor Countreyas that was, whereT was little known, Icould not poſlibly Im
getenough-to bring me home 'with credit into Eygland; and therefore the cunning
enemy finding me to ſtandupon my credir, began ſtrongly to tempt me to recurn again Vicky
to Gaatemala ( where T doubted not but I ſhould be weicomed and entertained by my fim
friends) and to ſettle 'my felf there, untill T had again by facriſegious, baſe,' ſaperſti- R
tious, and idolatrous means, and works, madeup a new'purſeto returnwith credit l
kome. P
But I perceiving that God already had ſhewed himſelf angry, and juſtly takenfrom thes
me, what by unlawfull means Thad intwelve years obtained, bad Satan avaunt pur-
, poling

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

   
  

_— ANewSmoyef the Weledics

poling never moreto return to the flefh pors'of Z25pr, and ro goſtill home-wards £
though in the way T-did beg my bread, Yer (left lſſflighc be ſuTpecteldb;i'nnSn\gvl?l:!ſieſſ
S[ſſmiurd;, anc}i croubled iſior nor exercifings my orders and fundtion) Trefolyed to take
wharas to a ſtranser and rraveller for preaching or any 6 Kerciſe mi q
oE S p s or any other exertiſe might be offered

Thus with conrage reſolving to go on ſtill towards E2g/ad, Tenquiredat Carrhago
which way I might get to Porrobello. Bur this door of hope was faſt ſhar up; tho{]s?h
mytrulſt in Gods providence was not weakened TIn this ſeafon , there came 0 Cap-
thago ſfome two or three hundred Mules unſadledor untoaden with ſome Spantards, Iy-
cians and Black-%ores , from the parts of Comayagra , and Guatemalato convey tixern
to Panama by land, over"the mountains of Yeragza there to beſfold. Thisis the year®
iy and only trading by land, which Guaremala, CoOmpayagna , and Nicaraoua , hath
witþh Panama ouer that narrow 1/hms lying between the North, and Sourh ſea
which is very dangerous by reaſon of the cragsy wayes, rocks, and mountains but
more eſpecially, by reaſon of many Heathens, Barbarians and fayage people which as
12t are not conquered by the Spaniards, and fomerimes do great hurt and miſchiet, and
kilt thoſe that with Mules paſſe through their Conncrey, elpecially if they miſdemean
themſelves or pleaſe ther not well. Yer for 'alf rhele difficulties, Iwas etitertaining a
thought to g0 along with thoſe Mules and Spanr2zd;, which were now '0n their way Zl,ay
land ro Panama. The three Spaniards were half of the fame tnind; bur the providence of
God who betrer ordereth and diſpoſerh mans affaires rhen he himſelf, difappointed
theſe our thoughts for our goodand fafery, as after we wereinformed ; for we heard
for certain at Nzcoya, that ſome ofthoſe Mules and Spanrard; were killed by the Barba-
rians and favage 1ndians, amongſt whom my life might have, been loſt, if T had atrem-
pred thar hard and dahgerous journey ; from which -many well-wiſhers at Cazrhago did
diſſnade me, both for the danger ofthe 73d:ays, and for the difficulties of the ?vayesſi
and mountains,which they told me the weakneffe 6f iny body would neyer indure. After
we had wholly deſiſted from this land journey, the be(%, counnſe!l, that we had'from ſome
Merchants our friends; was to try whether 27aydet Zr, of che South fea, would fayour
our deſigne and journey, better thenthe 27a7 de/ Norre, or the North ſea had doniewho
wiſhed us to g0 to Nreva, and from'thence to ©hijy, and ro the Golfo de Satizas, where
they doubted not but we ſhould find ſhipping to_P2y4ma. We were willing to follow
any good adviſe and counſel;yer we knew thar this wasthe laſt ſhift which we could make
and the no plus ultra of out hopes, and that if herewe ſhould be difappointed; we coul
expe& no other way ever to get to Payatia,except we ſhould venture our lives moſt de-
ſperately over the Mountains of Ve7agua, and by lind without any guide or company
through the Countrey' of the Barbarians, (Who before had flain ſome Spuriards paſling
that way).or elſe ſhould return again, all the way that we had come, to Keatejo, where
our hopes might be fruftrated, and peradventure tio ſhipping found for Panama, with-
out a years waiting forit.

We reſolved therefore to follow this our friends counſell, and to go yet to Nicoa;
and from thence to Gelfo de Salinas, where laughing, T told the three Spaziards of my
company thart if we were difappointed, we would like Hezrzles ſer up .a Pillar to e-
rernize our fame, with our names, and this infcription upon it, No# plus Virra, for
that beyondit there was no other Port, Haven, or place, to take ſhippins to Panama;
neither could any man have done inore (nor ever didany Eng/;f man in that Coun-
trey do mote then my felfe) then we had done, bur eſpecially my ſelfe, who from
Moxco hadehus travelled by land to Nco9a at leaft fix hundred leagnes,, or cighteen
hundred F-gih miles ſtraight from Nort—l{co South, befides what T hadtravelled from
Vira Cruz to Mexico, and from Giatemala to Vera Paz, and to Paertode Cavallos, of
Golfo dulee, and from thence to T74xills, and from rhence back again to Guatermala,
iwhichwas at leaft thirteen or fourteen hundred E-g/zfe miles more, which Tthought to
eternizeupon A pillar at Nicoya. Bur what there was not ereced, Ihope here ſhall be
eternized, and that this my true and faithfull Hiftory ſhall be a Monument of three
thouſand, and three hundred miles travelled by an Z22//5 man, within the main land of
America, beſides other ſea navigationsto Panama, from Portovel tO Carthagena,and from
thence unto the Havana. The way which we travelled from Carthago to Nicoya was very
thountainous, hard, and unpleaſanr, for we mer with few Eſtantia's of Spaniaras, and few

Tedian Towns, and thoſe very poor, ſmall,andall of dejetted and wretched people. Yet
N3coy4

7191

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92 A New Survey of the Weſt-Indies.

- D R -

 

Nicoya isa pretty Town; and head of a Spaziſh government, where we found one 7uſto de &
Salazar, Alcalde Maior, who entertained us very well, and provided lodgings for usfor m
the time that we ſhould abide there, and comforted us with hopefull words, chat though th
for the preſent there was no ſhip or frigatin the Golfe of $4/74as, yet he doubred nor, ſe
but very ſhortly one would come from Panama thither, for Salt and other commodi- d
ries,as yearly they were wont. Therime of the year when we came thither, was a fittime too
for me to get again ſome monies after my great loſſe ; for it was in Lent which is the Fry- int
ers chiefeſt harveſt, who (asT haye before obſerved) then by. Confeſlions and by giving is1
the Communion get many mony offerings. isſ
- The time, and the Franciſcan Fryer who had the Paſtorſhip and charge of. that -" » qd
Town; were both very commodiousunto me, who could not refuſe as long as I ſtayed J
thereto exerciſe my function, leſtT ſhould bringa juſt cauſe of ſuſpicion and aſperfion othe
upoh my felf. The Fryer of the Town was a Portingal, who about three weeks before my Hon
coming thither had hada very great bickering and Rrife with 7»fo de Salazar the Alcalde Par
Maior, for defending the Judians, whom Salazar did grievoully oppreſſe, employing thee
themin his, and his wives ſervice as {laves, and not paying them whart for the fweat of - ſoon
their browes, was due. unto. them, and commanding them to be from their home and "
from their wives, and from.their Church upon the Sabbath, working for him as well ſhſi
that, day.asany other. Which the Fryer not enduring, charged themin the Palpir, not ibi
ro obey any fuch unlawfull commands from their Alcalde Maior. But Tuſto de Salazar ,(ſſ,ſſeſiſſſſ\-

(vho_had been trained upin wars and fighting, and had ſeryed formerly in the Caſtle
of Mila) thought it a great diſparagement unto him, now to be._curbed by a Fryer,and
by ſuchaoneto be interrupted inhis government of the dians, andin the wayes of M
his. own lucre and gain. - Therefore after many bitter words and defiances, which had ct

aſſed between him and the Fryer, he came one day reſolutely to the Fryers houſe,
with his ſword drawn., and certainly had not the Fryer been aftiſted by ſome of the
Tadians, he had killed him. The Fryer being as hot- as he, and fanding upon his calling,
Orders and Prieſthood, preſuming that he durſt not touch him' violently, left his pri-
viledge ſhould bringan excommunication upon the ſtriker and offendour, would nor yad.
flie from him, but dared him boldly ; which wasa ſtrong provocation to Salazars hear
and paiſjon, and cauſed him to lifr up his ſfword, and aime his blow and Rroke at the
Fryer, which fell ſo_unhappily thar with it he ſtruck, offtwo ofthe Fryers fingers, and
had undoubredly ſeconded another blow more hurtfull and dangerous to- the Fryer,,
had nort the: Zndians interpoſed themſelves, and ſhut up their Prieit into his. chamber.
7uſto was for this ation excommunicated, yet for that he was a man of high authority,
be ſoon. got off his, excommunication from the Biſhop- of Coſftarica, and fent his com-
plaint to. the Chancery of Gzatemala againſt the Fryer, wherewith friendsaud money
he doubted not but to evercome the Mendicant Prielt, as it happened. after ; for (as ſſ
I was informed) he cauſed the Fryer to beſent for up to the Court, and there prevailed W

 

 

fo much againſt him, that he gor him to be removed from Njcopa. In this ſeaſon the our'y
Fryer-kept his houſe and chamber, and would by no means go out to the Church, cicher Unte
ro ſay Mafle, orto preach, or hear Confeſtions, (all.which that time of the year did fail
require, ofhim) but had gor one to help him.; who-alone not being. able ro;performe wher
ſo great achar%e of many hundred Tydians, Spaniards, Black:mores , and Mulatto's, Ourl
who from the'Countrey without, ard from the Town. within expeCted ro have their begar
Confeſſions heard, their ſins abſolved, the word preached, and the Communion to be kubbc

given them ; hearing of my coming deſired meto afliſt and help him, and that for
my painsI ſhould haye my meat and drink at his rable , and a-Crown daily for every
* Maſfe, and whatſoever elſe the people ſhould yoluntarily offer, beſides the Sermons, Use
which ſhould be well rewarded unto me.  I ftaiedinthis Town from: the ſecond week n0:4h
of Lent untill Eaſter.week, where what with three Sermons at ten Crownes a peece, Anch
what with my daily ſtipend and many other offerings, I got about an hundred and - toped
fifty Crowns. : ldeup
The week before Eaſter newes came of a frigat from Panama to Golfo de Salinas - adin
which much comforted, us, who already began to miſtruſt the delay.The Maſter of the
frigat came to Nicoza, which isas Court thereabout ; and with him the three Spax;- UOrne!
uiards and my ſelt}agreed for our paſſageto Pauama. About Chira, Gulfo de Salizuas, and cOmnz
Niceya, there are ſome farmes of Spaniards, few and very {mall /-d;ax Towns , who }
are all-like ſlaves employed by the Alcalde. Maior, to make him a kind of thred called ta&,
Pitz, |

  
A New Sur WL)' of the Weſt-Indies. *19—3\

—

 

Pira which-isa very rich Commodity in Spaiz; efpecially 'ofthat colour wherewith/ic 19
dyedintheſe parrs of N5coja, which is a purple colour ; for the which the'1z4;47+are here
much charged ro work abour the Sea ſhore; and chere co find out certain ſhels;wherewith
they make this [purple die!!? Parpzraiss kind of ſhell fiſb; whoſe uſuall len eth of life is
ſeven years;he hides himſelfeabout the rifing ofthe: Dog-ftar and fo continues for 3oſio'
dayes, it is gathered in the' Spring time,and bya mutuallrubbing of one ororher: of them
rogether; theyyeelda kind of thick flimelikerſoft| wax, bur'irs famous die forgarmentsis
itthe month'of the fiſh, and:the moſt refinedjuyce isinawhite vein; the reft 'of his body
is yoidand ofno uſe : Your Segovia cloth-died therewith for the richneſſe of-rhe colour
is ſoldar fiveor {ix poundthe yard, and uſedonly by the greateſt Dozs. of Spaiy, and in
ancient 'time-only worn byithe Nobleſt Rowans, and called bythename of 7 ]rim,z Parple
There arealſo ſhelsfor:other colours, which are not knownto be fo plentifully-in anyſiv
other place ashere:' About- Chira and. Golfo de' Salinas the chief commodities are 'Salr;
Hony, Maiz, ſome Wheat and Fowles,which every.year rhey ſend by ſome few-Frigats to
Panama, which from thence come 0n purpoſeto: ferch chemwith this'purple' coloured
thred, or Pira,' which Thave ſpoken of. The Frigat which came whenT was there, was
ſoon ladenwith theſe Commodities, andwithir we'ſer out hoping to have been at Pans-
74 within five or ſix dayes:” Butas often before wehad been croſſed, ſo likewiſe in this
ſhort paſſage we were ſttivingwith the -Wind;'Sea, and- Corrientes, as they are.called
(whichare ſwift ftreamsas of a River) four fullweeks. After the firſt day that we ſet our;
wewere driven witha: wind and ſtorme towards Perz, tillwe came under the very fflqui-ſſ
noRiall line, where what with exceſlive heat, what wich mighty ſtormes, we utterly des
ſpaired of life. But after one week that-wehad thus runtowards death, it pleaſed God in'
whom andby whom- all creatures live, moye, and have rheir being, to. comfort usagain
with hopes of life, ſending us@ proſperons gale, which droveus out ofthat /AFiquinottiall
hear, and tormy Sea, towards the Ilands of Petlas,and Paerta de' Chame, lying on the
South ſide of the Mountainspf Veragse , from whence we hoped within two dayesat the
moſt to beatreſt and Anchor it-Panama.2 Bur yer: theſe our hopes' were: fruftrated, for
there our wind was calmed, and we fell uponthoſe ftrong Corrientes or ſtreams, which
drave us back in the night for the ſpace of almoſt a fortnight-as much as we had ſailed im
theday.' Had not Godagaineen mercifull-hereunto us, we had certainly periſhed in
this our ſtrivingwith the ttream ;* for although we wanted nor proviſion of food, yer our
drink failed us40, that for four dayes we tafted neither drop- of wine or water, 'or any
thing thar might quench-ourthir{t,ſave onlya lictle hony which we found did cauſe more
thirſt in. us, which made me and ſome othersro drink our own Urine, andto refreſh our
mouthes wirth: peeces of lead bullers, which did for a while refreſh, but would not long
haye ſufficed Nature, had-not Gods good-Proyidence ſentus ſuch a wind which in the
day drave usquite off fromthoſe Corrientes. Our firft thoughts were then to ſtrike either
to the Continent, or ſome Ifland of many'which were about us to ſeek for water,finding:
our bodiesweakand languiſhing; which the Captain of the Ship would by no means yeeld
unto, afſuring us thar that day he would land'us/at Panama; but we not being able to
fail on without drink, unleſſe we ſhould yeeldro have our dead and not live bodies landed:
where he promiſed, thought it no good purchaſe though we might buy- all Payama with:
our lives, which we judged. could not hold ont: another day ; and ſeeing thar the wind
began ro ſlacken, weall required him to-firike into ſome Ifland for water ; which he
{ubbornly refuſed and denyed-to do ; whereupon the three Spaniards and ſome of the
Mariners mutined againſt himwith drawn Swords;threatning to kill him if he betook not
himſelf preſently to ſome Ifland; The good Mafter thought it bad ſport to fee Swords at
his breaſt,, and ſo. commanded his Ship to be tnrned to two or three' Iflands, which were
no: aboye two or three houres fail from us.. When we drew nigh unto them, we'caſt out
Anchor, and our Cock-boar, atid happy was he that could firſt caſt himſelf into it to be
rowed to land to fill his belly with water. * The firſt Iſland we landed upon, was on that
ſide unhabitable, where we ſpent much time running toand fro, over-heating our ſelves
and increafing our thirſt ; thus whilſt one ran one way, and another tryed another to
find our ſome fountain, our hopes being fruſtrated andT loſt in the Wood, and tny ſhooes
torne from my feer, with ſtony rocks, and many thornes and buſhesin other places; my
company betook themſelves to the Cock-boat to tryanother Iſland,leaving me alone;and
loft in the Wood ; out of which ar laſt when{ came, and found the Cock-boat gone fro
the ſhoar, I began to conſider my ſelfa dead man, thinking that they had found watet

» and

 

 

 
 

 

194. - A F*ſi(ſſgw Survey of the Weſt-Indies.

 

and were gone to Ship, and'nor finding me would hoiſe up their failes for Panama. Thus
being dejected Icryed out to the Ship, whichT perceived-could not poltibly hear my
weak voyce,and running up and down the Rocks ro ſee if Icoulddiſcover the Cock-boar,
I perceived it was not with the Ship, and eſpied at the next Iſland. With this beganto
hope better things of them, that they would call for me when they had'gotren water ;
fo tcame down from the Rocks to the plajn ſhore, whereT found 4 ſhate of trees and
amongſt them ſome berries (which might have been poiſon; for I knew them not) where-
with I refreſhed my mouth for awhile; butmy body ſo burned that Ithoughr there with
heat, weakneſſe and faintneſſeT ſhould haveexpired and givenup the ghoſt; I thought
by tripping my ſelf naked and going into'the'Sea unto my neck, T might thus refreſh my
body, which I did, and coming our again intothe ſhade, I fellinto a deep fleep;inſo much
that the Cock-boat coming for me, and the'company hollowingunto me, T awaked not ,
which made them fear that Twas dead or lofſt ; till landing, one fearchedfor me one way;
and another another, andſothey found me, who might havebeen a prey to ſome wild
Beaft, or flept-till the Frigat had gone away, and-ſo have periſhedina barret-and unha.
bitable Iſland. When they awaked me, Tiwas glad to ſee my good company, and the firſt
thing Tenquired for, was, if they had gotany water ; they bad me be of good cheer and
ariſe; for they had water enough, and Orangesand Lemmons from another Ifland, where
they met with Spaniards that did inhabie it-rT made haſte withthem to the Boat, andno
ſooner was Tentred into it, but they gave me to:drinkas much as Iwould. The watcr was
warme and unſetled, for they could not take it up ſo but that they took of the'gravelland
borrome of the Fountain, which madeit look very muddy ; yet for all this (asthough my
life had depended upon it) I' drank up a whole pot of it ; which no ſooner had drank, buc
ſach was the weakneſle of my ſtomach that itpreſently caſt irup again not being ableto

bear it. With this they Wiſhe_d metoeat an Orange or a Lemmon ; but them alfo did my,
ſtomach rejeR ; ſoto our Frigat we went, andin the way I fainted fo thar the company -

verily thought I would die, before we got aboard. When wecamethither I called again
for water, which was no ſooner down my ſtomach, but preſently up again ; they had me
ro bed with a burning Feaver upon me; where I lay that night expeRting nothing bur
death, and that the Sea ſhould be my grave.

