Yale University Library 39002000009770 YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY HISTORY OF HUMNGDON AND BLAIR COUNTIES, _>E][sr_srsY__'v___sri__. BY J. SIMPSON AFRICA. ILLUSTKATED. PHILADELPHIA: LOUIS H. EVERTS. 188 3. PRESS OF J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO., PHILADELPHIA. PREFACE. This handsomely-printed and illustrated volume is the result of the efforts of Major Louis H. Everts to prepare and publish a history of the counties of Huntingdon and Blair. The material for the histories of the several sub-divisions of these counties was chiefly collated and the sketches prepared by writers detailed for that purpose by the publisher, as follows : J. L. Hockey for Barree, Brady, Franklin, Henderson, Jackson, Juniata, Logan, Miller, Morris, Oneida, Porter, Walker, Warrior's Mark, and West townships of Huntingdon County, and Snyder and Tyrone of Blair County; Dr. Thomas Cushing for Carbon, Cass, Hopewell, Lincoln, Tod, and Union ; William H. Shaw for Clay, Cromwell, Dublin, Shirley, Springfield, and Tell townships of Huntingdon ; and J. H. Schenck for the other townships of Blair County. The sketch of the city of Altoona was commenced by J. P. Snell, and completed, after his death, by Dr. Thomas Cushing and others, and that of Penn township was written by Dr. John H. Wintrode. Chapter XVII., the " Bench and Bar," was prepared by Theodore H. Cremer, Esq., and the narratives of the numerous military organizations that participated in the great conflict for the maintenance of the integrity of our national Union were written by Capt. Franklin Ellis. Additional information, drawn from various reliable sources, was incorporated with these sketches. It is not claimed that this work is free from error. It treats of a region whose history began nearly a century and a half ago, and which has within that period developed from an almost trackless wilderness to become the happy home of ninety thousand people. It requires great care to separate truth from error in the numerous cherished traditions of past events. This duty has been as faithfully performed as possible under the attending circumstances. Much valuable information will be found in the following pages that never before appeared in print or was accessible to the public. Very many of the citizens of the two counties cheerfully responded to requests for informa tion, or kindly tendered it, and they thereby contributed much to the thoroughness of details of the work. To all such respectful acknowledgment is made. Some localities have been more minutely described than others. A reason for this will be found in the fact that the residents of such districts manifested an interest in the work, and assisted in procuring valuable data pertaining to their respective neighborhoods. J. SIMPSON AFRICA. Ht/n-tinqdom-, Pa., March 15, 1883. CONTENTS OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY. CHAPTER I. page The English Claim to Pennsylvania — Swedish and Dutch Possession —Final acknowledgment of the English Claim 1 CHAPTER II. The Charter to William Penh for the Province of Pennsylvania— Formation of the Three Original Counties 2 CHAPTER III. Erection of Lancaster. Cumberland, and Bedford Counties — Pur chase of the Indian Titles— Erection of Townships and Election Districts — Local Officers '. 3 CHAPTER IV. Indian Occupation — Lenni Lenape — Iroquois — Complaints of Intru sions by the Whites on Unpurchased Lands 8 CHAPTER V. The Murder of John Armstrong, an Indian Trader, and his .Com panions.. CHAPTER VI. The Original Inhabitants of the Juniata Valley — Unlawful Intru sions upon their Lands — Efforts of the Government to restrain the Intruders ~ 13 CHAPTER VII. The Indian and French War of 1755— Erection of Forts Shirley, Standing Stone, Fetter's, Holliday's, Lowry's, Hartsock's, Ly tie's, Anderson's, MoAlevy's, and Roberdeau — Troubles with the in dians during the Revolutionary War— Tory Expedition to Kit- tanning. „ „ 18 CHAPTER VIII. Highways— Indian Paths— Public Roads— The River — Turnpike Roads — Canals — Railroads 27 CHAPTER IX. Early Settlements — Names of Pioneers 33 CHAPTER X. Huntingdon — The Warm Springs — Jack's Narrows — Fort Shirley — Black Log Valley — The Clugage Family, and the Shades of Death in 17T6 „ 45 CHAPTER XI. Confiscation of the Estates of Traitors 46 CHAPTER XII. Formation of Huntingdon County — Erection ofCounty Buildings... 48 CHAPTER XIII. The Constitutional Conventions of 17T6, 1790, 1838, and 1873 51 CHAPTER XIV. Iron Manufacture ,,.*...„ .-.-.,.,.» 54 CHAPTER XV. List of Marriages by Rev. John Johnston, 1787 to 1823, 349 couples.. 56 CHAPTER XVI. The Press of Huntingdon County 58 CHAPTER XVII. Bench and Bar „ -.-. ™:.-. 65 CHAPTER XVIII. Military., 102 CHAPTER XIX. pagb Military— War of the Rebellion— The Three Years' Troops— The Tweuty-flfth Regiment 116 CHAPTER XX. Military — The Forty-ninth and Fifty-third Regiments 124 CHAPTER XXI. Military — The Sixty-second Regiment.., 134 CHAPTER XXII. Military— The Seventy-sixth and Seventy-seventh Regiments 139 CHAPTER XXIII. Military— Eighty-fourth Regiment.......... 150 CHAPTER XXIV. Military — Ninety-second Regiment: — One Hundred and Tenth Regi ment— The Twelfth Cavalry 160 CHAPTER XXV. Military — War of the Rebellion continued — One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment 176 CHAPTER XXVI. Military— War of the Rebellion continued — One Hundred and Forty-seventh and One Hundred and Forty-ninth Regiments 185 CHAPTER XXVII. Military— War of the Rebellion continued— Nineteenth and Twen tieth Cavalry, and One Hundred and Ninetyisecond Regiment.... 190 CHAPTER XXVIII. Military--- War of the Rebellion continued — Two Hundred and Bec- ondj Two Hundred and Fifth, Two Hundred and Eighth Regi ments — Huntingdon and Blair Men in other regiments 197 CHAPTER XXIX. Representatives in Congress and the State Legislature , 204 CHAPTER XXX. Judicial Officers 206 CHAPTER XXXI. County Officers............. 206 CHAPTER XXXII. Population and Post-offices 208 CHAPTER XXXIII. Barree Township ; 210 CHAPTER XXXIV. Brady Township , 217 CHAPTER XXXV. Carbon Township , 228 CHAPTER XXXVI. Cass Township 237 CHAPTER XXXVII. Clay Township ,.., 245 CHAPTER XXXVIII. Cromwell Township , 252 CHAPTER XXXIX. Dublin Township , , 265 CHAPTER XL. Franklin Township ,....; 268 V VI CONTENTS OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY. CHAPTER XLI. aqk Henderson Township 280 CHAPTER XLII. Hopewell- Township...;. .-.>t......:., :. .......v...:j'288 CHAPTER XLlII. Jackson Township ._.« 292 CHAPTER XLIV. Juniata Township ,. v, .301 . , CHAPTER XLV. :' ;: ! l " Lincoln Township .- - 305 CHAPTER XLVI. Logan Township «.,..., ; .; 307 CHAPTER XLVII. Miller Township ,.....v....'»j.C. 317 " CHAPTER XLVIII. Morris Township 320 CHAPTER XLIX.'' Oneida Township .,' ^_........i....'. 329 ' ' CHAPTER L. Penn Township '. 336 CHAPTER LI. Shirley Township '340 CHAPTER III. page Shirleysbcro Borough 8*8 CHAPTER LIII. Mount ..Union. Borough ,......,,.. V...A..., „ •••;••¦¦•.. 35S ' CHAPTER ' LIV.' gPRiNGPiELD Township 361 CHAPTER, LV. Tell Township 365 .-, , ' CHAPTER LVI. Tod Township •¦ ; 36s • .. > CHAPTER LVII. ¦-'"¦« Union Township ,..'... .-.'...V.;.;..,.i....:....':..1"J87fJ u* CHAPTfefo LVJtlV. - Walker TowNBmPii,...:.:.li..j.,'.'..r ........ ........ ~. ... ;..«,....... -t.J..«i 879 ..>, CHAPTER LIX, '".,,« ,'. . , Warrior's Mark Township ' 387 , w . CHAPTER LX. West Township 401 CHAPTER LXI. Porter Township 408 CHAPTER LXII. Huntingdon Borough 435 I T_> T_i TT S T IR, ATIOITS. fnofllia'''1 Adams, John, autograph-letter of., Adams, T. H Africa, J. Simpson Bailey, John M.. .„.. ...facing '¦ 48 ;.... " -358 " 470 " 99 Baptist Church of Huntingdon ,....;.....'...; , :..-......,. 452 Barree Iron-Works ; faciDg 424 Broad Top City, plat of. " 236 Brumbaugh, A. B " 455 Burnside, Thomas '. ... Tti Caldwell, D '.'. ..facing 100 Clarkson, David 244 Corbin, Abraham facing .302 Court-House Huntingdon County " 50 CreBswell, George M : " 310 Dewees, P. P " 258 Eby, Samuel 285 Entrekin, James facing 806 Faust, R.F „..: " ' 356 Fisher, H. G " 478 Fisher, Thomas " 469 Fort Shirley, map of " 342 Foust, B. R .'. :...: " 224 Glock, J. G 351 Heffner, Andrew facing 380 Hefright, Frank " 482 Henderson, David " 271 Henry, S. E .~.>w.. - " 479 Henry & Co.,building 479 Hewitt, George W facing 430 Houtz.Dr. Daniel '..:... '...: " 428 Huntingdon Bank Shinplaster 469 Huntingdon Borough, plat of. between 434, 435 Huntingdon Borough, seal of 449 Huntingdon Borough Shinplaster. 450 Huntingdon, oldest house in....... *... 444 Huntiugdon Principal School 484 Huston, Charles ". .,. 76 Huyett, John '.'....".'.'.'.'..'„ facing 416 Hyskell, T. B ¦ " 388 , .PAGE Isett, Jacob ....„.,..,. .,........,: 276 Lovell, K.Allen - .......facing 453 Map, outline, , ....,..;„,...... " , 1 Martin, Robert " 384 McAteer, H. J : " 426 McNite, W. P " 346 McVitty, S.... " 25Q Mears, J. F " 230 Mosser, 0. B 366 Mount Union in 1840 354 Neff, Benjamin facing 418 Neff, Samuel " 419 Orbisou, William ...: " 438 Petersburg, plan of " 313 Petrikin,' R. Bruce .'v .....,'...'. " 97 Powel, Robert Hare " 232 Powelton Furnace " 233 Presbyterian Church, Huntingdon............... 463 Qui liter, James facing 467 Rex, W. H " 376 Robley, Elliott .....,.: 378 Shaver's Creek, plat of. ....,,..„ „,.. .facing 211 Shinplaster Huntingdon, Cambria aud Indiapa turnpike .' 32 Shirleysburg, plat of ; ....'„' facing Speer, R. M .....r..., " Stair, Michael " State Industrial Reformatory.'..'. .".'.'.;.. .;..'.,'.' " Stevens, Frank D f " Stewart, Alexander " Sweet, W. H « 229 Swoope, G. W. R :.....'..'.. " 355 Thompson, G. W , ,. " 354 Tussey, Robert « 322 Tyhurst, Alfred " 473 WatBon, Joseph « 483 Weaver, David B » 288 Whitehead, John , « 459 Wilson, Henry '.'. !..„ 332 Wright, Simeon ;... 372 348 254 357 270 '&OStOT1 i/, rbe~ - ; ^' H u S T o ^f/ #* i$E&p£&jzur-psbuixi ~ - - - Jiebccca c •*«^>v ^ fNORT 1/1/ TIOJ ¦ / O *^> H(j/y TTjfe TOWNSHIP MAP of BUAriNGDON akdBLAIR COUNT! ES T>y J. MUR RAY AFRICA Sxirveyor JSngraved expressly fortius IVorl,- p- /? \ O K ^ O N \ L '. X?1 x' \CoHbxt£i f ^t>\ n V-^T.« \Arr- ? , U sC - J/ 7 /' -);w/.»'|lA ' -4; / \ /WAIlv *'i' / /JlffoitneMiiV. T Or / ' \Bagte Foiuiih^ AMare$fi#e iitf^ ,w L> I / f r N V^%^ t C \ 'I * HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON AND BLAIR COUNTIES, !P E IN" IS" S Y L "V A. N I ^. HUNTINGDON COUNTY. CHAPTER I. The English Claim to Pennsylvania — Swedish and Dutch Possession — Final acknowledgment of the English Claim. Christopher CoIiTJMBtjs, to whose enterprise and courage the world is indebted for the discoveries that resulted in opening the western continent as a home for the oppressed people of Europe, was born in the city of Genoa, Italy, about the year 1435. At this time a large and profitable trade was carried on between the European countries and India. Convinced by his de ductions from the experience of preceding and con temporaneous travelers and navigators, of the magni tude and globular form of the earth, he was assured that a new route to this rich region would be found by saili ng westwardly . For eighteen years he labored to the end that he might fit out an expedition to prac tically test his scientific opinions. After many rebuffs and disappointments that would have crushed the am bition of ordinary men, he gained the confidence and secured the encouragement and support of Ferdinand and Isabella, the reigning sovereigns of Spain, by whose liberality three small vessels were fitted out and placed under his command. Columbus with his little fleet set sail from the roads of Saltez, near Palos, on the 3d day of August, 1492, and on the 12th day of October touched land, afterwards ascertained to be an island, which, in devout reverence, he named San Salvador, one of the Bahama group, situated in N. lat. 24° 30', and longitude 1° 30' E. from Washington. He also discovered Cuba, Hayti, and other islands and, returning, he reached the harbor of Palos on the 15th day of March, 1493. The intelligence of Columbus' discoveries stimu lated the fitting out of other expeditions by the mari time nations of Europe. Henry VII. of England eagerly accepted the offer of John Cabot, a merchant of Bristol (but supposed to a Venetian by birth), to fit 1 out a fleet of vessels for a voyage of discovery by a more northern route than the one pursued by Colum bus. On the 5th day of March, 1496, the king, by patent signed at Westminster, authorized Cabot and his three sons, Lewis, Sebastian, and Sancius, "to saile to all parts, countreys, and seas of the East, of the West, and of the North, under our banners and ensigns, with five ships, of what burden or quantitie soever they may be, and as many mariners and men as they will have with them in the said ships, upon their own proper cost and charges, to seeke out, dis cover, and find whatsoever isles, countreys, regions, or provinces of the heathen and infidels, whatsoever they may be, and in what part of the world soever they may be, which before this time have been unknown to all Christians."1 Under this charter, in May, 1497, an expedition under the command of Sebastian set out, and on the 24th day of June land was descried, which proved to be the coast of Labrador. He sailed along the coast three hundred leagues, and planted on the soil the banners of England and Venice.2 The next year he again touched the continent in high latitudes, and turning southward, followed the coast as far as the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay. As many European governments were from time to time sending out expeditions for discovery and con quest, it became necessary to avoid conflicts with and war upon each other, to settle a principle which all should acknowledge as the law by which the right of acquisition which they all asserted should be regu lated between themselves. This principle was, that discovery gave title to the government by whose sub jects or by whose authority it was made against all other European governments, which title might be 1 Hakluyt's Voyages and Discoveries, vol, iii. p. 6. 2 Ainer. Cyclop., vol. iii. p. 529. HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. consummated by possession. Upon the discoveries of the Cabots. rested the claim of the English govern ment to dominion in the northern part of this conti nent. Henry Hudson, an English navigator, set out from Texel, Holland, April 9, 1609,1 in the ship " Half- Moon," to seek a passage to China by the northeast. He was then in the service of the Dutch East India Company. Encountering great fields of ice, he was compelled to change his course, and then sailed for Davis Strait. He touched land in latitude 44° 15', and sailed thence southwestwardly as far as latitude 37° 15'. Eeturning, he entered the mouth of the Delaware Bay on Friday, August 28th,2 but encoun tering shoal water he continued northward, entered New York Bay, discovered the river that bears his name September 11th,3 and explored it above the mouth of the Mohawk. The high and mighty States-General of Holland in 1614 issued an edict granting to persons who had or should thereafter discover " any new courses, havens, countries, or places" the exclusive privilege of resorting to and frequenting the same for four voyages. Under this edict the merchants of Amster dam fitted out several vessels for the purpose of ex ploration. One of these was commanded by Capt. Cornelius Jacobsen Mey, who entered the Delaware Bay. He gave his own name to the northern cape, now called Cape May, and to the southern the name Cape Cornelius, now known as Henlopen. No settlement was made on the Delaware until 1623, when under the auspices of the West India Company, chartered in 1621, Capt. Mey ascended the Delaware, and on the eastern side, about Gloucester Point, commenced the erection of Fort Nassau, in tended for a trading-post, as well as for security against the Indians. This effort was not successful. The fort was soon abandoned, for we are informed by De Vries, who visited it in 1633, that it was then in the possession of the Indians. Peter Minuit, in 1637, under the patronage of Christiana, Queen of Sweden, with two vessels and a number of settlers, crossed the Atlantic, and after touching at Jamestown, Va., reached the Delaware about May, 1638. He purchased from the Indians the soil on the western side of the bay and river from Cape Henlopen to Santickan (the falls at Trenton), and erected the fort and founded the town of Chris tiana, on the north bank of Minquas Creek, a league above its mouth. From this beginning, Swedish set tlements were made from time to time along the west ern side of the Delaware to and above the site of Philadelphia. In 1654, Peter Lindstrom, a Swedish engineer, surveyed and mapped the river from its mouth to Trenton Falls. The next year a Dutch fleet under the command of Governor Peter Stuyve- 1 Brodhead's Address to the N. T. Hist. Soc, p. 14. 2 Journal of Robert Juet, Hudson's mate. Trans. N. T. Hist. Soc. 3 Amer. Cyclopaedia, vol. ix. p. 30. sant, entered the river and captured one by one the Swedish forts and took possession of the colony, and thus ended the Swedish government. Both nation alities continued to dwell along the banks of the stream, the Dutch being the rulers. The English continued to claim dominion over that portion of the continent along which Cabot had coasted, and Charles II., with the view of wresting possession from the Dutch, on the 12th of March, 1664, by patent granted to his brother James, Duke of York, the territory now embraced in the States of New York and New Jersey. An expedition was sent from England for the purpose of reducing the Dutch fortresses, and on the 8th of September the fort and town of Manhattan, now New York, were surren dered. On the 1st of October following, the settle ments, on the Delaware yielded, and thus ended Dutch dominion over the soil of Pennsylvania. CHAPTER II. The Charter to William Penn for the Province of Pennsylvania — For mation of the Three Original Counties. During the interval between the end of Dutch occupation of Pennsylvania and the granting of the charter to William Penn, the English Governors of New York issued a large number of land grants, and under their administration settlements multiplied along the Delaware. But as these relate wholly to that portion of the province, they do not directly con cern residents in the interior. William Penn, in 1674, became one of three trus tees chosen to manage the affairs of West Jersey. In the execution of this trust he had good oppor tunity to become acquainted with the valuable tract of land lying on the opposite side of the river. At the death of his father, Admiral William Penn, it was found that the British government was indebted to him for money loaned and services rendered about sixteen thousand pounds. Instead of money, Wil liam suggested that he would prefer a grant of land on the western side of the Delaware north of Mary land. A formal petition was presented to Charles II. in June, 1680, and after many conferences with adja cent proprietors, on the 4th day of March, 1681, the king granted a charter. The boundaries were de scribed, but serious differences occurred, and many years passed before they were settled and defined. Penn, his heirs and assigns, were made and ordained true and absolute proprietaries of all the lands within the bounds described in the charter, and upon him and his heirs, their deputies and lieuten ants, was conferred the executive authority of the province. William Markham was commissioned Deputy Governor, and sent over from England clothed with full authority to inaugurate the new government, and in the fall of the year, at Upland, ERECTION OF LANCASTER, CUMBERLAND, AND BEDFORD COUNTIES. now Chester, he took charge of the executive affairs.1 In October, 1682, Penn arrived in the " Welcome," and soon thereafter the lands of the province were divided into three counties, to wit, Chester, Phila delphia, and Bucks. The precise date of the erec tion of these counties does not appear, but it must have been before the 18th day of November, 1682, as on that day the proprietary issued his writs to the sheriffs of the respective counties, requiring them " to summon all freeholders to meet on the 20th instant, and elect out of themselves seven persons of most note for wisdom, sobriety, and integrity, to serve as their deputies and representatives in General As sembly, to be held at Upland, in Pennsylvania, De cember 6th (4th ?) next." In this assembly there were representatives from each of the counties named, as well as from the three "lower counties" of Kent, New Castle, and Sussex. Representatives were chosen, and met in General Assembly at Chester on the 4th day of December. Among the most notable acts of this legislative body was the passage on the 7th of the same month of the "great law." The broad declaration of religious liberty contained in the first section of this law, incorporated in substance in each of the constitutions since adopted by the people of the commonwealth, indicated the liberal opinions of our ancestors as inculcated by the founder, and contributed to the rapid peopling and subsequent prosperity of the colony. It is in these words : " Almighty God being the only Lord of conscience, father of lights and spirits, and the author as well as object of all divine knowledge, faith, and worship, who only can enlighten the mind and persuade and convince the understanding of people in due reverence to his sover eignty over the souls of mankind, it is enacted by the authority afore said that no person now or at any time hereafter living in this province who shall confess and acknowledge one Almighty God to be the creator, upholder, and ruler of the world, and that professeth him or herself obliged in conscience to live peaceably and justly under the civil gov ernment, shall in anywise be molested or prejudiced for his or her con scientious persuasion or practice, nor shall he or she at any time be com pelled to frequent or maintain any religious worship, place, or ministry whatever, contrary to his or her mind, but shall freely and fully enjoy his or her Christian liberty in that respect, without any interruption or reflection ; and if any person shall abuse or deride any other for his oi lier different persuasion and practice in matter of religion, such shall be looked upon as a disturber of the peace and be punished accordingly. 1 William Penn, in a letter dated 5th of 1st mo. (corresponding with March in the present style), 1681,* addressed to Robert Turner, thus ex plains the origin of the name of the province: " I chose New Wales, being, as tiiis, a pretty hilly country ; but Penn being Welsh for a head, as Penmanmoire, in Wales, and Penrith, in Cumberland, and Penn, in Buckinghamshire, the highest land in Eng land, called this Pennsylvania, which is the high or head woodlands ; for I proposed, when the secretary, a Welshman, refused to have it called New Wales, SijUania, and they added Perm to it, and though I much op posed it, aud went to the king to have it struck out and altered, he said it was past, and would not take it upon him; nor could twenty guineas move the under secretary to vary the name, for I feared lest it should be looked on as a vanity in me, and not as a respect in the king, as it truly was, to my father, whom he often mentions with praise." * It must be borne in mind that for many years after the charter to Penn the inhabitants of the province began the year on the first day of March, hence in many old documents the dates are written thus: 1st day of 1st month, 168%. But to the end that looseness, irreligion, and atheism may not creep In under pretence of conscience, in this province, be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that, according to the good example of the primitive Christians, and for the ease of the creation, every first day of the week, called the Lord's day, people shall abstain from their common toil and labor, that whether masters, parents, children, or servants, they may better dispose themselves to read the Scriptures of truth at home, or to frequent such meetings of religious worship abroad as may best suit their respective persuasions." CHAPTER III. Erection of Lancaster, Cumberland, and Bedford Counties — Purchases of the Indian Title— Erection of Townships and Election Districts — Local Officers. Lancaster,2 the fourth county of the province, was erected from Chester by an act of the General Assem bly passed the 10th day of May, 1729, and embraced all the lands of the province to the northward of Oc- torara Creek, and to the westward of a line of marked trees running from the north branch of said creek to the river Schuylkill. The sixth county, Cumberland,' was erected by the act of the 27th day of January, 1750, and took from Lancaster all the lands lying within the province to the westward of Susquehanna and northward and westward of the county of York.4 The proprietaries, having due regard to the rights of the Indians, would not permit any occupation of lands, either by settlement or grant from the land office, until after the Indian title had become vested in them. At the time of the organization of Cumber land County the natives were yet in possession of all the territory northwest of the Kittatinny Mountain (the northern barrier of the Cumberland Valley) and the Susquehanna River. At a treaty held by order of the king at Albany in the summer of 1754, negotiations for the purchase of the Indian title resulted in .the execution, on the 6th day of July in that year, of a deed from the chiefs of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onon daga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora nations, consti tuting the confederacy known as the Six Nations, con veying, for the consideration of four hundred pounds lawful money of New York, to Thomas and Richard Penn, " all the lands lying within the said province of Pennsylvania, bounded and limited as follows, namely: Beginning at the Kittochtinny or Blue Hills, on the west branch of Susquehanna River, and thence by the said, a mile above the mouth of a certain creek called Kayarondinhagh ; thence north west and by west as far as the said province of Penn sylvania extends to its western lines or boundaries ; thence along the said western line to the south line or boundary of said province ; thence by the said south line or boundary to the south side of the said Kit tochtinny hills ; thence by the south side of said hills to the place of beginning." Although a few warrants were issued during the 2 1 Smith, 176. * Ibid., 201. * Ibid., 198. HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. year 1755 for lands in the upper part of the valley of the Juniata, and some surveys and improvements were made, there does not seem to have been any di vision of this territory into townships for some years thereafter. At July sessions in 1767 the Cumber land court fixed the boundaries of Derry township as follows: "Beginning at the middle of the Long Narrows; thence up the north side of Juniata as far as Jack's Narrows ; thence to include the valley of Kishacokulus and Jack's Creek." These boundaries included a part of the present township of Brady. At October sessions of the same year four addi tional townships were erected, and were named and bounded as follows : Dublin. — "Bounded by Air and Fannet townships on the one side, and Coleraine and Barre townships on the top of Sideling Hill on the other side." Coleraine. — " Bounded by Dublin township, as above, by the provincial line, and the top of Dun- ning's Mountain (so as to join Cumberland and Bed ford townships) to the gap of Morrison's Cove, from thence to the mouth of Yellow Creek (joining Barre township) to strike Sidling Hill." Cumberland. — " Bounded by Coleraine township (as above), the provincial line to the Allegeney Moun tain, and along the top of the Allegeney Mountain to the top of the ridge that divides the waters of Wills Creek; from thence of Juniata to strike Dun- ning's Mountain through Lun's Gap." Bedford. — "Bounded by the above-mentioned east line and Dunning's Mountain to the gap of Mor rison's Cove, and from thence to the top of Tussee's Mountain (joining Barre township) so as to include Morrison's Cove, and from the end of Morrison's Cove cross by Frankstown to the Allegheny." Barre. — "Bounded by Dublin, Coleraine, and Bedford townships, as already mentioned, and along the Allegany until a line struck from thence to Jack's Mountain so as to include the waters of Little Juniata and Shaver's and Standing Stone Creeks." These townships of Derry, Dublin, Coleraine, Cum berland, Bedford, and Barre included all of the area of Bedford, Blair, and Huntingdon, a large part of Fulton and Mifflin, and a part of Centre Counties. It is probable that as the eastern limits of Dublin were not clearly defined, a part of what is now Tell ¦ township, Huntingdon Co., may have been included in the previously- erected township of Lack. Armagh township was created at January sessions, 1770, from a part of Derry, and included all the ter ritory of that township northwest of Jack's Mountain. The officers of these townships were as follows : 1767, — John Ramsey (Dublin), William Parker (Coleraine), Thomas Coulter (Cumberland), John Cochran (Bedford), John Forsee (Barre), constables. 1768.— Charles Boyle (Dublin), Samuel Anderson (Barre), constables; John Brady, Jacob Hair (Barre), supervisors; George Jackson, Zebulon Moor (Barre), overseers of the poor. 1769.— Robert Ramsey (Dublin), Samuel AnderBon (Barre), constables; Zebulon Moor, Robert Caldwell (Barre), supervisors; Benjamin Elliot, Charles Boyle (Dublin), overseers of the poor; James Little, Charles Caldwell (Barre), viewers of fences. 1770.— James Watson (Dublin), John Wilson (Barre), William Brown (Armagh), constables; Samuel Thompson, Daniel Egoe (Barre), James Moor (Armagh), supervisors ; Zebulon Moore, Robert Cald well (Barre), .lames Reed (Armagh), overseers of tbe poor; James Little, Charles Caldwel.l (Barre), viewers of fences. 1771.— William Shirley (Barre), James Foley (Dublin), constables ; Samuel Thompson. Daniel Ego (Barre), supervisors; Zebulon Moor, Robert Caldwell (Barre), Charles Boyle, Benjamin Elliot (Dublin), overseers of the poor. The Indians, after fully realizing the immense stretch of country covered by the bounds set in the treaty of 1754, expressed disappointment and dissat isfaction. They said they did not understand the points of the compass and were thereby deceived. Some of them became allies of the French and com menced a series of depredations upon the frontier settlers. An accommodation of the differences between the proprietary government and the Indians was effected at a conference held at Easton, where on the 23d day of October, 1758, a deed was executed limiting the boundaries of the purchase as follows, to wit: "Be ginning at the Kittochtinny or Blue Hills, on the west bank of the Susquehanna River, and running thence up the said river, and binding therewith, to a mile above the mouth of a creek called Kaarondinhah (or John Penn's Creek) ; thence northwest and by west to a creek called Buffaloe's Creek; thence west to the east side of the Alleghany or Appalachian Hills ; thence along the east side of said hills, bind ing therewith, to the south line or boundary of the said province; thence by the said south line or boun dary to the south side of the Kittatinny Hill ; thence by the south side of the said hill to the place of be ginning." This deed confirmed the title of the pro prietaries to all the lands within the boundaries above mentioned, including the present counties of Bed ford, Fulton, Blair, Huntingdon, Mifflin, Juniata, and Perry, and parts of Snyder, Union, and Centre, and released to the Six Nations the residue embraced in the deed of 1754. By an act passed on the 9th day of March, 1771, Bedford County was erected from Cumberland, and its boundaries' fixed as follows: " Beginning where the province line crosses the Tuscarora Mountain, and running along the summit of that mountain to the gap near the head of Path Valley ; thence with a north line to the Juniata; thence with the Juniata to the mouth of Shaver's Creek ; thence northeast to the line of Berks County; thence along the Berks County line northwestward to the western bounds of the province; thence southward, according to the several courses ' of the western boundary of the prov ince, to the southwest corner of the province; and from thence eastward with the southern line of the province to the place of beginning." i At one time it was claimed by Virginia that the western boundary should be made parallel with the Delaware River and at the distance of five degrees of longitude therefrom. ERECTION OF TOWNSHIPS. This act authorized the Governor to commission a competent number of justices, who, or any three of whom, were empowered to hold courts in the months of January, April, July, and October in every year. With remarkable promptitude a Court of Quarter Sessions was opened at Bedford on the 16th day of April, 1771, by William Proctor, Robert Hanna, Wil liam Lockery, Robert Cluggage,1 George Wilson, and William McConnell. The court then proceeded to divide the county into townships. Air, Dublin, and Coleraine were to remain as fixed by the Cum berland court. The lines of Bedford and Cumber land were extended from the foot to the top of the Allegheny Mountain. Barre to be cut off by Little Juniata and Tussey's Mountain. Brother's Valley, Fairfield, Mount Pleasant, Hemp Field, Pitt, Tyrone, Spring Hill, Ross Straver, Armstrong, and Tullileague follow, but as these townships embraced territory out side of the limits of Huntingdon and Blair they do not concern us now. At July sessions, 1773, " that part of Barr6 town ship including all the waters that empty into the Raystown Branch of Juniata below the mouth of Yellow Creek and up said creek to Tussey's Moun tain is hereby erected into a township by the name of Hopewell township." It will be noticed that the act creating Bedford County excluded from the boundaries therein de scribed that portion of Huntingdon County lying northeast of the Juniata below the mouth of Shaver's Creek, and according to the letter of the law that territory remained in Cumberland County. The act of March 21, 1772, forming Northumberland, took from Bedford the territory lying west of Tussey's Mountain and northeast of the main branch of the Little Juniata to the head thereof.2 Another act passed the same day3 for the purpose of explaining and better ascertaining the boundary lines of the county of Bedford, after reciting the boundaries de scribed in the act of the 9th day. of March, 1771, and that as "the Tuscarora Mountain does not extend to the province line and the southern boundaries afore said are not properly described, the lines of the county of Bedford cannot be known and run by the trustees appointed for that purpose, provided that the lines following, to wit: "Beginning where the province line crosses the North or Blue Mountain, that runs between the Great and Little Coves and that part of Cumberland County called Connegocheague, and thence along the summit of the said mountain to the beginning of the Tuscarora Mountain, and running along the summit of the said Tuscarora Mountain to the gap near the head of the Path Valley, from thence a north line to the Juniata River; thence up the Juniata to the mountain that divides the Kishicocolus Valley from the Standing Stone Valley, and along the 1 Cluggage resided in Black Log valley, east of Orbisonia. 2 Smith's Laws, vol. i. p. 367. 3 Ibid., p. 386. summit of that mountain to the head of the Stand ing Stone Creek ; from thence northeast to the line of Berks County ; thence by Berks County line to the western bounds of the province ; thence southward, according to the several courses of the western boun dary of the province, to the southwest corner thereof; and from thence with other boundaries of the prov ince to the place of beginning; shall be, and are hereby declared to be, the boundary lines of the said county of Bedford." By act of the 2Cth day of February, 1773, all the territory of Bedford lying west of the Laurel Hill and of the ridge dividing the waters of the Allegheny and Susquehanna to the head of the latter stream, and south of a line to be run thence due west to the limits of the province, was erected into a new county called Westmoreland.4 The geography of the valley of the Juniata was not well understood by the framers of the acts of Assem bly above recited, and the indefinite and inconsistent descriptions of boundary lines were producing uncer tainty and conflict of authority. On the 30th day of September, 1779, an act was passed reciting that, — " Whereas the act of General Assembly of the province of Pennsylva-. uia entitled An Act for explaining and better ascertaining the boundary lines of the county of Bedford, passed the twenty-first day of March, one thou sand seven hundred and seventy-two, and the act passed the same day entituled An Act for erecting apart of the counties of Lancaster, Cumber. • land, Berks, Northampton, and Budford into a separate county, are contra dictory to each other, and assign different and inconsistent boundaries to the said county of Bedford and the county of Northumberland ; and part of the boundary of the said county of Northumberland is, by reason of the course of Little Juniata, near the head thereof, impassable ; and that strip of laud on the northeast side of Juniata, between Jack's Nar rows and Standing Stone Mountain, being separated by large mountains from the rest of Co niberland Coun ly, makes it inconvenient for the people residing on the said north-east side of Juniata at the place aforesaid ; that the same should continue in the said county of Cumberland : For remedy whereof, — " Be it enacted, etc , That the lines following, viz. : Beginning where the line (dividing Pennsylvania and Maryland) crosses the north or Blue Mountain that runs between the Great and Little Coves and that part of Cumberland Comity called Conecocheague, and thence along the summit of the said mountain to the begiuningof the Tuscarora Mountain, and running along the summit of the said Tuscarora Mountain to the gap near the head of the Path valley; from thence a north line to the, Juniata River; then up the Juniata to Jack's Narrows; thence along the summit of the ridges and mountains which divide the waters falling into the said northeast side of the said Juniata above Jack'B Narrows aforesaid, from the waters which fall into the said river below the said Narrows to Tussey's Mountain at. the head of the Standing Stone Creek ; thence along the summit of Tussey's Mountain to the ridge dividing the waters falling into Bald Eagle Creek from the waters of Little Ju niata; thence along the said last-mentioned ridge to the Chestnut Ridge; thence along the Chestnut Ridge to the head of the southwest branch of Bald Eaj;le Creek ; from thence a straight line to the head of Moshan- non Creek; thence down Moshaunou Creek to the WeBt Branch of Susquehanna; thence up said West Branch to the purchase line run from Kitlanning to the said West Branch, to the line of Westmoreland County; thence along the southeast boundary of the said county of Westmoreland, as the same is described in the act erecting the said county of Westmoreland, to the line dividing Pennsylvania from Mary land aforesaid ; and thence along the said line last mentioned to the place of beginning." This act annexed that part of Kishacoquillas Valley now in Brady township, Huntingdon Co., to Bedford 4 Ibid., p. 407. 6 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. County. In 1773, two years after the erection of Bed ford County, the lands along the river from Jack's Narrows to the mouth of Mill Creek, and those then taken up in the west end of Kishacoquillas Valley, were taxed in the assessment of Barre1 township, Cumberland Co., and it is fair to presume that this district remained under the jurisdiction of that county until after the passage of the act of the 30th of Sep tember, 1779. Frankstown township was created at April ses sions, 1775, from parts of Bedford and Barrl, and the boundaries fixed as follows : " Along the line divid ing Bedford and Northumberland Counties from the West Branch of Susquehanna to where Little Juniata runs through Tussey's Mountain ; then along the said mountain to the ridge dividing Morrison's Cove from Croyle's Cove ; then along the said ridge to Dun- ning's Mountain ; then along Dunning's Mountain to the dividing ridge between the waters of Dunning's Creek and the southwest branch of Frankstown Branch ; then along said ridge to the Allegeny Mountain ; then cross the same and by the line of Quemahoning township to the line dividing Bedford and Westmoreland Counties, and by the said line and along the limits of this county to the place of begin ning." This township included the whole of Blair County and the present townships of Morris, Franklin, and Warrior's Mark of Huntingdon County. Huntingdon township was formed from a part of Barre. The records of the court do not contain any account of its erection. At April sessions, 1780, a return of the township officers was made, from which it may be inferred that the township was formed about 1779. Its territory is now divided into Brady, Walker, Porter, and parts of Juniata, Logan, Henderson, and Oneida. The records also fail to give an account of the erection of Shirley township, which was formed from Dublin about the date last mentioned. The earliest assessment of this township was made in 1780, and of Huntingdon in 1781. Tyrone township was erected from Frankstown, but neither the date nor boundaries appear among the records of the Bedford court. In the proceed ings at April sessions, 1787, the name occurs for the first time. Elections and Election Districts.— A law enacted June 14, 1777, fixed the second Tuesday of October as the day for holding the annual general election. Bedford County was divided into four districts, and the places named at wbicli the elections should be held, as follows: "The freemen of the townships of Bedford, Coleraine, and Cumberland Valley, being the First District, shall hold their elections at the court-house of the said town of Bedford ; the free men of the townships of Bethel, Air, and Dublin, being the Second District, at the house of John Burd, at Fort Littleton ; the freemen of the townships of Barre, Hopewell, and Franktown, being the Third District, at the place called the Standing Stone ; and the freemen of the townships of Brother's Valley, Turkey Foot, and Quesnachoning, being the Fourth district, at the house of John Kemberline, near the junction of said three townships." Each voter was required to produce a certificate of his having taken and subscribed the oath of allegiance, as prescribed by an act passed the preceding day. By the act of the 13th day of September, 1785,1 dividing the several counties into election districts, Bedford County was separated into five districts, and the elections directed to be held as follows : First, the town of Bedford and the townships of Bedford, Cole raine, Providence, and Cumberland Valley, at the court-house in Bedford; Second, the townships of Bethel and Air, at the house of Ephraim Wallace, in Bethel; Third, the townships of Barr6, Hopewell, Frankstown, and Huntingdon, at the place called the Standing Stone ; Fourth, the townships of Brother's Valley, Quesmahoning, Turkey Foot, and Wilford, at the house of James Black, in Quesmahoning; Fifth, the townships of Dublin and Shirley, at the house of George Cluggage, in Shirley. On the 19th day of September, 1786,2 a sixth district was created, consisting of the " townships of Frankstown and Mor rison's Cove" (?), and the elections directed to be held at the house of Lazarus Lowrey, at Frankstown. The act of Sept. 27, 1786, fixed the number of representatives to the General Assembly to be elected in Bedford County at three. The officers of the townships of Bedford County that covered the present territory of Huntingdon and Blair, appointed by the Court of Quarter Sessions, were as follows : 1772.— Thomas Weston (Barree), James Foley, Jr. (Dublin), constables ; Samuel Anderson and George Jackson, (Barree) overseei-B of the poor; John Wilson and James Little; (Barree) supervisors. 1773. — April sessions: Charles Caldwell (Barree), John Bale (Dublin), constables. July sessions : James Little, Jr., appointed in the room of Charles Caldwell. 1774.— March sessions: Philip Stoner (Hopewell), constable. April ses sions: James Little (Barree), John Bell (Dublin), Philip Stoner (Hopewell), constables. July sessions: Robert Caldwell, John Thorlton, deputy (Barree), John Latta (Dublin), Philip Stoner (Hopewell), constables; James Little, Michael Cryder (Barree), John Ramsey, James Foley (Dublin), Richard Long, Samuel Thompson (Hopewell), supervisors of the highways. 1775.— Private sessions, March 25: John Mitchell (Barree), John Latta (Dublin), Philip Stoner (Hopewell), constables; Samuel Anderson, Thomas Johnston (Barree), overseers of the poor; James Little, Michael Cryder (Barree), supervisors. General sessions, second Tuesday in April: JameB Dean fBarree), Samuel Daniel (Dublin), William Phillips (Frankstown), Walter Clark (Hopewell), consta bles; Samuel Anderson, Thomas Johnston (Barree), Benjamin San ders, Bastian Shoupe (Hopewell), overseers of the poor; James Lit tle, Michael Cryder (Barree), Michael Whetstone, Peter Hartsock (Hopewell), supervisors. 1776.— Private sessions, March 25: William Barrick (Frankstown), Wil liam Smart, Jr. (Hopewell), constables; Absalom Gray, Samuel Jack (Frankstown), Benjamin Saunders, Bastian Shoupe (Hopewell), overseers of the poor; Markem Coleman (Frankstown), Peter Hart- sock ( Hopewell), supervisors. April sessions : David Lewis (Barree), Samuel Thompson (Dublin), William Smart, Jr. (Hopewell), consta bles. 1 Smith, vol. ii. p. 334. 2 Ibid., p. 385. LOCAL OFFICERS. 1777. — Petty sessions, Sept. 27 : William Riddle (Barree), John Walker (Dublin), JoBeph Cellar (Frankstown ), Joshua Davis (Hopewell), con stables. General sessions, Oct. 14 :' William Riddle, of Barree, fined ; John Walker, of Dublin, fined thirty shillings; Thomas Anderson, Joshua Davis (Hopewell), Felix Miller, appointed constables. 1778. — General sessions, April 13: William Wilson (Barree), William Winton (Dublin), constables. 1780. — General Sessions, April 11: Robert Wesson (Barree), James Mor ton (Dublin), Jacob Howler (Frankstown), Benjamin Sanders (Hope well), George Reynolds, Tsaac Worrill, deputy (Huntingdon), Giles Stevens (Shirley), constables; Alexander McCormick, John Glenn (Barree), Hugh Davison, John Walker (Dublin), Patrick McGuiie, David Lowry (Frankstown), William Sherley, Levi Moore (Hope well), Archibald Fletcher, James Gibson (Huntingdon), JameB Gal- braith, James Cluggage (Shirley), overseers of the poor ; James Anderson, Jeremiah Rickets (Barree), James Coil, Esq., John Ram sey (Dublin), Jacob Rowler, Jr., Absalom Gray (Frankstown), Solo mon Sell, Hugh Skelly (Hopewell), Ludwick Sells, Joshua Lewis (Huntingdon), Jacob Shara, James Carmichael (Shirley), supervi sors of the highways. 1781. — April sessions: David Ralston (Barree), James Barnet (Dublin), Absalom Gray (Frankstown), Ludwick Sells (Huntingdon), George Cluggage (Shirley), constables; Joseph Oburn, Benjamin McGuffey (Barree), Hugh Davidson, John Walker (Dubliu), Samuel Rhea, James Johnston (Frankstown), Henry Lloyd, Michael Cryder (Huntingdon), James Galbraith, James Cluggage (Shirley), over seers of the poor ; William Nelson, Archibald Glen (Barree), James Coyle, Esq., John Ramsey (Dublin), Urick Heifheit, Edward Beatty (Frankstown), Joseph Prigmore, Moses Donaldson (Huntingdon), James Carmichael, Esq., Jacob Shara (Shirley), supervisors of the highways. 1782. — April sessions: Chain Rickets (Barree), William Justice (Dublin), William Traviss (Huntingdon), Giles Stevens (Shirley), constables ; Henry Ferguson, James Carswell (Barree), Hugh Davidson, John Walker (Dublin), Michael Cryder, Henry Lloyd (Huntingdon), over seers of the poor ; William McLevy, Alexander McCormick (Bar ree) James Coil, John Ramsey (Dublin), Joseph Prigmore, Jacob Laird (Huntingdon), supervisors of the highways. 1783. — April sessions: William Long (Barree), James McKee (Dublin), George Jackson (Huntingdon),1 James Cluggage (Shirley), consta bles; Benjamin McGomn (Barree), Hugh Davidson, Johu Walker (Dublin), Henry Lloyd, Michael Cryder (Huntingdon), James Gal braith, Matthew Patton (Shirley), overseers of the poor ; David Ralston, Gilbert Cheny (Barree), John Burd, George Hudson (Dub lin), George Reynolds, Samuel Donnel (Huntingdon), John Morgan, Francis Cluggage (Shirley), supervisors of the highways. 1786. — April sessions : Abraham Nelson (Barree), Benjamin Burd (Dub lin), Absalom Gray (Frankstown), Solomon Sill (Hopewell), John Biddle (Huntingdon), constables; John Ramsey, Hugh Orlton (Dublin), William Devinny, Thomas McCune (Frankstown), James Hale, Felix Miller (Hopewell), John Fee, Jacob Laird (Huntingdon) overseers, of the poor; Robert Ramsey, George Hudson (Dubliu) Samuel Davis, Michael Fetter (Frankstown), William Sherley, Hugh Skelly (Hopewell), Henry Neff, George Reynolds (Hunting don), supervisors of the highways. 1787. — April sessions: William Nelson (Barree), John Ramsey (Dublin), John Bittle (Huntingdon), John Armstrong (Shirley), constables, James Anderson, John Dickey (Barree), James Barnet, Hugh Davi son (Dubliu), John Fee, George Reynolds (Huntingdon), George Wilson, John Morgan (Shirley), overseers of the poor; John Wil son, James Hannam (Barree), Robert Ramsey, George Hudson (Dublin), Henry Neff, Nathaniel Jarrit (Huntingdon), James Gal braith, William Morris (Shirley), supervisors of the highways. Among the citizens of that portion of Bedford County now composing Huntingdon and Blair, sum moned as grand jurors, were: 1772, July 14th, Michael Cryder; 1780, April 11th, William Shirley; 1781, January sessions, William Simonton, James Foley, and Michael Cryder ; 1782, April sessions, Samuel Anderson; July sessions, Samuel Anderson, James Foley, and Moses Donaldson ; October sessions, Alex ander McConnell; 1786, January sessions, George Ashman and George Cluggage. The first Court of Quarter Sessions was held at Bedford, April 16, 1771, before "William Proctor, Robert Cluggage, Robert Hanna, George Wilson, William Lockery, and William McConnell, Esqs., justices of our Lord the King, to hear and determine divers felonies and misdemeanors in the said county committed." Twenty-three grand jurors were sworn. Robert Galbraith was enrolled as an attorney. At April sessions, 1773, " John Freeharty, of the grand jury, is fined five shillings for being drunk, and ten shillings for the contempt in so doing while on the duty of that office, and coming into court while in that condition." At July sessions, 1780, " The Court proceeded to regulate the Price of Labourers, and are of opinion that the same shall be estimated and rated 26 Dollars each Man $ Day." October sessions continued at same rate. " Unexplained this would appear extravagant, but it must be borne in mind that the standard of value was the dollar in Continental currency, which had rapidly shrunk in worth as contrasted with specie. When measured by the specie standard, the price of a day's labor was about forty cents. The paper currency of the country depreciated so rapidly in value that it was necessary to establish some rate of exchange, and the General Assembly, by act of April 3, 1781, fixed a scale of depreciation for each month from the beginning of the year 1777 to the end of February, 1781. In July, 1780, it required sixty-four and one- half dollars in paper to equal one dollar in specie. Among the justices sworn, as appears by the rec ords, were : 1771, April 16, Robert Cluggage ; 1773, April 13, Robert Cluggage ; 1774, April 13, Robert Cluggage ; 1782, Dec. 18, Robert Cluggage ; 1773, April 13, Wil liam McConnell ; 1774, May 12, Henry Lloyd ; 1777, September, Robert Galbraith, James Martin ; 1779, Jan. 13, James Carmichael, James Coyle ; 1779, Feb. 12,- Matthew Dean; 1781, April 28, John Canan (commission dated Feb. 3, 1781); 1786, July 20, Thomas Wilson, John Little ; 1787, Jan. 22, John Coyle ; 1787, June 22, James Coyle. Persons were recommended for license to keep public-houses as follows : 1773, July sessions, Michael Cryder ; 1773, October sessions, Michael Cryder; 1774, October sessions, Michael Cryder, Ludwick Sells ; 1778, A pril sessions, Francis Cluggage ; 1781, January sessions, Ludwick Sells; 1781, April sessions, Benjamin Elliot. Benjamin Elliot was commissioned high sheriff Oct. 31, 1785, and was sworn Dec. 19, 1785. George Ashman, lieutenant, was sworn Dec. 26, 1780. HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. CHAPTER IV. Indian Occupation — Lenni Lenapes — Iroquois — Complaints of Intrusion by the WhiteB on Unpurchased Lands. At the time the first European settlements were made in Pennsylvania the soil was occupied by In dians who called themselves Lenni Lenape, or the original people. They were designated by the Euro peans Delawares, by reason of their inhabiting the region of country drained by that stream. They were also known as Algonquins. The tradition of this people was that in the far-distant past, in migrating eastward, about the time they reached the Mississippi,1 they fell in with the Mengwe,2 who also came from a distant country, and had reached the river farther north. Both nations had the same object in view, the seeking of a new and better country towards the rising sun. Exploring parties sent in advance re ported the region east of the river to be inhabited by a people of physique much superior to that of the in vaders, and that they dwelt within intrenchments or fortifications. This people, called Allegewi, declined permission to settle in their country, but agreed that the Lenapes and Mengwe might pass through their domain and settle farther, eastward. Accordingly the Lenapes began to cross the Namoesi Sipu. Their numbers, for there were thousands of them, so appalled the Allegewi that they withdrew their permission and commenced a savage warfare upon those who had already passed the stream. A conference was held, and the Mengwe, who had been content to re main as spectators, united with their new allies and waged a fierce war against the Allegewi, who, after suffering severe loss, and finding that further resist ance would result in extermination, abandoned the country to the conquerers and fled southward. In the conflicts, which continued many years, the Lenapes lost many of their warriors, and they claimed that they were always compelled to bear the brunt of battle, while the Mengwe would hang in the rear. By slow and easy stages these nations moved far ther eastward, still continuing upon terms of friend ship, the Lenapes following the streams that fan eastward, while the Mengwe made choice of the lands in the vicinity of the great lakes. The former occupied the country from the Hudson to the Chesa peake Bay, including the shores of the four great rivers, the Hudson, Delaware,3 Susquehanna, and Potomac, making the Delaware the chief centre of their possessions. In the course of time that portion of the nation that had reached the Atlantic slope became divided into three tribes, to wit : Unamis or Turtle, Unalachtgo or Turkey, Wolf or Minsi, cor rupted into Monsey and Muncy. The latter, being 1 Called by the Lenapes Namoesi Sipu, or river of fish, — Namoes, a fish ; Sipu, a river. 3 The Iroquois or Five Nations. 3 This river they called the Lenapewhittuck. Hittuck in their lan guage signified a rapid stream, the most warlike of the three tribes, dwelt farther inland as a guard against any incursions by the Men gwe, and their possessions, extending southwest from the Hudson to far beyond the Susquehanna, included the valley of the Juniata. These three principal divisions were divided into many subordinate clans or tribes, each assuming a distinct name as circum stance or locality might suggest. The Mengwe were separated into five principal tribes, — Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas. Growing jealous of their more southern neighbors, and apprehensive of their increasing num bers and power, they endeavored to provoke hostili ties between different tribes of the Lenapes. Failing in their designs, some time about the close of the fifteenth century a union of all the tribes in one com mon bond was effected, and they were afterwards known in history as the Five Nations. By the French they were known as Iroquois, by the Dutch, Maquas, and by the English, Mingoes. They subsequently overmastered the Lenapes and became the dominant power, whether by force of arms, as they claimed, or by dishonorable stratagem, as the Lenapes alleged, it is needless now to inquire. In 1712 the Tuscaroras, who had inhabited the interior of North Carolina and Virginia, were driven therefrom by the Powhattans, a branch of the Lenapes, moved northward, and were adopted by the Iroquois, who were thereafter men tioned by the English as the Six Nations. The lan guage of the five original tribes was practically the same, but different from that of the Lenapes. The early treaties made by the proprietary govern ment for the purchase of lands from the natives were with the shackamackers or chiefs of tribes of the Del awares. The Five Nations soon appear as claimants for the territory drained by the Susquehanna by right : of conquest. In the absence of written records it is '' difficult to determine the time when the northern confederacy subdued the Lenapes and wrested this part of their domain from them, but from the best accessible data it appears to have occurred between 1677 and 1684.4 The proprietary government made purchases from both claimants until the right of the Six Nations was acquiesced in by the Delawares. On the 2d of July, 1742, a conference with the chiefs of the Six Nations and the chiefs of the Shawanese was held by the Governor and Council at Philadelphia, and continued for several days. Among the many subjects presented for consideration and adjustment were renewed complaints on the part of the Indians "against some people who are settled at Juniata, a Branch of Sasquehannah, and all along the Banks of that River as Mahaning, and desire that they may be forthwith made to go off the Land, for they do great Damage to our Cousins, the Delawares." The Gov ernor responded that on their former complaints rela tive to settlers on the Juniata and Sasquehannah, 4 Mombert's Lancaster County, p. 23. THE MURDER OF JOHN ARMSTRONG AND HIS COMPANIONS. " some Magistrates were sent expressly to remove them, and we thought no person would stay after that." The Indian response was, " So far from re moving the people, they made Surveys for themselves, and they are in League with the Trespassers. We desire more effectual Methods may be used and hon- ester men employ'd." This the Governor promised to do, and complained to the chiefs that the Delawares were giving some trouble about lands purchased from them about fifty years ago. A few days later, in the presence of Sassonan, a chief of the Delawares, and a number of Indians of that nation from Shamokin and the forks of the Delaware, Canassatego, a chief of the Ouondagas, and orator on the occasion, said, — "Brethren, the Governor and Council : "The other day you informed us of the misbehavior of our cousins, the Delawares, wiih respect to their continuing to claim and refusing to remove from some laud on the river Delaware, notwithstanding their ancestors had sold it by deed, under their hands and seals, to the pro prietors for a valuable consideration upwards of fifty years ago, and not withstanding that they themselves had about years ago, after a long and full examination, ratified that deed of their ancestors, and given a fresh one under their hands and seals, and then you requested us to re move them, enforcing your request with a string of wampum. After- , wards you laid on the table by Conrad Weiser our own letters, some of our cousins* letters, and several writings to prove the charge against our cousins, with a draught of the land in dispute. We now tell yon we have perused all these several papers. Wo see with our own eyes that thoy have been a very unruly people, and are altogether in the wrong in their dealings with you. We have concluded to remove them and oblige them to go over the river Delaware, and to quit all claim to any lands on this side for the future, since they have received pay for them and it has gone through their guts long ago. To confitm to you that we will see your requests executed, we lay down this string of wam pum in return for yours." Then turning to the Delawares, holding a belt of wampum in his hand, he spoke to them as follows : " Cousins : " Let this belt of wampum serve to chastise yon. Ton ought to be taken by the hair of the head and shaked severely till you recover your senses and become sober; you don't know what* ground you stand on, nor what you are doing. Our Brother Onas* case is very just and plain, and his intentions to preserve friendship; on the other hand your cause is bad, your heart far from being upright, and you are maliciously bent to break the chiiin of friendship with our Brother Onas. We have seen with our eyes a deed signed by nine of your ancestors above fifty years ago for this very laud, and a release signed not many years since by some of yourselves and chiefs now living to the number of fifteen or upwards. But how came you to take upon you to sell laud at all ? We conquered you, we made women of you, — you know you are women, and can no more sell land than women. Nor is it fit you should have the power of selling lands since you would abuse it. This land that you claim is gone through your guts. You have been furnished with c!6thes and meat and drink by the goods paid you for it, and now you want it again like children as you are. But what makes you sell land iu the dark? Did you ever tell us thatyou hadsuld this land? Did we ever re ceive any part, even the value of a pipe-shank from you for it? You have told us a blind story thatyou sent a messenger to us to infurm us of the sale, but he never came among us, nor we never heard anything about it. This is acting in the dark, and very different from the conduct our Six Nations observe in their sales of land. On such occasions they give public notice and invite all the Indians of their .united nations, and give them a share of the present they receive for their lands. This is the behavior of the wise united nations, but we find you are none of our blood. You act a disgraceful part not only in this but in other matters. Your ears are ever open to slanderous reports about our brethren. You receive them with as much greediness as lewd women receive the em brace of bad men. And for all these reasons we charge you to remove instantly. We don't give you liberty to tiiink about it. You are women ; take the advice of a wise man and remove immediately. You may return to the other side of Delaware, where you came from, but wo don't know whether, considering how you have demeaned yourselves, you will be permitted to live there, or whether you have not swallowed that land down your throats as well as the land on this side. We, there fore, assign you two places to go, either to Wyoming or Shamokin. You may goto either of these places, and then we shall have you more under our eye, and shall see how you behave. Don't deliberate, but remove away and take this belt of wampum." This incisive speech was interpreted by Conrad Weiser into English, and by Cornelius Spring into the Delaware language, when Canassatego, taking a string of wampum, added, — " After our just reproof aud absolute order to depart from the land, you are now to take notice of what we have further to say to you. This string of wampum serves to forbid yon, your children, and grand children, to the latest posterity, for ever meddling in land affairs; neither you nor any who shall descend from you are ever hereafter to presume to sell any land, for which purpose you are to preserve this Btring in memory of what your uncles have this day piven you in charge. We have some other business to transact with our brethren, and therefore depart the council and consider what has been said to you." CHAPTER V. The Murder of John Armstrong, an Indian Trader, and his Companions. John, familiarly called " Jack," Armstrong, an In dian trader, and his two companions, James Smith arid Woodworth Arnold, were murdered by three Delaware Indians-at the Narrows, above the borough of Mount Union, about the middle of February, 1744. This event, which spread alarm and consternation among the frontier settlers and the traders, gave name to the narrow gorge through which the Juniata breaks its winding course. Jack's Narrows are known to every traveler who has wended his way through the narrow defile. " Jack's Spring" is celebrated for its cool, silvery water. The following deposition communicates the first au thentic intelligence of the murders : " Paxton, April 19% 1744. " The Deposition of the Subscribers Testifieth and Saith that the Sub scribers having a Suspicion that John Armstrong, Trader, Together with his Men, James Smith & Woodworth Arnold were Murther'd by ye In dians. They met at the House of Joseph Chambers in Paxton, and there consulted to go to Shamokin, To Consult with the Delaware King & Se- caliina1 & their Council, what they should do Concerning the Affaire. Whereupon the King & Councel Ordered Eight of their men to go with the depls. to the Honae of James Berry, in order to go in quest of the Murther'd persons; but that Night they came to said Berry's House, three of the Eight Indians ran away, and the next Morning these Depto, To gether wth ye five Indians that remained, Set on their Journey Peace ably to the last Supposed sleeping place of the Deceased, and upon their Arrival, these DeptB. dispersed themselves in Order to find out the Corps of the deceased, & one of, the Depto. Named James Berry, a Small Dis tance from the aforesd sleeping Place Came, came to a White Oak Tree which had three Knotches on it, & close by sd Tree he found a Shoul der Bone, (which these Dep*3. does Supose. to be John Armstrong's, And that he himself was Eating by the Indians) which he carried to the aforesd sleeping place and Showed to his Companions, one of which handed it to the sd five Indians to know what bune it was, & they, after passing different sentiments upon it, handed it to a Delaware Indian i The name of this chief of the Six Nations is variously spelled, accord ing to the fancy of the writer. By some it has been written Shikellimo, others Shick Calamy, etc. 10 HISTORY OP HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. who was Suspected by the Depts, and they Testify and Say, that as soon as the sd Indian took the bone in his hand, his Nose Gushed out with Blood, -and he directly handed it to Another, from whence these Dep" steered along a path about three or four Miles to the Narrows of Juniata, where they Suspected the Murther to be Comited, and where .the Alle gany Road Crosses the Creek. These Dep13 Sat Down in Order to Con sult on what Measures to take in order to proceed on a Discovery, Whereupon most of the White Men, These Dep" Cros^t the Creek again, And went down the Creek and Crost into an Island where these Depta had had Intelligence the Corps had been Thrown e; And There they Met the rest of the White Men & Indians who was in Company, and there Consulted to go further down the Creek in Quest of the Corps, & These Depte Further saith, they Ordered the Indians to go down the Creek on the Other side, but they all followed these Dep1" at a Small distance, ex cept one Indian who Cros't the Creek again, & Soon After these DeptB Seeing Some Bawld Eagles and other Fowles, Suspected the Corps to bo thereab13, and thereau1* lost Sight of the Indians, & Immediately found one of the Corps, wch these depw says was the Corps of James Smith, one of sd Armstrong's Men, And Directly upon finding the CorpB, these Dep*8 heard three Shotts of Guns, which they had great Reason to Think was the Indians, their Companions, who had deserted from them, and in order to let him know they had found the Corps, these depta fired three Guns, but to no purpose, for they Never saw the Indians any More, and Abt Quarter of a Mile farther down the Creek, they Saw More Bawled Eagles, whereupon they made down towards the Place, where they found another Corps, (being the Corps of Woodworth Arnold, the other Serv* of sd John Armstrong) lying an a rock, and then Went to the For mer Sleeping place, where they had Appointed tu meet the Indians, but Saw no Indians, only that the Indians had been there & Cooked Some Victuals for themselves and had gone off. And that Night these Depto further says they had great Reason to suspect that the Indians was then Thereab1, and intended to do them some Damages, for a Dog these Depta had with them Barking that Night, which was remarkable, for the a* Dog had not Barked all the time they was out till that Night, nor never since, which Occasioned these Dep^ to stand upon their Guard behind Trees, with their Guns Cock'd that Night. Next Morning these Depto went back to the Corps, which they found to be Barbarously and Inhu manly Murthered by Very Gastly and deep cuts on their Heads with a Tomahawk or such Like Weapon, which had sunk into their Sculs & Brnins, & in one of sd Corps there appears a hole in hisscul near the cut, which was supposed to be with a Tomahawk, which these Dep18 doeB be lieve to be a Bullet hole. And these Depta after taking as particular a View of the Corps as their Melancholy Condition would admit, they buried them as decently as their circumstances would allow, and re turned home to Paxton, the Allegany road to John Harris", Thinking it Dangerous to return the same Way they went out; and Further These Deponents saith not. " These sd Depp0'8 being legally qualified before me, James Armstrong, one of his Majesties Justices of the Peace for the County of Lancaster, have hereunto set their hands in Testimony Thereof. " Jas. Armstrong. "Alext>p Armstrong. "Thomas McKee. his "Frances X Ellis. mark " John Fforster. his " William X Baskins, mark his "James X Berry. mark " John Watt. "Jab. Armstrong. "David Denny." Thomas Cookson wrote to the Governor from Lan caster, under date of April 22d, informing him that John Mussemelin and John, son of Neshalleeny, both Delaware Indians, were adjudged at a council held by Shickalainy and other natives at Shamokin guilty of the murders, and were sent under guard to be delivered to justice. Neshalleeny's son escaped, but Mussemelin had been delivered and placed in jail. He stated that the prisoner confessed the crime, and gives his version of the circumstances. This letter was laid before the Council on the 25th, and directions given that Cori-^| rad Weiser should be immediately dispatched to" the*1 chiefs of the Delawares at Shamokin to make peremp tory demand for the delivery of the other murderers, and that Shickalamy and the Indians there shall make immediate search for the goods of the deceased, in order that they may be put into the hands of his. ' brother for the satisfaction of his creditors or the support of his family. Alexander, brother of John Armstrong, the mur dered trader, wrote to the Indians as follows : "To Alimoppus, King op the Delawares: "Great Sir, — As a parcel of your men have murdered my brother and two of hN men, I write to you, knowing you to be a king of Jus tice, that you will send us in all the murderers and the men that wag with them, as I looked for the Corps of my murdered brother, for that reason your men threaten my life, and I cannot live in my house : now as we have no inclination or mind to go to war with you, our friends, as a friend I desire that you will keep your men from doing me harm, and also send the murderers and tho Companions. I Expect an Answer, and am your much hurted friend and brother, j "Alexander Armstrong. "April ye.25th, 1744. " we have sent "John Miishamelen "to Goal." "To Sicalamous, The King's Great Councbllor : f "My Great Friend, — I write to you as you are a man that I hope will do your friends good ; now, my brother is murdered, and his men, by the Delawares; I desire that you will send us all the murderers and the men that Joyned with them, and as we do not want to fall out or quarrel with you without you make us do it, I desire that you will En deavour to send us all your men that are guilty of the murder, and tb.fr men that Joyned with them. j " I am your hurted friend and brother, "Alexander Armstrong. " April ye 25th, 1744. " We have sent John Mashamelen to Goal, and he says that the Nisha- lenerd's son killed Smith, and he is not willing to die till the rest are brought in to him." The superscription of the letter was, — "To Sicalamus, the great Councellor for the Mingoes." Conrad Weiser, upon whom the government always relied as a mediator and pacificator in troubles with the natives, in a letter to Kichard Peters, from "Tul- pehokin, April 26, 1744," giving an account of some other business, congratulated himself that by his ab sence from home he was spared the duty of inter ceding on behalf of the Indians with the government. But before his letter was forwarded he received one from the Governor, dated the 26th, containing the in structions of the. Council, and acknowledging the same in a postscript of the 28th, prepared to set out on the next morning for Shamokin. Peters' to Weiser was dated Philadelphia, April 26th, and was sent by special messenger. On the 2d of May, Weiser delivered his message at Shamokin to Olumapies, the Delaware cljief, and the rest of the Delaware Indians, in the presence of Shick Calamy and a few others of the Six Nations. Olum apies, in the presence of the Indians named, thus responded : THE MURDER OF JOHN ARMSTRONG AND HIS COMPANIONS. 11 "Brother, the Governor: "It is true that we, the Delaware Indians, by the Instigation of the Evil Spirit, have Murdered James (John) Armstrong and his Men. We have transgressed, and we are ashamed to look up. We have taken the Murderer and delivered him to the Relations of the Deceased, to be dealt with according to his works. "Brother, the Governor: "Your demand for the goods is very just. We have gathered some of them. We will do the utmost of what we can to find them all. We do not doubt but we can find the most part, and whatever is wanting we will make up in Skins, which is what the Goods are sent for to the Woods. " Brother, the Governor: " The dead Bodies are Buried ; it is certain that John Armstrong was buried by the Murderer, and the other two by those that searched for them. Our Hearts are in Mourning, and we are* in a dismal condition and cannot say anything at present." Shick Calamy, on behalf of the Six Nations, then said, — " Brother, the Governor: " We have been all misinformed on both sides about the unhappy ac cident. Mussemelin has certainly murdered the three white men him self, and upon his bare accusation of Neshaleeny's son, which was nothing but spite, the said Neshaleeny's son was seized and made a prisoner. Our cousins, the Delaware Indians, being then drunk, in particular Olumapies, never examined things, but made an innocent person prisoner, which gave a great deal of disturbance amongst us. However, the two prisoners were sent, and by the way in going down the river they stopped at the house of JanieB Berry. James told the young man, 'I am sorry to see you in such a condition. I have known you from a boy, and always loved you.' Then the young man seemed to be very much struck to the heart, and said, ' I have said nothing yet, but now I will tell all ; let the Indians come in, and. the white people also ; they shall hear it.' And then told. MiiBsemeelin, in the presence of all the people, — "'Now I am going to die for your wickedness. You have killed all the three white men. I never did intend to kill any of them.' Then Mussemeelin in anger said, ' It is true I have killed them. I am a man, you are a coward; it is a great satisfaction to me to have killed them. I will die with joy for having killed a great rogue and his companions.' Upon which the young man was set at liberty by the Indians. We de sire, therefore, our brother, the Governor, will not insist to have either of the two young men in prison or condemned to die. It it is not with the IndianB as with white people to put people in prison on suspicion or for trifles. Indians must be firBt found guilty of a crime, then judgment is given and immediately executed. We will give you faithfully all the particulars, and at the ensuing treaty entirely satisfy you ; in the mean time we desire that good friendship and harmony may continue, and that we may live long together is the hearty desire of your brethren, the Indians of the United Six Nations, present at Shamokiu." The following is what Shick Calamy declared to be the truth of the story concerning the murder of John Armstrong, Woodworth Arnold, and James Smith, from the beginning to the end, to wit: "That Mussemeelin owing some skins to John Armstrong, the said Armstrong seized a horse of the said Mussemeelin and a rifled gun; the gun was taken by James Smith, deceased. Some time last winter Mus semeelin met Armstrong on the river Juniata and paid to about twenty shillings, for which he offered a neck-belt in pawn to Armstrong, and demanded his horse, and James [John ?J Armstrong r fused it and would not deliver up the horse, but enlarged the debt, as his usual custom was, and after some quarrel the Indian went away in great anger without his horse to his hunting-cabin. Some time after this Armstrong with his two companions, on, their way to Ohio, passed by Mussemeelin's hunting-cabin; his wife only being at home demanded the horse of Armstrong, because lie was her proper goods, but did not get him, Armstrong had by this time sold or lent the horse to James Berry. After Mnssemeerhi came from hunting, his wife told him that Arm strong was gone by, and that she demanded the horse of him, but did not get him ; and, as is though!, pressed him to pursue and take revenge of Armstrong. The third day in the morning after James Armstrong was gone by, Mussemeelin said to two young men that hunted with him, 'Come, let us go toward the Great Hills to hunt bears;' accordingly they went all three in company. After they had gone a good way Mussemeelin, who was foremost, was told by the two young men that they were out of their course. 'Come you along,' said Mussemeelin. and they accordingly followed him till they came to the path that leads to Ohio.1 Then Mussemeelin told them he had a good mind to go and fetch his horse back from Armstrong, and desired the two young men to come along; accordingly they went. It was almost night, and they traveled till next morning. MiiBsemeelin said, 'Now they are not far nff. We will make ourselves black; then they will be frightened and will deliver up the horse immediately, and I will tell Jack that if he don't give me the horse I will kill him ;' and when he paid so he laughed. The young men thought he joked, as he used to do. They did not blacken themselves, but ho did. When the sun was above the trees, or about an hour high, they all came to the fire, where they found James Smith sitting, and they also sat down. Mussemeelin asked where Jack was. Smith told him he was gone to clear the road a little. Mus semeelin said he wanted to speak with him, and went that way ; and after he had gone a little distance from the fire he said something and looked back, laughing, but he having a thick throat and his speech being very bad, and their talking with Smith, hindered them from un derstanding what he said, they did not mind it. They being hungry, Smith told them to kill some turtles, of which there were plenty, and we would take some broadband by and by they would all eat together. While they were talking they heard a gun go off not far off, at which time Woodward Arnold was killed, as they learned afterward. Soon after Mussemeelin came back and said, ' Why did you not kill that white man according as I bid you? I have laid the other two down.' At this they were surprised, and one of the young men, commonly called Jimmy, ran away to the river side. Mussemeelin said to the other, 'How will you do to kill Catawbas, if you cannot kill white men? You coward, I'll show you how you must do,' and then taking up the English axe that lay there, he struck it three time* into Smith's head before he died. Smith never stirred. Then he told the young Indian to call the other, but ho was so terrified he could not call. Mussemeelin then went and fetched him, and said to him that two of the white men were killed, he must now go and kill the third, then each of them would have killed one. -But neither of them dared venture to talk any thing about it. Then he pressed them to go along with him ; he went foremost. Then one of the young men told the other as they went along, * My friend, don't you kill any of the white people ; let him do what he will; I have not killed Smith ; he has done it himself; we have no need to do such a barbarous thing.' . Mussemeelin being then a good way before them in a hurry, they soon saw John Armstrong Bitting upon an old log. Musseemelin spoke to him and said, ' Where is my horse?' Armstrong made answer, and said, ' He will come by and by ; you shall have him.' 'I want him now,' said Mussemeelin. Armstrong an swered, ' You shall have him. Come, let us go to that fire (which was at some distance from the place where Armstrong sat), and let us smoke and talk together.' 'Go along then,' said Mussemeelin. *I am com ing,' said Armstrong; 'do you go before Mussemeelin, do you go fore most.' Armstrong looked then like a dead man, and went toward the fire, and was immediately Bhot in his back by Mussemeelin, and fell. Mussemeelin then took his hatchet and struck it into Armstrong's head and said, 'Give me my horse, I tell you.' By this time one of the young men who had fled again that had gone away before, but he returned in a short time. Mussemeelin then told the young men they must not offer to discover or tell a word about what had been done for their lives, but they must help him to bury Jack, and the other two were to be thrown into the river. After that was done Mussemeelin ordered them to load the horses and follow him toward the hill where they intended to hide the goods. Accordingly they did, and as they were going Mus semeelin told them that there were a great many Indians hunting about that place, if they should happen to meet with any they must be killed to prevent their betraying them. As they went along, Musse meelin going befure, the two young men agreed to run away as soon as they could meet with any Indians, and not hurt anybody. They came to the desired place; the horses were unloaded, and Mussemeelin opened the bundles and offered the two young men each a parcel of goods. They told him as they had already sold their skins, and everybody knew they had nothing, they would certainly be charged with a black action were they to bring any goods to the town, and therefore they would not ac cept any, but promised, nevertheless, not to betray him. 'Now,' says Mussemeelin, *I know what you were talking about when you strayed i The path,trail,or traders' road, leading via Aughwick and Standing Stone. 12 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. so far behind. You have agreed to betray me, but you shall fare like the white men if you intend to hurt me.' "The two young men being in great danger of losing their lives, of which they had been much afraid all that day, accepted of what he offered to them, and the rest of the goods they put in a heap, and cov ered them from the rain, and then went to their hunting-cabin. Mus semeelin unexpectedly finding two or three more Indians there, laid. down his goods, and Baid he had killed Jack Armstrong and taken pay for his horse, and should any of them discover it, that person he would likewise kill, but otherwise they might take a part of the goods. The young man called Jimmy went away to Shamokin, after Mussemeelin went to bury the good*, with three more Indians with whom he had prevailed. One of them was Neshaleeny's son, whom he bad ordered to kill James Smith, but these Indians would not have any of the goods. Some time after the young Indian had been in Shamokin it was whis pered about that some of the Delaware Indians had killed Armstrong and his men. A drunken Indian came to one of the Tudolous houses at night, and told the man of the house that he could tell him a piece of bad news. 'What is that?' said the other. The drunken man said, 'Some of our Delaware Indians have killed Armstrong and his men, which, if our chiefs should not resent and take them up, I will kill them myself, to prevent a disturbance between us and the white people, our brethren.' Next morning Shick Calamy and some other Indians of the DelawareB were called to assist Oluinapies in council. Then Shick Calamy and Olumapies got one of the Tridulow Indians to write a letter to me lo desire me to come to Shamokin in all haste, that the Indians were very much dissatisfied in mind. This letter was brought to my house by four Delaware Indians, sent express, but I was then in Phila delphia, and when I came home and found no particulars mentioned in the letter, and that none of the Indians of the Six Nations had been down, I diil not care to meddle with Delaware Indian's affairs, and stayed at home till [ received the government's orders to go, which was about two weeks after. OlumapieB was advised by his council to employ a conjuror, ur ker, as they call it, to find out the murderer. Accordingly he did, and the Indians .met. The *eer, being busy all night, told them in the morning to examine such and such a one, that they were present when Armstrong was killed, naming the two young men. Mussemeelin was present. Accordingly, Olumapies, Quitheyquent, and Thomas Green, an Indian, went to him that had fled first and examined him. He told the whole story very freely. They then went to the other, but he would not say a word, but went away and left them. The three In dians returned to Shick Calamy and informed them of what discovery they bad made, when it was agreed to secure the murderers, and deliver them up to the white people. Then a great noise arose among the Delaware Indians, and some were afraid of their lives, and went into the woods. Not one cared to meddle with Mussemeelin and the other that could not be prevailed on to discover anything, because of the re sentment of their families, but they being pressed by Shick Calamy's sons to secure the murderers, otherwise they would be cut off from the chain of friendship, four or five of the Delawares made Mussemeelin and the other young man prisoners, and tied them both. They lay twenty-four hours, and none would venture to conduct them down, be cause of the great division among the Delaware Indians, and Olumapies, in danger of being killed, tied to Shick Calamy, and begged his protec tion. At last Shick Calamy's son Jack went to the Delawares, most of them being drunk, as they had been for several days, and told them to deliver the prisoners to Alexander Armstrong, and if they were afraid to do it, they might separate their heads from their bodies and lay them in the canoe and carry them to Alexander, to roast and eat them. That would satisfy UU revenge, as ho wants to eat Indians. They prevailed with the said Jack to assist them, and accordingly he and his brother and some of the Delawares went with two canoes and carried them off." Weiser, in his capacity as mediator between the government and the Indians, had good opportunity of judging the disposition of the different races and their inclination to deal justly with each other. He did not conceal his conviction that the red man of the forest had been unfairly treated. In a letter to Sec retary Peters, dated June 21, 1747, he said, — " I have informed the government several times of the mischief some of our people from time to time did to the poor Indians, but I don't re member that ever anything effectually was done for theirrelief. Idesire you to press it on the council, iu the best manner you can, to order the Indians justice done in their complaint, that they may be satisfied of our true and upright heart towards them, according to what we proraisa' in public treaties. I shall be sick of Indian affairs if no medium is found to do them justice. It may happen that Borne of our people may be served as J. A. was, which is the only resentment the Indians uh. when once satisfied that they have to deal with a rogue and can'tigei; other satisfaction. Let such grievances be redressed out of the publio,, stock at this critical time, rather than suffer the Indians to be wronged, if no other medium can be found. I assure you, sir, I find it very hart sometimes to excuse the government, and must hear words entirely dis agreeable. I am satisfied the Indians have just reason to complain at the behavior of some of our people." At a conference held by Weiser with Shick Calamy and a number of other Indians, whom he had met at Chambers' Mill, \n Pextang, in June, 1747, before the above letter was written, they made special complaint, against James Dunning and John Powel, traders, for stealing property from a Delaware Indian, a sober, quiet, and good-natured man. The accusation against Dunning was for stealing forty-seven deer-skins and three horses (or mares) upon the heads of Joniady (Juniata) River, while that against Powel was for stealing two bundles of skins from the same Indian when he was in pursuit of Dunning. The Indian had sent the skins down the Juniata with his brother; giving him instructions to leave them on " the Island," at the house of another Indian. The brother went to Powel's house, and there took sick and died. Powel took the skins from the island, and it was claimed that he stole them. Powel was also charged with keeping a gun that had been pawned with him by these two Indians after the debt to him had been paid. Weiser, when writing to Secretary Peters, on the 14th of July, says he would be glad to hear what the Council pro poses to do about the complaints against these two traders, and adds, — " Shickelimy was very much concerned about it, and did want an an swer. He is afraid that no good will come from it if the Council don't find a remedy for the Indian's loss. I for my part am fully satisfied the Indian's complaint is just in the mean (main), let the particulars fall out as they will. When an Indian in his own ju lgment thinks himself wronged by some body, in->re especially by the white people, he will never forgive, and he is apt to revenge himself, and urged to do it by his country people. John Armstrong, the poor man, had warning sufficient to persuade him to due the Indians justice, but Covetnous prevented' him. At last he pay'd to dear for bis faultB. Our people are apt to for get such Exempels." Again, under date of July 20th, Weiser urges in a letter to Secretary Peters that the Indians must have satisfaction made for private injuries inflicted upon them ; if in no other way, they should be recoup pensed from the public treasury, and more than hints that they are not dealt with according to the letter II and spirit of the public treaties. He says it is difli-^ cult to arrive at the truth in private quarrels between the " white and the brown people, for the former will,*" outswear the very Devil, and the oath of the latter ia not good in our laws." Governor Thomas- communicated in his message to the Assembly May 18, 1744, official notation of the arrest and imprisonment of the murderer of Arm strong and his men, and at a treaty held at Lancaster in June with the deputies of the Onondagas, Senecas, Cayugas, Oneidas, and Tuscaroras he referred to thei THE ORIGINAL INHABITANTS OF THE JUNIATA VALLEY. 13 murder, and was responded to by Canassetego on behalf of the Six Nations. From his personal inter course with the Indian chiefs and the statements of Conrad Weiser, the Governor was convinced that the Indian complaints against the traders and others were well founded, and in a message to the Assembly on the 31st of July said, — "I cannot but be apprehensive that the Indian trade as it is now car ried on will involve us in some fatal quarrel with the Iudians. Our traders, in defiance of the law, carry spirituous liquors amongst them, and take advautage of their inordinate [appetite] for it to cheat them uut of their skins and their wampum, which is their money, and often to debauch their wives into the bargain. Is it to be wondered at then if when they recover from the drunken fit they Hhould take severe re venges? I shall do.all that lies in my power to prevent these abuses by ordering a strict observance of the law relating to licenses, and the rigid prosecutions against such as shall be discovered to sell rum to the In dians. But I am sensible these will avail but little, the ill practices of these people being carried on in the woods, and at such a distance from th« seat of government that it would be very difficult to get evidence to convict them. If I am rightly informed, the like abuses of the traders in New England were the principal causes of the Indian wars there, and I at length obliged the government to take the trade into its own hands. i This is a matter that well deserves your attention, and perhaps will < soon require your imitation." CHAPTER VI. The Original Inhabitants of the Juniata Valley — Unlawful Intrusions upon their Lands — Efforts of the Government to restrain the Intru* ders. The Indians found in the valley of the Juniata by the white pioneers were Monseys and Conoys of the Lenape nation, Nanticokes of the same original stock, Shawnees and Tuscaroras. Some Mingoes of the Iro quois nation made their home afterwards for some time in Kishacoquillas Valley. In an account dated in 1731, appended to the depositions of Jonah Davenport and James Le Tort, Indian traders, mention is made of Indian towns on the river as follows : Ohesson, upon Choniata, distant from Susquehanna sixty miles. Shawanese. Twenty families and sixty men. Kissikahquelas. Assunnepahla, upon Choniata, distant about one hun dred miles by water and fifty by land from Ohesson. Delawares. Twelve families and thirty-six men. Trading-posts had been fixed at an early day in the valley, where goods were bartered with the natives for furs and skins, but settlements could not be law fully made prior to the extinction of the Indian title by the treaty of 1754. Notwithstanding the fact that before the treaty the lands were expressly withheld from occupancy by the whites, they, regardless of treaty stipulations and the reserved rights of the ab origines, pushed forward beyond the purchase-lines, and began settlements here and there as inclination led or choice lands and abundance of game attracted them. The first complaint by the Indians about in trusions upon unpurchased lands in this valley is de scribed in the following paragraphs. At a meeting of the proprietary, Thomas Penn, the Lieutenant-Governor, and members of the Provincial Council, with Shekallamy, a chief, and Indians of the Six Nations, held at Philadelphia on the 19th day of June, 1733, through the interpreter, Conrad Weiser, Shekallamy, after disposing of other items of his mis sion, asked " Whether the proprietor had heard of a letter which he and Sassoonan sent to John Harris, to desire him to desist from making a plantation at the mouth of Choniata, where Harris has built a house and is clearing fields." They were told that Harris had only built that home for carrying on his trade ; that his plantation, on which he has houses, barns, etc., at Pextan, is his place of dwelling, and it is not to be supposed he will re move from thence ; that he has no warrant or order for making a settlement at Choniata. Shekallamy said that though Harris may have built a house for the conveniency of his trade, yet he ought not to clear fields. - To this it was answered that Harris had probably cleared as much land only as would be sufficient to raise corn for his horses. Shekallamy said, " He had no ill to John Harris, it is not his custom to bear any man ill will, but he is afraid that the warriors of the Six Nations, when they pass that way, may take it ill to see a Settlement made on lands which they have always desired to be kept free from any persons set tling on." He was told in answer that care should be taken to give the necessary orders in it. John Harris, father of the founder of Harrisburg, was a native of Yorkshire, England, and settled on the bank of the Susquehanna some time before the year 1726. He carried on an extensive trade with the neighboring Indian tribes, bartering his merchandise for furs and skins. In the pursuit of his business he appeared to have established a branch trading-house at the mouth of Choniata, of which encroachment the ever sensitive aborigines uttered the complaints de tailed in the above paragraphs. Conrad Weiser, who appears as interpreter for the Indians at the meeting on the 19th of June, and who subsequently became an active and valuable in tercessor between them and the whites, was born in Germany in 1696, but at an early age emigrated to America, and settled about the year 1714. His nu merous letters, interspersed in our records and archives, indicate him to ha^e been a man of unusual acuteness, thorough knowledge of Indian character, and strictly upright in the business committed to him. His place of residence was in what is now Berks County, and the inscription of his letters written when at home, " Tul- pyhockin," indicates that it was at or near the creek bearing that name. He was the grandfather of Eev. H. A. Muhlenberg, once minister to Austria. Weiser is first noticed as an interpreter at a meeting of the Council held at Philadelphia, Dec. 10, 1731, to which he accompanied Shekallamy and another In dian, messengers sent to the Six Nations.1 1 Col. Bee, iii. 425. 14 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. A part of the business of the chiefs of the Six Na tions at the conference of 1742, which began on the 30th day of June,1 had reference to the consideration for releasing their claim to all the land in the prov ince on both sides of the river Susquehanna lying eastward of the Endless Hills, called by the Dela wares the " Kekkachtananin Hills." 2 The Indians having at a previous meeting received payment for the .lands lying eastward of the Susque hanna, the goods delivered on this occasion were for the lands on the west of that river. Rude and uneducated as the Indians were, they were not insensible of the value of their lands nor ig norant of the fact that the goods received in exchange therefor were either tawdry finery or articles of little use and soon destroyed or consumed. Canassatego, an Onondaga chief, on this occasion said, "We know our Lands are now become more Valuable; the white People think we don't know their Value, but we are sensible that the Land is Everlasting, and the few Goods we receive for it are soon Worn out and Gone ; for the future, we will sell no lands but when Brother Onas [Penn] is in the Country, and we will know beforehand the Quantity of Goods we are to receive." (Col. Rec, iv. 570.) The whites still persisted in their desire to push their settlements westward, probably for the double purpose of seeking game and securing good soil for cultivation. In the same speech from which we have made the last extract, Canassatego, in speaking of the lands westward of the Endless Hills, thus complains : " Your People daily settle on these Lands and spoil our Hunting. We must insist on your removing them, as you know they have no right to the North ward of Kittochtinny Hills." In these transactions the duplicity and greediness of the white man are prominently exhibited, and the Indians — sole and rightful proprietors of the soil — set examples of truthfulness and integrity which the European intruders might have imitated with credit to themselves. They are already aware that however justly the proprietaries and their officers deal with them, and desire to restrain the incursions of the whites into their territory in quest of game or for the purpose of settlement, the government is either too weak or not inclined to protect them and their rights, and that soon they will be driven from their 1 Col. Kecords, vol. iv. pp. 559, etc. 2 Indian deed dated 11 th October, 173G. This deed has been styled a pre-emption deed, and is recorded in the city of Philadelphia, in Book G., vol. v. p. 277, etc. It was executed by the sachems or chiefs of the Five Nations, to wit, Onoudagoes, Senekaes, Oneydas, Tuskaroras, and Cayoogoes, and granted and confirmed unto John, Thomas, and Richard Penn all the " River Susquehannah, with the Laud lying on both sides thereof, to Extend Eastward as far as the heads of the Branches or Springs which run into the said Susquehannah, And all the lands lying on the West side of the said River to the setting of the Sun, and to extend from the mouth of the Baid River Northward up the same to the Hills or mountains called in the language of the said Nations the Tyannun- tasacta, or Endless Hills, and by the Delaware Indians the Kekkachta nanin Hills." — Archives, vol. i. p. 494. domain by the advancing column of civilization. And this work to be accomplished by the formality of a deed, in exchange for which they will receive a few worthless trinkets, or by the gradual and certain increase of settlers on the frontier who restrict the limits and assist in the destruction of game, their only means of subsistence. Need we be surprised then to learn of some atrocious act committed by the red man upon the whites when they are daily harassed by settlers and traders coming uninvited among them and dealing out potions of poisonous rum, defrauding them in trade, and occupying their lands? In compliance with the request of the Indians the following proclamation was issued : " By the Honorable George Thomas, Esq.. Lieutenant-Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Province of Pennsylvania, and the Counties of New-Castle, Kent, and Sussex upon Delaware, "A PROCLAMATION. "Whereas, by the express Orders of the Hon., the Proprietaries, no Warrant or License has issued out of the Land-office for taking up or set tling any Land in the county of Lancaster, to the Westward of the Kit. toclitinny Hills, otherwise called the Endless or Blue Mountains, so that ail such as have presumed to poasess themselves of any Lands there are manifest Intruders, and as such liable by the Laws to bo removed, and, in Case of refusal, to be committed to Prison and severely fined. And Whereas, the Indians, at the Treaty made with them in the month of July last, did complain that they were greatly disturbed and injured by the Peoples settling at Juniata and in other parts of the county of Lan caster to the Westward of those Hills, and became earnest Petitioners that all such persons might be made to remove from thence, I, favor ing the request of the said Indians, and to the End that all persons con cerned may have sufficient Notice of the Dangers they incur from their resentment, and the Violation of the Laws, Have thought fit to issue this my Proclamation, hereby strictly requiring all persons who have pre sumed to possess themselves of any Lands situate in the places aforesaid, or in any part of the said county of Lancaster, to the westward of the aforesaid Ridge of Mountains, or who have seated themselves on any tracts appropriated to the use of the Indians on this side of those Hills, forthwith to leave their possessions, and remove off them witli their Families and Effects, as they will answer the contrary at their highest Peril. And as by reason of the approaching Winter, some may not be able to provide themselves witli fit Habitations or with the Necessaries of Life, if they Bhould be compell'd immediately to leave their Houses and Plantations, the Removal of such as are in these Circumstances is respited to the first Day of May next, the longest time that will be al lowed any one to continue in the possession of any lauds so situate as aforesaid. And I do hereby require the sheriff of Lancaster county to publish this Proclamation at the Churl-House of the said county, and to cause Copy's thereof to be affixed at the most publick places, and par ticularly at Juniata, and from thence all along on the Banks of the River Susquehanna to Wyomen, and at Licking Greek Hills, near the BiverPatow- meek, that none may pretend Ignorance thereof. "Given at Philadelphia, under my Hand and the Great Seal of the said Province, the Fifth Day of October, 1742, in the Sixteenth Tear of the Reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Second, by the Grace of God of Great-Britain, France, and Ireland, King, Defender of tile Faith, etc. "Geokge Thomas. " God save the King !" The provincial government doubtless honestly de sired to comply with the demands of the Indians, and to carry out in good faith the mutual contract made with them, but the cupidity of the daring white pioneer impelled him to pay little heed to the proc lamation, or to his own personal safety in resisting its commands. At a council at Shamokin, held April 9, 1743, the orator on the part of the Indians, in addressing " Brother Onas," through Conrad Wei ser, said, — UNLAWFUL INTRUSION UPON THE INDIANS' LANDS. 15 "The Dutchman1 on Scokooniady (Juniata) claims a right to the land merely because he gave a little victuals to our warriors, who stand very often in need of it. This string of wampum serves (the speaker then took two strings of wampum in his hands) to take the Dutchman by the arm and to throw him over the big mountains within your borders. We have given the River Scokooniady (Juniata) for a. hunting-place to our cousins, the Delawares, and our brethren, the Shawanese, and we ourselves hunt there sometimes. We, therefore, desire you will immedi ately by force remove all those that live on the said river of Scokooniady.7' From time to time the Indians repeated their com plaints against the intruders with little avail. The white pioneers cared little for paper proclamations, and less, if anything, for either the presence or the rights of the natives. Finally affairs reached such a crisis that the government must either enforce its laws or by passiveness invite savage revenge. Rich ard Peters and Conrad Weiser were accordingly sent out with authority to view the frontier, and dispossess any persons found on unpurchased territory. Peters' report is herewith printed in full, as it relates in part to a district within the bounds of Huntingdon County : " To the Honourable James Hamilton, EsQuntE, Lieutenant-Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Province of Pennsylvania, and Counties of New Castle, Kent, and Sussex on Delaware. " The Report of Si chard Peters, Esquire, Secretary of the Province of Pennsylvania, of the Proceedings against sundry Persons settled in the unpurchased Part of the Province aforesaid. " May it Please your Honour: " Mr. Weiser and I having received your Honour's Orders to give In formation to the proper Magistrates against all such as had presum'd to settle and remain on the Lands beyond the Kittochtinny Mountains not purchased of the Indians, in Contempt of the Laws repeatedly signified by Proclamations, and particularly by your Honour's late one, and to bring them to a legal Conviction, least for want of their Removal a Breach should ensue between the Six Nations of Indians and thiti Prov ince, We set out on Tuesday.the fifteenth day of May last, for the new County of Cumberland, where the Places on which the Trespassers had settled lay. "At Mr. Croghan's2 we met with five Indians, three from Shamokin, two of which were Sons of Scbickcalamy, who transact the Business of the Six Nations with this Government, two were just arrived from AI- egbeny, viz., one of the Mohock's Nation called Aaron, and Andrew Montour, the Interpreter at Ohio. Mr. Montour telling us he had a Message from the Ohio Indians and Twightwees to this Government, and desiring a Conference, one was held on the eighteenth of May last, in the Presence of James Galbraith, George Croghan, William .Wilson, and Hermanus Alrlcks, Esquires, Justices of the county of Cumberland, and when Mr. Montour's Business was done we, with the advice of the other Justices, imparted to the Indians the Design we were assembled upon, at which they expressed great satisfaction. " Anolher Conference was held at the Instance of the Indians in the Afternoon, in the Presence of Mr. Galbraith and Mr. Croghan, before mentioned, wherein they expressed themselves as follows: "'Brethren : We have thought a great deal of what you imparted to us, that ye were come to turn the People off who are settled over the Hills; we are pleased to see you on this occasion, and as the Council of Onondago has this affair exceedingly at Heart, and it was particularly recommended to us by the Deputies of the Six Nations when they parted from us last summer, we desire to accompany you, but we are afraid, 1 Supposed to refer to Frederick Star, a German, who settled near Big Buffalo Creek, in Oliver township, Perry Co. 2 In Cumberland Valley, about five miles above Harris' ferry. notwithstanding the care of the Governor, that this may prove like many former Attempts— the People will be put off now and next Year come again ; and if so, the Six Nations will no longer bear it, but do themselves Justice. To prevent this, therefore, when you shall have turned the Poople off we recommend it to the Governor to place two or three faithful Persons over the Mountains who maybe agreeable to him and us, with Commissions impowering them immediately to remove every one who shall presume after this to settle there, until the Six Nations shall agree to make Sale of their Land.' To enforce this they gave a String of Wampum and received one in return from the Magis trates with the strongest assurances that they would do their Duty. "On Tuesday, the twenty-second of May, Matthew Dill, George Cro ghan, Benjamin Chambers, Thomas Wilson, John Fiuley, and James Galbraith, Esquires, Justices of the said County of Cumberland, attended by the Under Sheriff, came to Big Juniata, situate at the distance of twenty-five miles from the mouth thereof and about ten Miles North from the Blue Hills, a place much esteemed by the Indians for some of their best hunting Ground, and there they found five Cabbins or Log Houses, one possessed by William White, another George Cahoon, an other, not quite finished, in possession of David Hiddlesson, another pos sessed by George and William Galloway, and another by Andrew Lygon ; s of these Persons William White, George and William Galloway, David Hiddleston, and George Cohoon appeared before the Magistrates, and heiug asked by what Eight or authority they had possessed themselves of those Lands and erected Cabbins thereon, they replied by no Right or Authority, but that the Land belonged to the Proprietaries of Penn sylvania. They then were asked whether they diuSnot know they were acting against the Law and in Contempt of frequent notices given them by the Governor's Proclamation. They said they had seen one such Proclamation, and had nothing to say for themselves but craved Mercy. Hereupon the said William White, George and William Galloway, David Hiddleston, and George Cohoon being convicted by the said Justices on their view, the Under Sheriff was charged with them, and he took Wil liam White, David Hiddleston, and George Cohoon in Custody, but George and William Galloway resisted, and having got at some Distance from the Under Sheriff they called Us, ' You may take our Land^and Houses and do what you please with them, we deliver them to you with all our Hearts, but we will not be carried to Goal.' *' The next morning being Wednesday, the twenty-third of May, the said Justices went to the Log House or Cabbin of Andrew Lycon, and finding none there but Children , and hearing that the Father and Mother were expected soon, and William White and others offering to become security jointly and severally, and to enter into Recognizance as well for Andrew's Appearance at Court and immediate removal as for their own. This Proposal was accepted, and William White, David Hiddleston, and George Cohoon enter'd into a Recognizance of One Hundred Pounds, and executed Bonds to the Proprietaries in the sum of Five Hundred Pounds, reciting that they were Trespassers and had no manner of Right and had delivered Possession to me for the Proprietaries. Then the Magistrates went to the Log House or Cabbin of George and William Galloway (which they had delivered upas aforesaid the Day before, after they were convicted and were flying from the sheriff), all the Goods be longing to the said George and William were taken out, and the Cabbin being quite empty I took possession thereof for the Proprietaries, arid then a conference was held what should be done with the empty Cabbin, and after great Deliberation all agreed that if some Cabbins were not destroyed they would tempt the Trespassers to return again, or encour age others to come there should these Trespassers go away, and so what was doing would signify nothing, since the Possession of them at such a Distance fro : the Inhabitants could not be kept for the Proprietaries, and Mr. Weiser also giving it as his firm Opinion th;it if all the Cabbins were left standing the Indians would conceive such a contemptible Opin ion of the Government that they would come themselves in the Winter, murder the People, and set the Houses on Fire. On these Conditions the Cabbin, by my Order, was burnt by the Under Sheriff and Company. " Then the Company went to the House possessed by David Hiddleston, who had enter'd into Bond as aforesaid, and he having voluntarily taken out all the tilings which were in tliP Cabbin and left me in Possession, that empty and unfu rnish'd Cabbin was likewise set on Fire by the Under Sheriff by my Order. "The next Day being the twenty -fourth of May, Mr. Weiser and Mr. Galbraith, with the Under Sheriff and myself, on our Way to the mouth of Juniata, called at Andrew Lycon's with Intent only to inform him 8 These cabins were probably in Pfouts' Valley, Perry Co., a short distance from Millerstown,and in the vicinity of one of the two Indian villages or encampments in that county. 16 HISTOEY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. that his Neighbors were bound for his Appearance and immediate Re moval, and to caution him not to bring himself or them into Trouble by a Refusal; But he presented a loaded Gun to the Magistrates and Sheriff, said he would shoot the first man that dar'd to come nigher. On this he was disarm'd, convicted, and committed to the Custody of the Sheriff. This whole Transaction happened in the Sight of a Tribe of Indians, who by Accident had in the Night-time fixM their Tent on that Planta tion, and Lycon's Behavior giveing them great Offence, the Sbickcalamies insisted on our burning the Cabbin, or they would burn it themselves Whereupon, when everything was taken out of it (Andrew Lycon all the while assisting) and Possession being delivered to me, the empty Cabbin was set on Fire by the Under Sheriff and then Lycon was carried to Gaol. Mr. Benjamin Chambers and Mr. George Croghan had about an hour before separated from us, and on my meeting them again in Cumberland county, they reported to nie that they had been at Sherman's creek, or Little Juniata, situate about six miles over the Blue mountains, and found there James Parker, Thomas Parker, Owen McKeeb, John Mc- Clare, Richard Kirkpatrick, James Murray, John Scott, Henry Gass, John Cowan, Simon Girtee, and John Kilaugh, who had settled Lands and erected Cabbing or Log Houses thereon ; and having convicted them of the trespass on their own View, they bad bound them in Recognizances of the Penalty of One Hundred Pounds to appear and answer for their Trespasses, on the first Day of the next County Court of Cumberland, to beheld at Shippensburgh; and that the said Trespassers had likewise en- ter'd into Bonds to the Proprietaries in Five Hundred Pounds Penalty to remove off immediately, with all their Servants, Cattle, and Effects, and had delivered Possession of their Houses to Mr. George, Stevenson for the Proprietaries1 Use; and that Mr. Stevenson had ordor'd some of the meanest of those Cabbins to be set on Fire, where the Families were not large nor the Improvements considerable. " On Monday, the 28th of May, we were met at Shippensburgh by Sam uel Smith, William Maxwell, George Croghan, Benjamin Chambers, Robert Chambers, William Allison, William Trent, John Fiuley, John Miller, Hermauus Alricks, and James Galbraith, Esquires, Justices of Cumberland Comity, who informing us that the People in theTuscoraro Path, in the Big Cove, and at Au quick would submit, Mr. Weiser most earffestly pressed that he might be excused any further Attendance, having abundance of necessary Business to do at Home; and the other Magistrates, tho' with much Reluctance, at last consenting, he left us. "On Wednesday, the thirtieth of May, the Magistrates and Company, being detain'd two Days by Ram, proceeded over the Kjttochttinney Mountains and enter'd into the Tuscoraro Path, or Path Valley thro1 which the Road to Allegheny lies. Many settlements were found in this Valley, and all the People were sent fur, and the following Persons appear'd, viz.: Abraham Slack, James Blair, Moses Moore, Arthur Dun- lap, Alexander McCartie, David Lewis, Adam McCartie, Felix Doyle, Andrew Dunlap, Robert Wilson, Jacob Pyatt, Jacob Pyatt, Junior, Wil liam Ramage, Reynolds Alexander, Samuel Patterson, Robert Baker, John Armstrong, and John Potts, who were aU convicted by their own Confession to the Magistrates of the like Trespasses with those at Sheer- man's Creek, and were bound in the like Recognizances to appear at Court, and Bonds to the Proprietaries to remove with all their Families, Servants, Cattle, and Effects; and having all voluntarily given Possession of their Houses to me, some ordinary Log Houses to the Number of eleven were burned to the Ground, the Trespassers, most of them cheerfully, and a very few of them with reluctance, carrying out ail their Goods. Some had been desened before and lay waste. "At Aucquick Peter Falconer, Nicholas Delong, Samuel Perry, and John Charleton were convicted on the view of the Magistrates, and having enter'd into like Recognizances and executed the like Bonds, Charleton's Cabbin was burnt and Fire set to another that was just begun, consisting only of a few Logs pil'd and fastened to one another. " The like Proceedings at Big Cove against Andrew Donaldson, John Maccl el I and, Charles Stuart, James Downy, John Macmean, Robert Ken- dell, Samuel Brown, William Shepperd, Roger Murphy, Robert Smith, William Dickey, William Millican, William Macconnell, Alexander Macconnell, James Campbell, William Carrell, John Martin, John Jamison, Hans Patter, John Maccollin, Adam Macconnell, James Wil son, and John Wilson, who coming before the Magistrates were con victed on their own Confession of the like Trespasses as in the former cases, and were all bound over in the like Recognizances and executed the like Bond to the Proprietaries. Three waste Cabbins of no value were burnt at the North end of the Cove by the Persons that claim'd the right to them. "The Little Cove and Big and Little Conolloways being the only Places remainingto be visited, as this was on tho Borders of Maryland the Magistrates declin'd going there,aud departed to their Homes. The next Day several of the Inhabitants of the Little Cove came to me at Philip Davies and gave me a Petition addressed to the Governor, purporting That they were settled to the North of the Temporary Line* in the Province of Pennsylvania, Westward to the Place where that Line was left off, and pray'd that his Honour might suffer them to remain there till the Line should be extended and tho Purchase made of the Lands from the Indians. Finding the Petition signed only by a few I returned it, telling them when it was signed by more if it should appear to me that they were North of the Temporary Line I would recommend their Case to the Governor, but that if they were settled South of the Tempo. rary Line they were in the Jurisdiction of Maryland and this Govern ment would have nothing to do with them, adding that what had been done was solely with a View to prevent an Indian War, and was under taken as much to serve the neighboring Colonies as our own; That there was a good Harmony subsisting between the Governments of Pennsylva nia and Mar land, and I hop'd it would always continue, and recom mended it to them earnestly not to have Recourse to this Government if they were to the South of the Line, or if they were really to the North of it that they would give no Umbrage to Maryland, but behave friendly and be sure to avoid creating any Cause of Complaint from the Governor of Maryland. " I have truly related the several Matters of Fact in the order they wera done by the Magistrates as well as myself, but I should not do Justice to myself or Mr. Weiser, in whom your Honour placed the same confidence and whom I principally consulted about the mode of executing your commands, if I should close my Report here without giving the History of these settlements, and shewing upon what solid and just Reasonings our Proceedings were founded. Your Honour will, therefore, indulge me in laying this matter particularly before you, that it may appear we have acted a right and dutiful Part to the Government and a kind and affectionate Part to these indiscreet people. "About the year 1740 or 1741, one Frederick Starr, a German, with two or three more of his Countrymen, made some small settlements at the very same place where we found William White, the Galloways, and Andrew Lycon, which were discovered by the Delawares at Sbamokiu to the Deputies of the Six Nations as they came down to Philadelphia in the year 17-42 to hold a Treaty with this Government, and they were so disturbed at it as to enquire with a peculiar Warmth of Governor Thomas if these People had come then* by the orders or with the Priv ity of the Government, alledging that if it was so this was a Breach of the Treaties subsisting between the Six Nations and the Proprietor Wil liam Penn, who in the most Solemn Manner bad engaged to them not to suffer any of the People to settle Lands till he had purchased them from the Council of the Six Nations. The Governor, as be might with great Truth disown any knowledge of these Persons' Settlements, and on the Indians insisting that they should be immediately thrown over the Mountains, he promised to issue bis Proclamation, and if this had no effect to put the Laws in Execution against them. The Indians in the same Treaty publicity express'd very severe Threats against tho Inhabitants of Maryland for settling Lands forwhich they had received no Satisfaction, and said if they would not do them justice they would do justice to themselves, and would certainly have committed Hostili ties if a Treaty had not have been set on Foot between Maryland and the Six Nations, under the Mediation of Governor Thomas, at which the Indians consented to sell the Lands and receive a valuable consideration for them, which put an end to the Danger. "The Proprietaries were then in England, but observing on perusing the Treaty with what asperity they had expressed themselves against Maryland, and that the Indians had just Cause to complain of the Set tlements at Juniata, so near Shamokin, they wrote to their Governor in very pressing Terms to cause those Trespassers to be immediately re moved; and both the Proprietaries and Governor laid their commands on me to see this done, whh-h I accordingly did in June, 1743, the Gov ernor having first given them Notice by a Proclamation served upon them. "At that time none had presumed to settle at a Place called the Big Cove (having this Name from its being enclosed in the Form of a Bason by the farthermost Range of the Kittochtinny Hills and the Tuscoraro Hills, which last end here and lose themselves in other Hills). This l The boundary between Pennsylvania and Maryland was disputed for many years. After much contention the authorities of the two prov inces consented to the establisbmentof a temporary line, which was run in 1739 as far west as the summit of the Cove or Kittalinny Mountain. This was recognized until superseded by the permanent line established by Mason and Dixon, 1764-67. EFFORTS OF THE GOVERNMENT TO RESTRAIN THE INTRUDERS. 17 Big Cove1 is about five, miles North of the Temporary Line, and not far West of the Place where the Line terminated. Between the Big Cove and the temporary Line lies the Little Cove, so called from being (likewise encircled with Hills; and to the West of the Little Cove towards Patowmec lie two or three other Places called the Big and Little Conolloways, all of them situate on the Temporary Line, was it . to be extended towards Patowmec. In the year 1741 or 1742 Information was likewise given that People were beginning to settle in these Places, some from Maryland and others from this Province. But as the two Governments were not then on very good Terms, the Governor did not think it proper to take any other Notice of these Settlements than to •send the Sheriff to serve his Proclamation on them, though it gave am ple occasion to lament tho vast Inconveniences which attend unsettled Boundaries, After this the French War came on, and the People in those Parts taking advantage of the Confusion of the Times, by little and little stole into the Great Cove, so that at the End of the War it was ¦said thirty Families had settled there, not however without frequent Prohibitions oh the Part of the Government, and Admonitions of the great Danger they run of being cut off by the Indians, as these settle ments were on Lands not purchased of them. And at the Close of the War Mr. Maxwell, one of the Justices of Lancaster County, delivered a particular Message from this Government to them, ordering their Re moval, that they might not occasion a Breach with the Indians ; but it had no effect. "These were, to the best of my Remembrance, all the Places settled by the Penusylvauians in the unpurchased Part of the Province till about three years ago, when some Persons had the Presumption to go into the Path Valley2 or Tuscoraro Gap, lying to the East of the Big Cove, and into a Place called Aucquick,3 lying to the Northward of it, and likewise into a Place called Sherman's Creek,4 lying all along the Waters of Juniata, and is situate East of the Path Valley, through which the present Road'goes from Harris' Ferry to Allegheny, and lastly they extended their Settlements to Big Juniata; the Indians all this while repeatedly complaining that their Hunting Ground was every Day more and more taken from them, and that there must infallibly arise quarrels between their Warriors and these Settlers which would in the End break the Chain of Friendship, and pressing in the most importunate Terms their speedy Removal. The Government in 1748 sent the Sheriff and three Magistrates with Mr. Weiser unto these Places to warn the People; but they, notwithstanding, continued their Settlements in Op position to all this, and as if these People were only prompted by a Desire to make Mischief, settled Lands no better, nay not so good as many vacant Lands within the purchased Parts of the Province. ''The Bulk of these Settlements were made during the Administration of President Palmer, and it is well known to your Honour, tho' then in England, that his attention to the Safety of the City and the Lower Counties would not permit him to extend more Care to Places so re mote. " In these Circumstances Matters stood between the Indians and this Province when the Six Nations came last Summer to visit the Govern ment on the Closing of the War, and to receive a Present in Reward of their Fidelity. At this Treaty they- renewed their complaints of the Injuries received by these Encroachments on their hunting-grounds, and peremptorily insisted on the Removal of the Intruders ; and your Honour, as an Expedient to quiet them, proposed a purchase of those Lands from the Indians, signifying to them that it would be more agree able to you to buy them (as the Cause of Complaint principally arose there) than any other; but they absolutely refused, and instead thereof made an offer of about two Millions of Acres on the East Side of Sasque hannah, saying the People might go and settle there, which was accepted and a Sum of Money paid them down ; and thereupon a Proclamation was issued to warn the People against continuing or settling on any unpurchased Land over Sasquehannah on the severest Penalties ; but this making no Impression, your Honour issued Orders to me and Mr. Weiser to effect their Removal. " I leave it to Mr. Weiser (as he was joined with me by your Honour) to make his own Report, and shall only observe that in all our Consul tations he (who is Indian Interpreter for Virginia and Maryland as well aB of this Province, and must be supposed to know the minds of the In dians the best) proceeded on this as a certain Truth, that if we did not i Fulton County. s Fannett township, Franklin Co. 8 On the waters of Little Aughwick Creek, in Dublin township, Huntingdon Co., and the township of the same name in Fulton County. 4 Perry County. 2 in this Journey entirely remove these People it would not be in the Power of the Government to prevent an Indian War ; and that aB the neighboring Provinces were as much concerned in this Event as our selves, he recommended it to the Magistrates either not to go or to act with the utmost Spirit, and his arguments were so convincing that all the Magistrates determined to go in a Body. " I- had furnished myself with blank Convictions and Mittimus settled by the Attorney General on the Act of Assembly intituled 'a Supple mentary Act, &c.,' and had taken his Instructions, and was determined to proceed by Conviction, Fine, and Imprisonment; but when on the very first attempt to convict and imprison the two Galloways fled from the Sheriff, it then appeared very plain to everybody that this method would not answer, and that if the trespassers, who were more numerous in other Parts, should believe they were to be carried to the Prison, they would either unite and with a superior F,orce resist the Magistrates, or they would flee from Justice, and, in short, that the whole Design must infallibly miscarry. " And it was remembered that in a similar case, on Complaint of the Indians, in the year 1721, the Magistrates residing in that Part of the Province did, by order of the then Governor, burn and destroy the Houses and Habitations of certain Settlers on Lands on the West side of Sasquehannah without Right. On this the Persons in Custody were told that they should deliver Possession of their Places to me, and be come bound in a Bond to the Proprietaries in Five Hundred Pounds, conditioned to move off with all their cattle, &c, and that in the Con dition they should acknowledge they had given Posses-don to me for the Proprietaries, and were told at the same time that some Cabbins must be burnt. With this they were satisfied,*and chearfully executed the Bonds, and expected that as their Cabbins did now belong to the Pro prietaries the Person in Possession of them might do what he pleased with them, and that some, if not all, would be destroyed. "At the Path Valley, und, indeed, at all other places, the offenders were got together and were told by the Magistrates beforehand what was intended to be done and that all the new settled Cabbins would be burnt. After they were told this they executed tho Bonds, thereby putting me into Possession, and very chearfully and voluntarily took everything out of their Log Houses and assisted in burning them. In truth, all submitted. in every Place except the two Galloways and An drew Lycon; and even the two Galloways came voluntarily after their Cabin was burnt and surrendered their Persons and entered inio Bonds and expressed Satisfaction at what had been. done to their Cabbins, saying That if the Indians were determined they should not stay there it was better to be away directly, as it waB Summer Time and mild weather. Finding such a general submission, and verily believing the Evil would be effectually taken away, there was no Kindness in my Power which I did not do for the offcuders, giving them Money where they were poor, and telling them they might go directly on any Part of the two Million of Acres lately purchased of the Indians ; and where the Families were large, as I happened to have several of my own Planta tions vacant I offered them to stay on them Rent free till they could provide for themselves; then I told them that if after all this Lenity and good Usage they would dare to stay after the Time limited for their Departure, no mercy would be shewed, but that they would feel the whole Rigour of the Law. " It may be proper to add that the Cabbins or Log Houses which were burnt were of no considerable Value, being such as the Country People erect in a Day or two, and cost only the Charge of an Entertainment. 14 Thus I have given your Honour a full Relation of this whole Trans action, humbly hoping the Part I have acted therein will meet with your approbation, and that it will have the desired good Effect in re moving the Trespassers and prevent their returning to their Settle ments, and any future Clamours or 'Complaints from the Indians on that Head, and am "Your Honour's most obedient, ''humble Servant, "Richard Petebs.6 "Philadelphia, July 2, 1750." None of these settlers had ventured farther west within the limits of Huntingdon County than the Tuscarora Valley in Dublin and probably Tell town- 6 Richard Peters was commissioned provincial secretary Nov. 24, 1748, and served until 1760. He owned the land upon which Hollidaysburg is located. 18 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. ships. The recollection of this official visit is per petuated in the name of the village of "Burnt Cab ins," situated in Fulton County, near the line of Huntingdon, in the vicinity of which some of the cabins stood, probably those of Falconer, Delong, Perry, and Charlton. In August and September following the occur rences detailed in Secretary Peters' report, Weiser was among the Indians of New York, delivering a message to them from the proprietary government. The Onondaga chiefs were anxious to know what action had been taker! towards removing the settlers on their lands near the Juniata and thereabouts, and expressed great satisfaction in learning from Weiser the result of the visit of the secretary and the officers of Cumberland County, and that the Governor had thus heeded their complaints about the intruders. The summary measures adopted by the provincial authorities in 1750 seemed to have the intended effect, for there does not appear to be any further complaint from the Indians about unauthorized intrusions in this region. Four years afterwards, in July, 1754, the Indian title was purchased, and the lands were formally opened for appropriation by warrant or actual settlement. CHAPTER VII. The Indian and French War of 1755 — Erection of Forte Shirley, Stand ing Stone, Fetter's, Holliday's, Lowry's, Hartsock's, Lytle's, Ander son's, McAlevy's, and Roberdeau — Troubles with the Indians during the Revolutionary War — Tory Expedition to Kittanning. The alliance between the French and western In dians, resulting in the failure of Col. Washington's expedition for the occupancy of the Forks of the Ohio and the subsequent defeat of Gen. Braddock, spread alarm throughout the province, and many of the fron tier residents abandoned their homes and fled for safety to the eastern settlements, while some of the more courageous, who remained behind to protect their homes or garner their little crops, were mur dered or carried off as prisoners. During the winter of 1755-56 a cordon of forts was built across the prov ince from the Susquehanna, as follows: Augusta, at Shamokin, now Sunbury ; Pomfret Castle ; Granville, on Juniata, above Lewistown ; Shirley, at Aughwick; and Littleton, in Fulton County. Fort Shirley, probably Croghan's fort enlarged or strengthened, named by Governor Morris in honor of Gen. William Shirley, stood on the high bank of Fort Run, on the western side of the main street of Shirleysburg, on or near the ground occupied by the dwelling of David Douglass. A map of the survey of the tract, made while the fort was yet standing, shows that it stood very close to the run. The last four named forts were completed about February 1756, and each garrisoned by a company of seventy- five men, exclusive of officers. Capt. Hugh Mercer,1 commandant at Shirley, reported, April 19th, that he had only thirty men, who were engaged to remain there until the 1st of May, by which time he is in hopes of completing his company. Col. John Arm strong, August 20th, reported to Governor Morris, that " as Fort Shirley is not easily defended and their Water may be taken possession of by the Enemy, it running at the Foot of a high bank Eastward of the Fort, and no well Dugg, I am of Opinion, from its remote situation, that it can't serve the Country in the present Circumstances, and if Attacked I doubt will be taken if not strongly Garrisoned, but (ex- treamities excepted) I cannot evacuate this without your Honour's Orders." Acting upon the suggestion of Col. Armstrong, William Denny, who had suc ceeded Robert Hunter Morris as Lieutenant-Governor, ordered the evacuation of the fort, and reported his action to the Council October 15th. In another let ter of the same date, written from Carlisle, now in the possession of the editor, Armstrong says, — "the great confusion and distress of this part of the country where with I am Publickly as well as privately concern'd has prevented my sending you the inclos'd Draft so early as I promis'd it. 'the people here move off daily, and many of them in a Deplorable Condition. Indians are seen every week in sundry parts of this County, & a general terror has so much obtain'd that few, very few, Care to shew their faces to these tawny sons of Violence! so that I fear blood shed & devastation is like to be the fate of the West Side of Sasque- hanna, but especially ye Poor County of Cumberland. " as the Capts. Armstrong and Ward examin'd the Ruins of Fort Granville, thoy discover'd the bones with some other parts hardly sepa rated, of Eight of the enemy which were there burn'd, Ye French officer having artfully carried our Prisoners out of sight of the Fort be fore he Order'd the Indians to burn the Barrack and Stores. " a certain Peter Walker, one of the Soldiers taken at Granville, has made his escape since the Dutchman did, and says there were 120 of the Enemy returned from Granville, aDd of these but 12 or 14 French, one whereof the Lieut, (a little before his death) had shot thro' the shoulder. Had this young man's life been spar'.l, Walker thinks that nothing but his Ammunition being exhausted (wch was not quite) or dieing for want of water, woul'd have made him yield. The Enemy by every means Urg'd a Surrender, but he obstinately refused, threatning to blow the brains out of one of his own men (a frenchman), who wanted to treat with the enemy in the French tongue. Soon after he ran round the Fort bravely encouraging the few men he had at theirseveral posts, and telling them the flame was much abated, to which he return'd, and iD throwing on of Clay rec'* the fatal Ball. He was immediately carry'd to his Barrack whore he expire'd. The Savage Scalp'd him, and the French rcfus'd to let the Soldiers bury his Corps; but the more gener ous flames supply'd the inhuman defect by turning the young hero into his Original dust. " The French had with them one McDonnel, a Scotchman, for their interpreter, who told Walker thoy woul'd soon take Fort Shirley, which they intended to do with 400 men. Cap* Jacobs said he woul'd take aiiy Fort that wou'd catch fire, and wou'd make peace with the English when they learn'd him to make Gunpowder. "The French and Indians divided our people, making Male & female Carry with them great Loads of flower & Salt. After some days jour ney the greatest number of the Indians fel back towards the inhabi tants, Walker knows not where, and the residue with the French pro- 1 Mercer was born in Scotland about 1720, and was educated as a phy sician. He was in Braddock's army in 1755. Subsequently settling in that part of Cumbe, land now Franklin County, he practiced his profes- flion. On the breaking out of the Revolutionary war he was appointed by Congress a brigadier-general. Wounds inflicted at Princeton N J caused his death, Jan. 12, 1777. Mercersburg, Franklin Co., was 'named out of respect to his memory. ERECTION OF FORTS SHIRLEY AND STANDING STONE. 19 ceeded with the prisoners. Walker made his escape in the Night some where about the Alleghany Mountain, and fell down Juniata to the Mouth of Tuscarora where my brother George was encamped. " I am, dear Sir, your most " Humble Servt., "John Armstrong."1 The destruction of Fort Granville and capture of prisoners by the French and Indians added to the ter rors of the frontier settlers, and impelled the govern ment to resort to more decisive measures to protect the people from the murderous assaults of the enemy. Accordingly Governor Morris, acting upon informa tion received from escaped prisoners that Shingas and Jacobs, the leaders of the hostile Indians, lived at Kittanning, from which point bands were fitted out for depredations in this and adjacent provinces, con certed an expedition against that town, to be con ducted by Col. John Armstrong, who was to have under his command the companies officered by Capts. Hamilton, Mercer, Ward, and Porter, and such vol unteers as could be enlisted. The expedition was to be conducted as secretly as possible, and was to be organized at Fort Shirley. About the end of August the command proceeded en route for Kittanning. "At the Beaver Dams, a few miles from Frankstown, on the North Branch of Juniata," the sections of the command that marched separately were consolidated, and proceeded via the Kittanning path to the objective point. The expedition was, considering the times and cir cumstances, well planned and promptly executed. By the 14th of September, Armstrong had reached Fort Littleton on his homeward march, and from that point sent by express to Governor Denny his official report. This bold and determined move stayed for a time the incursions of the enemy, but there was a sense of insecurity felt in the valley until about the beginning of 1762. On Jan. 5, 1757, the corporation of Philadelphia, as a reward for his services, pre sented Col. Armstrong with a piece of plate, caused a medal with appropriate legends to be struck, and addressed him a letter thanking him and his officers for their gallant conduct. In 1758 an army under Gen. John Forbes, com prising commands officered by Cols. Boquet and Washington, set out via Fort Bedford to dislodge the French at Fort Duquesne, and with the exception of a sanguinary engagement between advanced bodies under Majs. Grant and Lewis and the French and Indians, the main army reached the fort without serious loss, but found it in ruins. The French, un able to cope with the superior force of the English, chose to apply the torch rather than to surrender the fortress. Forbes erected defensive works, which the 1 Col. Armstrong with two brothers and a sister emigrated from the north of Ireland, and settled at Carlisle about 1748. He died March 9, 1795, and was buried in the old cemetery at Carlisle. His son John, born in Carlisle in 1758, served in the Revolutionary war, United States senator from New York, minister to France, and Secretary of War under President Madison. Dr. James, another son, became distinguished as a physician. He died in 1828, and was buried alongside his father. next year were supplanted by more substantial ones, and, in honor of the then British premier, were named Fort Pitt. The same year (1758), at a council held at Easton, the boundaries in the Indian deed of 1754 to the proprietaries were curtailed and more clearly defined, and their title to the lands in the valley of the Juniata confirmed. The Pontiac war, begun in 1763, again alarmed the frontiersmen, and quiet and peace was not assured until the successful termination of Col. Boquet's ex pedition in the autumn of 1764. Fort Standing1 Stone. — This fort stood in the vicinity of Penn and Second Streets in the borough of Huntingdon. Its dimensions or precise locality cannot be ascertained, for no one now living ever saw its lines of defense.' The only parts of it remaining in modern times were the logs from one of the maga zines that had been removed from their original place in the fort to No. 205 Penn Street, and there re-erected and utilized as the lower story of a building which was long occupied as a blacksmith-shop by John Simpson, James Simpson, David Snare, and others. They were of heavy oak timber, hewn on four sides, and " dove-tailed" at the corners so as to fit closely together. This building was torn down about 1854 to clear the ground for the erection of the residence of Theodore H. Cremer, Esq. The accepted tradition relative to the time of the erection of this fort fixed the date about the beginning of the war of the Revo lution, but on an interesting map of the territory em braced between the Hudson on the east, the central part of Ohio on the west, the shores of Lakes Erie and Ontario and the river St. Lawrence on the north, and Maryland on the south, constructed by Capt. Pouchot, in the French military service, and trans mitted by him to Marshal de Belle Isle in a letter dated Montreal, 14th April, 1758,2 quite a number of the English defenses and other prominent objects are located. Among those in Pennsylvania are Phila- delphie, Lancastre, Easton, Franckstown, Rays Town, de la Susqueahanna, Juneata R., Belle R., F. Com- berland, F. Standen Stone, F. du Quesne, Laudon, Liteton, Loyalanon, etc. Viewed in the light of our present geographical knowledge, the map presents many inaccuracies, but it is, nevertheless, a remark able exhibit of the district it essays to represent when we consider the time at which it was prepared, and the meagre data obtainable a century and a quarter ago in the then western wilds. This map gives Fort Standing Stone an existence at a date much earlier than that fixed by any English records that have been found. The French having, by the treaty of Paris in 1763, surrendered all their northern possessions to the British, were no longer in terested in this region, and after that time could have no motive to revise Pouchet's map, which as now printed purports to be ^.facsimile of the original. 2 Pa. Archives, Second Series, vi. 409. 20 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Other Forts. — Almost at the beginning of the Revolutionary struggle the settlers of the valley felt the necessity for providing safe retreats from invading parties of Indians, and forts were from time to time erected throughout the settlements. They were usually constructed of logs, and provided with loop holes to serve the double purpose of "outlooks" and for the use of the rifle in case of attacks. Those most elaborately built were made of timbers set on end and firmly imbedded in the ground, and were called stockades. Inside were magazines for the safe storage of ammunition, and barracks for the accom modation of soldiers or those seeking protection. Fetter's was above Hollidaysburg, near where McCa- han's mill stands. Holliday's, about a mile below that town, was Peter Titus' log barn transformed into a military defense. Lowry's was built in Canoe valley, three miles southwest of Water Street, where the German Reformed Church now stands. This being small, the house of Matthew Dean, farther up the valley, was used temporarily. The people of Sinking Valley were accommodated by a fort built near the residence of Jacob Roller. Hartsock's, in Woodcock Valley, near Marklesburg, and Lytle's, in Hart's Log, three miles south of Alexandria, served the inhabitants in their respective localities. On the southwest side of Shaver's Creek, near its mouth, was Anderson's, while farther up the creek Alexander Mc- Cormick's house was used for the same purpose. Mc- Alevy's, a short distance east of the village of Mc- Alevy's Fort, was the refuge of the inhabitants of Standing Stone Valley. The demand for lead in the Revolutionary struggle stimulated search for that metal, and sufficient indica tions were found in Sinking Valley to warrant mining operations there. In the explorations made tracings of ancient workings were found, and these were sup posed to have been the work of the French, to whom the Indians had communicated the information that lead existed in the valley. John Armstrong, then a major-general, in a letter from Yorktown, Feb. 23, 1778, to President Wharton, mentions this locality, and sug gests that the mine (on the proprietaries' tract) should, "at least for the present, be seized by. and belong to the State." Gen. Daniel Roberdeau, then a member of Congress, asked and obtained leave of absence for the purpose of going to the valley and conducting mining operations, and on the 17th of April was at Carlisle on the road thither. On the 23d of that month he was at Standing Stone, and on the 27th writes from " Sinking Spring Valley" encouragingly about the discovery of a new vein of ore that prom ises an ample supply. To protect his workmen a stockade was built, which was called Fort Roberdeau, but by many was designated the Lead-Mine Fort. During the autumn of 1779, Capt. Thomas Cluggage was in command of the fort with a company of Ran gers. In March of that year the provincial authorities decided to raise five companies of Rangers, making three hundred and eighty men in all, for the defense of the frontiers, and on April 7th the Council ap pointed Thomas Cluggage captain, and Means first lieutenant of the company to be raised in Bed ford County. At the captain's suggestion, Moses Donley was appointed second lieutenant, June 26th. October 10th he reported that his command had been reviewed and passed muster ; three officers and forty- three rank and file, one of the latter " killed or taken." Numerous parties of hostile Indians fell upon the settlers of the valley from time to time, murdering inhabitants, carrying off captives, and burning dwell ings. The particulars in most cases will be found in the history of the townships where these events occurred. The business of the land office is a pretty good indication of the sense of security felt by the people of the province in these perilous times. From Feb. 3, 1755, to the month of June of that year a dozen or more warrants were granted for land in Huntingdon and Blair. During the seven years im mediately following there does not appear to have been any issued. On May 31, 1762, several warrants were taken out for lands on the Aughwick, on the Frankstown Branch, and in other localities, and from that date business was quite active during the balance of that and the first half of the succeeding year. The only entry for 1764 appears to be George Croghan's application for a warrant for the Standing Stone tract, then held by improvement. The next year, 1765, a dozen or more warrants were taken out, and in 1766 a much greater number. In the latter year the " application system" was introduced, and hun dreds of persons availed themselves of the opportu nities it afforded of obtaining land on advantageous terms, and from the time at which this plan was put into operation, Aug. 1, 1766, until the close of the land office during the war of the Revolution but few warrants were issued. The Indians Grow Troublesome.— In the early part of the summer of 1777 the Indians began to make incursions from the West and commit murders and pillage in Westmoreland County, which had been set off from Bedford in 1773, and then em braced all of the southwestern part of the province. Col. John Piper, lieutenant of Bedford County, ap prehending that the savage foe would soon be em boldened to invade the territory of his military juris diction, supplied arms and sustenance to the militia called out for the defense of the frontier as far as it was possible with the means at command to do. In a letter to the Council, Dec. 19, 1777, he commends Mr. Holliday, of Frankstown, for his action in as sembling the people of his vicinity and in procuring provisions for the militia who went to their assistance. The situation grew more alarming, and Piper re ported to President Wharton, Jan. 20, 1778, that the situation of the frontiers was such that on consulta tion with Col. Hugh Davidson, sub-lieutenant, it was decided that to prevent the entire evacuation of the TORY EXPEDITION TO KITTANNING. 21 western part of the county it was necessary to raise thirty men for the defense of the Glades (now Som erset County), forty for the central division, including the town of Bedford, thirty for Frankstown, thirty for Sinking Valley, and thirty to guard the inhabit ants of Hart's Log and Shaver's Creek Valleys, the enlistments to be for nine months. He remarked that if the measures recommended be approved the set tlers will remain, and if rejected he had reason to believe that upon the first alarm from the Indians a great part of the county would be left desolate. The Council, February 2d, refused approval of his action, as it was unwarranted by the militia law, which pointed out the method of raising such a force as he deemed necessary in the emergency. ; The deprivations to which our citizens were sub jected are so fully portrayed in the following docu ment that it is presented entire : " May 19, 1778. "The Inhabitants of Dublin Township, To the honourable Assembly, the Representatives of the State of Pennsylvania : " We, your humble Petitioners, deeply impressed with a sense of the danger to which we are exposed by the Indians, beg leave in a suppliant manner to lay our case before you, praying that in your deliberations you may endeavor to adopt proper' measures for our safety and protec tion. You are no doubt informed that the Savages have already begun to murder and destroy the property of the inhabitants on the frontiers of this State; that those who escaped their barbarities, fearing lest they may also fall a prey into their hands, are flying to more secure parts of the Country. As this is the case, what are we to expect but in a short time to lie open to all the cruelties they are now obliged to suffer; our lives to be taken away in the most inhuman manner, our property to be wantonly destroyed, and ourselves and our families reduced to the great est distress. These are the dangers to which we look forward with fear and anxiety, and these are the dangers against which we pray that in your wisdom you w'd make the speediest and most effectual provision. Besides, should the cruelties of the savages extend as far as us, you must know that we are not capable of ourselves to make adequate re sistance; we must flie, and leave those who are now more remote from danger exposed to all that inhumanity which we now dread before the danger reaches us. We will cheerfully contribute all the assistance in our power to the present sufferers ; but should we ourselves become the sufferers, many circumstances will concur to hinder us from exerting ourselves effectually for that purpose. Farther, what will be tho conse quence of the savages ravaging the country and driving the inhabitants before them without any opposition. We shall Bhortly be deprived of the common support of life, nor have any secure retreat to w'h we may flie for protection. Hence it appears that the sooner we put a stop to their progress, it will in many respects turn out to ou-r greater advan tage. We would not pretend to dictate to your wisdom any particular plan necessary in the present exegenoy, but only pray in the most sup pliant manner that you would seriously consider our situation and pro ceed in the speediest manner against the evils that now threaten us. Neither do we lay these considerations before you to awaken in you the feelings of humanity. We apprehend you are sensibly affected with ' the view of our distressed situation, and will at all times act for tho good of the people, whose sentiments you are supposed to speak. We only mean to shew you that as we are a part of the whole, so the whole must be rendered more weak in proportion to the loss we or any other part may sustain. Your hearkening to the voice of our petition, and endeavoring to" give us the speediest succour in your power, will increase our obligations to confess ourselves to be ever bound in duty to pray. "James Coyl, John Moore, James Shields, John Tice, John Shedagars, Andrew Michael, William Marks, Andrew Hammer, George Sheda gars, John Galloher, David Walker, Nicholas Welch, Thomas Hunter, James Morton, Robert Ramsey, James Fleming, Campbell Lefever, Samuel Morton, James Neely, John Morton, Tho's Burd, Alexander McCalroy,' James McBride, George Wilson, John Stitt, John Appleby, James Wilson, John Wilson, Hugh Davidson, John Morrison, John Walker, Patrick Fitzsinimons, John Ramsey, William Carter, Rob't ' Nelson, Tho's Carter, John Brison, James McCee, Charles McGill, Henry Holtz, Isaac Lefever." These petitioners chiefly resided in the territory now embraced in Dublin township, Huntingdon Co., and Dublin township, Fulton Co., and many of their descendants now live in the same neighborhood. The Tories and their Expedition to Kittanning —Murders by the Indians.— The year 1778 opened inauspiciously for the province, and especially for the settlers in the interior. The British were in posses sion of Philadelphia, the Indians were menacing the settlements and Tories along the frontiers, adding terror to the already alarmed pioneers and their fami lies. The number of the residents in the upper part of the Juniata Valley that adhered to the mother- country during the early days of the struggle for in dependence has been greatly exaggerated, and the statement that the valley contained nearly as many . Tories as it did patriots 1 is a great error, and an un warranted reflection upon the patriotism of a region, sparsely populated as it was, that when New England app'ealed for aid, furnished a company of frontier rifle men to assist in the defense of Boston in 1775. On the other hand, public sentiment in favor of inde pendence was so strong in the valley, that those clearly guilty of treasonable practices could not dwell longer therein, while the sojourn of the suspected became very uncomfortable to them. Of the small number that had the courage to even secretly espouse the British cause, John Weston, who it is supposed then resided in Canoe Valley, a mile or two west of Water Street, was the chosen leader, and at his house convo cations were held. It appears that a general plan was formed to con centrate a large force of Indians and Tories at Kittan ning, then cross the mountain by the Indian path, and at Burgoon's Gap divide, one party to march through the Cove and Conococheague Valleys, the other to follow the Juniata Valley, and form a junc tion at Lancaster, killing all the inhabitants on their march. The Tories were to have for their share in this general massacre all the fine farms on the routes, and the movable property was to be divided among the Indians.2 A party was organized and proceeded to Kittanning in April, 1778, but by a mistake on the part of the leaders their designs were providentially frustrated. Gen. Roberdeau, in a letter from Stand ing Stone, April 23d, to the lieutenant of Cumberland County,3 apprised him of the expedition, and esti mated the number of men therein at thirty. He stated that one of them (Hess) had been taken, who, in a confession extorted, said they expected to be joined by three hundred men from the other side of the Allegheny. Roberdeau mentions the prevalence of other reports fixing the number of whites and sav ages at a thousand, but in view of provisioning so large a body, thinks the number to be overestimated. Carothers reported to the Council, April 24th, that he had j ust received an express from Kishacoquillas Valley 1 Jones, p. 250. 2 Ibid., p. 251. a Archives, vi. 436. 22 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. for a supply of arms, and bringing information that Col. McAlevy had come there express himself, with an account that a body of Tories, numbering nearly three hundred and twenty, had driven a number of inhabitants from "Standing Stone Town." This re port, if it had any foundation in fact, was greatly exaggerated, and Col. McAlevy, who was not upon the ground himself, was misinformed. Richard Wes ton, one of the Kittanning party, was arrested on his return to the valley, and sent, April 27th, by Gen. Roberdeau,1 under guard commanded by Lieut. Means, to the Carlisle jail, to await the orders of the Council. Carothers,2 who understood the condition of affairs at this critical time, stated the inhabitants are very much disheartened, not knowing at what moment those " villains" may bring down the savages to murder their families. Col. Piper, whose residence was some miles distant from the path from Carlisle to Kittanning, did not appear to receive information of the contemplated invasion until May 4th, when he wrote to the president as follows :3 "Sir,— An affair of the most alarming nature (and as I believe alto gether unprecedented) has happened lately in a Corner of this County, and web I could not think myself justifiable in not communicating to the Honorable, the Supreme Executive Council of this State. 'Tis as fol lows: a Number of evil-minded Persons, to the amount of thirty-five (I think), having actually associated together, marched away toward the Indian country, in order to join the Indians, and to conduct them into the Inhabitance, and there united, kill, burn, and destroy Men, Women and Children. "They came up with a Body of Indians near or at the Kittannings, and in conferring with them, they, the Indians, suspecting some design in the white People, on whoh one of their Chiefs shot one Weston, who was the Ring-leader of the Tories, and scalp'd him before the Rest, and immediately (as if Divine Providence ever attentive to Baffle and defeat the Schemes and Measures of wicked Men) the rest fled and dispersed. "A very considerable Number of the well-affected Inhabitants having, as soon as their combination and march was known, pursued them, and met five of them, and yesterday brought them under a strong Guard to the County Gaol.4 " They confess their Crime and Intention of destroying both Men and property. As these People thus in open rebellion are so numerous, there iB great Reason to believe them as a part of a greater whole in some dangerous confederacy with the Common Enemy, either at Phila. or Detroit.5 " Therefore it was as well my own Opinion as that of a Number of the Principal Inhabitants met for that purpose, that the Honorable Council be immediately requested to order in their Wisdom such relief as may appear to be most expedient, either in removing those Prisoners to some Place of greater security, or else order Commissioners for their immedi ate and speedy Trials, w<* last wou'd be the most gratefui to the Coun try, who are extremely incensed against them, and think the prosecu tion wou'd be more easily effected where the Evidence is on the spot, and perhaps give an immediate Check to so openly avowed Rebellion. " In the county of Westmoreland, at a little Fort called Fort Wallace, within some sixteen or twenty miles of Fort Ligoneir, there were nine Men killed, and one man, their Captn, wounded last week; the Partys of Indians was very numerous, so that between Indians (and the still more savage) Tories, these backward Counties are in real distress. " I am, Sir, " with the greatest respects, " your most obed* " Hble Serv' "John Piper." 1 Pa. Archives, vi. 446. 2 Ibid., 447. 3 Ibid., 469. * At Bedford. ' Piper here gave expression to an opinion prevalent at the time that the Tories were in communication with the British officers in Philadel phia, and that the Kittanning expedition, too precipitately undertaken, was a part of a plan to crush out opposition to England's rule over the colonies. In his letter of the 15th of the same month, Piper gives a still more gloomy account of the consterna tion of the people, the flying of great numbers to places of greater security, and the increasing dread of those who remained of an attack from the savages or their Tory allies. After Richard Weston's capture, he was examined, April 27th, relative to the Kittanning expedition, and narrated the circumstances as follows : That John Weston,6 his brother, asked him if he would go out to hunt. That he had heard at the Standing Stone that a company of men were going to join the English and the Indians, and his informant was Benjamin Elliot, in conversation with Francis Cluggage. That he refused to go hunting, and that brother John and wife both came and entreated him to go, and he was prevailed on. That last Thursday was a week he set off with his said brother, and the same evening was led by his brother to a company of men whom they met in the woods in Sinking Spring valley, viz., Samuel Berrow, Jacob Hare,7 Michael Here, Peter Shaver,8 Peter Daly, Adam Portmerser,9 Peter Portmerser, and old Portmerser, the father of Adam and Peter, ¦ McKee,10 James Little,11 John Campbell and William Campbell, William Hamson, James Armstrong,12 John and William Shilling, and others, whose names he does not remember, making in the whole, with his brother and himself, the num ber of thirty-one. That McKee, Jacob Hare, and Samuel Berrow, in particular, urged him, with a promise of three hundred acres of land, to pick the same where he pleased, if he would go with the com pany to the Kittanning to join four or five hundred English and Indians, and to return to Fort Pitt, Frankstown, and Sinking Valley, to kill the male inhabitants capable of bearing arms who were in any kind of fort or place of defense, and all others of any sex or age who attempted to escape or elude their search. That if he refused to join said company he would be hung or banished to the Bay of Honduras, if the English prevailed over this country. That he went with the company over Allegheny Mountain. That in their progress they were met by Indians, and 8 These Westons were sons of John Weston, Sr., an Englishman by birth, who resided on Raystown Branch, about a mile above its mouth, in Juniata township. Capt. John then lived on the " Means' farm, Canoe Valley. 7 Jacob Hare, who resided where Mapleton, Huntingdon Co., is built, at the mouth of Hare's valley. 6 Lived at the mouth of Shaver's Creek. » Adam Bardmess. His name appears on the assessment of Barree township for 1773 as Pottmiser, and ho is charged with five acres of im proved land, horses and cows; in 1774, as Beardmiser; in 1776, as Pat- misser. He owned lot No. 16 in the borough of Huntingdon, and a small improvement in the vicinity of the town. After the unfavorable result of his trip to Kittanning, a residence in Huntingdon was not congenial, and he went eastward. April 15, 1785, he sold his posses- sions in this locality to Henry Wikel, of Washington County, Md. 1" Lived in Amberson's Valley, Franklin Co. « Lived in Path Valley, Franklin Co. ; called in some accounts William. « Lived in Tuscarora Valley, Huntingdon Co. ; called in some account* John. TORY EXPEDITION TO KITTANNING. 23 that one of them shot his brother, and another of ¦them scalped him. That after his brother was shot, McKee pulled a letter out of his pocket which he had got from an English officer in Carlisle gaol, and with this letter displayed a handkerchief, crying peace, peace, brothers, but that the savages ran off without giving attention. That he immediately re- "turned, with McKee, Jacob and Michael Hare, Little, Adam Portmerser, Peter Portmerser, William and John Shilling, Peter Shaver, William Hamson, and one or two more whose names he does not know. That he parted with some of them at the foot of Al legheny, and with some others in Sinking Valley, all •of whom declared they would never return home or surrender themselves, but go to Baltimore, and wait the arrival of the English fleet. That he came and surrendered himself to Capt. John McDonald, at Ed ward Beaty's. That McKee informed the company .that he understood a number of English were to join the savages, and about the 10th of next month to •come down upon this State. That he was informed by his brother, John Weston, that John Hess was to meet and join the company. That he heard Zebe- •diah Rickets, now a prisoner, say that if he knew how to leave his family he would go away, to avoid taking the oath prescribed by the State.1 Col. Armstrong, June 23d, reports that a woman and two children were missing and one man wounded .at the head of Kishacoquillas Valley. This woman was the wife of Rev. David Eaton, who then lived on the farm lying immediately west of the gap in Stand ing Stone Mountain, Brady township, and now con stituting a part of what was commonly called the "Milliken mill property." Mr. Eaton had settled there in 1775 2 or earlier. The wife and two children were carried off by the savages, and all efforts on the part of the husband and father, assisted by many of his neighbors, were unavailing. Skeletons were after wards found near a path in the Warrior's Mark settle ment which were by some supposed to be those of the captives. A son, Joseph, escaped, and afterwards be- ¦came a man of some prominence as a surveyor and military officer. He removed to Ohio about 1805. His son George W., adopting the calling of the grand father, afterwards became connected as professor with •colleges in Kentucky and Hamilton, N. Y., and died in the latter place Aug. 3, 1872. The wounded man mentioned by Armstrong was a young Slagle, who, according to one tradition, was passing through the gap from his home to Pridmore's mill with a bag of grain. He was shot by some one in ambush, and instead of returning home proceeded i» Fort Standing Stone to have his wounds dressed. 1 Archives, vi. 542. 2 He obtained a warrant for the land Feb. 3, 1775. In June following William Scott, an assistant of William Maclay, deputy surveyor, went to .Eaton's " dv/elling-house" and made a survey of the land. On June 20, 1783, he obtained a pass to go to Canada in search for his children, who the hoped were yet alive. There was no surgeon at that place, and despairing of rendering him the necessary aid, some friends set out with him in a canoe to go down the river to Middle- town, the nearest point where he could be properly cared for, but he died before reaching his destination. He declared that he was shot by Jacob Hare. Armstrong, always practical, insisted that the grain then growing upon the frontier farms was of such im portance for the support of the people that it must be harvested, and, for the present, the idea of invading the Indian country must be postponed to enable the harvest to be cut, and to that end suggested that the work in the fields must be conducted by associated bodies of men, with guards to cover them and patrols to pass from settlement to settlement. He also recom mended to Congress' a simultaneous advance, at the proper time, of not less than three bodies of men from widely separated points into the Indian country in the valley of the Allegheny, as the most efficient means of routing the invaders of the settlements of the province. The authorities endeavored to carry out the suggestions for the protection of the frontiersmen engaged in gathering the crops, and to that end Col. Carothers sent to Standing Stone Valley such men as could be spared for that purpose.4 In a consultation between the Council and the board of war arrange ments were made for frontier defense, and it was agreed that Col. Brodhead's regiment, then (July 14th) on the march for Pittsburgh, should be ordered to the Standing Stone. In addition to these Continental troops, three hundred militia from Cumberland County and two hundred from York County were to be ordered to the same place. Brodhead's regiment, or the part of it ordered to Standing Stone, was estimated at three hundred men ; these, with the militia, would make a force of eight hundred.5 Other bodies, numbering ten hundred and fifty and five hundred and seventy, were ordered respectively to Sunbury and Easton. Brodhead received orders to pass over to the upper branches of the Susquehanna, and if he reached Standing Stoneat all, did not halt long there. The presence of his command exercised a salutary effect, as great number of the terrified inhabitants on the West Branch and Penn's Valley returned and saved most of the growing crops. Col. Carothers reported August 13th6 that great difficulty was experienced in procuring arms for the militia of Cumberland County ordered to Standing Stone ; that some of them had gone, and others were ready to go, but were delayed from want of camp-kettles, haversacks, and canteens. Dr. William Shippen, director-general, was informed by the Council that beside the militia at Sunbury there were two other commands in the Continental service that would require a supply of medicine; one, consisting of five hundred men, at Standing Stone, on the Juniata, in Bedford County, and the other of four 3 Archives, vi. 013. 5 Ibid., <«8-41. * Ibid., 620. ' Ibid., 709. 24 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. hundred and fifty men at or near Easton ; and he was instructed to pay attention to these two bodies at the same time that the one at Sunbury was supplied.1 During the latter part of 1778 and the early months of 1779 there were frequent rumors>of Indian incur sions east of the Allegheny Mountains and some murders committed. In the latter part of June, Breckenridge and his daughter were killed and scalped by the Indians on their plantation three miles south west of McConnellstown, in Penn township. This event struck terror among the residents of the adja cent valleys, and as a result the Frankstown settle ment was almost abandoned.2 In May, 1780, Col. McAlevy attended the Council in person and presented a petition of his neighbors asking that military relief should be sent to Standing Stone Valley. On the 30th of the same month, Maj. Robert Cluggage, in writing to Col. Piper from Hunt ingdon, reports that lurking bands of Indians had been at one of the gaps of the Allegheny, and that William Phillips on the preceding Friday had seen two Indians near the Three Springs, and was deterred from firing on them by having a child with him, which he was apprehensive might fall into their hands if he led an encounter. He, however, col lected some of the residents of the vicinity and traced them towards Pridmore's mill,3 but finally lost their track and abandoned pursuit. He expressed fears of other savage invasions, and detailing sixteen men as a guard for Huntingdon, urged that the post in Sinking Valley should be defended on account of convenient access to the gaps of the Allegheny. Col. Piper having been elected to represent Bedford County in the Council, he resigned the lieutenancy of the county, and on November 21st the vacancy was filled by the appointment of George Ashman, who then resided on the " Three Springs" farm, in Clay township. The General Assembly, spurred by frequent im portunities from local officers and private citizens, finally resolved to raise four companies of Rangers for the defense of the frontiers, one company from each of the counties of Northumberland, Westmore land, Northampton, and Bedford. For the Bedford company the Council, Feb. 10, 1781, appointed John Boyd captain, and Richard Johnston lieutenant. March 14th the Council, taking into consideration the defense of the frontiers until these companies could be raised, ordered the lieutenant of Cumberland County to call out two hundred militia, one-half thereof to be immediately marched to the defense of Bedford County and the other half for Northumber land, to be stationed as the lieutenants of those coun ties shall direct. On the 31st the lieutenants of Northumberland and Bedford were authorized and directed to enlist in the companies commanded re spectively by Capts. Robinson and Boyd and Lieut. l Pa. Archives, vi. ' 2 Ibid., vii. 635. a Mill Creek, Brady township. Kreamer as many volunteers to serve seven months as would fill their companies. Lieut. Ashman, June 5th, wrote Col. Arthur Bu chanan, at Kishacoquillas, he had learned by express that on the morning of that day, as a party of volun- were going from Bedford to Frankstown, a band of Indians fell upon and killed thirty ; seven only of the party escaped and made their way to the garrison at Frankstown. He urges Buchanan to exert himself in getting men to go to Standing Stone, and to let the residents along the river know of the movement so they can join with his men on the march. The latter reported on the 5th that the day before Col. Brown had marched a party to Standing Stone, and Capt. Means led another to reinforce the post in Penn's Valley. Various traditions have been current relative to this sortie, differing so much in details that it is preferred to give the account officially transmitted by Lieut. Ashman to the president of the Supreme Executive Council. Ashman lived some distance from the scene, and may not have been fully informed as to all that occurred. He wrote, — " Bedfobd County, June 12, 1781. " Sir, — I have to inform you that on Sunday, the third of this instant,1 a party of Rangers under Captain Boyd, eight in number, with twenty- five Volunteers under Capt. Moore and Lieut. Smith, of the militia of this County, had an engagement with a party of Indians (said to be numerous) within three miles of Frankstown, where seventy-five of the Cumberland militia were stationed, commanded by Captn. Jas. Young. Some of the party, running into the Garrison, acquainting Capt. Young of what had happened, he issued out a party immediately and brought in seven more, five of whom are wounded, and two made their escape to Bedford,— eight killed and scalped,— Capt" Boyd, Capt" Moore, and Capt" Dunlap, with six others, are missing. Capt0 Young, expecting from the enemy's numbers that his garrison would be surrounded, sent express to me immediately; but, before I could collect as many volunteers as was sufficient to march to Frankstown with, the enemy had returned over Allegheny hill. The waters being high, occasioned by heavy rains, they could not be. pursued. This county at this time is in a deplorable situation. A number of families are flying away daily ever since the late damage was done. I can assure your Excellency that if immediate assistance is not sent to this county that the whole of the frontier in habitants will move off in a few days. Colo. Abm. Smith, of Cumber land, has just informed me that he has no orders to send us any more militia from Cumberland County to our assistance, which I am much surprised to hear. I shall move my family to Maryland in a few days, as I am convinced that not any one settlement is able to make any stand against such numbers of the enemy. If your Excellency should be pleased to order us any assistance, less than three hundred will be of but little relief to this county. Ammunition we have not any. The Cum berland militia will be discharged in two days. It is dreadful to think what the consequences of leaving such a number of helpless inhabitants may be to the cruelties of a savage enemy. "Please to send mo by the first opportunity three hundred pounds, as I cannot possibly do the business without money. You may depend that nothing shall be wanting in me to serve my country aB far as my abilities. " I have the honor to be, " Your Excellency's most obedient, " humble servant, " George Ashman, " Lieut. Bedfd Cty." The masterly policy of Washington in the autumn of this year, resulting in the surrender of Lord Corn- wallis' army at Yorktown, October 19th, revived the spirits of the patriots and encouraged the despondent, TORY EXPEDITION TO KITTANNING. 25 and as the joyful intelligence was carried from settle ment to settlement the bold frontiersmen were stimu lated to hope that the day would soon arrive when the bloody scalping-knife would be returned to its sheath never more to be removed, and that along the fertile valleys of the Juniata the husbandman would be permitted to pursue his toil in peace. To guard the British soldiers surrendered at Yorktown levies were made upon the organized militia of the neigh boring States, and the Council, November 20th, or dered Capt. Boyd's company of Rangers to march to that place and act as guards over the prisoners, with instructions to remain there until February 25th fol lowing, and then return. The Council, Feb. 23, 1782, ordered Lieut. Richard Johnston, then at Yorktown, to march with his command forthwith to Bedford, and there put himself under the command of the lieuten ant of the county for frontier defense. During the balance of the year there were frequent alarms of In dian incursions, some well founded and others imag inative, but the military force was maintained in garrisoning the forts and by scouting parties. The number of men thus employed was sometimes so great as to subject the authorities to much inconven ience in keeping, up a supply of provisions. On September 20th, Lieut. Johnston was ordered to march from Bedford County and put himself under the command of Maj.