The Maſter of the Ship ſeeing the wind was turned, began to be much troubled, and
feared that with that wind he ſhould never get to'Panama. He reſolved to ventureupon'
away, which never before he hadtryed; which was, to'ger berween the two Iflands
which we had ſearched for water, knowing that the wind,which on this fide was contrary,
onthe other ſide of the Hlands would be tayourable unco him. Thus towards the evening
he took up Anchor and hoiſed up his failes, and reſolved to paſle his Frigat berween the
ewo Iflands ; which how dangerons and deſperate an attempt it was, the event witneſſed.
Tayinthis ſeaſon (asT may truly fay) uponmy death-bed, not regarding which way the
Maſter of the Ship, or fortune carried me, ſd that the mercy of the Lord carryed my ſoul
to heaven. No ſooner had the Frigat ſteered her courſe betweenthe narrow paſſage of
thetwo Iflands, when being carried with the ſtream too much to the one ſide of rhe
landitranupona Rock; ſothat the very ſtern was lifted up, andalmoſt caft our of the
Pilots hands, who cryed out, not to God, but unto the Virgin Mary, faying, Ayudad woe
Virgin Santiſſima, que ſi 10 aq# nos perecemos, help us, O molt holy Virgin, for it not,here
we periſh.  This, and the outcry ofall that were inthe Frigat gaveunto me an Alarm of
death, from the which yet it pleaſed God by the means and diligence of the painfull
Mariners to deliver me and all the Company, for with much ado moſt part ofthat night
they haled from the Cock-boar the Frigat off from the Rock, after the ftream had made
it three ſeverall times to ſtrike uponit. After a very troubleſome nightin the morning we

got our little ſhip out ofall danger and from between the two Iflands on the other fide
of them, where we failed proſperouſly towards Panama. That morning my ſtomach re-
covered ſome of its loſt ſtrength, andT began to.eat and to drink, and to walk about, re-
Joycing much to ſee thoſe pleaſant Iſlands which we failed by. In the Eyening we got to'
Pwerto de Perico.; where we caſt Anchor, expeCting to be ſearched in the morning; but
that night (the Maſter of our Ship having gone to ſhoar) the wind turned and blew ſo
Rrong that we loſt our Anchor, and were driven back almoſt to 14 Pacheque and feared
we ſhould be carried ont into,the Ocean again o far that we ſhould with great diſficul-
ty get to Pazama. But that God whom the Sea and winds do obey,turned again that con-
trary windinto a proſperous gale, wherewith we came once more unto Perice ; andbeing

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-*__-\,ſſ'_f*ſſſi'fctctſi— - m ————

A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies, 1958 P

ſea_rcþed we went.0n wlch fulllail to Payama; being neer the Port andWithour an Ans |
chorin our ſhip the wind once-more blew us back, and-had not the Shig-mafſter ſent us. an 't!
Anchqr, we had-gone again ro. Pacheque or further. But with that Anchor we ſayed all L
that night at Perico, wondring among our ſelvesthat ſo many croſles ſhould befall us;eb. |
made ſome_ſay thatwewere bewitched ; others, that certainly there was amongſt us i'omc' ||
excommunicared perſon, whom they ſaid if they knew of, chey would hurl him over bord: (

|

 

Whulſt they were inthis diſcourſe, rhe wind-rurned yet again, and we levying.ouranchor
went ONn t0 Panama,whither it pleaſed God tharrime fafely to conduct us in. Ibeing now l
we_ll_ſtrcngthn_ed mſſade no ftayinthar frigar, which Irhought would:have; been my. laſt l
abiding place in this world, but went to land and betook my felf to the Cloiſter of the l
Dominicans, where Lſtayed almoſt fifreen daysviewing andreviewing chat City; whichis l
governed like Guatemala by aPreſidentand fix Judges, anda Courtof Chancery, and:is *{
aBiſhops ſea. It, hath-more ſtrength, cowards the- South ſea, then- any other. Port |
which'on that ſide- Thad ſeen, and fome Ordinances plantedfor the defence of it;; but ift
the houſes are of theleaſtſtrength;ofany place thatThad-entredin; for lime: and ſiſtone' l
ishard-to come by, and therefore for that reaſon,- and for the great heat there, moſt! of '
the houſes are. built of timber and bords ; the Preſidents houlſe, nay the beſt Church wals i
are but bords, which ſerve for ſtone and brick, andfor tilesto cover the top. The hear' is l
ſo extraordinary-that @linnen cut doubler, with ſome {lighr ſtuffe or raffety breeches, is l
the common.cloathins ofthe.inhabitants., . Fiſh, fruits. andherbage for fallets is. more l
plentifull rhere then fleſh,; the cool-water of the Cocoisthe womens: beſt drink, though [f
Chocolattealſo, andmuch Wine from Perabevery abounding. The Spaniardgare inthis {l
Ciry. much given to {in, looſeneſſeand venery eſpecially,who make the Black-mores,(who 'l
aremany, rich.and gallant) the chiefobjects oftheir luſt. It is held to be one of thericheſt l
places.in all America, having by landand by the'river Chiagre commerce with the North
ſea,and by the;South,  trading with all Perz, Eaſft-Dadia's, Mexicoand Hondaras: Thither
is brought the chief treaſure of Pery in two or three great ſhips, which lie at anchor at
Poerto de Pericolome three leagues from: the City; for the great ebbing, ofthe ſeaar that
place eſpecially, ſuffereth nor any great veſſell tocomencerer, where dayly the ſea ebs ;
and-fals away from-the City two or three miles, leaving a mud, which is rhought to. cauſe i
muchunhealthinefſe.ia that place, being ſeconded with many: other muddy. and: mooriſh (
placesabour rhe Town,. It. conſiſteth of ſome five thouſand inhabitants, and maintaineth
at leaſt.eight Cloiſters of Nuns and Fryers. I feared-much the heats, andtherefore madeas 10
much haft ous ofit as Icould: Lhad myichoice-of company by landiand water to Portobello: \f
But. conſidering the hardnefſe of the-mouncains by;tand, I refolved ro. go by the river
Chiagre ; and fo at midnight I ſer out from-Panarmato Yenta de Cruzes, which is ten or
twelye leagues from it. Theway is thither yery plainfor the moſt parr, and pleaſant inthe
morningand evening. \
Beforeten of the clock we got to Yenta.de Cruzes, wherelive none but fulatro's and
Black-mores, who' belong unto' the flat boats'thar- carry, the merchandize: to- Portobel;
There I had yery. good entertaintment by that people, who defired' me to_preach unto
themthenext Sabbarh day,and gaye me twenty Crownsfor a Sermon, and proceſtion,
After; five. dayes .of my. abode there, the. boats ſer out , which were much ſtop ped
in their paſſege down the River; for in ſome-places we found the water -very low ,

 

ſo thar-the boats ran;upon the gravell ;\ from whence with poles and the ftrength of

the Blackmores they were to belifted off again ; ſometimes again we met with ſuch fireams ſſ L
that carried us with the fwiftneſſe- of an arrow down under trees and boughs by. the, u
river ſide, which, ſometimes alſo ſtopped us till we- had cut down great: branches - of 3E

trees. Had not it pleaſed Godto ſend us after the firſt week plentifull rain, which
made'the water.run down from the mountains and fill the river-(which otherwiſe
of it. ſelf is very. ſhallow.) : we-miht have hada tediousand longer paſſage ; butafter
twelye dayes we gor-to the ſea, andat the point landedat the Caftle to refreſhour ſelves
for half a day. Certainly the Spaxiards truſt to the ſtreamesand ſhallowneſle of that
river, which they think will keep off any forain nation, from attempting to come up
to Yenta de Cruzes and from thence-to Panama, or elſe they would firengrhen more
and fortifie that Caftle, which in.my time wanted great reparations, and was ready to
fall down to the ground. .The Governour of the Caſtle was a notable Wine-bibber , '
who, plyed us with thar liquor the time that we ſtayed there, and wanting a Chaplain ſſi
for himſelf, and Souldiers, would fain baye had me Rtaied. with him ; but greater \ſſ

$ 2 MALLCrS F

 
 

A ee ennoeng em CSn PotEE Ite em B TCRA Cn r n en n emn dn

- 196 A New Survey of the Weſt-Indies.

 

matters called me further, and ſo Itook my leave of him, who'gave us ſome dainties 0 |

freſh meat, fiſh, and-conſerves, and ſo diſmiſſed us. © We” got out' to. the open'Sea, » y
diſcovering firit 'the Eſexds d Veragza, and keeping ſomewhat cloſe unto the land; we ct
went 0n rowing towards Porrobet, wll the evening, "which was Saturday night 5 then we 0
caſt anchor behinda firtle Tfhand, refolvingin the morning to-enter-into Porrobel.) The o
Blackmores all that night kept watch for fear of Hol/anders,* whom they faid did'often k
lie in wait thereabouts for the boars of Chiagre; butwe. paſſed thenight ſafely;and nexr/ al
morning got to Porrobells, whoſe haven we obſerved to'be yery ſtrong,-with rwo Caftles l
atthe mouth, andconſtant watch withinthem, and another called $5. 225guet farther in' l
the Port. : A9356 - : H

When I came into the Haven, T was/ſorry to ſee thatas yer the Galeons'werenor pe
come from Spaiz, knowing thatthelongerl ſtayedinthat place;-greater would-bemy (01
charges. Yet 1 comforted my felf that thetime of the year was'come, and thit they M
could not long delay their-coming.; My firit thoughts were of *taking up a lodging, cur
which at that time were plentifull andcheap, nay'ſomewere offered'me' for nothing, td
with this caveat,) that whenthe Galeonsdid come,'T muſt either leave them, or pay a the

dear rate for/ them. 'A kinde Gentleman, who: was the ” Kings Treaſurer, falling in
diſcourſe with me, promiſed to helpme, chat I might be-cheaply lodged even when the
ſhaps came, and lodgings were at the higheſt rate. - He, interpoling his authority;went
with meto ſeck one, which at: the time-of the Fleets being there, might continusto be
mine. -It wasno bigger then would: contain Bed,a Table, anda'Stool-or two, With
roomenough belidesto open and ſhut the dore, -and they demanded-of meifor it,
during-the foreſaid time of the Fleer, ſixſcore Crowns, which commonly is a f6tthight.
For the Town, being little, and the! Souldiers that come-with the Galeons' for their
defence ar leaft four or five thouſand;"belides Merchants from Pery, from Spkjy; and
many other-places to_buy-and ſell,-is-the cauſe 'that every room, 'though! 'tieves. fo
ſmall, bedear ; and ſowetimes all 'the-lodgings in the Town are few enough for ſo
many people, which at that time do meet at Porcobel.\* T knew a Merchant who gavea
thouſand Crowns for a ſhop of reaſonable bigheſſe;-to ſell*his 'waresand commodiries
thar yeer that T was there, forfifteendayes only, which-the Fleetcontinued to'bein
that. haven.' - Tthought(itmuch for me to give the ſixcore Crowns which were 'derians
ded of 'me for aroom,” which was but a'Mouſe-hole, and began to be'troubled;and told
the Kings Treaſurer that Thad been larelyrobbedatsSea,” and-was not- able' to Sive'ſo
much, and: be beſides atcharges for.my c?i,et,-\ whichT feared would prove as much more.
But not afarthing would be abatedof/whar was asked ; whereupon the good Treaſu-
rer pitying me, offered to theman of the houſetopayhimthreeſcore Crowns: of it; if
fſo be that T was able to' pay-the'reſt;/ which 1 muſt doe, 'or- elſe lie- without in-che
ftreet. Yettill the Fleer did come, Twould not enterinto this dear hole, but accep-
ted ofanother fair lodging which was offered me for nothing.” - Whileſt Ithus expected
the Flects coming, ſome money and offerings I got' for Maſſes; and for two Sermons
whichT-preachedat fiftee»Crownsa piece. TI viſitedthe Cafſtles, which indeed {eemed
unto meto be very ſtrong ; butwhat moſt Lwondredat was to: feethe requa's ofMitles
which came thicher from' Payama, laden' with wedges* of filver; 'in one day-T'told
two hundred Mules, laden with"nothing elſe, which were unladen in the publick"Mar- '
ket-place, ſo'thatthere the heaps of-ſilver wedgeslay like heaps'6f ſtonesin the' Rreer,
without any fear or ſuſpicion of being loſt. ” Within-ten dayes the Fleet came; confifting
of eighrGaleons, andten Merchants ſhips,which forced me to run to my hole. Tewas a
worider then to fee the multitude of-peoplein thoſe ftreets which the week before:had
been empty, - - 03S
Then began the'price of all things to riſe,”a fowltobe worth twelveRials, which in
the main land within T had often bouglitfor one ; A porind of beef then was worth two
Rials, whereasThad had in other places"thirteen pound. for half a'Rial, and fo- of all
orther foodand proviſion, which was fo' exceſlive dear; that I knew/nor how' to live

 

 

 

bur-by fiſhiand Tortoiſes, which there are very many;] and though ſomewhat deat}yet @
were the cheapeſt meat that I couldeat: - It was /worth ſeeing how Merchatits *{614 Ploſ
their commodities, not by the Ell or Yard; ' but by the' Piece/and Weight, not paying Pm
in-coyned -pecces of money, but in Wedges, which were weighed andtaken for commo- Vrifie
dirtes.  This lafted- bur fitteen dayes, whileſt the Galeons were' lading with Wedges of 0n (1
filver, and nothing elſe ; fothar for thoſe fiſteen dayes, I dare boldly fay and avorch, ther 9
that Pnan;

 
 

 

A NewSurvey of the WeſtJndics, 197

 

thatintheworld thereisno greater Fair then that of Porrobel ; »
ſiſih?{;{ſtfi'] a&ud ghoſe \Rfif Pern,/Paniama, and other parts chcreabi);nl:.ctwem oos O
ileſt thistraffick was, irhappened untome thar which Thaye for i i
myRecantarion Sermonat Pauls Church, whichif by thar means it h;ſi;zr:igttcflſizzinzg
the }gnowledge of many; Idefire again to record itin this my Hiſtory, that to all Z-o
landitmay be publiſhed; which was, that one day faying Maſſe in the chicf Churſſz%ct
after the Conlecration of the/bread, being with my eyes ſhut at that mentall pra rerſiſſ
which /the Church of Rowe calleth rhe 2demento for their dead, there came from [Eehi}nd;
the ;\karaMou_ſe, which running abour, came to the very bread ot Wafer-god of the
Fapiſts, andrakingirinhis mouth, ran away with it, nor being perceived by any of the
people who were at Maſſe, for that the Altar was high, by reaſon of the ſteps goingu
roir, and the people farbeneath. Burtas ſoonasT opened my eyesro go on with ms
Maſſe, andperceived my God ſtolnaway, Tlookedabour the Altar and ſayy the Moule
running away withit ; which ona ſudden did fo ftupifie me, rhat T knew not well what
co do orſay,; andcalling my witsrogerher, Ithoughr thatif Iſhould rake no notice of
the miſchance, and any body elſe inthe Church ſhould, Imight juſtly be queſtioned by
the Inquiſition; bur if Tſhould call to the people ro ſook for the Sacrament,chen Tmighr
be'bur chid and rebuked for my careleſſeneſſe,, which of the two I thougixt wouldbbe
more caſily borne, thenthe rigor of the Inquiſition. Whereupon nor knowing what
the peoplehad ſeen, Trurned my ſe]/funto chem, and called themunro the Alrar and
rold them plainly, that whileſt I was in my Memento prayers and meditations, a Mouſe
had carryed away the Sacramenr, and that T knew not what to do, unleſſe chſiey would
help me to finde it out again. The people called a Prieſt that was at hand, who pre-
ſently brought in more of his Coar, and as if their god by this had been earen up, they
preſently prepared tofinde out the thief, as if they would eat up the Mouſe thar had fo
aſſaulted and abuſed their god; they lighted candles and rorches to finde out the Male-
faRorin his ſecret and hidden places of the wall ; andafter much ſearching and inquiry
for the ſactilegious beaſt, they found at laſt ina hole of the wall the Sacrament half ea-
tenup, which with great joy they took our, and as if the Ark had been brought a-
gain from the Phi/iſt5nes to the T/raelites, 1o they rejoyced for their new-found god
whom with many people now reſorted'to the Church,' with many lighrs of Can-
les and Torches, with joyfull and ſfolemne mulick they carried about the Church
in proceflion. My ſelfe was preſent upon my knees, ſhaking and quivering for
what might be done_unto me, and expeRting my doome and judgement ; and
as the Sacrament paſſed by me, T obſerved in' it the marks and fignes of the
{)eech of the Mouſe, as they are to be ſeen in a'piece of Cheeſe gnawne and caten
y it, .
This ftruck me with ſuch horror, thar T cared not at thar preſent whether I had
been torne._in a thouſand pieces for ' denying publickly that Mouſe-eaten god, I
called to my beſt memory all Philoſophy concerning [Subſtance and Accident, and re-
ſolved within my felf, that what T ſaw gnawn, was not an accident, but ſome reall
«ſabſtance eatenand deyoured by that vermin, which certainly was fed and nouriſhet
by what ir had eaten, and Philoſophy well teacherh, ſubſtantia cibi (non accidentts) con-
wertiturin (ubſtantian aliti, the ſubſtance (nor the accident of the food or mear) is con-
verted and turned incothe ſubſtance of the thing fed byir and alimented : Now hereT
knew that this Mouſe hadfed upon ſome ſubſtance, or elſe how could the marks of the

* reeth ſoplainly appear? But no Papift will be willing to anſwer that ir fed -upon

the ſubſiance of Chriſts body, eygo by good conſequenee it follows that it fed upon the
ſubſance of bread; and ſo Tranſubftantition here in my judgement was confured by a
Mouſe ; which' mean and baſe creature God chole to convince me of my former
errors, and made me now reſolye upon what many yeers before T had* doubted,
thar certainly the point of Tranſubſtantiation raught by the Church of Rome, is moſt
dammable and erroneous; for befides what before T have obſeryed, it contradifterh thar
Philoſophicall Axiome, reaching that do contradiftoria non poſſunt fmul & ſemel de
eodem verificars, two contradiftories cannot at onee and ar rhe ſelf ſfame time be ſaid 'and
yerified of the ſame thins ; but here it wasſo for here in Romes judgement and opi=
nion Chrifts body was gnawn and eaten, andar the ſame rime the fame body in ano”
ther place,andupon another Alrtar inthe hands of anorher Prieft was not eaten and

gnawn: Therefore here are twq contradicories verified of the fame body of Chriſt:
: S-3 6

 

 

 

 

 

 

|

 

 
 

193 A NewSurviyof the Weſt-Indies.  ©

|
to wit, it waseatenand gnawn, andit was not; caten and gnawn. Theſe impreffions [
at that time were ſo great-in me, thar Ireſolved within my felf, that bread really and 4

ſ

truely was eaten upon that Altar, and þy no means Chriſts glorious body, which-is in

heaven, and cannot be upon earth ſubje& to. the hunger or violence 'of a creature. t
Here againT deſired with godly David, that I might have the wings of a Dove to fy q
into my Countrey of Eg/and, and there be fatisfied upon'this point, and bear reſt of of
conſcience, Here I reſolyed that if I had been queſtioned for my careleſneſſe, or m
for my contempt of that Romiſs Sacrament ( which I thought would be the judge-s "
ment of 'the Spaviards, who knew me to be an Exg/ih man born ) that I would facri-

ficewillingly my life forthe Proteſtant truch, which as yer I had been no otherwiſe th
taught, but by that Spirit which (as Solomon well obſerveth) in a' man is the candle the
of the Lord. Iconceived here that this was ſome comfort to my ſoul, which my good_ Thi

God would afford me in the way of my trayelling to Canaan,; that I might more
willingly. bear whatſoeyer crofſes yet might befall me in my way and Journey ro
England. The eyent of this accident was not any trouble that fell upon me for it; for
indeed the Spaniards attributed it unto the careleſneſſe of him who had care. of the
Altarsinthe Church, and not to any contemptin-me to'the' Sacrament..  The part 7
of the wafer that was left after the Mouſe had filled her belly, was laid up after the |
ſolemne proceſlion about the Church, ina Tabernacle for that purpoſe, that afterwards
it might be eatenup by ſome hungry Prieit. And becauſe ſuch a high contempt had
been offered by a contemptible Vermin to their Bread-god, it was commanded through

Pertobel that day, thart all the people ſhould humble themſelves and mourne, and faſt wboſſ
with Bread and Water onely. Although I faw T was not queſtioned for the caſe, yer 0
I feared where there were' ſo many Souldiers and forain people, that by ſome or other 4
L might be miſchiefed- out of their blinde zeal, wherefore I thought it not amiſſe ”n
for a'day or two to, keep 'within my lodging. © Don Carlos de Tharra,who was the Ad- amſi\
mirall-:of that Fleet made great_ haſte.to be gone ; which- made-the Merchants buy P
and ſellapace, and laid the ſhips with filver wedges;. whereof I was glad; for the Hſi\

more they laded, the lefſe I unladed my purſe- with buying dear proviſion,! and ſoo-
ner T hoped to be out: of that unhealthy place, which of it ſelf is very hot, and ſubje&
to. breed Feayers; nay death, if thefeer be not-preſerved from wetting when it rai-
neth ;but: eſpecially when the Fleer is there, it is /an open grave, ready to frallow 1n
-part of that numerous people, which at that-rime reſort unto_it, as was ſeen the
yeer thatT was there, when about five hundred of the Souldiers, Merchants, and Ma-
riners, what with Feavers, what with the Flux cauſed by to0 much eating of fruir,
anddrinking of water, what with other diforders , loſt their lives, finding it to be

 

to them not Por?o bello, but Porro malo. And this is uſuall every year ; and therefore fot]
for the relief and comfort of thoſe that come fick-from Sea, or ſicken there, a grear unto
and rich- Hoſpitall'is in the Town, - with many.Pryers, called De /a Capacha, or by ſhip]
others, De Fan'de Dios, whoſe calling and profeſlion is onely to cure and attend fhing
upon the ſick, and to bear the dead unto their graves. The Admirall fearing the cline
great ſickneſſe rhat year, made haſte to be gone, nor fearing the. report that was me,
of ſomethree or foure Helland or Engliſh ſhips abroad at Sea, waiting (as it was ſup- ners
poſed) for ſome good prize our of that .great_and rich Fleet. This news made me c0m
begin to fear,” and to.think of ſecuring my.ſelf in one of the beſt and ſtrongeſt Ga- A
leons; but when I came to treat of my paſſage in one of them, I found thar I could fort
not be carryedin anyunder three hundred Crowns, which was: more then my purſe whet
wasable to afford. -Wirh this I thought to addrefſe my'ſelf_ to ſome Maſter of - a te0r
Merchants ſhip, though I knew. Icould not be ſo fafe and ſecure inany of them, as in willy
a Galeon well manned and fortified with Souldiers, and Guns of Brafle ; yet I hoped h
in God, who isa ftrong reſuge to them that fear him, and in this occaſion provided for to.5
me acheap and ſure paſſage. For meeting oneday with my friend the Treaſurer, he andi
again pitying me asa ſtranger, and lately robbed, commended me to the Maſter of K 5
a Merchant ſhip, calledSt. S-ba/t#az, whom he knew was defirous to carry a Chap- o
lain with him at his owne Table. - I no ſooner addrefſed my felf unto him, uſins b l
the vame and favour of his and my friend the Treafurer, but preſently T found him Muls
willing to accept of my company,  promiſing to carry. me for nothing, and to board ti-ct(ſi
me at his owne Table, onely for my prayers to God for him and his, offering further wfſi{dct
to give me ſome fatisfaction for whatſoever Sermons I fhould preach in his ſhip. I by ſ:ſi

blefſed :

 
[
l

A New Surveyof the W eſt-Indies, 199

 

 

bleſſed God; acknowledging in; this 'alſo his providence, who in all occaſions furs
thered my return to E-g/znd. The ſhips being laden we ſet forth rowards Carrhagena
and the ſecond day of our failing we diſcovered foure ſhips; which made the Merchant”
ſhips afraid, and to keep cloſe to the Galeons} truſting ro their firength more- then
their owne. The ſhip I.was in, was fwift and nimble under fail, and kepr-ſtill tinder
the-wings cither of the Admirall-or of ſome other of the. beſt Galeons ; bur all the
other-Merchant:ſhips were nor ſo,. but ſome flowly came.on behinde; whereoftwo
were-carryed. away by the Hollauders in the tiighr, before ever we conld'get to Car4
thagena. 54 1 5-rheh JFieFp :