-Gen. Irvine, to take part in a contemplated expedition into the Indian country. Washington disapproved of the movement, the plan was abandoned, and on the 28th, Lieut. Johnston's orders were countermanded. By a return made in November this company consisted of one captain (then a prisoner), one lieutenant, one ensign, two sergeants, two corporals, and forty-five privates. Capt. Boyd, missing after the affray of June 3, 1781, and supposed to have been taken prisoner by the In dians, on Jan. 4, 1783, asked and obtained an order on the provincial treasurer for thirty pounds (specie) on account of his pay, and two days later, on his repre sentation, an order was granted in favor of Henry Dugan, one of his sergeants, for six pounds, who had just " returned from captivity among the savages." By the month of June the safety of the inhabitants of the frontiers, that had for twenty-eight years been frequently menaced, was now so well assured that the Council on the 6th ordered that the Bedford, West moreland, and Washington ranging companies should be immediately discharged from the service of the State. Another Account of the Tory Expedition to Kit tanning. — When the news of this intended foray broke upon the residents of the valley, the narrative received high coloring from the affrighted people, and it is dif ficult at this day, after the lapse of a century, to ar rive at the precise facts. The statement of Richard Weston, one of the participants, given above, should have been full and correct, but possibly through fear or from a desire to shield himself or companions he may have withheld some important circumstances andibecome oblivious of names. From a manuscript entitled " An Account of some of the first settlers of the Juniata in Huntingdon County, collected from the first settlers themselves, by Samuel Caldwell,"1 the fol lowing statement of the expedition was compiled. During the time Gen. Howe, the British com mander, occupied Philadelphia an association was formed by the Tories in this region. They thought the British were about to reduce the country to sub jection, and supposed that by assisting the Indians to massacre the settlers on the Juniata they would be entitled to share the spoils and apportion the principal farms among themselves. The conspiracy extended from Path, through Amberson's and Tusca rora Valleys, and up the Juniata into Sinking Valley. The chief men were McGee,2 of Amberson's Valley, Capt. John Weston, and Lieut. Jacob Hare. McGee brought their men up the river into Sinking Valley. The place of rendezvous was on Brush- Mountain, near Union Furnace, where the men ar rived in small parties, generally traveling by night. Weston furnished provisions. After the company was organized, the force started to meet the expected Indian allies at Kittanning. Halting a short dis tance from the town, the captain seated his men, and he, with Lieut. Hare, entered the town with a flag, and were received in due form. Weston, who could speak the language of the tribes there located, ex plaining the object of the visit of the white brethren, said they had come to meet them as brothers in arms, and to lead them against their enemies on the Juni ata, until they were all destroyed. The savages were pleased with the prospect of so many white allies, but, exercising that caution which is so remarkably developed in their character to provide against pos sible treachery, they mounted a few of their warriors on horseback with cocked guns, and placing Weston and Hare in the advance, proceeded to meet the residue of the company and escort them into the town. Capt. McGee and the men who remained with him, instead of laying down their arms, as the Indian notion of military courtesy would require on such a mission, rose up with their guns in their hands and moved forward at a quick step. This movement alarmed the Indians, and supposing they were be trayed by spies, immediately shot Weston, raised the war-whoop, and fled to the town. This was a recep tion not looked for, and full of alarm, Hare and his comrades made haste to reach the Juniata. Meantime information of the expedition having been organized and its objects leaked out through 1 Maj. Caldwell was a son of Robert Caldwell, and his mother a daugh ter of Matthew Dean, who settled on a farm now in Porter township. His statement was prepared from information communicated by Marga ret Means, his aunt, Israel Cryder, his father-in-law, Richard, son of Robert Morrow, who assisted at the "cropping" of Jacob Hare, and other old citizens, and was committed to writing at various dates from 1841 to 1856. 2 Richard Weston called him McKee. 26 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. the wives of some of the participants, who were anxious to enlist the sympathies of some of their neighbors, and thereby save them from the general massacre which they expected would follow the re turn of their husbands and Indian allies. It was preconcerted that the Tory families and those in sympathy with them should display from their houses a certain flag or signal. The inhabitants of all houses not so designated were to be destroyed. A man named Pierce, who lived with Michael Cryder at his mill, two miles above the Standing Stone, accompanied the Kittanning party. On the night he left some one wrote on the door of the mill, "This mill belongs to Gen. Howe," and it was supposed that Pierce was the writer. After he left, his wife, uneasy about the safety of her friends, disclosed the secret of the expe dition to Mrs. Cryder, and insisted that she should hang out the Tory flag. In a similar manner the fact leaked out in Sinking Valley. This information, and the absence of many persons suspected of Toryism, satisfied the people of the truth of the story. Alarm was sounded from house to house, and from fort to fort, and after distributing a sufficient force to garri son the frontier defenses, a large body of scouts was sent out to traverse the country along the eastern base of the Allegheny Mountain, watch the gaps, and note the approach of the expected invaders. Soon they came, not as defiant leaders escorting the dreaded savages, but in detached parties of half-starved and broken -spirited men. Some escaped through the set tlements to the eastern counties, and being unknown, avoided punishment. Six were captured and taken to the Bedford jail, where they remained prisoners for some time, but were subsequently, through the inter cession of friends, pardoned. One party, consisting of four or five, suffering from hunger, went to the house of Matthew Dean, near Lowry's fort, in Canoe Valley, having one of the number tied with hickory withes, and said to Mrs. Dean (she and a servant-man only being at home), "We have been out after the damned Tories for sev eral days, being out of provisions, and are nearly starved. We have one of the rascals tied, and want to take him before a justice of the peace, but cannot go farther without something to eat." Mrs. Dean, •deceived by this statement, gave them all the bread she had, and set about baking cakes on a griddle, which the Tories devoured before they were half baked. They also gave a share of the food to the pretended prisoner, saying that "it would not do to let the poor devil starve, although he ought to be hung." After the cravings of hunger were satisfied, Mrs. Dean sent her servant with the party to point out the way to Esquire McCune's. After they got out of sight of the house the prisoner was released from his bonds, and they told the servant, Kelly, to return home. It is not known where this party went, but it is supposed they passed on to the eastern counties. It is not known what became of McGee. Jacob Hare fled to the lower counties. His property was confiscated and sold by the provincial government. Some time after his return from the Kittanning expe dition he stopped for the night at the house of Na thaniel Paul, in Path Valley, Franklin Co., about three miles from Concord. News soon spread that Hare was in the valley, and the next day a number of the neighbors collected, some out of curiosity, and others determined to avenge the murder of relatives or friends by the savages or their Tory allies. Among the number that had assembled were Richard and Thomas Morrow, William McMullen, William Kelly, Edward Kelly, Thomas Askey, James Lathers, Mat thew Ormsby, William Darlington, and a man named Shoemaker. Various methods of punishment were proposed. The severity of some of them indicated the bitter feeling that then prevailed against any one clearly in the Tory interest. More humane counsels prevailed, and it was decided that he should be " cropped." A case-knife was " hacked" along the blade to resemble a saw, and with this instrument Darlington executed the sentence by sawing off both of Hare's ears close to his head. He was then set at liberty, and left the Juniata Valley, never to return. He became a minister in the West, and lived some years thereafter in Ohio or Kentucky. Israel Cryder named Capt. John Weston, Jr., Richard Weston, Capt. McGee, of Path Valley, Peter Shaver, who lived at the mouth of Shaver's Creek, three men of the name of Potmesser (Bardmess), father and two sons, who lived at Huntingdon, James Bridges, who farmed the Michael Cryder land near that place, as some of the Kittanning party, which he thought numbered about thirty. He stated that Peter Dewitt and Thomas Vaughn were among the scouts who were watching along the foot of the Allegheny for the return of Weston's men. On the representation of Robert Galbraith and others, citizens of Bedford County, that there were in the jail of that county several persons charged | with treasonable practices and one said to have com mitted murder, and a list of the names having been laid before the Council August 18th, it was decided. that in view of the situation of the county and the danger there might be of the rescue of the traitors, a speedy trial of the offenders was highly necessary. Accordingly, John Armstrong, of Cumberland, Bar nard Dougherty and James Martin, of Bedford, Ar chibald McClean, of York, and John Hubly, of Lan caster County, were appointed, and on the 24th com missioned to " inquire, on the oath of good and lawful men of the said county of Bedford, of and concerning the said offenses, and to determine the same according to law." September 29th was the day named for the commission to meet, but it appears from letters of Mr. Dougherty dated April 6th, and one from Mr. McClean in September, 1779, that their duties had not been fully executed. The names of the persons tried or the result of the trials is not known. HIGHWAYS— INDIAN PATHS. 27 CHAPTER VIII. Highways— Indian Paths— Public Roads— The Kiver— Turnpike Roads —Canal— Railroads. Indian Trails.— When the Indian trader first pene trated the wilds of the valley of the Juniata, the only highways that traversed the area now embraced within the counties of Huntingdon and Blair, were the trails or paths used by the aborigines. They were mere " bridle-paths," only wide enough to admit the pas sage of a horse and its rider, and crossed the counties in various directions. The principal one crossed in a general northwesterly direction, and the earliest writ ten account of this is found in the journal of Conrad Weiser, sent by the colonial government in 1748 to treat with the Indians on the Ohio, as follows : " Aug*. 11th. — Set out from my house and came lo James Galbreath that day, 30 Miles. " 12th. — Came to George Croghan's, 15 Miles. "13th.— To Robert Dunning's, '20 Miles. "14th.— To Tuscarroro Path, 30 Miles. "15th and 16th. — Lay by on account of the Men coming back Sick, & Borne other affairs hindering us. " 17th.— Crossed the Tuscarroro Hill & came to the Sleeping Place called the Black Log,1 20 miles. " 18th.— Had a great rain in the afternoon ; came within two miles of the Standing Stone,2 24 miles. " 19th. — We travelled but 12 miles; were obliged to dry our Things in the afternoon. " 20th. — Came to Franks Town, but saw no Houses or Cabbins ; here we overtook the Goods, because four of George Croghan's Hands fell sick, 26 Miles.3 " Ulst. — Lay by, it raining all Day. " 22d.— Crossed Allegheny Hill & came to the Clear Fields, 16 miles." He continues to describe subsequent incidents of his journey to Logstown and other points, conferences with the Indians, and delivery of the presents to them, his turning homeward on the 19th of September.4 At the Black Log, another fork passed by the Three Springs, through Sideling Hill Gap, by Raystown, etc., to Logstown. Hugh Crawford5 and Andrew Montour, April 16, 1752, Indian traders, and doubt less familiar with every path in this region, reported to the provincial authorities 6 the distance from Phila delphia to " Twightwees,'' on a branch of Ohio, via George Croghan's, " Auchquick," Frankstown, Clear Fields, etc. John Harris, in his account of the road to Logstown, taken in 1754, gives the following in teresting data : "From my Ferry to Geo. Croghan's 5 Mil8. to the Kittitany Mouna 9 to Geo. Co wen's House 6 to Andrew Montour'* 5 to the Tuscaroraw Hill 9 to Thoa Mitchell's Sleeps Place 3 to Tuscaroraw 14 to the Cove Spring 7 10 1 At the gap east of Orbisonia. 2 Now Huntingdon. 8 Croghan's men were employed in transporting the goods sent by the Provincial Council to the Ohio, intended as presents to the Indians. 4 Colonial Records, v. 248. 6 Hugh Crawford subsequently became the owner of the '* Standing Stone" tract of land. e Pennsylvania Archives, ii. p. 133. 7 Trough Spring, in Tell township. to the Shadow of Death 8 8 to the Black Log 3 Now the Road forks towards Rny's Town & Frank's Town, we continue Ray's Town Road to Allegheney 3 to the 3 Springs0 10 to the sidling Hill Gap , 8 to Juniata Hill 8 to Juniata Creek at ye Crossing 8 to the Snake's Spring 8 to Rny's Town 10 4 to the Shawana Cabbins 8 to Allegheney Hill g to Edmoud's Swamp 8 to Stoney Creek11 6" Then follow other distances and points of note to Logstown, — " Now beginning at the black Log, Frank's Town Road. to Align wick12 6 Miles. to Jack Armstrong's Narrows,18 so called from his being there murdered 8 to the Standing Stone14 (abo1. 14 fl. high, 6 inch square) 10 (At each of these last places we cross Juniata.) to the next & last crossing at Juniata 8 0 to Water Street (branch of Juniata) 10 to the big Lick 10 to Frank (Stephen's) Town7fi 5 to the Beaver Damms 10 to Allegheney Hill 4 to the clear Fields 6 to John Hartts Sleeps place 12 to the head of Susquehannah 12 to the Shawana Cabbins 12 to P. Shaver's Sleeping place, at two large licks 12 to the 18 mile Run 12 to the 10 mile Lick 6 to Kiskemenette's Town on the Creek, runs into Allegheney Riv« 6 mil3 down (almost as large as Schuylkill) 10 to the Chartiere's Landing on Allegby 8 to the Kittanning Town up tho River. 18 to Venango, higher up AlleghJ 70 Down the River from Chartiere's Lands to Pine Creek 14 to the Logs Town 17 Logs Town lays due West from J. Harris's Ferry. " Note. — John Harris told me that he verily believed that Logs Town was distant from his House due West an hundred miles less than the within acco* mentions, the road he went having so many great Crooks." " Joseph Shippen, Jr." In December, 1753, Governor Hamilton sent James Patten to deliver a message to the chiefs of the Six Nations at Ohio, and among other instructions he was directed to take a particular account of the road from Carlisle. The concern of the provincial government was to ascertain if the Forks of the Ohio were within the limits of the province, the boundary lines of which had not been fully ascertained. Patten was to call at Mr. George Croghan's, at "Aucquick," and consult with him. After his return he and Andrew Montour constructed and presented to the Council, March 2, 1754, a map containing "a just Description of the Road, as well by Computation as by the Compass," which they believed " to be as near the Truth as it could be known without actual Mensuration." The following tables were taken from the map : The Computed Distance of the Road by the Indian Traders from Carlisle to Slianoppiri's Town. From Carlisle. Mi:es. From Carlisle to Major Montour's 10 From Montour's to Jacob Pyatt's 25 From Pyatt's to George Croghan's, at Aucquick Old Town... 15 8 Shade Gap, in Shade Mountain. 9 Near Saltillo, Huntingdon Co. H> Bedford. 11 A branch of Conemaugh. 12 Afterward known as Fort Shirley, where Shirleysburg now stands. 13 Gap in Jack's Mountain, above Mount Union. 14 Huntingdon. 15 Frankstown, Blair Co. 28 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. From Croghan's to the Three Springs 10 From the Three Springs to Sid-ling Hill 7 From .Sideling Hill to Contz's Harbour 8 From Gont/.'s Harbour to the top of Ray's Hill I From Ray's Hiil to the 1 crossing of Juniata 10 From the 1 crossing of Juniata to Allaguapy's Gap 6 From Allaguapy's Gap to Ray's Town 5 From Ray's Town to the Shawonese Cabbin S From Shawoni'se Cabbins to the Top of Allegheny Mountain 8 From Allegheny Mountain to Edmund's Swamp 8 From Edmund's Swamp to Cooamthony's Creek 6 From Conaniahony to Kackanapaulins 5 From .Kackanapaulins to Loyal Hannin 18 From Loyal Hannin to Shanoppin'B Town 50 The Courses of the Road from Carlisle to Shanoppin's Town by Compass. N. 20 W. 8 miles to Major Montour's. W.S.W. 20 miles to Jacob Pyatt's. N. 20 W. 8 miles to George Croghan's, or Aucquick old Town. N. 70 W. 7 miles to the threo Springs. S. 70 W. 5 miles to Aucquick Gap. S. 70 W. 5]4 miles to Contz's Harbour. ^ S. 80 W. 9 miles to Aliaquapy's Gap. West 3 miles to Ray's Gap. N. 45 W. the course up the Gap. N. 63 W. 5 miles to the Shawonese Cabbins. N. 60 W. 5 m» to the top of Allegheny Mount'. N. 75 W. 1% miles to Edmund's Swamp. N. 80 W. 4 miles to Conamahony Creek. N. 10 W. 3% mileB to Kackanapaulins House. N. 64 W. 12 miles to Loyal Hannin Old Town. N. 20 W. 10 miles to the Forks of the Road. West 10 miles to . N. 80 W. 15 miles to Shauoppin's Town. A Mr. West was at the same time examined by the Council, and he expressed his opinion that the courses and distances set down by Mr. Patten came as near to the truth as was possible without actual measurement. In the latter part of August, 1754, Conrad Weiser set out on ajourney from home to Aucquick, by order of the government, to have a conference with some Indians. In his journal he states that he left Andrew Montour's on the 2d of September. " Rode six hours before noon and three after — took up lodging in the woods. 3d. Sat out by six o'clock, and by eight came to the Trough Spring; by nine to the Shadow of Death; by eleven to the Black Log, and by twelve arrived at Aucquick." This principal road entered Huntingdon County in the vicinity of Blair's Mills, and passed up the Trough Spring branch of Tuscarora Creek, by the " Trough" or " Cove" spring, through Shade Gap, northward along Black Log valley to the " Black Log," in or near the gap east of Orbisonia ; through Shirleysburg (Aughwick Old Town, or Fort Shirley) ; crossed to the northern side of the Juniata above Mount Union ; crossing Juniata again to the south side at the lower end of Cypress Island, in the borough of Huntingdon ; over the Warrior's ridge and crossing to the north side of the river near Hart's Log (Alexandria) ; thence via Water Street and Canoe valley to Frankstown and Hollidaysburg ; and thence over the Allegheny. The southern branch, leaving the main road at Black Log, passed the Three Springs near the borough of that name, and leaving Huntingdon County at Side ling Hill Gap, touched Everett and Bedford, crossing the Allegheny a number of miles southwest of the main or Kittanning trail. There were a number of other paths of minor im portance. One extended from Frankstown to the Bald Eagle's Nest, near Milesburg, Centre Co. A branch ran from this through Warrior's Mark, Frank lin, and Morris to the main road at Water Street, and will be noted in the description of those town ships. Another from Raystown to Frankstown, one from Standing Stone to Raystown, one from the mouth of Raystown Branch to Raystown, one from Standing Stone to the Bald Eagle's Nest, etc. First Public Roads. — At the January sessions, 1772, of the Bedford court, on the petition of Samuel Anderson 1 and others, inhabitants of the township of " Barree," setting forth the necessity of a road lead ing from the Standing Stone or Hart's Log by Boquet's Spring (at McConnellstown) and up Woodcock Valley to the crossings of Yellow Creek, and from thence to join the great road near Bloody Run, now Everett, James Little,2 William Shirley,3 Robert Friggs,' Hugh Guttery, Richard Long,5 and Samuel Anderson were appointed viewers. A report not being made by these viewers, on the 14th of July following, a peti tion of inhabitants of " Barree and Coleraine" town ships, representing that a road between the points above mentioned would be of great use to the public, the court named Richard Long, Hugh Guthrey, Samuel Thompson,4 James Little, Samuel Anderson, and Walter Clark5 to view the road and make report of their proceedings to the next court. This appoint ment did not secure a report, and at October sessions the persistent inhabitants of Barree township were heard by the court in another petition, when John Piper,6 Esquire, Richard Long, Michael Cryder,' Samuel Anderson, James Little, and William Shirley were appointed viewers. A favorable result was not yet secured, and at April sessions, 1774, urged by another petition of inhabitants of the township named, John Piper, Esquire, Richard Long, James Little, John Mitchell,8 Samuel Anderson, and Michael Cryder were appointed to view. These viewers laid out a road and made return to July sessions of the same year. One branch of the road began at a " hickory standing on the north side of the Franks- town Branch of Juniata River, about a quarter of a mile below the mouth of Standing Stone Creek, at the end of Standing Stone Mountain, supposed to be at or near the line which divides the county of Bedford from Cumberland ; and running from thence north thirty-four degrees west eighty-six perches to Standing Stone Creek ; and thence up said creek north fifteen degrees east nineteen perches ; and thence north sixty-four degrees west across the said 1 Resided near Petersburg, in Logan township, Huntingdon Co. 2 Resided in Shaver's Creek Valley. 3 Resided on land adjoining the borough of Cassville. 4 Resided on Raystown Branch. 6 Resided on Broad Top Mountain. 6 Resided in Bedford County. ' ' Resided at his mill on the Juniata, two miles above Huntingdon. 8 Resided on the Henry G. Neff farm, in Porter township. PUBLIC ROADS. 29 creek and along the principal street, called Alleghany Street, in the town of Huntingdon ninety-two perches to the centre of the said town, and thence the same course continued and along the same street, in all two hundred and seventy-two perches, to the point of the island above the Standing Stone; thence south fifty-eight degrees west fourteen across the river Juniata," etc. Then follow the courses and distances to a point about one hundred perches southwest of Boquet's Spring, where the other branch of the road was intersected, which began at the lower end of Water Street Narrows, on the northeastern side of the Frankstown Branch of Juniata River, and ran along the same about a mile and a half, then crossed said river, and passing near the house of Charles Caldwell, in Hart's Log Valley, and the house of Henry Lloyd in Woodcock Valley. The route from the intersection of the two branches was through Woodcock Valley, passing near the houses of James Piper and John Piper, to the " great road about fifteen perches above Bloody Run." Computing the measurements of the several lines we find the distances, according to the return of this road survey, from the intersection of Allegheny and Third Streets, in the borough of Hunt ingdon, to be as follows : To Boquet's Spring at McConnellstown,1 four miles and two hundred and ninety-five perches; to the crossing of Yellow Creek, thirty miles and two hundred and ten perches ; and to Bloody Run, now Everett, thirty-eight miles and two hundred and thirty-six perches; all somewhat short of the actual distances. This route was ordered to be opened to the breadth of thirty-three feet, and confirmed as a public road. On the 12th day of July, 1773, on a petition of a number of the inhabitants of the county, Benjamin Elliot, John Ramsey, John Walker, Gaven Cluggage, Lawrence Swop, and James Carmichael were ap pointed to view and lay out a road from the mouth of Aughwick Creek to the great road leading from Bed ford to Baltimore. As no report was made by these viewers at April sessions, 1774, on petition, another board of viewers, consisting of James Galbraith, Samuel Thompson, Gaven Cluggage, Giles Stevens, Charles Boyle, and Samuel Daniel, was appointed to lay out a bridle-road. The report of these viewers was presented to the court at July sessions, 1774, and the road ordered to be opened thirty-three feet wide. The line began at Silver's Ford, on the Juniata River, about a mile above the mouth of Aughwick Creek, crossed the creek north of Fort Shirley, passed Robert Cluggage's mill, and intersected the wagon-road at Charles Magill's at the Burnt Cabins. Distance, ac cording to the return, twenty-one miles and fifty-four perches. At the October sessions, Bartholomew Davis peti- ' This spring is on the southern side of the road or street in McCon nellstown, in the rear of the houses and below the tannery. It received its name from the fact that Col. Henry Boquet had owned the adjacent land. tioned for a road from his mill " to James Galbraith's, & from thence to Patrick Kahan, on the great road leading from Silver's Ford to the Burnt Cabins." James Galbraith, John Donough, John Ramsey, Robert Ramsey, James Cluggage, and Samuel Thomp son were appointed viewers. At April sessions, 1776, on the petition of inhabi tants of Barree township, setting forth " that they labor under many disadvantages for want of roads to the Juniata, Frankstown Branch,2 and to Bedford, to Huntingdon meeting and market, unto the saw- and grist-mill8 on the aforesaid branch, and praying the court to appoint men to view, and if they see cause to lay out one road beginning at William McLevy's, on Standing Stone Creek, near to the Big Gap that leads into Kishacoquillas Valley ; thence down Sha ver's Creek to the mouth thereof into Frankstown Branch ; thence down the aforesaid branch to the upper end of Dr. William Smith's island ;4 thence crossing Juniata the nearest and best way unto the public road to Bedford, etc. The other road begin ning at the upper end of the aforesaid island where the first-mentioned road ends, on the northeast side of said branch, and from thence down said branch until it joins the aforesaid public road. William McLevy,5 Alexander McCormick,6 James Williams, Abraham Haines,7 Robert Smith, and Nathaniel Jarrard8 were appointed viewers. The Revolutionary troubles followed so soon after these proceedings, that road-making was suspended during that contest and for some years afterwards, and the inhabitants were constrained to content them selves with the few roads, paths, or trails already opened. Beside the roads already mentioned, there was one that led from the Raystown Branch through Tatman's Gap and Plank Cabin Valley to Fort Little ton ; one from Garard's mill, below McConnellstown, to the Raystown Branch. These were in use in 1787. A road that branched from the Hart's Log road west of the pulpit rocks, and led to the settlements on the river above Petersburg, was known in 1788 as Graffius' road, and one in Plank Cabin Valley was called, as early as 1766, " Thomson's road." A public road from Huntingdon to Three Springs, via Cassville, was laid out about 1790 ; from McCormick's mill to Hunting don, surveyed in November of the same year ; from Minteer's Gap to the Warm Springs, May, 1791 ; and that from the Three Springs, through Hare's Valley, to the Juniata occupies in part the route of an ancient path. The State Road over the Allegheny mountain. 2 In the olden time the river flowing past Huntingdon was called the -Frankstown Branch down to its junction with the Raystown Branch. 3 Cryder's Mills. * CypresB Island. 6 Gen. William McAlevy. c Resided on Shaver's Creek, West township. 7 Resided in Huntingdon. B Owned and resided at the lower mill, McConnellstown. 30 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. —The General Assembly, March 29, 1787, authorized the president to appoint three commissioners to lay out a State highway from the Frankstowii Branch of the river Juniata to the river Conemaugh, from or near points at which these streams become navigable. On the 6th of April, Charles Campbell, of Westmoreland, James Harris, surveyor, of Cumberland, and Solomon Adams, of Bedford, were named as commissioners. Their return was confirmed December 18th, and the road ordered to be opened to the width of fifty feet. It began at "a button wood-tree on William Holli- day's land, on the bank of the Frankstown Branch of Juniata." The distances to principal points along the line were : To the top of the "Allegany" Moun tain, nine miles ; to a branch of Conemaugh, seven miles; to the top of Laurel Hill, ten miles; to the Round Top, thirteen and a half miles ; to the mouth of Black Lick Creek, four miles ; to the mouth of Loy alhanna, eight and three-quarters miles, — making the whole distance fifty-two and one-quarter miles. Ad vertisements were ordered to be inserted in the Phila delphia, Carlisle, and Pittsburgh newspapers inviting proposals for the construction of the road. Sept. 25, 1788, the proposal of Robert Galbraith, Esq., to clear and make good the road between the points named, to the breadth of fifteen feet, except in places where digging or bridging is necessary, and there but twelve feet, with convenient passing-places, to be completed by the 1st day of January following, for the sum of three hundred and ninety-three pounds in specie, was accepted by the Council. Hugh Davidson and Andrew Henderson were received as sureties for the completion of the work. One-half of the con tract price was paid in hand, and the balance was to be paid on the completion of the work. Galbraith, in a communication to the Council, dated Jan. 4, 1790, claims to have completed the road according to contract, and that by actual measurement it was found to be fifty-four miles, eleven miles longer than he was led to suppose it to be at the time he undertook the contract. He also produced certificates from James Karr, Daniel Titus, Michael McGuire, and Joseph McCartney, to the effect that the road was sufficiently opened, digged, and bridged, so that wagons and horses could pass and repass. McGuire stated that he drove " his wagon with upwards of twenty hundred over the Allegheny Mountain with ease." Notwithstanding these statements, it was al leged by some persons that Galbraith had not fully complied with his contract, and after an examination of the road and further consideration by the Council, an order for one hundred pounds was granted him, and the Council expressed the opinion that he should " be directed to complete the opening of the said road from Conemaugh to Loyalhanna, and such part of the said road as is already opened to be completed for the easy'passage of carriages." How Galbraith and the State government finally settled their disagree ments is not important to the reader. The road was accepted by the public, and it continued, until the construction of the turnpike, to be the chief highway between the valley of the Juniata and the waters of the Ohio. The Larger Streams declared Public High ways. — Before roads were constructed in this re gion at public expense, the larger streams were util ized as highways, and it became necessary to dedicate them to public use. The Assembly on the 9th of March, 1771, passed an act declaring a number of the rivers and. creeks "public streams and highways for the purposes of navigation up and down the same; and that all obstructions and impediments to the pas sage of his Majesty's liege subjects up and down the same, erected or hereafter to be erected, shall be deemed, held, and adjudged common nuisances." The Juniata, with the branches as far up as Bedford and Frankstown, was embraced within the provisions of this act. Commissioners were named and authorized to " scour, enlarge, straighten and deepen" the streams mentioned in the act, and penalties prescribed for the erection or maintenance of any dam or other obstruc tion.1 By act of Feb. 5, 1794, the Little Juniata from its mouth up to the head of Logan's Narrows, and Standing Stone Creek from its mouth up to the mouth of Laurel Run, were declared public highways for the passage of boats and rafts. Feb. 25, 1795, Benjamin Elliott was authorized to erect a wing-dam on the northeast side of the river. March 23, 1796, Thomas Whittaker was empowered to make " good and conve nient landings on both sides of the river Juniata, op posite the end of Montgomery (now Fourth) Street, in the town of Huntingdon, where he at present keeps a ferry, and shall at all times hereafter maintain the same in good order and repair, fit for men, horses, and carriages to pass and repass."2 Robert Dean and Joseph Smith obtained legislative authority, March 9, 1797, for erecting a wing-dam. John Canan was authorized by act, approved Feb. 19, 1799, to erect a toll-bridge over the " Frankstown Branch of Juniata River, nearly opposite the said John Canan's mills, where the great road from Huntingdon to the western part of the country and to Pittsburgh crosses the said branch." This crossing was near Hatfield's Juniata Iron- Works, in Porter township. Charles Smith was authorized by act of Feb. 7, 1803, to erect a wing-dam in the Juniata. He then owned the Huntingdon Mills. Shaver's Creek, from its mouth up to the line of James and John Crawford's land, was declared a public highway by act of Feb. 19, 1800; Tuscarora Creek, from its mouth up to the forks near Morrow's mill, by act of April 4, 1805 ; and the Little Juniata, from Logan's Narrows to Bell's mills, then Allegheny 1 The Frankstown Branch of the Juniata, throughout its whole naviga ble course, was made a public highway March 23, 1787. 2 TliomaB Whittaker resided on the southwest corner of Fourth and Allegheny Streets, where the Union Passenger Station now stands. Hi« grandson, Capt. John Whittaker, conducted the "Sorrel Horse Hotel" on that corner for many years, commencing in 1817. TURNPIKE ROADS. 31 township, by act of March 26, 1808. The Aughwick Creek became a highway April 1, 1822, and several -other acts relative to smaller streams were passed in subsequent years. The importance of the streams as public highways attracted the attention of the Legislature to such an extent as to secure the passage, April 13, 1791, of an act authorizing the improvement of the larger rivers and creeks of the State. It included the Juniata from its mouth to Water Street, and thence to Franks- town, and £2320 was appropriated. The same act made liberal appropriations for the laying out of new and improvement of old roads. For the road through Canoe Narrows and from Daniel Titus' to Poplar Run £300 was set apart ; for the road from Poplar Run to Conemaugh, £360 ; for a road to be laid out from Frankstown to Pittsburgh, £300 ; for a road through Jack's and Igow's Narrows, £120. The next year1 the Legislature made some changes in the applica tion of the moneys appropriated for the road over the Allegheny Mountain, and directed that £530 shall be given towards improving and opening a road from Frankstown to Conemaugh at or near the mouth of Stony Creek. Six hundred pounds was appropriated towards improving the navigation of the Raystown Branch of the Juniata from its mouth to a point above Bedford. In 1792,2 $400 was appropriated for improving the road between Lewistown and Huntingdon, and $500 added to former grants to the road from Frankstown to Pittsburgh. The Legislature, April 7, 1807, appropriated eight hundred dollars for the purpose of laying out and opening a road to begin at Logan's Narrows and extend via mouth of Anderson's Creek, in Clearfield County, to the State road leading to Erie. The numerous mountain gorges along the course of the Juniata presented so many difficulties in the way of constructing a passable artificial road, that little could be done with the amount of money from time to time collected by taxation, or appropriated from the public treasury towards that end, and after the upper part of the valley had reached that state of improvement as to have a surplus of the products of agriculture or manufactures, resort was had to the river for reaching the eastern markets. The ark and the keel-boat were introduced. The first was constructed of hewn and sawed lumber, fastened together with wooden pins, built to carry freight down the river, and after the discharge of the cargo sold. It was taken apart, and the plank and timber used for building. The keel-boat was constructed somewhat like the hull of the present canal-boat, and after unloading its downward freight, brought back such commodities as the merchants and others pur chased in the East. It was " pushed" up stream by men working with poles, a slow and slavish process. With the removal of some obstructions, the naviga- i Act of April 10, 1792. 2 Act of April 11, 1793. tion of the Juniata to its mouth and the Susque hanna to Harrisburg became to experienced rivermen comparatively easy and safe, but the terror of the boatmen was " Conewago Falls." It was reserved for some brave spirits of the upper Juniata to successfully grapple with the perils of these falls. In Appendix III. to the "American Museum," Part I., from Janu ary to July, 1792, published by M. Carey, Philadel phia, on page 32, the following account is given : " A Baltimore paper mentions that Mr. Kryder had ar rived there from Standing Stone, on Juniata, with one hundred and four barrels of flour, having per formed the voyage in five days. His flour passed for superfine, and was sold immediately at the highest price for cash ; the merchants presented Mr. Kryder with one hundred and four dollars as premium for the risk he ran, with his two sons, in attempting the navigation of the Susquehannah, heretofore thought to be impracticable for boats of burden." This flour was doubtless the product of Cryder's own mill, which stood on the south side of the Juniata, be tween the head of Cypress Island and the Hunting don Dam. For a further description of the mill and the Cryder family, see Porter township. Turnpikes. — The river could only be relied upon for the floating of arks and keel-boats when the water was at a certain stage. During the frosts of winter and the droughts of summer, navigation was sus pended, and some other more certain means of com munication between the upper Juniata region and the seaboard became, with increasing population and the growing wants of the people, necessary to be sup plied. Other sections of the State, imitating the ex ample of the older countries, had tested the merits of turnpikes, and soon the project of the construction of a macadamized road from Harrisburg to Pittsburgh was agitated. This scheme took shape in the passage of an act Feb. 24, 1806, appointing commissioners to open books and receive subscriptions of stock to the " Harrisburg and Pittsburgh Turnpike Road," to be constructed through Bedford. .The act prescribed the conditions requisite to the issue of letters of incorpo ration, as well as the rights and privileges to be en joyed by the company. On the 4th of March, 1807, the Legislature appointed commissioners to take stock " for the purpose of making an artificial or turnpike road from Harrisburg through Lewistown and Huntingdon to Pittsburgh," and when a sufficient number of shares had been subscribed the Governor was authorized to issue letters patent creating the subscribers a corporation, to be styled " The president, managers, and company of the Harrisburg, Lewis- town, Huntingdon and Pittsburgh turnpike road." This company was to have all the powers and privi leges granted to the Harrisburg and Pittsburgh Com pany by the act of Feb. 24, 1806. Among the com missioners named were Andrew Henderson, Patrick Gwin, William Steel, John Canan, William Moore, Thomas Province, and Lazarus Lowry, of Huntingdon 32 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. County. The efforts made by the commissioners were not rewarded with success, and on the 20th of March, 1810, a supplement was passed authorizing the incor poration of the " Huntingdon, Cambria and Indiana turnpike road," to enjoy all the privileges conferred in the original act. A meeting of the citizens of the county favorable to the contemplated improvement was held at the court-house in Huntingdon, Wed nesday evening, Jan. 12, 1814, at which Col. John Canan presided, and William R. Smith acted as sec retary. It was resolved to memorialize the Legisla ture that a proportional part of the sum already ap propriated by that body towards making the road from Alexandria to the crossings of the Conemaugh, be appropriated towards making that portion of the road from the east side of the Allegheny to the west side of the Laurel Hill. The route recommended was to commence at John Blair's, on the east side of the Allegheny, thence by the nearest and best way through Munster and Ebensburg to Martin Reager's section of the road lying between the west end of Front Street, in Alexandria, to the lane that led from David Stewart's house to the big road, was ad vertised to be let on the 25th of February follow* ing. From a report of the affairs of the company, made in May, it appeared that its funds were as fol lows : Amount appropriated by the State by act of March 24, 1812, for that part of the road between Alexandria and Cone maugh, embracing the section extending over the Alle gheny Mountain 8100,000.00 Proportional amount appropriated by the same act for the construction of a turnpike road from Alexandria to Mil- lerstown 6,857.14 Appropriated by act of March 24, 1817, for that part from John Blair's to Martin Rigart's..; 30,000.00 Amount of stock subscribed 51,650.00 $188,507.14 The contracts for the construction of the road amounted to $190,155.80, and the tolls received up to the preceding March aggregated $5000. At the election of January, 1820, John Blair was again elected president, and J. George Mytinger ilK! rfa&>. ~; ¦''¦¦¦¦ -'". HUNTINGDON, CAMBRIA AND INDIANA TURNPIKE SHINPLASTER. tavern, on the west side of Laurel Hill. David Stewart, Benjamin Patton, John Blair, Patrick Gwin, Samuel Steel, and others, commissioners, published a notice April 4, 1814, of the opening of subscription books for this company at Huntingdon, Lewistown, Belle- fonte, Ebensburg, and other points, in the months of May and June following. Accordingly, on Monday, May 9th, books were opened in Huntingdon, at the taverns of Patrick Gwin and Samuel Steel, and during the week a number of citizens of the county sub scribed liberally. A sufficient amount of stock hav ing been taken by the 15th of February, 1815, letters of incorporation were issued, and an organization effected by the election of officers. At the annual election, Monday, Jan. 4, 1819, John Blair was re elected president, Lewis Mytinger chosen treasurer, and David Stewart secretary. The making of that chosen treasurer. In 1821 these gentlemen were re elected. The friends of the improvement persevered, and ultimately succeeded in opening the entire line of road from Huntingdon to Blairsville, a distance of seventy-seven miles. A considerable length of the line passed through a rugged and sparsely-settled region, unable to contribute any substantial aid, many of the subscribers were tardy in paying installments on their subscriptions, and the managers felt compelled to resort to the issue of "scrip" to meet accruing debts for work performed. The above is a facsimile of one of the " shinplasters" put out by the com pany. At the elections of 1824, 1825, and 1826, John Blair was continued as president, and J. George Mytinger, treasurer. For the last-named year the board of man agers consisted of John Patton, Joseph Patton, John CANAL— RAILROADS. 33 Stewart, Maxwell Kinkead, Thomas Jackson, John Cresswell, John Lyon, William R. Smith, Silas Moore, Moses Canan, George Mulhollan, Jr., and James Elliott. The Lewistown and Huntingdon Turnpike Road Company was organized and incorporated under the act of March 4, 1807, and constructed the road between those two boroughs. The Legislature, in an act passed March 26, 1821, making appropria tions for the improvement of the roads and streams of the State, authorized the Governor to subscribe for three hundred and forty shares of the stock of this company. On the first Monday of January, 1824, the follow ing officers were chosen : President, E. W. Hale ; Treasurer, David Lusk ; Managers, A. Bratton, James Creswell, B. Walters, Ruel Elton, M. Norton, T. I. Postlethwaite, John Mavey, Jr., George Macklin, A. Jacobs, Elijah Davis, Jacob Miller, and David R. Porter. Numerous other companies were from time to time authorized to be incorporated for the purpose of con structing transverse roads. The principal ones were: Turnpikes. — Bedford and Frankstown, April 6, 1830 ; Brown's Mills and Alexandria, April 14, 1834; Dun- cansville, Newry and Leamersville, April 21, 1858 ; Glen Hope and Little Bald Eagle, March 20, 1849 ; Hart's Log Valley, April 4, 1863 ; Hollidaysburg aud Bedford, April 10, 1835; Huntingdon and Cassville, Feb. 15, 1860; Huntingdon and Clearfield, April 2, 1838; Huntingdon and McAlevy's Fort, Feb. 19, 1850, April 20, 1854, and March 21, 1860 ; Huntingdon and Phillipsburg, March 31, 1825; Lewistown and Stone Valley, Feb. 12, 1856 ; Loudon and Drake's Ferry, April 10, 1826 ; Morrison's Cove, April 11 , 1848 ; Mor rison's Cove and Woodcock Valley, May 8, 1854; Mount Union, Shirleysburg and Orbisonia, April 5, 1862 ; Old Fort and Spruce Creek, April 23, 1844 ; Petersburg and Shaver's Creek, April 20, 1850; Peters burg and Reedsville, April 4, 1864 ; Shade Gap and Burnt Cabins, April 20, 1853 ; Shade Gap and Mount Union, April 11, 1853; Spruce Creek and Phillips burg, March 24, 1849; Spruce Creek, April 8, 1826; Spruce Creek and Water Street, April 13, 1846 ; Ty rone and Spruce Creek, April 4, 1868 ; Water Street aud Clearfield, April 2, 1838. Plank-Roads. — Altoona and Clearfield, April 11, 1853; Barree Station and Alexandria, Feb. 27, 1854; Bell's Mills and Fallen Timber, May 6, 1857 ; Free dom and Sarah Furnace, April 15, 1853 ; Hollidays burg and Altoona, April 5, 1852; Hollidaysburg and Bedford, April 26, 1850 ; Shade Gap, Shirleysburg and Juniata, April 13, 1854; Tuckahoe and Mount Pleasant, Feb. 20, 1852. Some of these were constructed, a few are yet main tained, but the larger proportion remain in their primitive condition. The Canal and. the Portage Railroad.— The mid dle turnpike, as the several sections extending from Harrisburg to Pittsburgh were called, had not been fully completed before the construction of a line of railroad and canal, from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh, was agitated. In the Huntingdon Gazette of Jan. 27, 1825, the following editorial paragraph appears : "Turnpike roads had their day, and now we are all agog in this and many other parts of the country on the subject of eanaling. In Philadelphia a soci ety (at the head of which we find the name of Matthew Carey) has been formed to promote internal improve ments. This society has set to work in good earnest to convince the public by written essays of the ne cessity and advantage of having a canal to unite the Eastern and Western waters on the Juniata route ; but whether their laudable views will be seconded by the Legislature is very questionable.'' A convention of delegates, representing nearly all of the counties of the commonwealth, was held in Harrisburg, Aug. 4, 1825, for the purpose of discus sing the subject of public improvements. John Blair (Blair's Gap) and John Scott, of Alexandria, were chosen to represent Huntingdon County in this as semblage. After full discussion, the convention gave a decided expression of opinion that the opening of an entire and complete communication from the Sus quehanna to the Allegheny and Ohio, and from the Allegheny to Lake Erie, is indispensably necessary to maintain the character and standing of the State, and to preserve her strength and resources. By act of Feb. 25, 1826, the commencement of " The Pennsylvania Canal" was authorized, and the location of a section from the mouth of the Swatara to the mouth of the Juniata, and another section from Pittsburgh to the mouth of the Kiskiminitas, directed to be made im mediately and put under contract. The next year, April 9th, the Legislature directed the work to be extended up the valley of the Juniata to a point at or near Lewistown, and up the valleys of the Kiski minitas and Conemaugh to a point at or near Blairs- ville. March 24, 1828, the commissioners were in structed to make an extension from Lewistown to the highest point expedient and practicable for a canal on the Juniata, and from Blairsville to the highest point expedient and practicable ' for a canal on the Conemaugh, and to locate by the most eligible route a railroad across the Allegheny Mountain, with a "View of connecting the Juniata and Conemaugh sections of the canal. At the letting at Lewistown, October 15th, contracts for the line in Huntingdon County were awarded as follows (canal in half-mile sections) : 160, Cromwell, Diven & Barton. 161, same. 162, Thomas. and James Moore. 163, same. 164, Bull & Buck. 165, Bargy & Bil linger. 166, James K. Morehead. 167, Drum, Arnold & Clark. 34 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 168, same. 169, Robert Smith. 170, John Elder. 172, D. McGillicuddy. 173, Breslin & Monaghan. 174, McManus & Behan. 175. 176.177.178, Cahoon, McFarland & Co. 179, same. 180, Smith, Mulbolland & Co. 181, same. 182, Leach, Tracy & Co. 183, Wellman & Brown. 184, same. On November 19th the following contracts were awarded : Raystown Branch feeder, Uriah Wickwire. Raystown Branch dam, Dearmond, Rodearmel & Co. Aughwick Falls dam, Leslie, Cook & Derno. Shaver's aqueduct, Jonathan Leslie. Jackstown aqueduct, Bishop & McCoy. Mill Creek aqueduct, Corker & Divit. Standing Stone Creek aqueduct, Beaumont, Leach & Tracey. On the organization of the board of canal com missioners for 1829, James Clarke, of Westmoreland, was appointed acting commissioner for the Juniata division, and De Witt Clinton principal engineer for the same. In the following November the water was let into the canal between Lewistown and Mifflin, and the packet-boat " Juniata'' commenced running between those towns. To the two dams, one at the head of the Long Narrows and the other at North's Island, were attached locks, each ninety feet long and seventeen feet wide within the chambers, for the passage of arks and other crafts floated down the river. Pursuant to the act of April 6, 1830, the number of canal commissioners after the first Mon day of June following was to be limited to three, to be appointed by the Governor. James S. Stevenson, of Allegheny, James Clarke, of Westmoreland, and John Mitchell, of Centre, were the new appointees. On the 7th of June the new board was organized by electing Mr. Stevenson president, and Francis R. Shunk secretary. The appointments made for the Juniata division were James Taggart, superinten dent; James Ferguson, principal engineer; William B. Mitchell, supervisor. James Criswell succeeded the latter a few months afterwards. On Tuesday, the 2d of November, the water was let into the level at Huntingdon to test the banks. The Advocate of November 9th, after describing the filling of the level, says — " On Thursday and Friday (4th and 5th) our citi zens displayed the utmost hilarity on the occasion. A vessel was fitted up, which plied from basin to basin, bearing different parties of pleasure, accom panied with enlivening strains of music. Our ears were astounded with the perpetual rattling of fire arms. A splendid ball was given at the house of Mr. Jackson, several houses were illuminated, and scarcely anything occurred to alloy the general happiness which was felt by every friend to internal improve ment. In a few days the water will be let into the other levels to test their tightness also. The comple tion of the aqueducts at Jack's Narrows and Shaver's Ford is all that is now wanting to have the Pennsyl vania Canal in complete operation from Middletown to this place." In the spring of 1831 the commissioners appointed James Taggart, superintendent; Edward F. Gay, principal engineer; and James K. Moorhead, super visor from Newton Hamilton to Huntingdon. On Wednesday, May 18th, a boat built on Standing Stone Creek for Messrs. Hill & Mayland, of Hunt ingdon, was floated down that stream to its mouth, thence down the Juniata to the Raystown Branch feeder, through which it entered the canal and was towed up to the town. The Advocate of Friday, May 27th, contains the following announcement: " Port op Huntingdon. " Canal Arrivals. "Thursday, 26. — 1st. Boat 'Emily,' Capt. Bechtel, from Bonsai & Rouvt, Vino Street wharf, Philadelphia. Merchandise for William Walker, Petersburg, five and a half tons having been unloaded, most part at Newton Hamilton and Bell's Mill. "2d. Boat ' Rebecca,' Capt. Walters. Merchandise for Caldwell & Clarke, of Williamsburg; Judge Adams, Petersburg; Galbraiths, Kit tanning; Houston, do. Cargo, fifteen tons. "3d. ' Waynesburg,' trader, Capt. Vancourt, in less than four days from Middletown. Fifteen tons merchandise, fish and plaster, for Dull & McCoy, Water Street. " 4th. Boat ' Lady Lightfoot,' Capt. Dull, in less than four days from Middletown ; cargo, twenty tons. Merchandise, fish and plaster, for Dull & McCoy. " 5th. Boat ' Margaret,' Capt. McCoy, sixteen tons. Merchandise, fish and plaster, for Messrs. Orbison & Snyder, Frankstown ; Caldwell & Clark, Williamsburg ; Bucher & Porter, Alexandria ; Mr. McCahan, Hunting don. " The arrival of five boats on the canal yesterday was a sight pleasing to our citizens. The hum of business arising from wagons loading and boats unloading gave our wharves truly the appearance of a port of entry. Five or six boats are also expected here to-night or to-morrow, and though some trifling breaches may occur in the canal which will require a few hours to repair, yet we expect a complete navigation to be carried on hereafter between this place and Philadelphia." On the 1st day of June, a letting of the work be tween Huntingdon and Hollidaysburg was made at Williamsburg. Between two and three thousand persons were in attendance, and the bids handed in numbered over four thousand. The plans embraced fourteen dams, forty-three locks, seven guard-locks, and seventy-three sections. The Portage road, di vided into thirty-five sections, was allotted to con tractors at Ebensburg on the 25th of May. " On last Saturday hundreds of our citizens wit nessed the launching of the ' James Clarke,' a new and very handsome canal-boat, into the basin at the west end of the borough, owned by Messrs. Williams & Miller. When safely launched into the basin, CANAL— RAILROADS. 35 she was greeted by the hearty acclamations of those who witnessed the pleasing and interesting sight. What! a canal-bo&t launched in the vicinity of Hunt ingdon? Had any one predicted an event of this kind some years back, he in all probability would have been yclept a wizard or set down as beside him self. When the mail stage commenced running once a week from Philadelphia to this place our older citizens considered it a marvelous affair. What will they say now?"1 On the 16th the "James Clarke," having been pre pared for an excursion, left its wharf at Huntingdon about ten o'clock a.m., with about eighty ladies and gentlemen and the Huntingdon Band on board, and proceeded to Clintonville, a shipping-point at the upper end of Mount Union, and returned in the even ing. The Gazette says, " Among those on board we observed James Clarke, Esq., and lady. The canal banks at every lock and bridge were crowded with anxious spectators, who evinced their delight at the approach of the boat by hearty cheers and huzzas. The re-echo of the soul-stirring drum, shrill fife, melodious flute, etc., added double zest to the occa sion. The sublime and romantic scenery, particu larly at Drake's Ferry, is not excelled in any part of Pennsylvania. The imagination cannot paint any thing so beautifully striking. Old nature sits there in fearful grandeur unmolested by the hand of time or art of man." On the 29th of July, at Hollidaysburg, a letting of some sections, culverts, and viaducts on the Portage Railroad was made, and on the 5th of August, at the same place, contracts were awarded for canal work between Huntingdon and that point. About the 1st of December navigation was closed by the severity of the weather. The novelty of canal-boating up the Juniata, was so great as to invoke the enterprise of the newspapers of this region to such an extent as to publish weekly lists of the arrival and departure of the crafts navigating the canal. The boating season of 1832 began early in March. On Monday, May 28th, a packet-boat called "Dr. William Lehman, of Philadelphia," named in honor of one of the early advocates of internal improve ments, was placed in the canal at Huntingdon. This boat was built on Standing Stone Creek, about seven miles above the borough, and was numbered thirteen of David Leech's line. It had a' cabin at the bow for ladies and one at the rear for gentlemen. In the in termediate space from twenty to thirty tons of freight could be carried. The line east of the Allegheny Mountains had a sufficient number of boats to run one each alternate day from Huntingdon eastward. The " William Lehman," loaded with freight and passen gers, departed on the 29th for Harrisburg, the pas sengers congratulating themselves that this improved method of travel was a wonderful advance in the 1 Gazette, Wednesday, June 16, 1831. matter of personal comfort over the jolting stage coach. The Frankstown line, the designation applied to the canal between Huntingdon and Hollidaysburg, was pushed with great energy, and in a little over a year was completed and placed in navigable order. On the 15th of November, at a meeting of the citi zens of the county held at the Washington Hotel, in the borough of Huntingdon, for the purpose of adopt ing measures expressive of their gratification at the completion of the Juniata division of the canal, Wil liam Orbison presided, and Robert Williams acted as secretary. Resolutions were adopted declaring the importance of the public improvements, proposing a public celebration, and authorizing the appointment of a committee of arrangements to perfect a plan for the celebration and invite th'e State officials and others to participate. The committee consisted of John Henderson, M.D., Matthew McConnell, David R. Porter, James McCahan, William Dorris, Walter Clarke, and Robert Wallace, with the following as sistant committees: Petersburg, Joseph Adams, Wil liam Walker ; Alexandria, John Cresswell, John Porter; Williamsburg, Thomas Jackson, Adolphus Patterson; Frankstown, Henry B. Smith, Martin Denlinger ; Hollidaysburg, Christian Garber, Samuel Smith, Christian Denlinger ; Blair's Gap, John Walker. At ten o'clock a.m. on Tuesday, November 28th, in accordance with the adopted programme, the packet-boat "John Blair" left Huntingdon for Hol lidaysburg, bearing the committee of arrangements, Mr. Taggart, superintendent of the Juniata division, Edward F. Gay, principal engineer, a number of young men attached to the engineering corps, and some ladies and gentlemen. Accessions to the num ber were made at each town along the route. At Alexandria salutes were fired by the citizens and re sponded to by a cannon from the boat. Williams burg was reached at ten o'clock p.m. The houses were illuminated, and the arrival of the little vessel greeted with music and volleys of musketry. Here the passengers tarried the night: At ten o'clock on Wednesday the "James Clarke," towed by four horses, left its moorings, and, in company with es corts from Frankstown and Hollidaysburg, proceeded westward. At Frankstown the fleet met a cordial reception. Here the visitors, numbering about three hundred, dined, and then set out for Hollidaysburg, which point was reached about sunset. In the evening the houses were illuminated, a ball given, and a public meeting held. At the latter, John Scott, of Alexan dria, presided, assisted by Thomas Jackson arid Henry Beaver as vice-presidents. Samuel Royer and Joseph Adams acted as secretaries. Resolutions commend ing the policy of the State in regard to internal improvements, congratulating the people on their progress, the contractors for the prompt and faithful 36 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. execution of their contracts, etc., reported by a com mittee consisting of David R. Porter, John Cresswell, J. George Miles, James M. Bell, and James O'Connor, were unanimously adopted. The Huntingdon excur sionists arrived at home on Friday evening, highly delighted with the trip and the hospitality extended them en route. Many marks of gratification of the inhabitants along the line were noticed. In passing the farm of Abraham Boyles, a soldier of the Revo lution, he appeared alone on the bank of the canal, and gave a salute with his musket, which was re turned by three cheers from those on board the boat. The old gentleman made the following laconic reply : " This is a greater event than the Revolutionary war. That had some enemies ; this has none." The opening of the canal to Hollidaysburg marked the beginning of the rapid and substantial growth enjoyed by that town for two decades. James K. Moorhead, supervisor, selected, in Feb ruary, 1833, the following lock-tenders for the Franks- town line: No. 1, John Daily; 2 and 3, Alexander Lowry; 4, John Speilman ; 5 and 6, Christian Gaust; 7, William McAvoy ; 8, Daniel Clopper; 9, N. W. Green ; 10 and 11, Philip Caup; 12, John Miller; 13, P. W. Mat thews; 14 and 15, Robert McCutcheon ; 16, William Potter; 17, Henry Kephart; 18, M. P. Brown: 19, John Donnelly ; 20, Jacob Glaze ; 21 and 22, John Hutchinson ; 23 and 24, Thomas McMillen ; 25, John Kennedy; 26, Daniel Mullen; 27 and 28, Robert Mc- Farland ; 29, John Armitage ; 30 and 31, Moses F. Cromwell ; 32 and 33, John Martin ; 34 and 35, James McDonell ; 36, Jacob Longenecker ; 37, James Mc- Cauley ; 39 and 40, George McDonough ; 41, John Nash ; 42 and 43, John Trump. The following exhibits the business transacted at the collector's office at Huntingdon from the opening of the canal, in the spring of 1833, until the 31st day of October following : Tolls received $4699.58 Tonnage cleared: Eastward 3,022,963 lbs. Westward 2,978,175 " Total 6,001,138 " This tonnage consisted of the following commodi ties, all of which were products of the county : Iron 734,459 lbs. Flour 1,836,768 " Wheat 398,880 " Corn and rye 202,1114 " Clover aud otherseeds 33,796 " Leather 21.978 " Butter 30.905 " Lard 3.M04 " Scantling and other sawed stuff. 116,708 fpet. Whiskey 3,9 a galls. Coal 29% tons. Number of boats cleared 424 Number of boats passing which were cleared at other offices : To the East 346 To the West 388 734 The following is a partial list of the officers on the canal : Supervisors. James Criswell, from Lewistown to Huntingdon, appointed Sept. 25$ 1830. James K. Moorhead, from lift lock beside Aughwick dam to the head of the feeder above Huntingdon, appointed April 5, 1831. John Whittaker, Jr., from Hollidaysburg to Aughwick dam, appointed February, 1836. Moses J. Clark, from Hollidaysburg to Petersburg, appointed February, 1836. William Reed, from Petersburg to Aughwick darn, appointed February, 1836. William Reed, from Hollidaysburg to the Raystown Branch dam, Feb ruary, 1838. John Whittaker, Jr., from the Raystown Branch dam to the dam be- low'Lewistown, February/ 1838. David Woods, from the Newton Hamilton dam to Hollidaysburg; reap pointed February, 1842, February, 1843. Casper Dull, appointed January, 1844. John Ross, appointed Jan. 30, 1847; reappointed Jan. 25, 1848. John P. Anderson, appointed Feb. 2, 1849; reappointed Jan. 21, 1850, Jan. 29, 1851. James A. Cunningham, appointed Jan. 30, 1852; reappointed Jan. 17, 1853. Jonathan D. Leet, appointed Nov. 15, 1854; reappointed Nov. 9, 1855. John Gadd, appointed Nov. 21, 1856. HUNTINGDON. Collectors. A. W. Benedict, appointed March, 1836. Jacob Hoffman, appointed February, 1838. John Creswell, nppointed February, 1839; reappointed February, 1840, February, 1841, February, 1842, February, 1843. John S. Patton, appointed January, 1844 ; reappointed January, 1845, January, 1846. John M. Cunningham, appointed Jan. 29, 1847; reappointed Jan. 25, 1848. Andrew S. Harrison, appointed Feb. 2, 1849 ; reappointed Jan. 21, 1850, Jan. 29, 1851. David Black, appointed Feb. 7, 1852; reappointed Jan. 18, 1853. 1854. Thomas Jackson, appointed Nov. 15, 1854; reappointed Nov. 8, 1855, Nov. 19, 1856. BOLLIDATSBURG. Collectors. John Walker, appointed Feb. 18, 1833. Joseph G. Hummer, appointed March, 1836. W. C. McCormick, appointed February, 1842 ; reappointed February, 1843, January, 1844, January, 1845. George W Patterson, appointed Feb. 11, 1847. Archibald A. Douglass, appointed Feb. 2, 1849 ; reappointed Jan. 21, 1850, Jan. 29, 1851. J. P. Hoover, appointed Jan. 30, 1852 ; reappointed Jan. 18, 1853, Nov. 15, 1854, Nov. 9, 1855. Joseph McClelland, appointed Nov. 19, 1856. Weighrnaslers. John Dougherty, weigh lock, appointed February, 1842. i J. Piper, weigh scales, appointed February, 1842. George Potts, weigh lock, appointed January, 1844. ' John O'Conuor, weigh scales, appointed. January, 1844; reappointed January, 1845. F. R. West, appointed Feb. 9, 1847. Robert Williams, appointed Jan. 21, 1850. John Snodgrass, superintendent motive-power, appointed February, 1842 ; reappointed February, 1843, February, 1844. The main line of the State public works were sold by authority given in an act of the Legislature passed May 16, 1857, and the Pennsylvania Railroad Com pany became the purchaser. Meantime, the " new Portage" road had been constructed over the Alle gheny Mountain to avoid the inclined planes. Some time after the sale, the purchaser removed the iron from the new Portage, and abandoned the canal in RAILROADS. 37 sections from Hollidaysburg down to the Huntingdon dam. The Pennsylvania Railroad. — Various projects for the construction of a railroad across the State from east to west were discussed from time to time, and surveys of various routes made, but no decisive action was taken until April 13, 1846, when the Penn sylvania Railroad Company was incorporated by act of the Legislature, with an authorized capital of seven and one-half million dollars. Among the commis sioners named for the purpose of receiving subscrip tions to the stock of the company the following were residents of Huntingdon County : John George Miles, John Ker, A. P. Wilson, Edwin F. Shoenberger, Ben jamin Leas, John McCahan, John Long, Brice Blair, Thomas E. Orbison, Edward Bell, William Williams, and John Porter. John Edgar Thomson was chosen chief engineer, and entered upon his duties in the early part of 1847. On the 23d of July, a corps of engineers arrived at Huntingdon, and began explora tions in the vicinity of the borough. On the 19th of May, 1848, thirty-nine sections of the road were let at Huntingdon. The contracts for the portions of the line in Huntingdon and Blair Counties letrat this time were awarded as follows : Section No. 87, Thomas Dolan ; No. 88, Mcllduff & Dougherty ; No. 89, A. & P. Martin ; No. 90, Salsburg & Bro. ; No. 91, Saxton & Anderson ; No. 92, Becker & Gros ; No. 93, George Scott ; No. 94, Charles Murray & Co. ; No. 95, Charles Murray & Co. ; No. 96, James McMahon & Sons; No. 97, White, Wolf & Co. ; No. 98, E. & J. McGovern; No. 99, McMurtrie & Fisher; No. 113, Carr & Thurlow ; No. 114, George Leibrick & Co. ; No. 115, John McGran & Co. ; No. 116, Mc- Cue & Gillespie ; No. 117, W. P. Sterrett & Co. ; No. 121, E. Sankey & Co. In June, 1850, the road, with a single track, was completed to Huntingdon. On Thursday, the 6th, the first locomotive arrived, and on the next day trains ran regularly between this point and Philadel phia. The papers of the day regarded it as evidence of wonderful progress when the distance from Phila delphia to Cincinnati could be accomplished in three days and six hours. On the 17th of September, 1850, trains began to run via Altoona to Duncansville, where connection was made with the Portage Railroad. On the 10th of December, 1852, trains were run through from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh. The Mountain di vision of the road was not completed until Feb. 15, 1854, when the first trains passed without using the inclined planes. The Bald Eagle Valley branch extends from the main line at Tyrone through Bald Eagle Valley, touching at Bellefonte, fifty-four miles to the Phila delphia and Erie Railroad at Lock Haven. It was leased by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company in 1864. The Tyrone and Clearfield branch, leased in 1867, extends from Tyrone forty-one miles to Clear field, with lateral roads extending into the Clearfield bituminous coal region in the valley of the Moshan- non Creek. The Bell's Gap (narrow-gauge) runs from Bell's Mills, or Bell wood, into the Alleghany coal field. From Altoona branches run to Hollidaysburg, Wil liamsburg, Morrison's Cove, and to Newry. The heights in feet of the principal stations on the main line and branches in Huntingdon and Blair Counties above the mean level of the Atlantic ocean, and distances in miles from Philadelphia, are as fol lows : Stations. Heights. Mount Union 697 JackBtown 595 Mapleton 593 Mill Creek 604 Huntingdon 622 Warrior's Ridge 677 Petersburg 678 Barree Forge i. 724 Spruce Creek 777 Union Furnace 799 Birmingham 866 Tyrone 907 Tipton 990 Fostoria 1029 Bell's Mills 1060 Elizabeth Furnace 1079 Blair Furnace 1114 Altoona 1178 Kittanning 1594 East end of Tunnel 2126 Gallitzin 2161 Hollidaysburg 953 From Altoona.. Williamsburg 847 Martinsburg 1366 Distances. 191 194 198 203 209212215216220223226 228.5230 232.5234 237242 249 The Huntingdon and Broad Top Mountain Rail road. — In January, 1847, David Blair, member of the House of Representatives from Huntingdon County, introduced a bill to incorporate " The Hun tingdon and Broad Top Mountain Railroad Com pany." It was passed by both houses, but vetoed by Governor Shunk. He objected to the large quantity of land, five thousand acres, which it was proposed to authorize the company to hold, as well as to other powers conferred. At the next session another bill was prepared, passed by both houses and approved by the Governor, but an organization of a company was not effected. On the 6th of May, 1852, another bill incorporating "The Huntingdon and Broad Top Mountain Railroad and Coal Company" received the approval of Governor Bigler. . By August a sufficient amount of stock had been subscribed to warrant the application for letters patent. The first election for directors was held in the borough of Huntingdon, Monday, Jan. 10, 1853, when the following gentlemen were chosen: William Ayres (president), James Sax- ton, A. P. Wilson, James Entrekin, William P. Schell, Alexander King, John Scott, Lewis T. Watson, and John H. Wirtrode. The board was immediately or ganized, and Jacob Miller chosen treasurer, and Sam uel W. Mifflin, chief engineer. An engineering party was soon organized as follows : Joseph Mifflin, assist ant engineer ; Peter Van Devander and J. Simpson Africa, levelers ; John B. Johnson and George Eys- ter, rodmen ; A. S. Ennis and George M. Houston, slopemen; John Wright, back flagman; Nathaniel 38 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Williams and Charles A. Gwin, chainmen : George Westbrook and Alexander Coulter, axemen. On Friday, January 28th, the survey was com menced and pushed without interruption. The main line from Huntingdon to Hopewell was let on the 28th of June. On Monday, July 30, 1855, the engine " Beaver'' passed over the road for the distance of eight miles, and on the 13th of August trains com menced to make regular trips daily as far south as to Marklesburg station. By the close of the year the line was opened to the bridge at Stonerstown, and in February following the first coal was carried by rail to Huntingdon. During the summer, the line was opened to Hopewell, and soon after to Mount Dallas, a distance of forty-five miles. Branches called Shoup's Run, Six-Mile Run, and Sandy Run extend eastward into the Broad Top coal region. The cost of the road and equipment was $4,412,163.23. The number of tons of coal carried in 1881 was 518,420 ; pig metal, 23,223 tons; iron and other ores, 48,904 tons. At Mount Dal las connection is made with the Bedford and Bridge port Railroad, leased to and operated by the Penn sylvania Railroad Company, and trains are run daily direct between Huntingdon and Cumberland, Md. The present officers of the company are : President, B. Andrews Knight; Secretary, J. P. Donaldson; General Superintendent, George F. Gage. The East Broad Top Railroad.— Simultaneous with the movements looking towards the construction ,of a railroad from Huntingdon to reach the western side of the Broad Top coal field, efforts were made to organize companies to build a road from Mapleton or Mount Union to the eastern side. Meetings were held at several points in the southeastern part of Huntingdon County to awaken the citizens to the importance of the project. The result was the grant ing of a charter, March 24, 1848, for the formation of the " Drake's Ferry and Broad Top Railroad Com pany," but subsequent efforts to organize the company failed. The East Broad Top Railroad and Coal Company was organized under an act approved April 16, 1856. The work of construction was commenced on the 16th of September, 1872, and the road opened for business to Orbisonia, a distance of eleven miles from its northern terminus, Mount Union Station, on the Pennsylvania Railroad, on the 30th of August, 1873, and to Robertsdale, the southern terminus, on the 4th of November, ] 874. The length of the main line is thirty miles ; gauge, three feet. The cost of the road was $914,142.82; the cost of the equipment was $163,779.25. The officers are : President, William A. Ingham ; Vice-President, Edward Roberts, Jr. ; Sec retary and Treasurer, W. B. Jacobs : Chief Engineer, General Manager, and General Superintendent, A. W. Sims. During 1881, 143,449 tons of bituminous coal, 19,117 tons of pig metal, and 25,219 tons of iron and other ores were carried over the road. The levels on these roads are as follows : Huntingdon and Broad Top. Above Above Dist. from Huntingdon. Ocean Level. Huntingdon. Feet. Feet. Miles. Huntingdon 621 McConnellstown 52.6 674 Grafton 127.2 T48 Marklesburg 167.6 789 Coffee Run 250.6 872 Rough and Ready 267.6 889 Cove 300 921 Fisher's Summit 353 974 Stonerstown bridge 210.3 831 Saxton 228 849 Riddlesburg 243.6 865 Hopewell 277.3 898 Bloody Run Summit 613.3 1234 Everett 497.3 1118 Coalmont 488.8 1110 Dudley 803.6 1425 End of track 1240.2 1861 East Broad Top. Mount Union 597 Shirlevsburg 572 Rock Hill 624 Three Springs 717 Saltillo 781 Sideling Hill tunnel 1232 Cole's 1359 Cook's 1541 Robertsdale 1785 5 7 11i'7 212530 Dist. from Mount Union. Miles. "i 1119 24.5 ' 30 ' The altitude of some of the mountains above ocean level is as follows : Feet. Jack's, 1% miles north of Mount Union 2354 " 2J| " " Three Springs 2220 Round Knob, near Cook's station 2304 Allegheny, Eunig's Summit 2043 " Three Spring Gap 2614 " Bell's Gap Summit 2301 " Blair's Gap " 2339 " Pipe-Line " 2537 Brush, Pipe-Line Summit 2412 Canoe, " " " 1940 Tussey'B, Pipe-Line Summit 2328 Piney, Ridge Pipe- Line Summit 1137.6 Terrace, " " " 1684 Sideling Hill, " " " 1652 CHAPTER IX. EARLY SETTLEMENTS— NAMES OP THE PIONEERS. The first settlements within the limits of Hunt ingdon County were doubtless those made by the per sons whose cabins were burned by order of Secretary Peters in the summer of 1750, near the village of Burnt Cabins, and probably extending northeastward therefrom along the Tuscarora Valley. These were unwarranted intrusions upon unpurchased lands, and the squatters therefore acquired no title. Andrew Montour having earnestly and repeatedly applied for permission to live in some of the plantations over the Blue Hills, Governor Hamilton, by the advice of the Council, on the 18th of April, 1752, issued a commis sion to him, reciting the fact that many persons had gone and were continually going over the Kittatinny Mountains to settle, notwithstanding the repeated proclamations against such practices, and that he had represented that he could be serviceable alike to the government and the Six Nations in keeping people from settling on the unpurchased lands, in consider ation of which, license and authority was given him EARLY SETTLEMENTS. 39 to reside in such place over the mountains, found to be central and convenient for the purpose named. Montour settled on the north side of Sherman's Creek, on the Elliott farm, Perry County. His name is per petuated in the designation Montour's Run.1 George Croghan. — George Croghan, a conspicu ous character in provincial times, an Irishman by birth, was licensed in 1744 as an Indian trader. In 1748 he purchased land, and became a resident of Cumberland County. In 1750, as one of the magis trates of that county, he accompanied Secretary Peters in his visits to the trespassers, and, as appears by a letter of his dated June 10, 1751, he yet resided southeast of the Kittatinny Mountain. Soon there after, possibly under authority similar to that granted to Andrew Montour, he took up his residence at "Aucquick," now Shirleysburg, for it is found in the proceedings of a conference held by the commis sioners appointed on behalf of the provincial authori ties, with representatives of the Six Nations and other tribes at Carlisle, in October, 1753, that the Indians proposed that any presents intended for them should be sent to " George Croghan's house at Juniata." In the instructions of the Governor to James Patten, who was sent in December of that year on a journey to the Ohio, he was directed to call " at George Croghan's at Aucquick" and consult with him. The strife between the English and French for the possession of the Ohio Valley was reaching a crisis which would be settled only by the arbitrament of the sword. The latter, sweeping down from their Canadian colonies, were enlisting the sympathies and services of the Indians on the frontiers and alien ating their support from their English rivals. As early as 1749, Capt. Celeron, commanding a detach ment sent by the Captain-General of Canada to take possession of the lands along the Ohio and its branches, deposited at Venango, Forks of the Ohio, and Kanawha, leaden plates as monuments of the " renewal" of their claim to dominion over the region drained by those streams. Col. George Washington was sent by the Governor of Virginia with a small military force to occupy the Forks of the Ohio, but before reaching his destination was attacked at Fort Necessity, by a body of French and Indians much superior in numbers, and compelled, on the 4th day of July, 1753, to surrender his defenses and retrace his steps over the Alleghenies. Some Indians friendly to the English interests im mediately moved eastward towards the settlements. Croghan writes to Lieutenant-Governor Hamilton from "Aucquick Old Town, Aug. 16, 1754," that "The Half-King Scarrooyady and several other In dians, with their wives and families, have been here since Col. Washington was defeated, and about twelve days ago come here the young Shawanese king from the lower Shawanese town, and several more with 1 Wright's Perry County, p. 10. him, and Delaware George and several other Dela wares came here from the French fort." Coinci ding with the views of his Indian guests, Croghan sug gested that the government must move quickly and vigorously or the Ohio lands would be lost. A confer ence was proposed to be held at his place in ten days. His letter was laid before the Council on Thursday, August 22d, and it was then decided that Conrad Weiser should be immediately sent with some money and a letter of instruction to Aughwick. He set out from home on the 27th of August, and reached his destination on the 3d of September. In the account of his transactions, he stated that Croghan had had between twenty-five and thirty acres of the best In dian corn he ever saw, and counted above twenty cabins about his house, and in them at least two hun dred Indians, men, women, and children, and that a great many more were scattered thereabouts, some two or three miles off. The extent of the cleared and cultivated land and the number of cabins, indicates that Croghan had been a resident there for a consid erable time. Beginning with the morning of the 4th, the conference occupied several days, Weiser leaving on the morning of the 8th. There were present In dians of the Seneca, Oneida, Cayuga, and Mohawk tribes of the Six Nations, and some Delawares and Shawanese. Croghan complained to the government of the great expense that he was subjected to in pro visioning his Indian guests, and stated, August 30th, that they had already almost destroyed thirty acres of corn. Under date of May 1, 1755, he writes Governor Morris from " Aucquick" that, pursuant to his instructions, he will set out the next day with all the Indians, except the women and children, to join Gen. Braddock. It appears that some of the women and children accompanied him, but on joining Brad- dock the general refused permission for them to ac company the army. Croghan then proposed that they should go nearer the settlements, but they de clined, saying that they had fixed on Aughwick for their residence until the war was over, and as many women and children were there planting, they were determined to return. Croghan, in a letter dated at Fort Cumberland, May 20th, says there will be about one hundred and twenty women and children left behind, and suggests that if provisions are purchased and sent to his house, his brother would deliver rations to them daily. After the defeat of Braddock, July 9th, Croghan returned home, and notwithstand ing he learned from an Indian from Ohio a rumor that the French and their allies would make a de scent upon the frontiers during the coining winter, and who advised him to leave Aughwick, he com menced the erection of a stockade fort, and by the 9th of October had it nearly completed. In this move ment he was acting out the suggestion made by Sec retary Peters in December previous. On 12th of No vember he had about forty men with him, but in view of the apprehended approach of hostile Indians, 40 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. he was fearful he could not maintain possession long. The fort was continuously occupied, however, until some time in the spring of 1756, during which time it was strengthened by direction of the provincial authorities and christened Fort Shirley. During his career as a trader among the Indians, he was so lib eral in his dealings and so profuse in his presents to the natives, that with the losses sustained by the French, who seized and appropriated great quantities of his goods, he became embarrassed financially, aud in view of his services to the government, the As sembly, Dec. 3, 1755, passed a law exempting him from arrest for debt for ten years. It does not appear that he resided at Aughwick or Fort Shirley after the summer of 1756, but still claimed the laud. A survey without a formal warrant, but by the consent and di rection of the proprietaries, was made by Samuel Finley for Croghan on the 14th of. October, 1762, of a tract containing four hundred and twenty-four acres, called "Old Town," "situated on Aughwick Creek, where Fort Shirley stood." This tract be came the property of James Folay, to whom it was patented Oct. 19, 1773. He, with Mary, his wife, Jan. 29, 1776, conveyed it to Paul Warner, of Mary land. Croghan owned numerous other tracts on the Aughwick, at Shade Gap, Huntingdon, Alexandria, and other places. (See map.) Peter Sheaver was licensed as an Indian trader in 1744. He settled upon the west side of Shaver's Creek, near its junction with the Juniata, at a date not known. The warrant was taken out for the land by Samuel Anderson, Nov. 9, 1784, and it was certified, on the oaths of Thomas Mitchell, Oliver Walliss, and John Walker, that the improvement was made in 1754. The creek received its name from Sheaver, who, it is said, was murdered some time before 1765. (See Logan township.) In 1744, Lazarus and James Lowry were li censed as Indian traders. The first land warrant issued for the upper part of the Juniata Valley in the purchase of 1754 was granted Feb. 3, 1755, to James Lowry, supposed to be one of the above-named traders, for three hundred acres, " including a meadow on the Spring Branches, the old Indian town of the Shaw anese and Delawares, called Frankstown, on the Branches of Juniata." A survey of three hundred and ninety-three and three-fourths acres, made June 15, 1765, was patented March 28, 1783, and called " Frankstown," and described as situated at the old Indian town of the Shawanese and Delawares called Frankstown. The warrantee conveyed to James Lowry, the patentee, by deed dated April 15, 1757. The accepted tradition is that the name of this locality was given by reason of its being the trading-post of Stephen Franks, a German. His name does not, how ever, appear upon the lists of licensed Indian traders. In the assessment of Barree township (which then in cluded this region) for 1767, James Lowry, deceased, is taxed with one thousand acres of land, aud in 1769 the same. In 1770 and 1771 it is charged to James and Daniel Lowry's heirs. On the same day that James Lowry's warrant was granted, five others were issued for lands in the same region, to wit: James Rankin, three hundred acres adjoining Lowry, and including " an Indian cabinfj called the Little Hunting Cabin ;" Alexander Lowry, three hundred acres, upon which a survey of two hun dred and fifty-seven and one-half acres was made, called the "Canoe Place;" Samuel Smith, three hun dred acres; Edward Johnston, one hundred acres, in cluding the " Sleeping-Place at the Big Spring at Frankstown Hill ;" and James Sterrat, four hundred acres. Alexander Lowry's warrant was executed on two hundred and fifty-seven and one-half acres at and below the mouth of Canoe Creek. John Hart, who began to trade with the Indians under his license of 1744, had a feeding or lodging place at Alexandria, and " Hart's Log" Valley per petuates his name. He did not purchase any lands nor effect any permanent settlement. The warrant for the land was granted Feb. 3, 1755, to James Ster rat, for four hundred acres, " including the bottom at the Sleeping-Place called John Hart's Log, on the waters of Juniata." Further details about the settle ments on this and adjacent lands will be given under the head of Porter township. On May 26, 1755, John McDowell applied for three hundred acres " at a place called the Burnt Cabbins, at Aucquick ;" and William Maxwell for three hun dred acres, "including Falkner's and William and Thomas Thompson's improvements at Aucquick," and two hundred acres at a place called the " Three Springs, on the Rays Town Road at Aucquick." Warrants were not granted on these applications, but the descriptions serve to identify localities. The Falkner here mentioned is doubtless the Peter Fal coner described in Secretary Peters' report of his visit in 1750. Maxwell lived near the Burnt Cabins. ASSESSMENT LIST OF DUBLIN TOWNSHIP FOR THE YEAB 1768. [This township then included all of the area of Huntingdon County south of the Juniata and east of Sideling Hill, also aconsiderable part of Fulton County. The valuation is omitted. Abbreviations: a., acres; h., horses ; c, cowb ; cl., cleared. Those taxed with horses or cows can be takon as residents. The others were generally non-residents.] Boyle, Charles,! 150 a., 15 a. cl., 2 h., 2 c. Brown, William, 1 h., 1 c. Burd, John,2 300 a. warranted, 150 unwarranted, 20 a. cl., 2 h., 5 c, 1 servant. Barclay, James, 170 a. Baynton, Wharton & Co.,' 900 a. near the Great Meadows,* on Augh wick; 300 a. adj. Dr. Smith's and Brown's improvement; 600 a. he- low Fort Shirley; 200 a., 10 a cl. Clugadge, James,& 100 a., 20 a. cl., 3 h , 2 c. ' Lived at the mouth of Aughwick, now Shirley township. 2 Lived at or near Fort Littleton, Fulton Co. 3 John Baynton and Samuel Wharton, residents of Philadelphia and owners or large bodies of land in the valley of the Juniata. * The Great Meadows are on Aughwick Creek, near Meadow Gap, Springfield township. 6 Lived in Black Log Valley, near Black Lug gap. NAMES OF THE PIONEERS. 41 Calvert, Thomas, and Steel, Rev., 200 a. Campble, Francis, Esq , 150 a., 10 c. Charleton, Samuel, 200 a., 10 c. Dayly, James,1 300 a , 20 a. cl., 2 h., 1 c. Devenport, Josiah, 100 a. Elliot, Benjnmin, 100 a. patented, 3 a. cl., 1 li., lc. Elliot, Robert, 150 a., 4 a. cl. Elliot, James, 100 a., 5 a. cl. Elliot, John, 100 a., 4 a cl. Henery. George, 30(1 a., 3 a. cl. Harbridge, George, 150 a., 5 a. cl., 1 h. Holt, Henry, 150 a., 1 c. Hunter, James, 200 a. patented. Harvey, Robert, 150 a.. 4 a. cl. Hunter, James, 200 a. patented, near Black Log ; 200 a. patented, Augh wick and Brown's improvement. Lukens, John, Esq., surveyor-general at Great Meadows, near Aughwick, 300 a. McCormick, Andrew, 96 a., 2 a. cl., 1 h., 2 o. Owins, David, 1 h., 1 c. Owens, John, Sr.,2 150 a., 8 a. cl., 1 h., 1 c. Owens, John, Jr., 100 a., 15 a. cl., 1 h., 1 c. Petit, Elias, 300 a., 10 a. cl., 1 h., 1 c, Ramsey, Robert,3 100 a., 16 a. cl., 1 h., 1 c. Ramsey, William, 50 a., 2 a. cl., 1 h. Ramsey, John, 100 a., 15 a. cl., 1 h., 1 c, 5 sheep. Smith, Rev. Dr. William,4 100 a., including Brown's improvement. Steel, Andrew, 150 a. Swaghart, George, 50 a., 2 a. cl., 2 h., 1 c. Thompson, Capt. William, 300 a., 4 a. cl., near the Great Meadows. In the list for 1769 the following names occur that were not on the assessment of the previous year : Armstrong, John, Esq.,6 1000 a., 12 a. cl. Alexander, Randle, Path Valley, 200 a., 3 a. cl. Armstrong, George, Col, 600 a., some improved. Barnet, James, 200 a., 4 a. cl., 1 h. Blair, John, Esq., 300 a. Burd, John, in addition to 400 a. land, 100 cl., he was charged with 2 servants, 1 negro, 3 h., 4 c, and 3 sheep. Bogle, James, 160 a., Little Hell.e Campble, Joseph, 200 a., 10 a. cl., 1 li., 3 c. Cluggage, George, 100 a., 5 a. cl* Davis, Bartholomew,8 Poor, 50 a., 3 a. cl. Elliot, John, Jr., Path Valley, 200 a., 2 a. cl. Gallaher, Phila., 200 a., Little Hell. Horrel, Clement, 300 a. Jones, Thomas, 1 h. Justice, Joseph, 1 h. Justice, William. Kelver, Capt. Thomas, 200 a. Findlay, Samuel,9 500 a., some improved. Moorhead, Thomas, 300 a., 20 a. cl., 1 c. Moore, James, Path Valley, 100 a. McBride, James. 1 Lived in Black Log Valley, northeast of the Black Log Gap. The valley was sometimes designated '¦ Dailey's Valley." 2 Lived on Aughwick Creek, near Aughwick Mills, now Shirley town ship, at the foot of Owens' Ridge. 8 Lived between Burnt Cabins and Fort Littleton, now Fulton County. * Founder of the town of Huntingdon. 8 Col. John Armstrong, of Carlisle, once deputy surveyor of Cumber land County and the leader of the expedition against Kittanning. His land was on Aughwick, below Fort Shirley. 0 This designation is harmless when it is explained to have been in tended as an abbreviation of " Hunter's .Little Hill Valley," lying be tween Jack's Mountain and Chestnut Ridge, Shirley, Cromwell, and Clay townships. ' Black Log Valley. 8 Lived near the mouth of Sugar Run, Shirley township. 0 Samuel Fiuley, an assistant of Col. John Armstrong and Richard Tea, deputy surveyors of the southern district of Cumberland County, was an active and accurate surveyor, and located many of the surveys in Bedford, Huntingdon, and Blair Counties from 1762 to 1767. Some of his descendants now reside in Dublin township. McMurtrie, David, Little Hell, 100 a. Morris, William, Little Hell, 200 a.M Owens, David, I h., 1 c. Patrick, Peter, 1 h. Ralph, Lieut. James, 400 a., Three Springs.11 Rickets, Zacharlas, 100 a., Little Hell. Smith, William, Esq., 200 a. Trent, Capt. William, 1800 a. Watson, Robert, 1 h. Watson, James, 400 a., 1 h., 1 c. Watson, Samuel, 1 h. Walling, Thomas, 50 a., 7 a. cl., 1 h., 1 c. Ward, Maj. Edward, sundry surveys, 2900 a. Warder, Jeremiah, 1600 a., 15 a. cl., 1400 on Aughwick. Wallace, William & Co., and Caleb Jones, 1500 a., Cluggage's Valley. Freemen. James Cluggage, George Cluggage, Robert Watson, James Watson, Joseph Justice, Thomas Jones, Robert Kelsey, James Bennet, Sam uel Watson. The list for 1770 contains names that do not appear on those for the preceding years, as follows : Blair, Thomas, 200 a., 4 a. cl. Cooper, James, 2 h., 2 c. Dunnahoe, John,12 1 h., 2 c. Henry, William, 500 a. McDowel, John, 200 a., 10 a. cl. McDowel, William, 200 a., 15 cl. McDowel, Nathan, 200 a., 15 cl. Morrison, William, 400 a. Paxton, Samuel, 1 h. Steel, Rev. John, 300 a. Winton, William, 100 a., 5 cl. Wayne, Isaac, 1 h., 1 c. Wallin, ThomaB, 1 h., 1 c. Freemen. James Cluggage, Robert Cluggage,13 George Cluggage, Robert Calley, William Everet, Robert McKnight, William McCall, Robert Mal- comson, James Watson, Samuel WatBon. Bedford County was erected from Cumberland by the act of March 9, 1771, and Dublin township was in cluded therein. Before the new county was organized the assessment for that year was made, and as many new names and changes occur it is presented entire : Armstrong, John, Esq., 300 a., 30 cl. Armstrong, George. 2Q0 a., 5 cl. ; Kennedy Spring, 300 a. ; Aughwick, Powell's Spring, 300 a. Alexander, Randle, 200 a., 4 a. cl. Boyle, Charles, 250 a., 20 a. cl., 2 h., 4 c, 6 sheep. Bird, John, 300 a., 100 a. el., 1 servant, 1 negro, 4 h., 4 c. Blair, Thomas, 150 a., 3 a. cl. Buchanan, William, 300 on Black Log." Barnet, James, 200 a., 7 a. cl., 2 h , 2 c. Burge, Henry, Poor, 300 a., 10 a. cl. Bell, John, 300 a., 7 a. cl., 2 h., 2 c. Bogle, James, 100 a. Cluggage, Robert, 150 a., 30 a. cl., 1 grist-mill,15 3 h., 4 c, 5 sheep. Campbell, Francis, 100 a., 5 a cl. Charlton, Samuel, 100 a., 15 a. cl., 1 h., 1 c. Carmichael, John, Little Hell, 200 a. 10 The tract upon which a part of Mount Union is built. 11 The tract upon which the borough of Three Springs is located. 12 He owned the David McGarvey farm and some adjoining lands, Shirley township. 13 Robert Cluggage was afterwards a justice of the peace, and a mili tary officer in Revolutionary times. 14 The tract on Aughwick at a"nd including the mouth of Black Log Creek. 15 Stood near the junction of Black Log and Shade Creeks, Cromwell township. 42 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Carmichael, James, 150 a. Dayley, James, 300 a., 10 a. cl., 2 h., 2 c, 6 sheep. Cluggage, George, 100 a., 10 a. cl. Donachy, John, 1 h., 1 c. Davis, Bartholomew, 40 a., 4 a. cl, 1 mill, 1 h, 1 c. Doyle, David, 100 a, 4 a. cl, 1 c. Devenport, Josias, 100 a, 4 a. cl. Eliot, Benjamin, 100 a, 25 a. cl, 2 h, 2 c, 8 sheep. Elliot, John, 200 a, 5 a. cl. Elliot, James, peddler, 100 a, 5 a. cl. Fleming, James, Poor, 335 a, 8 a. cl. Finlay, Samuel, 250 a, 300 a. on Aughwick waters. Foley, James,1 200 a, 20 a. cl, 2 h, 2 c. Galloher, John, Phila, 500 a. Little Hell. Galloher, John, Poor, 160 a, 10 a. cl. Hunter, James, 230 a. ou Aughwich, near James Barnet's ; 75 a. near mouth of Three Springs; 200 a. on Three Springs Run. Horrel, Clement, 300 a. in White Oak Valley. Henry, George, 300 a. adjoining Littleton, 300 a. on Aughwick, adjoining John Burd. Henry, William, 400 a. at the f orks of the Three Springs road. Holt, Henry, 300 a, 20 a. cl, 1 h, 1 c, 4 sheep. Justice, William,2 60 a, 10 a. cl, 1 h, 1 c. Neave & Company, 300 a, 15 cl. ; 340 a. near mouth of Aughwick Creek ; 1100 a. adjoining Chestnut Ridge; 300 a. at the Red Banks, on Augh wick ; 570 a. at the mouth of Black Log Creek ; 570 a. adjoining Richard Tea, at Clark's Bottom ; 1800 a. on Three Springs Creek. Lukens, John, 300 a. on Aughwick. Moorehead, Thomas, 300 a, 20 a. cl., 1 h, 1 c, 4 sheep. McCall, William, Poor, 300 a, 20 a. cl. Morrison, William, in Tuscarora, 400 a. Little Hell. McMurtry, David, 100 a. Magaw, Rev. David, 200 a. Chestnut Ridge. Magill, Charles, 100 a, 6 a. cl, 2 h, 2 c. Owens, John, Sr, 200 a, 20 a. cl, 1 h, 1 c. Picket, Heathcoat, Poor, 300 a, 15 c. ' Ricket, Zachariah, 200 a. Ramsey, Robert, 200 a, 20 a. cl, 2 h, 2 c, 8 sheep. Ramsey, John, 150 a, 20 a. cl, 2 h, 2 c, 5 sheep. Ramsey, William, 1 h, 1 c. Ralf, Capt. James, 400 a. Smith, Rev. Dr. William, 500 a. near the Red Bank; 200 a. near mouth of Aughwick ; 300 a. adjoining Samuel Chariton, on Aughwick ; 100 a. on top of Sideling Hill. Steel, Rev. John, 289 a. on Sideling Hill Creek. Smith, William, 200 a. Trent, Capt. William, 300 a. adjoining Chestnut Ridge; 300 a. Black Log Fork; 500 a. near mouth of Black Log; 300 a, 5 a. cl. Black Run. Tea, Richard, 500 a. Clark's Bottom. Warder, Jeremiah, 300 a. near Aughwick, called Johnston's improve ment; 300 a. at Minskey's Spring; 570 a. in Clark's Cove; 570 a. near month of Three Springs; 300 a. adjoining Oldtown. Ward, Maj. Edward, 3000 a. Black Log Valley; 500 a. Turkey Hill, Shade Valley. Wallace, William, 1500 a. Black Log Valley. Walton, James, 50 a, 10 a. cl, 1 h., 1 c. Watson, James, 300 a, 20 a. cl, 2 h, 1 c, 1 sheep. Winston, William, 100 a, 10 a. cl, 1 h, 1 c, 4 sheep. Freemen. George Cluggage, Robert Cluggage, Robert Barnet, James McAnally, Thomas Shannon, Henry Hackney, Hugh Colhoon, James Watson, Heathcoat Picket, William Smith, Isaac Newtown, James Porter. BARREE RATES, 1768.8 Allan, George, 600 a. on Shaver's Creek. Baynton, Wharton & Morgan, 16,500 a. on the heads of Littlo Juniata;4 600 a. adjoining John Gammil; 2000 a. Woodcock Valley ; 8000 a. on Frankstown waters; 600 a. on Shaver's Creek. Benstead, Alexander, 360 a. on Little Juniata. 1 Owned the Fort Shirley tract. 2 Resided on Big Trough Creek, near Cook's mill, Tod township. 8 This township then included all of Huntingdon and Blair and parts of Bedford and Centre Counties lying northwest of Dublin township. 4 In Logan's, Warrior's Mark, and Spruce Creek Valleys. Brady, Capt, & Company, 1500 a. on Little Juniata and Shaver's Creek. Boquet, Col, or heirs,8 300 a. in Woodcock Valley ; 1500 a. in Trough Creek Valley. Brady, John,8 2 h, 2 c. Clark, Daniel, 200 a., joined Wharton & Pollock, Frankstown waters. Calwell, Charles,? 200 a, 20 a. cl, 2 h, 2 c. Duffield, Edward & Co, 1600 a. on Canoe Run Valley. Dunn, William, 100 a, 10 a. cl, 2 h, 2 c. Elliott, James & Co, 6000 a. in Point Valley. Finlay, Samuel, 300 a. on Frankstown waters ; 300 a. on Shaver's Creek.* Joshua, John, 100 a, 10 a. cl., 2 h, 2 c. Gamble, John, 600 a. at Clover Lick ; 400 a,9 20 a. cl, 1 negro, 2 h, 2 c. Hunter, James, 50 a. at Canoe Place ; 300 a. adj. Capt. Finlay, on Franks* town waters. Kore, Jacob, 100 a, 10 a. cl , 2 h, 2 c. Johnston, James, or heirs, 50 a. Frankstown waters. Irwin, Robert, Jr., 200 a. Shaver's Creek. Lukens & Little, 400 a. below Frankstown ; 800 a. on Canoe Run ; 500 a, 40 a. cl, on Shaver's Creek. Lowry or Starret, 200 a. on Canoe Place. Means, Hugh, 200 a. Water Street Valley. McNitt, Alexander, 200 a, 10 a. cl, on Shaver's Creek. Mifflin, Samuel, 2000 a. Standing Stone Creek.1" Mitchel, John, wagoner, 200 a. Woodcock Valley ; 40 a. Totman's Island.11 Peters, Rev. Richard, 1400 a.12 Pollock, James, tavern-keeper, 100 a. on Frankstown Branch. Physick, Edmond, 400 a. Woodcock Valley. Proprietaries, 1500 a. above Water Street; 11,000 a. on Sinkhole Valley;18 3000 a. Woodcock Valley ; 14 3000 on Shaver's Creek.18 Renkin, James, 200 a above Frankstown. Sterrat, James, 200 a. at the Beaver dams. Sparks, William, 100 a, 8 a. cl, 2 h, 2 c.18 Smith, Rev. Dr., 600 a. above Water Street; 1400 a. Standing Stone ; II 1500 a. heads of Crooked Creek.18 Shippin, Edward, Jr., 1500 a. head of Juniata.19 Simpson, John,20 Paxton, 300 a. on Little Juniata. Totman, Joseph, 100 a, 6 a. cl.21 Trent, William, capt, 300 a. adj. Starret; 1000 a. adj. Duffield, Canoe Run. Wallace & Co, 600 a. adj. Gamble, up Frankstown Creek ; 5000 a. east branch of Juniata ;22 1500 a, and 6000 a. recovered of Mr. Ellint, east branch of the waters of Juniata,23 surveyed by Robert McKiony; 1500 a. adj. Capt. Brady. Ward, Maj. Edward, 300 a. Ward's Cain ; 1500 a. Trough Creek, Ju niata.24 5 Col. Henry Boquet, 8 Brady was from the Cumberland Valley, and settled in Woodcock Valley, north of McConnellstown. He sold his land there, and moved to Standing Stone (Huntingdon), where his son, Gen. Hugh Brady, wa> born in 1768. He afterwards removed to Northumberland County. 7 Resided on south side of Juniata, above Alexandria, now Porter township. 8 On the Globe Run, West township. 9 Hart's Log tract. 10 This land extended from the Standing Stone tract up the creek for several miles, and included the Kyper, Neal, Shoemaker, Warm Springs, and other farms. 11 Tatman's Island in the Raystown Branch, above the mouth of Coffee Run. 12 The tract upon which Hollidaysburg is located. 13 The Sinking Valley Manor, in Tyrone and Morris townships. 14 The Woodcock Valley Manor, Penn township. 15 The Shaver's Creek Manor, Barree township. 16 He lived on Raystown Branch. " The tract upon which Huntingdon is located. 18 In Woodcock Valley, north of McConnellstown, Walker township. 19 Tho borough of Tyrone occupies a part of this land. 20 The grandfather of the editor. The land is on the south side of the Little Juniata, above Petersburg. 21 This man, whose name was " Tatman," lived on the east side of the Raystown Branch of Juniata, above the mouth of Coffee Run. From his residence there is derived the name of " Tatman's Gap," in Terrace Mouutain. 22 Head-waters of Spruce Creek. " Warrior's Mark Valley. 24 Plank Cabin Valley, Tod township. NAMES OF THE PIONEERS. Willson, John, 150 a., 15 cl., 2 h., 2 c. Woods, George, 200 a. Woodcock Valley.1 In the Barree list for 1769 the following additional names appear : Allison, Patrick & Co., 1000 a.2 Allison, Rev. Dr., 200 a.a Allison, Samuel, 2000 a. Allison, John, 200 a. Anderson, Samuel, 100 a., S a. cl.4 Agnew, John, 150 a.5 Bond, Phineas, 200 a. Boggs, Andrew, 600 a. Beaver, William, 300 a. Brad}', John, 2 h., 2 c. (He is also rated for one house and lot supposed to be in the town of Huntingdon.) Brady, Samuel, I house and lot, I h., 1 c. Brady Supposed to have lived near the head-waters of Shaver's Creek. 10 Supposed to have lived on Raystown Branch, Penn tpwnship, 11 . Owned and resided on the " Igo farm." immediately above Jackstown, in Brady township. The designation " Igo's Hill," over which the turn pike passes between Jackstown and Bridgeport, was derived from this settler. 12 Lived on Raystown Branch. 13 Lived on Raystown Branch. 14 Called in some of the old land titles '* Frederick, the Dutchman," lived on Raystown Branch. 16 Ancestor of the Hampsons of Mill Creek. He is supposed to have lived at this date on the Irwin farm in Union township. u Owned the land at the mouth of Hare's Valley, and resided there.. During the Revolution he became a Tory, and his land was confiscated and sold by the government. "Ancestor of the Jacksons of the borough of Huntingdon, Jackson township, Huntingdon Co., and of GrayBport, Blair Co. (See Logan township, Huntingdon Co,, where the farm is situated.) 18 Situated at Stewart's Mill, on Shaver's Creek, Logan township. lflA part of the Norris estate, Penn township, on Raystown Branch. Lowry, James^o deceased, 1000 a. Little, John, 400 a.2' McNutt, William, 250 a. 22 McClay, William, 300 a.22 Murtrey, David, 300 a.- Melchar, , 400 a. Mould, Anthony, 50 a.23 McBride, James, 150 a. McGaw, David,100a. Moore, Zebulon, 100 a., 20 a. cl. ; 2 h., 2 c, 3 sheep." Nilson, William, 300 a.26 Patterson, James & Co., If 50 a., 200 a. Patterson, William, Esq., 18,000 a., 1400 a.28 Potter, James & Co., 1000 a. Patterson, James, and Clayton, 1000 a. Porter, Thomas, 150 a. Perry, Samuel, Esq., 100 a. Pridmor, Joseph, 100 a., 1 a. cl.,3 h., 3 c, 3 sheep.27 Poltney, Joseph, 1900 a., East Branch of Bald Eagle. Rippey, William, 300 a.28 Roberts, Joseph, 300 a., 4 a. cl.,2 h., 2 c.29 Shea, John, 600 a. Shirley, William, 20 a., 13 a. cl., 2 h., 1 c.3° Saunders, Benjamin, 250 a, 10 a. cl.,4h., 2 c.31 Troy, Michael, 600 a. Thompson, Samuel, 150 a., 12 a. cl.,2 h., 2 c.32 Wallace, John, deceased, 10U0 a. Wallace, William, GOO a. Wolf, George, 200 a. Wetherton, William. 100 a. Weston, John, Sr., 150 a., 8 a. cl.83 Freemen. Mordecai Gosnel, William Risle, John Parker, John Montgomery, John Weston, John Long, aud Anthony White. Additional names are found in the list for 1770, as follows : Anderson, Samuel, 100 a., 20 a. cl., 25 a., 2 a. cl'., 3 h., 5 c, 4 s. Anderson, Daniel, 100 a. Bowers, John, 2 h., 2 c. Boquet, Col., 1300 a. Beckbough, Jacob, 100 a., 3 a. cl., 1 h. Caswell, Robert, 184 a 34 Hutchison, George, 300 a. Shaver's Creek. Heather, George, 70 a. Leamy, Daniel, 2 h., 1 c. Little, James, 3 h.,2 c. Morgan, Richard, 300 a., 6 a. cl., 150 a., 2 h., 2 c. Mcllleaver, William, 300 a & Ralph, David, 100 a., 2 a. cl., 50 a., 2 h., 2 c. Shirley, William (increased to), 200 a., 13 a. cl., 2 h., 4 c. Smart, William, 100 a., 4a. cl., 2 h., 3 c.3a Stoner, Philip, 100 a., 15 a. cl., 2 h., 2 c.37 20 He owned the " Old Town tract" at Frankstown. 21 Little Valley, Penn township. 22 Shaver's Creek Valley. 23 Raystown Branch. M Lived on Raystown Branch. 25 Supposed to be "Nelson,*' Shaver's Creek Valley. 26 At the Falling Spring and other places in Standing Stone Valley. 27 Pridmore owned and lived on the Mill Creek tract, Brady township, and built the first mill there about 1770 or 1771. 28 On Raystown Branch, Lincoln township. 20 On Raystown Branch, Penn township. 30 Lived in Trough Creek valley, near CaSBville. "Shirley's Knob" was named after him. 31 Lived on Raystown Branch, Lincoln townBhip. 32 Lived on the Yocum farm, Juniata township, Huntingdon Co. 33 Lived on Raystown Branch, above the mouth of the Rippling Run, Juniata township. 84 Shaver's Creek Valley. 85 Probably intended for MrAlevy. 30 Lived on Raystown Branch, in Lincoln township. 37 Lived on Itaystown Branch. 44 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Shoaf, Boston, 150 a., 10 a. cl., 50 a.1 Teaburn, Philip, 100 a. Willson, William, 100 a., 6 a. cl.2 Weston, John, Jr., 100 a. Whetstone, Michael. Woolery, , 180 a., 5 a. cl., 100 a. Additional Freemen. John Shaver, John Forsythe, Daniel Anderson, Hugh Guthrie, Jacob Kelly, John Kelly, Solomon Foreshear,3 Kilgore. Additional names and changes occur in 1771, as follows : Blythe, Benjamin, 200 a. Boshar, Samuel, 300 a., 6 a. cl., 1 h., 2 c, 5 s. Bebout, Jacob,4 10 a., 5 a. cl., 1 h., 1 c. Bowers, John, and James Little, 700 a., 13 a. and 10 a. cl. on the proprie tary tract,6 2 h., 2 c. to Bowers, 2 h , 2 c, 3 s. to Little. Beech, Walderen, 100 a., 2 a cl., 1 h., 2 c. Chestnut, William, 700 a. Cross, Cornelius, 50 a., 2 a. cl., 1 h., 3 s. Clark, Walter,** 100 a., 7 a. cl., 2 h., 3 c. China, Robert. Croghan, George, 200 a. adjoining Raystown Branch, 170 a. adjoining Philip Stoner. Dunlop, James, 160 a. Flower, James, 50 a., 3 a. cl., 1 h., 1 c. Denneston, James, mill-carpenter, 222 a. bought of William Patterson. Heather, George, 200 a., 10 a. cl., 3 h., 5 c. Hartsock, Peter, 2 h., 2 c. Hicks, Lewis, 400 a., 6 a. cl., 1 h., 1 c. Igo, Peter,7 1 h., 2 c. Kleygar, Anthony, 40 a., 2 a. cl., 1 h., 1 c. Leane, Daniel, renter, 1 h., 1 c. Lukens, John, Esq., 360 a. at the mouth of Little Juniata. Lowry, James, and Daniel's heirs, 1000 a. Minor, Thomas, Poor, 60 a., 1 a. cl. Moor, Levy,8 100 a., 9 a. cl., 2 h., 2 c, 5 s. Murray, William,9 2 h. Maclay, Samuel, 139 a. bought of William Patterson, on Standing Stone Creek. McKnight, John, deceased, estate, three 300-a. tracts, all on Shaver's Creek. McKnight, William, 250 a. on Shaver's Creek. McLeavey, William, 300 a. McKnight, Alexander, 150 a. Neave & Co., 300 a., 4 a. cl. ; 300 a., 10 a. cl. ; 900 a. in Woodcock Valley ; w 7000 a. on Little Juniata, called the Warrior's Mark ; n 500 a. at upper crossing of FrankBtown Branch ;12 1300 a. at the Globe.13 Oulery, David, 20 a., 2 a. cl., 1 h., 1 c. Patterson, James, 180 a. opposite the mouth of the Juniata. Poage, James, 180 a. upper crossing of Frankstown Branch. Patterson, William, Esq., 574 a. Standing Stone Creek. Prigmore, Joseph,14 150 a., 5 a. cl., 1 grist-mill, 2 h., 3 c. Petticoat, Dorsey. 1 Sebastian Shoup, who built a mill on the run that bears his name, in Hopewell township. 2 Shaver's Creek Valley. 8 Solomon Forshey, who resided in Penn township, and from whose family Forshey's Gap, in Terrace Mountain, derived its name. 4 One of the builderB of the mill at the mouth of Spruce Creek. 6 The Manor of Hart's Log, Porter township. 8 Lived on the waters of Big Trough Creek, Broad Top, Carbon town ship. 7 Lived in Brady township. 8 Lived on Raystown Branch, in Lincoln township. 8 Settled upon the Gorsuch farm, Centre Union, Oneida townBhip, and gave the name to Murray's Run. 10 The upper and lower mill tracts, McConnellstown. 11 The lands on the eastern side of Bald Eagle Ridge, extending from the Little Juniata to near the Centre County line. ^ Below Alexandria. ' 18 On Shaver's Creek, West township. 14 See list for 1769. Robb, James, 160 a. on Crook Creek,15 Reapher, Chrisr, 100 a., 5 a. cl. Rickets, Edward, 300 a , 10 a. cl., 2 h., 2c, 2 sheep.16 Rannels, George, 1 h., 1 c.17 Smith, Rev. Dr. William, 1500 a. Crooked Creek; 100 a. on James Creek ; 400 a. on Standing Stone Creek; 200 a. at Big Spring. Shilling, Christopher, 2 h. Sullivan, Rev. CorueliuB. Shope, Bostian, 100 a., 6 a. cl., 2 h., 1 c.18 Shope, Jacob, 100 a., 2 a. cl. Stevenson, George, 300 a. on Standing Stone Creek. Tipton, Edward, renter, 1 h. Vaunce, Thomas, 2 h., 1 c. Wilson, James, 100 a., 5 a cl., 1 h., 1 c. White, Anthony,19 100 a., 20 a. cl., 1 h., 2 c, 2 s. Winston, Michl., 100 a., 2 a. cl., 1 h., 1 c. Wallace, Samuel,20 300 a. on Robinson's Run; 300 a. on Shaver's Creek; 300 a. on Shaver's Creek ; 300 a. on the mouth of Trough Run ; 100 a. on Bedford Branch. Wallace, John (dec'd) & Co., 1000 a. Willroy, , 100 a. Additional Freemen. Joseph China, Mathias Beebout. The act erecting Bedford County (March 9, 1771) fixed the Juniata River as the line from a point below Newton Hamilton up to Shaver's Creek, hence that part of the territory now embraced in Huntingdon County which lies north of the river and east of Shaver's Creek, remained in Barree township, Cum berland Co., until annexed to Bedford by the acts of 1772 and 1779. The assessment of this fragmentary township, taken by the Cumberland authorities, for 1773 was as follows : Boran, William, 200 a., 5 a. cl., 1 h., 1 c. Bond, Dr., :.'00 a. on the head of KishacoquillaB Valley. Chandley, Benjamin, 300 a.21 Dickson, James, 300 a. on Beaver Creek.22 Drake, Benjamin, 100 a. on Juniata River.23 Mifflin & Dean, 500 a. Hare, Jacob, 100 a., 5 a. cl. on Juniata River.24 Igo, Daniel, 100 a., 10 a. cl., 1 servant, 2 h., 2 c. Igo, Peter, 100 a., 10 a. cl , 1 h., 1 c. Murray, William, 100 a., 6 a„ c. 1 h., 1 c. Montgomery, John, 600 a., Kishacoquillas Valley. Maclay, John, 300 a. Kishacoquillas Valloy. Kyle, James, 100 a., 7 a. cl., 1 h., 1 c. Nailer, Ralph, 300 a,, Kishacoquillas Valley. Prigmore, Joseph, 200 a., 15 a. cl., 1 grist-mill, 1 h., 1 c. Perkins, John, 100 a., 3 a. cl., 1 h., 1 c. Petticoat, Dorsey, 1 h., I c. Vandevander, Peter, 100 a., 3 a. cl.25 15 A part of the Whitaker lands, Hart's Log Valley, Porter township. 16 Lived at one time on Standing Stone Creek. The Ricketses were early settlers. Some resided in Hill, Spruce Creek, and Warrior's Mark valleys. 17 Lived in Huntingdon, and afterwards became owner of lands in Woodcock Valley and on Piney Ridge. His son David (Reynolds) moved to Armstrong County, where many of his descendants now reside. 18 Same as Boston Shoaf, on list of 1770. 19 Ancestor of a branch of the White family at Huntingdon and vicin ity, resided on a part of the Shenefelt farm, Juniata township, Hunting don Co. 20 Properly written Wallis. He was an extensive dealer in lands. 21 In Kishacoquillas Valley, Brady township. 22 The old name of a branch of Mill Creek. 28 The lower end of the " Mill Creek" farm. 24 The old Plowman farm. 26 Peter Van Devauder, from Virginia, settled upon the Rohley farm, in Brady township, and there reared a large family. Among the sons were Peter, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and John. Daughters married respec tively Armitage, Peter Swoope, Shaver, and Samuel Hampson. HUNTINGDON— THE WARM SPRINGS. 45 CHAPTER X. Huntingdon — The Warm Springs— Jack's Narrows — Fort Shirley — Black Log Valley — The Clugage Family, aud the Shades of Death in 1775. The following is copied from a manuscript diary of Rev. Philip Fithian, who left his home at Greenwich, N. J., May 9, 1775, for a tour through Delaware, Mary land, and Pennsylvania, and at a Presbytery held at West Conococheague Church (near Mercersburg, Pa.) was commissioned to visit Central Pennsylvania as a supply to the scattered Presbyterian Churches. On his return from Kishacoquillas Valley he passed through the territory of Huntingdon County.1 Under date Monday, Aug. 21, 1775, he draws near the town of Huntingdon, #,nd the diary continues, — *'I met two men on horseback. As they passed me I stnelled their breaths; it was strong of whiskey. By this token, which in thicker set tled places you would scruple, I grew certain that I was near the town. My conjecture was right : I soon after entered Huntingdon. " Ab I drew near I could not help thinking myself on the borders of some large town. There was a drum beating, several antic loud sing ers, every now and then a most vociferous laugh, and candle-, thinly scattered, shining hero and there from the houses. I expected to find a few of our American bedlams. These small towns, especially when they are growing fast and a new thing, go before every other place in most sort of vice, hut especially drinking and a few of its nearest allied at tendants. I had cautiously put on my riding-coat to disguise the cleri cal cloth, for I was not certain that I should escape some blackguard embarrassment, for too much liquor makes many 'over wicked;' but it makes some 'over good,' and sets them in a tune to ask more questions in divinity, especially explanation of parts of Scripture, than unexpe rienced I or any other Dr. of Divinity in America could have the pa tience, if he had the ability, to resolve. Fearing all this, and knowing in such a case I Bhould eBcape no better myself, before I arrived within a mile of town I put on~my surtout and cocked up my hat in the best manner. " ' You Beem to be a stranger,* said a tall youngster to me as I put my first foot on the porch. " * Is tho hostler here V I asked. "' Are you from below, stranger?' " 'Bring in the saddle-bags, aud let thehorse cool before you give him a gallon of oats.' " ' Are you a stranger, sir?' "' Yes, sir, a stranger.' " I could hear one another whispering about me on the porch. Some thought I was one of the delegates appointed to the treaty with the In dians which is soon to be held at Fort Pitt. Some thought I was a land- jobber, some that I was a broken, absconded merchant, some that I was a Tory flying from knobstick vengeance. I supped, however, and soon retired. " Tuesday, August 22d.— I spent the night, quite contrary to my expec tations, in peace. Squire Hall, a store keeper, came in late, found me a stranger, and took me in with another young man, Mr. Clugage, of Shirley, to his house. Here was a late paper; it said His Excellency Gage has resigned his commission to Gen. Howe, etc. Squire Hall told me that he is now selling salt by the bushel at fourteen shillings current. He told me further that many in this town and neighborhood are under present alarming apprehensions of danger from the Indians. It is cer tain the Indians row show temptation ; the Governor of Canada with all his agents are employed and bribed to Bet them on us. " I roBe from my bed early in order to be at the ' Warm Springs,' for I came about by the village wholly to see them. I rode through the wet bushes five" miles quite alone. The path is single and not over Btony, but all the way bushy. These springs rise in what is called Standing Stone Valley, a little west of the mountain, and five miles north of Juniata River. The water rises boiling up with sand and much air in bubbles in a piece of land which is almoBt level. There is a small descent of a few feet from the highest part of the neighboring i Furnished by Hon. John Blair Linn, of Bellefonte. land to the place of the water rising; and below is a watery flat cov ered with marsh flowers, flags, touch-me-nots, water-lilies, etc. The water rises up in nearly equal quantities in two places at about three perches distance. One is used by the invalids for drinking; the other for bathing. They both stand as great nature formed them, edged with moss and overhung with boughs; only delicacy has the present year's inhabitants urged to assist nature a little by adding a few more boughs to the bathing part, which are laid in the form of an arch, and wholly conceal such as choose to bathe alone. They have also scooped out the bath into a kind of hollow basin, about six feet long and four feet wide. The water is quite clear, without any floating scum whatever. The bottom is covered by a white sand and Bmall gravel, which makes the place in hare appearance desirable. I could not but wonder at the rising wind. In both springs it ascends continually and at times in large quantities, bubbling up through the sand and breaking with a small noise when it comes to the surface of the water, which is two or three feet deep. I am not qualified by reading or experience to judge for myself or inform others of these springs from any information I can get by being present and seeing and tasting them. I have said the water is quite clear. It has no unusual or unpleasant taste. It is not indeed cold. I think it like some springs which I have seen running without a shade in summer. " The water is sensibly soft to the mouth, and those who are trying it tell me it may be drunk without injury in great quantities. I drank out of curiosity near a pint, but it was to me in taste and effect like other common water, and I feared that a pint would be as much aB I would choose to swallow at once. The water must be used some days before the perspiration fully begins. On this account it cannot be used at first in so large a measure as it may be after used. As to the virtue ol these waters, the people Bay it is chiefly in rheumatic cures, violent pains in the limbs and different parts of the body, and some that have been long fixed, the Bteady use of these springs has entirely recovered. Weakness and debility of the system have been much assisted, and in some few cases quite restored. I heard one person say — I will not vouch for the credit of his assertion — that it was an effectual asylum for all barren women, etc. There are now twenty-two personB professedly in disposed. Seven I took from their afraid appearance to be unmarried virgins, two with their husbands, and one of them is very old. A young hag said of this venerable silver-haired matron that she came filled with the hope of finding these springs possessed with the quality to heal old age. The remaining thirteen were men of different ages. " It looks indeed like an infirmary hospital. Many of them are by no means in health. The most in strong belief at least are indisposed, or they could not submit to the inconveniences for any length of time which the situation of the place makes necessary. It is quite in the woods, not a single house or any cleared land between it and town. They must carry all their provisions and supply themselves; they live in low cabins built with Blabs and boughs, and cook their dinners all at one great common fire ; the men for exercise play at quoits, hunt deer, turkeys, and pheasants; with their hardships, however, they live in friendship, and are steadily cheerful, conquering by society the uneasi ness of infirmity and labor, and making them almost constantly pleasant. " In a brook at Borne distance from the springs are many remarkably smooth blue stones; their shape chiefly I admire; every size of these stones is an oblate spheioid, and they are very dense in contexture; some not larger than an ordinary tea-kettle was nearly a load for a com mon man. On the smooth surface of several of these which people had brought to their cabins and used as seats are inscribed the names, in large and initial letters, of great numbers who have been here before. Partaking of the general desire deeply fixed in all the human race for every method of passing down notice of our existence, I also with my spur wrote at full length in italic letters my three names. Having at last, with as much accuracy as possible, viewed aud reviewed the whole, I mounted and rode back to town. In this town I parted not without reluctance with an able, steady, useful friend, — I mean my horse. Bob Orr, of Kishacoquillas, gave me a small neat black horse of iour years old aud a half for my old companion ' Jack.' " Having adjusted matters, I left town in company with Mr. Clugage, and rode down the river, a stony path, through Jack's Narrows, where the high mountains on each side of the water came down to its very bank, so that in places we were forced to go down on the water's edge. We crossed over the water. ' This is one end of Hell Valley,' said Mr- Clugage to me, as we were jogging along in silence, about ten miles onward in a gap between the hills which is called the Shades of Death. What ! are the shadows of death and hell here? Death and hell so easily passed through I Vain man, how daring to make these tremen dous subjects so common. We crossed Of wick (Aughwick) Creek, and 46 HISTOEY OP HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. arrived about eight in the evening at Mr. Fowley's, who lives within the walls of old Fort Shirley. Distance from town twenty miles. " Wednesday, August 23d.— I had almost forgotten to tell the person who shall read these papers a couple of hundred years hence that there is now standing in a garden at Huntingdon a tall stone column or pillar nearly square, which has given to the town and valley the name of Standing Stone Valley.' The column is seven feet above the ground. " After breakfast with Mrs. Fowley, a smart, neat woman (her pewter in the dresser glistened, her wooden dishes, pails, and the like were white and sweet), and after appointing sermon to be here Sunday we rode up Of wick six miles to Mr. Clugage 's. The good little woman re ceived me with great kindness She looked to be an old woman, very healthy, and indeed florid in her appearance, yet she wears neither shoes nor stockings. It is the custom in these backwoods almost universal for the women to go barefooted. Men in common, I observe, wear moccasins, or Indian shoes. When I had seated myBelf for a few hours, impatient of confinement, I rambled out. Here are two fine brooks ; near the N. and S. are two high mountains; from them the streams came trickling down. As I was strolling along the water I found two sorts of plums; the one is a red or streaked plum not yet quite ripe and very tart. The other is by far the best; is a yellow, and when rubbed is a bright orange- colored plum, now nearly ripe, and very juicy and sweet. Both kinds are nearly of a size, and grow upon a low, scrubby, thorny bush. We received intelligence that Gen Gage, in some fit of surprise, has burned down the town of Boston, and, with all his army, gone off. This in my opinion wants confirmation it came by an unprinted letter. " Tkursd-iy, August 2Wi. — The weather is wet and very muggy. All the inhabitants in these back settlements are remarkably strong, fresh, and cheerful. I have seen only one, the young man in Northumberland, at all indisposed with any kind of fever. With Mr. Clugage, I rode after dinner three miles to the Shades of Death to fish. Of wick Creek runs between two high mountains. These narrows are overhung with high spruce, elm, ash, and interspread with ivy, laurel, etc., which make a dismal gloom. " Friday, August 2bth. — As I was with eagerness looking through Mr. Dunlap's paper of the 7th, impatient to hear from oppressed Boston, in my hurry of reading I passed over the astonishing sentence, ' On Fri day, the 20th of July, died at his home, in Cohansie, New Jersey, the Rev. Audrew Hunter, A.M., etc.1 "I am aided in averting grief by Mrs. Clugage's pathetic sorrow. One of her sons has gone captain of a company of riflemen to Boston, just now gone. Her tears are not yet dried since his departure. She seems to be a woman of sedate, philosophical temper ; carries a kind of dignity that is persuasive in her presence. The young gentleman that has gone was a magistrate here and in high reputation. Since his departure an other of the good, kind woman's sons has been chosen by company of militia for captain. There are five brothers, all grown, and appear to be young men of prudence and understanding. "Sunday, August 21th. — Shirley. We held sermon in Mr. Fowley's barn. A rainy, stormy day. Many, however, were present, — fifty or more. On my way to sermon I was met by a message from a poor, dying man, urging me on that I might converse with him a little before his departure, — a stranger, and here dying. He came to Mr. Fowley's last Thursday, on his way to Virginia. He appeared ill when he came in ; be was exceeding ill. He begged the liberty of a bed to rest awhile. But, poor youth, it was the hed of death. His disorder was a consump tion. When I came in he was too far wasted to converse. His body, even his head, was cold; his legs were much swollen ; he was in a deep sweat; his breath, too, was cool and short. He had his understanding in full, and I asked some questions, which he answered with calmness and great judgment. He told me he was near his end, and begged that I would remember him in public assembly and recommend him to God's mercy. I summed up to him in the plainest manner a few of the greatest necessary evidences of union to God by Christ, and assured him of the ability and willingness of our great Redeemer 'to save to the uttermost.' Before the last sermon was finished, poor youth, he expired. This settlement is broken with religious divisions. There is a Baptist Society, now under the direction of Mr. Lane. There is also a Method ist Society, but no stated minister. These, when the whole settlement ia not large, makes every Bociety quite inconsiderable in number and power. Good Mrs. Clugage stayed with Mrs. Fowley, to assist in direct ing the funeral. After sermon I stopped at young Mr. Clugage's and stayed overnight. For my supply one of the hearers, I know not who, gave me twenty shillings. " Monday, August. 28*/*. — A damp, muddy, sickly morning. I set out over the rocky path to Loudon." CHAPTER XI. CONFISCATION OF THE ESTATES OF TRAITORS. Among the early enactments of the General As sembly under the Constitution of 1776, was one " de claring what shall be treason, and what other crimes and practices against the state shall be misprision of treason," passed Feb. 11, 1777. In each county there were inhabitants who still adhered to the crown and directly or covertly assisted the enemies of American independence. That the line between friend and foe might be distinctly drawn, the General Assembly, by act passed June 13th of the year named, required all the white male inhabitants of the State to take and subscribe an oath renouncing all allegiance to George the Third, king of Great Britain, and pledging them selves to be faithful and bear true allegiance to the commonwealth as a free and independent State. The justices before whom the oaths were made and sub scribed, were required to keep registers of them, and to transmit annually a list of the names of the per sons sworn to the recorder of deeds of the proper county, who was enjoined to record the same. The justices were also required to give a certificate to every person who had taken the prescribed oath. On the opposite page is a copy of a certificate transcribed from the original. The General Assembly, by act passed March 6, 1778, after naming a number of prominent citizens of the commonwealth as having "most traitorously and wickedly, and contrary to the allegiance they owe to the said State, joined and adhered to, and still do adhere to, and knowingly and willingly aid and assist the army of the king of Great Britain," and command ing them to appear for their trial for such treason on or before a day named, or by neglect to appear be convicted and attainted of high treason, authorized the Supreme Executive Council to command, by public proclama tion, all persons, subjects or inhabitants of the State, or those owning real estate therein, aiding or assisting the enemies of this State or of the United States, to render themselves on or before a day to be named, to. abide their trial for treason, or after that day to stand and be attainted of high treason, and suffer such pen alties and forfeitures as persons attainted of high treason ought to do. By a proclamation of the Council issued Oct. 30, 1778, among others, John Campbell, William Camp bell, James Little, Edward Gibbons, and James De- long, of Amberson's Valley; Andrew Smith and Robert Nixon, of the township of Lack ; Joseph King and William Wright, of Path Valley; Dominick Mc- Neal and John Stillwell, of the township of Tusca rora, all of the county of Cumberland; Richard Weston, of the township of Frankstown, and Jacob Hare, Michael Hare, and Samuel Barrow, of the township of Barree and county of Bedford, with others, were charged with having adhered to and CONFISCATION OF THE ESTATES OF TEAITOKS. 47 knowingly and willingly aided and assisted the ene mies of this State and of the United States, by having joined their armies within this State, and were re quired to render themselves for trial on or before the 15th day of December following, or thereafter suffer the penalties and forfeitures prescribed by law. In Council, May 29, 1778, agents for the confiscated estates were appointed for the several counties and instructions to them adopted. Those for Bedford County were Robert Galbraith, Thomas Urie, and John Piper. On the 29th day of January, 1781, John Canan and Gideon Richey were appointed, and on the 15th day of November in the same year, Michael Cryder was named in the room of Mr. Canan. By proclamation of the 20th day of March of this year, " Henry Gordon, now or late a military officer in the British service, now or late of the township of Ken- nett," in the county of Chester, was commanded to one hundred and seventy pounds." " The Council (June 11, 1782), recurring to the proclamation dated March the twentieth, 1781, on which the attaint of Harry Gordon and the seizure of said tract of land is said to be founded, observes that Henry Gordon is there called upon to render himself and abide his trial, etc., and that the said lands have been sold as late the property of Harry Gordon, were unanimously of opinion that the seizure and sale of the said tract of land is void and of none effect." In an act passed the 31st day of January, 1783,1 after reciting the misnomer, provided that if Harry Gordon should not render himself for trial on or be fore the 24th day of July then next ensuing, that the seizure and sale already made should be confirmed. Gordon did not appear, and on the 2d day of October deeds were executed by the Council to James Woods for the two tracts for the consideration named.2 Woods I do hereby certify, That JOHN SIMPSON hath voluntarily taken and fubfcribed the Oath or Affirmation of Allegiance and Fidelity, as di rected by an A cl: of General Affembly of Penn- fylvania, paffed the ijth day of fune, A.D. 1777. Witnefs my hand and feal, the 14th day of October A.D. 1777. /Qn JOSHUA ELDER. Printed by JOHN DUNLAP. render himself on or before the first day of November following. Messrs. Richey and Cryder, after giving due public notice, sold at the court-house in Bedford, on the 18th day of April, 1782, a tract of land containing about three hundred acres, situated in Hopewell township, "a little above Jack's Narrows, the late property of Jacob Hare," to Michael Huffnagle, Esq., " for and in trust for James R. Reed, a major, and Capt. Sam uel Brady, for the sum of six hundred and fifty ," They also made return of the sale of a tract in Frankstown township, "containing about eighteen hundred acres, divided into two tracts, the one, containing about fourteen hundred and ninety- five acres, sold to James Woods, of the county of Cum berland, for the sum of two thousand and five pounds ; the other, containing three hundred and twenty-five acres, sold to the said James Woods for the sum of and the persons holding under him retained posses sion until 1805. Seven hundred and fifty acres of the larger tract had become vested in the devisees of Adam Holliday ; four hundred and sixty-two and three-fourths acres had become vested in David Hayfield Conyngham, of Philadelphia, the possession of the remainder not having been obtained by him, and the smaller tract of three hundred and twenty-five acres became the property of Daniel Martin. These persons were by judgment of the Circuit Court of the United States, rendered at April sessions, 1805, evicted from the parcels mentioned, by Harry Gordon, an heir-at-law of the attainted Harry, on the ground of his misno mer in the early proceedings of the Council. 1 Laws, p. 131. 2 Arch., vol. xiii. p. 701. 48 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. The Legislature, at the session of 1806-7,1 appro priated ten thousand six hundred and twenty-six dol lars to Conyngham and the executors of Holliday, to be apportioned by David Stewart, Andrew Hender son, and John Canan, according to the value of the lands at the time of Holliday's purchase, and one thousand two hundred dollars to Martin as compen sation for his eviction from the three hundred and twenty-five acre tract. Hare's real estate consisted of four adjoining tracts of land, situated on the south side of the Juniata River, including the borough of Mapleton, and ex tending therefrom up the river and up Hare's Valley. These tracts, containing over four hundred acres, were confirmed to Frances Reed by patents issued in June, 1794. CHAPTER XII. FORMATION OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY— ERECTION OF COUNTY BUILDINGS. Standing Stone, afterwards known as Hunting don, on the Juniata and on the traders' road, became in a few years a point of considerable importance. Settlements were made along the river and in the adjacent valleys. Population in the northern half of Bedford County had so increased as to warrant the inhabitants in demanding from the Assembly the setting off of a new county, and a bill for that purpose was introduced into the Assembly in 1787. When under consideration, on the 19th of September, it was opposed'by Messrs. Whitehill, of Cumberland, and Findlay, of Westmoreland, aud advocated by Messrs. D. Clymer, Fitzsimmons, Canan (of Bedford), and G. Clymer. Mr. Findlay failed in an effort to have the measure postponed, and on a test vote, reached that day, it was passed by a decided majority. It ap peared in the discussions that twelve hundred and fifty of the inhabitants of the proposed new county prayed for its erection, and sixty-nine remonstrated against it. On the next day, September 20th, the bill was compared and finally enacted. A part of the text of the bill is as follows : " Sec. I. Whereas, It hath been represented to the General Assembly of this State, by the inhabitants of that part of Bedford County which lies on the waters of the Frankstown Branch of Juniata, the lower part of the Raystown Branch of the same, the Standing Stoue Valley, part of Woodcock Valley, the waters of the Aughwick Creek, and other the northeasterly parts of the said county of Bedford, that they labor under great hardships from their distance from the present seat of justice, and the public offices for the said county, now in tho town of Bedford : for remedy whereof, "Sec. II. Be it enacted, etc., That all and singular the lands lying within the bounds and limits, hereinafter described aud following, shall be, and are hereby, erected into a separate county, by the name of Hunt ingdon County ; namely, beginning in the Hue of Bedford and Franklin Counties, where the new State road, (by some called Skinner's road) leading from Shippensburg to Littleton, crosses the Tuscarora Moun tain; thence in a straight course or line, to the gap in the Shade- 1 Act of Fob. 10, 1807. Mountain, where the road formerly called Potts' road crosses the same, about two miles north of Littleton ; thence by a straight line to the Old Gap, in Sideling Hill, where Sideling Hill Creek crosses the mountain; thence in a straight line by the northerly side of Sebastian Shonb's mill, on the Raystown Branch of Juniata; thence on a straight to the Elk Gap, in Tussey's Mountain, computed to he about nineteen miles above or southwesterly of the town of Huntingdon, (formerly called the Staudiug Stone), and from the Elk Gap, in a straight line, to the gap at Jacob Stevens1 mill, a little below where Woolery's mill formerly stood, in Morrison's Cove ; thence in a straight line by the sontherly side of Blair's mill, at the foot of the Allegheny Mountain ; thence across the said mountain, in a straight line, to and along the ridges dividing the waters of Conemaugh from the waters of Clearfield and Chest Creeks, to the line of Westmoreland County ; thence by the same to the old par- chase line, which was run from Kittanning to the West Branch of Sus quehanna Kiver; and along the said line to the said West Brauch, and down the same to the mouth of Moshaunon Creek, and along the re. maiuing lines or boundaries which now divide the county of Bedford from the counties of Northumberland, Cumberland and Franklin, to the place of beginning." The town of Huntingdon, on the river Juniata, was fixed upon as the seat of justice for the new county, and Benjamin Elliott, Thomas Duncan Smith, Ludwig Sell, George Ashman, and William McEIevy2 ap pointed trustees, who, or any three of whom, were authorized to take assurance and conveyance of and for the land and grounds proposed to be appropriated in said town for the site of a court-house and jail. Courts were to be held on the first Tuesday in the months of December, March, June, and September. The voters of the comity were authorized to choose one representative to serve in the General Assembly. • It becomes a matter of some interest at this" day, nearly a century after the passage of the bill to create this new county, the eighteenth of the commonwealth, to note the views thereon expressed by contempora neous writers. In The Pennsylvania Packet and Daily Advertiser, a leading paper of Philadelphia, in the issue of Sept. 21, 1787, under the healing, " General Assembly, Wednesday, Sept. 19th," the measure was thus treated : " The bill for erecting part of Bedford County into a new county, which was under consideratiou yesterday, was resumed, when it was argued that it was too late at this time to pass the bill into a law, as i I would be impracticable to warn the county against the approaching election. Upon general principles, indeed, the bill was thought to be inexpedient and premature. It would be the meaus of encreasiug the htinheuB of government by erecting an additional number of representatives, a member for the executive council, and two members for the council of censors; aud it would encrease the expences of the county, by intro ducing the necessity of a double paunel u'f jurors, aud all other offlcere incidental to county establishments, when it was evident that the charges were already as great as could be well borne bj the people. It is true twelve hundred and fifty petitionee have solicited the division of Ibis county, but if we could even he assured that these were all taxable in- habitautB, it would be a number too small to bear the weight of a sepa rate establishment, and smaller than have ever yet prevailed upon the Legislature in so important a measure. We know, however, that peti tions are easily obtained, and when tho views of a particular district are to be accomplished, we are sure to find a greater number of inhabitant! than are ever to be found wln-n a tax is to be levied. Upon the whole, we conceive that we are not bound to comply with every petition that is presented to us, but are to judge upon the propriety of the measure pro posed as it respects the general interests of the commonwealth. If we acquiesce upon this occasion, we must be prepared to acquiesce with every similar request, and experience will teach us to anticipate an infinite train of divisions aud subdivisions in every cuuuty. 2 By act of April 2, 1790, Andrew Henderson and Richard Smith were added to the trustees to supply vacancies caused by death and removal. ¦y eu-iie-i van i a. le-ui&u /U e-u- £lii eetr tenet 6us /ki> e*UJltu.&f- ff {sOI/ebUAfUJAjt-^ cis fa* oa-*- cUtoevcfZue. cwi±o- rf/ia±cuy^ ^ ^ yf,_ aJffwl FORMATION OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY. 49 "The friends of the bill observed that it had originated in the first sessions of this house, and if it has been at all disagreeable to the citi zens who were to be affected by it, counter petitions would certainly have been presented. But, in truth, it was a measure highly favoured hy the people, and would be equally advantageous to the State at large and to the particular district comprised within theproposed boundaries,— to the State, by improving our internal commerce and facilitating our trade with the western countries ; to the people (who in some instauces were obliged to travel eighty miles to the county town), by bringing the courts of justice nearer to their homes. With respect to the expence in curred by the State upon the division of countries, that was an evil en gendered by the Constitution, which ought not to counteract the rights and conveniences of the citizens, and the expence incurred by the county would he counterbalanced by the advantages. It was surely sufficient upon that head that those who were to defray the cost did not object to it, and in the present instance the burthen would be considerably dimin ished, aB Dr. Smith presented a lot of ground for the scite of a court-house and gaol, and the greater part of the money necessary to erect these build ings would be furnished by a voluntary subscription. "The question being put, the bill was taken up by paragraphs, and, after a few amendments iu describing the boundaries of the new county, called Huntingdon, it was ordered to be engrossed." Early Election Districts. — At the time of the separation from Bedford County, the territory of Huntingdon was embraced in three districts, to wit : the third, fifth, and sixth. The fifth and sixth were divided in the formation of the new county, but the voting-place for each fell within its limits. The fourth district was formed in 1794, and con sisted of the townships of Woodberry and Franks- town and that part of Allegheny township that lies west of the Widow Edington's. The elections were to be held at the store-house of Alexander McDowell, in Frankstown township.1 The third district was to comprise Franklin, Tyrone, and Morris townships and that part of Allegheny that lies east of the Widow Edington's, and the elections were to be held at the house of Capt. Alexander Ramsey, in Franklin township.2 The fifth and sixth districts were formed in 1797.3 The former embraced Woodberry and Morris townships, and the place of elections fixed at the house of Robert Smith, in Williamsburg; the latter included all the territory of the county lying between Sideling Hill and Tussey's Mountain and south of the following bounds, to wit: from the path on the summit of said mountain leading from Hartsock's fort, by a straight line to and including John Freate's house ; thence by a straight line to Forshey 's Gap in Terrace Mountain ; thence northward along the summit of said mountain to the wagon- road leading from Little Trough Creek to Huntingdon ; thence by a straight line, so as to include the inhab itants of Little Trough Creek, to the summit of Sideling Hill. Isaac Crum's house, on the Raystown Branch, was appointed as the place for holding elections. Barree and West townships in 1798* were made the seventh district, and the elections directed to be held at the house of William Murray. That portion 1 Changed iu 1799 to the house of Frederick Crissman, in Hollidays burg. 2 Act of Sept. 22, 1794. a Act of March 21, 1797. * Act of April 4, 1798. 4 of Morris township lying northeast of the Fox Tavern Run was taken from the fifth and added to the third district. The eighth district, formed in 1799,6 was to consist of Shirley township and that part of Springfield lying west of the Black Log Mountain. John Palmer's house in Shirleysburg was named as the voting-place. Dublin township and the remaining part of Springfield was thereafter to form the second district, and the right of suffrage was to be exercised at the house of George Hudson. The ninth district, erected in 1800,6 consisted of that part of the township of Allegheny lying west of the sum mit of the Allegheny Mountain. Cornelius McGuire's house was named as the voting-place. At the same time that portion of the sixth district lying northeast ward of the following lines, to wit: Beginning in Forshey's Gap in Terrace Mountain, thence by a straight line to the mouth of Little Trough Creek ; thence up Big Trough Creek to Philip Curfman's saw-mill ; thence by a straight line to the line of the eighth district so as to include the house of Joshua Chilcoat, Jr., was added to the first district, and the elections ordered to be held in the court-house in the borough of Huntingdon. A part of West township was also added to the first district, being the part lying south and west of the following bounds, to wit : beginning at Tussey's Mountain opposite the head of Nelson's Run, thence down said run to Shaver's Creek; thence up said creek to the road leading from McCormick's mill to the borough of Huntingdon ; thence along said road to the line of Huntingdon township. Court-Houses. — The first courts of the county were held in the public-house of Ludwig Sell, a long two-story log house that stood on the northern side of Allegheny Street, on lot No. 7, west of the Penn sylvania Railroad freight station. The property after wards passed into the possession of Abraham Haines, and the lot is now owned by Thomas Fisher. It is probable that after the completion of the jail and temporary court-house on Second Street, the sessions of the court were held there until the building was burned. The first permanent structure for the ac commodation of the courts and county officers, a sub stantial brick edifice, was built on Third Street, south of Penn, fronting northward. Third, then called Smith Street, was originally ninety feet wide. To afford a sufficient passage-way at each end of the structure, seven feet was taken from the lots adjoining Third Street, making the entire width one hundred and four feet, and leaving the passage-ways about thirty feet each. A yard in the rear, extending towards Allegheny Street, was set with trees and in closed by a fence. A hall ran half-way through the basement story from an entrance on the southern side. From this hallway a door led to the office of the register and recorder on the east, and one to the 6 Act of June 16, 1799. 6 Act of Dec. 17, 1800. 50 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. office of the prothonotary on the west side. The court-room occupied the whole of the second story, and was reached by a flight of a dozen or more steps from the Penn Street side. The " bench'' was formed by a wooden annex supported by two stout wooden pillars, one standing on each side of the hallway leading to the offices on the lower story. About one- half of the floor area was fenced off for the accommo dation of the judges, lawyers, jurors, and suitors. In the space allotted to the bar were semicircular tables, used lately in the prothonotary's and recorder's offices. The room was heated by two immense six-plate stoves, cast at the Bedford Furnace at Orbisonia. These were long enough to easily admit a four-foot stick of wood. At the western side of the door a flight of stairs run ning westward reached the third story. On the southern side of the hallway were three jury-rooms; on the north side and at the end of the hallway were two rooms occupied by the county commissioners. The building was surmounted with a dome, in the ceiling of which was placed the bell used in calling the courts and other assemblages in the house below, and it was rung by means of a rope attached to a lever on the bell-shaft. This bell weighed two hun dred and fifty-four pounds, and bore the following inscription : " Cast by Samuel Parker, Phila., 1798. William Smith, D.D., to the Borough of Huntingdon, Juniata." * After the completion of a new court house in 1842 the old building fell into the possession of the borough authorities, who permitted it to be used for religious and public meetings until it was demolished in May, 1848, when the street it so long obstructed was again opened to its full width. By 1839, the population and wealth of the county had so increased as to justify the erection of a new building .better proportioned to the business of the courts and the necessities of the public offices. A location on Penn Street near Fifth was proposed, but the county, authorities finally decided to locate upon a plot two hundred feet square, being lots 31, 32, 33, and 34, extending from Penn to Washington Street, east of Third Street. John Cadwallader, an early settler and prominent member of the bar, owned and resided on the last three lots. Stephen Drury, a clock and mathematical instrument maker, owned lot No. 31. On the 6th of August, 1793, in the days of the State loan-office, Cadwallader executed a mortgage to the commis sioners of the county for the use of the common wealth on his lots for three hundred dollars, and on the 31st of the same month, Drury executed a similar mortgage for one hundred dollars. In 1839 the Leg islature passed a resolution, which was approved by Governor Porter on the 25th day of June in that 1 This bell, claimed, as the inscription shows, as a donation to the "borough of Huntingdon," was removed on the demolition of the court house in May, 1848, to the public school house, and was there used for many years. It was cracked in ringing on a frosty morning, Dec. 12 1861. year, transferring the " lien, right, title, and claim of the commonwealth of, in, and to" the lots, under the mortgages to the "county of Huntingdon, for the use and purpose of building by said county of a court house and other necessary buildings for the said county, therewith and thereon, and for such other uses as the commissioners of said county shall here after determine." A writ of scire facias had been issued on the Cadwallader mortgage in 1810, and judgment obtained, which had been revived at vari ous times before the transfer to the county. It was again revived in 1839, when the debt amounted to one thousand nine hundred and forty-three dollars and twenty-five cents. The lots were then sold at sheriff's sale, and bought by the county commis sioners for one thousand dollars. A scire facias was issued on the Drury mortgage in the same year, and judgment obtained for three hundred and twenty-five dollars and fifty cents, on which the lot was sold, and bought by the commissioners.2 A court-house was erected upon these lots, the front line being in the rear of the Cadwallader mansion, which was used by the carpenters during the progress of the new build ing as a work-shop. The old well, from which water has been drawn for more than fourscore years, is yet in use. This building, two stories in height, com pleted and occupied in August, 1842, was constructed in the shape of a T, and had a court-room and offices for the prothonotary and register and recorder on the lower floor, the offices being in the wings. The commissioner's office was on the second floor, immediately over the recorder's office, and the grand jury room over the prothonotary's office. Other rooms on the second floor were appropriated to the use of the treasurer, sheriff, county surveyor, and traverse juries. James and Robert Stitt were the contractors. Most of the bricks used in the construc tion of the building were made and burned on the grounds. The subject of enlarging and modernizing the court-house and providing greater security for the county records had been discussed for several years, and several times was included in the recommenda tions of the grand inquest. At November sessions, 1881, on a petition presented to the court and referred to the grand jury, the following presentment was made: " The Grand Inquest of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, inquiring for the comity of Huntingdon, upon their respective oaths and affirma tions, do present: That the building now used as a court-house is defi cient in the following particulars: " 1st. The court-room is entirely too small to properly accommodate suitors, witnesses, jurymen, and the public, and is poorly lighted and ventilated. "2d. The arrangement of the bench, witness stand, the bar, andjnry b.oxes is very inconvenient. " 3d. The offices of the Prothonotary and Register and Recorder, and the vaults connected therewith, are too small and deemed insecure. " 4th. The offices of the Sheriff, Treasurer, and Commissioners are not properly arranged for the use of the officers and the public. ! Lytle, p. 97. m @ @ m © ¦El2s> Iii IHlHHiir. a WwSiriEr THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS OF 1776, 1790, 1838, AND 1873. 51 "5th. Witness-rooms, jury-rooms, and convenient out-buildings are deemed a public necessity. " It is believed, in view of the above facts, and to secure the speedy and proper administration of justice and the preservation of the public records, that such changes, by repair, enlargement, and building of ad ditions, be made as may be deemed necessary to relieve the above-stated objections, and they do so recommend. " D. Olarkson, Foreman." This report was indorsed by the grand jury at January sessions, 1882, and concurred in by the court. ' Of the several plans submitted, the commis sioners adopted one prepared by M. E. Beebe, of Buffalo, N. Y. At the letting six bids were received, ranging from $71,300 to $93,140.50. The contract was awarded to Henry Snare & Co. at the first-mentioned sum. Temporary quarters for the public offices were provided in the Morrison House, northeast corner of Third and Allegheny Streets, in the month of June, and the work of removing the old building com menced. At present writing (November 24th) the brick^work of the new court-house has been carried almost to the top of the second story. County Buildings.— The Jails. — The act erecting Huntingdon County authorized the commissioners to raise by taxation a sum of money not exceeding £200 ($533,33), to be put into the hands of the trustees named in the law, for the purpose of building and finishing a court-house and jail. This sum, together with about £200 more, chiefly subscribed by the inhabitants of the town, making an aggregate sum of $1066.66, was expended by the trustees in build ing a substantial -house as a permanent jail, with provision for a temporary court-house over the same. It was erected on lot No. 41, donated for the purpose by William Smith, D.D., located on the eastern side of Second Street, being the ground now occupied by the eastern extension of Penn Street. Before it was fully completed, it took fire and was destroyed. A prisoner, confined therein, was with some difficulty rescued from the flames. The trustees repre? enting to the General Assembly that they were under the necessity of contracting a considerable debt for erecting a new stone jail, capable of further en largement as occasion may require, by an act passed April 19, 1794, the Governor was authorized to loan to the trustees the sum of £800 ($2133.33) for that purpose, and the commissioners were empowered and required to levy and collect by taxation a sufficient amount annually so as to repay the loan and interest in seven yearly installments. The Uct of March 9, 1796, authorized the commissioners to levy the further sum of £600 ($1600) for " erecting and completing the public buildings." A second prison, constructed of stone, was erected in Third Street, near the southern line of Church Street. This building served its purpose for over thirty years. Some years thereafter, the erection of a new and third jail was agitated, and the centre of Third at the northern line of Mifflin was preferred by the county authorities as a site, by reason of its being in full view of the court-house, which then stood in the same street below Penn; fronting northward. Al though some kind of consent had been obtained from the citizens- of the borough for the occupancy of a part of the public street by the old structure, the commissioners were unwilling to commence the erec tion of a new building on the ground proposed, with out the formal approval of the citizens and authorities of the borough, and accordingly presented their re quest to the Burgesses and Town Council. At a meet ing of that body held Feb. 20, 1827, it was " moved by Mr. Miles, seconded by Mr. McCahan, that a com mittee be appointed to inquire into the expediency of granting the privilege to the county commissioners of building a jail on Smith (now Third) Street. Where upon, Messrs. Jackson, Vantries, and Whittaker were appointed for that purpose, and make report at next meeting." At the next meeting, held March 3, 1827, the committee reported that the citizens had almost unanimously testified their approbation of granting the desired privilege, as is proved by a paper signed by the said citizens and filed with the report, and pre sented the following resolution: " Resolved, By the Burgesses and Town Council aforesaid, that the consent and approbation of the said Burgesses and Town Council are hereby given to the Baid commissioners to build a county jail at the place and on the ground above described, so far as the corporation is concerned or is enabled to do by the powers vested in them." The petition bears the names of eighty-eight citi zens. CHAPTER XIII. THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS OF 1776, 1790, 1838, AND 1873. Congress having by resolution adopted on the 15th of May, 1776, recommended to the Assemblies and Conventions of the several United Colonies where no government sufficient for the exigencies of their affairs had been established, to adopt such govern ment as should, in the opinion of the representatives of the people, best conduce to the happiness and safety of their constituents in particular, and America in general, the Committee of Safety of the city and liberties of Philadelphia issued a circular letter to the people of the several counties, inclosing a copy of the resolution, and requesting the appointment of deputies to meet in Philadelphia on the 18th of June. On the day appointed, ten of the eleven counties then formed were represented, Cols. David Espy and John Piper and Samuel Davidson appearing for Bedford County. An organization being effected, Col. Thomas McKean was chosen president. In the deliberations of this conference, which continued its sessions until the 25th, inclusive, the resolutions of Congress were approved, the existing government of the province declared insufficient for the exigencies 52 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. of the times, and the calling of a provincial conven tion, for the express purpose of forming a new govern ment on the authority of the people only, determined upon. The representation for each county was fixed at eight; Monday, July 8th, named as the time for the election, the qualification of voters prescribed, judges appointed, and Monday, July 15th, the date ordered for members chosen to meet in convention in the city of Philadelphia. A patriotic address to the associators of the province, to whom the right of suf frage was confined, received unanimous approval. Want of space forbids its entire reproduction, and a single paragraph' must be taken as an index of the whole : " It is now in your power to immortalize your names by mingling your achievements with the events of the year 1776, ... a year which, we hope, will be famed in the annals of history to the end of time for establishing upon a lasting foundation the liberties of one-quarter of the globe." At the election held in Bedford County, Thomas Smith, Benjamin Elliott, Joseph Powell, John Bard, John Wilkins, Thomas Coulter, Henry Rhoads, and John Cessna were chosen delegates. One only of this number, Benjamin Elliott, resided in Huntingdon County. Mr. Smith never resided in this county, but, being a half-brother of Dr. Smith, proprietor of the town of Huntingdon, and having made when deputy surveyor a number of surveys in the county, as well subsequently sat as president judge of the courts therein, he is identified with its history. A brief sketch of both these gentlemen will be found in the chapter on the Bench and Bar. The convention concluded its labors on the 28th day of September, and the Constitution adopted was signed by the members present. The signatures of all the representatives from Bedford County are appended with the exception of that of Henry Rhoads. The change from a proprietary government, to one based upon popular suffrage, was such a marked departure from the old order of things as to provoke much crit icism and some dissatisfaction. The legislative power was lodged in a single house of representatives called the "General Assembly of the Representatives of the Freemen of Pennsylvania," the members of which were to be chosen annually on the second Tuesday of October, and meet on the fourth Monday. The supreme executive power was conferred on a Presi dent and Council, the latter consisting of one mem ber from each county, to be chosen triennially by the freemen thereof. The President and a Vice-Presi dent were to be chosen annually by a joint ballot of the Assembly and Council. The President and Coun cil were authorized to appoint and commission judges of the courts, attorney-generals, and all other officers, civil and military, except such as were authorized to be chosen by the Assembly or the people. The terms of judges and justices of the peace were seven years, sheriffs one year, but they might be re-elected three years in succession. The people elected two persons in each ward, township, or district for justices, and two in each county for sheriff and for coroner, and one for each office was commissioned by the Presi dent in Council. Another body was authorized, called the Council of Censors, to be composed of two members from each city and county, and chosen at the general election in 1783, and in every seventh year thereafter. The duties enjoined on this Council were to inquire whether the Constitution has been preserved invio late, and whether the several branches of government have performed their duties as guardians of the people or assumed to themselves other or greater powers than they are entitled to by the Constitution ; to ascertain if taxes have been justly laid, revenues properly ex pended, and the laws duly executed. This body was also empowered to call a convention for the purpose of amending the Constitution when necessary. Constitution of 1790. — In the Assembly, March 24, 1789, resolutions declaring that amendments to the Constitution were necessary, were adopted by the decided vote of forty-one ayes to seventeen noes. These resolutions, which contained a request to the Supreme Executive Council to promulgate the rec ommendations to the people of the commonwealth, were considered by that body on the 28th, and the request declined. In September following, the As sembly passed resolutions calling for the election of delegates to a convention. Representatives were ac cordingly chosen, and the convention met in Phila delphia on the fourth Monday of November, choosing Thomas Mifflin president. After a protracted sitting, an adjournment until the next year, and reassem bling, a new Constitution was adopted, Sept. 2, 1790. In this convention Huntingdon County was repre sented by Andrew Henderson. Sweeping changes were made in governmental ma chinery. A second legislative branch, the Senate, i was created, the Supreme Executive Council and Council of Censors abolished, and the chief executive authority conferred upon a Governor to be chosen by the electors, who could exercise a negative upon bills passed by the General Assembly; the tenure of the judges extended during "good behavior," and the Legislature required to meet annually on the first Tuesday of December, and directed to provide for the education of the poor. The Senate was to consis'tfof eighteen members, elected for four years. Northum berland, Luzerne, and Huntingdon constituted one district. Thomas Mifflin, who had served his fellow- citizens as member of the Assembly for Philadelphia, delegate to the first Continental Congress, major-gen eral in the Revolution, delegate to and President of Congress, member and Speaker of the Assembly, member of the Federal Constitutional Conventiop of 1787, president of the Supreme Executive Council and of the Constitutional Convention of 1790, was in the year last named chosen the first Governor, and was twice re-elected. Constitution of 1838.— On the 14th of April, 1834, THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS OF 1776, 1790, 1838, AND 1873. 53 the Legislature passed an act authorizing a popular vote on the question of calling a convention to revise the Constitution. Eighty -seven tb ousand five hundred and seventy votes were cast in favor, and seventy- three thousand one hundred and sixty-six against the proposition. The next year a law was approved di recting the people to choose delegates to a convention which began its sessions at Harrisburg, May 2, 1837, and, after adjournments, completed its labors Feb. 22, 1838. Samuel Royer and Cornelius Crum represented Huntingdon County. The amendments proposed were adopted by popular vote at the October elec tion. Among the important changes were reducing the senatorial term to three years ; making the Gov ernor ineligible for election more than two terms in succession ; fixing the time for the assembling of the Legislature on the first Tuesday of January ; the ap pointment of prothonotaries, recorders,' registers, and justices of the peace taken from the executive and authority to elect these officers conferred upon the qualified voters, and life tenure in office abolished. At the election at which the amendments were adopted, David R. Porter, of Huntingdon County, was chosen Governor, and, in conformity with the altered Constitution, was inaugurated on the third Tuesday of January, 1839. The new Constitution contained a provision author izing its amendment if the proposed change should receive the approval of two Legislatures in succession, followed by an affirmative vote of the qualified elec tors of the Commonwealth. By the method thus prescribed the organic law was three times amended, in 1850, 1855, and 1864. The first amendment, adopted in 1850, authorized the election of the judges by the people for the terms as prescribed in the Constitution, to wit : of the Supreme Court, fifteen years ; president of the Court of Common Pleas, and all other judges learned in the law, ten years ; asso ciate judges of the Common Pleas, five years. The first election for judges was in October, 1851. In 1857 four amendments were added. The first limited the power of the Legislature to contract debts ; re quired the creation of a sinking fund for the gradual extinguishment of the State debt; prohibited the loaning of the credit of the commonwealth to any individual, company, corporation, or association, and the Legislature from authorizing any county, city, borough, township, or incorporated district from be coming a stockholder in any company, association, or corporation, or loaning its credit thereto; the second restricted the power to erect new counties ; the third provided for a septennial apportionment of the State into representative and senatorial districts ; and the fourth conferred upon the Legislature power to change or revoke any charter of incorporation there after granted whenever it may be injurious to the people. The amendments of 1864 authorized any of the voters of the commonwealth in actual military service to exercise the right of suffrage ; prohibited the passage by the Legislature of any bills containing more than one subject, except appropriation bills, or granting any powers or privileges in any case where such authority has been conferred upon the courts. The policy of choosing the judges by popular vote was warmly discussed, and many good men held opposite views. Public sentiment demanded the change, and at the election of 1850 the amendment was adopted by the decided vote of 144,594 to 71,995. The disposition to scatter the public revenues instead of husbanding them for the payment of the public obligations met a wholesome restraint in the amend ments of 1857, while under those of 1864 the prac tice of passing bills embracing a variety of subjects in a single enactment was terminated, and the Leg islature relieved to a very great extent from the con sideration of " special bills." Constitution of 1873. — While these changes in the organic law of t{ie commonwealth restrained to a great degree vicious and unnecessary legislation, the rapid increase of wealth and population created new interests, and the ingenuity of man devised new methods of perverting the law-making power-to per sonal ends and private or corporation aggrandize ment. The people demanded a remodeling of the Constitution and the engrafting upon the funda mental law, such additional changes as the experi ence of nearly a third of a century had demonstrated would contribute to the public good. The General Assembly, June 2, 1871, acting in accord with the sentiment of the people, passed a resolution submit ting the question of calling a convention to the voters at the following general election. The feelings of the citizens were expressed with great emphasis by casting 328,354 votes in favor of a convention, to 70,205 against. Huntingdon County contributed 5453 ballots for the proposition, while only 5 were recorded against it, and in Blair County the vote stood: for, 6214, and 16 against. Backed by such an expression of the popular will, the Legislature passed an act, approved by the Governor, April 11, 1872, making provisions for the election of "del egates to a convention to revise and amend the Constitution of the State" at the following October election. For the Twenty-first Senatorial District, composed of the counties of Bedford, Fulton, Blair, and Somerset, Samuel L. Russell, of Bedford, and James W. Curry and Augustus S. Landis, of Blair, were chosen delegates ; and the Twenty-second Dis trict, composed of Centre, Juniata, Mifflin, and Huntingdon Counties, was represented by John M. Bailey and John McCulloch, of Huntingdon, and Andrew Reed, of Mifflin. The convention began its sessions at Harrisburg, November 12th ; ad journed, November 27th, to meet in Philadelphia, Jan. 12, 1873, and completed its labors in that city on the 3d day of November following. The Consti tution adopted by the convention was submitted to a vote of the people at a special election held on 54 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. the 16th day of December. It was ratified by 253,744 votes being cast in its favor, while only 108,954 were polled against it. In Huntingdon County the poll stood : for the adoption, 2468 ; against, 494 ; and in Blair : for, 1782 ; against, 2248. The new Constitution went into effect Jan. 1, 1874. Among the changes provided for by this instrument were increasing the number of representatives to two hundred, and the senators to fifty ; biennial ses sions of the Legislature after 1878 ; extension of rep resentatives' term to two, and senators to four years ; method of enacting laws prescribed, and legislative authority still further restricted ; gubernatorial term extended to four years and incumbent declared ineli gible for the succeeding term ; a Lieutenant-Gov ernor and Secretary of Internal Affairs to be chosen by the people for four years; the pardoning power of the Governor limited to such cases as may be rec ommended by a board of pardons; term of supreme judges extended to twenty-one years ; municipal debts limited; prohibition of special legislation, etc. CHAPTER XIV. IRON MANUFACTURE. Bedford Furnace.. — At an early day in the history of this region its iron ores began to attract attention, and projects for their utilization were discussed. Few of the inhabitants possessed sufficient capital to em bark in the erection of establishments for the manu facture of iron, and those who had surplus money were inclined to use it in other directions. It be came necessary to enlist capital from outside, which in due time was secured. In the fall of 1785, George Ashman and Thomas Cromwell began to take war rants for vacant lands in the valleys in the vicinity of Orbisonia, and, associating with themselves Edward Ridgely, about the same time commenced the erection of "Bedford Furnace," the first iron-smelting estab lishment west of the Susquehanna. Its location was shown to the writer some years ago by one of the old residents of Orbisonia, on the bank of the run a short distance southeast of the eastern end of Ashman Street of that borough. Its size is said to have been : bosh five feet, with a stack either fifteen or seventeen feet high.1 The capacity in production was from eight to ten tons of pig metal per week. It was run by either an overshot or undershot wheel, or both, for there were two races, one coming from Black Log Creek near Orbison's mill-race, which would in any event be undershot, and the other starting at almost the head of Camp-Meeting Run, and twisting and wind ing through twenty hills, passing in its course under two bridges, and reaching the furnace grounds at such a point and in such a manner as would call forth the admiration of modern engineers.2 The main room of the court-house that stood in Third Street, in the borough of Huntingdon, was heated by two large-sized six-plate stoves that bore the inscription " Bedford Furnace." At the Centennial Exposition a stove-plate cast at this furnace in 1792 was among the relics of the past. The Bedford Company, a few years after the erection of the fur nace, built a forge on the Aughwick Creek above Or bisonia. The product of the furnace was run into stoves and other castings, or converted at the forge into bar-iron of shapes suitable for blacksmiths' use. The surplus was at first carried overland to Pitts burgh, and it has been claimed that the first bar-iron made in this country that found its way to the market of that city was produced at this forge. On the 10th of September, 1793, Thomas Cromwell, for the com pany, advertised in the Pittsburgh Gazette that cast ings and bar-iron were for sale at the Bedford Fur nace. There now remains scarcely a trace of the location of this pioneer furnace. Barree Forge. — The next establishment erected was Barree Forge, on the north side of the Little Ju niata, about nine miles northwest of Huntingdon, then in Barree, now Porter township, Huntingdon Co. In the spring of 1794, Edward Bartholomew, of Chester County, purchased from Lazarus Brown McLane several tracts of land on the Little Juni ata, and with his son-in-law, Greenberry Dorsey, commenced the erection of Barree Forge. Its supply of pig metal was drawn from Centre Furnace for many years. This establishment was carried on with great success. A forge is still at work, and a few years ago a furnace was added. Both are yet run on charcoal. These are near the site of the ancient Minors' mill. Huntingdon Furnace. — About the year 1796 a company was formed by Mordecai Massey, Judge John Gloninger, of Lebanon, and George Anshutzto erect a furnace called "Huntingdon," on the War rior's Mark Run, in Franklin township, Huntingdon Co. The first named was the owner of the land, the second contributed money, and the third skill, acquired in the manufacture of iron in Europe. It has been said that the company commenced with one horse and a pair of oxen at the " old seat." The lo cation was not favorable, and after some time was abandoned, and another furnace was built about a mile farther down the run. Besides the persons named, Martin Dubbs and George Shoenberger were subsequently members of the company, which was known as "John Gloninger & Co.," and as "Glon inger, Anshutz & Co." This establishment, run on charcoal until the scarcity of wood led to its aban donment in 1870, was conducted with great prudence, and enriched its owners. In its early days many stoves were cast, and the familiar legend "Hunting- 1 Lytle's Huntingdon County, p. 304. * Lytle, p. 304. IRON MANUFACTURE. 55 don Furnace" may yet be seen in localities where wood is still used as fuel. Out of the necessities and profits of this establishment there grew, from time to time, a forge on Spruce Creek, built about 1800, the upper and lower Tyrone Forges, rolling-mill, slitting- mill, nail-factories, saw- and grist-mill, and Bald Eagle Furnace. As early as 1819 the furnace estate bad spread over an area exceeding forty thousand acres. Other Early Iron-Works.— Juniata Forge, on the Juniata below Petersburg, was built about 1804 by Samuel Fahnestock and George Shoenberger. It was in operation during the last year (1882). Coleraine Forge, on Spruce Creek, was commenced by Samuel Marshall in 1805. Subsequently the group of three was designated Coleraine Forges. Cove Forge was built in 1810 by John Royer. Etna Furnace and Forge were begun in 1805 by Canan, Stewart & Moore. They were located near the Juniata, in Catharine township, Blair Co. This furnace was the first erected within the limits of that county. Khoblough's bloomery, near the site of Paradise Furnace, on Trough Creek, Tod township, Huntingdon Co., was in opera tion early in the present century. About 1810 or 1811, Union Furnace, on the Little Juniata, Morris township, was built by Edward B. Dorsey (grandson of the projector of Barree Forge) and Caleb Evans. Allegheny Furnace, near Altoona, the second in age in Blair County, was built in 1811 by Allison & Henderson. In 1813, Pennsylvania, on Spruce Creek, Franklin township, was erected by John Lyon, Jacob Haldeman, and William Wallace. Springfield was built in 1815 by John and Daniel Royer, and Rebecca in 1817 by Dr. Peter Shoenberger. Both these are in Blair County. By this date the reputation of " Juniata iron" had become so well established in the markets of the country, that its manufacture became and con tinued for many years a leading industry, and many additional works were built. The following schedule of prices of nails at the Tyrone Works in June, 1819, is interesting in these days of improved machinery : Per hundred-weight, three-penny, $25; four-penny, $20; six-penny, $15; eight-, ten-, twelve-, sixteen-, and twenty-penny, $12. The production of these works was estimated in February, 1826, as follows : Furnaces. Annual Production, . in Tons. Huntingdon 1300 Pennsylvania .'.... 1200 Springfield 1100 Rebecca 900 Etna 600 Total 5100 Forges. Annual Production of Bar-Iron, in Tons. Tyrone 500 Juniata 300 Barree 300 Sligo and Coleraine 450 Cove ...:¦ 280 to 300 Etna 300 Total 2150 Maria Forge was then in operation, but did not make bar-iron. At MUlington Forge, on Spruce Creek, the manufac ture of steel was commenced by William McDermott, a Scotchman, some time between 1810 and 1820, and carried on with success until his death, which occurred about the last-named year. Here David R. Porter, afterwards Governor of the commonwealth, then en gaged in the iron business, married Josephine, daughter of Mr. McDermott. Harris' " Pittsburgh Directory" for 1837 contains a list of iron-works in Huntingdon County, as follows: On the Little Juniata. — Elizabeth Furnace and Mary Ann Forge, owned by Edward Bell ; Antes Forge, by Graham & McCamant ; Cold Spring Forge, by John Crotzer; forge by A. R. Crane (not finished in 1837) ; Union Furnace, owned by Michael Wallace, occupied by Dorsey, Green & Co. ; Barree Forge, owned by Dorsey, Green & Co. ; Tyrone Forges (two), by Wil liam Lyon & Co. ; Juniata Forge, by G. & J. H. Shoenberger.1 On the Frankstown Branch. — Alle gheny Furnace, by E. Baker & Co. ; Etna Furnace and Forge, by H. S. Spang; rolling-mill and forge, by G. Hatfield & Co. (not completed in 1837); fur nace by H. S. Spang (not completed in 1837) ; Cove Forge, by Royer & Schmucker. On the Raystown Branch. — Frankstown Furnace, by Daniel Hileman ¦* Clinton Forge, by William Hopkins & Beightel. On Stone Creek. — Greenwood Furnace, owned by Rawle & Hall ; forge owned by W. & A. Couch, leased to Rawle & Hall. On Spruce Creek. — Elizabeth Forge, by G. & J. H. Shoenberger : Pennsylvania Furnace and three Coleraine Forges, by Shorb, Stewart & Co. ; Elizabeth Forge, by Robert Moore ; Franklin Forge, by C. Wigton ; Millington Forge, by William Hopkins ; Stockdale Forge, by John S. Isett. On Shade Creek. — Rockhill Furnace, by J. M. Bell ; Winchester Fur nace, owned by T. T. Cromwell, occupied by J. M. Allen. On Aughwick Creek. — Chester Furnace and Aughwick (Forge), erected in 1837. On Warrior's Mark ifrm.— Huntingdon Furnace, by G. & J. H. Shoenberger. On Little Bald Eagle Creek. — Bald Eagle Furnace, by William Lyon & Co. On Big Trough Creek. — Mary Ann Furnace and Forge, owned by John Savage, conducted by George Thompson. On Piney Creek. — Springfield Furnace and Franklin Forge, by Samuel Royer & Co. On Clover Creek. — Rebecca Furnace, owned by Dr. Peter Shoenberger. In all, 16 furnaces, 24 forges, and 1 rolling-mill, making 13,750 tons of pig metal and 9309 tons of blooms annually. In 1855 the iron establishments of the two counties were as follows : Huntingdon County. Name. Location. Owners or Lessees. Huntingdon Furnace Franklin G. & J. H. Shoenberger. Paradise " Tod Trexler s. Haines, where the court bar was separated from the other bar and the court room by poles cut and adjusted for the purpose. Leonard obtained a large bowl from the land lady and a pint of whiskey, which he had made into punch, and thus prepared and presuming upon the familiarity acquired as stated, he approached the judge, and proffering the bowl to him, said, "Here, Tarn, take a bleer of this before you charge the jury." The judge, however, would not come down from his dignity nor imbibe from the bowl, however dry he may have been, but looked upon Pat's familiarity as a contempt of court, and ordered him to to be impris oned in the jail of the county ; whereupon Leonard was taken to a little pen made of slabs or puncheons, which stood where Miller's tannery now is, and there imprisoned for a few hours. Thus he was put in " durance vile" for no other offense than his kindness and familiarity towards his former friend and com panion the judge. Thomas Smith went the way of all flesh more than seventy-three years ago, surviving the Circuit Court only four days, but, like his contemporary, Chief Jus tice Tilghman, who survived him sixteen years, he has left a record behind him more enduring than monumental marble. So long as Pennsylvania has a judicial history the name of Thomas Smith will oc cupy an enviable position upon its early pages.1 James Riddle. — Among the first attorneys who practiced in the courts of Huntingdon County was James Riddle, of Bedford. His name appears first upon the records in 1789, the earliest now ex tant. He was probably admitted at the first court held in the county, in December, 1787. There is no record of his admission. The dockets containing the proceedings of the Court of Common Pleas prior to 1789 have been destroyed. He was the cotemporary of Hamilton, Charles Smith, Cadwallader, Duncan, Watts, Jonathan Henderson, and Richard Smith, etc. He practiced in our courts until April term, 1794, when he succeeded Thomas Smith on the bench. Governor Mifflin appointed and commissioned him president judge of the Fourth Judicial District, in which Huntingdon County was included. He pre sided until the year 1804, when he was succeeded by Thomas Cooper. But little is known of the old judges with any de gree of certainty. This is especially the case with Judge Riddle and others who were not residents of 1 Thomas Smith died March 31, 1809, aged sixty-four years. His re mains rest in the cemetery belonging to Christs Church Philadelphia. His only son, George Washington Smith, died April 22, 1876, and was buried near hie father's grave. the county. He was a brother of Samuel Riddle, a member of the Huntingdon bar. Judge Riddle resided in Bedford, and is said to have lived to be an old and feeble man. His associates on the bench were David Stewart, Hugh Davison, Benjamin Elliott, and afterwards William Steel. Thomas Cooper. — Governor McKean appointed and commissioned Thomas Cooper president judge of the Fourth Judicial District, of which Huntingdon County formed a part. His commission is not re corded in this county, and its precise date cannot be given. He held his first court in Huntingdon in November, 1804, and his last in January, 1806, holding but five terms here. In 1806 the State was redistricted into ten districts. Huntingdou County continued in the Fourth District, and Judge Cooper became the president judge of the Eighth District. Jonathan Walker. — This gentleman made his first appearance in the courts of Huntingdon County at April term, 1792, when he was admitted to prac tice. He was a resident of Northumberland County at the time of his appointment, but afterwards re moved to Bedford. After the redistricting of the State in 1806, which increased the number of the judicial districts from five to ten, he was appointed president judge of the Fourth District, composed of the counties of Mifflin, Centre, Huntingdon, and Bed ford. His commission is dated the 1st of March, 1806, issued by Governor McKean. He took the oath of office before Judge Cooper, of the Eighth District, on the 18th of March, 1806. He continued to pre side here for a period of twelve years, from April, 1806, till August, 1818, when he was succeeded by Judge Huston. Judge Walker is said to have been a learned and upright judge and a true patriot. He was the first judge in this district who doffed the wig and robe of the bench and dressed in plain citizen's clothes. Until the time when Judge Walker took a seat on the bench the powdered wig and robe were conspic uous paraphernalia of the judicial office.3 At one of Judge Walker's courts an intoxicated old soldier, who had made some disturbance iu court, was brought up before him, and ordered to jail. On being led out by the officer, he turned round to the judge and said, " Yer honor, Anthony Wayne would not have said that." The judge not hearing any thing but the name of Wayne, inquired what he said, and was told by one of the attorneys that he was one of Gen. Wayne's men, whereupon the judge at once changed his order, and the disorderly man was merely taken out and released. 2 The writer was informed some years ago by an old citizen that it was the usual custom in the early days in this county for the sheriff, consta bles, and tipstaves— the latter with their insignia of office— to escort the judges from their lodgings to the place where the court was held at to appointed hour, and back after the adjournment. This official ceremony was repeated daily until the close of the term. Before a bell was ob tained, the courts were called by the drum and fife. BENCH AND BAR. 69 The small salaries paid to the judges in those days did not place them above the annoying embarrass ments common to other classes of the community. It appears that Judge Walker was not free from pecuni ary embarrassments. The year after his appointment two judgments for considerable amounts were entered up against him, which do not appear to have been satisfied, and it is said that some of his paper, well seasoned by age, could be purchased at a discount similar to that which rules Continental scrip and Confederate currency. Jonathan Walker was the father of Robert J. Walker, a politician and statesman of prominence, who was Secretary of the Treasury of the United States, and afterwards Governor of the Territory of Kansas, appointed by President Buchanan. This is a brief record of four of the president judges of the county courts, covering a period of twenty-seven years, down to the commencement of the time of Charles Huston, 1818, a time within the memory of men now living. Next will be given sketches of a few of the associate judges, down to about the same period of time. Andrew Henderson. — One of the imperishable names in the history of Huntingdon County is that of the above-named gentleman, one of its early as sociate judges. He was appointed on the 29th of September, 1787, for a term of seven years. His com mission as associate judge is recorded on the first and second pages of the first book opened in the re corder's office, Docket A, No. 1. Mr. Henderson appears to have been one of those fortunate men who had office upon office and office after office thrust upon him. At the same time that be was appointed an associate judge, he was also ap pointed recorder of deeds in and for the county and register of wills, and on the same day he received a commission Dedimus Potestatem, and on the 15th of January, 1788, he received a commission as justice- elect for the town of Huntingdon. On the 13th of December, 1788, he was appointed prothonotary of the Court of Common Pleas. He was a member of the convention which framed the Constitution of 1790. After the adoption of that Constitution, while these commissions were all in force, Governor Mifflin, on the 11th of July, 1791, reappointed him prothono tary, clerk of the Quarter Sessions, Oyer and Ter miner, and of the Orphans' Court, and on the 13th of January, 1800, Governor McKean reappointed and commissioned him to all these offices, and he con tinued to hold them until the 28th of February, 1809, when he was succeeded by William Steel in the offices of register and recorder, prothonotary and clerk of the several courts, the appointing power having changed from Governor McKean to Governor Snyder. Mr. Henderson was on the bench as late as Sep tember term, 1790, but not later. His character as associate judge is not so conspicuous as that of a pio neer in the town and county of Huntingdon. He moulded the offices and shaped the practices in them. The offices of register and recorder he held for twenty-two consecutive years, first under the Supreme Executive Council, and afterwards under Governor Mifflin's and Governor McKean's administrations under the Constitution of 1790, and the offices of prothonotary and clerk of the several courts he held for the term of eighteen years. Mr. Henderson was popular, not only with the ap pointing powers of the State, but also with the people among whom he lived and associated. He was five times elected .chief burgess of the borough of Hun tingdon in five successive years, from 1803 to 1807, both inclusive, and again in 1809 and in 1810, thus being the chief ruler of Huntingdon for seven years. Some of the laws of the borough signed by him are still upon the ordinance-book. He erected the large brick house on the southeast corner of Allegheny and Third Streets, in Hunting don, long known as the Pennsylvania Railroad depot, prior to its removal a square farther westward. He occupied that large and commodious house with his family down to the time of his death. Nothing definite is known of the history of Mr. Henderson prior to his advent into Huntingdon. As stated elsewhere, he came from Chester County. It is probable that he had some experience in the offices connected with the courts previous to his appoint ment in this county, which was probably the reason why he was selected for the various offices which he filled. In the southeast corner of the cemetery on the hill in Huntingdon is an inclosure surrounded by a mas sive brick wall, in which rest side by side the mortal remains of Andrew Henderson, who died on the 26th day of June, 1812, in the fifty-first year of his age, and of Mary Henderson, his wife, who died on the 21st of March, 1823, in the fifty-fourth year of her age ; and also of John A. Henderson, their only son, who died on the 15th of September, 1824, in the thirty-second year of his age. Mr. Henderson, like many of the first settlers of Huntingdon, was an Episcopalian.1 Benjamin Elliott was appointed and commis sioned an associate judge of the several courts of the county by the Supreme Executive Council in 1789, of which Council he was at that time a member. He had been sheriff of Bedford County prior to the for mation of Huntingdon County, and also the first sher iff of Huntingdon County. He had been a member of the convention that framed the State Constitution of 1776, and a member of the State Convention to ratify the Constitution of the United States. He served as a member of the Supreme Executive Council in 1789 and 1790, until the 20th of December of the latter 1 See notice of Mr. Henderson in the chapter relating to military af fairs and in other places iu this volume. 70 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. year, when Thomas Mifflin became Governor and the Council expired. He was lieutenant of the county during the troubles of its early years, and in the old records he is called Col. Elliott. As an associate judge, he occupied a seat on the bench with the first three president judges of the county, and with Associate Judges David Stewart and Hugh Davison, and perhaps with others. He was also the first chief burgess of the borough of Hunt ingdon. In 1796, when the town was incorporated into a borough, he was elected to that office and served in it for three years. In the year 1800 he was elected county commissioner and served in that office a term of three years. Thus Associate Judge Elliott performed an important part in the management of the affairs of the county in its early days. Mr. Elli ott was a man of considerable wealth and influence. He was one of the " borough fathers,'' as the bur gesses and Council are called, in a double sense. He had a large family of daughters, who were married to some of the most prominent men of the town in those days, among whom were Robert Allison, David McMurtrie, Sr., William Orbison, and Jacob Miller, all of whom have passed to that "bourne from whence no traveler returns ;" but the town contains many of his grandchildren and great-grand children, who are proud of their ancestry. Mr. Elli ott and his family were members of the Episcopal Church, but some, if not all, of his daughters after wards became members of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Elliott was a man of character and influence and lived to a ripe old age. He died on the 13th of March, 1835, aged eighty-three years. His remains rest in the Huntingdon cemetery. David Stewart was appointed and commis sioned associate judge by Governor Mifflin on the 20th of August, 1791, and served in that capacity till the time of his death, which occurred between the January and the April term in 1826. At the August term of that year he was succeeded by Joseph Adams. Thus it will be seen that Judge David Stewart was on the bench for thirty-five consecutive years, the long est term of service in the county. He was on the bench with Robert Galbraith, first president judge of the county, and with Thomas Smith, Thomas Cooper, James Riddle, Jonathan Walker, and Charles Huston, president judges, through the whole of their respective terms. The associate judges on the bench with him at different times were John Canan (ap pointed at the same time with Stewart), Hugh Da vidson, Robert Galbraith, Benjamin Elliott, William Steel, and Joseph McCune, in the order in which they are here named. Judge Stewart was a plain, energetic, and practical man. He had been a member of the first board of county commissioners, elected with John Dean and James Sommerville, and he was the head of the board and left his impress upon the office. The first records of that office were kept by him, and they show him to have been an excellent penman, and to have kept a full and satisfactory record or minute of the pro ceedings of the commissioners. He was a resident of that portion of Morris, town ship which is now in Blair County and called Cath arine township. In the absence of the president judge, this associate held Courts of Quarter Sessions with other associates on the bench, tried cases and charged juries with in telligence and plain common sense, which is synony mous with common law. He was the father of John Stewart, who was also a county commissioner about half a century ago, and who was distinguished from other men of the same name as lame John Stewart; and he was also the father of Robert G. Stewart, of Water Street, and of Dr. James Stewart, of Indiana, Pa., all prominent and influential men who died many years ago. We had two other associate judges of the name of Stewart, Capt. John and Thomas F., of whom we may say a word farther on. John Canan was appointed an associate judge in 1791. He had been a prominent man in Bedford County prior to the erection of Huntingdon County, and was a member of the General Assembly at that time. He had also been a member of the Supreme Executive Council from Huntingdon County in 1787 and 1788. In 1791 and 1792 he was elected to the Assembly from Huntingdon County, and in 1794 he was chosen State senator for the district composed of the counties of Huntingdon and Bedford. Among the old archives he also figures as Col. John Canan. William Steel.— This gentleman was another of the prominent and fortunate men of the county. He was appointed an associate judge on the 2d of April, 1804, by Governor McKean. Of course he was not " learned in the law," — few of the associate judges are, and Huntingdon County has never had any who were law judges. He was an Irish gen tleman of the Covenanter faith. A great portion of his time he kept a public-house and a store, and withal did a considerable amount of surveying, and by reason of these various occupations and his social disposi tion he became extensively acquainted with the people of the county. His political aspirations did not be gin or end with his appointment to a seat on the bench. In 1796 he was elected a county commissioner by three hundred and thirty-six votes, there being only four election districts in the county at that time. In 1800 he was a candidate for the lower branch of the Legis lature, and made a respectable poll, but was defeated by James Kerr. In 1802 he was a candidate for the same office and elected, with John Blair, over Arthur Moore and Richard Smith, Mr. Steel having the highest vote of the four candidates. In 1824 he was a candidate for sheriff, and received eleven hundred and fifty-seven votes against eleven hundred and ninety-four cast for William Spear. In 1828 he was again a candidate, this time for State senator, and BENCH AND BAR. 71 carried the county by a handsome majority, but Thomas Jackson was elected in the district. Mr. Steel's popularity was continually increasing. In 1809 (Feb. 28th) he was appointed prothonotary, register and recorder, and clerk of the courts by Gov ernor Snyder, and continued to hold these offices until 1821, when he was succeeded by Richard Smith, a member of the bar. Judge Steel also had a high military title, that of general, he having been chosen major-general of the militia. Certain it is, however, that while on the bench as an associate judge, and afterwards while acting as prothonotary, he often used a military term of definite meaning. When witnesses had been sub poenaed and did not attend court, he would say, with considerable emphasis, " Send a detachment for them," or " bring them in by a detachment." This was often related by his sou, the late Maj. James Steel, as a joke upon his father, and the major would laugh heartily over it. The writer became personally acquainted with Gen. Steel in 1836, but had no acquaintance with any of the associate judges who preceded him. He was then familiarly known by the name of Gen. Steel. The name of judge, if ever known by it, was entirely super seded and merged in his military title. As associate judge he was succeeded by Joseph McCune. Mr. Steel was' a man of medium height, heavy and erect frame, communicated freely and intelligently, was kind and courteous to all, and to young men in particular, and, like his immediate predecessor, Judge Elliott, he lived to an advanced age. He left surviv ing him two brothers, namely, Samuel Steel, who had been county treasurer several times and was well known in the county, and Alexander Steel, of West township, a farmer, and two sons, James, who became a prominent member of the bar, a sketch of whom will be given in turn, and William, and six or seven daughters, all of whom are now deceased. Gen. Steel lived in the house now owned and occupied by C. C. North, on the north side of Penn Street, be tween Third and Fourth Streets, and died at his resi dence on the 12th of May, 1840, in the eighty-sixth year of his age. Down to this point in the history of the bench and bar sketches of the president judges and their associ ates have been given. It now becomes necessary to give an account of the members of the bar down to about the same period of time. Keeping in view the fact that the counties of Bed ford, Franklin, and Huntingdon having then been recently made out of parts of Cumberland, and Cum berland itself out of part of Lancaster, it is readily understood why it was that the first practicing law yers in Huntingdon were Charles Smith, of Lancas ter, James Hamilton, Thomas Duncan, and David Watts, of Carlisle, and James Riddle, of Chambers- burg, and others from still more remote counties. These attorneys of the older counties followed up the courts in the new county, and for a while monopolized its legal business. Besides these, William Bradford, Jr., Jared Ingersoll, and others, of Philadelphia, often appeared in official capacities, as United States district attorney and deputy attorney-general of the State, to prosecute cases that fell within their respective prov inces as prosecuting officers. Isaac B. Parker, of Carlisle, was sworn in our court as deputy attorney- general as late as April term, 1806, and these deputies performed the same duties that now devolve upon the district attorney. The first court was held in December, 1787, but the records, the dockets, and minute-books of the Court of Common Pleas between that date and March term, 1789, are missing, and there is a tradition that they were destroyed by Gen. William McAlevy, who ordered them to be burned, for what cause is now not known. But for this unfortunate event we could lay before our readers the names of the attorneys who attended and were sworn and admitted members of the bar at the first opening of the courts of the county. Thirty- six years ago the first court in Blair County was held at Hollidaysburg, and the attorneys from Hunting don and Bedford flocked there, with smaller crowds from Cambria and other counties, " like doves to their windows," and were sworn in as attorneys of that court under Judge Black, of the Somerset and Bed ford District, afterwards chief justice of the State. The opening of the courts in Huntingdon at the or ganization of the county, fifty-nine years earlier, no doubt presented a similar scene on a smaller scale, but the record of this is gone. Messrs. Wharton, Bradford, and Ingersoll were Philadelphians, and came to our courts on official business of the State or of the United States. Riddle and Orbison were residents of Chambersburg, the latter an uncle of William Orbison, of Huntingdon. Riddle became president judge in 1794. Hamilton, Duncan, and Watts came from Carlisle, and Smith from Lancaster. John Cadwallader was the first lawyer resi dent in Huntingdon. He was admitted at December term, 1789, on motion of James Hamilton, and seems to have had a good practice from the first down to 1807, the time of his death. He was a man of business outside of his profession as well as in it. He was elected one of the county commissioners in 1790, and served for three years. He was again elected in 1799, and served a term of three years more. In the interim between 1790 and 1799 he served part of the time as clerk to the board of commissioners, and part of the time as auditor, appointed by the court with two other gentlemen, to settle the accounts of the commissioners and treasurer. He was also the first postmaster in Huntingdon. The precise time of his appointment or the length of time that he served as postmaster cannot be ascertained at this late date, as no official record of it remains, the records of the department at Washington being con- 72 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. sumed with the general post-office building in the fire of December, 1836. The most definite information that can now be obtained is that the post-office at Huntingdon, Pa., began to render quarterly returns on the 1st of January, .1798, and that John Cadwal lader was the postmaster. He was a skillful pen man, an excellent clerk, and appears to have been an active, energetic, and useful man. Of his earlier history nothing is known to the writer. By industry and attention to business he acquired a large landed estate, much of which he disposed of in his lifetime, and his executors conveyed a portion of the residue after his death, in fulfillment of contracts made by him before his death. He owned the lots upon which the court-house was erected completed in 1842, and upon which the new one is now in pro cess of erection, and down to a short time prior to 1842 his widow aud his daughter occupied the old homestead, which was removed to give place to the court-house. By some means the family had become poor, and the title to the lots was vested in the com monwealth. Some interesting facts in the early history of the county might be given in connection with Mr. Cadwal- lader's administration of its affairs, but two or three must suffice. In the year 1800 the taxables of the county numbered 2559; the slaves, 22; the expenses of the county for that year were estimated at $3600, in cluding $800 to be paid on account of the public build ings (the court-house and jail) ; and down to the year 1795, or later, the commissioners' office was kept in a room rented from Peter Swoope for the sum of five pounds per annum. When serving as commissioner, Mr. Cadwallader made a trip to Philadelphia, and had the tax-list published for twenty-six weeks in a Phila delphia newspaper, for which the county paid sixty pounds and fifteen shillings to one Francis Bailey. The unseated land list occupied six columns of a daily newspaper. Such were the times in which Mr. Cadwallader lived. Richard Smith was a son of William Smith, D.D., the founder of the town of Huntingdon. He was born on the 25th of January, 1769, and made his first appearance in the courts of the county in 1791, having been admitted as a member of the bar at the December term of that year. His residence was at the "Cypress Cottage," then in the outskirts of the town. The island and farm connected with the cot tage were the property of Mr. Smith. West Hunt ingdon has since been built on the farm. He was a ripe scholar, had influential connections, was person ally popular, and soon occupied a prominent position at the bar. He is described by those who knew him as a large, portly man, fine-looking, and possessing the most attractive social qualities and all the elegance of a gentleman of the old school. He married Letitia Nixon Coakley, a lady of Lancaster, who was highly esteemed by all who knew her. Mr. Smith was noted for his hospitality, and many of the villagers flocked to the cottage to enjoy the shady walks beside the river for recreation. It was a pleasant resort, where the " latch-string was never pulled in," and few would come away without par taking of the hospitality of his board. Such a man would have many friends. But there is another side to this picture. While Mr. Smith was borne up by the wave of popularity, his property was gradually swept away from him by his creditors. He was elected to the Legislature, but while on his way to take his seat the sheriff served a summons on him to answer a plea of debt, and he was under the necessity of pleading his privilege, and the service was set aside. He became more and more em barrassed, and judgments were obtained against him, and court after court his real estate was under the sheriff's hammer; at one time lands amounting to eight thousand dollars, at another time eight tracts of valuable lands were sold at an enormoussacrifice. The majestic intended mansion, now the Exchange Hotel, erected by him, the rival of the house erected oppo site to it by Andrew Henderson, was sold in an unfinished state, and purchased by the order of Free masons for about ten per cent, of its original cost. His library, too, had been levied upon and sold. Mr. Smith's mind was now pursued by a phantom, — is there a man who is not at some period haunted by some phantom or other? Mr. Smith's was the dread of poverty, perhaps the commonest spectre that haunts the human mind. Perhaps poverty was a reality staring him in the face. How few men who have had palmy days can bear up under adversity! He per ceived that his property had imperceptibly wasted away, and to increase his terrors there was a lawsuit against him that had been pending many years,"now to be tried at a special court. The claimant was a relative of Mr. Smith by marriage. He dreaded the final issue, though convinced that justice was on his side. At length the dreaded day arrived. The cause was called, the jury impaneled, and the trial pro ceeded. His adversary taunted him and charged him with dishonesty. Mr. Smith rose to repel the insult, while every limb shook, and charged his adversary with falsehood. All was confusion. The judges in terfered to preserve order. The excited defendant heard them not. He was commanded to sit down, but he still persisted to vindicate his character. A second and a third time he was called upon to sit down and be silent, which awakened him to a sense of his position. He slowly sank into his seat, and, as if abashed, his head hung over his bosom, and gradually descended till it rested on the desk before him. Order was again restored, and the court pro ceeded to business.. A few moments after, John Wil liamson, who was sitting near Mr. Smith, approached him, and on raising him he was found to be dead. • The consternation and dismay caused by this death may be imagined, but cannot be described. Thus died Richard Smith, one of the most BENCH AND BAR. 73 prominent of the early members of the Huntingdon bar, a gentleman of learning and ability, of wealth and friends, whose sources of enjoyment were almost boundless, his home a little paradise. The verdict in the case on trial at the time of the death of Mr. Smith was in his favor. The case was tried September 26th till Oct. 1, 1823 ; verdict for the defendant. Motion for a new trial overruled Oct. 3, 1823. Richard Smith was elected to the lower house of the Legislature in 1803. In February, 1821, after he met with his financial embarrassment, he was ap pointed to the offices of register and recorder by Governor Heister, and served until the time of his death, which occurred on the 1st of October, 1823. His age was fifty-four years, eight months, and six days. He never had any children. He was the brother of Thomas Duncan Smith, M.D., one of the first asso ciate judges, who was about eight years older than Richard, and died in July, 1789. One massive mar ble slab covers the graves of these two brothers, with this inscription upon it,- — " In life united in brotherly love, In death they are not divided." Robert Allison was one of the members of the bar of this county connecting the past with the present century in his career. He was a native of Franklin County, read law with Richard Smith, and was admitted a member of the Huntingdon bar, on motion of Mr. Smith, at April term, 1798. He took up his residence at Huntingdon, became prominent at the bar, and had a large and profitable practice for some thirty years or more. As a gentleman and lawyer, 'Mr. Allison justly ranked high. He was a man of considerable wealth and influence, connected by marriage with several of the most influential families in the county. He was a man of good understanding, but he was not eloquent. Neither be nor his cotemporary members of the bar resident in Huntingdon at that period excelled in oratory. In almost all important cases lawyers from abroad were associated in the trial of them with the resident attorneys, and generally the arguments to the juries were made by the attorneys from abroad. Among these were Jonathan Walker and Charles Huston, who were afterwards judges, and Hamilton, Duncan, and Watts, of Carlisle, Elias W. Hale, of Lewistown, and, later, Alexander, of Carlisle, and Potter and Blanchard, of Bellefonte. Mr. Allison was several times a candidate for Con gress, and carried Huntingdon County against John Mitchell and John Brown, and in 1830 he was elected over John Scott. The district was composed of the counties of Huntingdon, Mifflin, Centre, and Clear field. The vote stood: For Allison, 4776; and for Scott, 3898. John Scott was the father of John Scott, United States senator from March 4, 1869, to March 4, 1875. While Mr. Allison was filling a high office, assist ing in making laws for the nation, he did not despise small things, but was also assisting in making laws for the borough of Huntingdon, and enforcing them in the capacity of chief burgess. He was first elected burgess in 1815, and again in 1817, 1819, and from 1821 to 1824, both inclusive, and again in 1826 and in 1830, thus serving for nine years, the longest period ever served by any man in that office, two years in excess of the service of his brother-in-law, Andrew Henderson. Mr. Allison was a man of medium size, well pro portioned, fair complexion, and fine presence. He married a daughter of Judge Elliott, of Huntingdon, and reared a large family of daughters. In his later years he was afflicted with apoplexy, which affected his speech to such an extent as to render it difficult to understand him. He died on the 2d of December, 1840, aged sixty-five years and eight months. His residence at the time of his death was at No. 523 Penn Street, which at the time of its erection was considered the best in the place. William Orbison was the son of Thomas Or bison, who resided on a farm owned by him in York (now Adams) County, on the Maryland line, a part of his land extending into that State, and was during the Revolutionary war a captain of militia, and served until the end of the war. His grandfather was also- named Thomas. He had emigrated from Ireland about the year 1740, and purchased land in Franklin County (then Lancaster), on which he resided till the time of his death. William Orbison was born in Adams County, Pa., on the 20th of June, 1777, and resided with his family and was engaged in farming until August, 1794, when he commenced to learn " the languages," as it was then called, with Rev. Alexan der Dobbins, near Gettysburg; continued at school until January, 1797, having in that time read all the authors usually read at such institutions. The greater portion of 1797 and 1798 he spent in Virginia, teach ing " the languages'' to children in private families. After successively keeping a small store for Rev. John Breckenridge in Washington City and teaching school in Hanover, he became dissatisfied, and at the solici tation of his uncle, James Orbison, of Chambers- burg, he commenced reading law with him in April, 1799 ; read till Aug. 6, 1801, when he was examined and admitted to the bar on the usual certificates of competency, etc. On the 25th of the same month he arrived at Huntingdon, and on the next day was ad mitted an attorney in the courts of Hu ntingdon County. After visiting friends in Chambersburg and in Adams County, he returned on the 19th of October, and from thenceforth he was a citizen of Huntingdon until the time of his death. On the 6th of October, 1808, he married Eleanor, daughter of Benjamin Elliott. Mr. Elliott was one of the associate judges of Huntingdon County. Mr. Orbison was a good lawyer, entirely safe and trust- 74 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. worthy, and transacted a large share of business with out much display in court. Down to the time when his son William P. was admitted to the bar, in November, 1835, the old gentleman kept his place on the list of attorneys, doing his own legal business and that of a few friends, but after that date Kis son took his place, and has filled it for many years. He was the presi dent of the old Huntingdon Bank. Mr. Orbison was a fine-looking man, about five feet six inches in stature, of elastic gait, fair and florid complexion, lively, agreeable, and instructive in con versation, an able and piquant writer, and a gentle man of the " old school," the last of our citizens to doff the cue fashionable in olden times. He never aspired to any political position, never was a candi date for the honors or emoluments of office, but he was nevertheless well informed as to all that was in volved in party struggles, and took an active part in them, often furnishing the resolutions for political meetings of the Old-Line Whig party, and many a terse and pointed article for the press, both in prose and verse, emanated from his pen. In 1815, Mr. Orbison commenced the building of the house on the northwest corner of Penn and Third Streets where his son William P. now resides, and in the fall of 1816 he moved into it, and continued to reside there till the day of his death. In the more advanced years of his life Mr. Orbison was a very exemplary Christian, a member of the Presbyterian Church, and a liberal contributor to the •cause of religion. He died on the 23d of August, 1857, at the mature age of eighty years, two months, and three days. His widow died in February, 1865. Of course the loss of such a couple was much la mented. William R. Smith. — Prominent among the mem bers of the Huntingdon bar admitted in the first decade of the present century and resident in the ¦county was William Rudolph Smith. He was the son of William Moore Smith, and grandson of Wil liam Smith, D.D. He studied law with James Mil- nor, of Philadelphia, who afterwards went to New York, and there became a well-known Episcopal clergyman. He was admitted to the bar at Hunt ingdon at November term, 1808. He was of a wealthy and influential family, possessed great natural ability, was highly educated, fluent of speech, and in every way well qualified for the transaction of business, and was not long in acquiring a large and lucrative prac tice. He was, however, but a few years at the bar till he turned his attention to politics, to the evident prejudice of his practice. In 1812, but four years after his admission, he became a candidate for the State Senate. In 1822 he was again a candidate for that office, and was elected in the room of Michael Wallace, resigned. In 1825, Mr. Smith was elected ±o the House of Representatives over Peter Cassidy at a special election, and at a general election the same year he was again a candidate, with John Ash man, but they were defeated by Matthew Wilson and Joseph Adams. At the special election he was elected by a majority of two votes only, the vote standing : For Smith, six hundred and thirty-three ; and for Cassidy, six hundred and thirty-one. A friend of Cassidy, meeting Smith a day or two after the result was known, reproachfully cast it up to him that he had been elected by only two majority. Smith, with.the most dignified wave of the hand, aud in the blandest manner, replied, "My friend, one is as good as a thousand!" Mr. Smith ranked high as a legislator in both branches of the Legislature. Although popular at home and abroad as a man and as a politician, he, like other prominent men, had his troubles and his quarrels, as such men have in the present age. In 1826 he found it necessary to insti tute actions of libel against two printers and editors, but, like many other suits for libel, these were never tried, but permitted to slumber and to sleep that sleep which knows no waking, the mere institution of the suits probably having had the desired effect of silenc ing the batteries of these disciples of Faust. In the fall of the same year he also prosecuted Charles Raymond for libel, which resulted in a conviction and a small fine and costs. This grew out of articles written by Raymond, and printed in a newspaper Called the Republican Advocate, against Mr. Smith while a candidate for Assembly, by reason of which publication he was defeated. He was also a brigadier- general of the militia. Gen. Smith married Miss Eliza Anthony, a very excellent lady. He resided in the stone house on the northeast corner of Third and Allegheny Streets, which has undergone many changes since, and has been for a long time known as the "Morrison House," in which the county offices are now temporarily lo cated, awaiting the completion of the new court-house. Some years after the death of his first wife, Gen. Smith married Mary Van Dyke, a niece of Mrs. Richard Smith. After he left Huntingdon he lived in Bedford for a number of years. A gentleman who knew him during his long residence in Bedford speaks of him as a dignified, high-toned, and talented old gentleman, but somewhat eccentric. From Bedford he moved to Mineral Point, Wis., where he performed much literary labor, and among other works wrote a history of Wisconsin in four volumes. The whole of this family of Smiths naturally inclined to literary pur suits. Richard Penn Smith, a brother of Wil liam R., became a popular dramatist and writer of fiction. Gen. Smith is said to have been a man of remark ably fine form and features. An old citizen says he was the handsomest man he ever saw, and another pronounced him the most accomplished man that ever lived in Huntingdon. He was cashier of the old Huntingdon Bank. Subsequently he became involved in debt, and: his property passed under the sheriff's hammer, after BENCH AND BAR. 75 which he received an appointment as a government official, which took him to Wisconsin, as above stated, where he died in August, 1868. Thomas Montgomery was enrolled an attorney of the courts of Huntingdon County at November term, 1811. He came from Lancaster, and had probably been admitted there shortly before that date. He occupied a place at the bar of this county for thirty-seven years, yet he never seemed to enter into the practice with his whole heart and soul, as many a young man has been known to do. His name appears to about as many suits as that of any other member of the bar, and yet he never appeared to have had confidence or courage sufficient to try a case without assistance from some of his brethren of the bar, and as he grew older his lack of confidence seemed to grow upon him. A lady from Lancaster, of much intelligence, who knew him in his youth, often spoke of him in the kindest terms. She repre sented him as a young gentleman who had no taste or inclination for the study or the practice of the law, but his friends and relatives persuaded or forced him into it; that they were proud and influential people, and believed that the road to honor and wealth and distinction led right through the legal profession. This would no doubt account for much in his history that might otherwise be a mystery, and it shows at the same time the error of forcing young men into avocations which are not congenial to their natures. As a lawyer, Mr. Montgomery never attained much eminence. If he ever had any ambition it led in a different direction. For such a man the bar had no attractions, and his whole nature would have to un dergo a change before he could prove a success. He was a most amiable aud inoffensive man, and the charcter of his mind could be read in his finely-chis eled countenance by any one who had the faintest conception of physiognomy. In person he was tall and well proportioned, approximating six feet in height, and perfectly erect to the last. In politeness he was unexcelled by Chesterfield himself, and the young man who was studying that master could well afford to lay him aside and learn from the living ex ample. His complexion was pallid to a degree ap proaching whiteness, and his hair was abundant and of a bright silvery hue, but seemed in harmony with the entire composition of the man ; and although he would have changed his hair to any color rather than have it white in his early years, he seemed proud of it in his advanced years, and would habitually run his fingers through it and over it with apparent satis faction. He was a bachelor, and lived not by himself, but at some tavern during term time, and often spent his va cations with the farmers on the "Branch," and par ticularly with the Norrises, whom he esteemed very highly. His favorite beverage was buttermilk, and some of the farmers' wives and daughters whom he visited nicknamed him "Buttermilk Tommy." He could call for this luxury with so much politeness and drink it with such a relish that it was a pleasure to wait upon him, to say nothing of the flattery which he bestowed upon the gift and the giver. Many of the lawyers now do not indulge in this wholesome drink. And then he was so clever and polite at the table that his host, the landlord, could hardly dispense with his services. No man understood the anatomy of a fowl better than he did, and he took delight in carving for all the guests, and a better carver than the " counsel lor" never put a knife to a joint or slipped a choice tid bit to his own plate in a more apparently accidental manner. Yet he did it chiefly for the love of the art of carving. He was, to use a word he frequently used, " abstemious," and a man of moderate appetite. He never was a candidate for any office, and never meddled in politics any further than to vote for his friends, irrespective of party, and to do all he could for his favorites without traducing opposing candi dates. He had many good traits. He had a good heart and a contented mind, and he had none of that sel fishness which is so common in bachelors in advanced life. He died at the house of his old friend, Jacob Miller, after a short illness, on Christmas-day, 1848. He left no heirs to dispute about his estate, and no estate to dispute about. Soon after his death a far- out relative inquired "what estate the late Mr. Mont gomery had left," and looked disappointed when he was told that the late Mr. Montgomery died his own administrator. The members of the bar, at the in stance and suggestion of Messrs. Cremer and Petrikin, put up tombstones to mark his grave, near the south western corner of the cemetery. He was born in 1785, and died Dec. 25, 1848, aged sixty-three years. Mention will now be made of President Judges Huston, Burnside, and Woodward, followed by the members of the bar who flourished while these judges occupied seats on the bench. Charles Huston was admitted to practice in the several courts of Huntingdon County in August, 1796, on motion of Jonathan Walker. He had been ad mitted one year before iu Lycoming County, which was then a new county, formed out of part of old Northumberland. Mr. Huston had a large practice as a land lawyer here and in his own and other coun ties until 1818, when he was appointed to the presi dent judgeship of this district by Governor Find lay. He succeeded Jonathan Walker. The district was the same in which he had practiced, composed of the counties of Bedford, Huntingdon, Mifflin, North umberland, and Lycoming, and by that time it had become populous, and the lists of causes in each county were large, and he held adjourned courts fre quently. He maintained the dignity of the court, and made examples of several disorderly persons in this county. Among others were the following : In 1820 a man was sent to jail for three hours for saying to a prisoner on trial for murder, in the hearing of other 76 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. persons, "You have a gallows-look." In 1821 a juror impaneled, becoming intoxicated and incapable of serving, was sentenced to pay a fine of five dollars. Two years afterwards a' man not a juror was fined sixty-six cents and imprisoned in the jail until the next morning at eight o'clock for disorderly conduct. Judge Huston's associates on the bench were David Stewart and Joseph McCune. In 1826 he was placed on the bench of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, appointed by Governor Shulze. His tenure of office was for life, or during good behavior; but theamended Constitution of 1838 changed this, and his commission expired in 1845. After his commission expired, at the age of seventy- five years, when old age had blunted his mind and en feebled his body, he wrote his book entitled " Huston on Land Titles in Pennsylvania," which was pub lished in 1849. The book is the most complete history of land titles in Pennsylvania that has been published, but its publication was delayed too long, and the work did not come up to the expectations of the author's friends or of the legal profession. Judge Huston resided in Bellefonte during his judgeship, and afterwards till the time of his death. In person he was tall and athletic, and possessed more than ordinary power, regular features, and keen dark eyes. He had a remarkable memory, and could in most cases repeat the testimony, word for word, as it was detailed by the witnesses, without notes. He was somewhat eccentric in manner, and blunt and emphatic in expression. Many anecdotes could be told of him, but space will not permit. His character as a jurist is well known to Pennsyl vania lawyers, especially to those of advanced age and it is unnecessary to dwell further upon it. In early life he determined to master the law, and how well he succeeded is fully attested by the record of his riper years. Thomas Burnside was a resident of Bellefonte* where he had settled down in his early manhood having come from one of the eastern counties of the State. He was of Irish descent, but of his parentage and boyhood little is known. He was admitted as an attorney at Huntingdon at April term, 1804, and con tinued to attend the courts of the county and had a considerable practice until August term, 1826, when he was appointed president judge of the Fourth Judicial District, composed of the counties of Centre Clearfield, Mifflin, and Huntingdon, and afterwards, when Clinton County was erected, it was added to the district. He was appointed by Governor Shulze to succeed Judge Huston, who had been appointed to the Supreme Court in the preceding April. Prior to his appointment as judge he had been an active politician in the Democratic party. In 1815 he was elected to Congress at a special election in the district composed of the counties of Huntingdon, Cen tre, Mifflin, Clearfield, and McKean. In 1824 he was elected to the State Senate from the Thirteenth Dis trict, composed of Lycoming, Centre, Clearfield, Mc Kean, and Potter. He was chosen Speaker of the Senate, and filled the chair until the commencement of the session of 1826. BENCH AND BAR. 77 Judge Burnside succeeded Judge Huston on the bench of the Common Pleas and also on the bench of the Supreme Court, and stepped into his shoes in 1826 and again in 1845, being his immediate successor in both instances. In 1841 he resigned his judgeship here, and Governor Porter appointed him to another in Montgomery County, and George W. Woodward was appointed his successor in this district. On the 2d of January, 1845, Judge Burnside was appointed a judge of the Supreme Court, and he served in that capacity until the time of his death in March, 1851. He was succeeded in that court by Judge George W. Woodward. As a Common Pleas judge, he was regarded as able, upright, and impartial, and he administered equal and exact justice between man and man, and as a criminal judge he was a terror to evil-doers. But he had no printed rules regulating the practice in. his courts. He had a few rules which he carried in his head or in a private book, and a few rules or standing orders were scattered through the dockets, and but few of the attorneys knew anything of them. The business in this county accumulated to such a degree that suits could rarely be reached and tried inside of two years from the time of their institution. His opinions in the Supreme Court were generally brief and pointed. In manner he was rude and blunt. His personal appearance, too, was against him, and he did not seem to care about improving it by dress or toilet. He died on the 25th of March, 1851, much la mented by his numerous friends and by the legal profession in general. George W. Woodward once adorned the judicial bench of Huntingdon County. He succeeded Thomas Burnside in April, 1841, as president judge of the Fourth Judicial District, composed of the counties of Huntingdon, Mifflin, Centre, Clearfield, and Clinton. He was regarded as one of the best judges appointed by Governor Porter. The Fourth Judicial District was at that time the largest and most burdensome one in the State, and the pending cases had accumu lated to such an extent that the delay occasioned thereby amounted almost to a denial of justice. At the time of his appointment Judge Woodward was a practicing attorney at Wilkesbarre, Luzerne Co. He had been a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1837-38, and although he was one of the youngest members of that body, he soon gained the honorable distinction of a leader of his party in that connection, and attracted considerable attention throughout the State by the clearness and ability which characterized his speeches. In 1845 he was nominated for United States sena tor, and was defeated by Simon Cameron. In De cember of the same year President Polk appointed him judge of the Supreme Court of the United States, but the Senate rejected him. While his nomination was pending before the Senate a meeting of the Huntingdon bar was con vened, without distinction of party, and resolutions were adopted urging his confirmation. Two of the resolutions were as follows : " 1st. That the Hunting don bar entertains the kindest recollections of the character and example of the Hon. G. W. Woodward while he was with us, no less for his civic virtues than for his judicial firmness and amenity. 2d. That from our knowledge of the man we confidently as sure the profession throughout the United States that the recent appointment has added to the bench of the Supreme Court a jurist, a scholar, and a gentleman who will fully sustain the reputation of the high tri bunal of which he is now a member." He appeared to have a tide of ill luck against him in 1845, but in 1852 he was chosen to the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, and served a full term of fif teen years, ending in 1867 as chief justice. After wards he was twice elected to Congress from the Lu zerne district, and was an able and prominent mem ber of that body. His last public position was that of a delegate to the late Constitutional Convention which framed the present Constitution of the State, his first and his last public position being that of a framer of Consti tutions for his native State. Judge Woodward held his first court in this county in April, 1841. At that time he was tall and slender, measuring more than six feet in height, and very erect, with high forehead and blue eyes, evincing depth of thought, and his whole countenance and manner de noted more than ordinary intellect and firmness. He remained here only one year. Judge Woodward died at Rome, Italy, in May, 1875, while sojourning in that far-off country. John Blanchard was a resident of Bellefonte. He was admitted an attorney in this county at April term, 1815. He had been admitted at York, Pa., on the 31st of March of that year. He was an Eastern man, reared and educated in New England, a gradu ate of Yale College, and thoroughly imbued with Puritanical principles. He located in Bellefonte while yet a young man, and secured a good practice in Centre County and soon extended it into adjoining counties. For many years he was an attendant upon our courts, and par ticipated in most of the important trials that took place here. He was one of Robert Campbell's attor neys in the case of the Commonwealth against him for libel upon Governor Porter. His colleagues in that case were Samuel Alexander, of Carlisle, and John G. Miles, of Huntingdon. Mr. Blanchard had all his life been an opponent of the Democratic party. He had grown gray in that opposition. No wonder, therefore, that he should in 1844 receive the unanimous nomination of the Whig party for Congress. The district was composed of the counties of Centre, Huntingdon, Mifflin, and Juniata, every county being represented. The conference nominated him by acclamation. John G. Miles, who 78 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. was his brother-in-law, had many friends in this county, and the conferees from this county would have voted for his nomination, but he declined in favor of Mr. Blanchard, thus making a sacrifice which not many men are willing to make. Dr. Joseph Hen derson, of Mifflin County, was his competitor. Hunt ingdon County gave Mr. Blanchard a majority of thirteen hundred and thirty-one, and he carried the district by three hundred and ninety-six majority. In 1846, Mr. Blanchard was again nominated and elected to Congress over A. P. Wilson, of Huntingdon. Mr. Blanchard was not noted for much speaking in Congress, although he was not entirely silent. He made a speech upon the tariff question which at tracted considerable attention at the time. His voice was feeble, but his fellow-members soon discovered that there was something in him, and they gathered around him to hear what he had to say. His speech on that occasion abounded in wit and humor, as well as in sound and forcible argument, characteristic of Mr. Blanchard. Mr. Blanchard was a man of good talents, but of very ordinary personal appearance. He was a long headed and long-faced man in a literal and natural sense. He was about five feet eight or nine inches high, thin and pale. For a long time he was in ill health, and labored under bodily and mental depres sion, but he recovered from this and " was himself again." Towards the latter part of his life his voice in some measure failed him, but his mind remained clear to the last. William W. Potter was admitted an attorney of the courts of this county on the 10th of August, 1815, while Judge Walker still presided. He was a resi dent of Bellefonte, and had been admitted in Centre County a short time before he became a member of the Huntingdon bar. He was of very comely and commanding appear ance when his manhood was fully developed, a man of fine features, very black hair, and pleasant address. His weight probably approximated two hundred pounds, and he was well proportioned. He was very earnest and energetic, a good orator, and became very prominent at the bar, and had a full practice in Cen tre County, and his professional engagements fre quently called him to Huntingdon, where he was en gaged in many important causes, and he became a very successful practitioner. He often indulged in sophistry so refined and ingenious as to puzzle courts and juries with his plausible but fallacious reasoning, and this sometimes enabled him to make " the worse appear the better cause," and always rendered him a dangerous adversary in the trial of cases. Some twenty years after his admission to the bar he was called into the political arena, and became prominent and influential in the Democratic party. In 1836 he was a candidate for Congress in the district composed of the counties of Centre, Huntingdon, and Mifflin. His principal competitor was John William son, of Huntingdon, a popular politician in what was then denominated the Democratic Anti-Masonic party, the regular nominee of that party. John Ash man, of Three Springs, was also a candidate, being nominated by a small party on what they were pleased to call " the People's ticket." The vote stood in this county: For Potter, 1793 ; for Williamson, 1922 ; and for Ashman, 181. Mr. Potter had a majority in the district. His first term in Congress proved satisfac tory to his party, and in 1838 he was again nominated and elected by a small majority over James Irvin, of Centre County. He died in 1839, and a special election was held in November of that year to fill his unexpired term, when George McCulloch was elected. At August sessions, 1839, the famous prosecution of Robert Campbell for libel was tried. The alleged libel was a letter written by the defendant, Campbell, the successor of Porter in the prothonotary's office, to Ner Middlesworth, a prominent politician of Union County, in March, 1838, while Porter was a candidate for Governor, charging that Porter, the prosecutor, was discharged as an insolvent debtor in 1819, and that he afterwards, while in charge of the records, purloined the schedule of his property, debts, etc. As already stated in the preceding sketch, the defendant was represented by Miles, Alexander, and Blanchard. Governor Porter had employed and brought here George W. Barton, of Philadelphia, and Mr. Potter to assist Alexander Gwin, the prosecuting attorney. Mr. Barton was noted for his eloquence and ability as a lawyer. After the evidence was all in he commenced the opening argument for the commonwealth, and spoke for four hours, pouring out a perfect torrent of declamation, and after Messrs. Alexander and Blan chard argued the case of the defense with their usual ability, Mr. Potter made the concluding speech for the prosecution with such consummate skill and power, and with aglow of eloquence and a vigor of logic that totally eclipsed his city colleague, and left him to the small honors of a tin trumpet sound as compared with the clear bugle blasts of Mr. Potter. The argu ments in this exciting case were doubtless the grand est display of oratory ever exhibited in this county. Mr. Potter was then in good health and spirits, and apparently in the full vigor of ' manhood, but was stricken down suddenly before another court was held in the county. James Steel was born on the 13th of January, 1796. After he grew to a proper age he was sent to the school under the tutorship of Rev. John Johtb1 ston, where he learned to read Latin, — how little or how much is not known, nor is it now material to know. He was a smart boy, such as in common par lance at this day would be called " fast," and was full of mischievous but not malicious tricks. His father, William Steel, held the offices of prothonotary and clerk of the courts, and James, while yet a lad, was put in as clerk and afterwards as deputy, and did BENCH AND BAR. 79 good, service in the offices. His father also kept a store and a tavern, and the boy, or young man, as they would now say, had fine opportunities of extend ing his acquaintance and developing his character, and he improved them. At times the father would become impatient with the son and rebuke him for his waywardness, and threaten to "bind him out to a trade," and upon one occasion actually took him by the arm and was leading him to the shop of David Snyder, a hatter, to bind him an apprentice to learn that art and trade. But while on the way by the merest accident they met Robert Allison, a gentleman who knew James and liked him. Upon being made acquainted with the mission on which they had started, Mr. Allison interposed and said, " Gen. Steel, let me have the boy, and I will make a lawyer of him." The father thought it hardly worth while, — the boy would not have application enough, — but finally consented to let him try it. After the usual course of study he was duly examined and admitted, on motion of his preceptor, on the 18th of August, 1818. He was well qualified to practice. He was in himself a book of legal forms. Having been clerk in the office of the county commissioners and in the office of an attorney of ex tensive and varied practice, and clerk in the prothono tary's and register and recorder's offices, he was famil iar with all the legal forms, and being at the same time an excellent and expert penman, he proved to be one of the best of scriveners. His professional business con- , sisted chiefly in Orphans' Court practice and scriven- . ing. He had a memory, too, that enabled him to refer ! to precedents in the courts and in the offices of the county, — an endowment which will save a vast amount of perplexing trouble and time in the preparation of legal documents. In the course of his long practice he was counsel for the county commissioners for many years, and counsel for Sheriffs James Henderson, Thomas Lloyd, and Joseph Higgins, and perhaps others, and made as few mistakes as any other man who ever acted in those capacities. He was always regarded as a safe counselor. By some means he acquired the name of major, and was better known by that title than by his Christian name. In fact, almost every prominent citizen of the town and county at that time was the happy pos sessor of some military title, but many of them could not show a commission conferring that distinction. Maj. Steel had all the elements of popularity within himself. He was generous to a fault, frank, truthful, warm-hearted, easily accessible, and con fiding. He was, moreover, full of good nature, wit, and humor, fond of cracking jokes, and he told anec dotes with a great deal of vim and zest. The first record we have of his political or official life is in 1819, one year after his admission to the bar, when he was elected county auditor over Conrad Bucher. In 1827 he was elected county commis sioner over John Owens. In the early part of 1839, Governor Ritner appointed him prothonotary before he left the executive chair, and the incoming Gov ernor (Porter) appointed John Cresswell to the same office. Many similar appointments were made by the outgoing and the incoming Governors, and when the question was taken into court Porter's appoint ments were sustained. The Constitution of 1838 had just become operative, and this question as to the appointing power grew out of a section in it. Mr. Steel was ousted, and the office was given to John Cresswell. In the fall of the same year (1839) the same two gentlemen were candidates for the same office, nominees of their respective parties, the office having become elective, and Steel was elected over Cresswell by a vote of 2321 to 2159. He served out his third term till December, 1848. He was more than six feet high, thin in flesh, his eyes were gray and searching, his face always clean shaved, without whiskers, and his hair well set, but gray, and his general demeanor was gentlemanly, polite, and affable. In his early years he manifested some wildness, but in the flower of manhood he was converted and joined the Methodist Episcopal communion, and be came an exemplary Christian. In or about the year 1834 he married Miss Eliza Rothrock, of Bellefonte, a Methodist lady, whom he met at a camp-meeting some time before. Their home soon became the head quarters of the circuit preachers, and the major and his good lady were noted for their generous hospi tality. Many amusing stories could be told about Maj. Steel, but space will not permit. However, one little pious anecdote of which he was the subject must be mentioned. The old Steel family were " Cov enanters," and were not pleased that the major had left the faith of his fathers and joined the Methodist Church. Soon after he joined the church he visited his uncle, Alexander Steel, in the country, who asked him to conduct the family worship, which was accord ingly done. The next morning his uncle said to him, " Well, Jeems, you made a pretty good prayer, but it was wonderfully scattered." He never practiced outside of his own county, never traveled much except to camp-meetings and conferences. He was domestic in his habits and tastes and of high social qualities, and took great interest in the cause of temperance and moral reform. He died at his residence in Huntingdon on the 26th day of December, 1868, aged seventy-two years, " re tiring in the hope of a glorious resurrection." John G. Miles was a member of the Huntingdon County bar in active practice for about fifty years. He was admitted on the 15th of August, 1821, and continued in practice till about the year 1871. He also attended the courts in Centre, Cambria, and Blair Counties, and had a large and lucrative prac tice down to the date of his retirement from the bar. He resided in Huntingdon during all this time, and was a highly-respected citizen and well known 80 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. throughout the county. He was a close student, an industrious practitioner, and expended a great deal of labor in the preparation of his cases as well as in the trial of them. From July 31, 1837, George Tay lor (afterwards judge) was in partnership with Mr. Miles in the practice of law until August, 1843, when Mr. Taylor retired and William Dorris, Jr., took his place, and the law firm continued to be Miles & Dorris until November, 1872, the date of Mr. Miles' retirement and removal to Peoria, 111. He was not a politician, but adopted the Anti- Masonic and Whig doctrines in early life, and ad hered to them unwaveringly, and in 1856 naturally glided into the Republican party with the body of the Whig party in the North. He was always very decided in his political convictions and preferences. In 1840 his party, without any solicitation on his part, nominated him for the lower branch of the State Legislature and elected him. He received one hundred and twenty-two votes more than Joseph Higgins, his colleague, and was elected over his highest competitor by more than a thousand majority. The next year there was one of those strange period ical revulsions, and he and his colleague were de feated by small majorities. In 1843 he was a member of the State Committee of his party. Mr. Miles was strictly honest in politics as well as in all things else. In 1856 he was chairman of the Republican County Committee, and conducted the first Republican campaign in the county, that of Fremont vs. Buchanan and Fillmore. At the end of a vigorous campaign he had some of the funds left which had been furnished by the State Committee, which he actually paid over to that committee. This may appear incredible to modern politicians, and es pecially to chairmen of county committees, but it is nevertheless true; he rendered an account of his dis bursements, and accompanied it with the cash on hand all the same as if he had been under bonds to do so. Perhaps the above will not appear so marvelous to congressional aspirants as the following : In 1844 he was the choice of his party in the county for Con gress, and the conferees were instructed for him, but he declined in favor of his brother-in-law, John Blanchard, who received the nomination and was elected. In the spring of 1841, while returning home from Harrisburg at the end of the legislative session, Mr. Miles met with a serious accident, and narrowly es caped a sudden and awful death. It was published in some of the newspapers that he was so severely in jured that he survived but a few moments. He was traveling in a packet-boat, and in entering a lock a sudden jar threw him into the lock, where he was caught between the walls of the lock and the railing of the boat and shoved or rolled by the progress of the boat. The presence of mind and the activity of some of the persons present, however, saved him to continue a life of usefulness. Thus he was one of the few who are permitted to live long enough to see their own death announced in the newspapers. He was the attorney of the late Dr. Peter Shoen berger, who also appointed him one of his executors. Mr. Miles became the acting executor of that large estate, and devoted much time and attention to the settlement of it. The late firm of Miles & Dorris were the resident counsel and attorneys for the Pennsyl vania Railroad Company, and served the company faithfully and well. Mr. Miles was born March 13, 1797, in Centre County, and died at the residence of his son, Dr. B. Fullerton Miles, in Peoria, 111., on the 27th of Sep tember, 1877, in the eighty-first year of his age. His remains were brought to Huntingdon. A massive granite rock, weighing eight thousand pounds, marks the spot in the cemetery where his dust is mingled with that of the earth. Augustus K. Cornyn was a native of Perry County, Pa. He came to Huntingdon in the spring or summer of 1840, prospecting for a good place to locate, etc., and then returned to New Bloomfield until September, when he made his second appear ance here and opened an office in McCahan's Row (now Cunningham's), and published a card announc ing that he and Isaac Fisher, of Lewistown, were in partnership in the practice of law in Huntingdon. He was admitted to practice at Huntingdon on the 9th of November, 1840. The partnership announced did not continue long, for in December, 1840, Mr. Cornyn changed his advertisement, and he was doing business alone in the same place; and Mr. Fisher moved his office from Lewistown to Huntingdon in December, 1843, and entered into partnership with John Williamson. In January, 1842, Mr. Cornyn married Miss Ellen Anderson, sister of John P. Anderson, of Hunt ingdon, but she died in October of the same year. In September, 1850, he again married, this time a Miss Jacobs, of Harrisburg, and soon afterwards re moved to Chambersburg, where he opened a law-office,, and remained till he died some years later. During his residence in Huntingdon he was an active politician in the Whig party, and took, a lively interest in the contest between James Irvin and George McCulloch, for Congress, as well as in subsequent political contests. In 1848 he received the nomination for Assembly, and was elected over Robert F. Haslet by a majority of three hundred and forty-six. In 1849 he was again nominated for the same office, and elected over David Duff by a ma jority of five hundred and fifty-nine votes. In both these years he made vigorous campaigns, and ad dressed a number of large meetings in various parts of the county. He was a fluent speaker, possessed of a good deal of wit and humor, and spoke with force and effect. At times he was quite eloquent. In person, Mr. Cornyn was tall and slender, and of BENCH AND BAR. 81 prepossessing appearance. He was fond of dress and gilt buttons and parade. He had acquired the title colonel by election,— colonel of militia, — and was elated with it. It was through his influence that the Twenty-fourth Judicial District was created, and Judge Taylor ap pointed to preside over it. Barton McMullen was a native of Pennsylvania. He was born at Mexico, or its vicinity, in Cumber land (now Juniata) County, in the year 1796. He was educated in Mifflin County, and studied law with Elias W. Hale, a very prominent and excellent lawyer of that place. Mr. McMullen was admitted to the bar at Huntingdon on the 9th of April, 1822. He had been admitted in Lewistown a short time be fore, and probably opened an office there, but he set tled in Huntingdon soon after his admission here and opened an office, and immediately entered into a good practice, and continued in it for about six con secutive years. His professional career was short but brilliant. That insidious destroyer, consumption, seized upon him as a victim, and after the usual changes which inspire flattering hopes and depressing fears he finally succumbed on the 20th of March, 1828, at the age of thirty-two years. He had been married but a few years to Elizabeth, daughter of Patrick Gwin, one of the early and often- elected sheriffs of the county, and sister of James Gwin, afterwards one of the associate judges, and of Alexander Gwin, a member of the bar at a later period. He had but two children, a son and a daughter. The latter is still living. The daughter married John Armitage, who was sheriff, and after wards a member of the bar. She is the mother of George Barton Armitage, a member of the bar. Mr. McMullen never held any public office nor coveted any. His ambition seemed to lead him to seek eminence at the bar, and in no other direction. Isaac Fisher was a native of the State of Dela ware, and studied law and was admitted there while yet a young man. From thence he traveled over a large portion of the country, and especially through the Southern States of the Union, where he became thoroughly disgusted with the arrogance and self-im portance of the slave-holders as a class, and with the iniquities of the institution of slavery. He finally settled in Pennsylvania. He was admitted to the bar at Huntingdon on the 11th of April, 1822. He had previously been admitted at York and at Lewis- town. At the time of his admission at Huntingdon he was a resident of Lewistown, and continued there until the year 1843, when he removed to Hunting don and opened an office, and was for some years associated with John Williamson, in the law busi ness. Mr. Fisher was a dignified and aristocratic-looking personage, not over five feet ten inches in height, but with an unusually large abdomen, caused by the com- I bined influence of a tremendous appetite; a seden tary life, and consummate gastronomic abilities. So much was this reservoir in his way that he could not stoop to pick anything off the ground, and, moreover, it seemed to be a burden to all the members of the body, especially to the lower limbs. The contour of his head and the features of his face were also very striking. His organs of veneration were poorly de veloped, his perceptive faculties were full, his fore head projected over blue or light-gray eyes, protected by heavy brows, his nose somewhat hooked, mouth large and slightly drawn to one side. His tempera ment, as phrenologists would say, was that in which the bilious predominated, combined with the lym phatic. His language was pure and elegant,' his enunciation clear, and his style forcible and em phatic. He never had a very full practice, and this enabled him to make the most out of every case, and to take every case which he lost in the Common Pleas, if in the least doubtful, to the Supreme Court, where he reversed many cases. He was not fond of authorities, at least not of modern ones, preferring to rest his cases upon general principles and the opinions of the sages of the woolsack and powdered wig. Some years before he took up his residence in Huntingdon he wrote a book entitled "Charles Ball," somewhat in the style of a novel or romance, his hero being a slave, and the incidents narrated those which the author had picked up while travel ing or sojourning in the South. Only a small edition was printed, and it is difficult to obtain a copy of it now. In this effort as an author he was more than a quarter of a century ahead of the times in which he lived. A third of a century later his book might have been as popular as " Uncle Tom's Cabin." Mr. Fisher was an intellectual combatant who rarely failed to command respect and admiration. With his full and imposing figure and resolute face, his severe logic, his correct syntax, in short, with his weighty person and his weighty words, he was always forcible and impressive whenever he addressed a court, a jury, or a public assembly. He departed this life" in August, 1858, at an ad vanced age. James M. Bell was a native of that part of Hunt ingdon County which now forms the county of Blair. He was the son of Edward Bell, one of the pioneers of the upper Juniata. He was educated in Hunting don, and studied law with Robert Allison. He was admitted to the bar on the 10th of August, 1824, went to Bedford, and remained there a few months, then returned and opened an office in Huntingdon, and continued to practice till the year 1845, when, in anticipation of the erection of Blair County, he re moved to Hollidaysburg and made investments there, built a fine mansion, and entered into the banking business, and made the place his permanent home. In person, Mr. Bell was about five feet ten inches in height and well proportioned, quite athletic, with 82 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. broad, smooth face and open countenance, black hair, which he lost in early manhood, large, black, rolling eyes, betokening a restless spirit and indomitable energy. He was a man of attractive personal appear ance and decidedly talented. When he spoke in public his whole body was in motion, his hands making gestures, and his voice full and clear. He was a man of acknowledged genius and indescribable verbiage. His writings as well as his speeches all had the same verbosity of style, which often made him appear tedious and uninteresting. He had a strong sens£ of justice, and despised everything that was low and mean; always addressed himself to the mind and conscience, never to prejudice and passion. He was an extremely eccentric character. He was an able lawyer, and could readily see the strong and the weak points in cases, and seize upon them and make the most out of them notwithstanding his laborious and verbose style. His chief power consisted in his ability to seize upon the salient points of a case and fix the attention firmly upon them. From 1835 till the close of his professional career he was retained in nearly all the important cases in the courts in this county, and accumulated some wealth by his practice. He did not rise very rapidly at the bar for the first two or three years after his admission, but he was ap pointed prosecuting attorney for the county in 1827, and then rose rapidly in his profession, proving him self a careful, industrious, and efficient prosecuting officer for the commonwealth. In 1838, Mr. Bell was nominated to fill the unex pired senatorial term of David R. Porter, who had been nominated for Governor. The senatorial district was a double one, entitled to two senators, and em braced the counties of Huntingdon, Mifflin, Juniata, Perry, and Union. Mr. Bell had the largest vote in the county, a majority of one thousand and forty- seven, and two hundred and eighty-four majority in the district. It is needless to say that he became a prominent and influential member of the Senate. Some time after going into the business of banking in Hollidaysburg he engaged in the same business here, and started the banking-house of Bell, Garrett- son & Co., which finally grew into the First National Bank, of which he was president from its organiza tion until his death, which took place on the 4th of June, 1870, at his residence in Hollidaysburg. Robert Wallace. — The first authentic account that we have of this gentleman is that he was a school teacher in what is now Juniata County, Pa., a perfect master of the ferule and birch, and that he was after wards admitted to the bar at Huntingdon on the 12th of January, 1826. He had previously been admitted to the Mifflin County bar. He appears to have ac quired a good share of the business in court in a short time after his admission in Huntingdon. He married a Miss Hemphill, and reared a family in Huntingdon. Some time after 1836 he moved to Clearfield County, where he resided till the time of his death. His wife died there also many years ago. He was the honored father of William A. Wallace who was for twelve years State senator and United States senator for six years. Robert Wallace was a man of small stature, below medium size, of an honest, open countenance, and of a cordial and sincere disposition. He was proud of his social and political standing, and frank and un reserved in the ordinary intercourse of life. He was also a man of some consequence as a poli tician in the Democratic party. For a while he owned and edited a newspaper, and editors are generally looked upon as leaders. He was appointed prosecut ing attorney under Attorney-General George M. Dal las, during the administration of Governor Wolf, and bore the honor with becoming dignity. Mr. Wallace was an Irishman by birth, and of the Protestant faith. He lived to the ripe age of eighty- three years, and died on the 2d of January, 1875, at Wallaceton, Clearfield Co., Pa. Andrew Porter Wilson was born two miles from Roxbury, Lurgan township, Franklin Co., Pa., on the 13th day of June, 1806. He was the son of Charles Wilson and Sarah, his wife, of that county. He graduated at Jefferson College in 1823, and en tered the law-office of George B. Porter, of Lancaster, studied with him about two years, after which he went to Litchfield, Conn., where he attended the law school under Judge Gould. In April, 1826, he was examined publicly by a committee of the bar in Litchfield, in the presence of the whole bar of the county, where no one could be admitted without a vote of two-thirds of the lawyers who attended the examination. The vote of the bar was unanimous for his admission, and on the 5th of April, 1826, he was admitted in the Superior Court of the State of Connecticut as a lawyer entitled to practice. He returned to Lan caster, and was admitted there in the spring of the same year. In 1828, through the influence of his cousin, David R. Porter, and others, Attorney-General Calvin Blythe appointed him his deputy for Hunting don County, and thus commissioned he came to Hunt ingdon, and was admitted to the bar on the 16th of April, 1828, from which time his citizenship in Hunt ingdon County may be dated. Mr. Wilson at once entered upon a successful career of practice, which was uninterrupted through a period of about thirty- five years, running down to about the year 1863, when he retired from active practice. During all this time he never had a law partner except for a few years at the close of his career, when he had associated with him his friend and former student, R. Bruce Petrikin, who still occupies the same office which was occupied by Mr. Wilson during the whole time of his practice. The records of the court show how extensively he was employed in these thirty-five years in the active pur suit of his profession. His name appears to more suits during that time than that of any other attorney at the bar. BENCH AND BAR. 83 His arguments indicated a lack of method. There was no systematic arrangement in them. They were rambling and unstudied, never concise and pithy. He was not quite so verbose nor as roundabout in his speeches as his contemporary, Mr. Bell. Neither of them had studied or practiced the arts and graces of oratory with any degree of success. Mr. Wilson was not in Ihe county many years until he was chosen a military leader and had the title and epaulets of a general bestowed upon him, and thence forth he was known by the popular name of Gen. Wilson. In 1837 he was a candidate for Assembly, and ran forty-one votes ahead of his colleague on the ticket, but was beaten two hundred and ten votes. In 1840 he was again a candidate on the Democratic ticket, his party having nominated him for Congress. He was defeated by James Irvin. In 1846 he was again nominated for Congress, and was defeated by John Blanchard. This result disappointed the hopes of Mr. Wilson, and he never was a candidate after wards. Although Mr. Wilson had a full and lucrative practice, he engaged in other business from time to time, especially in carrying mails, in stage-lines, and in transportation companies. He was fond of horses and kept many very good ones, and his fondness for riding and driving blooded horses- continued unabated till the close of his life'; and at the time of his death he had several fine specimens of them, and was rear ing colts to keep up a full supply. Mr. Wilson was an Episcopalian, and contributed liberally to that church, and attended its ministra tions. He also held a pew in the Presbyterian Church, and attended it in the absence of service in his own. He was a gentleman of fine personal appearance, of good social qualities, polite and agreeable in manners and conversation, fond of dress, and quite a beau. He never married, but for many years he kept house, first having an elderly aunt to act as matron, and after her death a youthful niece doing the honors of the household. He accumulated an estate worth some sixty or seventy thousand dollars, and died in testate. An illness which was not deemed dangerous at first, under which he lingered for some months without much apparent suffering, finally terminated in his death, at his mansion in Huntingdon, on the 28th of February, 1871, aged sixty-four years, eight months, and fifteen days. Alexander Gwin was born in the borough of Huntingdon on the 29th of December, 1807. He received a collegiate education, graduated at Dickin son College, Carlisle, and afterwards studied law in the office of Robert Allison, and was admitted to the bar on the 9th of November, 1830. His father, Pat- ; rick Gwin, had been sheriff of the county for several terms, alternating with John Patton, and had an ex- ' tensive acquaintance and influence throughout the county. Mr. Gwin came to the bar under highly favorable circumstances, and immediately entered upon a practice, for which he was well qualified by education and habits, but the business committed to his care was chiefly that of his immediate family con nections and friends. On account of distaste for the legal profession, or some other cause, he divided his time and attention between politics and the law, seemingly with a preference for the former. Conse quently in 1834 we find him at the head of a Demo cratic newspaper, The Huntingdon Gazette, advocating the election of Henry A. Muhlenberg for Governor. Mr. Gwin was not disheartened by the defeat of his candidate, but renewed bis efforts as an editor for several years, and as a politician till the close of his life, ajid became more celebrated as a political leader than as a lawyer. In 1839 he was appointed prosecuting attorney for the county, an office which he filled for three years. This office he held at August term, 1840, when he conducted the prosecution of Robert McConaughy for the murder of the Brown family, the most exciting case that was ever tried in the county. In this trial he was assisted by George Taylor, then a young attorney (afterwards judge), and they both distin guished themselves by the arguments they made for the commonwealth. Mr. Gwin, although a plain, matter-of-fact man, who eschewed everything like rhetorical flourishes, made a powerful speech against the prisoner, which called forth the admiration of the audience. It was the concluding argument in the case, and was overwhelming to the prisoner. His whole course as a prosecuting officer was marked by a serene severity and the strictest regard for the interests of the commonwealth. He discharged the duties of his office without fear, favor, or affection, and thus became a terror to evil-doers and a " praise to them that do well." Political excitement ran high and wild at that period of the history of our county, and at one of the courts the grand jury to whom a bill had been sent charging some offense growing out of the violation of the election laws returned it in dorsed " ignoramus, and that Alexander Gwin, prose cuting attorney, pay the costs," etc. Judge Burnside remonstrated, explained the law on the subject of im posing costs upon officers of the law, but the jury were firm, and would not move from their position. Mr. Gwin stood apparently unmoved. Judge Burn side, turning to him, asked whether he had any other bills to lay before the grand jury, when Mr. Gwin promptly replied, " I have no more business for this grand jury !" Thereupon the grand jury was dis charged, and the remaining bills were held over to the next sessions for another grand jury. Mr. Gwin never had any trouble with grand juries afterwards. Mr. Gwin had much to do with the distracting movement in 1841, when the Democrats, under a local organization known as the Workingmen's party, elected a portion of their ticket in the county ; but 84 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. his greatest triumph came off in 1845, when he and Henry L. Patterson were elected to the House of Representatives over Henry Brewster and Adolphus Patterson. The members voted for the division of the county and carried it through the Legislature, but Mr. Gwin retired from politics, and died two years afterwards. Alexander Gwin was a remarkably fine-looking person, about six feet in height and well propor tioned, of highly intellectual features and pleasing manners and address. He was kind-hearted, warm in his friendship, honest and just in his dealings, and highly respected. He died possessed of a con siderable estate. He departed this life on the 28th of March, 1848, aged forty years and three months. Samuel S. Wharton was born in the vicinity of Newton Hamilton, in Mifflin County, in the year 1806. He was the son of Henry Wharton, a respect able farmer, who lived to the remarkable age of ninety- one years, and died in the year 1873. The subject of this sketch was educated in the borough of Hunting don, and afterwards read law in the office of James M. Bell, and was on the 13th day of April, 1831, ad mitted to practice. He opened an office in Hunting don, but, in common with other young attorneys, he experienced that clients with important causes- are shy of new and inexperienced lawyers and pass by their offices on the other side of the way, and without wait ing long he turned his attention to the field of politics, so tempting to young men of ambition under such cir cumstances, and in consequence of this he never had a very extensive practice at the bar. He was after wards admitted to the bar in the counties of Mifflin and Blair, and also in the Supreme Court at Harris burg. His attention was directed chiefly to politics, and he spent much of his time in the very prime of life in the pursuit of office, in which he was, how ever, for a long time unsuccessful ; but in later years his political fortunes changed and he became one of the most successful politicians that we ever had in the county. As early as 1835, and perhaps much earlier, he had the title of colonel. Military titles, were regarded as stepping-stones to political preferments, and poli ticians availed themselves of these titles, the higher the grade th'e greater the honor. Mr. Wharton was appointed deputy attorney- general for Huntingdon County (or prosecuting at torney, as they were called in those days) by Attor ney-General Todd in 1836. In 1852, when Huntingdon and Blair Counties formed a representative district, Mr. Wharton and James L. Gwin were elected to the Legislature on the Whig ticket. He was again a candidate in 1853 and in 1857, but was defeated. In 1860 he suddenly loomed up again and received the nomination for State senator, and was elected in the district com posed of the counties of Huntingdon, Bedford, and Somerset. Before his senatorial term expired he was shaping his course for the congressional nomination in 1862, and would in all reasonable probability have proved successful had he lived until that time, but he was suddenly cut off by death before another nominating season came around. He died at his boarding-house in Huntingdon in the summer of 1862, after an illness of only a few days. His corpse was removed to the residence of his only surviving son, H. S. Wharton, from whence his funeral took place. He died " with the harness on," being at the time of his death a member of the State Senate and a prominent candidate for Congress. His personal appearance would attract attention in any assembly. He was a fine-looking man, fully six feet high and of symmetrica] form. While in the lower branch of the Legislature he was familiarly known as " the handsome member," and while in the Senate his personal appearance was equally attractive. He was attentive to his dress and general' personal appearance. He died on the 3d of June, 1862, aged fifty-six years. James Crawford was a native of West township, in the county of Huntingdon, son of John Crawford, a farmer and justice of the peace in said town ship. James, the subject of this brief memoir, was born in February, 1809. He received a good educa tion, graduated at Jefferson College, Canonsburg, with second honor, read law for the prescribed period, and was admitted to the bar at Huntingdon on the 14th of January, 1833, and soon afterwards located at Hollidaysburg, opened an office, and immediately entered upon a successful career of practice in that place, which was at that time a small town or village, just leaping into importance on account of being des tined to become the connecting link between the Pennsylvania Canal and the Allegheny Portage Rail road. Upon the completion of that great thorough fare Hollidaysburg became a place noted for business, and especially for law business. Mr. Crawford had made a happy selection. He was Hollidaysburg's first lawyer, and lived long enough to see it become a thriving town and assume a name and a place upon the map of the State, but not long enough to see it become a seat of justice and have courts of its own. As a lawyer, Mr. Crawford was well read, careful, and true as steel to the interests of his clients. He had, for a young lawyer, a good practice. He was a man of sound common sense, and of tolerable con versational powers. For strict morality and purity of life in private and public stations he had no supe rior, and in the practice of his profession he lived fully up to the obligation of his oath to act with all good fidelity, to use no falsehood, nor delay any per son's cause for lucre or malice. Such men as Mr. Crawford were not to be found in every household, and the country had a call for such men, which diverted him for a while from the narrow limits which usually confine the employment of a youthful attorney in a village. Mr. Crawford was a BENCH AND BAR. 85 Democrat of the old school, and his party honored itself in 1835 by nominating him as their candidate for the Legislature, but as there was at that time an opposition majority of more than eight hundred in the county he was defeated, though he rau more than four hundred votes ahead of his colleague on the, ticket. In 1836 he was again nominated for the same office and elected. This was before the division of the county was agitated in political circles, and that question did not enter into the contest It was the personal popularity of Mr. Crawford that carried him into office. As a member of the Legislature, Mr. Crawford was attentive and industrious, always at his post, but he was not a talking member. He retired to private life and continued to pursue his profession. He was in delicate health for some years, consumptive, and gradually wasted away. He died at the old homestead, above Petersburg, on the 18th of February, 1840, at the early age of thirty-one years, and 'was buried at Huntingdon. Benjamin R. Stevens. — The memories of few men outlive the monumental stone which marks their last resting-place on earth, and yet more fleet ing is the memory of him who has not been fortunate enough to have an epitaph to be sullied by the ele ments and obliterated by the tooth of Time. The memory of the gentleman whose name stands at the head of this brief sketch would have thus faded away if the meagre facts contained therein had not been gathered ten years ago, while some who breathed the same air that he breathed were yet in the flesh, for now but few are found who knew him or any thing about him. He was a member of the Hunting don bar from about the year 1813 to 1827, but no record can be found of his admission. It must, how ever, have been about the year 1813, as his name first appears to suits as plaintiff's attorney to November term of that year, and he must have practiced here some fourteen or fifteen years. In 1827 his name disappears from the records, the last time it occurs being at August term of that year. He appeared to many suits brought in 1818, and for several years later. He was an Eastern man, from one of the New England States. In person he was thin and tall, of fair complexion, light hair, and regular features. Some say he wore a cue, others deny this. Like many of his professional cotemporaries, he indulged too much in the flowing bowl, which at times im paired his health and usefulness. He married a Miss Moore, of Huntingdon, who is said to have been a very amiable and excellent lady, and he had a son named Nathaniel B. Stevens. After Mr. Stevens died his family removed to Connecticut. The date of his death is not known, probably 1827 or 1828. As a lawyer, Mr. Stevens ranked high. Judge Huston is reported to have pronounced him the best lawyer in his district. Thomas P. Campbell was a native of Hender son township, Huntingdon Co., son of Matthew Campbell ; received such education as could be ob tained in the country schools and by persevering outside study. He learned the art and mystery of printing in Huntingdon, edited and published the first newspaper printed in Hollidaysburg, called the Aurora, disposed of his printing-office, and studied law in the office of Andrew P. Wilson, in Hunting don, during which time he and George Taylor (after wards judge) edited a Democratic newspaper, pub lished in Huntingdon, entitled the Republican Advo cate. He was examined, admitted, and sworn in as an attorney on the 15th of November, 1836, practiced in Huntingdon till about the year 1865, then removed with his family to Davenport, Iowa, and remained there till he died, on the 6th of February, 1881. During all the time that Campbell practiced here he was one of the most eloquent speakers at this bar, and had a good practice. In January, 1839, his personal and political friend, Governor Porter, appointed him register and recorder in and for Huntingdon County, which offices he filled till the general election in October of the same year. The offices having become elective under the Consti tution of 1838, he was a candidate for the same in the fall of 1839, and was defeated by John Reed, who had been his predecessor in the offices. The majority against him was only two hundred and eighteen. In April, 1842, he was appointed commissioner in bankruptcy under the bankrupt law of 1841, and served until the law was repealed in 1843. In 1851 he was the competitor of Judge Taylor for the office of president judge. Mr. Campbell was a Democrat from his youth up until 1861, when the war of the Rebellion broke out; then he with many prominent members of his party became first a war Democrat, and afterwards joined the Republican party. When the internal revenue law had been passed he was appointed assessor for the congressional dis trict composed of the counties of Huntingdon, Blair, Cambria, and Mifflin, which office he held for several years until he was superseded by the appointment of J. Sewell Stewart. J. Sewell Stewart was a native of West town ship, Huntingdon Co., Pa., born on the 1st day of May, 1819. He graduated with honor at Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa., in 1841, studied law in Hunt ingdon in the office of James Steel, and clerked in the prothonotary's office then held by him, and was admitted to the bar on the 17th of April, 1843, and thenceforth he was actively engaged in the prac tice of his profession. In 1848 he was appointed deputy attorney-general (prosecuting attorney) for Huntingdon County; and the office being made elective and its name changed to that of district attorney, he was nominated and elected in 1850 and again in 1853, and continued to discharge the duties of that office till the Novenber sessions, 1856. 86 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Mr. Stewart had a taste for literature, to indulge which he purchased the Huntingdon Journal printing establishment and installed himself in the editorial chair in 1851, and at the same time continuing his professional practice, but he soon wearied of editorial felicity, and sold his printing-office the following year and again devoted his whole time to practice. In 1865 he was appointed assessor of internal rev enue in the Seventeenth District, composed of the counties of Huntingdon, Blair, Cambria, and Somer set, which office he held at the time of his death. He was associated with Adin W. Benedict, as a partner in practice in January, 1866, and in 1867, P. M. Lytle also became a member of the firm, under the name of Benedict, Stewart & Lytle, and was dissolved in April of that year by the death of Mr. Benedict. As a member of the legal fraternity, Mr. Stewart had established a reputation for strict honesty, care ful attention to business, and scrupulous fidelity to his clients ; and as a man and citizen, he was highly esteemed. His demeanor was uniformly respectful and gentlemanly. He had fine literary taste and a poetical turn of mind, and was the author of credit able productions in verse as well as prose. He died at his residence, one door west of the court-house, in Huntingdon, on the morning of the 6th of February, 1871, in the fifty-second year of his age. John P. Anderson was the son of A. A. Ander son, a prominent member of the bar of Mifflin County, Pa. He was born at Lewistown on the 26th day of January, 1818. He studied law in Huntingdon under the direction of J. George Miles, and was admitted to the bar at Huntingdon on the 9th of March, 1838. Mr. Anderson had been an active politician even before his admission to the bar, and had rendered considerable service to the Democratic party, and especially to David R. Porter in his senatorial and gubernatorial campaigns, and in 1839 he was ap pointed prosecuting attorney for Allegheny County and district attorney of the United States for the Western District of Pennsylvania. The following extract from an article in a Demo cratic newspaper, announcing his appointment to the above offices, will serve to show the esteem in which Mr. Anderson was held by his personal and political friends : "Maj. Anderson is a young gentleman of superior mind, of fine legal and literary attainments, and great energy of character, yet firm and dignified, and his eloquence is a rich combination of logic and wit, humor, sarcasm, and pathos." Numerous other Democratic newspapers of the day were teeming with highly flattering encomiums upon Mr. Anderson, who had thus been provided for with two good offices at once. Mr. Anderson retired from the practice of the law soon after he was through with these offices, but he did not retire from politics. He was appointed super visor on the Pennsylvania Canal while it yet belonged to the State. He amassed a large fortune. He died at his residence in Huntingdon on the 10th of Feb ruary, 1862, aged forty-four years and fifteen days. Adin W. Benedict was a native of the State of New York. His father, Rev. Joel Benedict, was a Presbyterian minister, who moved from Norwalk, Conn., to Orange County, N. Y., where the subject of this sketch was born on the 29th of January, 1808. His mother's maiden name was Currance Wheeler, He was brought up and educated in Orange County in the common branches then taught in country schools, and was afterwards placed under the instruc tion of the Messrs. Harper Brothers in New York City to learn the art, trade, and mystery of letter press printing. In 1830 he married Miss Ann E. Ross, of New York, and subsequently went to Phila delphia with his youthful wife, where he entered into partnership with John Boyle, also a printer, in a book and job printing office, under the firm-name of Boyle & Benedict, and remained in that business and in that firm until September, 1835, when he removed with his family to Huntingdon, where he started the Jour nal, in the name of A. W. Benedict & Co., the " Co." being his Philadelphia partner, John Boyle. In April, 1836, Mr. Benedict exchanged his interest in the Phil adelphia establishment for that of his partner in Huntingdon. Mr. Benedict then continued sole edi tor and publisher of the Journal until February, 1842, when he sold the establishment to T. H. Cremer. In 1836, Mr. Benedict was appointed collector of tolls at Huntingdon by the canal commissioners, and he continued in that office until the close of Governor Ritner's administration, in January, 1839. After Mr. Benedict disposed of his printing estab lishment he entered the office of Messrs. Bell & Orbi son as a law student, at the age of thirty-four years, and was admitted to the bar on the 9th of April, 1844. In 1843, while yet a student, he was appointed by the court a county commissioner, to fill a vacancy occa sioned by the death of Robert Moore, of the borough of Huntingdon. Mr. Benedict had the faculty of speech well devel-' oped while yet a resident of Philadelphia, where he often spoke at political meetings and other popular' assemblages, and he kept up this habit in Hunting don, and took the stump in the several political cam paigns, especially in the Presidential campaign of 1840, which resulted in the election of Gen. Harrison. He was a good debater, and an expert and able writer, aud these qualities served him well when he came to the bar, and he soon glided into a remunerative prac tice. In 1846 the nomination for member of the Legis lature was tendered- to bim by the Whig party of the county in convention assembled, but he promptly declined it on the spot in a neat little speech ; but in 1862 he was again nominated for the same office, when BENCH AND BAR. 87 he accepted the nomination and was elected. Prior to that date he held the responsible position of deputy secretary of the commonwealth during Governor Johnston's administration, and that seemed to give him a taste for office, and he sought tbe Legislature as member or clerk to gratify that taste. He was successful, and served during one session as member and during several as chief clerk, which latter office he held at the time of his death, which occurred on the 28th of April, 1867. Mr. Benedict was a gentleman of medium size, well- proportioned form, possessed a good deal of muscular power, blue eyes, brown hair, which turned gray pre maturely, and a profuse beard, which became snowy white during his residence at Harrisburg while deputy Secretary of the State, and continued so to the time of his death. He was affable and easily accessible, and very popular as an officer. While clerk of the House of Represenatives, the Democratic members mani fested their appreciation of* him by publicly present ing to him a gold-headed cane, with appropriate in scriptions engraved upon it. This generous gift was highly prized by him, and is carefully preserved by his widow and family as an heirloom. Mr. Benedict had excellent opportunities to become wealthy, but did not improve them. He never accu mulated any property or means until he became deputy Secretary of State. After that date he became more economical and acquired a considerable estate, real and personal. He always lived well, was gener ous to a fault and hospitable, and took pleasure in entertaining his numerous friends, and was held in great esteem by all who knew him, and those who knew him best esteemed him most. He died at his home in Huntingdon, after a brief illness, in the sixtieth year of his age. John Reed was born in the vicinity of Reedville, Mifflin Co., Pa., on the 22d day of June, 1793. While yet a child his parents removed to Huntingdon County, to the neighborhood of McAlevy's fort, his mother carrying him over the mountain on horseback. He received such schooling as the country at that time afforded, and when grown up to manhood he traveled to the western part of the State and sojourned for a while in Washington and Allegheny Counties. He returned to his adopted county and taught school at various points in Huntingdon and adjoining counties. He also learned the occupation of a miller, and had charge of various mills at different times, among them one at McAlevy's fort, and another at Alexandria, and his time was divided between attending mills and teaching schools till the year 1836, when Governor Ritner appointed him register and recorder and clerk of the Orphans' Court of Huntingdon County to suc ceed David R. Porter. Until this time he had never held any office except that of county auditor, to which he was elected in 1831. In 1840 he was one of the Presidential electors of Pennsylvania, and cast his vote for Gen. Harrison, at Harrisburg. Mr. Reed discharged the duties of the office of register and re corder and clerk of the Orphans' Court with entire satisfaction to the public until 1839, when David R. Porter, who had been elected Governor, appointed Thomas P. Campbell in his stead; but at the general election in 1839, under the new provisions in the amended Constitution of 1838, Mr. Reed was elected over Mr. Campbell. Upon the expiration of his term in 1842, Mr. Reed was again elected to the same offices. At the end of this term, in 1845, he com menced the study of the law under the instruction of David Blair, and was admitted to the bar on the 17th of April, 1848, when he was nearly fifty-five years of age. He opened an office in Huntingdon, and at once entered upon a good Orphans' Court prac tice. His long experience in the register's office and as clerk in the Orphans" Court qualified him well for the business, and his extensive acquaintance throughout the county and his fidelity to his duty were the means of bringing him a practice in the Orphans' Court such as would have required the labor and persever ance of a young man for years to have acquired. Mr. Reed was a well-known and well-tried man, and every one who knew him would trust his all to him. He was counsel for the county commissioners for several years, and proved a safe and good counselor. Mr. Reed stood nearly head and shoulders higher than any other member of the Huntingdon bar ex cept Jas. Steel, who was but little lower than he. Mr. Reed was thin and straight as well as tall, and some rude and impudent boat-boys called him the "shot- tower," because he had given them some wholesome admonition which they did not relish. He was un obtrusive, always civil and pleasing in manner and edifying in conversation. He was fond of mathe matics and spent much time in solving problems for amusement, — -a good way to keep a man in his office when he has nothing special to do to keep him there. In all his avocations, whether as a school-teacher, a milleT, a public officer, a private citizen, a lawyer, or as a Christian, he was always honest in the dis charge of all his duties. He died at the residence of his son, William D. Reed, near Huntingdon, on the 26th of March, 1868, in the seventy-fifth year of his age. Taking Mr. Reed all in all, we shall never look/ upon his like again. Mordecai B. Massey was born in Barree town ship, Huntingdon Co., on the 18th of October, 1835, the son of Robert Massey; went to school at Pine Grove, Centre Co., and graduated from Jefferson Col lege, Canonsburg, Washington Co., Pa., in 1857, with second honor in the largest class ever grad uated from that institution ; studied law in the office of Messrs. Montgomery & Gibson, in Washington, Pa., and was admitted to the bar at that place in or about the year 1860. He then returned to his father's in Barree township, married Miss Maggie Hunter, of Petersburg, in 1864, and remained among his rela tives and friends until the 14th of November of that 88 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. year, when he was admitted to the bar at Hunting don. He purchased Andrew P. Wilson's law library, and entered into partnership with R. Bruce Petrikin, and some time after that M. M. McNeil was taken into the firm. As a member of the legal profession, Mr. Massey was ever mindful of the high obligation of his call ing, and was faithful alike to the court and to his clients. Mr. Massey was afflicted with a lingering bronchial affection, which increased in severity until he finally succumbed and fell a victim to it. In the winter of 1875-76 he went to Florida, where he remained until spring, when he returned considerably improved in health, and he intended to spend the next winter in Florida also, but when the winter set in he was too much enfeebled to undertake the journey. Mr. Massey was a sportsman as well as a lawyer, an excellent shot, fond of hunting in the mountains, and was very successful in shooting deer and other large game, never troubling smaller game than squir rels, of which he bagged many. At the time of his death he had one of his rooms carpeted with deer skins tanned with the hair on. He took a deep interest in scientific subjects and bestowed considerable attention upon them. He vis ited the Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia twice, and examined all the guns that were on exhibition there, and closely inspected other products of the arts and sciences, and appeared to understand them better than the mass of visitors to that famous display of the products of the nations. Mr. Massey contributed several well-written articles on gunnery and other scientific subjects to the Sports man, a periodical publication of wide circulation, the name of which has since been changed to Forest and Stream. Mr. Massey died at his residence in Huntingdon on the 13th day of March, 1877, aged forty-one years, four months, and twenty-three days, and being a member of Mount Moriah Lodge, No. 300, A. Y. M., was buried with the honors of the fraternity. Henry T. White was born in West township (now Oneida), on a farm about five miles from Hun tingdon. He was the son of Henry White, and his mother's maiden name was Esther Ramsey, a full cousin of the late Judge Gwin, of Huntingdon. Henry T. White was the twin-brother of George D. White, who died in the army at Camp Pierpont, Va., on the 8th of February, 1862. The subject of this memoir was born on the 24th of June, 1833, was educated in the common schools of his native township and at the Cassville Seminary, studied law in the office of Messrs. Scott & Brown, and was admitted to the bar on the 14th of April, 1859, and opened an office in Huntingdon. He turned his attention to politics, was nominated and elected treasurer of the county in October of the same year over Jacob Miller. The term of office was then two years. Mr. White served out his term, but he was in very delicate health, and died within two years after the expiration of his term of office, and in less than four years after his admission to the bar. He was sober and industrious, and had the confi dence of the people, and gave promise of great use fulness at the bar and as a citizen, but these bright prospects and fond hopes were all cut off by his early death. He died of consumption on the 11th of Sep tember, 1863, aged thirty years, two months, and eigh teen days. J. H. O. Corbin was born in Cassville in July, 1838, and was educated at the Seminary at that place, studied law in the office of Messrs. Scott & Brown, in Huntingdon, was admitted to the bar on the 14th of November, 1859, and in the fall of 1862 he was nomi nated by the Republican party for district attorney, and was elected over R. M. Speer, his Democratic com petitor, who had then been at the bar less than three years, the two candidates having been admitted on the same day, and both being natives of Cassville, and of about the same age. Mr. Corbin was a young man of fine talents, and possessed many good qualities of head arid heart. He was clever and generous and popular, and was making his way up at the bar. Abraham S. Wilson made his first appearance in the courts of this county on the 13th of August, 1822. He was a native of Mifflin County, and located at Lewistown, where he resided down to the time of his death. He was a Democrat, and took a deep interest in that old party, and became an active and favorite, politician before his accession to the bench. He held the office of prothonotary of Mifflin County for many years by appointment, and afterwards was elected to the Legislature, and became quite prominent in that body. He was a good lawyer, and had an extensive prac tice. He bestowed much labor upon his cases, and tried them well, and was remarkably successful. He attended the courts of Huntingdon occasionally, but never had much practice here. He had an extensive circle of relatives and friends, and he was very much given to hospitality, so much so that it kept his ex chequer in a low condition. On the 23d of March, 1842, Governor Porter sent a message to the Senate nominating Abraham S. Wil son judge of the Twentieth Judicial District, com posed of the counties of Huntingdon, Mifflin, and Union. Previous to that time Huntingdon County was in the Fourth Judicial District, with Centre, Clearfield, Clinton, and Mifflin. Huntingdon and Mifflin were taken from it, and, together with Union, formed the Twentieth District, and Judge Woodward continued in the Fourth, and Wilson was appointed judge of the Twentieth District, as above stated. On the 30th of March, 1842, the Senate confirmed his nomination unanimously. Judge Wilson held no regular term at Huntingdon BENCH AND BAR. 89 in April, 1842 ; his first regular term was held in the then new court-house in August of that year. The court-house used in Judge Wilson's time was the second one in the county. It was torn down in June, 1882, and stood on part of the ground now covered by the third court-house erected in the county. The fol lowing is from the Huntingdon Journal of the 10th of August, 1842 : " The new court-house is now completed, and the courts are holding their sessions in it. The public offices are also removed to the new building. All of the rooms are convenient, comfortable, and commo dious. The people generally appear to be well pleased with the new building, the whole cost of which is just 89135.20. The lots, together with two others, cost $1000. " Besides this we have a new judge, and when all ' get the hang' of tho new establishment, we expect matters to move along finely." A week later we have the following notice of Judge Wilson in the same paper : " The Hon. A. S. Wilson has assumed the arduous duties of president judge of the Twentieth Judicial District, in which our county is in cluded. The present is the first regular term at which he has presided in this county, and we are pleased to say that, so far as we have been able to learn the sentiments of others, with which our own accord, he giveB general satisfaction. The judge is a plain, unassuming gentleman and an able jurist, possessing mildness, deliberateness, and penetration, qualities which enable him to arrive at correct aud just conclusions." All who had the pleasure of an acquaintance with Judge Wilson, and were familiar with his manner of doing business on the bench, will bear witness to the truthfulness of the above. In September of the same year (1842) his charge to the grand jury at the August sessions was published in the Journal and other newspapers in the district. It covered four closely-printed columns of the news paper named, and it was. conceded on all hands that it was an able production, both as to matter and style, well defining the duties of grand juries, and impress ing and urging the full and impartial performance by them of those duties. In 1849 the Twenty-fourth Judicial District was formed, and Huntingdon County was placed in it, and George Taylor was appointed president judge of the new district, and Judge . Wilson continued to preside over the old Twentieth District, then com posed of the counties of Mifflin and Union. Our dis trict has remained unchanged from that time to the present, constituted of the counties of Huntingdon, Blair, and Cambria. On the bench Judge Wilson was dignified, careful, firm, and impartial, courteous and kind to all, espe cially to the younger members of the bar. There was a magnetism about him that attracted all towards him who came within the circle of his acquaintance. The, younger members of the bar were strongly at tached to him, and. he treated them uniformly with kindness and consideration. He was also a favorite wjth, the judges of the Supreme Court of the State, "a pet," as Isaac Fisher used to say when he found it hard. to reverse him in that court. We do not say that he was a pet of the Supreme Court, or that they ever had any pets, but he was personally known to all the judges of that.court, and they had entire con fidence in his integrity,- and reversed him very re luctantly, except for very plain errors. In person Judge Wilson was about five feet eight or nine inches high, and well proportioned, of fair complexion, blue eyes, light brown hair, heavily sprinkled with gray in his later years. He was a man of fine presence and good conversational powers, agreeable iu manners, fond of relating anecdotes, of which he had a large stock, and he was always an entertaining and pleasing companion. His business was never so pressing that he could not find a few days or weeks each year to devote to the healthful and invigorating pastime of hunting and fishing, of which he was excessively fond, and which afforded him many of his most amusing anec dotes and incidents related afterwards. He continued to preside in the Twentieth District until the time of his decease. A few years before his death he received an accidental bodily injury which hastened his end. He departed this life some twenty years ago, much regretted by his family and numerous friends. George Taylor. — The history of those having been eminently successful in life, and especially of those who have been raised to eminence from hum ble life, is always interesting and instructive. By ex ample it serves to direct while it tends to encourage the faltering and desponding to renewed exertions. Among those to whom the terms "self-made" and "self-taught" peculiarly apply is Judge Taylor. He was a native of Chester County, Pa., born at ' Oxford, in that county, on the 20th of November, 1812. He was the fourth child of Matthew Taylor and Rebecca, his wife, whose maiden name was An derson. He could, no doubt, trace his family through a " long pedigree of toil" in his native county and per haps far back into the mother-country. Like Benja min Franklin, whose ancestors for generation after generation were the blacksmiths of Eaton, he could trace his back and find that his father was an humble and honest blacksmith of Oxford, and that through a long line of ancestors the anvil and the hammer were the family ensigns, and not the lap-board and the shears, as the name might indicate. His father had a large family and limited means, and consequently he was afforded few facilities for acquiring even the rudiments of an education. While he was a boy he assisted his father in the shop, and while thus en gaged met with a very serious misfortune, a fragment of iron or steel striking and lodging in one of his eyes, from which he suffered severely. His eye was disfigured, and he wore, blue or green spectacles to conceal it. It was .frequently remarked, however, that he could see more with one eye than most per sons could see with two. , . He was not at any school or other institution of learning after he was thirteen years of age. But several years of his early life were profitably occupied 90 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. in teaching a country school in "this county. During this period he diligently availed himself of all the means of improvement .within his reach, greatly in creased his scanty stock of knowledge, and in the quiet seclusion of his rural home, unnoticed by those around him, laid the foundation of his future success. While thus engaged he wrote to David R. Porter, prothonotary of Huntingdon County, offering his services as a clerk, and Mr. Porter was so well pleased with the tenor and penmanship of the letter that he took him into his employ. For one destined for the bar there is no better school than a well-ordered pro thonotary's office. In 1834 he commenced reading law in the office of Andrew P. Wilson, and was ad mitted to the bar on the 12th of April, 1836. He was then in his twenty-fourth year. Buoyant with ¦energy and youthful hope, present and past difficul ties were forgotten in the anticipation of future suc cess, and, as has been said of another, the horoscope of his destiny gleamed before his young eyes in gol den colors. Soon after his admission he gave promise of success in his profession, and by his masterly •efforts in a number of important cases he acquired an early reputation as an able lawyer and advocate. In 1840 he assisted in the prosecution of Robert McConaughy, who was tried in this county for the murder of the Brown family, in Shirley township. The case was one entirely of circumstantial evidence, and in a speech of matchless eloquence, in a clear, logical analysis of the facts, he so traced the murderer through all his windings, and so fastened the evidence of his guilt upon him, that there was no escape. The writer has frequently conversed with the able counsel of the prisoner as to the effect of that argument, and they said it was perfectly electrical and overwhelm ing, that the jury, the judges, and the audience were so completely carried away with it that any attempt at a defense seemed to be useless, and conviction fol lowed inevitably. This was one of the greatest efforts of his professional life. In the prosecution of the Flanigans for murder in Cambria County he made another three or four hours' speech in behalf of the commonwealth, which was said to be as powerful as the argument in the Mc Conaughy case, and compared favorably with it in for ensic eloquence. At the time of these trials, and for some time after wards, he was in partnership with John G. Miles in the practice of the law, under the firm-name of Miles & Taylor. In October, 1843, he was elected treasurer of the county, and served a term of two years. During this time he had almost abandoned the law, had retired from the firm of Miles & Taylor, and was preparing himself for the Presbyterian ministry. During these two years he made such progress in studying Greek that he could read the New Testament in the original tongue. But he returned to the law, and never en tered the ministry. Judge Taylor was an exceedingly careful man in all his literary efforts. His words were all appropriate, carefully selected, plainly and neatly written, and clearly and distinctly uttered, and his penmanship was characterized by the utmost degree of precision, Every word, syllable, and letter was plainly written and exactly in its proper place, every " i" dotted and every "t" crossed, and his orthography and punctuation were faultless. All his writings were executed with as much care as if they had been intended for the " public eye." And his pronunciation and articula- lation in public and private discourse were models worthy of imitation, and his emphasis was very ener getic and impressive. In 1835, while a law student, he was also editing a Democratic newspaper, and his careful habit of writ ing was no doubt cultivated, if not acquired, while writing for the press, well knowing that his editorials would be extensively read and closely and severely criticised. Early in life he adopted a rule which every young man would do well to practice upon, — that everything that is worth doing at all is worth doing well. And this rule he carried into his professional business, and whatever cases he had he prepared thoroughly and tried well, taking pains first to make himself perfectly acquainted with the facts and the law of each case; and thus he acquired more reputation in a few years than a careless or indolent man could acquire in a lifetime of threescore and ten. Thus in the thirteen years of his practice he had acquired an enviable reputation as a lawyer. During all the time that he practiced the bar of his own county was crowded with lawyers of ability and emi nence, men of character and experience, some in the prime of life, and some in the zenith of their profes sional course ; and the other counties in the district also abounded in able lawyers in full practice. Of course, at such a bar no young lawyer could reason ably have expected much pecuniary success, and for thirteen years young Taylor struggled onward and upward, with barely profit enough to support himself and his family. But to be selected from such a barto preside over such a district was a distinction and an honor of which any man might well be proud. Thenceforth he had a wider field for the exercise of his legal talents, and speedily his fame spread throughout the commonwealth. When the Legislature in 1849 passed an act cre ating the Twenty-fourth Judicial District, he was recommended almost unanimously by the bar of Huntingdon and Blair Counties for the president judgeship of the new district, composed of the counties of Huntingdon, Blair, and Cambria. In April, 1849, Governor Johnson conferred the appointment upon him, which was unanimously confirmed by the Sen ate. After the amendment of the Constitution making the judiciary elective was adopted, by which the commissions of all the judges terminated in De- BENCH AND BAR. 91 cember, 1851, Judge Taylor was uuanimously nomi nated by his party (the Whigs) as a candidate, and elected in October of that year. This election brought him another commission for ten years. After serving the term he was re-elected for another term without opposition. During the twenty-two years of his judge ship he faithfully discharged the duties of his office, and never, from sickness or any other cause, failed to hold the regular terms of court in the district. There is probably no other position in life which so completely shows and tests the mettle of which hu man nature is composed as that of president judge. Its duties are delicate, difficult, and responsible in the highest degree. The fortunes and even the lives of men are sometimes suspended upon the strength or weakness of the presiding judge, and temptations beset him on every side to swerve him from the straightforward line of duty. Great, terrible, awful is the responsibility of the position, and all honor is due to the man who can discharge it unawed by fear, unseduced by affection or the hope of gain, with no prompter but conscience, and no guides but truth and law. Judge Taylor was a man of this model. He had an intense love of justice, and the nerve fearlessly to administer it in the face of all opposi tion, yet he always tempered justice with mercy. The judge had a taste for agricultural and horti cultural pursuits, and followed them whenever he had leisure to do so without neglecting his official duties. At the regular term of the Blair County court, whilst charging the jury, on the 24th of October, 1871, he became so ill that he was obliged to leave the court room. Prompt medical aid gave temporary relief, and he expected to resume his duties on the bench on the following day ; but towards evening he was stricken with paralysis (which he had for a long time dreaded) in both his lower limbs, causing entire helplessness of body, whilst his mind retained its vigor. He was brought home on a special train. Notwithstanding the efforts of skillful physicians and careful nursing of his family, he gradually became worse until Tues day morning, November 14th, when, without a strug gle, he gently passed away, at the age of fifty-eight years, eleven months, and twenty-one days. " Here the reward stands for thee, — a chief seat In Fame's fair sanctuary, where some of old, Crown'd with their troubles, now are here enroll'd In memory's sacred sweetness to all ages." — Singt.eton. Joseph McCune was appointed and commissioned an associate judge in December, 1810, by Governor Simon Snyder. He resided in the Frankstown dis trict, now in Blair County, where he had been a jus tice of the peace for about ten years, having been ap pointed by Governor McKean in the year 1800. He occupied a seat on the bench from 1810 down to the close of 1838, when he resigned in favor of John Ker, who was commissioned by Governor Ritner under the Constitution of 1790, shortly before it gave place to that of 1838. His term was the longest of any in the county, except that of David Stewart. Judge McCune was, at the date of the writer's ac quaintance with him, a very clever old gentleman, who was well booked up in the early history of the Juniata Valley, and of Huntingdon County in particu lar, and he was very fond of relating the incidents connected with the early history of this part of the State, as well as of the stirring events of the Revolu tionary war. He had a retentive memory and had stored it full of interesting facts, which he could call forth as occasion required, and this made him an en tertaining and instructive companion. He was not a " law judge," but a farmer by occupa tion and education, owning and tilling a two-hundred- acre farm in Frankstown township. He was not ambitious for political honors after he had a seat upon the bench, but six years earlier, in 1804, he had been elected to the Legislature for one term, which seemed to satisfy his ambition in that direction. He was a large and fleshy man, very good- natured and friendly to all, one of those who would have hosts of friends and few enemies. Joseph Adams was also a resident of Frankstown township when he was appointed an associate judge of Huntingdon County. He was first commissioned on the 10th of July, 1826, by Governor Shulze, and his commission was renewed on the 15th of March, 1841, by Governor Porter, the term of office having been changed to five years under the Constitution of 1838, aud the Legislature of 1838-39, in classifying the associate judges, placed him in the second class, whose term of office expired on the 27th of February, 1841. Having thus been legislated out of office, Gov ernor Porter renewed his commission in March, 1841, as above stated, for five years, which continued him in office until the county was divided, the division leaving him in the new county of Blair. Judge Adams was a man of diminutive size, black eyes, and regular features. He was well informed and well disposed, having more than ordinary intelligence and a remarkably retentive memory, and he had a high opinion of his own ability, and sometimes transacted business in the absence of the president judge, even to the trying of ordinary cases in the Quarter Sessions. He was a rigid Democrat, and did not deem it out of place in him to preside at public meetings of his party, or to participate otherwise in its meetings. He was at one time in good financial circumstances, but he engaged in a transportation company and other busi ness enterprises which brought financial ruin upon him, from which he never fully recovered. In 1825 he was elected to the lower branch of the State Legislature. He and Judge Burnside were ap pointed to seats on the bench about the same time, and they always appeared on very intimate and friendly terms. John Ker succeeded Joseph McCune on the bench 92 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. as associate judge in 1838, he being the last of our associate judges appointed under the Constitution of 1790. The new or amended Constitution required the first Legislature convened under it, that of 1838-39, to classify the associate judges into four classes ac cording to seniority of commission, the oldest expir ing first, and the youngest last. The first Legislature did classify the judges, and Judge Ker was placed in the fourth class, whose commissions expired on the 27th of February, 1843. But the next Legislature, that of 1839-40, reclassified them, and placed Judge Ker in the first class, whose term expired in 1840, and Governor Porter appointed aud. commissioned James Gwin to succeed him, who took his seat on the bench in April term, 1840. A considerable number of other judges were in the same predicament, and a case was taken up to the Supreme Court from one of the east ern counties for adjudication and made a test case. While this case was pending Judge Ker took courage to claim and hold his seat, and at one of the terms he dropped into one of the seats just at the moment that Judge Gwin was ascending the steps leading to the bench, and the novel scene was presented of .two judges claiming the same seat upon the bench at the same time. At the suggestion of Judge Burnside both claimants withdrew from the bench for that term. The case in the Supreme Court was decided in favor of the appointees of Governor Ritner, and Judge Ker served out his term, which ended in 1843. Judge Ker was a man above medium size, of fair and florid complexion, blue eyes, and brown hair, slightly mingled with gray in his later years. He was of a very social disposition, affable and easy in conversation and very courteous, and of the most pure and correct morality. He was an elder in the Pres byterian Church, well booked in ecclesiastical history, well informed in everything concerning Presbyterian- ism, took great interest in religious matters, and ex pressed his sentiments very freely and intelligently. He resided in Walker township, two miles from Huntingdon. His homestead was located upon a slight eminence, commanding a view of the surround ing country and of a portion of the town. He was noted for his hospitality. Nothing delighted him more than a visit from a member of the bar, unless it was a visit from a Presbyterian minister, but all were welcome to his home and his board. He was truly " given to hospitality." He evidently considered an eldership and a judge ship honor enough for one man, and he never aspired after any other. He bore his honors with becoming gravity and dignity, and discharged his duties with the utmost fidelity. His father, William Ker, was register and recorder and clerk of the Orphans' Court of Huntingdon County, appointed in 1824. Judge Ker was born on the 1st day of April, 1796, and died on the 30th of July, 1855, aged fifty-nine years and four months. James Gwin was appointed and commissioned an associate judge on the 20th of March, 1840. The early part of his judicial history is considerably min gled with that of Judge Ker, his immediate prede cessor. He was on the bench but a term or two, when the Supreme Court decided that the first Legislature convened under the Constitution of 1838, in classify ing the associate judges, had exhausted the power conferred upon it by that instrument, and conse quently no subsequent Legislature could legally dis turb that classification. This decision ousted Judge Gwin and reinstated Judge Ker. In 1843, Judge Ker's commission expired, and Judge Gwin was again com missioned by Governor Porter, and recommissjoned in 1848 by Governor Shunk, and he served till 1851, when the judges became elective by the people under the constitutional amendment of 1850. Judge Gwin was a tall, slender man, of fine features and dark hair, which had prematurely turned gray. He was dignified and commanding in appearance, and would secure the respect of any assembly in which he might appear. He was the son of Patrick Gwin, who had been elected sheriff of the county three times, and brother of Alexander Gwin, a member of the bar. He acted for some time as deputy sheriff under his father, a good school to acquire business knowledge and habits, and he was one of the best business men in the county. Previous to his appoint ment to the bench he was in the mercantile business in Huntingdon, conducting a general store. Being very extensively acquainted throughout the county he became useful on the bench, especially when the president judge resided out of the county. Judge Gwin resided in Huntingdon all his life, and was a highly-esteemed citizen. He was elected chief burgess of the borough three times, — in 1837 and. 1838 and in 1859. At the time of his death he was a director of the First National Bank of Huntingdon. He was a member of the Presbyterian Church, and died in the faith of that denomination. He was born on the 20th of July, 1800, and lived until the 10th of November, 1863, and was at the time of his death; aged sixty-three years, three months, and twenty-one days. John Stewart, one of the associate justices of Huntingdon County, was born in Dauphin County, Pa., on the 18th of February, 1786. He was not " to the manner born," but we are credibly informed that he " came to the manor" about the year 1800, when he was about fourteen years of age. Not much is known of his early history. In April, 1813, after the war was declared under the administration of Presi dent Madison against Great Britain, he was drafted into the service of his country. He went from Alex andria, Huntingdon Co., to Erie, starting on the 6th day of May of the same year, in Capt. Morris' com pany of Pennsylvania militia, and arrived there in due course of time after fatiguing marches. He, among others of his company, volunteered to go on board of a vesssel to the assistance of Commodore BENCH AND BAR. 93 Perry at the celebrated battle of Lake Erie, which was fought on the 10th of September, 1813, and ar rived at the bloody scene about an hour after the battle was over, and was rejoiced to learn that victory had perched upon the American flag. Afterwards he was stationed at Fort Maiden, in Upper Canada, a fort which has long since fallen into ruins. At or about the time of his discharge he was promoted to a captaincy, and was commissioned by Governor Simon Snyder, and commanded a company of volunteers about fifteen years. So much for his military career. Capt. John Stewart was a Democrat of the old school, of the straightest sect, and prominent in his party, probably the most influential man in his town ship for many years. He was always a host within himself in that Democratic stronghold, " Old Barree," and many of the rank and file looked up to him and learned their political lessons from him. Although a strong partisan, he never appeared to have any han kering after the spoils of victory, that cohesive power by which parties are held together, sometimes, more than by principle. On the 23d of March, 1846, his military title was exchanged for a civil one. Capt. Stewart now became Judge Stewart. Governor Shunk at that time com missioned him an associate judge of the courts of Huntingdon County, and he served out his term of five years, after which the associate judges were elected. On the bench he was attentive, careful, and conscientious in the discharge of his duties. In person he was tall, large, and well formed, and of a fair and sandy complexion ; a man of re markable firmness, pure morals, and good habits; an agreeable and entertaining companion, a good neigh bor and good citizen. He departed this life on the 16th of October, 1861, in the seventy-sixth year of his age. He died at his residence on his farm near Manor Hill, deeply and sincerely lamented by his numerous friends and acquaintances. Jonathan McWilliams was a native of Spruce Creek Valley, Huntingdon Co., Pa.,- where he re sided from his birth down to within a few years of the time of his death. He represented Huntingdon County in the Legislature of the State two sessions, having been elected in 1842 and in 1843, three years before the organization of Blair County. He was the last associate judge in the county appointed by the Governor, his commission being dated the 4th of April, 1851. The office having become elective, he was elected in the fall of the same year, and served out his term, ending in 1856, when he was succeeded by Benjamin F. Patton. Judge McWilliams was one of the founders of the Huntingdon County Agricultural Society, and be came its first president. He took a great interest in agriculture, and was a warm and consistent advocate of the cause of temperance, as well as of other moral reformation and improvement, a man of very gen eral and correct information. In person he was tall, slender, and erect. He was an elder in the Presbyte rian Church, and manifested a deep interest in church affairs, exemplifying his profession by a Christian walk and conversation. These characteristics shone conspicuously in his judicial life. He removed to McVeytown, Mifflin Co., in November, 1866, and died at that place on the 2d of September, 1870. He was born in Franklin township on the 3d of June, 1797, and was at the time of his death aged seventy- three years and three months. Thomas Finney Stewart, one of the associate judges of Huntingdon County, was born in Hanover township, Dauphin Co., Pa. His grandfather, Samuel Stewart, was born near Glasgow, in Scotland, and emi grated to this country in 1735 with his family, among whom was Samuel T. Stewart, an infant, born in 1734, who grew up and performed good military service in the Revolutionary war, and became the father of Thomas Finney Stewart, the subject of this sketch. Thomas F. Stewart was born on the 11th of August, 1794. His mother's maiden name was Nancy Calhoun. He was only eight years of age when his father died, and nine teen when his mother and family moved to Spruce Creek, Centre Co., in 1813. He drove a two-horse wagon freighted with the most valuable articles, while his mother and his brother David made the trip on horseback, and his sister Margaret in the stage. His brother William C. had gone there a year or more before the family moved. His elder brothers, William C. and David, became members of the well- known firm of Lyon, Shorb & Co., extensively engaged in the manufacture of iron. His sister, Margaret A., the youngest of the family, was married to John Lyon in July, 1820. Thomas F. Stewart resided on a farm on Shaver's Creek, in West township, and pursued the business of farming. He was elected an associate judge in October, 1851, on the Democratic ticket. He moved to Petersburg, where he spent the latter years of his life in retirement. Judge Stewart was well informed on all ordinary subjects, had an . extensive acquaintance with the people of the upper and middle portions of the county, and was therefore well qualified to perform the duties devolving upon him as an associate judge. His conduct was characterized by uprightness and impartiality, and gave general satisfaction. He was of Presbyterian ancestry through a long line, but in early life he imbibed the faith of the Methodist Episcopal Church and united with that denomination. He was the only one of the family who forsook the faith of his fathers, and he lived a consistent Christian life and retained the new faith to the end of his days. In 1818 he married Mary, daughter of John and Nancy Bailey, of Penn's Valley. They had fifteen children, seven of whom died in infancy. Of the remaining eight only five are now (September, 1882) living. His widow survived him but a short time, and died in 1866. 94 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Judge Thomas F. Stewart was a man of fine per sonal appearance, a little over medium size, of regular features, hair turned gray in his latter years, modest and unassuming and pleasant in manner and conver sation. He died at his home in Petersburg on the • 8th of August, 1864, aged seventy years less two days. John Brewster was elected an associate judge in October, 1856, and served until the time of his death, which occurred late in the fall of 1859. He was a resident of the borough of Shirleysburg at the time of his election and at the time of his death, and was extensively engaged in the business of tanning. In January, 1840, a great calamity befell him which cast a gloom upon him for the remainder of his life. On the 2d of January, in the small hours of the night, his dwelling-house was discovered to be on fire and the flames bursting through the roof. His aged mother and a grandson aged about six years and a female relative of the family all perished in the flames. A very deep snow had fallen in the night, and the fire had made such fearful progress before it was discovered that it was impossible to aid the suf ferers sufficiently to make their escape. Judge Brewster had accumulated a large estate, the greater portion of which he gave to religious and charitable institutions in his lifetime. He was a member of the Presbyterian Church, and contributed quite liberally to it and institutions connected with it. He was a large man, well informed, attentive to business, and highly esteemed by all who knew him. John Long was appointed an associate judge by Governor Packer on the 9th of December, 1859, to fill a vacancy occasioned by the death of Judge Brewster, and served till the first Monday in Decem ber, 1860, when he was succeeded by his brother-in- law, William B. Leas. His father, Christian Long, came from Maryland to Huntingdon County about the year 1790, and was called to the ministry in the German Baptist Church in early life, and labored faithfully until he was called hence. He was at the time of his, death a bishop. Judge Long was born in this county, and was of the faith of his father. For a while he followed agri cultural pursuits successfully, and in 1829 he engaged in the mercantile business in Shirleysburg, and con tinued in that business for many years, and during this time he was appointed associate judge, as above stated. For some years before his death he had re tired from business. His conduct during his brief judicial career gave general satisfaction. He was an honest man, of stately form and presence, and was held in great esteem by all who knew him. He died at his home in Shirleysburg on the 15th of Decem ber, 1877, in the eighty-second year of his age. William B. Leas was born in Perry County, Pa., on the 7th of February, 1812 ; took up his residence in Shirleysburg in August, 1829, and continued to reside there till the time of his death ; was elected an associate judge in October, 1860, . succeeding his brother-in-law, John Long, who had been appointed to fill a vacancy occasioned by the death of John Brewster, whose term would not have expired until December, 1861. Thus we had three associate judges within a period of five years, — Brewster for three years, Long for one, and Leas for one, — all from Shir leysburg. But Judge Leas was elected for a full term aud served it out, ending on the first Monday in De cember, 1865, and thus we have a precession of one year in the election of our associate judges. Judge Leas was in business for nearly fifty years merchandising, farming, and tanning. During this time he also served in many of the borough offices and as postmaster under several administrations. He was also a stockholder and director in the Union Bank of Huntingdon. In July, 1871, he, in company with Rev. Dr. A. K. Bell and Rev. J. W. Evans,' started on a tour to Europe, and traveled all through England, Scotland, and Ireland and a great portion of the Continent. He wrote numerous interesting and instructive letters home during his journeyings, which were published in the newspapers and exten sively read. He accumulated a large estate from the profits of his business, which- he left to his family after making liberal bequests to the Baptist Church, of which he was a working member, and to other religious and charitable institutions. As an associate judge, the duties of his office were all discharged with that scrupulous care and atten tion which characterized all the social and business relations of his life. He died very suddenly in the cars on the Pennsyl vania Railroad, just after entering them at. Mount Union, on his way to Huntingdon, on the 17th of February, 1882, aged seventy years and ten days. He was buried at Shirleysburg. Next come the living associate and ex-associate judges of the county. The oldest and longest re tired of these is Benjamin F. Patton, who was elected in 1856 and re-elected in 1861. He was residing in the vil lage of Warrior's Mark at the time of his election, where he had been a justice of the peace for a num ber of years and also engaged in the mercantile busi ness. After the expiration of his second term he removed to Altoona, Blair Co., where he is now living at an advanced age. Anthony J. Beaver, of Penn township, was elected in 1865 and re-elected in 1870. He had served in the Union army, and lost an arm in the war of the Rebellion. He had returned but recently, when he was nominated by the Republican party and elected. He is now engaged in the mercantile business at James Creek. He is apparently about fifty years of age and in good health. David Clarkson, of Cassville, was elected in 1866, and again in 1871. He is now living in Cassville, where he is engaged as a cabinet-maker and under- BENCH AND BAR. 95 taker. He is active and apparently about sixty-five years old. He had, previous to his election as an as sociate judge, served as a justice of the peace and as director of the poor. Adam Heeter, of Clay township, was elected in 1875. At the end of his term he retired to his farm, in the same township, where he is now engaged in farming. In 1867 he was elected a director of the poor. He is about sixty years of age, in good health, and active. Graffus Miller, of the borough of Hunting don, was elected on the Democratic ticket in 1876, and served one term, ending in 1881. He was en gaged in the mercantile business before his election, which business he carried on during his term of office, and continues yet. He had served a term as sheriff of the county from 1856 to 1859. John Laporte, of Franklin township, was elected in 1880, and is now the senior associate judge in commission. George W. Johnston was elected from the bor ough of Huntingdon in 1881, to succeed Judge Mil ler. He held the office of sheriff of the county from 1862 to 1865. He also served as jury commissioner in 1874 by appointment. He had previously been engaged in the mercantile business successively at Petersburg and at Huntingdon, and was well qualified for the duties devolving upon associate judges. He is in his seventy-fourth year. Here follow the living members of the bench and bar. Limited space will only allow a few lines to be devoted to each. The associate judges will be in troduced in the order of their commissions, and the attorneys in the order of the date of their admission to the bar. John Dean, the present able and efficient presi dent judge of the Twenty-fourth Judicial District, resides in Hollidaysburg, and as a chapter is devoted to the bench and bar of Blair County, no further mention is made of him here than to say that he is the immediate successor of Judge Taylor, having been elected in 1871, and re-elected in 1881. John Williamson is the senior living member of the Huntingdon County bar. He was born in Washington City, D. O, on the 14th of February, 1796. His father was of Scotch and his mother of German descent. He studied law in the office of James M. Kelley, in Indiana, Pa., and was admitted to the bar at that place in September, 1819. He was admitted at Huntingdon at April term, 1821, and from that time to the present he has been a citizen of Huntingdon, where he has been in active practice ever since down to about the year 1865, with the ex ception of the interval of his residence in Washing ton while in office there. His practice continued through some forty years, during a great portion of which time he was concerned in the trial of nearly all the criminal cases in the county, generally for the defense, and was very successful. He was not long at the bar till he divided his time and attention between law and politics, and in 1830 was elected to the lower branch of the State Legisla ture, with John Blair, over Alexander Dysart and Henry Beaver, as a volunteer candidate. In 1832 he was a candidate for the State Senate, and received 2170 votes in Huntingdon County to 1 650 cast for George McCulloch, his competitor, but he was defeated by the other counties in the district, — Mifflin, Cambria, and Juniata. In 1836 he was a candidate for Congress, and re ceived 1922 votes in the county, while the opposing candidate, W. W. Potter, received but 1793. This dis trict, too, was Democratic, and Mr. Williamson was defeated by the other counties in it, — Centre and Mifflin. In March, 1841, President Harrison appointed him recorder of the land office at Washington, in which he served till the end of President Tyler's adminis tration.- Mr. Williamson is a large man, well formed, of fine general appearance, courteous and affable, of good conversational powers and general intelligence, full of keen wit and humor, and a genial and pleasing companion. He can speak the German language, and this makes him popular too among the Germans. He has often been pressed into service in court as in terpreter when German witnesses had to be examined who could neither speak nor understand English. He is now (August, 1882) in his eighty-seventh year, in a good state of preservation for an octogenarian, with his mental powers but little, if any, impaired. William P. Orbison ranks next to Mr. William son in point of seniority. He is the son of William Orbison, deceased, a former member of the same bar; was born Nov. 4, 1814, at Huntingdon ; attended the Huntingdon Academy, Jefferson College, Canons- burg, Pa., where he graduated in September, 1832; read law in Huntingdon with the late John G. Miles for two years and a half, entered the law school at Carlisle, where he remained six months, graduating in November, 1835, and was admitted to the bar at Carlisle at November term of that year. He then returned to Huntingdon, and was admitted to the bar on Nov. 12, 1835. In the spring of 1836 he entered into partnership with James M. Bell, and continued with him until Mr. Bell removed to Hollidaysburg in 1845. Mr. Orbison afterwards continued to practice by himself. He was president of the First National Bank of Huntingdon from 1871 to 1878, succeeding James M. Bell. He is now, at the close of the year 1882, in a good state of preservation. David Blair was born in Dublin township, Hunt ingdon Co. ; son of the late John Blair, deceased; educated at Washington College, Washington, Pa. ; studied law in the same place in the office of William Baird until he died, and then in the office of Messrs. Leet & Atchison, and was admitted to the bar of Washington County in June, 1836. He was admitted 96 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. to the bar in Huntingdon on the 8th of August, 1836, and has practiced here ever since. Mr. Blair was appointed county treasurer three times, in 1838, 1839, and 1840. In 1846 he was elected a member of the House of Representatives, and re elected in 1847. He has also been elected to borough offices, such as school director aud burgess, and has lately vacated the office of chief burgess. Theodore H. Cremer was born at York, Pa., March 16, 1817 ; son of Abraham Cremer and Mary M., his wife, whose maiden name was Haller. He attended the best private schools and the York County Academy before the era of common schools. In 1837 he read law in his native town in the office of Robert J. Fisher (afterwards president judge). In 1838-39 he read law in the office of James Arm strong, at Williamsport, Pa. In December, 1839, he read law and clerked in the prothonotary's office in Huntingdon under James Steel, and in the latter part of 1840 entered the law school connected with Dickinson College, at Carlisle, Pa., and graduated with the class of 1841, went to York, and was ex amined and admitted to the bar there on the 3d of August of that year, then returned to Huntingdon, and was admitted on the 10th of the same month, from which date to the present he has been a resident of Huntingdon. In 1848 he was elected prothonotary, and re-elected in 1851. At the end of his second term he resumed practice, and has continued at the bar ever since. In 1856 he was elected district attorney without oppo sition. He has also been honored with the offices of school director and chief burgess. William Dorris, only son of William Dorris, merchant, deceased, was born at Huntingdon, on the 10th of September, 1822. After preparing himself in the schools and academy in his native town, he en tered Lafayette College, at Easton, Pa., from which he graduated in September, 1840. He then entered the office as a student of Messrs. Miles & Taylor, attorneys in full practice in Huntingdon, and after the usual course of study was admitted to the bar on the 15th of August, 1843. During a portion of his student life and as a part of his training for the bar he clerked in the office of the prothonotary, a good school in which to acquire a knowledge of legal busi ness. Soon after his admission he entered into part nership with John G. Miles, one of his preceptors, taking the place of Mr. Taylor, and the firm prac ticed under the name of Miles & Dorris from that time until Mr. Miles removed to Peoria, 111., after which Mr. Dorris continued to practice at his resi dence at the northwest corner of Fourth and Penn Streets, within two hundred feet of his birthplace, ever since. Messrs. Miles & Dorris were the resident attorneys of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company during the time' of its construction, and until the dissolution of the firm, and Mr. Dorris has been con tinued in that capacity down to the present time. During the war of the Rebellion, in 1862, Mr, Dorris was appointed colonel of the Third Regiment of Pennsylvania Militia, and served during the threatened invasion which was repelled at Antietam, John Scott was born at Alexandria,, on the 14th of July, 1824, and is of Scotch-Irish descent. His father, also named John Scott, was a major of volun teers in the war of 1812, and was elected to Congress in 1828, in the district composed of the counties of Huntingdon, Mifflin, Centre, and Clearfield, and rep resented said district in the Twenty-First Congress. His son, the subject of this brief sketch, received such an education as the schools of his native village afforded, and afterwards was instructed by private teachers in Latin and Greek. In 1842 he entered as a student the law office of Alexander Thompson, in Chambersburg, and at the end of the usual course of study was admitted to the bar. He returned to his native county, and was admitted to practice in its several courts on the 23d of January, 1846, and opening an office in Huntingdon, was soon afterwards appointed deputy attorney-gen eral for the county, and discharged the duties of that office for several years with marked fidelity and ability. He possessed talents of such a high order that he was at once recognized as the leader of the Huntingdon bar, and ranked with the ablest lawyers in the interior of the State. His health failing, in 1853 he visited Europe, in company with the elder William Dorris, and was much benefited by his trip. In 1861, although a Democrat, he was elected to the State Legislature without opposition, the county being Republican. He was a war Democrat, and acted with the Republicans in the organization of the House. He advocated the re-election of Governor Curtin in 1863, and the re-election of President Lin: coin in 1864. In the canvass of 1868 he took an active part in the support of the Republican ticket, and his able arguments before the masses of the people at tracted public attention towards him as a suitable successor to 'Mr. Buckalew in the United States Senate, and. when the Legislature convened he was elected to that important position, and took his seat on the 4th of March, 1869, and served till the end of his term of six years. Space will not permit a review of Mr. Scott's senatorial career. Th e reader is referred to the " Con gressional Record" for that, and it will be found that the State and nation suffered no detriment at his hands. He fulfilled the predictions of the Pittsburgh Gazette at the time of his election : " Being a lawyer of great depth and acute discernment, it may be naturally supposed that he will soon take a front rank with the foremost in Congress, peculiarly in ques tions involving international law and the interested protection of home manufactures, a subject on which he is well informed and entertains broad and favorable views." Mr. Scott is at present residing in Philadelphia, but ..\Knll &Sm~,i*^'^- BENCH AND BAR. 97 he has never severed his connection with the Hunt ingdon bar. He still owns his former place of resi dence here, and has other interests and associations that bring him into our courts occasionally as counsel and attorney. He is at present general solicitor for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. When in full practice in Huntingdon, Mr. Scott had associated with him Samuel T. Brown, under the firm-name of Scott & Brown, and after John M. Bailey was admitted to the bar he became a partner, and the firm-name was changed to Scott, Brown & Bailey. Mr. Scott withdrew from the firm in or about the year 1870. Robert Bruce Petrikin, the subject of this sketch, was born at Muncy, Lycoming Co., Pa., on the 12th day of September, 1826. His father, Wil liam A. Petrikin, was born in Bellefonte, Pa., where his paternal grandfather, William Petrikin, a native of Scotland, settled in 1798. The maiden name of his mother was Margaret Montgomery, the eldest daughter of John Montgomery. He received his academic education at the academy of the Rev. Dr. Shedden, at McEwensville, Pa., and completed his collegiate education at Lafayette Col lege, Easton, Pa. He soon afterwards removed to Huntingdon, and on the 17th day of June, 1847, entered on the study of the law in the office of Andrew Porter Wilson, then and for many years afterwards an eminent and successful lawyer. On the 13th of August, 1849, he was admitted to practice law in the several courts of Huntingdon County, and entered at once upon a lucrative practice as a partner with his late tutor, Gen. Wilson. From the outset of his profes sional career he was noted for his industry, energy, and professional skill. At the breaking out of the Rebellion he enlisted as a private soldier, and was elected major of the Fifth Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers. He served with distinction in the army, and at the expiration of his term of service returned to Huntingdon and re sumed the practice of his profession, to which he has ever since devoted his time and energy. He soon afterwards married Mary Pohl, a daughter of Henry Pohl, of Philadelphia, and the result of this union is two daughters and three sons, the eldest of whom is pursuing his studies at Yale College. Although elected to the Senate of Pennsylvania in the fall of 1870, which position he filled for three years, he has not sought or seemed to desire political preferment. His term in the Senate was marked by a desire on his part to introduce and pass wholesome acts, many of which emanating from his pen became laws, notably among which was the act establishing the fishery system and fishery commission for the State of Pennsylvania, the law prohibiting the fre quent changes in school-books, and the law giving to laborers, miners, and others a lien for wages. He is a gentleman of strong convictions, of pleasant 7 and genial manners, and is intensely devoted to his friends. He detests ingratitude and infidelity. He is a fine scholar and a strong, terse writer. Now past the meridian of life, he is in the possession of excellent health, and with his ripe experience as a lawyer and his love for his books, and with his well- stored and well-poised legal mind, he might justly be styled " the mentor" of the Huntingdon bar. Samuel T. Brown was born in Mifflin County, Pa., on the 21st of March, 1827. He received his education in schools taught by his father, John Brown, before the era of common schools, and in a private school taught by Rev. James Nourse, in Milroy, Mifflin Co., Pa. In April, 1849, he commenced the study of law under the instruction of Thomas P. Campbell, and was admitted to practice in the several courts of Huntingdon County on the 12th of April, 1852. He then went to Ridgway, Elk Co., with a view to prac tice there; but finding that region too much of a wilderness, after waiting six months for clients who did not come, he pulled down his "sbingle" and came back to Huntingdon, and after teaching school a term or two, and serving in the engineer corps on the Huntingdon and Broad Top Railroad, he entered into partnership in the practice of law with John Scott in October, 1853, and continued his law part ner until his election to the United States Senate, and for about a year afterwards. Mr. Bailey also be came a member of the firm soon after his admission to the bar. In 1868, Mr. Brown was elected to the lower branch of the State Legislature, and was an active member of that body at the time that Mr. Scott, his partner, was elected to the United States Senate. Mr. Brown was elected district attorney in 1858, and served till the close of 1861. He has also served in various borough offices, such as chief burgess, school director, and in other positions. He is now the senior partner in the firm of Brown, Bailey & Brown. John W. Mattern was born in Franklin town ship, Huntingdon Co., on the 12th of October, 1821; was educated in the schools of the neighborhood, and partially at Allegheny College, at Meadville; worked with his father, Samuel Mattern, at the woolen man ufacturing business in Franklinville until April, 1849. In February, 1852, he commenced the study of the law with John Scott; was admitted at April term, 1854, and has continued in the practice ever since that time. He held the office of deputy United States collector for a part of Huntingdon County in 1862-63, and is now holding a position to which he was recently appointed in the Pension Office at Washington City. William H. Woods was born at Lewistown, Pa., on the 17th of May, 1829; son of Rev. James Woods, for many years pastor of the Presbyterian Church in that place ; attended the academy at Lewistown ; en- 98 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. tered the college at Princeton, N. J., from which he graduated in 1848 ; read law with his brother, Samuel S. Woods, late president judge of Lewistown, now deceased, and was admitted to the bar of Mifflin County in 1858. He came to Huntingdon, and was admitted to practice on the 12th of January, 1859, opened an office, and has been in successful practice ever since. Prior to his admission as an attorney he conducted Milnwood Academy, at Shade Gap, in this county, for several years, and had also been engaged as a teacher in other institutions of learning. Robert Milton Speer was born on the 8th of September, 1838, at Cassville, Huntingdon Co., and was educated at Cassville Seminary. After teaching school for several terms he commenced the study of the law in April, 1857, with Messrs. Wilson & Pet rikin, in Huntingdon, and continued with them until the 14th of November, 1859, when he was examined and admitted to the bar. In the spring of 1860 he opened an office in Huntingdon, where he has been in full and successful practice ever since. In January, 1863, he was elected assistant clerk of the House of Representatives at Harrisburg. In 1870 he received the Democratic nomination for Congress and was elected, and in 1872 he was renomi nated and re-elected, the district being composed of the counties of Huntingdon, Blair, Cambria, and Mifflin, and he served and represented this district in the Forty-second and Forty-third Congresses to the satisfaction of his constituents. In 1872, Mr. Speer was a delegate to the National Convention which met at Baltimore and nominated Horace Greeley for President, and in 1878 he was chairman of the State Democratic Committee, and in 1880 he was a delegate at large from Pennsylvania to the National Democratic Convention that nominated Gen. Hancock for President. Mr. Speer has also served his neighbors aud fellow- citizens in the Borough Council, and two successive terms as school director, the last term as president of the board. Mr. Speer has had associated with him, his brother- in-law, E. S. McMurtrie, in the practice of law, since August, 1866. John Mumper Bailey, whose paternal ancestry was of English and his maternal of German descent, was born in Dillsburg, York Co., Pa., July 11, 1839. His father, Samuel N. Bailey, represented York County in the State Legislature for three consecutive terms, and was also lieutenant-colonel of the Twelfth Pennsylvania Reserves. Mr. Bailey was educated in the common schools of his day, and also attended several terms of the Tus carora Academy in Juniata County, then in charge of Professor J. H. Shumaker. Before completing his academic education he was under the necessity of earning money with which to pay his tuition fees, and in the fall of 1857 commenced teaching the district schools in the townships of Walker, Porter and Franklin in Huntingdon County, which he continued during the winter terms until the spring of I860, when, as a student, he entered the law-office of Scott & Brown, in Huntingdon, composed of John Scott, who subsequently became a United States senator and is now general solicitor for the Pennsylvania Railroad at Philadelphia, and Samuel T. Brown, with whom he is now associated in the practice of the law. He continued to teach school during the winter seasons and study law the balance of the year till Aug. 11, 1862, when he was admitted to the bar, Soon after his admission to the bar he became asso ciated with his former preceptors, under the firm- name of Scott, Brown & Bailey, which relation con tinued uninterruptedly and with the utmost harmony until the election of Mr. Scott to a seat in the United States Senate in 1869, after which the business was continued under the firm-name of Brown & Bailey until 1882, when Charles G. Brown, a son of his part- ; ner, became a member of the firm, and the partner ship name changed to Brown, Bailey & Brown, as it is still continued. Mr. Bailey has devoted his whole time to his pro fession, and but little or none of it to politics, and has never been a candidate for any political office except for delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1872- 73, when he was nominated by the Democratic party and elected to represent in part the counties of Hun tingdon, Centre, Mifflin, and Juniata, these consti tuting the Twenty-second Senatorial District. In the convention he served on the committees of " revenue, taxation and finance," " commissions, offices, oaths of office, and incompatibilities of office." He has also served his townsmen in the councils of the borough of Huntingdon. Mr. Bailey was married in the spring of 1869 to Miss Lettie Fisher, daughter of Thomas Fisher, of Huntingdon. P. M. Lytle, son of Nathaniel Lytle, was born in i Franklin township, at the village of Spruce Creek, on the 6th of February, 1840. He was educated in the common schools of his native township and of the ad- j joining township of Morris, and at Tuscarora Academy, Academia, Pa. At about the age of twenty he entered! the office of Messrs. Wilson & Petrikin as a student, ] and was admitted to practice in the several courts of Huntingdon County on the 11th of August, 1862. He has continued in practice in Huntingdon ever since. William McK. Williamson, son of Rev. Mc Knight Williamson, was born in Juniata County, Pa., on the 29th of June, 1840, educated at Milnwood Academy, at Shade Gap, Huntingdon County, Pa, read law in Huntingdon, in the office of his brother- in-law, William H. Woods, and was admitted to prac tice in the several courts of the county on the 17th of January, 1865. He immediately entered into part- ] nership with Mr. Woods, his preceptor, and continued i /£. M. . Jft^ bit John Scwt&t*' ffvU'--' r<%&/3c^ BENCH AND BAR. 99 in that relation until his appointment to the office of prothonotary by Governor Hartranft, on Nov. 22, 1877, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Lewis M. Stewart, and was nominated and elected to the same office in 1878, and again in 1881, and is the present incumbent. G. Barton Armitage was born at Huntingdon, on the 6th of February, 1846. He is the son of John Armitage, who was elected sheriff in 1844, and had been deputy sheriff during the whole term of Sheriff Shaver, and read law afterwards and was admitted to the bar on the 21st of November, 1853, and died in the spring of 1857. He was educated in the select schools of Huntingdon and at the Huntingdon Acad emy, studied law in the office of Messrs. Scott & Brown,' and was admitted to practice on the 14th of August, 1865. Milton S. Lytle, son of Nathaniel Lytle, and brother of P. M. Lytle, wa's born in Franklin town ship, Huntingdon Co., Pa., on the 19th of Octo ber, 1842, educated at the public schools and at the Pennsylvania State College, read law in the office of R. M. Speer, and in the office of Messrs. Benedict, Stewart & Lytle, in Huntingdon, and was admitted to practice on the 13th of August, 1866. He was elected district attorney in 1869. He is the author of the " History of Huntingdon County," published in 1876, a work of merit. K. Allen Lovell was born in Cass township, July 20, 1841. He received his education in the common schools, supplemented by study at $. B. Kidder's seminary in Shirleysburg and State Normal School at Millersville. He studied law with Messrs. Scott & Brown at Huntingdon, and was admitted to the bar Aug. 10, 1864. He commenced practice in November, 1865, and was appointed district attorney in 1866, was re-elected, and served in this capacity for three years. In 1877 was elected chief burgess of Huntingdon borough, and also served as chairman of the board of health. (For a more complete biography see Huntingdon borough.) E. Stewart McMurtrie, son of William E. Mc Murtrie, was born in Huntingdon on the 13th of Au gust, 1842, graduated at Jefferson College, Washing ton, Pa., on the 4th of September, 1864, studied law in Indiana, Pa., with Messrs. Stewart & Clark, and was admitted there in June, 1866, and in Huntingdon on the 13th of August following, and immediately formed a partnership with his brother-in-law, R. M. Speer, under the firm-name of Speer & McMurtrie, and has continued in that relation ever since. J. Randolph Simpson, son of John Simpson, was born in Huntingdon, Dec. 13, 1841, educated in the public schools of the borough at intervals between working on his father's farm, in a carpenter-shop, and clerking in a book-store. He entered the army and was sworn into service 16th of August, 1862, became sergeant of Company C, One Hundred and Twenty- fifth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, was wounded Sept. 17, 1862, at the battle of Antietam. His brother, George W., of the same company, color-sergeant, was killed in the same battle. Mr. Simpson, after being in the hospital and home on furlough, was discharged on the 6th of April, 1863, on account of disability, after wards taught school two years in Huntingdon, com menced the study of law with A. W. Benedict in March, 1864, took charge of the prothonotary's office for W. C. Wagoner in August, 1865, and was himself nomi nated and elected to the office of prothonotary the following year, receiving a majority of ten hundred and thirty-five over his competitor, and the largest vote of any candidate on the ticket. He acted as prothonotary to the end of his term, and declined a renomination. He was admitted to the bar on the 15th of August, 1866. On the 23d of January, 1869, he formed a law partnership with G. Barton Armitage, under the name of Simpson & Armitage, and in December of the same year a partnership in the insurance business, under the name of G. B. Armitage & Co. H. E. Shaffer was born in Lewisburg, Union Co., Pa., Aug. 21, 1844, was educated in the common schools, and at Airy View Academy, Port Royal, Juniata Co., under the care of Prof. David Wilson, began reading law on the 21st of August, 1862, with James S. Linn, in Lewisburg, father of John Blair Linn, and continued with him until August, 1864, when he went to Mansfield, Ohio, and read law in the office of Senator M. M. May until June 24, 1866, when he was examined and admitted in the District Court in session at Bucyrus, Crawford Co., Ohio, to practice in all the courts in Ohio, and on the 13th of April, 1868, he was admitted to practice in the several courts of Huntingdon County. In 1868, Mr. Shaffer moved to Fulton County, and for four years practiced law, and at the same time edited the Republican. In 1872 he removed to Mount Union, opened an office there, and has been in prac tice ever since. He has been admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania and in the Dis trict Court of the United States. Samuel E. Fleming, son of James Fleming, late of the borough of Huntingdon, deceased, was born at Manor Hill, Huntingdon Co., on the 31st of January, 1845. He was educated in the common schools of Barree township and at Tuscarora Academy, Acade- mia, Juniata Co., read law with R. Milton Speer, and was admitted to the bar on the 10th of August, 1868, and has been in practice ever since, and has also been editor of the Huntingdon Monitor for over eight years, and joint owner of it with Mr. Speer. M. M. McNeil was born near Three Springs, Jan. 9, 1847. At the age of fourteen years he was sent to the academy at Martinsburg, Blair Co., Pa.; at six teen commenced teaching common schools during the winter and attending the State Normal School at Mil lersville during the summer, until the fall of 1866, when he entered the office of R. Milton Speer as law 100 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. student, and remained with him until the time of his admission to the bar, on the 10th of August, 1868. In 1869 he was elected prothonotary and clerk of the Courts of Quarter Session and Oyer and Termi ner for the term of three years. After the expiration of his official term he entered into partnership with R. Bruce Petrikin and M. B. Massey, which part nership continued until the fall of 1875, when Mr. Massey, on account of failing health, withdrew, and the remaining partners have continued to practice under the name of Petrikin & McNeil. John Sylvanus Blair was born Jan. 31, 1848, in Harrisburg ; son of David Blair ; educated at Princeton College, New Jersey, where he graduated in 1866 ; studied law in Huntingdon, in the office of his father and in the office of William Dorris, and was admitted to the bar on the 10th of August, 1868, and practiced in Huntingdon until 1873, since which date he has been in the office of the Department of Justice at Washington City as assistant attorney. Thomas W. Myton is a native of West township, Huntingdon Co., born Feb. 13, 1842 ; was educated in the common schools ; studied law in the office of J. Sewell Stewart, and was admitted to the bar at Huntingdon on the 12th of August, 1868. He served in the war of the Rebellion, and lost an arm at Chancellorsville. Mr. Myton was elected treasurer of the county in 1865, and prothonotary and clerk of the criminal courts in 1872. In November, 1882, he was elected to the House of Representatives at Harrisburg to rep resent Huntingdon County for the next two years. Mr. Myton and J. F. Schock are partners, practicing under the name of Myton & Schock. J. Hall Musser was born in Jackson township, Huntingdon Co., on the 14th of January, 1844; son of William Musser, deceased, of said township. He attended the common schools, and at the age of six teen years entered the academy at Pine Grove Mills, Centre Co., and left said academy and entered the army on the 21st October, 1861, and remained in the military service until the close of the war. He again entered the same academy, and remained there about two years. In the spring of 1867 he entered the office of Messrs. Scott & Brown as a law student, and was admitted to practice on the 12th of April, 1869. In the fall of 1873 he was appointed by the court to act as district attorney during the protracted illness of H. C. Madden, who had been elected to that office. In the spring of 1874, while still acting district attor ney, he was appointed postmaster at Huntingdon, which position he held until the fall of 1881, when he resigned. David Caldwell was born at Water Street, Hunt ingdon Co., and was educated in the common schools of his native village, and in Alexandria and the old Hook school near Spruce Creek, after which he went to Hollidaysburg and learned the trade of tanning with his uncle David. In 1849 he came to Hunt ingdon, where his father, Samuel Caldwell, then re sided, and being still in his minority, he entered the public school at Huntingdon as a pupil, and finished his education, as far as the schools were concerned, in 1850. While at the Huntingdon school he studied surveying, and afterwards assisted his father, who was then deputy surveyor of the county. In the winter of 1850-51 he taught the Hook school, in Franklin township, where he had himself been a pupil from 1842 to 1846. During the next six years, from 1851 till 1857, he devoted his time and attention to clerk ing and managing at iron-works for Dr. Peter Shoen berger and others in the counties of Huntingdon and Bedford, and in the lumber and coal business in Cambria, until called home by the death of his father in May, 1857, to undertake the settlement of his estate. In October of the same year he was elected prothonotary and clerk of courts, and served three years. He was admitted to the bar on the 20th day of January, 1870, since which time he has continued in active practice. (For a sketch of his ancestors, see Porter township.) H. Clay Madden was born at Maddensville, Huntingdon Co., on the 13th of March, 1845 ; edu cated in common schools, and one term at Milnwood Academy, afterwards at Academia, Juniata Co. At tended Law Department of the University of Iowa City, Iowa, and was admitted in that State on the 30th of June, 1869, and of Huntingdon on the 14th of November, 1870, and has been in practice here continuously ever since. Mr. Madden was elected district attorney in 1872, for a full term of three years. He is now counsel for the county commissioners. William A. Fleming was born in Clarion County, Pa., on the 17th of September, 1845 ; educated two years at Dayton Union Academy, graduated Octo ber, 1866 ; attended during a two years' course in the Law Department of Michigan University, and gradu ated March, 1869. Afterwards studied law in the office of Judge McEnally, in Clearfield, Pa., for one year, and was admitted to the Clearfield bar in 1870, and to the Huntingdon bar on the 10th of April, 1871. Robert A. Orbison, son of William P. Orbison, was born in Huntingdon on the 31st of January, 1849, and received his education at the Huntingdon Academy and Washington and Jefferson College, Canonsburg, Pa., from which he graduated in 1868; read law in his father's office in Huntingdon for two years, after which he went to the Albany Law School one year, where he graduated, and was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of New York at Al bany. He then returned to Huntingdon, and was admitted to the bar on the 25th of May, 1871, and practiced here till 1877, when he went to Minnesota, and was admitted to practice in that State, and re mained there for about one year, then returned to Huntingdon, and remained in his father's office till July, 1880, when he went to Washington City, having been appointed assistant to the assistant attorney- foq; »»/ IfJUioli .1 Sii.,,tAc BENCH AND BAR. 101 general who had charge of defending claims against the United States in the Court of Claims. In August. 