'%he greateſt fear that T perceived poſſeſſed the S$payiqrds in this Voyage; wasabout
the Iſland of Providence, called by them Sra Catalina, or St. Katharine, from whenee
they feared leſt ſome Eng//h ſhips ſhould come out againit chem with great ſtrength.
They curſed the Z»g/iinit, and called the Tland the den of Theeves and Pirates, wiſh-
ing that their King of $paiy would take ſome courſe with it, or elfe thar it would prove
very prejudiciall to. the Spariards, lying neer the mouth of rhe Deſaguadero, and fo
endangering the Frigats of Granada, and ftanding between Portobel and Carthagena, and
ſo threatning the Galeons, and their Kings yeerly and mighty treaſure. :

- Thus with bitter inveRtives againit the Exg/i/hand the Ifland of Provideice,we failed
onto-Carthagena, where again we met with the foure ſhips which before had followed
us, and-had taken away two of our ſhips, and now at our entring'into chat Pore;rhrear-
ned to. have carried away more ofour company:; which they might haverdone;'if rhey
would have ventured to: have comeupon the ſhip wherein Iwent;whichatiche rurning
about the land point-to- get into the Haven, ran upon the ſhore/which if it%had beets
rocky, asit was fandy and gravelly, had certainly- there been caſt away, by keeping
roo neet unto theland; from which danger by the care of 'the Mariners,/and their
aQive pains, we were fafely delivered, asalſo fromthe ſhips which followed us as far
as they durſt for fear. of the Canon ſhot of the Caſtle ; and thus'we-entrediints-the
Haven of Carthagens, and ftayed there for the ſpace of eight*or 'ten-dayes;where T
met with ſome of ;my. Countrey-men their Priſoners, who had been taken at Sex by
the Spaniards, and belonged unto the Ifland of Providexce, among-whon was'the te=
nowned Captain Rew/?, and abouta dozen more, with whom Þ was glad to meer, bue
durſt not ſhew themtoo much countenance, for fear of being ſuſpe&ed;\yet I ſoont
got the good will of ſome of them, who being deftined to Spain, were very defirous to
£0 inthe ſhip wherein I went, which deſire of theitsI farthered, and' was-ſuiter unts
my- Captain to carry foure of them in his ſhip, which formy ſake he willingly yeelded
unto; amongſ theſe was one Edward Layſield (who afterwards/ſetting out of St. Zuca*
for England, was taken captive by the 7 arke, andſince from Trxrkey writ into Zngland
untome to help to releaſe him-) with whom both ar Carthagena, and in'the way in the
ſhip Thad great diſcourſe concerning points of Religion, and by him came to know ſome
things proteſſed in Exg/and, which my conſcience (whileſt Tlived in America) much in-
<lined unto;\ Iwas much taken with his company, -and found him very officious unts
-me, whoſe kindneſſeTrequited by ſpeaking for him inthe ſhip'to the Maſter and Mari-
ners, who otherwiſe were ready and forward to abuſe himand the reſt 'of the *Fngh/þ
company> as priſonersand flaves. : '

At.Carthagena we heard a report of threeſcore fail of ſhips'of Hollanders waiting
for the: Galeons, which ſtruck no little -fear into the Spaniards; who calleda'counce}
whether our Fleet ſhould winter there, or go 0n to' Spaiz. "It proved tobe but'a falſe
report. of the Inhabitants of Carrhagena, who for their owne ends"and'luere would
willingly have had the Ships and Galeons to haye ftayed there; but Doz Carlosde Tharrg
replyed, that hefeared nota hundred fail'of Hollanders, and there_fore would g0.0n
to Spain; hoping to carry thirher ſafely the Kings trea_ſure Which he performed;
and incight dayes arrived at Havana, where we ſtayed eight dayes longer, exp*Qins
the Fleet from Yera Cr4z, Inwhich time T viewed well that firong Caftle manned with
thetwelve guns; called the rwelve Apoſtles, which would do little hitirt to an Army

by land, or marehing fromthe River of "Matanſos. T viſited here the Morher of that

Mulatto,/ who had taken away all my means atSea, and ſpent much' time in' corfifor=
rting my poor Countrey-men the prifoners; but eſpecually that gallant Caprain Rovſe,
who-came unto me_to.complain of ſome affronts whl_ch had beeni Qffergd unts hint
by the-Spaniards in_the ſhip wherein he came z which he not beingable to puc up,

chough”

 

 

 

 
 

200 A New Survey of the WeſtTndics.

though a Priſoner unto them, defired to queſtion in the field, chal lenging hisproud
contemners to meet him if rhey durſt inany place of the Havaza, (a brave couragein
a dejected-and impriſoned #g/;/h man to challenge-a Spariard in his Countrey, a
Cock uponhis owne dunghill, ) which as ſoonasT underſtood by Edward Layfeld,
I deſired to take up, fearing that many would fallupon him cowardly and mince him
ſmallin pieces. Tent for him to the Cloiſter where'I lay; and there had conference
with him. prevailing ſo far asthat F made him deſiſt from his choughts- of going inrs
the field, and ſhewing his manhood inſuch a time and place, where his low condition
of a Prifoner might well excuſe him.The reſt of my poor Countrey men were here much (x
diſcouraged, and in ſome want, whom Irelieved ( eſpecially Layfield)-and encouraged as ,
much as I wasable. Ichanced here to have occaſiontortake a little phyfick beforeI went
again to Sea, and thereby T learned what before I never knew, to wit, the dyetwhich on ;
fuch a day the beſt Phyſicians of Havana preſcribe unto their patients.Whereasafter the
working of my phyſick, Lexpected ſome piece of Mutron, or a Fow!, or ſome other
nouriſhing meat, my Phyſician left order that I ſhould have. a piece of roſted Pork,
which ſeeming unto meadyet contrary to that dayes extremity, I began 10 refulſe ir, =
alledging to my DoRor the contrary courſe of all Nations; the narurallqualiry ofchac "
meat to.openthe body. - To which he replyed, that what Porke might work\upon he
mans bodyin other Nations, it worked nor there, but the contrary.; .and 1o he wiſhed my
me to feedupon what he-had preſcribed, aſſuring me rhat ir would do me no' hurt.
Now as Hogs fleſh there is held to be 10 nouriſhing, fſo likewiſe no other meat is
more-thefit and Tortoiſes, wherewith all the ſhips maketheir proviſion for. $pa;y.
The Tortoifes they-cut-out in long thin ſlices, asI have noted before ofthe Ta ajos,
and dry itinthe wind after they hayewell faltedir, and fo it ſeryeth the Mariners, in

 

 

all their-Voyage to Spain, which they eat boyled with a lictle garlick, and I have ”
heard' them fay, that to'them'ir raſted as well as any Veal. They alſo take into ing'
their Ships ſomeFowles for the Maſters and Captains tables; and: live Hogs, which hola

would ſeem to be enough to breed ſome infeRtion in the Ship, had they not care to mKt,

jaſh often the place where ſuchunclean beafts lie. - In the ſhip where Iwas paſſen- l)?fſif}.
ger, was killedevery week one for the Maſters, Pilots, and Paſſengers table. Thus el
all things being made ready/for the ſhips ,proviſion to. Spaiz, and the Merchants m
goods, and the-Kings Revenue being ſhipped in nine dayes that weabode there; we Lyj
now wanted nothing, . but onely the company of the Fleet from Yera Cruz, which ther
ſhould have met usthere upon the eight- day of Seprember. But Dou Carlos de Tharra, more
ſeeing it ſtayed longer thenthe time appointed, and fearing the weather, and the New them,
Moon of that moneth which commonly proverh dangerons in the Golf of Bahama, raged
reſolved to ſtay.no longer, but+to ſet out to Spain. ' On a Sabbath day therefore in pri
the morning, we hoiſed fails (being in all ſeven and twenty ſhips withithoſe which had reſtſ
met with us there from Hondurasand thelflands ) and one by one we failed out of Hy- T
vang tothe main Sea, where we that, day wafted abont. for a-good wind, and alſo = with
waiting for our guide, which was nor yet come out of the Havana, to guide us through War
the Gulf of Bahama. But that night we wiſhed our ſelves again in the Hayana, thinking whi
that we-were compaſſed abour with a ſtrong Fleet of Hollanders, many ſhips came Car
amongſt us, which made us provide for a fight inthe morning,” A Councel of War I
was called,' and all that night watch was kept, the Guns prepared, red Cloths hung Fly
round the ſhips, Orders ſent about both to the Galeons and to the Merchant ſhips degr
what poſture and place to be in. That which Twasin, wasto attend the Admirall, which Ens
I hoped would be a ftrong defence-unto_us: Our men were couragious and ready to ins 1
fight, though T liked not ſuch Martial bulineſſe and diſcourſe ; but for me a place was tih
prepared where I might lie hid, and be fafe among ſome barrels of bisker, T had allthe ning
night enough to.doe, to: hear the Confeſſions of thoſe in the ſhip, who thoughr deli
they could not die happily with the ſhot of a Hollaud Buller, untillchey had confetied inha
all their ſins unto_me, who towards'morning had more need of reſt, rthen of figh- War
ting, afterthe wearying of my earswith hearing ſo many wicked, grievous, and abo- Fle
minable ſins. Butthe dawning of the day diſcoyered our cauſeleſſe fear, which was the

from friends, and not from any enemies or Hollanders; for the ſhips which were
Joyned unto us in the night, were as fearfull of us, as we of them, and preparedthem-
ſelves likewiſe to fightin che morning, which ſhewed unto us their Colours, whereby
we knewthatthey werethe Fleet which we expeRed from Vera Cruz, to goe along

with

that
us |
pity
We :

 
ANew ſiSur'L/ey oftſſbſſb Mieſzlndies!. 20n:

 

with us tO Spaiy: They were two and twenty Sail, which litcle thoughtto finde us Out
of rhe Havana, but within the Havenilying at Anchor, waiting for their comins
aud therefore 1n the night: feared us-much more then wethem: -But when-the day
cleared 'our doubts, fears and jealouſies, then beganthe Martiall colours to be takeg
down, the joyfull ſound of Trumpets, with the help of Vepizmes Kingdomes ecchoed
from ſhip-ro ſhip, the buats carryed welcoming meflages from one to'anorhier;7 rhs
Spaniſh Brindis with bzen Viaje, buen'Paſſaje, was generally cryed'out, the whole-
morning was ſpent with friendly acclamations and. falutations from ſhip ro ſhip: -: Butr
in the mid{t of this onr joy-and Sea-greetings, we'being now inall two and finy Sail
( yet-we not knowing wellhow many they were from Yera Cryz, nor they how uxts!
ny we were from che Havana ) two ſhips were found amongft us, (whether Zxgli/hor
Hollanders; we-could not well difcover; but the  Znghſþ priſoners with me 'rold me
they 'thought one was aſhip of 'Eng/and called the”Neprune ) which having 'gor'the
wind of us,fingled out a ſhip of -ours(which belonged ro Punkerke,and from St.'Lycar'
or Cales had been forced to the Kings ſervice in that voyase to the 7zaia's, laden/with
Sugarsand other rich commodities, ro the worth of ar leaft fourſcore thouſand Crowns;
and ſuddenly siving her a whole broad fide ( receiving a reply onely- of two Guns),
madehher yeeld, without any hope of help from ſo proud-and mightya Fleet, -for thar
ſhe was ſomexyhar far ſtragled from the reſt of the ſhips. - The whole buſinefſe lafted
not. abovehalf an hour, but preſently ſhe was carryediawayfromunder'our noſes z rhe
Spaniards changed their merry tunes into voro @ dios, and-voto 4 Chriſto; in'raging cuſirſing-
and ſwearing, ſome reviling at the Caprain of the ſhip” which was takenzand ſa;ing that:
he was-falſe,. and yeelded on purpoſe without fighting, becauſe he wasforced'to come
that Voyage ; others curſing thoſe that took her, and calling them' 5ijos-de puta,' Borras
chos; infames Ladrines, Baſtards, Drunkards, infamous Theeves, and Pyrates; fomera-
king theirſwords in their hands, as if they would there cut) themin pieces,  ſome laying,
holdof their Muskets, asif they would there ſhootar them,'others ſtampſiing like.mad'
men, andrunningabout the ſhip, as ifrhey wouldleap over bord, andmake hafte after
them ; 'others grinningtheir teeth' at the poor Eng1i/p priſoners that were 'in' the ſhip,]
as if they would ftab rhem for what (they faid) their Countrey-men had done. T muſf;
needs fay, Thad enough to'do to hold lome of thoſe furious and raging brains fromdoing
Layfield ſome miſchief, who more then the reſt wouldbe ſmiling, arguing,and anſwering'
their-ontragious nonſenſe. - Order was'preſently given.to the Vice-Admiral andvtwo'
moreGwleonsto follow-and purſue them; but all in'vain, for the'wind 'was againſt:
them, -and fo the rwo ſhips laughing and rejoycing.as much as the Spaniards curſed and:
raged, failedawaycon Viento en Popa, with full”Sail; gallantly -boaſting'with ſoirich
prize taken away from twoand fifty ſhips,” or (as Imay fay) fromthe chiefeſt and/ grea=
reſt ſtrength of Sparn. D 1909
Thar afternoon the Fleet of 74 Cr4z, took their leave of us, (not®heing furniſhed!
with Proviſion to go 0n-to Spary with us) and went into the Havang z and we ſet>fors
wards toward Exrope, fearins nothins for the preſent but the Gulf of 'Bahama, through
which we gor ſafely withithe help and ouidance of ſuch Pilots,” which our Adinitall.De#
Carhbs hadchoſen, andhired for that purpoſe. } - S
I ſhall-notneed to tell rhee niy-Reader -of thefight which we had' 6f St. Angſtine;
Florida, not of many. ſtormes which we ſuffered 1n this Voyage, nor- of rhe many
degrees we came .under, which made_us ſhake with cold more then' the Froſt'of
Enolanddointhe worlt of Winter ; onely Ifay; thatthe beſt of ourPilots notknow-
ing where they were, had like to have' betrayed ug all 'to the Rocks of Bermada; one
nighr, had'nor the breaking of the day given us 4 fair warning thit "we were- run-
ning uponthem. For which the Spaniards in ſteadof giving'God' thanks for-their
delivery out of that danger, began again to curſe andrage "againſtthe Zag/tſh, whitch
inhabired that Tfland; -faying, thar they had inchanted that and-*the reft -of- thoſe
Iflands abour, and did ftill with the devill raiſe frorms inthoſe Seas when the Spani/h
Fleet. paſſed that way. 'From thence when we had' ſafely eſcaped; we failed well to
the Iflands called Tercezas, where fain we would haye taken in freſh water," ( for
that which we had taken in at Havans, now begantoftink, and look yellow, making
us ſop our noſes, whileſt-we opened our mouths;/)-but rigid Dox Cartos would nor
pity the reſt 'of his Company,” who led.us by the Tflands; and that night following

we all wiſhed our ſelyes/ in ſome. harbour -of them :* for { thongh. 1n their .con-
. S EelE

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 

202 A New Survey of the. Weſt-Indics. -

 

ceipt thoſe Iflands were notinchanted by Z-gh/þ men, but 1inhabited by koly and 1do-
latrous Papiſts ) we were no ſooner got from them, whenthere aroſe the greateſtftorme
that we hadinall our voyage from Havana to Spain, which lafted full eight dayes,where
weloſt one ſhip & indangered rwo Galeons, which ſhor off their warning peecesfor help, hi
and made usal ftay and wait onthem;til they had repaired their Tacklings and main Mait.
We: went. on ſomerimes one way, ſometimes anocher, not wellknowing were we were, Fr
drinking-our ſtinking water: by allowance of pints, rill three or foure dayes after the r0j
ſtorme was ceaſed, we diſcovered land, which made all cry out, Hiſpania, Hiſpania, Spain, Th
Spain; whileſt a Counſell was ſummoned by.the Admirall to-know what land-that was, ſ*ſi*'
ſome ſold away barrels-of bisket, others: of water, to-thoſe rhat wanted/ (eyery one H
chinking that it wasſome part- of |$pa;z)but the reſult of the wiſe Counſell was,, after Wal
they had-failed neerer to-the land; and had layed and loſt many wagers: abour- it, that it txue
wasthe Iſland/ of 2adera, which made ſome-curſe the ignorance of the Pilots, and made {0 o
usall prepare our ſelves with patiencefor a longer voyage. Ir pleaſed God-from the dif- of
covery of this Ifland,to grant us a favorable wind to Spaiy, where within rwelve dayes ot
we diſcovered Cales; and ſome of the ſhips there left us, bur moſt of them went forward Mat
to San Lucar, as didthe ſhip wherein I weric ; when we came neer tothe dangerous plackgs : - the]
which-the Spaniaras call Za Barra, we durit not venture our ſhips upon our Pilots'own in
knowledge ; but called for Pilots to guide us in, who greedy of' their {ucre came Bih0
out in boats almoſt for every ſhip one. Upon the eight and rwentieth of November, they?
1637. wecaſt anchor within St..Lxcar de Barameda abour one of the clock in the atter- - ,. (oalt
noon, and before evening-other paſſengers and myſelfwent a flioar (having firſt.been ding!
ſearched) andalthough I might preſently have gone to the. Cloiſter-of. Sr. Dominick, « 1
where my old Fryer' P.ablo de Londzes was yet living, whom 1 knew would be glad of my by ſo
coming from the 2»aia's, yet Ithought fit the firit night to enjoy my. friends company akh
both Spaniararand Engiiſh, (who had come ſolong avoyage with me) in ſome Ordi-. falon
nary , andto take my reſt better abroadthen Iftiould do iri a Cloiſter, where I exgeted would
bur a poot Fryers ſupper, a hard and mean lodging, many fooliſh queſtions from o1d Alls
Fryer P ablo de Loydres concerning the 1ndia's, and my abode there ſo many- years,- and part
finally'the noiſe of Bels and ratlersro rouſe up the drowſie Fryers from their fleep :to
Matines.at midnight.That night therefore I berook my ſelfro an Enghfh Ordinary,where
Erefreſhed my ſelf and my poor! ptiſoners, (who by the Maſter of the ſhip were commits
ted to/my charge.that night and forwardsupon;my word, ſo asto be forth-conting when
they ſhould becalled)'and thenext morning I ſent my honeſt friend Lyyficld with alet-
rer to the Cloiſter to'old Pablo de Londres, who upon my ſummons'came joyfully ro: wel-
come.me fromthe:Tadra's ,| andafter very little diſcourſe told me of ſhips in- the Haven
ready toſet out for Eng/avd. The old Fryer being ofa decrepit and doting age, thought
every day a year thatLifayed there, and ſuſpended my Voyage for Eng/and, and ( not ct
Kknowing the ſeceewpfory:heart)-judgedalready thar the Converſionpr turding of many : 0

r,

Proteſtant ſouls t'(ſiz'ctIſſ'dEdſſ*ytwai—*c@d;þf my eomns., which made himHhaften me, who was
Yzſi?

 

    
   
  
    
  

 

more deſirous thenhe to be'gone the next day;; tEmighthave foung wind, weather and G
ſhipping ready....-But God, who had been with-meinwmaſt.ginerh dayes failing from
Havana to San Lucar, and had delivered me from matya: ggct;ſſe'}ſi repared and tutthe- vil
redall thingsina very ſhort time for rche-laſtaccompliſhmient of my{ hope and defire, to rea
return to Zngland my-native ſoil,, from wheneeLhgd been abſcntalmot for the ſpace of o
four and twenty yeatse.1;:. : Re 2 F- The
My firſt thought here inSt;-Lycdr, was toicaltoffmoy my Fryets weed, that outward Ly
ſheepskin, which covers manyaw'ci]\ſrſh,_'*gxfiidy and .coyerous*heart uhder it ; which thel
doubtleſſe is the-ground, why in Germany,in the Proteſtant and Latherau Towns, when been
the boyes and yong men1eea Fryer goalong their ſtreets, they cry ougto the neighbours, Kn
faying, a Wolfe, a Wolfe, ſhut your doors ; meaning, that though what they wear Pri
ſeem to be pellis 0vina, or Agnina, aſheep of Lambskin and their condition -of morti- tor!
fied, humbleand meck men, yet under it lyeth cor Lopinum, 4 Wolves: heart, greedy und
of ſome prey, either worldly, of wealth and riches, or ſpirituall, of: ſeducing, decei- then
ving and mifleading poor foules. : Such was the habit , which -now, I'defired to ſhake F"_ſiſi"
off, which was a white Coator gown banging to the ground girded about witha leathern A
belt,and over it from the ſhoulders/downward a white Scapulary(ſo called there)hangins eft
ſhorter thenthe gown both before and behind, and over that a white hood to cover the 4
head, and laftly, over that @ black cloak with another black hood ; both which together, noy
che oy;

» D —A =

 
 

   

A New' Snroay of the Wfflſiſſlnſidies. | 2

the black andwhite make the Eryers of that profeſiion look jlilt like Mas-pies; and is ac-
knowledged by tl}e Church:of) Rome it ſelf inaverſe whichkejhcy fain of gMT.e ctſiMctſſ;ſiriinSLzz—
ther, (with what juſt ground-:Þknow nor) faying o his formee life and profeſſion before
his Converſion, ” Bz Copurns, bis-Pica frs, ter }une ligatzs-"T was twice a Crow, tywice'a
Magpie, and thrice was boundor tyed with a Cord ; by a Crow meaning an Auguſtine
Eryer, who.is.allin black z bya Magpie, meaninga Dominican : and by-bound with a
rope or cord,meaninga Francifcan,who indeed is girdedabour with'a cord made of hemp.
Though the Dominican Magpie by this his habie make ſuch @ gloſſe and/underſtanding,
avhich is contrary: to his lifeand-converſation ;/ for by kis outward black habir, he faith,
is fignified an outward ſheiv of deadneſſeand mortification to the world, and by his in-
ward white habit, an inward purity andchaſtiry ofheart, rhoughts and life; both which
rxuely are litcle ſeen in thoſe Fryers efpecially, who outwardly are wdrldly, and living
to the world, covetous and ambirious of honours, prefetments, Biſhoprickes, and places
of publick readingand 'preaching ; andtherefore have by favour obtained many places
of aurbority, as by the laws/of Ar4gos tobe the King of '9pazz his Ghoſtly father, to be
Maſters of the Popes Palace, and there to reada leffon of Divinity, to be chief heads of
the Inquiſition, and from theſe places to be promoted ro fit in the Councell of the State
in Spaiz, or to-be Cardinalsin Rome, andſo Popes, or to' injoy the richeſt and farteſt
Biſhopricks and Arch-biſhopricks in 'Spary, Ttaly, and 1ndia's, which ſheweth how litrle
they are deadto the world, nay how they areliving to the world and its preferments,
contrary 0 the black and dead colour of their habits. So likewiſe do rhey not live accor-
ding to the whiteneſle of their inward habits,whoſe lives are found impure and unchaſt,
as 1 could exemplifie at large, ſhewing whar baſe and unclean aQs haye been committed
by ſome of that profeflion inthe Low Countries, in Spazy, in the 199ig's,in Traly,nay here
in Fngland by one Dade the Superior ofthem, by one Pophay: well known to be a good
fellow, and ftill at this day abidingin the Spariſh houſe, by one Crafts and others, which
wouldibe too too long adigreſſion from the whiteneſle of their habir. ButT applying rhe
Allegory of this black and white habir otherwiſe unto my ſelf, and in the outward black
part ofit ſceingthe foulneſſe and filthineſſe of my life and Tdolatrous Prieſthood in.the
exerciſe ofthat profeſſion, and Orders which from Rmz Thad received ; andin the white
inward habit confiderins yer the purity; and integrity of thoſe intentionsand thoughts
of my inward heart, in purſuance whereofThad left whar formerly Thave noted, yea all
America, which, had T continued init, might have been tro mea Mine of wealth, riches
and treaſare ; I reſolved here therefore to caſt off that hypocriticall cloak and habit, and
to pur on ſuch Apparell wherebyT might no more appear a Wolfe in ſheepskin , bur
might-go'boldly to my Countrey of Englazd, there ro ſhew and make known the
Candor of my heart; the purity and fincerity of my thoughts, which had brought me
{o far, by a publick profeſtion of the pure truths of the Goſpell, without any invention
or addition of man unto it.With the ſmal means therefore which was left meafter ſo long
and almoſt a whole years journey from Perapa to St. Lxcar (having yer about a nindred
Crows) I gave order for a ſute of Cloathesto be made by an Englih Taylor, which'T
willingly put on, andeſo-prepared my felf for Fngland. Three or four ſhips were in

 

readinefſe, who had qnly\waited'for the Fleet, to take in ſome Commodities, eſpecially
ſome wedges of ſilve(Zl gfwhich I waswith old Pablode Londres, in doubr which to chooſe.
The firft that went o8t was thoughr ſhould have been my lor, in the which my friend
Layficld imbarked hinhſelf ( for allehe Eng//b priſoners were there freedro go home to
their Countrey) and ffom whickthe great, providence of God diverted me, orelſeT had
been this day with Layfield a flavein 7 wrkey; for the nexr dayafter this ſhip ſet out,
it was taken by the T#rkes; and catried away for a rich prize, andall the Eng/ihin it for
priſoners ro Argel.+ But God (who I hope had reſerved me for better things,) appointed
for me a fafer convoy home in a ſhip ( asI was informed) belonging to Sir 7/iiam Curtin,
under the command of an honeſt Flemming, named Adrian Adrianzen living at Dover
then, with whom I agreed for my paſſage and dyet at his Table. This ſhip fer out of the
Bar of St. Lxcar the ninth day after my arrivall rhither, whereir waited for the company
of four ſhips more, but eſpecially for ſome 7nan wedges of ſilyer,which upon forfeiture
of them it durſt not take in within the Bar and Hayen. : '
And thus being now cloathed after a new faſhion and ready to lead a new life ; being
now changed from an American into the faſhion ofan Eng/i/h man, the tenth da after.
my abodein Sar.Lycar, I bad adicu to Spais and all Spani/h faſhions, faftions, an carfis.
ag5s

 

 

 
 

204 A New Survey of the Weſt-Indies, -

I bad farewell my old Fryer Pab/o de Londres, with thereſt of my acquaintance, and ſoin
a boat went over the Bar to the ſhip, which that night in company of four more ſer » for-
ward for England. Tmight obſerve here many things of the goodneſſe of :Adrian'\Adwic
«nzen,and his good carriage towards me in his ſhip, which I will omit, haying muchmore
to obſerve of the goodnelle of God, who fayouredthis our voyage with-fuch: a proſpe-

rous wind, and without any ſtorm at all, that in thirreen dayes we came to:Dover, where 4

Llanded, the ſhip going onto the Dowyes.  Others that landed at Margaret were brought /

t0 Dover,and there queſtioned-and ſearched ; butT, not ſpeaking E-g#4ſh, but Spaniſh,

was not at all ſuſpected, neither judged to bean Exglihh man z andſo after:two. dayes 1

took poſt in company of ſome Spayiards andan Triſh Colonel, for Canterbary and ſo for- I

ward to Graveſend. When Lcame to Londey, Iwas much troubled within' my ſelf for

wanr of my Mother tongue, (for I could only ſpeak ſome broken words) which-made me fi
fearfull T ſhould not be acknowledged ro be,an Engliſh man_ born.  YetT thought my of

kindred (who knewT had been many years {ot) would ſome way or -other-acknowledge gll
me, and take notice of me, ifat the firſt Iaddreſſed my ſelf unto ſome of them, untill T Id
could better expreſſe my ſelf in,Z-g/iſ. .The firſt therefore of my name, whom I had S

notice of, was my Lady Pexelope Gage, widow of Sir 7ohn Gage, then living/in St. Fones ; to atl
whom the next morning after my arrivall to Zouden, Iaddrefſed my ſelf for the better dif- and
covery of fome of my Kindred ;\ whom though-I knew-to be Papiſts, and' therefore al
oughr not to beacquainted with my inward purpoſe and reſolution ; yer for fear of ſome Son
want in the mean time, andthatT might by their.means practice my ſelfinthe uſe of my m
forgotten native tongue, and that T might enquire what childs part had been Jefr.me by he:
my father, that Imight learne ſome faſhions, and laſtly, that in the meantime; I might fin
ſearch into the Religion of Eng1and, and findhow far my conſcience could agree with it, vet
and be fatisfied inthoſe ſcruples which had troubled me in America, for all theſe reaſons I K01
thoughtit not amiſſe to look and enquire afrerthem. When thereforeT cameunto my yer!

Lady Gage, ſhe believed me to be her kinſman, bur laughed at me, telling-me, rhat Iſpake
like an Jzdiay or Welch man,, and not like an Engliſh man;/.yet ſhe. welcomed me
home, and ſent me with aſervant toa Brothers lodging in Long Aker, who being in the
Countrey of $zrr, and hearing of me ſent horſe and: man for. me to - come to keep

 

Chriſtmas with an Uncle of mine living at Gazrop;; by 'whom as a 1otſt and; forgotten tlin
Nephew, and now after four and tweaty years returned home again, I was very kindly (ſi'*ſiſiſſſiſſ
entertained, and from -thence ſent for to.Cheam, to one Mr. Fromand another kinſman, ſſuſiſſ[;
with whom I continued till after twelfth day, and ſo returned again to Zondop to my lſſi
Brother. -

Thus my good Reader, thou ſeeſt an Americay, through many dangers: by.Sea and
Tand, now fafelyarrivedin_Eygland; and thou mayeſt well with me obſerve the Srear
and infinite goodnefſe and mercy of God towards me a wicked and wretched / finner, Al
HowThave anſwered to this Gods gracious calling me from ſo far and remote a < r
Countrey, to do him ſervice here, I will ſthew. thee in the Chapter following, ard ſo G
conclude this my long and tedious Hiſtory, :

 

C HA P, Cſmf:

 
 

 

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CHAP. XXIL.

Shewing how, and for what cauſſics, after Thad arrived in England, I'zook yet
another jonrney to Rome, and other parts of Ttaly; and returned ag Hn ſertle m
ſelf in this my Countrey. :

OW Reader;asthe ſtone thar is falling,the neerer it cometh roits Center the more
haſte it maketh : ſo T, the neerer Tam coming co the concluſion of this my Hi-
Kory, more haſteTdefire to make inthis laſt Chaprer, for the completing and' finiſhing
ofit. With brevity therefore I will relate ſome of my travels in Exrope, in which T
will yeeld to many of my Nation; bur for Awerica, and my travels and experience there
I dare boldly challenge all travellersof my Countrey. Atfter my return to Zondoy froin
Sarrey, Tbegan to expoſtulate with my younger Brother (knowing he'had been preſenc
at my Farhers death, andhad a chief handin the ordering and executing his laſt Will
and Teftament ) concerning what childes part was leftunto me. To which he made me
anſwer, thart my Father had indeed left him, and my Brother.the Colonel, and two other
Sons by # ſecond Wife, and my own Siſter, every one ſomewhar, but ro. me nothing
nay that at his death he did not ſo much as remember me ; which Icould not but take ro
heart, andcalledto minde the angry and threatning Letter which Ihad received from
himin S$pain, becauſeT would not be a Jeſaite. Though for the preſenc T faid nothing
yetafterwards in many occafionsTtold my Brother I would have the Will prodnced, and
would by courſe of Law demand a childes part: but he put me off aſſuring meT ſhould ne-!
verwantamongft other my friends& kindred,with whom he knew I ſhould be wel accom<
\modatedaslong as Icontinuedin England. After few dayes that Thad been in Zondoy, my
kinſmanat Chear defired mero come'ro live with him,whereTconrinued not long;formy
Uncleat Gatros invited me to his houſe, offering me there mear, drink, lodging, horſe and
man, with twenty pound a year, which he promiſed in other wayes to make as good as
thirty. HereIcontinued a twelve moneth, refining'my ſelf inmy native rongue, and
.(chongh altogether unknown to'my Uncle and kindred) ſearching into the Do&rine and
rruth of rhe Goſpel profeſſed in Exg/ajd ; for which cauſe T made many journeys to
Linden, and then privatelyT reſorted to ſome Churches, andeſpecially to Pax?'s Church
toſee the Service performee, and to hear the Word-of God preached ; butfo, that T
migh not be ſeen, known, or diſcovered by any Papift. - When in"Pa/*s Church T heard
the Organs and the Mulick,and the Prayers and Colled&s; and faw the Ceremoniesat'the
Altar, Lremembred Rowe again, and perceived little difference betweenTthe rwo Chur-
ches. Tfearched farther into the Common-prayer, and'carryed with me a Bible into the
Countrey'on purpoſe to'compare the Prayers, Epiſtſes and Goſpels witha' Maſſe Book”
which there Thad at command, andT found no difference bur onely Eng/i/ and Latine,
*which made me wonder, and roacknowledge that much remained ſtill of Raye in the
Church of Zg/and,and thatT feared my calling was not righr.Intheſe my ſcruples com-
4ing often to L:zdon,and converſing with one Dade, Popham, and Crafts,Conncland Brows:
Englihh and 175/h Dominican Fryers, Ifound their wayes and converſations baſe, lewd,
lighr and wanton,'like the Spami/b and Indian Fryers, which made me again refle& upon
thePopiſh Church, upheld by fſuch pillars. F came yet to the acquaintance of one
Price, Superiour' to the Benedidtine Monks, whomT found to be a meer Stateſ-man,
and a grear Politician, and very familiar, private, and fecrer with the Archbiſhop of
Canterbury William Laud; in'converfation with my Brother,who belonged then unto one
.Signior Ce», the Popes Agent, 'and was in ſuch favourar the Court,thar he'was ſent over
the Queen with a rich preſenrto_a Popiſh Tdol, named our Lady of Sschems, in the Low
Conntreys) Theard him ſometimes ſay, chat he doubred nor but to be ſhortly Curate
and PariſhPrieft of Cover Garden, ſometimes that he hoped to be made Biſhop in Eng-
land, and that thenT ſhould want for nothing, and ſhould live with him cill he gor me
another Biſhoprick;by which diſcourſe of his;and by his and other Prieſts fayour art Court
and with the Archbiſhop I perceived things went not well, Spazi/h Popery was much

rooted,Proteſtant Religioa much- corrupted, andrthe rime not ſeaſonable for me. ro diſ-
T cover

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cover my ſecret intents and purpoſe of heart. Ac this time coming once from Siurrey to
Londm, 1chanced to be diſcovered and known to,one of the Stare-Officers, a Purſevant,
who hada large Commiſiion for the apprc?hendmg of Seminary Priefts and Jeſuites, na-
med 7obn Gray, who mecting me one day in Loag Aker, followed and dogged me astar as
Lincolns=hine wall, where heclapped:me on the ſhoulders, and rold me, thae hehad a
Commiſſion againſt me,toapprehend-me,and carry me.to the-Councel Table, or-to, ane
of his Majeſties Secretaries. To whom I ſpoke in Spani/h (thinking, thereby.ro. free my
ſelf out of his hands for a Spaniard:) but this would not do, for he rectplyed he knew me
to bean Eng1i/h man born, and by the name of Gage, and Brother to Colonel Gage,and
Mr.George Gage,and thar/before he lefe me,L,muſt ſpeakin,Z-g/;to him; he carryed meto
a Tavern, and there ſearched my , pockets for Letters and, money.,. which. in-diſcourſe he
rold me, was too little for him, ( nor being above twelye ſhilling.). and that Lmuſt-goe
with him to anfver before.one of his Majeſkies Secretaries. Itold him,Iwould willingly go
before the Archbiſhop'of Canterbary,or befare Sir Francs Windebanks at which he {\muled,
faying, Eknew well whom to make choyce of to favour and. protect me, bur he: would
catry meto none of them, but to.Secretary Cooke. Ifearing the buſineſle might go. hard
with me, andiknowing him.to be greedy of money; told him that I would give. him; any
thing that might concent him, and ſo. offered him twelvye ſhillings then about- ms, 'and

 

my word to meet bim inany place the nexr.day, with a, better and fuller, purſe. He: ac- *

cepted of. my money for the preſent, and further offer fo'r the day fol lowing, and appoin-
tedthe Angel Tavernin Long Akgr, (knowing that T lodged thereabout) to(be the place
of our mecting, andſodiſmiſſed me. . Lbeing free from him, went.immediately to.my
Brother, and told him what had.happened unco,me, what money Thad already given to
him, and what I had promifed;the next day following., My Brorher hearing me, began
to chafe and vex, and to: fall.into furious words jagainſt Foln Gray, calling bin Knave
and Rogue, and that he could,not anſwer what he had done, and that he would haye; his
Commiſſion taken from him, chiding me for that Thad given him any money, and calling
me young novice, and unexperienced in the affairs of Eyglaud.' This ſeemed ftrange. to
me, that my Brother ſhould nor onely not fear a Purſeyant, but ſhould threaten H xake
away the Commiſſion from him, who-was aPpoin_ted toſearch-for and finde out: Priefts
and Jeſuites, _Yet Itold him1 would according to,my word, and promiſe meet him-the
next.day, and ſatisfie him for his fair carriage towards,me ; to. which my-Brothes woutd
by no means yeeld, bur, faid he would meet thim ;.which he accordingly performed,
and although for my ſake'and promiſe he gave him ſome money, yer he brought
him before Signor Cox, and there himſelfe and the Popes Agent with him; -ſpake
moſt bitter wordsunto him, and rhrearned him.yery much ifever again he durit meddle
with me. Er:; , 213
After this my.Brother carryed me to one Sir 7/:/lsam Howarda Papiſt Knight, living/at
Arundel gate over Clemenrs,Church, who wasvery familiar with Sir Frayces Windchanks,
relling him what had hapned-unto me,and defiring him to carry me with bimin his Coach
to Sir Francis, and to gethis protetion for me. Secretary windebaukeunderſtanding
who Iwas, told me, Iſhou!d fear no Purſevant of them all, and that it Tlived quictly
in Eng/and, no hody ſhould trouble me,  and that Fohn Gray wasa Knave, and wiſhedime
if ever he medled with me again, to comeunto him. Though for che preſent this was
good and commodious for me to have ſuch favonr and proteRtion, yet Iperceiyed,-this
my Brothers:power,  and this conniving of Prieſts and Jeſuites could.not. be nſefull
for me, if_ I ſhould publiſh my minde and purpoſe to alter,my_ Religion. - I-was
therefore much. troubled/in minde, 'and._ conſcience, /which I'found was: curbed with
the great power: of the Papiſts. I reſolved therefore- to 'g0. againiout! of- England,
and to trayellin ſome other Countreys, amongſt both Papitts and Proteſtants, and'to
try what better fatisfation.T could. finde for my._conſcience at Rome inthat Religion,
or-in Frauce and Germany amongſt the Proteſtants. .T.writ therefore-to the Gerie-
rall of the. Dominicans at Rowe, (without  whoſe Licenſe I could. not [goe. thither)
that he would be pleaſed ro. ſend me his Letrers Patents, to g0 to- conferre [ſpme
points with him, which be willingly granted unto me. T wanted not money from
my.-Uncle.. ( who  commended unto me ſome buſineſſe to_ be. diſpatched for him
at Rowe)) for ſo-long a Journey, other friends alſo helped me ; but my chief- truſt
.was .upon. my .Brother: Colonel Gage, then in-the Low Conntreys, whom I knew

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' and from thence to Coliex in Germayy. From Leidpe

 

no, nor had ſeen him froma childe, T had no other Paſſeto t
onely the Letter of a Papitt in Zoyd; ( by means of one Popham 4 Dominican Fryer )
to Sir 7ohn Mamvod his Lady, who was then Governour of Dever Caftle, and with
the aforefaid Letter ſuffered me not'ro be rroubled, examined or ſearched bur gave Or-
der that I ſhould freely and quietly paſſe over inthe Packet-boat to Dctn/(gſſſi/@ wherewith
in four hours with a good wind Tarrived, and from thence by Newportand l);ridſfſ went
r0 Gart ; not far from whence my Brother with his Regiment lay in field againſtſſzhe Hil-
lander. He was glad to ſee me, and knowing what Journey T was minded to take - fur-.
niſhed me with more money, and for my Uncles bulineſſe, recommended me to the
Marques de Seralvo (then at Brſſels) and toother great men, defjring them to giveme
their Letters to their friends at Rowme ; from them T got a Letter ro Dou £Franciſco Barba-
7iui, the Popes Nephew, and one of the chief Cardinalsthen in Rome; likewiſe to Car-
dinal Czcxa, and Cardinal Alborpos, both Spariarde. With theſs Lercers I thought I
ſhould have occaſiop of ſome converſation with theſe pillars of the Church of Ronzejand
in diſcourſe might pry into the hearts and wayes of them, and fee whether in them were
more policy then Religion. By reaſon of the Wars berween France and the Low Corn-
rr4es, Tdurſt not make my Journey the neereſt and ſhorrek way through France; but
though there were Wars alſo in Germany, Tthought thar would be my ſateft way, and I
deſired much to look into the Proteſtant and Lytheray Chnrch inthat Countrey. Where.
upon Treſolved from Br»ſels to go ro Namurs, and. from thence by water to Leidge,

. © Colen, though we were twelye
in Company, we were' much troubled with Souldiers, yet God ſtill delivered me, and
brought me ſate to Colex; from whence by the River Zb;yeI went in boat to Frankefort
in Seprember, at thetime of that great Fair, whereT knew I ſhould meet company of
Merchants to any part of 7raly. Inall my Travels I never made a more pleafanr Journey
then that which I made by the River Rhize, where Thad occaſion to ſee-many fair and
goodly Cities. In Frankefore there T began to take notice of the Lstheran Church, and
tor the ſpace of a fortnight that I ſtayed there, had many thoughts of diſcovering my
ſelf there, anddiſclaiming Popery, thinking that there I might be ſure and ſafe, and lie
hid and unknown to my Brothers and kindred, who in Exgland would not ſaffer me to
livea Proteſtant. Yet againT conſidered how hard it would be for me a ſtranger to
ſubſiſt there,and to get any livelyhood,for the which I muſt firſt get the Native tongue,
andthough many pointsthat were oppoſite to the Church of Rome pleaſed me, yet in
ſome points of that Religion my conſcience was noc ſatisfied. A the end of the Fair T
ſought out for company, and found neer a dozen Wagons which were upon ſetting out
towards Anſpurg, with goods of Metchants, who had alfo hireda Convoy of thirty
Souldiersto go along with them; which I thought would be fafe com pany for me
with them, and many other paſſengers and travellers that went in the Wagons, and on
foot, by them, T wentas faras the famous and gallant City of Axſpurg ; from whence
forward there was no great danger, neither in what part belonged to the Duke of Bava:
7ia, norinthe County of 73o/: from whence we paſſed ſome four together to T; rent ;
where I was taken with the firſt Ague that ever in my life Tremembred 7 had, which con=
rinued 7 moneths upon me. Tthoughr from thence to have continued my journey by land
to Yexice,but my Ague ſuffered meto go but to Yerona; from whenceT turned r6 Millan,
and fo to Genona, leaving my good company ; that from Genoun T might g0 by Sea to
Ligorne, and fo likewiſe to Rome. Affer a fortnights ſtay in Genona, Twent with the
Galleys of the greac Duke of Flirexce to Ligorne, where I found no Boats ready to Rome,
andſointhe mean time, whileſt they were preparing, Iwentto P;/a and Fhrence to ſee
thoſe braye Cities, and returned againto Ligorne, where I found many boatsready to
ſer out to Rowe. : :