1882, he returned to Huntingdon, and has continued in practice with his father. J. F. Schock was born in Oneida township, Hunt ingdon Co., on the 13th of October, 1849. He is the son of William Schock, a prosperous farmer of that town ship. J. F. Schock was educated in the common schools and at the academy at Pine Grove, Centre Co., and at the seminary at Williamsport, Pa., and became a teacher in the common schools himself, teaching graded and other schools ; afterwards studied law in the office of Messrs. Scott, Brown & Bailey, and was admitted to practice in the several courts of Hunt ingdon County on the 20th day of June, 1872. After wards he was appointed deputy prothonotary under Thomas W. Myton, and also under his successor, Lewis M. Stewart, and after the death of the latter he held the office as acting prothonotary for a month or two, until a successor was appointed. Mr. Schock is the junior partner in the law firm of Myton & Schock; J. Chalmers Jackson, son of George Jackson, a highly-respected farmer of Jackson township, was born in said township on the 11th of November, 1847. He is a graduate of Jefferson College, of the class of 1871, and read law with Messrs. Petrikin & Massey, in Huntingdon, and was admitted to the bar on the 11th of November, 1872. Mr. Jackson was elected district attorney in 1875 for the term of three years. L. S. Geissinger was born in Juniata township on the 15th of February, 1851. He is the son of William Geissinger, an honored farmer of that township. He was educated in the common schools of Juniata and Walker districts, at Rainsburgsix months, six months at Millersville Normal School, and three years at Mer- cersburg College, Franklin Co., Pa. He studied law in Huntingdon in the office of Messrs. Scott, Brown & Bailey, and was admitted to practice in the several courts of the county on the 15th of January, 1873. . Mr. Geissinger was appointed notary public by Governor Hartranft in 1876, and reappointed by Governor Hoyt in 1879, and United States commis sioner on the 20th of March, 1882. He was counsel for the county commissioners in 1876-78. George B. Orlady, son of Dr. Henry Orlady, was born at Petersburg, Huntingdon Co., Pa., on the 22d of February, 1850. He received a common school education, after which he entered the State Agricul tural College, May 10, 1864, entered Bell's Mills Academy in December, 1866, and Washington and Jefferson College, Washington, Pa., in August, 1867, and graduated in August, 1869. Read medicine with his father, entered Jefferson Medical College, Phila delphia, in September, 1869, and graduated M.D. in March, 1871. Practiced medicine at Petersburg a short time. Studied law with Samuel S. Blair, Hol lidaysburg, and was admitted to the bar of Blair County in January, 1875. Came to Huntingdon, and was admitted to practice in the several courts on the 23d of March, 1875, and continued here and was elected district attorney in 1878, and re-elected in 1881. William W. Dorris, son of William Dorris, was born at Huntingdon on the 1st of March, 1852. After attending the academy at home, he entered Mantua Academy, West Philadelphia, from 1868 to 1870. Entered Lafayette College, class of 1874, at Easton, Pa., and remained there one year. Com menced reading law in the office of his father and with George B. Orlady, and was admitted to the bar on the 12th of April, 1876. He continues in the office with his father. Alexander Augustus Anderson, son of the late John P. Anderson, was born at Huntingdon on the 23d of April, 1854. Studied law with William Dor ris, in Huntingdon, and was admitted to practice in the several courts of Huntingdon County on the 12th of April, 1876, also admitted to the Philadelphia bar in January, 1877, and opened an office there for a short time, but returned again to his native town. Samuel L. Glasgow was born in the year 1827, in Huntingdon County (now Blair), near the spot where the city of Altoona afterwards assumed a name and a place on the map of the State and nation. He graduated from Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, in 1849. Afterwards taught the high School in Williams burg, Blair Co., Pa. Read law in Huntingdon, in the office of Andrew P. Wilson, and was admitted Jan. 13, 1852. After being at the bar a while he left it and followed other pursuits, but resumed the law after being examined and again admitted on the 16th of June, 1877. Davis G. Zeigler, son of Adam Zeigler, was born at Marklesburg, Huntingdon Co., Pa., on the 12th of February, 1850, educated in common schools and Huntingdon Academy, and one year at Ursinus College. He read law in Huntingdon, with Messrs. Brown & Bailey, and was admitted to practice on the 10th of April, 1878. B. J. Devor was born in Path Valley, Franklin ' Co., Pa., on the 29th of October, 1829, was educated in the common and select schools in all the English branches. He also studied geometry, surveying, and civil engineering, and is a practical surveyor. He also studied theology, and was examined before the board of examination of applicants to the ministry met at Johnstown, Pa., and was admitted to that body of ministers of the United Brethren in Christ's Church, Allegheny Conference, Pennsylvania. Mr. Devor read law with H. E. Shaffer, Mount Union, and was examined and admitted to the bar at Huntingdon on the 26th of November, 1878. He has an office in Mount Union, and does some survey ing in connection with his legal practice. James A. Fleming, son of James Fleming, late 102 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. of the borough of Huntingdon, deceased, and brother of Samuel E. Fleming, was born at Manor Hill, Jan. 22, 1856, educated at the Huntingdon Academy and Chambersburg Academy, read law in Hunting don with R. Milton Speer, and was admitted to the bar on the 18th of August, 1879. Mr. Fleming is an accomplished phonographer. L. H. Beers was born in Cromwell township, Huntingdon Co., on the 25th of August, 1852. He received his education in the common schools and at Milnwood Academy, Shade Gap, Allegheny Semi nary, Bedford, and at Dickinson Seminary, Wil- liamsport, Pa., and graduated at the last-named insti tution. He studied law in Huntingdon, in the office of Messrs. Brown & Bailey, and was admitted to the bar on the 20th of September, 1879. John D. Dorris, second son of William Dor ris, was born at Huntingdon, Pa., Oct. 14, 1858, and was educated at the Huntingdon Academy and at La fayette College, Easton, from which he graduated June 26, 1878 ; studied law with his father in Hunt ingdon, and was admitted to the bar of Huntingdon County on the 27th of September, 1880. Charles G. Brown, son of Samuel T. Brown, was born at Huntingdon on the 10th day of July, 1858. After attending private and select schools he entered the Huntingdon Academy, then in charge of Professor James A. Stephens, and there prepared for college, entered the freshman class at Lafayette Col lege, Easton, Pa., and pursued the regular classical course for four years, graduating in June, 1879, with the degree of A.B. He then entered the law-office of Messrs. Brown & Bailey, in Huntingdon, as a law student, and after the usual course of study and the prescribed time was admitted to practice on the 11th of April, 1881, and on the 1st of January fol lowing became associated as a partner with his father and John M. Bailey in the practice, under the name of Brown, Bailey & Brown. M. R. Shaffner was born near Roxbury, Hun tingdon Co., on the 5th of October, 1856, was edu cated in the common schools, and taught common schools for five years, registered as a law student with Messrs. Brown & Bailey on the 1st of April, 1879, and was admitted to the bar on the 25th of October, 1881. Howard E. Butz was born near Allentown, Le high Co., Pa., Nov. 30, 1859, educated in the public schools of Reading, and after graduating from the same, entered Union Seminary, at New Berlin, Pa., where upwards of three years' more were spent in ac quiring an English and classical education ; com menced to read law with Richmond L. Jones, at Reading, in February, 1880, and completed his course with Messrs. Petrikin & McNeil, at Huntingdon, and was admitted to the bar on the 10th of April, 1882. Mr. Butz is at present (Dec. 12, 1882) editing the Huntingdon Globe. William S. Taylor, youngest son of the late President Judge Taylor, was born at Huntingdon Aug. 25, 1853, educated at the common and select schools and academy at Huntingdon and Mantua Academy, Philadelphia, read latv with Hon. J. R. Ludlow, in Philadelphia, and with his father in Hun tingdon, also attended law lectures at University of Pennsylvania; admitted to the bar in Linn County, Iowa, Jan. 11, 1879, and to the bar of Huntingdon County Oct. 1, 1882. H. H. Waite was born in Tyrone township, Blah- Co., Jan. 27, 1852. His parents removed to War rior's Mark township, Huntingdon Co., in 1859. He received a common-school education, and subse quently followed the profession of teacher for nine years. He read law with George B. Orlady, and was admitted to the bar Jan. 8, 1883. Harry A. Brown, son of James A. Brown, was born March 30, 1861, in the borough of Huntingdon. Was educated at the public schools and the academy in his native borough, and afterwards attended La fayette College. Read law in the office of Messrs. Brown & Bailey, and was admitted to practice in the courts of Huntingdon County, Jan. 8, 1883. CHAPTER XVIII. MILITARY. In the military service of the province, before the Declaration of Independence, there were a number of officers connected with the territory now composing Huntingdon and Blair, either as residents. for a time, or as owners of land therein. Of these may be named, — 1755. Capt. George Croghan, " at Aughwick." " Dr. Mercer, '* at Fort Shirley." 1756. First Battalion, Lieut. Hugh Crawford. Second Battalion, Capt. Hugh Mercer, wounded in Armstrong's expedition to Kittanning. Second Battalion, Capt. Edward Ward1 (was in Kittanning expe dition). Third Battalion, Lieut. Asher Clayton,2 of Capt Sal tar's company, afterward promoted to adjutant. Governor Denny's Command. 1757. Dec. 1, Clayton became captain lieutenant of the provincial forces. Dec. 4, Hugh Mercer, capt.; Thomas Smallman,* lieut. ; Hngh Crawford, ensign of Hamilton's company. Dec. 13, Edward Ward, capt. 1758. Jan. 10, William McAlevy, enlisted as private in Capt. James Pat terson's company. In the Pennsylvania regiment, consisting of three battalions, commanded by Lieutenant-Governor Denny as colonel-in-chief: 1 Afterward owned the Big Spring tract at McConnellstown, land on Aughwick, and at other places. 2 Afterward owned a part of the land in the Fourth Ward, Hnnt ingd"n. s Afterward owned a large tract in Woodcock Valley. THE REVOLUTION. 103 First Battalion. 1758. May 5, Thomas Smallmnn, q.m. 1757. Dec. 4, Hugh Mercer, capt. 1758. March 11, Hugh Crawford, ensign of Hamilton's company. 1757. Dec. 13, Edward Ward, capt. 1759. April 20, maj. of Third Bat talion. Second Battalion. 1768. Jan. 9, Asher Clayton, capt. ; q.m. June 8th ; wounded at Grant's defeat near Fort Du Quesne, September 14th. 1759. March, Thomas Siuallman (from First Battalion). Tliird BaUalion. 1758. May 29, Hugh Mercer, col. 1759. April 23, Hugh Mercer, col. In 1760, April 12th, Asher Clayton was major of •the First Battalion ; April 13th, Hugh Mercer, colo nel, and Thomas Smallman, major of the Second Battalion. The Pennsylvania Regiment. — Second BaUalion. 1763. July 2, Asher Clayton, capt. 1764. July 2, lieut.-col. com mandant. July 19, John Brady, capt. " 20, John Piper, lieut. In August, 1764, the regiment mustered 912 men. Lieut.-Col. Clayton's company contained 47, and Capt. John Brady's, 48. The Revolution. — The oppressions and exactions of the mother-country were becoming more and more odious to the people, and were acting as educators to prepare the colonists for the impending contest, which, under Providence, was to result in their eman cipation from foreign rule. At a meeting of deputies chosen by the people of the several counties, held at Philadelphia, July 15, 1774, in which Bedford County was represented by George Woods, the Boston port bill and other Parliamentary measures affecting the people of the colonies were denounced, and a con gress of deputies from the several colonies to consult together and adopt some measures for the relief of grievances recommended. In, the Assembly, June 30, 1775, it was resolved " That this House approves the association entered into by the good people of this colony for the defense of their lives, liberties, and property." A Committee of Safety, consisting of twenty-five citizens, was appointed and authorized to call into actual service such number of the asso- ciators as they may judge proper. Organizations of "associators" were formed in most, if not all, the counties. The committee organized July 3d by the choice of Benjamin Franklin, president. Congress, July 18th, recommended that all able-bodied effective men between sixteen and fifty years of age should immediately form themselves into companies of mi litia, to consist of one captain, two lieutenants, one ensign, four sergeants, four corporals, one clerk, one drummer, one fifer, and about sixty-eight privates. The companies to be formed into regiments or bat talions, officered with a colonel, lieutenant-colonel, two majors, and an adjutant or quartermaster. All officers above the rank of captain to be appointed by the provincial authorities. Congress, June 14, 1775, authorized the raising of six companies of expert riflemen in Pennsylvania, two in Maryland, and two in Virginia, to join the army near Boston. On the 22d the " colony of Penn sylvania" was directed to raise two more companies, making eight in all, which were to be formed into a battalion. Lancaster County furnished two companies instead of one, and thus the battalion, which was com manded by Col. William Thompson, was swollen to nine companies. Besides the companies from Lan caster there were two from Cumberland, and one from each of the counties of York, Northumberland, Bedford, Berks, and Northampton. This command passed the Hudson above West Point about the 1st of August, and a few days thereafter reached Cam bridge. Thacher, in his " Military Journal of the Revolution," under date of August, 1775, thus de scribes this battalion : " They are remarkably stout and hardy men, many of them exceeding six feet in height. They are dressed in white frocks or rifle-shirts and round hats. These men are remarkable for the accuracy of their aim, striking a mark with great certainty at two hundred yards' distance. At a review, a company of them, while on a quick advance, fired their balls into objects of seven inches diameter at the distance of two hun dred and fifty yards. They are now stationed in our lines, and their shot have frequently proved fatal to British officers and soldiers who expose themselves to view, even at more than double the distance of common muBket-shot." By a return made at Cambridge on the 18th of August, three field-officers, nine captains, twenty- seven lieutenants, the adjutant, quartermaster, sur geon, and mate, twenty-nine sergeants, thirteen drum mers and fifers, and seven hundred and thirteen rank and file were present fit for duty. This battalion was designated the Second Regiment (and after Jan. 1, 1776, the First Regiment) " of the army of the United Colonies, commanded by His Excellency George Wash ington, Esquire, general and commander-in-chief." Two of the companies — one from Lancaster and one from Cumberland — were ordered to join the detach ment sent under Arnold to Quebec. The battalion was stationed on Prospect Hill, and subsequently on Cobble Hill. At first it was under the command of Gen. Lee, but subsequently became a part of Gen. Putnam's department. The British abandoned Bos ton March 17th, and soon after the regiment, under Lieut.-Col. Hand, marched to New York, aud was stationed at New Utrecht during May and June. The term of enlistment was for one year, and would soon expire. Washington wrote the president of Congress on the 22d of April from New York, — "The time for which the riflemen enlisted will expire on the 1st of Jul}- next, and as the Iobs of such a valuable and brave body of men will be of great injury to the service, I would submit it to the consideration of Congress whether it would not be best to adopt some method to in duce them to continue. They are, indeed, a very useful corps, but I need not mention this, as their importance is already known to the Congress." On the 1st day of July this body entered its second term of service as the " First Pennsylvania Regi ment" of the Continental line. The enlistment was for two years, but was subsequently changed to 104 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. "" during the war." Col. Hand wrote to Washington, asking him to recommend to Congress the appoint ment of a major for his regiment, and for his informa tion named his captains according to rank, as follows : Eobert Clugage, Matthew Smith, James Ross, Henry Miller, Charles Craig, James Grier, David Harris, James Parr, James Hamilton. On the 25th of Sep tember Congress appointed James Ross, the third captain, to the position of major. Clugage and Smith, learning that a junior captain had been ap pointed over them, resigned on the 6th of October. Capt. Clugage's dignified resignation, which is ac companied with hearty wishes for the success of the cause, will be found in " Force's Archives/' 5th ser., vol. ii. page 921.1 This regiment participated in vari ous battles during the continuance of the war up to its close. ROLL OF CAPT. ROBERT CLUGAGE'S COMPANY. Captain, Robert Clugage; First Lieutenant, John Holliday,2 commis sioned July 25,1775; Second Lieutenants, Robert McKenzie (died Feb. 12, 1776), Benjamin Burd,* from third lieutenant ; Third Lieu tenant, Benjamin Burd, October, 1775, promoted second lieutenant; Sergeants, James Holliday,4 Daniel Stoy,5 Quorinus Meriner, David Wright; Corporals, Angus McDonald, Joseph McKenzie, William Lee, Aquila White; Drummer, Timothy Sullivan. Privates. Anderson, Adam.6 Beckey, Philip. Bowman, JuhnJ Broughdon, Thaddeus.8 Brown, Thomas. Bruner, George. Campbell, John. Casek, Thomas. Cessna, Stephen. Clark, Patrick. Conner, Philip.9 Corrowan, James. Craig, Joshua.10 Crips, John. Crugen, Alexander. Cunningham, Thomas. Curran, James. Davis, John. Dilling, Cornelius. Donelin, William.11 Dougherty, Matthew.11 Dowting, Lawrence, Franks, Daniel. Freeman, George. Garrett, Arnariah. Gemberland, Daniel. Gill espy, Reuben, Hardister, Richard. Hanning, Conrad. Jamison, Francis.11 Johnston, Andrew.11 Judry, Matthias, KelIy,Juhn.King, Peter. Knight, James. Laird, William." Lenning, Charles. Leonard, Robert. Lesley, John. McCartney, Henry.13 1 Pa. Archives, Second Series, x. 305. 2 Promoted to captain of Ross1 company Sept. 25, 1776 ; resigned after 1778 ; died i n Frankstown township Aug. 19, 1823, aged seventy-six years. Supposed to he the John Holliday who owned a farm in " Love's Valley," Shirley township. 3 Promoted first lieutenant Sept. 25, 1776; from Fort Littleton or vicinity. 4 Promoted ensign July 27, 1776; killed at the battle of Brandywine Sept. 11, 1777. 5 Discharged at expiration of enlistment July 1, 1776, at Long Island. Resided in Somerset County in 1818, aged seventy-five, 6 Resided in Westmoreland County in 1818. 7 Resided in Frankstown township in 1785. 8 Discharged Feb. 10, 1776. 9 Re-enlisted in First Pennsylvania Regiment. ™ ReBided in Cumberland County, 1820. 11 Re-enlisted in First Pennsylvania Regiment. " Second lieutenant March 24, 1778 ; quartermaster Oct. 2, 1778, to rank from June 2, 1778 ; first lieutenant May 12, 1779; wounded in left leg at Paoli and in the right log at Monmouth ; discharged April 1, 1783. 13 Discharged at expiration of enlistment July 1, 1776, at Long Island. Resided in Lycoming County in 1820, aged seventy-five. McOlain, Daniel.14 McCune, John.14 McDonald, John. McDonald, Patrick. McFurlane, Thomas. Magee, Thomas.14 Mangum, Daniel. Miller, Michael. Piatt, Robert. Pitts, John. Plumb, Samuel.14 Reynolds, Martin. Rhoads, Daniel. Ritchie, Philip.14 Shehan, Thomas. Shives, Francis. Simouton, Alexander.15 Smith, Emanuel. Smith, Henry. Stoy, Daniel." Stuart, John. Taylor, Jonathan. Thompson, John. Turmoil, James. Tweed, Andrew. Vanzandt, James. Vanderslice, Daniel.1?" Vaughn, Thomases Wallace. Samuel.10 Walker, Solomon. War ford, James. Ward, Thomas.18 Wilson, Alexander. Whitman, George.18 Woodward, Samuel. Besides those whose names appear in the above lists there were many other persons residing in "Old Huntingdon" who participated in the Revolutionary struggle. Some enlisted here and never returned; others joined commands raised elsewhere, and became citizens here afterwards. Of the latter, those named below were residents in 1820, and applied for pensions under the act of Congress passed March 18, 1818 : 1. John Hutrhinson, enlisted in 1776, in Capt. Parr's company, 1st Pa. Regt; wounded at Long Mand and Paoli; discharged January, 1781. 2. John Boyle, aged 69 ; served two years in Capt. William Cross1 com pany and two years in Capt. Benjamin Fishbourne's company, 4th Pa. Regt. 3. Robert Dunkin, aged 65 ; enliBted for the war in Capt. Bette's com pany, 7th Md. Regt. 4. John Treese, enlisted April 20, 1776, in Capt. Henry Shade's company of Col. Miles' Pa. Rifle Regt. ; served one year and nine months. 5. Alexander Campbell, aged 73; served three years in Capt. Thomas Rabarg's company, in Col. James Malcolm's regiment of the New York line. 6. Alexander King, aged 68; enlisted in 1776 in Capt. Henry Darby's company of Col. Haslett's Del. Regt., and served one year; re-en listed Feb. 1, 1777, in Capt. Fishbourne's company, 4th Pa. Regt.; discharged January, 1781. 7. Joseph Geddes, aged 75 ; enlisted Jan. 20, 1776, in Capt. David Grier'a company, 6th Pa. Batt. 8. Adam Smith, second lieutenant of Capt. William Hyser's company of the German regiment; enlisted in 1776, and served Bixteen months. 9. Martin Clabbaugh, aged 77; enlisted in 1775; was at Boston; waa in Capt. Cresap's company of Maryland. 10. Henry Clemens, Warrior's Mark township, aged 62; enlisted in Capt. James Maxwell's company, Col. Sh reeve's regiment New Jer sey line ; was in the battle of Short Hills ; taken prisoner at German- town ; exchanged at New York and rejoined his company; drafted to go out after the Indians in Capt. Bowman's company, under Gen. Sullivan; discharged after the war. 11. Michael Fink, aged 63; enlisted for three years in Capt. John Bank- son's company, 2d Pa. Regt.; discharged January, 1781. 12. Peter Fleck, aged 65; enlisted Jan. 8, 1776, in Capt. Thomas Craig's company, 2d Pa. Batt.; wounded. 13. William Newel, aged 66; served three years in Capt. Harris' com pany, called the " Delaware Blues," Pennsylvania line. 14 Re-enlisted in First Pennsylvania Regiment. 15 Re-enlisted in First Pennsylvania Regiment; Bergeant, 1776; wounded at Brandywine; discharged, 1781 ; lived in Washington County in 1803. 16 Promoted Bergeant. 17 Re-enlisted in First Pennsylvania Regiment. 18 Re-enlisted in First Pennsylvania Regiment; lived in Barree town ship in 1774. 19 Re-enlisted in First Pennsylvania Regiment. THE REVOLUTION. 105 14. Adam Stonebraker, aged 70; Franklin township; enlisted at Hugers- • town in Capt. William Heyser's company of the German regiment; died Nov. 1,1827. 15. Jacob Moyer, nged 62; enlisted in 1777 in Capt. Henry Bicker's company, 4th Pa. Regt. ; discharged 1782. 16. William Andrew MuMannes, enlisted in Hagerstown February, 1776, in Capt. James Nelson's company, 1st Md. Regt.; discharged in New York Feb. 20, 1777. 17. John Irvine, enlisted in 1775; served one year under Col. Anthony Wayne in 4th Pa. Batt., and three years in 5th Pa. Regt. ; in 1835 was aged 84. 18. Peter Ox, agod 55; enlisted in 1782, in Capt. Van Hair's company. 19. Andrew Sand*, aged 66; Dublin township; enlisted June 7, 1777, in Capt. John Holiday's company, 1st Pa. Regt. ; discharged Aug. 13, 1783; was in the battles of Brandywine, Paoli, Germantown, Mon mouth, Stony Point, at the siege of Yorktown when Cornwallis was taken, at the Green1 Spring, and in sundry skirmishes. 20. James Gray, aged 65; enlisted 1776 in Capt. Joseph Steadham's com pany of Delaware Blues. 21. John Hamilton, aged 74; served three years and seven months, three years of this time in Capt. John Palmer's company of the German Regiment. 22. James Dunkin,1 aged 67 ; enlisted for three years iu Capt. William Hyser's company of the German Regiment. 23. James Steed, chair-maker, aged 80 ; enlisted in Capt. Richard Brown's company of Col. Miles' Pa. Rifle Regt.; discharged July 11, 1776; re-enlisted in Capt. James Francis Moore's company of the 13th Pa. Regt., and was transferred to the 2d Regt, and discharged No vember, 1781, Was in the battles of Long Island, White Plains, Tren ton, Brandywine, and Germantown. 24. John Holliday, enlisted as a, lieutenant in Capt. Clugage's com pany. (See above.) 25. Peter Bricker, Franklin township, aged 63; went out in militia under Col. Joseph Heister, and afterwards was in Capt. Richard Findley's company, 6th Pa. Regt., and served three years; was in the battles of Brandywine and Germantown. 26. Andrew McPherran, aged 62; enlisted in Capt. Thomas Church's company of the 4th Pa. Battalion, and subsequently attached to the 5th Pa. Regt.; served five years. 27. Thomas Smith, Barree township, aged 62 in 1818. His declaration reads: "enlisted with Capt. Thomas Templeton ; taken prisoner at the hattieof Fort Freeling, and suffered three years' imprisonment. Col. John Murray commanded the regiment (2d Pa. ?). 28. Leonard Toops, aged 60; enlisted for three years; was in Capt. Het- rick's company of Col. Hampton's regiment. He was living in , 1835. 29. Rev. Deitrich Ourhand (Aurandt), aged 60 in 1818 ; enlisted by Lieut. Jacob Snyder, 13th Pa. Regt., Col. Walter Stewart, and after the battle of Monmouth transferred to Capt. John Bankson's company in the 2d Regt.; discharged January, 1781. 30. Samuel Lewis, Franklin township, aged 79; served Bix years and , four months; discharged at Carlisle, Sept 27, 1783. He was still living in 1835. 31. Isaac Rosebrough, blacksmith, aged G8 in 1823; enlisted in 1776, in Capt. James Moore's company, 4th Pa. Battalion. 32. David Nicholson, tailor, aged 65 in 1823; enlisted in the spring of 1776 in Capt. James Dunn's company, Del. Regt.; re-enlisted in Capt. Robert Kirkwood's company for one year. Was iu the battles of Trenton and Princeton, and in several small engagements with the enemy. The remains of four of the soldiers named in the preceding list, to wit: Alexander King, John Irvine, James Duncan, and Martin Clabaugh, who died June 15, 1822, aged about eighty, rest in the Huntingdon •cemetery. It is also the place of interment of other Revolutionary soldiers, to wit: 1 He died Wednesday, Aug. 29, 1832, and was buried with appropriate military honors by the Huntingdon Volunteers on Thursday. He en listed at an early age, and participated in the battles at Trenton, Prince ton, Germantown, and Brandywine, in the last of which he received a wound, the effects of which were visible until his death. His name was usually written "Duncan." Conrad Frederick Kurt/,, who died Feb. 17, 1805. John Simpson, who died Jan. 27, 1807, Hged about 60 years; was com missioned Aug. 15, 177o, second lieutenant of Capt. James Murray's company in the 4th Battalion of Lancaster County. Served in 1776 and 1777 in the Continental army. Mnj. William Hend"rson, who died Sept. 9, 1811, in his 56th year, was taken prisoner at the battle of Long Island, Aug. 28, 1776, and after a confinement of five months in a British prison-ship was exchanged, aud immediately rejuined tho army and served to the end of the war. John Dorland, who died Aug. 9, 1813. Andrew Henderson, who died June 21, 1812, in his 51st year, at the age of 17, was appointed an officer, and served until the close of the war. (See Bench and Bar of Huntingdon County) There were many other participants in the struggle for independence who resided at the time of their death in the two counties, and it is to be regretted that their names have not been obtained. Pursuant to the resolutions of Congress adopted July 18, 1775, and the regulations of the Council of Safety made in conformity therewith, John Piper became colonel of the Bedford County battalion. Congress, May 15, 1776, in resolutions adopted, de clared it to be irreconcilable to reason and good con science for the colonists to take the oaths required for the support of the government under the crown of Great Britain. They also declared it necessary that the exercise of every kind of authority under the crown should be suppressed, and all the powers of government exerted " under the authority of the peo ple of the colonies for the preservation of internal peace, virtue, and good order, as well as for the de fense of their lives, liberties, and properties, against the hostile invasions and cruel depredations of their enemies."' Copies of the resolution of Congress were trans mitted to the battalion officers, and by them to the captains of companies within their respective com mands. In tearing down the old Simpson mansion, a log and weather-boarded house that stood on the northwestern corner of Penn and Second Streets in the borough of Huntingdon, a letter was found, July 13, 1876, from Capt. (afterwards Gen.) McAlevy, addressed, — "To Col. John Piper of the Batalion in Bedford County." of which the following is a copy : " Bare.ee township 9th July, 1776. " Colonel Piper Respected sir: ' . " I take the pleasure to Acquaint you that on the Eight of this instant at a full meeting of my Company that I made the Resolve of the Congress of the fifteenth of May fully known to them. And they unani mously Gave me their opinions that all Powers and authority Derived from the Crown of Great Britain Snould be totaly Dissolved. And are fully Resolved to Risk all that is Dear and valuable. "I am sir your Most Humble Servant, "William McAlevy. " Sir : "I would Be Glad now Soon you Could Send Drum and Cullers." In December, 1776, the commandants of the sev eral battalions of militia were directed by the Council 106 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. to march with their " Battalions to succor General Washington." From the meagre records remaining it appears that Capts. William McAlevy, Clugage, and Parker responded with their companies. Of the first-named company Thomas Holliday was ensign. On the 31st of that month Col. Piper informed the Committee of Safety that, pursuant to the orders re ceived, a number of men are now on the march. On account of the depth of the snow it was difficult for the men to assemble in one body, and he therefore gave each captain orders to march his party the nearest and best way to Philadelphia. On March 17, 1777, an act was passed to regulate the militia of the commonwealth, by which the pres ident of the Supreme Executive Council was author ized to appoint one lieutenant and not more than five sub-lieutenants in each county, and provision was made for organizing the male inhabitants between the ages of eighteen and fifty-three into companies and battalions, as well as the adoption of a general strict military code. In 1780 another militia law was passed supplanting the enactment of 1777, but re taining many of the provisions of the former laws. The office of sub-lieutenant was abolished after April 1, 1783.1 Under the first-mentioned acts the officers of Bedford County, prior to the erection of Hunting don, were : Lieutenants. John Piper, appointed March 21, 1777. George Ashman, appointed Nov. 21, 1780. George Woods, appointed Sept. 17, 1784. Sub-Lieutenants. Kichard Brown, appointed March 21, 1777. Abraham Cable, appointed March 21, 1777. "William Holliday, appointed March 21, 1777. Hugh DavidBon, appointed March 21, 1777. Edward Coombs, appointed March 21, 1777. Thomas TJrie, appointed Sept. 12, 1777. James Martin, appointed Sept. 12, 1777. Thomas Holliday, appointed Dec. 3, 1777. James Martin, appointed June 2, 1780. Robert Culbertson, appointed June 2, 1780. Benjamin Elliot was appointed lieutenant of Huntingdon County, Nov. 23, 1787. Among the officers of the militia of Bedford County in August, 1773, were : First Battalion— Colonel, Thomas Smith ; captains, William Tissue, Oli ver Drake; first lieutenants, Christy Agency, William Nicholls; second lieutenants, George Bruner, Henry Abrams; ensigns, George Shaver, D.ivid Standiford. Second Battalion. — Captain, John Galloway ; and Third Battalion, cap tain, Samuel Thompson. Gen. Putnam, placed by Washington in command of a cantonment at Princeton after the battle there, writing under date of Feb. 18, 1777, to the Council, giving an account of a skirmish that occurred the preceding night between a party he had sent out and a small detachment of British, says, " I shall forward the prisoners on in a day or two to you ; fifty of the Bedford County riflemen of your State, which I de- 1 Act of March 21, 1783. tached from this place, were with Col. Neilson ; the whole, officers and men, both belonging to that county and the militia of this State, behaved with great bravery, such as would do honor to veteran soldiers." On the 18th of May, 1781, Lieutenant George Ash man and his sub-lieutenants divided Bedford County into three battalions. The townships of Dublin, Shirley, Barree, Hopewell, Frankstown, and Hunt ingdon, then embracing all of the area now consti tuting Huntingdon and Blair and parts of adjoining counties, composed one battalion, and the other part of the county was divided into two. The citizens of the county subject to military duty numbered fourteen hundred and fifty-six.2 In 1785 the white male in habitants of these townships between the ages of eighteen and fifty-three were as follows : Barree township 75 Dublin townRhip 90 Frankstown township 219 Hopewell township 113 Huntingdon township 96 Shirley township 145 738 John Cadwallader was commissioned brigade in spector for Huntingdon County April 11, 1793. An act passed April 9, 1799, materially changed the militia system of the commonwealth, and pro vided for its more complete and efficient organization. The white male inhabitants between the ages of eighteen and forty-five, made subjects of military duty, were arranged into divisions, brigades, regi ments, battalions, and companies. Mifflin and Hunt ingdon Counties formed a division, the Tenth. The regiments of this county were numbered as follows: the one commanded by Lieut.-Col. Moore, No. 14; Lieut.-Col. Fee's, No. 33; Lieut.-Col. Cromwell's, No. 46 ; Lieut.-Col. Holliday's, No. 58 ; and Lieut.-Col„ Spencer's, No. 119. Provision was made for arranging the officers and men into classes preparatory to drafts when necessary to call the militia into actual service. The commissioned officers were chosen for a term of seven years. The elections held under this law for the higher military posts were often warmly con tested. The act of April 9, 1807, made further changes. Huntingdon, Mifflin, and Centre were united in one division and numbered the Eleventh. The com mandants of the Huntingdon County regiments at this time were: No. 14, Lieut.-Col. James Moore; No. 33, Lieut-Col. Andrew Henderson; No. 46, Lieut.-Col. Thomas Cromwell; No. 58, Lieut.-Col. Kellup ; No. 119, Lieut.-Col. James Entrekin. Regimental training days were named for the month of May and battalion days in October, on which all those persons subject to military duty were required to be present in their respective companies, or in de fault be subject to the payment of a fine. The officers and men composing each company were arranged into eight classes, and in case it became necessary to call 2 Pa. Archives, ix. 152. WAR OF 1812. 107 any part of the force into actual service, the requisi tion was made for one or more classes as necessity re quired. Although changes were made from time to time in the militia system of the commonwealth, the main features of this enactment were retained until the militia establishment was dissolved in 1849. In the war of 1812 a call for militia required William Mor ris,1 captain of the first company of the Thirty-third Eegiment, to march with classes called upon. He was then imprisoned for debt. The captain of the second company, James Simpson, took his place and marched the men to Alexandria, the place of rendez vous for the militia called from this section. Before the departure of the command for Erie, Capt. Morris was released from prison, assumed his place, and served in the army with great credit. The regimental training places in 1803 and 1812 were : Fourteenth Regiment, Mr. Porter's, near Birming ham; Thirty-third Regiment, Huntingdon; Forty- sixth Regiment, Gaven Clugage's, near Bedford Furnace ; Fifty-eighth Regiment, Hollidaysburg ; One Hundred and Nineteenth Regiment, Jacob Grove's, Woodcock Valley. War of 1812— On Monday, May 4, 1812, the " Huntingdon Light Infantry," a volunteer company officered by Robert Allison, captain, and Jacob Mil ler, first lieutenant, voted unanimously to tender their services to the President in the then impending war with Great Britain, more than a month in ad vance of the formal declaration of war, which was issued June 18th. It is to be regretted that a list of the members of this company cannot be obtained. The tender was accepted, and on Monday, September 7th, the company marched from Huntingdon to Ni agara via Petersburg, Spruce Creek Valley, and Belle fonte, and reached Buffalo on the 2d of October. Governor Snyder, by general orders dated May 12th, directed a draft, in the manner prescribed by law, of fourteen thousand militia, to be formed into two divisions, four brigades, and twenty-two regi ments. The quota of the Eleventh Division, Hunt ingdon, Mifflin, and Centre Counties, was as follows : First Brigade.— Artillery 13 Cavalry 13 Infantry and rifle corps 229 255 Second Brigade.— Artillery 21 Cavalry 21 Infantry and rifle corps 389431 On the 9th of June, Moses Canan, captain of "The Juniata Volunteers," a light infantry company shortly before organized at Alexandria, and attached to the One Hundred and Nineteenth Regiment, tendered the services of the company to the Governor, and some time later, Isaac Vandevander, captain of a rifle com pany at McConnellstown, and Jacob Vanderbelt, also a captain of a rifle company, also tendered the ser vices of their respective commands. The Governor, in general orders, dated respectively August 25th and September 5th, accepted these companies. The com panies of Capts. Canan and Vandevander marched from Alexandria for Meadville, Friday, September 11th. The rolls of two of the drafted companies from Huntingdon County, as they stood in November, 1813, are as follows : Captain, William Morris. Lieutenants, Daniel Weaver, William Isgrig, Cornelius Crum, resigned June 5th ; John McIIroy, promoted from ensign June 5th. Ensign, William Love, promoted from sergeant June 5th. Sergeants, Alexander Cresswell, pro. ord.-sergt. June 5 ; disch. Nov. 5; Henry Newingham ; John Stratton, disch. Nov. 5; Joseph Metz- baugh; William Wilson, pro. from corp. June 5; John Brotherlaud,. pro. from corp. June 30; Joseph Eckley, pro, from corp. Sept. 5. Corporals, Samuel Hollinshead, disch. Nov. 5; John McNamara, disch. Nov. 5 ; John B. Riddle, disch. Oct. 13 ; John Mack. pro. from private June 5; Benjamin Scott, promoted from private June 5^ John Galbraith, pro. from private Sept. 5, Privates. i He resided on lot Nos. 420 and 422 Penn Street. Ellsworth, Samuel. Kelly, William. Gntrie, William. McCammon, John. Dean, George. Ewing, David. Dearmet, William. Thomson, Matthew. Shoup, George. Fagin, Asaph, disch. Oct. 13. Weston, Joseph. Wilson, George. Wharton, Samuel. Shaw, James. McGiffin, Samuel. Flenner, Jonathan. Strong, Daniel. McKeehan, Samuel. Burns, Isaac. Kimberlin, Henry. Duncan, Daniel, disch. Oct. 13. Nelson, William. Walls, Jacob. Cornelius, Jacob. Bingham, John. Williamson, Hugh. David, William. Clark, Samuel. B-jlinger, Jacob. Long, John, disch. Oct. 13. Black, Robert. Dun, John, disch. Sept. 15. Stewart, William, disch. Nov. 5. Thomson, Rees. Getties, Robert. McKeehan, David, died 15th. Swetchal, Jacob. Taylor. William Wilson. Larrimore, Thomas. Boweroock, Jacob. Camberlin, John. Hyte, James, disch. Oct. 13. Fitzimons, Henry. Long, Henry. Glen, James, disch. Oct. 13. Bingham, Hugh. Lightner, Matthias. Scott, John. Hewet, Henry. Shade, George. Logan, Robert. JohnBon, Hugh, disch. Oct. King, Patrick. Swartz, Michael. Shorthill, Thomas. Grady, George, volunteered on. board, Aug. 11. Griffin, John. Irwin, Samuel. Forsley, Thomas, Kint, Nicholas. Fleming, John, July 16. Ralston, Thomas. Rickets, Hezekiah. Booth, Thomas, disch. Aug. IS. Clabaugh, Henry. Johnston, Thomas, died May 29_ Hanen, William, disch. Smice, John. Campbell, Hugh. Rudy, Daniel, disch. Oct. 13. Morehead, Samuel. Stewart, James, disch. Hollis, William, disch. Nov. 15. Dougherty, Edward. Clemens, Robert. Stewart, John, disch. Oct. 13. Hawkenbery, Adam, July 16. JohnBon, Anthony, on furlough till the end of term. Baugher, Henry. Lennox, John. Gooshorn, Samuel. " I certify, on honor, that the within pay-roll is just and true, and the- remarks set opposite the men's names are correct, to the best of my knowledge. " W. Morris, Captain. " Rees Hill, " Colonel Commanding.1* 108 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. ROLL 01T CAPT. EDMUND TIPTON'S COMPANY. Captain, Edmund Tipton ; First Lieutenant, John McCabe ; Second Lieutenant, Isaac Vantrees ; Third Lieutenant, John Cox; Fourth Lieutenant, Christian Deulinger; Ensign, Patrick Madden ; Ser geants, John Calderwood, Benjamin McCnne, Jesse Moore, Peter Hewit, Jacob Shafer; Corporals, James Mathers, Thomas Rees, Abraham Law, James Parks, Zaduck Westover; Drummer, Elisha Koss. Privates. McLin, John W. Willorman, Jacob. Harbst, John. Raub, Henry. Welsh, William. Mavry or Maurer, Jacob. Sackett, Azarah. Burns, Daniel. McWilliams, James. Kephard, Henry. Williamson, James. Keinberling, Ludwig. Cahr, Joseph. Baily, .William. Patton, Samuel. Smith, John. Wilson, James. Sharp, Thomas. Shank, John. Ellis, William. Metzenbaugh, Daniel. Dunn, Alexander. Moore, Abraham. Lanzer, Abraham. » Tipry, Abraham. Miller, Henry. Moore, Ephraim. Gibson, Jesse. McMillen, John. Shoener, Solomon. Luckart, George. Daly, Henry. ¦ Bnrgart, Samuel. Hyle, John. Bueli, Joseph. "Wilson, Abraham. Laughlin, Hugh. Fulton, Henry. Parker, Ira. Ganoe, Samuel. Walls, Jonathan. Mung, Henry. Emy, John. Ganoe, James. Baily, George. Hunter, John. Thompson, William. Hunter, Samuel. Bumbarger, Joseph. Smithly, Martin. Kelly, Davis. Smock, Abraham. Newell, Joseph. Smithly, Stofel. Gardner, William. Keighly, Jacob. Gearhard, John. Brown, Joseph. Gallagher, James. Boyd, Alexander. Hopkins, James. McClelland, Nathaniel. Elliott, John. Stewart, Isaac. Boil, Dennis. Gibson, Gideon. Jones, James. Dixon, Samuel. McClelland, James. Dellinger, George. Johnston, David. Fox, Jacob. Vanpoll, Henry. Gaud, William. Jamison, John. Aurand, John. McClelland, Joseph. March 28, 1814, another general militia law was approved by the Governor. Sixteen divisions were created. The Tenth embraced Mifflin and Centre, ¦constituting the First Brigade, and Huntingdon and Clearfield, the Second Brigade. The officers of militia in this division and brigade during the period of the war of 1812 (but not in actual service as such) were : Major-Generals. XI. Division, James Banks, Mifflin County, 1812-13. X. Division, William Steel, Huntingdon County, 1814. Brigadier- Generals. Division,! First Brigade, Ezra Doty, Mifflin County, 1812. Division, First Brigade, Lewis Evans, Mifflin County, 1814. Division, Second Brigade, William Steel, Huntingdon County, Division, Second Brigade, Arthur Moore, Huntingdon County, Brigade Inspector. Division, First Brigade, John Young, Centre County, 1812. Division, Second Brigade, William Moore, Huntingdon County, XI.XIXI. 1812. XI. 1814. XI.XI. 1812. 1 Afterwards numbered X. After the completion of the vessels that were to constitute Commodore Perry's squadron on Lake Erie, in the fall of 1813, volunteers were solicited to complete the required force on board. A number of the Pennsylvania militia tendered their services, and were accepted. The Legislature, by resolutions ap proved Jan. 31, 1814, after expressing the thanks of the government of the commonwealth to the commo dore, his assistant commandants, and the Pennsylva- nians who volunteered on board the squadron, di rected the Governor to present to each of the latter, "in compliment of their patriotism and bravery, a silver medal of the weight of two dollars," with his name thereon. George Grady, a member of Capt. William Morris' company, a resident of Henderson township, was the recipient of one of these medals. In 1812, Dr. Joseph Henderson, Dr. James Stew art, and John Larkin were appointed lieutenants of infantry in the " new army." Dr. Alexander Dean, of the borough of Huntingdon, was chosen surgeon of the Second Pennsylvania Regiment, commanded by Col. John Purviance. Mexican War. — Congress, May 13, 1846, declared that " by the act of the republic of Mexico a state of war exists between that government and the United States." Troops were called for, and the President made a requisition on the Governor of Pennsylvania for six regiments. Over ninety volunteer companies, numbering eight thousand three hundred and seventy- four men, responded to the call. Among them were: No. 57. Warrior's Marie Fencibles. — Captain, James Bell; First Lieuten- ant, James Thompson ; Second Lieutenant, James A. Gano. 82 non commissioned officers and privates; whole number, 85. No. 60. Williamsburg Blues. — Captain, Thomas K. Fluke ; First Lieuten ant, James M. Kinkead ; Second Lieutenant, Alexander McKamey. 76 non-commissioned officers and privates ; whole number, 79. No formal call was made upon the volunteers until in December, when ten companies were ordered to rendezvous at Pittsburgh on the 7th of that month, to be mustered into the service of the United States. On Thursday, Friday, and Saturday, 10th, 11th, aud 12th days of December, 1846, eight of the companies, being from the eastern part of the State, passed Huntingdon by canal. They were entertained by the citizens of the borough during a brief stop on their journey. William T. Wilson, a former employe1 of the Journal office, joined Capt. Dana's company of Wyoming Artillerists. James Ellis, William Sullivan, Eobert M. Jones, John Condo, Robert Woods, George W. Yeager, and Samuel Holliday left the same week to join the regiment at Pittsburgh. These companies were organized as the First Regiment, and Francis Murray Wyncoop, of Pottsville, was chosen colonel; Samuel W. Black, of the Pittsburgh Blues, lieuten ant-colonel; and F. L. Bowman, of the Wyoming Artillerists, major. Messrs. Sullivan, Condo, Woods, and Yeager joined the Pittsburgh Blues. The Sec ond Regiment was organized soon after. The Wayne Guards, mustered into the service at Pittsburgh, May 19, 1847, was officered as follows: MEXICAN WAR. 109 Captain, James Caldwell ; First Lieutenant, Dr. A. McKamey; Second Lieutenant, Dr. C. Bowers; Third Lieutenant, John A.^Doyle; Sergeants, George Filey, J. L. Madison, W. A. McMonigle, William Westhoven ; Corporals, J. L. Kidd, Jacob Shade, C. B. Wilson, A. W. Clarkson. This company was raised from citizens of the upper end of Mifflin and southeastern pai't of Hunt ingdon Counties, and it is to be regretted that a full roster is not accessible. Besides those named above, David Duff, Henry Hazzard, Jacob Hawn, and David McMurtrie enlisted from Huntingdon, and at the same time William Snare and John Johnston were in the regular service. A detachment from Huntingdon and Blair, raised in the fall of 1846, joined the " American Highland ers," a uniformed company which had been organ ized in Cambria County before the opening of the war, and of which the captain was John W. Geary, afterwards Governor of Pennsylvania, but at that time employed at the "Summit" (now Cresson), in the office of John Snodgrass, superintendent of the old Portage Railroad. Capt. Geary oftered the services of his company to the Governor of Pennsylvania and they were accepted, but as the strength of the " Highlanders" was con siderably below the standard required, he desired to fill their ranks by recruitment, and in order to do this he proposed to William Williams, of Hollidaysburg (who afterwards, during the war of 1861-65, was ap pointed and commissioned major in the Fourteenth United States Infantry), to raise twenty-five men for the company, and for which service he (Williams) was to receive the appointment of sub-lieutenant in the " Highlanders." Under this agreement twenty- two or twenty-three men were enlisted in Hollidays burg and vicinity, among which number Maj. Wil liams now recollects only Thomas Hurd, Frederick Hesser, James Mealy, Washington Stone, Andrew Dripps, Don Revalon, Robert McNamara, and John Campbell. The detachment of men raised at Hollidaysburg and vicinity left that place in December, 1846, and joined Geary's " Highlanders," the strength of which company was raised by this accession to about eighty- five men. At Pittsburgh it was assigned to duty as Company B of the Second Pennsylvania Regiment, of which Capt. William B. Roberts was elected colo nel and Capt. John W. Geary lieutenant-colonel. Upon the promotion of Capt. Geary to the lieutenant- colonelcy of the regiment the following named were elected to the commissioned offices of Company B, viz.: captain, John Humphreys; first lieutenant, Samuel W. Black ; second lieutenants, Elisha Luck- ett and William Williams.* The company embarked at Pittsburgh on the steamer "Cambria," and with the regiment pro ceeded down the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers to New Orleans, encamping for a time at Plaine Chalmette, a place some miles below the city, and where Gen. Jackson fought the British forces under Packenham, Jan. 8, 1815. Here the Second Pennsylvania lay en camped adjoining a Mississippi regiment commanded by Col. Jefferson Davis, afterwards notorious as Presi dent of the so-called Confederate States of America. From this camp the regiment embarked on sailing- vessels bound for Mexico: Companies B (Capt.' Humphreys), D (Capt. Murray), and G (Capt. Mc Williams) taking passage on the ship " Gen. Vea- zie," Capt. Fairfield. The "Veazie" was driven from her course to the coast of Cuba and was at sea twenty-five days,' during which time the smallpox broke out among the men on board, and in conse quence they were landed at Lobos Island, while the other transports, with the remainder of the regiment, proceeded to Vera Cruz. The three companies which were landed at Lobos Island from the ship " Gen. Veazie" remained there in quarantine for about a month, at the end of which time, the smallpox having disappeared, they sailed for Vera Cruz, where on their arrival they found that that strongly-fortified city had surrendered to Gen. Scott, who had already marched with the main body of his army on the road to the city of Mexico. The Second Pennsylvania had marched inland with Scott's forces, but the three companies which had been quarantined at Lobos (under command of Lieut.- Col. Geary) joined the division of Gen. Quitman (which had not yet left Vera Cruz), and marched with it to Cerro Gordo, where they arrived after Gen. Scott's battle and victory at that place.' The army had moved on from Cerro Gordo towards Jalapa, where it was overtaken by Quitman's division, and where the three companies of the Second Pennsylva nia, under Lieut.-Col. Geary, rejoined their regiment, encamping about three miles from the city. When the army moved on towards Orizaba, the three com panies of the Second which had come on the "Gen. Veazie" remained at Jalapa, being ordered into the city on garrison duty. Here Lieut. Williams was in command of the company, Capt. Humphreys and Lieuts. Black and Luckett being on the sick-list. Williams afterwards became first lieutenant of the company by the resignation of Lieuts. Black and Luckett, First Sergeant Frank McKee being at the same time promoted to second lieutenant. From Jalapa Lieut. Williams was ordered to Pennsylvania on recruiting service, and did not return to the army. On his way home, when in New Orleans, he met two companies, respectively commanded by Capts. Taylor and Caldwell, who were on their way to join the Sec ond Pennsylvania Regiment in Mexico. With regard to the two companies above mentioned as having gone forward to join the regiment in the field, the following information has been obtained from Mr. Ira Jenkins, of Huntingdon borougri, who was a member of the Wayne Guards, which was com posed of men from Mifflin, Huntingdon, and Blair 110 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Counties, the largest part being from Mifflin, with about fifteen men from Huntingdon, and about twenty-five from Williamsburg, Blair Co., and vi cinity. Among those who went from Huntingdon County he recollects William A. McManigal, An thony Colabine, Joseph A. Madison (sergeant), Jacob F. Sneigh, Thomas Richardson, of Coffee Run, Joel L. Hoover, of Mount Union, Robert Mc- Carrel, of Mapleton, the last mentioned four being still living. The other company referred to was raised princi pally in Bedford County, but contained several men from Hollidaysburg aud the southeast part of Blair County, also a number from Huntingdon County, among whom were Robert Woods, Henry Hazard, and Jacob Hawn. The company was raised in the spring of 1847, and organized under command of Capt. Taylor, of Bedford. In May, 1847, it pro ceeded by march and by transportation on the canal, to Pittsburgh, where it was immediately joined by Capt. Caldwell's (M) company, and the two embarked on board the steamer " Col. Yell," and moved down the river to New Orleans, where they arrived early in July, and were there met by Lieut. Williams on his return from Jalapa, as above men tioned. They encamped at Plaine Chalmette (Camp Carleton), below the city, where large numbers of men in other commands were sick with measles. The disease, however, did not spread to any great extent among the soldiers of the two Pennsylvania companies. After a short stay at Plaine Chalmette the companies of Capts. Caldwell and Taylor em barked on the ship " Florida," and proceeded to Vera Cruz, whence they marched with the division of Gen. Franklin Pierce (afterwards President of the United States) to Puebla, where the division joined the army of Gen. Scott, and where the companies of Capts. Taylor and Caldwell were assigned to the Sec ond Pennsylvania, the former being designated as L and the latter as M company. The Second Pennsylvania Regiment having marched with its division (Gen. Quitman's) from Jalapa, by way of Orizaba, to Puebla, where it received the two new companies, as above noticed, moved thence with the army of Gen. Scott towards the Mexican capital. During the campaign that succeeded it took part in all the principal battles, including those of Contreras, Churubusco, Molino del Rey, San Pascual, and at the storming of the Belen Gate (in which last-named engagement, as also in that of Chapultepec, it lost very heavily in killed and wounded), and was the first regiment to enter the city of Mexico after its surrender, Sept. 13, 1847. The commanding officer of the regiment, Col. W. B. Roberts, died in the city on the 3d of October following, and upon his death Lieut.-Col. Geary was promoted to the colonelcy. Not long after the occupation the Second Regiment was moved outside the city, and was posted success ively at several neighboring points in the valley of Mexico, where it remained until May, 1848, when it marched to Vera Cruz, embarked, and proceeded by sea to New Orleans, and thence by steamers up the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers to Pittsburgh, where the men were mustered out of service on the 29th of July following. The War of the Rebellion.— In the great conflict of 1861-65, known as the war of the Rebellion, the people of Huntingdon and Blair Counties exhibited the greatest patriotism and promptness in furnishing and forwarding men for service in the Union armies. From the time when the first call for troops was made known until the surrender of the principal hostile army made further calls unnecessary, the young men, the middle-aged men, and not infrequently the old men of these counties responded to each appeal with a patriotic alacrity not excelled in any other part of the State or Union. The war was commenced in the harbor of Charles ton, S. C, at daylight in the morning of Friday, April 12, 1861, by the opening of a heavy fire on Port Sumter from the formidable Confederate earthworks which encircled it. The bombardment was continued incessantly during all that day and the forenoon of the next, and at about one o'clock p.m. on the 13th the fort surrendered, the buildings within its inclosure being on fire. On Monday, the 15th of April, the President of the United States issued a proclamation declaring certain Southern States to be in a state of rebellion, and calling for a force of seventy-five thou sand men to suppress it. Of this number the quota of Pennsylvania was placed at sixteen regiments, and on the afternoon of the same day on which the Presi dent's proclamation was issued, the Secretary of War telegraphed to Governor Curtin asking for two regi ments to march from Pennsylvania within three days to the defense of Washington, this State being the only one lying near the capital which could be relied on to furnish troops for its protection. The Presi dent's call, with a strong appeal from Governor Cur tin, was telegraphed to every part of the State, urging men to come forward with all possible speed. In response to this appeal the Ringgold Light Artillery, of Reading, the Logan Guards, of Lewis- town, the Washington Artillery and National Light Infantry, of Pottsville, and the Allen Rifles, of Allen- town, promptly offered their services, and being as promptly accepted, marched at once for the national capital, passing through Baltimore on the 18th of April in the midst of the wildest excitement and the most menacing demonstrations from the violent Southern sympathizers of that city, who had assem bled for the avowed purpose of preventing (by force of arms if need should be) the passage of the troops. The Pennsylvania soldiers, however, preserved their coolness, and marched through the city, without mo lestation, and arrived at Washington at seven o'clock the same evening. In Huntingdon and Blair the response was not less WAR OF THE REBELLION. Ill prompt and patriotic than in the counties which sent forward the first five companies. Within a few hours from the time when the call of the President and the appeal of Governor Curtin were flashed westward over the telegraphic wires, men of these two counties were preparing to march to the defense of the capital, and within three days six companies frofn Blair and one company from Huntingdon were on their way to the general rendezvous at Harrisburg. A few days later another company from Blair, and also another from Huntingdon, went forward to the State capital to join the ranks of their country's defenders. The six companies embraced in this first contribu tion by Blair County of men for the national armies had previously existed as independent organizations, and they became incorporated with the Third Regiment of Pennsylvania in the three months' service. The Huntingdon County company (which also had a previous existence as an indepen dent organization) was then known as the "Stand ing Stone Guards," and became a part of the Fifth Regiment, though the date of its muster into the ser vice was the same as that of the Blair County com panies which entered the Third. These companies of Blair County men which joined the Third Regi ment were designated in the regimental organiza tion and commanded as follows : Company A (of Hollidaysburg), Captain, John R. McFarlane, of Hol lidaysburg; First Lieutenant, John McKeage; Second Lieutenant, Thomas McFarlane. Company B, of Altoona, Captain, Henry Wayne (killed at Pocotaligo, S. C.) ; First Lieutenant, Joseph W. Gardner; Sec ond Lieutenant, John M. Clarke. Company C (of Williamsburg), Captain, William L. Neff; First Lieutenant, Jacob C. Yingling; Second Lieutenant, Robert Johnston. Company D (of Tyrone), Cap tain, James Bell ; First Lieutenant, William B. Dar lington ; Second Lieutenant, Francis M. Bell. Com pany E (of Altoona), Captain, Jacob Sczink ; First Lieutenant, Richard J. Crozier ; Second Lieu tenant, Frederick Shillinger. Company H (of Hol lidaysburg), Captain, Alexander M. Lloyd; First Lieutenant, Christian N.Snyder; Second Lieutenant, Stephen C. Potts. All these six companies were mus tered into the service on the 20th of April, 1861, which was also the date of the organization of the Third Regiment, of which these companies formed the principal part. The rendezvous of the Third Regiment was " Camp Curtin," at Harrisburg, that historic camp being first occupied and used as such by G company (from Johns town, Cambria Co.) of the Third, on the morning of April 18, 1861. The organization and muster of the regiment was effected here, as stated above, on the 20th of the same month, its field and staff officers being : Colonel, Francis P. Minier (of Hollidaysburg) ; Lieu tenant-Colonel, John M. Power (of Johnstown) ; Major, Oliver M. Irvine (of Pittsburgh); Adjutant, James C. Noon ; Quartermaster, Jacob M. Campbell ; Surgeon, R. S. M. Jackson. On the evening of the day of muster the regiment received marching orders, and immediately departed from Harrisburg by railroad for Baltimore, but did not reach that city, being stopped at Cockeysville, Md., by the destruction of a bridge a little farther on, and also at that point re ceiving orders from Gen. Scott to halt at Cockeysville and not attempt the passage through Baltimore, which had been made at the cost of bloodshed by the Massachusetts Sixth Regiment on the 19th. On re ceipt of these orders the Third encamped near Cock eysville, and remained there until the 22d, when it returned to York, Pa., reaching there in the morning of the 23d, and remaining there four days, during which time the officers and men of the regiment were recipients of most liberal hospitality from the citizens of the town. On the 27th the Third moved from York to Chambersburg, where it was assigned to duty in the Second Division, Second Brigade, commanded by Brig.-Gen. George C. Wynkoop, the other regiments composing the brigade being the First and Second Regiments of Pennsylvania, com manded respectively by Cols. Samuel Yohe and Fred erick S. Stumbaugh. The regimental camp was about three miles from the town, and named "Camp Cham bers." At this camp the Third remained until the 7th of June, when it moved with its brigade by rail road to Hagerstown, thence marched immediately to Funkstown, at which place orders were expected to march on Harper's Ferry, Va., where there was a considerable body of the enemy's forces in position, commanded by Gen. Joseph E. Johnston. The ex pected orders, however, were not received, and the regiment remained at this camp, quietly engaged in drill and other routine duty, for more than three weeks, and on the 1st of July moved with Keim's division (of which it was a part) to Williamsport, Md., on the left bank of the Potomac. On the 2d it crossed the river to the "sacred soil" of Virginia, and advanced with the troops to Martinsburg, in that State, arriving there on the 3d. The camp of the regiment was made near the town, to the northward; but after a short stay at this place the Third was or dered back to Williamsport, as a guard to the depot of supplies which had been established at that point for the use of the forces of Gen. Patterson at Martins burg and neighboring points in Virginia. On this duty, and in the guarding of communications with Williamsport, the regiment remained until after the expiration of its enlistment, when, on the 16th of July, it was ordered to Harrisburg. Moving by way of Hagerstown, Md., it reached the capital of Penn sylvania on the following day, and there, on the 29th of July, 1861, was mustered out of service. THIRD REGIMENT. Company A. {Mustered in April 20, 1861.) John R. McFarlane, captain ; John McKeage, first lieutenant; Thomas McFarlane, second lieutenant; Jonathan Derno, first sergeant- 112 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Henry Keely, second sergeant; David Stitler, third sergeant; John Barr, fourth sergeant; Andrew Leap, first corporal; Joseph Eckle, second corporal ; Henry Barr, third corporal ; Joseph Zouker, fourth corporal; John Weighaman, William Weighaman, musicians. Privates. Albert, Francis. Albaugh, Henry A. Ai tis worth, James W. Barr, Samuel 0. Boggs, Alexander. Clauss, George F. Charles, Samuel W. Cochran, John. Cahoe, John. Crum, William. Dunn, Juseph M. Davis, Amos D. Elder, William S. Eastman, William H. Evans, Charles. Fox, John F. F.irtney, MatthiaB. Filie, George. Ferry, Juseph. Garrett, William L. Gibson, David. Graft, William P. Hunter, Matthew S. Helwig, John G. Hoffman, Anthony. Jones, JameB. Johnson, Jnmes M. Kephart, Calvin M. King, William H. Lyons, Michael. Ledger, Joseph J. Miifty, John. Martin, Robert N. McCormick, James J. McKeehan, .Tunics A. McGiunis, William. Michaels, John H, Mc Falls, Benjamin F. Mclntire, Eli. Murray, John H, Meintle, Henry. Orr, William L. Orr, James A. Piper, George. Peight, Emanuel S. Redding, John J. Beighard, Julius. Richter, George S, Rodgers, Jamest Sanders, Albert. Smith, John. Thompson, William F. Tiermau, Thomas. Varnes, Louis H. Wiggan, Henry. Weaver, George W. Watson, George M. Weaver, Albert J. Young, Peter. Company B. (Mustered in April 20, 1§61 ) Henry Wayne, captain; Joseph W. Gardner, first lieutenant; John M. Clark, second lieutenant; John S. Calvert, first sergeant ; Levi Mc- Glalhery, second sergeant ; John Lafforty, third sergeant ; William Wilkes, fourth sergeant ; Thomas C. Yingting, first corporal ; Hpury Shrttts, second corporal; William Hook, third corporal; William W. Reed, fourth corporal ; Thomas Coleman, musician ; William Rees, musician. Privates. Aibee, James. Boy Ies, Martin. Burtlebaugh, David. Baker, Samuel. Boyle, William. Boyle, George. Bowers, Abraham. Brown, Juseph. Burkett, Ephraim. Brown, James. Boyle, John A. Charters, William M. Cassidy, Solomon. Cahoe, David. Cashier, Adolphus. Clark, Robert. Cayatt, Lewis P. Cannon, John F. Detwiler, George. Davis, William. Dougherty, John. Dflaney, Daniel. Emheiaer, George W, Esterline, Juhn. Eckley, Juseph. Fritz, William D. Fink, Frederick. Ferguson, William. Funk, David. Gusher, David. Gwinn, George H. Gwinn, Alexander C. Greer, Adam J. Gay lord, George. Hamilton, George. Houseman, Andrew. Hall, Adolphus. Hempfield, George. Johnson, Samuel. James, .lesse. Kelly, Leuuard. Leehr, Juhn. Miller, Henry. Matthews, James. Miller, John. Morgan, Thomas. Messimer,' George. Moore, David A. Moore, Warren H. Nixon, Albert H. Plunier, Henry E. Reed, William, Jr. Rinebart, Samuel W. Read, Alonzu. Simeltuu, Thomas. Staub, John. Staub, Stephen. Stevens, William. Shelue, William. Trout, James, Tipton, George. Thompson, David. Thompson, William. Trees, James C. Templeton, Roland. Company 0. (Mustered in April 20, 1861.) William L. Neff, captain; Jacob C Tingling, first lieutenant; Robert Johnston, second lieutenant; David P. Irvine, first sergeant; George W. Patterson, second sergeant; Albert B. Flood, third sergeant* John C. Wilson, fourth sergeant; Isaac N. Bronneman, first con poral ; Garain Shellenberger, second corporal; David Fay third corporal; David C. Yingling, fourth corporal; James C. Roller John A. MuKamy, musicians. Privates. Allender, James D. Bell, William H. Brenueman, Michael. Bittle, Charles. Baker, Samuel G. Cooper, James M. Craig, John. Cary, James. Dell, Henry H. Erbe, William. Eii-hultz, Henry S. Estep, Elijah. . Frederick, Benjamin F. Fluke, William. Garland, Moses K. Guiser, George J. Grilfin, John. Garrett, Alexander A. Guiser, James. Hewitt, Calvin C. Houck, James II. Hinds, Joseph S. Huyett, Uly»ses S. Harnish, Juhn. Houck, Dorsey B. Hoffman, William J. Hicks, Alexander C. Johnston, Robert M. Jones, William W. Kane, John. Kelly, John. Kidd, Joseph L. Lower, Isa*iah P. Lang, Robert H. Lucas, Abraham, Louis, Peter. Metz, George M. Morgan, George W. Miller, James. Myers, Henry W. Mantell, Joseph. McCahan, John. McElwee, William. McDonald, James. Nunnemacker, Samuel. Neville, John H. Neff, Albert J. Noel, Daniel F. Noland, Thomas. Powell, Milton P. Parks, Amos. Riley, William A. Riley, James. Slonaker, Lemuel A. Smith. Benjamin F. Sies, Joseph. Stineman, Albert A. Smith, Patrick. Shelter, James S. Shaffer, Samuel B. Taylor, Alexander. Temple, James. Taylor, George W. Wolf, Juhn. Yerger, George. Company D. (Mustered in April 20, 1861.) James Bell, captain ; William B Darlington, first lieutenant; Francis M. Bell, second lieutenant; Caleb R. Burley, first sergeant; John L. Burley, second sergeant ; George W. Burley, third sergeant; Jere miah Ganoe, fourth sergeant; David M. Jones, first corporal; Thomas 0. Henshey, second corporal ; John W. Manning, third corporal; John M. Berlin, fourth corporal; Frankliu B. Stewart, Jonathan 0 inter, musicians. Privates. Burley, Francis M. Bell, James C. Beatty, Oscar. Bressler, Mahlon W. Barnes, John A. Barnk'le, John. Clark, David. Cunningham, William F. Deters, William. Denny, John. Denny, Joseph. Davidson, Juhn A., Jr. Davidson, Rees J. Falkentler. Juhn L. Funk, William. Gilhouser, Albert E. Guss, Juseph . Gates, David H. Irvin, William. Kupp, Joseph. Kinney, Perry. Kinney, John P. Kern, Peter. Kuhn, George. Kaltrider, Geo. W. Kistler, John S. Ligo, Martin W. Lightner, John. Mattern, San ford D. Mattern, Taning S. Merry man, John. Miles, Joseph A. Madison, Joseph W. Mulberry, William H. Miller, William. Mcllvaine, Castleton B. Maxwell, Martin. McIntyre,John A. McCahen, Thomas C. Myers, Joseph R. McKinuey, Daniel. Owens, James T. WAR OP THE REBELLION. 113 OwenB, James H. Owens, William J. Primer, Joseph D, Price, Albert H. Quin n, Jacob. Roach, Robert A. Stewart, John, P. Shive, William 0. Schmidt, John. Straithoof, Henry H. Smith, Oliver G. Scofleld, William. Sneath, Robert. Stonebraker, San ford M. Stonebraker, Sanford. Schell, Alfred. Thompson, James B. Watson, Jeremiah 8. Watson, Samuel A. Wurtz, James. Wilson, Joseph L, Youtz, John. Company E. (Mustered in April 20, 1861.) Jacob Szink, captain; Richard J. Crozier, first lieutenant; Frederick Shillinger, second lieutenant; Robert M. MeBSmer, first sergeant; David Counsman, second sergeant ; Alexander H. Stewart, third Bergeant; Jacob J. Smith, fourth sergeant; John Flanagan, first corporal; William B. Bartley, second corporal; Washington Foust, third corporal ; Joseph Noel, fourth corporal ; Charles Inherst, musician. Privates. Anderson, Samuel T. Anderson, Henry M. Aiken, Matthew. Attick, James H. Bush, John H. Beatty, Franklin M. Barker, Gilbert A. R. Beals, Jacob R. Beams, John. Baer, Harrison D. Bartow, Thomas. Boyles, William T. Brickner, Frederick. Cutler, William B. Cruse, George W. Clark, John A. Diviue, John N. Duffy, Francis. Fechter, Ignatius. Fichel, Paul. Fry, Robert. Fay, Andrew J. Finney, Francis. Glenn, William F. Ginter, David M. Garden, Robert B. GriflBth, Napoleon B. Gunkle, Joseph. Hubert, John. Hammond, James. Hogentogler, Nath'l F. Isenberg, Daniel, Jr. Isett, Washington. Kelley, John A. Kipple, George H. King, Hezekiah. Loudon, David M. Lynde, Elihu S. Laughlin, John M. C. McFadden, John E. Myers, Joseph. Marshall, Alexander W. McMahan, Mordecai. Montgomery, Robert B. Marshall, William H. Miller, Gabriel. Moore, James T. Marshall, Winfield S. Miller, Samuel H, Nightwiue, James. O'Rourke, Richard. Price, William H. Parker, Joseph L. Parker, Samuel D. Quin Ian, Patrick. Reeves, George. Rook, Joseph H. Stoddard, Thomas. Shandelmeyer, Jacob. Stock Bleger, Peter W. Schiedhagle, Anthony. Smith, William C. Sisler, William. Tipton, Samuel B. Company H. (Mustered in April 20, 1861.) Alexander M. Lloyd, captain; Christian N. Snyder, first lieutenant; Stephen C. Potts, second lieutenant; Augustus Batton, first sergeant; Frank Yogie, second sergeant ; Simon B. Barr, third Bergeant ; Nicho las Stephens, fourth sergeant; David K. Yoder, first corporal ; Caleb M. Kephart, second corporal ; James T. Pendergast, third corporal ; David Barr, fourth corporal; George Weighaman, John Miller, Jr., musicians. Privates. Barr, Thomas M. Benl os, John T. Boell, Harry. Boell, William. Byers, Walter P. Black, George W. Z. Bradley, William J. Blain, William J. Blackstone, Dill. Barr, James. Bryan, Harry. Craig, James. Curry, Charles, Cruse, Charles W. Curry, John. Cooper, Benjamin. Clark, John. Dorsey, "William C. Frank, Christian. Fenton, Charles M. Green, Thomas. Graffius, Abraham. Garden, John R. Gates, Joseph. GateB, John. Garber, George C. Griffin, Russell. Henshey, John B. Henshey, Thomas. Hicks, William. Hughes, Joseph. Hileman, William. Halloway, Michael. Howe, James M. Hawksworth, George W. Huff, Henry. Keech, Joseph, Keogh, Edward. Krees, George G. Kinkead, David P. Loesh, John W. Long, John D. Lear, William. Lane, John. Lane, George. Mason, Robert. Maloy, Thomas. Miller, George. McClure, Alexander. Murray, John. Mcllvaine, William. Plack, George. Ream, CharleB. Russ, Joseph C. Roush, George. Shrader, Frederick. Sellers, George. Spade, George. ' Thompson, James E. Tipton, Caleb. Ullery. Daniel. Vogle, Jacob. White, Benjamin. Wildes, Tillinghast. White, Edward. Wingate, J. RusBell. The Fifth Regiment of Pennsylvania in the three months' service included (as has already been men tioned) a previously-organized independent company of Huntingdon known as the Standing Stone Guards. It was designated in the regimental organization as D company of the Fifth, and was mustered into the service of the United States April 21, 1861. This company, it was stated, left for Harrisburg in advance of all other troops from Huntingdon and Blair Counties, but if so, the priority of departure was only a matter of a few hours, and the men and officers of all the companies that then moved in re sponse to the appeal of Governor Curtin were equally anxious and eager to reach the scene of action, though facilities of transportation were not equally favorable to all. The Fifth Regiment was rendezvoused and organ ized at Camp Curtin, where its companies were mus tered into the service of the United States on the 20th and 21st of April, 1861. Its field-officers were Col. R. P. McDowell, of Pittsburgh ; Lieut.-Col. Benjamin C. Christ, of Schuylkill County; and Maj. R. Bruce Petrikin, of Huntingdon. The regiment was armed and ammunitioned (but not fully equipped in other respects) at the State arsenal, and on the evening of the 21st of April left the State capital by the North ern Central Railway for Baltimore, but was intercepted by counter orders and returned to Harrisburg, whence on the 22d it moved by railroad to Philadelphia, reaching there in the afternoon of the same day. On the 23d it was embarked on steamers for Annapolis, Md., where it duly arrived, and remained until the 26th, when it took up the line of march along the railroad leading to Annapolis Junction, which was reached on the same evening, and made its bivouac in the full expectation of an attack from a hostile force which, as it was rumored, was advancing from Baltimore. . But the night passed without the expected demonstration, and on the following day the regiment moved by rail from the Junction to Washington. The Fifth Pennsylvania formed a part of Frank lin's (First) brigade, in the division of Col. (after- IU HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. wards Gen.) S. P. Heintzelman, the other brigades of the division being commanded respectively by Cols. O. 0. Howard and 0. B. Wilcox. In the forward movement of the army upon Centreville and Manas sas, the Fifth Pennsylvania remained under orders at Alexandria, and consequently did uot participate in the battle and defeat of Bull Run on the 21st of July. Its term of service expired on the day of the battle, and immediately afterwards it was ordered to Harris burg, where on the 25th of July it was mustered out of service and disbanded. FIFTH REGIMENT. Company D. Benjamin F. Miller, captain; George F. McCabe, first lieutenant; James D. Campbell, second lieutenant; Addison J. Moore, first sergeant; James S. Campbell, second sergeant; William H. Flenner, third sergeant; George A. Simpson, fourth sergeant; James McCahan, first corporal ; Robert B. Smith, second corporal ; William S. West- brook, third corporal; George W. Cypher, fourth corporal; A. Kin ney Buoy, Edwin W. Thomas, musicians. Privates. Barrick, Jacob. Black, George A. Bradley, John W. Cannan, John. Coder, William B. Clark, Jacob S. Conch, W. A. B. ' Clark, Alfred. Cullison, John. Cunningham, J. D. Deffenbach, Samuel S. De Arniet, John. Donahoo, John. Deeter, John A. Dean, George W. Estep, William. Fink, John. Fleck, Augustus. Forshey, Henry. Gibbs, John. Glazier, William H. Gilliland, John W. Gilliland, William D. Harvey, George W. Hoffman, Theophilus. Heffner, David J. Hoffman, John. Kneegan, Thomas. Lytle, John M. Long, William H. Montgomery, George W. McFarland, Theodore. Miller, W. A. McCabe, Edward. McMurtrie, Samuel M. McMurtrie, James. McGee, Charles W. Mangle, Adam. McCall, Jacob. McKean, James. McAllister, Alfred. Miller, Adam P. Nash, E. K. Prim, William H. Rinard, Samuel. Ronlett, James, Staubs, Nathaniel. Shaw, William H. Stamm, John. Stevens, William. Sturtsman, William. Steel, Jacob. Shaffer, Peter. Sneath, George. . Sneath, Richard. Souder, John. Thompson, Robert E. Tobias, Calvin. Thompson, Joseph H. Vandevender, M. M. Williams, B. Franklin, Wagoner, William H. White, Anthony. Wise, William H. The Tenth Regiment of three months' troops con tained one company from Huntingdon County, desig nated as Company I, and mustered into the service of the United States April 26, 1861. The rendezvous of the Tenth Regiment was at Camp Curtin, where its organization was effected, and its several companies mustered into the service from the 22d to the 29th of April, 1861. The* field-officers of the regiment were Col. Sullivan A. Meredith, Lieut.-Col. Oliver J. Dickey, Maj. Richard White. On the 1st of May the regiment moved by railroad from Harrisburg to Chambersburg, Pa., where it was assigned to the Third Brigade of the Second (Cadwallader's) divis ion, under the command of Brig.-Gen. E. C. Wil liams. On the 8th of June the regiment with its brigade moved to Greencastle, where it' remained engaged in drill and camp duties until the 15th, when it moved southward with Gen. Patterson's column, and arrived at Williamsport on the 16th. Here it remained guarding the fords of the Potomac in the vicinity and on other duty until July 2d, when the command crossed the river into Virginia and moved towards Martinsburg, where it arrived in the afternoon of the 3d, having been slightly engaged (but without loss) in a skirmish with the enemy's cavalry on the route. It was the expectation that Gen. Patterson's column would move from Martinsburg to Winchester, Va. to attack the Confederate forces under Gen. Johnston, but an order which had been given to that effect was countermanded, and the Tenth remained at Martins burg until the 15th, when it moved to Bunker Hill, Va., and thence two days later to Charleston. Here and in this vicinity the regiment remained until the 23d, when it moved to Harper's Ferry. News had been received of the disastrous result of the battle of Bull Run two days before, and Gen. Patterson's posi tion was no longer tenable. The term of enlistment of the three months' men had also expired, and on the 24th the Tenth .with other troops crossed the Potomac into Maryland. The regiment marched to Hagerstown, and thence moved by railroad to Har risburg, where it was mustered out of service on the 31st of July. TENTH REGIMENT. Company I. Henry M. McConnell, captain ; William Linton, first lieutenant; Mar tin V. B. Harding, second lieutenant; Henry Dunbauch, first ser geant ; George W. Speese, second sergeant; John E. Bryant, third sergeant; Andrew E. Ingersoll, fourth sergeant; George W. Trita, first corporal; John Hoffman, second corporal; Thomas Ellis, third corporal ; George D. Mengher, fourth corporal ; George W. Brady, John Dawson, musicians. Privates. Baily, John. Bish, Henry. Bald, Henry. Beatty, John. Bouchter, Charles. Bosswell, William. Culton, Edwin F. Crane, Nathaniel. Crauch, Andrew. Crunian, John. Conrad, James M. Cohoe, John, Davis, John. Dawson, Henry N. English, Michael. Foulk, John. Fulkner, William. Finit, John. Finn, Patrick. Gallagher, Daniel. Herberson, Jacob. HobBun, Thomas. Heckley, Allen. Hevin, Thomas. Keller, William. Kiner, Matthias. Martin, Solomon. Meynard, Peter. Martin, Henry. McManivay, Patrick. McReere, Edward. Mclntire, John. McEllray, John. McEllray, John. Neff, Jacob H. Neal, David. Neal, Daniel. O'Harra, Thomas. O'Hemenay, John. Paughett, Charles. Patch, William. Patch, Thomas. Paulsen, John. Rusk, Thomas. Rettoun, Joseph. Rutter, John J. Rogers, William. Repple, John. Ramsey, Benjamin. Smith, Joseph I. WAR OF THE REBELLION. 115 Sander, Andrew. Smith, John W. Smith, Thomas. Solomon, John. Treadgold, Vehera. Turtnean, Thomas. Vocht, Leonard. Vocht, John. Vnll, Edward W. Wilson, Andrew. Wilson, Frederick. Wert. Alpha. Wetherill, William. Young, William. In the Fourteenth Regiment (three months' ser vice) was a Blair County company, chiefly from Mar tinsburg and vicinity. This company, designated as H company of the regiment, was mustered into service April 24, 1861. Company I of the Fourteenth also contained a number of men from Blair and Hunting don Counties. Its commissioned officers were Capt. Alexander Bobb, First Lieut. J. C. Saunders, Second Lieut. John H. Typher. This regiment was organized at Camp Curtin in the latter part of April, 1861, under the following- named field-officers : • John W. Johnston, colonel ; Richard McMichael, lieutenant-colonel; Charles N. Watts, major. It was mustered into the United States service as a regiment April 30th. On the 9th of May it was moved from Camp Curtin to the fair grounds at Lancaster, and there remained until the 3d of June, when it moved to a camp about five miles from Chambersburg, and was there assigned to the Fifth brigade (Gen. James S. Negley) of Gen. Wil liam H. Keim's (Second) division. After a stay of about two weeks at the camp near Chambersburg, the regiment moved (June 16th) to Hagerstown, Md., and thence on the 20th to a camp near Sharpsburg. At this place it remained until the 2d of July, when it moved with the column under Gen. Patterson across the Potomac into Virginia, and on the 3d (having encountered Ashby's Confederate cavalry on the march of the previous day) arrived at Martinsburg, where it remained on provost and other duty until the 15th of July, when it moved with the forces of Gen. Patterson to Bunker Hill, Va., upon a report that the enemy was in force at that place. No enemy was found, however, but only his deserted camps, and on the 18th the regiment marched to Charlestown, Va., and on the 21st (the day of the Bull Run battle) to Harper's Ferry, where, two days later, the news was received of the great disaster to the Union arms. This ended the Virginia campaign, and soon afterwards, the term of service of the Four teenth having nearly expired, it crossed the Potomac, marched to Hagerstown, where it arrived on the 26th, was moved thence by rail to Chambersburg, and from there to Carlisle, where after a stay of eleven days it was mustered out and disbanded on the 7th of August. FOURTEENTH REGIMENT. Company H. Thomas Holland, captain ; William McGraw, first lieutenant; Samuel A Andrews, second lieutenant; David Gildea, first sergeant ; John H Robertson second sergeant; Joseph Maule, third sergeant; George S. Hoover, fourth sergeant; David Ligenfeldt, first corporal; Jacob W AndrewB second corporal; Mahlon B. Hamilton, third corporal; John H. Black, fourth corporal; Daniel B. Hicks, Thomas Lloyd, musician b. Breeze, Samuel. Boring, Henry J. Burkey, Aaron, Brubaker, Emanuel. Burke, Patrick. Bartlebaugh, Philip. Christian, John G. Dallas, John. Dibert, Michael H. Davis, George W. Davis, Joshua. Donahay, David A. Dillman, Simon P. Dougherty, Michael. Engle, Henry. Emeigh, CharleB. Fleck, John. Fry, Solomon W. Flinn, Samuel. Fether, Michael. Gibboney, James H. Gibboney, Luther M. Gates, Martin. Grooms, David. Hainsey, George. Henderson, William. Hammond, Edward. Hodge, Patrick F. Hammers, James J. Hammond, Greenbury. Hughes, John. Hall, George. Ickis, Adam. Isett, Aaron B. Keith, William. Laise, John H. Mowry, William R. Miller, Edward B. Miller, Henry. Mangus, Abraham. Mountain, William. Myers, Peter. McConnell, William J. Mclnay, John. McKenzie, Robert. McCartney, James. Malone, Christian. Nofsker, William. Osner, George A. Perkins, George W. Robinson, James. Rotherick, Davis B. • Robinson, William. Reffner, James. Rough, Andrew. Ruggles, Joseph. Smith, William. Smith, John. Smith, David. Stiffler, William. Shanck, Joshua. Vaughn, George. Wilt, Joseph. Williams, James. Company I. Alexander Bobb, captain; J. C. Saunders, first lieutenant; John H. Ty pher, second lieutenant; William Knee, first sergeant; David Bren- neman, second sergeant; James McFadden, third sergeant ; David McKee, fourth sergeant; Johnson C. Ackers, first corporal; George Strayer, second corporal: John Grimes, third corporal; Peter Bar ley, fourth corporal ; Thomas Campbell, H. Boner, musicians. Privates. Brenizer, John. Brown, Washington. Brown, William. Bartlebaugh, M. Bird, George. Bartlebaugh, Silas. Brown, Jacob. Barr, Reuben. Burket, George. Bossier, Henry. Brenner, Amos. Coleman, James. Campbell, Lawrence. Cook, Charles. Carman, Henry. Conrad, Isaac. Dunlap, John. Dilser, Lawrence. Daniels, Edward. Fore, Yost. Fink, Jacob. Firth, John. Fight, William. Fighter, Clemens. Firth, Jacob. Fite, Abraham. Funk, David. Geitly, Jacob. Guilard, George. Greenleaf, Buiner. Grove, Amos. Himes, John. Hoover, George. Houck, Joseph. Henry, Frederick. Himes, John. Hoover, George. Herrington, Horace. Kuehall, Richard. Kemmerer, Samuel. Kiehl, Theodore. Kolb, Henry. Kurtz, George. Kurr, William. Kissler, John. Lyman, Charles. Ling] e, Jerome. Leidig, Daniel. Lytle, John. Little, James. Loose, Samuel. Miller, Edward. McGinley, Thomas. Muckler, George. Mordus, Samuel. Mausaus, George. McChesne, John. Moore, George. Metzgar, John. Mortis, Samuel. Miller, Samuel. Moore, Lewis. Mortzer, Samuel. Moss, Edwin. Nickeson, Charles. Ruggles, John. Roberts, William. Rhodes, Christian. 116 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Ross, Jacob. Rice, Joseph. Sheffler, Emanual. Spencer, James. Shoeman, David. Solida, John. Futer, John. Williams, John. Wykoff, Samuel. Washing, James. Winn, Henry. Winn, William. The Fifteenth Regiment contained one company which, though credited to Cambria County, was made up largely of men from Huntingdon, which county furnished all its commissioned officers, as will be found in the roll. This company — designated as H of the Fifteenth — was mustered into service on the 23d of April, 1861. The Fifteenth Regiment was organized at Camp Curtin, its field-officers being Col. Richard A. Oakford, Lieut.-Col. Thomas Biddle, Maj. Stephen N. Bradford. It was brigaded with the Fourteenth, under Gen. James S. Negley, and its history from muster in to muster out is essentially the same as that of the Fourteenth. A considerable number of men of Huntingdon and Blair Counties served in other companies and regi ments, but the companies which have been men tioned above were all which were distinctively of these counties in the three months' service. During their first enlistment they saw nothing of actual war, but the greater part of them afterwards entered regi ments raised for three years, and in that term of ser vice became veteran soldiers. Many of them gave up their lives on the battle-field, many others died in Southern prisons, and hundreds who came back from the conflict to their homes in the valley of the Ju niata will bear to their graves the scars and wounds received in the service of their country. Below are given lists of officers and enlisted men of the companies from Huntingdon and Blair Coun ties serving in the three months' regiments men tioned in the preceding military sketches, viz. : FIFTEENTH REGIMENT. Company H. Joseph Johnson, captain; Michael McNally, first lieutenant; William H. Simpson, second lieutenant; George W. Barkley, first sergeant; Andrew McAIwane, second sergeant; David Wilson, third sergeant ; Patrick McAteer, fourth Bergeant; John P. Murphy, first corporal; William Wharton, second corporal ; Arthur Jones, third corporal ¦ Adam Garber, fourth corporal ; George Jenkins, Denseth Cooper musicians. Privates. Altman, Gustavus. Brewster, McGinley. Baird, William. Barnicle, Timothy. Breninger, George. Bodaly, Mark. Benson, William. Baldwin, Alexander T. Cornelly, Thomas. Duffy, Austin, Dixon, William. Davis, William H. Davis, Henry. Dorland, William. Elliott, Benjamin M. Estep, Jumes. Emmet, James. Firebaugh, Jacob. Harvey, Samuel. Haney, Levi. Hagans, John. Heckendon, Henry. Heidler, James. Heidler, William. Heidler, Thomas, Hoffman, Daniel. Hefright, Henry. Koch, Leo. Kinsel, Thomas. Kinsel, Henry M. Kaige, Joseph. Lego, Abraham. Lewis, William G. Myers, John A. Murphy, S. A. Mulvany, Hugh. Martin, John. Miller, William. McCook, John. McDowell, Matthew. Nelson, William. Port, Henry. Richerson, George. Randolph, George. Steinman, Matthew, Stehley, Henry. Stanly, Joseph B. Shriver, Frederick. Sellers, Jacob. Stevens, Isaac. Turman, Grier. Temple, Thomas. Temple, Isaac H. Turman, Royer. Vanorman, William. White, Thomas. Worley, William M. Wilson, Alfred. Wilson, Samuel. Weight, John E. Welsh, John. Weight, John. Watson, Eugene. Withington, William. CHAPTER XIX. MILITARY— WAR OF THE REBELLION.— (Continued.) THE THEEE TEAKS' TROOPS— THE TWENTY-EIGHTH EEGIMENT. After the filling of the first quotas the War De partment changed its policy and ceased to accept three months' men, the term of service required being three years or during the war, with some ex ceptions of regiments enlisted for shorter times. Dur ing the long struggle Huntingdon and Blair Counties furnished large numbers of troops for the armies of the United States. Of the movements and services of those regiments in which Huntingdon and Blair men served separate historical sketches will be given, with lists of their Huntingdon and Blair County members. It is admitted, however, that the lists given are not entirely accurate or complete, but they are as nearly so as it is practicable to make them from the records of the adjutant-general's office. The Twenty-eighth (three years) Regiment of the Pennsylvania line was raised and organized in the summer of. 1861, principally through the efforts, and largely at the expense, of its original colonel, John W. Geary, who was a veteran officer of the Mexican war, and who afterwards became a general in the United States service and Governor of the State of Pennsylvania. The other field-officers of the Twenty-eighth were Lieut.-Col. Gabriel de Korponay and Maj. Hector Tyndale. The regiment was of unusual size, embracing fifteen companies,1 of which one (Company O) was recruited in Huntingdon County ; its commissioned officers will be found in the muster-roll. The rendezvous of the regiment was a camp at Oxford Park, Philadelphia, where the organization was effected, and the regiment brought up to the usual strength of ten full companies priorto the battle of Bull Run, July 21st. Under the urgent call for reinforcements resulting from that disaster to the Union arms, Col. Geary, with the ten completed 1 Above the number of men necessary to form these fifteen companies there was an overplus which was formed into a battery, known as Knapp's Battery of the 28th, and for a time attached to the regiment under Col. Geary. WAR OF THE REBELLION. 117 companies of the Twenty-eighth, left the rendezvous on the 27th of July, and proceeded by railroad to Harper's Ferry, Va. ; the other five companies (not then completed) being left at camp under Maj. Tyn- dale, with orders to join the command at the front at the earliest possible time. The main body of the regiment oh arrival at Har per's Ferry was assigned to the brigade of Col. (after wards major-general) George H. Thomas, in the corps of Gen. N. P. Banks. From Harper's Ferry the Twenty-eighth moved to Sandy Hook, a short distance lower down the Potomac, on the Maryland side, from which latter place it marched on the 14th of August to Point of Rocks, sixteen miles lower down and on the same side of the river, where the regi mental headquarters were established ; but the com mand (divided into detachments, and being joined not long afterwards by the five other companies) occupied a line nearly thirty miles long on the Potomac (above and below the Point), with picket-posts established at about every quarter of a mile the entire distance ; the duty being to guard the numerous fording-places and ferries, to prevent the crossing of bodies of the enemy, and also to stop communication between the disaf fected people of that part of Maryland and the Con federates on the Virginia side. In these and other duties the Twenty-eighth held the line of the Potomac for more than six months, during which time its detachments frequently partic ipated in minor engagements with the enemy across thg river, and captured in the aggregate a large num ber of prisoners. On the 15th of September, at a point above Harper's Ferry, the posts of the regiment were attacked by the enemy, who was driven back with a loss to them of nearly one huudred killed and wounded, and four light artillery pieces taken by Geary's men. Nine days afterwards the position of the regiment at Point of Rocks was furjously but in effectually assailed by artillery and infantry from the south side of the river, the fight continuing for more than two hours. A similar affair occurred about the 28th, in which the enemy was driven from a fortified position opposite Berlin, Md., and again, on the 2d of October, they were dislodged from their defenses on the south side of the river below Weaverton. On the 16th Col. Geary, with parts of the Twenty-eighth, the Third Wisconsin, and the Thirteenth Massachusetts Regiments, crossed the river above the mouth of the ' Shenandoah, and fought a brisk battle with the ene my's forces under Col. " Shanks" Evans, of South Carolina, and Turner Ashby, of Virginia, defeating them with a loss estimated at one hundred and fifty killed and wounded, and capturing one heavy piece of artillery and ten prisoners. The Huntingdon County company (0) participated with the regiment and different divisions to which it was attached in the many engagements of the several campaigns, among which the following were most prominent: Nolan's Ferry, Md., Oct. 30,1861; Ber lin, Md., Nov. 10, 1861 ; Harper's Ferry, Va., Nov. 24, 1861 ; Bolivar Heights, Va., Feb. 25 and 26, 1862; Lovettsville, Va., March 1, 1862; Wheatland, Va., March 7, 1862 ; Leesburg, Va., March 8, 1862 ; and from that time to the next April the company par ticipated in engagements with the enemy at Upper- ville, Ashby's Gap, Rectortown, Piedmont, Linden, Front Royal, Middleburg, Salem, White Plains, and on April 14, 1862, at Catlett's Station. May 15, 1862, a part of the company was captured at Linden, Va., and on July 10th the company and regiment were assigned to the Second Brigade, First Division, Second Corps, under Gen. Banks. Sept. 17, 1862, the com pany and regiment was engaged in the battle of An- tietam, and on the 23d crossed the Potomac in pur suit of the enemy. Oct. 28, 1862, the company was transferred to the One Hundred and Forty-seventh Regiment, and with that command mustered out of the service. TWENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT. Company 0. (Mustered in Aug. 17, 1861. Date of transfer to Company B, One Hun dred and Forty-seventh Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, Oct. 28, 1862, except where noted.) George F. McCabe, captain; J. Addison Moore, first lieutenant ; A H. W. Creigh, second lieutenant; Wm. W. Willett, first sergeant; K. E. Thompson, S. S. Deffenbaugh, M. M. Vandevander, William H. Glazier, Edwin McCabe (pro. to sergt. Jan. 1, 1862), Bergeants ; James Moore, David Heffner, Thomas Keegan (trans, to Knapp's Pa. Bat tery Oct. 5, 1861), Wilkins Briggs (reduced Oct. 17, 1861), John Witherspoon, Samuel Rinard (reduced Feb. 28, 1862), John Donohue, John Shoemaker (pro. to corp. Feb. 28, 1862), corporals; Jacob Mc- Call, Josiah M. Funk, musicians. Privates. Barber, Alex. R. Barr, John, disch. on surg. cert. Dec. 27, 1861. Brown, Asel. Bowersox, George W. Black, Wm. H., pro. to sergt. Nov. 1, 1861. Bruce, Charles, trans, to Knapp's Pa. Battery Oct. 5, 1861. Baker, Ephraim. Bard, Thomas. Brown, Washington. Clark, Benj. F. Cannon, Thomas, wounded at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. Cane, William. Cronan, Dennis, trans, to Knapp's Pa. Battery Oct. 5, 1861. Copeland, William P. Corbin, Matthew. Cossart, William H. 1 Corbin, Washington. Cedars, Joseph. Dambuskey, H. Clark, Amos. Davis, James W., wounded, with loss of leg, Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862. Duffy, John P., wounded, with loss of leg, Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862. Dittus, George W. Farraday, Thomas. Griffin, Thomas. Gibson, Wm. H., trans, to Knapp's Pa. Battery Oct. 5, 1861. Green, James A. Hoffman, John. Hei'Bkey, Frederick. Hinchman, Isaac. Hughes, W. H., pro. to corp. Sept. 1, 1861 ; to sergt. Nov. 1, 1861. Henkleroad, J. W. Hughes, James. Jones, Richard. Johnson, Thomas, pro. to corp. Jan. 10, 1862 ; reduced May 10th. Johns, Jesse, killed at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. Kearney, Michael. Klepser, Andrew, killed at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. Lowery, Samuel. Lowery, David. Lamp, David, kill'd at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. l.eightv, George. 118 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Long, William H. Martin, John H., trans, to Co. — , 147th Regt. P. v., Oct. 28, 1862. Marks, Benjamin F. Maloney, Samuel C. Mogle, Adam. Murphy, James. Miles, Albert. Mehan, Matthew. Morgan, Adam. Morgan, Thomas. Maxwell, Curtis. Morningstar, John, wounded at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. McRay, Jacob. McCarron, Edwin. McLaughlin, Neal. Neally, David. McCullen, Alex. O'Neal, James. McAvoy, William. Phillips, James, trans, to Knapp's Pa. Battery Oct. 5, 1861. Patterson, W. H. Roupe, Thomas. Paulding, Worthington. Riley, John. Richards, T. H. Rankin, William. Robinson, Edward, disch. on surg. certif. June SO, 1862. Smiley, Wm. A. Sutherland, James. Scott, Adam. Sneath, George < '., killed at Linden, Va., May 15, 1862. Shinn, William. Snyder, John. Snyder, George W. Tillotson, John, disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 26, 1861. Taylor, Solomon S. Thomas, Jacob. Teeter, Samuel. Turley, Hugh. Thorance, Joseph. Tobias, Calvin. Thompson, Wm. M. Tolan, James, disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 17, 1861. Witherspoon, William. Williams, Richard, wounded at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. Wilson, Hugh. Wineburg, John H. Weaver, John v., died at Frederick, Md., Feb. 26. 1S62. The Fifth Reserve, or Thirty-fourth Regiment. — The Fifth Reserve Regiment, numbered the Thirty- fourth of the Pennsylvania line, was organized at Camp Curtin on the 20th of June, 1861, being made up of companies previously formed and filled in Lycoming, Northumberland, Clearfield, Union, Hunt ingdon, Centre, Bradford, and Lancaster Counties. Huntingdon County furnished two companies, viz. : the " Huntingdon Infantry,'' Capt. Andrew S. Har rison, and the " Scott Infantry," Capt. George Dare. The first named of these companies was designated as G company, and the latter as I company of the regiment. The original field-officers of the Fifth Reserve were Col. John I. Gregg, of Centre County, Lieut.-Col. Joseph W. Fisher, of Lancaster County, and Maj. George Dare, of Huntingdon County, pro moted from captain of I company, and succeeded in the command of that company by Capt. Frank Zentmyer. On the 21st of June, the day following the organ ization of the Fifth under the above-named field-offi cers, Col. Gregg resigned in order to accept a captaincy to which he had been appointed in the Sixth United States Cavalry. He was succeeded in the colonelcy of the Fifth by Capt. Seneca G. Simmons, of the Seventh Regular Infantry, and in the morning of the 22d the regiment, with Battery A, First Pennsyl vania Artillery, and the " Bucktail" regiment, under Col. Charles J. Biddle, left Camp Curtin under orders from Gen. Scott to proceed to Cumberland, Md., to relieve the Eleventh Indiana Regiment, under com mand of Col. Lew Wallace at that point. The route of the command was from Harrisburg by the Penn sylvania Railroad to Huntingdon, thence southward by the Huntingdon and Broad Top Railroad to Hopewell, where it arrived on the night of the 22d the men having been profusely feasted during their stop at Huntingdon, where " an ample dinner had been provided for the coming soldiers, of which they partook most freely, and filled their haversacks with the choicest dainties." From the night camp of the 22d at Hopewell the command moved early in the morning of Sunday, the 23d of June, and took the road for Bedford Springs, near which place it encamped on the same evening. This was named " Camp McCall," and the two regi ments and battery remained there three days. From " Camp McCall" the command marched to the Mary land line, where a camp was formed called " Camp Mason and Dixon." There it remained until the night of the 7th of July, when it moved forward and occupied Cumberland, this being done at the urgent request of the citizens of the town, who desired it for protection against a rumored raid of the enemy's cavalry. The attack was not made, being prevented doubtless by the presence of the Pennsylvania troops. On the following day the regiments took possession of the camps previously occupied by Col. Wallace's Indianians. On the 13th of July the command moved to a camp about two miles from New Creek, Va., and twenty miles above Cumberland, where a rail road bridge had been destroyed by the enemy. The town of New Creek was occupied immediately after wards by the troops, and on the 20th the Fifth moved to Piedmont, to hold the town and afford protection to its Unionist citizens. At this place some of the men of the regiment took possession of the office of the Piedmont Independent (the editor of which journal had been driven away by the rebels) and from it issued a paper called the Pennsylvania Reserve, " which was the first of a great number of similar publications issued during the war by the editors and printers in the volunteer army." This campaign of the Fifth and the Bucktails at Cumberland, Piedmont, New Creek, and neighboring parts of Virginia was of forty days' duration, in which time they had frequent skirmishes with bodies of the enemy's cavalry and infantry, afforded protec tion to the Union people of that region, and by re pairing the railroad bridges which had been destroyed by rebels reopened railroad communication between Baltimore and Wheeling. Their campaign was closed on account of the urgent need of more troops in the vicinity of Washington to protect that city against the expected advance of the enemy after the battle of Bull Run. In conformity to orders recalling this command the regiments and battery took up their line of march northward on the 27th of July, and moving to Hopewell, proceeded thence by railroad through Huntingdon to Harrisburg, where theyar- WAR OF THE REBELLION. 119 rived on the 31st. There the companies were recruited to near the maximum strength, and on the 8th of August the Fifth was moved by rail to Washington, and thence marched to the camp established for the reserve division at Tenallytown, Md., as before men tioned. In the organization of the division at the Tenally town camp the Fifth was assigned to Brig.-Gen. John F. Reynolds' (First) brigade, of which the other regi ments were the First, Second, and Eighth Reserves, commanded respectively by Col. R. Biddle Roberts, Col. William B. Mann, and Col. George S. Hays. The regiment remained at Tenallytown about two months, a period which was passed in camp routine, picket duty, and frequent alarms along the line of the Potomac, and on the 9th of October moved with its brigade and division across that historic stream and took position in the line of the Army of the Potomac at Langley, Va., at which place the Reserve division made its winter-quarters. In the battle of Dranes- ville, which was fought on the 20th of December by the Third Brigade (Gen. Ord's) of the Reserves, neither the Fifth Regiment nor any part of Reynolds' brigade took part, having been delayed at Difficult Creek by orders of Gen. McCall. . On the 10th of March, 1862, the Fifth, with the entire division, moved from the winter-quarters at Camp Pierpont (Langley) to Hunter's Mills, Va., with the expectation of joining in a general advance of the army on the Confederate position at Manassas. But it was found that the enemy had evacuated his line of defenses and retired towards Gordonsville, and thereupon the plan of the campaign was changed by the commanding general, McClellan, and the Re serve regiments were ordered back to the Potomac. On the 14th the retrograde march was commenced, and continued through mud, darkness, and a deluge of rain to Alexandria, where it was expected that the division would embark with the rest of the Army of the Poto mac for the Peninsula; but this was not the case. The division of McCall was assigned to duty with the First Corps under Gen. McDowell, which, with the exception of Franklin's division, was held be tween the Potomac and Rappahannock Rivers for the protection of the city of Washington. From Alexandria the Fifth, with its brigade, marched back (April 9th) to Manassas, thence to Catlett's Station, thence to Falmouth, and (May 26th) across the Rappahannock to Fredericksburg, of which place Gen. Reynolds was appointed military Governor. An advance from Fredericksburg along the line of the railroad towards Richmond was in tended, but this was found to be inexpedient, and as Gen. McClellan was calling urgently for reinforce ments to the Peninsula, Reynolds' brigade was re called from its advanced position on the railroad, the entire division was marched to Gray's Landing, and there (June 9th) embarked for White House, on the Pamunkey River, where it arrived on the 9th of June. There had been a vast quantity of stores collected at White House for the use of the army on the Chicka- hominy, and the timely arrival of the Reserves pre vented the destruction of those stores by a strong de tachment of Confederate cavalry under Fitzhugh Lee, who was then on his way towards the Pamunkey for that purpose. From White House the Fifth marched with its division by way of Baltimore Cross- Roads to join the Army of the Potomac in the vicin ity of Gaines' Mill. Thence the division was moved to the extreme right, where it took position at Mechan- icsville and along the line of Beaver Dam Creek. On Thursday, the 26th of June, was fought the battle of Mechanicsville, the first of that series of bloody engagements known collectively as the " Seven Days' Fight," and also (with the exception of the se vere skirmish at Dranesville in the previous Decem ber) the first engagement in which the infantry of the Pennsylvania Reserves took part. The Fifth had been that morning ordered across the Beaver Dam Creek to guard the Mechanicsville and Meadow Bridges, and four companies advanced to Mechan icsville. At one o'clock p.m. the enemy appeared and drove in the advanced pickets to the creek. At two p.m. Reynolds withdrew his brigade and occupied the light works which had been thrown up behind the creek. The Fifth occupied the left centre of the brigade line, being posted in the partial cover of a belt of woods on the left of the road. The enemy, advancing in strong force, attacked with great im petuosity, the Georgia and Louisiana troops wading Beaver Dam Creek where the water reached up to their belts, and charging again and again with fierce determination. Reynolds' brigade on the right re ceived and repelled the severest assaults in the con flict, which raged through the whole afternoon, and only ceased when darkness closed down on wood and stream. The entire loss of the Reserve division was two hundred and ten killed and wounded and two hundred and eleven missing, of which number the Fifth Regiment sustained a loss of fifty killed and wounded. Through the night succeeding the battle the 'men of the Pennsylvania Reserves slept on the field of conflict. At daylight on the morning of the 27th of June the Fifth, with its companion regiments, with drew from the line of the Beaver Dam, and moved down parallel with the Chickahominy, some two or three miles, to Gaines' Mill, where Gen. Fitz John Porter's corps (of which the Reserves formed a part) was placed in line of battle for the renewed conflict, which was inevitable. Butterfield's brigade occupied the extreme left, Sykes' division of regulars the right, and McCall's Pennsylvanians were placed in the second line, Meade's brigade being on the left, near the Chickahominy, and Reynolds' brigade on the right of the line of the Reserves. Approaching the Union lines from the direction of Cold Harbor and Dispatch Station were the Confederate com- 120 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. mands of Gens. A. P. Hill, Longstreet, D. H. Hill, and (farther away, but moving up with all possible speed) the corps of the redoubtable " Stonewall" Jackson, in all more than fifty thousand men, against half that number on the Union side. The battle was opened by a furious attack on the regulars com posing Porter's right. These, after having repulsed the enemy in his first attack, finally gave way before a renewed assault. The battle raged furiously during the afternoon, the Fifth, and other regiments of the Reserves in the second line, being constantly under a severe artillery fire. Between four and five o'clock the Second and Third Brigades were advanced to the first line, and at once became heavily engaged, the enemy making a furious and most determined assault at that point of the line. " The Fifth Regiment, on my left," said Maj. Stone, of the Bucktails, in his offi cial report, "the conduct of which afforded a con stant example of courage and discipline, answered the enemy with the most terrific fire." In that peril ous position the regiment stood fast, and held its ground against repeated charges, until the men had exhausted their ammunition, when they retired be fore a flank assault made by the veterans of Stone wall Jackson.1 Just then the famous Irish Brigade moved past them rapidly to the front, poured in a destructive volley, and bravely held the enemy in check, while the wearied men of the Fifth fell back with empty cartridge-boxes, but without panic or disorder, to the Chickahominy. During the after noon of the battle the command of the Fifth devolved on Lieut.-Col. Fisher, Col. Simmons being in com mand of the brigade. The heroic Gen. Reynolds, the brigade commander, became separated from his troops, and was captured by the enemy on the follow ing morning. The losses of the Fifth Regiment in this engagement were not reported separately from those of the succeeding four days. The day of Gaines' Mill closed in blood and defeat to the Union forces, and during the night the shat tered Pennsylvania Reserves, with the other troops, succeeded in crossing the Chickahominy and destroy ing the bridge behind them, though two bridges farther down the stream (Bottom's and Long Bridges) still remained ; and it was not long after sunrise on Saturday morning when the Confederate force under the indomitable Jackson was massed at the upper one of these and preparing to cross to the south side. Other hostile forces were also advancing, and in view of this rather alarming situation of affairs the gen eral had, as early as Friday morning, decided on a retreat by the whole army to James River, where a base of supplies could be held, aud communication on the river kept open by the Union gunboats. The 1 A Confederate officer who was present at the battle of Gaines' Mil], in writing of it afterwards, paid a high compliment to the gallant con duct of the Pennsylvania Reserves on that field, and said, " It was only when the news came that Jackson was upon them in their rear that, about eight o'clock, tbey retired before our advance." troops were informed of the proposed change by an apparently triumphant announcement (intended merely to encourage the soldiers, and lighten in some degree the gloom of the great disaster) that a new flank movement was about to be executed that would surely and swiftly result in the capture of Richmond. No such assurance, however, could conceal from the intelligent men who formed the Army of the Poto mac that their backs, and not their faces, were now turned towards the Confederate capital, and that the " change of base" was made from necessity rather than choice. During the day succeeding that of the Gaines' Mill battle the Fifth Reserve lay in quiet on the south side of the Chickahominy, near the York River Rail road. On Sunday, the 29th, it moved with the other regiments to and across White Oak Swamp, and at evening came to the vicinity of Charles City Cross- Roads, where on the following day a fierce battle was fought, in which the Fifth took gallant part The first assault of the enemy at Charles City Cross- Roads was received at about one o'clock in the after noon of the 30th. At about three o'clock the Fifth became heavily engaged, and, with the Eighth, charged the Seventh and Seventeenth Virginia Con federate Regiments, putting them to complete rout, and capturing many prisoners. Later in the day the Fifth fought desperately, repelling repeated assaults of the foe, and losing its commander, the brave Col. Simmons, who was mortally wounded, taken pris oner, and died in the hands of the enemy. No abler or more gallant officer than Col. Seneca G. Simmons ever led a regiment to battle. The division com mander, Gen. McCall, was also taken prisoner in this engagement. In the terrible battle of Malvern Hill, which was fought in the afternoon of the following day (July 1st), the Fifth being held with the division in reserve, did not become actively engaged, though it lay for hours under a heavy fire of artillery. The battle opened about four o'clock p.m., and from that time until darkness closed the roar of musketry, the crash of artillery, and the howling of canister was uninter- • mitting. Finally the carnage ceased, and the men of the North lay down on the field (as they supposed) of victory. But at about midnight orders came to fall in for a march, and the Pennsylvania Reserves, with other commands of the Army of the Potomac, moved silently down the hill and away on the road to Berkeley (or Harrison's Landing), where they ar rived and camped on the 2d of July. The loss of the Fifth Reserve Regiment in the seven days' bat tles from the Chickahominy to Malvern Hill was one hundred and thirty-three killed and wounded, and one hundred and three taken prisoners. By the death of Col. Simmons, Lieut.-Col. Fisher was pro moted to colonel, Maj. George Dare to lieutenant' colonel, and Capt.. Frank Zentmyer to major of the regiment. WAR OF THE REBELLION. 121 After a dreary stay of about six weeks at Harri son's Landing the Fifth broke camp, and from that time to the final muster out Companies G and I par ticipated in the several battles in which the regiment was engaged, among which were the second Bull Run, Aug. 20, 1862, in which Lieut. R. W. Smith, of Com pany G, was killed; South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862. In February, 1863, was sent to Washington to rest and recruit. In battle of Gettysburg, Pa., in July, 1863; War- renton, Bristoe Station, Mine Run, and then sta tioned at Alexandria through the winter of 1863-64. In battle of Wilderness, Perkin's Store, Fredericks burg, and Orange Turnpike, May 6, 1864; Spott- sylvania Court-House, North Anna River, Bethesda 'Church; May 30, 1864, which was their last battle. They left the field June 1, 1864, and proceeded to Holmesburg, Pa., where the whole regiment was re ceived with joyous demonstrations by the people of its native State. THIRTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. Company G. (Mustered in June 21, 1861, except where noted. Date of muster out with company June 11, 1864, except where noted.) A. S. Harrison, capt., disch. Oct. 24, 1862. John E. Wolfe, pro. from 1st lieut. Co. D to capt. Jan. 12, 1862; disch. April 11, 1863, for wounds reed, at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862. C. M. Hildebrand, pro. from 1st lieut. to capt, Aug. 25, 1863; brevet major March 13, 1865. George Thomas, 1st lieut, disch. Oct. 24, 1862. Thomas Conpropst, 1st lieut., res. May 15, 1862. J. A. Willoughby, 1st "lieut., pro. to 1st lieut. Aug. 25, 1863 ; to adjt. May 7, 1861; Jo brevet capt. March 13, 1865.J William F. Thomas, 2d lieut., disch. Oct. 14, 1862. Joel Thompkins, 2d lieut, res. Aug. 15, 1863. Robert W. Smith, 2d lieut., pro. from sergt.-maj . to 2d lieut. Aug. 8, 1862 ; killed at Bull Run Aug. 20, 1862. R. McC. Alexander, 2d lieut., pro. to 2d lieut. Aug. 25, 1863 ; brevet 1st Iieur. March 13, 1865. H. Stt nebraker, 1st sorgt. Richard Meredith, 1st sergt., wounded and prisoner at Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862; died at Richmond, Va.,Dec. 21, 1862. Jacob Hawn, sergt. Patrick Kelly, sergt. David Shoutz, sergt. Henry Eckley, sergt. Thomas Given, sergt., died Oct. 1, 1862, of wounds reed, at Antietam September 17th. Alexander Shannon, sergt. David Decker, corp. Peter B. Posten, corp. Anderson Stewart, corp. Robert McCarrell, corp., trans, to 191st Regt. P. V. June 6, 1864 ; vet. Franklin Couts, corp., trans, to 191st Regt. P. V. June 6, 1864 ; vet. John S. Henderson, corp., disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 11, 1862. John C. Smith, musician. W. H. Wickerman, musician. Allison, Steel, disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 21, 1862. Brewster, James 0. Brinder, David, killed at Wilderness May 7, 1864. Cox, William, trans, to 191st Regt. P. V. June 6, 1864; vet. Couts, George, trans, to 191st Regt. P. V. June 6, 1864; vet. Cairns, John, died of wounds reed, at Spottsylvania Court-House May 12, 1864. Corhett, Luther, killed at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862. Couts, Henry, killed at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. Corbin, Harrison, killed at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862. Couch, Cyrus. Corbin, George. Campbell, Charles. Dean, John, trans, to 191at Regt. P. V. June 6, 1864; vet. Davis, John E., died at Warrenton Junction Dec. 19, 1863. Ely, John, disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 16, 1862. Eilwards, George W., killed at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862. Everett, Walter H., disd Dec. 17, 1862, of wounds reed, at Fredericks burg. Foust, Frederick. Fisher, Franklin, trans, to Co. E Oct. 10, 1801. Fowler, Samuel, killed at New Market Cross-Roads June 30, 1862. Geissenger, D. II. Garrett, Bernard, disch. on surg. certif. April 2, 1863. Gilliland, William, disch. on surg. certif. May 4, 1863. Green, Charles, trans, to Vet. Res. Corps Sept. 1, 1863. Hinkson, Jacob. Hawn, Augustus. Hite, Thomas M., trans, to 191st Regt. P. V. June 6, 1864; vet. Hall, Thomas, trans, to 191st Regt. P. V. June 6, 1864 ; vet. Hoover, Joel, disch. on surg. certif. Sept. 13, 1862. Herbert, Michael. Irvin, Samuel. Irvin, Daniel, killed at Spottsylvania Court-House May 10, 1864. Johnson, John, disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 2, 1862, King, John P., trans, to 191st Regt. P. V. Juno 6, 1864 ; vet. Keith, Andrew, killed at New Market Cross-Roads June 30, 1862. Keith, StillmanH. Lloyd, Eleazer. Lei ghtner, John. Lloyd, Thomas, disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 10, 1862. Louther, William, trans, to Vet. Res. Corps Sept. 1, 1863. Moyer, John. Miller, David H., trans, to 19lst Regt. P. V. Juno 6, 1864; vot. Moore, James, trans, to 19lst Regt. P. V. June 6, 1864; vet. Morgan, Franklin, disch. by order War Dept. Dec. 10, 1862. McCabe, Samuel S. McDonald, Henry. Nash, George H. Nash, Daniel G., disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 4, 1862. O'Brien, John, disch. by order of War Dept. Dec. 10, 1862. Powell, Ephraim. Pope, Daniel. Pope, Edward. Prough, Samuel, trans, to 191st Regt. P. V. June 6,1864; vet. Pope, John, killed at New Market Cross-Roads June 30, 1862. Parks, John, killed at New Market Cross-Roads June 30, 1862. Rowland, James. Ramsey, John, disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 4, 1862. Rupert, George, disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 23, 1862. Shoutz, Jonas B., on detached service at muster out. Shoutz, Christian, wounded at Spottsylvania Court-House May 13, 1864; absent in hosp. at muster out. Stehley, Benjamin. Stewart, Asbury. Swivell, John, disch. on surg. certif. March 5, 1863. Sweeney, John, trans, to 191st Regt. P. V. June 6, 1864. Stewart, Joseph, killed at Bull Run Aug. 30, 1862. Stewart, Abraham,' killed at Spottsylvania Court-House May 10, 1864. Sheeder, William. Wicks, William. Weston, Simon. Westbrook, David. White, Thomas, trans, to 191st Regt. P. V. June 6, 1864; vet. Williamson, Samuel, disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 6, 1862. Company I. (Mustered in June 21, 1861, except where noted. Date of muster out June 11, 1864, except where noted.) Frank Zentmyer, capt., pro. to maj. Aug. 1, 1862. James Porter, capt., pro. from sergt. to 2d lieut. July 1, 1862 ; to capt. March 5, 1863. Robert B. Frazer, 1st lieut., dismissed Sept. 25, 1862. David Zentmyer, 1st lieut., pro. from 1st sergt. to 1st lieut. Oct. 1, 1862; killed at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862. Granville P. Swoope, 1st lieut., pro. from sergt.-maj. to 1st lieut. March 4, 1863 ; brevet capt. March 13, 1865. J. A. McPherran, 2d lieut. June 17,1861; pro. to capt. Co. F Julyl, 1862. Israel D. Kinch, 2d lieut., pro. from 1st sergt. to 2d lieut. Oct. 1, 18G2 ; killed at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1802. 122 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Thomas L. Guyer, 2d lieut., pro. from corp. to 2d lieut. March 5, 1863. John B. McKean, 1st sergt, pro. to corp. Feb. 1, 1862 ; to sergt. Sept. 2, 1862; to 1st sergt. Oct. 1, 1862. Martin W. Fink, sergt. William C. Patterson, sergt., pro. to corp. Sept. 2, 1862; to sergt. Oct. 1, 1862. George W. Speaker, sergt., pro. to sergt. Sept. 7, 1863. George Gensamore, sergt. J. F. Bathurst, sergt, disch. Dec. 19, 1863, for wounds received at Fred ericksburg Dec. 13, 1862. J. J. Paterson, sergt., trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, 1863. James A. Alburn, corp. Alexander Dickson, corp. David Knee, corp. Samuel Spaugler, corp., disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 28, 1862. N. H. Lee, corp., disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 20, 1863. John W. Ayres, corp., disch. Aug. 17, 1863, for wounds received at South Mountain Sept. 14, 1862. Miles Moore, corp. Jan. 24, 1861 ; trans, to 191st Regt. P.V. June 6, 1864; veteran. James R. Worts, corp. March 1, 1864 ; trans, to 191st Regt. P. V. June 6, 1864; vet Richard H. Dare, musician June 21, 1861. William Black, musician, trans, to 191st Regt. P.V. June 6, 1864; vet. Ayres, James P. Aurandt, Jonathan. Albright, David, must, in June 8, 1863; trans, to 191st Regt. P. V. June 6, 1864. Ainsworth, James, must, in June 8, 1863 ; died at Alexandria, Va., Feb. 23, 1864; burial record Feb. 25, 1864, grave 1380. Akley, John. Albright, George B., must, in June 8, 1863. Barton, John, trans, to 119th Regt. P. V. June 6, 1864; vet. Bohew, John, trans, to Vet. Res. Corps. Chamberlain, D. Chronister, Jacob. Campbell, Alex. Cornealy, John, trans, to Battery D, 5th IT. S. Art., Nov. 26, 1863. Cornealy, Christ Caldwell, David, must in Aug. 22, 1862 ; trans, to 191st Regt. P. V. June 6, 1864. Clark, Lewis L., died at Camp Tenally, D. C, Aug. 21, 1861. Crum, James, killed at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862. Crogan, Henry J. Dickson, Samuel, disch. Oct. 20, 1862, for wounds received at White Oak Swamp June 30, 1862. Dixon, William, died at Camp Tenally, D. C, Aug. 27, 1861. Frank, David, must, iu July 19, 1861 ; disch. March 3, 1863, for wounds received at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862. Feltenberger, J. Giles, James E. Garland, Joseph. Garvoe, Gideon. Geist, Martin. Griffith, Joseph. Griffith, Benjamin, trans, to 191st Regt. P. V. June 6, 1864. Gilland, W. Y., died at Chesapeake Hospital Nov. 25, 1862. Hampton, David D. Huey, William. Hamilton, Thomas. Henry, John, disch. on surg. certif. March 11, 1863. Hollman, Mahlon T., disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 29, 1862. Howard, James H., trans, to 191st Regt. P. V. June 6, 1864. Harpster, Jacob, trans, to 191st Regt. P. V. June 6, 1864. Harpster, Thomas, died at Camp Pierpont, Va., January, 1862. Hastings, Joseph, killed at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862. Householder, Samuel, killed at Mechanicsville, Ya., June 26, 1862. Huyett, Aaron. Isenberg, George W., wounded at North Anna River May 29, 1864. Keith, Joseph. Kelly, William. Klepper, John, disch. on surg. certif. Aug. 10, 1862. Kinch, Emminger, trans, to Signal Corps, date unknown. Knee, Henry, trans, to 19lBt Regt. P. V. June 6, 1864. Laird, Milton. Louis, Marshal H., trans, to 191st Regt. P. V. June 6, 1864; vet. Laport, Samuel, disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 28, 1862. Leper, George. Miller, Leander. Maguire, Luke. Morrow, William, killed at Mechauicsville, Va., June 26, 1862, Nash, John. Nash, Alexander, trans, to 191st Regt. P. V. June 6, 1864 ; vet. Patterson, William H. Parks, James. Rice, Jacitb. Rice, John C. Ray bold, Gottlieb. Reader, Daniel. Romberger, George A., trans, to 191at Regt. P. V. June 6, 1864; vet. Romberger, B. F., disch. on surg. certif. August, 1861. Shannon, William. Stewart, David D. Shannon, Peter, trans, to Battery C, 5th IT. S. Art. Nov. 21, 1862. Swisher, Henry, trans, to 191st Regt. P. V. June 6, 1864. Schuch, Benneville, died at Windmill Point, Va., Feb. 4, 1863, Shollenberger, C, killed at Mechanicsville, Va., June 26, 1862. Simpson, Oliver,- killed at Charles City Cross-Roads June 30, 1862. Smith, James W. Staines, W. Stewart, William. Strepler, Jacob. Sailor, Samuel. Tate, Edward, Thompson, John P., died at Forage Station, Va., June 18, 1862. Tremberg, Peter M. Taylor, Samuel, disch. on surg. certif. Sept. 11, 1862. Watson, George. Weston, Jeremiah, disch. on surg. certif. Aug. 20* 1862. Wills, Samuel, disch. on surg. certif. Sept. 15, 1863. Wilson, George C, disch. by Gen. Order Oct. 10, 1862. Worts, Thomas, trans, to Battery C, 5th U. S. Art. Nov. 21, 1862. Wilson, Abraham, trans, to 191st Regt. P. V. June 6, 1864. White, Henry, died at Camp Pierpont, Va., Jan. 21, 1862. Young, David, trans, to 191st Regt P. V. June 6, 1864. Yingling, Martin. Twelfth Reserve Regiment,— the Forty-first of the Pennsylvania line, — was made up of companies which had been raised for the three months' service but failed to secure acceptance, one of them being the Huntingdon Guards, from Huntingdon County, which became Company I of the regiment, the original commissioned officers being Capt. James C. Baker, First Lieut. Perry Etchison, and Second Lieut. Samuel J. Cloyd. The Twelfth was organized at Camp Curtin, where it was mustered into the United States service Aug. 10, 1861, its field-officers being Col. John H. Taggart, of Philadelphia; Lieut.-Col. Samuel N. Bailey, of York County; and Maj. Peter Baldy, of Northampton County. On the day of muster the regiment left Camp Curtin, and proceeded by way of Baltimore and Washington to the camp of the Re serve division at Tenallytown, Md., where it was as signed to the Third Brigade. The history of the Twelfth is much the same as that of the Fifth Reserve Regiment, both being in the same division (though for more than a year in different brigades) during their terms of service. For the general movements of the Reserves, therefore, reference may be had to the history of the Fifth al ready given. The latter regiment, however, was not in the battle of Dranesville, Dec. 20, 1861, where the Twelfth took part in the engagement, but without loss. In March, 1862, the regiment moved with the division to Hunter's Mills, Va., thence to Fairfax Court- House, to Centreville, to Manassas Junction, and to Fredericksburg, Va. The Huntingdon company (I), which had been stationed at Manassas Junc tion, marched thence with the Fifth Reserve Regi ment, and arrived at Falmouth, opposite Fredericks-; burg, on the 11th of May. WAR OF THE REBELLION. 123 At Fredericksburg the Twelfth joined the forces of Gen. Irwin McDowell, and Gen. Ord was succeeded by Gen. Truman Seymour, in command of the Third Brigade. From that place it moved with the division to the Virginia Peninsula, marching from White House Landing to Mechanicsville, where it became a part of the corps of Gen. Fitz John Porter. In the battle of Mechanicsville, June 26, 1862, the Twelfth occupied the extreme left of the line, where, at about four o'clock p.m., the enemy made a desper ate attempt to flank by sending a heavy force down the Ellerson Mill road. In the desperate conflict which followed the attempted execution of this move ment the Twelfth fought with unsurpassed bravery and determination, expending one hundred rounds of am munition, and holding the ground against a greatly superior force until darkness closed the fight. Between three and four o'clock on the morning of Friday, the 27th, the regiment retired with the division to Gaines' Mill. In the battle which was fought there on that day it was posted in support of Easton's battery, and remained on that duty and under a tremendous artil lery fire for more than three hours. At about half- past five o'clock the enemy assaulted in very heavy force, but was held in check for a time, with heavy loss on both sides. At dark the Twelfth with other Reserve regiments retired to the Chickahominy, and before midnight had crossed that stream by the Wood bury bridge. The loss of the regiment in the battle of the 27th was thirty-one killed and wounded. On the 28th (the day following the battle) the Twelfth was on picket along the Chickahominy. At three o'clock A.M. on Sunday, the 29th, it marched as guard to the reserve artillery train, moving on the road leading across White Oak Swamp to the James River. In the afternoon of the 30th it was engaged, as was also the Fifth Reserve, in the battle of Charle3 City Cross-Roads, receiving a sudden and tremendous at tack by a heavy force of the enemy, losing sixty-five killed, wounded, and missing. At midnight the Twelfth marched from the field on the road to James River, halting at Malvern Hill, where Gen. McClellan massed the reserve artillery, and made his dispositions for a determined stand against the advancing enemy. In the battle of Malvern Hill, July 1st, the Twelfth was held in reserve and not actively engaged, though being for hours under a heavy fire of artillery. In the latter part of the night succeeding the battle it marched with the division for Harrison's Landing, where it arrived in the forenoon of July 2d. This was the end of the series of battles known as the Seven Days' fight, in which the Twelfth lost seventy- three killed and wounded and thirty-six missing. On the evacuation of the position at Harrison's Landing the regiment moved to the Rappahannock, and fought under Gen. Pope in the second Bull Run battle, August 29th and 30th, losing forty-three killed and wounded. Crossing into Maryland, the Twelfth fought in the battle of South Mountain, losing twenty- five killed and wounded. The men fought here with the greatest gallantry and determination, forcing their way up the mountain-side in the face of the enemy, and bivouacked for the night on the summit. At Antietam, on the 16th and 17th of September, the regiment was again engaged, fighting with its accus tomed bravery, and sustaining a loss of sixty-one killed and wounded and three missing. In the great battle of Fredericksburg, on the 13th of December, the Twelfth suffered the severe loss of eighty-three killed and wounded and thirty-four taken prisoners. Its position was with its brigade on the extreme left, three miles below the town of Freder icksburg, where it crossed the . river on pontoons. On the 13th a fierce assault was made on the enemy's works and they were carried ; but no support was at hand, and the brigade was forced back, with the above-stated loss to the Twelfth. After the battle the regiment recrossed the river with the army, and reoccupied its previous camp. It took part in the dreary '' mud march" made in January, 1863, by the army under Gen. Burnside, and was soon after or dered to the defenses of Washington, and to rest and recruit its decimated ranks. From Washington Company I, of Huntingdon County, moved with the regiment in all its marches and participated with it in all the battles in which it was engaged to the close of the war, among which were the Gettysburg campaign, where it took an ac tive part in the struggle. It was engaged with the enemy at Broad Run, Va., Rappahannock Station, Oct. 14, 1863, New Hope Church, Nov. 26, 1863, battle of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania Court-House, Va., Gurnea Station, Jericho Ford, and Bethesda Church. The re-enlisted men and recruits of the Hunting don company were transferred to the One Hundred and Ninetieth Regiment, which was actively engaged until the close of the war. FORTY-FIRST REGIMENT. Company I. (Mustered out March 17, 1862, except where noted.) There is no muster-out roll of this company on file at adjutant-gen eral's office. Capt. James C. Baker, must, in Feb. 6, 1862; died July 7, 1862. Capt. Chill W. Hazzard, must, in J-.ily 30, 1861 ; pro. to capt. April 20, 1863 ; brevetted maj. March 13, 1865 ; must, out with company June 11,1864. First Lieut. Perry Etchison, res. July 18, 1862 ; must, in March 17, 1862. First Lieut. William H. Myers, must, in July 24, 1861; pro. from sergt.-maj. to 1st lieut. April 20, 1863 ; breveted capt. March 13, 1865 ; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Second Lieut. Samuel J. Cloyd, must, in March 17, 1862 ; disch. Jan. 7, 1863. Second Lieut. Frank D. Stephens, pro. from private to 1st sergt. April 24,1862; to 2d lieut. April 24,1863; prisoner at Gaines' Mill June 27, 1862 ; wounded at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862 ; trans, to Co. D, 190th Regt. P. V., June 1, 1864. First Sergt. Andrew J. Demming, captured at Weldon Railroad Aug. 19, 1864. First Sergt. William W. Woods, must, in Aug. 10, 1861; must, out with company June 11, 1864. Sergts. Thomas M. Kelly, David Long, John C. Rinker, R. Y. Askin, Seth Alexander (must, in April 5, 1862). 124 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Corps. Joseph Beers, "David Hancock, Elias B. Wilson, David W. Stevens, John B. CMlcoat, William II. Harris, William D. Hancock, Abraham D. Long, Henry C. Lyon (captured at Weldon Railroad Aug. 19, 1864 ; died a prisoner, date unknown), Charles H. Martin (captured at Weldon Railroad Aug. 19, 1864). Musicians, John Harvey, George W. Weight. Albert, Henry, must, in April 5, 1862. Allen, Robert J., must, in April 5, 1862. Barker, George S. Baker, Josiah. Butts, John F., must, in Aug. 10, 1861 ; must, out with company June 11,1864. Black, John, trans, to Co. D, 190th Regt. P. V., June 1, 1864 ; prisoner at Weldon Railroad Aug. 19, 1861 ; died, date unknown. Briggs, John A. Bypuss, Herman, must, in March 27, 1862. Carother, William H., trans, to Co. D, 190th Rest. P. V., June 1, 1864; prisoner at Weldon Railroad Aug. 19, 1864; died, date unknown. Cornelius, John. Copenhaven, William. Cloyd, Thomas, must, in April 5, 1862. Duffield, James R., must, out with company June 11, 1864. De Armitt, John C, trans, to Co. D, 190th Regt. P. V., June 1, 1864; prisoner at Weldon Railroad Aug. 19, 1864. Durboran, Isaac H., must, out with company June 11, 1864; must, in Aug. 10, 1861. Elliott, James A. Giles, James P., trans, to Co, D, 190th Regt. P. V., June 1, 1864 ; prisoner at Weldon Railroad Aug. 19, 1864. Gluch, John. Hancock, Aquilla. Flick, George W. Huntsman, James H. Hamman, Peter. Hancock, Jeremiah. Harvey, William. Hicks, Thomas J. Hudson, Augustus B., must, in April 5, 1862. Johns, John E. Knobb, James. Kelly, Alfred. Leerd, Adam. Kelly, Thomas S. Livinghouse, B. F., trans, to Co. D, 190th Regt. P. V., June 1, 1864; prisoner at Weldon Railroad Aug. 19, 1864; died, date unknown. Leerd, George. Locke, Jonathan, must, in March 29, 1862; trans, to Co. D, 190th Regt. P. V., June 1, 1864; prisoner at Weldon Railroad Aug. 19, 1864; died, date unknown. Locke, Daniel, must, in March 29, 1862. Livinghouse, J. C, must, in March 29, 1862 ; trans, to Co. D, 190th Begt. P. Y., June 1,1864; prisoner at Weldon Railroad Aug. 19, 1864; died, date unknown. Linch, Michael, must, in June 15, 1861 ; captured at Weldon Railroad. Madden, Oliver C. Myers, John J. Malone, William. Montgomery, Jacob. Martin, Benjamin R., must, in March 29, 1862. McMullen, John, must, in March 29, 1862. Neff, Porter, must, in June 15, 1861 ; must, out with company Jane 11, 1864. Need, George M., must, in March 29, 1862. Naugle, Isaac, must, in March 29, 1862. O'Neil, Henry, must, in March 29, 1862. Palmer, Lafayette, must, in March 14, 1862. Rutter, Alfred. Rutter, Elisha. Richart, William. Ramsey, Thomas, Jr. Ramsey, Robert. Roberts, David, trans, to Co. D, 190th Regt. P. V., June 1, 1864. Ramsey, Austin, must, in April 5, 1862. Smith, Jesse P. Shaffer, Henry. Shaffer, Edward H. Smith, Willis C. Snyder, Elias. Shaffer, George F. Speer, George W. Sneath, John S., must, in April 7, 1862. Speaker, James A., must, in March 29, 1862. Swartz, Daniel, must, in March 29, 1862. Thomas, Joseph, miiBt. in March 29, 1862 ; captured at Weldon Railroad Aug. 19, 1864; died a prisoner, date unknown. Taylor, George B., must, in April 5, 1862. Vaughn; Thomas W. "Wright, Henry C, trans, to Co. D, 190th Begt. P. V., June 1, 1864; pris oner at Weldon Railroad Aug. 19, 1864. Whitman, John A. Toung, Jacob A . Walls, William H. Toung, George. CHAPTER XX. MILITARY— WAR OF THE REBELLION.— (Continued.) The Forty-ninth and Fifty-third Regiments.- In the organization of this regiment there were in cluded two companies from Huntingdon County, viz., C company, Capt. John B. Miles (afterwards pro moted to major and to lieutenant-colonel, and killed at Spottsylvania May 10, 1864), and D company, Capt. James D. Campbell. The other companies of the regiment were recruited in Chester, Centre, Mifflin, and Juniata Counties. The rendezvous of the Forty- ninth was at Camp Curtin, where it was organized in September, 1861, under the following-named field- officers : Colonel, William H. Irwin ; Lieutenant- Colonel, William Brisbane ; Major, Thomas M. Hil lings. The regiment left Harrisburg on the 22d of September and proceeded to Washington, D. C, where it was assigned to Brig.-Gen. W. S. Hancock's (First) brigade of Gen. " Baldy" Smith's division of the Fourth Corps, commanded by Maj. -Gen. Erasmus D. Keyes. After being assigned, the regiment was en camped with its brigade at Lewinsville, Va., where and in which vicinity it was employed in camp and picket duty till March 10, 1862, when it moved for ward with the army toward Manassas, and thence (when that place was found to have been evacuated by the enemy) back to Alexandria, Va., where, on the 24th of March, it embarked and proceeded to Newport News, where it arrived on the 26th. On the 4th of April it moved with the Army of the Potomac up the Peninsula, and on the 5th arrived in front of the enemy's position on the line extending from York- toWn to the James River. It held its position along the left bank of the Warwick River until Sunday, May 4th, when it moved forward with the other troops of the army in pursuit of the enemy, who had evacuated his Yorktown line and was retreating towards Richmond. The Confederate forces were overtaken that night, they being in a strong position near the town of Williamsburg, where a heavy battle was fought on the following day, the fight being opened by Hooker's division at daylight, ih the midst of a drenching rain, which continued through the day. Hancock's brigade occupied the right, the Forty-ninth being on the left centre, with the Sixth Maine on its right, and the Forty-third New York on its left. It was ordered into the fight at about eleven o'clock A.M., and moved forward unflinchingly, en countering the Confederate brigade of Gen. Jubal Early. At the first shock Hancock's men recoiled and retired a short distance, then rallied, charged, and drove the enemy back in disorder and with heavy loss, including about three hundred prisoners' taken by the brigade of Hancock. Many of the prisoners were of the Fifth North Carolina Regiment, which confronted the Forty-ninth Pennsylvania, which fought with unexcelled bravery, and, with the other WAR OF THE REBELLION. 125 • -regiments of Hancock's command, was highly com mended by Gen. McClellan for gallant conduct in this engagement. During the night succeeding the battle the enemy retreated from his strong line at Williamsburg, and two days later the Army of the Potomac moved for ward in pursuit. The Forty-ninth advanced by way of Old Church and Cold Harbor to the Chickahominy in the vicinity of New Bridge. It remained on the north side of the Chickahominy until the 5th of June, when it crossed that stream by the " Grape vine" bridge, and moved to Garrett's Hill. On the 26th it stood in line of battle to take part in the ex pected movement on Richmond, led by Hooker's division. On the 26th was fought the battle of Me chanicsville by the Pennsylvania Reserves on the extreme right, the Forty-ninth taking no part, being on the opposite side of the Chickahominy. During the day of the battle of Gaines' Mill (June 27th) the regiment was in line waiting orders, and towards evening was briskly attacked by a Confederate force from Richmond under Gen. Magruder, but sustained i little loss. In the night of the 27th it moved to , Golding's farm, and on the following day became warmly engaged at Peach Orchard with a force of the enemy under Gen. Robert Toombs. The loss of the regiment in the actions of the 27th and 28th was : thirty-three killed and wounded. On the 29th it re- i pulsed the enemy handsomely in a minor action at . Savage Station, on the York River Railroad, and on , the same night took up its line of march for James River, which it reached (at Harrison's Landing) on the 2d of July, not having taken active part in the battle of Charles City Cross-Roads, on the 30th of June, nor in that of Malvern Hill, July 1st. At Harrison's Landing the regiment (which suffered there very severely from sickness) remained until the 16th of August, when it marched thence down the . Peninsula by way of Williamsburg to Fortress Mon roe, where it was embarked on the 23d and proceeded up the Chesapeake and the Potomac River to Alexan dria. On the 27th it marched from Fairfax Seminary with Franklin's corps to the relief of Gen. Pope, who was then hard pressed by the enemy south of Manassas. It reached Centreville, but did not go beyond that point, and consequently was not present at the second Bull Run battle. On the night of August 31st it marched from Centreville back to its previous camp at Fairfax Seminary. On the invasion of Maryland by Gen. Lee, it moved from Fairfax (September 5th), crossed the Potomac, and took part in the engagement at Crampton's Gap on the 14th. On the 17th (the day of the great battle of Antietam) the regiment marched from Pleasant Valley, Md., to the scene of action, reached the field, and formed line of battle, but was not ordered into the fight, though it lost several men by the fire of the enemy's artillery. On the 19th the regiment moved from Antietam to the Potomac, which it crossed a few days later, and advanced by successive marches to Warrenton, to Stafford Court-House, to Belle Plain, and to Fal mouth, on the Rappahannock, opposite Fredericks burg. In the great battle at that place on the 13th of December, it crossed the Rappahannock with Franklin's grand division on the extreme left, and was posted in support of batteries, but was not en gaged against the enemy's infantry. On the 16th it recrossed the river, and soon after went into winter- quarters. On the 9th of January the regiment was consolidated into four companies, and Maj. Miles and other supernumerary officers were ordered on recruit ing service, by which means the regiment was nearly filled during the winter. In the reorganization of the Army of the Potomac after Gen. Hooker assumed command of it, the Forty- ninth was assigned to Sedgwick's (Sixth) corps, First Division, Third Brigade, commanded by Gen. Russell. Marching on the campaign of Chancellorsville, the regiment crossed the Rappahannock on the 29th of April, placing the pontoons in position for the passage of Sedgwick's corps, and losing several men in per forming that service. From the south bank of the river it moved with its division to the heights in the rear of Fredericksburg, where the enemy was found strongly fortified. The regiment remained in front of these works until the 30th, when it moved to the river and remained till May 3d, when it again moved forward and lay under a heavy artillery fire for several hours. On the same day it moved through the town, and became sharply engaged in skirmishing near Salem Church. Again on the 4th it was engaged in skirmishing until nightfall, when it sustained a fierce attack by the enemy until forced to retire towards the river. On the 5th it recrossed the river at Banks' Ford, and returned to its old camp-ground at White Oak Church, having experienced but light Iqss in the campaign of Chancellorsville. Moving northward on the campaign of Gettysburg, the men suffered ter ribly, marching day after day in excessively hot weather and through clouds of dust raised by the myriad feet and hoofs and wheels of the advancing column. The regiment crossed the Potomac at Ed wards Ferry, and advanced to Westminster, Md., whence it marched towards Gettysburg. It arrived on the field at about 2 o'clock p.m. on the 2d of July, and was placed in position in support of the Fifth Corps. On the morning of the 3d it was placed on the extreme left, but, with its corps, was changed dur ing the day to the right of Round Top, where it stood in line ready to enter the fight, but was not ordered in, suffering only a slight loss from the artillery fire. After the battle it moved (July 5th) in pursuit of the enemy, but did not become engaged except in a skirmish on the 12th. Crossing the Potomac into Virginia, the Forty-ninth was employed in various movements and marches during the succeeding summer and fall. In the morning of November 7th, it marched with its corps 126 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. from Warrenton to a point near Rappahannock Sta tion, where the enemy was found strongly intrenched near the river. Late in the day the position was at tacked by Russell's brigade (including the Forty-ninth Regiment), and just as the twilight fell the work was carried at the point of the bayonet. The effective force of the charging brigade was but about thirteen hundred men, while the works were well supplied with artillery, and held by fully sixteen hundred Confederates, who were taken prisoners, including one hundred and twenty-eight commissioned officers, of whom two were commanders of brigades ; and among the material captured were four pieces of artil lery with caissons and a large quantity of ammunition, eight battle-flags, and nineteen hundred stand of small-arms. For the carrying of the intrenched line with the bayonet, and the seizing of the enemy's pon toon-bridge, the Forty-ninth and other regiments of the assaulting column were warmly complimented in general orders by Gen. Sedgwick, who said they de served " especial honor" for their steadiness and gal lantry. The loss of the Forty-ninth in this engage ment was thirty killed and wounded. Afterwards, in the affair at Mine Run, the Forty-ninth lay for some hours under artillery fire, but was not engaged, and, retiring with the other troops, went into winter-quar ters at Hazel Bun, where about two hundred and sixty men re-enlisted for the war, and where, during the winter, the regiment received large accessions of re cruits and drafted men from Pennsylvania. On the 23d of April following Maj. Miles was promoted to the grade of lieutenant-colonel. In the spring campaign of 1864 the regiment marched with its division, crossed the Bapidan at Ger- mania Ford on the 4th of May, and on the following day was engaged in the first of the battles in the Wil derness, losing thirty-four killed and wounded, but re pulsing the enemy and holding the field. In the early morning of the 6th the battle was reopened and kept up during the day, the heaviest fighting being in front of the Forty-ninth and its division. During the night it moved to the left, and was engaged in heavy skir mishing through the following day. Still moving by the left, it arrived before noon of the 8th at Laurel Hill, where a brisk action ensued. On the 9th Gen. Sedgwick, the corps commander, was killed, while selecting a position on the left. He was succeeded in the command by Gen. H. G. Wright. Gen. Russell, of the brigade, now took command of the division, and was succeeded as brigade commander by Gen. Eustis. On the 10th the regiment was continually under fire, and late in the day charged with the di- vison, carrying the enemy's works in its front, aud taking several pieces of artillery and more than eight hundred prisoners, but afterwards being compelled to abandon the position and the captures, retiring before a heavy reinforcement. In the charge and subsequent retreat across open ground swept by artillery and musketry, the regiment lost sixty-five killed (among whom was Lieut.-Col. Miles) and two hundred' wounded and missing. Among the Wounded were Lieut. B. H. Downing, of D company, and Lieut. Hilands, adjutant of the regiment. The dead and many of the wounded were necessarily left in the hands of the enemy, and the bodies of Col. Hillings and Lieut.-Col. Miles were not recovered. On the 12th of May the regiment was again en gaged near Spottsylvania Court-House, charging with other troops on that part of the Confederate works known as the " Bloody Angle." The fight raged all day, and the slaughter was terrible, but the works were carried and occupied by the Union forces on the following day. Up to this time, in the nine days which had elapsed since the regiment crossed the Rapidan, its losses had been three hundred and ninety- one killed, wounded, and missing, reducing its num bers to about one hundred and thirty-five effective men, with which it entered the engagement of June 1st at Cold Harbor, where it fought for two days; then, with the other troops, left the position, marched to and crossed the James River, and moved to the front of Petersburg, where it remained posted at sev eral different points in the lines encircling the be leaguered city till the 11th of July, when, with the other commands of the Sixth Corps, it was embarked and transported to Washington City, where it arrived on the 12th, and was at once marched out to meet the Confederate column, which, having entered Maryland across the Upper Potomac, was moving under com mand of Gen. Early to the assault of the works around the national capital by way of Monocacy. The in vading force made a precipitate retreat before the ad vance of the grim and battle-scarred Sixth Corps, which kept up the pursuit until it had crossed the Potomac and reached Berryville, Va. It then re turned to the vicinity of Washington, when it was soon learned that Early had commenced vigorous hostilities in the Shenandoah Valley against the forces of Gen. Philip H. Sheridan. The Sixth Corps then marched rapidly to Harper's Ferry, where it crossed the Potomac, and, advancing up the valley, joined Gen. Sheridan's Army of the Shenandoah. At Winchester, on the 19th of September, the Forty- ninth took part in the battle by which the enemy's forces were routed and sent " whirling up the valley." In that action the regiment lost forty-nine killed and wounded. "In the heat of the engagement," says Bates, " a shell burst near the top of the color-staff, scattering to the winds the few remaining shreds of the flag." A new State flag was presented to the regiment on the 26th of October. After the battle at Winchester the Forty-ninth with its brigade remained in the town, guarding prisoners and on other duty, until the 29th of October, when the brigade rejoined the division and corps at Cedar Creek. In November, after the army of Gen. Sher idan had expelled the Confederate army from the valley, the Sixth Corps was ordered back to the WAR OF THE REBELLION. 127 army in front of Petersburg, and arrived there on the 5th of December, immediately after which time the Forty-ninth went into winter-quarters on the Weldon Railroad. On the opening of the final campaign of the war in the spring of 1865, the regiment moved on the night of April 1st, and on the morning of the 2d took part in the grand assault which broke the Con federate line and caused the evacuation of Peters burg, the enemy retreating during the succeeding night towards Danville. The Sixth Corps pursued and overtook and fought the flying Confederates at Sailor's Creek, routed them, and took seven thousand prisoners, including three general officers. The Forty- ninth lost in that action but slightly, — seven killed and wounded. From this field the regiment marched, in charge of prisoners, to Appomattox Court-House, where it arrived on the day of the great surrender (April 9th). After that decisive event it moved to Danville, Va., reaching there on the 27th, and re maining until the 23d of May. The surrender of the Confederate army under Gen. Johnston in North Car olina had ended the war, and the Forty-ninth then turned homeward, and marching through Richmond arrived on the 2d of June at the Washington defenses, where it remained until the 15th, when its history was closed by muster out of the service. The list of officers and enlisted men of the Hunt ingdon County companies in the Forty-ninth is as follows : FORTY-NINTH REGIMENT. Company C. Capt. John B. Miles, must, in Aug. 5, 1861 ; pro. to maj. Oct. 16, 1862. Capt. J; R. Eckebarger, must, in Oct. 2, 1861 ; pro. to 1st lieut. Oct. 16, 1861 ; disch. Nov. 19, 1863. Capt. A. Boyd Hutchinson, must, in Aug. 31,1861; trans, to Co. G, date unknown. Capt. James C Smith, must, in Aug. 31, 1861 ; pro. from l6t sergt. to 2d lieut. Oct. 26, 1862 ; trans, from Co. G June 11, 1863 ; pro. to 1st lieut. Feb. 25, 1 864; to brevet capt. Aug. 1,1864; to capt. June 3,1865; must, out with company July 15, 1865. First Lieut. F. W. Wombacher, must, in Sept. 10, 1861 ; pro. to capt. Co. E March 16, 1864. Second Lieut. A. G. Dickey, must, in Aug. 31, 1861 ; res. Oct. 27, 1862. Second Lieut. Christian Bale, must, in Dec. 31, 1861 ; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863; pro. to 2d lieut. March 4, 1864; com. capt. Co. F Juno 27, 1865 ; not mustered ; mustered out with company June 15, 1865; vet.. First Sergeant John Miller, must, in Aug. 31,1861; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863 ; pro. from corp. to sergt. Sept. 19, 1864 ; to 1st sergt. April 6, 1866 ; com. 1st lieut. July 14, 1864 ; notmustored ; mustered out with company July 15, 1865 ; vet. First Sergt. Jeremiah C Brown, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out Oct. 28, 1864. expiration of term. First Sergt. Oalvin Cain, must, in Aug. 31, 1861 ; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863 ; pro. to 1st sergt. Oct. 23, 1864; killed at Petersburg, Va., April 6, 1865 ; vet. First Sergt. GeorgeS. Ketner, must, in Aug. 31, 1861 ; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863 ; pro. to 1st sergt. March 4, 1864 ; killed at Winches ter, Va., Sept. 19, 1864 ; vet. Sergt. Henry Entriken, must, in Oct. 10, 1861 ; pro. from corp. to sergt. Sept. 1 , 1862 ; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out with com pany July 15, 1865 ; vet. Sergt. James F. Moore, must, in Sept. 9, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Sept. 10, 1862 ; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11, 1863 ; pro. to sergt. Oct. 24, 1864 ; com. 2d lieut. July 14, 1865 ; not mustered ; must, out with company July 15, 1866; vet. Sergt. Samuel D. Osborne, must, in Sept. 3, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Sept. 1, 1862; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11, 1863; pro. to sergt. April 6, 1865; must, out with company July 15, 1865 ; vet. Sergt. Harvey Moore, must, in Sept. 12, 1861 ; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11, 1863; pro. to sergt. Oct. 31, 1864; absent, siclc, at must, out; vet. Sergt. Robert B. Smith, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; trans, from Co. D Jan. 11, 1863; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Sergt. Samuel Stewart, must, in Aug. 15, 1861; disch. on surg. certif, Sept. 17, 1861. Corp. Eugene Jeffries, must, in Sept. 9, 1861 ; trans, from Oo. F Jan. 11, 1863 ; pro. to corp. March 4, 1864; must, out with company July 15, 1865; vet. Corp. John T. Hall, must, in Sept. 12, 1861 ; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11, 1863 ; pro. to corp. Oct. 24, 1864 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865; vet. Corp. H. W. Marshall, must, in Sept. 3, 1861; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11, 1863 ; pro. to corp. Oct. 24, 1864 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865; vet. Corp. Merritt D. Stalbird, must, in Sept. 9, 1861 ; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11, 1863 ; pro. to corp. July 1, 1865 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865 ; vet. Corp. Enos S. McCafferty, must, in Sept. 4, 1861 ; trans, from Co.FJan. 11,1863; pro. to corp. Nov. 1,1864; must, out with company July 15, 1866 ; vet. Corp. John M. Duey, must, in Aug. 31, 1861 ; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863 ; pro. to corp. Sept. 19, 1864; killed at Petersburg April 6, 1865 ; vet. Corp. Moses Chriswell, must, in Sept. 12, 1861 ; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11, 1863; died Feb. 16, 1864, of wounds received in action; buried in Military Asylum Cemetery, D. C. Corp Griffith Lytle, must, in Aug. 31, 1861 ; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Corp. William H. Musser, must. In Aug. 31, 1861 ; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Corp. James A. Patton, must, in Aug. 31, 1861 ; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out Oct. 23, 1863, expiration of term. Ammerman, Joseph, must, in Aug. 31,1861; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865 ; vet. Armpruster, G , must, in Aug. 31, 1861 ; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865; vet. Arney, Edward, must, in Nov; 2, 1864 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865. Ambrose, James, must, in Jan. 16, 1862; trans, from Co. D Jan. 11, 1863; killed at Petersburg, Va , April 6, 1866 ; vet. Alters, William, must, in Aug. 31,1861; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Albright, John, must, in Aug. 31, 1861; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Albright, Israel, must, in Aug. 31,1861 ; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Beufer, Luther, must, iu Aug. 31, 1861; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11,1863; killed at Cold Harbor June 1, 1864. Butler, David R„ niu-st. in Sept. 3, 1861 ; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11, 1863 ; died of wounds received at Cold Harbor June 1, 1865 ; vet. Barnes, Robert P., must, in Sept. 12, 1861; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11, 1863. Beck, Edward J., muBt. in March 18, 1862 ; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863; must, out March 11, 1865, expiration of term. Beck, Jeremiah 0, must, in Feb. 28, 1862; trans, from Co. D Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out Feb. 27, 1865, expiration of term. Berkhimer, J. E., must, in Aug. 31,1861 ; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11,1863 ; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Benner, John D., must, in Jan. 31, 1862; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863; must, out Jan. 30, 1865, expiration of term. Barnacle, William, must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; trans, from Co. D Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Brozer, William R., must, in Aug. 31, 1861 ; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863 ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 6, 1863. Baumgardner, A., must, in Sept. 7, 1861 ; trans, from Co. D Jan. 11, 1863 ; disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 13, 1863. Bruman, William, must, in Aug. 31, 1861; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863 ; disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 17, 1863. Carter, James, must, in Feb. 9, 1864 ; must, out July 15, 1865. Campbell, Joseph, must, in March 12, 1862 ; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863; must, out with company July 15, 1865; vet. Carroll, John, must, in Sept. 9, 1861; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865; vet. 128 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Corbin, William, must, in Aug. 31, 1861 ; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863 ; captured ; died at Andersonville, Ga., Aug. 20, 1864, grave 6237. Coon, John J., must, in Sept. 9, 1861 ; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863 ; captured ; died at Andersonville, Ga., Oct. 22, 1864. Caterson, Robert A., must, in Sept. 25, 1861 ; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11, 1863 ; disch. on surg. certif. Jan 6, 1864. Campbell, David S., must, in Aug. 31, 1861 ; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863 ; disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 10, 1863. Crosthwaite, J. T., must, in Aug. 31, 1861 ; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11 , 1863 ; wounded at Cold Harbor June 1, 1864; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expi ration of term. Cromer, George W., must, in Aug. 31, 1861 ; trans, from Co. D Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Couch, Robert A., must, in Aug. 31, 1861 ; trans, from Co. D Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Couts, Christian, must, in Sept. 17, 1861 ; trans, from Co. D Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Colyer, William, must, in Sept. 20, 1861 ; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Coder, Jacob C, must, in Aug. 31, 1861 ; trans, from Co. D Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Clark, Alfred, must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. March 23, 1865. Clarkson, Benjamin F., must, in Aug. 30, 1861 ; trans, from Co. D Jan. 11, 1863; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps Sept. 21, 1863. Coonroy, Nicholas, must, in Aug. 15, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. April 21, 1862. Dunkle, John N., must, in March 12, 1862 ; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865 ; vet. Debler, Paul, must, in Sept. 9, 1861 ; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865; vet. Dougan, James, must, in Jan. 31, 1862 ; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863 ; died Dec. 3, 1862 ; buried at Alexandria, Va., grave 659. Duttenhoffi'r, J., must, in Nov. 18, 1861 ; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out Nov. 17, 1864, expiration of term. Dolby, Thomas 0., must, in Sept. 6, 1861; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11, 1863 : must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Dixon, Samuel S., must, in Aug. 30,1861 ; trans, from Co. D Jan. 11,1863; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Dixon, George W., must, in Aug. 30, 1861; trans, from Co. D Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. David, John M., must, in Aug. 30, 1861; trans, from Co. D Jan. 11,1863; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Davidson, Miles, must, in Aug. 15, 1861; disch. on Burg, certif. June 16, 1862. Deal, Edmund, must, in Aug. 15, 1861 ; killed June 27, 1862. Eby, Daniel, must, in June 18, 1864, substitute ; must, out with com pany July 15, 1865. Eckenroth, Charles, must, in March 15, 1862; trans, from Co. G. Jan. 11, 1863 ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 6, 1863. Evens, Machia, must, in Aug. 15, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. April 21, 1862. Foster, Henry, must, in Aug. 31, 1861 ; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863. Franks, John, must, in Aug. 15, 1861; died Jan. 16, 1862. Fitzjerald, Renison, must, in Aug. 15, 1861; .killed June 28, 1862. Green, Benson M., must, in Sept. 17, 1861 ; trans, from Co. D Jan. 11, 1863 ; abBent on detached service at must. out. Gilchrist, Samuel A., must, iu Sept. 28, 1861 ; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11, 1863 ; killed at Cold Harbor Juno 1, 1864 ; vet. GriffiB, John, must, in Sept. 9, 1861; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11, 1863; killed at Petersburg, Va., April 6, 1865 ; vet. Gray, Jonathan V., must, in Sept. 1, 1861 ; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11, '63. Gilbert, James, must, in Aug. 31, 1861 ; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Grissinger, Israel, must, in Feb. 8, 1864; disch. by G. O. May 20, 1865. Hobson, Charles, must, in Sept. 12, 1861; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865; vet. Hall, Robert J., must, iu Sept. 9, 1861 ; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11, 1863; must, out with company July 15, 1865 ; vet. Harlan, Girtter, must, iu Sept. 1, 1861; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11, 1863; died June 20, 1864 ; buried in National Cemetery, Arlington. Henderson, James H., must, in Aug. 31, 1861; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863. Hess, Joseph C.,must. in Aug. 31, 1861; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Harper, John L., must, in Aug. 31, 1861; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Hoy, John H., must, in Aug. 31, 1861 ; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11 igfu. disch. on surg. certif. July 27, 1864 ; vet. Henderson, James F., must, in Aug. 31, 1861 ; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11 1864 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps Sept. 30, 1863. Hodgson, Francis M., must- in Oct. 10, 1861 ; trans, from Co. F Jan. u 1863; trans, to Signal Corps Aug. 12, 1863. inlands, Roland, must, in Aug. 15, 1861 ; disch. on Burg, certif. Dec 16 1861. ' ' Huston, Benjamin, must, in Aug. 15, 1861; disch. on surg. certif. Dec 23, 1861. Jackson, Robert S., must, in Sept. 12, 1861 ; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11 1863 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865 ; vet. Eeene, Joseph L., must, in Sept. 9, 1861; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11, 1863- absent, sick, at must, out; vet. Knarr, Levi T., must, in Aug. 31, 1861 ; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11 1863 ¦ disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 20, 1863. Knight, George H., must, in Sept. 8, 1861; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11 1863; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. K.iup, William H., must, in Aug. 31, 1861; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11 1863; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Levengood, Effinger, must, in Sept. 6, 1861 ; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11 1863. Leech, Alexander, must, in Feb. 9, 1864. Lichty, William, must, in Aug. 31, 1861; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11,1863; must, out Oct. 23,. 1864, expiration of term. Lawner, Henry E., must, in Aug. 81, 1861 ; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11 1863: must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Lowry, Joseph, must, in Aug. 31, 1861 ; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863' must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Lanver, Charles R., must, in Aug. 31. 1861 ; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863 ; disch. ou surg. certif. Jan. 31, 1863. Miller, Joseph, must, in Sept. 3, 1861 ; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11, 1863; absent, sick, at must. out. Moody, Edward, must, in Sept. 12, 1861; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11,1863; died at Washington, D. C, Feb. 6, 1863. Masterson, William, must, in Sept. 9, 1861; tranB. from Co. F Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Mayes, Thomas C, must, in Aug. 31, 1861 ; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Moon, Jesse H., must, in Sept. 12, 1861; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11, 1863; muBt. out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Millard, Charles F., must, in Sept. 9, 1861 ; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11, '63, McCoole, Jacob, must, in Aug. 31, 1861 ; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865 ; vet. McQuillen, John, must, in Aug. 15, 1861 ; killed in action June 28, 1862. Naylor, William T., must, in Sept. 9, 1861 ; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11, 1863 ; died at Brandy Station, Va., Dec. 15, 1865 ; buried at Cnlpeper .Court-House, Va.; block 1, section A, row 8, grave 259. Orth, Adam, must, in Nov. 21, 1863 ; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863 ; muit. out with company July 15, 1865 ; vet. O'Neal, James, must, in Sept. 12, 1861 ; trans, from Co. F Jan. 10, 1863; disch. on surg. certif. April 17, 1863. Preston, Joseph J., must, in Sept. 10, 1861 ; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Pedrick, Lyman, must, in Sept. 9, 1861 ; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11, 1863; disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 2, 1864. • Smith, Jacob, must, in Aug. 31,1861; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865 ; vet. Smith, George C, must, in Feb. 8, 1864; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11,1863; must, out with company July 15, 1865. Sturtzman, James, must, in Jan. 25, 1862 ; trans, from Co. D Jan. 11, 1863 ; mnst. out Jan. 25, 1865, expiration of term. Secor, Orren D., must, in Sept. 10, 1861 ; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11, 1863; must, out Nov. 29, 1861, expiration of term. Smiley, John, must, in Sept. 12, 1861; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11,1863; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Spear, Andrew J., must, in Sept. 11, 1861 ; trans, from Co F Jan. 11, 1863; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Shorthill, James, must, in Aug. 31, 1861 ; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 6, 1863. Shaffner, Henry H., must, in Aug. 15, 1861 ; pro. to hospital steward. Toot, Thomas, must, in Aug. 31, 1861 ; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863; must, out with company July 15, 1865; vet. Thompson, George W., must, in Aug. 31,1861; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863 ; must out with company July 15, 1865 ; vet. Turner, Andrew, must, in Sept. 12, 1861; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11, 1863; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. WAR OF THE REBELLION. 129 Taylor, William H., must, in Aug. 31, 1861 ; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, . 1863 ; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, .expiration of term. Walker, Calvin T., must, in Feb. 8, 1864; must, out with company July 15,1865. Wolfe, Franklin C, must, in Aug. 31,1861; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863 ; absent, sick, at must, out ; vet. Whitecraft, George S., must.;in Sept. 12, 1861 ; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11, 1863; must. out. Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Wagner, Benjamin F., must, in Aug. 31, 1861 ; trans, from Co.G Jan. 11, 1863; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Working, Samuel, must, in Aug. 31, 1861; trans, from Co. G Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out Oct 23, 1S64, expiration of term. Whipple, John, must, in Aug. 15, 1861 ; disch. ou surg. certif. June 19, 1862. Yeager, Spencer G., must, in Sept. a, 1861 ; trans, from .Co, F Jan. 11, 1863; must, out with company July 15, 1865 ; vet. Yeager, David S., must, in Sept. S, 1861 ; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out with compauy July 15, 1865; vet. Yeager, Andrew J,, must, in Aug. 31, 1861; trans, from Co. G- Jan. 11, 1863. Young, Israel, must, in March 28,1862; trans. from Co. G June 11, 1863; must, out March 28, 1865, expiration of term. Company D. Capt. James D. Campbell, must, in Aug. 10^1861 ; resigned Jan. 18, 1863. Capt. James A. Quigley, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863; wounded May 12, 1864; must, out Oct. 28, 1864, expiration of term. Capt. John W. Russel, must, in Aug. 15, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Nov. 1, 1861, to sergt. May 20, 1862, to 1st sergt., and trans, from Co.. B Jan. 11, 1863 ; pro. to 2d lieut. March 16, 1864, to capt. Nov. 30, 1864 ; must. out with company July 17, 1865 ; vet. First Lieut. John H. Westbrook, muBt. in Aug. 30, 1861; disch. Nov. 19, 1863. First Lieut. William Sherwood, must, in Aug. 6, 1861; pro. from corp. to sergt. Nov. 25, 1861, to 1st sergt. Jan. 8, 1862, to 1st lieut. Aug. 5, 1862; trans, from Co.E Jan. il, 1863; pro. to capt. Co. F March 16,1864. First Lieut. Campbell Tucker, must, in Oct. 26, 1861 ; pro, to aide-de camp on staff of Gen. William F. Smith Dec. 16, 1863 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865. Second Lieut. Frank Y. McDonald, must, in Aug. 30, 1861; disch. Nov. 19, 1863. Second Lieut. Benjamin H. Downing, must, in Aug. 15,1861; trans, from Co. B Jan. 11, 1863; trans, to Co. E March 16, 1864. First Sergt. Davis H. Law, must, in Aug. 15, 1861 ; trans, from Co. B Jan. 11, 1863; pro. from corp. to sergt. Jan. 17, 1864, to 1st sergt. April 7, 1865 ; com. 2d lieut. July 14, 1865 ; must, out with company July 17, 1865; vet. First Sergt. Stephen Transen, must, in Aug. 21, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Nov. 10, 1861, to sergt. May 20, 1862 ; trans, from Co. E Jan. 11, 1863 ; pro. to 1st sergt. March 16, 1864, to sergt-maj, April 7, 1865 ; vet. Sergt. William Sollars, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, from Go. A Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865 ; vet. Sergt. Theodore B. Reeder, muBt. in Aug. 17, 1860 ; trans, from Co. C Jan. 11, 1863 ; pro. to sergt. March 16, 1864 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865 ; vet. Sergt. Charles D. Train, must, in Sept. 1, 1861 ; trans, from. Co. E Jan. 11,1863; pro. to corp. May 12, 1864; pro. to sergt. Nov. 30,1864; must, out with company July 15, 1865 ; vet. Sergt. Daniel S. Daler, must, in Aug. 15,,1861 ; trans, from Co. B Jan. 11, 1863; pro. to corp. Nov. 15, 1864, to sergt. April 7,1865; must, out with company J.uly 15, 1865 ; vet. Sergt. Daniel S. Swyers, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; pro. from corp. to sergt. Aug. 29, 1862; from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863; killed at Spottsylvania Court-House May 10, 1864 ; vet. Sergt. Frank A. Brown, must, in Aug. 15, 1861 ; trans, from Co. B Jan. 11, 1863; died June 17, 1864, at Wilmington, Del., of wounds re ceived at Spottsylvania Court-HouBe May 10, 1864 ; vet. Sergt. Thomas G. Hutchinson, must, in Aug. 21, 1861; pro. to corp. March 14, 1862 ; trans, from Co. E Jan. 11, 1863 ; pro. to sergt. Sept. 10, 1864 ; must, out Sept. 25, 1864, at expiration of term. Sergt. James Hill, must, in Aug. 19, 1861; pro. to corp. Nov. 6, 1862; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863 ; pro. to sergt. May 12, 1864 ; muBt» out Sept. 10, 1864, at expiration of term. Corp. W. H. Ammerman, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, from Co. A Jan, 9 11, 1863 ; pro. to corp. June 17, 1864 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865; vet., Corp. Uriah Kitchen, must, in March 24, 1864 ; pro. to cprp. Sept. 10, 1864; must, out with company July 15, 1865. Corp. J. 0. Montgomery, must, in Aug. 15, 1861; trans, from Co. B Jan. 11, 1863; pro. to corp. Nov. 23, 1864; must, out with company July 15, 1865 ; vet. Corp. Oliver P. Wilson, must, in Sept. 1, 1861 ; trans, from Co. B Jan. 11, 1863 ; pro. to corp. March 1, 1865 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865 ; vet. Corp. Solomon Martin, must, in Sept. 7, 1861 ; trans, from Co. E Jan. 11, 1863 ; pro. to corp. April 7, 1865; must, .out with company July 15, 1865. ; vet. , Corp. John E. Bra,tt, must, in March 8, 1864 ; pro. to eergt. June 5, 1865 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865. Corp. Jqhn A, Jackson, must, in Feb. 6, 1863 ; absent, sick, at muster out. Corp. William A. Johnson^ must in Aug, 19, 1861,; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863; killed at Spottsylvania Court-House May 10, 1864; vet. Corp. Jacob Shriver, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, from Co. A and pro. to corp. Jan. 11, 1863; died June 17, 1864, of wounds received at Spottsylvania Court-House May 10, 1864; buried, in National Cem etery, Arlington, Va. ; vet. Corp. Joseph B. Brown, must, in Aug, 15, 1861; trans, from Co. B Jan. 11, 1863 ; disch. on surg. certjf. Feb. 16, 1863. Corp. James C. La.ngton, must, in Sept. 12, 1861 ; trans, from Co. E Jan. 11, 1863 ; disch. Oct 24, 1864,. expiration of term, Arhogast, John, must in Aug. 20, 1861 ; trans, from Co. E Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Brobb, Isaac, must, in Feb. 8, 1864; substitute; must out with company July 15, 1865. Brown, George W., must, in June 10, 1864; substitute ; must, out with company July 15, 1865. Bro,wn, Andrew C, must, in Sept. 7, 1861 ; trans, from Co, E Jan.' 11 , 1863; died June 15, 1864, of wounds received at Spottsylvania May 10, 1864 ; vet. Boyd, Aaron B., must, in Aug. 15, 1861 ; trans, from Co. B Jan. 11, 1863; must out Sept, 10, 1864, expiration of term. Brewer, Andrew J., must, in June 1, 1864; disch. by S. 0, Dec. 25, 1865. Bathurst, Andrew G., must: in Sept. 1, 1861 ; trans, from Co. F Jan. 11, 1863; disch. by G. 0. Jan. 15, 1865; vet Cronen, Patrick, must, in March 8, 1865 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865. Coughlin, Michael, must in Jan. 27% 1862 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865 ; vet. Colpeltzer, William, must, in Feb. 8, 1864 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865. Conklin, John, must, in Aug. 15, 1861;. trans, from Co,. E Jan. 11, 1863; ; pUsch. on surg. certif. Dec. 3, 1864. Climpson, Milton,. must, in Aug, 1, 1861 ; trans, from Co. E Jan. 11, 1863 ; disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 22, 1863. Camp, Essex P., must, in Aug. 28, 1862 ; trans, from Co. B Jan. 11, 1863 ; disch. by S. 0. May 12, 1863. Cadee, Erastus, must in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863 ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb, 6, 1863. Corkle, Jackson J., must in Aug. 28, 1861 ; trans, from Co. E Jan, 11, 1863 ; disch. by G. 0. June 17, 1865, » Cook, George M., must, in June 3, 1864; disch. by G.O., June 29, 1865. Cade, Charles H., must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863 ; disch. Sept. 10j 1864, expiration of term. Daller, Benjamin, must, in Feb. 4, 1864 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865. Davis, William I., must, in Aug. 15, 1861; must, out with company July 15, 1865 ; vet. Downing, William H., must, in Jan. 20, 1862; trans, from Co. B Jan. 11, 1863 ; killed at Spottsylvania May 10, 1864. Debase, Curtis, must, in May 3, 1864; disch. by G. 0. June 22, 1864. Eberhart, Solomon, must in Dec. 8, 1864 ; must out with company July 15, 1865. Elder, Thomas J., must, in June 1, 1864; must out with company July 15, 1865. Eckley, Joseph, must, in Aug. 19, 18G1 ; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out Sept, 15, 1864, expiration of term. Fravel, Samuel F., must in Aug. 14, 1861; trans, from Co. E Jn 1863 ; disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 29, 1863. Frain, Samuel T., must, iu Aug. 19, 1861; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out Sept. l'0, 1864, expiration of term. 130 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Fisher, John, must, in June 3, 1861 ; diBch. by G. 0. June 15, 1865. Crier, William, must, in March 8, 1865; must, out with company July 15, 1865. Gladfelter, William A., must, in Aug. 21, 1861 ; trans from Co. E Jan. 11, 1863; killed at Spottsylvania May 10, 1864; vet. Gessick, Augustus, must, in Sept. 1,1861; trans, from Co.E Jan. 11, 1863. Gray, Samuel, must in Aug. 15, 1861 ; trans, from Co. B Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out Oct 24, 1864, expiration of term. Hinkle, George W., must in Aug. 15, 1861; trans, from Co. B Jan. 11, 1863 ; must out with company July 15, 1865 ; vet. Haines, Michael, must, in Feb. 3, 1862 ; absent, sick, at must, out. Harleman, Thomas, must, in Aug. 19, 1861; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863; must out with company July 15, 1865; vet. Harleman, George W., must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863 ; killed at Rappahannock Station, Va., Nov. 7, 1863. Harding, William L., must, in Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, from Co. E Jan. 11, 1863 ; died Jan. 19, 1863. Hippie, Robert, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863 ; vet. Haines, William, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out Sept. 18, 1864, expiration of term. Harkless, George, must, in Aug, 19, 1861; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863 ; muBt. out Sept. 15, 1864, expiration of term. Heckrott, Lewis P., must in Aug. 15, 1861 ; trans, from Co. B Jan, 11, 1863 ; must out Sept. 10, 1864, expiration of term. Hutton, George W., must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, from Co. A. Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out Sept. 10, 1864, expiration of term. Huffman, Daniel, must, in Sept. 10,1861; trans, from Co. E Jan. 11, 1863; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term, Heudricks, Hezekiah, must in Feb. 8, 1864; disch. on surg. certif. May 22, 1865. Haler, John M., must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, from Co. C Jan. 11, 1863; wounded at Spottsylvania Court-House May 10, 1864; must, out March 4, 1865, expiration of term. JoneB, Henry, must, in March 8, 1865 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865. Jodon, Peter, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out Aug. 24, 1864, expiration of term. Jodon, David, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863; must, out Sept. 15, 1864, expiration of term. Runes, John C, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865; vet. King, William, must, in March 8, 1865 ; must out with company July 15, 1865. Katon, William T., must, in Aug. 19, 1861; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863 ; died at Andersonville, Ga., July 16, 1864 ; grave 3417. Kennedy, Smith, must, in Jan. 3, 1862 ; trans, from Co. B Jan. 11, 1863. Kauffman, David M., must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out Sept. 10, 1864, expiration of term. Keyes, Charles R., must, in Aug. 19, 1861; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out Sept 10, 1864, expiration of term. King, Edward N., must, in Aug. 15, 1861; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863; disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 15, 1863. Lucus, Asbury, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863; must, out Oct. 24, 1864, expiration of term. Lucus, James S., must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863 ; trans, to Vet Res. Corps Sept. 21, 1863. Myers, John S., must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865 ; vet Miles, George W., must, in Aug. 19,1861; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863; miiBt out with company July 15, 1865 ; vet. Miller, David, must in Sept. 10, 1861 ; trans, from Co. E Jan. 11, 1863; killed at SpottBylvania Court-House May 10, 1864. Miller, Eli, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863; died Jan. 28, 1863. Manning, Peter, must in Aug. 15, 1861 ; trans, from Co. B Jan. 11, 1863 ; died Jan. 28, 1863. Moss, Andrew, must in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863. Mann, Robert, must in June 1,1864; substitute; disch. hy G.O.June 16, 1865. McCIafferty, Frank, must, in Aug. J5, 1861 ; trans, from Co. B Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865 ; vet McCormick, John, must, in March 8, 1865 ; must out with company July 15, 1865. McClure, Anson, must, in June 1, 1864 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865. McFarland, W. H., must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; absent, sick, at must, out; vet. McAffee, David, must, in Aug. 19, 1861; trans, from Co. D Jan. 11, 1863- disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 25, 1863. McClauskey, C, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1862- must, out Sept. 10, 1864, expiration of term. McMain, Thomas, must, in Feb. 4, 1864; disch. on surg. certif. McClenahan, R. G., must, in Aug. 14, 1861; trans, from Co. E Jan. 11 1862 ; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. McKinley, Joseph, must in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, from Co. B Jan. 11,1862* disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 5,1863. Neil, James, must, in Aug. 15, 1861; trans, from Co. B Jan. 11, 1862 - killed at Spottsylvania Court-House May 12, 1864; vet. Neiman, W. H., must, in Aug. 20, 1861 ; trans, from Co. E Jan. 11, 1863; must, out Oct. 25, 1864, expiration of term. O'Brien, James, must, in March 8, 1865 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865. Owens, Matthew, must, in Aug. 19, 1864; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11,1863; killed at Spottsylvania Court-House' May 10, 1864. Osborne, John, must, in March 17, 1863. Owens, William, must, in Sept. 12, 1861 ; tranB. from Co. E Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out Oct. 20, 1864, expiration of term. Osborne, Abiah D., must, in Feb. 4, 1864; disch. by G. 0. June 17, 1865. Packer, JameB M., must in May 31, 1864; must, out with company July 15, 1865. Perry, Charles, must in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863; died May 11, 1864, of wounds received at Spottsylvania Court-Houae May 10, 1864. Patton, Hugh, must, in June 7, 1864. Ryan, Michael, must, in June 14, 1864 ; substitute ; must, out with com pany July 15, 1865. Richards, John, must, in Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, from Co. E Jan. 11, 1863; absent, sick, at muster out; vet. Rogers, James N., must in Aug. 20, 1861; trans, from Co. E Jan. 11, 1863 ; died at Fort Delaware May 14, 1864. Rose, William, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863; disch. on siirg. certif. Feb. 23, 1862. Reading, Amos, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863; must, out Sept. 18, 1864, expiration of term. Rhoads, Peter, must, in Sept. 7, 1861; trans, from Co.E Jan. 11, 1863; must out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Rimby, G. W. C, muBt. in Aug. 15, 1861 ; traua. from Co.B Jan. 11, 1863; killed at Cold Harbor June 3, 1864. Rigg, William, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863 ; killed at Spottsylvania Court-House May 10, 1864. Shatzer, Amos, must, in March 18, 1862 ; trans, from Co. E Jan. 11, 1863; must, out with compauy July 15, 1865 ; vet. Sneal, Matthew B., imiBt. in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863 ; killed at Spottsylvania Court-House May 10, 1864. Spiece, Jeremiah, muBt in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11,1863; disch. on surg. certif. April 14, 1863. Spangler, Jonas, must in Aug. 19, 1861'; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863 ; disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 16, 1865; vet. Strunk, William H., must in Aug. 9, 1862; trans.fromCo.EJan.il, 1863 ; disch. by G. O. June 17, 1865. Smith, Henry C, must, in June 1, 1864 ; disch. by G. O. June 17, 1865, Shope, William, must in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Smythe, Homer S., must, in Aug. 15,1861; trans, from Co. E Jan. 11, 1863 ; must out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Steele, William G., must, in Aug. 25, 1861; trans, from Co. E Jan. 11, 1863; killed at Spottsylvania Court-House May 10, 1864. Stull, Jacob, must, in Sept. 11, 1862; trans, from Co. E Jan. 11, 1863; killed at Spottsylvania Court-House May 10, 1864. Tyler, William, must in March 8, 1865; died June 29, 1865; buried in National Cemetery, Arlington. Taylor, Thomas J., must, in Aug. 15,1861; trans, from Co. B Jan.U, 1863 ; disch. on Burg, certif. March 17, 1863. Taylor, William D., must, in Aug. 15, 1861 ; trans, from Co. B Jan, 11, 1863 ; must, out Sept. 16, 1864, expiration of term. Taylor, Jesse, must, in Aug. 15, 1861 ; trans, from Co. B Jan. 11,1863; killed at Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864; vet. Walizer, Andrew, must, in Aug. 16, 1861; trans, from Co. E Jan.U, 1863; must, out with company July 15, 1865; vet. Wieze, John C, must, in Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, from Co. E Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865 ; vet. Williams, Valentine, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863; must out with company July 15, 1865; vet. WAR OF THE REBELLION. 131 Wilkinson, S. D., must, in Aug. 15, 1861 ; trans, from Co. B Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out with company July 16, 1865 ; vet. Wooden, Adam B., must, in Sept. 1, 1861 ; trans, from Co. E Jan. \L, 1863 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865 ; vet. Wintered, Philip, must, in March 16, 1863 ; must, out with company July 15, 1865. Watkius, William, must, in Aug. 14, 1861 ; trans, from Co. E Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out with company July 16, 1865 ; vet. Waters, Erastus J. C, must, in Oct. 8, 1863 ; killed at Spottsylvania May 10, 1864. Wolf, Charles, must, in Aug. 19, 1861; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1866; died at Philadelphia June 28, 1863. Walker, David, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863; died Aug. 9,1863; buried in Military Asylum Cemetery, D. 0. Walters, Frazier, must, in Aug. 16, 1861 ; trans, from Co. B Jan. 11, 1863 ; disch. on Burg, certif. Sept. 25, 1863. Wafkins, John, must, in Aug. 21, 1861 ; trans, from Co. B Jan. 11, 1863 ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 4, 1863. Walizer, Elias, must, in Feb. 19, 1864 ; disch. on surg. certif. May 27, 1865. Wolfe, Gideon W., must, in Aug. 21, 1861 ; trans, from Co. E Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Williamson, T. M., must, in Aug. 21, 1861; trans, from Co. E Jan.U, 1863; disch. on surg. certif. June 21, 1865; vet. Weber, Sylvester, must, in Aug. 21, 1861 ; trans, from Co. E Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Workman, Jacob, must, in Aug. 19, 1861 ; trans, from Co. A Jan. 11, 1863 ; must, out Oct. 23, 1864, expiration of term. Targer, Abr.im, must, in Feb. 8, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 22, 1865. The Fifty-third Regiment, of which Col. John R. Brooke, of Montgomery County, was the first com manding officer, was organized at Camp Curtin in September and October, 1861, being composed of companies recruited in Montgomery, Chester, Blair, Huntingdon, Clearfield, Centre, Carbon, Union, Lu zerne, Potter, Westmoreland, Northumberland, and Juniata Counties. The men recruited in Blair and Huntingdon Counties formed " C" company, of which John H. Wintrode was captain. Moving from Harrisburg, Nov. 7, 1861, the regi ment proceeded to Washington, D. C, whence, on the 27th of the same month, it crossed the Potomac and went into camp near Alexandria, Va., which be came its winter-quarters. In March, 1862, it moved forward with the Army of the Potomac in the fruit less advance on Manassas, and from that march re turned to Alexandria, where it was assigned to the Third Brigade of Richardson's (First) division of the Second Corps, commanded by Gen. Edwin V. Sumner. About the 1st of April the regiment with its corps was transported by water to the Virginia Peninsula, and moved with the Army of the Potomac to the line in front of Yorktown. The enemy evacuated that place in the night of the 3d of May, and on the fol lowing day the army moved on in pursuit, arriving the same night at Williamsburg, where a bloody battle was fought on the 5th. On the 6th the Fifty-third returne'd to Yorktown and remained five days, then moved by steamer up the York River to West Point, marching thence to the line occupied by the army along the Chickahominy. Crossing that stream on the night of the 31st of May, it took part in the battle at Seven Pines on the following day, losing nearly one hundred men in killed, wounded, and missing, and showing through the conflict a steadi ness and bravery that elicited the commendation of the division and corps commanders. On the 27th of June, when the right wing of the army was closed in deadly conflict with the enemy at Gaines' Mill, the Fifty-third, being a part of the left wing, was posted on the York River Railroad, on the other side of the Chickahominy ; but late in the afternoon, when the battle had turned against the Union forces under Gen. Porter, this regiment with its division was thrown across the river to theirsuccor, and entering the fiery arena, helped to hold the victorious Confed erates in check until the friendly darkness came on, and then amid the shades of night all recrossed to the south side of the stream, destroying the bridges behind them. The main body of the army at once took up the line of march for the James" River, and the First Division of Sumner's corps covered the re treat, becoming hotly engaged with the pursuing enemy at Peach Orchard, and at Savage Station on Sunday, the 29th. Moving on from this encounter the command crossed White Oak Swamp and moved on in good order, frequently turning to fight on its way to Malvern Hill, where it arrived in the forenoon of Tuesday, July 1st. In the tremendous conflict of that day the Fifty-third was not closely engaged, though under a heavy fire for several hours. Between midnight and dawn of the 2d it again moved on, crossing Turkey Creek, and covering the retreat of the army from the field of victory to Harrison's Land ing, where a new base of supply was made, and where the Fifty-third remained with its corps until the 16th of August, when it moved with the other troops down the Peninsula to Newport News, whence it was moved by transports to Alexandria, under orders to reinforce Gen. Pope, who was being overwhelmed on the Rappahannock. It did not arrive in time to take part in the s.econd Bull Run battle, though within hearing of the distant roar of conflict on the 30th, while on the march towards Centreville, where it ar rived on the following day. It was at once placed in position to cover the retreat of the defeated Army of Virginia to the Potomac, and having done this with the usual steadiness and gallantry, it moved across the river to a position northwest of Washington, Sep tember 3d, and a few days later was again on the march in the campaign of South Mountain and An tietam. In the first of these two engagements it took no active part, being held in reserve. It reached An tietam Creek on the 16th, and in the great battle of the 17th was engaged early in the day, holding posi tion on the extreme right of the division, charging the enemy and driving him from his strong position in its front, and holding the ground against all attempts of the Confederates to reoccupy it. Later in the day the regiment was posted in support of a battery, and was under an exceedingly heavy fire for many hours. Its loss at Antietam was twenty-eight killed and wounded. After the battle it moved with its brigade in pursuit of the enemy, and on the 22d crossed the 132 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Potomac into Virginia. The Confederate army had escaped, and the troops rested for more than a month at Bolivar Heights, near Harper's Ferry. , On the 30th of October it moved southeast across the Shen andoah, fighting at Snicker's Gap on the 4th of No vember, reaching Warrenton on the 9th, thence marching to Falmouth, opposite Fredericksburg, and arriving there on the 19th. In the campaign of Fredericksburg, the Fifty-third crossed the Rappahannock on the 12th of December, driving the enemy's light forces from the bank of the river, and occupied a part of the town. Early in the day of the great battle (December 13th) the regiment with its brigade formed line of battle along the south border of the town, and after a halt of nearly two hours in that position, all the while under a terrible fire from the enemy's batteries, advanced at double- quick towards the famed stone wall that barred the way to the acclivity of Marye's Heights.' Here, as at other points along the line, the rocky barricade proved impregnable to the Union assault, but the Third Bri gade charged up to within twenty-five rods of it, and held its position there in the face of a fire as destruc tive as any that was ever poured into an advancing column, and through all the remaining hours of the day they held it against repeated attacks by the enemy until night closed in on the scene of carnage, and then, and not till then, they retired from the advanced line and made their cheerless bivouac in the town. The Fifty-third lost in this engagement one hundred and fifty-six killed and wounded, which was consid erably more than half the effective strength with which it entered the fight. On recrossing the river it reoccupied its old quarters at Falmouth, where it re mained employed in provost and camp duty during the winter. In the spring campaign of 1863, the regiment moved from its camp on the 28th of April, crossed the Rappahannock at United States ford, and marched to Chancellorsville, where it took part in the great battle during the three days of its continuance, suf fering considerable loss. On the 6th of May it re crossed the river with the army and returned to its old quarters near Falmouth. When it was ascer tained that the Confederate army under Lee was moving to the invasion of Maryland and Pennsylva nia, the regiment (which was then in the Fourth Brigade of the First Division of the Second Corps) marched on the 14th of June to Banks' Ford, to observe the movements of the enemy, and imme diately afterwards moved northward with its corps to Thoroughfare Gap, where it became engaged with the enemy on the 20th. It remained there in position until the 25th, when it resumed the march northward, and reached the field of Gettysburg at 8 o'clock a.m. on the 2d of July, three companies of the regiment, however, being absent on detached duty. The effec tive strength with which the Fifty-third entered the battle of Gettysburg was only one hundred and twenty-five men, out of which number it suffered a loss of seventy-three killed and wounded in the great conflict. From this time to the close of the war the Hunt ingdon and Blair men in Company C participated in all the campaigns and battles in which the regiment was engaged. Among the battles in which the com pany was prominently engaged were Rappahannock Station, Bristoe Station, Mine Run, Wilderness, Po River, Spottsylvania Court-House, Cold Harbor, June 2, 1864; Petersburg, Va., June 16, 1864; Ream's Station, Va., Aug. 21, 1864 ; Boydton Plank-Road, Five Forks, Deep Creek, Va., April 6, 1864; and at Appomattox Court-House at Lee's surrender. Shortly after this the company, with other troops, returned by way of Washington to Harrisburg, from whence the men returned to their homes and to the pursuits of civil life. FIFTY-THIRD KEGIMENT. Company C ** Capt. John H. Wintrode, must, in Oct. 17, 1861 ; res. Dec. 3, 1862. Capt. Henry J. Smith, must, in Oct. 17, 1861 ; pro. from 1st sergt. to 2d lieut. May 9, 1862, to capt. Jan. 1, 1863 ; disch. March' 16, 1865. 1st Lieut. Kobert McNamara, must, in Oct. 17, 1861 ; res. May 9, 1862. 1st Lieut. Samuel M. Royer, must, in Oct. 17, 1861 ; pro. from 2d to 1st lieut. May 9, 1862 ; res. Dec. 1, 1862. 1st Lient. D. S. Fouse, must, in Oct. 17, 1861 ; pro. from sergt to 1st lieut. Dec. 1, 1862; must, out Oct. 8, 1864, expiration of term. 1st Lieut. Andrew J. Merrett, must, in Oct. 17, 1861 ; pro. to Corp., to lit sergt., to 2d lieut. May 1, 1865, to 1st lieut. May 18, 1865 ; muBt out with company June 30, 1865; vet. 2d Lieut. John McLaughlin, must, in Oct. 17, 1861-; pro. from Bergt. to 2d lieut. Jan. 1, 1863; com. 1st lieut. Oct. 8, 1864; not mustered; must, out April 24, 1865, to date March 14, 1865. 1st Sergt. Andrew J. Fleck, must, in Oct. 17, 1861 ; pro. to corp. May 10, 1864, to sergt. Nov. 2, 1864, to 1st sergt. May 2, 1865 ; absent with leave at must, out; vet. 1st Sergt. Daniel N. Garner, must, in Oct. 17, 1861; pro. to sergt.; must. out Nov. 2, 1864, expiration of term. Sergt. Daniel Lightner, must, in Oct. 17, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Feb. 25, 1864, to sergt. Sept. 21, 1864; must, out with company June 30, 1865 ; vet. Sergt. Michael McCall, must, in Oct. 17, 1861 ; pro. to corp. July 1, 1864, to sergt. May 1, 1865 ; must, out with company June 30, 1865; vet. Sergt. John Rodgers, must, in Oct. 17, 1861; pro. to corp. July 1, 1864, to sergt. June 16, 1865 ; must, out with company June 30, 1865; vet. Sergt. David B. Rothrock, must in Oct. 17, 1861; pro. to sergt.; pris oner from June 16, 1864, to April 28, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865; vet. Sergt. Samuel W. Gill, must, in Oct. 17, 1861 ; pro. to sergt; captured; disch. by G. 0. June 20, 1865; vet. (Date of muster in Oct. 17, 1861, except where noted.) Sergt. G. W. Montgomery, pro. to sergt.; died at Philadelphia July 1, 1864, of wounds received in action near Petersburg, Va.; vet. Sergt. William D. Shontz, must, in Oct. 27, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. ; killed at Spottsylvania Court-House May 10, 1864. Sergt. Anthony J. Beaver, pro. to sergt. ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps May 15, 1864. Sergt. Davis G. Enyeart Sergt. Matthew G. Isett, died ; buried in National Cemetery, Gettysburg, section C, grave 64. Corp. William Fernwalt, pro. to Corp. July 1, 1864; must, out with com pany June 30, 1865 ; vet. Corp. David A. Sias, pro. to corp. Sept. 4, 1864; must, out with company June 30,1865; vet. Corp. Matthias Querry, must, in Feb. 15, 1864; pro. to corp. Sept. 21, 1864 ; must, out with company June 30, 1865 ; vet. Corp. Luden B. Morris, must, in Feb. 3, 1864; pro. to corp. Nov. 2,1864; must, out with company June 30, 1865. Corp. John C. States, must, in Feb. 3, 1864 ; pro. to Corp. March 1, 1865; must, out with company June 30, 1865. WAR OF THE REBELLION. 133 Corp. Charles Nash, must, in March 25, 1864 ; pro. to corp. May 1, 1865 ; must, out with company June 30, 1865. Corp. John Eeiser, must, in Sept. 1, 1863; absent, sick, at must, out Corp. Jacob W. Prough, pro. to Corp.; must, out Nov. 2,1864, expiration of term . Corp. George W. Isett, pro. to corp. ; disch. Sept. 4, 1864, for wounds re ceived at Gettysburg July 2, 1863. Corp. Samuel Kinney, must, in Jan. 16, 1864; disch. hy G. O.June 20, 1865. Corp. Frederick L. Snyder, prisoner from June 16, 1864, to April 9, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865 ; vet. Corp. Elijah Crownover, pro. to corp. ; killed at Spottsylvania Court- House May 12, 1864; vet. Corp. William Reed. Corp. William Estep. Corp. Luther T. Sangree. Corp. H. B. Geisinger. Musician Jacob Chilcoat, must, out with company June 30, 1865. Musician Alexander W. Campbell, must, out with company June 30, 1865 ; vet Musician Henry F. Sheeder, must, out with company June 30, 1865 ; vet. Abbott, Amos, must out with company June 30, 1865; vet. Allen, George, must in March 28, 1864 ; absent, sick, at must out. Argyle, Steele, must in Nov. 18, 1864; disch. hy G. O. June 20, 1865. Bittner, William F., must, in Nov. 28, 1864; substitute; must, out with company June 30, 1865. Baker, John P., must, in Jan. 13, 1865 ; substitute ; must, out with com pany June 30, 1865. Brown, James L., must, in Jan. 13, 1865 ; substitute ; wounded in action March 25, 1865 ; disch. by G. O. July 17, 1865. Bowers, Isaac, must in April 22, 1864; must, out with company June 30, 1865. Brown, Charles, must, in Feb. 16, 1864 ; absent, sick, at must. out. Baker, William, must, in Aug. 25, 1863 ; absent, sick, at must out. Bodenstein, Charles, must in Aug. 25, 1863; absent, sick, at must. out. Boss, Green J., must in March 2, 1865; absent, Bick, at must, out Biss, John C. Bollinger, James. Coble, Benjamin, must, out with company June 30, 1865 ; vet. Cusac, Michael, must, in Jan. 5, 1865 ; substitute ; must, out with com pany June 30, 1865. Graig, William, must, in Aug. 24, 1863; absent, sick, at must out. Clark, Ethan, must, in Feb. 28, 1865; absent, sick, at must. out. Coble, William, must, in Dec. 24,1863; trans, to 'Vet. Res. Corps April 3,1865; vet. Dugan, Thomas, must, in Jan. 22, 1864; disch. by G. O. June 22, 1865. DoCruasy, Charles, must, in June 11, 1865; substitute; must out with company June 30, 1865. Deitrick, George, must, in Jan. 9, 1865; substitute; must, out with com pany June 30, 1865. Dean, William D., must in March 25, 1864; disch. April 20, 1865, for woundB received in action. Davis, Thomas, must, in Sept. 17, 1863 ; disch. by G. 0. July 11, 1865. Daily, Michael, must, in Dec. 27, 1864; substitute; disch. by G. 0. June 16, 1865. Decker, James M., must in Jan. 4, 1894; died at City Point, Va., July 22, 1864. Dean, Daniel, died Oct. 27, 1862. Eslick, Ira J., must iu Feb. 26, 1864; absent, sick, at must, out Enyeart, James E., died Dec. 11, 1863, at Alexandria, Va., grave 1161. Fair, Henry. tfurst, Oscar, must, in Jan. 3, 1865 ; substitute ; absent, wounded, at must. out. Fry, Abraham, must, in Jan. 4, 1864; died Sept. 27, 1864; buried in Nat. Cem., Arlington, Va. Fink, John. Fouse, Reuben I. Fleck, Daniel. Fouse, George W. Green, Henry, must in Dec. 20, 1864; must out with company June 30, 1865. Gyr, Henry, must, in Dec. 27, 1864; substitute; must, out with company June 30, 1865. Geiger, John W., must, in Aug. 10, 1863 ; absent, sick, at must, out Godfrey, William, must, in Feb. 25, 1864; absent, sick, at must. out. Garner, Matthew G., must, out Nov. 2, 1864, expiration of term. Garner, John. Garner, Joh n M. Gill, George W., died Nov. 28, 1862; buried in Military Asylum Ceme tery, Washington, D. C. Greggi John. Heltzel, George L., must, out with company June 30, 1865; vet. Harman, Charles S., must, in Oct 17, 1864; substitute; must, out with company June 30, 1865, Hilliard, Daniel, must, in Nov. 16, 1864; must, out with company June 30, 1865. Harsh, Henry, must, in Jan. 16, 1865; substitute; must, out with com pany Juno 30, 1865. Hill, Wallace, must in Feb. 16, 1864 ; must, out with company June 30, 1865. Hands, Patrick, must, in Feb. 22, 1864; must, out with company June 30, 18G5. Hood, Robert, must in Jan. 9, 1864; killed at Spottsylvania Court-House May 10, 1864." Heifner, Jacob, must, in Feb. 29, 1864 ; killed at Petersburg, Va., June 16, 1864; buried at City Point, Va. Hammon, James. Hanna, John, died Nov. 21, 1861 ; buried in Military Asylum Cemetery, Washington, D. 0. Heifner, William. Harker, Henry. Heller, John A. Hess, John, died 1862; buried in National Cemetery, Seven Pines, Va., section B, lot 34. Houck, Ezekiel J. Jolly, Samuel S., must, in Dec. 20, 1864 ; must, out with company June 30, 1865. Johnston, Thomas, must, in Jan. 25, 1865; substitute; must, out with company June 30, 1866.^ Johnston, James D., must in Feb. 28, 1865 ; must, out with company June 30, 1865. Joslin, Julius, must, in April 11, 1865 ; must, out with company June 30, 1865. Kamp, Albert, must in Jan. 11,1865; substitute; must, out with com pany June 30, 1865. Eugan, Martin, mast, in Aug. 25, 1865 ; absent, sick, at must. out. Kessler, George W., must in March 19, 1864; absent at muBt. out. Kyler, Isaac, must, in March 10,1862; dishonorably disch. by general court-martial. Kessler, John, muBt. in Sept. 21, 1863 ; disch. by G. 0. June 12, 1865. Keiter, John. Larkins, Francis, must, in July 30, 1863; must, out with company June 30, 1865. Leace, Oliver, must, out Nov. 2, 1864, expiration of term. Long, Henry, must, in Jan. 14, 1865 ; substitute. Lightner, Charles. Magill, Jacob, wounded at Spottsylvania Court-House May 10,1864; disch. Feb. 16, 1865, to date Nov. 2, 1864, expiration of term. Malyer, Ferdinand, must, in Dec. 20, 1864; substitute ; must out with company June 30, 1865. Maher, Martin, must, in Sept. 6, 1864; substitute; wounded in action March 31 , 1865 ; disch. by G. O. June 20, 1865. Mone, Edwin, must, in Sept. 16, 1863; must, out with company June 30, 1865. Mower, William H., must in July 22, 1863; must, out with company June 30, 1865. Morel, David, must, in Feb. 28, 1865; absent, Bick, at must. out. Murphy, David, must, in Jan. 27, 1864; absent, sick, at must. out. Montag, Wm. G., must in Sept. 19, 1864; disch. by G. 0. June 16, 1865. Moran, Francis, must in July 20, 1863 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Montgomery, J. McCall, William, must, in Feb. 29, 1864 ; must, out with company June 30, 1865. McCreary, Paul, must, in Jan, 2, 1864; must, out with company June 30, 1865. Mclntire, John, must, in Dec. 18, 1864; must, out with company June 30, 1865. McCoy, John, must, in Aug. 7, 1863 ; must, out with company June 30, 1865. McKnight, John, must, in Jan. 5, 1864; disch. by G. 0. June 7, 1865. McGeegan, John, must, in Sept. 16, 1864; disch. by G. O. May 31, 1865. McCoy, James. , McLaughlin, P. Norris, Samuel W., pris. from June 16th to Nov. 24, 1864 ; muBt out Feb. 20, 1865, to date Nov. 30, 1864. Neresgold, Henry, must in Dec. 26, 1864 ; must out with company June 30, 1865. Neidengard, Henry, must in Jan. 16, 1865 ; substitute ; disch. by G. O. June 16, 1865. 134 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Noland, John. Noland, William. Numer, William. Orumer,, Daniel. Prin, William, must, out with company June 30, 1865 ; vet. Prett, Obediah, must in Feb. 20, 1864; absent with leave at must. out. Potter, Thomas, must, in Feb. 22, 1864; absent, sick, at must. out. Pannatta, William. Prough, Jacob. Ruder, William, must, in Nov. 16, 1864; wounded in action March 31, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. June 22, 1865. Robs, George, must, in Feb. 13, 1864; absent, sick, at must. out. Rinkins, James, must, in Aug. 7, 1863 ; absent, sick, at must. out. Roland, John, must, in Jan. 29, 1864 ; captured at Spottsylvania Court- House May 12, 1864 ; absent at must. out. Ryan, George, must, in Feb. 28, 1865; must, out with company June 30, 1865. Rough, John, must, out Nov. 6, 1864, expiration of term. Rough, James J., trans, to Vet. Res. Corps May 1, 1864. Swope, Allison, died at Philadelphia Aug. 12, 1862. Showalter, Daniel, must, in March 25, 1864 ; abBent, sick, at must. out. Showalter, Edward, must, iu Jan. 2, 1864 ; must, out with company June 30, 1865. Stains, George H., must, out with company June 30, 1865 ; vet. Swope, Lawrence S., absent, sick, at must. out. Stahl, John, must, iu Jan. 16, 1865; substitute; must, out with com pany June 30, 1865. Sun, Henry,must in Dec. 13,1864; substitute; must, out with company June 30, 1865. Slocum, Henry, must, in Jan. 3, 1865 ; substitute ; must, out with com pany June 30, 1865. Schwab, John, must, in Jan, 6, 1865 ; substitute ; must, out with com pany June 30, 1865. Sample, James, must, in Jan. 7, 1865 ; must, out June 30, 1865. Shaw, Baskin, must, in Jan. 7, 1865 ; substitute ; must, out with com pany June 30, 1865. Slaglille, Abraham, must, in Dec. 30, 1864; substitute ; absent, sick, at must. out. Smith, William, must, in March 2, 1865 ; absent, sick, at must. out. Smith, James, must, in Aug. 24, 1863; absent, sick, at must, out Sprink, John, must, in Sept. 2, 1863 ; absent, sick, at must. out. Shyley, William H., must, in April 21, 1862 ; pris. from Nov. 28, 1863, to Dec. 6, 1864; disch. by G. O. April 2, 1865. Strong, James, must, out Nov. 6, 1864, expiration of term. Showalter, John, must, in March 5, 1864 ; disch. Feb. 14, 1865, for wounds received in action. Sloan, James W., must, in Dec. 20, 1864 ; disch. by G. O. June 15, 1865. Showalter, Joseph, must, in Feb. 5, 1864; died June 24, 1864, of wounds received in action ; buried in National Cemetery, Arlington, Va. Stains, Samuel F,, died at Philadelphia, Sept 1, 1863. Smith, Jacob W., date of must in not given. Thaw, Thomas, must, in Oct. 29, 1864 ; must, out with company June 30, 1865. Tetwyler, Peter, absent, sick, at must, out; vet. Tobler, Jacob, must, in Dec. 23, 1864; substitute ; must, out with com pany June 30, 1865. Thompson, John, must, in Dec. 20, 1864; must, out with company June 30, 1865. Turner, Henry, must, in Feb. 16, 1864; must, out June 30, 1865. Tippery, Sanford F., must, in Oct. 17, 1861. Todd, Bernhard, must in Oct 17, 1861. Varner, Casper, must, in Jan. 6, 1865; substitute; must but with com pany June 30, 1865. Vannatta, William, must, in Dec. 27, 1864; substitute; disch. by G. O. June 2, 1865. Weakland, August, must, in Oct. 17, 1861 ; absent, sick, at must. out. Wagner, George, must, in Dec. 20, 1864 ; must, out with company June 30, 1865. Wimer, John, must, in Nov. 18, 1864; must, out with company June 30, 1865. Withford, Erastns, must, in Jan. 6, 1864; must, out with company June 30, 1865. Woodcock, George W., must, in Jan. 29, 1864; killed at Spottsylvania Court-House May 12, 1864. Weaver, Francis A., must, in Oct. 18, 1861 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps July 1, 1864. Winegardner, Michael, must, in July 28, 1863 ; disch. by G. O. Juno 28 1865. Yokes, William, must, in Feb. 27, 1864; must out with company June 30, 1865. CHAPTER XXI. MILITARY— WAR OF THE REBELLION.- (Continued.) The Sixty-second Regiment, of which Col. Samuel W. Black was the first commanding officer, was raised in the month of July, 1861, under authority given on the 4th of that month to Col. Black by the Secretary of War. The authority was afterwards extended, al lowing the regiment to include twelve full companies of which seven were recruited in Allegheny County, two in Clarion, and one in each of the counties of Arm. strong, Jefferson, and Blair. The company from Blair (which was the first full company that left the county to enter the three years' service) was designated as M company of the regiment, Capt. Richard, J. Crozier. The rendezvous of the regiment was at Pittsburgh, but soon after its organization it moved (July 24, 1861) to Harrisburg, where it remained in camp several weeks. Proceeding thence to Washington, D. C, by way of Baltimore, it received equipments and arms, and on the 11th of September crossed the Potomac to Vir ginia, encamping at Fort Corcoran, and being as signed to the Second Brigade (Brig.-Gen. George W. Morrell) of Gen. Fitz John Porter's division. After about two weeks spent at Fort Corcoran in camp duty and work upon the fortifications, the regiment ad vanced to a new line farther south, where it went into a camp which was christened " Camp Bettie Black." In the spring campaign of 1862, the Sixty-second moved with the army on the 10th of March, but upon the discovery that the enemy had evacuated his works at Manassas the advance was abandoned, and the regi ment with the other troops of the army moved back to the Potomac, arriving on the 16th of March at Alexandria, where a few days later it was embarked and proceeded to Fortress Monroe, encamping four miles from that place, at the site of the old town of Hampton, which had then recently been burned by the Confederate troops under command of Gen. J. B, Magruder. From Hampton the regiment with other troops made a reconnoissance to Big Bethel, and on the 4th and 5th of April marched with the army up the Peninsula to the front of the enemy's fortified line' at Yorktown, skirmishing by the way, and losing one killed and three wounded. For more than four weeks the regiment remained in front of Yorktown, employed in fortifying and other duty. On the night of the 4th of May the en emy evacuated his Yorktown lines, and on the fol lowing day the Army of the Potomac moved on in pursuit, except the division of Gen. Porter, which (including the Sixty-second Regiment) remained at Yorktown until the 8th, when it moved by steamers up the York River to West Point, and encamped on the opposite side of the stream. Here Gen. Griffin took command of the Second Brigade, Gen. Morrell being assigned to the command of the division, and Gen. F. J. Porter to that of the Fifth Provisional Corps, which was then formed. WAR OF THE REBELLION. 135 From West Point the regiment moved with Mor- rell's division to the line of the Chickahominy, ar riving at Gaines' Mill on the 26th of May. On the 27th it moved before daylight, and marched with its division to Hanover Court-House, where it was ex pected a junction would be made with Gen. McDow ell's (First) corps from Fredericksburg and Bowling Green. This was not effected, but the enemy was met near the court-house, and a sharp engagement was the result. Martindale's (First) brigade had the advance, and the Second Brigade followed in its support. On finding the enemy in front a line of battle was formed, with the Second Brigade on Mar tindale's right. The Union line charged the Con federates, completely routing them, and capturing their camp equipage and a large number of arms, with more than eighty prisoners, among whom were several officers. The loss of the Sixty-second was light, only six wounded in the engagement, and on the same night it ' returned with the other troops to the camp near Gaines' Mill. On the afternoon of the 26th of June was fought the battle of Mechanicsville, by McCall's division of Pennsylvania Reserves on the Union side. From its camp near Gaines' Mill the Sixty-second, with its division, was ordered up to the support of the Reserves, and it was for a considerable time under a heavy fire from the enemy, but did not become closely engaged. The conflict resulted in a decided advantage gained by the enemy, and the retreat of the Reserves early on the morning of Friday, the 27th, to Gaines' Mill, three or four miles farther down the Chickahominy, where Porter's corps stood in line, prepared to give battle to the advancing Confederates under Long- street, the two Hills, and " Stonewall" Jackson. Morrell's division held the extreme left of the Union line ; Griffith's brigade (in which was the Sixty-second Regiment) occupying the right of the division line, and joining the left of Sykes' division. The Confederate corps of Gen. Longstreet advanced from the northward, and the battle was opened with tremendous energy. It soon became general along nearly the entire line, and raged with fury during the entire afternoon, the advantage being, in general, on the side of the Confederates. The Sixty-second and the Ninth Massachusetts Regiments were ordered to charge, and did so with the utmost steadiness and bravery. Col. Black, of the Sixty-second, was killed, and the command of the regiment then devolved on Lieut.-Col. J. Bowman Sweitzer. By this desperate charge the enemy was driven from his position at that point, but the Sixty-second advanced too far, uncov ering its flank. This was immediately perceived by the Confederates, who at once took advantage of its exposed position, and massing on the flank poured in a most destructive enfilading fire; but the regiment held its ground with remarkable steadiness, and de livered volley after volley till its ammunition was exhausted, when it was compelled to fall back before overpowering numbers of the enemy. Having re plenished its ammunition, it was ordered to the suc cor of the troops which were hard pressed on the extreme left near the Chickahominy. The regiment went in at double-quick, charginginto a belt of woods, in thefaceof a withering fire from the enemy, who was strongly posted there. The fighting was fierce and determined on both sides, but the Union line was forced back, and the regiment retired to the Chicka hominy. In the charge and repulse, late in the after noon, Lieut.-Col. Sweitzer was taken prisoner, and on the following day was taken to Richmond. During the night succeeding the battle the regiment crossed the Chickahominy, and on Saturday, the 28th, it remained in comparative quiet after the terrible scenes of the conflict at Gaines' Mill. On Sunday it moved with the other troops in the retreat (or change of base) to the James River, and arrived at Malvern Hill in the evening of June 30th. In the great battle at that place, in the afternoon of the following day, it lay in support of a battery, and repelled a desperate and determined charge of the enemy, made for the purpose of capturing the guns. The entire loss of the Sixty-second in this and the preceding battles of the campaign (including that of Hanover Court-House) was two hundred and ninety-eight killed, wounded, and missing. From the field of victory at Malvern Hill the Sixty- second moved with the army soon after midnight, and marched away through the gloom and mud and pouring rain on the road to Harrison's Landing (or Berkeley), on the James River, arriving there late in the forenoon of July 2d. At about 11.30 p.m. on the 31st of July, the Confederates on the opposite side of the river suddenly opened fire on the Union army from fifteen batteries of field artillery. The gunboat fleet in the river promptly replied with their monster Parrotts and eleven-inch guns, and for nearly an hour the sky and the waters of the James glowed brightly with the incessant glare of bursting shells ; then suddenly the fire ceased, and the enemy withdrew his- batteries, having done but slight damage to the Union maga zines, which it had been his intention to destroy. On the following day (August 1st) the Sixty-second, with its division and corps, moved across the James, and burned the mansion and other buildings of the Ruffin plantation, and leveled the woods which had screened the enemy's preparations for the artillery attack of the preceding night. After a stay of nearly seven weeks at the Landing the army evacuated the position and marched down the Peninsula. The Sixty-second took up its line of march on the 14th of August, and moved by way of Williamsburg and Yorktown to Newport News, where it embarked and was transported to Acquia Creek on the Potomac. Thence it moved by railroad to Fred ericksburg, and remained a short time in the vicinity guarding the fords of the Rappahannock, but soon moved up and rejoined its division, which had marched 136 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. to the relief of Gen. Pope, whose army was being hard pressed by the enemy south of Manassas. The regiment was slightly engaged at Gainesville, Va., August 27th, but did not take part in the battles at Bull Run, August 29th and 30th, being in reserve with Gen. Porter's corps. After that battle and defeat it retired with its division to Centreville and thence to Minor's Hill, near Washington, reaching there September 4th. In the Antietam campaign, the Sixty-second was present on that famous field, but was not closely en gaged in the great battle of September 16th and 17th, its division and corps being held in reserve, though the Second Brigade was for hours posted in support of batteries and under a heavy artillery fire. After the battle the Confederate army retreated to the river and crossed into Virginia, where, on the 30th of September, the regiment became slightly engaged in a fight with a part of his forces at Blackford's Ford. An account of that engagement is given by Bates, in his " History of the Pennsylvania Volunteers," as follows : " On the 30th, the enemy having retired across the Potomac, the Sixty-second was ordered on a reconnoissance to the Virginia shore for the pur pose of developing his strength. Crossing at an early hour at Blackford's Ford, the regiment was formed, and Companies L and M were deployed as skirmishers. No enemy was visible, and to all appearances he had withdrawn his forces. A few stragglers were captured and a number of muskets were gathered, when the regiment recrossed the river, and the entire corps was put in motion to follow up the retreating army ; but scarcely had the One Hundred and Eighteenth Penn sylvania (which formed the head of the column) reached the opposite shore when the enemy debouched in heavy columns from a thick wood and made an impetuous assault upon this isolated force, killing and capturing many, and driving the rest in confu sion back to the river. Gen. Morell had taken the precaution to plant a battery to cover the crossing. This was immediately opened, and soon succeeded in checking and driving back the assaulting party. After this affair the army remained in comparative quiet, resting upon the banks of the Potomac until the close of October." In the reorganization of the army which followed the appointment of Gen.' A. E. Burnside to succeed Gen. McClellan in the chief command, the brigade of which the Sixty-second was a part (the Second) was under command of Col. Sweitzer, the division under Gen. Griffin, and the corps (the Fifth) under Gen. Butterfield, the Fifth and Third Corps together forming the Centre Grand Division, under command of " Fighting Joe Hooker." In the great battle of Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862, the Second Brigade crossed the Rappahannock at noon of that day, and marched through the streets of the town under a terrific fire of ^.rtillery, and de flecting to the right moved past a brick-kiln to and across the railroad to the front of the enemy's almost impregnable position on Marye's Heights. There it was met by a fire as destructive as was ever hurled in the face of an assaulting column. The right of the line gave way, but the Second Brigade moved steadily forward through the infernal fire to a point within ten rods of the stone wall which sheltered the enemy. To advance beyond that point was impossible, but the men lay down in mud and water, a position so exposed that a man could hardly rise to his feet and live a minute afterwards, and remained there until Sunday evening, December 14th, when they returned under cover of darkness to the town. Through the day and evening of Monday, the 15th, the regiment picketed the outskirts of the town and threw up in- trenchments to cover the retreat of the army. During the same night it recrossed the river, and occupied its old camp on the north side of the Rappahannock. The loss of the regiment in the battle of Fredericks burg was seventy killed and wounded. In the spring campaign of 1863 the Sixty-second left its winter-quarters on the 27th of April, and moved with its corps (the Fifth, then under command of Gen. Meade) to and across the Rappahannock at Kelly's Ford, and the Rapidan at Ely's Ford, and marched thence to Chancellorsville, where the com mander of the Army of the Potomac, Gen. Hooker, made his dispositions for battle, with the Fifth Corps on the left of the line. On the 1st of May the Sixty- second moved with its brigade and division on a re connoissance to the left. Late in the day the Second Brigade advanced to an extremely exposed position, where it' was without support, and where a superior Confederate force attempted to reach its flank and rear, to cut it off from the remainder of the division. Companies L and M of the Sixty-second being thrown out as skirmishers, discovered the position and evident designs of the enemy, and after several hours of skirmishing and fighting (through the greater part of the night), the brigade was extricated from its perilous situation, and succeeded in rejoining the main body. On the 2d of May the regiment was not en gaged in the battle which resulted in the breaking and partial rout of the Eleventh Corps. On the 3d it was posted, with its brigade, in support of artillery, and assisted in the work of intrenchment. Afterwards the Sixty-second was detailed to skirmish through a belt of woods, preparatory to an advance of the Union lines ; but the enemy fired the woods, and in that way prevented the execution of the movement. On the 4th the brigade advanced (the Sixty-second in the front line) to reconnoitre a strongly intrenched posi tion of the enemy, but was met by so fierce a fire of artillery that it was compelled to retire. In this ad vance the regiment lost fourteen wounded. At about three o'clock in the morning of the 6th of May the Fifth Corps moved back and recrossed the Rappa hannock, the Sixty-second being the last regiment to cross the swollen stream, from which it marched back WAR OF THE REBELLION. 137 to its previous camp at Falmouth, where it remained till about the 1st of June, then moved up the river to Kelly's Ford, where it was employed on picket duty and in observing the movements of the enemy. About the middle of June the regiment marched northward with the army on the campaign that cul minated in the battle of Gettysburg. It arrived with the Fifth Corps on that historic field at daylight on the morning of the 2d of July, having been slightly engaged with the enemy at Middleburg, and the men having suffered terribly from the heat, dust, and fa tigue of the long march. The corps was first placed in position in the rear of Cemetery Hill, where it re mained awaiting orders during the greater part of the day. It was finally ordered in to support' Sickles' corps, which was hard pressed and in danger of being forced back in disorder. The position of the Second Brigade was in front of Little Round Top. The Sixty-second occupied the left of the brigade line, — an exposed position, — which the enemy at tempted to flank, but failing in this, made a vigorous attack, which was repulsed, but the Second Brigade was withdrawn to a new line behind a wheat-field, across which it soon afterwards charged, under a ter rible fire, but while doing so its advance was checked by the giving way of a brigade, which was pursued by a heavy force of the enemy, who came on with a rush and yell, and gained the flank and rear of the charging Second Brigade, which was thus placed in an extremely perilous position, and was extricated only by the unsurpassed bravery and steadiness of the officers and men, who retired slowly, but fighting over all the ground, until they gained a position of com parative security at the base of Little Round Top, the enemy in the mean time having been checked and driven by a brigade of the Pennsylvania Re serves. During the night the men built a rough atone wall, connecting the slopes of the two Round Tops, and this rude defense was held by the Sixty- second, which was not again closely engaged in the battle. Its losses at Gettysburg were heavy, reducing its strength to less than one hundred men. Among the wounded in this battle was Lieut. Patrick Morris of M company (mortally). The Sixty-second took active part in the succeeding campaigns of the summer and fall of 1863, and fought bravely in the engagements at Manassas Gap, Rappa hannock Station, Locust Grove Church, and at Mine Bun, December 3d. Immediately after the close of the Mine Run campaign it went into winter-quarters, where a considerable proportion of the men re-enlisted and a large number of recruits were received from Pennsylvania. During the winter the regiment was employed by detachments in guarding the Orange and Alexandria Railroad. On the opening of the spring campaign of 1864 the Sixty-second moved with its corps to the Rapidan, crossed that river at Germania Ford in the night of the 3d of May, and moved southward into the Wil derness, where it became heavily engaged with the enemy on the 5th, the regiment occupying the extreme right of the division line. It was again engaged on the 6th and 7th, and on the 8th it fought at Laurel Hill, losing heavily, but holding its ground and throw ing up defensive works in the face of the enemy, , It was heavily engaged and sustained severe loss in the great battle at Spottsylvania Court-House, and was almost constantly in line and under fire at and near that place from the 12th to the 21st of May, when it moved to the line of the North Anna River. It was engaged in the battle at Jericho Ford, and at Tolo- potomy on the 30th. From the 31st to the 3d of June it was continually under fire, and fought bravely in the bloody battles of Bethesda Church and Cold Harbor, suffering heavy loss in both engagements. Moving from Cold Harbor across the Chickahominy to the James River, the regiment crossed the latter stream and marched to Petersburg, reaching there in the evening of the 16th of June, and taking part in the battle of the 18th on the lines encircling that city, and in the engagement of the 21st at Jerusalem Plank-Road, where it lost slightly in killed and wounded. On the 3d of July, 1864, the ten original companies of the Sixty-second Regiment were mustered out of the service (the term of their enlistment having ex pired), and the two remaining companies (L and M) were transferred to the Ninety-first Pennsylva nia Regiment, and remained with it before Petersburg until the expiration of their term of service, and were mustered out on the Sth of August, 1864. The tat tered and shot-torn flag of Company M has in scribed upon it the names of the battles in which the Sixty-second took part, viz.: Siege of Yorktown, battle, of Yorktown, Hanover Court-House, Seven Days' battles, Gainesville, Antietam, Blackford's Ford, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Manassas Gap, Rappahannock Station, Mine Run, Wilderness, Laurel Hill, Spottsylvania Court-House, Jericho Ford, Tolopotomy, Bethesda Church, Peters burg. The following is a list of the officers and en listed men of the Blair County company of the Sixty- second, viz. : SIXTY-SECOND REGIMENT. Company M. (Date of muster in Aug. 9, 1861, except where noted.) Capt. Richard J. Crozier, res. March 7, 1863. Capt. John H. Murray, pro. to 2d lieut. Sept. 1, 1861 ; to 1st lieut. Dec. 13, 1862; to capt. March 7, 1863; must, out with company Aug. 15, 1864. First Lieut. Stephen C. Potts, died Dec. 14, 1862, of wounds received at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13,1862. First Lieut. Robert N. Martin, pro. from 1st sergt. to 1st lieut. May 1, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 15, 1864. Second Lieut. Andrew T. Howden, must, in July 4, 1861 ; pro. to q.m. Aug. 21, 1861. Second Lieut. Patrick Morris, died July 11, 1863, of wounds received at Gettysburg July 2, 1863; buried in National Cemetery, section A, grave 86. First Sergt. John Muflfty, pro. from corp. to sergt. Dec. 15, 1862 ; to 1st sergt. July 21, 1864 ; must, out with company July 15, 1864. 138 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. First Sergt. John R. Gardner, trans, to 91st Regt. P. V. July 20, 1864; veteran. Sergt Samuel Herr, pro. from corp. to sergt May 1, 1864 ; must out with company Aug. 15, 1864. Sergt. Joseph C Sweirs, pro. from corp. to sergt. May 9, 1864; must, out with company Aug. 15, 1864. Sergt. William G. Rhule, pro. from corp. to sergt. July 21, 1864; must out with company Aug. 15, 1864. Sergt. Matthew C. Wilson, trans, to 91st Regt. P. V. July 20, 1864; veteran. Sergt. George G. Kress, killed at Wilderness May 8, 1864 ; buried in Wilderness burial-groundB ; vet. Corp. Thomas Green, pro. to Corp. Dec. 15, 1862 ; must, out with com pany Aug. 15, 1864. Corp. Patrick Brady, pro. to corp. Sept. 1,1863; must, out with company Aug. 15, 1864. Corp. Jonathan Ginter, pro. to corp. May 1, 1864; must, out with com pany Aug. 15, 1864. Corp. H. B. Fleninken, must, in Aug. 11,1861 ; pro. to corp. July 1,1864; must, out with company Aug. 15, 1864. Corp. Charles F. Huyo, must, in Aug. 11, 1861 ; pro. to corp. July 1, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug. 15, 1864. Corp. Dill Blackstone, pro. to corp. July 1, 1864 ; must, out with com pany Aug. 15, 1864. Corp. Harrison H. Snyder, pro. to corp. July 21, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug. 15, 1864. Corp. Thomas Maloy, disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 18, 1862. Corp. Thomas Connelly, disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 12, 1862. Corp. Henry S. Devine, disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 18, 1862. Corp. Samuel McKinney, disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 22, 1862. Corp. Thomas Conden, must, in Nov. 1, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Not. 10, 1863. Corp. Henry S. Galloway, disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 5, 1864. Corp. William J. Blair. Corp. Thomas HenBly, missing at Spottsylvania Court-House May 12, 1864. Musician James Curran, disch. on surg. certif. June, 1862. Musician Richard P. Brunker, disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 9, 1863. Musician Edward D. Garden, must in Jan. 1, 1864 ; trans, to 91st Regt. P. V. July 20, 1864. Abbott, Peter M., must, in July 4, 1861 ; absent at muster out. Anthony, Raynard S., must in Aug. 26, 1863 ; substitute ; trans, to 91st Regt. P. V. July 20, 1864. Apple, Jacob, must, in July 10, 1863 ; trans, to 91st Regt. P. V. July 20, 1864. Bell, George, must, in July 4, 1861 ; wounded and taken prisoner May 8, 1864; must, out June 2, 1865. Byers, Walter P., wounded at Gettysburg; absent iu hospital at muster out. Beales, John, disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 22, 1862. Brannon, Michael, disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 5, 1863. Brannon, William, disch. on surg. certif. March 13, 1864. Brindle, Emanuel, disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 15, 1862. Burkhire, William, must, in Aug. 29, 186S; substitute; disch. on surg. certif. March 26, 1864. Baker, John, must, in July 16, 1863; trans, to 91st Regt. P. V. July 20, • 1864. Baughmau, David, must, in Feb. 10, 1862 ; trans, to 91st Regt P. V. July 20,1864; vet. Berger, Reuben, must, in Feb. 17, 1864 ; trans, to 91st Regt P. V. July 20, 1864. Burke, James, trans, to Vet. Res. Corps Nov. 1, 1863. Brannon, Patrick, killed at Gaines' Mill, Va., June 27, 1862. Brown, William, must, in Feb. 19, 1862. Biddle, Charles, died at Minor's Hill, Va., Oct. 28, 1861. Bertren, Peter, must in Sept. 9, 1861; died May 5, 1863, of wounds re ceived at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Campbell, L., absent, sick, at muster out. Cassiday, Michael, must, out with company Aug. 15, 1864. Cox, Levi A., must, iu July 15, 1863 ; disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 19, 1863. Clark, John, trans, to 91st Regt. P. V. July 20, 1864 ; vet. Campbell, John, died at Fort Corcoran, Va., September, 1861. Comelie, Thomas. Dunlap, Franklin, must, out with company Aug. 15, 1864. Davis, John A., must, in Oct. 22, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 19, Dernell, Jonathan, must, iu July 16,1863; trans, to 91st Regt. P.V, July 20, 1864. Davis, Robert, must, in Nov. 22, 1861 ; killed at Gaines' Mill, Va., June 27, 1862. Eaton, Hannibal V., died Oct. 8, 1862. Elder, Reuben, must, in March 31, 1864 ; died May 15, 1864, of woundl received at Spottsylvania Court-House May 12, 1864. Finney, Orrin P., must, out with company Aug. 15, 1864. Frederick, Benjamin F., trans, to 91st Regt. P. V. July 20, 1864; vet. Fitzsiminons, James, must, in Feb. 13, 1862 ; trans, to 91st Regt. P.V. July 20, 1864; vet. Freeman, James E., muBt. in July 13, 1863; trans, to 91at Begt. P. V. July 20, 1864. Garber, Jacob, must, in Aug. 17, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. Garber, Charles, must in July 4, 1861 ; must, out July 4, 1864, expiration of term. Horn, Levi A., must, out with company Aug. 15, 1864. Halloren, Charles, must, out with company Aug. 16, 1864. Henshy, John B., must, in Sept. 17, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 24 1852. Holder, John, must, in Sept. 2, 1861; disch. on surg. certif. June 16, 1863. Hamilton, John, must, in July 1 6, 1863 ; trans, to 91st Regt. P. V. July 20, 1864. Hanna, Matthew, must in July lfi, 1863 ; trans, to 91st Regt. P. V. July 20, 1864. Herst, Jacob, trans, to Vet. Res. Corps Sept. 5, 1863. Hunter, Benjamin P., killed at Gaines' Mill, Va., June 27, 1862. Hewitt, Thomas, died Jan. 6, 1863. Johnston, Hugh, must, out with company Aug. 15, 1864. Jones, James, must, out with company Aug. 15, 1864. Jordon, Sylvester, must, iu March 31, 1864; trans, to 91st Regt. P.V. July 20, 1864. Lennihan, Richard P., captured at Laurel Hill, Va., May 9, 1864. Leonard, Nathaniel, absent at muster out. Lane, George, disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 22, 1862. Leer, John, disch. on surg. certif. September, 1861. Lindsay, William, trans, to 91st Regt. P. V. June 20, 1864 ; vet. Landon, Joel. Long, John, must, in Feb. 25, 1862 ; died Jan. 13, 1862 of wounds reed. at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862 ; buried at Alexandria, Vs., grave 684. Mark, Michael, must, out with company Aug. 15, 1864. Malone, Christian, disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 24, 1863. Morrow, Wilson, disch. on surg. certif. February, 1862. Murray, Martin J., must, in July 13, 1863 ; trans, to 91st Regt. P. V. July 20, 1864. Mcllwain, William, must, out with company Aug. 15, 1864. McCabe, Edward, must, out with company Aug. 15, 1864. McCoy, Francis, must, out with company Aug. 15, 1864. McCool, John, must, in January, 1862; disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 26; 1862. McCandless, David, must, in July 15, 1863 ; trans, to 91st Regt. P. V, July 20, 1864. Mclntire, William, must, in March 31, 1864; trans, to 91st Regt. P. V. July 20, 1864. MaCall, James, must, in Aug. 25, 1863 ; died at Bealton Station, Vs., Dec. 17, 1863. McKinley, George, died at Minor's Hill, Va., December, 1861. Nolan, William, disch. on surg. certif. May 5,1863. Nicodemus, Samuel, trans, to 91st Regt. P. V. July 20, 1864; vet. Norton, William, must, in July 14, 1863 ; substitute ; trans, to 91«t Regt. P. V. July 20, 1864. Orr, William, missing at Spottsylvania Court-House May 12, 1864. O'Connor, William, must, in July 16, 1863 ; trans, to 91st Regt P. V, July 20, 1864. Printzler, 0. P. R., must, in July 10, 1863 ; trans, to 91st Regt. P.V. Jul? 20, 1864. Rush, Samuel, must, in Feb. 19, 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Res. CorpB Sept. 16; 1863. Rumbaugh, William, must, in July 17, 1863; trans, to 91st Regt. P.V. July 20, 1864. Smith, Isaac, must, out with company Aug. 15, 1864. Shade, Henry, must, out with company Aug. 15, 1864. Stineman, Matthew C, wounded at Gettysburg, Pa.; absent at muster out. Scotts, Andrew J., disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 1,1863. WAR OF THE REBELLION. 139 Saltgiver, George, must, in Aug. 27, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Maroh 25, 1863. Sellers, George, disch. Oct 6, 1862, for wounds reed, at Gaines' Mill, Va., June 27, 1862. Sharrer, Daniel, must, in Feb. 7, 1862 ; disch. Oct. 6, 1862, for wounds reed, at Gaines' Mill, Va., June 27, 1862. Smath, John, disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 6, 1863, Shade, William, trans, to 91st Regt. P. V. July 20, 1864 ; vet. Shaffer, John, trans, to 91st Regt. P. V. July 20, 1864 ; vet. Seybert, Samuel W., muBt in Aug. 31, 1863 ; substitute ; trans, to 91st Regt. P. V. July 20, 1864. Stolla, Frederick, must, in July 10, 1868 ; trans, to 91st Regt P. V. July 20, 1864. Stoughton, Elisha, must, in July 16, 1863 ; trans, to 91st Regt P. V. July 20, 1864. Steele, James B., must, in July 17, 1863 ; trans, to 91st Regt. P. V. July 20, 1864. Tipton, Samuel B., trans, to 91st Regt. P. V. July 20, 1864 ; vet. Widensall, John, must, out with company Aug. 16, 1864. Wensel, Frederick, absent, sick, at muster out. Watkins, Thomas, disch. on surg. certif. June, 1862. Watson, George M., disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 15, 1863. CHAPTER XXII. MILITARY— WAR OF THE REBELLION.— (Continued.) THE SEVENTY-SIXTH AND SEVENTY-SEVENTH REGIMENTS. The Seventy-sixth. Regiment was raised in the fall of 1861, and organized at Camp Cameron, Har risburg, under the following-named field-officers, viz. : Colonel, John M. Power ; Lieutenant-Colonel, D. H. Wallace; and Major, Oliver M. Irvine, of Blair County. Two companies of the regiment were raised in Blair County, viz. : Companies C and F. The regiment left Harrisburg on the 19th of No vember, 1861, and proceeded to Fortress Monroe, and thence by ocean transports to South Caro lina to join the expeditionary forces which had previously gone forward to Beaufort, in that State, under command of Gen. T. W. Sherman. Arriving at Hilton Head on the 8th of December, it was as signed to the brigade of Gen. H. G. Wright, and in that command passed the winter in the delightful climate of lower South Carolina, engaged in camp and picket duty and the erection of defensive works. On the 8th of April, 1862, eight companies of the regiment embarked at Hilton Head (leaving F and A companies behind at that place) and proceeded to Tybee Island, near the mouth of Savannah River, to assist in the projected assault on Fort Pulaski. On the 10th the batteries were opened on the fort, which surrendered on the 11th without an assault of infantry. The regiment returned to Hilton Head on the 19th, and remained there till the 30th of May, when it moved to North Edisto Island, and on the 1st of June to John's Island, to take part with other troops in an attack on Charleston. It moved to Legareville on the 5th of June, and ten days later the attack was made, but was unsuccessful, and the troopswithdrew. During the remainder of the summer and part of the fall the regiment remained in comparative inaction. On the 27th of September Maj. Irvine resigned, and Capt. Cyrus Diller was promoted to the majority. On the 22d of October the Seventy-sixth (then under command of Col. D. C. Strawbridge) marched on an expedition for the purpose of breaking the railroad communication between Charleston and Sa vannah by the destruction of the long and high trestle-work at Pocotaligo. A strong force of Con federates was encountered and a severe battle resulted, in which the Seventy-sixth took prominent part, and suffered a loss of seventy-five killed and wounded. Among the former was Capt. Henry Wayne, and among the wounded Lieut. Gwin, both of F com pany. From this time, for more than eight months, the regiment was employed in picketing and ordinary military duty on St. Helena and others of the Sea Islands. On the 6th of July, 1863, it moved with the other regiments of the brigade commanded by Gen. George C. Strong to Morris Island, in Charleston Harbor, to take part in an assault on Fort Wagner. In the morning of the 10th a tremendous cannonade was opened on the fort by the Union batteries and ironclads, and was continued for more than two hours, at the end of which time Strong's brigade (including the Seventy-sixth) moved forward to the attack, and gallantly carried the shore batteries. At about sun rise on the following morning the Seventy-sixth and the Seventh Connecticut Regiment assaulted the main work (Wagner), but were repulsed with a loss to the Seventy-sixth of fifty-two killed and one hundred and thirty-five wounded, among the latter of whom was Maj. John W. Hicks, of Blair County. On the evening of the 18th of July the regiment joined in another assault more fierce and determined than the former one, and in this Gen. Strong, commander of the brigade, and Col. Robert G. Shaw, of the Fifty- fourth Massachusetts Regiment, were killed. In this action, however, the Seventy-sixth Pennsylvania suf fered much less than in the previous assault, losing only nineteen killed and wounded. On the 2d of August the regiment moved to Hilton Head, where it remained many months, picketing, and occupying adjacent points by detachments. During this time (December 20th) Maj. Hicks was promoted to the grade of lieutenant-colonel. The regiment remained in the South till the first part of May, 1864, when, with its corps, it was trans ported to Virginia, and there attached to the Army of the James, under Gen. B. F. Butler, at Bermuda Hundred. On a reconnoissance made by the brigade soon after its arrival, the Seventy-sixth lost sixty-one killed, wounded, and missing, in an action at the Weldon Railroad, the destruction of which was the object of the expedition. The enemy's force retired and concentrated at Fort Darling (Drury's Bluff), on the James River, below Richmond, where they were reinforced by Wise's Legion, and attacked in turn on the 16th of May, gaining a decided advantage. 140 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Fighting was continued for several days afterwards, without resulting in a general engagement. On the 27th of May the regiment, with its division (the Second of the Tenth Corps), embarked and proceeded down the James and up the York and Pamunkey Rivers to White House Landing, where it joined the Army of the Potomac about the time when it was taking position at Cold Harbor, where the regiment took part, and sustained heavy loss in the tremendous battles of the 1st, 2d, and 3d of June. After these en gagements it moved, with its division, across the Chick ahominy and James Rivers, and rejoined the Army of the James on the 15th of June, and was at once sent out with a force to destroy the railroads. On the 23d it joined the lines of the Army of the Potomac before Petersburg. It was on active duty at the mine explo sion (July 30th), and suffered considerable loss. From the 13th to 17th of August it was daily under fire at Deep Bottom and vicinity. On the evening of the 24th of August the enemy attacked vigorously, driving in the outposts. Early the next morning Lieut. George H. Gwin, with a detachment of the Seventy-sixth, made an attack on that part of the Confederate posi tion and re-established the line, taking twenty pris oners. From that time for more than a month the regi ment was almost daily engaged iu fighting and skir mishing. On the 29th of September it was engaged at Chapin's Farm and the taking of Fort Harrison, losing heavily. It also took part in the attack on Fort Gilmore, and fought at Hatcher's Run and at Darbytown, in the afternoon of October 27th, with considerable loss, having been under fire during the entire day. In December, 1864, the regiment accom panied Gen. Butler's expedition against Fort Fisher, which proved a sad failure, and a new one was fitted out under command of Gen. Terry, the Seventy-sixth forming part of the forces composing it. The expe dition started from Hampton Roads on the 6th of January, 1865, and arrived at Beaufort, N. C, on the 8th. The troops landed near. Fort Fisher on the 13th, and threw up works. On the 15th the fleet opened on the fort, and kept up a terrific bombardment, un der cover of which three brigades (including that to which the Seventy-sixth belonged) moved to the as sault. The work was defended with desperation, but finally surrendered after the loss of its commander, Gen. Whiting. The Seventy-sixth suffered very se verely in this assault, numbering among its killed Capt. Thomas L. McGlathery, of F company. The regimental colors, carried by Corp. Albert Sanders, of Company C, was torn and shredded by shells and canister until a mere fragment remained on the staff. After the capture of Fort Fisher the Seventy-sixth moved to Wilmington, and thence to Raleigh, N. C, where it remained until July 15th, when (the war in the mean time having been ended by the surrender of the Confederate armies of. Lee and Johnston) it moved to Wilmington, and from thence the. men of the regiment returned by sea to their homes in Penn sylvania. The lists of officers and enlisted men of the Blair County companies of the Seventy-sixth Regiment are given, as follows : SEVENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT. Company C. (Date of muster in Oct. 17, 1861, except where noted.) Capt. John W. Hicks, pro. to maj. May 1, 1863. Capt. Alfred Hicks, pro. from 2d to 1st lieut. Sept 2, 1862, to capt. May 1, 1863 ; must, out Nov. 28, 1864, expiration of term. Capt. John McNevin, pro. from q.m.-sergt. to 2d lieut. Oct. 10, 1864 to capt Feb. 17. 1865 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; vet. First Lieut. George S. Hower, died at Hilton Head, S. C, Sept. 2, 1862. First Lieut. Joseph Harlin, pro. from 1st sergt. Feb. 17, 1865; must. out with company July 18, 1865. Second Lieut. Joseph D. Kuch, pro. from 1st sergt, Sept. 2, 1862; disch. April 16, 1863. Second Lieut. Philn. N. Hicks, Sr., pro. from sergt. Feb. 14, 1864; disch. Aug. 19, 1864. Second Lieut. Benjamin White, wounded at Darbytown Road, Va., Oct. 27, 1864 ; pro. from 1st sergt April 10, 1865 ; must, out with com pany July 18, 1865 ; vet. First Sergt Henry Smith, pro. from sergt. April 19, 1865 ; must out with company July 18, 1865: vet. First Sergt George W. Cruse, must, in Aug. 28, 1861; must, out Aug. 28, 1864, expiration of term. Sergt. Charles M. Gates, pro. from corp. March 15, 1865 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; vet. Sergt. Martin Gates, absent, sick, at muster out. Sergt. William R. Smith, pro. from corp. April 19, 1865 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; vet. Sergt. Albert Sanders, pro. from corp. March 15, 1865 ; must, out with oompany July 18, 1865 ; vet. Sergt. Andrew J. White, disch. on surg. certif. June 3, 1863. Sergt. William Robison, disch. on surg. certif. June 3, 1864. Sergt. James S. McCartney, disch. on surg. certif. June 5, 1864. Sergt. William R. Mowrey, captured; died at Richmond, Va., Jan. 31, 1864. Corp. George Davis, muBt out with company July 18, 1865; vet. Corp. James D. Davis, wounded at Fort Fisher, N. C, Jan. 15", 1865; ab sent at muster out ; vet. Corp. Adam Hainzey, pro. to corp. March 15, 1865 ; must, out with com pany July 18, 1865; vet. Corp. Henry H. Hewitt, must, in S* pt. 23, 1863 ; pro. to Corp. March 15, 1865; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; vet. Corp. Job n F. Hoover, pro. to corp. March 15, 1865 ; must out with com. pany July 18, 1865 ; vet. Corp. Martin Ounkst, must, in Feb, 24, 1864; pro. to corp. March 15, 1865 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; vet. Corp. Abraham Beals, pro. to corp. March 15, 1865 ; must, out with com pany July 18, 1865 ; vet. Corp. Daniel Downs, must, out Nov. 28, 1864, expiration of term. Corp. Peter Wilderson, disch. on surg. certif. March 21, 1863. Corp. William Champeno, disch. on surg. certif. Aug. 24, 1864. Corp. Michael Pote, pro. to q.m.-sergt. March 15, 1865 ; vet. Corp. Samuel Flynn, killed at Chesterfield Heights, Va., May 7, 1864 ; burial rec, died at Andersonville, Ga., October, 1864 ; grave 10,667 ; vet. Corp. John Curry, died Oct. 13, 1864; buried at Hampton, Va. Corp. Thomas D. Neely, killed at Fort Wagner, S. C, July 11, 1863, Corp. Benjamin F. Marks, died of woundB received at Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864 ; vet. Musician Thomas Lloyd, must, in Feb. 24, 1864; must out with com pany July 18, 1865 ; vet Musician James Snyder, must, out with company July 18, 1865; vet. Andrews, John C, must, in Feb. 24, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Anderson, John, must, in Feb. 24, 1864 ; substitute : must, out with company July 16, 1865. Ayers, William R., must, out Nov. 8, 1864, expiration of term. Allen, Samuel, must, in Nov. 20,1861; disch; on surg. certif. July 14, 1862. WAR OF THE REBELLION. 141 Applebaugh, C. E., must, in Feb. 21, 1865 ; substitute ; pro. to sergt-maj. July 8, 1865. Bold, Thomas, absent, sick, at must, out ; vet. Bowen, Thomas, must, in June 4, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Bonnell, James, must, in Feb. 17, 1865; substitute ; must, out with com pany July 18, 1865. Ball, Elias B., must, in Jan. 19, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. July 31, 1865. Breeze, Samuel, must out Nov. 28, 1864, expiration of term. Brown, Anson G., must in Feb. 16, 1865 ; substitute ; disch. by G. 0. June 10, 1865. Brownson, Isaac W., must in Dec. 13, 1864; died at Raleigh, N. C, June 11, 1865. Bomgardner, Zach., killed at Chesterfield Heights, Va., May 7, 1864. Oonklin, John, must, in Feb. 18, 1865; substitute; disch. by G. 0. July 2, 1865. Oollagan, Michael, disoh. by surg. certif. June 22, 1863. Chamberlain, W. P., must, out Nov. 28, 1864, expiration of term. Ourran, James, must, in Feb. 27, 18G4; disch. on surg. certif. June 4, 1865. Orawford, William, killed at Pocotaligo, S. C, Oct. 22, 1862. Cox, John, died July 18, 1863, of wounds received at Fort Wagner, S. C. Duffey, John, must, in June 4, 1864 ; must out with company July 18, 1865. Duffey, Patrick, must, in Feb. 23, 1865; substitute; absent, sick, at must, out Dayton, John M., must, in July 23, 1863 ; disch. by G. 0. July 15, 1865. Dunn, William, must in July 14, 1863; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps.; diBch. by G. 0. Aug. 14, 1865. Dehaven, Absalom, must, in July 13, 1863 ; disch. by G. 0. May 16, 1865. Dunlap, Wimam, must out Nov. 28, 1864, expiration of term. Dasher, John W., must in Feb. 19, 1862; wounded at Fort Wagner, S. C, July 18, 1863 ; must out expiration of term. Deafabaugh, Adam, must out Nov. 28, 1864, expiration of term. Deafabaugh, Thomas, must out Nov. 28, 1854, expiration of term. Davis, Joshua V., disch. on surg. certif. March 3, 1863. Dasher, Samuel, trans, to Vet. Res. Corps April 28, 1864. Dasher, Levi, died at Hilton Head, S. C, April 17, 1863. Denuisou, Jos. S., must, in Dec. 30, 1863; died at Hampton, Va., Sept. 12, 1864; burial record Aug. 12, 1864. Davis, James, must in Feb. 16, 1865 ; substitute. Evans, CharleB W.,muat. in June 2, 1864; must out with company July 18, 1865. Flick, Thomas, must, in Aug. 24, 1863 ; disch. by G. 0. June 7, 1865. Fetzer, Michael, must, in July 18, 1864 ; must out with company July 18. 1865. Francis, Albert must, in Feb. 23, 1865 ; substitute ; must, out with com pany July 18, 1865. Frntchey, Christian, must in Jan. 19, 1865; disch. by G. 0. July 13, 1865. Fitzgerald, Patrick, muBt. in- Feb. 18, 1865; substitute; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Fredergill, Thomas, must, in Nov. 1, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Sept. 5, 1862. Flannington, James, must, iu Feb. 21, 1865 ; substitute. Gneser, Adam, must, in July 13, 1863 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Gross, John, must, in Feb. 21,1865; substitute; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Goutard, Adolph, must in July 25, 1863; disch. by G. 0. July 18, 1865. Gibbony, John C, must in Feb. 22, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Gates, M. V. B., must, out Nov. 28, 1864, expiration of term. Gates, George W., diBch. on surg. certif. March 28, 1863. Greene, Edward S., must out Nov. 28, 1864, expiration of term. Glunt, Jacob, killed at Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864; vet. Good, John, killed at Petersburg, Va., Aug. 16, 1864; vet. Garland, Moses K., must, in March 28,1864; died at Chapin's Farm,Va., Jan. 1, 1865. Hoover; John D., must, in Aug. 26, 1863; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Hendershot, S., must, in Aug. 25, 1863; must out with company July 18,1865. Hancock, John, must, in July 13, 1863; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Hagerty, Henry, must, in Aug. 27, 1863 ; wounded at Darbytown Road, Va., Oct. 27, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. July 1, 1865. Hagerty, Isaac, must, in Aug. 27, 1863 ; absent, in confinement, at must. out. Hall, John, must in July 22, 1863 ; must out with company July 18, 1865. Hall, Isaiah F., must in Feb. 17, 1865 ; substitute ; must, out with com pany July 18, 1865. Hawley, Isaac, must, in Aug. 27, 1863 ; absent, sick, at must. out. Hetrick, Andrew G., must in Aug. 26,1863; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Hainley, Christian, must in Feb. 23, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Henderson, William, must, in Feb. 23, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Hoover, George S., must, in Feb. 27, 1864 ; must out with company July 18, 1865. Helsel, Edward, must, out Nov. 28, 1861, expiration of term. Hicks, Phil. N., Jr., must in Feb. 24, 1864 ; pro. to q.m.-sergt. Sept. 7, 1864. Hook, Maddock, must, out Nov. 28, 1864, expiration of term. Hainzey, John, must out Nov. 28, 1864, expiration of term. Hainzey, George, must out Nov. 28, 1864, expiration of term. Hoover, Thomas L., disch. on surg. certif. June 8, 1864. Hale, Henry, must, in Nov. 1, 1861 ; disch. on surg, certif. Feb. 1, 1863. Howe, Robert, prisoner from July 11, 1863, to Nov. 20, 1864; must out Nov. 25, 1864, expiration of term. Hall, George, disch. on surg. certif. March 24, 1863. Higley, Daniel M., must, in Aug. 27, 1863; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 14, 1864. Hendrick, Otis N., must, in Sept. 4, 1863 ; killed at Drury's Bluff, Va.f May 16, 1864. Hall, Samuel S., must, iu Jan. 19, 18135 ; died at Wilmington, N. C, April 15, 1865. Irvin, John S., must, in Feb. 21, 1865; substitute; must, out with com pany July 18, 1865. Jordon, William T., must, in Aug. 27, 1863 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Jenkins, John, must out Nov. 28, 1864, expiration of term. Keener, William F., must, in Aug. 13, 1863; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Kline, George W., must in Aug. 27, 1863 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Keesegle, Adam, must, in Aug. 27, 1863 ; absent, sick, at must, out Kaisley, William, must, in Nov. 1, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 1, 1862. King, Watson S., muBt. in Aug. 24, 1863 ; disch. on surg. certif. June 5, 1865. Kegrise, Ebenezer, killed at Fort Wagner, S. C, July 11, 1863. Kenter, Robert F., must, in Aug. 27, 1863 ; died at Point of Rocks, Md., Jan. 15, 1865 ; buried in National Cemetery, City Point, Va., section A, division 4, grave 52. Kelley, James H., must, in July 14, 1863 ; died at Wilmington, N. C, April 18, 1865. King, Thomas D., must, in Dec. 31, 1863; died at Portsmouth, Va., July 17, 1864. Langdon, Harrison, must, iu Feb. 20, 1865; substitute; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Luther, Francis, must, in Jan. 25, 1865 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Laise, John, must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; vet Ling, John, must, out Nov. 28, 1864, expiration of terra. Ling, William, must, out Nov. 28, 1864, expiration of term. Lorenz, John B., must out Nov. 28, 1864, expiration of term. Lang, James, disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 1, 1862. Lyninger, Edward, killed at Drury's Bluff, Va., May 16, 1864; vet. Lingafelter, A. J., must in Aug. 26, 1863 ; disch. by G. 0. May 30, 1865. Moore, John W., must in Feb. 24, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865 ; vet. Marks, Jacob, must out with company July 18, 1865. Miller, Henry, uiust out with company July 18, 1865; vet Montgomery, T., absent, Bick, at must out; vet. Moutz, John, must, in Feb. 20, 1865 ; substitute ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Mowry, Thomas, must, out Nov. 28, 1864, expiration of teim. Moore, Jesse, must out Nov. 28, 1864, expiration of term. Moyer, Michael, must in Feb. 14, 1865 ; substitute ; died at Raleigh, N. C, July 5, 1865. Mason, Patrick, must, in Feb. 21, 1865 ; substitute. 142 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. McKeehan, W. L., must, out Nov. 28, 1864, expiration of term. McConnell, John A., must, out Nov. 28, 1864, expiration of term. Nolan, John, must, in Feb. 20,1865; substitute; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Ounkst, Daniel, must, in Feb. 24, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865; vet. Packard, Eden, must in Feb. 17, 1865 ; substitute ; disch. by G. 0. July 15, 1866. Pond, William, must, in Feb. 17, 1865 ; substitute ; must, out with com pany July 18, 1865. ParBhan, Abdol, must, in March 14, 1865 ; absent, sick, at must. out. Robison, John, must, in July 23, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Beish, Juseph, must, in Feb. 18, 1865 ; substitute ; must, out with com pany July 18, 1865. Ramage, Thomas R., must, out Nov. 28, 1864, expiration of term. Reddy, Henry, disch. on surg. certif. May 9, 1862. Rork, Joseph H., must, in Nov. 1, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 1, 1862. Reddick, Franklin, died at Federal Point, N. C, Fob. 10, 1865 ; vet. Smith, David R., must, out with company July 18, 1865. Simpler, William, must, in Feb. 18, 1865 ; substitute ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Schmidt, John, must, in Feb. 18, 1865 ; substitute ; must, out with com pany July 18, 1865. Scott, John, must, in Dec. 31, 1863 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Smith, John, must, out Nov. 28, 1864, expiration of term. Smith, John M., disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 2, 1862. Smith, John (2d), must, in Feb. 20, 1865 ; substitute ; disch. by G. 0. June 25, 1865. Strayer, Henry, disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 2, 1862. Seymour, Edwin, must in Jan. 21, 1865 ; substitute ; disch. by G. 0. June 16, 1865. Tyler, George P., must, in Feb. 18, 1865 ; substitute; must, out with com pany July 18, 1865. Tate, John T., must, out with company July 18, 1865; vet Tate, William W., killed accidentally Dec. 5, 186 1. Treese, Heury, died at Hilton Head, S. C, May 20, 1862. Vaughn, Thomas H., disch. by G. 0. Aug. 18, 1865; vet. Wildoner, Luther G., must, in Oct. 15, 1864; substitute; must out with company July 18, 1865. Wentzell, John, must, in June 2, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Wick, Peter, must, in Feb. 18, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. July 15, 1865. Walker, A udrew, must, in Aug. 27, 1863 ; died of wounds received in ac tion May 16, 1864. Williams, James, killed at Pocotaligo, S. 0, Oct. 22, 1862. Zeeke, Lewis R., killed at Fort Wagner, S. C, July 11, 1863. Company F. . Capt. Henry Wayne, must, in Nov. 6, 1861 ; killed at Pocotaligo, S. C, Oct. 22, 1862. Capt. Joseph R. Findley, must in Nov. 6, 1861 ; pro. from 1st lieut. to capt. Oct. 22, 1862 ; disch. Oct. 4, 1864. Capt. T. L. McGlathery, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; pro. from 1st sergt. to 2d lieut. June 20, 1864 ; to capt. Jan. 2, 1865 ; killed at Fort Fisher, N. C, Jan. 15, 1865. Capt. James H. McDivit, must, in July 16, 1863 ; pro. from 1st sergt. to 1st lieut. Jan. 3, 1865 ; to capt. Feb. 17, 1865 ; res. May 27, 1865. Capt William Blanck, Jr., must, in Nov. 21, 1861 ; pro. from hospital steward to 1st lieut. March 1, 1865 ; to capt. June 30, 1865 ; must. out with company July 18, 1865 ; vet. 1st Lieut. George H. Gwinn, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; wounded at Poco taligo, S. C, Oct. 22, 1862; pro. from 2d lieut. to 1st lieut. Oct 23, 1862 ; to brevet capt and brevet maj. April 13, 1865; must, out with company Nov. 28, 1864, expiration of term. 2d Lieut Joseph W. Cannon, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; pro. from 1st sergt. to 2d lieut. Oct. 23, 1862; disch. April 1, 1863. 2d Lieut. John Hubert, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; pro. from 1st sergt. to 2d lieut. April 19, 1865 ; com. 1st lieut. June 13, 1865 ; not must. ; must. out with company July 18, 1865 ; vet. 1st Sergt. James M. Null, must, in July 13, 1863 ; pro. to corp. March 6, 1865; to 1st. sergt. May 1, 1865 ; com. 1st lieut. July 1,1865; not must.; must, out with company July 18, 1865. 1st Sergt. Thomas Morgan, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; must, out Nov. 28 1864, expiration of term. Sergt. John N. Detwiler, must, in Jan. 1, 1864 ; absent, sick, at must out. Segt. George Boyle, must, in Jan. 1,1864; absent without leave at mm. ter out ; veteran. Sergt. William Miller, must in Feb. 1,1864; pro. to sergt March U 1865; must, out with company July 18, 1865; veteran. Sergt. John Shay, must, in Aug. 21,1863; pro. to sergt July 1 1855. com. 2d lieut. July 1, 1865 ; not must. ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Sergt. James A. Gwin, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Sergt. William H. Moore, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; disch. Oct 18, 1862. Sergt Peter Fogel, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; must, out Nov, 28, 1864 ei. piration of term. Sergt. William A. Kline, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif Sergt. Alexander R. Gwin, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; killed at Fort Wag. ner, S. C, July 18, 1863. Sergt. Lucius A. Hurlbert, must, in Aug. 27, 1863 ; disch. by G. 0. June 28, 1865. Sergt. John A. Boyles, must, in Oct. 28, 1861; died at Charleston S.C. July 20, 1863. Corp. George Snyder, must, in Aug. 26, 1863 ; wounded at Darbytown Road, Va., Oct. 27, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Corp. Augustus Barker, must, in July 18, 1863; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Corp. George McKenna, must, in July 9, 1863 ; pro. to Corp. March 6 1865; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Corp. Henry Rutter, must, in July 16, 1863; pro. to corp. March 6, 1865' must, out with company July 18, 1865. Corp. Abel Morrison, must, in Aug. 26,1863; pro. to corp. May 4,1865' must, out with company July 18, 1865. Corp. John Rockwell, must in Feb. 21,1865; substitute ;T>ro. to corp. June 7, 1865 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Corp. George R. Benton, must, in Feb. 22, 1864 ; pro. to corp. July 7, 1865 ¦ must, out with company July 18, 1865. Corp. Thomas Chubb, must, in March 3, 1865 ; pro. to corp. July 7, 1865 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Corp. Albert D. Moore, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. April 4, 1863. Corp. Henry A. Miller, must in Oct. 28, 1861 ; must, out Nov. 6, 1864, expiratiou of term. Corp. John Lafferty, must, in Oct 28, 1861 ; must, out Nov. 5, 1864, ex piration of term. Corp. Daniel Clark, must, in Nov. 8, 1861 ; disch. Nov. 7, 1864, expira tion of term. Corp. Casper Wicker, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; must, out Nov. 28, 1864, expiration of term. Corp. Nicholas McCollough, must, in July 16, 1863 ; disch. by G. 0. May 24, 1865. Corp. David A. Moore, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. April 4, 1862. Corp. Adie F. Irwin, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; must, out Jan. 12, 1865, ex piration of term. Corp. John McLaughlin, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; discn. July 13, 1862. Corp. James McCormick, must, in Nov. 6, 1861 ; pro. to sergt-major. Corp. Charles EvanB, must in Nov. 6, 1861 ; pro. to sergt. Co. K. Corp. James H. Hughes, must, in Oct. 28, 1861; killed at Chesterflera Heights, Va., May 7, 1864. Corp. Richard M. Bell, must, in Nov. 6, 1861 ; killed at Drury's Bluff, Va., May 14, 1864. Corp. John W. Martin, must in Oct. 28, 1861; killed at Chesterfield Heights, Va., May 7, 1864. Corp.Enoch Hiukson,must.inNov.8,1861 ; killed at Fort Wagner,S.C, July 15, 1863. Corp. Miles Kinsel, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; killed in action July 9, 1864. Corp. Cornelius Walker, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; killed at Fort Wagner, S. 0, July 11, 1863. Musician William W. Long, must, in Oct. 10, 1864 ; substitute ; must out with company J uly 18, 1865. Musician Joseph Ritter, must, in Oct. 10,1864; substitute; must, out with company July 18, 1865. -. - Musician James G. Stewart, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; muBt. out Nov. 28' 1864, expiration of term. Musician William H. Wayne, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; must, out Nov.28, 1864, expiration of term. Musician John M. Knox, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; killed at Cold Harbor, Va., July 1, 1864. Atwell, James E., must, in Aug. 27, 1863 ; disch. by G. 0. June 22, 1865 WAR OF THE REBELLION. 143 (Date of muster in of balance of company, Oct. 28, 1861, except where noted.) Ayers, James M., must in Oct. 28, 1861 ; must out Nov. 23, 1864, expi ration of term. Ayers, John J., must out Nov. 28, 1864, expiration of term. Adair, William S., must, in Oct. 2, 1863, ; died at Salisbury, N. 0., Nor. 27, 1864. Bollinger, John, must, in July 14, 1863 ; wounded at Darbytown Boad, Va., Oct. 27, 1864 ; muBt. out with company July 18, 1865. Berker, Frederick, must, in Aug. 25, 1863 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Bishop, John S., trans, from 203d Regt P. V. June 22, 1865 ; absent, Bick, at muster out. Bowser, George W., must, in Feb. 27, 1864 ; absent, sick, at muster out. Broyles, Jacob, must, in Feb. 27, 1864 ; must out witli company July 18, 1865. Bearer, Levi, must, in Oct. 19, 1864; substitute; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Barton, Bright H., must, in Feb. 26, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Brown, James, must, in Feb. 24, 1865 ; substitute ; must, out with com pany July 18, 1865. Buffamoyer, Daniel, must, in Feb. 15, 1865 ; substitute ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Back, Treranian, must out Nov. 28, 1854, expiration of term. Burkhart, William, must, out Nov. 28, 1864, expiration of term. Burkhart, William D., must, out Nov. 28, 1864, expiration of term. Bare, Walter, must, out Nov. 28, 1864, expiration of term. Brown, Nathan, must, out Nov. 28, 1864, expiration of term. Brown, Joseph, must, out Nov. 28, 1864, expiration of term. Ball, William W., must, in Aug. 27, 1863 ; disch. by G. 0. Juno 9, 1865. Brown, James B., killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June 6, 1864. Burkholder, Henry, died at Hilton Head, S. 0., Aug. 23, 1862; burial record Sept. 2, 1862. Buel, Henry G., killed at Fort Wagner, S. 0., July 11, 1863. Boyles, William, killed at Pocotaligo, S. C, Oct. 22, 1862. Bartlebough, Henry, died at Hampton, Va., June 29, 1864, of wounds re ceived in action. Bradley; Thomas, must in March 28, 1 864 ; died June 12, 1864, of wounds received in action. Black, John W., must, in Feb. 13, 1865 ; substitute. Cogsdale, Tyler, must, in Aug. 27, 1863; disch. by G. 0. July 8, 1865. Olemo, Stephen, must, in Sept. 23, 1864; absent, sick, at muBt. out. Cochran, Michael, must, in Feb. 25, 1865 ; substitute ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Crossley, Matthias, must, in Feb. 21, 1865; substitute; died July 21, 1865 ; buried in Cypress Hill Cemetery, Long Island. Conrad, Henry, must, in Dec. 23, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Cooper, Isaac, must, in Feb. 15, 1865 ; substitute ; must, out with com pany July 18, 1865. Couriers, John, disch. on surg. certif. Grossman, Frederick, disch. on surg. certif. April 21, 1863. Chittenden, Abel S., must, in Sept. 23, 1864 ; died at Wilmington, N. 0, May 14, 1865. Dell, Samuel, must, in Feb. 22, 1864; absent, Bick, at must. out. Diehl, William H., must in Feb. 17, 1865; substitute ; disch. by G. 0. June 30, 1865. Diren, Daniel W., must, out Nov. 28, 1864, at expiration of term. Ditch, Henry, disch. on surg. certif. April 4, 1863. Dole, Daniel, must, in Feb. 18, 1864; substitute; disch. by G. 0. June 19, 1865. Dnnham, Joseph, must, in Aug. 25, 1863 ; disch. by G. 0. June 12, 1865. Delaney, John, died at Hilton Head, S. 0, Nov. 8, 1862. Daniels, John, must, in Oct 16, 1861. Frank, William, must in Oct. 14, 1864 ; substitute ; disch. July 13, 1865. Freeman, Spencer, must, in Aug. 25, 1863; absent, sick, at muBt. out. Fairen, Martin, must, in Feb. 21, 1865 ; substitute ; must, out with com pany July 18, 1865. Fleck, Luther E., must. i£$ct. 28, 1861 ; died at Hampton, Va., June 17, 1864, of wounds received in action. Fry, Adam, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; killed at Pocotaligo, S. 0., Oct. 22, 1862. Fry, Levi, must, in Oct. 28, 1861; killed at Fort Wagner, S. C, July 11, 1863. Finley, Stephen, must, in Aug. 27, 1862; killed at Fort Wagner, S. C, July 11, 1863. Gray, John, must, in Feb. 18, 1865 ; substitute ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Grossmnn, Frederick, must, in Feb. 23, 1865 ; substitute ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Grossenbecker, John, must, in Feb. 21, 1866 ; substitute ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Gray, Silas, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; disch. Sept 4, 1862. Gray, Milton, must, in Oct 28, 1861; must, out Nov. 28, 1864, at expira tion of term. Gillen, James, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; must, out Nov. 28, 1864, at expira tion of term. Giboney, George W., must, in Nov. 16, 1861 ; must out Nov. 28, 1864, at expiration of term. Gobies, William, must, in Aug. 27, 1863; died at Hampton, Va., July 20, 1864. Gaines, George, must in Aug. 26, 1863 ; died July 11, 1864. Gillhouse, Albert G., must, in Sept. 18, 1861. Hawley, Isaac, must, in Aug. 26, 1863 ; absent, sick, at must. out. Hopper, Nicholas, must, in Feb. 16, 1865 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Henney, Levi, must, in Aug. 27, 1863 ; disch. by G. 0. June 2, 1866. Hultz, Nathan, must in Aug. 27, 1863 ; disch. by G. 0. June 2, 1865. Hubbard, Michael, must, in Aug. 26, 1863 ; disch. on surg. certif. April 24, 1865. Houseman, Andrew, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; trans, to Signal Corps Oct. 16, 1863. Hempfleld, George, must, in April 24, 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Bos. Corps Deo. 8, 1863. Hench, Frederick, must, in Oct. 28, 1861; died at Hilton Head, S. C, Oct 31, 1862. Hagerty, Joseph, must, in Jan. 1, 1864; killed in action July 9, 1864 ; buried near Fort Steadman, Petersburg, Va.; vet. Hurley, John, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; died at Fortress Monroe, Va., Nor. 30, 1861. Holeman, Edward, must, in Feb. 22, 1865 ; substitute; died at Baleigh, N. 0, June 19, 1865. Irwin, Jacob, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; must, out Nor. 28, 1864, at expira tion of term. Jennings, Michael, must, in Oct 28, 1861 ; must, out Nov. 24, 1864, at ex piration of term. Johnson, John, must, in Sept. 20, 1861. Kelly, Atkinson, must, in Aug. 27, 1863 ; absent, sick, at must. out. Kimball, Festus A., must, in Feb. 10, 1865 ; substitute ; disch. by G. 0. July 14, 1865. Kerns, Thomas, must, in Feb. 22, 1865; substitute; must, out with com pany July 18, 1865. Krotzen, John, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. April 19, K62. Kough, John S., must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; must, out Nov. 28, 1864, at ex piration of term. Kelley, Bandall W., must, in Sept. 23, 1 864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 28, 1865. Kounsman, David, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; killed at Fort Wagner, S. C, July 11, 1863. Kinsel, Jonathan, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; killed at Fort Wagner, S. C, July 11, 1863. Krotzer, Henry, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; died at Salisbury, N. C, Nov. 22, 1864. Kemp, Joseph, must, in Nov. 16, 1861 ; died at Hilton Head, S. C, July 3, 1862. Kounsman, Samuel, must, in March 24, 1862 ; killed at Fort Wagner, S. C, July 11, 1863. Knox, William T., must, in March 24, 1862 ; died at Hilton Head, S. C, July 28, 1862. Laugblin, George W., must, in Feb. 17, 1865 ; substitute ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Lafferty, George, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; must, out Nov. 28, 1864, at ex piration of term. Leffler, William, must, in Sept. 23, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 28, 1865. Logan, James A., must, in Nov. 10, 1861. Langdon, John G., must, in Sept. 12,1861. Martin, Andrew, must, in Feb. 25, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Martiu, Edward, must, in Feb. 29, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. Aug. 16, 1865. Milligan, John, must in Feb. 24, 1865; substitute; must, out with com pany July 18, 1865. Moorehouse, Samuel, muBt. in Feb. 24, 1865; substitute; must, out with company July 18, 1865. 144 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Miller, Edmond, must, in Oct. 18, 1864 ; substitute ; must, out with com pany July 18, 1865. Meadville, Graham, must, in Oct. 28, 1861; prisoner from July 13,1863, to Nov. 21, 1864; must, out March 7, 1865, to date Nov. 26, 1864. Meadville, Peter, must, in Oct. 28, 1861; disch. July 15, 1863. Monland, John, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; disch. June 23, 1863. Miller, George W., must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Miller, James, must, in Sept 26, 1864; disch. by G. 0. June 28, 1865. Matthew, Edward B., must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Mumford, Alonzo 0., must, in Sept. 23, 1864; disch. by G. 0. June 28, 1865. Monroe, Joseph, must, in Sept. 23, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Murray, Henry, muBt. in Feb. 24, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. June 10, 1865. Morgan, John R., must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; killed at Fort Wagner, S. 0., July 11, 1863. McKnell, Albert, must, in Feb. 22, 1865; substitute; must, out with company July 18, 1865. McAninch, William A., must in Feb. 27, 1864; must, out with company July 18, 1865; vet McKeefer, Arthur, must, in July 11, 1863; disch. on surg. certif. April 8, 1865. Noles, Michael, must in Feb. 16,. 1865 ; substitute ; must out with com pany July 18, 1866. Osier, John, must, in July 16, 1863; disch. by G. 0. June 9, 1865. . Oxworth, George, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; trans, to Signal Corps Oct. 13, 1863. Powell, John, must, in Feb. 24, 1864; died at Hampton, Va., Aug. 28, 1864, of wounds received in action. Ray, John M., must, in Sept. 23, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Rogers, Samuel F., must, in Jan. 25, 1865 ; trans, from 203d Regt. P. V. June 22, 1865 ; must out with company July 18, 1865. Reed, William H., must, in Oct. 20, 1864; substitute ; must, out with com pany July 18, 1865. Reed, Thomas, must, in Aug. 26, 1863; disch. on surg. certif. May 8, 1865. Rumbaugh, James, must, in July 13, 1863 ; disch. by G. 0. May 22, 1865. Ragan, Daniel, must, in Oct. 28, 1861; died at Hilton Head, S. C, July 11, 1862. Rolles, Clement, must, in Aug. 25, 1863. Shultz, Dallas, must, in Dec. 28, 1863 ; trans, to Vet. Res. CorpB Sept. 16, 1864; disch. by G. 0. July 31, 1865. Spicer, Charles, must, in Oct. 10, 1864 ; substitute ; must, out with com pany July, 1865. Smurr, Reason, must, in July 16, 1863 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Shall, John, must, in Aug. 11, 1864 ; died at Wilmington, N. C, April 24, 1865. Skipper, August R., must, iu Feb. 24, 1865 ; substitute ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Strawinger, aJohn, must, in Feb. 13, 1865 ; substitute ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Silbo, John, must, in Feb. 21, 1865; substitute; must, out with com pany July 18, 1865. Starnosky, Henry, must, in Feb. 25, 1865 ; substitute ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Stole, Christian, must, iu Aug. 18, 1864 ; substitute ; trans, from 203d Regt P. V. June 22, 1865 ; absent, sick, at must out. Smith, George, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; disch. Feb. 29, 1863. Smith, Sanford, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; must, out Nov. 28, 1864, expira tion of term. Smith, Marion, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; must, out Nov. 28, 1864, expira tion of term. Shannon, John, must, in Nov. 6, 1861; disch. Aug. 1, 1862. Shultz, Joseph, must, in Aug. 27, 1863 ; disch. by G. 0. June 2, 1865. Sipe, Levi, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; died March 25, 1864 ; buried in Pros pect Hill Cemetery, York, Pa. ; vet. Steiner, Benjamin, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; killed at Pocotaligo, S. C, Oct, 22, 1862. Smith, William, must, in Sept. 30, 1863 ; killed at Drury's Bluff, Va., May.14, 1864. Tieruey, Thomas, must, in Feb. 27, 1864 ; must, out with company July 18, 1865. Thompson, George, must, in Feb. 16, 1865; substitute; disch. by G. 0. July 18, 1865. Taylor, Gilbert, must, in Feb. 26, 1865 ; substitute ; disch. by G. 0. July 7, 1865. Vanorden, Nor. G., must, in Oct. 24, 1864 ; killed at Fortress Monroe V. Dec. 12, 1864. ' '' Wise, John, must in Aug. 27, 1863 ; absent, sick, at must out. Welsh, David, must, in Feb. 23, 1865 ; substitute ; must, out with com pany July 18, 1865. Whitman, Thomas, must. in Fab. 14, 1865; substitute; most out with company July 18, 1865. 'Wicker, Frederick, must, in Oct. 28, 1861 ; must, out Nov. 28, 1864 exni. ration of term. Weirbaugh, Levi, must, in April 24, 1862; must, out May 15 1865 ... piration of term. Wilcox, David E., must, in Sept. 23, 1864; disch. by G. 0. June 10 1865 Weirbaugh, Henry, must in March 30, 1862; died at Portsmouth Grove R. I., Oct. 18, 1864; burial record Oct 30, 1864. Weeks, Carodan, must, in Aug. 27, 1863 ; died at Andersonville, Ga, Oct 2, 1864, grave 10,217 or 10,253. Young, John, must, in Jan. 1, 1864; disch. by S. 0., date unknown ¦ vet The Seventy-seventh. Regiment. — This regiment included in its original organization one company (C) from Huntingdon County. After the regiment had been in the service three years and five months it was joined in the field by a company of Blair County men under command of Capt; Daniel Shock, This was designated as Company F, most of the sur viving members of the original F company being transferred about the same time to A company. , The Seventy-seventh was rendezvoused at Camp Wilkins, near Pittsburgh, where it was organized^ under command of Col. Frederick S. Stumbaugh, in October, 1861. On the 18th of that month it was em barked on transport steamers, and proceeded down1 the Ohio to Louisville, Ky., in company with the Seventy-eighth and Seventy- ninth Regiments "of the Pennsylvania line, these three regiments forming a brigade, commanded by Brig.-Gen. James S. Negley, of Pittsburgh. From Louisville the brigade marched south along the line of the Louisville and Nashville' Railroad, and remained encamped for a considerable time at a camp called " Camp Negley," in honor of the brigade commander. While here the Severity- seventh was detached from the brigade and assigned to the Fifth Brigade of the division commanded, by Gen. Alexander McD. McCook, the other regiments of the brigade (commanded by Brig.-Gen. Thomas I Wood) being the Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth In diana and the Thirty-fourth Illinois. This brigade, with the army of Gen. Buell, marched southward into Tennessee, and arrived at Nashville on the 2d of March, 1862. Soon afterwards the Seventy^seventh, with the other forces of Gen. Buell, continued the southward march, moving towards a point on the Tennessee River, where the forces of Gen.. Grant and the Confederate army under Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston were approaching each other, and where, on Sunday, the 6th of April, they joined in the great battle of Shiloh or Pittsburgh Landing. On the even ing of the 5th (the same time when the Army of the Potomac under Gen. McClellan arrived in front of Yorktown) the advance of Gen. Buell's corps reached Savannah (nine miles below Pittsburgh Landing, on the Tennessee), and bivouacked there for the night. On the following morning Buell heard the roar of WAR OF THE REBELLION. 145 the distant battle, and hurried his troops forward with all possible speed. ' The division of Gen. William Nelson led the advance, and pushed on without halt until late in the afternoon, when it reached the right bank of the Tennessee, opposite the place where Grant's hard-pressed battalions were engaged in the desperate fight, contesting every inch of ground, yet slowly retiring towards the river. When the suc coring division came up opposite the scene of con flict its brave yet rough old commander sent an aide across to report to Gen. Grant, with this message, "Tell him," said he, "that Gen. Nelson is here with ten thousand fighting men and no d — d cowards!" this last remark being caused by the sight of a large number of fugitives from the fight skulking behind the bluff bank of the river. " Tell Gen. Nelson," said Gen. Grant to the aide, "that our men seem to be doing pretty well, but we shall be glad to see him over here." The division was promptly crossed and placed in position, enabling the Union forces to hold their ground firmly against the last desperate assaults of the Confederates. During the night the gunboats in the river kept up an incessant cannonade, throw ing their huge shells over the heads of the men of Grant's army and intq the Confederate lines beyond. In the morning of the 7th the battle was renewed, and the rebel forces were driven back at all points, though they held their ground most stubbornly and fought for hours with the greatest desperation. Other troops of Buell's command' had arrived in the mean time, and among them the brigade in which was the Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania, which came up by steamboat from Savannah. At about nine o'clock in the morning it marched upon the field, and was im mediately under fire. For six hours after its arrival the battle raged with the greatest fury. The regiment- repelled a desperate assault of cavalry, and was in the front line in the final charge which drove the enemy from the field and ended the conflict. For about a week after the battle the regiment re mained on the field near Pittsburgh Landing, then moved several miles to a new camp. About four weeks later it moved with the army towards the enemy's strong position at Corinth, Miss., in the ex pectation of a general attack upon the works at that place, but they were occupied without resistance, the Confederates having evacuated. Upon the fall of Corinth, Gen. Butll's army marched back to Nash ville ; the Seventy-seventh, with its brigade, passing the entire summer on the route, which was from Corinth up the valley of the Tennessee to Bridgeport, Ala., thence northward by way of Stevenson, Cowan, Decherd, Manchester, and Murfreesboro' to the capi tal. Here it had little rest, being ordered northward on the rapid march with Buell's forces to intercept the Confederate Gen. Bragg, who was marching on Louis ville, Ky. Buell's forces arrived on the 26th of Sep tember, and on the following day the Seventy-seventh encamped in the suburbs of the city. 10 On the arrival of Buell's army at Louisville, Gen. Bragg faced his forces southward, and marched back towards Tennessee. Buell followed with his army, leaving Louisville on the 1st of October. The Seventy-seventh, moving with the left wing, passed through Stanford and Nicholsville, Ky., skirmishing with the enemy at Claysville, Lawrenceburg, and other places, but not being present at the general en gagement near Perryville, October 8th. It reached Nashville, Tenn., in the last part of October, and re mained there and in that vicinity for two months, taking part in a minor engagement at Lavergne on the 27th of November. On the 26th of December it moved with the army towards Murfreesboro', near which town the great battle of Stone River was fought on the 31st of December and 1st and 2d of January. The Seventy-seventh was on the left of the division of Gen. R. W. Johnson, which occupied the extreme right of the army, the position of the regiment being partly in a cedar thicket and partly in a cotton- field, with the enemy near, and directly in front. In this position it lay during the night of Tuesday, De cember 30th. The battle was opened by Hardee's (left) corps of the Confederate army, which made a furious assault soon after daylight on the 31st, while the battery horses of Johnson's division were being taken to water. In a few minutes twenty-seven guns out of Johnson's five batteries were in the hands of the Confederates, and the three divisions of Johnson, Davis, and Sheridan (comprising McCook's army corps) were in retreat in some disorder across the cotton-field towards the shelter of a cedar wood in the rear. The Seventy-seventh, with some other troops, rallied, made a counter-charge, and recaptured the guns of Edgerton's battery, which, however, were soon after again taken by the enemy, and the regi ment, compelled to relinquish its temporary advan tage, was finally driven across the field, and through the woods to the vicinity of the Nashville and Chat tanooga Railroad, where the troops were rallied and a new line established by the commanding general, Rosecrans. This line, strengthened by slight breast works, was held through the day against repeated attacks by the enemy. Several attacks were also made on Thursday, January 1st, and the artillery fire was incessant during that day, but no very decided advantage was gained on either side. The forenoon of Friday passed in comparative quiet, but about the middle of the afternoon the Confederates attacked with great fury on the left of Rosecrans' line, gain ing an advantage at first, charging across Stone River, and causing the Union troops to recoil at that point, but they rallied at once and drove the enemy back across the stream. From that time the conflict raged until after dark, resulting in the complete rout of the Confederates, who retreated through the town of Murfreesboro' and along the turnpike road towards Shelbyville. Through the entire battle of Stone River the 146 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Seventy-seventh behaved with great gallantry and steadiness, for which it was highly complimented by Gen.. Rosecrans. Soon after the. battle it encamped near Murfreesboro', where it remained until the gen eral advance of the Army of the Cumberland, June 24, 1863. In the advance a Confederate division (Cleburne's) was found in a strong position at Liberty Gap, where a heavy fight resulted on the 24th and 25th, ending in the retreat of the enemy. The Seventy-seventh was one of the charging regiments, and sustained severe loss in the engagement. The enemy retired to a strongly intrenched line at Tullahoma, but evacuated it on the approach of the Union army, and retreated to Bridgeport, Ala., and thence into Northern Georgia. The Union army fol lowed in pursuit, the Seventy-seventh with its division arriving at Bridgeport, on the Tennessee River, on the 31st of August. Crossing the river, it moved to Trenton, Ga., thence up Lookout Valley to Valley Head, then across the mountain to Broomtown Valley, on the road to Rome, Ga., but before reaching the latter place the progress of the column was arrested by the intelligence that the enemy was menacing the left of Gen. Rosecrans' army, with the evident inten tion of giving battle to that part of the line (which was separated from the extreme right and more than thirty miles from it) and of making a desperate at tempt to reoccupy Chattanooga ; and, finally, that Longstreet's corps, having been detached from the Army of Northern Virginia, was already on the south side of the Savannah River, and moving by rail with all possible speed tojoin Bragg's army at Lafayette, Ga. Upon receipt of this intelligence the Seventy-seventh, with its division and the other commands of the Union army, moved rapidly back over the mountain and down the valley by the same route over which the advance had been made, and again crossing the mountain lower down towards the Tennessee, entered the valley known as McLemore's Cove on the 17th of September. After some fighting at that place the Seventy-seventh, with its division, moved by way of Dug Gap, Pond Spring, and Gordon's Mills, and ar rived on the field of Chickamauga on Saturday, the 19th of September, and soon afterwards became hotly engaged in the great battle which was fought there on that and the following day by the Union army under Gen. Rosecrans and the Confederate forces under Bragg, reinforced by Longstreet's corps from Vir ginia. Near the close, of the first day's fight at Chick amauga the regiment charged, with its brigade (Wil- lich's), and gallantly drove the enemy in its front, but in the exultation of the moment advanced too far, and while in that exposed position, just at dark, was attacked by a heavy body of the enemy (who had been reinforced at that point). The Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania and Seventy-ninth Illinois, being in the most advanced and exposed position, fought des perately against overwhelming odds, but after a hand- to-hand struggle in the twilight gloom they were over powered, and seventy enlisted men of the Seventy- seventh taken prisoners, as were also several of the company officers, and all the field-officers of the regi ment, who remained prisoners till May 1, 1864. Many of the privates of the regiment who were captured in this fight died in the prison-pen of Andersonville. The remnant of the regiment (those who escaped capture in the evening of the 19th) fought in the battle of the second day at Chickamauga under com mand of Capt. Joseph J. Lawson, of Company C. The battle resulted in defeat to the Union army and on Saturday night (September 20th) the Seventy- seventh, with the other commands, withdrew from the field of disaster to Rossville, Ga., and from there on Monday night and the early morning of Tuesday re treated to Chattanooga. After Chickamauga the regiment saw no more of fighting during the year 1863. In October it moved from Chattanooga, crossing the Tennessee, and march ing by the " Bob White road" to Jasper, Term., where it arrived on the 26th. Thence, crossing the Tennes see to Shellmound, it moved up the river to White side's, Ga., where it remained during the winter, and where a considerable number of the men re-enlisted as veterans, and the strength of the command was largely increased by recruits from Pennsylvania. In the spring and summer campaign of 1864, the Seventy-seventh fought at Tunnel Hill on the 7th of May, at Rocky Face Ridge on the 8th, in several minor engagements from the 9th to the 13th, at Resaca, Dal las, Ga., at New Hope Church, at Kingston, Ga., at Kenesaw Mountain (where it lost heavily in killed and wounded), and at Peach Tree Creek, July 20th. It also fought in the subsequent actions around Atlanta, including the battles of Lovejoy's Station and Jones- boro'. After the fall of Atlanta, when the Confederate army under Gen. Hood suddenly crossed the Chattahoochee into Alabama and marched towards Nashville, with the evident intention of assaulting and capturing that city, Gen. Sherman detached a strong force from his army at Atlanta and placed it under com mand of Gen. George H. Thomas, with orders to march in pursuit of Hood, give him battle, and thwart his designs. The force was composed of the Twenty-third Corps (Gen. Schofield) and Stanley's (Fourth) Corps, of which latter the Seventy-seventh was a part. The regiment arrived on the 3d of No vember at Pulaski, Tenn. About the 25th it moved to Columbia, where the enemy was found in heavy force and strongly posted. A severe engagement resulted, in which, on the 29th, the Seventy-seventh took a conspicuous part. During the following night the regiment moved to Franklin, Tenn., where it fought bravely in the great battle of the 30th, being at one time almost entirely surrounded by the enemy, but escaping from its exposed position by the exer cise of the highest soldierly qualities. Again, in the WAR OF THE REBELLION. 147 great aDd decisive battle of Nashville, the Seventy- seventh took a prominent part in charging the Con federate works on the 15th of December, and on the following day exhibited still greater gallantry in attacking one of the enemy's strongest positions, moving forward under a most destructive fire of canister, capturing a battery, and driving the Con federates in its front in utter and irretrievable rout. The loss of the regiment in this battle was heavy in killed and wounded, among the former being Lieut. Alexander T. Baldwin, of Company C. The Confederate army, completely defeated and routed at Nashville, fled southward into Alabama. Among the Union forces which pursued was the Seventy-seventh, which marched rapidly to Hunts- ville, Ala., but there abandoned the pursuit and remained through the succeeding winter. About the middle of March, 1865, it marched to East Ten nessee, where it was joined by five new companies, one of which was the new F company, from Blair 1 County, under command of Capt. Shock. About the ' last of April the regiment returned to Nashville, ' where it was assigned to the First Brigade, First 1 Division, Fourth Army Corps. In June it left Nash- a ville, and passing down the Mississippi by boat to : New Orleans, went into camp at Plaine Chalmette "(Gen. Jackson's old battle-ground of 1815), where it ^ remained nearly a month ; then embarked and pro s' ceeded by sea to Indianola, Texas, arriving there on "the 27th of July, and immediately afterwards march- feing to Green Lake. Afterwards it moved to a camp P near Victoria. It remained in Texas until the early iipart of December, 1865, when it moved to Indianola, ;li where the men were embarked and proceeded by rsea to Philadelphia. Arriving there on the 16th of nJanuary, 1866, they were duly disbanded and re turned to.their homes and the vocations of civil life. jk Following are given lists of the officers and en- jslisted men of the Huntingdon and Blair County (^companies of the Seventy-seventh Regiment: SEVENTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. Company C. (Date of muster in Sept. 20, 1861, except where noted.) '" Capt Michael McNally, res. Nov. 24, 1862. ^ Capt. Joseph J. Lawson, pro. from 1st lieut. to capt. Jan. 8, 1863 ; to maj. j J9f» June 13, 1865. .„ jOapt Samuel S. Gillman, pro. to corp. Feb. 23, 1862 ; to sergt. Dec. 1, » . 1862; to 1st lieut. April 10, 1865; to capt. Sept. 1, 1865; wounded «! >/'" at Marietta, Ga., July 4, 1864 ; absent, with leave, at must, out ; vet. llidBt Lieut. Alexander T. Baldwin, pro. from sergt. to 1st sergt. Nov. 15, tt 1861; to 2d lieut. May 25, 1862; to 1st lieut. Jan. 8, 1863 ; wounded , at Dallas, Ga., May 28, 1864 ; killed at Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 16, 1864. •"'lst Lieut. Silas M. Cline, pro. from sergt.-maj. to 2d lieut. April 10, 1866; t i to 1st lieut. Sept. 1, 1865 ; muBt. out with company Dec. 6, 1865 ; vet. .gSd Lieut. Samuel T. Davis, pro. to adjt. Sept. 28, 1861. jli Lieut. Edward B. Miller, pro. from corp. to 1st sergt. May 25, 1862 ; •" to 2d lieut. Jan. 8, 1863 ; disch. by S. 0. Aug. 22, 1863. ||.2d Lieut John T. Baldwin, pro. to corp. March 12, 1862 ; to sergt. Jan. „) 6, 1864 ; to 1st sergt. April 12, 1865 ; to 2d lieut. Sept. 1, 1865 ; must. i out with company Dec. 6, 1865 ; vet. 1 1st Sergt. Daniel McNulty, pro. to corp. Aug. 10, 1862; to sergt. April l\ 12, 1865; to' 1st sergt. Sept. 1, 1865; absent, on furlough, at must. Jrf out; vet 1st Sergt. Samuel II. Wilson, pro. from corp, to sergt. Dec. 14, 1861 ; to 1st sergt. Nov. 24, 1862 ; prisoner from Sept. 19, 1863, to Feb. 19, 1865 ; must, out May 20, 1866. 1st Sergt. William Bradley, pro. to corp. Sept. 4, 1862 ; to sergt. Dec. 31, 1862; to 1st sergt; wounded at Franklin, Tenn., Nov. 30, 1864; disch. by G. 0. Sept 18, 1865 ; vet. lBt Sergt. David H. Gates, trans, to 44th Regt. P. V. Nov. 16, 1861. Sergt. David Brism, must, in March 25, 1864 ; pro. to sergt. April 10, 1864 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Sergt. William Heidler, pro. from corp. to sergt. Nov. 28, 1862 ; wounded at Resaca, Ga., May 15, 1864 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865 ; vet. Sergt. Henry Wagner, wounded at Liberty Gap, Tenn., Juno 25, 1863 ; pro. to corp. Dec. 1, 1862 ; to sergt. Sept. 1, 1865 ; must out with com pany Deo. 6, 1865 ; vet. Sergt. Andrew J. Mitchell, wounded at Chickamauga, Ga,, Sept. 19, 1863 ; pro. to corp. April 12, 1865 ; to sergt. Nov. 1, 1865; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865; vet. Sergt. Scott R. Crawford, died Jan. 13, 1863, of wounds received at Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 31, 1862. Sergt. Philip Bear, pro. to sergt. June 30,1862; captured Oct. 8, 1862 ^ trans, to regular army. Corp. A. W. Baldwin, must, in Feb. 22, 1864 ; pro. to corp. Sept. 1, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Corp. George W. Leidick, pro. to corp. Dec. 11, 1863; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865 ; vet. Corp. Henry H. Long, pro. to Corp. April 12, 1865 ; must, out with com pany Dec. 6, 1865 ; vet. Corp. Patrick McNulty, wounded at Dallas, Ga., May 28, 1864; pro. to corp. April 12, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865 ; vet. Corp. Thomas McMahon, pro. to corp. Nov. 1, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865 ; vet. Corp. Augustus Riddle, pro. to Corp. Dec. 11, 1863 ; must, out with com pany Dec. 6, 1865 ; vet. Corp. John Roark, pro. to corp. Sept. 1, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865; vet. Corp. Ezekiel Tantiinger, pro. to corp. Sept. 1, 1865 ; must, out with com pany Dec. 6, 1865 ; vet. Corp. Harvey Bennett, disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 10, 1862. Corp. William Jones, pro. to corp. July 1, 1864 ; trans, to U. S. Engineer Corps Aug. 1, 1864; vet. Corp. Richard Mitchell, pro. to corp. Dec. 11, 1863; to com.-sergt. April 1, 1865. Corp. William Keith, died Jan. 10, 1863, of wounds received at Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 31, 1862 ; buried at Stone River, grave 84. Corp. James S. Leator, died at Nashville, Tenn., June 10, 1862. Corp. W. H. H. Woolslair, pro. to corp. Dec. 1, 1862 ; captured at Chicka mauga, Ga., Sept. 19, 1863; died at Andersonville Aug. 27, 1864; grave 6980. Corp. Hugh M. Hall, pro. to corp. June 30, 1862 ; captured Oct. 8, 1862; enl. in regular army. Musician John Dill, must, in Feb. 25, 1864; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Altman, Gustavo, must, in Feb. 29, 1864; wounded at Franklin, Tenn., Nov. 30, 1864; disch. by G. 0. June 13, 1865. Arndt, John J., must, in Oct. 29, 1861 ; trans, to regimental band Nov. 1, 1861. Brehm, William, must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865 ; vet. Baker, George, , absent, on detached duty, at must. out. Brown, Emanuel, must, in Feb. 24, 1864; must. 'out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Bray, Thomas, must, in Feb. 20, 1864 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Bayne, John S., must, in Feb. 4, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Bennett, Silas A., must, in March 1, 1865 ; must, out with company Deo. 6, 1865. Barr, Jacob, must, in March 8, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Brooks, John W., disch. on surg. certif. May 22, 1862. Buchins, John C , disch. on surg. certif. June 2, 1862. Ball, Jacob, disch. on surg. certif. Sept. 24, 1862. Boyer, Peter, must, out Oct. 11, 1864. expiration of term. Buchanan, James W., must, out Oct. 11, 1864, expiration of term. Black, Samuel D., must, in July 23, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. June 22, 1865. Bostwick, Albert S., must, in Feb. 24, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 12, 1865. Breitenstein, Luid, trans, to 4th U. S. Art. March 19, 1864. 148 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Beamer, Samuel, died at Louisville, Ky., March 4, 1862. Bender, Ezra E., died at Corinth, Miss., June 19, 1862. Bender, Flavius J., captured at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 19, 1863; died at Richmond, Va., Feb. 24, 1864. Broadbach, Thomas, must in Sept. 29, 1861 ; captured at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 19, 1863 ; died at Andersonville Nov. 27, 1864 ; bur. rec. Oct. 26, 1804; grave 12,177. Barry, William, must, in Sept. 16, 1862; captured at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 19, 1863 ; died at Andersonville July 31, 1864; grave 4404. Boyle, Sebastian, must in March 9, 1865; died at Camp Stanly, Texas, Sept. 22, 1865. Bonnell, Joseph, must, in March 6, 1865. Bell, Frederick, must, in March 20, 1865. Coleman, James L., must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865 ; vet. Calvert,WilliamH , must, in Feb. 27, 1864; wounded at Franklin, Tenn.; must out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Cupp, Joseph, must, in Feb. 25, 1864 ; wounded at Dallas, Ga., June 7, 1864; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Cramer, Samuel, must, in March 26, 1862 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Cooper, William D., disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 10, 1865. Carpenter, Tbomas B., must, in Oct. 29, 1861 ; trans, to band Nov. 1, 1861. Crook, William H., must, in Oct. 29, 1861 ; trans, to band Nov. 1, 1861. Cook, Charles C, commissioned 2d lieut.; trans, as aide-de-camp to stan" of Gens. Negley and Palmer; died July, 1864, of wounds received at Atlan ta, Ga. Oolbath, Albert, died at Tuscumbia, Ala., June 19, 1862. Dixon, William, wounded at Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 31, 1862, at Chick amauga, Ga., Sept. 19, 1863, and at Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 16, 1864; absent at must, out; vet. Doane, Beunett G., must, in March 13, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Drake, John, must, in March 8, 1865; must out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Dougherty, George W., wounded at Liberty Gap, Tenn., June 25, 1863 ; must, out Oct. 11, 1864, expiration of term. Dorland, William H., must, out Oct. 21, 1864, expiration of term. Doner, Abraham R., wounded at Liberty Gap, Tenn., June 25, 1863; must. out Sept. 20, 1864, expiration of term. Deavmitt, Michael, trans, to Co. D Oct. 10, 1861. Eberly, Gottfried, must, in March 8, 1865; died at Camp Harker, Tenn., May 3, 1865. Fahnestock, Ephraim A., must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865; vet. Flowers, Jacob, trans, to Yet. Res. Corps Feb. 6, 1864. Fulgroad, John, trans, to Vet. Res. Corps Sept. 12, 1863. Firebaugh, Jacob, died at Camp Chase, Ohio, July 16, 1862. Fiuton, Isaac N., must, in Feb. 24, 1864; died in Texas, July 25, 1865. Fitzgerald, Henry. Garver, David B., must, in Feb. 22, 1864; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865 ; vet, Goodliug, Peter, must, in Feb. 25, 1864; wounded at Dallas, Ga., May 30, 1864; absent at must. out. Grubb, Benjamin, must, in March 10,1865; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Gettys, Samuel A., must, in Sept. 29, 1861; disch. Feb. 7, 1863, for wounds received at Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 31, 1862. Gauster, William, wounded at Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 31, 1862; must. out Oct. 11, 1864, expiration of term. Gillman, John F., must, in Sept. 16, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. June 22, 1865. Gillelaud, D. R. P.,discb. by G. 0. Sept. 18, 1865; vet. Greenawalt, H. B., wouuded at Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 31, 1862, and Liberty Gap June 25, 1863; trans, to Vet. ReB. Corps Dec. 10, 1863. Garman, Edward, must, in Oct. 29, 1861 ; trans, to band Nov. 1, 1861. Gilliland, James K., must in Feb. 27, 1864; died at Jenarsonville, Ind., Aug. 12, 1864. Galloway, Charles, must, in March 6, 1865 ; died Sept. 14, 1865 ; buried six miles northwest of Victoria, Tex. HigginB, John, wounded at Dallas, Ga., May 28, 1864; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865 ; vet. Hineline, Andrew, wounded at Stone River, Tenn,, Dec. 31, 1862 ; must. out with company Dec. 6, 1865; vet. Heidle, David, must, in March 12,1864; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Huggins, George W., must, in Feb. 24, 1864; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Huggins, John L., must, in Feb. 24, 1864 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Holden, John S., must in March 1, 1865; must, out with company Dec 6, 1865. Hursh, Lebbias B., must, in March 10, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Hibler, Walter, must, in March 21, 1865 ; must out with company Dec 6, 1865. Howell, Albert J., must, in March 15, 1865 ; died Nov. 28, 1865 ; buried six miles northwest of Victoria, Tenn. Holwager, Jacob, must, in March 9, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Hummel, Christian, must, in March 9, 1865; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Hilbisb, Zachariali T., must, in March 8, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Heiler, James, disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 10, 1862. Hamer, George G., must, out Oct. 11, 1864, expiration of lerm. Hamilton, Joseph B., must, out Oct. 11, 1864, expiration of term. Holt, James, must, in Oct. 1, 1862 ; mnst. out Oct. 9, 1865, expiration of term. Haas, Henry, must, in Oct. 29, 1861; trans, to regimental band Nov.] 1861. Itinger, Samuel H., wounded at Lovejoy, Ga., Sept. 2,1864; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865; vet. Johnston, Jacob, muBt in Oct. 29, 1861; trans, to regimental band Nov. 1 1861 . Jennings, Samuel, res. Oct. 8, 1861. Keller, Isaac, must, in Feb. 22, 1864 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Kegg, Joseph, must, in Feb. 29, 1864; must, out with company Dec. 6 1865. Kopp, William G., must, in March 9, 1865; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Kreps, Henry P., wounded at Liberty, Tenn., June 25, 1863; must, out Sept. 20, 1864, expiration of term. Kephart, Samuel, must in Feb. 27, 1864; killed at Atlanta, Ga., Aug. 6, 1864. Lee, Henry T., must in Feb. 22, 1864 ; wounded at Dallas, Ga., May 28, 1864; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Leidick, Joseph E., muBt. in Feb. 24, 1864; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Leidick, Abraham, must, in Feb. 24, 1864 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Leidick, Daniel, must, in Feb. 28, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec, 6, 1865. Lehman, Jacob, disch. Aug. 24, 1863, for wounds received at Libert; Gap, Tenn., June 25, 1863. Long, James P., must, out Oct. 11, 1864, expiration of term. Landgraft, Charles, must, iu Aug. 15, 1864; disch. by G. 0. Juno 22, 1865. Logan, Thomas, trans, to 4th U. S. Art. March 19, 1864. Lycum, John, must, in Feb. 25, 1864; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps Aug. 26, 1864. Marks, Levi, must, in Feb. 25, 1864; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Markel, Adam R., must, in Feb. 25, 1864; must, out with company Dec 6, 1865. Murphy, George B., must, in March 1,1865; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Michael, Jacob C, must, in March 6, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Manning, William, disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 9, 1863. Murphy, Alexander, trans, to Co. I) Oct. 10, 1861. Monroe, George W., must, iu Oct. 29, 1861; trans, to regimental band Nov. 1, 1861. Monroe, A. W., must, in Oct. 29, 1861; trans, to regimental band Nov. 1, 1861. Murley, Walter, died at Nashville, Tenn., Oct. 10, 1862. Martin, John, captured at Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1863; died at Ander- Bouville, Ga., Aug. 30, 1864, grave 7263. Murphy, William, must, in March 1, 1865; died at Green Lake, To, Aug. 4, 1865. McLimans, Thomas, must, in March 6, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. McLimans, Robert, must, in March 6, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. McLimans, Emmet, must, in March 13, 1865; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. WAR OF THE REBELLION. 149 McFarland, Charles, disch. on surg. certif. April 16,1863; died at An napolis, Md., April 22, 1863. McGiuley, James, must, out Oct. 11, 1864, expiration of term. McKee, Isaac, captured at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 19, 1863; died at Richmond, Va., Jan. 17, 1864. Nipple, Alexander, must, in Feb. 22, 1864 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Negley, Ross, disch. on surg. certif. June 24, 1862. Nagle, Daniel, must, in Oct. 29, 1861 ;. trans, to regimental band Nov. 1, 1861. Neaton, Patrick, must, in Feb. 25, 1864; wounded at Atlanta, Ga., July 20, 1864 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, date unknown. Nevil, John H., must, in Sept. 20, 1861. Nevil, Henry H., must, in Feb. 27, 1864. Orwen, Lewis W., must, in Oct. 29, 1861; trans, to regimental band Nov. 1,1861. Patterson, John H., must, in Feb. 24, 1864 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Price, William P., trans, to Co. B Nov. 1, 1861. Rosenburg, JackBon, wounded at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863, and Lovejoy, Ga., Sept. 2, 1864 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865 ; vet. Rhodes, Isaac, must, in Feb. 25, 1864 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Reese, David, must, in March 8, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Raizer, Matthias, must in March 6, 1S65; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Rupe, George, wounded at Liberty Gap, June 25,1863; must, out Oct. 11, 1864, expiration of term. Ruggles, Joseph, must, in March 12, 1862 ; must, out March 20, 1865, expiration of term. Roth, Jerome, must, iu Oct. 29, 1861 ; trans, to regimental band Nov. 1, 1861. Roulett, James, must, in Oct. 20, 1861 ; died at Louisville, Ky., Nov. 7, 1861. Bitter, Samuel, must, in Oct. 20, 1861 ; died at Louisville, Ky., Feb. 7, 1862. Ritter, David, must in Oct. 20, 1861. Stimeling, Jacob, must, in Feb. 24, 1864 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Shaw, Joseph, must in March 9, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Shaw, Graham, must, in March 21, 1865 ; must, out with company Doc. 6, 1865. Specher, David G., must, in March 6, 1865; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Schawer, Henry, must, in March 6, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Sweigert, Jacob, must, in March 7, 1865; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Shawb, David, must, in March 8, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Shissler, Abraham L., must, in March 9, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Stephens, John W., must, in March 8, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Shriver, Frederick, disch. on surg. certif. March 10, 1863. Steitler, David, must, in Feb. 22, 1862 ; disch. April 13, 1863, for wounds received at Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 31, 1862. Smith. James 0., must, out Oct. 11, 1864, expiration of term. Silke, Benjamin, must, out Oct. 11, 1864, expiration of term. Shirk, Christian G., must, out Oct. 11, 1864, expiration of term. Silks, George W., must, out Oct. 11, 1864, expiration of term, Stevens, Jacob C, must, out Oct. 11, 1864, expiration of term. Silks, Samuel, must, out Oct. 11, 1864, expiration of term. Stevenson, George, trans, to Co. D Oct. 10, 1861. Sneath, Willis, trans, to Co. D Nov. 1, 1861. Shultz, Jacob, trans, to Vet. Res. Corps Aug. 10, 1863. Stallman, Franklin, wounded May 28, 1864 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps Jan. 10, 1865. Shade, Alfred, must, in Oct. 29, 1861 ; trans, to regimental band Nov. 1, 1861. Shure, Jacob D., must, in Oct 29, 1861 ; trans, to regimental band Nov. 1, 1861. Shuman, William A., must, in Oct. 29, 1861 ; trans, to regimental band Nov. 1, 1861. Shuler, Samuel M., must, in Oct. 29, 1861; trans, to regimental band Nov. 1, 1861. Sharp, Joseph, died at Lancaster, Pa., Oct. 1, 1861. Snyder, Jacob, must, in March 6, 1865. Thatcher, Martin, must, out Oct. 11, 1864, expiration of term. Thomas, John S., must, in March 10, 1864; wounded at Atlanta, Ga., Aug. 26, 1864; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps March 13,1865; disch. by G. 0. Doc. 1865. Wileman, Elmer, must, in Feb. 22, 1864; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Wilson, James M., must, in Feb. 27, 1864 ; wounded at Fianklin, Tenn., Nov. 30, 1864 ; must, out with company Deo. 6, 1865. Wildman, James, must, in July 15, 1864; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Waduman, William W., must, in March 10, 1865 ; must, out with com pany Dec. 6, 1865. Wilson, Joseph, disch. on surg. certif. June 24, 1862. Watkins, Nathaniel, disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 10, 1862. Webster, William, must, out Oct 11, 1864, expiration of term. Wagner, Jesse, must, out Dec. 10, 1864, expiration of term. White, Charles, must in July 21, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. June 22, 1865. Wirths, Matthias, must, in Feb. 27, 1864; disch. by G. 0. July 10, 1865. Welker, George C, must, in Oct. 29, 1861 ; trans, to regimental band Nov. 1, 1861. Zeigh, Joseph, must, in Feb. 22, 1864 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Zeager, Jacob, must, in Feb. 22, 1864; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Zeek, Emanuel, must, in Feb. 27, 1864; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Zeigler, Josiah, must, in March 4, 1864 ; wounded at Atlanta, Ga., Aug. 20, 1864; disch. by G. 0. Sept. 25, 1865. Zimm, William A., must, in Oct. 29, 1861 ; trans, to regimental band Nov. 1, 1861. Company F. (Date of muster in Feb. 28, 1865, except where noted.) Capt. Daniel Shock, must, in Feb. 23, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. First Lieut. Miles Zentmeyer, must, in Feb. 24, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Second Lieut. J. 0. Brookbank, pro. to q.m. Oct. 15, 1865. First Sergt. George Diehl, must, in Feb. 27, 1865 ; must, out with com pany Dec. 6,1865. Sergt. D. R. P. Johnston, must, in Feb. 24, 1865 ; must, out with com pany Dec. 6, 1865. Sergt James E. Davis, must, in March 2, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Sergt. Louis H. Geisler, must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Sergt. George W. Miller, must, in Feb. 24, 1865 ; must, out with com pany Dec. 6, 1865. Corp. D. S. Bergstresser, must, in Feb. 27, 1865 ; must, out Dec. 12, 1865. Corp. John T. Allen, must, in March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Corp. Charles Hogle, must, in March 22, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Corp. Samuel Pressle, must, in Feb. 27, 1865; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Corp. Thomas C. Miller, must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Corp. George Morrison, must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Corp. Lewis Sylong, must, in March 2, 1865 ; died Sept. 13, 1865 ; buried six miles northwest of Victoria, Texas. Corp. Jer. Rickabaugh, disch. by G. O. Sept. 14, 1865. Corp. Jacob Stine, disch. by G. 0. Sept. 15, 1865. Bookhamer, Thomas, must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Bookhamer, John, must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Berayer, Joseph S., must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Burket, David, must, in March 6, 1865 ; absent, sick, at muster out. Blackburn, Her'n, muBt in Feb. 27, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Boyer, William, must, in March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Boswell, William, must, in March 3, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Bisbing, Samuel, must, in Jan 18, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Buck, Augustus, must, in April 3, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. 250 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Boyer, Adam, must, in March 3, 1865. Burket, John, mint in March 6, 1865. Beck, Reuben, must, in Feb. 28, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. July 20, 1865. Campbell, John, must, in Dec. 23, 1863 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Courter, John C, must in Feb. 24, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Clites, Solomon, must, in Feb. 27, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Conrad, Edward, must, in Feb. 27, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Clossin, Martin, must, in Feb. 27, 1865; died Sept. 2,1865; buried six miles northwest of Victoria, Texas, Chamberlain, Jacob, must, in March 6, 1865; absent, sick, at muster out. Cooper, George W., must, in March 2, 1865. Comb, Henry, must, in Feb. 27, 1865. Diehl, Samuel, must, in Feb. 28, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Diehl, George C, must in Feb. 28, 1865; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Direly, Morgan, must, in Feb. 28, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Direly, Martin, must, in Feb. 28, 1865; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Direly, George M., must, in Feb. 27, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Edmiston, Isaac, must in March 6, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Fisher, Daniel J., must, in March 6, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Fitzpatrick, Michael, must, in March 24, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Finch, Miles, must, in March 3, 1865; died Aug. 2, 1865; buried at Green Lake, Texas. Fleck, William, must, in Feb. 27, 1865; died at Green Lake, Texas, Aug. 7, 1865. Foreman, Michael K., must, in Feb. 28, 1865; died at Louisville, Ky., Jnly 9, 1865. (Jordan, Henry, must, in Feb. 28, 1865; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Grumer, Anthony, must, in March 2, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Gunnett, Thomas, must, in March 2, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Greenawalt, William, must, in March 2, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Grabill, Emanuel, must, in Feb. 27, 1865 ; died Sept. 10, 1865 ; buried six miles northwest of Victoria, Texas. Hammell, Alfred, must, in Feb. 22, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Harold, Jacob, must, in March 2, 1865; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Hoover, Henry, must, in Feb. 23, 1865; died Nov. 26, 1864; buried six miles northweBt of Victoria, Texas. Hull, Isaac W., must, in April 3, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Hillery, George W., must, in April 3, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Kaley, Matthias, must, in April 4, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Lear, Franklin, must, in Feb. 27, 1865; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Lingenfelter, Thad., must, in Feb. 24, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Lytle, George, must, iu Feb. 24, 1865. Lytle, Isaac, must, in March 6, 1865. Lerhart, James, must, in Feb. 27, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. May 16, 1865. Mulholland, James C, must in Feb. 24, 1865; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Martin, Abraham B., must, in April 3, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Moore, Josiah, must, in Feb. 28, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. July 1 1865. Merrits, John, must, in Feb. 28, 1865 ; died at Green Lake, Texas Aug 7, 1865. Moore, John J., must, in March 4, 1865; died Nov. 18, 1865; buried at Railroad Depot, Victoria, Texas. McCloud, James, must, in Feb. 24, 1865; must, out with company Dec 6 1865. ' ' McCue, William, must, in March 2, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec 6,1865. McCray, James, must in March 2, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0, Julys X865 Noland, Thomas, must, in Feb. 28, 1865. Over, Daniel, must, in Feb. 28, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec 6 1865. ' ' Pringle, Daniel, must, in Feb. 28, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec 6,1865. Paul, David, must, in March 1, 1865; disch. by G. 0. July 1, 1865. Phillips, James, must. in^Feb. 24, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. June 23 18G5 Raezer, Daniel S., must, iu March 20, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Ritchey, George S., must, in Feb. 28, 1865; disch. by G. 0. Jnly 11 1865. Rhodes, William, must, in Feb. 28, 1865. Sheatum, William, must, in Jan. 10, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec 6,1865. Stevens, Josiah, must in Feb. 27, 1865 : must, out with company Deo. 6 1865. Stevens, William, must, in Feb. 24, 1865; absent, without leave at must. out. Stevens, Giles, must in Feb. 24, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6 1865. Sprankle, David, must, in Feb. 28, 1865; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Speece, Henry, must in March 2, 1865; must, out with company Dec. 6 1865. Sprankle, Moses, must, in Feb. 28, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. July 1, 1865. Smith, Allen D., must, in Feb. 15,1865; died at Louisville, Ky., June 23 1865. Sprankle, John C, must, in Feb. 28, 1865; died at Nashville, Tenn, May 29, 1865. Stewart, Samuel A., must, in March 2, 1865. Smith, Henry C, must, in Feb. 28, 1865. Tipton, Levi, must, in Feb. 27, 1865; must out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Trueman, Jacob, must, in March 3, 1865 ; died Sept. 16, 1865 ; buried six miles northwest of Victoria, Texas. Temple, Franklin, must in March 6, 1865 ; died Oct. 1, 1865 ; buried sii miles northwest of Victoria, Texas. Valkland, Charles, must, in Jan. 18, 1865 ; absent, Bick, at must, out Walter, Jacob D, must, in Feb. 27, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6,1865. Wright, William, must, in Feb. 28, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec, 6, 1865. Walter, Jacob G., must in Feb. 28, 1865; must, out with company Dee. 6, 1865. Waring, Robert, must, in Feb. 28, 1865 ; absent, on furlough, at must. out. Wright, William E., must, in Feb. 15, 1865; di3ch. by G. 0. Aug. 15, 1865. Weaver, John J., must in Feb. 28, 1865 ; died at Camp Stanley, Texas, Sept. 17, 1865. Zimmerman, William, must, in Feb. 27, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Zimmerman, Samuel, must, in Feb. 27, 1865; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. Zimmerman, Jacob, muBt in Feb. 28, 1865 ; must, out with company Dec. 6, 1865. CHAPTER XXIII. MILITARY— WAR OP THE REBELLION.— (Continual) Eighty-fourth Regiment. — The Eighty-fourth Regiment of Pennsylvania was raised in the summer and fall of 1861, and organized under the following- named field-officers, viz. : Col. William G. Murray (of Hollidaysburg, Blair Co.), Lieut.-Col. Thomas C. McDowell, Maj. Walter Barrett. The rendezvous of the regiment was established at Camp Crossman, WAR OF THE REBELLION. 151 near Huntingdon (which was also, and at the same time, the rendezvous of the One Hundred and Tenth Regiment), but it was removed from this to Camp Curtin about the 1st of December following. The companies composing the regiment were recruited in the counties of Cameron, Clearfield, Columbia, Blair, Dauphin, Lycoming, and Westmoreland. Of these, Blair County furnished two full companies (A and E), and a large proportion of two other companies (C and I), the former of these two being partly raised in Westmoreland, and the latter partly in Clearfield County. The regiment was mustered into the service on the 24th of October, 1861. On Wednesday, November 27th, it left Camp Crossman for Harrisburg, where it arrived the same night, and on the following day pitched its tents at Camp Curtin. On the 21st of December the State colors were presented to the regiment by Gov ernor Curtin. The flag was received by the colonel, and by him placed in charge of Color-Sergeant Stokes, who, on receiving it, said, " Governor and colonel, if I don't return this flag, 'twill be because Ned Stokes will occupy five feet eight on the ground." On Tuesday, December 31st, the regiment left Camp Curtin for Williamsport, Md., proceeding by railroad to Hagerstown, Md., whence it marched to Clear Spring, camping there on the night of January 1st. Moving forward the next morning, it arrived at Han cock at three o'clock p.m., and was quartered in the town for the night. On Friday, January 3d, it crossed the Potomac, and marched to Bath, Va., reaching there at one o'clock p.m., and on the following day had a sharp skirmish with the enemy at that place, the Eighty-fourth being supported by the Thirty-ninth Illinois, with a section of a battery and a small body of cavalry. The enemy (a part of " Stonewall" Jack son's forces) drove in the Union skirmishers at eight o'clock A.M., but was held in check until three o'clock p.m., when the Eighty-fourth and other troops were compelled to retire before the superior Confederate force, and marched by way of Sir John's Run to Hancock, crossing the river at about dark. Gen. Lander arrived at Hancock the same night, and on the following day assumed command of the troops at that place. The enemy who had been fought at Bath followed the retreating Union troops to the Potomac, and shelled the town from the south side of the river. The Union troops were formed in line to resist the enemy should he attempt to cross ; but it was found he had no intention of doing so, his advance being merely a feint to cover his real designs against Komney, Va. Discerning this, Gen. Lander made a counter-movement, marching his regiments to Cum berland, Md., where the other troops of his command were concentrated, and where the Eighty-fourth ar rived on the 12th of January. , During the winter the regiment was posted successively at the railroad bridges over the North Branch and South Branch of the Potomac and at Paw Paw Tunnel. On the 28th of February it was brigaded with the Fourteenth Indiana (Col. Kimball), the Sixty-seventh Ohio (Col. Busenbinder), and Seventh Virginia (Col. Evans). On the 2d of March, Gen. Lander died, and the command devolved on Col. Kimball. On the 5th the regiment moved to Martinsburg, Va., arriving there at midnight of the 6th. On the 11th the First, Sec ond, and Third Brigades were ordered to Winchester, and moved towards that town, arriving at Bunker Hill in the afternoon of the same day, and reaching a point within two miles of Winchester on the night of the 12th. There the information was receiveAthat the town had been evacuated by the Confederates, and thereupon the regiment went into camp, which was named " Camp Kimball." Here Col. Kimball, who had succeeded to the command on the death of Gen. Lander, was himself succeeded by Gen. James Shields. On the 18th of March the regiment moved southward about seventeen miles, passed through Middletown, and bivouacked one mile south of the town. On the 19th the Eighty-fourth marched southward, its advance-guard skirmishing with Ashby's cavalry, and losing slightly in wounded. That night it bivouacked one mile south of Strasburg. On the 20th it left this camp and marched back to Camp Kimball, two miles north of Winchester, which it reached before eight o'clock p.m., having marched twenty-three miles without a halt for rest. On the evening of the 22d of March it moved through Win chester southward to meet the forces of " Stonewall" Jackson, who was reported to be approaching the place. The regiment marched about four miles, and bivouacked two miles south of Winchester. On Sunday morning, March 23d, the Confederate army under Jackson, eleven thousand strong and having twenty-eight pieces of artillery, moved forward to a point near the village of Kernstown, something more than four miles south of Winchester, where at about eleven o'clock A.M.. they attacked Gen. Shields' ad vance brigade, which retired in good order towards the main body. The Eighty-fourth stood in line supporting a battery. The enemy moved up rapidly with infantry and artillery, advancing . through a piece of woods on the right. The Eighty-fourth being ordered to charge moved quickly forward from the high land on the Kernstown road across open ground and entirely without cover to the place where the enemy held a strong position behind a stone wall and partially covered by woods. From this position a most destructive fire was poured in at close range upon the advancing column, but the Eighty-fourth moved forward unflinchingly through the leaden storm. Col. Murray's horse was wounded under him, and he dismounted and marched on foot at the head of his men, but a few minutes later he fell with a rifle-ball in his brain. After the loss of Col. Murray the regiment partially gave way and fell into some 152 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. disorder, but rallied under command of Capt. George Zinn and held its ground. The enemy was forced from his position, and finally retreated in disorder. Gen. Shields, in his official report of this battle, said that the Confederate forces, though strongly posted behind a high and solid stone wall situated on an elevated ground, "were forced back through the woods by a fire as destructive as ever fell upon a re treating foe. Jackson, with his supposed invincible ' Stonewall Brigade' and the accompanying brigades, much to their mortification and discomfiture, were compelled to fall back in disorder upon their reserve. There they took up a position for a final stand, and made an attempt for a few minutes to retrieve the fortunes of the day, but again there rained dowu upon them the same close and destructive fire. A few minutes only did they stand up against it, when they turned dismayed and fled in disorder, leaving us in possession of the field, their killed and wounded, three hundred prisoners, two guns, four caissons, and a thousand stand of small-arms. Night alone saved them from total destruction." The Eighty-fourth, which went into the battle with only about two hundred and sixty fighting men, lost ninety in killed and wounded. Among the killed were Lieut. Charles Reim, of A company; Capt. Gallaher, of E company ; and (as already mentioned) the commanding officer of the regiment, Col. Mur ray, of whose life, services, and death the following sketch is found in " Martial Deeds of Pennsylvania," viz. : William Gray Murray, colonel of the Eighty- fourth Regiment, was born on the 25th day of July, 1825, in the town of Langford, Ireland. He was the eldest son of John and Sarah (Gray) Murray. When but nine months old his parents with their children emigrated to New York, where the father engaged in business. He soon after removed to the interior of the State, and subsequently to Lancaster, and then to Harrisburg, Pa., engaging in active business, and died in 1844. The son, William Gray, being intended for mercan tile life, received a good education in those brandhes best calculated to be useful to him. On leaving school he entered his father's store, but, that he might have the best advantages which could be afforded, he was placed in a large mercantile house in the city of New York, where he remained until the spring of 1845. On coming to his majority in the following year he had perfected arrangements for entering business on his own account, when the Mexican war broke out and he volunteered as a private in the Cameron Guards. He was made a sergeant, and while serving in that capacity at Vera Cruz was appointed a second lieutenant in the Eleventh United States Infantry by President Polk and served with distinction through that war, and upon returning to private life settled in Hollidaysburg. He was energetic in business, as he had been in the army, and b6re a conspicuous part in the political struggles of the time. In 1851 he was married to Miss Elizabeth Dougherty, by whom he had three children, two of whom survive him. In 1852 he was appointed postmaster of Hollidaysburg by President Pierce, and was reappointed by President Buchanan. At the outbreak of the Rebellion he took strong grounds with the Union side and avowed his inten tion of entering the army. A captain's commission in the regular service was tendered him, but his wife being in the last stages of consumption he declined it. Having had much experience in recruiting and organizing troops his counsel was sought, and his services were invaluable in enlisting and pushing forward recruits for the volunteer force. His wife died in August, 1861. A short time afterwards he received authority from Governor Curtin to recruit a regiment of infantry, and, obedient to the promptings of duty, he at once set about the work. On the 19th of December, 1861, his regiment, the Eighty-fourth, marched from camp and was drawn up before the capitol to receive its flag. Governor Curtin, in presenting it, referred to Col. Murray as a tried soldier, and to the men as actuated by the purest and loftiest patriotism, leaving wives, mothers, ani children, and the endearments of home to maintain the laws and the Constitution with the sword. In response Col. Murray said, " I accept this beautiful standard, presented by the Legislature of the Key stone State through you, its honored chief magistrate, in such glowing and eloquent terms. As the period for speech-making has passed and the hour for ener getic action has arrived, my remarks on this occasion shall be brief, as becomes a soldier. In accepting this flag on behalf of the regiment, I do it with the full consciousness of the relations which both officers and men bear to our noble State and the nation whose cause we have espoused. Permit me to thank you, sir, for the terms of commendation in which you have been pleased to speak of the Eighty-fourth and of my humble self, and to assure you that, whatever our fate may be in the future, we will endeavor-, by good conduct and a strict discharge of our duties, to make such a record as will bring no dishonor upon the 'Stars and Stripes' which we go to maintain and defend, or the proud Commonwealth whose sons we deem it an honor to call ourselves. "No shrewish tears shall fill our eyes When the flword hilt's in our hand ; Heart-whole we'll part, and not a sigh ¦* .ft >: For the fairest in the land. Let piping swain and craven wight Thus weep and puling cry, Our business is like men to tight, And hero-like to die." The active campaigning of the regiment commenced on the 1st of January, 1862, when it was led by Col. Murray to Bath, Va., to the relief of the Thirty-ninth Illinois and a section of artillery, commanded by Lieut. Muhlenberg, crossing the Potomac at Hancock, WAR OF THE REBELLION. 153 Md. The opposing force greatly outnumbered them, being estimated at from sixteen to twenty thousand men. After twenty-four hours of irregular skirmish ing, the Union force succeeded in withdrawing across the river and bringing off the guns. In the battle of Winchester, Va., the Eighty-fourth, which from the hard service to which it had been sub jected had been reduced to barely three hundred men, was selected to lead in the assault upon the enemy's batteries, which were securely posted and were par ticularly destructive. The ground was open which they had to cross, and repeated charges were made, which Col. Murray led with great gallantry, officers and men falling on every side, strewing the ground with the dead and the dying. In the midst of the struggle his horse was shot under him. Extricating himself, he renewed the charge on foot. A little later his cap-cover was shot from his head. The carnage was now terrible, the enemy screening themselves be hind a stone wall and a curtain of wood. But, nothing daunted, Col. Murray led on his regiment, and just as it was entering the grove which crowned the summit, while rushing on, with sword in hand, and exclaim ing, " Charge, boys ! charge !" he was struck by a rifle- ball, which, crashing through the bugle of his cap, carrying away the figures " 84" with it, passed through his brain, tearing away the top of his skull. But though fallen, his heroism was not without its reward, for the stronghold in carrying which he had sacrificed his life was taken and the victory gained. His body was received in Harrisburg with imposing ceremonies, the Governor, heads of departments, the two houses of the Legislature, and military and civic societies moving in the sad procession. The body lay in state at the residence of his mother, and was viewed by great numbers. From the capital it was taken to Hollidaysburg, where even more universal sorrow was manifested and tokens of respect were shown. At the residence of his father-in-law, John Dougherty, Esq., thousands of sorrowing friends and relatives gathered, eager to take a last look at the fallen soldier. At St. Mary's Church high mass was celebrated, and a most touching and eloquent discourse was delivered over the remains by the Rev. John Walsh. He was finally laid to rest beside his wife, whom he had but a few months before followed to the grave. Col. Murray was a man of large, active benevolence, warm and ardent in his impulses, though singularly calm and equable, and energetic and untiring in the path of duty. In person he was six feet in height, with a large and muscular frame. He was of light complexion, brown hair, eyes of a bright gray and expressive, features prominent, movements quick, and to courage of the highest order was united a strong sense of religious responsibility. On the 25th of March the Eighty-fourth left its camp south of Winchester and moved ten miles to the little village of Berryville, Va., and remained there as provojst-guard of the town until the 2d of May, when it moved- up the valley, passing through Front Royal, and crossing the Blue Ridge marched eastward to the Rappahannock, and down the valley of that stream to Fredericksburg, where it became a part of the Fourth Brigade of Shields' division of McDowell's (First) corps. Soon afterwards, however, it was or dered back to the Shenandoah Valley to the support of Gens. Banks and Fremont. It arrived at Front Royal May 30th. From that place it moved to Port Republic, reaching there June 8th, and on the 9th took part in a severe engagement with the enemy, the Fourth Brigade being in the advance. The Confed erates in strong force made a desperate and partially successful effort to turn the Union left and come in on its rear, when the Third Brigade came up to the aid of the Fourth, checked the enemy's advance, and he was driven a short distance, but being again heavily reinforced at that point, the Eighty-fourth and other regiments composing the Union force were compelled to retreat, but did so steadily and in good order, though with quite heavy loss. The enemy closely followed up his advantage, and pursued the Third and Fourth Brigades until they reached the place where the First and Second Brigades stood firmly in line. There the retreat was stayed and the battle ended, the Confederates giving up the pursuit and retiring from the field, and the Union forces soon after falling back to Port Republic. From Port Eepublic the Eighty-fourth again moved eastward to the vicinity of Alexandria, Va., and went into camp at Cloud's Mills, where Col. Samuel M. Bowman became its commanding officer, and where the regiment, with the Third and Fourth Brigades, remained until the early part of July, when it again took the field with the army of Gen. John Pope, it being then a part of Ricketts' division of McDowell's corps. Moving to the vicinity of Warrenton, Va., it remained there till the last part of the month, then moved towards Culpeper Court-House, near which place the battle of Cedar Mountain was fought on the 9th of August. On the 14th of August, Gen. Pope advanced to the Rapidan, and remained on that line a few days, then commenced falling back towards Washington, the enemy pursuing and constantly threatening his right and rear. On the 28th, at Thoroughfare Gap, Rick etts' division (which included the Eighty-fourth) fought the entire Confederate corps of Gen. Long- street, who was attempting to force the pass and join "Stonewall" Jackson's forces at Manassas Junction. The division fought until night, then fell back to Bull Run, where the Eighty-fourth, with its brigade, fought all day in the disastrous conflict of the 30th, known as the Second Bull Run battle. The position of the brigade was first on the right and afterwards on the left of the line. It was very heavily engaged during the afternoon, and remained on the field until after dark, at which time it occupied an extremely exposed position far in advance of the other troops, and was 154 HISTORY OP HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. in imminent danger of being cut off by a Confederate division, but finally succeeded, though with great difficulty, in withdrawing from the field and crossing Bull Run in safety. The Eighty-fourth moved that night to Centreville, and from there on the following day to the defenses of Washington. During the succeeding campaign of South Moun tain and Antietam the regiment and its brigade (then forming a part of Gen. Whipple's division) remained at Arlington, where the strength of the Eighty-fourth (which after the battle of August 30th had been re duced to less than eighty men) was largely increased by accessions of recruits and the return of conva lescents. In October it joined the Army of the Po tomac, being made a part of Gen. Franklin's grand division, with which it took gallant part in the great battle of Fredericksburg, losing heavily in killed and wounded, and receiving complimentary mention for its bravery and steadiness from Gen. Carroll in his official report of the operations of the 12th and 13th of December. After the battle of Fredericksburg the Eighty- fourth with its brigade recrossed the Rappahannock and returned to camp at Stoneman's Switch, where (excepting a few days spent on Gen. Burnside' s famous but fruitless " Mud March" in January) it remained during the winter of 1862-63. On the opening of the spring campaign the regiment moved with the army across the Rappahannock and marched to Chancellorsville, where it was hotly engaged in the great battle at that place on the 2d and 3d of May, and remained under a heavy fire during the conflict of the 4th. The division of which the Eighty-fourth was a part having been greatly reduced in numbers by the casualties of the campaign of Chancellorsville, and its commander (Gen. Whipple) having been killed in the battle, was disintegrated and its regiments assigned to other commands, the Eighty-fourth being placed in Carr's brigade, in the Second Corps. The regiment took no part in the battle of Gettysburg, being posted at that time at Westminster, Md., as a guard to the trains of the Second Corps. After the re treat of Gen. Lee from Gettysburg it crossed the Poto mac into Virginia, where, during the remainder of the season of 1863, it fought at Wapping Heights, July 23d and 24th ; at Thoroughfare Gap, October 10th ; at Bristoe's Station, October 14th and 19th ; at Kelly's Ford, November 7th ; at Locust Grove Church, November 28th ; at Mine Run, November 30th, and in several minor engagements, but suffer ing only a light loss in killed and wounded. After the close of the Mine Run campaign the regiment went into winter-quarters near Brandy Station, Va., where a large number of its men re-enlisted for the war and received the usual " veteran furlough." On the opening of the spring campaign of 1864 the Eighty-fourth moved with the army across the Rapidan, passing that river at Germania Ford on the 4th of May and entering the Virginia Wilderness where it was actively engaged in the battles of the 5th and 6th, suffering in the latter a heavy loss among which was that of Lieut.-Col. Opp mortally wounded. Again on the 10th it was engaged at Pa munkey River, and on the 12th joined in the most desperate charge which was made in the Wilderness campaign, the assault on the strong works of the enemy at Spottsylvania Court-House. In the battle and victory of that day the Eighty-fourth took a prominent part, and gave active assistance in the capture of a large number of Confederate prisoners, From the 14th to the 23d it was constantly on the march or in line of battle under fire. On the 23d it fought at North Anna River, charging and carrying the enemy's works. On the 30th it was all day under fire in the battle at Tolopotomy. On the 31st it fought at Pleasant Hill, and again at the same place on the 1st of June, when Lieut. Nixon, of I company, was among the wounded. From Cold Harbor the army crossed the Chicka hominy and marched towards the southeast, having Petersburg for its objective-point. The Eighty-fourth with its brigade crossed the James River on the 14th of June, and on the 16th took part in a general as sault on the bristling lines of the enemy in front of Petersburg. The Second Corps renewed the attack on the 17th, and forced the enemy to yield some of his outer works. On the 27th of July the regiment fought at Deep Bottom, and again at the same place, and near Charles City Cross-Roads, on the 14th of August. On the 1st of October it took part in an assault on the Confederate lines, in which action it was repulsed with severe loss, Lieut.-Col. Zinn being among the seriously wounded. During the month of December, 1864, the men originally enlisted in the Eighty-fourth were mustered out of service, except ing those who had re-enlisted as veterans, who with the recruits of the regiment were organized into a battalion of four companies. This battalion fought at Weldon Railroad October 27th, and again at the same place on the 9th of December. On the 13th of January, 1865, the battalion was consolidated with the Fifty-seventh Pennsylvania Regiment under Col. Zinn, previously lieutenant-colonel of the Eighty- fourth. The Fifty-seventh was mustered out of ser vice on the 29th of June, 1865, having served honor ably through the campaign which was ended by the surrender of the Confederate army by Gen. Lee at Appomattox Court-House. Following is a list of officers and men of the four companies which were entirely or partially raised in Blair County, viz. : EIGHTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. Company A. (Company A mustered out Dec. 12, 1864.) Capt. Robert L. Horrell, res. July 24, 1862. Capt. Jonathan Derno, pro. from 1st lieut. July 24, 1862; res. Oct. 16, 1862. Second Lieut. Charles Reem, killed at Winchester, Va., Manch 23, 1862, WAR OF THE REBELLION. 155 Sergt. James 6. Shannon, disch. Feb. 20, 1863. Sergt Joseph Delehuut, pro. to 2d lieut. March 23, 1862; to capt. Oct. 15, 1862. Sergt. Joseph W. Dougherty, pro. to 2d lieut. Oct. 15, 1862; to 1st lieut. Feb. 25, 1863; vet. Jan. 1, 18G4. Sergt. Simeon B. Barr, trans, to Invalid Corps Aug. 15, 1863. Corp. James Barr, trans, to Invalid Ctfrps Oct. 1, 1863. Lambright, prisoner at Chancellorsville May 3, 1863. Albert, Francis, prisduer Oct. 13, 1863. Bunker, Henry L., must, in Dec. 5, 1861 ; wounded at Tolopotomy May 31, 1864; must, out with company Dec. 12, 1864. Bowers, Cornelius D., wounded at Winchester, Va., March 23, 1862. Benton, David H., trans, to Invalid Corps Aug. 15, 1863. Bullers, William H., disch. March 29, 1863. Burk, Samuel, died Feb. 22, 1863. Beamendorfer, Cyrus W., vet. Jan. 1, 1864. Carl, Anthony, killed at Port Republic. Cruse (add), disch. Feb. 11, 1863. Case, Reuben, disch. Nov. 30, 1862. Cruse, Lewis, corp. Oct. 15, 1862; must, out with company, Dougherty, George A., disch. Oct. 2, 1862. Dannals, William S., must, out with company. Davis, William A., wounded at Winchester, Va., March 23, 1862 ; disch. Aug. 13, 1862. Evans, Frank, must, out with company. Fether, Josiah, disch. Jan. 24, 1862. Frank, Adam, disch. July 11, 1862. Fry, Michael, disch. Oct. 6, 1862. Ferry, Joseph, must, out with company. Gem, Charles, disch. Sept. 24, 1SG2. Garrison, Thomas, must, out with company. Gilroy, Patrick, disch. July 24, 1862. Galloway, Joseph, disch. Oct. 14, 1862. Grimes, Henry, wounded at Winchester, Va., March 23, 1862 ; vet. Jan. 1, 1864. Grimes, Jacob, disch. Nov. 3, 1862. Halpin, James, disch. Aug. 15, 1862. Harbaugh, Jason, must, out with company. Hemler, Joseph, must, out with company. Hileman, William K., sergt. May 3, 1863; must, out with company. Hertzler, Abraham, wounded at Winchester, Va., March 23, 1862 ; trans. to Invalid Corps. James, Jesse T., died Sept. 23, 1863. Eripple, John A , disch. Feb. 13, 1863. Lane, David M., must, out with company. Lowe, William H., prisoner at Port Republic; disch. Oct. 2, 1863. Lewis, John I. Murray, Jacob, disch. Dec. 24, 1862. Maughermer, Sol. D., must, out with company. Mock, Josiah D., disch. Oct. 6, 1862. Mussitveus, George, trans, to Invalid Corps Aug. 15, 1863. McGlue, William, wounded at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862; disch. March 12, 1863. McDonald, D., 1st sergt. Feb. 25, 1863. McCullough, Michael, disch. Jan. 7, 1863. McDonough, John T., trans, to Invalid Corps Aug. 15, 1863. Mclntire, Eli, corp. Feb. 25, 1863. McGrain, John, killed at Locust Grove, Va. McCarry, Morrison, 1st lieut. Oct. 15, 1862 ; res. Feb. 25, 1863. More, Joseph H., 1st sergt. Oct. 15, 1862 : vet. Mason, Robert L., killed at Winchester, Va. Peterson, William A., wounded at Chancellorsville ; trans, to Invalid Corps Jan. 1,1864. Piper, Thomas F., disch. Aug. 26, 1862. Piper, Silas W., 1st sergt. Nov. 1, 1862 ; 2d lieut. Feb. 25, 1863 ; must, out with company. Pickel, Lewis, must, out with company. Pickel, Robert, must, out with company. Pickel, Henry, must, out with company,, Roseleab, William, must, out with company. Smith, John B., wounded at Cedar Mountain ; trans, to Invalid Corps. Spade, George, disch. Dec. 30, 1862. Scott, David, disch. Nov. 10, 1862. Thompson, Thomas, disch. Oct. 20, 1862. Trainer, John, Jan. 1, 1864; vet. Teeters, John, wounded at Bull Run Aug. 30, 1862; disch. March 29, 1863. Zell, Walker, trans, to Invalid Corps Aug. 15, 1863. Waters, John H.( trans, to Invalid Corps Aug. 15, 1863. Wear, John M., must, out with company. Wear, Emanuel, disch. Dec. 10, 1862. Widensall, Jacob, sergt. Aug. 15, 1863 ; vet. Wighaman, John, appointed principal musician Nov. 1,1863; vet.; disoh. Jan. 12, 1865. Wilson, Henry R., prisoner at second Bull Run Aug. 30, 1862; corp. Aug. 15, 1863; must, out with company. Wilie, William. AVi.se, Jacob, wounded at second Bull Run ; disch. Dec. 27, 1862. White, Silas, wounded at Winchester, Va., March 23, 1862. White, Edward, disch. Feb. 13, 1863. Toung, Charles, trans, to Co. F. Zimmerman, John, disch. Oct. 14, 1862. Zimmerman, William, must, out with company. Company C. (Date of muster in Sept. 16, L862, except where noted.) Capt. Abram J. Crissman, must, in Sept. 5, 1861 ; res. July 15, 1862. Capt. B. M. Morron, must, in Sept. 5, 1861 ; pro. from 1st lieut. July 15, 1862 ; res. Sept. 29, 1862. Capt. William Logan, disch. Aug. 28, 1863. Capt. James J. Wirsing, must, in Sept. 16, 1861 ; pro. from 2d to 1st lieut. Jan. 12, 1863 ; wounded at Chancellorsville, Ya., May 3, 1863 ; pro. to capt. Nov. 16, 1863 ; disch. Jan. 3, 1865. First Lieut. Archibald Douglass, must, in Sept. 16, 1861; res. Jan. 11, 1863. First Lieut. Charles Mummey,must. in Dec. 4, 1861 ; captured atChancel- Iorsville, Va., May 3, 1863; pro..from 1st sergt. Dec. 11, 1863 ; disch. March 24, 1864. Second Lieut. Charles O'Neil, must, in Dec. 18, 1861 ; res. April 30, 1862. Second Lieut. William M. Gwinn, must, in Dec. 5, 1861 ; pro. from sergt.