The firft night and day we had a- fair wind.to Piombino; but there it turned,
and continued contrary for almoſt three weeks. Ar laſt it pleaſed God to ſend vs 4
fair wind, wberewith we went outmany Boats and Fallnco's in company together;
thinking all had been friends; but when we came neer to the Caitle of Honalts,
moſt of the Boats having got before us, two that went in company with the Boat
wherein Iwas, ſuddenly ſerupon us, and ſhewed themſelyes ro' be French Pirates, who
robbedus all, and took from me all the moneyThad, which was not then aboye five
pound,leaving me ſome Bils of Exchange which I had to take up money at Rome: after we,

2 Were

1ke ſhipping at Dover, but

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A New Survey of the Weſt-Indies.
were robbed we calledin at Civzta Yecha , for relief, whereI metwitha good Exgliſh
Merchant, who freely beſtowed upon me proviſion both of wine and meat, as much as
would well ſuffice me and a friend to Rewe, whither we got ina day and night. When L
came to Rome, Idelivered my Lettersto the Cardirals; of whom the two Spaniards T
found proud and ſtately ; but Doz Franciſco Barbarini, (who was intituled the Prote&or
ofEn2land) I found more traQtable, kind, and loving. I perceived by his diſcourſe that he
knew much of Eng1and, and defired to know more; and propounded unto me many ,
queſtions concerning the ſtate of this Kingdome, and efpecially concerning the Arch= ct
biſhop of Canterbury, whom he ſeemedto affe&, and yet ſometime again would fay, f
hefeared he would cauſe ſome great diſturbance in our Kingdome, and that certainly (

for his fake and by his means the King had diſſolyed lately che Parliamence ( which was
that which before this now fitting was ſo ſuddenly difſolyed by his Majeſty,) which he ?
feared Scotlandand moſt of the people of England, would take very ill. He asked me ÞL
further what conceit the people had of the faid Archbiſhop, and whether they did not 4
miſtruſt that he complyed with the Court of Rowe. And laftly, he told me that he P
thoughr the creating of an Eng/;h Cardinall at Rome, might be of great conſequence -
for the converſion of the whole Kingdome. T laid up in my heart all this diſcourſe, and -
well perceived ſome great matters were inagitation at Rexe,and ſome ſecrer complyance Cct
from England with that Court, which I purpoſed to diſcoyer moreat large among ſome n
friends there. K
Afeer this diſcourſe with the Cardinall, T was invited to the Engliſh Colledge to din- ſiſſ**
ner, by one Fathes Fi:zherbert, who was then Rector, a great Stateſ-man and Politician, Y\'ſſ"ſſ
with whom Thadalſo great diſconrſe concerning my Brother Colonel Gage, concerning 0
my travels in America,and laſtly concerning Exgland,whereofT perceived little diſcourſe f
could be had in Rowe, except the Archbiſhop 77iliam Laud had his part and ſhare in it. 4
The Jeſuite began highly to praiſe the Arch-prelate for his moderate carriage towards -
Papiſts and Priefts, boaſting of the free accefſe which one Simons,alias Flood a Jeſuite,had Eyy
unto,himat all hours, and inall occaſions; and to extoll him the more,he brought in the c0nl
Archbiſhop 4#bo#, whom he cryed downas much for a crue!l enemy and perſecutor of l
the Church of Rexe, and of all Papiſts and Prieſts. But the now Archbiſhop, ſaid he, is (*b
not onely fayourable unto us there, but here deſireth to make daily demonftrations of trot
his great affection to this our Court and Church; which he ſhewed not long ſince in ſen- ehe
ding a Common-prayer Book, (which he had compoſed for the Chnrch- of Scorland ) the
to be firſt viewed and approved of by our Pope and Cardinals. Who peruſing it, liked tha
it very well, for Proteltants to be trainedina form of Prayer and Service; yet confide- tolt
ring the State of Scor/azd, andthe temper and tenents of that people, the Cardinals befor
( firſt giving him thanks for his reſpe& and dutiful complyance with them) ſent him word njp1
that they thought that form of Prayer was not fitting for Scor/apd,but would breed ſome - tong
ſtir and unquietneſle there, for that they underſtood the Srors were averſed from all ſer upo
forms, an(c]l would not be tyed and limited to theinvention of mans ſpirit,having (as they CUp
thonght)the true and unerring Spirit. of God in them, which could better teach and orſ
direct them to pray. All this (faid Father F;:zherbert) T was witneſſe of, who wasthen tru
ſent for by the Cardinals (as in all like occafions and affairs concerning England, to give
them my opinion concerning the faid Commonprayer Book,and the temper of the Scors. In;

But the good Archbiſhop (quoth he) hearing the cenſure of the Cardinals concerning his
intentionand Form of Prayer, to ingratiate himſelfthe more into their Hvour,corrected
fome things init, and madeit more harſh and unreaſonable for that Nation, which we

already hear they have tomached at,and will not ſuffer it in' many partsto beread ; and Con
we juſtly fear, that this his Common-prayer Book, and his great complyance-with this Iace
Court, willat laſt bring firife and divition between the two Kingdomes of Scetlaxdand -
England. ?

.(gnd this moſt true Relation of 77:/iam Laud late Archbiſhop of Canterbury, (though pY
Lhave often ſpoken of it in private diſcourſe, and pyblickly preached it at the LeRure of ke
Wingham in Kent) Icould not in my conſcience omit it here ; both to vindicate the juſt May
cenſure of death, which the now firting Parliament have formerly given againſt him, Tiny
for ſuch like practiſesand compliance with Rowez and ſecondly,to reprove the ungroun- hri«
ded opinion anderrorof fome ignorant and malignant ſpirits, who ro my knowledge k
have lince his death highly exalted him, and cryed himup for a Martyr. At the fame

time
Cn Rn - =

 
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u time while{tT was at Rowe, I underſtood of another reat buſineſſ* concerning,
s then in agitationamonglt the Cardinals, and much groſecuted by this Z?fſſzſiictſſffiſizctctfi
one Father Courrmeya Jeluite,: Son to one Sir Thrmas Leeds, which was, to create o,neſſZ)f
the Exg/ih Nation Cardinal, that fo the converſion of England, what by the afliftance
of williarm Laxd, whatby the power of a higher perſon, and what by che authoriry of
the'faid Cardinal; might be more fully and earneltly plorred and endeyoured. This b%,]ſi_
nefſe was much agitared in Eyglayd by Signior Cox, at whoſe houſe in Zoyp Aher were
many meetings of thechief Gentry of the Papiſts. In Rime Sir YV515,41 Fmires then
Agent for the Queen, vied much for the ſaid Cardinals Cap, and gora great number of
friends to further this his ambirious deſigne. But hewas too young and ſome ſcandal ofa
Gentlew'oman, whoſtuck'too cloſe to him, made thered'Ca p unkit for hishead-. and ſe-
. condly, becauſeagreater then he, to wit, Sir Kenethans Dighy was appointed by 'the Qu,
te to be her Agent there ; who ſent before him -his Chaplain, a great Policicianand activc.
vt Prieft, named F3rros, ro take up his lodgingand make way, and friends for his ambitious
preferment ; who in his daily diſcourſe cryed up his Maiter Digby tor Cardinal, andtold
me abſolutely that he doubted not but he would carry it. Bur rhough he had great fa-
d vour from the Queen, and was her Apent, 'yert he had ſtrong Antagoniſts in 7 itzherbert
ie Conrtney,and'the reft of the'crue of the Jeſuites, who looked upon that honor and red
j Cap as better/becoming one of their profeſſion,and fitter fora head which had formerly
wornea four cornered black Cap,to wir, Sir Toby Mathy. -But incaſerhe faid Cap ſhonld
fall from Sir 7oby his head, then they would help and further a third,. whoſe birth and
Nobility ſhould adyance him before Sir Kenelhan Digby, to wit, Y/alter Mountaoge the
old Earl of Maxcheſter his Sonar that time. ' B
And thus itwas a general and credible reportin Rowe, that either a D; gby.a Marhy, or
a Hountague ſhould that yeer be made Cardinal. Whereby I perceived that Eng[,p{ym[
wascoming neer to Rowe, andthat my deſigne of profeſling and fol lowing the truth in
i England, was blaſted, and thar in vain T had comie from America for fatisfation of my
" conſcience in England. Iwas more troubled now then eyer, and deſired to iry all wayes,
if Icould be better fatisfied concerning the Popiſh Religion'in Rome, Naples ; ot Venice
(whither I went) thenThad been in America,and among 'the Spaniards. But I found fach
exorbitances and ſcandalsin the lives of ſome Cardinals of Rome, whileſt I was there
eſpecially in Dox Antomio Barbaring, and Cardinal Burgef, who at midnight was taken by
the Corchetes or Officers of Juſtice in uncivil wayes, and came off from them with money;
that T perceived their Religion was but as I had'found it in America,a wideand open dore
to looleneſſe and policy,and the like in Naptes and Venice, which made me even hate whar
beforeT had profeſſed for Religion, and relolve, if T could not live in Englayd, and there
injoy my conſcience, that I would live in Fraxce for a while, until Thad well learned that
tongue, and then aſſociate my, ſelf unto the beſtreformed Proteſtant Church : Wheres
uponT obtained from the Generall of the Dominjcansthis enſuing Order to live :in the
Cloyſter of 0rleans, intending from thenceat my beſt opportunity to $0.t0 Paris, Lyons,
or ſome other place, and ſhake oif my Magpie habir, andto live and diein Eravcein the
ct true Proteſtant and reformed Religionas profeſſed there.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Anglicane Ordinis Predicatorum Frater Nicolawms Rodwlfis totings ej #{dems
Ordints <Magiter Generalis as ſeruus in Domino ſalutem,
Conventui noftro Aurelianenſy Provincie noftre Francie de probo & optimo Parre
Sacerdote providere cupientes, Tenore preſentiums, & noftri anthorttate officii ſu-
pra nominatum Reverendum Patrem Fratrem Thomam Gageum revocamy te 4
quovis alto Conventn, & Aſſignamu in dito Convents noſtre Aurelienenſs Aſ-
ſignatumque declaramis, in Nomine Patris, & I-'tlz_z, & Spiritus Santti, Amen.
ſi Mandantes Rdo. admodum Patri Magiſtro Priori illins, ws te benigne recipiat,
, cums onmi charitate tratftet. Tm quorum fidem hit officis noſtri fegillo manitis pro-

, In Dei filis fibi Dileflo Reverendo Patri Fratri Thoms Gagco \Provincie
l
|
|

pris manu ſtzbſtriſtfimm. Datum Svriani die nono Aprils, 1640. -
- Frarer Nicolaus Magiſter Frater Igaatius Gianres Magiſter ;
Ocdicnis; 2 ' Provincialis Angliz, & Socius. S
T's The

 
 

 

E216 - . A New Sarvey of the Weſt-ln(%ie;——_N

d

The Form whereof (as alſo the manner of ſending Fryers from one Cloiſter to live F
another,  commonly called by them an Aſſi gnation) 15in Engl:ihas followeth.

To our Belowvedin the Son of God, the Reverend Father Fryer Thomas Gage,
of the Englith Province, of the Order of Preachers, Fryer Nicholas Rodul-
fius of the ſame mhole Order Maſter Generall, and Servant jn the Lord,
health and grectings :

\ N T E being willing and defirous to provide for our Convent of 071eavs, of

our Province of Fraxce, of an honeſt and very good Father and Pricſt ;
by Tenour of theſe preſent, and by the authority of our Office do recall you
the above named Reverend Fryer Thomas Gaze, from any other Conyenr, and
do Afligne you in our ſaid Convent of 0rleans, and declare youto be afligned,
in the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the, holy. Ghoſt, Amer,
Commanding the very Reverend Father Maſter Prior t.hercof, _that he receive
you courteouſly,and entertain you with all loye and charity.In witnefſe whereof
with our owne hand we have ſubſcribed rheſe, being ſealed with the ſeal of our
Office. Dated at $9r/anothe ninerh day of Aprill, 1640.

Fryer Nicholas Maſter :
of the Order. Fryer Ignatius Ciantes Maſter
Provinciall of England and
Companions .

Yet afrer T had got this'Order, 1 bethought my ſelf farther that T would try one
way, which was to ſee if Icould finde out a Miracle, which might give me better fatis-
faction of the Rowi/ſsReligion then had the former experience of my life, and thelives
of the Prieſts, Cardinals, and all fuch with whom I had lived in Spaiz and America. t
had heard much of a Picture of our Lady of Loretto, and read in a Book of Miracles or
Lies concerning the 'ſame; that whoſoever prayed before that piRture in the ſtate of
mortall ſin, the picture would diſcoyer the fin in the ſoul by bluſhing, and by fivea-
ting. Nowl framed this Argument to'my ſelf, that it wasa great fin, the fin ofunhe-
lief, or towaver and ftagger-in points of Faith ; but in me (according to the Tenents
of Rome): wasthis fin, for Icould not believe the point of Tranſubſtantiarion, and many
other ; 'therefore (if the Miracles which were printed of the forefaid Lady of Lorerro
were true, and not lies, certainly ſhe would bluſh and fweat, when fuch an unbeleeyver
asI prayed before her. - To make thistryall, Fwent purpoſely to Zoretto, and kneeling
down before God, not withany faithThad in the picture; T prayed earneſtly to the
true Searcher of all hearts,that in his Son Jeſus Chrift he would mercifully look upon
mea wretchedſinner, and inſpire and enlighten me with his Spirit oftruth,for the good
and falvation of my ſoul.In my prayerT had a fixed and fetled eye upon the Ladies
picure, but could. not. perceive - that ſhe did eirher ſweat or bluſh, wherewith T
aroſe upfrom my knees -much comforted and encouraged in my reſolutionto renounce
and abandon Popery, and(faying within my ſelfe as T went out of the Church, Surely
if my Lady neither ſweat nor bluſh, all is well with me, and I am in a good way for
falvation, and the miracles written of her are but lies. With this T reſolved to fol-
low the truth in ſome Proteſtant Church in Fraxce, and to relinquiſh error and ſaper=
Kition. Upon'which good purpoſe of mine, 'T preſently perceived the God of trith
did ſmile, with what I heard he was ordering in Exgland by an Army of Scotland,
raiſed for Reformation, and by a new Parliament called to zyeſtminſter; at which Iſaw

the Papiſts and Jeſuites there. began to'tremble, and to fay, thatit would blaRt all their
deſignes, and all their hopes of ſetling Popery ; #:am Land his policy was now con-
demned andcurſed, 7 was dead at Rome, the Cardinals Cap for one of the three fore-
namedwas no'moreſpoken of; Firrou was daunted, Fitzherbers and Coartney quite dife

: heartened,

 

£Q=c5A

-z =—=»> — M =>
 

— =-'S ——_ P eB eTN rEEenr nnnr eD InS SIE eINn S D m

A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies. 2

heartened, Sir Kenelhans Digby his Agency.and coming to. Rewe, put off-and fufpended,
and with all this good news Lwas much heartned and encouraged to leave off my.jour-
ney to Fraxce,and to return into Eng/and, where T feared not my Brother, nor any kin-
dred,nor the power of the Papiſts, bur:began.to rrult in the prorection of the Parliament
which Iwas informed would reform Religion, and make fuch Laws asſhould tend to the
undermining all the Jeſuites plors, aud to the contuſion and ſubyerſion of the Romih
errors and Religion. Iwas too weak of body to maxe my journey by Land (by reafon of
my long Ague which had but newly left me) and fo refolved co goto L3gorneto find out
ſhipping there ; where Ifound four or five ſhips of -Eng/iſhand Hollarders ready to fer
out, but were bound to touch at Zzbce in their way. ., Ibargained wich one Captain Scop
for my paſſage, firſt to L:5e, intending there to make a ſecond bargain. We. had no
ſooner failed on as far as to_ the Coalt of Fraxce, joyning to the Dutchy of Savoy,but:
preſently from-Caxes came out part of a Fleet lying there, under the'command: of _the
Biſhop of Bxrdeazx to diſcover us,and take us for a lawfull prize. might fay much here of.
the yalour of the good old Captain Scer,who ſeeing all che ocher ſhips had yeelded co the
French men of War, would upon no tearms yeeld to-bertheir prize, ( which, chey: chal-
lenged becauſe we were bound for L:boe, then their enemies Countrey, but would fight
with themall, & at laſt rather blow up his ſhip,rhen to deliver the goods which had been
intruſted to him by the Merchants of Zigorge. We were ina poſture to fight, :our, guns,
ready, and Mariners willing to.die that day, which was heayy news to me. After much
treary between the French and our valorous Captain, who ftill held our, and wonuld not
yeeld, there came up to.us two ſhips to giveusthe laſt warning, that if we yeelded noty
they would immediately ſer our ſhip on fire. With this all the paſſengers and many more,
in the ſhip defired the Captain to yeeld upon ſome- fair Articles for the ſecuring of what:
goods he had for Eng/and, and ſhould appear were notany way for the ſtrengthening.of
any enemies to the State and Kingdome of France. With much. adoe our Captain /was,
perſwaded, and we were carryed with the reſt into Cazes for a lawtul prize. I ſeeingthat
the ſhips were like to be ſtayed there long, obtained the Biſhop'of ZBardeaux his Paſle to
o to Marſels, and from thence by land through Fraxce. Which being granred,T went
Ey water to Toloy, and from thence to arſells, and ſo in company of Carriers to
Lions, and from thence to Parss, Roan, and Deep, wherein the firſt Packer-boat to Rye
I paſſed over to Engl/and, where I landed upon 243chaetmas day the fame yeerthar this
preſent Parliament began to fir the November, following. My Brothers Spirit I found
was not much daunted with the new Parliament, nor ſome of the proudeſt Papiſts, who
hoped for a ſudden diffolving of it. But whenIfaw their hopes fruſtrated by his Maje-
ſties conſent to the continuing ofit, Ithoughr tþe acceptable time was come for me,
whereinT ought not to diſſemble any further with God, the world, and my friends,
and ſo reſolved to bid adieuto fleſhand blood; and to prize Chriſt aboye all my kin-
dred,to own and profefſe him publickly, maugre all oppoſition of hell and kindred to the
contrary. T made my ſelf firſt known to Dr. Brunrick, Biſhop of Exeter,and to Mr. Shate
of Lumbard-ſtreet, from whomT had very comfortable and ſtrong incouragements. The
Biſhop of Exeter carryed me to the Biſhop of Zoyden then at Fullm, from whom I
received order to preach my Recantation Sermon at Pax/s : which done, T thought I
muſt yer do more to fatisfie the world of my fincerity, knowing that Conyerts are
hardly believed by the common ſort of people, unleſſe they ſee in them ſuch ations
which may further diſclaim Rowe for ever for the furure. Whereupon I reſolved toenter
into the ftate of Marriage ( to which God hathalready given_his bleſling,) which.the
Church of Rewe diſfavows to all her Priefts. What Thave beenable to diſcover for the
good of this StateThave done, and not ſpared (when called upon) ro give in true evi-
dence upon my Oath againſt Jeſuites, Prieſts and Fryers; for the which (after a fair invi-
ration from my Brother Colonel Gage, to come over againto Flangers, offering me 2
thouſand pound ready money ) Thave been once affaulted in Alder/pare-freet; and ano-
ther time like to be killedin Shove-lane by a Captain of my Brothers Regiment, named
Vincent Burto,who (asT was after ir}formed) came from Flanders on purpoſe to make me
away, or convey me over, and with ſuch a malicious defigne followed me to my
lodgiſig, lifring up the latch and opening the dore, (as he had ſeen me done) and
attempting to go up the ſtairs romy chamber, without any inquiry for me, or knoc-
king at the dore : from whom God graciouſly delivered me by the weak-means of a
E woman

 

 
 

 

212

 

A New Survey of the Weſt-Indies,

E ————m—m—_—
womanmy Land-lady, who ftop pedhim from going any further ; and being aemanded
his name, and anſwering by the name of Sreward, 'and my Land-lady telling him from
metharTknew him not, he went away chafing and faying, that Tſhould know him B
fore he had done with mz. 'But he thar knoweth God well, ſF-all knowno enemy to his
hurt ; 'neither haveT ever ſince ſeen or known this man. Tmight here alſo write downe
the contents of a threatning Lerter from my own Brother, when he was Colonel for the
King of England, and Governor of Oxford, whichT forbear with ſome render confi-
derationof fleſh and blood. At rhe beginning of the Wars, Tconfeſſe Twasat a ftand as
Neophyre and new plant of the Church of Zg/and, concerning the lawfulneſſe of the
War ; and ſo continued above a yeer in Zopdoy, ſpending my own means, till arlaſt Twas
fully fatisfied,and much troubled to ſee that the Papiſts and moſt of my kindred were en-
tertained arOxford, and in other place, of the Kings Dominions; whereupon Ireſolyed
upon achoice for theParliament cauſe, 'which now intheir loweſt eſtate & condition.Iam
not aſhamed to acknowledge. From their hands and by their order Ireceived a Benefice
inthe which I have continued almoſt four yeers, preaching conſtantly for a through and
godly Reformation-intended by them, which T am ready to witneſle with the beſt drops
of bloodinmy'veins, though true itis, Ihave been enyyed, jealouſied, and ſuſpeted
by many, to whomT defire this my Hiſtory may be a better witneſſe of my fincerity, and
that by it T may perform what our Saviour Chriſt ſpake to Peter, faying, And rhoy Zeiſſ}zg
converted, ſtrengthen thy Brethres. Tſhall think my time and pen happily employed, if by
whathereT havewritten, Imay ſtrengthen the peruſersof this ſmall Volume aſigainſt
Popiſhſuperſtition, whether in_ Eng/a»4, other parts of Enrope, Afia, or America for
the whichT ſhall offer up my daily prayers unto him who (as I may wel ſay) mimcukct)ufly
brought me from Americato Englard, and hath made uſe of meas a 7/zph to diſcover
thetreaſures of /£gypr, or asthe Spies to ſearch into the Landof Canaay, even rhe God
of allNations, to whom be aſcribed by me and all true and faithfull Beleeyers, Glory
Power, Majeſty and Mercy for eyer more, A4res. :

 

THE END.