- maj. April 23, 1862; res. Sept.19, 1862. Second Lieut. William Hays, pro. from 1st sergt. Jan. 13, 1863 ; wounded and captured at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; disch. Aug. 27, 1863. Second Lieut. Joseph McMaster, pro. to 2d lieut. July 21, 1864 ; disch. March 6, 1865. Sergt. Robert R. Roberts. Sergt. Matthew Campbell. Sergt. Charles McCIune. Sergt. Harrison Hines. Corp. Eli Johnston, trans, to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Corp. John Felgar. Corp. John Stum, wounded at Chancellorsville, Ya., May 3, 1863. Corp. Jeremiah Wirsing. Corp. Joseph Hood. Corp. Moses Clark, captured at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; trans. to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Corp. John Douglass, trans, to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Corp. Peter J. Kesler, trans, to Vet. Rob. Corps ; disch. by G. 0. July 7, 1865. Musician Austin Ringler. Musician John Cramer, trans, to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Aukney, Norman, trans, to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Ayres, John. Albert, John A. Akers, William C, must, in Dec. 5, 1861; died; buried in Wilderness burial grounds, Va. ; vet. Brougher, Aaron. Binkey, Jacob, wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Baldwin, Josiah, trans, to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Barron , Jacob D., wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; trans. to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Bechtel, John. Bullard, Owen, died at Hancock, Md., Jan. 5, 1862. Bonner, Henry W., must, in Oct. 24, 1861 ; trans, to Co. A ; vet. Blumroder, William. Bair, John, Boose, Isaac. Bowers, C. D. Beissert, Herman, captured at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Berkstresser, John. Berry, John. Bales, Adam. Boyles, Dennis, must, in Aug. 6, 1864; substitute. Cookensberg, Fred., must, in Sept. 16, 1862. Campbell, William, must, in Sept. 16, 1862 ; tranB. to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Campbell, Isaiah, must, in Sept. 16, 1862. 156 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Campbell, John E., must, in Sept. 16, 1862; trans, to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Curry, Charles W., disch. for wounds received at Winchester, Va., March 23, 1862. Cruse, Lewis. Crothers, William. Cruse, Michael. Clark, John. Curry, Constantino. Campbell, John T. Collins, Michael. Camerer, Daniel. Camerer, John, must, in Dec. 5, 1861 ; trans, to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Carroll, Thomas. Cornmesser, Charles, died at Davidsburg, Pa. Douglass, Reed A., must, in Sept. 16, 1862 ; trans, to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V.f Jan. 13, 1865. Duffey, Michael. Fry, Michael, Sr., must, in Sept. 16, 1862. Fry, Michael, Jr., must, in Sept. 16, 1862. Freeman, George S., must, in Sept. 16, 1862 ; killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, -1863. Flegal, Summerfield. Geisy, John, must, in Sept. 16, 1862; trans, to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V.» Jan. 13,1865. Grimes, John. Grimes, Henry. Grimes, Jacob. Hoffer, Jesse, must, in Sept. 16, 1862 ; trans, to Yet. Res. Corps; disch. July 14, 1865. Harman, Eli, must, in Sept. 16, 1862; trans, to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Hays, George, must, in Sept. 16, 1862 ; killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Hays, Clement H., must, in Sept. 16, 1862. Hoffer, Jeremiah, must, in Sept. 16, 1862. HineB, John, must, in Sept. 16, 1862. Hoffer, George, must, in Sept. 16, 1862; trans, to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Hoffer, Samuel, must, in Sept. 16, 1862; trans, to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Hileman, William C, must, in 1861; died of wounds received at Win chester, Va., March 23, 1862. Hileman, William K., must, in 1861. Hertzler, Abraham, must, in 1861; disch. for wounds received at Win chester, Ya., March 23, 1862. Johnston, John, must, in Sept. 16, 1862; captured at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; trans, to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Johnston, Jacob, must, in Sept. 16, 1862. Johnston, Uriah, must, in Sept. 16, 1862. Jennings, John. Johnston, Isaac. Kesler, James, must, in Sept. 16, 1862. Konkle, Samuel, must, in Sept. 16, 1862 ; trans, to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Kuhns, Daniel, must, in Sept. 16, 1862; trans, to Yet. Res. Corps; disch. Jime 30, 1865. Knox, Henry, must, in Sept. 16, 1862. Knox, Jacob M., must, in Sept. 16, 1862 ; trans, to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Kissel, George, must, in Sept. 16, 1862. Keech, Leco, killed at Winchester, Va., March 23, 1862; buried in Na tional Cemetery, lot 10. Kinney, Terrence. Kephart, David A. Long, Thomas. Lever, John. Lahey, Thomas. Moore, Josiah A., must, in Sept. 16, 1862 ; captured at ChancellorBville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; trans, to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V. Miller, George A., must, in Sept. 16, 1862. Moore, Robert C, must, in Sept. 16, 1862. Montacue, Edward, must, in Sept. 16, 1862 ; trans, to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Miller, William S., must in Sept. 16, 1862 ; trans, to Co. H, 67th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Miller, Martin, must, in Sept. 16, 1862. MinI,„Adam, must, in Sept. 16, 1862. Miller, Noah, must, in Sept. 16, 1862 ; trans, to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan 13,1865. Miller, Daniel M., must, in Sept. 16, 1862; died Dec. 9, 1862 ; buried in Military Asylum Cemetery, D. C. Martheny, JameB, must, in Sept. 16, 1862. Moody, Marshall, must, in Sept. 16, 1862; killed at Chancellorsville Va, May 3, 1863. Mickey, John S., must, in Sept. 16, 1862. Mathews, John, must, in Sept. 16, 1862; died Dec. 23, 1862; buried in Military Asylum Cemetery, D. C. Murphy, John. Mason, Robert. Morningstar, Peter, must, in Oct. 24, 1861 ; trans, 'to Co. H, 57th Regt, P. V., Jan. 13, 1865; vet. Musans, George. Mort, Adam. Miller, Mahlon B. Myers, James, killed at Winchester, Va., March 23, 1862, Moore, Joseph H., must, in Dec, 1861 ; trans, to Co. A. Mcllvaine, Robert, muBt. in Aug. 22,1862; trans, to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. McGraw, John. McGirr, James. McCoy, Patrick. McKinney, John W. McCartney, Morr'n. Nedow, Henry, must, in Sept. 16, 1862 ; trans, to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Nickles, Edward, must, in Sept. 16, 1862. Noel, Charles. Osborne, William. Pane, William S., must, in Sept. 16, 1862. Padan, William J., must, in Sept. 16, 1862. Pickel, Lewis. Pickel, Henry, must, in Oct. 24, 1861 ; trans, to Co. A ; vet. Pickel, Robert. Queer, William, must, in Sept. 16, 1862; trans, to Co. H, 57th Regt, P, V., Jan. 13, 1865. Reese, George B., must, in Sept. 16, 1862. Roadman, Perry H., must, in Sept. 16, 1862. Richards, Thomas, must, in Sept. 16, 1862 ; trans, to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. Y., Jan. 13, 1865. Rodkey, William. Rick, Felix. Reed, Lewis S. Rinard, Jacob. Smith, Henry II., must, in Sept. 16, 1862 ; captured at Chancellors villa, Va., May 3, 1863 ; trans, to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Stum, Henry, must, in Sept. 16, 1862 ; died July 20, 1863 ; buried in Mili tary Asylum Cemetery, D. C. Shawley, Paul, must, in Sept. 16, 1862. Shawley, Jonathan, must, in Sept. 16, 1862 ; wounded at Chancellors ville, Va., May 3, 1863; trans, to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Shawley, Conrad, must, in Sept. 16, 1862. Shultz, John L., must, in Sept. 16, 1862 ; wounded at ChancellorBville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; trans, to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Showman, Joseph, must, in Sept. 16, 1862. Satterfield, Herman. Spidel, Jacob. Stalman, David. Teeter, Samuel. Scott, David. Teeter, John. Shoup, Nathaniel. Taylor, Robert. Shreder, John W. Trainor, John, must, in Dec. 5, 1861 ; trans, to Co. A ; vet. Templeton, Roland. Thomas, Wilkin A. White, John W., muBt. in Sept. 16, 1862. Wissinger, William G., must, in Sept. 16, 1862. WisBinger, Harrison, must, in Sept. 16, 1862 ; wounded at ChancellorB ville, Va., May 3, 1863. Walters, Edward, must, in Sept. 16, 1862 ; trans, to Co. E. Waight, Aaron, killed at Winchester, Va., March 23, 1862. Wilson, Henry R. White, Edward. Wise, Jacob. White, James. Whittaker, William. White, Silas. Wimer, William R. Wingate, J. Russell, must, in Dec. 24, 1861 ; trans, to Co. D. Young, Martin, disch. for wounds received in action. Company E. Capt. Patrick Gallagher, must, in Sept. 5, 1861 ; killed at Winchester, Va., March 23, 1862, Capt. Patrick F. Walsh, must, in Sept. 6, 1861 ; pro. from 1st lieut. March 23, 1862 ; res. Oct. 15, 1862. WAR OF THE REBELLION. 157 Capt. Alexander Dobbins, must, in Aug. 12, 1862 ; pro. from private Oct. 15, 1862 ; res. May 23, 1863. Capt. Albert A. Steinman, must, in Oct. 24, 1861 ; pro. from Borgt. to 1st sergt. Jan. 1, 1862, to 2d lieut. March 23, 1862, to 1st lieut. Aug. 2, 1862, to capt. Nov. 2,1863; wounded and captured May 8,1863; reB. Dec. 23, 1863. Capt? Robert Johnson, must, in 1861 ; pro. to 2d lieut. Aug. 12, 1862, to 1st lieut. Nov. 2, 1863, to capt. Jan. 1, 1861 ; must out Dec. 6, 1864. 1st Lieut. Alex. H. Taylor, must, iu Dec. 5, 1861; pro. from corp. to sergt. March 23, 1862, to 2d lieut. May 23, 1863, to 1st lieut. Jan. 2, 1864 ; must, out Dec. 6, 1864, expiration of term. 2d Lieut. John Maloney, must, in Sept. 6, 1862 ; res. March 18, 1862. 2d Lieut. John 0. Wolf, must, in 1861; wouuded and captured at Chan cellorsville, Va., May 3, 1864 ; muBt. out Deo. 6, 1864, expiration of term. 1st Sergt. Darsey B. Houck, must, in 1861 ; pro. from sergt. March 23, 1862. Sergt. Henry W. Moyer, must, in 1861. Sergt. Hugh Smith, must, in 1861 ; pro . from Corp. Jan. 1, 1862. Sergt. Philip Smith, must. In 1861. Oorp. William Curtis, must, in 1861 ; pro. to Corp. April 15, 1862. Corp. James Gallaher, must, in Dec. 5, 1861 ; pro. to Corp. Feb. 16, 1862 ; trans, to Co. A ; vet. Corp. Joseph Ledger, must, in 1861 ; pro. to corp. Jan. 4, 1862. Corp. George W. Lower, must, in 1861 ; pro. to corp. April 1, 1862 ; trans. to Co. I, 57th Begt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865 ; vet. Musician Gemmel Baiter, must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. I Feb. 17, 1862. Musician Stephen Holoran, must, in 1861. Musician James C. Boiler, must, in Oct. 24, 1861 ; trans, to Co. A. Aurandt, Alfred, must, in 1861; captured at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 18-63 ; trans, to Co. I, 57th Begt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865; vet. Aeble, James B., must, in Dec. 24, 1861; trans, to Co. A Dec. 1861. Abt, Joseph, must, in Dec. 1861 ; trans, to Co. I Feb. 17, 1862. Austin, Ashnel, must, in Dec. 1861. Ake, Samuel V. B., wounded and captured at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Black, Daniel, must, in 1871 ; died at Point Lookout, Md., Dec. 21, 1862. Benton, Miles, must, in 1861. Bacon, Daniel, must, in 1861 ; vet. Baker, John D., must, in 1861. Bears, Reuben, must, in 1861. Brubaker, Emanuel, must, in 1861 ; died of wounds received at Winches ter, Va., March ,23, 1862. Barr, Silas J., must, in 1861. Burgett, Elias, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; wounded at Chancellorsville, ' May 3, 1863 ; trans, to Co. G, 57th Begt. P. V., June 13, 1865. Briner, James, captured at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863; died at Alexandria, Dec. 14, 1864; grave 2928. Cain, John, must, in 1861. Cassidy, Christopher, must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. I Feb. 17, 1862. Craig, John, must, in 1861. Conrad, Robert A., must, in 1S61. Colburt, James, must, in 1861. Cleveiiger, Jonathan J., must, in March 25, 1864 ; trans, to Co. I, 57th Begt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Cramer, Jacob, must, in- March 9, 1864 ; died at Annapolis, Md., March 16, 1865. Downig, James, must, in 1861. Dovore, Samuel B., must, in 1861. Devore, Daniel, must, in 1861. Dunn, John, Sr., must, in 1861. Downs, Thomas, killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Eberhart, Jacob M., must, in 1861, Estep, Henry E., captured at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863; trans- to Co. I, 57th Begt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Enders, Joseph, must, in Dec. 5, 1861; captured at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; trans, to Co. A ; vet. Enders, Michael, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; captured at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; trans, to Co. G, 57th Kegt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Estep, David, must, in Sept. 23, 1862 ; captured ; died at Salisbury, N. £, Dec. 6, 1864. Estep, Elijah, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; trans, to Co. I, 67th Begt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Friel, Hugh, must, in 1861 ; captured at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Funk, Alexander, must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. I Feb. 17, 1862. Flemmey, Stephen, must, in 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. June 3, 1862. Ford, Patrick, must, in 1861. Fry, John C, must, in Dec. 5, 1861 ; trans, to Co. H, 57th Begt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1866. Flanegan, George A., must, in April 8, 1864; captured; died at Salis bury, N. C, Oct. 29,1864. Gorman, Thomas, must, in 1861. Galloway, John, must, in 1861. Gallaher, William, must, in 1861. Gates, Jeremiuh, must, in 1861; killed at Winchester, Va., March 23, 1862. Gates, F. N., must, in 1861. Gates, William H., must, in 1861. Glass, John, must, in March 30, 1864 ; died at Carlisle, Pa., April 7, 1864. Hancuff, Thomas W., must, in 1861 ; killed at Winchester, Va., March 23, 1862. Ilurkins, Patrick P., must, in 1861. Hurley, William, must, in April 6, 1864 ; trans, to Co. 1, 57th Begt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Hale, Samuel, must, in March 27, 1864; trans, to Co. I, 57th Begt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Johnston, James, killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Kelly, John, must, in 1861; killed at Winchester, Va., March 23,1862. Kelly, George W., must, in 1861. Kelly, James W., must, in 1861. Kinsel, William H., must, in 1861. King, James, must, in Dec. 24, 1861 ; trans, to Co. D Deo. 1861. King, Daniel, must, in April 12, 1864; trans, to Co. I, 67th Begt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Kelly, Henry F., must, in May 30, 1864. Kelly, William D., must, in May 30, 1864. Lynch, Robert, must, in Dec. 24, 1861 ; trans, to Co. D Dec. 1861. Lissick, Samuel, must, in Nov. 2, 1862 ; captured at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; trans, to Co. I, 67th Kegt. P. V., June 13, 1865. Lias, James M., must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; captured at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; trans, to Co. I, 57th Kegt. P. V., June 13, 1865. Lucas, Daniel, killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Mock, William H., must, in 1861. Miller, Henry, must, in 1861. Morrison, John, must, in Dec. 24,1861 ; trans, to Co. D Dec. 1861. Murray, Ferdinand, must, in Dec. 24, 1861 ; trans, to Co. D Dec. 1861. Miller, James, wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; trans, to Co. I, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Miller, Jacob W., must, iu April 12, 1864 ; trans, to Co. I, 57th Begt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. MorriB, James, must, in March 30, 1864 ; died ; buried in Wilderness burial-grounds, Va. McElwell, William, must, in 1861 ; wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. McDermott, Charles, must, in 1861. McCloskey, Henry, must, in 1861. McMauus, James, must, in 1861. Mclntyre, Henry, must, in 1861. McDermott, C. B., must, in 1861. McLaughlin, Henry, muBt. in 1861 ; trans, to Co. G, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865 ; vet. McGonigle, Julius C, must, in Sept. 15, 1862; wounded and captured at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; trams, to Co. I, 57th Begt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Nixon, Alban H., must, in Oct. 24, 1861 ; trans, to Co. I. Feb. 17, 1862. Nunt- maker, James, wounded and captured at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Nash, Adam, must, in Sept. 15,1862; trans, to Co. I, 67th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Nash, Samuel, killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Newhouse, William, must, in March 30, 1864; trans, to Co. 1, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Orth, John, must, in Dec. 26, 1861. Obenour, Theohold, died at Alexandria, July 2d, of wounds reed, at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863; grave 874. Painter, William, must, iu 1861. Peiglit, Joseph, must, in 1861. Pierce, William S., must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. G, 67th Begt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Patterson, Andrew J., must, in 1861. Potter, William M., died of wounde reed, at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Patterson, Robert G., disch. by special order. 158 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Parks, George W., must, in March 25, 1864; trans, to Co. 1, 57th Begt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Bumbarger, Benjamin, must, in 1861. Bockwell, Milton, must, in Dec. 5, 1861; trans, to Co. A; vet. Richards, Charles W., must, in Dec. 5, 1861; trans, to Co. I, 67th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Betzer, Joseph, must, in 1861. Rodkey, James. Bhule, James, killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Stewart, William C, must, in 1861 ; captured ; died at Salisbury, N. C, Oct. 24, 1864. Sanders, John A., must, in Dec. 24, 1861; trans, to Co. D December, 1861. Sharp, William, must, in 1861. Spidel, Joseph, must in 1861. Snare, Henry H., must, in Dec. 5, 1861 ; wounded and captured &i Chan cellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; trans, to Co. A. Stewart, David A , must, in Sept. 30, 1863 ; trans, to Co. I, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13,1865. Schreck, Jacob, captured at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Shafer, John, must, in March 25,1864; captured; died at Andersonville, Ga., July 26, 1864; grave 4009. Shafer, Jacob, must, in March 25, 1864 ; died at City Point, Va., Jan. 17, 1865. Smith, Theodore, must, in May 30, 1864. Tasker, Eli, must, in 1861. Tetwiler, Andrew, must, in Oct. 24, 1861 ; captured at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; trans, to Co. A. Temple, James, must, in 1861. Taylor, William, must, in 1861 ; captured at Port Bepublic, Va., June 9, 1862 ; killed at Chancellorsville May 3, 1863. Tetwiler, Joseph, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; trans, to Co. T, 57th Begt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Tetwiler, Anthony, wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Vincent, George W., wounded and captured at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Vansickle, John W., must, in Feb. 27, 1864; died April 1, 1864; buried in National Cemetery, Culpeper Court-House, Va., block 1, section A, row 6, grave 188. Warsiug, James, must, in 1861. White, Charles, must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. I Feb. IT, 1862. Wilson, John F., must, in 1861. Wittier, Jacob M., must, in 1861. Weaver, Maurice, must, in 1861. Walters, Edward, must, in Sept. 16, 1862; captured at Chancellorsville May 3, 1863 ; trans, to Co. H, 57th Begt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Company I. Capt. Joseph L. Curby, must, in Sept. 25, 1861 ; res. Sept. 10, 1862. Capt. John II. Comfort, must, in Nov. 17, 1862 ; res. Nov. 24, 1862. Capt. Arthur C. Gilbert, must, in June 5, 1862; pro. from sergt. Co. H. to 1st lieut. Oct. 1, 1862, to capt.; res. April 15, 1863. Capt. John R. Ross, muBt. in Nov. 15, 1862; pro. from 1st lieut. May 1, 1863 ; wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; pro. to brevet maj. April 9, 1865 ; trans, to Co. I, 57th Kegt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. First Lieut. Isaac Hooper, must, in Sept. 16, 1861 ; res. Feb. 14, 1862. First Lieut. Clarence L. Barrett, must, in Feb. 1, 1862 ; pro. from 2d lieut. Feb. 15, 1862; res. Aug. 2, 1862. First Lieut. John B. Ferguson, must, in 1861 ; pro. from 1st sergt. to 2d lieut. Feb. 25, 1862, to 1st lieut. ; res. Nov. 15, 1862. First Lieut. George S. Good, must, in Nov. 17, 1862; pro. from 2d lieut. May 1, 1863 ; wounded and captured at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3 1863; captured at Mine Bun Nov. 30, 1863; disch. Dec. 31, 1864. Second Lieut. John W. Paulley, must, in Sept. 25,1861; res. Jan. 31 1862. Second Lieut. Alban H. Nixon, must, in Oct. 24, 1861 ; pro. from sergt. to 2d lieut. March 3, 1862, to 1st lieut. Co. K Jan. 18, 1863. First Sergt. Hiram F. Willis, must, in Sept. 20, 1862 ; pro. to 1st sergt. • com. 2d lieut. May 1, 1863; not must.; wounded at Chancellors ville, Va., May 3, 1863; disch. to accept com. in Vet. Res. Corps. Sergt. Thomas Gouldsberry, must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K, 1862. Sergt. A. G. Jamison, must, in 1861. Sergt. Wm. Clouser, must, in 1861. Sergt. Wm. W. Albach, must, in 1861; trans, to Co. K, 1862. Corp. Johnson Cassidy, must, in 1861; trans, to Co. K, 1862. Corp. James Gorman, must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K, 1862. Corp. Ellis Hart, must, in 1861 ; disch. Corp. Robert Jamison, must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K, 1862. Corp. Isaac Manes, must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K, 1862. Corp. Alexander Beed, must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K, 1862. Corp. Joseph Bepetto, must, in 1861. Corp. Charles White, must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K, 1862. Musician Simon C. Whitmer, must, in 1861. Adams, Thomas, must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K, 1862. i Avery, Howard D., must, in Sept. 30, 1862; trans, to Co. I, 57th Bert P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Apt, Joseph, must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K, 1862. Brady, John, must, in 1861 ; disch. May 10, 1862. Bennett, Joseph, must, in 1861. Bowers, Henry C, must, iu 1861 ; trans, to Co. K, 1862. Baltzer, Houser, must, in 1861 ; disch. Brigham, Jacob N., must, in Sept. 30, 1862 ; captured at Chancellorsville Va., May 3, 1863 ; died Aug. 2, 1864, buried in Cypress Hill Csme! tery, L. I. Brown, Daniel L., must, in; died at Annapolis, Md., June 15, of wounds received at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Brush, Eliphalet W., must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. I, 57th Begt. P. V Jan. 13, 1865. Brigham, Virgil, must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. I, 57th Begt P.V. Jan. 13 1865. Branning, Lot, must, in 1861. Brigham, Oren D., must, in 1861 ; captured at Chancellorsville, Vi- May 3, 1863 ; trans, to Co. I, 67th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Brush, Oliver S., must, in 1861. Brigham, Truman, must, in 1861. Bone, William, must, in Oct. 29, 1862 ; tranB. to Co. J, 67th Regt P. V. Jan. 13, 1865. Barnhart, Demetr's, must, in Nov. 4, 1862 ; trans, to Co. I, 57th Begt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Bastian, Jacob, must, in Sept. 27, 1862 ; trans, to Co. B. Burk, James, must, in Sept. 29, 1862. Boyer, Samuel H., must, iu Oct. 6, 1862. Boyer, Dauiel C, must, in Oct. 16, 1862; died June 12, 1864; buried in National Cemetery, Arlington, Va. Bliss, Nelson, must in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K 1862. Bailey, Newton, must, in 1861 ; tranB. to Co. K 1862. Bailey, Samuel, must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K 1862. Booze, William, must, in 1861; trans, to Co. K 1862. Baker, Gemmil, must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K 1862. Bidwell, Anson N., must, in March 31, 1864 ; trans, to Co. 1, 67th Regt, P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Barrett, Walter, must, in March 31, 1864. Campbell, John B , must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K 1862. Curry, Samuel, must, in 1861 ; disch. Colmer, George W., must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K 1862. Cramer, John, must, in 1861. Cunningham, John, must, in 1861. Campbell, Wayne, must, in Oct. 29, 1862 ; wounded at Chancelloravilb, Va., May 3, 1863 ; trans, to Co. I, 57th Begt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Campbell, Lartis, must, in Oct. 29, 1862 ; trans, to Co. I, 57th Regt. P. V, Jan. 13, 1865. Clements, John, must, in Nov. 6, 1862. Culp, Valentine, must, in 1861. Cassidy, Christopher, must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K in 1862. Charles, John J., muBt. in March 31, 1864; trans, to Co. I, 57th Begt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Davis, John H., muBt. in 1861 ; disch. Dexter, Elias, must, in Sept. 30, 1862. Davy, JudBon, must, in Sept. 30, 1862; trans, to Co. I, 57th Begt. P.V, Jan. 13, 1865. Davis, James A., must, in Sept. 30, 1862 ; trans, to Co. I, 67th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Duaenhaffer, Frank, must, in Nov. 4, 1862; captured at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; trans, to Co. I, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Dosh, John, muBt. in 1861. Elmore, Daniel, must, in Oct. 25, 1862. Evens, John, must, in 1861. Evens, Henry, must, in 1861. Funk, Alexander, must, in 1861 ; died. Farley, Sidney, must, in 1861. Ferguson, John H., must, in 1861; wounded at Port Bepublic, Va., June 9, 1862; trans, to Co. K in 1862. Ferguson, James H., must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K in 1862. Frampton, William, must, in Sept. 30, 1862. WAR OF THE REBELLION. 159 Frampton, John W., must, in Sept. 30, 1862. Frampton, Isaac, must, in March 31, 1864. Green, John, must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K in 1862. Glnnt, Abraham, must, in 1861 ; died. Gavitt, Joseph M., must, in Sept. 30, 1862. Guthrie, John G., must, in Nov. 4, 1862. Gibson, Edward, must, in Sept. 15, 1862. Gearhart, CharleB, must, iu Nov. 6, 1862. Garretson, Theodore J., must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K in 1862. Gilnett, Jacob, must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K in 1882. Gaston, John R., must, in March 31, 1864. Hoggencamp, John, must, in Sept. 30, 1862. Hoffmann, William, must, in Sept. 30, 1862; captured; died at Alex- dria, Va., Feb. 8, 1865 ; grave 2993. Haas, James, must, in Oct. 6, 1862 ; trans, to Co. G, 57th Begt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Haas, Jonathan, must, iu Sept. 15, 1862 ; trans, to Co. G, 57th Begt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Harp, George W., must, in Oct. 6, 1862. Hughes, Samuel, must, in 1861. Hart, Peter S., must, in 1861 ; wounded on picket June 19, 1864 ; trans, to Co. K, 57th Begt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865 ; vet. Hoffman, George, must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K in 1862. Hagerty, William, must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K in 1862. Haneigh, Uriah, must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K in 1862. Hepburn, James, must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K in 1862. Heitzenrether, John, must, in 1861. Hart ridge, Robert, must in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K in 1862. Hofford, Joel, must, iu 1861 ; trans, to Co. K in 1862. Haines, James A., -must, in 1861. Hare, Samuel, must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K in 1862. Hallowell, William A., must, in 1861. Hanes, Ephraim, must, in March 3, 1864. Hagerty, Patrick, must, iu March 30, 1864. Hulse, Samuel H., must, in March 31, 1864. Johnson, Samuel, must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K in 1862. Jackson, Chester T., must, iu Sept. 30, 1862. Jefferson, James, must, in Sept. 29, 1862. Kessler, Jacob, must iu Sept. 30, 1862-; captured at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Kessler, Levi, must, in Sept. 30, 1862 ; trans, to Co. I, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Krigbaum, Orlando, must, in Oct. 6, 1862 ; trans, to Co. G, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Kratzer, William, must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K in 1862. Lydic, Robert L., must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K in 1862. Lydic, Joseph L., must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K in 1862. Lukens, Justice, must, in Sept. 30, 1862. Luke. David, must, in Sept. 30, 1862. Lloyd, George, must, in Sept. 15, 1862. Lawrence, A. B., must, iu Sept. 15, 1862 ; trans, to Co. B. Lawrence, H. K., must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; trans, to Co. B. Lewis, James M., must, in May 17, 1862; trans, to Co. H. Manes, Ellis, must, in 1861. Miller, Isaac, must, in 1861. Michaels, Orange J., must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K iu 1862. Miles, John, must, in 1861 ; disch. Mark, John, must in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K in 1862. Mosher, James, must, in Sopt. 30, 1862. Marks, George W., must, in Sept. 30, 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Ees. Corps; disch. July 5, 1865. Mosher, Andrew J., must, in Sept. 30, 1862; wounded at Chancellors ville, Va., May 3, 1863; trans, to Co. I, 57th Begt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Markles, John L., must, in Sept. 30, 1862 ; wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 13, 1863. Marks, Andrew J., must in Sept. 30,1862; captured at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; trans, to Co. I, 57th Kegt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Mosher, John, must, in Sept. 30, 1862. Myers, John P., must, in Sept. 30, 1862 ; wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Mitchell, Amos J., must, in Sept. 30, 1862. Mitchell, Virgil B., must, in Oct. 29, 1862 ; wounded at Chaucellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Miller, Jacob S., must, in Deo. 21, 1861 ; trans, to Co. K, 1863. Maghar, Dennis, must, in March 30, 1864. McGowen, Daniel, must, in Sept. 80, 1862. McAleer, John, must, in 1861. McCracken, F., must, in 1861. McCracken, Philip, must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K, 1862. McAfoose, William, must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K, 1862. North, Edwin, must, in Sept. 30, 1862 ; wounded at ChancellorBville, Va., May 3, 1863; tranB. to Co. I, 57th Begt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Olinger, Samuel, must, in 1861 ; died at Alexandria, Va., July 18, 1862. Oliver, William, must, in Sept. 30, 1862. Ostrander, Levi, must in Sept. 30, 1862 ; trans, to Co. 1, 57th Begt P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Parsons, George C, must, in .Sept. 30, 1862. Poudler, John, must, in 1861. Pardee, Theodore, must, in 1861 ; drowned at Hancock, Md. Potter, Jackson, must, in 1861 ; died at Alexandria, Va. Reed, Jacob, must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K, 1862. Reed, James, must, in 1861. Bodkey, Robert L., must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K, 1862. Rogers, George W., must in Sept. 30, 1862 ; trans, to Co. K, 57th Kegt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Bobbins, Arthur, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; trans, to Co. B. Barnard, Jacob, must, in Nov. 6, 1862. Bue, James, must, in March 31, 1864 ; trans, to Co. I, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Robinson, James G., must, in March 31,1864; trans, to Co. K,57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. SutlifT, David L., must, in Sept. 30, 1862 ; died Aug. 1, 1863 ; buried in 'National Cemetery at Antietam, Md,, section 26, lot D, grave 409. Sutliif, Joseph G., must, in Sept. 30, 1862 ; died May 19, 1864; buried in National Cemetery at Arlington, Va. Skinner, Jerome, must, in Sept. 30, 1862. Sherwood, Bradley, must, in Sept. 30, 1862 ; trans, to Co. I, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Scott, Jesse, most, in Oct. 29, 1862. Schemerhorn, H. E., must, in Oct. 29, 1862. Shisler, John, must in Sept. 15, 1862. Stebbius, Cyrus, must, in Nov. 14, 1862. Scott, William, must, in Sept. 15, 1862. Simonton, John W., must, in 1861 ; captured ; died at Richmond, Va., March 27, 1864. Sell, Henry, must, in 1861 ; discharged. Stugart, Henry, must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K, 1862. Shankle, John B., must, in 1861 ; trans, to Co. K, 1862. Stanberger, D. F., must, in 1861. Sayers, Robert, must, in March 31, 1864. Taylor, Hamlet H., must, in March 31, 1864; trans, to Co. H, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13,1865. Taylor, George, must, in Sept. 30, 1862. Ulrich, Adam, must, in Sept. 15, 1862 ; trans, to Co. B. Varner, John, must in 1861. Wisner, Thomas, must in 1861. Weaver, Franklin, must, in 1861; trans, to Co. K, 1862. Woodward, John, must, in 1861. White, Samuel C, must, in Sept. 30, 1862. White, Osmer, must, in Sept. 30, 1862. Wright, James, must, in Sept. 30, 1862. Williams, Samuel, must, in Sept 30, 1862. Wilton, George W., must, in Sept. 30, 1862. Wood, Moses, must, in Sept. 30, 1862 ; trans, to Co. I, 57th Regt. P. V., Jan. 13, 1865. Wood, Uenry D., must. in Sept. 30,1862; trans, to Co. 1, 57th Begt. P.V. Jan. 13, 1865. Williams, Richard, must, in Sept. 30, 1852. Whipple, Abraham, must in Sept. 15, 1862. Wadsworth, Andrew, must in Sept. 27, 1862. 160 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. CHAPTER XXIV. MILITARY— WAR OF THE REBELLION.— (Continued.) NINETY-SECOND REGIMENT (NINTH CAVALBY)-THE ONE HUNDRED AND TENTH REGIMENT— THE TWELFTH CAV ALRY. To the Ninth Cavalry Regiment of Pennsylvania Huntingdon County contributed one company, des ignated as Company M, and commanded by Capt. George W. Patterson. The other companies of the regiment were recruited in the counties of Perry, Dauphin, Luzerne, Susquehanna, Lancaster, Cum berland, Mifflin, and Northampton. The rendezvous of the regiment was at Camp Cam eron, Harrisburg, where it was organized in the fall of 1861, under command of Col. Edward C. Williams, of Harrisburg. On the 20th of November it left Camp Cameron and proceeded by rail to Pittsburgh, and thence by steamboat on the Ohio River to Jeffer- sonville, Ind., opposite Louisville, Ky., where it went into camp. In January, 1862, it moved into Ken tucky, and went into camp at Green River, where it remained several weeks. It was then divided into three battalions (respectively under command of the colonel, lieutenant-colonel, and Maj. Jordan), which were posted in different parts of the State for protec tion against guerrillas, particularly those commanded by the rebel Gen. John H. Morgan, who were then raiding and committing depredations in every direc tion. In the early part of March the three battalions were ordered to Tennessee. At Gallatin, in that State, on the 4th of May, Maj. Jordan's battalion fought Morgan's forces, capturing two hundred and ninety- one of the command and putting the rest to rout. The same battalion again fought Morgan at Spring Creek on the 14th of May, and on the 6th of June was engaged at Moore's Hill, Ky., with a force of Confederate cavalry under Col. Hamilton.' Again, on the 9th of July, the major's battalion became sharply engaged at Tompkinsville, Ky., with a force of two thousand men under Morgan. Its loss in this battle was twenty-four killed and wounded and nine teen taken prisoners, while the losses of Morgan's command were nearly ten times as great. Early in August, 1862, when a large Confederate force under Gen. Kirby Smith was advancing through Kentucky for the purpose of attacking Cincinnati, the three battalions of the Ninth were reunited at . Lebanon, Ky. After the battle of Richmond, Ky., the Ninth Cavalry did gallant service, fighting con tinually while covering the rear of the retreating division of Gen. William Nelson. The regiment reached Louisville when the Confederate army of Gen. Bragg and the Union army under Gen. Buell were approaching that city, each striving to reach it in advance of the other. Buell was successful, and upon his arrival at Louisville Bragg turned back and marched his army towards Tennessee. Buell's army followed in pursuit, leaving Louisville October 1st the Ninth Pennsylvania and Second Michigan Cav alry Regiments leading the advance to Perryville Ky., where a general battle was fought on the 8th The Pennsylvania and Michigan cavalry regiments fought the Confederate infantry and held them at bay until the arrival of McCook's. (Union) corps. The loss of the regiment at Perryville was thirty-seven killed and wounded. After the battle of Perryville the Ninth was ordered to Louisville, where horses were furnished to those of the men who had been dismounted, amounting to more than half the regiment. It then moved with the Second Michigan to Nicholasville, and thence in the latter part of December to and across the Cumberland Mountains, and crossing the Cumberland and Clinch Rivers (by swimming the horses), and reached the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad, where on the 1st of January they fought (dismounted) a heavy force of cavalry belonging to the command of Gen, Humphrey Marshall, capturing over one hundred prisoners, and succeeding in burning the railway bridge. Again the regiment fought about three hun dred of the enemy's cavalry at the railway crossing of the Holston River, capturing the entire Confederate force and burning the bridge and a long trestle-work at that place. The loss of the Ninth in this action was thirty-one killed and wounded. From the Holston River the Ninth, with the rest of the cavalry force, retreated across the Cumberland Mountains, pursued by Marshall's Confederate troops, but avoided battle, and reached Nicholasville, Ky,, on the 13th of January, 1863. Soon after the-regiment went to Louisville to remount, and thence proceeded. to Nashville, arriving February 6th. From Nash ville it moved to Franklin, Tenn., where it was en gaged with a brigade of Forrest's cavalry on the 9th. During the remainder of the month the Ninth, with the Second Michigan, remained in that vicinity, hov ering along the front and flanks of Gen. Van Dorn's Confederate cavalry corps, always on the move, and frequently making feints or real attacks on parts of the enemy's line, and by these means completely de luding both Van Dorn and Forrest into the belief that they were confronted by a body of Union cav alry fully equal in strength to that of their combined forces, which numbered more than nine thousand men. On the 4th of March the Ninth was engaged in a pitched battle with a strong force of the enemy's cavalry about four miles from Franklin, losing sixty- three killed and wounded in a fight of more than five hours' duration. On the 5th the Ninth, in conjunc tion with other Union cavalry and a strong body of infantry under Col. Coburn, of Indiana, was again engaged with the enemy, making a most gallant sabre- charge, and captured more than two hundred pris oners ; but the fight ended in a victory for the enemy, who took more than three thousand five hundred prisoners of the Union infantry. For its gallantry WAR OF THE REBELLION. 161 in this action the Ninth was highly complimented in orders by Gen. Rosecrans. During the summer campaign of 1863 the regiment (then composing a part of Gen. Stanley's cavalry divis ion) fought at Shelbyville, Tenn. (making a desper ate charge and capturing several hundred prisoners and a field battery), at Elk River, Tenn., and at Cowan, Tenn., where it took more than two hundred prisoners. From there it moved by way of Steven son and Bridgeport, Ala., across Said Mountain and Lookout Mountain, into Georgia. It fought the enemy's cavalry at Lafayette, in that State, on the 16th of September, taking a large number of prison ers, and at the battle of Chickamauga^ on the 19th and 20th, it did such good service as elicited the commendation of Gen. Thomas in general orders. During the succeeding winter the regiment was con stantly on duty in East Tennessee, where most of the men re-enlisted and received the usual " veteran fur lough," returning from Pennsylvania to Louisville with a large number of recruits. When the Confederate guerrilla chief, John H. Mor gan, made his last raid northward the Ninth moved from Louisville to Frankfort, Ky., and held that place, delaying Morgan's force and compelling it to fall back to Pound Gap, where it was attacked and defeated by Gen. Burbridge. Afterwards the regiment moved to Nashville, and thence to Chattanooga. From there it moved back to McMinnville in pursuit of the Con federate cavalry under Gen. Wheeler. On the 6th of September, at a point a few miles east of Murfrees boro', on the McMinnville road, it fought a brigade of Wheeler's command, charging with the sabre, defeat ing the enemy, and taking nearly three hundred pris oners. From that field it took part in the pursuit of Williams' Confederate brigade to Sparta, Tenn., where Williams' men dispersed and took to the mountains. For its service in this campaign the Ninth was com mended in orders by Gens. Steadman and Van Cleve. The regiment then moved to join the army of Gen. Sherman in Georgia. On the 16th of November it fought at Lovejoy's, Ga., capturing three hundred prisoners and several pieces of artillery. Afterwards it fought the forces of the cavalry general, Wheeler, at Macon, Ga., at Bear Creek (where the regiment lost ninety-six killed and wounded), at Waynesboro', at Louisville, Ga., at Buck Head Church, and at various other places, where it always fought on the side of victery. It reached Savannah on the 21st of December. A month later it moved northward with the army into South Carolina (crossing the Savannah at Sister's Ferry), fought the forces of Wheeler and Wade Hampton at Blacksville and Aiken, passed through Columbia, the capital of the State, fought at Lexington, crossed the Catawba at Rocky Mount, moved through Rockingham to Fayetteville, N. C, fought the enemy in the battle of Averysboro' March 16th (where it was engaged for eight hours, and lost one-tenth of its force), and in the great battle of 11 Bentouville on the 19th. After that battle it moved to Goldsboro', N. C, where it remained resting and refitting till the 9th of April, when it moved towards Raleigh, fighting a heavy battle with the enemy's cavalry on the 11th, and arriving at the State capital on the 13th, passing through the town, and moving out on the Hillsboro' road, where, on the same day, it met a force of Wheeler's cavalry and defeated it, pursuing it to Morrisville, and there fighting and utterly routing him. On this day the Ninth received a flag of truce which brought a letter from the Con federate commander, Gen. Johnston, to Gen. Sher man, proposing a surrender of the Southern army. A detachment of the Ninth escorted Gen. Sherman when he advanced to meet Gen. Johnston to arrange the terms of surrender. The terms were agreed on, the surrender made accordingly, and the war thus ended ; the Ninth Cavalry being engaged in the last battle fought east of the Mississippi in the great conflict. The regiment was mustered out of the ser vice on the 18th of July, 1865. Following is a list of the Huntingdon County company (M) of the Ninth : NINETY-SECOND REGIMENT (NINTH CAVALRY). Company M. (Mustered out July 18, 1865.) Capt. George W. Patterson, must, in Aug. 24, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certit Dec. 31, 1861. Capt. James Bell, must, in Dec. 31, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. May 25, 1863. Capt. Thomas S. McCahan, must, in Aug. 31, 1861 ; pro. from 1st lieut. May 22, 1863 ; disch. Aug. 8, 1864, wounds received in action. Capt. Doctor A. Shelp, must, in Nov. 14, 1861 ; pro. from sergt. Co. L to 2d lieut. May 22, 1863, to 1st lieut. Aug. 23, 1864, to capt. May 23, 1865. First Lieut. 0. B. McKnight, must, in Oct. 9, 1861 ; pro. from 2d lieut. Co. B May 22, 1863, to capt. Co. I Aug. 23, 1864. Second Lieut. Isaac C. Temple, must, in Dec. 13, 1861 ; disch. May 25, 1863. Second Lieut. Andrew M. Clark, must in June 1, 1863 ; pro', from corp. Co. B Aug. 23, 1864; com. 1st lieut. Aug. 1, 1864; resigned May 15, 1865. Second Lieut. William Irvin, must, in Oct. 24, 1861 ; pro. from 1st sergt May 20, 1865 ; com. 1st lieut. June 16, 1865. First Sergt. George W. Kuhn, must, in Oct. 24, 1861; pro. to 1st sergt. May 20, 1865 ; com. 2d lieut. June 16, 1865. Quartermaster-Sergt. Samuel P. Wallace, must, in Dec. 30, 1861 ; pro. from farrier Jan. 1, 1864. Sergt. B. B. Montgomery, must, in Oct. 24, 1861 ; pro. from Corp. Jan. 1, 1864. Sergt. Samuel Low, must, in Oct. 24, 1861 ; pro. from Corp. Jan. 1, 1864. Sergt. George Berger, must, in Oct. 24, 1861 ; pro. from corp. D ec. 25 1864. Sergt. James W. Straw, must, in Dec. 10, 1861 ; pro. from corp. Dec. 25, 1864. Sergt. Henry Shaffer, must, in Oct. 24, 1861 ; pro. from corp. Dec. 25, 1864. Sergt. William Sohofield, must, in Dec. 23, 1861 ; disch. Deo. 27, for wounds received at Tompkinsville, Ky., July 9, 1862. Sergt. Robert McClelland, muBt. in Oct. 24, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif, April 12, 1864. Sergt. David E. Beighell, must, in Oct. 24, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, ex piration of term. Sergt. Daniel Eisenberg, must, in Oct. 24, 1861; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, ex piration of term. Sergt. Isaac Myton, must, in Dec. 13, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, expira tion of term. Sergt. David R. B. Barry, must, in Oct. 23, 1861 ; pro. to 2d lieut. Co. D May 23, 1863. 162 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Corp. Andrew P. McDonald, must, in Dec. 13, 1861 ; pro. to corp. Dec. 25, 1864. Corp. Arthur B. Shaw, muet. in 24, 1861; pro. to corp. Deo. 25,1864, Corp. Stephen Patterson, must in Oct. 24, 1861 ; pro. to corp. June 1, 1865. Corp. Nicholas Stephens, must, in Oct. 24, 1861 ; pro. to corp. June 1, 1865. Corp. Daniel W. Smith, must, in Oct. 24, 1861; pro. to corp. Dec. 25, 1864. Corp. George Gregory, must, in Aug. 24, 1864; pro. to corp. June 1, 1865. Corp. John Burke, must, in March 11, 1864; pro. to corp. Oct. 27, 1864. Corp. John C. Bloom, must, in May 5, 1864 ; pro. to corp. Dec. 25, 1864. Corp. J. B. McCullough, must, in Oct. 24, 1861; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, ex piration of term. Corp. John A. Dillon, must, in Oct. 24, 1861 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Corp. F. B. Eisenberg, must, in Aug. 19, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Corp. Henry S. Beeman, must, in Dec. 13, 1861 ; died at Annapolis, Md., Jan. 1, 1865. Corp. William T. Arterberry, must, in Sept. 19, 1862 ; died at Nashville, Tenn., July 26, 1863. Corp. L. B. F. Hose, must, in Sept. 19,1861. Saddler Samuel M. Buhle, must, in Dec. 10, 1861 ; pro. to saddler June 1, 1865. Farrier Jacob S. Devore, must, in Dec. 13, 1861 ; pro. from blacksmith June 1,1865. Farrier Jeremiah H. Beals, must, in Sept. 19, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. July 20, 1865. Blacksmith Thomas Kelley, must, in Feb. 29, 1864; pro. to blacksmith June 1, 1865. Bugler John Wagoner, must, in March 4, 1864; pro. to bugler Nov. 1, 1864. Bugler Samuel T. Wallace, must, in Dec. 10, 1861 ; pro. to bugler June 1, 1865. Bugler W. C. Arterberry, must, in Sept 19, 1862; disch. by G. O. Bugler George Beilstein, must, in Dec. 30, 1861 ; trans, to Vet. Corps. Armstrong, James H., must, in Aug. 3, 1864. Anderson, George A., must in Oct. 24, 1861. Bliler, George, must, in May 26, 1864. Beck, Crissman H., must, in Feb. 16,1864; wounded at Griswoldville, Ga., Nov. 22, 1864 ; disch. by G. O. June 27, 1865. Beatty, Oscar, must, in May 30, 1864. Bryan, Charles, must, in Sept. 3, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Bloom, John C, must, in Oct. 24, 1861; wounded at Lebanon, Ky., Aug. 1, 1862 ; diBch. on surg. certif. Feb. 19, 1863. Burke, John, must, in Dec. 30, 1861; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 2, 1862. Ball, Oliver B., must, in Oct. 24, 1861 ; disch. by G. 0. June 17, 1865. Boyd, Augustus, muBt. in May 27, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 21, 1865. Boughmaster, C, must, in Dec. 30, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. May 4, 1863. Brandy, Christian, must, in Sept. 3, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Aug. 14, 1862. Bradley, John, must, in Sept. 3,1861; disch. on surg. certif., date un known. Blain, William, must, in Oct. 24, 1861 ; wounded at Franklin, Tenn., March 1, 1863 ; trans, to Vet. Corps, date unknown. Briggs, Daniel C, must, in April 13, 1864 ; died at Louisville, Ky., Aug. 29, 1864; buried in National Cemetery, sec. C, range 5, grave 43. Barnes, William. Burns, William. Bayne, William J., must, in Oct. 24, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 7, 1861. Cbathams, Thomas, must, in June 2, 1864. Caldwell, Samuel, must, in May 27, 1864. Colledge, David, must, in Feb. 4, 1864. Cain, Thomas, must, in Feb. 23, 1864. Couley, John, must, in Aug. 20, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Campbell, James, must in Sept. 15, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Convers, Henry, must, in Aug. 19, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Caldwell, Lafayette, must, in May 27, 1864; disch. by G. 0. June 21 1865. Campbell, James A., must, in Sept. 10, 1861 ; died at Bacon Creek, Ky. March 4, 1862 ; buried at Cove Hill National Cemetery, Louisville Ky. Chilcoat, Benjamin, must, in Aug. 20, 1864 ; captured; died at Florence S. C, Jan. 20, 1865. Cocker, James, must, in Sept 9, 1861 ; died at Lebanon, Ky., Aug 28 1862. ' ' Cunningham, John, must in Oct. 24, 1861. Cochran, James, must, in Oct. 24, 1861. Conner, Edward J. Dell, Henry, must in Oct. 24, 1861. Dailey, Rude. Fetteroff, Daniel, muBt. in Oct. 24, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1861, expiration of term, Ferris, Levi W., must, in Jan. 1, 1864 ; disch. on surg. certif. June 9 1865. Fehn, Adam, must in Dec. 30, 1861 ; trans, to Marine Brigade. Funk, David, must, in Dec. 13, 1861. Finley, James. Gates, George, must, in May 31, 1864. Gladden, Isaac, must, in Aug. 10, 1864 ; died at Florence, S. C, Feb, 6 1865. Green, John H., inust in Oct. 24, 1861 ; killed at Sparta, Tenn. ; buried. National Cemetery, Stone Biver, grave 525. Gainer, James, must, in Oct. 24, 1861. Hesley, Abraham, must, in April 14, 1864. Hoover, Allen E., must, in Aug. 19, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 10, 1865. Hoffman, Thomas, must, in Jan. 3, 1865. Honley, Levi, must, in Dec. 13, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, expiration of term. Harnisb, Samuel, must, in Sept. 13, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Hoover, Peter, must, in Sept 17, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Hugentugler, 0. B., must, in Oct 24, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Acg. 18, 1862 ; re-enl. Sept. 16, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Hains, William B., muBt in Oct. 24, 1861 ; prisoner from , 1864 to April 28, 1865 ; disch. June 7, to date May 18, 1865 ; vet. Hammond, James, must, in Oct. 26, 1861; trans, to Vet. lies. Corps, date unknown. Harpster, William, must, in Sept. 5, 1864 ; captured ; died at Florence, S. C, Feb. 28, 1865. Hampson, Solomon C., must, in Feb. 25, 1864 ; died at Louisville, Ky., Oct. 25, 1864 ; buried in National Cemetery, section C, range % grave 54. Hutton, Benjamin F., must, in May 17, 1864. Heaton, Charles. Hestaud, John B., must, in Sept. 19, 1862. Harris, John, must, in Sept. 3, 1864. Jones, Alex. W., must, in May 19, 1864. Jenkins, Charles, must, in Jan. 12, 1864. Johnston, Thomas, must, in Aug. 15, 1864. Johnston, John, must, in Oct 24, 1861; disch. oh surg. certif. Sept. !, 1864. Judge, Michael, must in Oct 24, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, expiration of term. Johnston, Collins, must, in Oct. 24, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, expiration of term. Jones, Arthur M. C, must, in Aug. 20, 1861 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Kelly, Leonard K., must, in Feb. 23, 1864. Kelly, Henry A., must, in Oct 24, 1861. Kelso, John, must, in Oct. 24, 1861 ; disch. on Burg, certif. April 20, 1863. Kinney, Andrew P., must, in Oct. 24, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif., date unknown. Kuhn, John, must, in Oct. 24, 1861 ; killed at Tompkinsville, Ky., Jnly 9, 1862. Leahney, John, must, in May 23, 1861. Loader, John L., must, in Oct. 24, 1861. Lindsey, Ambrose, must, in Sept. 24, 1861 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865 Lowe, Joseph, must, in Oct. 24, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, expiration of term. Leapsom, John J., must, in Dec. 31, 1861; trans, to Vet. Ees. Oorpl. Merritts, Joseph, must, in March 29, 1864. Morell, Honry, must, in June 6, 1864. Mehaffey, Joseph, must, in Jan. 13, 1864. Miller, John J., must, in Aug. 30, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Merritts, Samuel, must, in Feb. 26, 1864; captured; died at Florence, 8. 0., Feb. 25, 1865. Miller, Bobert G., died at Harrisburg, Pa., Dec. 22, 1861. McCraken, Joseph, must, in Dec. 10, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Oct 86, 1864. McGinnis, John P., must, in Oct. 24, 1861. Neville, Henry. WAR OF THE REBELLION. 163 Noffsker, Jacob J., must, in Sept 5, 1864 ; wounded at Griswoldvllle, Ga., Nov. 22, 1864; disch. on surg. certif. May 31, 1865. Porte, Henry, must in Dec. 13, 1861. Parks, Miles, must, in Dec. 24, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, expiration of term. Parks, Charles, must in Sept. 4, 1861; died at Nashville, Tenn., April 10, 1862. Bea, Crawford, must in May 27, 1864. Rowe, James, must, in May 25, 1864. Robinson, Patrick H., must, in Oct. 24, 1861. Beed, Andrew J., must, in Aug. 19, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Rhoads, John A., must, in Sept. 3, 1864 ; captured at Florence, S. C, Dec. 3, 1864. Smith, Michael, must, in Aug. 24, 1864. Stephens, Thomas, must, in May 30, 1864. Sipe, John, must in June 6, 1864. Shore, Jesse L., must, in Feb. 19, 1864. Shaffer, Peter, must, in Feb. 16, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. July 18, 1865. Stewart, Joseph W., must, in Oct. 19, 1864. Steffler, Harrison T., must, in Sept. 10, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Shearer, Abraham, must, in Ang. 26, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Stotz, Frederick, must, in Sept. 17, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Shattzberger, M., must, in Aug. 30, 1864; diBch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Shollenberger, J., must, in Aug. 30, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Stevens, James H., must, in Feb. 19, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Spangler, William H., must, in Oct. 24, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. May 11, 1863. Shields, Leonard, must, in Sept. 17, 1864 ; disch. by G. O. May 29, 1865. Stahler, Henry, must, in Sept. 25, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. Aug. 25, 1862. Shannon, Porter, must, in Sept. 3, 1861; killed at Tompkinsville, Ky., July 9, 1862. Shoening, Francis, must, in Sept. 12, 1861 ; died at Nashville, Tenn., April 15, 1862. Stewart, John P. Scruder, Lemon, must, in Sept. 13, 1864; disch. by G. 0. Aug. 28, 1865. Thompson, Allen B., must, in Feb. 19, 1864. Thomas, JoBeph D., must, in Sept. 18, 1861 ; pro. to 2d lieut. Co. K Aug. 26,1864. Tussey, Samuel C, must, in Sept 30, 1864; disch. by G. O. May 29, 1856. Thompson, William, must in Oct. 24, 1861 ; disch. Dec. 24, 1864, exp. of term. Turman, Harry, must in Aug. 20, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Turman, Boyal, must, in Aug. 16, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 26, 1865. Turner, George. Thompson, Bobert P., must in Sept. 15, 1861. Underwood, G. W. Vanscoyock, F. B., must, in Dec. 17, 1861. Weight, Thomas, must, in Aug. 15, 1861. Wilson, Simon M., must, in Dec. 31, 1861 ; diBch. Dec. 24, 1864, exp. of term. Wanamaker, Stephen, must, in Sept. 6, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Weidener, Jacob, must, in Aug. 26, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Wolf, Samuel, must, in Aug. 19, 1864 ; diBch. by G. O May 29, 1865. Watts, James, must, in Sept. 6, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Weight, Henry, must, in Aug. 15, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Webster, Edmund, must, in Aug. 31, ;i864 ; died at Wilmington, N. C, March 10, 1865. Wolf, Michael H., must, in Aug. 19, 1864; killed at Griswoldville, Ga., Nov. 22, 1864. White, John M. The One Hundred and Tenth Regiment.— This regiment was composed of companies recruited in the counties of Huntingdon, Blair, Bedford, Centre, Clear field, and Philadelphia, which rendezvoused at Camp Crossman, near Huntingdon. The companies raised in Blair and Huntingdon Counties were Company A, from Tyrone ; Company B, of Huntingdon County ; Company C, of Blair ; Company D, of Huntingdon, Company H was raised in Blair County. The regiment was organized at Camp Crossman in the fall of 1861, under the following-named field- officers, viz. : Col. William D. Lewis, Jr., Lieut.-Col. James Crowther (killed at Chancellorsville May 3, 1863), Maj. John C. Johnston. Capt. Isaac Rodgers was mortally wounded at Spottsylvania Court-House, May 12, 1864, and died on the 28th of the same month. Two of the adjutants of the regiment, during its term of service, were Huntingdon County men, viz. : W. F. Cunningham, of Company D, and Lewis G. Stewart, of Company B. The regiment moved from Camp Crossman to Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, about Dec. 1, 1861, and about a month later moved by way of Hagerstown to Han cock, Md., which point was then menaced by a Con federate force under " Stonewall" Jackson, though it was afterwards found that his demonstration was but a feint to cover his real designs against Romney, Va. The One Hundred and Tenth reached Han cock on the 14th of January, and was assigned to duty as part of the force commanded by Gen. Lander. Gen. Jackson sent Col. Ashby with a flag of truce to demand the surrender of the town, which was refused by Gen. Lander, and thereupon* the Confederates opened upon the town with their artillery, and con tinued the cannonade through the day, during which time the regiment was in line with the other troops to meet the anticipated advance of the enemy across the river. Jackson, however, withdrew his force to Romney, and afterwards moved to Winchester. Gen. Lander moved his force to Cumberland, where the One Hundred and Tenth was assigned to Tyler's brigade, Lander's division of the corps of Gen. Banks. The other regiments of the brigade were the Seventh and Thirty-ninth Ohio, the Seventh Indiana, and First Virginia. The regiment was placed on duty on the line of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, guarding the bridges over the north and south branches of the Potomac and at Paw Paw tunnel. On the 8th of March it left Paw Paw and moved to Martinsburg, and thence to Winchester, where Gen. James Shields became com manding officer of the division in place of Gen. Lan der, who died on the 2d of March. On the 18th of March the regiment with its division moved up the valley (the enemy under Jackson retiring before the advance of the Union troops) to a point south of Strasburg, where its camp was made on the night of the 19th. On the 20th it marched back to the camp north of Winchester, having scarcely made a halt during all the day's march. In the afternoon of the 22d the enemy's cavalry made its appearance, and on the 23d the advance of "Stonewall" Jackson's infantry force reached a point near Kernstown, south of Winchester. Gen. Shields at once made his dispositions for battle, placing Ty ler's brigade in advance, with orders to move to the assault of the enemy's position under fire from the Union batteries. The enemy was in heavy force and 164 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. strongly posted behind a stone wall, and partially covered by woods, and an attack on such a force in such a position was a difficult and dangerous service. Gen. Shields, in his official report, said he "intrusted this movement to Tyler's splendid brigade, which, under its fearless leader, Col. Tyler, marched forward with alacrity and enthusiastic joy to the performance of the most perilous duty of the day." The brigade advanced rapidly in the face of a murderous fire, charged up to and over the stone wall which shel tered the enemy, and drove the Confederates from their position, compelling them to fly in disorder, leaving their dead and wounded on the field. The One Hundred and Tenth pursued the enemy to a point where he had taken up a new position. This they also assaulted and carried, driving the Con federates in greater disorder than before, taking about three hundred of them prisoners and capturing two pieces of artillery and a thousand stand of arms. In this engagement the regiment lost fifty-two killed and wounded out of a total strength of a little over three hundred men with which it entered the fight. After this battle the regiment was for some time on provost-guard duty in Winchester. About the 1st of May it moved to Harrisonburg, and thence with the other troops marched through the Luray Valley and across the Blue Ridge to Fredericksburg, being engaged on the way in several skirmishes, among which was one at Gaines' Cross-Roads on the 18th of May, in which A company sustained a slight loss. At Fredericksburg the regiment was assigned to the Fourth (Carroll's) Brigade of Shields' division. Soon afterwards it was ordered back with the division to the Shenandoah Valley to reinforce the command of Gen. Banks, who was then confronted and over-. matched by the forces of " Stonewall" Jackson. The brigade arrived at Port Republic on the 8th of June, and on the 9th was engaged with Jackson's forces. The One Hundred and Tenth occupied the right, which the enemy in strong force made a determined effort to flank, and in the conflict which resulted the regiment sustained.severeloss in killed, wounded, and prisoners. The troops, overpowered by Confederate numbers, were compelled to retire and fell back in good order to Front Royal, from which place the regiment with its division marched to Port Republic, and thence to Alexandria, where the First and Sec ond Brigades were transported to the Peninsula to join the army of McClellan, while the Third and Fourth Brigades went into camp near Alexandria. The camp of the One Hundred and Tenth was at Cloud's Mills, where it remained several weeks, and then moved to Warrenton, Va., where its brigade was assigned to Gen. Ricketts' division in the Army of Virginia, under Gen. John Pope. In the latter part of July the division moved to wards Culpeper Court-House, and took part in the movements of the campaign which resulted in the battle of Cedar Mountain on the 9th of August. In the conflict of that day Ricketts' division was ordered in at about dark, but the One Hundred and Tenth did not become closely engaged, though it lay under a very heavy artillery fire, and sustained some losses. On the 14th it moved to the Rapidan, and with other troops occupied the line of that river until the 19th when the army commenced falling back towards the defenses of Washington. On the 28th the regiment fought with its division at Thoroughfare Gap, where it was confronted by the entire corps of Longstreet, At night the division fell back to the vicinity of Groveton, reaching there late in the day on the 29th. On the 30th, in the second Bull Run battle, the regi ment was in line early in the day, and fought with bravery and steadiness through the whole afternoon, The day ended in defeat to the Union arms, and at night the regiment fell back with its division and the army to Centreville, and thence retreated to the defenses of Washington. The camp of the One Hundred and Tenth was at Arlington Heights, where it remained (reduced to a mere fraction of its original strength) during the progress of the campaign of South Mountain and Antietam. In October, 1862, the One Hundred and Tenth (being then in Gen. Whipple's division) joined the Army of the Potomac, then under command of Gen. A. E. Burnside, and marched through Virginia to the Rappahannock River opposite Fredericksburg, and went into camp at Stoneman's Switch. In the great battle of Freder icksburg (December 13th) it was on the left, with Gen. Franklin's grand division, and performed good service, suffering severe loss. The battle resulted in disaster to the Union troops, and the regiment with the army recrossed to the north side of the Rappahan nock, and returned to its old camp at Stoneman's Switch. While remaining at that place Lieut.-Col. Crowtber was promoted to the command of the regi ment, vice Lewis, resigned, and Maj. D. M. Jones be came lieutenant-colonel. In January, 1863, the regi ment took part in the famous " Mud March," which Gen. Burnside intended to be the initiative of a new forward movement towards Richmond, but after a few days of useless fatigue and marching through pour ing rain and. almost bottomless mud, the movement was abandoned, and the troops returned to their winter-quarters. In the spring campaign of 1863- under the new army commander, Gen. Hooker, the regiment left camp on the 28th of April, and marched its division to the Rappahannock, crossing that river on the 30th at United States Ford, and marched to Chancellorsville. In the great battle at that place, on the 2d and 3d of May, the movements and services of the One Hundred and Tenth were nearly the same as those of the Eighty-fourth (both being in the same brigade), which have been mentioned in the history of the latter regiment. The One Hundred and Tenth lost more than one-third of its men either killed, wounded, or taken prisoners, among the former being the brave Col. Crowther, who fell in the conflict at WAR OF THE REBELLION. 165 the Chancellorsville House on the 3d of May. On the night of the 5th and morning of the 6th the reg iment marched from the field, crossed the Rappahan nock with the army, and returned to its old camp. In the campaign of Gettysburg the One Hundred and Tenth (then under command of Lieut.-Col. Jones, and forming part of the brigade of Gen. De Trobriand, in Birney's division of the Third Corps) reached the famous battle-field on the night of July 1st, the men having endured extreme fatigue and hardship on the long, dusty, and sweltering march from the Rappa hannock. The corps was posted on the left of the army line. The One Hundred and Tenth was in line and under fire early in the morning of the 2d, but not closely engaged till afternoon, when, with the Fifth Michigan, of the same brigade, it received a tremen dous attack from a Confederate brigade, and held the superior force at bay, fighting until its ammunition was exhausted, when it was relieved, and retired to the second line of the corps, where it remained — under fire, but not again so closely engaged — during the remainder of the conflict. In this great battle the regiment lost fully one-third of its men in killed and wounded, among the latter being the command ing officer, Lieut.-Col. Jones,1 who lost his left leg. After the campaign of Gettysburg, the regiment remained for a time in Pennsylvania and Maryland, then crossed the Potomac with the army into Vir ginia, where it was encamped for a considerable time at Warrenton, and afterwards at Culpeper. In No vember it was posted at Catlett's Station. It was en gaged in the battles of Kelly's Ford (where the bri- 1 The following sketch of Col. Jones is from " Martial Deeds of Penn sylvania:" "David Mattern Jones, lieutenant-colonel of the One Hundred and Tenth Regiment, was born on the 24th of April, 1838, in Huntingdon County, Pa. He was the son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Mattern) Jones- He received a good common-school education, and learned the trade of his father, that of a potter. In the three months' service of 186L he was corporal of Company D of the Third Regiment. On his return from this he recruited and was commissioned captain of Company A of the One Hundred and Tenth Regiment, which was sent to the upper Potomac, joining the column of Gen. Lander, and participating in the engage ments against Jackson, and subsequently, under Shields, in the hard- fought battle of Winchester, in which Jackson was driven. In a skir mish with a detachment of Ashby's cavalry, in one of the passes of the Blue Bidge, in June, 1862, Capt. Jones manoeuvred his company with so much skill as to attract the attention of his superiors, and he was pro moted to the rank of a major. He participated in the hard fighting at Cedar Mountain, and in the second battle of Bull Bun, receiving in the latter a severe wound in the right wrist from a Minie-ball, which passed quite through, leaving the limb weakened and partially paralyzed. Shortly after the battle of Fredericksburg, in which he was engaged, he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel, and at Chancellorsville, when the colonel was killed, the command devolved on him at a critical moment in the battle. At Gettysburg he was'of De Trobriand's brigade, that held unsupported, in the early part of the battle, the rocky, wooded ground designated the whirlpool or slaughter-pen. More bold or deter mined fighting has rarely been witnessed than was here displayed. It was a sad field for Col. Jones, for while conducting the fight with match less heroism he was shot through the left leg, and so severe was the wound as to necessitate amputation. His heroic conduct called forth warm commendation in the orders of Gen De Trobriand. Being dis abled for further field service he resigued. He was married in 1864 to Miss Amanda J. Palmer, who died in 1867. In 1865' he was elected register and recorder of his native county." gade captured more than four hundred prisoners), and at Brandy Station, November 8th. It took part in the movement of the army to Mine Run, and after the close of that fruitless campaign went into winter- quarters near Brandy Station, where the men re-en listed as veterans. In the reorganization of the army, preparatory to the spring campaign of 1864, the One Hundred and Tenth was transferred with its brigade to the Second Corps, under Gen. Hancock. The commanding officer of the regiment was Col. Isaac Rodgers, who had been promoted successively through all the grades, from first lieutenant of B company. Moving with the army to the campaign of the Wilderness, the regiment crossed the Rapidan at Ely's Ford May 4th, and camped that night on the field of Chancellors ville. On the 6th it was engaged in the second day's battle of the Wilderness, and from that time until the 10th was daily under fire, losing one-fourth of the men with which it crossed the Rapidan on the 4th. On the 12th it was actively engaged in the bloody battle at Spottsylvania Court-House, taking a promi nent part in the capture of an entire Confederate di vision. In this action Lieut. John W. Manning, of H company, was killed, and Col. Rodgers mortally wounded. The regiment fought and did good service in the subsequent engagements at North Anna River, Shady Grove Church, Tolopotomy, Cold Harbor, and the Chickahominy River (June 3d). On the 14th of June it crossed the James River and moved to the front of Petersburg, where it joined in an assault on the Con federate defenses of the city, fighting bravely and suffering severe loss. Again, on the 17th, it took part in an engagement at the Weldon Railroad. It fought and sustained heavy loss in the battle at Deep Bottom, July 27th, and was engaged again at the same place in November. It participated in the bat tle at Hatcher's Run, and afterwards in various move ments and actions during the winter, being for some time posted as a garrison of the, earthwork known as " Fort Hell." On the 25th of March, 1865, it fought in the battle which resulted from the tremendous as sault of the Confederates on Fort Steadman. In this action the regiment lost severely in killed and wounded, Col. Isaac T. Hamilton being among the latter. It again suffered heavy loss in the battle of Amelia Springs, where the brigade fought the enemy and drove him in rout from a strongly-intrenched position.. This was the last battle of the regiment. At Clover Hill, Va., in the afternoon of the 9th of April, it received the joyful news of the surrender of the Confederate army, which virtually ended the war. Early in May the regiment faced north, and took up the line of the homeward march, passing through Richmond, reaching the Washington de fenses on the 15th, and taking part in the great review of the Army of the Potomac at the National Capital on the 23d of May. It was mustered out of 166 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. the service on the 28th of June, 1865. Following is a list of the Huntingdon and Blair companies of the One Hundred and Tenth Regiment, viz.: ONE HUNDRED AND TENTH REGIMENT. Company A. (Mustered in June 24, 1861, except where noted; mustered out June 28, 1865.) Capt. David M. Jones, pro. to maj. June 16, 1862. Capt. Fleming Holliday, pro. from 1st lieut. June 16, 1862; res. Dec. 20, 1862. Capt. W. H. Stephens, pro. from 1st sergt. to 2d lieut. June 16, 1862, to capt. Jan. 1,1863. Capt. Samuel McCune, wounded at Winchester, Va,, March 23, 1862; pro. from 1st sergt. to 2d lieut. Dec. 20, 1862, to 1st lieut. May 1, 1864, to capt. July 25, 1864. First Lieut. Hiram H. Hopkins, pro. from 2d lieut. June 16, 1862, to capt. Co. H Oct. 11, 1862. First Lieut. David Copelin, must, in Dec. 19, 1861, res. Jan. 25, 1864. First Lieut. William H. Shelqw, pro. from 1st sergt. to 2d lieut. May 1, 1864, to 1st lieut. July 25, 1864, to adjt. June 8, 1S65 ; vet. FirBt Sergt. Adam Weight, must, in Dec. 19, 1861; pro. from private to sergt. Sept. 24, 1863, to 1st sergt. June 1, 1865, com. 1st lieut. April 18, 1865. First Sergt. Joseph C. Core, died, buried in National Cemetery, Gettys burg, sec. E, grave 25. Sergt. George W. Buck, pro. from corp. May 6, 1864, to sergt. Nov. 1, 1864, com. 2d lieut. April 18, 1865. Sergt. George W. Troxell, pro. to corp. Aug. 1, 1864, to sergt. June 1, 1865. Sergt. Aaron Rodgers, pro. to corp. Aug. 6, 1864, to sergt. June 1, 1865. Sergt. Lisle F. McCully, dis 1864; com. capt. May 14,1866; not mustered; disch. by 6. 0. Mai 31,1865. WAR OF THE REBELLION. 171 Sergt. Adam B. Zeller, must, in Aug. 21, 1861 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1866. Sergt. George B. Gooderham, must, in Aug. 20, 1862 ; pro. to corp. March 1, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 31. 1865. Sergt. Smith McDonald, must, in July 21,1862; pro. to sergt. Dec. 1, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Sergt. William Y. Taylor, must, in June 28, 1862 ; pro. to corp. March 1, 1864, to sergt. Dec. 1, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Sergt. F. G. Arrowsmith, must, in July 23, 1862; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps Nov. 30, 1864; disch. by G. 0. June 24, 1865. Sergt. Robert Stewart, must, in Dec. 19, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. Sergt. David P. Stewart, must, in Dec. 19, 1862 ; trans, to Co. B. Sergt. John Donnelly, must, in Dec. 19, 1862 ; trans to Co. B. Sergt. Benjamin Huyett, must, in Dec. 19, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. Corp. Merriam Lee, must, in Oct. 24, 1862; pro. to Corp. June 1, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Corp. Isaac Bates, must, in Dec. 23, 1862; pro. to Corp. June 1, 1865; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Corp. John J. Brunner, must, in Sept. 2, 1862; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Corp. Andrew Bitzer, must, in Sept. 2, 1862; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Corp. Silas M. Wherry, must, in Sept. 20, 1862; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Corp. John Keyser, must, in June 10, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Corp. Jacob Waltz, must, in Sept. 20, 1862 ; pro. to corp. Dec. 1, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. ^ Corp. George A. Deitrick, must, in Sept. 20, 1862; pro. to corp. March 1, 1865; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. 1 Corp. George F. Harrington, must, in Sept. 13,1862 ; pro. to corp. March ' 1, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. 1 Corp. Benjamin F. Martin, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; trans, to Co. B. 1 Corp. George W. Lathero, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; not on muster-out i roll. ¦ Corp. John A. Plympton, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; trans, to Co. B. i Corp. Lewis G". Stewart, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; trans, to Co. B. Corp. Joseph T. Roller, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. li Corp. James C. Hamilton, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; trans, to Co. C. t Corp. John Carothers, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. il Corp. George G. Tate, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; trans, to Co. B. Musician James W. Daily, must, in Aug. 20, 1862; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. ;i Musician Patrick McEnnally, must, in June 28, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. a Hay 31, 1865. Musician Samuel Butland, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; not on muster-out a roll. Musician John Spillinger, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. ? Musician Luther C. Hagerty, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. 4 Anderson, John, must, in Oct. 29, 1862 ; must, out with company June 28,1865. $ Aurandt, John D., must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; trans, to Co. B. Adami, William H., must, in Deo. 19, 1864; not on muster-out roll. , Bitzer, Henry, must, in Sept. 13, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. July 5, 1865. 0Black8tock, David, must, in Sept. 30, 1862; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. ,, Bryant, Martin, must, in Sept. 30, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Blouch, Samuel, must, in July 7, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. June 10, 1865. Books, Jonas W., must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; trans, to Co. C. t. Black, William, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. ( Butler, Abram S., must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; disch. June 14, 1862. Blatt, George S., must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Baker, Samuel C, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; died at Winchester, Va., April 27, 1862. Baiter, David S., must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; disch. for wounds rec. at Win chester, Va., March 23, 1862. .Benner, David H., must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Benner, Henry, niuBt. in Dec. 19, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. j Benner, Thomas, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; disch. on surg. certif. ' Butler, John, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Barnes, John A., must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; trans, to Co. A. 'Brown, Alfred, must, in Dec. 19, 1861; not on muster-out roll. ' Colemnn, Morris W., must, in Sept. 13, 1862 ; disch. by G. O. May 31, 1865. 'Cody, Stephen, must, in Aug. 26, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Cob»ugh, Daniel W., must, in Aug. 1, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. July 1 1, 1865. 11 Cooper, John B., must, in March 26, 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps Nov. • 30, 1864; disch. April 21, 1865. Coble, John, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; trans, to Co. C, no date. Couch, W. A. B., must, in Deo. 19, 1861 ; trans, to Co. B, no date. Cunningham, W. F., must, in Doc. 19, 1861; pro. to adjt. Aug. 12, 1863. Dinges, William J., must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; wounded in action Sept. 22, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Daily, Francis, must, iu Aug. 13, 1862 ; absent, sick, at muster out. Dunkel, Jacob, must, in Sept. 19, 1862; wounded at Chancelloi-sville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; absent at muster out. Dresser, Robert, must, iu Aug. 21, 1862; wounded in action Oct. 8, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 6, 1865. Dunlap, John M., must, in Oct. 29, 1862; must, out with company June 28,1865. Downey, Jacob, must, in Aug. 1, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Dougherty, Thomas, must, in Dec. 19, 1862; trans, to Co. B, no date. Dougherty, Adolphus, must, in Dec. 19>1862; trans, to Co. B, no date. Ege, John W., must, in Aug. 7, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Evans, Henry, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; disch. on surg. certif. Aug. 29, 1864. Frankford, Miles, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1866. Finley, William, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Funk, Oliver, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; disch. June 18, 1862. Fetterhoff, John, must, in l'ec. 19, 1861 ; disch., no date. Gallegan, Thomas, must, in Jan. 8, 1862 ; disch. Jan. 18, 1865. Graham, James, must, iu Sept. 20, 1862 ; trans, to Co. D, 9th Regt. Vet. Res. Corps, Dec. 27, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. July 6, 1865. Hill, George, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. July 5, 1865. Hamilton, Jesse C, must, in Nov. 2, 1862; absent, wounded, at muster out. Hummel, Edward, must, in July 31, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Hogmire, John, must, in Dec. 19, 1861; not on muster-out roll. Helm, Edward, must, in Dec. 19, 1861; trans, to Co. C, no date Hicks, Jackson, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; trans, to Co. C, no date. Hagan, Reuben, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Huston, James, must, in Dec. 19, 1861; not on muster-out roll. Hicks, James, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; disch. June 20, 1862. Hicks, Samuel K., must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; trans, to Co. B, no date. Huling, James S , must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Haman, Peter, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; not on muster-out'roll. Hutton, Frank A., muBt. in Dec. 19, 1861; disch. June 12, 1862. Keith, William, must, in Sept. 20, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. June 9, 1865. Keith, Jacob J., must, in Sept. 20, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. May 26, 1865. Keith, Jeremiah, must, in Oct. 24, 1862; trans, to Co. D, 9th Regt. Vet. Res. Corps, Dec. 27, 1864; disch. by G. 0. Jnly 20, 1865. Kinley, Samuel. Kimlin, Anthony, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; disch. March 27th for wounds rec. at Winchester, Va., March 23, 1862. Kennedy, Johnston, must, in Dec. 19, 1861; not on muster-out roll. Knode, Thomas, must, in Oct. 24, 1861 ; trans, to Co. C, no date. Knode, John, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Kennedy, John, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; trans, to Co. B, no date. Lake, Charles H., must, in Sept. 30, 1862 ; absent, sick, at muster out. Lister, Samuel, must, in Oct. 29, 1862; disch. Aug. 7, 1864, for woundB rec. at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Littlefleld, Horatio, muBt. in Aug. 28, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. June 9, 1865. Lee, Edward, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; trans, to Co. B, no date. Lynn, Peter, must, in Deo. 19, 1861; missing in action at Port Republic, Va., June 9, 1862. Moore, James, must, in Aug. 21, 1862 ; wounded at Boydton Plank- Road, Va., Oct. 27, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 26, 1865. Miller, Joseph P., must, in Oct. 24, 1862; must, out with company Jan. 28, 1865. Mock, George, must, in July 24, 1862 ; wounded at Boydton Plank-Road, Va., Oct. 27, 1864 ; abBent at muster out. Martin, James, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Miller, John A., must, in July 7, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. June 9, 1865. Mountain, Frank, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Miller, George, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Musser, John B., must, in Dec. 19, 1861; trans, to Co. B, no date. MulhoUen, Thomas, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 : missing in action at Port Republic, Va., June 9, 1862. Miller, Henry E., must, in Dec. 19, 1861; not on muster-out roll. Moore, Luther W., muBt. in Dec. 19, 1861 ; disch. June 21, 1862. Moore, Robert B., must, in Dec. 19, 1861; not on muster-out roll. Miller, Jacob, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. McDonald, Simon, must, in Oct. 24, 1862 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. McGuiggan, Charles, must, in March 12, 1862 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865; vet. 172 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. McAnulty, Michael, must, in Sept. 20, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. July 21, 1864. McCormick, John, must, in Aug. 2,1862; killed at Boydton Plank-Road, Va., Oct. 27, 1864. McMullin, John, must, in Dec. 19, 1861; killed at Winchester, Va., March 23, 1862. McCarthy, Miles W., must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; trans, to Co. B, no date. McDonald, Samuel, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll, Noel, John A., must, in Sept. 20, 1862; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Newton, James, must, in March 15, 1862 ; trans, to Co. C, no date. Oxenford, William, mu..t. in July 29, 1862 ; captured ; died Dec. 22, 1864, on transport " Baltic;" burial record Dec. 2, 1864. Orner, George A , must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; trans, to Co. B, no date. Patterson, John, must, in Sept. 20, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Pearson, William, must, in Sept. 19, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Perdy, Samuel, must. in'Dec. 19, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Plaster, William H., must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; trans, to Co. C, no date. Pancoast, John R.. must, in Dec. 19, 1 861 ; pro. to q.m.-sergt., no date. Piper, Philip, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; trans, to Co. B, no date. Quinn, John, must, in Oct. 24, 1861 ; trans, to Co. B, no date. Russell, George, must, in Dec. 23, 1861 ; disch. by G. 0. Aug. 26, 1865. Rager, Elliott, must, in Aug. 20, 1862; disch. by G. O. May 31, 1865. Rudolph, Adam, must, in June 28, 1862; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Rager, Jordan S., must, in Sept. 20, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. June 9, 1865. Rembold, Philip, must, in July 22, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Rapp, James A,, must, in Oct. 25, 1862 ; died at Annapolis, Md., Dec. 10, 1864. Ramsay, James, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Ruggles, Samuel, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; trans, to Co. B, no date. Rockey, Theodore, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; wounded at Winchester, Va., March 23, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. Ruggles, Thomas A., must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; trans, to Co. B, no date. Rinehart, John W., mnst. in Jan. 1, 1862 ; trans, to Co. B, no date. Shaffer, George W., must, in July 23, 1862 ; wounded at Spottsylvania Court-House May 12, 1864 ; absent at muster out. Schmidt, Carl, must, in Aug. 12, 1862; disch. by G. O. May 31, 1865. Smith, John, must, in Sept. 19, 1862 ; wounded in action Oct. 12, 1864 ; absent at muster out. Slagen, Charles, must, in Aug. 28, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. June 21, 1865. Stewart, Oliver J., must, in Oct, 29, 1862 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Saltseiver, John, mnst. in Sept. 20, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Snyder, Daniel, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Swope, Cyrus G., must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Thomas, Joseph B., must, in Aug. 21, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Vannorman, William, mnst. in Dec. 19,1861; died at Alexandria, Va., April 21, 1864, grave 1779. Welsh, James, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Weight, Adam, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; traus. to Co. A, no date. Walkei, John W., must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Weaver, Albert J., must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Warner, Christ A., must, in Sept. 20, 1862; trans, to 149th Company, 2d Batt., Vet. Res. Corps; disch. by G. 0. June 29, 1865. Young, William, mnst. in Aug. 21, 1862; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Young, Calhoun, must, iu Aug. 21, 1862; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Young, Charles, must, in Dec. 19, 1861 ; not on muster-out roll. Company H. Capt. Hiram R. HopkinB, must, in Oct. 24", 1861 ; pro. from 1st lieut. Co. A Oct. 11, 1862; res. May 28, 1863. Capt. Francis Cassidy, must, in Oct. 11, 1862; pro. from 2d to 1st lieut. Jan. 1, 1863 ; to capt. July 1, 1863 ; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 3, 1864. Capt. Frank B. Stewart, must, in Sept. 16, 1862 ; pro. from 1st sergt. to 2d lieut. July 1, 1863, to 1st lieut. July 8, 1864, to capt. Dec. 24, 1864, to major May 10, 1865. Capt. Jacob Beckhart, no date of muster; pro. from 1st sergt. to 1st lieut. Jan. 1, 1865, to capt. June 19, 1865; must, out Jnne 28, 1865. First Lieut. John Cotterell, must, in Dec. 27, 1861 ; res. Dec. 18, 1862. First Lieut. Patrick F. Hollaud, must, in Aug. 31, 1861 ; pro. from corp. Co. F Dec. 18,1861; missing since June 30, 1862. First Lieut. Matthias H. Jolly, must, in Oct. 13, 1862; pro. to adjt. Jan. 1, 1863. First Lieut. John W. Manning, must, in Sept. 3, 1862; pro. to 2d lieut. May 11, 1863, to 1st lieut. Jan. 1, 1864 ; killed at Spottsylvania Court-House, Va., May 12, 1864. First Sergt. David W. Smythe, must, in Feb. 1, 1864; pro. to corp. Jnne 6,1864, to sergt. Jan. 1, 1865, to 1st sergt. June 1, 1865; com. 1st lieut. Jan. 12,1865; not mustered; must, out with company June 28, 1865. First Sergt. John H. Ermine, must, in Sept. 5, 1862; pro. to 1st sergt Jan. 1, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. First Sergt. George Herrick, must, in Sept. 3, 1862 ; died of wounds re ceived at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 1863 ; buried in National Ceme tery, sec. B, grave 49. Sergt. Solomon Beyer, must, in Sept. 16, 1862 ; pro. to corp. Nov. 16 1862 ; to sergt. Sept. 11, 1863 ; disch. July 1, to date June 26, 1865. Sergt. James Morgan, must, in Oct. 11, 1862 ; pro. to corp. July 1, 1864 to sergt. June 1, 1865 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Sergt. Michael Fether, must, in Sept. 16, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31 1865. Sergt. William V. Holliday, must, in Sept. 5, 1862 ; pro. to sergt. Dae. 15 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Sergt. Thomas Bernner, must, in Sept. 18, 1862 ; disch. Sept. 20, for wounds with loss of arm, at Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864. Sergt. Samuel Holes, must, in Sept. 28, 1862; trans, to Vet. Res. Coru January, 1865; disch. by G. 0. June 30, 1865. Sergt. Frank A. Lias, must, in Nov. 24, 1862; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps' no date. Corp. Jacob R. Bossert, must, in Sept. 18,1862; pro. to Corp. Nov. 1, 1863; wounded at Spottsylvania Court-House, Va., May 15, 1864* disch. by G. 0. July 12, 1865. Corp. Cyrus Valentine, must, in Sept. 3, 1862 ; pro. to corp. Aug. 1, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Corp. James Harding, must, in Sept. 12,1662; disch. by G. 0. June 12, 1865. Corp. Joseph Eckley, must, in Sept. 3, 1862 ; trans, to Co. F, 24th Regt. Vet. Res. Corps, March 8, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 28, 1865. Musician, Edward Wallace, must, in Sept. 3, 1862; disch. Jan. 1863. Anderson, Johnson, must, in March 7, 1864 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Anderson, Sample, must, in Sept. 20, 1862 ; disch. November, 1862. Baker, Henry N., must, in Oct. 11, 1862; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Brannen, William, mnst. in Feb. 29,1864; must, out with company June .28, 1865. Burley, David, must, in Sept. 3, 1862 ; wounded at Wilderness, Ya., Hay 6, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Brubaker, Jacob, must, in Sept. 3, 1862; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865, Bratton, John D., must, in Sept. 3, 1862; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Baker, Thomas J., must, in March 17, 1864; disch. on surg. certif. Bratton, Henry D., must, in Sept. 3, 1862; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps Jan. 15, 1864. Bell, Lemon, must, in Sept. 3, 1862 ; misBing in action at Spottsylvania Court-HoilBP, Va., May 12, 1864. Beegle, Henry W., must, iu Sept. 3, 1862 ; died of wounds received at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 1863 ; buried in National Cemetery, section D, grave 47. Beegle, Jacob, must, in Sept. 3, 1862 ; died near Falmouth, Va,, Janu- ary, 1863. Bailey, William T., must, in Sept. 3, 1862; disch. on surg. certif. Boyles, William T., must, in Sept. 3, 1862; disch. Februarj', 1863. CasBiday, George E., must, in Feb. 29, 1864 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Crayton, John A., must, in Jan. 30, ft64 ; accidentally wounded; absent at muster out. Cochran, Peter, must, in Feb. 27, 1864 ; wounded at Boydton Plank-Boad, Va., Oct. 27, 1864 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Cowen, Robert, must, in March 1, 1864; must, out with company Juan 28, 1865. Cowen, Thomas, must, in March 30,1864; killed at Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864. Creamer, Amos A., must, in Sept. 9, 1862; died of wounds received at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Cowen, William, must, in 1862; killed at Chancellorsville, Va.,May3, 1863. Dougherty, John, must, in Sept. 18, 1862; wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Davidson, John W., must, in Oct. 11, 1862; com. 2d lieut. Jan. 12, 1865 ; not mustered ; pro. to hosp. steward June 1, 1865. Davis, Peter, must, in Sept. 3, 1862 ; killed at Deep Bottom, Va, A"?- 16, 1864. Duncan, David R., muBt. in Sept. 23, 1862 ; absent, sick, at muster ont. WAR OF THE REBELLION. 173 Dixon, James, must, in Sept. 25, 1862; disch. November, 1862. Gmpfield, Thomas S., must, in Feb. 26, 1864 ; wounded at Boydton Plank- Road, Va., Oct. 27, 1864 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Edmunsou, Lisle, must, in Sept. 9, 1862 ; wounded at Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864; diBch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Evans, Llewllyn, must, in Sept. 18, 1862; not on muster-out roll. Fry, John, must, in Sept. 6, 1862 ; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. ' Funk, Harrison, must, in Sept. 18, 1862; disch. Dec. 1, 1862. Gates, Philip, must, in Sept. 9, 1862 ; disch. March 1, 1863. Glasgow, Taylor, muBt. in Sept. 25, 1862 ; died, date unknown. Huntsbarger, S,, must, in March 1,1864; wounded at Wilderness, Va., May G, 1864 ; absent, in hospital, at muster out, Hench, Henry, must, in Feb. 23, 1864 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Hemphill, Joseph D., must, in Feb. 9, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 7, 1865. Haslet, James, must, iu Sept. 3, 1862 ; absent, sick, at muster out. Hollen, William S., must, in Aug. 28, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Henderson, Samuel T., must, in Sept. 12, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. May 26, 1865. Hunsbarger, David, must, in March 1, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 29, 1865. Henderson, John A., must, in Sept. 9, 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps Jan. 15, 1864. Harper, Samuel G., must, in Oct. 11, 1862 ; killed at Petersburg, Va., Sept. 20, 1864. Hamilton, Joseph S., must, in Sept. 3, 1862 ; died of wounds received at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Hayden, Patrick, must, in Sept. 3, 1862 ; captured ; died at Richmond. Va., September 7th, of wounds ; burial record, died at Macon, Ga. Hook, Andrew B., must, in Sept. 3, 1862 ; killed at Chancellorsville, Va. May 3, 1863. Irwin, James, must, in March 10, 1864 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Krise, John M., must, in Feb. 22, 1864; disch. by S. 0. July 16, 1864. Knepper, Henry S., must in Sept. 12, 1862 : absent, sick, at muster out. ! Kelly, William A., must, in Feb. 22, 1864; missing in action at Spott- 3 sylvania Court-House, Va., May 12, 1864. Kinsel, Henry M., must, in Sept. 9, 1862 ; killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 1863 ; buried in Nat. Cem., section C, grave 13. Kinsel, Thomas, must, in Sept 9, 1862 ; disch. February, 1863. , Lambright, Samuel, must, in Feb. 20, 1864 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. s Leighty, Joseph, must, in Sept. 3, 1862 ; disch. April 16, 1865, for wounds j received at Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864. ., Lumadue, William, must, in Sept. 3, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. j Moore, Daniel, must, in Sept. 16, 1862; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. j. Miles, Henry H., must, in Sept. 16, 1862 ; wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Oct. 1, 1864 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. , Mulholland, Andrew, must, in Sept. 28, 1862 ; disch. on Burg, certif. May Meyer, Samuel, must, in Sept. 18, 1862 ; died November 7th, of wounds received at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863 ; burial record, died at Philadelphia Nov. 9, 1864. Makin, Abraham C, must, in Feb. 26, 1864; died May 13th, of wounds received at Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864. Montgomery, Thomas, must, in Sept. 18, 1862 ; killed at Sailor's Creek, Va,, April 6, 1865. Miller, William M., mnst. in Sept. 9, 1862 ; disoh. for wounds received at Fredericksburg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862. McConnell, William T., must, in Feb. 29, 1864 ; must, out with company June 28, 1865. McMullen, Thomas, must, in Oct. 11, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. Aug. 2, 1865. McPherson, Adam, must, in Sept. 12, 1862; disch., date unknown. McDonald, William, must, in Sept. 25, 1862 ; not on must.-out roll. North, Henry, must, in Sept. 3, 1862; wounded at Fort Steadman, Va., March 25, 1865 ; diach. June 13, to date June 5, 1865. Nolen, John, must, in Sept. 5, 1862 ; diBch. Sept. 30, 1862. Nash, Edwin M., mnst. in Sept. 12, 1862 ; disch. Nov. 1, 1862. Pickle, David, must, in Sept. 18, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. June 5, 1865. Plnmmer, John R., must, in Oct. 11, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 8, 1864. Pryor, Henry, must, iu Sept. 23, 1862 ; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, 1863 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps ; disch . by G. 0. June 30, 1865. Post, Jacob, must, in Sept. 18, 1862; disch. Dec. 1862. Robinson, Abraham, must, in Feb. 29, 1864 ; must, out with company June 28,1865. Robinson, William, must, in Fob. 22, 1864; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Reep, Adam, must, in Feb. 27, 18G4; must, out with company June 28, 1865. Rough, Valentine, must, in Sept. 18, 1862; died at Germantown, Pa., Feb. 9, 1864 ; burial record, died at Philadelphia, Jan. 9, 1864. Rager, John L., must, in Feb. 29, 1864 ; died at Andersonville, Ga., Aug. 19, 1864; grave 6373. Robinson, Willinm, must, in Sept. 17, 1862 ; disch., date unknown. Rigg, James W., must, in Aug. 28, 1862; killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Stover, Uriah, must, in Feb. 5, 1864 ; must, out with company Juno 28, 1865. Stiles, William, must, in Sept. 18, 1862 ; wounded at Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Stiles, Samuel, must, in Sept. 9, 1862 ; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., Juiy 2, 1863; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Stiffler, Peter, must, in Sept. 5, 1862 ; wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Snyder, William G,, must, in March 1, 1864; killed at Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864. Staum, Jacob, must, in Feb. 27, 1864 ; killed at Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864. Snyder, John, must, in Sept. 9, 1862 ; trans, to Co. 1, 10th Regt. Vet. Res. CorpB ; disch. June, 1865. Smith, Sample, must, in Oct. 2, 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps ; disch. by G. 0. Aug. 28, 1865. Taylor, Charles, must, in Sept. 16, 1862 ; wounded at Sailor's Creek, Va,, April 6, 1865 ; absent, in hospital, at muster out. Thomas, George D., must, in Sept. 18, 1862 ; died March 26, 1864. Tries, James, must, in Sept. 1862 ; disch. for wounds received at Chan cellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Thomas, Isaac, must, in Sept. 3, 1862; disch. Dec. 1862. Vanscoyoc, Benjamin F., must, in Sept. 3, 1862 ; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Vanscoyoc, Aaron, must, in Sept. 3, 1862; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps; disch. by G. 0. June 29, 1865. Wolf, Daniel J., must, in Sept. 3, 1862; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Wallace, John, must, in Sept. 25, 1862; wounded at Wilderness, Va., May, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 31, 1865. Wilt, William P., must, in Feb. 22, 1864; disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 9, 1864. Weigherman, W. H., must, in Feb. 28, 1863 ; trans, to Vet. Res. CorpB, date unknown. Williams, Joseph, muBt. in Feb. 26, 1864 ; died at Alexandria, Va., Dec. 16, 1864. Williamson, Gideon, must, in Sept. 5, 1862 ; disch. Dec. 1862. Wilt, Joseph, must, in Sept. 5, 1862 ; disch. Jan. 1863. Williams, Joseph, must, in Sept. 18, 1862 ; disch. Dec. 1862. Wilson, John T., mnst. in Oct. 11, 1862; disch. Dec. 1862. The Twelfth Cavalry. — This regiment, designated as the One Hundred and Thirteenth of the Pennsyl vania line, contained one company raised in Blair and Cambria Counties, viz., Company G, Capt. Adam Hartman. The regiment was organized at Philadel phia, under Col. William Frishmuth, in November, 1861. Col. Frishmuth resigned soon afterwards, and Lewis B. Pierce became colonel, Jacob Kohler lieu tenant-colonel, and Darius Titus, James A. Congdon, and William Bell majors. The regiment moved to Washington about May 1, 1862, and in June crossed the Potomac into Virginia, though the men were not mounted until the latter part of July. Joining Gen. Pope's " Army of Virginia," it was engaged with the enemy at Bristow Station, where it was surprised by the Confederates, who made a fierce assault, resulting in a loss to the regiment of two hundred and sixty of its men killed, wounded, and taken prisoners. The remainder escaped to Centreville, whence they were ordered to Alexandria and from there to the north 174 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. side of the Potomac to picket the line of the river as far up as Edwards Ferry. In the Antietam campaign the regiment joined Pleasonton's division. At the battle of South Moun tain it was in reserve and not engaged. On the 16th of September two squadrons (one of which was under command of Capt. Hartman, of G company), while on a reconnoissance towards Hagerstown, became en gaged with the enemy's cavalry at Boonesboro', taking •a considerable number of prisoners. In the latter part of the month of September it was placed on duty guarding the line of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad above Harper's Ferry. It took part in several cav alry raids, — to Moorefield, Woodstock, and other points, — and fought in an action at Fisher's Hill, suffering some loss, but driving the enemy from his position. In 1863 (June 12th) the Twelfth led the advance of a reconnoissance towards Front Royal, soon discover ing heavy masses of Confederate infantry moving towards the Potomac. This was the first knowledge gained of the actual movement of Gen. Lee's army from the Rapidan to the invasion of Maryland and Pennsylvania. Encountering the cavalry of the enemy's advance, the regiment skirmished sharply in the neighborhood of Winchester, and fought on two or three successive days at Apple Pie Ridge, but being of course overpowered by the enemy's infantry re tired to Winchester, where the troops were entirely surrounded by Lee's army. In the night of the 14th the brigade moved out of the town towards Martins burg, but on its way was attacked and a furious fight resulted, in which the retreating columns became separated, but both succeeded in cutting their way to the Potomac, a part reaching the river at Harper's Ferry, and the remainder, including the Twelfth, going to Bath and Bloody Run, Va. When Lee's army was on the retreat from Gettysburg, the Twelfth, with the First New York Cavalry, attacked his trains at Cun ningham's Cross-Roads, capturing a guard of six hun dred and forty men, three pieces of artillery, one hun dred and twenty-five wagons, and more than five hundred horses and mules. The regiment remained at Sharpsburg, Md., until the 2d of August, when it moved into Virginia, and was there employed in scout ing and picket duty (with occasional skirmishes) until the spring of 1864. During the winter the men re- enlisted, receiving the usual veteran furlough. Large numbers of recruits were received, nearly filling the ranks. When Gen. Early moved north in 1864, with a force of twenty thousand men, intending to cap ture the city of Washington (crossing the Potomac on the 3d of July), the Twelfth formed part of the cavalry forces that harassed the Confederate ad vance. It fought at Crampton's Gap, Pleasant Val ley, and several other points. Early, having ad vanced to within sight of the city, was driven back by the arrival of the Sixth Corps from Petersburg, and retreated into Virginia as far as Berry ville, but from there turned back towards the Potomac. On the 20th of July the Twelfth fought a part of his forces at Winchester, capturing several guns and a considerable number of prisoners. Again, on the 28d and 24th, it fought (dismounted) and was repulsed with heavy loss. On August 21st the regiment (then forming a part of the Army of the Shenandoah under Gen. Sheridan) took part in an action with the enemy's cavalry, losing slightly. In November it was sta tioned at Charlestown, Va., but its ranks were sadly thinned and the greater part of the men dismounted. During the fall the regiment did some fighting, hut took part in no general engagement. In December it was on duty guarding the railroad between Harper's Ferry and Winchester, and frequently engaged in skir mishing. In the spring of 1865 (about the middle of March) it took part in an expedition against the guerrilla bands which infested the eastern slopes of the Blue Ridge, and on the 22d of March was closely engaged with the enemy at Harmony, Va., losing twenty-five killed and wounded. Soon after it moved to Winchester, Va., and from there (as a part of Reno's cavalry division) it marched on a raid to Lynchburg. On the route (at Edinboro', Va.) the Twelfth had a brisk fight with the enemy and sus tained some loss, fighting alone and unsupported by any other troops. This was the last battle of the Twelfth, for immediately afterwards news was re ceived of Lee's surrender, including all rebel troops in Virginia. The regiment was afterwards posted for a time at Mount Jackson and at Winchester, Va., where it remained till its muster out, July 20, 1865. A list of the officers and men of the Blair and Cam bria company of the Twelfth is here given, viz. : ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTEENTH REGIMENT (TWELFTH CAVALRY). Company G. Capt. Adam Hartman, must, in Feb. 17, 1862; disch. July 21, 1863. Capt. Patrick H. McAteer, must, in Feb. 17, 1862 ; pro. from 1st lieut. Dec. 22, 1863 ; must, out with company July 20, 1865. First Lieut. Thad. S. Shannon, must, in Feb. 17, 1862; res. Jnne 26, 1862. First Lieut. Thomas Morley, must, in June 25, 1862; pro. to 2d lieut. June 25, 1862, to 1st lieut. May 1, 1864, to capt. Co. I Feb. 6,1865. First Lieut. John H. Black, must, in Jan. 24, 1862; pro. from 1st sergt, to 2d lieut. April 29, 1864, to 1st sergt. Feb. 6, 1865 ; wounded at Hamilton, Va„ March 21, 1865 ; absent, sick, at must, out; vet Second Lieut. Andrew McGough, must, in Jan. 18, 1862 ; pro. from 111 sergt. Feb. 6, 1865 ; must, out with company July 20, 1865 ; vet. First Sergt. David M. Ginter, must, in Jan. 8, 1862 ; pro. from q.m.-sergt. Feb. 7, 1865 ; must, out with company July 20, 1866'; vet. Q.M.-Sergt. Aaron Daugherty, must, in Jan. 8, 1862; pro. from sergt. Feb. 7, 1865; must, out with company July 20, 1865; vet. Com.-Sergt. Jer. H. Ivory, must, in Feb. 14, 1862 ; must, out with com pany July 20, 1865 ; vet. Sergt. Joseph W. Lafferty, must, in Jan. 24, 1862; must, out with com pany July 20, 1865 ; vet. Sergt. Felix Beck, must, in Jan. 18, 1862 ; must, out with company July 20,1865; vet. Sergt. Edward McCarty, must, in Feb. 14, 1862 ; must, out with company Jnly 20, 1865; vet. Sergt. Matthew Aiken, must, in Jan. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company July 20, 1866; vet. WAR OF THE REBELLION. 175 Sergt. J. H. Daugherty, must, in Jan. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company July 20, 1865; vet. Sergt. Samuel 0. Evans, must, in Jan. 8, 1862 ; disch. Feb. 7, 1865, expi ration of term. Sergt. William J. Stiffler, must, in Jan. 8, 1862; captured at Bunker Hill, Va., Jan. 1, 1864; died at Andersonville, Ga., May 8, 1864; grave 921 ; vet. Corp. John F. Gardner, must, in Feb. 13, 1862 ; captured Feb. 3, 1864 ; ' disch. by S. 0. April 15, 1865 ; vet. Corp. Silas Middleton, must, in Feb. 7, 1862 ; must, out with company Jnly 20, 1865 ; vet. Corp. Joseph Cramer, must, in Feb. 29, 1864 ; must, out with company July 20, 1865 ; vet, Corp. Jacob C. Brown, must, in May 20, 1864 ; must, out with company July 20, 1865; vet. Corp. Henry Tomlinson, must, in Feb. 6, 1862; must, out with company July 20, 1865 ; vet. Corp. John Mclntyre, must, in Feb. 29, 1864; must, out with company July 20, 1865; vet. Corp. Simon McAteer, must, in April 3, 1863 ; must, out with company July 20, 1865. Corp. John Bateman, must: in Jan. 8, 1862 ; pro. to corp. June 2, 1865 ; must, out with company July 20, 1865; vet. Corp. James P. Stewart, must, in Aug. 2, 1862 ; disch. by G. O. June 1, 1865. Bugler Gabriel Miller, must, in Jan. 8, 1862; must, out with company July 20, 1865 ; vet. Bugler William A. D. Reed, must, in Feb. 5, 1862 ; must, out with com pany July 20, 1865 ; vet. Blacksmith John F. Pfeiffer, must, in Jan. 8, 1862 ; must, out with com pany July 20, 1865 ; vet. Farrier Joseph E. Engle, must, in Feb. 29, 1862 ; must, out with company July 20, 1865; vet. Saddler John Frederick, must, in Feb. 26, 1862 ; must, out with company July 20, 1865; vet. Ayres, William, must, in Sept. 12, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 1, 1865. Ake, Joseph W., must, in Sept. 26, 1864 ; disch. by G. O. June 1, 1865. Byrne, Patrick E., must, in Feb. 14,1862; must, out with company Jnly 20, 1866 ; vet. Bowser, John J., must, in May 18, 1864 ; must, out with company July 20, 1865. Black, David M., must, in March 29, 1864 ; must, out with company July 20,1865; vet. Baker, Benedict B., must, in April 15, 1864 ; must, out with company July 20,1865; vet. Boylee, John, must, in March 21, 1864 ; must out with company July 20,1865; vet. Brown, John T., must, in Feb. 1, 1864; disch. by G. O. June 9, 1865; vet. Blackwood, William J., must, in Jan. 24, 1862 ; disch. Feb. 17, 1865, ex piration of term ; vet. Brissell, John, must, in Feb. 27, 1864; disch. by G. 0. June 15, 1865. Boley, William, must, in March 28, 1864; died July 9th of wounds re ceived June 29, 1864. Brannan, Thomas, must, in Feb. 5, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. Bruce, Peter, must, in Feb. 14, 1862 ; disch. Feb. 28, 1865, expiration of term. Bergur, Nathan, must, in Aug. 30, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll. Brady, Michael, must, in April 30, 1864; not on muster-out roll. Bleiffer, 0. F., must, in Sept. 27, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll. Conrad, Augustine, must, in Feb. 14, 1862 ; must, out with company July 20,1865; vet. Cherry, George, must, in March 29, 1864; must, out with company July 20, 1865. Coons, David, must, in March 28, 1864 ; muBt. out with company July 20, 1865 ; vet. Cramer, Francis, must, in Feb. 19, 1862 ; disch. Feb. 17, 1865, expiration of term. Cunningham, J. W., must, i n Feb. 27, 1864 ; disch. by G. O. June 3, 1865. Caesidy, Michael, must, in Jan. 8, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. Cope, Abraham V., must, in Jan. 8, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. Dally, James W., must, in Feb. 14, 1862; must, out with company July 20, 1865 ; vet. Douglas, William K., must, in April 13, 1864 ; must, out with company July 20, 1865. Demazon, Lewis, must, in Feb. 10, 1864; must, out with company July 20, 1865. Davis, Thompson, must, in Feb. 27, 1864 ; must, out wjth company July 20, 1865. Daugherty, J. H., Sr., must, in Aug. 2, 1862; disch. by G. 0. June I, 1865. Davis, William, must, in June 24, 1862 ; disch. by G. O. May 13, 1865. Engle, Barney, must, in Jan. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company July 20, 1865; vet. Eberly, Henry, must, in April 6, 1864; must, out with company July 20, 1865. Etn field, David, must, in Feb. 25, 1864; must, out with company July 20, 1866. Eagle, Henry, must, in Jan. 8, 1862 ; died at Annapolis, Md., Aug. 12, 1863. Fausnnught, Isaac S., must, in Feb. 26, 1864; must, out with company Jnly 20, 1865. Fultz, Elisha, must, in March 30,1864; must, out with company July 20, 1865 ; vet. Funk, David P., muBt. in Jan. 8, 1864; disch. Feb. 17, 1865, expiration of term. Funk, James, must, in Feb. 18, 1864 ; disch. Feb. 17, 1865, expiration of term. Fultz, William M., must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; disch. by G. O. June 1, 1865. Fleck, Conrad, must, in Feb. 23, 1864; disch. by G. O. May 26, 1865. Fetters, Louis, muBt. in Feb. 29, 1864 ; disch. by G. O. May 17, 1866. Fry, John, must in Feb. 22, 1864 ; killed at Charlestown, Feb. 7, 1865. Funk, Milton, must, in Jan. 8, 1862 ; trans, to Co. C Nov. 10, 1862. Gates, Frederick, must, in Feb. 1, 1862 ; must, out with company July 20, 1865 ; vet. Green, John W., must, in Feb. 26, 1864 ; must, out with company July 20, 1865. Gwin, William W., must, in Feb. 14, 1862 ; disch. Feb. 17, 1865, expira tion of term. Giant, Henry, must, in Aug. 31, 1864 ; disch. by G. O. June 1, 1865. Green, John, must, in Jan. 24, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. Hall, George W., mnst. in Jan. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company July 20,1865; vet. Hollin, William R., must, in Feb. 1, 1864 ; must out with company July 20, 1865 ; vet. Hamilton, Charles H., must, in Feb. 29, 1864 ; must out with company July 20, 1865. Heltzel, Joseph, must, in Aug. 31, 1864; disch. by G. O. June 1, 1865. Hollis, William K., must, in Feb. 12, 1862; disch. by S. 0. Nov. 20, 1865 i vet. Hileman, Samuel, must, in Jan. 8, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. Hodson, Robert W., must, in Jan. 8, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. Hartman, Nicholas, inuBt. in Feb. 5, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. Haas, Conrad, must, in Feb. 13, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. Hoffman, John, must, in Aug. 30, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll. Ivory, Francis, must, in Feb. 14, 1862 ; disch. Feb. 17, 1865, expiration of term. Ivory, Thomas, must, in Jan. 8, 1862 ; died at Salisbury, N. C, Jan. 15, 1865; vet. Johnston, Joseph C, must, in Feb. 7, 1862 ; must, out with company July 20, 1865 ; vet. James, Edward, muBt. in Feb. 25, 1864 ; diBch. by G. 0. June 22, 1865. Kantner, David, must, in Feb. 29, 1864; must, out with company July 20, 1865; vet. Kaler, Michael, must, in Feb. 11, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. Lee, John, must, in March 1,1864; must, out with company July 20, 1865 ; vet. Louder, William H., must, in March 15, 1864 ; must, out with company July 20, 1865 ; vet. Lunday, Joseph F., must, in March 28, 1864 ; must, out with company Juiy 20, 1865. Little, Peter J., must, in Feb. 14, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 14, 1864. Little, Augustine, must, in Jan. 8, 1862 ; died at Sandy Hook, Md., Oct. 18, 1864 ; buried in National Cemetery, Antietam, sec. 26, lot D, grave 366. Lynn, JameB, must, in Aug. 22, 1864 ; not on muster-out roll. Lehr, John, must, in Jan. 8, 1862; not on muster-out roll. Mountain, William, must, in Feb. 14, 1862; muBt. out with company July 20,1865; vet. Mountain, David, must, in May 18, 1864 ; muBt. out with company July 20, 1865. Mountain, Asbury, must, in May 18, 1864 ; must, out with company July 20, 1865. 176 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Meyer, George W., must, in Feb. 29, 1864 ; must, out with company July 20, 1865. Matthew, James, must, in Jan. 8, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. Magraw, Emanuel, must, in Jan. 8, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. Mally, James, must, in Feb. 14, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. McCauley, William, must, in Feb. 5, 1862; must, out with company July 20, 1865 ; vet McKinney, James, must, in Feb. 29, 1864; mnst. out with company July 20,1865; vet. McKinney, Henry, must in Jan. 8, 1862 ; must, out with company July 20, 1865 ; vet. McKinney, James A., must, in April 14, 1864 ; must, out with company July 20, 1865. McKee, Albert, must in Sept 8, 1864; disch. by 6. O. June 1,1865. McFeeloy, Barnabas, must, in Sept. 9, 1864; drafted; disch. by G. 0. June 1, 1865. McAteer, John J., must, in Feb. 14, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. June 26, 1865 ; vet. McHugh, James E., must, in March 30,1864; killed at Charlestown, W. Va., March 13,1865. McCloskey, Joseph, must, in Jan. 8, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. McAteer, Augustine, mu6t in Feb. 6, 1862; not on muster-out roll. McClain, David, must, in Feb. 14, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. Nelson, John, must, in Feb. 15, 1862; not on muster-out roll. Oakwood, John, must, in Feb. 23, 1864; must, out with company July 20, 1865. Orr, Aaron F., mnst in Sept. 21, 1864; disch. by G. O. June 1, 1865. Parks, Amos, must, in Jan. 8, 1862; must out with company July 20, 1865; vet Pfoff, Frederick, must, in Feb. 14, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. Reed, John H., must, in April 9,1864; must, out with company July 20, 1865. Rhodes, Samuel J., must, in Feb. 27, 1864 ; must, out With company July 20, 1865. Rice, Thomas, must, in Feb. 14, 1862; not on muster-out roll. Reigh, Frederick, must, in Feb. 14, 1862; trans, to Co. M ; vet. Smith, John R., must, in Feb. 13, 1862; must, out with company July 20,1865; vet. Smeltzer, Jacob, must, in March 28, 1864; absent at muster out. Smeltzer, Ferdinand, must, in March 28, 1864 ; must out with company July 20, 1865. Schlay, Adolph, must in Feb. 25, 1864; must, out with company July 20, 1865. Swanger, Hugh, must, in Feb. 27, 1864; must, out with company July 20,1865; vet Speece, Christian, must in Feb. 25, 1864 ; captured June 29, 1864; disch, by G. O. June 5, 1865. Stevens, Louis, must in March 2, 1862; disch. March 7, 1865, expiration of term. Stewart, Benjamin F., muBt. in Sept. 20, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 26, 1865. Shaffer, John, must, in Feb. 5, 1862; disch, on surg. certif. July 6, 1865. Springer, Henry, must, in Jan. 8, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. Specht, William, must, in Jan. 18, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. Shjngler, William, must, in Feb. 5, 1862 ; not on muBter-out roll. Skelton, Jason, must, in Feb. 12, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. Thompson, David, muBt. in Feb. 5, 1862; must, out with company July 20, 1865 ; vet. Turnbaugh, John, must, in Dec. 2, 1864 ; must, out with company July 20, 1865. Turnbaugh, Martin, must, in Dec. 2, 1864 ; must, out with company July 20, 1865. Tomlinson, Francis, must, in Feb. 6, 1862; disch. Feb. 17, 1864, expira tion of term. Thompson, William, must in June 7, 1862 ; disch. by G. O. June 1, 1865. Turnbaugh, William, must, in Sept. 21, 1864; disch. by G. O. June 1, 1865. Trout, Mayberry G-, must, in Jan. 8, 1862 ; trans, to Co. I March 15, 1865 ; vet. Tyler, David, must, in Jan. 24, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. Trout, Ephraim R., must, in Feb. 14, 1862; not on muster-out roll. Utley, James E., must, in March 7, 1862 ; must, out with company July 20, 1865 ; vet. Valentine, William, must, in Jan. 8, 1862 ; disch. Feb. 17, 1865, expiration of term. Valentine, Maiden, must, in Jan. 8, 1862 ; disch. Feb. 17, 1865, expiration of term. Valentine, Levi, must, in Jan. 8, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. Valentine, John P., must, in Jan. 8, 1862; not on muster-out roll. Williamson, John H., must, in Feb. 13, 1862; must, out with company July 20, 1865; vet Wonderly, Forrest, must in Feb. 26, 1864 ; must, out with company July 20, 1865. Walters, Jacob, must, in Jan. 8, 1862 ; captured June 29, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 5, 1865. Williamson, Alfred, must, in Jan. 8, 1862; not on muBter-out roll. ' Wilson, James, must, in Feb. 14, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. Wilson, Francis, muBt. in April 22, 1864; not on muBter-out roll. Tingling, Thomas C, must, in Jan. 24, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. CHAPTER XXV. MILITARY— WAR OF THE REBELLION.— (Continued.) The One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment.— This regiment was raised in July and the first part of August, 1862, under authority from Governor Cur tin to Lieut.-Col. Jacob Higgins, of Blair County, to recruit a nine months' regiment as a part of the quota of Pennsylvania under the President's call of July 1, issued on account of the disasters to the army of Gen. McClellan on the Peninsula. Of the companies so raised and formed into the One Hundred and Twenty- Fifth Regiment, four companies were raised in Hunt ingdon County and six in Blair. The Huntingdon' County companies were as follows, viz. : Company C, Capt. William W. Wallace ; Company F, Capt. John J. Lawrence (promoted to major in the organization of the regiment, and succeeded as captain by Lieut. Wil liam H. Simpson) ; Company H, Capt. Henry H. Gregg; and Company I, Capt. William F. Thomas (previously second lieutenant of Company G of the Fifth Reserves). The Blair County companies were Company A, Capt. Francis M. Bell; Company B, Capt. U. L. Huyett ; Company D, Capt. Jacob Szink (promoted to lieutenant-colonel in the organization of the regiment, and succeeded as captain by C. E. Hos- tetter) ; Company E, Capt. William McGraw ; Com pany G, Capt. John McKeage ; and Company K, Capt. Joseph W. Gardner. The rendezvous of the regiment was at Camp Cur tin, Harrisburg, where it was organized August 16th, under Col. Jacob Higgins, Lieut.-Col. Jacob Szink, and Maj. John J. Lawrence as field-officers. The ad jutant of the regiment was Robert M. Johnston. On the day of the organization the regiment left Harris burg and proceeded to Washington, where it was made part of a provisional brigade, commanded by Col. Hig gins. Crossing into Virginia, it was encamped first at Hunter's Chapel, and was soon afterwards sta tioned at Fort Barnard. It remained a few weeks on the line of the Washington defenses, engaged in garri son duty and infantry and heavy artillery drill. On the 6th of September it was ordered to the north side of the Potomac, in view of the imminent invasion of Maryland by Gen. Lee's army, and to Rockville, Md., where it was assigned to duty in Crawford's brigade WAR OF THE REBELLION. 177 of Gen. Mansfield's division. The other regiments of the brigade were the Forty-sixth, One Hundred and Twenty-fourth, and One Hundred and Twenty- eighth Pennsylvania, the Fifth Connecticut, Tenth Maine, and Twenty-third New York. Marching from Rockville on the 9th of September, the regi ment arrived at Antietam Creek on the 16th. On the afternoon of that day Gen. Hooker's corps, com posing the right wing of the army, crossed the creek, and opened the battle by an attack on the enemy's position at that point. Late iu the evening, the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth leading, the brigade took position on the front line and remained there during the night. Early in the morning of the 17th, the day of the great battle, the division was ordered forward to dislodge a body of the enemy who had taken cover in a strip of woods. This service was performed with great gallantry, the enemy being driven a consider able distance up the road towards Sharpsburg; but the division sustained the loss of its noble commander, Gen. Mansfield, who fell mortally wounded in the at tack. Shortly afterwards the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth was again ordered forward to drive the enemy from a new position in the woods near a small church building. The regiment went in with a ringing cheer, and advanced rapidly and with great steadiness through a storm of iron and lead, drove the Confed erates in disorder from their position, and took a number of prisoners; but in turn a heavy body of the enemy came up and charged the Union troops in front and flank with such impetuosity chat they were compelled to retire, escaping from their perilous po sition with no little difficulty. The One Hundred and Twenty-fifth was next ordered in support of a battery in an advanced and exposed position. It did so, repelling two successive charges by the enemy, who were determined to capture the guns. Through all the desperate conflict at Antietam the officers and men of the regiment displayed the greatest courage and steadiness, though this was their first battle. The loss of the regiment at Antietam was one hun dred and fifty, of whom only four were missing, all the remainder being killed or wounded. Among the latter were Capts. Hostetter, of D, and Simpson, of F company ; Lieuts. W. F. Martin, of A, Alexander W. Marshall and P. S. Treese, of D, William C. Wag oner, of F, and George Thomas, of I company. Five successive color-bearers were killed, and the adjutant, Lieut. Robert M. Johnston, was mortally wounded. He died on the 19th, and was succeeded by Lieut. John G. Cain, of E company. After the close of the Antietam campaign the regi ment remained in Maryland until the 1st of Novem ber, when it crossed the Potomac into Virginia, where it was for a short time stationed on Loudon Heights. On the 10th it marched via Leesburg towards the Rappahannock, whither the main body of the army had preceded this corps. It advanced to a point near Dumfries, but being too late to take part in the battle 12 of Fredericksburg (December 13th), moved back to a camp at Fairfax Station. On the 28th of December it moved out from this camp to Wolf Run Shoals, where it was engaged in action with the enemy's cavalry, and returned to camp on the 29th, the men having suffered terribly from cold, fires not being allowed on account of their near proximity to the enemy. On the 8th of January the regiment again took part in a movement against the enemy at Wolf Run Shoals. In Gen. Burnside's projected forward movement of the army in January, 1863, the regiment marched from camp on the 20th of that month, moving to Dumfries, to Shipping Point, and to Stafford Court- House, where it remained in camp, but constantly doing picket duty, and frequently engaged in move ments to neighboring points on account of the near proximity of the enemy's cavalry. In March it was moved to a new station at Acquia Creek Landing. On the 27th of April the regiment (then in the Sec ond Brigade of Geary's division of the Twelfth Corps) moved to the Rappahannock, crossing at Kelly's Ford, thence to the Rapidan, crossing at Germania Ford, and from thence to Chancellorsville, where it arrived in the afternoon of the 30th, and immediately went into line of battle. On the following morning the brigade advanced east, soon encountering the enemy's pickets, and drove them back to and through a belt of timber. On emerging from the woods, it was found to be in a very perilous position, far in advance of the other troops, and away from their support. The enemy in front opened a tremendous fire of artil lery, and the brigade being in imminent danger of being flanked, was withdrawn with some difficulty, and retired to its position of the previous evening. During the night the men threw up some quite for midable defenses, though they had no intrenching implements, and were obliged to use their bayonets and tin plates for the work, the enemy at the same time being only a few rods away in front. On the following day (May 2d) the regiment lay under a heavy artillery fire until 3 o'clock p.m., when it advanced with the brigade on the Fredericksburg plank-road, and made a demonstration against the enemy in the woods and behind his defenses; but failing to dislodge him, returned at about six o'clock to the position of the previous evening. A little later in the day came the tremendous assault of " Stone wall" Jackson on the Union right, which broke before the fury of the attack, and one division of the Elev enth Corps came rushing in disorder and panic to the position of the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth and its brigade, which was the first point where the wild retreat of the fugitives was checked. Geary's di vision formed line facing the rapid advance of the exultant Confederates, and held them at bay during the night and until the middle of the forenoon of the 3d, bravely holding the ground against repeated at tacks, in which canister was used at short range on both sides. At ten o'clock a.m. of the 3d the enemy 178 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY. PENNSYLVANIA. had succeeded in flanking the position on the right, and the division was compelled to fall back to a new and more contracted line, which was held with com parative ease, though the enemy made frequent and vigorous assaults upon it. During the remainder of the great battle the regiment was continually in line and for many hours under a heavy fire, but was not again closely engaged. On the morning of the 5th it was ordered to the left of the line, and commenced intrenching. In that position it remained during the day and succeeding night, and on the 6th recrossed the Rappahannock, and returned to its old camp at Acquia. Chancellorsville was the last battle of the One Hun dred and Twenty-fifth, as its term of service had ex pired. It was then ordered to Pennsylvania, and on its arrival at Harrisburg was received with un bounded enthusiasm and admiration by thousands of people who had assembled there to greet its return. It was mustered out of service on the 18th of May, 1863. Following are given the rolls of the regiment, viz. : ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. Field and Staff Officers. Col. Jacob Higgins, muBt in Aug. 16, 1862 ; must, out with regiment May 18, 1863. Lieut-Col. Jacob Szink, must, in Aug, 14, 1862 ; pro. from capt. Co. D Aug. 16, 1862 ; must, out with regiment May 18, 1863. Maj. John J. Lawrence, must, in Aug. 15, 1862 ; pro. from capt. Co. F Aug. 16, 1862; must, out with regiment May 18, 1863. Adjt. Robert M. Johnston, must, in Aug. 16, 1862; died Sept. 19, of wounds received at Antietam, Md., Sept 17, 1862. Adjt. John G. Cain, must, in Aug. 16, 1862 ; pro. from 2d lieut. Co. E, Sept. 20, 1862 ; must out with regiment May 18, 1863. Q.M. William C. Bailey, must, in Aug. 16, 1862 ; disch. April 15, 1863. Q.M. ABbury Derland, must in Aug. II , 1862 ; pro. from corp. Co. C Nov. 7, 1862 ; muBt. out with regiment May 18, 1863. Surg. Lewis C. Cummings, must, in Sept. 23, 1862 ; must, out with regi ment May 18, 1863. AsBt Surg. John Feay, must, in Aug. 16, 1862; disch. by S. 0. Oct. 9, 1862. Asst. Surg. Francis B. Davidson, must, in Aug. 1 fi, 1862 ; disch. by S. O. Nov. 24, 1862. Asst. Surg. Augustus Davis, must in Dec. 10, 1862 ; must, out with regi ment May 18, 1863. Asst. Surg. Lafayette F. Butler, must, in Feb. 11, 1863; must, out with regiment May 18, 1863. Chap. John D. Stewart, must, in Aug. 16, 1862 ; must, out with regi ment May 18, 1863. Sergt-Maj. Joseph M. Becker, must in Aug. 12, 1862 ; pro. from private Co. K Aug. 16, 1862; must, out with regiment May 18, 1863. Q.M.-Sergt David Feay, must, in Aug. 10, 1862 ; pro. from private Co. B Aug. 18, 1862 ; must, out with regiment May 18, 1863. Com.-Sergt. Henry L. Irvine, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; pro. from private Co. G March 15, 1863 ; must, out with regiment May 18, 1863. Com.-Sergt. Samuel G. Baker, must, in Aug. 10, 1862 ; died at Stafford Court-House, Va., March 14, 1863. Hosp. Steward John F. Conrad, must in Aug. 11, 1862 ; pro. from corp. Co. C Aug. 20, 1862 ; must, out with regiment May 18, 1863. Company A. (This company was mustered into the service of the United States Aug. 10, 1862.) Capt. Francis M. Bell, must, out with company May 18, 1863. First Lieut. Jesse S. Stewart, killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3 1863. First Lieut. Wilbur F. Martin, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862 ¦ pro. from 2d lieut. May 4, 1863 ; must out with company May 18 1863. Second Lieut. David G. Ganoe, pro. from 1st sergt. May 4, 1863; must out with company May 18, 1863. First Sergt. Alfred Abbott, pro. from corp. to sergt. Jan. 28, 1863, to lBt sergt May 4, 1863 ; must, out May 18, 1863. Sergt, Oliver G. Smith, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Sergt. Charles Merriman, must, out with company May 18, 1863, Sergt. William B. Meredith, must, out with company May 18, 1863, Sergt. William Funk, pro. from corp. May 4, 1863 ; must, out with com pany May 18, 1863. Corp. William Miller, must, out with company May 18, 1863. m Corp. C. F. Kirkpatrick, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Corp. William H. H. Berry, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Corp. J. W. Hendershot, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Corp. Henry B. Duck, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Corp. George C. Davidson, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Corp. H. I. Boughamer, must, out with company May 18-, 1863. Corp. Joh u W. Grazier, pro. to corp. May 4, 1863 ; must out with com pany May 18, 1863. Corp. William C. Kean, disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 24, 1862. Corp. Anion G. Edwards, died at Chambersburg, Pa., Oct. 9, of wounds received at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Corp. Andrew Womer, killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862; buried in National Cemetery, section 26, lot A, grave 88. Musician David S. Johnson, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Musician Stephen V. Haslet, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Ayers, Jacob, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Ake, Joseph W., must, out with company May 18, 1863. Baker, Isaac F., must, out with company May 18, 1863. Beaty, Joseph W. K., must out with company May 18, 1863. Bennett, Alexander, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Beyer, Ezra C, must, out with company May 18, 1863, Bowls, James B., must, out with company May 18, 1863. Bresler, Lindley H., died at Alexandria, Va., Dec. 17,1862; grave 615. Beamcr, Thomas W., died at Stafford Court-House, Va., March IS, 1863. Crane, Andrew, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Crocker, Henry H., wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept 17, 1862; must. out with company May 18, 1863. Crone, William, must, out with company May 18, 1R63. Crowl, John, must out with company May 18, 1863. Cunningham, D. T., must, out with compauy May 18, 1863. Clodious, Charles, wounded and misBing in action at ChancellorBville, Va., May 3, 1863. • Coy, John, disch. Jan. 24, 1863, for wounds received at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. CrisBman, Austin, died Sept. 20, of wounds received at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Doable, Henry, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Dell, John, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Dunmire, George B., must, out with company May 18, 1863. Dickson, David F., must, out with company May 18, 1863. Eakins, David W., must, out with company May 18, 1863. Esterline, John M., missing in action at Chancellorsville, Va., May's, 1863. Funk, George, missing in action at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Garman, Philip, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Green, William, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Hart, Jonathan, must out with company May 18, 1863. Hicks, Daniel, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Heard, Thomas W., must, out with company May 18, 1863. Hook, Samuel, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Houseman, James, muBt. out with company May 18, 1863. Hunter, Thomas, absent in hospital at muster out. Herman, Moses, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Huff, Charles, disch. Jan. 26, 1863, for wounds received at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Hunter, James H., killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Henckey, Samuel A., died at Harper's Ferry, Va., Sept. 20, 1862. Genberg, John W., wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17,1862; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Jones, Daniel, disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 10, 1862. Keatly, John, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Keatly, Calvin F., must, out with company May 18, 1863, Kinsel, John M., must, out with company May 18, 1863. Kerr, Robert, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Kinsel, Erastus, died April 7, 1863, of wounds received at Antietam, Md.r Sept. 17, 1862. Laporte, Adolph M., must, out with company May 18, 1863. WAR OF THE REBELLION. 179 Lago, William F., must, out with company May 18, 1863. Herrfmen, William F., must, out with company May 18, 1863. Myers, Thomas, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Myers, John, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Miles, George, must out with company May 18, 1863. Mcllvaine, Henry C, must, out with company May 18, 1863. McAvoy, Michael, must out with company May 18, 1863. McQuilleu, A. W., must out with company May 18, 1863. McQuillen, William, must, out with company May 18, 1863. McCarney, George S., must, out with company May 18, 1863. McCoy, John, must, out with company May 18, 1863. McGill, Thomas T., must, out with company May 18, 1863. McFarland, John A., died at Stafford Court-House, Va., Feb. 8, 1863. OBborne, David P., must out with company May 18, 1863. Orr, George W., must, out with company May 18, 1863. Robisou, James, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Rosberry, James, must out with company May 18, 1863. Rosberry, John T., must, out with company May 18, 1863. Sharrer, George W., must out with company May 18, 1863, Sloan, John, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Smith, Thomas, must out with company May 18, 1863. Sturtsman, Henry, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Stevens, David M., must, out with company May 18, 1863. Shaw, Daniel, died Sept. 28, of wounds received at Antibtam, Md,, Sept. 17, 1862. Templeton, John R., must, out with company May 18, 1863. Thomas, George W., must, out with company May 18, 1863. Thomas, Jerry B., must out with company May 18, 1863. Vaughn, Henry, disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 10, 1862. Vaughn, George, wounded at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862; disch. on surg. certif. April 1,1863. Vanscoyoc, Abraham, disch. on surg. certif. March 15, 1863. Watson, Jerry, must out with company May 18, 1863. Wilson, Joseph W., absent, sick, at must, out Wolf, Isaac P., must out with company May 18, 1863. Wesley, Cbarles, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Wolf, Theawalt, died at Smoketown, Md., Jan. 25, 1863, of wounds re ceived at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Company B. Capt. Ulysaus L. Huyett, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; must, out with com pany May 18, 1863. First Lieut Joseph R. HigginB, must in Aug. 11, 1862 ; must out with company May 18, 1863. Second Lieut G. Schollenberger, must in Aug. 11, 1862; must, out with company May 18, 1863. First Sergt. Hill P. Wilson, must in Aug. 11, 1862 ; must, out with com pany May 18, 1863. ¦ (The balance of this company was mustered into the service of the United States Aug. 10, 1862.) Sergt, James Houck, wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Sergt. James Schollar, muBt. out with company May 18, 1863. Sergt. Ephraim Gerst, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Sergt James D. Allender, pro. from corp. Oct. 1, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Sergt. Samuel G. Baker, died at Stafford Court-House, Va., March 19, 1863. Corp. Joseph Sias, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Corp, James Gei6er, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862; must. out with company May 18, 1863. Corp. Robert Feay, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Corp. Robert McFalls, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Corp. James C. Carey, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Corp. F. M. McKinnan, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Corp. Daniel I. Irwin, pro. to corp. Sept. 21, 1862 ; must, out with com pany May 18, 1863. Corp. Elrjah Estep, pro. to corp. Feb. 4, 1863 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Corp. John D. Patterson, disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 26, 1863. Musician J. A. B. McKamey, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Musician Calvin C. Hewitt, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Amhizer, Daniel, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Aurandt, Jacob F.( missing in action at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3," 1863. Blake, William B., wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863; must out with company May 18, 1863. Brantnor, James S., must, out with company May 18, 1863. Brunnell, William, wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; must. out with company May 18, 1863. Brunnell, Thomas N., must, out with company May 18, 1863. Brumbaugh, J. C, must out with company May 18, 1863. Butts, William G., must out with company May 18, 1863. Brantner, John H., disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 9, 1862, Carles, Henry D., must, out with company May 18,1863. Cooper, James M., must, out with company May 18, 1863. Cooper, Theodore N., died at Fairfax Station, Va., Jan. 3, 1863. Dougherty, Vic V., most, out with company May 18, 1863. De Haven, Wesley, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Donnelly, David R., wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862; must. out with company May 18, 1863. Eicholtz, Alfred, muBt out with company May 18, 1863. Ewing, Levi M., died at Hagerstown, Md., Sept. 21, of wounds received at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862. Fouse, William D., must, out with company May 18, 1863. Feay, David, pro. to q.m.-sergt Aug. 18, 1802. Feats, John A., died Nov. 30, of wounds received at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Garner, Joseph C, wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 2, 1863 ; must out with company May 18, 1863. Geiser, Tillman, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Heller, Edward W., must, out with company May 18,1863. Houck, George A., must, out with company May 18, 1863. Huyott, Miles C, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Lang, Joseph II., muBt. out with company May 18, 1863. Lang, William, must out with compuny May 18, 1863. Lower, Henry G , must, out with company May 18, 1863. Love, John D., wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Lucas, John H., must out with company May 18, 1863. Lucas, Abraham, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Lucas, Gabriel, disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 9, 1862. Metz, Thomas J., must, out with company May 18, 1863. Metz, Thornton B., must, out with company May 18, 1863, Mock, John E., wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17,1862; absent, in hospital, at muster out. McCoy, William, must, out with company May 18, 1863. McGouigal, George W„ wounded ; missing in action at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. McManamy, John, must out with company May 18,1863. McManamy, William, must, out with company May 18, 18(33. McMichaels, John, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Nicodemus, John H., must, out with company May 18, 1863. Powell, Milton P., wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Philip, Ralph. Reiger, August, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Rhody, George H., missing in action at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Rhody, William H., must, out with company May 18, 1863. Richards, John, wounded at ChancellorBville, Va., May 3, 1863; must. out with company May 18, 1863. Riley, William N., must out with company May 18, 1863. Shaffer, Samuel B., must, out with company May 18, 1863. Shiuefelt, John C, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Slonrcker, Lemuel A., must out with company May 18, 1863. Stuart, Asbury H,, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Stuart, Madison W., must, out with company May 18, 1863. Sparr, Samuel, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Sims, Andrew J., wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 24, 1862. Straithoof, Jacob, died Dec. 30, 1862 ; burial record, Jan. 3, 1863, at Fort Schuyler, N. Y. ; buried in Cypress Hill Cemetery, L. I. ; grave 5S3. Straithoof, Johnson, died Feb. 15, 1863, at Washington ; buried in Mili tary Asylum Cemetery, D. C. Tresse, William, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Tresse, Harry, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Trout, Alexander, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Tresse, David, died at Maryland Heights, Md., Oct. 26, 1862. Teats, John A., died at Frederick, Md., November 30, of wounds re ceived at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862; buried in National Ceme tery, Antietam, Bection 26, lot E, grave 462. Withers, Henry, must, out with company May 18, 1863. 180 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Walters, Joseph, must. out with company May 18,1863. Westbrooke, William, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Winters, George, wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; must. out with company May 18,1863. Whitehead, John, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Wolford, Edward, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Wolf kill, Benjamin F., wou nded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862 ; must. out with company May 18, 1863. Yerger, George W., must, out with company May 18, 1863, Company C. Capt. William W. Wallace, must, in Aug. 16, 1862; must, out with com pany May 18, 1863. 1st Lieut. William B. Zeigler, must, in Aug. 16, 1862 ; res. Feb. 25, 1863. 1st Lieut. L. Frank Watson, must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; pro. from sergt. Feb. 7, 1863 ; must, out with company May IS, 1863. 2d Lieut. William F. McPherran, must, in Aug. 16, 1862; died Feb. 6, 1863. 2d Lieut. Theodore L. Flood, must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; pro. from 1st sergt. Feb. 7, 1 863 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. 1st Sergt. John D. Isett, must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; pro. from sergt. Feb. 7, 1863 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Sergt. Walter W. Greenland, must, in Aug. 14, 1862 ; must, out with com pany May 18, 1863. Sergt. J. R. McMurtrie, mnst. in Aug. 13, 1862; pro. from corp. Sept. 18, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Sergt. Charles B. Campbell, mnst. in Aug. 11, 1862; pro. from corp. Feb. 7, 1863 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Sergt. Henry A. II oilman, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; pro. from corp. Feb. 26,1863; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Sergt. J. liandolph Simpson, must, in Aug. 11, 1863 ; disch. April 3, 1863, for wounds received at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Sergt. George A. Simpson, must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862; buried in National Cemetery, section 23, lot D, grave 420. Corp. Thomas C. Fisher, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; must out with company May 18, 1863. Corp. Z. G. Cresswell, must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Corp." Miles Zentmire, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; pro. to corp. Sept, 17, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Corp. James E. Wilson, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; pro. to Corp. Sept. 17, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Corp. David P. Henderson, must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; pro. to corp. Oct. 30, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Corp. Robert C. Morrow, must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; pro. to Corp. Feb. 7, 1863; must, out with company May 18,1863. Corp. John R. Isenberg, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; must, out with com pany May 18, 1863. Corp. Asbury Derland, must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; pro. to q.m. Nov. 7, 1862. Corp. Thomas J. Gregg, must, in Aug. M, 1862; pro. to 2d lieut. Co. F, 70th Eegt. P. V., Nov. 20, 1862. Corp. Albert C. Snyder, must, in Aug. 11,1862 ; trans, to U. S. Telegraph Corps Jan. 3, 1863. Corp. John F. Conrad, must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; pro. to hospital steward Aug. 20, 1862. Corp. Benjamin F.Williams, must, in Aug 11,1862; died Nov. 13, of wounds received at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Musician George W. Friedley, must, in Aug. 14, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Africa, George H., must in Aug. 13, 1862; died at Rockville, Md., Oct. 26, 1862. Benner, Thomas M., must, in Aug. 11, 1862; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Baker, William, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Brenneman, J. C, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Brenneman, M. L., must, in Aug. 11, 1862; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Brenneman, M. B., must in Aug. 11,1862; disch. April 6, 1863, for wounds received at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Brenneman, G. W , must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; disch. Nov. 10, 1862. Canan, Henry, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Carmon, John, must, in Aug. 11,1862; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Carmon, Henry C, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Conrad, Bohbou W., must, in Aug. 11, 1862; disch. on surg. certif, Aug, 29, 1862. Decker, Harry P., must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Denny, Alexander, must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Dewalt, Juhn A., must, in Aug. 11, 1862; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Decker, Nicholas, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; died Oct. 11, of wounds re ceived at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Dunmire, Elijah C, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; died at Georgetown, D. C, Sept. 21, 1862. Ehman, George, must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; must, out with company May 13, 1863. Enyeart, Thomas L., must, in Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Fockler, J. Lee, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Funk, James, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Friday, John H., must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Green, James M., must, in Aug. 11, 1862; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Graber, Adam, must in Aug. 11, 1862 ; must out with company May 18, 1863. Garland, David W,, must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Gahagin, Mordecai, must, in Aug. 11,1862; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Goodman, Joseph, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Haslet, James, mnst. in Aug. 11, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Heckadorne, H. B., must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Hearn, Jacob, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; must, out with company May IS, 1863. Hart, Frederick, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Hoffman, John, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Hawn, Henry, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; disch. Nov. 15, for wounds re ceived at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. Harvey, Parker C, must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 13, 1862. Hoffman, Uriah P., must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Hood, Henry, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; died Nov. 10, 1862. Isenberg, Nicholas S., must, in Aug. 11, 1862; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Isenberg, Samuel V., must, in Aug. 11, 1862; must out with company May 18, 1863. iBenberg, George W., must, in Aug. 11,1862; died at Maryland Heights, Md., Oct. 25, 1862. Knode, Joshua It., must, in Aug. 11, 1862; wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept 17, 1862 ; must out with company May 18, 1863. Kopelin, William 0., must, in Aug. 11, 1862; must, out with company May 18,1863. Knode, Albert A., must, in Aug. 11, 1862; died at Maryland Height!, Md., Oct. 21, 1862. Kuhn, David, must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Lytle, Milton S., must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Lincoln, J. George, must, in Aug. 11, 1862; must out with company May 18, 1863. Leffard, John R., must in Aug. 11, 1862; wounded at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Leffard, Enoch I., must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Low, John A., must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Myers, Eli H., must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18. 1863. WAR OF THE REBELLION. 181 McCoy, William R., must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. McFerren, Alfred, muBt. in Aug. 11, 1862; wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept 17, 1862 ; absent, sick, at muster out. McDivitt, C. James, must, in Aug. 13, 1862; must, out with company May 18, 1863. McCoy, John S., must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; killed at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. Parker, David H., must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Patton, JoBeph, must in Aug. 11,1862; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Peterson, William H., must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Bobb, Porter A., must in Aug. 11, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Bobb, William W., must, in Aug. 11, 1862; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Raugh, Sellers, must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; muBt. out with company May 18, 1863. Reed, Charles H., must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; wounded at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Rohb, J. Easton, must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; disch. March 22, 1863, forwounds received at Antietam, Md., Sept 17, 1862. Reed, Samuel, must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; died at Fairfax Station, Va., Jan. 17, 1863. Simpson, Alexander C, must, iu Aug. 11, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Snyder, David C, must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Snyder, John P., must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Sprankle, Jeremiah, mnst. in Aug. 11, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Sprankle, George, must iu Ang. 11, 1862 ; wounded at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862 ; mnst out with company May 18, 1863. Spyker, Daniel, muBt. in Aug. 11, 1862 ; muBt. out with company May 18, 1863. Stewart, John G., must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18,1863. Swoope, James M. C, must in Aug. 13, 1862 ; must out with company May 18, 1863. Stewart, James A., must, in Aug. 11, 1862; must, out with company May 18, 1863. White, David, must, in Aug. 11, 1862 ; must out with company May 18, 1863. White, John, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Whittaker, Thomas S.,mnst. in Aug. 11, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Wyland, George, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Williams, John H., must, in Aug. 13, 1862; must out with company May 18, 1863. Zeek, Elias A., must in Aug. 11, 1862 ; disch. Nov. 21, for wounds re ceived at Antietam, Md., Sept 17, 1862. Company D. Capt Jacob Szink, must, in Aug. 14, 1862; pro. to lient-col. Aug. 16, 1862. Capt. Christ. R. Hostetter, must, in Aug. 14, 1862 ; pro. from 1st lieut. Aug. 16, 1862 ; disch. March 17, 1863, for wounds received at Antie tam Sept. 17, 1862. Capt. Alexander W. Marshall, must, in Ang. 14, 1862 ; wounded at An tietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. 1st Lieut. Thomas E. Campbell, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; pro. from 1st sergt. to 2d lieut. March 17, 1863, to 1st lieut. April 19, 1863 ; must out May 18, 1863. 2d Lieut Peter S. Treese, must, in Aug. 14, 1862 ; wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862 ; com. 1st lieut. March 17, 1863 ; not must. ; disch. on surg. certif. April 17, 1863. 2d Lieut. G. W. Hawksworth, must, in Aug. 13, 1862 ; pro. from sergt. to 1st sergt. March 17, 1863, to 2d lieut. April 19, 1863 ; must, out May 18, 1863. (The balance of thiB company was mustered into the service of the United States ou the 13th day of August, 1862.) First Sergt James H. Attic, pro. from sergt. April 19, 1863; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Sergt. Edwin Hammond, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Sergt. Isaac E. Brown, pro. from corp. April 19, 1863; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Sergt. William Burley, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862; pro. from corp. March 19, 1863 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Sergt. James 0. Tresse, pro. from private to Corp., to sergt. April 19, 1863 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Sergt. Edward L. Russ, disch. Nov. 13, for wounds received at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Corp. David A. Burtnett, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Corp. George A. Burtraro, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Corp. Mordecai McMahon, pro. to corp. Aug. 25, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Corp. Alfred Boingardner, pro. to corp. Nov. 16, 1862; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Corp. James G. Kerr, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862 ; pro. to corp. Sept. 21, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Corp. William Springer, pro. to corp. Jan. 14, 1863 ; must, out with com pany May 18, 1863. Corp. Morris Davis, pro. to corp. April 29, 1863 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Corp. John M. Dougherty, pro. to corp. April 29, 1863; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Corp. Robert Try, disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 13, 1862. Corp. John A. Kelley, killed at Antietam, Md., Sept 17, 1862. Musician W. A. Brambaugh, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Musician Augustus Boyden, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Aiken, Stephen, disch. March 13, 1863, for wounds received at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Boyer, Albert, must out with company May 18, 1863. Burley, Levi, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Blake, Samuel, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Brumbaugh, Jacob, mnst. out with company May 18, 1863. Blake, Wilbur E., wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862 ; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Bowen, Francis, wounded and missing in action at Antietam, Md., Sept 17, 1862. Baker, John, must out with company May 18, 1863. Biubaker, George, disch. on Burg, certif. March 5, 1863. Burley, Emanuel, killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Brown, John A., killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Cochrane, Robert, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Cowrey, James W., died at Harper's Ferry, Va., Jan. 21, 1863. Dasher, John, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Davis, Able, disch. on Burg, certif. March 23, 1863. Davis, John E., killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Davis, Leonard, died at Acquia Creek, Va., April 21, 1863. Evans, Andrew, must, out with.company May 18, 1863. Finney, Andrew W., died Nov. 10, 1862. Green, Samuel, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Glass, John R., must, out with company May 18, 1863. Gearhart, Fred. W., must out with company May 18, 1863. Howell, John C, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Higgen, John, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Haney, Patrick, Jr., must, out with company May 18, 1863. Hauey, Patrick, Sr., wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862 ; must. out with company May 18, 1863. Hoar, William S., disch. Jan. 25, 1863, for wounds received at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Homan, Thomas, died at Fairfax Station, Va., Jan. 15, 1863. Irvin, George M., must out with company May 18, 1863. Kissell, John G.. must, out with company May 18, 1863. Keagy, John.muBt. out with company May 18, 1863. Keresoy, John, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Lingert'elter, Josiah, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Limb, William A. B., must, out with company May 18, 1863. Long, Samuel A., must, out with company May 18, 1863. Madison, John, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Myers, William H., must, out with company May 18, 1863. Minehart, Lewis, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Miller, Andrew, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Myers, Andrew, must, out with company May 18, 1863. MyerB, Joseph, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Marshall, Winfleld S., must, out with company May 18, 1863. 182 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Miller, William T., must, out with company May 18, 1863. Markley, Isaac, killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Mahon, John, not on muster-out roll. McCloskey, David, must, out with company May 18, 1863. McCIoskey, George A., must, out with company May 18, 1863. McLaughlin, John S., killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Oswalt, David W., killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Owens, Matthew, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Painter, Jacob, must out with company May 18, 1863. Patton, Edward, miiBt.out with company May 18, 1863. Parsons, Charles A., must, out with company May 18, 1863. Richmond, Samuel S., must, out with company May 18, 1863. Rhinehart, Rice, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Richmond, Albert E,, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Robertson, Joseph, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862; disch. on surg. certif. April 2, 1863. Roll in, John, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 3, 1863. Rose, John, killed at Antietam, Md., Sept 17, 1862. Shaffer, Joseph, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Schlag, Adolph, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Sharier, Philip, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Steel, Samuel, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Stackhouse, Henry, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Stewart, Andrew, wounded and missing in action at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Szink, Henry C, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Stoner, Charles A., died Dec. 13, 1862. Urich, John, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Walton, John, wounded at Antietam. Md., Sept. 17, 1862; must, out with company May 18, 1863. Woods, Thomas, must, out with company May 18, 1863. West, William, must, out with company May 18, 1863. Williamson, S. H., wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 28, 1863. Company E. (This company was mustered into the service of the United States on the 13th day of August, 1862, and mustered out on the 18th day of May, 1863, except in cases otherwise noted.) Capt William McGraw, must, in Aug. 16, 1862, and must, out with company. 1st Lieut. Samuel A. Kephart, must in Aug. 16, 1862. 2d Lieut. John G. Cain, must, in Aug. 16, 1862; pro. to adjt. Sept. 20, 1862. 2d Lieut John H. Robertson, must, in Aug. 15,1862 ; pro. from 1st sergt. Sept. 20, 1862. lBt Sergt. John Bryan, must, in Aug. 15, 1862 ; pro. from sergt. Sept. 20, 1862. Sergt William Nosker, missing in action at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Sergt. George W. Perkins. Sergt. William Rounds. Sergt. James Gardner, pro. from corp. Sept. 20, 1862. Corp. Peter Stroup, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 9, 1862. Corp. Samuel Stroup, must, in Aug. IS, 1862; wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862, and at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; absent, in hospital, at muster out Corp. James Mathews. Corp. William McClure. Corp. Charles Butler. Corp. Adam Rough, pro. to corp. Sept. 26, 1862. Corp. George S. Beers, pro. to corp. Sept. 16, 1862. Corp. Daniel Dei hi, pro. to corp. Feb. 26, 1863. Corp. William McGinnis, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 25, 1863. Corp. George Hoopengarner. Musician John Scullin. Musician Charles H. Suder. Benton, Emanuel M. Buck, William, absent, sick, at muster out. Bottorf, David. Burknet, John. Brindle, George W, Butler, David, must, in Aug. 15, 1862. Benton, John, must, in Aug. 15, 1862 ; wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862; missing in action at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3,1863. Beigle, John A., mnst. iu Aug. 15, 1862. Benton, Jesse L., must in Aug. 15, 1862; wounded at Antietam, Md. Sept. 17, 1862; disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 30, 1863. Baker, Franklin, killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Burg, Adam, died September 30, of wounds received at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862; buried in Military Asylum Cemetery, D.C. Carnell, David. Dell, Peter. Dnnlap, Essington. Dunn, Patrick. Dasher, James Dunlap, John, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept 17, 1862. Dively, Gabriel, must, in Aug. 15, 1862. Dodson, Andrew, must, in Aug. 15, 1862. Earlenbaugh, A. Ginter, John. Gardner, Robert Gesler, Lewis H. Gallagher, John, disch. on surg. certif. April 22, 1863. Harkl erode, A. H. Harklerode, David, wounded at Antietam Sept 17, 1862. Hanly, David. Heverly, William P. Heverly, William. Hoover, George W., must in Dec. 20, 1862. Hale, Henry, disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 10, 1862. Kephart, Jacob. Leighty, George. Kough, John S. Langham, Solomon. Long, Daniel. Leedom, Levi. Lambright, Jonathan, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862; disch. on surg. certif. Jan 30, 1863. Lier, John, killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862 ; buried in National Cemetery, section 26, lot A, grave 53. Millward, Luke. Miller, Stanley. Mauk, George W., died at Washington Jan. 23, 1863 ; buried in Military Asylum Cemetery, D.C. McCoy, Dennis. Phagans, James. Noll, Henry S. PresBell, Samuel. Osborn, William R. Rhodes, John. Roach, Thomas. Stanley, Joseph B., absent without leave at muster out. Swither, Daniel. Snyder, George, Jr. Strayer, John. Stiffler, Sylvanus L. Summers, George. Smith, David. Summers, William. Shoff, David. Snyder, George, Sr., disch. on surg. certif. April 2, 1863. Troxell, Abraham, died at Harper's Ferry, Va., Nov. 9, 1862; buried in National Cemetery, Winchester, Va., lot 25. Wright, Thomas. Weyandt, Samuel. Wheeler, William. Wagoner, John, must in Aug. 15, 1862. Wilt, Henry H. Company F. (Except in cases otherwise noted, this company was mustered into the service of the United States on the 12th day of August, 1862, and mus tered out on the 18th day of May, 1863.) Capt. John J. Lawrence must, in Aug. 15,1862; pro. to maj. Aug. 16, 1862. Capt. William H. Simpson, pro. from 1st lieut. Aug. 16, 1862; wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept 17, 1862. 1st Lieut. William C. Wagoner, disch. Feb. 9, 1863, for wounds received at Antieram, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. 1st Lieut. Franklin H. Lane, pro. from 1st sergt. to 2d lieut Aug. 16, 18fi2, to 1st lieut. Feb. 9, 1863. 2d Lieut. J. P. N Householder, pro. from sergt to 1st sergt. Aug. 16, 1862, to 2d lieut. Feb. 9, 1863. 1st Sergt. Albert B. Flood, pro. from sergt. Feb. 9, 1863. Sergt. George A. Black. Sergt James B. Geissenger. Sergt. Valentine Brown. Sergt David Hazard, pro. from private Feb. 9, 1863. Corp, John G. Corbin. Corp. William Homan. Corp. Thomas Blake. Corp. Hampton C. WatBon. Corp. William J. Hampson . Corp. Alrich Paul. Corp. Joseph B. Farrer. Corp. John H. Boring. Musician John b. Williams. Barton, ThomaB. Brown, Jacob. Boyer, George. Brown, William L. WAR OF THE REBELLION. 183 Bryan, Charles, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Bryant, James, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Bnpp, Solomon. Becker. Joseph M., pro. to sergt.-maj. Aug. 16, 1862. Cannon, John. Co'zzens, Robert. Carothers, Charles. Cypher, Thomas. Corbin, Charles. Cunningham, Benjamin, killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Dering, Valentine. Fulton, Alfred. Friedley, William, died Nov. 9, 1862. Geist, Andrew. Hamer, Moses. Graham, William. Hurvey, Frank. Hall, James. Haugh, William H., missing in action at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Heffner, John (2). Hudson, William C. Hazard, John L. Hayes, Thomas L., disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 27, 1863. Heffner, John (1), died at Washington, D. C, March 5, 1863. Isenberg, Samuel. Isenberg, David, died at Fairfax Station, Va., Jan. 4, 1863; buried in Harmony Burial-Grounds, D. C. Kelley, William T. Lane, William. Kyler, David. Lewis, David D. Lewis, John D., missing in action at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3,1863. Mitchell, James A. Moore, Joseph. Moore, James. Morgan, Jacob. Moore, John 0. Myers, William, disch. on surg. certif. March 23, 1863. McClure, Andrew, disch. on surg. certif. March 26, 1863. McCracken, Joseph, killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862; buried in National Cemetery, section 26, lot A, grave 27. Neff, William. Owens, Richard, missing in action at Chancellorsville, Va., May 2, 1863. Price, Joshua E. Saxton , Henry C. Protzman, Martin L. Shearer, Calvin B. Reed, William E. Shoemaker, H. F. Richards, Thomas J. Shriner, John. Riland, Alfred A. Shriner, Thomas. Stall, Thomas. States, William. Snyder, J. Howard. Strickler, William R., wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Syling, Lewis, Switzer, Elias H., disch. Jan. 5, 1863, for wounds received at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Swoope, David, disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 3, 1863. Shorthill, David R., disch. March 8, 1863, for wounds received at Antie tam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Snyder, Oliver W., disch. on surg. certif. April, 1863. Trout, Brinkley. Tyhurst, Alfred. Wagoner, George J., must. Aug. 14, 1862. Watkius, Nathaniel. Witter, Josiah. Wright, Thomas. West Allen, trans, to 14lh Begt. Ind. Vols. Oct. 1, 1862. Walker, William C, killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Walheater, John H., died at Fairfax Station, Va., Dec. 30, 1862. Walker, Bobert D., died at Washington, D. C, May 1, 1863. Young, John B. Toung, Thomas. Company G. (The entire membership of Company G was mustered into the service of the United States on the 13th day of August, 1862, and mustered out on the 18th day of May, 1863, unless otherwise noted.) Capt John McKeage. First Lieut. Samuel A. Andrews. Second Lieut Thomas McCamant First Sergt. Augustus Baton, pro. from sergt. Jan. 1, 1863. Sergt. John Swires. Sergt. George W. Vaughn. Sergt. John Hellwig. Sergt. James Rodgers, pro. from corp. March 1, 1863. Sergt. David E. McCahan, disch. Feb. 13, 1863, for wounds received at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Corp. James R. Robison. Corp. Joseph Carroll. Corp. Moses Garland. Corp. Thomas M. Barr. Corp. Horace Kemp, pro. to corp. Feb. 17, 1863. Corp. Alexander Boggs. Corp. John G. Christian, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Corp. Reese Williams, pro. to corp. March 26, 1863. Corp. James H. Gibbony, killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862 ; buried in National Cemetery, section 26, lot A, grave 63. Musician John Miller. Musician Thomas Lloyd. Andrews, David. Barr, Theodore, missing in action at Chancellorsville, Va., May 2, 1863. Burns, Thomas. Bollinger, Henry L. Black, David M. Buterbaugh, Samuel. Beamer, Albert, disch. December 8 for wounds received at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Cameron, William S. Curtfs, George R. Canan,William H. Christy, Livingston L. Classon, Josiah S. Clarke, Robert. Charles, Thomas, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Davis, John. Dasher, Samuel D. Dunn, James. Fulton, Samuel A, Dannals, Charles R. Gibboney, Benjamin F. Holler, James M., wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Hewit, Henry. Hewit, William. Hicks, Philemon N. Hammers, James J. Irvine, Alfred C. Isett, Aaron B. Irvine, Henry L., pro. to com.-sergt. March 15, 1863. Jones, Thaddeus. Johnson, Franklin R. Johnson, James R., wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Johnson, David R. P., disch. December 8 for wounds received at An tietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. London, George W. London , James G. Leet, Callohan M. Lovett, John, disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 3, 1863. Long, James, died at Frederick, Md., Feb. 5, 1863, oi wounds received at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862 ; buried in Mount Olivet Cemetery. Miller, Thonuu. Martin, William. Mans, John H. Martin, Henry. Metzler, Joseph F. Morrow, James, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. McRea, William J. McKee, Thomas G. McCord, Henry. McClellan, Thomas. McClellan, Hugh T. McClellan, William H. McGinnis, James. McClellan, Adolphus, disch. on Burg, certif. Oct. 11, 1862. OunkeBt, Martin. Ounkest, Daniel. Price, Joseph C, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Phillips, Benjamin F. Phillips, David, Jr. Prounkard, J. E., wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 11, 1863. Piper, Joseph H., died at Harper's Ferry, Va., Oct. 28, 1863 ; buried in National Cemetery, Winchester, lot 25. Robieon, Albert Ruggles, Benjamin F. Reed, Joseph H., wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Reffner, Joseph. Russ, Calvin. Riddle, James D., died Sept 26, of wounds received at Antietam Sept. 17,1862. Snyder, William H. ' Scott, James P. Stuff, Valentine. Sellers, David M. Sanders, John, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Sharar, H. Bascoin, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Tippery, Mayberry. Taylor, Henry C. Taylor, Samuel, absent, in hospital, at muster out. Thompson, R. D. Williams, David P. 184 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Company H. (This company was mustered into the service of the United States on the 14th day of August, 1862, except in a few caseB otherwise designated, and mustered out on the 18th day of May, 1863, unless otherwise noted.) Capt. Henry H. Gregg, must, in Aug. 16, 1862. First Lieut. John Flenner, mnst in Aug. 16, 1862. Second Lieut. Samuel F. Stewart, must, in Aug. 16, 1862 ; res. Jan. 24, 1863. Second Lieut. James T. Foster, pro. from sergt. Feb. 24, 1863. First Sergt. George F. Painter, pro. from sergt. March 1, 1863. Sergt. Jesse E. March. Sergt. Abner P. Lane, pro. from corp. March 1, 1863. Sergt. William L. De Grant, pro. from corp. March 1, 1863. Sergt. William H. Flenner. Sergt. John W. Lytle, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 21, 1863. Corp. Robert Wilson. Corp. William M. Davis. Corp. Henry C. Logan, pro. to corp. Oct. 21, 1862. Corp. Lewis Gahagan, pro. to corp. Oct. 21, 1862, Corp. David Shaffer, must, in Aug. 16, 1862; pro. to corp. Nov. 21, 1862. Corp. Joseph Cox, pro. to corp. March 1, 1863. Corp. Allison H. Crum, pro. to corp. March 1, 1863. Corp. James A. Couch, pro. to corp. March 1, 1863. Corp. Samuel Hetiick, disch. on surg. certif. Ifeb. 14, 1863. Corp. Peter Carton, killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862; buried in National Cemetery, section 26, lot B, grave 175. Musician Sylvanus W. Gettys. Musician Taylor Myton. Ayres, Wesley C. Aurand, John M. AyerB, Jeremiah L., disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 18, 1863. Buchanan, Robert J. Bell, Anderson. Bell, Alexander. Bell, James A. Bailey, Samuel C, absent, sick, at muster out. Bo blitz, Eugene, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept 17, 1862; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 9, 1862. Brindle, Cyrus, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 21, 1862. Baird, David, disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 10, 1862. Berkstresser, J. H., disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 10, 1862. Burkholder, George, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862; disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 13, 1863. Crouse, Valentine, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Davis, James H. Decker, Levi, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept, 17, 1862; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 13, 1862. Decker, John W., wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862; disch. on surg. certif. March 16, 1863. Dierfield, James H., killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862; buried in National Cemetery, section 26, lot A, grave 29. Eckley, Jacob A. Fink, Solomon, died April 22, 1863. Gorsuch, Nathan H., absent, sick, at muster out Garner, Michael. Gregg, David F., diBch. on surg. certif. April 2, 1863. eck, Levi G. Harker, Andrew. Hammond, Martin. Howard, Thomas H. Hetrick, John. Harris, William. Hetrick, Samuel S., disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 21, 1862. Harper, Jonathan L., disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 10, 1862. Hunter, Robert L., disch. on surg. certif. April 1, 1863. Hertle, John, disch. on surg. certif. April 22, 1863. Hoover, Joseph W., killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Hess, Samuel, killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862; buried in Na tional Cemetery, section 26, lot A, grave 28. Johnson, David H. Knode, Peter. Kenyon, Alfred W. Keofer, John, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Long, Elisha. Miller, Abijah B. Miller, Peter R. Morrison, John B., wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17 1862 McCarthy, John S., killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17 1862. O'Donnell, Constance. O'Donnell, Michael, killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862, Pardoner, Henry. Piper, Martin M. Patterson, John M. Parker, William J., disch. on surg. certif. March 15, 1863, Quarry, John P. Rorabaugh, Martin. Rudy, Eminger S., disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 3, 1863. Sloan, James D. Shawley, David. Slack, John R. Spaugler, Jerry. Silknitter, Solomon. Steel, Jacob. Snyder, James G., wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862; disch. oa surg. certif. Dec. 5, 1862. Shawley, Daniel, disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 29, 1862. Spanogle, George B., disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 10, 1862. Wilson, Henry. Waldsmith, John W. Wingate, William B. Wilson, John. Wingate, Alexander B. Company I. (Company I was mustered into the service of the United States on tb* 13th day of August, 1862, and mustered out on the 18th day of May 1863, except in cases designated by date.) Capt. William F. Thomas. 1st Lieut George Thomas, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. 