 

 

Is1

t0!

whi
 

 

Some brief and ſhort Rules for the betterlearning of
the [n#7an tongue, called Poconchi or Pocoman, commonly

|
l*
1\)
l

 

uſed about Gzaremala, and ſome other parts of Honduras,

Lthough it be truethar by the daily converſation which in moſt places the
A[ndzam have with the Spaniards, they for the moſt part underſtand the
Spaniſhrongue in common and ordinary words, ſothat a Spantard may travel
amoneſt them, and be underſtood in what he calleth for by ſome or other of
the Officers, who are appointed to attend upon all ſuch as travel and paſſe
throughtheir Towns: Yet becauſe the perfe& knowledge of the Spariſh rongue
is not io commonto all 1ndiazs, both men and women, nor ſo generally ſpoken
by them as their own,therefore the Prieſts and Fryers have taken pains to learn
the Native tongues of ſeveral places and Countreys, and have ſtudyedto bring
them toa form and method of Rules, rhat ſo the uſe of them may be continued
to ſuch as ſhall ſucceed after them. Neither is there any one language generall
toall places, but ſo many ſeveral and different one from another, that from
Chiapaand Z eques, t Guatemala, and San Salvador, and all abour Honduras,
there arc ar leaſt eighteen ſeveral Languages z and inthis diſtrit ſome Fryers
who have perfe&ly learned fix or ſeven of them. Neither in any place are
the 7nd1ars tavght or preached unto bur in their Native and Mother-tongue,
which becauſe the Prieſt onely can ſpeak, therefore are they ſo much loved
and reſpe&ed by the Natives. And although fot the timeT lived there,T lear-
ned and could ſpeak in two ſeyeral rongues, the one called Chacciquel, the othet
Poconchi or Pocoman,which have ſome connexion one with another; yet the Po-
conchi being the eaſjeſt, and moſt elegant, and that wherein I did conſtantly
preach and reach, I thought fit to ſer down ſome Rules of ir, - ( with the Lords
Prayer, and briet declaration of eyery word init ) to witneſſe and. teſtifie to
poſteriry the trurh of my being in thoſe parts,and the manner how thoſe barba-
rous tongues have, are, and may belearned, ' :

There is not inthe Poconchi tongue, nor ifiany other the diverfity of declen-
fions, which is inthe Latine rongue z yerthereisa double way of declining all
Nowns, and conjugating all Verbs, and thatis with divers particles, according
to the words beginning with a vowel or a conſonant ; neither is thereany diffe.
rence of caſes, but onely ſuch asthe ſaid Particles or ſome Prepofitions may
diſtinguiſh. R ,

The Particles for the words or Nowns beginning witk a Conſonant, are as
followeth :

Sing. Nu, 2, Ru. Plural. Ca; Ata, 2ui tarque. As for cxample, Pat figni-
fieth a Houſe, and Tat fignifierh Farher, whichare thus declined: _

Sing. Nupat my houle, 4patthy houſe, Rupat his houſe, Plural. Capar our
houſc, 4parza.your houſe, Qxipes racquetheir houle, &

1ng.

 

 
C —_- —

    

='Y - $

214 A NewSurvg of the Weſt-Indies, -

IET - ſi

b
&1

 

 

Sing. Nutat my Father, 4tat thy Father, Rutat his Father. Plural. Catat our
Fathcr, Atarr« your Father, Qwtartacque their Father. Thus are declined
Nownes beginning with a Conſonant. As, 2ueh,a horſe, Nuqueh, Aqueh,
Ruqueh, &c. Hub,bookor paper, Nuhuh, Abub, Ruhuh., Moloh, Epge, Nu-
moloh, Amoloh, Rumoloh. Holom, Head, Nuholom, Aholom, Ruholom, chi,
Mouth, Nuchz, Achi, Ruchi; Cam, Hand, Nucam, Acaw, Racham, Chac, Fleſb,
Nuchac, Achac, Ruchac. Car, Filh, Nucar, Acar, Rucar, Cacar, Acarta, Ai car-
zarque, Chacquil, body or flcſh of man, Nachacquil, Achacquil, Ruchacquil,
Cachacquil, Achacquilta, Quichacquil tacque. '

Some words there are which are pronounced like #s, which are wricten not
with #s, burwith this lerrer 73, peculiar in tharrongue z as #5; dog, 75:quin bird;
Nutsi my Dog, 4ts:thy Dog, R#ts; his Dog ;  Catsi our Dog, Arsira your
Dog, 2virsi racque their Dog. Nutsiquin, my Bird, Atsiquin thy Bird, Ruts;-
qwin his Bird, Catsiq#in our Bird, Ats:quinta your Bird, 9uitsi quintacque their
Bird.

There are no ſeyerall terminations for caſes, as in Latine z but the caſes are
diſtinguiſhed with ſome particles or prepoſitions, as for example, The houſe
of Perer, Rupat Pedro, putting the poſleſſors name, and the, particle Ru, which
is a poſſcſhyc., So for the dative, and the particle Rez as for example, giveto
Peter his Dog, Chaye re Pedro Rutsi,  For the accuſative, when it is motionto 4
place, or elſc not, adde C z as for example, I'gotothe houſe of Perer, Quino
chirupat Pedro. The Y ocative admitteth of this particle, ah, or ha, of wiſhing,
orcalling, as, O my Son, or ho my Son, 4h vacsr, or ha vacun. The Ablative
keeping ſtill the ſame termination with the Nominarive, is expreſſed with ſome
prepoſition or other, as inmy mouth, pay auchi; with my hand, chi nucam. In
fignifying 1,is undeclinable, as alſo Ar, ſignifying you, or thou, The poſſefliye
Mine 1s alſo undeclinable, as v: chiz, mine,or tor me; ſo thine, or for thee, Ave.
Where note that inthis Tongue there is no w, but 2,, or #, are pronounced as w,
as though we pronounce wacun my Son, wichin mine or for me, awethine or for
thee z we write vacun, vichin, ave,

'The particles or letters which (erve for Nowns beginning with a Vowel, are
as followeth. Singul, Y, 4v. R. Plural; C. or :2%., Av. ta, C. or qu, tacque, as
for example, cux fignifieth Son, 7xizz Corn, 0choch likewiſe houſe, which
arc thus declined.

Sing, Yacun my (on, Avacus thy ſon, Racup his fon 5 Plural. Cacu our fong
Awvacunta your fon, Cacuntague their fon. ſi

Sing. Yixim my corn, Aviximthy corn, Rixim his corn; Plural, Duixim
our corn, Aviximtayour corn, ,2uiximtacque their corn.

Sing. Yschoch my houſe, Avococh thy houſe, Rochoch his houſe;' Plural. Co-
choch our houſe, Avochochrayour houle, Cochochtaque their houle,

So likewiſe are variedor declined Abix, ſignifying a plantation; or peece of
ground ſown. Acalcarthor ground. 7le.allo,carch orground. Acach hen. Save
onely thatthe wards beginning with 7, admir 9#,-in the firſt and third perſon
plurall, the reſt admitfor the ſame perſons plurall, C onely.

And as thus I have obſerved for the varying or declining of Nowns,foalſo do
all the Verbs admirof ſeveral. particles fortheir conjugating, according as they
brgin either witha vowel or a conſonant.

Thoſe that begin with a conſonanc have ſomewhar like the Nowns theſe arti-
des following. ſi

Ting\ Nuy Ne, Inrs. Piural. Ince, Nata, Inquitacque, Ais for example, locoh
to love, :

Sinos
- 4

— ,.

 

 

 

Sing. N»locohT love, Xalecob thoy loveſt, Izralocoh he loyeth; Rlural, Inca-
locoh we love, Nalocohtaye love, inquilocohtacque they love, K

Nproca or Nuraps, 1 whip or beat; Naroca.or Narapa,thou whippeſt or beateſt;
Tarsroca or Inrurapa, he whippeth or beateth, Plural. Incaroca gr Incaraps, we
whip or beat ; Narocata or Narapata, ye whip.or beatz Inqsirocatacque.or, I);Wz'.
rapatacque, they whip or beat. - IEY T e=

Nutsba | write, Natſiba thou writeſt, Tnrutsibahe writeth, Plural. Incatsiha,we
write, Natsibata ye write, I8quits;batagque, they write.

T here is no preterimperfect tenſe, nor preterpluperieRrtenſe; bur the preter-
perfe>t tenſe ſtandeth for them , neither isthere any-future, bur the preſeny tenſe
expreſſcth ir, ard is underſtood for ir, according tothe ſenſeof the aiicourſe, as
Nulccho Pedro,l love or wil love Perer,Tinwocoh,l loyethec,or I willove thee:
Yer ſometimes for fuller expreſſion of the future renſe, is added this Yerb, invs
I wil, Navathou wilt, 1n74 he wil; as Inva nulocoh, Pedro, 1 wil love Peter, »

The particles for the Preterperie& renſe are as follow.:

Sing. [x##, x, ixr#;, Plural, Ixca, x4, 14 ixq#1 t4cquue, Whete notethat.in
all theſe particles, and in all this language, the letter x is pronounced like, ſh, as
ixnulike i[hnn, xalike ſha, ixru like ſhry, ixca like iſbea, and ſo forth, ſi

Preterperf. Sing. Ixa#locoh I haye loved, xaloceh thou haſt loyed, ixruloceb
he hath loved ; Plural. 7xcalocoh we haye loved, xalocehtaye hayeloved, ixguy=
locohtacque they have loved, And fo of all the Verbs aboye.

Theparticles for the Imperative mood are theſe following :
© Fox the ſingular number, and ſecond perion Cha, forthe third perſon fingu-
lar Chirs; for the firſt perſon plural. Chica, for the ſecond Chata, for thethird
Chiquitacque z as for example : Chalecoh loye tho, Chirn/ocoh let, bimiloye;;
Plural. Chicalocoh ler us love, Chalecohra love ye, Chiquilacehtarque, let them
Jove. And fo of the reſt of the Yerbs aboye,

The Optative Mood isthe ſame with the Indicatiye, adding to.it this particle
Ta, which ſignificth as much as tinazs, or Would to God, as Nalocoh t« Dios,
would God thou love God z Ix1n/ocoh ta Dios, would God I had loved God.

The ConjunRive Mood alſo is the ſamewith the Indicative, adding to it this
particle and prepoſition vez and 74, It. As for example, wci nalocoh 14 Dios, if
thou love God, ver ixnglocoh ta Dios, 1f Thad loyed God.

"" There isno Infinirive Mood, butthe Indicative ſerveth for it. As 2uenchal
nutsiba 1 can write, 2vinquim! fignifierhto die, Nurgeh I deſire, Nurach quin-
quimi, 1 defite todie,

* Noxe further, tharin all Verbs AQives, when Mee and Thee are expreſſed
25the Accuſative caſe following the Vetb, they are coupled tothe perſon thar
dothor goeth before the verb, by theſe two (particlcs for the preſent renſe, 2»in
mce, Ti ihee, And forthe preterperiedt tenſe, i» mee, 1544 thee; 2s for exam-

plea*)uimlawh thou lovelt me, xinalocoh thou haſt loved me, quinraalocoh thou
wilt love me, q#inalocobt4love me, or I pray God thou love-me,vezj quinelogoh,
if thou love me, ve xinaloceh ifthou haſt or hadſt loved !n_c,._quſſinamc_h walo-
coh,rhou Celireſtto love me. Sofor the ſecond perion bring.the Accuſative,
Tizalocoh 1 love thee, ixtin#locoh T baye loyed thee, 24ranulaceh Þ will love
thee, tin#locohta pray God:l loye thee, 20 f_izzylo_cph if I loye thee, wer fxri-
n1locoh, if 1. have or. had loved thee, tinurach gulocoh 1 defire 10 love
thee, : _ !
Note further, that theſe two Verbs, Quinchal, which fignifierh, Lcan,or am
able, and T-v4 which fignifieth, Iwill, when they are put with ocher Vcrb; Xoi;

12

 

—dNew Surfvgl of the Weſt-Indies. - ſizls

 
216 A New Survey of the W eſt-Indies.

 

 

wharſocver perſon, they areclegantly but imperſonally in the'third perſon Sin-
gular.. Asfor example : :

Inchol nulocoh T can love, inra nulocoh Twill love, ixraixanlocoh I have been
willing tolove, 7xchol iznnlacoh I have been able to love, tichol aulocoh 1 can
love thee, tira nulocoh 1 will love thee,

The Letters or Particles for. Verbs bceginning with a Yowel, aretheſe thar
follow, :

Sing. Inv. Nave Inr, Plural. Tnqu.or Tac. Nan ta. Dſſqu tacque,or Tnc FACGHC.
As for cxample, Ec fignifiethto deliver, which is thus formed :

Sing. 1aveg«I dcliver, Navegathou delivereſt, Inreca he delivercth. Plural.
Tnquees we deliver, Navegata yedeliver, Inqueca tacque they deliver,

Aisa {imple,fignifyingto wiſh or defire,or will athiog,which is never found
without thele particles.

Sing. 1nva I will, Nava thou wilt, Inrs he will, Plural. 7yca we will, Nawata
ye will, Inca tacque they will. Iverch to hear. Invivireh | hear, xavivireh thou
heareſt, znriwirch he hearerh, Plural. 199#vireh we he ar, ravivirehta ye hear,
inquivirech tacque they hear.

Thus havcl briefly ſer down the way of declining all forts of Nowns, and
conjugating all ſorts of Verbs of this tongue. Itremaineth now thar I peak of
Verbs Paſhyes, their forming and their conjugating with like parricles. The
Veibs Paſhives being of divers terminarions, arc diverſly formed. Commonly
thoſe that end withan , cur off the  in the Paſſive, and to the laft confonant
add hj, As for example : Nuroca I whip or beat, the paſlive is @uinroch!, So
Nurapa E whip or beat, inthe paflive is unraphi. Except Nuts164 1 write,
which changeth 6 into. 2%intsimhi T am written. Thoſe that end in oh,change
oh'into 0nh1; as Nwlocoh T love, Quyinloconhi Tam loved. Sothoſe that endin
ch, do change ch into bj, as Invwireh T hear, 9uinivirhi I am heard 5 Nucata
Freach, 2curhi Tamraughr, by the firlt rule.” But thoſe that end in c4
(where note this letter & or c,with attirtle under it, is pronounced Jike f, ) change
the «into ih7. As forexample, Inveca I deliver, Buinecihi T am delivered.
Nucamga T kill, Quicamcih: T am killed: Thoſe thatendin ach, add hi inthe
Paffive, as Nucach I forgive, inthe paſſive maketh Lwuincacchi 1 am forgiven.
The particles that. vary or conjugate the Verbs Paffives, are thcſe follow-
ing: :

gSing. 21in, 11, in. Plural. Coh, or Ce, tita, quitacque. As forexample :

Luilocoschil am loved,tiloconhithou arc loved, intoconti he is loved. Phirat:
Coloconhi we are loved, tiloconhita ye arc loved, quiloconhi racque they are
loved.

Luinrochi 1 am beaten or whipped, tirechi thou art beaten or whipped, 7--
rochi heis beaten or whipped. Plural. Corochi we ars beaten or whipped, z7-
rochita yeare beaten or whipped, quirochi tacque they are bcaten or whip=

ed.

: The particlesfor the preterperſe&tenſe are theſe followin g:

Sing. X1#, ixti, ix. Plural. Xohor x0, ixti ta, xitacqur, As for cxample-

Sing. Xinloconhil have been loved, ix7iloaonhi thou haſt been loved, xls-
c0nh1 he hath been loyed. Plural. xoloconhi we have been love d, ixtiloconhita
ychave been loved, xiloconhi racqne they have been loved. Xiarech; I havebecn
whipped'or beaten, #xzirochithou haſt been whipped or bearen, ixrochi he hath
been whipped or beaten. Plural. Xorochi or xohrochi we have been whippcd or
beaten, ixtirochirayehaye been whipped or beaten, x5rachs racque they have
beeowhipped or beateni þ

The

 
A New Survey of the W eſt-Indics, 517

The Inperative Mood ;is thus «. | :

Tilocophi,Be thouloved, Chiloconhoglethim be loved. Plural.\Chicaloconbo.
ler.us be loved, Tloconhora, be ye loved,. Chiquilocanho racque ,; ler them; be
loved. Where,you (ee the particle hiis changedinto bv, i}

The, Opranve ,Mood, and the Conjundive-are /after the) manner of. the
Verbs Actives,by putting to 74 inthe Optative,and vei inthe ConjunRives As
for example. ſi : act R

Luinlogonhi ta, 1 pray God I be loyeds Tilvconhira, IprayiGod thou, be
loved 3- 1uleconbita, Ipray God he be loved; Cobloconhira, I priay God webe
lovedz Tiloconbitata, 4. pray God. ye. be loved,;;2yiloconhiratacque, 1 pray
God they be loved.\...., l; ”n ſſ

'So'in the Preterperfe& tenſe'10 only:is-added :-as for exunple..

Xinloconhi ta,would to God I haye ox-had been loved,Lxtilorophita,pray God
thou baſt or hadſt been loved, xlocopbita,Pray:God he haye or had been loved.
Piur. Xoloconhite,pray God we haye or had been loyed; 1xrilooonhi ta 1o,1 pray
God yehaveor had been loved, Xiloconh} ratacque,T pray Godthey:have or hid
been:loyed. Where note thatthe particle #a, if any-other word, or-fentence be
put- with.the Verb, may be/pur betore the,Verb, as'Nim 14 2yinloconhi, l pray
God Ibe greatly loved, Ocherwiſc jf the Verb bealone, zais placed aiter it;

The ConjunCtive Mood is thus,Yei 2uinloconbi, if I be loved, Yei riloconhi,
if thou,beloved, and  ſoforth, . _' '

This:is all, which .commonly, is/ raught concerning! this/ rongue- ln which
grounds he tharis perfe& in,and hatch a DiRionary.ofthe ſcyeralbwords of it,
may:foonlearn toſpeak it, As Ifhall underſtandby my beſt friends, thar there
is 2 defife of further prinzing a Dietionary,I ſhall ſatisfie their deſires, andapply
my felf unto it. Theſe few rules tor thepreſent I havethought fir xo.print,. for
curiofity.ſake, andthar ir may appear, how ealie the Indian tongues-are'ro be

Jearned. 1 ſhall concludethis unparalleld work,, with the Lords Prayer-inthar

tongue,and with a brietexplicarion-ob-it; » »» 4
- Caxat taxah wilcat , Nimia incahargthi avi ; Inchalita Avihauripan:Cand, In-

w/anivita ,Nava yahvir wacacal, he: invantaxah. Chayt runa tahubunta quih
wiic's Nagachtamac, he incagachve quimac ximacquivi chiquih'; Maconcana
ehipam cataccbyhi z Coawegata chinamache stiri, mani guiro, heingui, Amen.

Note, Carat, accordingtotherule of declining Nouns, is-the firſt_perſon
plucal, which is known.by che particle Ca, added to, Tat,which fignificth farher;
and Catat is our father, -+þ

Taxah ſignificth heaven; itis put before the word oryerb wilcat,for more cle-
gancy ſake, and for berter placing of ir, contrary:to the Latin andEnglith,
where es, or art, is put before 3n c#1z, or.in heayen. / Likewile it is put without 2
prepoſicion, contrary to the Greek, Larin and Engliſh: for in this rongue many
times the prepoſitions are omitred and 'underſtood, -

7ulrat {ighificth es orrt: it.is the ſecondperſon of the Verb,' Sur, es, fui,
which is a Veib Anomal,  and not conjugated aftertherule .of- Verbs \aboye.
As for example, Yilquin,Lam, Yilcas,xhou art, Vidli, he is, Plural. Vzlcqln, we
are, Valcatia, ye are, Hilque tacque, they are. The Prererperfe@ttenſe, Xinvi, I
have been, 1xrrv4, thon haſt been, Txv/, he hach been, Plural, X ohvi, we have
been, 1x11w1ta, ye have been, X14 tarque, they haye been. Imperative, Tivz or
Two, bethou 3 Chivi or Chivn, let him be. Plural, Cohvitaor Cohwo-ra, \ler
usbe ; Tivita.or Tivata, be ye z 2#ivi 14 or | Quivo ta tacque, Iet them. be,
The Optative-and ConjunRive areaccording to the Rule above,.by adding

14 or vei, tothe preſent tenſe, and precttcrpcrfeft]-tenſſ of the Indicative Moolszm

=—IE= —————

 
 

218

ANew Shr*uey of the Weſt-Indies,

Nimta Incaharahi, which fignifiech, Ifpray God maybepgreatly miignificd.
Nins fignifieth greatior greatly. 'Ta is'optanris, or of withing, Incaharcthi, isthe
third perſon ofrhe'Verb Qaintabarcihi, which'fionifierh tobe mavnified or ex-
tolled ; and is formed according tothe' ruleabove, from rhe activeVerb, Nuca-
hargacomagiific or extol};by changing the laſt ainto b7y andiaddinghwin the
particle of the paſſive. f _ _. s

Avithy name. Y1, ſignifyeth name, and according tothe rule{above for
Nounes \begitining with"a"Conſonant 24 is the particle of *the"ſecond
petſon. - N : B
: Trchalita awihauri,1et come thy Kingdome, is the proper expreflidh of this
in Engliſh, Inchali, is thethird perſon of the Verb 2umchali,whichfighificthits
come. Ta is as before opraritis, or of withing, Thauri or Thavric, ſignitieth king-
dome."Av; added; ſheweth'the ſecond'perion.