2d Lieut. John D. Fee. 1st Sergt. William Bodley. Sergt. Robert H. Myers. Sergt. David P. Kinkhead. Sergt. William Pope, pro. from private Jan. 1, 1863. Sergt. George W. Hall, pro. from private April 10, 1863. Sergt. Thomas L. Hall, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862 ; diBch* on surg. certif. April 10, 1863. Sergt. Alfred McAllister, died at Huntingdon, Pa., October 25, of wounds received at Antietam, Md., Sept 17, 1862. Corp. John H. Sower. Corp. John D. Coder. Corp. D. Porter Couch, pro. to corp. Jan. 1, 1863. Corp. Samuel Houck, pro. to corp. Jan. 1, 1863. Corp. George A. Mitchell. Corp. James B. Harris, pro. to corp. March 20, 1863. Corp. Daniel Kauffman, pro. to corp. April 4, 1863. Corp. Andrew Harbison, pro. to corp. April 10, 1863. Corp. William A. Keister, disch. on surg. certif. March 20,1863. Corp. Isaiah Foster, disch. on surg. certif. April 4, 1863. Corp. Edward H. Wist, killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1863. Musician James H. Lightner. Musician Robison Giil, absent, without leave, at muster out. Allison, William S. Anderson, Winchester, disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 3, 1863. Baker, Reuben T. Bradley, Thomas. Brode, Abraham. Baker, F. Alfred, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept 17, 1862. Birge, William H., died at Harper's Ferry, Va., Nov. 6, 1862. Barnet, David. Coder, Samuel C. Corbin, Benjamin F. Clark, Thomas A. Coibin, Henry L. Coder, Simon, disch. on Burg, certif. Dec. 9, 1862. Clark, Thomas H., killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862; buried in National Cemetery, section 26, lot B, grave 137. Corbin, William W., killed at Antietam, Md., Sept 17, 1862. Deviney, David P. David, Benjamin, died at Pleasant Valley, Md., Oct 29, 1862. Gerlach, Conrad, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept 17, 1862. Gray, Daniel, disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 9, 1862. Hoffman, James L. Heffrights, Marlin. Hawn, Merits. ¦ Harvey, John F. Hall, Albert, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Hoover, Robert. Houck, William. H>inawalt, William H. Howard, John. Householder, G. W., died of wounds received at Antietam, Md., Sept 17, 1862. Hays, William, died October 31 at Frederick, Md.,of wounds received1 at Antietam, Md., Sept 17, 1862. . Barken, Samuel B. wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862; died at Coffee Run, Pa., Nov. 16, 1862. WAR OF THE REBELLION. 185 Jamison, Benjamin, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862; absent, in hospital, at muster out. Martin, William, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Miller, Frederick, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Mick, Solomon, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 15, 1862. McLaughlin, W. H. Nee, Henry. Powell, Henry H. Ready, John. Boupe, Theodore, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Boupe, William. Ripple, George. Steele, William W. Sankey, Thomas J. Seebeck, John, wounded at Antietam, Md,, Sept. 17, 1862. Smith, Christopher A. Shannon, Patrick. Scott, John W., missing in action at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863. Shaffer, Isaiah, wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 19, 1863. Snyder, Joseph, killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Wulfkill, Daniel D. Woomer, Isaac. Warfel, Adam. Warfel, Henry C. Company K. (This company was mustered out of the service of the United States May 18th, except in cases otherwise indicated.) Capt. Joseph W. Gardner, must, in Aug. 16, 1862. First Lieut. Edward R. Dunegan, must, iu Aug. 16, 1862. Second Lieut. Daniel J. Traves, must, in Aug. 16, 1862. First Sergt. Henry B. Huff, must, in Aug. 14, 1862 ; pro. from private Aug. 16, 1862. Sergt. Juseph H. Bryan, must, in Ang. 14, 1862. Sergt. William Graw, must, in Aug. 14, 1862. Sergt Hugh G. Krise, must, in Aug. 14, 1862. Sergt, John Kahoe, must, in Aug. 14, 1862. Corp. William J. Bradley, must, in Aug. 14, 1862. Corp. Frank Beatty, must, in Aug. 14, 1862. Corp. George W. Russell, must, in Aug. 14, 1862. Corp. James Cummerford, must, in Aug. 14, 1862 ; pro. to corp. Aug. 16, 1862 ; wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Corp. Biitton E. Cluck, must, in Aug. 14, 1862. Corp. Henry M. Shots, must, in Aug. 14, 1862. Corp. John A. Mclutyre, must, in Ang. 14, 1862 ; pro. to corp. Aug. 16, 1862 ; captured at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, 1863 ; disch. Corp. Bernard J. McFeely, must, in Aug. 16, 1862. Musician Caleb Tipten, must, in Aug. 14, 1862. Akers, Wilson L., must, in Aug. 14, 1862. Able, John H., must, in Aug. 14, 1862. A I'M , Thomas G ., must, in Aug. 1 6, 1862. Beatty, Jacob, must, in Aug. 14, 1862. Burkheimer, M., must in Ang. 14, 1862. Brunt, William, must in Aug. 16, 1862. Bendin, Simon, must, in Aug. 14, 1862 ; wounded at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. Bierman, Frederick, must, in Aug. 14, 1862. Beal, John 8., must, in Aug. 14, 1862 ; wounded at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 9, 1863. Beal, William, must, in Aug. 14, 1862 ; wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862; disch. on surg. certif. March 7, 1863. Bell, Joseph, must, in Aug. 14,1862; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 23, 1863. Brudin, James, must, in Aug. 16, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 23, 1863. Boartman, A. H., must, in Aug. 16, 1862 ; wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept 17, 1862; died at Harrisburg, Pa., Oct. 13, 1862; buried in Mount Kalma Cemetery. Chick, Jacob, must in Aug. 14, 1862. Collin, Elisha B., must, in Aug. 14, 1862. Cook, Ilenry H.,must. in Aug. 14, 1862. Crook, Peter, must, in Aug. 16, 1862. Cnllaghan, Andrew, must, in Aug. 16, 1862. Conway, John A., must, in Aug. 16, 1862. Cretin, Joshua, must in Aug. 16, 1862 ; killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Dillon, Charles, must, in Aug. 16, 1862; wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept 17, 1862; absent, in hospital, at must. out. Donahoe, Patrick, must, in Aug. 14, 1862. Elirnfelt, Jacob M., must, in Aug. 14, 1862. Edmonson, Samuel B., must, in Aug. 14, 1862. Elder, Henry R , must, in Ang. 16, 1862. Engles, Robert P., must, in Aug. 14, 1862 ; died in Washington, D. 0., April 28, 1863. Finney, Francis, must, in Aug. 14, 1862. Farrell, James, must, in Aug. 16, 1862. Grey, George W., must, in Aug. 16, 1862. Gates, Henry A., must, in Aug. 16, 1862. Huffier, Frederiok, must in Aug. 14, 1862 ; wounded at Antietam Sept. 17,1862. Hall, Edmund, must, in Aug. 14, 1862. Hicks, Josiah D., must in Aug. 14, 1862. Hobart, Bartholomew, must, in Aug. 16, 1862, Inlow, Francis, must, in Aug. 16, 1862. Jones, George W., must, in Aug. 14, 1862; wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept 17, 1862. Kearney, Patrick F., must, in Aug. 16, 1862 ; wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. King, James, must, in Aug. 16, 1862. Lee, Martin, must, in Aug. 14, 1862. Loudon, George M., must, in Aug. 14, 1862 ; died at Harper's Ferry, Va.t Dec. 25, 1862. Mathews, John, must in Aug. 14, 1862. Myers, William, must, iu Aug. 14, 1862; missing in action at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. Mauer, JoBeph, must, in Aug. 14, 1862. Malms, Leonard, must, in Aug. 14, 1862; died in Maryland Oct. 21, 1862. McLune, George, must, in Aug. 14, 1862. McMullen, John E., must in Aug. 16,1862. McCIeary, Samuel, must, in Aug. 16, 1862 ; wounded at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. McGough, Charles, must, in Aug. 16, 1862. McGough, Silas A., must, in Aug. 16, 1862. McGuire, Hiram, must, in Aug. 16, 1862 ; wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. McDemitt, Michael A., must, in Aug. 16, 1862 ; died at Philadelphia, Pa., of wounds received at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. McDemitt, Louis C, must, in Aug. 16, 1862; died at Booneville, Md., Oct. 18, of wounds received at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862. Noel, MichaelJ., must, in Aug. 16, 1862. Orr, Aaron F., must, in Aug. 14, 1862. Rodman, John, must, in Aug. 14, 1862. Rhodes, Jacob, must, in Aug. 14, 1862. Rhodes, Abraham, must, in Aug. 14, 1862 ; wounded at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862. Rhodes, Isaac, must, in Aug. 14, 1862. Ramiley, William R., must in Aug. 14, 1862. Robinson, James II., must, in Aug. 14, 1862. Reinhart, Joseph, must, in Aug. 14, 1862. Richard, George, must, in Aug. 14, 1862. Speilman, William P., must, in Aug. 14, 1862. String, William, must, in Aug. 14, 1862. Sueger, Hugh, must, in Aug. 14, 1862. Smith, Robert, must in Aug. 16, 1862; wounded at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1862; absent, in hospital, at muster out Shafer, Jacob, must, in Aug. 16, 1862. Trought, Frederick, must, in Aug. 14, 1862. Tainey, Francis P., must, in Aug. 16, 1862. Weakfield, Thomas, must, in Aug. 14, 1862. Ward, Frederick C, must, in Aug. 14, 1862; died Sept. 19, of wounds received at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862; buried in National Cemetery, section 26, lot B, grave 172. Wright, William L., must, in Aug. 14, 1862. Yerger, Henry, must, in Aug. 14, 1862. CHAPTER XXVI. MILITARY— WAR OP THE REBELLION.— (Continued.) THE ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-SEVENTH AND ONE HUN DRED AND FORTY-NINTH REGIMENTS. The One Hundred and Forty-seventh Regiment was organized in the field (at Loudon Heights, Va.), Oct. 10, 1862, it being formed of Companies L, M, N, 186 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. O, and P of the Twenty-eighth Regiment, with three new companies from Dauphin County. Company O of the Twenty-eighth was from Huntingdon County, as has already been noticed in the history of that regiment. It became Company B of the One Hun dred and Forty-seventh. The regiment was placed under command of Lieut.-Col. Ario Pardee, Jr., who was promoted to that grade from major of the Twenty- eighth. Two new companies were afterwards added to the One Hundred and Forty-seventh, bringing its strength up to the usual standard, and Lieut.-Col. Pardee was promoted to colonel (March 19, 1864), and John Craig was promoted to major. On the 10th of December the regiment moved to Fairfax Court-House, and immediately after to the Rappahannock, but arrived too late to participate in the battle of Fredericksburg. In January, 1863, it took part in Burnside's " Mud March," and after its fruitless close went into camp at Stafford Court- House, Va. Soon afterwards it went into winter- quarters at Acquia Landing. In the spring campaign of 1863 the regiment crossed the Rappahannock, and arrived at Chancel lorsville May 1st. It became engaged with the enemy on that day and in the early part of the 2d. On the evening of the 2d, when the right gave way before the tremendous assault of " Stonewall" Jack son's veterans, the regiment received a heavy attack, but held its ground through the night. On the 3d the brigade was engaged, and, overpowered by numbers, compelled to fall back, vacating the defenses which had been thrown up. They were soon after retaken, with many prisoners, from the enemy. The position, however, could not be held, and the brigade again fell back. Again it advanced along the plank-road, but was again repulsed. It then fell back to a new and more contracted line, which was held through the conflict, the regiment not being again closely engaged. Its losses at Chancellorsville were seventy- three killed and wounded and twenty-four missing. From its camp at Acquia the regiment marched northward with the army in June, and arrived on the field of Gettysburg July 1st. Its first position was between the two Round Tops, but it moved during the night to Culp's Hill. It was engaged through all the forenoon of the 3d of July, standing firm against repeated charges of the enemy. Its loss at Gettys burg was twenty-five killed and wounded. After the battle it moved with the army into Virginia, and took part in the later operations of the summer. In September it was ordered west with its corps, which, with the Eleventh (both under command of Gen. Hooker), was transferred to the Army of the Cum berland. It was moved by railroad to Louisville, Ky., thence to Nashville, to Tullahoma, and to Bridgeport, Ala., on the Tennessee River. Moving up the valley of the Tennessee from Bridgeport to the vicinity of Chattanooga, it fought in the " battle above the clouds" on Lookout Mountain, November 24th. The enemy was driven from the mountain and when the mists lifted above the rocky palisade in the morning of the 25th the flag of the " White Star division" (Geary's) was seen waving from the sum mit. In this battle the Union forces captured nine teen hundred and forty prisoners, two thousand stand of arms, two pieces of artillery, nine battle-flags forty thousand rations, and a very large amount of camp and garrison equipage. From Lookout the regiment moved with its divis ion up Chattanooga Valley in pursuit of the enemy by Rossville, to Ringgold, Ga., where the One Hun dred and Forty-seventh fought in an engagement suffering considerable loss. Here the pursuit was abandoned, and the troops returned to winter-quar ters on the Tennessee. In the Atlanta campaign of 1864 the regiment fought at Rocky Face Ridge, May 8th ; at Eesaca, May 15th (with loss of ten killed and wounded) ; and on the 25th of May at Hope Church, where Capt. J. Addison Moore, of B company, was wouaded. After these engagements fighting was almost continuous for a month, and the regiment was frequently en gaged. It fought at Pine Knob, June 15th, losing sixteen killed and wounded ; again on the 16th and 18th, losing ten killed and wounded; at Kenesaw Mountain (June 27th), and at Peach-Tree Creek (July 20th), with but slight loss. After the fall of Atlanta the regiment saw no more fighting. It moved with Sherman's army on the famous " march to the sea," arriving at Savannah December 21st. From Savannah it moved north through the Carolinas, and after the surrender of Johnston's army marched through Virginia to Wash ington, D. C, where it took part in the grand review of the army, May 24th. It was mustered out of service July 15, 1865. One Hundred and Forty-ninth Regiment- This regiment was raised in July and August, 1862, and rendezvoused at Harrisburg, where it was organ ized under command of Col. Roy Stone, previously major of the famous " Bucktail" regiment1 of the Reserves. The lieutenant-colonel was Walton Dwight, and the major George W. Speer, of Huntingdon, which county furnished one of the companies com posing the regiment, viz., Company I, of which the original captain was George W. Speer, who upon his promotion to the grade of major was succeeded in the command of the company by Capt. Brice X. Blair, of Huntingdon. On receipt of the news of the invasion of Maryland by the Confederate army under Gen. Lee, in the fall of 1862, the regiment left Harrisburg and proceeded to Washington. It did not, however, take the field at once, but remained at and in the vicinity of the 1 The One Hundred and Forty-seventh was also called the "Buck' tail" regiment, and the men wore tho distinguishing badge, the back'! tail, in their hats. WAR OF THE REBELLION. 187 capital until February, 1863, when it joined Gen. Burnside's army on the Rappahannock, and went into camp at White Oak Church, where it was assigned to duty in the First Army Corps, the brigade of which it was a part being under command of Col. Stone, of the One Hundred and Forty-ninth. On the 28th of April the regiment broke camp and moved to the Rappahannock. Crossing that stream it marched to Chancellorsville, arriving there on the morning of the 3d of May. It was under fire during the whole of that day and a part of the 4th, but suf fered only slight loss. On the 6th it recrossed the river and returned to the old camp at White Oak Church, where it remained till again put in motion to move with the army to meet the Confederate forces which were pressing forward under Gen. Lee to the invasion of Pennsylvania. It arrived within four miles of Gettysburg on the evening of June 30th, and on the following day reached the famous field, and took part in the opening of the battle, when the heroic Gen. Reynolds fell. It was continually under fire during the remainder of the battle, and with its brigade "repelled the repeated attacks of vastly superior numbers, and maintained the position until the final retreat of the whole line." 1 Col. Stone, in command of the brigade, was severely wounded, and at night the Union troops were forced to retire. Passing through Gettysburg, the regiment with its brigade was placed in reserve at Cemetery Hill. On the 2d, towards the close of the day, the division was ordered to the assistance of the Second Corps, but did not then become closely engaged. Soon afterwards the regiment took part in an attack on the enemy at a point where a Union battery had been taken. Two of them were recaptured after a severe fight. During the night the regiment remained on the front line. It was relieved in the morning of the 3d, but lay under a terrific fire of artillery for many hours, until the ominous lull that preceded the grand charge by eighteen thousand of the flower of the Confederate army. The losses of the regiment in the three days of battle were two hundred and five killed and wounded and one hundred and thirty-one missing, of which latter nearly all were prisoners or killed and wounded who fell into the hands of the enemy. The greater part of the loss was sustained in the first day's fight, in Col. Stone's report of which he said " nearly two-thirds of my command fell on the field." After the campaign of Gettysburg, the regiment, being greatly reduced in numbers, was not very ac tively engaged in the operations of the summer and Bill. Its winter-quarters were made near Culpeper, where the strength of the command was largely in creased by accessions of recruits and the return of convalescents. On the 4th of May, 1864, the regi ment moved with the other troops, and crossing the Rapidan at Germania Ford, and entered the Wilder- 1 Official report of Gen. Doubleday. ness, where it became closely engaged on the 5th, losing heavily and being compelled to fall back from the field. On the 6th the battle was renewed and the regiment again engaged, making two gallant charges, and being repulsed and compelled to fall back to the works. It was in this day's fight that the gallant Gen. Wadsworth was killed. The loss of the regi ment in the battles of the 5th and 6th was one hun dred and thirteen killed and wounded and ninety- three taken prisoners. On the 8th it fought at Laurel Hill, holding its position all day and throwing up works at night. It fought again on the 10th, driving the enemy from his works, and held the ground till night, losing in this battle fifty-nine killed and wounded. On the 12th it was engaged in the furious battle at Spottsylvania Court-House. It crossed the North Anna River on the 23d, and late in the after noon of that day the enemy made an impetuous at tack, before which the brigade gave way and fell back to a more secure position, which was held and forti fied. In this fight the regiment lost severely in killed and wounded, among the former being Lieut. C. S. Zimmerman, of Company I. The regiment took part in the engagement at Beth esda Church, on the 31st of May and 1st of June, and during the succeeding four days was continually under fire, though with but light loss: It crossed the James River on the 16th of June, and on the 18th was en gaged with the enemy before Petersburg, taking and holding a position, and losing twenty-two killed and wounded. From the crossing of the Rapidan, May 4th, to the end of July the losses of the regiment were two hundred and eighty-three killed and wounded, and one hundred and twenty-two missing. On the 18th of August it fought with its brigade at the Wel don Railroad, losing nine killed and wounded and four missing. During September the regiment was held in reserve, but went again to the front on the 1st of October, and on the 27th took part in the battle at Hatcher's Run. On the 7th of December it again took part in an advance on the Weldon Railroad, and lost slightly in skirmishes with the Confederate cav alry. On the 6th of February it fought at Dabney's Mills, and was again engaged on the 7th, driving the enemy from his position. On the 10th it was with drawn from the front and ordered to Baltimore, Md. From there it was sent, with the One Hundred and Fiftieth Regiment, to Elmira, N. Y., to guard the camps of the Confederate prisoners at that place. In that duty the One Hundred and Forty-ninth remained until the close of the war, and was mustered out of service June 24, 1865. Following is a list of officers and enlisted men of the Huntingdon County com pany of the regiment : ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY-NINTH REGIMENT. Company I. Capt. George W. Speer, must, in Aug. 26, 1862 ; pro. to maj. Aug. 29, 1862. Capt. Brice X. Blair, must, in Aug. 27, 1862; pro. from 1st lieut Oct. 6, 188 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 1862; wounded, with loss of arm, at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863; disch. by S. 0. Feb. 5, 1864. Capt. Samuel Diffenderfer, must, in Aug. 18,1862; pro. from sergt. to 1st lieut. March 25, 1863, to 1st lieut. Jan. 29, 1864, to capt. March 17, 1864; disch. on surg. certif. May 4, 1864. Capt. David R. P. Neeley, must in Aug. 26, 1862; captured at Gettys burg, Pa., July 1, 1863; pro. from Corp. to sergt. Aug. 30, 1862, to 1st sergt. Feb. 9, 1864, to 2d lieut. March 22, 1864, to capt. June 26, 1864; must out with company June 24, 1865. First Lieut. Henry C. Weaver, must, in Aug. 26, 1862; pro. from sergt. Aug. 30, 1862 ; disch. by S. 0. March 26, 1863. First Lieut. Alfred A. Thompson, must, in Aug. 26, 1862 ; pro. from 2d lieut. March 25, 1863 ; disch. for wounds received at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. First Lieut. C. S. Zimmerman, must, in Aug. 19,1862; pro. from 1st sergt. to 2d lieut Feb. 9, 1864, to lBt lieut. March 17, 1864 ; killed at North Anna River, Va., May 23, 1864 ; buried in Nat. Cern., Rich mond, section C, division 3, grave 145. F'irst Lieut. Josepli R. Shaver, must, in Aug. 19, 1862; wounded at Get tysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863; pro. from corp. to sergt. Dec. 9,1862, to 1st sergt. March 22, 1864, to 1st lieut. June 30, 1864; must, out with compitny June 24, 1865. Second Lieut. D. C. M. Appleby, must, in Aug. 19, 1862 ; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863 ; pro. from corp. to sergt Sept. 1, 1863, to 2d lieut. Jnne 30, 1864 ; must, out June 24, 1865. First Sergt. James S. Gillam, must, in Aug. 19, 1862; pro. from corp. to sergt. March 22,1864, to 1st sergt. June 30, 1864; must, out with company June 24, 1865. First Sergt. Warren Raymond, must, in Aug. 26, 1862 ; killed at Gettys burg, Pa., July 1, 1863. Sergt. Levi G. Graham, must, in Aug. 19, 1862; pro. to corp. Dec. 9, 1862, to sergt. March 22,1864; must, out with company June 24, 1865. Sergt. D. B. Lamberson, must, in Aug. 19, 1862 ; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1; 1863; pro. to corp. Fob. 9, 1864, to sergt. Nov. 30, 1864; must out with company June 24, 1865. Sergt. John F. Ramsey, must, in Aug. 19, 1862 ; captured at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863 ; pro. to corp. June 30, 1864, to Borgt. May 1, 1865 ; must, out with company. Sergt. James M. Uhler, must in Aug. 14, 1862; drafted; wounded at Spottsylvania Court-House, Va., May 10, 1864 ; pro. from private May 16, 1865 ; must, out with company. Sergt. Samuel J. Campbell, must, in Aug. 19, 1862; wounded at Gettys burg, Pa., July 1, 1863; disch. by G. O. May 17, 1865. Sergt Samuel D. Fousl, must, in Aug. 19, 1862 ; captured at North Anna River, Va., May 22, 1864; died at Andersonville, Ga., Nov. 14, 1864; grave 12,025. Corp. Peter North, must, in Aug. 19, 1862; wounded at Spottsylvania Court-House, Va., May 10, 1864; pro. to corp. June 30, 1864; must. out with company June 24, 1865. Corp. David Harshberger, must, in Aug. 19, 1862 ; pro. to corp. June 30, 1864; must out with company June 24, 1865. Corp. John W. Yocmn, must, in Aug. 26, 1862 ; pro. to Corp. June 30, 1864; must, out with company June 24,1865. Corp. George Goshorn, must in Aug. 19, 1862; pro. to corp. June 30, 1864 ; must, out with company June 24, 1865. Corp. Joseph Recker, must, in Aug. 19, 1862; wounded at Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864; pro. to corp. Nov. 30, 1864; must, out with com pany June 24, 1865. Corp. Augustus Eberman, must, in Aug. 19, 1862 ; pro. to corp. March 22, 1864; wounded at Hatcher's Run, Va., Feb. 7, 1865; must, out with company June 24, 1865. Corp. Samuel H. Price, muBt. in Aug. 30, 1862 ; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863; pro. to corp. Feb. 9, 1864; absent, sick, at muster out of company. Corp. Franklin D. Rutter, must, in Aug. 15, 1862; drnftod; wounded at Wilderness, Va., May 6, 1864 ; pro. to Corp. May 16, 1865 ; must, out with company June 24, 1865. Corp. James H. Farmer, must, in Aug. 26, 1862 ; killed at Laurel Hill Vn., May 8, 1864. Corp. Thomas J. McClure, must in Aug. 26, 1862; killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. Corp. Peter M. Miuicb, must, in Aug. 19, 1862; killed at Petersburg, Va , Juno 18, 1864. Corp. David A. McClure, must, in Aug. 26, 1862 ; died at Alexandria, Va., June 14, 1864. Corp. John W. North, must, in Aug. 19, 1862; killed at North Anna River, Va., May 23, 1864 ; buried in National Cemetery at Richmond Va., section 6, division 3, grave 166. (The balance of this company was mustered out of the service of tho United States June 24, 1865, unless otherwise specified.) Appleby, David C, must in Aug. 30, 1862 ; diBch. Jan. 16, 1865 ftp wounds received at Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. Appleby, Thomas M., must, in Aug. 19, 1862; captured at North Anna River, Va., May 23, 1864: died in Andersonville, Ga., Oct. 24 1864- grave 11,419. Boyer, James S.,.must in' Aug. 26, 1862. Bird, John, must, in Aug. 14, 1863; drafted; wounded at Spottsylvania Court-House, Va., May 11, 1864. Bulock, Joseph, must, in Aug. 14, 1863; drafted. Breckbill. Daniel, must in Aug. 26, 1862 ; drafted; disch. by G. 0. Jane 30, 1865. Baughby, Benjamin, must, in Oct 15, 1863; drafted. Brown, William H., must, in Oct. 16, 1863; drafted. Barlett, John, must, in Feb. 21, 1865. Burnett, John A., must, in Aug. 16, 1863 ; drafted; missing in action at Cold Harbor, Va., June 8, 1864. Browning, Jacob T., must, in Aug. 26, 1863 ; disch. on surg. certif. March 28, 1864. Blair, James C, must, in Aug. 26, 1862 ; died Oct. 7, of wounds re ceived at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. Barnett, Ephraim F., must, i n Aug. 14, 1863 ; drafted ; captured at North Anna River, Va., May 23,1864; died Aug. 23,1864, at Anderson ville, Ga. ; grave 6609. Beaty, David W., must in Aug. 19, 1862. Briggs, George W., must, in Aug. 19, 1862. Copenhaver, N., must, in Aug. 19, 1862; missing in action at Weldon Railroad, Va., Aug. 21, 1864. Cowdon, James, must, in Aug. 19, 1862; captured at Warrentoa June* tion.Va., Dec. 1,1863. Crispen, George W., must, in Aug. 14, 1863; drafted. Carothers, James C, must, in Aug. 15, 1863 ; drafted ; absent on detached service. Clemins, William, must in Aug. 17, 1863 ; drafted ; wounded at Wilder* ue6B, Va., May 5, 1864. Colegate, James D., must, in March 16, 1864. Colegate, Robert D., mnst. in March 16, 1864. Campbell, David M., must, in March 27, 1865. Coral, Lemuel, must, in Aug. 26, 1862; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 19, 1862. Cowden, John M., must, in Aug. 26, 1862; died July 20, of wounds received at Gettysburg, Pa., Jnly 1,1863; buried in U.S. General Hospital Cemetery, York, Pa. Clarkson, William M., must, in Aug. 20, 1862; died July 18, of woundi received at Gettysburg, Pa , July 1, 1863. Demars, Joseph, must, in Aug. 22, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 29, 1862. Drake, Isaac Z., must, in Aug. 30, 1862 ; killed at Gettysburg, Pa., Jul; 1, 1863. Evans, Lewis, must, in Aug. 26, 1863; drafted. Evans, David, must, in April 6, 1865. Early, John C, must, in Aug. 26,1862; captured at Wilderness, Va, May 5, 1864 ; disch. by G. O. June 12, 1865. Evans, Isaiah, must, in Sept. 29, 1863; drafted; killed at Laurel Hill Va., May 8, 1864. Eyer, Daniel, must in Aug. 14, 1863; drafted; died at Washington.D.C, Feb. 4, 1864 ; buried in Harmony burial-grounds. Fogal, Adam, must, in Aug. 30, 1862 ; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., Mj 1, 1863. Fetter, George, must in Aug. 26, 1863 ; drafted. Frownfetter, Amos, must, in Aug. 17, 1863; drafted. Farmer, ThomaB H., muBt in Aug. 22, 1862; disch. by S. 0. May 14,1868. Foster, David H., must, iu Aug. 26, 1862; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 9, 1862. Gambell, James M., must, in Aug. 26, 1862; captured at Weldon Bail- road, Va., Ang. 21, 1864 ; died at Salisbury, N. C, Jan. 25,1865. Garland, Daniel A., must, in Aug. 17, 1863; drafted. Grahm, David K., must, in Aug. 17, 1863 ; drafted. Gunter, David, must in Aug. 26, 1862; disch. on surg. certif. Nov. 17, 1862. Gardner, Absalom, must, in Aug. 26, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. March 14, 1863. Genszler, Johu D., muBt in Aug. 17, 1833; drafted; disch. on n* certif. Jan. 26, 1864. WAR OF THE REBELLION. 189 Gates, Jeremiah E., must, in Sept. 29, 1863 ; drafted ; wounded at Peters burg, Va., June 18, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 17, 1865. Goshorn, Samuel M., must, in Aug. 19, 1862 ; disch. by S. 0. July 8, 1865. Goshorn, Georgo W., must, in Aug. 26, 1862; died at Shade Gap, Pa., Oct. 21, 1862. Graham, William H., must, in Sept 5, 1863 ; drafted ; died Oct 31, 1863, at Bristoe Station, Va. ; buried in Nat. Cern., Richmond, Va., section C, division E, grave 82. Goshorn, John M., must, in Aug. 26, 1862. Hartly, John, must, in Aug. 15, 1863; drafted; missing in action at Wilderness, Va., May 5, 1864. Hammon, Amos, mnst. in Aug. 16, 1863; drafted. Hohenberry, Joseph, must in March 21, 1865. Hoover, Jacob, must, in April 7, 1865. Hall, George C, must, in April 11, 1865. Harper, Robert, niuBt in Aug. 26, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. Sept. 19, 1863. Hunt, Charles H., must, in Aug. 19, 1862 ; diBch. on surg. certif. Feb. 27, 1863. Huntsman, Thomas S., must, in Aug. 18, 1863 ; drafted ; disch. by G. 0. May 16, 1865. lHerr,Daniel K., mnst. in Aug. 14, 1863; drafted; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 5, 1864. : Hartzell, Daniel, must, in Aug. 14, 1863 ; drafted ; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 11, 1863. Holliday, Henry C, must in Aug, 19, 1862; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps Oct. 17, 1864 ; disch. on surg. certif. Feb. 18, 1865. - Harmony, William 11., must, in Aug. 19, 1862 ; killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863 ; buried in National Cemetery, section A, grave 17. [.Howe, George, must in Aug. 17, 1863 ; drafted ; died at Sylvania, Brad ford Co., Pa., Nov. 6, 1864. Hall, Hugh, must, in Jan. 25, 1864 ; captured at North Anna Court- t House, Va , May 23, 1864 ; died at Andersonville, Ga., Aug. 8, 1864, grave 6080. aIrvin, Andrew, must, in Aug. 14, 1863 ; drafted. Johnston, William, must, in Aug. 19, 1862; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863; disch. on surg. certif. Jan. 29, 1865. Kough, Graham, must, in Aug. 19, 1862. KesBinger, Thomas M., must, in Aug. 14, 1863 ; drafted ; wounded near Spottsylvania Court-House, Va., May 20, 1864; absent, in hospital, at muster out. ,,,Kistler, David S., must, in Oct. 9, 1863 ; drafted. ^ Jtirchner, Lewis, must, in Sept. 5, 1863 ; drafted ; captured at Wilder ness, Va., May 6, 1864; disch. by G. 0. June 12, 1865. . Kennedy, Joseph X,, must, in Aug. 22, 1862 ; not on muster-out roll. "Lightner, Scott, must, in March 22, 1865. Lightner, Androw, must, iu March 22, 1865. '"Leonard, Simpson, must, in Aug. 26, 1S62 ; disch. on surg. certif. March 14, 1863. Leaeure, Solomon, must, in Sept. 29, 1863 ; drafted ; died at Alexandria, Va., Jan. 29, 1864; buried in National Cemetery, grave 1355. Langhlin, Matthew J., must in Aug. 19, 1862 ; killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863. 1 Manherz, John M., must, in Ang. 26, 1863 ; drafted. Miller, George W., must, in Aug. 26, 1863; drafted; wounded at "' Spottsylvania Court-House, Va., May 10, 1864. Maxwell, Henry, must, in Oct. 5, 1863 ; drafted ; wounded at SpottByl- '" vania Court-House, Va., May 10, 1864. * Merritt, Levi, must, in March 27, 1865. K'Miller, Saipuel E., must, in April 5, 1865. Moore, Jacob B., must, in Aug. 19, 1862 ; wounded at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1, 1863; disch. on surg. certif. Oct. 5, 1864. 1 Miller, Isaac, must, in Aug. 26, 1862 ; disch. on surg. certif. Dec. 17, 1862. IfMeanan, Patrick, must, in Aug. 26, 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps Feb. l« 15, 1864. Myerly, George S., must, in Aug. 26, 1862 ; trans, to Vet. Res. Corps -J' April 6, 1864. ;t in Feb. 26, 1864. Correll, Elliott D., must, in Feb. 25, 1864. Cornelius, Peter L., must, in Feb. 25,1864. Clevenger, Adam, must, in Feb. 18, 1864. Cutchall, John W., must in Feb. 18, 1864. Chestnut, John M., must, in Feb. 23, 1864. Crownover, William H., must, in Feb. 26, 1864. Cook, Joseph M., must, in Feb. 27, 1864; absent, sick, at muster out. Cowan, Samuel, must, in Fob. 18, 1864; disch. by G. O. May 19, 1865. Clifford, George, must, iu Feb. 18, 1804. Doyle, William, must in Feb. 18, 1864. Doile, Cornelius, must, in Feb. 18, 1864. Decker, David, must, in Feb. 26, 1864. Dishong, Adam, Jr., must, in Feb. 25, 1864. Edwards, Josepli, must in Feb. 25, 1864. Evans, Asahel Y., must, in Feb. 26, 1864. Early, John H., must, in Feb. 26, 1864. Flasher, William, must, in Feb. 26, 1864. Flasher, John, must, in Feb. 26, 1864. Glister, Peter, must, in Feb. 26, 1864. Gehrett, John. J., must, in Feb. 27, 1864. Goodman, Benjamin F., must, in Sept. 19, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 30, 1865. Hoke, James, must, in Feb. 18, 1864. Hnmill, Alexander B., must, in Fob. 18, 1864. Houck, Isaac, must iu Feb. 18, 1864. Ileeter, James E., must, in Fob. 27, 1864. Herr, John H., must, in Feb. 25, 1864. Hicks, John G., must in Feb. 25, 1864. Hirst, William, must, in Feb. 27, 1864. 196 HISTORY OP HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Houseman, Willinm E., must in Feb. 27, 1864. Isenberg, James, must in Feb. 26, 1864. Isell, Samuel G., must, in Feb. 26, 1804; trans, to Co. G, 16th Regt. Vet. Res. Corps; disch. by G. 0. Oct. 27, 1865. Isenberg, Thomas J. James, Silas, must, in Feb. 26, 1864. Kinkead, David P., must, in Feb. 26, 1864 ; com. 2d lieut. June 13, 1865 ; not mustered. Kuhn, Francis, must, in Feb. 18, 1864. Ketterman, A. B., must, in Feb. 25, 1864. Lytle, Reuben S., must, in Feb. 26, 1804. Lytle, William A., must in Feb. 29, 1864. Logan, James, must in Feb. 26, 1864. Litsinger, George 0., must, iu Sept. 19, 1864. Leidig, Jeremiah, must, in Feb. 18, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 18, 1865. Long, Elijah, must, in Feb. 26, 1864. Murray, James II., must, in Feb. 23, 1864. Marshall, Charles, must, in Feb. 26, 1864. Mathias, Henry C, must in Feb. 18, 1864. McKinney, Joseph, must in Feb. 18, 1864. McDonald, Robert A., must, in Feb. 26, 1864. McCarthy, Alvin R,., must, in Feb. 26, 1864. McCartney, John S., must in Feb. 27, 1864. Needham, George, must, in Feb. 18, 1864. Nail, Frederick R., must, in Feb. 26, 1864; disch. by G. 0. July 8, 1865. Purdonner, M. H., must, in Feb. 29, 1864. Ramsey, Jackson B., must, in Fob. 18, 1864. Ruuinn, Abraham, mnst. in Feb. 18, 1864. Ray, Elliott, must in Feb. 18, 1804. Robinson, William, must, in Feb. 23, 1864. Richards, John, must, in Feb. 27, 1864. Shafer, George, must, in Feb. 18, 1864. Skipper, Abraham, must, in Feb. 18, 1864. Steward, John, must, in Feb. 18, 1804. Smiley, John J., must, in Fob. 26, 1864. Slack, Joseph M , must, iu Feb. 26, 1864. Shields, Alexander, must, in Feb. 18, 1864. Secrist, Jesse, must, in Feb. 26, 1864. Secrist, David, must, in Feb. 25, 1864; absent, sick, at muster out. Sowers, George, must in Feb. 18, 1864; absent, sick, at muster out. Small, Aloysius F., must, in Feb. 18, 1864; captured; died at Salisbury, N. C, Feb 25,1865. Sheffer, Charles W., must, in Feb. 23, 1864. Taylor, Henry, must, in Feb. 26, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. June 9, 1865. Trayer, John, must, in Feb. 18, 1864. Valance, David, mnst. in Feb. 18, 1864. Walker, William M., must, in Fob. 29, 1864. Wilson, John J., must, in Feb. 26, 1864. Wonn, Paul, must in Feb. 27, 1864. One Hundred and Ninety-second Regiment.—. This regiment was originally composed of fourteen companies, enlisted for one hundred days' service, largely made up of members of the One Hundred and Twentieth Regiment of militia, which had been called out in 1862, and again in 1863, with the short term troops which were put in the field to repel the Confederate invasions which were defeated respec tively by the battles of Antietam and Gettysburg. The regiment was organized in July, 1864, and moved from Philadelphia on the 23d of that month, and proceeded to Baltimore, where it was soon after stationed at Fort McHenry. It was afterwards sta tioned at Johnson's Island, Lake Erie, at Gallipolis Ohio (guarding stores, and detachments of it guard ing boats on the Ohio River), and at Ironton, Ohio. On the 30th of September seven of the companies proceeded to the head of Hughes River, West Vir ginia, where, and in which vicinity, they remained until the expiration of their enlistment, Nov. 11 1864, when they were mustered out. In February, 1865, a second regiment, also desig. nated as the One Hundred and Ninety-second was organized for a one year's term of service, under command of Col. William W. Stewart. In this regi ment was one company (B) made up largely of Hunt ingdon County men, and of which the commissioned officers were Capt. William F. Johnston (promoted to major of the regiment), First Lieut. Thomas S. John ston, and Second Lieut. Alfred Tyhurst. Another company (D) was largely composed of Blair County men. The officers were Capt. S. A. Andrews, First Lieut. James Rodgers, Second Lieut. John Swires. The regiment entered the field in the spring cam paign of 1865, in Central Virginia, west of the Blue Ridge, but never became actively engaged, as the surrender of Gen. Lee at Appomattox, on the 9th of April, included all Confederate troops in Virginia and virtually ended the war. The regiment was mus tered out on the 24th of August following. Relow are given lists of the Huntingdon and Blair County companies of the One Hundred and Ninety-second viz. : Company B (One Year). (This company was mustered out of the service of the United States on the 24th of August, 1805, except in a few cases otherwise noted.) Capt Williiim F. Johnston, must, in Feb. 17, 1865. Capt. Thomas S. JobiiBton, must, in Feb. 11, 1865; pro. from private 195th (one year) Regt. to 1st lieut. Fob. 17, 1865, to capt. April 21, 1865. 1st Lieut. Alfred Tyhurst, must, in Feb. 17, 1865 ; pro. from 2d lieut. April 21, 1865. 2d Lieut. Henry A. Hoffman, must, in Feb. 14, 1865 : pro. from private to 1st sergt. Feb. 17, 1805, to 2d lieut. April 19, 1865. 1st Sergt. Russell R. Henry, must in Feb. 14, 1865. Sergt. Henry C. Carmon, must, in Feb. 8, 1865. Sergt. David Hanley, must, in Feb. 14, 1805. Sergt Augustus R. Deal, must, in Feb. 14, 1865. Sergt John O'Neil, must, in Feb. 14, 1805 ; absent at muster out. Corp. George Y. Kurtz, must in Feb. 13, 1865. Curp. James E. Thompson, must, in Feb. 14,1865. Corp. William Bricker, must, iu Feb. 9, 1865. Corp. Clifford Graffius, must, in Feb. 14, 1865. Corp. Thomas McBreen, must, in Feb. 14, 1865. Corp. James C. Hight, must, in Feb. 8, 1865. Corp. William H. O'Donnell, must, in Feb. 9, 1865. Africa, Henry L„ must in Feb. 9, 1805. Ayres, Robert H., must, in Feb. 14, 1865. Brumbaugh, D. W.C., must, in Feb. 8, 1865. Bricker, George H., must, iu Feb. 9, 1865. Bulger, Zachariall, must in Feb. 13, 1865. Butler, John C, must, in Feb. 14, 1865. Barr, John, must in Feb. 15, 1865. Barr, William M., must, in Feb. 15, 1865. Barrick, William, must, in Fob. 8, 1865; died at Harper's Ferry, Vs., June 16. 1865. Cunningham, J. M., must, in Feb. 8, 1865. Condron, Jacob, must in Fob. 13, 1865. Conrad, Samuel, must, in Fob. 14, 1805. Dickson, Edward C.,must. in Feb. 8, 1865. Decker, Marshall, must, in Feb. 8, 1865. Dickson, David C, must, in Fob. 14, 1865. Dickson, Thomas C, must, in Feb 14, 1865. Dickson, James M., must in Feb, 14, 1865 ; absent, sick, at muster out, Denny, Daniel, must, in Feb. 13, 1865; disch. by G. 0. June 5, 1865. Eaton, Bird C, must, in Feb. 14, 1865. Eichelberger, Michael, must, in Feb. 14, 1865. Filter, William, must in Feb. 13,1865. Gates, William (1st), must, in Fob." 14,1865. Gates, William (2d), must, in Feb. 14, 1865. Gates, Thomas, must, in Feb. 14, 1865. WAR OF THE REBELLION. 197 Grnzlor, Abednego, must, in Feb. 14, 1866. Gillespie, Andrew, must, in Feb. 14, 1865. Grady, Thomas D., mnst. in Feb. 15, 1865. Grady, James S., must, in Feb. 8, 1865 ; not on muster-out roll. Illcks, William, must, in Feb. 8, 1865. Houck, John, must in Feb. 8, 1865. Hoffman, John, must, in Feb. 8, 1865. Hnz/Jinl, John, must in Feb. 8, 1865. JTIooil, Lewis, must in Feb. 9, 1865. Hurl, James M , must, in Feb. 13, 1865. Howell, Thomas, must, in Feb. 13, 1865. Henderson, W. T., must, in Feb. 14, 1865. Hanley, Jacob, must, in Feb. 14, 1865. Henestnn, William, must in Feb. 14, 1865. Hale, Elijah, must, in Feb. 14, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. Aug. 7, 1865. Hosstnger, William, must, in Jan. 30, 1865 ; not on muster-out roll. Itinger, Stephon, must in Feb. 14, 1865. Johnston, George B., must, in Feb. 8,1865. Jones, William W., must, in Feb. 14, 1865. Kauffnian, Benjamin, must in Feb. 14, 1865. Koplin, William 0., muBt in Fob. 14, 1865. Kauffnian, Joseph, must, in Feb. 14, 1865 ; died near Winchester, Va., June 11, 1865. Long, Henry C, must, in Feb. 8, 1865. Lang. Silas, must, in Feb. 14, 1865. Leabhart, William G., must, in Feb. 14, 1865. Long, Thomas, must, in Feb. 8, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. Aug. 7, 1865. Morningstar, J. M., must in Feb. 9, 1865. Malone, James Y., must, in Feb. 13, 1865. Malzie, Valentine, must, in Feb. 14, 1865. Morgan, William M., must, in Feb. 14, 1865. Moore, Samuel T., must, in Feb. 9, 1865. McDonald, Alfred, must, in Feb. 14, 1865. McClnskey.D. A., must, iu Feb. 13. 1865. Kail, John V., mnst in Feb. 14, 1865. Pope, David, must, in Feb. 15, 1365. Rupert, William, must, in Feb. 13,1865. RoBensteel, John J., must, in Feb. 14, 1865. Rupe, William, must, in Feb. 9, 1865. Riley, Charles M., must, in Feb. 13, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. May 26, 1865. Simpson, Thomas M., must in Feb. 8, 1865. Skeese, James E , must, in Feb. 8, 1865. Swoope, George W., must, in Feb. 8, 1865. Shives, Thomas M., must, in Feb. 8, 1865. Strickler, Henry D., must, in Feb. 13, 1865. Stonffer, Henry, must, in Feb. 13, 1865. Stuart, Aaron K., must, in Feb. 14, 1865. Shriner, John, must, in Feb. 14, 1865. Sivivle, John, must, in Feb. 8, 1865. Skelly, William, must, in Feb. 14, 1865. Snyder, Peter, must, in Feb. 13, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. Aug. 8, 1865. States, Benjamin F., must, in Feb. 14, 1865. Shaffer, David S., must, in Jan. 30, 1865; not on muster-out roll. Vanolman, Joseph, must, in Feb. 14, 1865. Westbrook, John H., must, in Feb. 8, 1865. Wirt, Jeremiah, must, in Feb. 8, 1865. Weir, LewiB, must in Feb. 14, 1865. Wirt, William, mnst. in Feb. 8, 1865. Westbrook, Joseph, must, in Feb. 8, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. Aug. 7, 1865. CHAPTER XXVIII. MILITARY— WAR OF THE REBELLION.— (Continued.) THE TWO HUNDRED AND SECOND, TWO nUNDRED AND FIFTH, AND TWO HUNDRED AND EIGHTH REGIMENTS- HUNTINGDON AND BLAIR MEN IN OTHER REGIMENTS. The Two Hundred and Second Regiment was organized for one year's -service at Camp Curtin, Sept. 3, 1864, under Col. Charles Albright. One company (K) of the regiment was recruited in Hunt ingdon County. Its commissioned officers were Capt. A. W. Decker, First Lieut. John S. Morrison, Second Lieut. Peter Shaver. On the 10th of September the regiment moved to Chambersburg, Pa., and thence on the 30th to Alex andria, Va. From there it was ordered to the Ma nassas Gap Railroad to guard the line, and keep it open for the transportation of supplies to the Army of the Shenandoah. In this duty it was several times engaged with guerrillas who infested that region and obstructed the railroad and threw a train off the track, killing several soldiers and wounding twenty, for which act the troops burned all the houses within a mile of the scene of the outrage. After wards citizens of rebel proclivities were compelled to ride on each train, and by this course their safety was secure for the future. In December the regiment moved to Fairfax, and was placed on duty on the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, and in fortifying at different points along the line, but saw no fighting except occasional skir mishing with guerrillas. In May, 1865, the regiment was moved to Pennsylvania, and was posted at Ta- maqua and other points in the anthracite region, where it remained on duty until its muster out at Harrisburg, Aug. 3, 1865. Company K. (This entire company, except Corp. Samuel Booher, who died at Fairfax Station, Va., Dec. 11, 1864, and Private Samuel L. Glasgow, promoted to commissary sergeant Sept. 7, 1864, was mustered out of the service on the 3d day of August, 1865.) Capt. A. Wilson Decker, must, in Sept. 8, 1864. 1st Lieut John S. Morrison, must in Sept 2, 1864. 2d Lieut. Peter Shaver, must in Sept. 2, 1864. 1st Sergt. John A. Woodcock, must in Sept. 5, 1864. Sergt. Henry Hudson, must, iu Sept. 2, 1864. Sergt. William J. Hampson, must, in Sept. 4, 1864. Sergt. George M. Spn.no>. le, must, in Sept 2, 1864. Sergt. Samuel L. Heeter, must In Sept. 4, 1864. Corp. John Wilson, must, in Sept. 2, 1864. Corp. John Price, must in Sept 2, 1864. -¦"Corp. Jacob B. Swope, must, in Sept. 2, 1864. Corp. David Johns, must in Sept. 1, 1861. Corp. Alfred Etnier, must in Sept. 2, 1864. Corp. David B. Heck, must, in Sept. 2, 1864. Corp. George D. Eyster, must, in Sept 1, 1864. Corp John B. Chilcoat. must, in Sept 1. 1864. Corp. Samuel Booher, must, in Sept. 2, 1864. Appleby, Thomas A., must, in Sept. 5, 1864. Booher, Joshua M., must in Sept 2, 1804. Baker, George S., must, in Sept. 1, 1S64. Bruce, Patrick H., must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Bratton, William C, must, in Sept. 2, 1864. Brown, Elihu, must, in Sept. 5, 1864. Bolinger, Philip, must, in Sept. 5, 1864. Beer, Lewis, must, in Sept. 4, 1864. Betts, David R., must, in Sept. 6, 1864. Brown, Hiram, must, iu Sept. 6, 1864. Cornelius, George \V., must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Cornelius, Joseph H., must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Copenhaver, Peter, mnst. in Sept. 1, 1864. Clark, William F., must, iu Sept. 1, 1864. Copenhaver, David, must, in Sept. 2, 1864. Collins, Thomas, must, iu Sept. 1, 1864. Collins, Lewis L., must, in Sept. 5, 1804. Cornelius, Joshua, must, in Sept. 2, 1864. Dell, Ilenry S., must, iu Sept. 5, 1864. Dickson, Thomas, must, in Sept 4. 1864. 198 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Borland, Thomas, must, in Sept. 2, 1864. De La Vin Morris, mnst. in Sept, 1, 1864. Douglas, Benjamin F.. must, in Sept. 4, 1864. Davis, Benjamin, must, in Sept 2,1864. Eastman, Edmund, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Friedly, Howard, must, in Sept 1, 1864. Goodman, John M., must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Grove, David, must, iu Sept. 2, 1864. Gault, Ezekiel, must in Sept. 5, 1864. Greenland, Abia, must, in Sept. %, 1864. Gilliland, Thomas J . must, in Sept. 2, 1864. Gray, William A., must, in Sept. 4, 1864. Green, William H., must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Gulick, Samuel S., must, in Sept. 4, 1864. Glasgow, Samuel L., must, in Sept. 2, 1864. Hudson, Millard F„ must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Hampson, Robert, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Hoffman, Conrad, must, in Sept. 5, 1864. Hileman, James, must, in Sept. 2, 1864. Hileman, Luther, must, in Sept. 2, 1864. Hudson, George B., must, in Sept. 4, 1864. Heck, Elijah G., must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Heck, William II., must, iu Sept. 1, 1864. Heck, Daniel B., must, in Sept. 6, 1864. Harney, George W., must ill Oct. 6, 1864. Hutchinson, Marshall, must, in Fob. 8, 1865. Lynn, William M., must, in Sept 1, 1864. Lynn, Alva, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Lynn, James, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Lockard, Jacob C, must, in Sept. 4, 1864. Logan, Dennis, mnst. in Sept. 5, 1864. Lamp, Henry, must, iu Sept. 2, 1864. Leonard, Samuel, mur-t. in Sept. 2, 1864. Moore, Curran E., must, in Sept. 4, 1864. Montgomery, Jacob, nuiBt in Sept 4, 1864. Mitler, Thomas B., must, in Sept. 2, 1864. Miller, James, must, in Sept. 2, 1864. Mundorff, William, must in Sept. 2, 1864. Meminger, John F., must in Sept. 1, 1804. Mailiu, James T., must in Sept. 1, 1864. Miner, Samuel, must, iu March 6, 1865. McElwee, David, must in Sept. 1, 1864. McKinstry, lames, must, iu Sept. 4, 1864. Price, Abraham R., must in Sept. 2, 1864. Park, Jacob B., must, iu Sept. 5, 1864. Piper, William, must in Sept. 1, 1S64. Perkins, Stephen, must, iu Sept. 1, 1864. Ruter, Charles \V\, must, iu Sept. 5, 1864. Runk, David E., must, in Sept 4, 1864. Snyder, Joseph II., must, in Sept. 2, 1804. Steele, Samuel, must, in Sept. 2, 1864. Smith, Philip, must, iu Sept. 2, 1864. Snyder, Wesley, must, in Sept. 5, 1864. Sharrer, Francis M., must, iu Sept. 1, 1864. Stevens, Wesley M., must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Shafer, David E., must in Sept. J, 1864. Stains, Henry T., must, iu Sept. 1, 18e4. Senft, George V., must iu Sept. 4, 1864. Swope, George W., must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Swank, JoBiah, must in Feb. 28, 1865. Wilson, Thomas, must, in Sept. 2, 1864. Welch, David G., must in Sept. 1, 1864. Wagoner, Anderson, must, in Sept. 4, 1864. Weaver, Philip, muBt. in Sept. 1, 1864. Wagoner, John P., must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Young, Robert, must, in Feb. 28, 1865. Two Hundred and Fifth Regiment.— The ren dezvous of this regiment was at Camp Curtin, where it was organized on the 2d of September, 1864, and was mustered into the service for one year under the following-named field-officers, viz. : Col. Joseph A. Matthews, Lieut.-Col. William F. Walter, Maj. B. Mortimer Morrow, who had previously served with honor in the Eighty-fourth Regiment. Many of the enlisted men of the Two Hundred and Fifth were veterans of the early service. One of the companies (D) was raised in Huntingdon County. Three com panies were from Blair County, viz. : Company A Company C, and Company I. On the 5th of September the regiment left Harris burg and went to the front, camping at Fort Corco ran, on the Washington defenses, but soon after moved to City Point, Va., as an escort to about thir teen hundred recruits and drafted men, destined for Gen. Grant's army in front of Petersburg. At City Point the regiment was engaged in fatigue and picket duty. Early in October it joined the Army of the James, but about three weeks later it was trans ferred to the Army of the Potomac, and assigned to Gen. Hartranft's provisional brigade, which was at tached to the Ninth Corps, and which, about the mid dle of December, became a part of the Third Divis ion of that corps, Gen. Hartranft commanding the division, and Col. Matthews the brigade. The camp of the regiment was at Fort Prescott, on the "Army- Line Railroad," where, with the division, it made winter-quarters, the other divisions of the Ninth Corps holding positions in its front. The first battle of the regiment was the retaking of Fort Steadman, which had been previously captured by the enemy in a sudden and overwhelming assault. It was in the early gray of the morning (March 25, 1865) that the troops were formed in line for the at tack. The Two Hundred and Fifth was held in re serve, and in support of Hartranft's first line, where it remained for more than an hour. The assault was made with great impetuosity, and the work was car ried in gallant style. The regiment captured a number of prisoners, and lost ten wounded in the action. But the severest battle in which the Two Hundred and Fifth was engaged was the first assault on the works of the inner line at Petersburg, in the morning of April 2d. The regiment formed at eleven o'clock p.m. of the 1st, and at one a.m. of the 2d moved forward to the rear of Fort Sedgwick, then advanced and formed line of battle nearly on the picket line. At daylight the whole line advanced to the attack. The regiment assaulted Battery No. 30, carried it, taking a number of prisoners, and held the work against several determined assaults made by the enemy during the day. It remained on the frontline till two o'clock a.m. of the 3d, when it was relieved. In this engagement the regiment was exposed to the heaviest fire of musketry and. artillery, and suffered a loss of one hundred and twenty-one killed and wounded and five missing. Lieut. Henry A. Lower, of C company, was among the killed ; Maj. Morrow was wounded, losing a leg. Others among the wounded were Capt. Gwinner, of A company ; Lieut. David M. Butler, of C company ; and Lieut. David H. Geis- inger, of D company. On the 3d of April the regiment moved to the WAR OF THE REBELLION. 199 front of the Petersburg works, and found them evacu ated. It then marched with the other troops to Burkesville Junction, repairing the South. Side Rail road as it proceeded. It remained at Burkesville till after the war had been ended by the surrender of the Confederate armies under Lee and Johnston, when it moved back to City Point, and there embarked for Alexandria, near which place (at Fairfax Seminary) it remained until ordered to Pennsylvania. It was mustered out June 2, 1865. Following is a list of the officers and enlisted men of the Huntingdon and Blair County companies of this regiment, viz. : Company A. (Unless otherwise noted, the members of this company were mustered out of the service of the United Slates June 2, 1865.) Capt. George C. Gwinuer, must, in Sept. 4, 1864 ; wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2,1865. First Lieut Levi W. Port, must, in Sept. 2, 1864 : disch. on surg. certif. May 15, 1865. Second Lieut. Morris Davis, must, in Sept. 4, 1864 ; brevet capt. April 2, 1865. First Sergt. Ephraim Burket, must, in Aug. 20, 1864. Sergt Samuel Kulp, must, in Aug. 20, 1864. Sergt. Turbot Keim, must, in Aug. 20, 1864. Sergt. John R. Plummer, must, in Aug. 17, 1864 ; wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865; disch. by G. 0. June 14, 1865. Sergt. John Walton, must, in Aug. 31, 1864. Corp. Thomas C. Yingling, must in Aug. 20, 1864; wounded at Fort Steadman, Va., March 25, 1865. Corp. William R. Jones, must, iu Ang. 20, 1864. Corp. Jacob Broombaugh, must, in Aug. 20, 1864; wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865. Corp. Martin L. Rubison, must, in Aug. 20,1864; wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865. Corp. John Miller, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Corp. Thomas G. Bell, must, in Aug. 31, 1864. Corp. Adam Bowers, must, in Aug. 19, 1864. Corp. Alexander Beard, must, in Aug. 26, 1864; pro. to corp. May 1, 1865. Musician Charles Crasta, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Musician Peter B. Spanogle, must in Aug 19, 1864. Bai'kheimer, Jacob, must, in Aug. 20, 1864. Barkheimer, Martin, must in Aug. 26, 1864. Briney, John, must, in Aug. 31, 1864. Bare, Francis, must in Aug. 31, 1864. Burns, Alexander, must in Aug. 19, 1864. Broombaugh, Samuel, must in Aug. 26, 1864. Bowers, Michael D., mnst. in Aug. 19, 1864; wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. June 14, 1865. Bratton, Harvey A., must, in Aug. 19, 1864. Burkett, John, must, in Aug. 19, 1864. Boyles, Henry, muBt. in Aug. 20, 1864. Boyles, Andrew A., must in Aug. 20, 1864. Briney, Henry, must, in Aug. 31, 1864. Cox, Henry, must, in Aug. 20, 1864. Crum, Abram, must in Aug. 20, 1864 ; died at Washington, D. C, April 15, 1865 ; buried in National Cemetery, Arlington, Va. Davis, James, must, in Ang. 31, 1864. Dixon, John C , must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Davis, Thomas W., must in Aug. 26, 1864. Dixon, Matthew, must, in Aug. 20, 1864; disch. by G. O. June 9, 1865. Davis, Benjamin S., must, in Aug. 20, 1864. Dixon, Samuel F., must, in Aug. 20, 1864; wounded at Petersburg, Va., | April 2, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. June 2, 1865. Daughenbangh, W., must in Aug. 9, 1864. '. Davis, William, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. j Etiiniston, William, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. ; Fink, John H., muBt. in Aug. 20. 1864; wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. June 13, 1865. Fink, David A., must, in Ang. 2.0, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 26, 1865. 1 Fleck, Martin, must, in Aug. 17, 1864. Feeny, Christopher, must in Aug. 17, 1864; accidentally killed at Har risburg, Pa., Aug. 23, 1864. Ganoe, Benjamin, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Giuter, JameB, muBt in Aug. 19, 1864. Gibson, William, must, in Aug. 31, 1864 ; wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. June 13, 1865. Good, Samuel, must, iu Aug. 19, 1864. Gill, William, must, in Aug. 19, 1864. Hudson, Edward, must, in Aug. 19, 1864. Hostler, Jacob F., must in Aug. 20, 1864. Hartzell, Solomon, must, in Ang. 20, 1864. Hull, George, must in Aug. 31, 1864. Ilnllin, Thomas, must, in Aug. 31, 1864 ; tranB. to Co. H Oct 27, 1864. Kautner, J. H., Sr., must, in Aug. 20, 1864; disch. by G. O. June 15, 1865. Kantnor, J. H., Jr., must, in' Aug. 20, 1864. Kirkpatrick, William, must, in Aug. 20, 1864. Liudsey, Miller, must, in Aug. 20, 1864 ; wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. Jnne 6, 1865. Lotz, David M., must, in Aug. 22, 1864. Lochard, Joseph It., must, in Aug. 20, 1864. Lautz, Daniel, must, in Aug. 20, 1864; wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865; disch. by G. 0. June 6, 1865. Long, Daniel, must, in Aug. 19, 1864. Long, Samuel, must, in Aug. 31, 1864. Myers, Joseph, must, in Aug. 31, 1864; wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865. Moore, Joseph, must, in Aug. 20, 1864. Mouzart, Lewis, mnst. iu Aug. 20, 1864; wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865; disch. by G. O. June 20, 1865. Mayer, David, must, in Aug. 20, 1864. Miller, Henry, must, in Aug. 17, 1864. Montgomery, Al., must, in Aug. 20, 1864. Middleton, James, must, in Aug. 31,1864; wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865 ; absent at must. out. Meadville, Henry, must, in Aug. 20, 1864. McKeehan, David, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. McConnell, Frank, must iu Ang. 26, 1864; wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865. McConnell, Joseph D., must, in Sept. 2, 1864. McConnell, Jerome, must, in Aug. 31,1864; wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865; disch. by G. O. June 13, 1865. McConnell, Samuel, must, in Aug. 20, 1864. McCormick, Samuel, must, in Aug. 26, 1864; wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865; absent at must out. McCormick, John, must in Aug. 20, 1864. MeClelbind, Jacob, must in Aug, 20, 1864. McMonigal, Jacob, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. McGuire, Cornelius L., must, in Aug. 19, 1861; died Feb. 5, 1865; buried in National Cemetery, Arlington, Va. Olewine, Joseph A., must, iu Aug. 20, 1864. Patterson, Samuel, must, in Aug. 19, 1864; absent at must. out. Price, Robert, must, in Aug. 17, 1864. Peck, Reuben, must, in Aug. 29, 1864. Roberts, John II., must, in Aug. 20, 1864. Ruggles, William, must, iu Aug. 20, 1864. Rasberry, John, must, in Aug. 20, 1864. Richardson, Jonathan, must, in Aug. 22, 1864. Stumpff, Edward, must, in Aug. 22, 1864. Swanger, David, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Swanger, Christopher, must in Aug. 20, 1864. Swanger, Frederick, mu-t. in Aug. 19, 1864. Saterfleld, George B., must in Aug. 20, 1864; disch. byG.O. May 24, 1865. Slogenhop, William, must, in Aug. 17, 1864. Stover, Henry, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Sellers, James, must in Aug. 20, 1864. Walton, James, must, in Aug. 20, 1864. Willis, James, must, in Aug. 19, 1864. Weston, William, must, in Aug. 19, 1864. Watkins, John W., must, ill Aug. 19, 1864; absent at must. out. Wolf, John G , must, in Aug. 20, 1864. Company C. (This company, with the exception of those otherwise noted, was mus tered out of the service of the United States June 2, 1865.) Capt. Louis D. Spiece, must, in Aug. 31, 1864. 1st Lieut Henry A. Lower, must, in Aug, 31. 1864 ; killed at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865. 200 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 1st Lieut. David M. Butlpr, must, in Aug. HI, 1864; wounded at Peters burg, Va.. April 2, 1S65 ; pro. from 2d li<-ut. May 11, 1865. 2d Lieut. John Robertson, must, iu Aug. 27, 18G4; pro. from 1st sergt. May 11,1805. 1st Sergt. Juhn H. Stephens, must, in Aug. 27, 18G4; pro. from sergt. May 11,1805. Sergt, Reuben Bunn, must, in Aug. 27, 1864. Sergt. Oliver B. Fluke, must, in Aug. 27, 1864. Sergt. George II. Cowen, must, in Aug. 20, 18G4 ; wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865; pro. to sergt. May 11, 1865; absent, sick, at mus ter out. Sergt. Henry Naber, must, in Aug. 26, 1864; wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865; pro. from private May 11, 1865; abBent, sick, at muster out. Corp. A. S. Earlenbaugh, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Corp. Jacob R. Grimes, must, in Aug. 27, 1864. Corp. Michael Burns, must, in Aug. 27, 1*64. Corp. Henry Wlii taker, must, in Aug. 27, 1864. Corp. John J. Garber, must, m Aug. 2G, 1864. Corp. George C. Eniigh, must, in Ang. 27, 1864. Corp. Rufus E. Smith, must, in Aug. 27, 1864; pro. to corp. May 11, 1866. Corp. M. I. Haddeman, must, in Sept. 2, 18G4; pro. to corp. May 11, 1865. Musician 'John W. Young, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Bryan, George W., must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Benton, John, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Burget, Henry, must, in Aug. 27, 1864. Buskin, George \V., must, in Aug. 27, 1864. Barr, Henry, must, in Ang. 27, 1864. Bowser, Joseph M., must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Butler, John B., must, in Aug. 26, 1*64. Benton, Franklin, must, in Aug. 27, 1864. Bowser, Joab, must, in Aug. 27, 1864; died at City Point, Va., Dec. 12, 18G4. Bittle, George (\, must, in Aug. 26, 1864; wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865; died April 25, 1865; buried in National Cemetery, Arlington, Va. Cartwright, Frank J., must, in Aug. 26, 1864 ; wounded at Petersburg, Va.; disch. by G. 0. June 5, 18G5. Cowen, William L., must, in Aug. 2C, 1864. Conrad, Henry, must, in Aug. 27, 18G4. Daugherty, C. W., must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Dick, Michael P., must, in Aug. 2G, 1864. Dick, Daniel P., must, iu Aug. 26, 1864. Emigli, Christopher, must, in Aug. 27, 1864. Emigh, George, must, in Ang. 27, 1864. Feather, John, must, in Aug. 27, 18G4. Feather, Samuel, must, in Aug. 27, 1864; wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, lSi.5 ; absent, in hospital, at muster out. Feather, Henry C, must, in Aug. 27, 1864. Forsht, David, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Fairbanks, Ira, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Fluke, Samuel B., must, in Aug. 26, 1864; pro. to principal musician Sept. 2, 18G4. Garretson, Benjamin H., must, in Aug. 27, 1864 ; wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865; died at Philadelphia, Pa., May 27, 1865. Gunsman, Frederick, must, in Aug. 26, 1864; wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865. Grass, Cephas, must, in Aug. 26, 18G4. GarretBou, Frederick, must, in Aug. 27, 1864; not on muster-out roll. Ginter, John, must, in Ang. 26, 1864; not on muster-out roll. Harbaugh, John, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Hamilton, Baxter, must, iu Ang. 2G, 1864. Hayes, James \V., must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Hanely, John S., must, in Aug. 26, 1864; wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 18G5 ; disch. by G. O. June 8, 1865. Ham, David K., must, in Aug. 2G, 1864. Ham, John K., must, in Aug. 26, 18G4; wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 18G5. Horton, Jacob L., must, in Aug. 27, 1864 ; wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865 ; disch. by G. O. June 2, 1865.- Hamilton, E. K., must, in Aug. 27, 1864. Imler, Jonas C-, must, in Aug. 26, 1>01. Kauffman, John, muBt. in Aug. 26,1864. Enollen, William, must, in Aug. 27,1864. Lingenfelter, Martin, must, in Aug. 2G, 1864. Lingenfelter, G. W., must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Lynn, Levi M., must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Lamburn, Thomas, must, in Aug. 27, 1864. Moyers, George C, must, iu Aug. 26, 1864. Mnyer, Abel, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Moore, Charles, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Mobley, Ezekiel, must- in Aug. 27, 1864. Musselman, George, must, in Aug. 27, 1864. Morris, George. W. L., mnst. in Aug. 26, 1864; wounded at Petersburg Va., April 2, 1865; died at Alexandria, Va., April 15, 1865; grave 3082. Nicewonger, T., must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Otto, Henry, must, in Aug. 27, 1864; wounded at Fort Steadman, Va. March 25, 1865. Otto, Jacob W., must, in Aug. 27, 1864; wounded at Petersburg, Va. April 2, 1865 ; absent, sick, at muster out. Pates, Thomas, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Penrose, Joseph, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Priar, William A., must, in Aug. 27, 1864. Price, Daniel M., muBt. in Aug. 27, 1864; wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865. Querry, William C, must, in Aug. 27, 1864. Rorabaugh, John, must, in Aug. 27, 1864. Rhodes, George II., must, in Aug. 27, 1864. Ridenour, Jacob D., must, in Aug. 27, 1864. Swartz, George W., roust, in Aug. 26, 1864. Shiffler, Nathan B., must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Shinier, Martin J., must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Shafer, William, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Snowberger, A. M., must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Smith, Eli, must, iu Aug. 26, 18G4. Simpkins, John A., must, in Aug. 27, 1864. Snyder, Genrge, must, in Aug. 27. 1864. Shock, John, must, in Ang. 27, 1864. Snowden, Alexander S., must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Smettzer, John B., must, in Aug. 27. 1864 ; wounded at Petersburg, V April 2,1865. Stray er, John D., must, in Aug. 27, 1864. Smith, Genrge, must, in Sept. 3, 1864. Shafer, Abraham, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Simonton, Thomas W., must, in Aug. 27, 1864; died at Alexandria, Va., April 8, of wounds received at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1805; grave 30G2. Strayer, Nicholas, must, in Aug. 27, 1864; wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865 ; died May 12, 1 865 ; buried in Arlington Cemetery. Templeton, John, must, in Ang. 26, 1864. "Walter, Moses, must, in Aug. 26,1864; wounded at Petersburg, Va,, April 2, 1865; disch. by G. 0. Aug. 8, 1865. "Wagner, Juhn M., must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Weaver, Mitchell G., must, in Aug. 27, 1864. Walker, Isaac, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Walter, George, must, in Sept. 2, 1864. Womer, Aaron, must, in Aug. 30, 1864. COMPANY D. (This company was mustered out of the service of the United States June 2, 1805, except in cases otherwise noted.) Capt. Thomas B. Heed, must, iu Sept. 3, 1864. First Lieut. Jonas B. Shoultz, must, iu Sept. 3, 1864. Second Lieut. David H. Geissinger, must, in Sept. 3, 1864; wounded at Fort Steadman, Va., March 25, 1865; brevet 1st lieut. July 8,1865; disch. to date July 25, 1865. First Sergt. David Shoullz, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Sergt. Frederick S. Fou«e, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Sergt. Samuel Rager, must, in Aug. 27, 1864. Sergt. Reuben T. Baker, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Sergt. John M. Gainer, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; pro. to sergt. April 6, 1865. Sergt. "Win. S. Anderson, must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; died April 6, of wounds received at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865; buried in National Ceme tery, Alexandria, grave 3063. Corp. John W, Porter, must, iu Sept. 1, 1864. Corp. Theodore Renner, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Corp. James D. Sloan, must, iu Sept. 1, 1864. Corp. Samuel II. Grove, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Corp. Theodore T. Shirk, must, in Aug. 2, 1864. WAR OF THE REBELLION. 201 Corp. Allen S. Anderson, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; pro. to corp. April 2, 1865. Corp. Huston E. Crum, must, in Sept, 1, 1864 ; pro. to corp. April 2, 1865. Corp. Cornelius Trostle, must in Sept. 1, 1864; pro. to corp. April 2, 1865. Corp. James Hathaway, must in Sept 5, 1864 ; killed at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865. Corp. John Myers, must, in Aug. 27, 1864 ; died April 4, of wounds re ceived at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865. Musician George Crawford, must, in Aug. 27, 1864. Musician Benjamin F. Meghan,- must, in Sept. 1, 1864. AuIib, AmbroBo M., must, in Sept. 3, 1864. Baker, Alired F., must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Beaver, Samuel, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; disch. by G. 0. Aug. 9, 1865. Berkstresser, G. W., must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Brogan, Samuel, must in Sept. 1, 1864. Berry, Jeremiah, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Chaplin, Samuel, must, in Aug. 30, 1864. Decker, James, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Davis, William M., must, in Aug. 27,1864. Eckenrode, Joseph A., must in Sept. 6, 1864. Eltz, Henry, must iu Sept. 3, 1864. Faust, Daniel, must, in Aug. 31, 1864; died at Philadelphia, Pa., April 14, of wounds received at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865. Gill, Thomas II., must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Gordon, Benjamin F., must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Green, Milton M., must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Gardner, Frederick, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Grove, Henry B., must in Sept. 1, 1864; wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865; absent, in hospital, at must. out. Geissinger, David, must, in Sept 1, 1864. Garner, Jacob, must in Sept. 1, 1864. Garner, Matthew, must, in Sept. 2, 1864. Green, Franklin P., must, in Sept. 3, 1864; disch. by G. 0. July 10, 1865. Hicks, Thomas, must, iu Sept. 1, 1864. Hanoi], Joseph G., must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Huff, Henry, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Hetrick, George F., must in Sept. 1, 1864. Harker, Andrew, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Havens, John, mnst. in Aug. 23, 1864. Hagiins, John, must, in Aug. 31, 1864. Houp, Joseph, must iu Aug. 30, 1864. Hawn, Samuel, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Hawn, Albert, must in Sept. 1, 1864. i Kyler, John, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Kyler, James, must, in Sep'. 1, 1864. ( long, Jacob, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Lane, JameB, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Moyer, Daniel, mnst. in Sept. 1, 1864. Miigill, Samuel, must, in Sept 1, 1864. Morgan, William, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Megalian, John, must in Sept. 1, 1864. Miller, John, must in Aug. 27, 1864. Maguire, George, mnst iu Sept. 3, 1864. Mcllwaine, William, must, iu Sept. 1, 1864. McCall, Alexander D., must in Sept. 1, 1864. I McCall, Matthew, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. McConnell, Thomas H., must in Sept. 1, 1864. McCarty, Joseph, must. in. Aug. 30, 1864. McCafferty, James, must in Aug. 30, 1864. ( Norris, Thomas, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. { Nail, David E., must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Nelson, William, must, in Sept 2, 1864. Newman, Holliday, must, in Sept. 6, 1864. Pott, John, must in Sept. 1, 1864. Plympton, Elijah, must, in Aug. 27, 1864. Parker, David, must in Aug. 27, 1864. Randolph, James, must, in Aug. 20, 1864. Kebble, James, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Bamsey, Brice, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Reeil, William J., must iu Aug. 27, 1864. Bendy, John, must, in Sept. 3, 1864. Reber, Effinger L., must, in Sept. 2, 1864; pro. to adjt Sept. 3, 1864. Simpkius, Charles, must, in Aug. 15, 1864. Snare, Jonathan, must in Sept. 1, 1864. Snyder, Adam, must in Sept. 1, 1864. Stinson, David, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Stouffer,. Benjamin, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Sankey, Samuel, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Swope, John, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Storm, Jerome, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Steel, Samuel, must, in Aug. 20, 1864. , Snyder, John, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Sheeder, Jacob, must in Sept. 1, 1864. Sankey, William, must, ill Sept. 1, 1864. Smith, William H , must, in Aug. 30, 1864. Sharp, Fleming, must, in Aug. 20, 1864. Shinefclt, David, must, in Sept. 1, IS64. ThomaB, John W., must, iu Sept. 1, 1864. White, Andrew, must in Aug. 20, 1864. Worley, William, muBt in Aug. 30, 1864. Weight, George, must, in Sept. 2,1864. ¦Wilson, Henry, must, in Sept. 3, 1861. Yocnm, Elmer W., diust in Sept 1, 1864. C0UPANV I. (This company was mustered out of the service of the United States, except a fow of its menibei's, whose date of muster out is otherwise noted, June 2, 1865.) Capt. Ira Shipley, nniBt in Sept. 4, 1864; disch. Oct. 29, 1864. Capt. John A. McCahan, must in Sept 4, 1864; pro. from 1st lieut. Dec. 17, 1864 ; brev. maj. April 2, 1865. First Lieut Henry Hawk, must, in Sept. 2, 1864; pro. from 1st sergt. Deo. 18, 1864. Second Lieut. Henry Ehvay, miiBt. in Sept. 4, 1864. First Sergt. BobertT. McClellan, must, iu Aug. 27, 1864. Sergt Alexander W. Little, must in Sept. 1, 1864. Sergt. John S. Elway, must, iu Sept. 2, 1864. Sergt. Jacob Lott, must in Sept. 1, 1864. Sergt. Andrew A. McClure, must, iu Sept. 2, 1864; pro. from corp. March 1, 1865. Corp. George W. Boss, must in Aug. 31, 1864. Corp. Anson Laport, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Corp. Israel S. Tiastle, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865. Corp. Thomas M. Johnson, must, in Sept. 2,1864. Corp. John York, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Corp. Goorgo W. Lightner, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Corp. George F. Miller, must, in Aug. 30, 1864. Corp. Jeremiah Cochrau, must in Aug. 29, 1864; pro. to corp. March 1, 1865. Musician Franklin Noel, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Musician William V. Ganoe, must, in Aug. 27, 1864. Alwine, Francis, must in Sept. 1, 1864. Albert, Henry, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Bowei s, William A., must in Sept. 1, 1864. Bowera, William M., must in Sept. 1, 1864. Buckmnstcr, Henry, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Baird, Jacob, must in Sept. 2, 1864. Cramer Matthew, must, in Ang. 25, 1864. Crum, Moses, muBt in Aug. 29, 1864. Claubaugh, John E., must. in Sept. 7, 1864; wounded at Petersburg, Va April 2, I860; absent, sick, at muster out Colabine, William D., must in Aug. 20,1864. Constable, Philip, must, in Aug. 29, 1864; disch. by G. 0. May 26, 1865. Carl, Lemuel, must, in Sept 1, 1864. Daniels, Charles, must in Sept. 13, 1864. Ewing, Alexander, must, in Sept. 2, 1864. Felix, Daniel, must in Sept. 1, 1S64. Felix, Fraucis, must in Sept. 1, 1864. Feltenburger, Jacob, must, in Aug. 30, 1864. Fields, John, must in Aug. 22, 1862 ; trans, to Company F Sept 13, 1864. Gardner, Winfield S., must in Sept. 1, 1864. Gardner, Peter, must, in Sept. 2, 1864. Garver, Daniel, must iu Sept. 1, 1864. Hollen, Joseph G., must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Hollen, John, must, in Aug. 20, 1864; wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865; dise.h. by G. 0. June 19, 1865. Hollen, William C, must, in Aug. 30, 1864. Houck, Jesse H., must, in Sept. 6, 1864. Ilarsbbarger, William, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Hill, Oliver, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Hossler, Henry H., must, in Sept 1, 1864. 202 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Hannah, Robert F., must in Aug. 27, 1864; wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865. Harbaugh, Allen, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Howard, Andrew II., must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Hite, John, must, in Aug. 17, 1864; killed at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865 ; buried in Ninth Army Corps Cemetery, Mende Station. Harman, George, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; trans, to Co. H Oct. 26, 1864. Kyle, Hugh, must, in Sept. 2, 1864. KefTor, Francis, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Keffer, Andrew, must in Sept. 1, 1864. Kessler, Matthias, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Keely, John, must in Aug. 27, 1864. Kelly, Joseph E., must, iu Sept. 1, 1864. King, Joseph E., must in Sept 1, 1864. KefTer, Matthias, muBt in Sept. 1, 1864; killed at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865. Kelly, Matthias, must in ; not on muster-out roll. Laughlin, William, must, in Aug. 27, 1S64. Lockard, George W., must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Little, Samuel, must, iu Sept. 1, 1864. Lias, John W., must, in Aug. 27, 1864. Lenard, James, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Murphy, Edmund must. in Sept. 1, 1864. Myers, Michael, must, in Sept. 6, 1864. Myers, Benjamin F., must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Myers, George W., must, in Aug. 27, 1864 ; disch. by G. O. June 8, 1865. Myers, Amos, must, iu Sept 1, 1864 ; trans, to Co. H Oct. 26, 1864. Miller, Nathaniel, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. McDonald, James, must, in Aug. 27, 1864. McCormick, Charles, must, in Sept 2, 1864 ; trans, to Co. H Oct. 26, 1864. Noel, Addison, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Noel, Henry, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Noel, Jacob, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865; absent, in hospital, at must, out Orndorf, John A., must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Powell, Snmuel D., must in Aug. 30, 1864; died at Baltimore, Md., Feb. 9, 1865; buried in Loudon Park National Cemetery. Plunkett, William, must, in Aug. 27, 1864; trans, to Co. H Oct. 26, 1864. Rutherford, John, mnst in Sept. 1, IMH. Ross, Christian, must, in Aug. 27, 1864. Ruggles, Benj. F., must, in Aug. 19, 1864; disch. by G. 0. Jnly 12, 1865. Rhodes, Jacob, must, in Aug. 29, 1864; wounded at Fort Steadman, March 25, and at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865; absent, in hospital, at must. out. Richardson, Jonathan, must, in Aug. 22, 1864; trans, to Co. A Sept. 13, 1864. Sharp, Fleming, must, iu Aug. 29( 1864; trans, to Co. D Sept. 12, 1864. Schwerdt, David, must, in Sept. 5, 1864. Snare, Abraham, must in Aug. 27, 1864. Sortuian, Jacob, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Stephens, Shadrach G., must, in Septl, 1864. Snyder, William, must, in Sept 1, 1864. Snider, Hezekiah, must in Sept. 1, 1864. Snyder, Jesse W., must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Sipe, John A., must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Smith, Levi, must in Sept. 1, 1864. Sauto. Andrew, must, in Aug. 29, 1864. Slonaker, John, must in Sept. 1, 1864. Stewart, James, must in Sept. 1, 1864. Smith, George, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Trostle, Moses, must in Sept. 1, 1864. Trostle, Daniel, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Thompson, Samuel D., must, in Aug. 27, 1864; wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2,1865; disch. by G. 0. June 5,1865. Tates, Jacob, must in Aug. 27, 1864. Tates, Joseph, must in Aug. 27,1864. Taylor, James It, must in Sept 1, 1864; pro. to sergt.-maj. Sept. 2, 1865. Wright, John, must, in Sept. 1, 1864; not on must-out roll. Walters. John, must in Aug. 17, 1864. Warrick, John, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Wilson, David A., must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Wiutrode, William S., must in Sept. 1, 1864. Wilt, Isaac W., must, in Sept. 2, 1864. Webb, John II., must in Sept. 1, 1864. Wolf, David W., must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Williams, John R., must, in Sept. 1, 1864; wounded at Fort Steadman, Va., March 25, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. June 24, 1865. Widensall, John H., must, in Sept. 1, 1864 ; disch. by S. 0. Doc. 1 1864 Womer, Aaron, must, in Aug. 30, 1864; trans, to Co. C. Young, Charles F., must, iu Sept. 1, 1864. Two Hundred and Eighth Regiment. — One company of the Two Hundred and Eighth Regiment was composed principally of men from Blair County, This was designated as B company. The rendezvous of the regiment was at Camp Cur tin, where it was organized Sept. 12, 1864, under the following-named field-officers, viz. : Col. Alfred B, McCalmont, Lieut.-Col. M. T. Heintzelman, Maj, Alexander Bobb, of Blair County. The regiment moved (September 13th) from Harrisburg, and pro ceeded to Bermuda Hundred, on the James River where it was assigned to the brigade of Col. Potter. On the 27th of November it joined the Army of the Potomac, where it was assigned to the First Brigade, Third Division, of the Ninth Corps, the division being under command of Gen. Hartranft. During the winter the regiment was on active duty in the front, and frequently under fire. In February, 1865, it took part in an expedition to Hatcher's Kun, and returned after five days' marching, but without having participated in a general engagement. On the 25th of March the enemy assaulted the Union lines with great fury and captured Fort Stead man. The regiment was ordered forward, and made a vigorous attack, driving the enemy from a position in its front, and bravely holding the ground gained. In the general assault made to retake the works, the Two Hundred and Eighth captured Battery No. 12, with three hundred prisoners, suffering a loss of forty-two killed and wounded. From the morning of the 27th it was constantly in motion until the 2d of April, when it took part in the final assault on Petersburg. Its position was a point in front of Fort Sedgwick, where the works were carried and held against repeated attacks made by the enemy during the day. The loss of the regiment in this engage ment was forty-eight killed and wounded. At day light on the 3d it was found that the Confederates had abandoned their last defenses, and the Union troops entered Petersburg. In the pursuit of the re treating enemy, the regiment moved with its division to Nottoway Court-House, arriving there on the 9th, in the evening of which day the news was received of Lee's surrender. It remained there until April 20th, when it moved to the rear, passing through Peters burg to City Point, whence it proceeded by transports to Alexandria, near which place it remained in camp till the 1st of June, when the recruits were trans ferred to the Fifty-first Regiment, and the Two Hun dred and Eighth was mustered out of service. The officers and men from Blair County were as follows: Company B. (This company, with the exception of a few of its members otherirlM noted, was mustered out of the service of the United States June 1,1865.) Capt James S. Similar, must, iu Aug. 18, 1864 ; pro. from private Sept. 8, 1864. 1st Lieut. Calvin C. Hewitt, must, in Aug. 18, 1864; pro. from private Sept 8, 1864. WAR OF THE REBELLION. 203 2d Lieut. William B.Blake, must, in Aug. 18, 1864; pro. from private Sept. 8, 1864. 1st Sergt. Miles C. Huyett, must in Aug. 26, 1864. Sergt. James Houck, must in Aug. 29, 1864. Sergt Robert Feay, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Sergt. Josepli H. Long, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Sergt. George M. Metz, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Corp. Thomas L. Houck, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Corp. William T. Brnnell, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Corp. Samuel Bnterbaugh, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Corp. Samuel H. Brnbaker, must, in Sept 1, 1864. Corp. Thomas L.Enyeart, must, in Aug. 26,1864; wounded at Peters burg, Va., April 2, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. June 5, 1805. Corp. Enoch Piper, must, in Aug. 26, 1804. Corp. William G. Butts, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Corp. Daniel StiUel, must in Sept. 1, 1864. Musician J. A. B. McKamey, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Musician Thomas N. Brnnell, must, in Aug. 31, 1864. Llexander, John S., must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Llexander, W. H , must, in Aug. 26, 1864. loyles, John, must in Aug. 26, 1864. Hake, James, must in Aug. 26, 1864 ; disch. by G. 0. May 19, 1866. lookhamuier, W. G., must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Srautner, James, must iu Aug. 26, 1864. Briney, Michael, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Bertram, Peter A., must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Shipper, Daniel, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Carles, Henry V., must in Aug. 26, 1864. Conaghan, Cyrus, must in Sept. 3, 1864. Ditch, John, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Decker, Isaac J., must, in Aug. 26, 1864; wounded at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865. Daughenbangh, E., mnst in Aug. 26, 1864. Deck, Frederick, must in Sept. 1, 1864. Eckard, Winfleld S., must in Ang. 26. 1864. Edmixton, Lewis, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Everheart, William, must in Aug. 26, 1864. Estright, Henry, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Fouse, William D., must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Fonse, Henry G., must, in Aug. 26, 1864; wounded at Fort Steadman, Va., March 25, 1865. Fleigle, William W., must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Fox, Watson R., must, in Aug. 26,1864 ; killed at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865. Ginter, John E., muBt. in Sept. 3, 1864. Hershel, Anthony, must, in Sept. 4, 1864. Hetrick, Michael, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Hainley, John D., must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Hershel, Lemuel, must, in Aug. 26, 1864; killed at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865. Kutchell, George W., must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Kyle, William F., must, in Ang. 26, 1864. Kyle, Silas, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Eeyes, John M., must, in Aug. 26, 1861. Kennedy, Johnston, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Kiter, Jacob, must, in Ang. 26, 1864. Lang, Benjamin F., must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Long, Elijah, must, in Sept. 3, 1864. Moyer, Martin, must in Aug. 26, 1864. Megahaii, William B., must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Miller, Hezekiah, mnst. in Aug. 26, 1864. Myers, George W., must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Merretts, John, must in Sept. 3, 1864. ' Morgan, Zaohariah T., must, in Sept. 8, 1864. Miller, Henry T., must, in Aug. 26, 1864 ; died Jan. 1, 1865 ; buried in National Cemetery, City Point, Va., section C, division 3, grave 78. , Nash, Benjamin, must, in Aug 26,1864. ' Negley, John C, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. I Nupper, Charles, must, in Aug. 26, 1864 ; wounded at Fort Steadman, I Va., March 25, 1865. Pugll, Henry, must in Sept. 9, 1864. Richards, John, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. I Riley, Thomas, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. i Riley, James K., must, in Aug. 26, 1864 ; wounded at Petersburg, Va., I1 April 2, 1865. Royer.Martin, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. i Rosenberger, Matthias, must, in Sept. 1, 1864. Schollenberger, G., must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Sleiahter, Levi, must, in Sept. 1,1864. Snyder, Isaac, muBt. in Sept. 3, 1 864. Snlveley, Daniel, must in Aug. 26, 1864. Shively, Samuel L.,niust. in Aug. 26, 1864. Slonnker, Lemuel A., must, in Aug. 26, 1861. Smith, Andrew J., must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Schwedner, Frederick, must, in Sept. 3, 1864. Sharer, Christian, must, in Sept. 3, 1864. Shaffer, Samuel B., must in Aug. 26, 1864. Slaves, Isaac W., must in Aug. 26, 1864 ; killed at Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865. Trees, Francis, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Tetwiler, William, must, iu Aug. 26, 1864. Troxell, James, must iu Aug. 26, 1864 ; died March 2, 1865. Wentling, Jacob R„ must, in Sept. 1, 1864. White, Lysander M., must in Aug. 26, 1864. Withers, Henry, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Wagner, Joseph, must, in Aug. 26, 1864. Wcysel, John, must, in Aug. 26,1864; wounded at Petersburg, Va , April 2,1865; disch. by G. 0. June 24,1865. Whitesel, James, must in Sept. 7, 1864. Yolin, Henry, must, in Sept. 0, 1864; wounded at Petersburg, Va. , April 2, 1865 ; disch. by G. 0. June 24, 1865. Huntingdon and Blair Men in other Regiments. — Besides the regiments whose formation and ser vices have been sketched in preceding pages, there were many others, serving with equally honorable records in the war of the Rebellion, which contained men and officers from Huntingdon and Blair Coun ties, though less numerous than they were found in the organizations already mentioned. Among the many such regiments may be mentioned the follow ing, viz. : Second Reserve Regiment, in which were a considerable number of men from Huntingdon County, principally in Company F. Eighth Reserve, Company F raised partly in Huntingdon County; Capt. John Eichelberger and First Lieut. Lewis B. Waltz were of this company. First Artillery, Battery D, Capt. Ed. Flood, raised partly in Blair County. Fifty-fifth Regiment, Co. I, Capt. David W. Madara, was raised partly in Blair. Fifty-sixth Regiment contained soldiers from Huntingdon; among them Lieut. J. T. Hutchinson. Seventy-eighth Regiment, Company K (new company: Captain, John Brewster; First Lieutenant, David G. Enyeart; Second Lieu tenant, M. H. Sangree) was from Huntingdon County. One Hundred and Fourteenth Regiment, Companies C and D contained men from Huntingdon County. One Hundred and Fifty-second Regiment, Company E, Capt. E. H. Miles, and Company F, First Lieut. John N. Blake, both contained Huntingdon County men. One Hundred and Eighty-first Regiment (Twentieth Cavalry), Company M (six months), Capt. William W. Wallace, Company E (three years), Capt. Samuel Montgomery, and Company B (three years), First Lieut. William L. Spanogle, all con tained a considerable number of Huntingdon County men. One Hundred and Ninetieth Regiment, Com pany D, Lieut. Frank D. Stevens, men from Hun tingdon County. One Hundred and Ninety-first Regiment contained men from both Huntingdon and Blair. One Hundred and Ninety-fifth Regiment con tained men from Blair. The Fourteenth United 204 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. States Infantry, of which Maj. William Williams, of Blair County, was one of the field-officers, contained in its ranks a considerable number of men from that county. Soldiers from Blair and Huntingdon also served in several of the Pennsylvania batteries. And many men from both counties went to the field with the militia of 1862, and with the emergency troops of 1863, under the calls for forces to repel the Confeder ate invasions of those years. Third Regiment Emergency Men. — This regi ment was called into service ' Sept. 11-13, 1862, to assist in repelling the threatened invasion of the State at that time, and discharged Sept. 23-25, 1862. In this regiment were many of the most prominent men of the State, together with two companies, F and G, from Huntingdon and Blair Counties : Field and Staff. — Colonel, William DorriR, Jr. ; Lieutenant-Colonel, Wil- lium C Lawson; Major, William Frick; Adjutant, Robert P.Allen; Quartermaster, Charles A. Lane; Surgeun, Frank A. Bushey ; As sistant Surgeons, E. W. Waltons, Jacob S. Bender; Chaplain, Justin R.Loomis; Sergeant-Major, John B. Linn: Quartermaster-Sergeant, Jacob Stambaugh; Commissary -Sergeant, William B. Holmes; Hos pital Steward, W. Cook Caldwell; Principal Musicians, William Cooper, D. J. Wharton. Company F. — Captain, George W. Garrettson ; First Lieutenant, William Lewis; Second Lieutenant, Abram A.Jacobs; First Sergeant, Roger C. McQill; Sergeants, George Jackson, James A. Brown, William Africa, Abram V. Westbrook; Corporals, William Williams, Living ston Robb, I'eter C. Swoope, Samuel G. Whittaker, Christian Long, Henry McManigill, David Grove, Robert Martin ; Musician, Charles Bivins ; Privates, David Blair, Samuel 1. Brown, Washington Bu chanan, James Buchanan, James Brouington, George Bradley, John M. Bailey, William Bolen, Joseph R. Carmon, John Chilcott, Au gustus L. Ohestnutwood, Andrew Clark, Theodore H. Cremer, Wil liam C. Cunningham, William C. Clement. James Fiudley, Abram Fay, Benjamin Grafflus, Henry Glazier, John L. Gleim, David P. Gwin, Samuel Hatfield, William Hatfield, Joseph Hanigar, Adam Hoffman, John Heftier, Orlady Heffner, David Huupt, John Hatfield, Thomas King, Uriah B. Lewis, P. Marion Lytle, John Low, Isaac Long, John Myers, Juhn A. Miller, John G. Miles, John McCracken, Daniel Newiughani, William A. Orbison, John P. Orr, George W. Patterson, James Post John Roland, Jr., David Roland, David Reed William K. Riibm, R. Milton Speer, Michael Snyder, John Skees, John Straighthuof, Henry Snare, Samuel Steel, William Stapleton. John Scott, Henry Stouffer, James L. Thomas, John Vandevander, William S. White, Robert Woods. Company G — Captain, Joseph Johnston; First Lieutenant, James Long; Second Lieutenant, Benjamin M.Elliott; First Sergeant, William H. De Armitt ; Sergeants, James R. McCauley, William W. Strieker, John Hagans, Josepli Houp; Corporals, Smith D. Elliott, John S. Wright, Isaac N. Stevens, George M. Cresswell, John Yocnin, Jo seph McCarty, William Quinn, Jr., Benjamin L. Neff; Musicians, Will am Cooper (pro. to principal musician), D. S. Bryan; Privates, Timothy Barnacle, William Benton, Matthew E. Cresswell, S imuel Conrad, L. J. Onrley, Thomas L. Chilcotto, Nicholas Conroy, Wil liam Chesney, William Conrad, William P. Davis, Henry Davis, Jr., James H. Davis, Samuel D. Davis, John G. Decker, Paul H Dil- linger. John T. Dopp, John Forbes, James Gilland, Wesley Gregory William Gilland, Matthew Gilland, Elias Hewitt, Henry Heffriglit, Samuel Hummus, Jnlin Hagen, David H. Harvey, Solomon Hamer, John D. Johnston, Thomas J. Jackson, Thomas Johnston, David Kuhn, William Lewis, Jacob Long, John Myton, Kennedy J. Myton Albert Manet, Samuel II. Myton, John A. Myers, M. F. McCartney James McCnfl'erty, Juhn Nelson, Jr., Rudolph Neff, Jacub lloush, Theodore Rentier, Thomas Rogers, George Reeder, William A. Stevens, J. H. Smith, Jacob Shuder, Samuel Steele, Abraham Ste vens, Asbeny Thompson, George Wall, Jonathan Wall, Edward C. Wilson, James Wilson, Henry Wilson, James Whitesell, Juseph L. Wilson, George Worley, Henry S. Wood, Miles Yocum, Emanuel Zeek. CHAPTER XXIX. REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS AND THE STATE LEGISLATURE. Congress. — In 1788, Frederick Augustus Muhlen berg, Henry Wyncoop, Thomas Hartley, George Cly mer, Thomas Fitzsimmons, Thomas Scott, Peter Muh lenberg, and Daniel Heister were elected for the commonwealth on a general ticket. An act passed March 16, 1791, divided the State into eight districts. The Sixth District was composed of the counties of Northumberland, Bedford, Frank lin, Huntingdon, and Mifflin. The first election, was held on the second Tuesday of October following; when Andrew Gregg was chosen to serve until March 4, 1793. An act approved April 7, 1792, provided that at the following October election representatives should be chosen by general ticket. The act of April 22, 1794, divided the State into twelve districts. The Tenth District was composed of the counties of Bed: ford, Franklin, and Huntingdon. The names of the gentlemen elected in this district were not obtained. In April, 1802, a redistricting for eleven members was made, when Dauphin, Cumberland, Mifflin, and Huntingdon were united and formed the Fourth Dis trict, entitled to two members. Thereafter members were chosen as follows : Fourth District. Dauphin, Cumberland, Mifflin, and Huntingdon. 1802. David Bard, of Huntingdon. 1801-10. David Bard, of Huntingdon; Robert Whitehill, of Cumber- ' land. 1812. Ninth District. Mifflin, Huntingdon, Centre, Clearfield, and McKem. 1812. David Bard, of Huntingdon. 1814. Thomas Burnside, of Centre. 1816-18. William P. Maclay, of Mifflin. 1820. John Brown. 1822. Twelfth District. Huntingdon, Mifflin, Centre, and Clearfield. 1822. John Brown. 1824-26. John Mitchell, of Centre. 1828. John Scott, of Huntingdon. 1830. Robert Allison, of Huntingdon. 1832. Fourteenth District. Huntingdon, Mifflin, Centre (and Clinton i» 1839). 1832-34. Joseph Henderson, of Mifflin. 1836-38. William W. Potter,! 0f Centre. 1839. George McCulloch. 1840-42. James Irvin, of Centre. 1843. Seventeenth District. Centre, Huntingdon, Juniata, ani Mifflin. 1844-46. John Blanchard, of Centre. 1848. Samuel Calvin, of Blair. 1850. Andrew Parker, of Juniata. 1852. Eighteenth District. Somerset, Cambria, Blair, and Huntingdon. 1852. John McCulloch, of Huntingdon. 1854-56. John R. Edio, of Somerset. 1858-60. Samuel S. Blair, of Blair. 1862. Seventeenth District. Cambria, Blair, Huntingdon, md Mifflin. 1862. Archibald McAllister, or Blair. 1864. Abraham A. Barker, of Cambria. 1866-68. Daniel J. Morrell, of Cambria. 1870-72. R. Milton Speer, of Huntingdon. 1 Died Oct. 28, 1S39, and at a special election held November 20th fol lowing, George McCulloch was chosen to fill the vacancy. REPRESENTATIVES IN THE STATE LEGISLATURE. 205 1873. EiglUeenth District. Franklin, Fulton, Juniata, Huntingdon, Snyder, and Perry. 1874-76. William S. Stenger, of Franklin. 1878-80. Horatio G, Fisher, of Huntingdon. 1882. Louis M. Atkinson, of Juniata. Representatives in the State Legislature.— Senate. — The Constitution of 1790 provided that the first Senate should consist of eighteen members, to be chosen for four years. Northumberland, Luzerne, and Huntingdon formed one district. Elections were held in the several districts to which Huntingdon was attached as follows : Northumberland, Luzerne, and Huntingdon. 1790. William Montgomery, of Northumberland (elected to Congress). 1793. William Hepburn, of Northumberland (to fill vacancy). Apportionment of 1794.1 Huntingdon and Bedford. 1794. John Canan, of Huntingdon. 1797. Richard Smith, of Huntingdon. Apportionment of 1801. Bedford, Huntingdon, and Somerset. 1801. John Piper, of Bedford. , 1805. Henry Wei tz, Jr. 1807. Jacob Blocker. Apportionment of 1808. Huntingdon and Mifflin. l 1808. Ezra Doty, of Mifflin". 1812. William Beale, of Mifflin. ,. Apportionment of 1815. Huntingdon and Mifflin. 1816. Alexander Dysart, of Huntingdon. 1820. Michael Wallace, of Huntingdon. Apportionment of 1822. Huntingdon and Mifflin. , 1822. William R. Smith, of Huntingdon. 1824. Christian Garber, of Huntingdon. 1828. Thomas Jackson, of Huntingdon. Apportionment of 1829. Huntingdon, Mifflin, and Cambria. 1832. George McCulloch. Apportionment o/1836. Huntingdon, Mifflin, Juniata, Perry, and Dhion. 1836. David R. Porter, of Huntingdon .2 s1 1838. Robert P. Maclay ; James M. Bell, of Huntingdon. 1840. James Mathers. 1842. Henry C. Eyer. Apportionment of 1843. Huntingdon and Bedford. 1844. John Morrison, of Huntingdon. *' 1847. Alexander King, of Bedford. Apportionment of 1850. Huntingdon, Blair, and Cambria. 1850. R. A. McMultrie, of Blair. 1853. John Cresswell, Jr., of Blair. 1856. John Cresswell, Jr., of Blair. *' Apportionment of 1857. Huntingdon, Bedford, and Somerset. 1857. William P. Schell, of Bedford. I860. Samuel S. Wharton, of Huntingdon.8 . 1862. Alexander Stutzman, of Somerset. 1863. George W. Householder, of Bedford. 1 The act of April 22, 1794, directed that the Senate should consist of twenty-four senators, and tho nouso of Representatives of seventy-eight members. Huntingdon and Bedford constituted a senatorial district, and Huntingdon was allotted one member of the HuiiBe. At the next septennial period, 1801, the number of senators was fixed at twenty-five and representatives at eighty-six. Bedford, Huntingdon, and Somerset were made a senatorial district, and.Huntingdon given two members of the House. 'Nominated for Governor in 1838, and resigned senatorship. ¦ Died, and Alexander Stutzman elected to fill unexpired term. Apportionment of 1864. Huntingdon, Blair, Centre, Mifflin, Juniata, and Perry. (Two senators.) 1864. L. W. Hall, of Blair; Kirk Haines, of Perry. 1867. J. K. Kobinsnn ; C. J. Mclntyro, of Perry. 1870. R. Bruce Petrikin, of Huntingdon ; David M. Crawford, of Ju niata.Apportionment of 1871. Huntingdon, Centre, Juniata, and Mifflin. 1873. Joseph S. Waream. Apportionment of 1874. Huntingdon and Franklin. (Under Constitution of 1873 the length of term was restored to four years.) 1874. Chambers McKibbin, of Franklin, for two years. 1876. Horatio G. Fisher, of Huntingdon. 1880. John Stewart, of Franklin. House. — The members elected from Huntingdon County since its formation, or from the districts of which it formed a part, were as follows : Huntingdon alone. 1787-88. Hugh Davidson. 1789-90. David Stewart 1791-93. John Canan. 1794-95. David McMurtrie. 1796-97. Samuel Marshall. 1798-99. John Blair. 1800. James Kerr. 1801. James Kerr. John Blair. 1802. William Steel. John Blair. 1803. Richard Smith. Lewis Mytinger. 1804-6. Arthur Moore. James McCune. 1807-8. Arthur Moore. Alexander Dysart. 1809-11. Alexander Dysart. William McAlevy. 1812. Alexander Dysart R. James Law, 1813-14. R. James Law. John Crum. 1815. Alexander Dysart. Conrad Bucher. 1816-17. Conrad Bucher. Christian Garber. 1818. Robert Young. J. D. Aurandt. 1819-20. John Scott. David R. Porter. 1821. John Scott. John Royer. 1822. John Ashman. David R. Porter. 1823. Henry Shippen. Peter CaSBiily. 1824. Henry Shippen. John Ashman. 1825. Matthew Wilson. Joseph Adams. 1826-27. Matthew Wilson. John Blair. 1828. John Blair. John Owens. 1829. Juhn Blair. Henry Beaver. 1830. John Blair. John Williamson. 1831. John Purter. Henry Beaver. 1832. Samuel Royer. James Clarke. 1833-34. James Clarke. Thomas T. Cromwell. 1835. Henry L. McCounell. George Hudson. 1836. Jeremiah Cunningham. James Crawford. 1837-38. Jeremiah Cunningham. John Morrison. 1839. John Morrison. Josepli Higgens. 1840. J. George Miles. Joseph HiggeilB. 1841. Jesse Moore. Thomas Weston. 1842-43. Jonathan McWilliams. Brice Blair. 1844. Henry Brewster. K. A. McMurtrie. 1845. H. L. Patterson. Alexander Gwin. 184GM7. David Blair. 1848-49. Augustus K. Cornyn. 1850-51.6 William B. Smith. Seth R. McCune. 1852. Samuel S. Wharton. James L. Gwin. 1853. James Maguire. James L. Gwin. 1854. George Leas. George W. Smith. 1855-56. Juhn II. Wintrode. John M. Gibboney. 1857.8 Daniel Houtz. 1858. R. B. Wigton. 1859. J. Simpson Africa. 1860. Brice X. Blair. 1861. John Scott. 1862. Adin W. Benedict. 186:1. David Etnier. 1864.' John N. Swuope. John Balsbach. * Blair County erected and representation of Huntingdon reduced. 6 Huntingdon and Blair united under apportionment of 1850 into one district. s Huntingdon alone. 7 Under apportionment of 1864, Huntingdon, Mifflin, and Juniata constituted a district for the election of two members. 206 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 1865. Ephraim Baker. 1873. W. K. Burchinell. James M. Brown. 1874. ! William P. McNite 1866. Henry S. Wharton. H. li. Mateer. James M. Brown. 1876. Alexander Port. 1867. Henry S. Wharton. P. P. DeweeB. John S. Miller. 1878 Benjamin R. Foust. 1868. Samuel T. Brown. M. P. Doyle. Amos II. Martin. 1880. Alexander Port 1869-70. H. J. McAteer. Henry C Marshall. A brab am Rohrer. 1882 Thomas H. Adams. 1871-72.1 Franklin U. Lane. Thomas W. Myton. CHAPTER XXX. JUDICIAL OFFICERS. PRESIDENT JUDGES. Robert Galbraith, commissioned Nov. 23, 1787. Thomas Smith, commissioned Aug. 20, 1791. James Riddle, first presided August session, 1794. Thomas Cooper, first presided November session, 1804. Jonathan Walker, commissioned March 1, 1806. Charles Huston, first presided August session, 1818. Thomas Burnside, first presided August session, 1826. Georgo W. Woodward, commissioned April 9, 1841. Abraham S. Wilson, commissioned March 30, 1842. George Taylor, commissioned April 6, 1849, elected October, 1851, Octo ber, 1861. John Dean, elected October, 1871, November, 1881. JUSTICES OF THE COMMON PLEAS. Lazarus B. McLene, commissioned Sept. 25, 1787. Andrew Henderson, commissioned Sept. 25, 1787. Isaac Thompson, commissioned May 5, 1790. The act of April 13, 1791, divided the State into five Common Pleas districts, and provided for the ap pointment in each district of "a person of knowledge and integrity skilled in the laws" to be president and judge of the Courts of Common Pleas, and of a num ber of other persons, not fewer than three nor more than four, to be commissioned in each county as judges of the Courts of Common Pleas. Cumberland, Franklin, Bedford, Huntingdon, and Mifflin Counties constituted the Fourth District, for which Thomas Smith was appointed and commissioned president judge in August following. Under the act mentioned there were appointed, — ASSOCIATE JUDGES. David Stewart, commissioned Aug. 17, 1701. John Canan, cummissioned Aug. 17, 1791. Robert Galbraith (3d), commissioned Aug. 17, 1791. Benjamin Elliutt (4th), commissioned Aug. 17, 1791. Hugh Davidsun (2d), commissioned Nov. 4, 1791. William Steel, commissioned Apiil 2, 1804. Joseph McCune, commisioned Dec. 1,1810. Joseph Adams, commissioned July 10, 1826. John Ker, commissioned Dec. 25, 1838. James Gwin, commissioned Feb. 25, 1843. John Stewart, commissioned March 23, 1846. Jonathan McWilliams, commissioned April 4, 1851. Under the Constitution, as amended in 1850, the office was made elective, and the term fixed at five years. Those elected were as follows : 1 Huntingdon alone. 2 Huntingdon was aBBigned two members under the Constitution of 1873. 1851. Jonathan McWilliams. Thomas F. Stewart. 1856. Benjamin F. Patton. John Brewster. 1859. John Long.s 1860. William B. Leas. 1861. Benjamin F. Patton. 1865. Anthony J. Beaver. 1866. David Clarkson. 1870. Anthony J. Beaver. 1871. David Clarkson. 1875. Adam Hester. 187.6. Graffus Miller. 1880. John Laporte. 1881. Georgo W. Johnston. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. The following list contains the names of the jus tices appointed from the organization of the county to 1793 : Thomas Duncan Smith, for the town of Huntingdon, commissioned Nor 23,1787. John Williams, for the township of Huntingdon, commissioned Nov.23 1787. Thomas McCune, for the township of Tyrone, commissioned Nov. 23 1787. William Phillips, for the township of Woodberry, commissioned Nov. 23 1787. Hugh Davidson, for the township of Dublin, commissioned Sept. 1,1791,' George Ashman, for the township of Shirley, commissioned Sept. 1,1791. Robert Riddle, for the township of Barree, commissioned Sept. 1, 1791. William Phillips, for the township of Woodberry, commissioned Sept. 1, 1791. Thomas Wilson, for the township of Hopewell, commissioned Sept. 1 1791. John Holliday, for the township of Frankstown, commissioned Sept 1, 1791. John Williams, for the township of Huntingdon, commissioned Sept. 1, 1791. Abraham Robinson, for the township of Frankstown, commissioned Sept, 1, 1791. Andrew Porter, for the township of Franklin, commissioned Sept 1, 1791. Samuel Kyle, for the township of Tyrone, commissioned Sept 1, 1791. John Patton, for the town of Huntiugdon, commissioned Sept 1, 1791. James Sommerville, for the township of Shirley, commissioned Sept 1, 1791. Isaac Thompson, for the township of Dublin, commissioned Jan. 3, 1792. Thomas Morrow, for the township of Dublin, commissioned June 13, 1792. Alexander McConnell, for the town of Huntingdon, commissioned April 11, 1793. Abraham Wright, for the township of Springfield, commissioned Jnne 7, 1793. Benjamin Davidson, for the township of Franklin, commissioned Jnne 7, 1793. By a law passed Feb. 5, 1777, the freeholders of each township were authorized to elect two, and of each unincorporated county town six persons for jus tices of the peace. From the names of the persons so chosen one-half were commissioned. CHAPTER XXXI. COUNTY OFFICERS. 1787. Benjamin Elliott. 1788. John Patton. 1792. John Galbraith. 1795. John Patton. 1798. James McMurtrie. 1801. John Patton. 1804. John Miller. 18u6. John Patton. SHERIFFS. 1809. Patrick Gwin. 1812. John Patton. 1815. Patrick Gwin. 1818. John Patton. 1821. Patrick Gwin. 1824. William Speer. 1827. William Simpson. 1830. Thomas Johnston. 3 Appointed to fill vacancy caused by the death of John BreWBler, Dec. 5th. ' COUNTY OFFICERS. 207 1833. James Henderson. 1866. Graffus Miller. 1817. Peter Cassidy. 1850. Benjamin LenB. 1836. Thomas Lloyd.1 1859. John O. Watson. 1818. Samuel Gooshorn. 1851. Robert Stitt, two years. 1837. Joseph Higgins.* 1862. George W., Johnston. 1819. James Simpson. Eliel Smith, three years. 1838. Joseph Shannon. 1865. James. F. Bathurst. 1820. William Reed. 1852. Samuel Wigton. 1S41, John Shaver. 1868. D. R. P. Neely. 1821. John Stowart. 1863. Thomas Hamer. 1844. John Armitage. 1871. Anion W. Houck. 1822. John Cresswell. 1854. Benjamin K. Neff. 1847. Matthew Crownovor. 1874. Thomas K. Henderson. 1823. Juhn McMullen. 1855. Jacob Baker. 1850. William B. Zeigler. 1877. Samuel H. Irvin. 1824. William Simpson. 1850. H. L. McCarthy. 1853. Joshua Greenland. 1380. William J. Geissinger. 1826. Conrad Bucher. 1867. George W. Mattern. 1826. Henry Beaver. 1858. John Flenner. PROTHONOTARIES. 1827. James Steel. 1869. M. F. Campbell. Lazarus B. MoLene, commissioned Sept. 25, 1787. 1828. George Ashman. 1860. John Cummins. Andrew Henderson, commissioned Dec. 13, 1788. 1829. John Stewart. 1861. John S. Isett. William Steel, commissioned Feb. 28, 1809. 1830. Jacob Huffman. 1862. P. M. Bare. John A. Henderson, commissioned Feb. 9, 1821. 1831. Samuel Smith. 1863. John Householder. David R. Porter, commissioned Deo. 19, 1823. 1832. John Lutz. 1864. Jacub Miller. Robert Campbell, commissioned Jan. 2, 1836. 1833. Robert Lytle. 1865. Adam Warfel. James Steel, commissioned Jan. 7, 1839. 1834 John Stewart. 1866 Adam Fouse. John Cresswell, commissioned Jan. 1839. 1835. Peter Hewit. 1867. Samuel Cummins. ! James Steel, elected October, 1839, October, 1842, October, 1845. 1836 John Stever. 1868. Simeon Wright. Theodore H. Cremer, elected October, 1848, October, 1851. 1837. Peter Swoope. 1869. George Jackson. '" Matthew F. Campbell, elected October, 1854. 1838 James Moore. 1870 A. B. Miller. David Caldwell, elected October, 1857. 1839 Joshua Roller. 1871 Jonathan Evans. ' William C. Wagoner, elected October, 1860, October, 1863. 1840 Kenzie L. Greene. 1872 David Hare. f J. Randolph Simpson, elected October, 1866. 1841 Robert Moore. 1873. N. K. Covert. 6 M. M. McNeil, elected October, 1869. 1842 Alexander Knox. 1874 W. J. Ammerman. 'Thomas W. Myton, elected October, 1872. 1843 John F. Miller, for one year. 1875 Andrew G. Neff. Lewis M. Stewart, elected November, 1875. Mordecai Chilcote. David B. Weaver. * W. McKnight Williamson, appointed Nov. 22, 1877; 3 elected November, 1844 John F. Miller. A. Wesley Wright. 1678, November, 1881. 1845 William Bell. 1878 James Smith. ¦ REGISTERS, RECORDERS, AND CLERKS OF ORPHANS' 1846 Daniel Teagtie, two years. W. H. Benson. B COURTS. Robt. Cummins, three years. Benjamin Isenberg. 1847 Joshua Greenland. 1881 Henry Davis. Andrew Henderson, commissioned Sept. 29, 1787. 1848 William Hutchison. Nicholas Isenberg. ¦William Steel, commissioned Feb. 28, 1809. 1849 Isaac Peightal. Samuel P. Smith. Richard Smith, commissioned Feb. 9, 1821. ¦William Ker, commissioned Jan. 1 1824. COUNTY TREASURERS. David R. Porter, commissioned Feb. 16, 1827. John Reed, commissioned Jau. 2, 1836. ^Thomas P. Campbell, commissioned Jau. 2, 1839. aJohn Reed, elected October, 1839, October, 1842. Jacob Miller, elected October, 1845. ^Matthew F. Campbell, elected October, 1848, October, 1851. ^Henry Glazier, elected October, 1854, October, 1857. j^Daniel W. Womelsdorf, elected October, 1860, October, 1863. John E. Smucker, elected October, 1866, October, 1869. William E. Lightner, elected October, 1872, November, 1875. Irvin D. Kuntzelman, elected November, 1878, November, 1881. ,s» COUNTY COMMISSIONERS. The first election for county commissioners occurred Hn 1787, when three commissioners were chosen, one «"of whom was to serve for three years, one for two #years, and one for one year, and one each year there- rafter, to serve for three years, unless in case of i vacancv. 1787. David Stewart. 1801. Joseph Patton. John Dean. 1802. Thomas Wilson. James Summerville. 1803. William Wilson. 1788. Patrick Cassidy. 1804. John Crawford. [ 1789. Robert Riddle. 1805. Joseph Patton. 1790. John Cadwallader. 1806. John Robison. 1791. John Blair. 1807. John Huyett. 1792. Patrick Galbraith. 1808. David Lloyd. L793. John Shaver. 1809. R. James Law. 1794. James Kerr. 1810. Robert Provines. 1785. Thomas Morrow. 1811. John Sharrer. 1796. William Steel. 1812. William SimpBon. 1797. Hugh Morrison. 1813. Maxwell Kinkead. 1798. John Steel. 1814. John Morrison. 1799. John Cadwallader. 1815. Matthew Wilson. ,1800. Benjamin Elliott. 1816 Philip Roller. Formerly county treasurers were appointed by the county commissioners, and May 27, 1841, the law was changed, making it an elective office. In 1787, David McMurtrie appears upon the treasurer's bond as having been appointed, and in 1788 and 1789, Benjamin Elliott's name appears, also in 1799, and no name for the intervening years between 1789 and 1799, there fore it is supposed he held the office continuously from 1788 to 1799. There is also lacking the documentary evidence of who the incumbent of the office was for the years 1802, 1804, 1805, and 1828. 1800-3. John Johnston. 1847. Isaac Neff. 1806-8. Robert Allison. 1849. Juhn A. Doyle. 1809-11, 1815-17, Thomas Ker. 1851. John Marks. 1812. John Huyett. 1853. Joseph M. Stevens. 1813-14, 1818-20, Samuel Steel. 1855. A. B. Crewitt.5 1821-23,1829-31. Isaac Dorland. 1859. H. T. White. 1824-25. John Miller. 1861. J. A. Nash. 1826-27. Walter Clarke. 1863. David Black. 1833-34. Jacob Miller. 1865. Thomas W. Myton. 1835-37. Thomas Fisher. 1867. M. M. Logan. 1838. David Snare. 1869 Samuel J. Cloyd. David Blair. 1871. A. W. Kenyon, 1838-40. David Blair. 1873. T. W. Montgomery." 1841. Andrew H. Hirst* 1875. G. Ashman Miller. 1843. George Taylor. 1878 A. P. McEhvaine. 1845. Joseph Law. 1881 Harris Richardson. ' ] Died Oct. 30, 1837. 2 Appointed by the Governor. ^ *To fill vacancy occurring by the death of Lewis M. Stewart. 4 Mr. Hirst was the last appointed, and the first elected under the new law, which election took place in October, 1841, for a term of two years under the then existing law, 6 He died in office, when, April 14, 1857, F. H. Lane was appointed to fill the vacancy, and in 1857 was elected for the full term, e Prior to the election of 1875 the State Constitution had been changed, and the terra of treasurer extended to three years, to which office G. Ashman Miller was elected. 208 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. DEPUTY SURVEYORS. John Armstrong, commissioned 8th October, 1750, for Cumberland County. Richard Tea was commissioned 20th September, 1764, for that part of the county of Cumbeiland "which is bounded to the westward by the Allegheny Hills, to the suuthward by the Province of Mary land, and to the eastward and northward by the yellow lines as marked and set off in the aunexed map."1 Bond, £200 province money. William Maclny, commissioned 24th September, 1704, for " that part of the said county of Cumberland bounded to the eastward by the river Susquehanna, to the southward by the liver Juniata and Tuscarora Mountain, to tho westward by the district iu the said county allotted to Richard Tea, surveyor, and to the northward by a line to be drawn from John Penu's Creek to the Allegheny Moun tain, according to the late purcliaso made by the said proprietaries of the Indians." Bond, £200. Adam Huops, surety. Thomas Smith, commissioned 29th March, 1771, "to be surveyor of the western part of the county of Cumberland and part of the county of Bedford, formerly the district of Richard Tea." Bond, £500. Bondsmen, William Smith, D.D., and David Franks. George Woods, commissioned 25th May, 1782, fur the whole county of Bedford. Recommissioncd 10th November, 1780, for the whole county of Bedford except that part of it already granted to Alex ander McLean, Esq. (west of Allegheny Mountain). Canceled the 21st December, 1791, and George Woods, Jr., appointed. John Canan, commissioned 27th September, 1787, fur the county of Huntingdon. David Stewart and Andrew Henderson, sureties. Same, 30lh September, 1791. Same, April 11, 1792, for District No. 3 (late purchase). Same, 25th April, 1800. John Morrison, commissioned April 13, 1809, May 11, 1812, Dec. 9, 1813, May 11, 1815. Peter CaBsidy, commissioned April 17, 1818. William Reed, commissioned June 20, 1821. Daniel Africa, commissioned June 7, 1824, May 24, 1827. William Reed, commissioned May 31, 1830. Oath dated 10th June, 1830, : taken before James Saxton, J. P. Same, May 15, 1833. Oath taken 1st June, 1833, before Daniel Africa, J. P. Francis Cassidy, commissioned May 30, 1836. Jacob Cresswell. William Reed, commissioned May 16, 1839. Samuel Caldwell, commissioned May 15, 1845. Same, commissioned June 2, 1848. COUNTY SURVEYORS. William Christy, elected Tuesday, 8tb October, 1850. Christy, 1632 voteB; Samuel Caldwell, 1262 votes. Christy sworn by Cremer, clerk of Court of Quarter Sessions, Nov. 21, 1850. Oath filed Nov. 23,1860. P.O., Alexandria. J. Simpson Africa, elected Oct. 11, 1853. Oath filed Dec. 15, 1853. P. 0., Huntingdon. J. Simpson Africa received 2013 voteB, John F. Ramey received 2013 votes, Oct. 14, 1856. "Each having received tlie same number of votes, there is no choice, and the court must appoint." John F. Ramey appointed. Certificate of oath filed 24lh April, 1857, by Court of Quarter Sessions. P. O., Huntingdon. John F. Ramey, elected Oct. 11, 1859. Oath filed Aug. 2, 1860. John A. Pollock, elected 14th October, 1862. Oath filed April 25, 1863. P. 0., Mount Union. Henry Wilson, appointed by Court of Quarter Sessions, 21st November, 1864. Oath filed Dec. 12, 1864. P. 0., Wilsunhi. James E. Glasgow, elected Oct 10, 1865. Oath filed Nov. 8, 1865. P. 0. Cassville. Same, elected Oct 13, 1868. Oath filed Feb. 12, 1869. Henry Wilson, elected Oct. 10, 1871. Oath filed Nov. 23, 1871. P. 0. Wilsonia. Homy Wilson, elected Nov. 3, 1874. Onth filed Jan. 19, 1878. P. O. Huntingdon. William H. Booth, elected Nov. 6, 1877. Oath filed March 23, 1878. P. 0., Maddensville. John S. Lytle, elected November, 1881. P. O., Spruce Creek. 1 A map filed in the land office. DISTRICT ATTORNEYS, 1850-53. J. Sewell Stewart. 1856. Theodore H. Cremer. 1859. Samuel T. Brown. 1862. J. H. O. Corbin. 1864. James D. Campbell. 1866. K. Allen Lovell. 1869. Milton S. Lytle. 1872. H. Clay Madden. 1875. J. Chalmers Jackson. 1878-81. George B. Orlady. DIRECTORS OF THE POOR. On May 6, 1850, an act was approved providing " for the erection of a house for the employment and support of the poor in the county of Huntingdon" when Thomas Fisher, Kenzie L. Greene, Benjamin Leas, James Gillam, John McCulloch, John Porter Isaac Taylor, A. P. Wilson, John Watson, Caleb Greenland, and S. Miles Green were appointed to select and purchase a site, provided the people at the next annual election voted in favor of the erection of such house. The vote was taken in accordance with the act, which resulted as follows : For the erection of a poor-house, 1299, and against the purchase of site and building the house, 952. After the purchase of site and building the house thereon, an act of the Assembly was passed author izing the people to vote upon the question of sale of said property, which resulted : For the sale, 892, and against sale, 2802. The act of 1850 provided for the election of three directors the first year, and one yearly thereafter. 1851. James Clarke, James Saxton, George Hudson. 1852. John Brewster. 1853. Samuel Mattern. 1854. J. A. Shade. 1855. Kenzie L. Greene. 1856. Joseph Gibbony. 1857. James Murphy. 1858. David Clarkson. 1859. William Moore. 1860. Samuel Peightal. 1861. James Henderson. 1862. Samuel Heckadorn. 1863. John Logan. 1864. Henry Davis, three years ; Henry A. Mark, one year. 1865. John Flenner. 1866. Jackson Harnian. 1867. Adam Heeter. 1868. John Miller. 1869. James Smith. 1870. John P. Stewart 1871. Harris Richardson, 1872. Michael Kyper. 1873. Gilbert Horning. 1874. Aarun W. Evans. 1875. Juhn Griffith. 1876. Daniel Conrad. 1877. James Harper, three years; Michael Stair, two years. 1878. Abram B. Miller. 1879. Jacob Haflly. 1880. JameB Harper. 1881. Jacob H. Isett 1882. Jacob Haffly. JURY COMMISSIONERS. 1807. George W. Shontz, N. K. Covert. 1870. S. B. Chaney, John Vande- vandor. 1873. John G. Stewart, Samuel Brooks. 1876. John X.Lutz, Nicholas Isen berg. 1879. Richard Wills, Adam Kragli, and James Henderson, ap pointed in 1881 to fill i» cancy by reason of Adam Krugh's removal from the State. 1882. Jonathan Evans, HeniJ Chamberlain. CHAPTER XXXII. POPULATION AND POST-OFFICES. Census of 1880.— The tenth census of the i tion, wealth, and industry of the United States was taken pursuant to acts of Congress approved respec tively on March 3, 1879, and April 20, 1880. Anloffice POPULATION AND POST-OFFICES. 209 was established in the Department of the Interior de signated the Census Office, the chief officer of which was called the superintendent of the census. The secretary arranged the counties of the several States into groups of contiguous territory called supervisors' districts, for each of which a supervisor of the census was appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate. In Pennsylvania there were ten such districts. Each supervisor, with the ap proval of the superintendent, apportioned his dis trict into sub-divisions most convenient for the pur pose of enumeration. The Seventh District of this State consisted of fourteen counties, to wit: York, Adams, Cumberland, Franklin, Perry, Juniata, Sny der, Union, Mifflin, Huntingdon, Fulton, Centre, Clinton, and Clearfield. J. Simpson Africa, of Hunt ingdon, was commissioned supervisor. The territory of this district was arranged into two hundred and seventy-nine sub-districts. Huntingdon County con tained twenty-seven. The names of the sub-districts and of the enumerators appointed are as follows : 8ub-diil. . District. Enumerator. No. 180....Warrior'8 Mark township and Birming ham borough William L. Rider. 181. ...Franklin township Samuel Wigton. 182.. ..Morris township David Wilson. 183.... Jackson township J. L. Mcllvnine. 184.. ..Barree township Robert G. Miller. 185. ...West towiiBbii B. Frank Bruwn. 186.... Logan Hownsliip and Petersburg borough..George B. Porter. 187.. ..Porter township, north end, and Alexan dria borough J. Russell Cross. 188.. ..Porter township, south end John Huyett 189.. ..Oneida and Henderson townships J. Glasgow Simpson. Huntingdon Borough. 190....First Ward, and that part of the Third Ward east of Warm Springs Avenue Peter Gerlach. 191....Serond Ward William Africa. 192....Fnurth Ward, and that part of the Third Ward lying west of the Warm Springs Avenue Rev. A. G. Dole. 193....Braily township : George Buy. 194.... Juniata and Walker townships Abraham S Simpson. 195. ..I'eun township and Marklesburg borough.Juhu G. Beaver. 196.. ..Lincoln and Hopewell townships Juhn II. Hess. 107. ...Union township and Mapleton borough ...James S. Gil lam. 198.. ..Cass and Tod townships aud Ca6sville borough James Henderson. 199 Broad Tup City, Dudley, Coalmout bor- ouglis,and Carbon township John Ronan. 200.. ..Mount Union borough and that part of Shirley township which constitutes the Mount Union election district George W. Lukens. 201..., Shirley election district and Shiileys- bnrg borough Louis A. Brown. 202....Orhisouiii borough and Cromwell town ship William H. Miller. 203.... Clay township, Saltillo borough, and Three SpringB borough Mrs. Mary E. Greene. 204.. ..Springfield township James Norris. 205.... Dublin townBhip and Shade Gapborongh..Miss Mary E. Taylor. 206.. ..Tell township James G. McClure. POPULATION— CENSUS OF 1880. Alexandria borough...... 484 Barree township 1,085 Birmingham borough 233 Brady township 909 Mill Creek village 288 Brum! Tup City borough 298 Carbon township 1,393 Barnet village 110 Friendship village 217 Ground Hug Valley 55 Little. Valley 69 Minersville 248 Ruhertsdale 694 Cass township 720 CiiSBville borough 188 Clay township 891 Coalmout borough 171 14 Cromwell township i 709 New Rtickliili village 200 Old Koekhill 190 Dublin township 925 Dudley borough 203 Franklin township 1,129 HeiiuVrsuii township ; 738 Hopewell township , 579 Hunting Ion borough , 4,125 First Ward 895 Second Ward 1351 Third Ward 1018 Fourth Ward 861 Jackson township «, 1,655 Knnisville village 70 Greenwood Furnace village 225 McAlevy's Fort .village....". 146 Juniata township 438 Lincoln township 604 Lo^an township 611 Mapleton bomugb 444 Marklesburg borough 232 Morris township 678 Spruce Creek village 218 Water Street village 60 Mount Union borough 764 Oneida, township 353 Orbisonia borough 766 Penn township 998 ' Grafton village 133 Giants villa village 73 Petersburg borough 381 Porter township 1,039 Barree Irou-WorkB village 260 Saltillo borough 227 Shade Gap borough 170 Shirley township 1,703 Shirleysburg borough 367 Springfield township 816 Madden-ville village .¦ 26 Meadow Gap village 26 Tell township 1,058 Three Springs borough 239 Tod township 848 Union township 780 Walker township 1,002 McConnellstown village 308 Smithfield village 151 Wanior's Mark township 1,240 Spring Mount village 94 Warrior's Mark village 206 West township 763 Fairfield village 33 Mooreaville village 48 Total 33,956 LIST OF POST-OFFICES, WITH THEIR LOCATION, JANUARY, 1883. Post-Office. Township or Borough. Airy Dale Brady. Alexaudiia Alexandria borough. Aughwick Mills Shirley. Barree Forge, Porter. Birmingham Birmingham borough. Broad Top Broad Top City borough. Calvin . Union. Cassville. Cassville borough. Con lint »nt Coalniont borough. Coffee I in n Lincoln. Ccleiaine Forge Franklin. Cole's Summit Tod. Colfax Union. Cornpropst's Mills Miller. Cottnge West. Cove Station Hopewell. Donation Oneida. Dudley Dudley borough. Dntii hi Eagle foundry Tod. East Broad Top Tod. Ennisville Jackson. Franklinville Franklin. Grafton Penn. Gmysville Franklin. Greenwood Furnace Jackson. Hare's Valley Cass. Hill Valley Shirley. Hubelsville Clay. Huntingdon Huntingdon borough. James Creek Maiklesburg borough. Latta Grove Cass. McAlevy's Fort Jnckson. McConnellstown Walker. McNeal Maddenville Springfield. Manor Hill. Barree. Mapleton Depot Mapleton borough. Massey sburg Barree. Meadow Gap Springfield. 210 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Post-Omce. Township or Borough. Mill Creek , Brady. Morrell Morris. Mount Union Mount Union borough. Neff's Mills West. Nossville Tell. Orbisonia Orbisonia borough. Page Union. Paradise Furnace Tod. Pennsylvania Furnace Franklin. Petersburg Petersburg borough. Eabertsdale Carbon. Saltillo - Saltillo borough. Saulsburg .*. Barree. Shade Gap Shadn Gap borough. Shade Valley Tell. Shirleysburg Shirleysburg borough. Shy Beaver Lincoln. Spruce Creek Morris. Three Springs Three Springs borough. . Tod Tod. Trough Creek Tod. Union Church.... Henderson. Valley Point Shirley. Warrior's Mark Warrior's Mark. Water Street Morris. CHAPTER XXXIII. BARREE TOWNSHIP. This township, as will be noticed by reference to Chapter III., was formed by the Cumberland County Court at October sessions, 1767, and then embraced all of the area of Huntingdon County west of Jack's Mountain and Sideling Hill and the greater portion of Blair County. The name was originally written BarMs. As the township was created during the times when the people of the colonies were protesting against the taxes imposed upon them by the mother- country, it is supposed the name was conferred in honor of Col. Isaac Barre1, who by a speech delivered in 1765 in the British Parliament on the celebrated Stamp Act, patriotically defended the colonists. The name soon became written " Barree," and long usage has established that as the correct orthography. In the changes of more than a century it was so shorn of its extensive proportions as to be reduced to an area of about twenty-five square miles, it being about four miles wide, with an average length slightly exceeding six miles. Its general shape is that of a parallelogram, with its northern end resting on the summit of Tussey's Mountain, which separates it from Centre County. Jackson bounds it on the east, Miller on the south, and West on the southwest. With the exception of Herrad's Run, a tributary of Standing Stone Creek, the drainage of the township is by way of Shaver's Creek. This stream flows through Shaver's Creek Valley. Numerous springs issue from the mountain-side and from the high lands east and south of the creek, which feed that stream with fresh and clear water, whose appearance is quite unlike that which distin guishes the waters of Shaver's Creek when it flows into the Juniata. The discoloration is caused by the peculiar earths through which it flows in West and Logan townships. In Barree are also springs of mineral waters, several of them being highly charged with sulphur. Iron ore abounds in considerable quantities, and although but partially developed has been found to yield a large percentage of excellent metal. The soil of the tillable parts of the township is, in the main, somewhat thin, but is fairly fertile and under skillful cultivation yields fine returns. It appears well adapted for fruit culture. There are some fine improvements and well-tilled farms. The first assessment of the property in this town ship after the formation of Huntingdon County was in 1788. The following extracts have been arranged as nearly as possible according to the territory of the township as it has been since subdivided. The abbreviations used are " W," for warranted land ; " L," for land held by " locations" or orders of survey ; " Imp.," for land held by improvement-right; " a.," for acres ; " h.," for horses; "h. a," for horned cattle ; " a," for cows. Robert Smith, collector, made a return of the lands upon which there was no property to pay the taxeB. These tracts are designated with an *, and were either unimproved or untenanted. BARREE AND MILLER. Boll, Arthur, 90 a., 2 h., 1 h. c. Collins, Moses (for Manor), 125 a. W., 2 h., 2 h. c. China, Gilbert (for Manor), a. L. 125, a. W., 1 h., 1 h. c. China, Isaiah (for Manor), a. L., 125 a. W., 1 h., 1 h. c. China, Edward, 1 h., 1 h. c. Cope, Jacob (for Cux), 350 a. W., 2 h., 1 li. c. Ewing, Thomas, 300 a. L„ 2 h., 2 h. o. Ewing, Samuel, 50 a. I., 2 h , 2 h. c. Ewing, John, Sr. (for Harshaw), 300 a. L., 2 h., 1. h. c. Ewing, Juhn, 50 a. I., 1 h., 1 h. c. Ferguson, Thomas, 160 a. W., 4 h., 5 h. c, 1 still. Ferguson, John, 160 a. W., 2 h., 1 h. c. Galagher, Thomas, 150 a. W., 2 h., 2 h. c. Green, Clement, 100 a. Imp., 2 h. Green, George, 300 a. L., 2 h., 1 h. c. Heaney, James, 1U0 a. I., 2 h., 2 h. c. Montgomery, Wm. (I'or Dewitt), 100 a. W., 1 h., 2 h. c. McMalion, Benj., 100 a. L. MeGaffock, Benj. (Manor), 125 a. W., 2 h„ 3 h. c. McAlice, Daul. (Manor), 125 a. W., 2 h., 1 h. c. McAl benny, Widow, 2 ll., 1 h. c. McAlhenny, Wm. (for Manor), 125 a. W., 2 h., 1 h. c. McGinnis, John (for McMurtrie), 170 a. W., 1 h., 1 h. c. McMnhon, William, 3 h., 3 h. c. McDermot, James, 150 a. L., 1 h., 2 h. c. Nelson, Abraham (Manor), 125 a. W., 2 h., 2h. c. Nelson, William, 100 a. L., 2 h., 2 h. c. Riddle, Robert, 200 a. W., 3 h., 3 li. c, 2 stills. Riddle, William, 150 a. W. RicketB, China (fur Manor), 125 a. W., 3 h., 2 h. c. Ricketts, Edward (for Manor), 125 a. W., 1 h., 1 h. c. Ricketts, Jeremiah (for Manor), 125 a. W. Ricketts, Jeremiah, 100 a. I., 1 h., 1 li. c. Ricketts, Juhn, 150 a. W., 2 h., 2 h. c. Ricketts, Reson, 125 a. W., 2 h., 1 h. u. Sinkcy, Richard (John Agnew), 300 a. W., 2 h., 1 h. c. Vnnderider, Matthias (Manor), 50 a. W., 2 h., 2 h. c. Wason, Robert (for Manor), 125 a. W., 2 h., 2 h. o. Ferguson, Henry, 160 a. W., 2 h., 1 h. c. Non-Resident Lands. David Kennedy, adj. Manor land, 400 a. L. *John Cox, ut the forks, 275 a. I. John Agnew, in the forkB. *John Edwards, adj. Robert Riddle, 200 a. W. *Moses Woods, on the head-waters of Shaver's Creek, 100 a. 1. DBAPT — OF THE MANOR OF SHAVERS CREEK. c . 3 ¦* e p THE G R \ NDSTON £ HILL OR HARTS LOGG MO U NT A I N . BARREE TOWNSHIP. 211 •Andrew Boggs, deceased, on the Warrior's Ridge, 300 a. L. •James Elliott, adjoining Thomas Ewing, 170 a. L. •John Cox, adjoining the Manor, 300 a. L. ?Thompson, Isaac, 100 a. Imp. JACKSON. Boggs, Andrew, 300 a. L., 1 h., 1 h. o. Cree, Juhn, 150 a. L., 2 n, 2 h. c. Ferfss, Moses, 50 a. L., 2 h., 2 h. c. Glen, John, 150 a. L., 2 h., 3 h. c. Glen, Archibald, 150 a. L., 2 h., 1 h. o. Glen, Andrew (for Ritchy), 233 a. L., 2 h., 2 h. c. Glen, James, 100 a. L., 2 h., 1 h. c. Hueston, William, 250 a. L., 1 h., 2 h. c. little. Juhn, Esq., 150 a. W., 3 h., 2 h. c, 1 grist-mill, 1 saw-mill. McAlevy, William, 160 a. W., 300 L., 4 h., 5 h. u., 1 still. Miller, Richard, 100 a. L., 2 h., 2 h. c. Oburn, Joseph, 230 a. L., 3 h., 3 h. c. Porter, Samuel, 200 a. W., 2 h., 2 h. c. Porter, William, 220 a. W., 2 h., 2 h. c. Porter, James, 2 h., 2 h. u. Smith, Robert, 200 a. W., 3 h., 3 h. c. Non-Resident Lands. •Samuel Meredith, adj. William McAlevy, 2000 a. L. •James Smith, adj. William McAlevy, 492 a. L. •Robert Stephenson, adj. John Wilson (in mime of John Miller, said to be William McClay or Stephenson), 300 a. L. •Patterson, adj. Joseph Oburn, 220 a. L. •John Shea, adj. Robert Smith, 200 a. W. •John Shea, adj. William McAlevy, 150 a. W. •George Frie, adj. Arthur Bell, 150 a. W. •John Canible, on the long ridge, 100 a. I. •John Davis, on the long ridge, 100 a. L. •John Cox, adj. William Patterson, 300 a. L. John Harris, adj. John Little, 200 a. W. George Frie, adj. or lying on the head of Squire Little's, Mill Creek, 200 a. W. LOGAN AND WEST. Anderson, James, 300 a., 3 h., 4 h. c. Armstrong, Thomas, 280 a. W., 2 h., 2 h. c. Cresswell, Robert, 150 a. W., 1 h., 2 h. o. Cresswell, James, 150 a. L., 2 h., 3 h. c. ,J , Cotton, John (for Kirkpatrick, property of Mrs. Bond), 150 deed, 2 h., 2 h. c. Dickey, John, 200 a. L., 2 h., 2 h. c. Gray, George, 100 a. L., 2 h., 2 h. u. , Gray, Thomns, 100 a. L., 2 h., 2 h. c. Grafton. Nicholas, 200 a. W., 2 h., 3 h. c. ,' Johnston, William, 300 a. W., 3 h., 3 h. u. Leonard, Patrick, 50 a. L., 2 h., 2 h. o. Long, William, 100 a. W., 1 h. c. Long, Thomas. McCormick, Alexander, 300 a. W., 5 h., 5 h. c, 1 grist-mill, 1 saw-mill. Ralston, David, 500 a. W., 4 h., 6 h. c. Wilson, William, 100 a. D., 2 b., 3 h. c. Wilson, George, 200 a. L., 2 h, 2 h. o. WilBon, John, 200 a. L., 2 h., 2 h. c. 'Wilson, James, 2 h., 2 h. c. Ward, Edward (for McMutrie), 150 W., 1 h., 2 h. c. Non-Resident Land. J *William Wilson, deceased, 180 a. L. I *John Cox, Shaver's Creek, adj. David Ralston, 111 a. W. -* 'David McMntrie, 830 W. •Cox, un the south of the ridge, near the Warm Spring, 600 a. I. •Cox and Patterson, adj. James Dickey, 300 a. L. •Philip Benezet and James Childs, on the Globe Run, 600 a. W. •John Taylor, on the Globe Run, 170 L. BARREE. Not Classified. Brown, Moses, 100 a. Imp., 2h., 1 h. c. Brown, Michael, for John Rickey, 250 a. loc, 1 h., 1 h. c. Conner, James, 200 a. W., 2 h., 2 h. u. Collins, Jacob, 50 a. Imp., 2 h. Connor, John, for Patterson, 200 a. loc, 1 h., 1 h. «. Frogg, Boston, 119 n. W„ 2 h., 2 h. c. Uruffass, John, 100 a. Imp., 2 li., 1 h. «,, 1 still. Gordon, David, 100 a. W., 2 h., 2 h. c. Jenkins, Willinm, 100 a. L., 2 h., 2 h. o. Irwin, James, for Ritohey, 233 a. W., 2 h., 2 h. c. Kennedy, John, 100 a. W., 2 h., 3 h. c. Kerr, John, 75 a. W., 2 h., 2 li. u. Loague, Johu, 260 a L. Linn, James, 40 a. I., 1 h., 2 h. c. Lisle, John, 2 h. o. McClellan, John, 2 h., 1 h. c. McCartney, Bartholomew, 60 a. I., 1 h. , 1 h. c. Seaburn, George, 1 h.,1 h. c. Seaburn, Peter, 3 li. Thompson, David (for Kirkpatrick, property of John Swift), 150 a. W., 2 h., 1 h. c. Turbitt, John, deceased, 50 a. W. Thompson, Widow, 100 deed, 1 h. Young, John, 2 h., 1 h. c. William Porter, sessor j William McAlavy, George Gray, assistants. ONEIDA. Dickey, Moses, 150 a. W., 1 h., 1 c. •Frogg, Johu (for Mifflin), 300 L., 1 h., 2 h. c. Non-Resident. •Samuel Mifflin, deceased, Warm Springs, Stone Creek, 1200 a. L. The Shaver's Creek Manor. — Within the limits of this township is located one of the tracts reserved by the proprietaries of the province for their own use. It is known as the Shaver's Creek Manor, and con tains two thousand six hundred and eight acres. The warrant for its survey was dated Oct. 30, 1760, and the survey was made by Samuel Finley, an assistant of John Armstrong, then deputy surveyor of Cum berland County, Nov. 5, 1762. From this tract the village of Manor Hill, located within its lines, de rived its name. In November, 1788, James Hunter, a surveyor then and for some years thereafter in ac tive practice, divided the Manor tract into lots as fol lows: No. 1. Robert Wason 161 acreB, 142 perches. " 2. Abraham Nilson 254 " 9 " " 3. Gilbert and Kdward Cheany.. 212 " 20 " " 4. Jeremiah Rickets 113 " 96 " " 5. Widow Talbot 196 " 106 " " 6. Daniel Mclllence 371 " 3 " " 7. Benjamin Magafuk 248 " 44 " " 8. Chain and Edward Rickets... 284 " 50 " " 9. Jacob Cullins 189 " 9 " 10. Hush Gallagher 383 " 53 " " 11. William Mcllheuy 209 " 38 " The village lots were chiefly laid off on Manor lot No. 10. Although the township was not wholly free of In dians, no outrages seem to have been committed within its borders. To be prepared iu case an incur sion occurred, a stockade fort was built at Manor Hill on one of the Rickets farms. It was designed pri marily for temporary defense, and its existence doubt less gave the settlers assurances of safety which they otherwise would not have entertained. It was occu pied on several occasions of Indian alarms, in one of which, it is said, occurred the birth of Jacob Chaney. The farm was sold by the Rickets to Arthur Moore, who in turn conveyed it to John Crum, who used the timbers in building a sheep barn on the same farm, which was demolished not many years since. ¦ John Dickey, who came from Carlisle, Pa., was 212 HISTOEY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. one of the earliest settlers of the present township. Some years before the Revolution he took up a large tract of land in the neighborhood of the " Manor," but the unsettled condition of the country caused him to return to Carlisle, where he lived several years, then returned to Barree, which was his residence until his death in 1814, at quite an advanced age. Of his six children one of his daughters married Michael Murray, who lived on the Manor; another John Phramton, who lived on the small stream which bears his name, formerly called Ewing's Run ; while the third daughter married John Henderson, and lived on an adjoining tract of land. The sons John and Thomas removed to the West, and James died in the township. The Massey Family originally lived in Chester County. Soon after the Revolution two brothers, Mordecai and Phineas, settled in the Spruce Creek Valley, where they built the first forge in Franklin township, some time before 1800. They sold out their interests to John Gloninger & Co., and Mordecai crossed Tussey's Mountain into Barree, and purchased a large tract of land in the Shaver's Creek, Valley along the base of the mountain. Here he died at the age of ninety years. He had daughters who mar ried, — Sarah, John Henry ; Phoebe, John McCartney ; and Jane, Israel Pennington, of Centre County. His sons were Mordecai, a physician at Masseys- burg, in Barree, until his death in 1855. His widow survived him until 1881, dying at the age of eighty-seven years, leaving no issue. The second son, Robert, was married to Martha, daughter of Joseph Jackson, and lived on the farm now occu pied by his son Reuben until his death, aged eighty- two years. Besides Reuben he had children, — Mor decai B., an attorney at Huntingdon ; and sons named Daniel and John. A daughter, Jane, became the wife of William Miller, of West township. John Bell. — Another early settler in this part of the township was John Bell, who lived on the place now owned by Alexander Oaks until his death in 1833, a very aged man. He was the father of sons, — George W., who was married to Margaret McMahan, and who died in 1864, at the age of eighty-two years ; Alexander, married to Elizabeth Moore ; William, married to Elizabeth Henry; Thomas, married to Margaret Ewing; and John and Arthur, who were single men. McMahan Family.— After the Revolution, Ben jamin McMahan came from the Tuscarora Valley, and settled on the place now owned by his son John, where he died in 1829. During the war he served in the garrison at Northumberland, where his brother James settled, not far from Danville. He was mar ried to a daughter of Daniel McAleece, and reared three sons and two daughters. The latter married George W. Bell and James Johnston, both of Barree. John McMahan, the oldest son, was born in Barree in 1794, and was married to Ann Bell, who died at. the age of seventy-six years. They reared sons named Benjamin, George, Marshall, James, Jackson and daughters who married Robert Wilson, David Little, and Jonathan Johnston. John McMahan is one of the oldest men in the county. He is a carpen ter by trade, and attained wonderful skill in the use of the broad-axe, his exploits in that direction being remembered by many of the old people of Barree and Jackson. Daniel, a second son of Benjamin Mc Mahan, removed to St. Louis, and Benjamin, another son, died at Altoona. The McAleece, or McClees family removed to Kentucky at an early day. The young man McClees, killed by the Indians in Jackson township, was a nephew of Daniel McAleece, his parents never living in the county. William Maffitt.— In the upper part of the valley, above the McMahan farm, lived William Maf- fitt, who moved there from Woodcock Valley, in Bed ford. He was tbe father of three sons named John Robert, and James, and of daughters who married William Johnston, James McClelland, and Joseph Ross. Casper Croyl lived in the Maffitt family, and some of his family now occupy the Maffitt home stead. He had sons named George, Samuel, Henry, Philip, Jonas, and'Thomas. McCartney Family.— Farther down the valley lived George McCartney, and Daniel and James Mc Cartney lived in Jackson, all being of different pa rentage, and not related to one another. They were among the early settlers, and their descendants have become quite numerous. The Rudy brothers, George and Barney, came from York County after the Revolution, the former having been engaged in that struggle. He occupied what is known as the Rudy homestead, where he lived until his death. His five daughters married John Scott, Casper Croyl, and A. Morrison, of Barree, and John Warefield and Robert Wilson, of Jackson. His sons were John, George, Jacob, Henry, Samuel, and Jonas, the latter living on the homestead until his death in 1854. His sons Martin, Reuben, Samuel, and John yet live in that locality. John Henry, an Irishman, was an early settler on the farm which is now owned by John Smith. Here he reared three sons, named James, John, and Samuel, and daughters who married John Hutchin son, of Barree, Asa Fagan, of the same township, and Samuel Morrison, of Huntingdon. The oldest son moved to Clearfield, Samuel went out in the war of 1812 and never returned, and John married Sarah Massey, and lived in Barree until 1844, when he moved to near Fairfield, where he died in 1856, leaving sons, Jesse, James, Mordecai, and John. David Gilliland, of Irish birth, was one of the first settlers below the Manor, rearing a large family, one of the daughters, Mary, yet being a resident of the township, at the age of about eighty years. John Henderson, an Irishman, settled in the same locality, BARREE TOWNSHIP. 213 on one of the Dickey farms. He was the father of two sons, John and George. The former married Sally Campbell, and moved to Cass County, Iowa. George married Harriet Taylor, of Mifflin County, and settled on the William Mcllhenney farm, on the Manor tract. He died near Petersburg in 1855. A son, Miles, is yet living on the homestead. In the neighborhood of Saulsburg settled Thomas Forrest a few years before the Revolution, and lived there uutil his death in 1806. The two daughters he reared married John Morrill and Isaac Myton, both of whom moved to Ohio. The oldest son, John, mar ried Martha Wilson, and settled in Barree. He was the father of Joseph Forrest, at present one of the oldest citizens of the township, and James and John Forrest, who moved to the West. Other sons of Thomas Forrest were Joseph and Thomas, who were among the first settlers of the northwestern part of the State. Along the northwest base of Warrior Ridge James Watson improved what later became known as the Oyer and Gibbony farms. Christian Oyer was from Chester County. He had a son, also named Christian, who made the substantial improve ment now on the farm, removing to Ohio more than a quarter of a century ago. The daughters of Christian Oyer, Sr., married George Wilson and Richard San- key. John Gibbony, the father of Joseph Gibbony, came from Lancaster County about 1824. William Stewart, a pioneer, lived south of the Manor. He was the father of Judge John Stewart, who lived in the same locality; James and Samuel,: other sons, lived in Jackson, while Thomas Stewart, died on the homestead. Several daughters were mar ried to James Sample and John Oaks, the latter of Jackson township. William Hirst came about 1795 and settled in the upper part of the township, where he died in 1852 at the age of seventy-eight years. His daughters married into the Fowler, Evans, and Peightal families. Of his sons, John died at Sauls burg; William became a Methodist minister and : died at Washington City ; Andrew H. served as county treasurer, and afterwards became a merchant at Philadelphia ; and James was a physician in Illi- i nois. Near the Jackson line lived John Duff, who came to the place from the Kishacoquillas Valley. ; He reared ten sons, namely, William, Samuel, John, Cornelius, Andrew, Edward, James, David, Reuben, and Charles. There were also four daughters who attained womanhood. Some time about 1800, John Crum, a very active Methodist, settled at Manor Hill, on one of the Rick ets farms. His sons Cornelius and John moved to the West, while his daughters married John M. Smith, of Jackson, and Joseph Adams, who had the first store at the Manor, and who afterwards became widely known as Judge Adams. Abraham Hagan, a native of Newark, N. J., re moved to Baltimore, and from that city to Hunting don County, moving to Manor Hill in 1810, and fol lowed his trade, shoemaking. One of his sons, John, is yet an esteemed citizen of that locality, while James lives in Jackson, and William removed to Indiana. Some of his daughters married James Myton, George Hutchinson, and David Gilliland. In 1812, after West was set off, the township con tained the following taxables : Austin, Owen Averill, Nicholas Adams Joseph Barr, Samuel Black, Hubert B rooky, John Boweisock, Henry Bickett, William Bell, Juhn Brooks, John, Jr Bradley, James Barr, Juhn Bowel-nock, Valentine Belford, James Bell, Alexander Black, Juhn Biuiuigarduer, George Barr, David Barr, Robert Biuiuigarduer, Jacob Carman, John Campbell, Isaac (saw-mill)... Covenhnveu, Tliomas Cuy, Juhn Cunningham, Robert Crum, Cornelius Crum, John Couch, Edward (griBt- and saw-mills) '. Chaney, Martha (village lot) Coy, Jacob Caroles, John Campbell, John (sawmill)... Campbell, Alexander Connelly, Adam Coy, Christopher Dunn, John Dudley, John, Sr Tlickey, John, Jr Davis, Samuel Davis, John Ennis, Joshua Fox, Jacob (for landlord) Fox, Geurge Fagan, Asaph Faris, Muses Forrest, John Fitzgerald. James (two lots) Fox, Christopher Flemniing. James Goodwin, Benjamin Goodwin, Duvid Green, Eiijnb Graham, William Green, Genrge Gilleland, Matthew Gilleland, David, Jr Green, George, Jr Gilleland, David Godfrey, Robert Gale, David Green, Nathaniel Gettis, Robert Henry, Samuel llonon, John Hutchinson, John Hirst, William Hais, William Ileury, John. Jr Henon, William Householder, Andrew Hagan. A bra ham Hurtling & Myers Jackson", Joseph, Esq (saw mill) Jenkins, Mary Jackson, Garner Jackson, Jonathan Johnston, William Kyler, Thomas Kerns, Peter Livingston, Alexander Logan. William Logan, Robert Liabtner, Matthias Little, John (iirisl-niill) Leonard, Robert (distillery) Leonard, James 70 100 "ion 208 300 "75 150ISO111(1 8051 2211100 '200 2011 36 "244 177 122 150300 '279 240 15319o 30 1197 107 300 30 170 70 ISO 200 1732512 0 120106 302 21S 50 1(111 130 100 15230U 2052110112 1511 20 106 200320 Maffitt, Wm. (fulling-mill).. Mafflit, Hubert Mon-ell, Robert Mitchell, Robert Massey, Mordecni McAlevy, William (distil lery, grist- and saw-mil]).. McAievy, William, Jr McElroy,. Tames Mitchell, Thomas McMnnegal, Daniel McMahan, Benjamin Morton, Josiah McVicker, Duncan McCartney, Daniel (distil lery) McMillan, Robert McCartney, James Moore, Robert (distillery)... Miller, Matthew McGill, John (saw-mill) Myton, Joseph McKlhauey, William McCrum, George McGowen, Samuel Murray, Marl ha McCrum, Michael McGill, William Marsh, John Myers, Samuel Murrisun, Samuel McGinn is. John Maffitt, William Nelson, Robert Neal, John Oburn, Joseph, Jr Oburn, Joseph Oaks, John O'Dunabl, Neal Oyer, Christ ian Potter, William,. Purter, Samuel ( listillery)... Puiglital. David Riddle, Robert, Esq Raiuey, James Rudy, Geurge Rnncha, Juseph (distillery), Riulv, llauiel Robii, William Riddle, Samuel Rudy, John Riddle, JoBeph Ross, Stewart Smith, John Scutt, David Scott, Thomas ". Scutt, Juhn Stewart, Robert Silknitter, Michael (saw mill) Sinkey, Richard Sinke.v, Rielmrd. Jr Stewart, William .... Simnutun, George Shadel, John Snii tli, 'Hugh Sample, David Stewart, John (Manor) Sample, Joseph Steffey, Leonard Scott. Benjamin Stewart, Juhn Thompson,. lames Vance, Samuel Wilson, Robert Walker, William Wilson, James Wilson, John Work, Alexander Work, Aarou Watt, Hugh Watson, James Wilson, Alexander Watson, William Warren, Robert Wilson. Nathaniel Watt, John 130170 200 "306 1035 100 100 279 150 "To 100 100182400330 286 "l03 70 59 119 180 342 200 250 100 230 58 200200330 "l69 40 150173162 2G0200 50 150100 300 50 150 2H0 300 232 100 200152 55 100 SO 200 196 100 100140 256 85 214 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Single Freemen. Armstrong, Samuel, Black, James. Bell, George. Brooks, Frederick. Brooks, William. Bell, William. Brecken ridge, Thomas. Burr, Robert. Chaney, James. Chaney, John. Campbell, Josiah. Campbell, Alexander. Campbell, John. Cunningham, Robertson. Crossman, James. Dearmont, John. Dickey, Samuel. Graham, Mark. Henry, Samuel. Huston, William. Henry, William. Hight, James. Ferris, Thomas. Martin, Isaac. Morrell, Joseph. Miller, David. McElroy, John. Miller, Thomas. McGill, John. Myton, Joseph. Morrell, Samuel. McMonegal, William. Miller, Samuel. Jenkins, William. Porter, James. Porter, William. Riddle, John. Stewart, James. Silknitter, Philip. Smith, James. Stewart, William. Sinkey, James. Simonton, George. Thompson, Alexander. Wilson, George. Williams, Hugh. The owners of village lots were Martha Chaney, Robert Gettis, Joseph Jackson, Robert Stewart, and James Wilson. The number of acres of land owned by residents was 26,715 ; of unseated land, 6785. There were 255 head of horses, 267 head of horned cattle, 2 grist-mills, 7 saw-mills, 6 distilleries, and 25 inhabitants having occupations other than farming. In 1880 the population of Barree, including the present township of Miller, was 1085. Civil Organization. — Barree township had, when Huntingdon County was formed, very extensive limits. Hence in the following list of officers may appear the names of persons who resided in what is now one of the following townships : West, Logan, Jackson, Oneida, Miller, or the township proper, if elected before those townships were set off. Miller was included until the spring election of 1881. The principal officers have been: CONSTABLES. 1788, James Glen; 1789, William Porter; 1790, John Graffius ; 1791, George Wilson ; 1792, John Case; 1793-94, Jsimes Anderson ; 1795, James Glen; 179G, Thomas Forrest; 1797, Samuel Mitchell; 1798, David Wherry; 1799, George Green; 1800, James Watson; 1801, William McAlevy; 1802, David Gilliland ; 1803, George McCartney; 1804, Hugh Tolland; 1805, Robert Morrell: 1806, William Potter; 1807, Robert Leonard; 1808, Robert Moore; 1809, Isaac Myton; 1810, William Hirst; 1811, Samuel Henry; 1813-14, William Hirst; 1815-16, Thomas Kyler; 1817-19, William McCrum; 1820, Samuel Morris; 1821-22, Thomas Kyler; 1823, Charles Woolverton; 1824- 32, William Price; 1833-34, Samuel Rainey. OVERSEERS OF THE POOR. 1789, Joseph Oburn, James Anderson ; 1790, James Glen, George Gray ; 1791, James Glen, Nicholas Graffius; 1792, Joseph Oburn, William Porter; 1793, William McAlevy, James Ausrie ; 1794, George Jack son, Samuel Porter; 1795, George Gray, Richard Miller; 1796, Al exander McCormick, William McAlevy ; 1797, James Glen, William McAlevy; 1798, Nathaniel Murray, Robert Moore; 1799, Joseph Jackson, David Riddle; 1800, James Thompson, Michael Murray. ROAD SUPERVISORS. 1789, William McAlevy, Nicholas Graffins ; 1790, George Wilson, Richard Miller ; 1791, George Wilson, James Haney ; 1792, Nicholas Graffius, JameBGlen; 1793, John Cree, David Ralston; 1794, James Ander son, William McAlevy; 1795, John Beatty, John McGill* 1795 wi chael Murray, Samuel Anderson ; 1797, Joseph Potter Thomas Warren; 1798, David Gilliland, Samuel Mitchell; 1799, Robert Stuart, Robert Leonard; 1800-1, Morris Ferris, James Mcllruv 1802, Thomas Warren, Benjamin McMahan; 1803-4, Thomas War! ren, Robert Moure; 1805, William Wallace, Samuel Kenney 1806, David Riddle, Robert Morrell; 1807, James Watson Mor decai Massey; 1808, John McGill, Samuel Morrison ; 1809 Jamea Watson, George Rudy; 1810, John Campbell, Robert Leonard- 1811-12, John Watt, Juhn McIIroy; 1813, Joseph Jlunsha, William Ricketts; 1814-15, George McCrum, Christian Oyer; 1816, John Carmon, William Maffitt; 1817, Joseph Clayton, William Maffltf 1818, John Watt, Thomas Coughenour; 1819, David Gilliland James Watson: 1820, David Gilliland, James Watson; 1821 Asauh Fagan, Samnel Morrison ; 1822, Asaph Fagan, John Forrest; 1823 Andrew Householder, Thomas Mitchell; 1824, John Stryker, George Fox; 1825, John Stryker, Alexander Livingston ; 1826, Johu Oaks, Livingston Carmon ; 1827, Alexander Bell, Charles CnmnihiB- 1828 Joshua Green, Wil Ham M affi tt ; 1 829, James Stuart, William Maffitt • 1830, Samuel Stewart, 'William Oiks; 1831, John Duff, James Leon ard; 1832, John Evans, James Leonard; 1833, Robert CamminB John McMahan; 1834, Philip Silknitter, Hugh Smith, George Mc Crum, John McMahan ; 1835, Ji>siah Cunningham, Alexander Thompson, Philip Silknitter, Robert Massey; 1836, Samnel Mitch ell, Thomas Blair; 1837, Robert Barr, Andrew Couch; 1838, John Duff, John Stuart; 1839, John Horning, Daniel Malley, DavM Por ter, John Jackson ; 1840, David Massey, William Porter, William Couch, Samuel Hawn ; 1841, James Ewing, William Means, Henry Lee, Daniel Covenhover ; 1842, James Livingston, Philip Silknitter, William Maines, Thomas Smith; 1843, James Coy, Robert Cum mins, William Randolph, Samuel JohnBon; 1844, Alexander Bell, A. T. Stryker, James Coy, William Randolph; 1845, John MrMalian, Thomas Miller; 1 846, Philip Silknitter, David Peightal ; 1847,George Hutchinson, John Chaney, Alexander Bell; 1848, Thomas Crown- over, Christian Oyer; 1849, Jehu Logan, James Living-ton; 1850, John Steel, Johu Stewart, John Hofford ; 1851, John Gilland, Wil- liam Morrison, William Couch; 1852, John Logan, George McCrum, Joseph Gibbony; 1853, Nicholas Decker, Johu Logan, John McMa han ; 1854, Joseph Smiley, John Love, Alexander M. Oaks; 1855, John Smith, James Ewing; 1856, Isaac Horning. James Ewing; 1857, John Love, William Oaks, Thomas Crownover; 1858, John Love, William Couch, John McMahan ; 1859, John Hirst, C.T. Green, John McMahan; 1860, James Stewart, William L. Couch, Thomas Stewart; 1862, David Ramsey, Solomon Trautwein, Gilbert Horn ing; 1863, Martin Rudy, David Ramsey, Henry CornpropBt; 1865, Thomas Stewart, George Scott, J. C. Miller: 1866, Thomas Stewart, George Hutchinson, Andrew Chaney; 1867, John L. Hof fer, George Hutchinson; 1868, Josepli Henderson, John McMa han, Timothy Darley ; 1869, William Couch, Joseph Gihbouy, John Stewart; 1870-71, George Hutchinson, A. Chaney, John Stewart; 1872, John Bell, L. Morrison ; 1873, William Ewing, Patrick Gettis; 1874, Joseph Gibbony, R. Rudy, J. A. Couch ; 1875, William Eckley; 1876, John McMahan, William Hallman, F. Corbin ; 1877, William Hallman, John Harris, Alexander Myton ; 1878, William McAlevy, David Huhn, Samuel Morrison; 1879, Daniel Trontwein, CuriBtinn Peightal; 1880, W. W. French, Daniel Trontwein; 1881, H. C. Harshbarger, William P. Walker, Jesse P. Wilson. AUDITORS. 1835, William Couch, William Maffitt ; 1836, David Massey ; 1837, James Stewart; 1838, John Crum ; 1839, Gilbert Chaney; 1840, John Oaks; 1841, Samuel Miller; 1812, Samuel Stewart; 1843 (110 report); 1844, George McCrum; 1845, Andrew Couch ; 1846, James Maguire; 1847 Samuel Miller, John Stewart; 1848, John Stewart; 1849, Robert Massey; 1850, John Love; 1851, Isaac Homing; 1852, Reuben Mas- sey; 1853, John Love; 1854, Isaac Horning; 1855, Thomas Bell; 1856 (no report); 1857, C. C. Ash; 1858, George McCrum; 1859, Thomas Covenhover; 1800, C. C. Ash ; 1861, — ; 1802, Bar ton Green; 1863, Robert R. Green; 1864, ; 1865, Chris tian Peightal; 1866, James M. Stewart; 1867, A. M. Oaks; 1868, C. C. Ash ; 1869, James M. Johnston ; 1870-71, R. R. Ramsey; 1872, Silas Gibbony; 1873, Miles L.Green; 1874, William Ewing; 1875, Solomon Troutwein; 187G, C. C. Ash ; 1877, William Ewing; 1878, Solomon Troutwein; 1879, James Blair; 1880, J. T. Livingston, William Couch; 18*1, James Houck, Solomon Troutwein, John Rudy. BARREE TOWNSHIP. 215 Since the adoption of the free school system the following have been elected as directors: 1835, Daniel Massey, James Stewart; 1836, James Cummins, Cornelius Crum; 1837, James Ewing, Christian Oyer; 1838, John Campbell- George Jackson, David Massey ; 1839, Robert Stewart, Andrew Couch, John Love; 1840, John W. Myton, Gilbert Chaney; 1841, William^. Smith, John Smith, Alexander Bell; 1842, James Gil- lam, William B. Smith, John Love; 1843, no report; 1844, Samuel Miller, David Ramsey ; 1845, Josiah Cunningham, Thomas Stewart, George Bell; 1846, Alexander Oaks, Isaac Anderson; 1847, Gilbert Chaney, Thomas Crownover; 1848, Moses Robinson, James Gillam; 1849, Josiah Gibbony, Job Slack.; 1850, John Chaney, George Mc Crum, Jr.; 1851, John McGregor, Christian Peightal ; 1852, Will inm Couch, John Harper; 1853, James Ewing, Thomas Wilson; 1854, William Morrison, John G. Stewart, James Horning; 1855, George Bell. Joseph Forrest, Jacob C. Miller; 1856, Thomas Stewart, Wil liam Oaks; 1857, Israel Smiley, George Bell; 1858, Gilbert Horn ing, Lee T. Wilson; 1859, Thomas Stewart, Joseph Gibbony; 1860, John Smith, Samuel Myton; 1861, n. J. McCai thy, Thomas Mor rison, Henry Cramer; 1862, William Miller, T. P. Love, Joseph Gib bony; 1863, John Smith, Elijah Cillam ; 1865, Thomas Bell, William Ewing, B. A. Ramsey; 1866, Thomas Bell, John Peightal ; 1867, G. Horning, G. M. Johnston ; 1868, Joseph Forest, John Smith; 1869, golomon Troutwein ; 1870, James M. Johnston, N. Gregory, Thomas Ganoe; 1871, James M. Johnston, N. Gregory, Thomas Ganoe; 1872, Martin Rudy, S. Troutwein, William Couch; 1873, Christian Peightal, A. M. Cheney ; 1874, C. F. Green, J. M. Johnston ; 1875, Samuel Myton, Reuben Duff; 1876, Thomas Crownover, Miles L. Green ; 1877, H. C. Crownover, Robert Wilson; 1878, Samuel Myton, Reuben Duff; 1879, William Coy, Shadrach Cheney; 1880, Henry McCrum, Wil liam Jackson ; 1881, Leonard Rudy, John Archoy, Reuben Rudy, William Gettis. In 1880, when Barree yet included the present township of Miller, there were ten school districts, in «ach of which a five months' school was maintained- The number of males attending was one hundred and sixty-nine, of females one hundred and thirty-three. The cost of tuition for each pupil was eighty-seven cents per month. The total amount levied for school and building purposes was $1751.06. The township contains several fine school buildings, and all the old houses are being gradually displaced by a better class of buildings, which are equal to those in other parts of the county. General Industries and Hamlets.— In the present township of Barree there is but little water-power, and •but few manufacturing interests consequently are carried on, agriculture being the chief occupation of the people. The most important manufacturing in terest ever carried on in Barree was Monroe Smelting Furnace, in the northwestern corner of the township. It was built on Shaver's Creek by Gen. James Irwin about 1845, and was successfully operated by him sev eral years. Following him as an operator was George W.Johnston, who did considerable casting in connec tion, making stoves of the Philadelphia pattern. The metal produced by the furnace was grayish, and was -esteemed superior for casting purposes. The furnace was of the quarter pattern, and had a good capacity, but was unfavorably located for an extensive busi ness. It has not been in blast for the last twelve years, and the property connected therewith is some what dilapidated. It belongs to the Logan Iron and Steel Company. Not far from this locality John Rudy began distilling whiskey in May, 1878, the dis tillery being of small capacity and operated only about five months in a year. The Rudy family also carries on a small saw-mill, and Reuben and Martin have manufactured brick the past four years. In the same section a small saw-mill, operated by John Mc Mahan and others, has long since passed away, and small mills on Herrad's Run have outlived their use fulness. Masseysburg is a small hamlet in the northwestern part of the township, and owes its name to Dr. Mor decai Massey, who resided at this place nearly all his lifetime. It was formerly more of a business point than at present, there being but half a dozen houses and a store carried on by Samuel Troutwein. The first store in the place was kept by Asbury R. Stewart, in a building which has now fallen into disuse, and was opened nearly forty years ago. Intermediate tradesmen have been John C. Walker, Henry Kocher, Silas Hutchinson, John Rudy, Jacob S. Reed, and probably a few others. Prior to this John McCart ney opened a public-house, which was discontinued before 1840. Among the mechanics who carried on their trades a number of years were John Phramptom, William Maffitt, and George Everts, blacksmiths. Manor Hill, in the southeastern part of the town ship, is a hamlet of several dozen buildings, arranged without any attempt to form a village, the place never having been regularly platted. Its name was derived from being located on a hill on Shaver's Creek Manor, which was surveyed for the proprietaries in 1762. Among those who lived here soon after the hamlet had its beginning were the Gettis, Jackson, Stewart, Wilson, and other families. In 1824 there was a tavern kept by William Couch, a blacksmith-shop by John Garver, and a hat-shop by Robert McFadden. Garver was a mechanic here a number of years, and Cyrus Gerhart was a later smith. The first regular store at this place was kept by Joseph Adams, near the present Methodist meeting house. At his tavern stand William Couch had a small store, and Robert Moore engaged in the same business, putting up an addition to that building, in which he sold goods. Another addition made a shoe- shop for John Hagan, where he carried on his trade many years. In the same building merchandised Wil liam Moore, James Lyons, John Love, Smith & Hart man, J. C. Walker, and, at present, Robert Crown over. At the time the Moores were in trade John Cresswell and John Walker each had stores at other stands, and near the Cresswell stand Alexander B. Gillam is at present in trade. Among other mer chants have been Silas Cresswell, Henry Kocher, Wm. Harper, and Andrew Wilson. The first postmaster of the Manor Hill office was John Love, who was succeeded by Benjamin Hart man, and he by John Davidson, the cabinet-maker. Then came J. C. Walker, Andrew Wilson, and the present Robert Crownover. A daily mail is supplied 216 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. by the stage-line from Petersburg. One of the early mail-carriers on this line was Hiram Price, a son of Wm. Price, who lived near Masseysburg. The family was very poor, and Hiram's outfit consisted of an old horse, so poor that it was an object of general ridi cule. This he rode, and with a small fish-horn an nounced his coming to the several post-offices on the route. The family removed to Iowa, where Hiram became a representative in Congress, and later was an Indian commissioner. Among the keepers of public-houses besides Wm. Couch were Josiah Cunningham, Alexander McMur trie, Samuel Hays, L. W. Port, Alexander Wingate, James Carmon, James and Samuel Fleming, and Wm. Morrison, there being no inn in 1881. Saulsburg is a hamlet several miles northeast from Manor Hill, and containing about the same number of houses as that place. The hamlet took its name from Henry Widersall, who set aside some lots for village purposes about 1836. The proprietor was often called simply " Sail, and the change from this to Saul with the word burg added was very easy. At the sale of lots, George McCrum bought the Spring lot and erected thereon a distillery, which was carried on by his son James. John Harper also built one of the first houses, which became a tavern, and, with additions and changes, has been the public-house ever since. Among the principal keepers have been Peter and James Livingston, James Coen, James Fleming, John G. Stewart, George Randolph, Robert Ramsey, and Jacob Hallman. The house by the distillery was also a place of entertainment. No regular public-house has been maintained for some years. Andrew H. Hirst sold the first goods in the place, and among others who subsequently merchan dised there were Love & Oyer, James Maguire, Sam uel W. Myton, James Gillam, John Couch, and, since 1859, Andrew Crownover, occupying since 1871 a fine business house. He is also the postmaster of the Saulsburg office, which was formerly in charge of Job Slack and John Couch. Slack was for many years a wagon-maker in the hamlet, and the ordinary mechanic shops are all at present maintained. In the upper part of the hamlet John Houck established a tannery many years ago, which is yet carried on by his family near Saulsburg. John Scott projected a village which bore the name of Belle Isle. A few lots were sold and a house built, which was after wards removed, the site being deemed unfavorable. It is now a part of the Joseph Forrest farm. In the southern and eastern part of Barree, Dr. William R. Finley was one of the first physicians. He removed to Frankstown, and later to Altoona. Dr. John Rankin followed next as a practitioner. He came from Centre County and established himself at Saulsburg, where he lived until his death. In 1845 Dr. Miller Stewart began a practice at Manor Hill, which was continued five or six years, when he re moved to West Virginia. He was a graduate of Jef ferson Medical College. Dr. Joseph F. Wilson graduated the same year, 1845, and after being at Manor Hill for a period located at Saulsburg, where he has lived more than a quarter of a century. Since 1878 Dr. Richard M. Johnson, who graduated from the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery in 1877, has been established in the practice of medicine at Manor Hill, coming from Mooresville, where he had been the preceding year. In years gone by, among other physicians in the township, were Dr. James Hirst and Dr. Hyskill, the latter being a contemporary for a short time of the present Dr. Wilson. Religious and Educational.— In the history of Porter township in this book may be read an account of the old Hart's Log Presbyterian Church, with which the Presbyterians of Shaver's Creek Valley were connected many years. These members had the same ministry and shared the burdens of a church organization with the Hart's Log members. For the accommodation of The Shaver's Creek Congregation, a meeting house was built oh the Manor about 1790, on a tract of ground set aside for church and burial pur poses, which has been in longer consecutive use than any other ground in the county devoted to the same purpose. There were originally four acres, but owing to an error in locating the new building additional land had to be purchased in 1835 from William Hen- non and James Ewing, making the entire lot more than five acres in extent. On the 23d day of Febru ary, 1805, the congregation became an incorporated body as " The Presbyterian Church of Shaver's Creek Manor," with a board of trustees as follows : Matthew Stevens, David Riddle, James Watson, Samuel Henry, Alexander McCormick, Jr., William McAlevy, Jr., and William Stewart. At this time Matthew Stevens was the pastor, and among the members of the church were Alexander Drummond, Robert McCormick, Al exander McCormick, Sr. and Jr., Samuel Johnston^ George McCartney, James Bradley, Hugh Morrison, William Maffitt, Charles Cunningham, Hugh Tol land, Matthew Gilliland, George Riddle, John Little, Joseph Jackson, John Wilson, Alexander Work, John Stewart, Robert Nelson, John Brown, William McAlevy, Sr. and Jr., James Mcllroy, Patrick Mc Donald, John Magill, James Thompson, Robert Mc Kee, Thomas McKee, John Cree, James Logan, John Christy, Thomas Warren, Samuel Cowen, John Christy, John Hennon, Hugh Watt, Charles Eainey, John Fitzgerald, James Hennon, Matthew Miller, John Rennison, James Belford, Gilbert Chaney, John Forrest, Andrew Dunn, John Cunningham, Thomas Forrest, James Wilson, Moses Forney, Joseph Osburn, Matthew Gilliland, Hugh Tolland, John Stewart, David Gilliland, Sr. and Jr., John Eustice, William Hennon, John Murray, Matthew Cresswell, William Myton, Samuel Myton, Thomas Ealston, John McClure, James Shannon, David Riddle, ana Robert Wilson. BRADY TOWNSHIP. 217 The same year Michael Murray willed a sum of money to the trustees of the congregation, the interest of which was to be devoted for the use of the con gregation " in maintaining the gospel, and the other naif to school poor children in the parish." The congregation of Shaver's Creek Manor has contributed of its membership to form other congre gations, and since 1844 has maintained a meeting house in Jackson township, where the larger number of its members at present reside. At Manor Hill a stone church was built in 1823, which in a repaired condition is yet the place of worship of the members residing in Barree, although meetings have not been regularly held there the past few years. The trustees : of the church property, including the meeting- ; house at McAlevy's Fort, in Jackson, in 1881 were ! James Stewart, James M. Stewart, John B. Smith, 1 Samuel Smith, William Davis, and Thomas Mitchell. : The elders at the same time were Hugh A. Jackson, James Smith, and David McAlevy. This office has 6 also been filled in later years by Alexander Thomp- 5 son, Samuel Mitchell, William D. Black, Robert ! Huey, George McAlevy, and Robert Fleming. 5- The congregation has had the ministerial services « of the following reverend gentlemen, and probably a -' few others for short periods: the Revs. John Johnston, of Huntingdon, James Johnston, of Mifflin County, Matthew Stevens (the first regular pastor), James Thompson, until his death, in 1851, when the con gregation was no longer served with Hart's Log ; Samuel Wilson, David Sterritt, for about fourteen years; Richard Currat), for about eight years; Sam uel Hill, for half a dozen years ; Moses Floyd, about eight years; John C. Wilhelm, W. W.Campbell, and since October, 1878, the Rev. William Prideaux, of Huntingdon. The cemetery by the old Manor Church contains a large number of graves, many being those of the earliest settlers of the valley. It has lately been in closed by a neat fence, and made more attractive in other respects. Manor Hill Methodist Episcopal Church.— In the southeastern part of Barree and northwestern part of Miller among the early Methodists were John Cram, Sr., Cornelius Crum, Christian Oyer, John Chaney, Shadrach Chaney, John Miller, William Couch, Andrew Wilson, Thomas Wilson, Samuel Myton, William Myton, John Myton, Samuel Myton, Jr., Wesley Gregory, Dennis Coder, George Wilson, George McCrum, Robert Logan, Joseph Gibbony, Philip Silknitter, John Wakefield, Solomon Stevens, Mark McDonald, Joshua Green, Elisha Green, and John Green. For the accommodation of these wor shipers a small brick meeting-house was built at Manor Hill, but as the membership increased so rapidly a larger'church edifice was required, aud the brick church yet in use was built about 1837. Re cent repairs have made it comfortable and sufficiently attractive. It is a two-story building, and the lower part has been fitted up for class-rooms and other purposes of the church. On the same lot is a neat cemetery, the whole property being controlled by a board of trustees, which in 1881 was composed of Wesley Gregory, Andrew Myton, J. B. Myton, James Stewart, Carmon Green, Samuel Myton, Samuel Gregory, Robert Green, and H. C. Crownover. The church at Manor Hill was served by the min isters of Huntingdon and other circuits until a new circuit was formed in 1853, which embraced at that time and for many years all the Methodist appoint ments in Shaver's Creek and Standing Stone Valleys. By the formation of Petersburg and Ennisville Cir cuits the limits of Manor Hill Circuit have been very much reduced, there being in 1881 but four appoint ments, namely, Manor Hill, Mooresville, Fairfield, and Donation. The circuit owns a parsonage at Manor Hill, which was controlled by Trustees Joseph Gib bony, Robert Johnston, Thomas Bell, James Stewart, George Myton, Joseph Oburn, and James F. Thomp son. The entire circuit had nearly 200 members, divided as follows: Manor Hill, 61; Mooresville, 75; Fairfield, 23 ; and Donation (in Oneida township), 39. The Sunday-school at Manor Hill had 80 mem bers, and was superintended by Carmon Green. The following have been the ministers of Manor Hill Circuit since 1853 : 1853, Revs. A. Brittain, T. W. Gottwalt ; 1854, Bevs. Elisha Butler, Samuel Creighton; 1855-56, Revs. J. W. Haughawant, Wilber F. Watkins; 1857-68, Bevs. J. A. Melick, James T.Wilson; 1859-60, Revs. A. A. Eskridge, G. F. Gray; 1861, Revs. A. M. Barnitz, J. C. Clarke ; 1862, Revs. W. A. Houck, John Moorhead; 1863-64, Revs. John Moorhead, Luther Smith ; 1865, Revs. John Anderson, James H. McGarrah ; 1866, Revs. John Anderson, 0. M. Stewart ; 1867, Revs. John A. De Moyer, 0. M. Stewart; 1868, Revs. John A. De Moyer, William J. Owens; 1869, Revs. John A. De Moyer, J, A. Woodcock; 1870-71, Revs. William Gwyun, Wesley Ely, William Schriher; 1872-74, Rev. W. A. Clippinger; 1876, Rev. D. Castleman ; 1876-77, Rev. W. R. Whitney; 1878-79, Rev. W. M. Meminger; 1880, Rev. H. M. Ash ; 1881, Rev. J. W. Olewine, Richard Hinkle (presiding elder). CHAPTER XXXIV. BRADY TOWNSHIP. Brady is one of the border townships of the county, situated north of the Juniata River. On the north east, east, and southeast it is bounded by Mifflin County, being separated from it in the latter course by Jack's Mountain. West and northwest is the township of Henderson, and on the north is Miller township. The Juniata separates Brady from Shirley and Union townships on the south and southwest. The township is mainly mountainous, the foot-hills of Jack's Mountain extending far into the interior. Beyond these is Standing Stone Mountain and its attendant ridges, trending in a general northeast to southwest direction. The intermediate areas form small valleys, and embrace also a portion of the noted Kishacoquillas Valley, which may be said to begin 218 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. about three miles from the Juniata, widening from that point in its extent to the lower part, twenty miles distant in Mifflin County. That part of the valley in Brady drains to the southwest, but the principal drainage is to the northeast, and in local terms the former configuration of the land is disregarded and en tirely subordinated to the latter, the course of the valley being regarded as down from its head, despite the direction of the water-courses. The part in Brady is drained by Saddler's Creek and its affluent runs, which form a junction with Mill Creek, the other stream of the township, about two miles from its mouth. The latter rises in the ridges of Henderson, and hav ing a Very rapid descent affords several small but good water-powers. Many years ago it was called Prid- more's Mill Run. There are numerous springs in the township, several of them being strongly impreg nated with mineral properties, among the most noted being a sulphur spring in the northeastern part of the township. The soil of the Kishacoquillas Valley is fertile, resting upon a limestone base, and in this part are some finely improved farms. In other localities the soil is a slaty loam and but moderately produc tive. Sandstone of superior quality for the manu facture of glass is obtained from Rocky Ridge, and iron ore and fire-clay abound in almost inexhaustible quantities. The development of these minerals and the ordinary agricultural pursuits constitute the chief employment of the people. Pioneer Settlers.— The accounts of the early set tlements of Brady are obscure and conflicting. A number of pioneers lived within its borders prior to the Revolution, of whom little can be said. The Prid- more, Vandevender, Eaton, Loudenslager, and several other families were among the inhabitants of that period. The former removed before 1800. The mem ory of the Eaton family and young Loudenslager is perpetuated in connection with the Indian troubles in 1778. It is stated by the historian of the Juniata Valley that these parties lived near the head of the Kishacoquillas Valley, and that in the year mentioned they became the victims of savage atrocity. It seems that young Loudenslager had determined to go to Standing Stone, to join the men then being enlisted by Capt. Clugage for the protection of the lead- mines. With this purpose he mounted his horse and rode unsuspectingly through the gap towards the river, when he was fired upon by a small party of Indians and a white man and very severely wounded. Yet he managed to cling to his seat in the saddle, and reached Huntingdon in a fainting condition. After receiving such treatment as the place afforded it was determined to send him to Middletown, where proper attention might be given him. He was accordingly placed in a canoe to be conveyed down the river, but did not proceed far before life became extinct. The same day that Loudenslager was assassinated the In dians visited the cabin of the Eaton family, and find ing the husband away, took captive his wife and two children, plundered the house, and set it on fire. Before it was entirely destroyed Mr. Eaton reached his home and saw enough to lead him to believe that it was the work of the savages. Quickly mounting his horse he sped to Standing Stone to alarm the garrison and there learned from the lips of the wounded man that his suspicions were only too true. A scouting party set in pursuit of the savages, but failed to find their trail, and although the search was continued for sev eral days no trace of the Indians could be found. Mr. Eaton became a heart-broken man, and persisted in the search of his loved ones, being satisfied that they had been murdered only when their blanched bones were found years afterwards by some hunters in the mountains of Warrior's Mark township. The Eaton house was on the hillside by the spring below the present Eagle Mills. Whether rightfully or not, Jacob Hare, of Hare's Valley, was accused of being the white man who was with the Indians when they fired upon Loudenslager, and the feelings the people entertained towards Hare for his affiliations with the enemies of the patriot cause came near costing him his life. At this time Peter Vandevender was living on the Juniata, on a fine tract of meadow lands, in the locality which became known later as Vandevender's Bridge. He was of Holland descent, moving from New Jersey to Montgomery County, Pa., from there to Virginia, and thence to the above place some time before the Revolution, being attracted thither by the beauty and fertility of the lands along the Juniata. He brought with him a negro slave, and had an Irish servant working for his passage-money. He carried on a distillery, and, owing to the prominent location of his place, his house was somewhat of the nature of an inn, where every one enjoyed the old gentleman's freely-dispensed hospitality. Although not a soldier in the cause for independence, he was an ardent patriot, and thoroughly detested the Toryism of his neighbors, and especially the pronounced sentiments of Jacob Hare. On the day following the events above related Vandevender was attracted to the door of his house by the rattle of a drum in the possession of some of Capt. Blair's Rangers, who were coming up the road on their march in pursuit of the Tory John Weston. Upon their approach Vandevender demanded the cause of the noise, and being told that they were hunting John Weston and his Tory adher ents, exclaimed, " Hunting Dories, eh ? Well) Capt. Blair, you chust go and hunt Jake Hare. He is the vilest Dory in all Bennsylvania. He told Weston he would fight mit him when he came down here with his Inchians." This little speech and the whiskey Vandevender was dealing out freely induced the Rangers to hunt up Jacob Hare at once for the pur pose of castigating him. When they reached his little valley they found him at work* in his barn. A rope was fastened around his neck and the other end thrown across a beam in the building, but before he was seriously injured the soldiers listened to the en- BRADY TOWNSHIP. 