»- Pan cana,uponour heads:« This is a peculiar expreſſion'in that tongue 4
which. (as' altother tongues) hath many- phraſes, firange exprefſions; proper
clegancies 'ahd circumlocutions. © Whereot this 'one, to fay, Let"thy King=
dome' come upon' our heads.”' Pz or P4, is a prepoſition, ſignifying in, or
within, or4upon.. Na fignifieth heid;" Nan4, my kead, Camaour head, accor-
ding tothe rule above*: from whence'they call a hat, Pan Nuna, as being upon
the head, L7 P s

Invaniva 14 Nava, let be done what thou wilt: 'They have no proper Noun
toexpreſſe a mans will; butexpreſle it by'a' Verb : ſavenivi, is the third per-
ſon of the Verbe , Q#uinvanrvi, which fignifieth to'be made or done. ' The
Adiive'is. N#van, I do'or make*'from whence are formed many 'pailives;
as Qvinvan,or Qyinvanhiz or Gnjywan;,or Qumvinivi,or Qvinbanari, or
Bpinvanihi, whereof "this'laſt Ggnifieth ro be done ſpeedily. And ſo'to
all” Verbs'ACtyes and Paſfives, this particle 7/h3, is added at the end,'to fignifie
haſt or ſpced in doing any thing. - Navs, is the ſecond'perſon of the Verb, {nve,
I wil, according to the rule for verbs beginning witha Vowell, Naz/a,thou wilr,
Tnra; hewill. ſſ

Yahvir vach acal, here upon the fice of the 'carth ; Tabvir, is an 'Adverbe
fignifying hete, Yach,ſignifiethiface, Nuvach,my faceydwach, thy face, Ruvach,
his face. Aeal, fignitycth the'earth or ground.

Heinvantaxan; asitis donein heaven. *Heis an Advetb, fignifyingeven as,
Tnvan, is the'third perſon- of the paſfive Verb, Qvinvan, to be done, Taxas,
as before, ſingnificth in heaven withour any prepoſition toir. ;

Chaye runa, giveto day. Nuye is the firſt perſon of the preſent tenſe, figni-
fying, T give; C-a, is the particle (according to the rule aboye) of the ſecond
perſonot theImperative Mood.” Chaye givethou'; Chyrue, let him give. Runa,
ro day.

cct},ſſct;ſiſim 14 quih viic, our every day bread: where note that ca,putbefore bu-
hus is very elegantly placed, though'itdo belong to rhe word vire, which figni-
fieth bread, Nwviic,my bread, Caviic,our bread. Huhnnis anundeclined word,
fignifying every one, or every thing. 26 ſignificth the ſun or the day.

Nagach tacamac, I pray God thou torgive our fins. They uſe not here the
Imperative Mood, as in Latin 4imvite, and in Engliſh forgive,but withthe par-
ticle74, of wiſhing, they-uſe the Oprarive Mood: Nacach is the ſecond'perſon of
the Verb, N#cach, I forgive.” Mac, fignifieth fin, Numac, my finor ſins, camacr,
our ſins, Zavalis another word in that tongue alſotoſignifiefin, :

He incagachve quimac Even as we forgive their ſins.Incacach isthe firſt perſon
p'ural, according to the-rule aboye; for verbes beginning with"a conſonanr 3 ve
is

 

 

1

 

 
| is this Verbe ſormcd,qzi%zmctuquivi,to {in.-Solikewiſe of laval.ſin,'is formed a-
j nother Verbe, quizlavinz, tofin, This Verb quinmacquivi is 4 Deponent; of

N ns

A New, Survey.of the Weſt-Indics, 219

is put at theend for clegancy ſake. ©xmac is thethird perſon lural. Wher

that in a whole ſpeech or ſentence, ſomerimes the parciclic mqSe obſxſſed Zl:](?vtz

in the rule for declining is lefr, our;; and.ſommctimes it is added, As here

cheir fins; orelſe it might-have been quimas racque. :
Xim acquivi chi quih,that have finned againſt our backs,of Mac,fi

qi1mas

enifying ſin,

1ſſwh1ch ſort the'rc are many inthat rongue, as quincutant, topreach, which have
' the ſame Particles as the Verbs Paſlives, Chiquit is aword compounded of the
Prepoſition c44 and 7h, which fignificrh back, andisvaried like the Nounes be-
ginning with a Vowell. and joyned with ch;,fienificch againſt, as Chivhagainſt
me, chavh, againſt thee, chirh,againſt him, Plural, Chiquih; againſt, us, cha-
wvihia, againſt ye, chiquih tacque, againſt them. Andiif another third perſon be
named, ch1rih, ſtandeth foragainſt, as chirih Pedro, againſt Pezer, that is againſt
the back. If any benamed inthe third perſon Plural, then chiqus. is uſcd, as
chiquih unche, or chiquih cunch elal, againſt all,
. Mecoacana, leave us nor. This Verb is here compounded of three: firſt, Ma,
is abbreviared from the word mazi,which fignifieth no or not, as likewiſe R
chucu. Co or cob, fignificth we or us, and as in the rulesbefore T have obſerved,
is put here before the Verb;which cauſeth the z to be curt off from the Verb,
which otherwiſe ſhould have been »acana,of nucana,] leave, nacanathou leaveRt,
#arucaxa, he leaveth, and ſo forth.

Chipam catacchihi, in our being tempred. This is another great clegancy in
that tongue to uſe a Verb Paſfive for a Noune, and to add toit a Prepofition ; as
here, ch1pams, which ſignifieth in ; and putting to the Verb the Particles where-
with the Nounes are vatied and declined. Nntacehi4, fignificth I tempt. The
Paſſive is quintacchihi, I am tempred ; from whence autacchihi, fignifieth my
being tempred, or my tempration  artacchihi, thy tempration, rutacchihi, his
rempration, caracchihi, our remptation. :

Coavegaca china unche tsiri. Deliver us from all evill things.Inveca,as T have

- noted beforc, ſignificth to deliver. C is the firſt perſon Plural put before the
Verb, as I obſerved inthe rule abovye, and in that Conjun&tion or compound
1acoacans. China is a Prepolition, lignifying above or trom. Unche,fignifierh
all, which is undeclinable. 25/r7, is:an Adje@ive properly undeclinable alſo or
unvariable, in Gender, Caſe,and Number  as are all AdjeRives in thattongue.
It ſignificth evill or bad ; as 75i74 vinc, an evill man, t5ir; ixoc, 2 bad woman,
t5irt chicop, a bad or evill beaſt z ſo likewiſe in the Plural number it is the ſame.
Wichout a Subſtantive itis as the Newter Gender, as malum for mal: res, ſig-
nifing an cvill thing, or evillthings. The Subſtantivethar is formed from it,
is tsir:quil, which fignifieth evill or wickedneſle. Foronquil, fignifieth the
ſame.

Mani quiro,not good:this is put for a further expreſſion of evils to be delivered
from whatſoever is not go0d. Mazi,as I noted betore, fignifieth not. ©»ir0,is as
15iri, an Acjc&ive,fignifying good or a good thing, and is undeclinable, unva-
riable in both numbers. .2iro vinac,a good man, quiro ix0c, a good woman,
quiro chicop, a good beaft z ſo likewile 1n the plural number, q#170 vinar, good
men.The Subſtantive thar is derived from this Adjective,is,qurr0hal,goodnefſe.
Chiohal,ſignifierh the ſame. Qgirolah,is very good, t5:rilah very bad; where
lahis added atthe end of an AdjeRtive, ir puts the ſame aggravariones valdein

Latin, :
Fe inqui, even as he faith, The meaning is, even s he ſaith thar raughe this
uU 2 PLayCre

R —

- \ſi:ſſ'\\\' N R  eneoe onnn Tee eR ENESE A NN M

 
 

220 A New Survey of the Weſt-Indies.

we lay, t1quita, ye ſay, quiquitacque, they ſay.

Amer, All words which have no true exprefſionin the 1-dians tongues, are
continued in the Spar1ſh, or inthe proper tongue, as here Amen, So wine which
formerly they had not, they call vi»o; though by an improper word ſome call
it Caftilaga ha, that is, the water of Caſtile, So God, they call Dios commonly;
though ſoine call him Nizs Ahval, thatis the great Lord.

Andthus for curioſitics fake, and by the jntreaty of ſome ſpeciall friends, 1
have furniſhed the Prefſe with a language which' never yer was printed, or
known in England. A Merchant, Mariner, or Caprain.at Sea may chance by
fortune tobe driven upon ſome Coaſt, where he may meet with ſome Pocoman
Indian ; and it may be of greatuſe to him, to have ſome light of this Poconchi
tongue. Whereunto 1 ſhall be willing hereafter to add ſomething more for the
Eood of my Countrey  andfor the preſent 1 leave thee Reader to ſtudy whar

itherto hath briefly been delivered by me. F
s
j
, « [l
4
60]
þ
FINIS.
EDREITH - eSHOfLOSHIYE H) CHPODTESR: 54 3 H H
by
V
th

A

 
 

l |þ SNEVRENE T. NB - IYEE I2! N : :

h A Table. of - the Chapters of this Book, with the

1 Contents of the moſt Remarkable Paſſagesin them,

boy CHADP. I.

:ſſ;): HOW Rome deth yeerly vifit the American and Aſian Kingdomes, Page 1:

L%.c - - Contents.

b The Popes policy in maintaining conſtantly ſome poor Peuſionary Biſtm})s in
Rome. p. 1. :

Without great ſums of Meney, and new Purple clothing given tothe Cardinals
Snitsare not can0315,ed 4t ROmc, p. 2. :

Mopies ſent ont of England to Rome, for Indulgencies t0 be granted t0 private
Altars in Papiſts private chambers, ]bid.

More power granted 10 the Kings of Spain over the Clergy in the Weſt-India's
then 1o.other Princes in Europe, »pon condition that they maintain there the Popes
antharity, and Prieits topreath, p.2,.3.

The Feſwites challenge from Francis Xaverius the Preaching of the Goſpel as
dae'onely tothem. p. 3.

Miſſrons of Priefts, Fryers, or Feſuites, are yeerly ſent at the King of Spain
h.charge to the India's. Ibid,

 

,CHAP.-II:

Shewing that the Indians wealth, under a pretence of their Converſion, hath
corrupted the hearts of poor begging ' Fryers with ſftrife, batred, and ambition,
P3 =2E :

Contents.

Hatred grounded upon difference in Religion, is moſt bitter, p. 3, 4.

 Feſuites and Fryers, but eſpecially Dominicans, deadly enemits. p. 4.
A Feſuitical 1ick well ated at Venice. Ibid.

Dotor Smaith Biſhop of Chalcedon ſent by the Pope into England, as private
Head over all the Romiſh Clergy, chiefly by the cunning ſubtilty of Feſuites was
baniſhed, Tbid. ;

A Colledee privately intended to be built :n England by Feſuites, at Winifreds
VhVcfl' ; 45 alſathe Sope-hanſes at Lambeth, with the Sope Patentee belonging t6
Hm P: 5

M s?e F; eſuitical pranks diſcovered, Tbid,

Why Feſvites and Dominicans are deadly eemies. p.5, 6.

Valentia the Feſnite, his death moſt ſhamefwil, for cauſing a falſe print »pon
Avguſtin's works. p. 5, 6. -

Feſvites, excellent Muſicians, Fencers, Daneers, Vanliers, Painters, Bribers,and
Merchants. p. 6. ſſ

 
 

© The Contents.

 

 

 

CHAP. IIL
Shewing the manner of the Miſſions of Fryers and leſuites to the India's,pagen,

Contents.

DrftinFion of ſeveral Provinces 4mong# the Fryers and Feſuites, under a head
4t Rome, named Generall. p. 7. |

Weſt-India Fryers rich pri3es to the Hollanders. p. 7.

Popes Indulgence granted to ſuch Fryers as gothe India's, and his Excommus«
nication to ſuch as oppoſe them. p. $.

Liberty draws moſt of the Fryers to the India's. Ibid.

The death of an inchaſte Wife murthered by ber own Husband, cauſed by the to8
much liberty of a wanton Fryer in Guatemala, Anno 1635. p. g,

C HAP. IV.

Shewing to what Provinces of the Eaſt and Weſt-India's belonging 40 the
Crown of Caſtilia, are ſent Miſſi0n5 of Fryers and Feſuites.. And eſpecially of the
Miſſions ſent in the yeer 1625, P.9.

Contents.
Two ſorts of Spaniards i» the India's deadly enemies to.one another, vize the
Natives born there, and ſuch as go from Syain thither, p.g, 10. [
What Religions Orders are the chief” Preachers in the Province of Guatemala,

.TOs
: The Spaniards chief trading from Spain #o Philippinas, s firſt, by their ſhips
70 $t. John de Ullhua, #pon the N orth Sea, and ſecondly, from Acapulco, npon ;
the South Sea to Manila. p. 11.
A vain and worldly diſcourſe of a Fryer of 1he India's. p. 11, 12.
The chief canſe of the Anthors reſolution t0g0 19 the Eaſt and Weſt-India's,
x2; 13:
: Four poor Mendicant Fryers, as Apoſtles entertained by Don Frederique de
Toledo, azdthe Gallies in Puerto de Santa Maria. p. 14.

CHAP.V,

Of theIndian Fleet that departed from Cales, Anno Dom. 1635.. Aud of
ſome remarkable paſſages in that Foyage, p. 1. '

Contents. f
The love of Nuns too powerfull over Fryers. ye.l4. :
The Anthor hid in au empty barrel 03 ſh ipboard, in the Bay of Cales, P+ 15-
de]-þct pleaſure of the Tndian Navigation, 1626. until the firſt land was.diſcewe-
Y0a, P. IGs |

CHAP. VI.
of our diſcovery of ſome 1ſlands,and what trouble befel us in one of them.y,16,
Contents.

The Tſtands ' called Deſſcada, Marigalante, Dominica, Guadalupe, are
: the

A e ——— —_— Cn eR a -——-—-—-——- - - -ſſ——-— TTET

 
 

'The Contents,

the firſt diſa]ſiue}}a' in America, in the Spaniſh Navigation,p. 17.
A Chriſtian Mulatto having lived twelve years among Heathens, with an Infi-
dell Wife and Children, found in Guadalupe. p. 18.

 

f A ſuddain uproare and mntiny of the Indians of Guadalvpe, who d woun-
ded many of the Spaniſh Fleet, 1625. p. 25. F P
f CHAP. VII.

of enr further ſailing 10 $t. John de Ulhua, alias, Vera Grux, of onr landing

k there, P. 22+
Conftents.

A Fryer wounded at Guadalupe, died; and was ſolemnly caft into the Sea. y.20.
1 | ASpaniard ſwimming in the ſound of Mexico, cruelty ſlain, and partly devoured |

by a Sea Monſter, p. 21. .
The Virgin Mary, called »pon more then God, in 4 ſuddsin apprehenſion of 4

ſtorme. y. 21.
_ CHAP, VſſIlI.

zl of our landing «t Vera Crux, otherwiſe St. John de Ulhua, and of onr enter-
14inment there. p. 22+

| Contents.
] The vanity and worldlineſſe of 4 Religious Dominican Superiour in $T, John de

Ulhua. p. 23.
The houſes and Churches of $t. John de Ulhua, bnilded with boards and timber,

and therefore eaſily and often fired. p. 23, 24»
F - A furthex relation of the Town of $t. Jobn.de Ulhua, with the rich trading of

| it from moft parts of the Weſt-India's,s alſo from the Eaſt-India's, p.24+
CHAP. IX.

of onr Fourney from $t. John de Ullbua 30 Mexico, and of the moſs remarkabl:
Towns and Yillages in the way. P 25»

Contents. ,
Our Fryers firſt entertaiument by the Indians of the old Vera Crux. p. 25+
A Franciſcan Fryers vow and profeſion contrary #0 the wanity, carding, diciug,
#1d ſwearivg, practiſed by them of Xalappa, 7 the India's. p. 26+
Abundance of Gnats in the Rinconada, zaketh away the comfort of the great a-

bundance of proviſion that is there. p. 37s |
From whence the Town called Segura dela Frontera had irs beginning.p.27,2 s,

CHAP. Xx.

Wherein is ſet down the Eitate and Condition of the great Town of Tlaxcallan,
when the firſt Spaniards entered into the Empire of MexiCo. Cortez bis firſt en-
counter with the Tlaxcalteca's, their League with him z with a deſcription of the

Tewn, and of the ſtate and condition of it now. P« 29.

: Contents.
A mall of Fbue without Lime or Morter, 0]:l 4 fadome an
A4

4 « halfe bigh, and'
twenry

_—_

 
 

The Contents.

twenty foot broad,built by theIndians, for @ defence in time of Wars before 1he com-
ing of the Spaniards. p..29. -
Fourſcore thozzſand Indians, ſoon razſe_d and armed by _t}zaſe of Tlaxcallan, 'and
ſoon overcome by a thonſand oaly Indians 4nd Spaniards with Cortez, pag.
0, Is D
: 7 %t forther a hundred and fifty thouſand overcome by four hundred Spaniards,
and ſix hundred Indians. p. 31,.32.
Three preſents ſent to Cortez,viz.five ſlaves, Frankincenſe and feathers,Fowles,
Bread and Cherries, to know whether he were a God or a man. P 34,
 Montezuma the Emperonr his great preſent ſent to Cortez. Tbid.. , _
The Tlaxcalteca's pay no Tribute tothe King of Spain, as others dp, ſave only
one Corn of Maiz. p. 35+ : :
A deſcription of the four chief ſtreets/ of Tlaxcallan, with the tandard of the
Town. Ibid.
Twenty thouſand perſons wont to meet in one Market place of Tlaxcallan, to buy
and ſell. Tbid. TN
Severe Fuſtice extcuted upon a thief by the inhabitants of Tlaxcallan. P- 36:

CHAP..X1.

 

Condluding the reſt of our Fourney from Tlaxcallan to Mexico, through the
City of Angels, «nd GuacdCingo. p. 36.

Confents.

The City of Angels firſt buildedby the Command of Antonio de'Mendoza,in
the year 1530. P 37- : ;
Tt was firſt called by tht Indians Cuctlaxcoapan, that js toſay, a ſnake in water,
Ibid. :
Many more particulars of the City of Angels byieflyrelated. Tbid.
. The Town of Guacocingo, why priviledged by the Spaniards, p. 38. ,
Tezcuco, the firſt Town in the Weſt-India's, that recejved a Chriſtian King.
« 39 .
H%zm the Vergantines, (wherewith Cortez beſieged Mexico by water ) were
brought by Land in pieces from Tlaxcallan to Tezcuco, and four hundred thou-
ſand men, fifty dayes imployed in making a ſluce or trench for the finiſhing of them,
and lanchine them forth to the Lake. p. 4o.
Cortez his Army divided imothree parts in the plain of Tezcuco, for thebet-
ter befieging of Mcxico. p. 46, 41.
Cortez made uſe of ſeven thouſand beams of Cedar trees for the bnilding of his
houſe in Mexico. p. 41.

CHAP. X 11.

Shewing ſome particulars of the great and famous City of Mexico in former
times 5 with atrue deſcription of 1t now. And of the State aud Condition of it in
the year 1625, P. 42.

Contents.

Little ſubſtance 6r nouriſhment found in_the fruits, and other food of Mexico.

P. 42, 43- :
SevVe-

A eN N Cn I E  eEo.——OR N

 

N
P

The Contents,

Severall 0];inctſſ'bm?onſſcemih;rſſ;hſſf;di rrence of friſh and ſalt water in thi Lake ©
R 7 ffe f freſh and falt water inthe La/fc

Montezuma 4#s ftately Palace in Mexico, called Tepac, with twomore,th
with manyponds of falt awd frefb waterfor ſeverall-ſorts- of fowles t//er;;be:_of::
lyaw;czflg fowles, and fowles of rapine. p. 44,45% ct

Three thouſand were the Attendants at Montezuma his Conrt, fed wi '
came-from his Table.p.46. : & fct- A

Mexico ealled formerly Tenuchtitlan, and why ?'Tbid. :

What Mexico properly ſigmfieth, and from whence [0 called, p.47.

Thenames of the re# Emperonrs that were of 'Mexico'y and Montezuma bis
aeath. Ibid. k 8 R 20iC] '

Quahntimoc Zmperonr of Mexico taken prifonerjund that great City conque-
red by Cortez the 13, of Auguſt, 1521. p. 49- : - JT

Two hunared thouſand little boats called Canoas, belonged to Mexico, 1 bring
proviſion into the City, p. 50. ”

A Deſcriptio of the chief” Market of Mexico, whereina hundred thouſand per-
ſons did wſually meet tobuy and ſell. p.50, 51. : '

dA Deſcription of the great Church of Mexico, bifare.the entring of \the 'Spani-
ards. p. 51, 52- :

The Papiſts have continned the faſhion of their Churches, Altars, Cloiſters,and
many other their abuſes from the Heathens, p. 52, 53-

The Gods of Mexico, two thouſand in mumber. y.53+

Mexico after the Conqueſt, was built again with'a bundred thouſand houſes.

 

P- 54
- Fiftcenthouſand Coathes are judged to beinthe City of Mexico.,p. 56.
Ib% Popingay preſented to the King of Spain, worth half a milljon of Duckates;
id. ; .
A Lampe in Mexico worth four hundred thouſand Crowns. Ibid:
The-attire of the female ſex of Blackmores, Mularra's, and-Meſtiza's 1n
Mexico. p. 56, 57- : \ : :
The Spiniards with their gifts to theChurches and Clojfters rover their laſci-
wiows lives, as i ſhewed by an example in Mexico. 59. ;
Abont twothouſand Coaches dayly meet in the Alameda of Mexico. 59.
of a fruit in the India's, called Nucheli. p. 60:
Of ſome-other fruits, and eſpecially of a tree called Metl, p. 60, 61.
" A memorable hiſtory of a great mutiny in Mexico, cauſed by theto9 %reſilt power
of an Archprelate, and the Covetouſneſſe of the Viceroy. With ſome obſervations
zathered for the good of England ont of the ſaid mutiny. p. 62. & ſequent,

CHAP. XIIL

Shewing the ſeverall parts of this new world of Americaz 4nd the places of
Note about the f«mons City of Mexico:p. 68,

Contents«

A Defeription of the fiery Monntain, called Popocatepec. p. 69,
D R. Chapultcpec, worth abowe

The riches belonging to the Viceroy his chappell at

4 millioz of Crowns. P 70« ſſ : ; 0
A Deſcription of a rich Deſart or wilderneſſe, three leagues from Mexico, Ibids

The crue!ty of Don Nunio de Guzman #7 Mechoacan. p» 71 E

 
 

The Contents.

 

 

The mauner of burying the Kings of Mechoacan, before it was conquered by the
Spaniards. p. 71,72. : 2
The Spaniards themſelves wonder that our Engliſh Nation is not more attive in
conquering more of the Continent of America beyond Verginia. p. 73.
Nova Albion 7 America, named ſo by Sir Francis Drake. p. 74.
How the Connirey of Jucatan was firſt vamed. Ibid.
In the year 1632. the Indians of Jucatan mutinied againſt the Spaniards.Ibid.
The City of Valdivia ſo named from 4 Spaniard of thas name t00 greedy' and
covetous of gold. p. 76. :
. The famaus Attempt of John Oxenham a» Engliſh: mar, from the-Coaſt of
Nombre de Dios, z0 the 1ſland of Pearles in the Sonth ſea. p. 77.
,The Spaniſh Flces of Nova Hiſpania taken by the Hollanders, in the river of
Matanzos, p. 80.

CHAP. XIV.

Shewiag my Fourney from Mexico t0 Chiapa, Southward, and the moſt 're-
markable places inthe waj.p. 81,

Contents-

For what reaſons 1 ftayed in America, 4ud would not 'go on 10 the Philippina
Hlands in theEaft-India's. p. $2. _

4 Proclamation from the Viceroy in the market place of Mexico,againſt ſurh as
ſhould conceale, harboar,and hide any Fryer bonnd for the Philippina 1/apds.p.$3.
A donble Wheat harveſt every year in a Yallty, called St. Pablo, P- 85. ;

The Dominicans Cloiſter in Guaxaca, very rich, and firon Z. P. 86,
The great River Alvarado, thogh it run from St. John de Ullhua far 3nto the
beart of the Conntrey towards Guaxaca  yet there is no Caſtle, T, ower,or Ordinance
0n it, Tbid.
"PAn old Fryer, Maſter of Divinity, ſpightfully and maliciouſly buried in a Garden
by the Fryers of Guaxaca. Ibid. ,
Fryers 3u the India's may travail,and call for Turkeys,Capons,or what they pluſe
10 eat, without any mony, upon the Indians charges, p. 87.
Tecoantepeque 4 Se#Town, upon Mar del Zur, altogether unfortified. Tbid.
,. The Author loaged inaWilderneſie, and affrighted with a ſure apprehenſuon of
. death by Wild beaſts, p-88, 89.
The Author,and his Companies dangerons faſſage over the mountain of Maqui-
lapa, feeding three dayes upon green ſowre lemmons, and water. P. 90. & ſequent,
Two wyſterions games of Tables played between the Superiour of the Dominicas
Fryers of Chiapa, and the Auther and bis Company. p. 94, 95.
Our ftately entertaiument in a Town called St. Philip, ncer Chiapa. p. 95, 96.
Our mpriſonment in the Cloiiter of Chiapa, andthree days penance with bread
and water, p.96.
A Fryers penance in Chiapa for 4 Love letter 10 4 Nun. p. 97.
The Auther made Schoole-maſter in Chiapa. Ibid,

CHAP. XY.

Deſcribing the Conntrey of Chiapa, with the chiefeſt Townes and Commodities
belonging toit, p.g8.
Can-

 
 

_ The Con;cnts: -

Caontents.
Some fooliſh queſtions moved to the Author by a great Don of Chiapa, and his
anſwer tothem accordingly. p."99.. & ſequ. ?
One thouſand and ſix hundred Duckates got by a Biſhop of Chiapa i th
onely for Confirmation of little children'in Indian T m]fm{. ]; loz.P es
A Biſhop of Chiapa poyſoned by women,with a cup of Chocolatte biddi
Chocolatte to be drunk 1n the Church, y. 103. ”" TA Gee
The 4uthor bis Anſwer toa Token ſent 10 bimby a Gentlewoman of Chiapa,
. I04e : :
Thegreat dexterity of the Indians of Chiapa in Shews and publick Feafts,
Ibide
The. River.of Tabaſco very commodions for avy Nation to enter up towards
Chiapa-. p- 105. :
CHAP.. XVI.

Concerning two daily and commox Drinks, or Potions uuch uſed in the Trdia's,
called Ghocolatte, and Atolle, p; 106,

M "
x.3

J _ Contents. \nlemtog
The nature of the Cacao, and therree it groweth upon, and the two"ſorts of it«
p: 106, 107. : e5 A
Cinnamon one of the beſt ingredients in the Chocolatte ,” and why ? p. 108.
cAchiotte how it groweth, and for what it & good. Tbid, .
Severall wayes to drink the Chocolarte. p. 10g.

CHAP. XVH.

Shewing my Fourney from the City of Chiapa #3t0 Guatemala, an1;he vhief
places in the way. o LL1e ſſ- -

Contents.

Six thonſand Duckates: ſent by 4 Fryer to Spain 10 buy 4 Bſhoprick. p.T12%

A rich treaſure and pidture of Mary in 4 poor and ſenall Town of the Indians,
called Chiantla, arong the monntains, named Cuchumaclanes, p. 113

The water of the River of a Town ,called Scapilla, canſethgreat ſwellings in the
throat. P EL4+ 1 aG $N 25 | .

The cAnthor his dmgeromfallfrctm the Mountain of T,ojabah, and hi great
delivverance attributedit-amiracle by the Indians ; with the conceit the Tndians
had of his ſanitity and holineſſe, p. 115« £ TAR

The Indians guideshe-Pryers inthe night, when they wravail, with lights of
Pine-wood. p. 1 12} == :

The great Fair of Chimaltenang0. p-11'7% nR 7

The Su*tſſhor abuſed, and ſuſpectcdo to be 4 ſpie, by an old Fryer in Chimaltenan»

. Ibid. :
go_gtones of a fruit or pluns called Rocotte, fit for fiering,and alſo good to fat hogs,

; 8.
R CH AP. XVUL

Deſcribing the Daminian,,-ageuernmgnt, Riches, and greatmeſſs of the City of
Guatemala, 41d Conn#rey belonging 10 7 P« 118, -

 
 

- Cſſpnteſſr}ſſtg.

Contents.

Guatemala a# oper City without any Walls, Forts, or Bulwarks abour it, pir18,
The Authorwelcemed to Guatemala, and firſt gracedwith apublick A of Di-
vinity,and after made Maſter of Arts in the Jame City, p.118, 119, ;
Theform of the Letters Patents as art uſed there, and ſent tothe Anthor z0read
Arts in the Yniverſity of Guatemala, Ibid.
The munner of preſenting the Author 10 the Biſhop for obtaining his Licence to
preach publickly, p.120, 121,
The form of the Biſhops Licence to Preach and heay Confeſſions 'within his
Biſhoprick, in Spaniſh and Engliſh ; with ſome gloſſes uponit, p.121,122,
Donna Maria de Caſtilia ſwallowed #p by a River which ſuddenly Luſhed out of
4 Mountain neer to Guatemala for blaſpheming and defying God, P. x247!
The horror of the Yulcan of fire neer Guatemala, Ibid,
Thirteen pound and a half of Biefe ſold about Guatemala for three pences
P+ 125: _
One man onely enjoying 40000, head of Cattel, aud one onely that bought 6000.
#eer Guatemala, Ibid,
How Guatemala and the Towns about are ftored with Proviſion of Biefe and
Mutton.; and bywhom, 1bid, ' _
" Four exceeding rich Merchants in Guatemala, beſides many other of great but
#nferiour wealth'to them. p. 126.
The Coveteuſueſſe of a Preſident of Guatemala ſhewed in Carding and gaming,
bid.
Thirty thouſand Duckates yeerly, the rent of one Cloiſter in Guatemalaz beſides
the treaſure in it, worth a hundred thouſand Crowns, P. I27,
A thorfand perſons commonly living within one Cloiſter of Nuns in Guatemala,
The Biſhop of Guatemala hi Nun, very powerfull :and vich. p.128,
The ſirength of the Blackmore Slaves about the Copntrey of Guatemala.
129.
11 the power of Guatemala # zot able to reduce-a few'Blatckmore flaves, who
are fied 10 the Mountains about Golfo Dulce. p. 130; Þ l
Beiween the Town of Acabaſtlan \andq Guatemala-are Mnes of Coppey and
Iron, and probably a treaſure of Gold, p. 131.
ſſ A rich Mz[erI worth ſix hundred thouſand Duckates, li-ving like a Beaſt in the
Valley.of Mixco. p. 132, ;
4 kinde of Wheat in the Valley of Mixco, cated Tremeſino, which after three
moneths ſown is harveſtedin. p. 1 35 L:q.
A Tuwn called St. Lucas, where wheat threſhed is laid up in Barnes, and keepeth
two or three yeers with much 1ncreaſe. Ibid, p P
A Town of iwelve thouſand Tndian iuhabitants nos Jet conquered, hing between
Jucatan d Vera Paz.' p.136. '

CHAP. XIX,

Shewing the condition, quality, faſhion, and behaviour of the Indians of the

Counmjy_of Guaremala, ſince the Conqueſt; and ictſpm'ct//} of their Feaſts and
Solempities, p. 138. ; ; %

Contents,

 
 
   

 

 

 

The Conterits.

    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
    
  
 
 
  
   
 
 
 
  
 
   
 
   

; | he Indians of tþ f Contents: Veſty
18 TheIndians of the Conntrey of Guatemala, like the Tſratlites ſi
D; wuch oppreſſed by t he Spaniards, becauſe they n;ultiply and[zcmſe. f)ſſ. Il;lg;raoþ,_
The'Welſt-India's eaſter to be conquered now, then in the timt that Cortez con«
w | quered them. p,139. — 7 ;
Some Indians chooſe rather to die by pining away willingly, then to be ſubje&t to
" the Spaniards oppreſſzon and cruelty, Tbid,
_. - How theTndians are forced, and diſtributed ont by « Spaniſh 0fficer to ſerve the
'4 Spaniards week/y. p. 140. :
The nianner of the Indians beds, as alſo their manner of clothing. p. 141, 143
\t They are divided into Tribes, with a chief head over every Tribe. p., 142.

How they agree upon contractinig Marridge one with another. ibid.

The powdred beef of the Indians, commonly called Taflajo. p. 143:

The Indian Yenrſon,or fleſh of wild. Dear, how driſſed and eatth. \bid;

4 Hedzehog good meit i2 the India's. ibid.

of arn Indian drink; cailed Chicha; p, 144. ,

The Spaniards uſe mnch to make thrIndians drint;and then pick thiir pockets,
| » T44,"145. :

j E The Prieſts that live in the Indian Towns are above the Fuſtices and Of ficers
for peave, and whip, and givt ſentence and judgment in the Church agaivſt the

f beſt. p:t46;

ſſ The ſervice and attendants allowed to the Pitft, . 147.

' - How, and what Tribute the Todiats p4y yearly. p. 148. ;

| TheSaints end 1401s of the Romiſh Rel1zion differ not from the heatheniſh Idols
64 in the Indians opinion. Þ, 149. ePn

| Saints held wnprofitableby the Prieffs'ia the Indiz's, and fit 30 be caft out of the ſſ\
f Churches which bring not mbity akid 21fts unto them at leaſt once a year. ibid. :
The Prieftstrade muth 1 wax capdles,aud ſell ſometimes one canale five or ſix
times, P. 150,
Az old Indian Womans judgement concerning the Sacrament of the Lords ſup-
Per. Pe 150, I5Te '
| All ſouls day, Chriſtmas, Candlemas day,and Whitſanday, dayes of great lucre,
ard profit tothe Priefts.p. 15 1,1532-
{ The Indians are forced to marry at thirteeen or fonrtetn years of ae , and why ?
«153,
| E Thez ground of our Fairs in Englatid. p.154-
Severall dauces of the Indians, p. 154, 155» z

CHAPPXR %

Shewing how, and why 1. departed ont of 'Guatemala, t0 learn the Poconchi
language, and to live among the Indians 3 and of ſome particular piſſages , and
" Becidents whilſt Tlivedthere. p. 156: : =

Contefits.”

The Aitthor going with ume fewSpaniards,and Chriftian Tndians into 4 Covn- k
Trey of #nknown Heathens,fell danſigei*ofl]lz{fickſſand was further in a skt miſh with 3
the Burbarians, and bythat means alſo 1n der.ger of bis life. p. 157, 15 B '
Indians grown #p in age, forcedly driven 10 Baptiſme, withous any prmelz-

ple

    
    
   

    
   

  
 

The Contents.

ples in Chritianity,by the Prieſts and Fryers that firſt entred into Americas ibid.
Comayagua, a woody, mountainous, and barren Conntrey, P-159,
In the India's are Grammars and Did#ionaries of the ſeverall Tndian Tongues,
. 160. ;
P The Author became perfect in the Poconchi language in one quarter of /a Jear.
ibid.
The means,chiefly from the Church, which the Anthor enjoyed gearly 4n the J
Town of Mixco and Pinola. p. 161, 163, :
A Plague of Locuſts invhe India's brought no ſmall profit to the Author, p,16 3, -
164. :
;]- be Spaniards confidence in ſomebleſſed breads again#t the plagua of Tocuſts,
ibid, ſſ
An infetious diſtaſe amongſt the Indians, brought 10 the Author neer « hundred A
ponnds in half a year. ibid. l
The Author firuck down as deadto the ground with aflaſh of lightning ; and ”
4g4in in danger of hic life by an earthquake. p. 165,, 166. bdſi*ſſ
Of a ſmall Vermine, leſſe then a flea called Nigua, commoy in the India's, |
wherewith the Anthor was in denger of loſing a leg. ibid. « p
The Anthor like tobe killed by a Spaniard, for defending the poor Indians, Yi
. 167, 6
n A nZtoriom Witch in the Town of Pinola affrighted the Author.p.167.& ſequ. : .
The Indian Wi3ards aud Witches changed into ſhapes of beafts by the Dewvill, as ”
appeareth by two examples. p, 169. & icqu. . - ]
Some Taolaters in the Town of Mixco diſcovered thety preaching Tdol found ont jo
bythe Anuthour, and burnt pablickly inthe Church , and hein great danger 20 be H
killedby them. y. 171, & ſequ.
The Authors conflict within himſelf ahout coming home to England for. con-
ſeience ſake z and hss reſolution therein, P. 180, 181,
Neer #pon g00e. peeces of Eight got by the Amhar, in twelve years that he lived
» the India's. p. 181.

 

Caxav. XXI, ſe

; Shewing my journey fromthe Towy of Pcſifipa, 7nto England ; and ſome chief
paſſages in the way. pe 182,

Contents. b

Relation of a place called Serro Redondo, five leagnes from Petapa. ps 1892: 0
A ftrange fire and ſmoak conFtantly coming ont of the earth neer untoa Town cal-

ted Aguachapa;which by the Spaniards i ſuppoſed'to be amonth of hell.-p. 183. þ
The priviledge of a great river, called Lempa, dividing the Countrey of

St. Salvador, #ad Nicaragua. p. 184. C
A Fryer thinking 10 take up gold from the bottome of the fiery YVulcan of Leon

acceived.p. 185,

; The C:'jty of Leon, and Countrey about, called by the Spaviards, Mahomets para- 4
iſe. Thid, .
[460#: the beginning of Ecbruary, the City of Granada in Nicaragua # 'oxe of

zhe richeſt places in the India's,by reaſon of many rich commodities,and ſome of the E

King of Spain his revenews carried thither, t0 be tranſporied by the Frigats to

. Carthagena or Hayana, p. 185, 186. w, :

The

 

 
 
  

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"ews, » The dhor and.trs:Chmpany like to.be ſurpriſed bj '4'-zsonſtroh[ Cſiz]mſſctm _y
Crocodidexpor$9.om u 18 N D
tr, ©-The Huthor:robbed [at ſea by 'a Holland wan: o_fiw.ſii}-, of the. valtie of .7oſic0.ſi
5 Ci@Wfl.\'.p-lSS;IISQ. ; "27< O25 & koyoams
inth vo d Froer;for defending the proy Indians of Nicoyaloſt two finver oere
' eut off Bſſ}yt/zt Alca-;de M/l%azſi'. p?lgz. YN ſt fi g :ſi — ſinictctſi
1h, < \Zhe antthor forced\todrink hisowa urine, dnd\lo#; and liketo 'pmſi/h-iyct An
 #nknown 1ſland, and afterwards #pona Rock. p. 193; 194. . 4

VA $ re particalars of the City of Pagama. p. 195.
The river of Chiagre very ſhallow in many places, without ſome great rain canſe

wd the watcr to fall into it from the monntains. ibid.

- Some particulars of Portobcllo, during the timethat the Spaniſh Fleet ſtayeth
d | there, p. 196.
F The Papiſts Bread God, or Sacrament eaten 4nd_ known by a Mouſe in Portos
kus | bello; w# 584 Faſt inbread and water for that contempt dont unto their God.
: P' !97) 19 ”

fY The Spaniards fear of the Engliſh 1hat then inhabited the 1ſland called Pro-
vVidence, p. 199

4 S:me Englith Priſoners at Carthagena, with oze Captain Rouſe, who at Hava-

[s na challenged ſome Spaniards into the field, who had abuſed him. p. 199, 300.. |

From the whol: Spaniſh Fleet, one gallantly taken away, worth foureſcor: thous
ſand Duckats, by two Holland or Engliſh ſbips nor well known, upon the Coait of

h Havana, p. 291. ;
The manner of the Dominicans habit, with the meaning of it, y. 303,

CHAP. XXII.

u :

ſſ Shewing how, and for what canſes, after T had arrived in England, I took yet
anither joarney toRome, and other parts of Italy, and returned again to ſettle my
ſelf in 1his my. Connirey. p. 205«

{ Þ, Contents,

| Price 4 Monke wery familiar with William Laud late Archbiſhop of Canter-
bury. p. 205.
ſſſi }ſſ hcp Aut?ſſ{mrs Brother in great favour 4t Court, and #ſpiring to 4 Biſhopricke, E
| or to be Pariſh Prie# of Coven garden. ibid. ; |
| The Author apprehended by 4 Purſtvant, and proteted by Sir Fancis Winde- z
| banck, p. 207-. | j
, ! The Author from the low Countries gut letters of recommendation to ſome chief 4
h Cardinals in Rome. ibid,
ſ The Anthour was rebbedby French Pirates going from Ligorne to Rome- ibid,
The Cardinal Don Franciſco Barbarini zntituled the ProteFor of England
and much acquainted with the affaires of England, and eſpecially with the attions
and proceedings of William Laud Archbiſhop of Canterbury. p. 208,
William Laud his forther Compliance with the Cardinals «t Rome, as reftified
by Fitzherbert the Feſuite in a conference with the authore ibid. ' :
A deſigne of making an Engliſh Cardinall at Rome z and who chiefly eged for
tlſſ.-ſ,.-ſſpmſiwſe. p. 219. - 5

    
       

  
  

 

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A true Copy of the manner of ſending 'the Author to live at Orleans' in
France. p. 209, 210. | * ctſi
'The miracle printed by the Papiſts of the bluſhing and fweating of the Ladies
itture of Loretto, iryed by rhe Authour, and foundto be a meer lie, pi210.
© Ar-tbecalling of the Parlitmentnow ſuting, the Romiſhirew in" Ttaly muck
perplexed. p.210, 211.
The Anthor taken againbya Frenchlees of ſhips, as'be was coming howe
. From Ligorne, p, 211. ; ' ; ,
"The Anthor twice aſfaulted'in London by Papiſts, and like robe billed for bas
Frofeſſion of the truth, and ſervice v0 che Srare; p,201212% , t

FINIS.

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