219 treaty of Capt. Blair and spared the life of Hare, under promise that he would leave the country. Peter Vandevender was a great hunter, and many stories of his skill and narrow escapes used to be re lated, He died in Brady. Of his family he had sons named Isaac, Abraham, Jacob, and John. His daugh ters married, — Sarah, George Armitage ; Catharine, Samuel Shaver, of Hill Valley ; Rebecca, Samuel Hampson, of Brady ; Elizabeth, a man named Echel- berger, who moved to Alabama, he and his wife going thither on horseback; Dorcas, Alexander Jacobs, of Hollidaysburg; Martha, Peter Swoope, of Hunting don, a hatter by trade, and for many years a justice of the peace. Dorcas received for her patrimony the negro slave, but not liking his disposition, traded him off for a horse and saddle. The sons Abraham and John Vandevender lived and died in Brady, Jacob migrated to Indiana, and Isaac married Mary Enyeart, and lived in McConnellstown until his death, in 1844, at the age of sixty-four years. He served as captain in the war of 1812, and held the office of justice many years. He was the father of John Vandevender, of Walker ; Peter, who was assassinated near Barree Forge in 1763; and of a third son named William. His daughters married Thomas Lucas, James Patton, Charles Geissinger, John Householder, Thomas G. Strickler, John Dean, and Henry Barrick. Caleb Armitage1, a German, after his emigration to America lived at Germantown, but before the close of the Revolution the family settled near the mouth of Mill Creek, and he became owner of the Pridmore Mills. For a time he was an officer in the struggle for independence, but left the service at the time in dicated. He had sons named John, who was born in 1767 at Philadelphia, and lived at Petersburg, but was drowned in the Juniata near Huntingdon. He was the father of sons named Benjamin and Vale rias, who removed to the West. Benjamin, the second son, after living many years in Henderson, died at Huntingdon. Caleb, the third son, married Jane Simpson, of Brady, and settled in that township. His daughters married Joseph Galbraith, Robert Wallace, Samuel Hemphill, William Rung, John Houck, and Sarah remained single. His sons were Caleb and Alexander, the latter yet living in Huntingdon. George Armitage, the fourth son, was in the war of 1812, where he contracted a disease which caused him to be lame for life. He was married to Sarah Vandevender, and lived in Henderson. Of his fam ily, John, elected sheriff in 1844, died at Hunting don; Margaret married John Cresswell, Jr., an at torney at Hollidaysburg. Another son of Caleb Armitage died while a youth. His daughters were Nancy, who married a Mr. Alexander and moved to Western Pennsylvania; Sally, who became the wife of Alexander Powers, and lived in the Kishacoquillas Valley; Jane became the wife of John McConnell, proprietor of the Black Bear Hotel at Huntingdon. He was the father of Dr. James McConnell, of San dusky, Ohio, and of . daughters, who became the wives of David McMurtrie, Augustus Banks, Wil liam Williams, and Seth T. Hurd. Margaret became the second wife of John Miller, Esq., of Huntingdon, the father of Dr. George A. Miller, who lost his life in the Mexican war. His daughters by this marriage became the wives of Albert J. Gower, of Staunton, Va. ; George Welch, of Bellefonte; William Welch, of the same place ; and Judge George Taylor, of Huntingdon. The descendants of the Armitage fam ily became very numerous, and live in all parts of the country. Alexander Simpson, an Irishman, came to Brady some time after the Revolution, living many years near the mouth of Mill Creek, but later made his home on the ridge in the western part of Brady, where he died about sixty years ago. His son Robert married Katie Houck, and moved to McKeesport, Pa. ; James married Anna Goodman, and lived on the homestead until his death iu 1862, aged seventy- eight years. He was the father of Samuel G. Simp son, living in Brady; Capt. William H, of Illinois; David P., of Mill Creek ; John, of Henderson ; James, of Illinois; Dr. George W., of Mill Creek; Alfred, deceased ; and Andrew P., of Brady. His daughters married A. V. Westbrook, of Philadelphia, and E. A. Shaver, of Illinois. Foster, another son of Alexander Simpson, lived in Henderson until his death about forty years ago. His daughters married John Westbrook (of Huntingdon), Caleb Armitage (of Henderson), and William Cope- land (of Wisconsin). The Rev. Samuel Lane was one of the pioneers of Brady, settling on Mill Creek some time about 1790 ; but his residence at Three Springs was many years earlier. The Lane family came from England, and from the parental home in Virginia some of the mem bers found their way to Maryland and later to Penn sylvania. The life of Samuel Lane was mainly given to the ministry of the Baptist Church, and, as its mis sionary, he rode through many parts of Huntingdon County when it was almost an unbroken forest and he had to blaze his own paths to the homes of the poor settlers, who heard him gladly as he preached in their cabins or in the open air. He attained the advanced age of ninety-five years, dying about 1812 on his farm on Mill Creek, which is now owned by Amos Smucker. He was thrice married, and reared twenty-one chil dren, all of whom became heads of families and had numerous children of their own. Of his sons, Joshua moved to Ohio, Jacob lived in Springfield township, Caleb in Maryland ; George lived in Brady, and had sons named Michael, Washington, and John, the latter living in Mifflin ; Abner was an early teacher, and later a merchant at Williamsburg and at Freeport, Pa. ; John moved to Ohio. Of the daughters, Delia married Matthew Hall (of Hender son) ; Sarah, Capt. Levi (of Lewistown), yet living at Milesburg, Pa., at the age of eighty-six years ; Ellen, 220 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Paul Orlady, of Brady, who. was for many years a blacksmith at Roxbury, where the widow now resides at the age of eighty-four years. James Lane was the oldest of the second family of children. He pur chased the old homestead, to which he moved in 1827. He was by trade a miller, and engaged in that business in Brady, erecting several mills. He was twice married, his first wife being Martha Steel, his second Eleanor Postlethwaite, of Henderson, and thirteen of his children attained mature years. He had sons, — Samuel M., who was a merchant in Butler County and in Allegheny City, but is now a citizen of Philadelphia; William S., an attorney at Phila delphia ; James R., a minister of the Dunkard Church, living in Hill Valley ; Frank H., a merchant at Hun tingdon, and candidate for Governor on the Prohibi tion ticket in 1876; Abner P., George W., and John (who removed to the West). The daughters married, —Mary, the Rev. G. W. Hamilton, of Mifflin County, and for her second husband Robert Brown, who moved to Illinois; Eliza became the wife of Isaac Woolverton, of Juniata County; Eleanor, of John McCarthy, of Brady, who moved to Mifflin County ; Martha Jane, of John Allison, of Henderson, who moved to Illi nois ; Hannah Isabella, of William Porter, of Hen derson, who moved to the same State ; and Sarah, who married John E. Smucker, of Brady, and lives in Huntingdon. On Mill Creek, above the Lanes, lived the Hall family, of which Adam was a son, dying some time about 1809. His daughters married Samuel M. Lane and William Buchanan. The farm was afterwards occupied by John Hampson, who died on the place, and his wife at Huntingdon at the age of ninety years. They had a large family, among the sons being Evans and John, the latter living in Union township opposite Mill Creek. He was the father of James K. Hampson, for many years the keeper of the public-house at the village of Mill Creek. In the same neighborhood lived John and Israel Smiley, the latter afterwards settling on Murray's Run. George Snack lived near the Lane school-house many years, but becoming reduced in circumstances, was taken to the almshouse, from which he wandered a few years ago and perished, being more than ninety years of age. James Miller, a tailor by trade, and a man of more than ordinary intelligence, lived in the western part of Brady. His sons, Thomas and Joseph, yet reside in the county, and James became a governmentofficial, losing his life while on service among the Indians. In the same neighborhood lived Matthew Glasgow, on the farm which was afterwards occupied by Jesse Yocum, the father of Marshall and Lewis Yocum, of Mapleton. Several of the Glasgow daughters mar ried, — Mary Jane, Matthew Postlethwaite, of Hen derson, who removed to Illinois; and Eleanor, John McDonald, of Mill Creek. On a place which had been improved by Adam Hall, on Saddler's Creek, lived William Woolverton, and after his death there his wife removed to Mis souri. He was a miller by trade, yet carried on a large farm. Nearly all his sons became millers John H. removed to Indiana. He was the father of William Woolverton, of Philadelphia, noted in rail way circles. Charles removed to the West; Isaac resides in Juniata County; Washington, Franklin and William removed to the West. Lewis Metz, a native of Lancaster County, settled first in Huntingdon and afterwards in Logan town ship, in the early history of the county, from which place he moved to Ohio. He had two sons, John and Lewis. The latter was a tailor, and died while working at his trade at Johnstown. John was a physician, and settled in Brady on the farm now oc cupied by Samuel K. Metz, in the upper part of the township, but died on the old Jackson farm, in Logan, in 1874, aged eighty-nine years. He was the father of John K. Metz, the proprietor of the " Eagle Mills," of Brady ; of Henry K. Metz, living on the old Jack son farm in Logan ; of Samuel K. Metz, living on the homestead in Brady; of Jonathan K. Metz, livingin the same neighborhood ; of Jacob K. Metz, who be came a physician, and after practicing in Standing Stone Valley and Brady, moved to Allenville, Mifflin Co., where he yet resides. He is a graduate of the Jefferson Medical College. His father, Dr. John Metz, was a physician in the county more than sixty years, having a ride which not only embraced all the township of Brady, but extended across the moun tains on either side of the valley. He was a highly- esteemed and successful practitioner. His daughters married, — Maria, Jacob Shaffner, of Brady; Eliza beth, John Baum, of Dauphin ; Frances, George P. Wakefield, of Brady, but at present living in Logan township. The latter is a son of Eli Wakefield, who occupied a place in the valley which had been im proved by Christian Detwiler. Other sons were Caleb, Robert, and Bennett, yet living in Brady. In this part of the valley Christian Yoder, a Men- nonite, was a pioneer settler. He was a corpulent man, weighing more than two hundred and eighty pounds, and from this circumstance was commonly called " Big Christian." He had a son named Chris tian, who lived in Mifflin County, near the Brady line, moving from there to Ohio. Jacob, another son, lived many years on the Eli Wakefield place, also removing to Ohio, where he was killed by a horse running away. Daniel lived above Roxbury, ana was the only son that died in the township. He was the father of John, Christian, Daniel, and Ben jamin Yoder. Of the daughters, several married Da vid Hostetter and Jacob Zook, of Mifflin County. The settlement of Christian Detweiler, of Quaker parentage, was much earlier. He located near the Sulphur Springs, on the present J. Bennet Wakefield farm, where he died more than sixty years ago. Hi» son Jacob settled on the Joel Kaufman farm, where he reared sons named David, Jonathan, Jacob, and BRADY TOWNSHIP. 221 Benjamin, the former yet living in the township. Christian, the second son, lived near the Mifflin County line, where some of his family yet reside. John Brown, of Scotch-Irish descent, came from Berks County, Pa., after the Revolution, and settled near the head of the valley. His family at that time consisted of his wife and one child, and the journey was made on horseback, over very rough roads, causing the mother at one time to drop her child, fortunately without injuring the boy. This son was named William, who lived on the homestead until his death in 1850, aged sixty-four years. He was the father of sons named John, died in Brady in 1862; James and Samuel, also deceased ; Cyrus, living on a farm adjoining the homestead; and William, living i near Hollidaysburg. The daughters of John Brown, Sr., were never married, and the last of his children i died in January, 1880, aged eighty-nine years. The i Livingston family came about the same time as John l Brown, and although it owned lands in Brady, the .settlement was made in other' parts of the county. ,The Browns were related with them, the Hustons, , Robbs, and other pioneer families of Huntingdon. Jesse Yocum came from Chester Comity and settled ,in Henderson about 1812, keeping a public-house at .the old Fee stand below Ardenheim Station. This jj house was destroyed by fire in 1814. In 1813, Yocum ,i became a citizen of Brady, settling in the valley, where he also kept a public-house. He died in that ,, locality a few years ago, more than ninety years of age. Several of his sons yet reside in that neighbor- t. hood, where the Oatenkirk, Shoup, and Ross families ¦ were also among the early settlers. John Ross, a son : of Joseph Ross, is now a citizen of that part of the township. Some time about 1800, Michael Speck settled on Jack's Mountain, several miles from Mill Creek. Here he planted a peach orchard, containing a large number of trees, some of which are yet in bearing condition. He had a son named Martin, who moved to Juniata township, where he reared a large family, among them being a son Abraham, now a well-known citizen of Brady. The daughters of Michael Speck married,— Margaret, Joseph Robinson ; Mary, George Lane; and Eve, Michael Hawn. The latter was a son of John Hawn, who settled near Mill Creek vil lage in 1793, occupying a farm on which was a small barn and a log cabin, erected by an earlier settler. He died Sept. 9, 1805, and most of the family removed to Walker township in 1814, and later to Juniata. Michael Hawn lived in Brady. He was the father of George Hawn, and has brothers living in the town ship at present. A pioneer neighbor of theirs was Abraham Kurtz, who lived where is now the village of Mill Creek. Christian Stover lived farther up Mill Creek, at one time owning the Pridmore Mills, and after him came Matthew Wilson, who carried on the mills a number of years, and reared sons named John, Benjamin, Matthew, and William Wilson. A daughter became the wife of Leonard G. Kessler, who now lives at Philipsburg, Centre Co. Above Jack's Narrows lived Peter Igo, one of the earliest of Brady's citizens, dying in that locality, as did also his son Daniel. Among the citizens of a later period may be classed William Lightner, who was a soldier in the war of 1812. He was born in Berks County in 1796, and was but sixteen years of age when he enlisted. He came to Brady in 1820, and has since resided there, both he and his wife being among the oldest inhab itants. The Goodman family came from the same county about the same period, and some of its mem bers became actively identified with the milling in terests of the township. Jacob Goodman died in the Kishacoquillas Valley. He was the father of John Goodman, of Roxbury, and of Dr. Edward Good man, of Altoorta. As early as 1780, James Kelley settled on the Stack- house farm in Brady, coming from Maryland. He died on that farm, but his sons and their families re moved to the West. Stephen Kelley, a half-brother of James, settled on Pike Run, in Henderson town ship. The names of other pioneers appear in the assessment of Huntingdon township in 1788 and 1802, and of Henderson in 1820. Mordecai Gosnell commenced an improvement on the tract of land that included the mouth of Mill Creek in the spring of 1766, and was residing there when the official survey was made on the 20th of June of that year. This family name is often incorrectly pro nounced Goslin. The stream now known as Mill Creek was designated by the early residents as Goslin Run. The branch that issues from Kishacoquillas Valley was often called Beaver Creek. It was so known as early as 1774. After Joseph Pridmore had built his grist-mill, which stood near the site of the furnace, the main stream was known as Pridmore's Mill Creek, and when Caleb Armitage became pro prietor the name was changed to Armitage's Mill Creek. ' John Haun, of Juniata township, mentioned above, in a conversation with the writer Aug. 7, 1871, de tailed his early experiences in Brady. From his state ment the following facts are noted: The Haun1 family, consisting of the father John, Juliana, his wife, Jacob, a son born Oct. 22, 1789, and John (the narrator), second son, born Aug. 3, 1791, moved in a wagon from Codorus township, York Co., in 1793, and set tled on the Mill Creek farm owned by John Wartz. The dwelling-house was within Pridmore's fort ; the stumps of the stockades were yet visible, and some of the block-houses remained; one of, them was used to shelter the " shaving-horse." This fort included the ground on which Norris' hotel now stands. Wartz lived in the house that stood below the lower 1 The Juniata family spell the name Haun, while those in Brady write it Hawn. 222 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. end of the village. He knew Joseph Eaton, the sur veyor, who was a tall man ; his wife's name was Bathsheba, and his step-mother (wife of David Eaton) was called "Betty," whence the name of "Betty Eaton's Spring," applied to the stream that issues from Rocky Ridge near where the family lived. He was under the impression her maiden name was Razor. David Eaton was the first man buried at Mill Creek. John Cadwallader, of Huntingdon, who then owned " Sugar Grove/' had a saw-mill erected on Mill Creek between the turnpike and the river. A man named Smith was the millwright, and was assisted by Benja min Armitage. The mill was leased and run by Andrew Chambers. The cotemporaneous settlers of the township were Caleb Armitage, James Kelley, who lived on Flush Run, Peter Vandevander, Jacob Hare, on the Plow man farm, who afterwards moved to Ohio, James Hampson, and Charles Kelley and Samuel Lane, up the creek; John and James Williamson, John Dorland, Stephen Kelley, Capt. John Fee, at the "Burnt House;" Jesse Adams and William Grady lived in Henderson. In 1847 the property-owners and citizens of the newly-formed township of Brady were as follows, the figures opposite their names indicating the number of acres of land each one owned : Acres. Allison, Robert K. (tan-yard) 37 Allison, Juhn (tenant) Allen, Ri'bert (tenant) Brown, William 75 Buchanan, William (tavern).. 67 BoggB, Jiinies (tenant) Bard, J nines (tenant) Burns, James (tenant) Bailey, Israel (tenant; Barton, John (tenant) Byler, Joseph 60 Buchanan, Washington Coblatitz, Henry 22 Carroll, Juhn (tenant) Calombine, Anthony Cramer, John Calumhine, Abiaham Cornelius, Samuel D Cottrell, J. F 8 Campbell, John A 233 Campbell, William Daniels, William (tenant) Detweiler, David (tenant) Dillei, Adam Detweiler, Jacob 130 Drake, James, Estate 10 Dachenbach, Win. (tenant) Ely, Bartlett (smith-shop) 11 Eshelman, David 68 Entriken, James, Jr 25 Ely, John 67 Ely, Michael Fleming, James (saw-mill).... 110 Fleming, Martin 113 Foster. David (tenant) Fife, Snnmel 8 Fife, James 14 Garrett, Samuel (shop) 2 Gilliland, James (tenant) Gill, Matthew (tenant) Goodi'ellow, William Giles, John Hooley. Peter 215 Huey, William 30 Haller, Frederick Hampson. Samuel ». Hall, William Harris, James Hawn, Michael, Sr 40 Hartzler, Benjamin (tenant) Hamp>on, James (saw-mil))... 300 Han is, Elian 18 Haller. Philip, Sr. (tenant) Hare, William 184 Irwin, Jiimes (on Igo place)... 133 Irwin, James & Co., lesseeB of Acres. lands belonging to Wilson, Milliken, Duncan, Lightner, ami Warfel (furnace, grist mill, and saw-mill) Johnston, Henry King, Jacob 3l7 King, Samuel 86 King, Solomon 67 King, John W. (tenant) Kelley, James 50 Lane, James, Sr. (grist-, saw-, plaster-, and fulling-mills).. 134 Lane, James R. (tenant) Laulz, Henry (tenant). Luwry, Patrick 140 Laird, George W Laudeuslager, Daniel, Estate Metz, John K., Esq 100 McCarthy, John, Sr 80 McCarthy, Charles 56 Metz, Samuel K 135 Miller, Christian (paw-mill)... 367 Milliken, David (grist-, saw-, aud fulling-mill} 300 Matson, Robert A McCoy, Francis A « Musser, Jacob 280 Metz., Jonathan K 01 McCarthy, John P. (teacher) McCracken, James (tenant) McDonald. James (chopping- mill, distillery, saw-mill)... 107 Mateer, Henry (at Roxbury).. 1J^ Milliken & Kessler 314 Morgan, Thomas (tenant) Moore, Alex. D. (tenant) Miller, Jacob 34 Metz, John, Dr. (physician) Myers, Henry M. (tenant) Newman, John 2% Orlady, Paul yy Piatt. Benjamin 2J^ Plowman, Absalom 200 Palmer, George A. (teuaut) Parshall, Caleb 100 Piper, John Ros*, Richard 2.]A Ruse, Juhn, Jr Robinson, Joseph (tenant) ] Ross, John, Sr. (tenant) Ross, Joseph (tenant) Ross, Christian (tenant) Ross, James go Ritter, David Ritter. John Ross, Thomas Acres. Reed, Thomas 100 Rickert, Nathaniel R Rung, William Shadle, Hiram (tenant) Shadle, Abraham 108 Stevens, George iV Snack, William..... Simpson, James..... 415 Snyder, Frederick Shingler, Joseph Sh an p, Henry Sanders, Jacob 6 Steffey, Jonathan 3 Smiley, John 426 Sharp, Solomon 109 Taylor, James E Tate, John S Tell, Thomas (tenant) Vandevender, Abraham 212 Waddle, John (tenant) Warfel, George (tenant) Woolverton, Isaac (tenant) Whitman, Isaac. ... 'Iii Vatson.John (clerk)... " Wolfkill, Peter ., |™' "" Walters, Anthony ".".'.'.'" '"" Wise, Andrew (tavern) " 9™ Weston, John S. (tenant).. '" leaver, William (sliopV. " "u Wolfkill, John "* ,JJ Wakefield, Eli JJJ Wiley, John F {f Warfel, Henry """ m Yocum, Jesse, Sr .""'* "« Yocum, Jesse, Jr .","," Yoder, Benjamin """ j« Yoder, Simeon \'t[[ 61 Yoder, Daniel, Estate "!" tfn Yoder, Christian gn Yoder, Levi (tenant) ." Zook, David j j'^ Single Freemen. Boggs, Alexander (clerk). McDonald, John. Cupples, William. Cramer, Cyrus. Fife, John. Getz, Martin. Hawn, Michael, Jr. Hawn, Daniel. Hedding, James. Haller, Francis. Haller, Philip. Haller, John. Humphrey, William H. Huey, John. * Huey, James. Kessler, Peter F. (clerk). King, Joseph. Loudenslager, Peter. McCarthy, William. McCarthy, Charles. Metz, Jacob. Metz, Henry K. Met/,, Jacob K. Mealy, Michael (clerk). Miller, William V. Miller, Thomas B. Miller, Joseph. Miller, Joseph H. McCahan, Thomas. Newman, William. Naylor, John. Naylor, Mercer. Parshal, Glasgow. Shudle, Samuel. Snively, George W. Sharp, Jacob. Warfel, James. Wherry, John L. Yocum, John A. Zook, John. In 1880 the population of Brady, including Mill Creek village, was nine hundred and nine. Civil Organization.— Brady became a separate civil body in compliance with the following report: "To the Honorable A. S. Wilson, Esq., president, and his associate, judges of the Court of General Quarter Sessions of the Peace at August Term, 1844 : " We, the undersigned, commissioners appointed by the order of the court to inquire into the propriety of granting the prayer of the peti tioners therein set forth, having met and after being duly Bwora or affirmed faithfully and impartially to perform the duties of our several appointments, do report that in pursuance of said order we went upon the ground in said township of Henderson, and having a county map before us, taking into consideration the great extent of the said town ship, and how inconvenient it is for citizens of said township to meet at any one place to hold their annual election, and to do other business of the township, and likewise the arduous task it must be for an assessor to travel all over the present township of Henderson to assess itaa Bhould be done, or for the collector of the county, State, and other taxes necessary to he collected, it would seem to us a hard task for any one man to perform. These, together with the inconveniences attending upon such a large township, induces us to be of the opinion that the prayer of the petitioners should be granted, and that the said township should be divided, and so far as our power extends we have carried it into effect; that is, we have made a division of said township, and for said division we began on the bank of the Juniata, at a beech-tree a short distance southwest of James Stevens' tavern; thence along the hill northfifteen degrees east, in all seventeen hundred and fifty percneB to a post on the line of West township, a short distance south of John Postlethwaite's house, the division line as actually run being marked on the draft, a copy of which is hereunto annexed. " Witness our hands 13th May, 1844. " William Reed, "James Mdkpht, " Commissioners." "And now, to wit, 25th April, 1846, the Court confirm the report of the commissioners, and order that the new township be called Brady, in honor of Gen. Hugh Brady, of the United States Army." BRADY TOWNSHIP. 223 The following have held civil offices in the town ship: KOAD SUPERVISORS. 1847, Abraham Shadle, John Weston ; 1848, James Lane, James Mc Cracken; 1849, John Wolfkill, Jacob Musser; 1860,Francis McCoy, James Gilbert; 1851, Dixon Hall, Solomon Sharp; 1852, George Hawn, Paul Orlady; 1853, Georgo Hawn, Christian Todev; 1854, Christian Miller, Jacob Shaffner; 1855, J. B. Bradley, T. A. McCoy ; 1856, George Hawn, John Newman; 1857, Daniel Gray, Aaron Smncker; 1858, Philip Haller, John Newman; 1859, David Det- weilir, Philip Haller; 1860, Elijah Wakefield, Jacob Hight; 1801, John S. Weston, Jacob Hight ; 1862, George Hawn, Isaac Oateukirk ; 18G3, Jonathan K. Metz, John McDonald ; 1864, John Newman, John McDonald ; 1865, Christian Detwoiler, Francis Haller ; 1866, Jacob Shaffner, William M. Thompson; 1867, M. Daughenbach, Dixon Hall ; 1868, JameB G. Carothers, H. K. Metz ; 1869, James G. Ca rothers, Joel Kaufman ; 1870-71, William Creigh, S. B. Grove ; 1872, L. Decker, J. Oatenkirk ; 1873, John Talis, J. K. Metz; 1874, John McDouald, W. A. Miller; 1875-76, Jacob Hight, Joseph Rupert; 1877, George Hawn, S. K. Metz; 1878-79, John Robs, James G. Ca rothers; 1880, Abram Speck, Joel Kaufman; 1881, George Hawn, John C. Himes. AUDITORS. 1847, William Brown, William Buchanan, J. R. McCartney ; 1848, John Watson; 1849, James McDonald; 1850, Henry L. McCarthy ; 1851, Leonard G. Kessler; 1852, James Templeton; 1853, John P. Mc Carthy; 1854, Peter Kessler; 1855, W.C. McCauley, 185C,JamesK. Hampson; 1857, Jacob MuBser ; 1858, John C. Watson ; 1859, Joseph McCracken ; 1860, John A. Campbell, J. K. Metz, George Eby, Jacob Shaffner; 1861, George Eby; 1862, Joseph D. Stackhonse ; 1863, John A. Campbell; 1864, George Eby; 1865, Edward A Green, Jonathan K. Metz ; 1866, Jonathan K. Metz ; 1867, M. L. Shaffner ; 1868, B. R. Foust ; 1869, Isaac Oatenkirk ; 1870-71, Benjamin R. Foust ; 1872, J. D. Goodman; 1873, C. D. Brown; 1874, B. R. Foust; 1875, Jacob Goodman; 1876, John Huey; 1877, J. B. Wakefield; 1878, B. R. Foust, H. Z. Metcalf ; 1879, James Huey ; 1880, Thomas Gettis ; 1881, J. G. Allison. General Industries. — The water-power of Mill Creek was utilized before the war of the Revolu tion to operate a small grist-mill for Joseph Prid more. It stood near where is now Mill Creek Fur nace, and was probably not kept up more than a few years. Christian Stover next made some improve ments, whereby the water-power on the same stream below was made to operate grist- and saw-mills, which were listed as his property as early as the organiza tion of the county. The house he occupied stood near what is yet called Stover's Spring, above Mill Creek school-house. Matthew Wilson was a later owner of the property, and from him it passed into the hands of the furnace company about 1838. The present mill has been repaired several times, but re mains in essentials as built by Wilson eighty years ago. It is now owned and operated by the Green family. A mile above, Adam Hall had grist- and saw-mills about 1804, and about eight years later began to build a stone grist-mill, but before it was completed died, and the mill was finished by William Woolver ton. After being operated by him and others for several score years it was allowed to go to decay, and nothing now remains there but the ruins of the stone walls. For a number of years other small interests were there carried on. Less than a mile from this point, up Saddler's Creek, were a carding-machine and fulling-mill, owned by John Piper and operated by James Porter when James Lane purchased the property in 1843. The latter put in machinery for grinding corn, built a plaster-mill, and several years later a very good grist mill, the millwright work on the latter being done by Samuel Goodman and his sons. When it first was set in operation it had no superior in the county and en joyed a large patronage. In 1865 the property passed into the hands of George Eby, who repaired the mill and added another run of stones, making four in all, capacitating it to grind two hundred bushels per day. Since 1869 the mills have been owned and operated by John K. Metz, and are designated as the " Eagle Mills." The building is a frame, three stories high, and located so as to afford easy access to its patrons. On the same stream James and John McDonald had a saw-mill and distillery, which later became the property of Jacob Goodman. The latter has long since been discontinued, but the former is yet oper ated to a limited extent. Above that point, on the same stream of water, small lumber-mills were for merly carried on. McDonald subsequently distilled liquor in the southern part of the township below Jackstown for G. W. Thompson and others. In other localities a number of small distilleries were carried on sixty years ago. On Mill Creek the Lane family had a pioneer saw mill, and there Amos Smucker has at present mills for the manufacture of lumber, which are operated by water- and steam-power. Above that point the Hampson family had a saw-mill, and yet farther above is a mill owned by Levi Decker, while in Hen derson, on the same stream, John G. Miles had a small water-power saw-mill, whose usefulness has passed away. Above the furnace mill, Kessler & Brother put up a mill in 1850 for the purpose of grinding the leaves of the sumach-bush and triturating it to a fine powder. It was successfully operated until 1868, since which time the mill has been idle, although the machinery remains in the building. The leaves crushed were gathered in the surrounding country in the months of June, July, and August, and after being shade- cured were purchased at the rate of one dollar per hundredweight. The ground material was sold chiefly in Philadelphia, and used for the purpose of coloring morocco leather. Mill Creek Furnace was built in 1838, above the old Wilson Mills, by Dr. Jonathan H. Dorsey and Gen. S. Miles Green, proprietors of the Barree Forge. It contained one stack with a thirty- two-foot base, had two tuyeres, and was supplied with steam and water blast, the former being seldom used. The site was selected on account of the water privileges, on the line of the canal, and the abundance of wood, which could be used for charcoaling. The ore was chiefly brought from Franklin township by canal and later by railroad, although a quantity of the fossil ores found in Brady were combined with them, pro- 224 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. ducing a metal which had a most excellent reputa tion among manufacturers, and which was used to a large extent to produce imitation Russia sheet iron. John Patton was the first manager, and was succeeded by James Wilson. After the failure of the firm in 1842 the furnace became the property of Gen. James Irwin and Joseph Green, of Centre County, and John McCahan, of Huntingdon, who had Alexander Camp bell as manager. In the course of a year McCahan retired, and his place in the firm was taken for two years by Kessler & Co., Leonard G. Kessler being the manager at Mill Creek and Peter F. Kessler at the ore mines near Spruce Creek ; John C. Watson serving as clerk, but afterwards becoming the manager. This firm carried on operations until 1857, when the re maining stock was placed in the hands of trustees and the business closed up in March, 1858. E. A. Green & Co. again put the furnace in blast in 1863, but after six years' operation blew out, and the fur nace has since been idle. When fully operated about one hundred and twenty men were employed, and the location of the furnace in Brady caused more than forty houses to be built to accommodate the. employes, and made the site of the furnaces the scene of great activity. The metal was nearly all taken to Barree Forge, where it was wrought into blooms, which were shipped to all parts of the country, adding greatly to the excellent reputation of Juniata iron. The fur nace property in Brady embraces about three thou sand acres of land (on which are found two veins of fossil ore, having an average thickness of eighteen inches, and of a quality yielding thirty-three per • cent, of metal), a number of houses, and several mills. Since the furnace has ceased to operate the princi pal industry of the township has been the quarrying and crushing of sandstone for the manufacture of glass. The enterprise was begun in 1854 by Ulrey, King & Co., who shipped the crude stone to Pitts burgh, where, after being reduced, the sand was found to be of a superior quality. Experiments were then made by Mr. King, of Pittsburgh, and Elliott Robley and D. H. Foster, of Brady, with a view to crush the stone at the quarry. A machine was finally devised to be operated by steam-power, which was success fully set in operation iu 1857. Since that time other improvements have been made which enable the pro duction of large quantities of sand annually, the prin cipal processes being stamping and grinding. By the former method the stone is reduced to a sandy condi tion, screened, and shipped in a dry state. When the chaser-mill is used the sand is shipped wet, the pro cess requiring the use of water in grinding. The mill in use by A. P. Burnham at his quarry since 1879 consisted of a large pan of iron, in which revolve two rollers, weighing more than a ton each, thoroughly crushing the rock, which is shoveled into the pan of the size of nuggots. Water is constantly added, and the crushed matter is run upon a revolving sieve which throws off the coarser particles, while the clean sand is taken up by the water on the inside thoroughly washed, and thence passed into a recep tacle ready for shipment. Mr. Burnham employs from fifteen to twenty men. Two other quarries in Brady were successfully worked in 1881, that of the " Juniata Sand Company,'' half a mile below Mill Creek, which employs fifteen men under the mana»e- ment of Thomas Logan ; and B. R. Foust's, at the old Elliott Robley quarry, which has been under the present management since 1875, and which employs twenty men. A fourth quarry was opened by John McCombe a few years ago, which employed eight men, but which has not been in operation for some time past. The aggregate shipments amount to about two hundred car-loads of sand per month. Near Standing Stone Mountain, where the above quarries are, is a large deposit of fire-clay, which is controlled by A. P. Burnham, on a lease from the owners of the land. Practical tests have demonstrated it to be absolutely fire-proof, its equal not being found in this country. It has not been successfully used for pottery purposes. A limited quantity of clay is being shipped each week. Hamlets and Villages. — The hamlet of Eoxbury is in the upper part of the Kishacoquillas Valley, about five miles from Mill Creek. It consists simply of a few houses along the public highway, and was never regularly laid out, having its beginning from the sale of a few lots to mechanics from the lands of Paul Orlady and others. The post-office here main tained bears the name of Airy Dale, and was estab lished with Robert K. Allison as postmaster. Sub sequently the duties of the office were discharged by George D. Metz, John Goodman, and William J. Wagner, the latter being the present postmaster, The mail service is from Mill Creek several times per week. About 1850, Samuel Secrist opened a store at Eox bury, and was a merchant there about ten years, when he removed to Allenville. The next in trade in that neighborhood was George D. Metz, who has mer chandised a number of years, and is yet in trade. More recently Jonathan K. Metz opened a store which he is yet carrying on. Bartlett Ely has for many years had a blacksmith-shop, and William and Robert Gregory are the carpenters. Robert K. Alli son began a tannery at Roxbury about forty years ago, which after his death was continued some time by his son, J. G. Allison, but for the past few years has been idle. It had but a small capacity, but pro duced good work. Mill Creek is a village of two hundred and eighty-eight inhabitants, situated at the mouth of Mill Creek and on both sides of that stream. The original plot of the village embraced ten lots, sixty- six by one hundred and fifty-four feet, on the north side of the turnpike leading from Huntingdon to Lewistown. It was laid out Oct. 12, 1848, by James Hon. Benjamin R. Fotjst, second son of Anthony Foust, was born in Shirley township, Huntingdon Co., Pa., Dec. 20, 1830. His father was a farmer. Benjamin lived with his parents until he was twenty years of age, when he began an apprenticeship with George Foust, a relative, who was a cabinet-maker at Pleasant Hall, Franklin Co., Pa. After finishing his trade he went to Fredericksburg, Va., where he spent a year in making patent grain fans. He came to Shirleysburg and spent the three following summers at the Juniata Academy, teaching school during the winters intervening. In the spring of 1856 he associated himself with James G. and Col. John A. Doyle in the mer cantile business at Mount Union, Huntingdon Co., and continued with them for ten years; then went to Mill Creek and engaged in the same business. In May, 1856, he was united in marriage with Miss Julia, the youngest daughter of Peter Etnier. Their only child is a son, I. Newton, born August, 1857. During the year 1864 Mr. Foust was financial agent of Shirley township while recruiting to fill the quota for volunteers for the Union army. While thus engaged he disbursed eleven thou sand five hundred dollars in bounties. The incidental expenses attending the securing of thirty-six substitutes were only one hundred and seventy dollars, while many other town ships spent thousands of dollars in the per formance of the same or less work. Mr. Foust's son, I. Newton, attended the academy of Bell Fount and Port Royal. He married Miss Charlotte, daughter of James Willson, Esq. They have two children, I. Newton and Harry, aged three and one year. I. Newton, Sr., is now his father's partner. The firm is B. R. Foust & Son. They are proprietors of the Mill Creek Glass Sand Works, Juniata Steam Flouring-Mills, and dealers in general merchandise, grain, coal, and lumber. In 1878 Mr. Foust was elected as a Green back-Democrat to serve his county in the Legis lature. Has served as school director almost continuously for twenty-five years. He has been active in local politics. Is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. BRADY TOWNSHIP. 225 Simpson, for David Zook & Co., on part of a larger tract of land surveyed June 14, 1786, in pursuance of a warrant granted to Joseph Pridmore March 11, 1786. Additional lots were sold adjoining these and on the other side of the turnpike, but no other plan ap pears to have been recorded. The location of the vil- lage on the canal and the Pennsylvania Railroad made it favorable for a business point, and the place has an active trade from the townships of Henderson, Union, and the Kishacoquillas Valley. Mill Creek Station is about five miles below Huntingdon, and the depot building is spacious and well arranged, while all the surroundings are neatly kept since the spring of 1880. A. M. Menold has been the agent, and this position had been filled for more than ten years previously by A. P. Burnham. Telegraphic and telephonic privi leges are supplied. The village of Mill Creek at present has a large school building, Methodist and Baptist Churches, three stores, a hotel, and a number of mechanic shops. One of the first stores in this locality was kept at Wilson's Mills, by David Snively, as early as 1828 ; and soon after Milliken & Thompson sold goods in part of the " Old Red House," moving from there to the centre of the present village of Mill Creek, occu pying a building which they had erected for business purposes on the lot where now is the store of Foust & Son. They occupied the room before the canal was finished, and had at once a good trade. Subsequently the McGees sold goods, and in 1840, J. & J. Milli ken. In 1845 the merchants were Millikens & Kessler, and later Leonard G. Kessler alone. Subsequently the firm became Kessler & Brother. In 1856, George Eby was Kessler & Brother's successor, and nine years later was succeeded by Adam Hershberger. In 1866 the merchants were Etnier & Foust, who were fol lowed in 1874 by B. R. Foust, the senior member of B. R. Foust & Son, who have been extensively en gaged in trade at that stand since July, 1877. In the upper part of the village small stores were kept as early as 1865 by John Thomas and others, and the building is now occupied by a co-operative store opened in January, 1881, of which J. G. Allison is the manager, the store being in charge of D. Etnier. Near by is a store which has been carried on the past four years by A. P. Burnham, in which is kept Mill Creek post-office, of which Mr. Burnham has been postmaster since May, 1880. His predecessors in the order named have been Jane E. Mehaffy, S. A. Hughes, Perry 0. Etchinson, Isaac Woolverton, John 6. Stewart, George Eby, Lloyd Meredith, Leonard G. Kessler, aud William G. Wagoner. The office has daily mails from points east and west, in addition to an extra daily mail from Huntingdon, and is the dis tributing office for the Cassville region and the Kish acoquillas Valley. Stores have been kept at West Mill Creek, in addi tion to the one named as having been in the "Red House," by Washington Buchanan and Jesse Dif- 15 fenbach. At the furnace small stores have usually been kept by the proprietors of the works, and at Jack's Narrows, near the old tavern stand. Wash ington Buchanan was in trade a short* time. The tavern was long kept by Andrew Wise, and enjoyed the distinction of being a local stopping-point in canal and turnpike times, where packet and stage- horses were changed. The predecessors of Wise were John Houck and Thomas Wallace. The house was of stone, and nothing but its walls remain to indicate the site. Near Mill Creek public-houses have been kept by Samuel Hampson, Edward and Richard Plowman, James Stevens, William Buchanan, Samuel G. Simp son, and James Kerr, the house at West Mill Creek being destroyed by fire while owned by the latter. In the village proper, among the keepers of the public- houses have been James McDonald, the Widow Hamp son, Adam Hall, James K. Hampson, James Thomp son, Valentine Crouse, Robert Kyle, John G. Stewart, Thomas McGarvey, and Harry Z. Metcalf until 1879. The hotel is pleasantly located, and is a spacious brick building. Among the mechanic shops at Mill Creek were the smithy of Frank Haller, opened in 1851, and con tinued by him until his death in 1880. After 1865 another smith-shop was opened by Adam Warfel, which has been occupied for a number of years past by Isaac Gorsuch, being the only shop on the" east side. On the west side the Simpsons put up a shop, in which Aquilla Long carried on that trade until his death, when Charles Fultz became the blacksmith, and yet continues. Near by Samuel Goodman has a wagon-maker's shop. Others who have been me chanics at Mill Creek have been William Hall, Philip Haller, James Stell, Don Civils, Martin Haller, Rob ert Fritz, George Berkstresser, Joseph Cornelius, and Peter Smith. The latter was the only gunsmith that ever opened a shop to carry on that trade at Mill Creek. The first physician at Mill Creek was a Dr. Chest- nutwood, who came about 1846 and remained a few years. He was accounted a good physician. His successor was Dr. J. M. Haggerty, whose stay here was also limited to a few years, removing thence to the West. The third practitioner was Dr. G. W. Thompson, who removed from this place to Mount Union. His successor was a young man named Dr. J. A. Kerr, who died at Mill Creek in 1868. Dr. I. J. Meals located here, about 1869, and at the time of his death, in June, 1874, had a good practice, being regarded a successful physician. He was a native of Adams County, Pa., and but thirty-three years of age at the time of his death. Dr. Samuel L. McCarthy is a native of Brady. He was born in 1844, and is a son of John R. McCarthy, for many years a teacher at Roxbury. He was edu cated in the common schools, and graduated at the 226 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Jefferson Medical College in 1870, beginning the practice of medicine at Mill Creek the same year, and continuing to the present. Dr. George W. Simpson, a contemporary physician at Mill Creek, is also a native of Brady, and born in 1844. He received his education in the common schools and at Kishacoquillas Seminary, read medi cine with Dr. S. L. McCarthy, graduated from Jeffer son in 1876, and has since been a practitioner at Mill Creek. Educational and Religious.— The pioneer school- house at Mill Creek stood near the spot where are now the churches. It was a small log building, if any thing, ruder than, the cabins of the patrons of the school. It was, nevertheless, kept comfortable from the cold of winter, as there was an unlimited supply of wood close at hand. The school was attended by the Kelley, Wilson, Igo, Woolverton, Robinson, Ar mitage, and Lambert children, and among the teachers were men named Starr, Enyeart, and McCullough. The school at Roxbury, since the free school system has prevailed, has always ranked as superior to the ordi nary country school, and is noted for the number of teachers and professional men it produced. Among the teachers were Jacob Kryder, Henry McCarthy, and John R. McCarthy, the latter two teaching many years. A well-known teacher of a recent period is John Goodman. Among those who were pupils of the Roxbury school who have become teachers were Samuel, Jacob, Rebecca, and Edward Goodman, the latter being at present a physician at Altoona; John, Nancy, Rebecca, Martha Jane, Cyrus S., and Wil liam Brown; John McCarthy; James, Scott, Wil liam, Samuel, Virgil, Willard, and Miles McCarthy ; Henry McCarthy, physician at Petersburg ; Samuel McCarthy, physician at Mill Creek; Alvin R. Mc Carthy, physician at Mount Union ; James Hinua, Jennie Weston ; E. R. Wagner, minister of Lutheran Church ; James H. Wagner, Jennie L. Wagner, Annie C. Wagner, John D. Wagner, M. L. Shaffner, and M. R. Shaffner. The officers of the school board of Brady in 1846 were Dr. John Metz, president ; John A. Campbell, secretary ; and L. G. Kessler, treasurer. The direc tors for subsequent years were as follows : 1847, Solomon Sharp, William Hare, William Brown, Isaac Woolverton, Eli Harris, James Miller ; 1848, Jacob Musser, James Miller ; 1819, Isaac Woolverton, William Brown; 1850, Daniel Detweiler, John' Watson ; 1851, Jacob Musser, Christian Miller ; 1852, John K. Metz, Samuel Sharer ; 1853, John A. Campbell, John Watson, Henry Mc Carthy ; 1854, Jacob Musser, Jesse Yocum, John Montgomery ; 1855, J. A. Campbell, John Vandevender; 1856, Adam Warfel, Churles McCarthy; 1857, John Rupert, Christian Ross; 1858, Dutton Mad den, F. A. McCoy, Chris. Detweiler, Thomas Morrison; 1859, Adam Warfel, John A. Campbell, Jacob Musser ; 1860, James K. Hampson, Chris. Detweiler, Jacob Sharp, Thomas Morrison ; 1861, H. J. Mc Carthy, Thomas Morrison, Henry Cramer; 1862, George Hawn, Jacob Hight, Johu WeBton, Elliot Robley ; 1863, Christian Yoder, G. W. Thompson ; 1864, Jacob Musser, E. A. Green, Caleb Wakefield ; 1865, George Eby, Samuel Grove ; 1866, Jacob Goodman, Jacob Sharp; 1867, John W. Miller, Joseph N. Hamilton; 1868, George Eby, D. H. Foster; 1869, Caleb Wakefield, Isaac Gorsuch, J. M. Stone- breaker; 1870-71, George Eby, D. Etnier; 1872, Felix Smucker, James Huey; Amos Smucker, William M. Thompson, F. Gates' 1874, George Eby, Abraham Wagner ; 1875, James Huey, Thomas j' Gates ; 1876, Amos Smucker, A. P. Burnham ; 1877, Isaac Oatenkirk' H. Z. Metcalf; 1878, George Eby, H. H. Molier, D. Etnier, Frank' Wolfkill, George Hawn; 1879, Cyrus S. Brown, David Detweiler. 1880, Henry Withers, Samuel G. Simpson ; 1881, George Eby John K. Metz. At this period the officers were Henry Withers president ; George Eby, secretary ; and S. A. Hughes treasurer. In 1846 three months' school per year were main tained, in which were employed three male teachers at twenty dollars per month and two female teachers at ten dollars per month. The number of male pupils was seventy-five ; of female, thirty ; and thirty pupils were reported as studying German. The total cost for instruction was one hundred and eighty dollars, or thirty-nine cents per pupil for each month of school. No report of the value of school buildings appears, The township has made commendable progress in matters pertaining to its schools, having in 1881 five school buildings, in which six schools were taught. These houses have an average value of one thousand dollars, and were erected as follows : The Concord building, on the Eli Wakefield place, in 1859, of brick, twenty-four by thirty feet ; the Roxbury house, of the same material and size, built in 1863 ; the Mill Creek edifice, of brick, twenty-eight by thirty-six feet, and two stories high, built in 1870, at a cost of two thou sand five hundred dollars ; the Lane house, a frame, twenty -two by twenty-eight feet, built in 1878; the Centre building, erected of wood in 1880, the size of the house being twenty-four by thirty feet. All the buildings are supplied with seats of the Rankin pat tern, and have good wall boards and other requisites. The schools were maintained five months per year, and were in charge of five male and one female teachers, whose average salary was $24.75 per month. The male pupils numbered one hnndred and thirty; the females, one hundred and twenty-two ; and the average attendance was one hundred and thirty-five. The total amount levied for all purposes was $1126.86. Mill Creek Baptist Church.— As early as 1790 the Rev. Samuel Lane preached in this locality, which was probably regarded as an out-station of the Baptist Church in Trough Creek Valley, of which he was the pastor. .At that time the Rev. Lane was living on his farm on Mill Creek, and the services were held at bis house and in groves, one of his favorite preaching-places being beneath two fine oak- trees which stood not far from the site of the present meeting-house. When the country had become more settled, about 1800, he urged upon his neighbors, re gardless of church distinction, the importance of having a house of worship in their midst, and by united effort a log meeting-house was built on Mill Creek, two miles from its mouth. In this house shortly after was formed the Mill Creek Baptist Church as a separate and distinct body. The con stituent members were James Hampson, Nathan Got- BRADY TOWNSHIP. such, Ann Hall, Mary Hampson, Temperance Brown, Lydia Plowman, Samuel Lane, James Davis, Daniel Brown, Rachel Kelley, and Rachel Davis. In 1 806 were added Peter Cornelius, Rachel Morgan, Eliza beth Corbin, Eleanor Dean, and Mary Kelley; in 1807, William Dean, Mary Lane, William Carson, Hannah Carson, Arthur Smith, and Jonathan Dean ; aDd later there were added George Smith, Jane Smith, Thomas Kelley, Mary Kelley, Rebecca Lam bert, Margaret Briggs, Tillotson Fuller, Esther Kelley, Elizabeth Cornelius, Sarah Sollers, Ann Sollers, Pru dence Sollers, Thomas Thomas, Sarah Cravin, Ann Doyle, Thomas Sollers, Robert Thompson, William Thompson, Amelia Thompson, and Mary Evans, all belonging before 1825. For the next few years the church languished, and was reduced by removals to a small membership. But in 1832 the Rev. George Higgins held a series of revival meetings which re sulted in thirty accessions to the church membership, and once more the society became flourishing. The records of the church indicate that in 1809 Jonathan Dean was chosen treasurer, and in April of that year Samuel Lane and James Hampson, two of the trustees, are instructed " to employ Robert Carter to get the rest of the collar beams and couple the raf ters of the meeting-house," which was enlarged or newly built at that time. In September, 1827, Matthew Glasgow and John Shaw were appointed a committee to procure a drum for the stove. In 1835 a new meeting-house was built by a com mittee composed of John H. Woolverton, W. M. Mc Gee, and James Lane, treasurer. Thomas McGee did the plastering on this building, which in a repaired condition yet remains, being at present used as a house of worship by the Lutherans. In 1838, E. C. Hampson, Asahel H. Brown, and Matthew Hall were appointed trustees. In 1850 the brethren Wray and Yoder were ap pointed to request the Lutheran congregation to re pair the house for the use of it, and on the 29th of March, 1853, " it was voted that the Legislature be petitioned to appoint Samuel Grove, Samuel Sloan, and John C. Watson trustees, with power to sell the old meeting-house at a fair price," the demand for a place of worship at Mill Creek village, which now began to assume importance, warranting such action ; but it was not until 1857 that the present brick house of worship was erected. The year after the house was occupied the church had a membership of sixty-two, of which number seventeen had but recently been bap tized. John C. Watson was the clerk of the church, filling a position which was first occupied by Jona than Dean, and later by Nathan Gorsuch. James Wilson, Thomas Irwin, and Lloyd Meredith were offi cial members. The Sabbath-school had twelve teach ers and forty-six scholars. Ten years later the mem bership of the church was only thirty-two, while the Sabbath-school had but thirty-eight scholars. James Wilson was the clerk, and had as successors in that office J. K. Hare, J. H. Boring, W. T. Boring, and the present (1881) Charles Fultz. The other official members were Trustees W. D. Calabine and M. T. Boring, and Deacons David Hare and M. T. Boring. In 1880 the total number of baptisms reported was two hundred and thirty-one, and the actual member ship at that time as thirty-six. In the summer of that year the meeting-house was thoroughly repaired, and in the fall the Rev. W. P. Hile became the pas tor, serving the church one-fourth of his time in con nection with other churches. Mill Creek Church was admitted into the Balti more Association in 1817, helped from the Juniata Association in 1821, and was admitted into the Cen tre Association in 1834, which connection has since been maintained. The pastors of the church from its organization to the present have been as follows : The Rev. Samuel Lane, for a number of years, prob ably until his death, about 1812, was the first to sup ply the church with preaching. He was zealous in well-doing, rarely accepting pay for preaching, and delighted in Christian fireside conversations, which endeared him to many homes where his visits were always made welcome. He performed hundreds of marriage ceremonies in the new country which con stituted his parish, and usually bestowed half his fee upon the bride. After his decease there does not appear to have been a regular preacher until some time about 1820, when the Rev. J. Davis, who had served in the Revolution, was reported as the pastor. Then came Rev. Jesse Ash, 1825-32; Rev. Thomas E. Thomas, 1836-37 ; Rev. W. M. Jones, 1840-42 ; Rev. W. T. Bunker, 1843-45 ; Rev. A. A. Anderson, 1849-51 ; Rev. J. B. Williams, 1854-55 ; Rev. J. L. Holmes, 1859-61 ; Rev. A. H. Sembower, 1862 ; Rev. T. C. Gestford, 1863-64; Rev. J. W. Plannett, 1865- 67; Rev. S. K. Boyer, 1869; Rev. J. D. Thomas, 1871-74; Rev. George Chappell, 1875-76; Rev. R. C. Black, 1877-80; Rev. W. P. Hile, since the fall of 1880. The Methodist Episcopal Church of Mill Creek. — In 1840 the Methodist class at Mill Creek was under the leadership of Jacob Isenberg, and among its members were Leonard G. Kessler and wife, Mrs. Spielman, Mrs. Buchanan, William Pryor and wife, John Ritter, and a few others, numbering about twelve in all. These enjoyed preaching at stated periods, belonging to a widely-extended circuit. The services were usually held in the school-house, but with the increase of membership measures were taken to build an appropriate house of worship. But this purpose could not be accomplished until 1852, when the church edifice which is yet used at Mill Creek was erected. It is a plain brick house, capacitated to seat three hundred persons, and has lately been placed in good repair. The builders of the church were Jesse Meredith and Matthew Gill, the brick being furnished by Leonard G. Kessler. 228 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. George Hawn and Philip Haller were among the workmen. The graveyard on the same lot is some what neglected. The trustees of the church in 1881 were S. A. Anderson, S. A. Hughes, Anderson Coz- zens, Samuel Prough, and B. R. Foust. Until 1875 Mill Creek was served in connection with Mount Union and Mapleton as a circuit, but at the date given was connected with West Huntingdon ¦in forming a new charge. The ministers since that period have been : 1875, Rev. J. S. McMurray ; 1876 -77, Rev. J. R. Eckert ; 1878-79, Rev. Fred. Roger- son ; 1880, Rev. William H. Dill ; 1881, Rev. C. V. Hartzell. The church has about sixty members, forming a class, led by Anderson Cozzens. A Sabbath-school has been maintained the past fifteen years, having at present a membership of one hundred, and S. B. Hughes for superintendent. The Mill Creek Evangelical Lutheran Church. — Some of the earliest settlers of the township were ad herents of the Lutheran Church, having their mem bership at other points. Later a small congregation was formed in Brady, which had among its members John Piper and wife, John Wolfkill and wife, Michael Hawn and wife, Joseph Camp and wife, and, later, Franklin and Margaret Wolfkill, George Hawn, and Amos Smucker. The ministerial service for many years was in connection with Belleville, and of late with Lick Ridge and McAlevy's Fort, the present minister being the Rev. S. Croft, whose pastorate began July 1, 1881. The congregation in 1881 had some seventy members, and the following church council: Abraham Speck and Amos Smucker, elders; Frank Wolfkill and J. G. Corbin, deacons. The ser vices are held in the old Mill Creek Baptist Church, to which the congregation obtained a right by lease in 1858. It has since been repaired and made more inviting. The cemetery in connection is the oldest in the township, and one of the first persons interred there was Adam Hall. His remains were carried to the yard by an ox-team driven by Jacob Hawn. The Sunday-school, which was formerly held in this house, has been transferred to the Lane School- house, and has Isaac Bagshaw for superintendent. CHAPTER XXXV. CARBON TOWNSHIP. Carbon, so named because of its abundant coal deposit, was erected into a township April 23, 1858. The territory which it includes was taken from the township of Tod, which bounds it on the north. Clay township lies east from it. Fulton and Bedford Counties form its southwestern boundary, and Hope well township bounds it on the northwest. Topography.— The surface of the township is mountainous. In the eastern part three ranges of heights pursue a nearly parallel course northeasterly and southwesterly. They are known as Sideling Hill Wray's Hill, and Rocky Ridge. The northern part of the township is occupied by Broad Top Mountain and is almost a wilderness. Streams. — Sideling Hill Creek runs southwesterly between Wray's Hill and Sideling Hill. Trough Creek crosses the township in a northeasterly direc tion, along Wray's Hill and the eastern base of Rocky Ridge. Cook's Run rises on Broad Top Mountain and runs southwesterly, to unite near Dudley with a small stream from the south and form Shoup's Run, which pursues a tortuous course through the southwestern part of the township, and debouches into Raystown Branch in Hopewell township. Mil ler's Run, Sugar Camp Run, and another stream in the western part of the township unite with Shoup's Run in its course. Highways. — The most important highways in the township are one that passes from New Grenada, in 'Fulton County, to Robertsdale and to Broad Top City, and down the valley of Shoup's Run to Saxton, in Bedford County; another from Wells' tannery, in Fulton County, that passes northeasterly through Broad Top City and into Tod township; and two roads that lead southerly from Dudley and Coalmont respectively. The Huntingdon and Broad Top Railroad enters the township at its southwestern corner, and follows the valley of Shoup's Run to a point two miles above Dudley. The East Broad Top Railroad follows the valley of Trough Creek from the northeastern boun dary of the township to Robertsdale. The coal-mines in the township are opened along the valleys of Shoup's Run and Trough Creek, where the railroads afford transportation for their products. The other portions of the township are very sparsely settled. There are two saw-mills remaining in the township, one on Sideling Hill Creek, and the other on Shoup's Run. Both are, like most of the saw-mills in this region, passing to decay. The township has three boroughs, those of Coal mont, Broad Top City, and Dudley, and several vil lages, the largest of which are Robertsdale and Bar- net. Its four post-offices are Coalmont, Dudley, Broad Top City, and Robertsdale. Pioneers. — Anthony Cook, the founder of the Cook family in the southern part of Huntingdon County, first settled at what is now Broad Top City. The year of his comiDg cannot be learned with certainty, but he was one of the earliest settlers. He took up large tracts of land there, which afterwards became the property of his 'children. His wife was Sarah Elder ; his sons were Isaac, Jesse, William, and John ; and his daughters were Sarah (Mrs. Hudson) and Nancy (Mrs. J. W. Edwards). Of the sons, Jesse and William went West, Isaac and John lived and died on Broad Top. Isaac Cook's children were Isaac, who married CARBON TOWNSHIP. 229 Rachel McClain ; Margaret (Mrs. Benson), Nancy (Mrs. James McClain), and Sarah (Mrs. John Mas- ton). The children of Isaac (2) reside in Tod township. They are Samuel Washington, James Allison, Wil liam McClain, 0. E., and Solomon. Of the descendants of John, only Mrs. Edward Horton and Mrs. Charles Horton remain in Hunting don County. Among. the other pioneers of Carbon were Walter Clark, Philip Barnet and his sons Christian and Philip, Henry Miller, James Crawford, Henry Houpt, Henry Horton, Isaac Miles, William Houck, John White, and Alloway. Most of these came from Maryland at a very early day, and but few of their descendants remain in the township. They were farmers, and when mining land rose in price they sold their farms and removed elsewhere. Tradition says that a few came here during the Revolution, and that some of these were Tory refu gees, who had been guilty of mixing ground glass with the flour that was purchased for the American army at Valley Forge. This was then supposed by them to be far enough away from the " borders of civ ilization" to insure them safety from the vengeance of those whom they had sought to destroy. There were in the township of Carbon about twenty farms, and the owners and occupants of these lived comfortably in the midst of surroundings that would now be considered hardly tolerable. They raised and manufactured nearly all the necessaries of life, and were able to indulge in many of what were then re garded as luxuries. Their superfluous produce was drawn to market on wagons or sleighs, often as far as Chambersburg or Hagerstown, and the articles of merchandise which they required were few. The so- called refinements of modern times had not multi plied their wants beyond their ability to supply them, and what would now be regarded as privations were not then felt as such. They followed the "noise less tenor of their way," lived on the results of their honest toil, were contented and happy. Coal-Mines. — The Old Barnet Mine, at the village of Barnet, was opened in 1856 by Orbison, Dorris, Burroughs & Co., and was worked by them and their lessees during about twenty years, when operations ceased. In the spring of 1882 work was recommenced by the present lessees, P. Madigan & Sons. At first the Barnet vein was worked, but afterward a tunnel was driven to the Cook vein, which is the one now operated. This vein has a thickness here of two and one-half feet, and the heading extends three hundred yards. The capacity of the mine is forty tons daily. The lessees are the superintendents. The Fisher Mine, on the railroad about one mile below Broad Top City, was opened previous to the building of ,th.e railroad. It was worked by Fisher & Miller from 1870 till 1880,. when work was suspended in it during a year. In January, 1881, the present les sees, Reed Brothers, came in possession. It is a drift, opening a quarter of a mile from the railroad, to which a tramway leads. The heading extends into the Barnet vein, which is here two and one-half to four feet in thickness, four hundred and fifty yards. Thirty hands are employed, and the daily output is sixty tons. W. Scott Reed is the superintendent. The same firm is opening a mine on the Benedict property, about one-fourth of a mile below the bor ough of Dudley. The Barnet vein, which here has a thickness of four feet, has been reached through a tunnel of four hundred yards, and preparations for shipping coal are in progress. The daily capacity of this mine will be three hundred tons. This work is under W. Scott Reed's superintendence. The Clift Mine, about one-half mile above Prospect Mine, was opened in 1858 by the Huntingdon and Broad Top Railroad Company, and was operated by that company during three years. It was then aban doned, and was not again worked till March, 1882, when it was leased by W. H. Sweet & Co., by whom it is now operated. Like all mines in this part of Carbon it is a drift, and the heading extends about one-fourth of a mile. Eighteen hands are employed at this mine, and the daily output is fifty tons. The drift opens within a few yards of the railroad. What is known as the Barnet vein is worked. Operations are superintended by Mr. Sweet in person. The following is a brief biography of Mr. Sweet, senior member of the firm of W. H. Sweet & Co. : William H. Sweet was born in Brownsville, Fayette Co., Pa., Oct. 10, 1847. His father, John Sweet, was an Englishman by birth and a miner by occupation, having worked for several years in the bituminous coal-fields of England previous to his coming to America and engaging in the bituminous coal-fields of Fayette County, where the subject of this sketch was born. Like a large majority of miners, Mr. Sweet's earnings were barely sufficient for the support of his large family, and William, at the tender age of seven years, was compelled to go into the mines to assist in the laborious task better fitted for stronger, arms. Here young Sweet learned the first lessons of coal-mining, which in after-years has been of great benefit to him in the prosecution of his business as a miner and coal operator. To add to his already heavy burden, at the age of nine years his father died, leav ing him as the main support of his widowed mother aud her family. As his boyhood arms waxed stronger and stronger his mind began to develop, and his young ambition to become a man among men has been freely realized. For the last twenty years he has been a resident of Dudley and vicinity, in Huntingdon County, and in 1878 he commenced mining and operating in coal on his own account. He is also engaged in the mercantile business in connection with his mines. In the early part of 1880 he associated with himself in the mining and mer-. 230 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. cantile business Mr. George W. R. Swoope, of Hun tingdon, under the firm-name of W. H. Sweet & Co., who are still doing business at Dudley, on the line of the Huntingdon and Broad Top Railroad. In October, 1881, work was commenced by Mr. Sweet on "Defiance Tunnel," on Six-Mile Run, just over the line in Bradford County, which resulted Jan. 18, 1883, in striking one of the richest veins of coal known in the Broad Top coal-fields. To Mr. Sweet, more than any other, is due the tribute of success in the vicinity of Dudley. From the wilderness of wood and brush he has caused to be presented cleared fields, dotted here and there with more than twenty homes of happiness and comfort. His progressive spirit extends to all the section of country around his mines, and in the furtherance of education he has given unstinted aid, and that with out ostentation or vanity, knowing full well its value. He is truly a self-made man, and all that such an one should reap in the harvest of universal regard will doubtless be his. July 4, 1870, Mr. Sweet married Miss Sarah A., daughter of Mr. Jonathan Barnet, one of the pioneers of Huntingdon County. Their children are Jesse Alvin, born March 22, 1871 ; Elsie Jane, Nov. 2, 1872; Mary Ellen, March 30, 1874; James Herbert, Aug. 25, 1876 ; Cloyd Edgar, March 7, 1879. The Ocean Mine, about one-half mile east from Dudley, was opened in 1879, by W. H. Sweet & Co., in the Barnet vein. It is a drift, the opening of which is near the railroad, so that cars are loaded as the coal is taken from the mine. The heading extends two thousand feet. The average thickness of the vein here is thirty-two inches. Fifty-eight hands are em ployed, and the daily capacity is one hundred and twenty-five tons. Prospect Mine, on the railroad, one mile above Coal mont, was opeued in 1857 by the Huntingdon and Broad Top Railroad Company, and was first operated by R. B. Wigton as lessee. The first superintendent was John Whitney. It was subsequently operated by the railroad company, but in 1863, Robert Hare Powel purchased the mine, and operated it for a short time, then abandoned it. In 1881 he recommenced operations here, and the mine has been steadily worked since that time. This, like the other mines in Carbon township, is a drift, and is in the lower seam, which has a thick ness of from three to four feet. A heading into this seam has been driven nearly half a mile, and the coal is brought out in cars drawn by mules. Twenty-five hands are employed in this mine, and the daily output is forty tons. The superintendent is John Palmer. Another drift was opened by Mr. Powel near the first, but forty or fifty feet higher, and located in the upper or Barnet vein. This vein has a thickness here of four to six feet, and this is considered the best coal property in the region. This drift extends about half a mile. It is not at present worked, but is intended. in connection with the Prospect drift, to furnish coke for the extensive furnace of Mr. Powel, at Saxton The coal will be conveyed in cars from the mouth of the drift over a tramway and down an inclined plane to the railroad, where it will be " dumped" iu railroad cars or taken over a side track to the coke-ovens. Coke-Ovens. — Near the mouth of this drift Mr. Powel has erected a set of coke-ovens. This set con sists of one hundred and five ovens, each of which is eighteen feet in length by six feet in height and eigh teen inches wide. They are of the Belgian pattern built of fire-brick from Mr. Powel's brick-yard in Clearfield County. The length of the set is three hundred and forty feet. Each oven is charged with coal from above, through two apertures in the arched roof, from cars which pass over a track from the plat form a short distance from the mouth of the drift. On one side of the set of ovens is a platform to receive the coke that is pushed from the ovens, and alongside of this runs a branch railroad track at such a grade below the platform that the coke can be con veniently loaded into cars. On the other side of the set, or rather at the other ends of the ovens, is a track eighteen feet in width on which runs a " pusher," or machine for forcing the coke from the ovens. This pusher is-worked by an engine of thirty horse-power, which moves along the track from oven to oven and forces out the contents of each in about one minute. This, if done by a man, would require four hours. The capacity of these ovens is one hundred tons of coke per day. Forty-eight hours are required for converting each charge of coal to coke, and alternate ovens are charged and emptied each day, so that when in full operation the ovens are not allowed to cool, but are at once charged on being emptied. At these ovens twenty-five men are employed, though many more would be required but for the convenient location and excellent arrangement of the ovens and the improved labor-saving machinery used. Charles Bradley is the superintendent of these ovens. Cook Vein Colliery.— In 1859, George Mears came to what is now Broad Top City and opened a mine then known as the Broad Top Colliery. This was abandoned six years since. He opened several other mines, one of which, Carbon Colliery, is still worked. He died in 1879, and was succeeded in the business by his sons, J. F., George A., C. A. H., and Harvey J. F. Mears, who operate under the firm-name of Mears Brothers. This firm in 1 880 reopened the Cook Vein Colliery within the limits of Broad Top City borough, This colliery was first opened in 1860 by Blair & Port, and was abandoned when the heading reached a roll in the vein. It is a drift, as its name indicates, in the Cook vein, which here has a thickness of five feet of coal, besides the intervening stratum of slate. The heading extends six hundred yards in this vein. Sixty men are employed, and the daily output is one hundred and seventy-five tons. Harvey J. F. Mears is superintendent. CARBON TOWNSHIP. 231 Carbon Colliery, also within the borough of Broad Top City, was opened in 1872, by the elder Mears, and it is still operated by his sons. The mouth of the drift is seven hundred yards from the railroad, which is reached by a tramway and a self-acting plane. This mine is nearly worked out, and will soon be abandoned. Mears Brothers are opening a new mine one thou sand yards west from the opening of the Carbon Col liery. A tunnel has been driven twenty-five yards, and the mine will soon be in operation. The Cook vein will be worked. H. J. F. Mears is the superin tendent of this work. The following is a brief sketch of J. F. Mears, of the firm of Mears Brothers, coal operators. Dr. George Mears, the father of the subject of this sketch, was at one time engaged in the coal business in Luzerne district, and about the year 1857 he went to Broad Top, where he was identified with the coal operations of that region, in connection with the mer cantile business, for many years, and up to the time of his death, which occurred in July, 1879. He was a man of great integrity, genial disposition, mild and pleasant address, and was highly respected by all who knew him. Jacob Fisher Mears, the eldest of six sons, was born April 29, 1844 ; his educational advantages were limited. At the age of fifteen years he began doing various kinds of work about the coal-mines of Broad Top. When he was eighteen years of age he took charge of the books, and superintended the work about the mines. After his father's death he became sole proprietor of the Carbon and Cook Vein Col lieries, also the mercantile business. In 1881 he gave his brothers an interest in the business. On April 25, 1869, Mr. Mears married Miss Malissa A., daughter of Paul Ammerman, Esq., of Broad Top City. They have four children, daughters, — Maud F., Ada M., Clara D., and Bertha Virginia. Mr. Mears is a gentleman possessed of rare business qualities, strict integrity, and great force of char acter; is social and generous, and commands the respect of every one. The firm of Mears Brothers continues to do an ex tensive business in mining and shipping coal, and in general merchandise. Mooredale Mine. — This was first opened one mile above Dudley, by Paul Ammerman, and worked by him till 1862, when a dip below the water-level was reached, and the mine was abandoned. In 1876, Reakert, Brother & Co. leased the mine, and drove a tunnel through the strata about one hundred yards, till the vein (the Fulton, here called the Cook) was reached again. In 1877 they commenced the ship ment of coal, and the mine has been steadily worked since that time. The heading extends fourteen hun dred yards, and the seam has an average thickness of four feet. It is divided by a stratum of rock from ten to eighteen inches in thickness, making the ag gregate thickness between five and six feet. The mouth of the drift is fifty yards from the railroad. Twenty hands are employed, and the daily production is sixty tons. David E. Conrad is the superintendent. Robertsdale Collieries. — These collieries, which are owned and operated by the Rockhill Iron and Coal Company, are at Robertsdale, on Trough Creek, in the eastern part of the township of Carbon. They consist of three drifts and a shaft. The first drift was opened about fifty years since, and was operated only to a limited extent. In 1873 the Rockhill Iron and Coal Company, which had purchased a large tract of land here, com menced operations in this and two other drifts. The East Broad Top Railroad was at the same time com pleted to this place, affording an outlet for the coal mined. These mines have been worked since that time without a suspension. Two hundred and fifty hands are employed in these mines, and the aver age monthly output of coal is twelve thousand tons. The company contemplate sinking another shaft, and otherwise increasing the facilities for mining coal here to the amount of twenty-five thousand tons per month. James Finley is the superintendent, and Henry R. Shearer the company's clerk here. Villages. — Robertsdale is a village that exists only by reason of the existence of the mines. The houses of which it consists are all owned by the Rock hill Iron and Coal Company, and occupied by their employes. These houses are seventy in number, and are capable of accommodating one hundred and forty families. The population of the village is seven hundred. There is one store here, kept for the ac commodation of the miners, and only such shops as their wants necessitate. There are here four church organizations, though there is no church edifice.1 These churches are of the Roman Catholic, Methodist Episcopal, Presbyterian, and Church of God denom inations. None of these have resident pastors. Of the miners residing here a majority are Welsh, though English, Scotch, Irish, French, and Ameri cans are among them. Minersville is located near the Prospect and Clift Mines. It consists of about twenty houses erected by Mr. Powel for the miners and other em ployes at the mines. Here, also, Mr. Powel has a store, and a shop for the repair of mining-cars and tools. Powelton lies farther up the mountain, above the opening of these mines, and at the edge of a plateau, where Mr. Powel has a large farm. The town was built and is owned by Mr. Powel, after whom it is named. It consists wholly of miners' houses, of which there are between thirty and forty. A school-house has been erected there by Mr. Powel for the miners' chil dren. The following brief sketch of Mr. Powel's life is herewith given : 1 A Presbyterian Church has been since erected and dedicated. 232 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. The man to whom Powelton owes its came and development is Robert Hare Powel, son of John Hare and Julia de Veaux Powel, who was born on the 16th of October, 1826, at his father's residence, Powelton, West Philadelphia. During his early life he was often taken to Europe by his parents, and was principally educated in France and England. In 1848 he left his home and drove from Philadelphia to Trough Creek Valley, Huntingdon Co., to examine and direct the estate owned by his father. Upon this property he resided from 1848 to 1855, and in the interim was married to Amy Smedley Brad ley, daughter of John Bradley, of Chester County. During his sojourn on the above property, Mr. Powel devoted himself to agricultural pursuits, and especially in rearing improved stock, with "which he had great success. He displayed them at various State exhibitions and received many premiums for their superiority, as shown by the records of the State Agricul tural Society. The sheep and cattle were sent abroad in vari ous directions, and it is thought much of the improvement now discernible in the breed of animals in Central Pennsylvania has resulted from his exertions. While occupied as a farmer he acted as a farmer, and was willing to assume the hardships of his position; often he, with his assistants, drove his own cattle and sheep to the Philadelphia market, and when he had com pleted the duties of his errand went to his home, corner of Nine teenth and Walnut Streets, and was always affectionately received by a kind father, who has long since passed away. In 1854 or thereabouts the Broad Top Railroad was projected. He then conceived the idea of entering into coal operations. With a view to this end he exchanged a portion of his land in Trough Creek Valley (which had then been given him by his father) for the coal estate of Henry Miller, on Shoup's Run. The balance of his farm property he disposed of to Messrs. Isaac Cook and John Griffith. With the funds realized from these sales he entered into the coal business. Much exertion was required in the introduction of this new fuel, none of it having previously reached tide-water. Carry ing out his old motto, "that no one should be ashamed of an honorable occupation," he bought a horse and phaeton, and with the aid of two or three peach-baskets, drove from city to city, determined to impress upon the manufacturers the utility of his product. At last he accomplished his end by inducing C. L. Bailey & Brother, of Harrisburg, to buy one car-load, and per suading at the same time C. E. Pennock & Co. and Brooks &, Brother to send their cars to his works to obtain samples of this fuel. For several years he carried on successfully the sale of Broad Top coal. In 1861 the Tyrone and Clearfield Railroad was completed, and Mr. Powel became conscious that it was im portant for him, occupying as he then did the position of the largest semi-bituminous coal shipper in the State, to secure mineral lands along that road. This he did by the purchase of several hundred acres at a point which was subsequently named " Powelton." About 1870 he secured the control of a large body of land in Clearfield County. This he highly improved, and introduced the first underground engine in that region. This estate is now operated under the firm-name of Robert Hare Powel & Co., which, beside himself, is composed of his brother-in-law, John C. Bradley, and his son, Robert Hare Powel, Jr. Shortly before the purchase in Clearfield County, Mr. Powel bought a property on the Youghiogheny River, the coal from which passes over the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and is shipped from Baltimore. It fnay be stated in this con nection that the traffic of Robert Hare Powel & Co. during the past year has reached almost eight hundred thousand tons, and would have exceeded that amount had it not been for the threat ened strike during the early portion of the year. Shortly after the introduction of Clearfield coal, Mr. Powel discovered that the demand for his Broad Top out-put gradu ally diminished ; then he saw the necessity of guarding his interests in that region, and to do so purchased at various times a large extent of ore territory on and adjacent to Tussey's Moun tain, Huntingdon and Bedford Counties. Seeing clearly the future value of this estate, in connection with his Broad Top lands, he invested, year after year, much of his earnings in se curing the necessary quantity of mineral to justify the erection of a blast furnace. In 1879, entertaining the idea that he had acquired all that was essential for the success of this enterprise, he commenced its construction and the development of the iron ores. On the fifty-sixth anniversary of his birthday, Powelton Fur nace (which was built with the most approved appliances) was put into blast amid the congratulations of several hundred people who had voluntarily assembled to witness the sight. Since that time this furnace has been remarkably successful, and is now producing from sixty-five to seventy tons of coke metal per day, of a quality unsurpassed by any produced in this country. This furnace is now managed by E. J. Bird, an English gentleman of great distinction, who was years agocom- missioned by Queen Victoria and the Spanish government to erect furnaces within their respective realms. De Veaux Powel, the second son of Mr. Powel, controls the executive department of this establishment, and displays an ability which warrants its future success, when his father shall no longer be here to guide his head or hand. Mr. Powel, since the age of twenty years, has devoted him self to the development of industrial enterprises. The furnace plant and its connections, it is stated, will give employment to about eight hundred men. When this is taken into consideration, with the hundreds who are engaged in the development of his coal interests, an adequate conception may be formed of his efforts in the development of minerals and in the sustenance of the poorer class. It is asserted by one who has been in the employ of Mr. Powel for many years that he has contributed to the support annually of five thousand people for the past twenty-five years. This assertion was made before the furnace plant was constructed, which must necessarily largely augment the number. Mr. Powel has been admirably successful in the management of his men, who manifest great respect for him. For many years not one strike has originated at his collieries, but the men conneoted therewith have on almost every occasion, during such difficulty continued to work for him until compelled by outside pressure to abandon their posts. Mr. Powell has five children. Hiseldest bears the name of his mother, Julia de Veaux, and is married to S. W. M. Peters, the son of Richard Peters, grandson of Judge Peters, of Philadel phia; his eldest son has his own name; his second daughter is named after his sister and wife, Amy Ida Powell; De Veaux Powel is the next in age, and is the namesake of his great-grand father, Gen. De Veaux, who came to this country, settled in South Carolina, and ultimately moved to the banks of the Hudson River, where he built for himself an elegant mansion. Mr. Powel's youngest son is now'about eighteen years of ago, and is at present studying chemistry and mining engineering, in order to fit himself for his future position in the coal busi ness. This young man has the name of Henry Baring, which was given him to perpetuate the name and memory of his uncle, as well as of the late Lord Ashburton, who married a relative of the family. Mr. Powel possesses great force of character, and is loved by his friends and respected by his enemies, as well as being a liv ing example of the fact that a perfectly successful business can be conducted on strictly honorable principles. Product : Highest Grades of Foundry, Maclilne, Stove, Forge, and Chill Iron. P@WEILT®KI FCUJM1A©!!, SAS5TT®IMf ©[IPF®^® ©©¦, (PA The Property of Robbbt Hark Fowbl, of Philadelphia. EJ. J. Bird, Furnace Manager. General Offices: 424 Wulnut Street, Philadelphia. *rfc|£^ CARBON TOWNSHIP. 233 Crawford, which took its name from the old settler who owned the land there, is on the opposite side of Shoup's Run from Minersville, and farther down the stream. It consists of some fifteen houses, a portion of which are the original log buildings, and many of these are passing rapidly to decay. Barnet, so named after the former owner of . the land here, is a mining village, which com menced at the time operations were begun in the old Barnet mine, near Dudley. During the prosperous times between 1860 and 1870 this village grew till it came to contain about forty houses, Of these many were vacant during the financial depression between 1870 and 1880. In addition to the dwelling-houses now here there is one store. Cookston, a hamlet of fifteen miners' houses, is a mile above Dudley. It was named from Jesse Cook, an owner of coal land here. The population of the township in 1860 was 1511 ; in 1870 (including Broad Top City), 1883; and in : 1880, exclusive of the boroughs, 1393. Besides the borough schools the township has nine i public schools, which were kept during five months | in 1881. The number of pupils instructed in these : schools during that year was four hundred and six- ; teen. Cemeteries. — There are cemeteries in Carbon at ! Coalmont, Barnet, Dudley, and Broad Top City. None of these are incorporated ; they are simply cemeteries by dedication. Civil List. CONSTABLES. ; 1858, William Wimer; 1859, James Dunn; 1860, William E. Heeter; 1861, Alexander Barber; 1862-65, Michael McCabe; 1866-67, James B. Burns; 1868, John Long; 1869, Patrick Dunnigan ; 1870-71, Henry Erode ; 1872, S. B. Donaldson ; 1873-75, Edward Dalton ; 1876, J. Cattle ; 1877, Thomas Mulvihill ; 1878, William Dodson ; 1879-80, Thomas Mulvihill; 1881, John Bolinger. SUPERVISORS. 1858, Samuel Stinson, Jesse Cook ; 1859, Samuel Brooks, Charles Duffy ; 1860, John Hamilton, Samuel Stinson; 1861, Charles Duffy, John Hamilton; 1862, Samuel Brooks, John Dhrein ; 1863, Samuel Brooks, J., Germans; 1864, W. T. Pearson, J, Fagan ; 1865, Joseph Diggins, Michael McCabe; 1866, Martin Mira, Daniel J. Logan ; 1867, Samuel Stinson, Martin Mira; 1868, Martin Mira, Samuel Stinson; 1869, Patrick Dunnigan, Quintin Campbell; 1870, William Carri- gan, Samuel Stinson; 1871, : ¦; 1872, M. Cody, S. Stinson ; 1873, Michael Cody, Luke Hilgrove ; 1874, John Canty, Patrick Sweeny; 1875, Patrick Sweeny, Michael Cody; 1876, John Cypers, A. Black; 1877, J. O'. McLain, Andrew Mbffit; 1878, Christian Dwren, Benjamin O'Neil ; 1879, Jeremiah Sullivan, Christian Dunn ; 1880, Jesse Sullivan, Patrick Sweeny ; 1881, Michael O'Brien, George W. Richardson. Boroughs in Carbon.— Borough of Coalmont. — In 1842 no house stood within the present limits of the borough , of Coalmont. A camp-meeting ground ¦at that time, occupied a portion of the borough. The land was owned by John Berkstresser and David E. Brode. The house was built in the summer of 1843 by Mr. Brodle. It, was a log house, and it now con stitutes a part of the residence of Andrew H. Hickes, near Shoup's Run. No other house was built till 1854, when another log dwelling was erected by John J. Hamilton, and two frame houses by John and Thomas White. Work on the Huntingdon and Broad Top Railroad, which was then commenced, brought hither many workmen and settlers, who came to labor on the railroad and in the mines which then were opened. Between 1854 and 1858 most of the houses in the village were erected. The time of greatest prosperity here was from 1862 to 1865. At that time a New York company was constructing a branch railroad and opening new mines here, and these operations made business very brisk. The vil lage then had three hotels and three mercantile establishments, all of which did a thriving business. The hotels were built and kept, one by Ezekiel White, one by Thomas Fagan, and one, the largest of the three, was built by William P. Schell, and first kept by Frank Reamer. The stores were first kept by Evans Brothers & Co., Ezekiel White, and Berk stresser & Moore. Samuel G. Miller was the first blacksmith who carried on a shop here, and Ezekiel White was the pioneer shoemaker. A saw-mill was erected in 1856 by John Hamilton. The machinery of this mill was a few years later removed to a locality in Fulton County. The people who came here were miners or those engaged in business that was subser vient to the mining interest, and the borough was prosperous in proportion to the activity and extent of mining operations here. From 1864 to 1874 the place maintained its status without much change. The pop ulation during that period was about four hundred. The financial crash that followed was disastrous in its effects on this borough, and in 1876-77 nearly one-half of the houses were without inhabitants. Although the borough has to some extent recovered from this de pression, it has not reached its former prosperous con dition. No hotel is now kept here, and only one store and a grocery. The population in 1880 was one hun dred and seventy-one. Incorporation. — On the 10th of August, 1864, a petition was presented to the judges of the Court of Quarter Sessions, praying for the incorporation of the village of Coalmont as a borough, in accordance with the acts of Assembly in such cases made and provided. The petition set forth, among other statements, that •the. number of inhabitants within the limits of the proposed borough was three hundred and twenty-one. It was signed by Levi Evans and twenty-six other freeholders of the village. On the 15th of the same month a remonstrance against such incorporation was filed, signed by J. Brooks and eight other citizens and. freeholders; of the village. It set forth that a borough government would necessitate increased burdens of taxation, which the inhabitants were illy able to sustain. The grand jury reported favorably on this petition, ¦and on the 22d of November, 1864, the court by a de- .cree constituted the village of Coalmont a borough, and a separate election and school district. _,- > 234 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. The boundaries were described as follows : " Beginning at a post on the northeast corner of the proposed borough, on the Huntingdon and Broad Top railroad ; thence south seventy-three degrees west eighty-six perches to a post at the head of the curve; thence west forty perches to a post at Red Rock ; thence north sixty-seven de grees west fifteen perches to a post; thence north twenty-six degrees west sixty-four perches to a white-oak ; thence south sixty degrees west thirty-three perches to a poplar ; thence south twenty-three degrees east one hundred and twenty-eight perches to stones ; thence south forty-five degrees east thirty-five perches to stones ; thence north eighty-three de grees east eighteen perches to a pin-oak ; thence north twenty-six de grees east sixty perches to a red-oak; thence north sixty degrees east eighty-two perches to a white-oak; thence north thirty degrees west twenty-four perches to the place of beginning. Civil List. — The burgesses have been as follows : 1865, J. S. Berkstresser ; 1866, ; 1867, Jacob Ilaflly ; 1868, Paul Woner; 1869-70, Samuel Brooks; 1861, ; 1872, S. "Brooks; 1873, S,. Reisterer ; 1874, J. A. Hickes; 1875, Thomas Thompson; 1876, L. HngheB; 1877, G. Reisterer ; 1878, John A. Hickes; 1879, G. Reisterer ; 1880-81, Silas Hess. COUNCIL. 1865, John H. Benford, Thomas Richards, John Roland, L. G. Dom, Jacob Hafflins; 1866, ; 1867, Richard Owen, Thomas Richards, John H. Benford, L. Hughes, Owen Fagan ; 1868. G. A. Heaton, Richard Owens, John Richard, John Cypher, David Elsrode; 18p9, Henry S. Isenberg, A. Estep, Andrew Hicks, C. F. Bradly, Richard Owen; 1870, ; 1871, ; 1872, J. J. Wighaman, Thomas Thompson, G. A. Heaton, H. S. Isenberg ; 1872, J. A. Hickes, G. W. Stuller, James Collins ; 1873, J. A. Hickes, G. A. Heaton, G. W. Stuller, Thomas Thompson, Richard Owens; 1874, G. A. Heaton, George Wighaman, J. W. Lytle, L. Hughes, Thomas Wilson ; 1875, J. G. Reistor, George Wighaman, R. Owens, J. N. Barnett; 1876, George B. Kelly, J. G. Reister, G. W. Taylor, John Hamilton, W. H. Barnet; 1877, Silas Hess, A. Hickes, J. G. Reister, L. Hughes, George Wighaman ; 1878, Samuel Brooks, Silas Hess, J. W. Barnet, Abraham Brode, Thomas Wilson ; 1879, Samuel Brooks, J. G. Reis ter, J. W. Barnet, W. S. Hamilton, Amos Hess; 1880, J. F. Reed, W. Keith, J. G. Reister, W. S. Hamilton, Amos Hess, J, W. Lytle; 1881, J. F. Jleice, James Thompson, J. Hess, J. G. Reister, Samuel Hess. CONSTABLES. 1865, James Edwards; 1866-67, John H. Herbert; 1868, G. Wighaman, H. S. Isenberg (high); 1869, George Wighaman; 1870-71, George Megahan; 1872-73, G. Wighaman ; 1874, J. J. Wighaman; 1875, George Wighaman, F. P. Hamilton (high); 1876, Thomas Wil son, G, W. Taylor (high) ; 1877, James Thompson ; 1878, L. W. Flanagan ; 1879, Henry 0. Estep ; 1880, George Struble ; 1881, Henry Brode, F. P. Hamilton (high). SCHOOL DIRECTORS. 1866, Charles T. Bradley, Dr. C. W. Moore, Thomas Hill, Levi Evans, A. Estep, Thomas Thompson; 1866, John Roller, David Elsrode; 1867, John H. Benford, Richard Owen ; 186«, Arthur Estep, Charles H Reed, G. Reisterer; 1869, J. H. Benford, David Elsrode, George A. Heaton; 1870, ; 1871, ; 1872, George Hamil ton, R. Eeister, F. Flegal; 1873, Richard Owens, Paul Wonn, Samuel Brooks, C. A. Heaton ; 1874, Samuel Sutherland, J. M. Bar rett ; 1875, J. M. Shanefelter, Richard Oweus, Andrew Hickes ; 1876, A. H. Hickes, R. H. Crum, H. C. Estep, J. F. Reed ; 1877, J. W. Bar nett, L. F. Flanagan, T. Wilson ; 1878, J. A. Hickes, James Thomp son ; 1879, G. Reister, J. F. Reed, Silas Hess, George Struble, W. S.Hamilton; 1880, J. F. Hamilton, George Gillespie; 1881, James Thompson, H. Brode. Methodist Episcopal Church.— By reason of the death and removal of the members of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Coalmont who were active in early times, the history of that denomination here prior to 1860 cannot be learned. At that time a society existed here, and regular services were held. The denomination was prosper ous till the time of the panic, about 1874, when, by reason of the removal of many of the active mem bers, and the financial embarrassments of that period it declined, and during several years no services were held here. In the autumn of 1881 the society was reorganized with ten members, and worship has been regularly attended since that time. The Methodists never erected a house of worship here. Formerly school- houses were used for that purpose, but Odd-Fellows' Hall has been the place of meeting in more recent years. The clergymen in charge of the circuit of which this society is a part are Revs. Piper and Lloyd. Church of God in Coalmont.— A society of this denomination, sometimes called from their founder Winebrennarians, has existed in Liberty township, Bedford Co., during many years. In August, 1879, a society was organized in the borough of Coalmont, the constituent members of which were Daniel Ab bot, elder ; John A. Hickes, deacon ; Samuel Graffius, W. S. Hamilton, George Donaldson, Mrs. Samuel Donaldson, Mrs. Samuel Graffius, Mrs. Johan A. Hickes, Mrs. Amos Davison, Miss Emma Creppinger, and Miss Belle Kriger. The society has from its organization worshiped in Odd-Fellows' Hall. The pastors have been Bevs. S. B. Howard, Simon Flegal, and the present incum bent of the position, D. C. Jackson. The public school in Coalmont was kept five months in 1881, and was attended by forty-nine scholars. Coalmont Lodge,, No. 561, 1. 0. 0. F— This lodge was instituted March 6, 1860, with the following charter members : Addison Moore, N. G. ; Paul Wonn, V. G. ; Levi Evans, S. ; Jacob S. Berkstresser, Asst. S. ; James Dunn, T. ; William Graham, Andrew Patrick, Ezekiel White, Gervas Reisterer, John L. Williams, Michael McCabe, John Hamilton, Nathan White, Samuel G. Miller, Silas White, Edmund A, Jockler, John A. Osborn, Charles A. McCalip, Henry Nicodemus, and Joseph S. Reed. The lodge first met in what was known as the Ham ilton building, near Shoup's Run. In 1862 a brick building called Odd-Fellows' Hall was erected on Schell Street. This building has a basement of stone and two stories of brick. In the upper story is the lodge-room, and the floor above the basement is used for church and Sunday-school purposes. The present officers are John Sweet, N. G. ; John Morgan, V. G. ; John A. Hickes, T. ; John S. Haffly, S. ; and E. E. Poorman, Asst. S. Borough of Dudley. — In 1859 what is now Dudley borough commenced as a village. At that time the land on which it stands belonged to L. T. Wattson, Orbison, Dorris & Co., and the Hunt ingdon and Broad Top Railroad Company. The completion of the railroad to this point gave to min ing an impetus which resulted in the springing up of a village here. It was named Dudley, after a place of that name in England. It reached its greatest CARBON TOWNSHIP. 235 growth about 1864, after which time it slightly dimin ished in population till 1882, when an increase com menced. Incorporation. — In the summer of 1876 William Brown and thirty-nine other freeholders of the village petitioned the court for a borough charter. The ap plication was approved by the grand jury, and on the 13th of November in that year the-court decreed that the town be incorporated as a borough, and consti tuted a separate election and school district. The boundaries were fixed as follows : "Beginning at a spruce-pine near the old Baruet coal opening; thence up Shoup's Rnu south eight degrees east twenty-four perches to a' large rook on the bank of Shoup's Run ; thence south sixty degrees east one hun dred and thirty-two perches to a stone-heap ; thence south eighty-nine de grees east seveuty-four perches to a stone-heap near the House Colliery opening; thence due south tweuty perches to a chestnut-tree marked for a corner; thence south seventy-two degrees west forty perches to a pine- stump, now a stone-heap ; thence south eighty degrees west two hundred and ninety-four perches to a post near the corner of Jouathan Schultz ; thence by lands of the Broad Top Coal and Iron Company north ten de grees west one hundred and eight perches to a stone-heap at the corner of the inclosed lot of William Brown, Esq. ; thence north sixty-one de grees east one hundred and sixty-six perches to a stone-heap ; and thence south fifty-nine degrees east thirty-one perches to a spruce-pine, the place of beginning." The area thus included is 173.35 acres. The burgesses have been William Brown, 1876; John Palmer, 1878 ; William Stinson, 1879 ; Michael Gorman, 1880 ; Ephraim Mears, 1881 ; and William Brown, 1882. The borough contains thirty-five dwellings, and has two hotels, three stores, two millinery establishments, a tin-shop, two blacksmith-shops, and a railroad de pot. It is the passenger terminus of the Huntingdon and Broad Top Railroad. Its population in 1880 was two hundred and three. Its public school was sus tained during six months in the year 1881, and the whole number of pupils was forty-five. Churches in Dudley. — Up to 1855 no church or ganization existed in the vicinity of Dudley. In that year John Palmer came here and first opened a Sun day-school in a school-house at Crawford. From this house religious services were excluded by the school directors, and afterwards services were held in the railroad depot at Dudley. The efforts thus put forth bore fruit, and in 1866 Mr. Palmer and John White head resolved to inaugurate measures for the erection of a church. To aid in this undertaking the coal op erators in this vicinity contributed coal, which the Huntingdon and Broad Top and the Pennsylvania Railroad Companies carried to Philadelphia free of charge. Of these operators Wood & Bacon contrib uted one hundred tons ; Dr. George Mears, twenty tons; Reakert & Brothers, twenty tons; Newton Sheets & Co., twenty tons; Orbison, Dorris & Bur roughs, twenty tons, and others whose names are not recalled, till the amount reached two hundred and fifty tons. In addition to these donations, L. T. Wat son contributed the site for the church and three lots, which sold for one hundred dollars ; R. B. Wigton, fifty dollars ; and R. H. Powel, one hundred dollars in cash. Thus the church was built, and was dedicated as a non-sectarian house of worship. As such it has since been used by'difFerent denominations with un broken harmony. The Methodist Protestant and Methodist Episcopal denominations, both of which have church organizations here, have principally oc cupied it. The Union Sunday-school, which was organized by Mr. Palmer twenty-seven years since in an orchard, is continued in this church, and its organization has never been suspended. Of this school Mr. Palmer was the superintendent during twenty-three years. The present superintendent is William H. Sweet. Catholic Church. — The first Catholic services in the vicinity of Dudley were held in 1855 by Rev. Father Hayden, from Stonerstown. Mass was first celebrated in a log house on Dudley Hill. Father Hayden was succeeded by Rev. P. M. Doyle, who became a resident pastor here in 1856. He erected a small church building in Barnet. Rev. Peter Hughes succeeded him in 1857. He enlarged the church, and continued his ministrations during a year and a half. Father Doyle returned in the autumn of 1868, and remained till the autumn of 1861, when Father Hughes returned, and remained till 1867. During a portion of this time Rev. Francis O'Shea was his assistant. After them came Rev. William A. Nolan in the spring of 1867. His pastorate continued till the summer of 1870, when he was succeeded by Rev. P. B. O'Halloran, who remained two months, and was followed by Rev. P. G. Herman, who re mained till" the end of 1870. The next pastor was Rev. William A. Nolan again. He continued this time till December, 1871. During this period the church building was destroyed by fire. Worship was then held in the Barnet school-house till an other church edifice was erected on the site of the one burned. This building cost eight thousand dollars. Rev. Richard Brown succeeded Father Nolan early in 1876. During this period the financial depression set in, and its influence was distinctly felt by the church. Rev. James B. Tahaney succeeded Father Browne, and remained from February till August, 1876. In this interval the church was a second time burned, and with it the parochial residence. Rev. J. F. Gallagher came next, and continued till February, 1879, when Rev. John J. Bullion came, and remained till 1880, and was succeeded by the present pastor, Rev. J. F. Tobin. Measures have been taken for the erection of a new church, which will probably be completed during the present year (1882). A Welsh Baptist Church formerly existed in Dud ley, but it has become extinct. BURGESSES. 1877, William Brown ; 1878, John Rolmer ; 1879, M. B. Brenneman ; 1880, Michael Gorman ; 1881, Ephraim Mears. COUNCIL. 1877, J. Shultz, John Palmer, J. S. Hoffley, James Reagan, Patrick Mc- Gowen ; 1878, William Stinson, John Morgan, Patrick McGowan, 236 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Garner Edwards, James Reagon, E. F. Gould ; 1879, D. F. Horton, E. F. Gould, G. G. Gould, John Sweet, M. Corroll ; 1880, F. Stinson, William Leary, E. F. Gould, P. Harrington, I. Leary, James Hooper; 1881, E. F. Gould, J. S. Hoffiey, John Lewis, John Morgan, William Maher, William Leary. SCHOOL DIRECTORS. 1877, J. Fogerty, P. Harlington, Matthew Powell, Luke Hillgrove, John Palmer, J. S. HafHy ; 1878, James Reagan, M. B. Brenneman, E. F. Gould; 1879, John Morgan, Michael Gorman; 1880, E. F. Gould, William Mahn, D. F. Horton ; 1881, W. H. Sweet, A. J. Wright. CONSTABLES. 1877, William Harr, Samuel Stinson; 1878, Samuel Wise; 1879-81, P. Harrington. Borough of Broad Top City. — In 1854 the Broad Top Improvement Company purchased the farm of Miles Cook, and on it laid out a part of the village of Broad Top City. Jesse Cook, whose land joined this on the north, also laid out a portion of the village at the same time. At this time the company erected a saw-mill and commenced the erection of a hotel, which was completed in 1855. From this time the growth of the village kept even pace with the de velopment of the coal interest^ and it reached its height about the year 1861. During eight years from that time it neither increased nor diminished in size, but after 1869 business became less active here as the coal interest declined. The population, however, never diminished to any great extent. In 1868 the village was incorporated as a borough by a decree of the court, which prescribed its boundaries thus: " Beginning at a red-oak, thence south eleven degrees west one hundred and sixty perches to stones ; thence south fifty-nine degrees west one hundred and four teen perches to stones; thence north fifteen degrees west three hundred perches to a sugar-tree ; thence north fifty-five degrees east one hundred and sixteen perches to a locust-tree; thence south fifty degrees east two hundred and forty-four perches to the place of beginning.'' The chief burgesses have been Paul Ammerman, 1869 ; E. J. Jones, 1873 ; Amon Houck, 1875 ; Ephraim Mears, 1876; Jacob Mountain, 1877; William S. Pearson, 1878 ; Amon Houck, 1879 ; George A. Mears, 1880; S. H. Houck, 1881; and W. J. Ammerman, 1882. , The borough contains fifty-eight dwellings and four hundred inhabitants. It has two hotels, one of which has been much patronized as a summer resort, the mountain scenery and healthful surroundings of the place attracting hither many who desire to escape from the dust and heat of crowded cities. There are also two stores, a millinery store and a confectionery establishment, a blacksmith's shop, a gunsmith's shop, a wagon-shop, a cabinet-shop, two churches, and a public school, in which sessions were held during six months of 1881, and seventy pupils were instructed. Of the Methodist Episcopal Church no definite in formation could be obtained by reason of inaccessi bility of.the records. First Baptist Church of Broad Top City,— The first preaching by a Baptist clergyman in Broad Top City was on the 28th of October, 1861, when Rev. William H. Purdy visited the place and preached in the school-house. At that time Paul Ammerman and his wife were the only Baptists here. Mr. Purdy afterwards labored here successfully, and on the 22d of March, 1862, a church was organized under the above title. Of this society Isaac Trout was chosen deacon ; Paul Ammerman, treasurer; W. J. Ammer man, clerk ; and George Evans, sexton. In addition to these, Mrs. Paul Ammerman and David Persing were constituent members. The society worshiped in the school-house till the1 completion of their present church edifice, which was dedicated Nov. 10, 1863. It is a wooden structure,' With a seating capacity of three hundred, and the cost was fifteen hundred dollars. The pastors have been Revs. William B. Purdy, till 1864 ; then T. C. Gessford, till 1866 ; J. D. Thomas, till 1869; J. W. Evans, till 1875; and the present pastor, D. J. R. Strayer. Broad Top City Lodge, No. 579, 1. 0. 0. F.-This lodge was organized Dec. 25, 1865, with the following charter members : S. G. Miller, N. G. ; Henry Cook, V. G. ; J. B. Gussinger, Sec. ; J. W. Ammerman, Asst. Sec.1; John Mitchel, Treas.; W. J. Ammerman, Ephraim Mears, Charles K. Orton, Samuel Pheasant, R. Trout, E. White, William Alloway, James L. Mil ler, L. E. Edwards, O. W. Taylor, W. S. Myers, J, Mountain, Thomas Lobb, Thomas M. Lewis, and Zopher P. Horton. At first the lodge held its meetings in the hotel, but after six months removed to a building which it had purchased, and where its meetings are still held. The lodge not only has no debt but has a fund of two thousand three hundred dollars invested. The pres ent membership is fifty-one. The officers are Wil< liam Preece, N. G.; A. J. Blair, V. G.; W. J. Am-; merman, Sec. ; S. A. Blair, Asst. Sec. ; and A. Houck,'* Treas. The Noble Grands have been S. G. Miller, H. Cook, John Mitchell, W. J. Ammerman, J. N. Sheets, J, Mountain, J. F. Mears, J. W. Ammerman, C. B. Horton, W. T. Pierson, F. Cook, J. D. Lewis, E. Mears, W. B. Carrigan, W. Evans, F. Prosser, James Williams, T. M. Lewis, J. Brown, E. Brown, G. N, Wilkins, D. C. Megahan, B. F. Garret, J. F. Griffith, M. J. McGee, A. Scbult, J. G. Hughes, A. Houck, and J. A. Crewitt. BURGESSES. 1868-70, P. Ammerman; 1881, 1. H. Houck. BOROUGH COUNCIL. 1868, J. W. Ammerman, Henry Cook, J. F. Mears, Joseph Peck, Thomas Cook, Amon Houck, W. J. Pierson, Samuel Wilkins, Casper Reecy; 1869, E. J. Jones, Sr., Amon Houck, C. K. Horton, W. T. Pesnon, Casper Reecy ; 1870, T. Cook, J. F. Mears, J. Mountain, C. K. Hor ton, J. G. Mills ; 1881, Thomas Heath, W. J. Ammerman, J. F. Beenl, Joshua Edwards, C. Reecy, Thomas Wagoner.. -, "I. . A S H STRftT I ! ! ft| 5 1 r:v] ', : 1 ' * i ! I >¦ ! ]* * " ~ " ~ X 5 1 i -i i 6 5 5 \ s S > I 3 - r*lA ¦ » I t. *i'i 5 Sen IS .1 "."¦'-¦ .- -"JlJtO-A-D- " i > { 5 6 s s § s 5 s s *s 4 ^i 5 . § • _t L A U R ¦ L c ^~S s s I s s ¦ S > is 5 ! 5 ' § * § 5' F!T r 5 r 'l« i s t i 5 i t § ! . i 1 1 ^1 ' — t. — CHERRY £ I 8 |j n STRC ET ,5*1* £ i i i O I-—.1 J'l £ S T R C * T ? S fhv'f # \ •A * STREET ii\i Rtn v-r-r-; " f- ii i i i\ I 1 STREET _ : i 1 1 " -^ -4 e j 2 gardens, 3 orchards, 100 acres of Arable land, 20 acres of Meadow land, and 250 of Woodland, in Springfield township. Demise 1st July, 1795. Suit in C. B. to Aug. 1793. Lessee of Gabriel Peterson, William Tucker and Nancy his wife, John Church field and Chris tiana his wife, Hugh Logan. " Duni. "Nov. 4, 1766, Application of Lawrence Peterson for 300 acres on Black Log Creek, including the Turkey Hill. "1767. Survey of 441 a", in the Handwriting of Richard Tea. " Francis Cluggage (Examined on the voire dire). " In March, 1772, 1 fell in with one James Ross below Jack's Narrows He introduced me to Lawrence Peterson, who said he came from across the Laurel Hill to see about the Turkey Hill Tract, which he got from George Croghan for his services. He was going to Robert Cluggage's my Brother, to procure some one to settle on the Land and pay the Taxes. I engaged to see about his business if my brother Robert would not. I put William Win ton on the land to live on it for ten years and if he made valuable improvements he was to be paid for them. The possession had been vacant for ten years before, at least, to my knowl edge. In 1779 defendant bought from Winton, as he informed me and had given him the price of a cow in Continental Money. In 1781 1 told defendant the Land was Peterson's, his claim was notorious in the Country. "X. I mentioned to my Brother what Peterson had said to me. He neither said yes or no. Logan brought an ejectment against me, which was discontinued on 20th of April, 1781. He bound me over aboat keep ing bad fences, and I bound him over for putting his Cattle in my Grain. I have a Warrant for adjoining Lands. " Dens, of John Clark. "Lawrence Peterson was buried in June, 1783, in Westmoreland County. " Depn. of Thomas Hays. " Knew Lawrence Peterson. He removed to Black Log Yalley from Bedford County, " Pro. deft. 2d Nov. 1767. " Letter from Robert McKinzie to Richard Tea, mentioning the ap plication of Peterson, and that he made the same and other surveys for George Armstrong, for which he received an order from him, and charg ing him only 20s. for the making of each survey. Richard Tea's In dorsing thereon as an original paper, proved to have been found among the Office papers of Geo. Woods at Bedford, offered in evidence and objected to. " Per curr. The Evid. may'be well rec'd. It is tantamount to a rec*. for surveying fees, and shews at whose Instance the Survey was made. It therefore establishes an equitable Interest in this Location in Geo. Armstrong. " (No date). George Croghan Mem. of a number of Surveys in his Hand Writing. ' 1 Tract, Col. George Armstrong, Turkey Hill, . . . run out.' "Objected to. "Ruled to be good Evid.; it repels tho Idea that Croghan had pre sented Peterson with this Location. " Gavin Cluggage. 10th Sept. 1762. " Robert Cluggage, my Father, came into this county and bought Land of John Daley, and he said it adjoined Lands surveyed for George Croghan, the Turkey Hill Tract. Daley mentioned this several times at our House. Lawrence Peterson and Thomas Hall were hunting and encamped on the other side of black log creek ; my Father asked them over to our encampment. Peterson I neverheard claim any Title to the Land, tho' he hunted over it with me. About 3 weeks after Jacob Hare erected a cabbin on the Turkey Hill Tract, anu" Daley told him the Land had been surveyed for Croghan and he would loose his Labour. Peter son was alone in the World and hunted about. I hunted with him in 1767 and 1768, but he said nothing of his claim to this Land. He had a cabbin 22 miles off wich he mentioned to me. Wm Winton first occu pied this Land and made a Cabbin thereon, cleared 10 or 12 a"., and set tled on it as Gentleman's Land. I shewed him the spring. He never held under Winton. It was publickly known as Gentleman's Land. "X. Hare never told me that Peterson had Lands there. The first I ever heard of it was from Deft., who said he had found out at Bedford that the Land was Located in his name and belonged to George Arm strong. " 21st March, 1780, Wm. Winton conveys the Improvement to Deft in consid. of £1325. " Depo. of Charley Boyle. " Wm. Henry called on Witns many yrs ago, and spoke of the Tract as Surveyed for George Armstrong. " The Court thought that Geo. Armstrong was shewn to be intitled to the Location and Survey, and Plffs. Counsel immediately Suffered a non suit. " The foregoing is a copy of my Notes on the Trial, and has been com pared with the Original in my possession. "J. Yeates." PIONEER DEED. "Know all men by these presents, that I, William Winton, of Dublin township, Bedford County, State of Pennsylvania, for and in considera tion of the sum of thirteen hundred and twenty-five pounds current CROMWELL TOWNSHIP. 257 money to me in hand paid, at and before tho sealing and Delivery of these preseuts by Hugh Logan, of County of York, and State aforesaid, bath granted, Bargaiued, aud sold, aud by these presents Dotli Bargain and Bell to said Hugh Logan, his Heirs or assigns, nil my Eight, title, Interest, property, Claim, and Demand whatsoever, in and to that tract of land whereon I now Livetb, Lying and being in said County of Bed ford, adjoining Lands of George Cluggage, together with all the Improve ments thereon made or erected, and the grain now in the grown on said premises, and a loom and other articles mentioned in an article of agree ment between me and said Logan. To have and to hold said Improve ments, grain in the grown, and loom aforementioned to said Hugh Lo gan, his Heirs or assigns, me, my Heirs, Executors, or Administrators Bhall and will warrant and forever Defend, aud against no other pirson whatsoever, as witness my hand and seal the twenty-first day of March, in the fifth year of American Independence, and in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty. " Wm. Winton. [Seal.] "Signed, sealed, and delivered in the presence of ''James Carmiohaei.. "Bars. Dotle. "Received the day of the Date of the abuve Indenture of the within named Hugh Logan, the first sum of thirteen hundred and twenty-five pounds, being the full consideration money above mentioned, as witnes my hand and seal. "Wm. Winton. "Testes. "James Carmichael. " Bars. Doyle. " Recorded in the office for recording [Seal of Huntingdon County.] Deeds for the County of Huntingdon, in Book E, page 95, the ninth day of November, A.D. 1795. " And. Henderson, " Recorder." St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church. — This church is located in Black Log Valley, southeast part of the township, near Shade Gap. Services were held in this locality as early as 1765 or 1770 by Jesuits, or Roman Catholic priests, and in the early part of this century a house of worship was erected on the left bank of Shade Creek, on the Turkey Hill or. Logan tract. In 1845 the present substantial stone church was built, costing twelve hundred dollars. This building stands upon the site of the old church. In the same lot with the church is St. Mary's Cemetery, belonging to the parish. The parish is visited monthly by the priest in charge of Huntingdon parish. Present membership, one hundred. Andrew Heage and Michael M. Stair are two of the trustees of the church property, which is valued at two thousand dollars. Union School-House. — This is located two miles southwest from Orbisonia, and has been occupied by the different denominations for over fifty years. Revs. 1 John Ball and Jonathan Monroe held a series of meetings here in the winter of 1837, which resulted I in the conversion of over eighty persons, many of whom lived devoted and useful lives during their so- ' journ upon earth. Occasional services are still held ' here by Methodist and other preachers. i McKendree Methodist Episcopal Chapel.— This ,, chapel is located in the south part of the township, and thus named in honor of one of the prominent , pioneer preachers of Methodism. ; This society was formed in 1832, with the follow- fe 17 ing-named pioneer members : Benedict Stevens, Eve Stevens, Samuel Boher, Hannah Boher, Jacob Boher, Mary Boher, Sally Chilcoate, Alva Chilcoate, Cath arine Chilcoate, and Benedict Stevens, Sr. Just who the first class-leader was is not positively known, but is supposed to be Benedict Stevens, Sr., and in 1850 Alva Chilcoate was leader. The present and only chapel at this place was built in 1843 or 1844, and cost nine hundred dollars. The shingles for covering the roof were made by Benedict Stevens. The pioneer trustees were B. Stevens, Sr., B. Stevens, Jr., Samuel Boher, and Alva Chilcoate. The " McKendree" has been at times connected with Fort Littleton, Mount Union, Concord Circuit, and Shirleysburg Circuit, and is now a part of Orbisonia charge. For list of preachers at this place, see Orbi sonia Methodist Episcopal Church. Present mem bership, thirty-two. The present trustees of McKen dree Chapel are Rev. W. H. Stevens, J. F. Chilcoate, Henry A. Buckley, Joseph McKelvey, and Henry Beers ; Steward, Henry A. Buckley ; Class-leader, Rev. W. H. Stevens, who also holds a supernumerary relation. Mr. Stevens is also superintendent of the Sabbath-school, with an average attendance of thirty- five scholars. Monroe Methodist Episcopal Chapel— Monroe Chapel is located two and one-half miles west or north west from Orbisonia, and named in honor of Jona than Monroe, one of the pioneers of Methodism, who preached in that locality in the early part of this century. Like most other pioneer beginnings of Methodism, the old log school-house was made the sanctuary, also the house of William M. Chilcoate. When Mr. Chilcoate, who was the pioneer class- leader in that society, moved to the Wharton farm, the meetings were transferred to his house. Preach ing services were held in the school-house in the winter of 1837, which resulted in building Monroe Chapel, or Church, in 1838, which has stood the storm for nearly half a century. Among the pioneer members at this place are found the names of William M. Chilcoate, who was a class- leader for nearly half a century, Keziah Chilcoate, Benjamin Rinker, Ellen Rinker, John Smith, Ellen Smith, Levi Heck, Sarah Heck, Samuel Heck, Mary Heck, Andrew Beard, Thomas Robinson, Thomas Long, Rebecca Long, Susan Price, John Hardy, Ellen Hardy, Eliza Stewart, Thomas Kelley, James S. Chilcoate, John W. Chilcoate, Mary Ann Chil coate, Isaac Marlin, William Marshall, Isaac Gorsuch, Benjamin Heck, Rebecca Heck, John Hunt, Susan Hunt, Richard D. Heck, and Mary Miller. Reformed Church of America. — The branch of this church located in Colgate district, three miles northwest from Orbisonia, was organized in the Col gate school-house in 1858 by Rev. S. H. Reed, and was at that time a part of Huntingdon charge or cir cuit. 258 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. The pioneer members were Samuel Grove, Daniel Isenberg, Samuel Isenberg, John Enyeart, and Isaac Enyeart. Previous to 1882 the society worshiped in the Colgate and other school-houses, and in that year built the present brick church at a cost of three thou sand dollars. The preachers on this charge were Steckel, Keefer, and Dole till 1874, when this was sepa rated from Huntingdon, charge, when students and others supplied the people with preaching till 1878, when Rev. J. M. Shick was called and remained till October, 1881, when he was succeeded by Rev. E. H. Wrighter, the present pastor. Present membership, one hundred and twenty. Building committee for church edifice built in 1882 were James Smith, John Enyeart, David Enyeart. Elders, John Grove and Joel Isenberg. Deacons, John Hernkane and Jackson Grove. The average attendance of pupils upon the Sunday- school connected with this branch of the church is forty, with Jackson Grove superintendent. Industries of Cromwell.— Among the numerous mills and manufactories of various kinds through the township not heretofore mentioned are the following saw- and grist-mills : R. D. Heck's saw-mill, located in the southwest part of the township, and the saw mill of J. B. Shenefelt, both on the same stream, and the saw-mill of J. R. Lane, in the northwest part of the township, on Bear's Branch. The tannery built by Bryce X. Blair, and known as the " Gap Tannery," and subsequently owned by J. M. & J. W. Supfer, was destroyed by fire in 1879. There was also a grist- and saw-mill at this place, both of which have been aban doned for milling purposes. There are several other small enterprises in the township, of which we could gain no accurate knowledge. Iron Interests.— For the data for our sketch of the iron interests of Cromwell township we are indebted to Mr. Thomas E. Orbison and Mr. B. F. Ripple, also to Mr. Coons, who furnished a copy of his paper in which Mr. Ripple's article on the iron interests of the township was first published. The pioneer furnace of this township was built in 1785 by Thomas T. Cromwell, George Ashman, and Edward Ridgley, and was not only the pioneer fur nace of Cromwell, but the pioneer west of the Sus quehanna River. It was located on the site of and in the rear of what is now the Franklin House, on Cromwell Street. It had a five-foot bosh and sixteen- foot stack. The motive-power was water from both the Black Log Creek and Camp-Meeting Run, applied to an over and undershot wheel. May 9, 1821, Thomas T. Cromwell purchased from Ruhannah Calhoon the land on which the Rockhill Furnace was built in 1830 and 1831. The tract of land was formerly the property of William Cham bers. In May, 1831, William Morrison and Thomas N. Diven purchased of T. T. Cromwell nineteen acres of this tract, on which they built the " Old Rockhill Fur nace." This furnace had a twenty-eight-foot base wn twenty-nine feet high, and had a seven-foot bosh. The contractor for building the furnace was William Da vis, and the pioneer furnaceman was Thomas Clugage. The property was subsequently sold to Ford & Bell and in 1841 passed by lease into the possession of An drew J. Wigton and John R. Hunter, who ran the furnace for six years. Mr. Cromwell with his well-known enterprise com menced the erection of the "Winchester Furnace" just below the old Rockhill, in 1832, and finished it in 1833, with Messrs. Bracken & Still as contractors and after its completion it was operated for a few years by William Pollock and John M. Allen as partners. From 1845 to 1847 the furnace was operated by Eli Beaty and George Davis, when in the latter year John S. Isett, Samuel Isett, Samuel Wigton, Andrew J. Wigton, and R. B. Wigton became the owners, and in 1864 sold the Winchester Furnace property to Levi G. Learner and Bernard Lorenz, and in 1868 the prop erty passed into the hands of Percival P. Dewees and Lewis Royer, M.D., who sold half their interest to. Roberts & Co., of Philadelphia, in 1871. Among the names most prominently connected with the iron interest of this district, and especially with the Rockhill Furnace, is that of Hon. Percival P. Dewees. Of German origin, and born in Trappe, Montgomery Co., Pa., March 9, 1818, he grew to manhood among the sturdy yeomanry of that grand old county, in heriting from his ancestors, and acquiring from those by whom he was surrounded in early life, that fixed ness of purpose and sterling integrity of character which has placed him in the front rank of the suc cessful business men of his county. His ancestors came from Germany and settled in Berks County, Pa., from whence his father, David Dewees, migrated to Trappe, above named, in 1790. He purchased a farm, on which his family of eleven children were born, and on which both himself and wife passed the remainder of their days. For many years they were devout and consistent members of the Lutheran Church, which was organized by Dr. Muhlenberg in 1743. Percival P. was the youngest of the family, and has now but four brothers and sisters living. He was early taught that one of the divine laws was " to earn his bread by the sweat of his brow," that labor was honorable and idleness dishonorable. His education was obtained at the district school during the winter months of his boyhood, and has since broadened and deepened by observation, and by an active business life. Arrived at his majority he started out in life on his own account. Ambitious to leave behind him at his demise a record of having done something in his lifetime to develop the re sources of the country, — something that would make the world better for his having lived therein,— \^|™ all his worldly possessions in a bundle under arm, he started on foot for the Green Lane Forge, CROMWELL TOWNSHIP. 259 situated in the northern part of Montgomery County, and owned by Gen. William Schall, for whom he clerked four years. On the 21st of February, 1843, he was joined in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Van Buskirk, daughter of Dr. George Van Buskirk, of Pottstown. The Van Buskirks were an old and prominent family and among the earliest settlers of Montgomery County. Miss Elizabeth was born Feb. 24, 1820, and died Feb. 1, 1881. To them were born three children, of whom two died in infancy. The third, Amelia La Rue, is now the wife of Dr. W. T. Browning, and located in Orbisonia, where the doctor has an extensive and lucrative practice. In May, 1843, Mr. Dewees came to Huntingdon County and became manager of the Paradise Furnace, then'owned by Reuben Trexler, of Berks County. Here he re mained until 1847, when he received from the owners of the iEtna Furnace Company an advantageous offer to superintend their business. He accepted their offer, and remained with them eighteen months, when sick ness compelled him to resign his position. We next find him in Norristown, engaged in the nail business with Gen. Schall, with whom he remained thirteen years. In 1863, Mr. Dewees, at the solicitation of the heirs of Reuben Trexler, again assumed the man agement of the Paradise Furnace, and remained in that position until 1866, when, the business failing to be profitable, the furnace was abandoned. During his stay at the last-named furnace he had gained some knowledge of the Rockhill Furnace, which was built in 1830, and up to 1867 had been owned and operated by several different firms. About this time he came to Rockhill and made a careful examination of the property. He satisfied himself that the land con tained valuable deposits of iron ore, and that the sit uation was a favorable one for an investment of capi tal and labor, and he at once, in company with Dr. Lewis Royer, of Montgomery County, purchased the entire property. In December, 1867, he came on and assumed the management of the business. He found Orbisonia a village occupying but one street, and in a very dilapidated condition, while at Rockhill hardly • a building had a roof that would shed rain. There were people ready to work and plenty of stock, but scarce anything with which to feed either the people or the stock. To make matters worse, the winter was a very severe one, snow covered the .mountains to the depth of two feet or more, making the work of cut ting wood for charcoal very slow and unprofitable. But the people must live, and the stock had to be cased for, and all depended upon Mr. Dewees, making a task which caused him sleepless nights and gloomy days, and at times a feeling that it was more than he could endure. These were days that tried his en during qualities, which brought in play and tested the training of his early youth. The spring of 1868 found them ready for business, and in May he made the first blast. During that year it was found difficult to raise ore enough to make five tons per day, and for two years he was putting in shafts and tunnels, in the hope, and with a strong belief, of finding more exten sive beds of ore than had been heretofore discovered. In 1870 his labor was rewarded by the discovery of the rich ore-beds or veins which has led to the present wonderful development of this part of the county, the building of railroads and the extensive furnaces now in successful operation at Rockhill. In 1871, Messrs. Edward and Percival Roberts, of Philadelphia, who were largely interested in the Broad Top coal regions, bought of the firm of Royer & Dewees an undivided one-half interest in the entire business. In July, 1873, the Rockhill Iron and Coal Company was formed, and the property became merged therein, and the Messrs. Royer, Dewees, and Roberts became stockholders in the same. Dr. Royer now owns the store at the mines, while Mr. Dewees operates the store and grist-mill at Rockhill, and now, at the age of sixty- four years, contemplates retiring from all active busi ness pursuits. In politics, Mr. Dewees was in early " life a Whig, and cast his first vote for Gen. Harrison I in 1844rf-On the breaking up of the Whig party he for a time identified himself with the Democratic party. In 1870 he joined the ranks of the Repub lican party, believing it to be the party of progress and liberal ideas, also believing that its legislative enactments were for his best interests, and he is now a sturdy exponent of its policy so far as it is for the best interests of the whole peopie. For many years he has been a school director, and in the fall of 1876 was elected by his party to represent his county in the lower branch of the Pennsylvania Legislature, and served two sessions. He served on the special committee appointed by the Legislature to examine into and investigate the causes of the Pittsburgh riots, was also a member of the committee on corpo rations and railroads and on iron and coal. Mr. Dewees is now and for many years has been a member of the same church to which his parents belonged. The following is the article referred to, published in The Leader of the issue of Friday, Jan. 7, 1876 : " The 1872 session of the Pennsylvania Legislature passed the bill in corporating the Rockhill Iron and Coal Company, with a capital of two million dollars, allowing the company to hold property and own lands in Huntingdon and four or five of the adjoining counties. The next autumn or winter a topographical survey of the lands immediately ad joining Orbisonia on the south was made by Mr. Paddock, a civil engi neer of Philadelphia. On the northeastern part of this survey the town of Rockhill is located, and on the other the iron-works of the company. The company are the owners of about eight thousand acres of land at this point, extending along Black Log Mountain on both sides, running up Shade Mountain to the top, and stuttered at various points along the Aughwick Valley. On their land aud in close proximity to the furnaces of which hereafter, is found botli fossil and hematite ores, limestone and sand. At Rockhill Gap, within a half-mile of Orbisonia, a vein of fossil ore averaging twenty-four incheB in thickness, and extending from water-level up over four hundred feet is opened. On each side of the gap there are two openings at different elevations, the longest gang way penetrating the mountain for a distance of one-half a mile. The underlying vein is twenty inches, and is separated from a smaller vein of six inches overlaying by a parting of fire-clay six inches. The rock beneath the vein is hard sand-rock, and the measures above the vein are Boft shales. The ores on the south Bide are compact, coarse fossil ore reddiBh-brown color, with somewhat laminated structure. The north Bide 260 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. has a hard ore, with numerous auiall crystals of calcite, darker reddish color. They run about forty per cent, iron, with a trace of sulphur, and about one-tenth of one percent, phosphorus. The vein dips at an angle of about seventy degrees towards the north, which is of great advantage over flatter veins in respect to the convenience and cost of mining. The mining is done without powder by picking out the soft clay parting and wedging the benches of ore up and down. Hematites are found within a half-mile of the furnaces, and on Sandy Ridge, two miles north, are several openings. From the main mine comes a very hard and compact, containing considerable ochreous iron ore, dark-brown color, yielding from forty-five to fifty-one per cent, iron, and containing little sulphur or phosphoniB. There is also a hematite vein in crevice of Medinasand- stone on Black Log Mountain which yields largely and seems inex haustible.. They have also opened the Cheet Bank, lying directly under the Oriskany sandstone, Logan Bank in High Valley, and numerous other hematite mines. "The same company are the owners of about eleven thousand acres lying on Broad Top Mountain and in Trough Creek Valley, of which about ten thousand acres may be classed as coal-lands, the rest being covered with valuable timber. * " These lands lie on the east side of the Broad Top coal-fields, and are reached by the East Broad Top Railroad, the terminus being Roberts- dale. The measures are flat but not quite level ; there is a general dip towards the southwest. In addition to this general dip, it appears that Trough Creek is a regular basin, haviug its synclinal axis near the bed of the stream, and its outcrops on the side of Ray's Hill on the east and Broad Top on the west. This formation iB the best possible for mining, as it insures drainage towards the openings on Trough Creek. At Rob ertsdale the company have three mines, and are now shipping to market over four hundred tons coal daily. *' They have a coal-washer, crusher, coke-pits, and store located here, and employ about three hundred bands at this time. "To return to the furnaceB. Messrs. Taws and Hartman, mechanical engineers, furnished the designs and drawings. On the 17th of April, 1873, the centre line of two furnaces was run, and the first ground bro ken in the afternoon of the same day. The construction was under the superintendence of Mr. C. Constable, a civil engineer of New York, who in February last, after the completion of the furnaces, went to Tennessee, where he is now successfully engaged in running the Rock- wood Furnace. " The furnaces are wrought-iron stacks sixty -five feet high, seventeen feet bosh, with a stone stock houBe two hundred and eighty fret long, and two large brick casting houses. There are twenty-four boilers, which Bupply Bteam to two massive engines with four fly-wheels, twenty-four feet in diameter, having steam cylinders forty-eight inches in diameter and eight feet stroke. The blowing cylinders are ninety inches. The engines are direct-acting, low-pressure, and were built at Southwark Foundry, Philadelphia, said to have cost sixty to seventy-five thousand dollars. The gases are brought from the top of the furnace through a large down comer to the boilers and the hot ovens, and there take the place of fuel in supplying steam for the engines. There are four brick hot ovens, each containingforty TJ-shaped cast-iron pipes, through which the blast from the engines passes into the furnace, entering the furnace at eight hundred degrees, and above six hundred and twenty-five being the point that lead is melted. There are five tuyeres, and numerous water-pipe connections. A large reservoir is built on the hill back of the furnaces. A patent air-hoist is used in hoisting the stock. There are forty-eight coke-ovens, twenty-four and twenty-eight inches, on the Belgian plan, each having its own flues. " In the present condition of the country and the state of the iron trade, it is somewhat surprising that a company would start furnaces so large as these, but it is nevertheless so. Mr. H. G. H. Tarr, lately of the Gajlord Iron and Pipe Company, Cincinnati, is the present superin tendent. After filling seven cords wood, fifty tons coke, and other stock, reaching to within eleven feet of the top, the furnace was formally lighted on New Year's day, 1876. There were present a large concourse of people of town and vicinity; the casting-house was brilliantly illu minated. Everything being in readiness, Mrs. Tarr, at 8.23 p.m., after lighting the torch, applied it to the kindling, and lighted No. 1 furnace amidst clapping of hands and applauding. Slie went off nicely from the fi>Bt. Several persons were called upon for addresses. Messrs. B. F. Ripple, H. G. H. Tarr, and W. T. Browning made short speeches. "The blast was put on Monday, January 3d, at 1.10 p.m., and the first cast made Tuesday at 4.15 p.m., producing about fifteen tons No. 2 extra iron. Since this time she has been running very satisfactorily. "The indications are that before long we will be a manufacturing town second to none in tlie State. So may it be." CONSTABLES, 1836, D. N. Carothers; 1837, David Burket; 1838, Hezekiah Irwin- 1839 Daniel Tague ; 1840-41, Robert B. Herr; 1842-43,Felix Logan; 1844* David Etnier; 1845-46, Felix 'Logan; 1847-48, James Folkender' 1849, James Harper; 1850, William Halkenberry ; 1851, David Cor nelius; 1852, John McDonald; 1853, William M. Chilcote; 1854 B F. Chilcote; 1855-56, David Irvin; 1857, B. F. Chilcote; 1858-65 3. Cornelius; 1866, Thomas 0. Cloyd; 1867, John Kelly; 1868, Martin Hammon ; 18G9, Thomas L. Chilcote ; 1870-72, R. T. Starr • 1873-75 J. M. Rodgers; 1876-77, John A. Rodgers; 1878, Adam Whitsel* 1879, D. W. Laird ; 1880, W. H. Hart; 1881, William Lynn. SUPERVISORS. 1837, Eli Wakefield, Michael Star; 1838, ,. 183g ; 1840, William McDonald, Benjamin Bair* 1841, Joseph Cornelius, Johu Bee; 1842, Samuel Stewart, F. Bar man ; 1843* David Burket, Aaron StaiuB ; 1844, George Swartz An drew Gilland; 1845, John Bolinger, Joseph Cornelius; 1846, Isaac Bee,. William Chilcott; 1847, M. Miers, Joel Moore; 1848 Levi Heck, Frederick Harmon ; 1849, Thomas Teague, Joseph CorneliuB' 1850, Joseph Cornelius, Caleb Kelly; 1851, Louis D. Evans, John Bare ; 1852, David Hillman, Louie Evans; 1853, Caleb Kelly, Joseph Cornelius; 1854, F. Hainan, Caleb Kelly; 1855, John Wilson Peter Sechrist ; 1856, A. Wagner, George Price ; 1857, Thomas Turner, A. Robinson ; 1858, George Price, William Jordan ; 1859, Joseph Rhodes George W. Cornelius; 1860, Samuel Stewart, William Jordan; 1861 John C. Bollinger, D. N. Carothers; 1862, Samuel Rank, Peter Se crist; 1863, Peter Secrist, Jacob Wall; 1864, M. Chilcoat, Daniel Book; 1865, Thomas Kelly, J. B. Shenefelt; 1866, Thomas Long, Thomas Kelly; 1867, Thomas Kelly, William Jordau; 1868, Jona than League, Joel Moore; 1869, Samuel Stewart, Samuel Gilland; 1870, D. Grove, H. Morgan; 1871, ; 1872, R.D. Heck, W. Jordan; 1873, A. Miller, Jomes McEIwee; 1874, R. D. Heck, J. P. McKelvy; 1875, H. Mitchell, J. McEIwee; 1876, W. Jordan, A. Miller, J. McEIwee; 1877, E. 0. Rodgers, S. Gilland, H. Beers; 1878, John Rice, James McEIwee; 1879, William Jordan, R. D. Heck, James McEIwee; 1880, William Johns, William Jordan, A. G. Whitsel ; 1881, James McEIwee, Adam Whitsel. OVERSEERS. 18, : 1839, ; 1840, David Fleck, John Bee; 1842, George Swartz, Benjamin Bear; 1843, Michael Star, William McDonald; 1844, J. Rutler, M. Miers; 1845, George Sipes, Aaron Stains; 1846, Michael Stare, Enoch McMullin; 1847, Michael Stair, John Bee; 1848, Samuel Book, Daniel J. Logan; 1849, David Etnier, Michael Star ; 1850, David Etnier, Michael Star; 1851, W. Rutter, John Fowler; 1852, George Swartz, Thomas Long; 1853, Thomas Long, George Swartz; 1854, George Swartz, Thomas Long; 1855, H. R. Beers, iBaac Enyeart; 1856, A. ffagner, G. W. Cornelius. ORBISONIA BOROUGH. The borough of Orbisonia is pleasantly situated in the beautiful valley or basin between Saddle Back and Sandy Ridges on three sides and Black Log Mountain on the other. It is also at the mouth of the narrows or gap in Black Log Mountain through which Black Log Creek flows. Tradition, that always present and ever reliable old gentleman, tells us that the site of what is now the beautiful and bee-hive like town of Orbisonia was once the site of an Indian village, and to prove his assertion cites the numerous relics of barbarism found upon this plain, also will call the traveler's attention to what is supposed to be a cave some two miles dis tant in the side of Sandy Ridge. Pioneer Beginnings of Orbisonia.— This being on the old Indian trail or path leading from the Susque hanna to the then undeveloped West, and being at the outlet of the gaps through Shade and Black Log Mountains, it did not take the keen-sighted George CROMWELL TOWNSHIP. 261 Irvin long to determine where the best locality was for a store. Accordingly, in 1760 he built a small log store-room on the site now occupied by the Meth odist Episcopal Church, southeast corner of Winches ter and Cromwell Streets. His patrons were drawn of course from the Indians, a few white settlers, and those traveling from East to West along the old path. Here for several years he dispensed such wares as he had, consisting mainly of sugar, molasses, boots, shoes, a few dry-goods, guns, powder, and New Eng land rum. Mr. B. F. Ripple, of Orbisonia, has in his possession two of the original bills for goods purchased by Mr. Irvin, or Irwin, as it was frequently written. The bills are on old-fashioned unruled paper, and were undoubtedly written with a quill pen. The follow ing is a copy of the bills : Philadelphia, April 16, 1768. lis. George Ikwin, Bought of George Fullerton, 3 pes. % wide Irish Linen, No. 234, 69 yurds, @ 16J^ £4 14 10J^ 1 ps. yard wide do. No. 237, 24 yards, @ 2-4 2 16 0 lps. do. do. do. No. 238, 25 yards, @ 2-1 2 12 1 10 2 1114 Advance @ 85 per ot 8 12 (i'Jj £18 15 6 1 p. yard wide do. damaged, No. 239, 22 yards, @ 2 3 13 4 Payable one month after date £22 8 10 lps. Irish Sheeting, No. 149, 74 yards, 2 7 8 0 £29 16 10 Baltimore, May 28, 1773. Mr. Geokgf. Irwin Bot of David McLure. 1 Hhd. Molasses, 102 gain's @ 23 £9 15 6 1 Hhd. N.E.Knm, 121 gain's,® 2-4 14 2 4 Cash paid porterage 2 6 £21 0 4 The following letter accompanied the last-men tioned bill of goods, and is also in Mr. Ripple's pos session : " Sir,— I Kee'd your favor of the 25th inst. with £16 6 8 to your Credit, and now send you one Hhd. Molasses & one Hhd. Continent Kum, which 1 wish safe to hand and to a good market. "New England Rum is getting very scarce now, but think there will be some here soon — when any Comes I do intend to purchase the Whole that I may serve my friends at a reasonable rate. I have no news ; flour tow and likely to fall. "I am Dear Sir your very Humble Servt., " David McLure." The old Bedford Furnace, built in 1785, stood on the site now occupied by the Franklin House, and the old store of Cromwell, Ashman & Ridgley stood where David Etnier's house now stands, on Cromwell Street, and what is now Cromwell Street was the old original highway, pr part of the Indian trail or pioneer path, and part of the road laid out from Burnt Cabins to Drake's Ferry in 1787. The next store was by Thomas Cromwell and Benjamin Cornelius, from 1824 to 1827. Their store, as well as that of Messrs. George Taylor and Henry Crownover, or Covenhover, stood on the lot now occupied by Thomas E. Orbison as a garden. The pioneer tavern was what is now the Franklin House. The building stood on the opposite side of the street, and served the purpose of a horse-stable till 1820, when the old log barn was moved to its present location, converted into a hotel, and Benja min Franklin honored with another tavern to perpet uate his name and fame. The landlords in the old Franklin have been McDonald in 1824, Fore man in 1830, William Pollock in 1834; then followed William McCardle, Robert Giffin, Jacob Baker, Cook, and Henry Wilt, from 1872 to the present time. The pioneer grist-mill was built in what is now the borough of Orbisonia in 1787, and Hezekiah Crown over was the miller from 1812 to 1816. The stone grist- and flouring-mill was built in 1826 by Thomas T. Cromwell, and destroyed by fire in the fall of 1879. The post-office at this place was established in 1830, and the pioneer office kept in Taylor & Crownover's store. The Eagle Hotel, corner of Cromwell and Elliott Streets, was built in 1836 by Jonathan Carothers. In 1833 there were but nine dwellings in what is now the borough of Orbisonia, and but three of the nine were standing in 1882. The building now occupied as a grist-mill was built for a plaster-mill, and subsequently converted into a sumach-mill, and after the destruction of the grist mill was, in 1880, converted into a grist-mill. The pioneer resident physician of this town was G. W. C. James, who located here in 1844 or 1845". He subsequently removed to Fort Littleton, where he remained four years, when he returned to this place and established himself in business, and opened a. drug-store corner of Elliott and Ridgely Streets, and is still in the enjoyment of a lucrative practice. In 1833 there were two distilleries in Orbisonia, one of which was converted into a tannery by T. & J. Carothers, and the other converted to other uses by T. E. Orbison. In the early part of this century Thomas Galbraith was the owner of a wrought-iron nail-factory which stood near the old Bedford Furnace. Mr. Thomas E. Orbison came to this place in 1830, was instrumental in procuring a post-office for this then new town, and in April, 1833, engaged in the mercantile business in a log store-room that stood on the lot now occupied by him as a barnyard. The building was subsequently moved across the street. Mr. Orbison was instrumental in laying out and building the town. His was the first brick house in Orbisonia, it having been built in 1835. Orbisonia in 1882. — There were iii 1882 in the borough one general merchandise and hardware- store, by C. H. Reed ; five general merchandise stores, Gehrett & Swoope, Downing, Vanzant & Co., J. Brod- beck, G. R. P. Enyeart, and E. B. Orbison (the Or bison store the senior of any now in existence) ; one drug-store, by G. W. C. James, Sr. ; three millinery- stores, by Mrs. Alburns, Mrs. C. Bartello, and Miss Starr & Co. ; one dentist, Z. B. Taylor ; three phy sicians, G. W. C. James, Sr., G. W. C. J"ames, Jr., and 262 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. W. T. Browning; two hotels, Franklin House and Eagle Hotel ; one grist-mill ; six churches, Presbyte rian, Methodist Episcopal, Baptist, United Brethren, Reformed Church, and Protestant Episcopal. The population of the town in 1880 was five hundred and eighty-two. Thomas E. Orbison is the present post master. Rock Hill.— The town of Rock Hill, lying just across the Black Log Creek from Orbisonia borough, was laid out in 1874 into streets, avenues, and alleys. Here is located the depot of the East Broad Top Rail road, other buildings, yard, etc., belonging to the road,, Here also is the " Markle House," a first-class hotel, situate in a shady grove, making it a pleasant resort for the summer tourist or the flying business man. There is in the town a large number of dwellings, most of which belong to the Bock Hill Iron and Coal Company, and are occupied by their empJoyes. There is no store in the town, and all trading is done in Orbisonia borough. The name of the station is the same as that of the town. Civil Organization. — The town of Orbisonia was surveyed and platted in May, 1850, and plan of town recorded May 4, 1850, and was chartered as a borough Nov. 23, 1855, with the following-named persons as borough officers : Burgess, A. W. Sims ; Councilmen, William Ott, Amon W. Swoope, John Wilson, Solo mon Grove, Solomon Koons, and Abraham Carothers ; Return Judge, James S. Burkett. The following is a list of the officers named, as far as found in the borough records : BURGESSES. 1856, Simon Gratz; 1857, 1865-68, G. W. C. James; 1868, Peter Ripple; 1859, James Baker; 1860-62, David Hicks ; 1863-64, no record ; 1869, Lewis Carothers ; 1870, W. H.Miller; 1871, James S. Chilcote; 1872," Anthony Cook ; 1873, D. R. P. Neeley ; 1874, I. F. Gehrett; 1875-77, A. W. Sims; 1878, 1881, W. T. Browning; 1880, B. F. Ripple; 1882, Z. B. Taylor. Mr. Sims resigned, and W. T. Browning elected to fill vacancy March 9, 1877. TOWN COUNCIL. 1856, Thomas E. Orbison, David Etnire, William Ruttor, William Tem- pleton, John Wilson; 1857, David Hicks, Solomon Grove, Simon Gratz, John Wilson, William Templeton ; 1858, R. S. Starr, Solomon Grove, Perry 0. EtchiBon, .lames Baker; 1859, David Etnire, James P. Tarbox, Perry O. Atchison, Solomon Grove, David HickB, Esq. ; 1860, James Baker, David Etnire, P. O. Atchison, Andrew Shafter, James P. Tarbox; 1861, Thomas E. Orbison, David Etnire, P. O. At chison, John WilBon, Daniel M. Giles ; 1862, Thomas E. Orbison, Sol omon Grove, John Wilson, Robert Giffin, David Etnire; 1863-64, 1866, no record; 1865, David Etnire, Thomas E. Orbison, Solomon Grove, Robert Gehrett; 1867, A. Carothers, T. E. Orbison, T. M. Kelley, J. S. Burkett, Robert Gehrett; 1868, T. E. Orbison, R. C Templeton, Abraham Carothers, Thomas M. Kelley, Alfred Kelley ; 1869, R. C Templeton, Samuel Carothers, Jacob Gehrett, Adam Knight, James S. Chilcote; 1870, J. S. Chilcote, S. Carothers, Adam Kunze, James Nesbit; 1871, T. E. Orbison, Adam Kunze, Solomon Grove, Peter Ripple, A. Carothers; 1872, R. 0. Templeton, T. V. Oloyd, T. M. Kelley, A. Carothers, S. Grove: 1873, I. F. Gehrett, George Wilson, T, V. Cloyd, R. M. Brown, H. W. Miller ; 1874, James Ruth, William Harper, Henry Wilt, D. P. Enyeart, J. S. Burkett, I. Book ; 1875, A. Carothers, Solomon Grove, E. B. Orbison (Mr. Orbi son resigned March 3d, and J. S. Burket was appointed to fill va cancy), J. B. Chilcote, William Ott, A. K. Green ; 1876, Solomon Grove, Solomon Coons, William Ott, John Wilson, A. Carothers, A. W. Swoope ; 1877, J. R. Bell, J. S; Burkett (Mr. Burkett died, and A. W. Sims elected May 9, 1877, to fill vacancy), L. F. Watson, B. F. Ripple, R. C. Templeton, A. M. Pheasant; 1878, L. F. Wateon, 8. Grove, John B. Chilcote, A. W. Sims, B. F. Ripple ; 1879, S. Grove Jacob F. Gehrett, D. R. P. Enyeart, Jacob Conrad, William H. Miller; 1880, J. F. Gehrett, A. W, Swoope, D. E. Fleck, J. W. Down ing, Joseph Repper; 1881, William Keefauver, John J. Howe, David Isenberg, B. F. Rinker, Solomon Grove ; 1882, Henry Wilt, B. 8. Willson, Miles Kelley, J. W. Downing,G.W. Kinsell, Joseph Blake. SECRETARY OF COUNCIL. 1852, 1859-66, David Etnire; 1857-58, David Hicks; 1867, G. S.Blake; 1868, William R. Baker ; 1869, A. J. Hamilton ; 1870-74, G. W. C. James; 1875-76, G. S. Baker; 1877, R. J. Coons; 1878-79, E. H. Miller; 1880, D. R. Enyeart ; 1881-82, D. F. Miller. CONSTABLES. 1865, Caleb Kelly ; 1866, Michael M. Logan ; 1867, ; 1868, James Burket; 1869, W. Chilcoat; 1870-71, G.S. Baker; 1872-75, J. Broad- beck ; 1876, A. E. Chilcoat; 1877, Robert Wagoner; 1878, Jacob Reikord, G. J. Henry; 1879, Robert Wagoner, John B. Chilcote (high) ; 1880, George D. Wilson, W. T. Browning (high) ; 1881, S. P. Cook. SCHOOL DIRECTORS. 1866, G. W. C. James, David Etnier, Robert Gehrett, Abrm. Carothers, James S. Burket, D. S. Baker ; 1867, ; 1868, Robert Gehrett, Thomas M. Keley; 1869, ; 1870, Thomas Weigh, William Harper, J. R. Carothers; 1871, ; 1872, F. M. Keley, W. Harper, F. E. Orbison, A. Carothers ; 1873, J. W. C. James, Joseph Repper, Robert Brown ; 1874, R. M. Brown, F. D. Rutter, A. Krough ; 1875, William Harper, C. H. Reed; 1876, G. W. C. James, James Repper; 1877, J. B. Chilcoate, H. F. Hess ; 1878, J. F. Gehrett, C. H. Reed, Henry Loher; 1879, B. F. Repple, G. W.C.James; 1880, A W. Swoope, J. B. Chilcote ; 1881, J. Repper, J. F. Gehrett. The Presbyterian Church, of Orbisonia was or ganized as early as 1837, and upon the passage of the present free-school law by the State Legislature, a two-story building was erected in the town of Orbi sonia, the lower story of which was occupied as a school-room and the second story for church pur poses. This organization was at that time a branch or out- station of the Shirleysburg Presbyterian Church, and remained as such till 1867, when it was recognized by Presbytery as a separate organization, and still con tinued to worship in the upper story of the school building till 1876, when the church builttheir present brick meeting-house, which is forty by seventy-five feet, at a cost of four thousand dollars, Mr. T. E. Or bison contributing nearly or quite one-half that sum, and in 1879 the church edifice was dedicated free of debt. In the spring of 1879 Orbisonia and Shade Gap Presbyterian Churches united in calling Rev. J. D. Owens, who is at present serving both churches. Among the early or pioneer members of the Orbi sonia Presbyterian Church were John Bollinger, Sr., Mrs. John Bollinger, William Lykely and wife, Mrs. Hooper, Mrs. Jordan, Mrs. Gilliland, Daniel Mont gomery and wife, Mrs. T. E. Orbison, Mrs. Bigham, John Bollinger, Jr., and wife, and Mrs. Noble. The pastors who have served this people are Bevs. Britton E. Collins, who was for forty-two years a pastor of some church, Shaffer, Forbes, Samuel Alexander, Prideaux, and Watson (the two last were supplies), and in the spring of 1879, J. D. Owens, present pastor. Present membership, fifty ; value of church prop erty, five thousand dollars. The Sunday-school con- CROMWELL TOWNSHIP. 263 nected with this church has a membership of ninety pupils, with an average attendance of seventy, with N. E. Otto superintendent. Methodist Episcopal Church.1— Just when the first Methodist class was formed in Orbisonia cannot well be ascertained. However, the first Methodist church edifice in this place was of stone, forty-five feet square, and stood on the line between the lands of Thomas T. Cromwell and William Orbison, each one contributing half the land upon which it stood. It was built in 1846 or 1847, against tlie side of the hill, and a basement under one-half the building, which was used for school purposes. Mr. Cromwell was one of the projectors and principal contributor to the building fund. The old stone church was destroyed by fire in January, 1865. The present frame church, located on the southeast corner of Cromwell and Winchester Streets, was built in 1866, and dedicated in 1867. The building com mittee were B. F. Chilcoate, Thomas Kelley, and James S. Chilcoate. The first trustees were B. F. Chilcoate, Thomas Kelley, Rev. W. H. Stevens, and William M. Chilcoate. The class-leader in 1866 was William M. Chilcoate. Previous to 1846, when the seed of Methodism was being sown on this territory by the old pioneer Meth odist preachers, services were held in school-house, groves, and private dwellings, the residence of Thomas T. Cromwell being the principal place, however, for such meetings. Among the pioneer members we find the names of T. T. Cromwell, Catharine Cromwell, Ellen Martin, Thomas Martin, James Martin, Mary Harper, Nancy • Hockenbury, Adam Hockenbury, David Hockenbury, William Hockenbury, William Rutter, Nancy Rutter, Lewis Evans, Jane Simpson, John W. Chilcoate, and Samuel Hockenbury. Among the early and later preachers on this circuit may be found the names of Jonathan Monroe, John Ball, David Shaver, Joseph Lee, Joseph Parker, and Dr. Green. The following is a complete list of preachers on the circuit, which at first embraced a large territory : 1841, James Brands and Franklin Dysons; 1842, James Brands and John Moorhead ; 1843, Elisha Butler and James Ewing ; 1844, James G. McKeehan ; 1845, James G. McKeehan and W. Gwynn ; 1846, Jacob Grnber and Beard; 1847, James Stevens and Cambridge Graham ; 1848, James Stevens and Alexander McClay ; 1849, Robert Beers and David Shoaf; 1850, Robert Beers and W. Waters; 1851, Amos Smith and ,W. Shaw; 1852, Amos Smith; 1853, W. M. Mem- inger and Richard Dean; 1854, W. M. Meminger and R. Hinkle; 1865, Dr. James M. Clark and H. Wilson ; 1856, Dr. James M. Clark and G. T. Gray; 1857, Amos Smith and G. W. Dunlap; 1858, Amos Smith and G. W. Hyde; 1859, G. W. Bouse and Thomas Care ; 1860, G. W. Bouse and J. C. Cook ; 1861, James M. Clark and G. W. C. Vanfossen; 1862, James M. Clark; 1863-64, C. Graham and A. W. Decker; 1866, David A. Isenberg and D. B. McCloskey; 1866, Seth A. Creveling; 1867, Seth A. Creveling and W. McKendree Reiley ; 1868, George Leidy and J. W. Ely; 1869-70, J. P. Long; 1871-7-', W. R. Whitney ; 1873, W. A. McKee ; 1874, W. McK. Reiley ; 1876, W. McK. Reiley and 0. H. Huston; 1876, W. S. Hamlin and P. P. 1 By B. F. Chilcoate, Esq. Strawinskey; 1877, W. S. Hamlin and J. F. Pennington ; 1878, W. E. Hock and W. H. Bowden ; 1879, W. E. Hock and Alexander Lam- bertsou ; 1880-82, Elisha Shoemaker. Present membership, one hundred. Value of church property, fifteen hundred dollars. Class-leaders, J. W. Downing and Benjamin F. Chilcoate. Stewards, J. W. Downing, A. W. Swoope, and John Barkle ; Recording Steward, A. W. Swoope ; Trustees, John Newatha, C. H. Reed, D. R. P. Enyeart, John J. Rowe, and A. W. Swoope. United Brethren Church. — The pioneer preachers of this denomination who were traveling through the southern portion of Pennsylvania upon their missions of love and mercy, finding something of a settlement at what is now Orbisonia, rnade this one of their ap pointments or preaching-places as early as 1838. Notwithstanding the unfavorable prospect before them for several years, they nevertheless kept up their appointments, and in 1853 saw something of the fruits of their labor in the organization of a class of worshipers under the leadership of Andrew J. Kelley and Thomas L. Kelley, with the following-named members : Caleb Kelley, Thomas Kelley, Sr., John Rodgers, Elizabeth Beightel, Matilda Rogers, Mar garet Kelley, Rebecca Kelley, Sarah E. Hockenbury Jemima Rogers, Diannah Coughmore, Margaret Kel ley, William Lee, Eleanor Kelley, Mary E. Johns Elijah Beard, Elizabeth Ow, James Grover, A. E Taylor, Susan Carothers, David Jones, Noah Stewart, Abram Price, and Margaret Richerbaugh. Thus far they had worshiped where as best they could, sometimes in dwellings, and at other times in barns or school-houses, and thus continued till 1858 or 1859, when they built their present house of wor ship, located on the northeast side of Cromwell Street, in Orbisonia borough, at a cost of six hundred dol lars. At this time Rev. George Washington Scott was the preacher in charge. Among the preachers who have served this people the records give us the names of Rev. J. W. Bone well, in 1853 ; William Shepherd and R. G. Rankin, in 1854, and W. G. Rankin alone in 1855 ; Joseph Potts, in 1856; J. F. Talhelm, in 1857-58: G. W. Scott, again in 1859 ; E. D. Pringle, 1860-62 ; P. B. Sherk, in 1863 ; J. F. Talhelm, again in 1864-65 ; P. B. Sherk, again in 1866; J. A. Clemm, 1870-71; J. F. Talhelm, again in 1872 ; W. H. Mattern, in 1875 ; J. E. McClay, in 1877 ; C. W. Raver, in 1881, and L. M. Gates, in 1882. Present membership, seventy. Value of church property, six hundred dollars. Trustees, G. S. Baker, D. L. Grissinger, and A. J. Kelley ; Steward, A. J. Kelley. The Sunday-school connected with this church numbers over one hundred, with William H. Carrigan as superintendent. Reformed Church of America. — The branch or society of this church located at Orbisonia was organ ized in 1876, with the following-named persons as the 264 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. original members : David Grove, Isaac Enyeart, Joel Grove, and Jacob Woolfe. In 1878 the society or church purchased the frame building located on lower end of Cromwell Street, formerly occupied by the Lutherans as a place of worship, for which eight hundred dollars was paid. The building has since been repaired, painted, and refurnished, and is now valued at fifteen hundred dollars. Present membership, fifty. The present trustees are David Grove, James Smith, and Joel Isenberg; Elders, James Smith, David Grove, and Daniel Isenberg ; Deacons, David Isenberg and Luther Hileman. The Sunday-school connected with this church has an average of twenty pupils, with James Smith as superintendent. The pulpit of this church was supplied from 1876 to 1878 by students and others, when in the latter year Rev. J. M. Shick was called in connection with other appointments. He remained till October, 1881, when he was succeeded by Rev. E. H. Wrighter, the present pastor. Trinity Protestant Episcopal Mission was estab lished by the Rev. Thomas O. Tongue, under the di rection of the Right Rev. Bishop Howe, in February, 1877. The following were the original members of the mission: Mrs. A. W. Sims, Mr. and Mrs. John Puckey, and Mrs. B. F. Ripple. Services were first held in the United Brethren Church, since which time the mission has made such migratory flights as necessity demanded ; at the pres ent services are held every two weeks in the lecture- room of the Presbyterian Church. The following clergymen have been in charge of the mission ; Rev. Thomas O. Tongue, from Febru ary, 1877, to Oct. 19, 1879 ; Rev. A. J. Barrow, from December, 1879, to Jan. 9, 1881 ; Rev. C. E. D. Grif fith, from June, 1881, to March 6, 1882 ; Rev. John Gregson, the present rector, commenced his labors April 29, 1882. There are at present (July, 1882) twelve communicants. Press of Orbisonia. — The Leader, a seven-column weekly quarto, was established in 1874 by Coons & Crouse, who continued the publication till the spring of 1881, when publication was suspended for a short time, after which the press and material was pur chased by Messrs. E. J. Stackpole and B. F. Ripple, and the first number of the Orbisonia Dispatch was issued Sept. 16, 1881, with E. J. Stackpole as editor. The paper was at first a seven-column weekly, and after three months was en larged to eight columns, with an additional length to each column, making it one of the largest papers in the county. Mr. Stackpole was for several years con nected with the McVeytown Journal, and Mr. Ripple is officially connected with the Rock Hill Coal and Iron Company. The Dispatch is neutral in politics and religion. Orbisonia Lodge, No. 640, 1, 0. 0. F.,1 organized Aug. 21, 1868. Hall located corner of Cromwell and Ashman Streets, Orbisonia, Huntingdon Co. Pa Charter members, D. S. Baker, W. S. Thompson A J. Hamilton, Samuel Weight, Robert Gehrett, J. M. Booher, G. S. Baker, George W. Cornelius, JacksoD Lambertson, W. B. Gilliland, Philip Kabis, T. M. Kelley, Richard S. Starr. First ofiicers: N. G., D. S. Baker; V. G., W. S. Thompson; Sec, A. J. Hamilton, now M.D. ; Asst. Sec, Samuel Weight; Treas., W. B. Gilliland; W.,' Robert Gehrett ; R. S. to N. G., T. M. Kelley; L. S. to N. G., R. S. Starr ; R. S. to V. G., George W. Cor-' nelius; L. S. to V. G., Philip Kabis; I. G., G. S. Baker; O. G., J. M. Booher; Trustees, Robert Geh rett, T. M. Kelley, R. S. Starr. Present officers: N. G., D. H. Warsing; V.G., Jas. W. Rankin ; Sec, B. F. Chilcoat; Asst. Sec, William Campbell ; Treas., Jacob F. Gehrett ; W., J. D. Sin gleton ; R. S. to N. G., H. Galbraith ; L. S. to N. G, Matthew Gilliland; R. S. to V. G., Samuel Crowther; L. S. to V. G., Daniel Cox; I. G., Jacob Painter; 0. G., John M. Price; C, Joseph Blake. Regular meetings every Saturday evening. Present number of members, fifty-eight. Col. Isaac Rogers Post, No. 252, G. A. R.,1 or ganized May 30, 1882, at Orbisonia, Pa., with the following officers: O, George S. Baker; S. V. C, William Minnick; J. V. C, A. E. Chilcoat; Adjt., B. F. Chilcoat; Chap., Jacob C. Lockard; Q.M., Henry H. Lahr; O. D., George S. De Bray; 0. G, W. B. Snyder; Sergt.-Maj., A. V. Chilcoat; Q.M.- Sergt., Job Shinn ; Guard, Eph. J. Hampton. Names of charter members, their company and regiment: A. V. Chilcoat, private, Co. K, 49th Regt. P. V. Alf. Kelly, private, Co. 1, 12th P. R. V. C, and Co. 1, 19th Regt Pa. Cav. E. J. Hampton, private, Co. K, 205th Regt. Pa. Vols. H. D. Weller, private, 101st Regt. Pa. Vols. A. E. Chilcoat, private, Co. B, 110th Regt. Pa. Vols., and sergt. Co.B, 6th U. S. Cav. William Minnick, corp , Co. A, 1st Regt Pa. Vols., and corp. 2d Pa. Cav. H. H. Lahr, saddler, Co. L., 19th Pa. Cav. Jacob C Lockard, private, Co. K, 202d Pa. Inf. Jacob Conrad, private, Co. H, 205th Pa. Iuf. Job Shinn, private, Co. I, 53d Pa. Inf. Thomas M. Kelly, sergt., Co. 1, 12th Pa. R. V. C, and private, Co. B, 110th Pa. Vols. W. B. Snyder, private, Co. F, 1st D. C, and Corp., Co. A, 191st Pa. Vols. John E. Johns, private, Co. 1, 12th Pa. R. V. C, and private 190th Pa. Vols. George S. Baker, private, Co. 1, 12th Pa. R. N. C, and private 202d Pa. Vols. Silas James, private, Co. K, 3d Prov. Cav. George S. De Bray, private, Co. D, 2d Pa. Inf., and lieut. Co. B, 36th Pa. Vols. Amon W. Swoope, private, Co. A, 22d Pa. Cav., and private Co. G, 1st Pa. Light. Art. John C. Early, private, Co. I, 149th Pa. Inf. James W. Hickson, private, Co. M, 16th Pa. Cav. W. M. Lynn, private, Co. K, 102d Pa. Inf. David Kelly, private, Co. G, 16th Pa. Cav. !By B.F. Chilcoat,Esq. DUBLIN TOWNSHIP. 265 Daniel Heck, private, Co. K, 202d Pa. Inf. James Kelly, private, Co E, 76th Pa. Inf. B. F. Chilcoat, private, Co. B, 110th Pa. Inf. Orbisonia Cornet Band.— This musical organiza tion was effected in November, 1880, with fifteen members. The following were the first officers : W. T. Browning, M.D., president ; R. J. Coons, vice- president ; T. J. C. Ripple, secretary ; D. R. P. En yeart, treasurer; W. C. Wilson, leader; and Professor D. N. Craft, teacher. The regular meetings of this band are held on Tuesday and Friday evenings of each week in the public school building, Cromwell Street. Present number of members twenty-seven. Silver Cornet Band. — The Orbisonia Independent Band was organized Jan. 20, 1881, with the following officers and members : President, N. E. Otto ; Vice- President and Leader, Thomas Wear ; Secretary and Major, Z. B. Taylor; Treasurer, George Trexler; Horace Gratz, W. T. Gratz, Jacob Conrad, Samuel Glaut, C. S. Lewis, Oliver Carothers, John B. Chil coat, Eddie Williams, Joseph Pearce, E. B. Chil coat, Lewis Keffauver, and Newton Sunderland. July 18, 1881, the band was reorganized, and the name changed to "Silver Cornet Band," it having purchased a set of new silver instruments costing six hundred dollars. The band is at present on a sound financial basis, and is destined to be one of the fore most of its kind in the State. The following is the present organization of the band: President, Thomas Wear; Vice-President, Samuel Glaut ; Secretary, George Trexler ; Treasurer, George Debray; Major, Dr. Z. B. Taylor; Musical Instructor, Professor Samuel Brewer; Members, Charles Lewis, Charles Gratz, Horace Gratz, W. T. Gratz, Harry Sunderland, Newton Sunderland, Ed ward Crummy, E. B. Chilcoate, Joseph Pearce, John Pearce, Jacob Conrad, Eddie Williams, James Ed- mondson, Thomas Puckey. Educational.— Cromwell Township.— There are in this township eleven school districts, in each of which were five months' school in 1880. To conduct these eleven schools eight male and three female teachers were employed, at a salary of $26.87 per month for the male, and $25 per month for the female teachers. Total amount raised by tax for support of schools during the year was $2692.83; State appro priations, $369.90; total expenditures, $2870.90. Orbisonia Borough. — The pioneer school-house was a small log building that stood at the north end of what is now Cromwell Street. When it was built is not known ; however, it was the only school-house in what is now Cromwell township, and was the only one till 1836. The present school-house is a two-story brick building for the accommodation of two or more schools. In 1880 there were two schools in the borough, with five months' term each. Total receipts for school and building purposes during the year, $5801.86; expenditures for the same time, $3020.51. CHAPTER XXXIX. DUBLIN TOWNSHIP. Geographical and Natural Features.— This is the extreme south township in Huntingdon County. In form the township is an oblong square, laying northeast and southwest, and is fourteen hundred rods wide by two thousand eight hundred rods long. It is bounded on the southeast by Franklin County, southwest by Fulton County, northwest by Spring field and Cromwell townships, and on the northeast by Tell township. The surface'of the township is broken and moun tainous, Tuscarora Mountain forming the dividing line between this township and Franklin County, and Shade Mountain the line between this and the town ships of Springfield and Cromwell. Jerry Ridge is southeast of Shade Mountain, Turkey Ridge in the centre, Pine Ridge in the northeast end, and Hunting Ridge runs parallel with Tuscarora Mountain. The narrow valleys between the ridges and mountains, where properly cultivated, produce very good crops of cereals and grass. Shade Creek rises in the northwest corner of the township, and flows southerly and westerly into Crom well township. Little Aughwick Creek rises in the northeast end and centre of the township, and flows southwest into Franklin County. Trout Creek drains the southwest part of the township, and empties into the Little Aughwick a short distance above the county line. Early Settlers and Pioneer Incidents. — Among the pioneer land locators and settlers in this township was George Hudson, who came here in 1782 and took up a tract of three hundred acres at the foot of the mountain, below what is now Shade Gap borough. The tract is now owned by his grandson, William A. Hudson, one hundred acres, one hundred acres more in the Hudson family, and the other hundred acres is owned by Henry C. Robinson. Another of the pioneer settlers in Dublin was Wil liam Swan, who came here in 1784 and took up two hundred acres northeast of the Hudson tract. The tract has been divided, and is now owned by Widow Shearer and Widow Hooper. Alexander Blair, grandfather of D. Blair, of Hunt ingdon, came to this township in 1784-85, and located on a tract of two hundred acres of land southwest from the Hudson tract. This tract has also been di vided, and is now owned by McGinlay, Appleby, and Dr. Jones. Mr. Blair having an eye to business, hung out his sign in 1790, giving notice that he had a tav ern and store to be patronized by the public. Hugh Robinson was another of the pioneers that assisted in opening up this wilderness. He located on a tract of one hundred and sixty acres southwest from the Blair tract, and is now owned by John Minnick. 2.66 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Among the other settlers who came here between 1790 and 1812 were George Wagner, Jay Robinson, William Newell, Anthony Manny, Andrew Sands, William Mosser, James Cree, David Cree, Jonathan Cree, Robert Cree, William Clements, George Kelley, John Kelley, Robert Peterson, Robert Taylor, John Swan, William Hooper, James Hooper, Brice X. Blair, John Blair. Alexander McElroy was also one of the pioneers who was under the necessity of braving the fatigues, sufferings, and dangers of a life in the forest. Upon the occasion of his coming over the Tuscarora Mountain with his family, upon their first visit to Dublin town ship, he performed a feat of daring that none but a pio neer would dare undertake. It was winter, the snow deep and frozen, so that there was a thick crust suffi cient to hold ahorse. With difficulty " Aleck" and his little family had climbed up the mountain-side upon the slippery crust, and it occurred to the brave pioneer that he could go down the Dublin slope much quicker and easier than he came up from the foot of the Frank lin side. Having a feather bed, which was the bulk of his household goods, he tied it in as small and conven ient bundle as possible, mounted his improvised sled, took their little child in hi3 arms, bid his wife give him a start, and away he went down Tuscarora's north western slope, reaching the valley below in safety. It is said that no more daring feat was ever performed, and certainly not a quicker trip down the mountain was ever made than that of " McElroy's ride.'' James McElroy, brother of Alexander, was a "mighty hunter," and always carried with him his trusty rifle wherever he went, for he knew not the moment when he would have use for it. Upon one occasion, when he was on his way to Huntingdon for some provisions, he discovered a deer, and shot it, only wounding it. Before he could reach the deer a panther jumped into the path in front of him and started for the deer and soon overtook his prey, as the deer had become weakened from loss of blood. Be fore he could get a good shot at the panther a pack of hungry wolves were following on his trail. The situation became quite unpleasant, with a ferocious panther in front and a pack of hungry wolves in rear, and something had to be done and that quickly. No parleying, no chance shots; it was nearly night, and he was far out in the forest. Quick as thought he dispatched the panther as he was busily engaged partaking of his sumptuous evening meal, and then climbed a suitable tree, and awaited the coming of the rest of the menagerie. The tree served as a refuge during the dark hours of the night, and from his ele vated fortress, and by his unerring aim and trusty rifle, one by one the wolves paid the death penalty, till when morning came he counted twenty-two dead wolves and a dead panther, the scalps of which he took to Huntingdon, and drew a bounty of twelve dollars each. Mills and Manufactories of Dublin,— Like most other townships in the earlier history of the county Dublin had her quota of saw-mills upon the numerous streams. Many of the pioneer mills have gone to de cay, as the country has become settled and the timber cut off. George Hudson, grandfather of William A. Hudson built a grist-mill as early as 1800 a little south of his residence. The old mill served the purpose for which it was built till 1850, when it was abandoned for mill purposes and went to decay. The remains of the old mill are still to be seen just east of W. A. Hudson's residence. The saw- and grist-mill at the gap, now owned by S. & N. Price, was built in 1820, and the grist-mill in 1846^7 by Brice X. Blair. In 1818, John Blair built a tannery on the site of Minnick's steam tannery. It was subsequently owned by John Blair, Jr., who sold iu 1848 to John Minnick, the present owner and operator of the Dublin Steam Tannery. In Dublin township the officers have been the fol lowing : SUPERVISORS. 1789, John Cornelius, Patrick Fitzsimons ; 1790, Azaria McLain, James McKee; 1791, James A. McPhelter, Samuel Boman; 1792, Hugh Glenn, James Morton ; 1793, Samuel Briggs, Alexander Blair; 1794, Alexander McElroy, William Kelly; 1795, William Kelly, Alexan der McElroy; 1796, David Walker, William Waters; 1797, John Person, James Marshall; 1798, John Kelly, James McNeal; 1799, Samuel McMath, John Walker ; 1800, Michael Kern, Patrick Fitz simons; 1801, James Waiob, Andrew Fricker; 1802, Joseph Camp ble, David Cree; 1803, Hugh Davison, Jesse Jeffries; 1804, Jacob Crow, Isaac Thompson ; 1805, Adam Story, John Ramsey ; 1806, William Gifford, Samuel Cree; 1807, William Pym, Jacob Hags; 1808, John Appleby, Hugh Dougherty ; 1809, Michael Welsh, Hec tor Harper ; 1810, David Walker, Gilbert Kennedy ; 1811, John Ram sey, Michael Thronel; 1813, John Blair, James W. Nealy; 1814, Samuel Finley, David Hudson ; 1815, Robert Fleming, James Cree; 1816, David Cree, Matthew Taylor ; 1817, Abraham Long, Matthew Taylor; 1818, John Walker, James Neeley; 1819, James Hudson, James Walker; 1820, William Jamison, Gilbert Kennedy; 1820, James All, Robert Marshall ; 1822, William Fitzsinman, Eli Mc Lean ; 1823, Samuel Findley, Brice Blair ; 1824, John Walker, Archibald Stitt ; 1825, David Cree, Jr., Peter Foreman ; 1826, Samnel Finley, William Swan; 1827, James Meely, David Jeffries; 1828, John Nave, Eli McLean; 1829, Robert Taylor, Peter Long; 1830, James Cree, George Hudson ; 1831, James Walker, George Taylor; 1832, Thomas W. Neely, James Harper; 1833, Eli McLain, James Climans ; 1834, John Walker, Alexander McAninch ; 1835, Matthew Currey, David Bowman; 1836, Samuel Finley, David Welsh; 1837, William Grush, James McCanninch ; 1838, David Cree, W. Harper; 1839, Daniel Brown, Eli McLain ; 1840, Samuel Finley, Archibald Stitt; 1841, John Blair, John Walker ; 1842, David Bowman, James Neely; 1843, Matthew Taylor, William Marshall ; 1844, David Hud son, Andrew Sands; 1845, James Divin, William McLain; 1846, Christian Long, Abraham Morrison ; 1847, John Findley, Benjamin A. Stitt; 1848, David Jeffries, Isaac Zigler; 1849, James N. Stitt, David Peterson; 1850, William McClain, Robert Patterson; 1851, Joseph Hall, W. McLain ; 1852, W. G. Harper, John Atkinson; 1853, John Spitzer, William Roddy ; 1854, George Hudson, John Findley ; 1855, J. Hudson, S. Borin; 1856, R. Fleming, S. Long; 1857.B.E. Stitt, W. McClain ; 1858, David Peterson, John Swan ; 1859, David Peterson, James Neely ; 1860, William Harper, John Atkinson ; 1861, Robert Fleming, William A. Hudson ; 1862, Samuel Doras, William G. Harper; 1863, William G. Harper, Amos Potts; 1864, B, E. Stitt, George Mills ; 1865, Robert Morrow, George W. Jeffries; 1866, John Price, Joseph Hudson ; 1867, John Findley, John J. Swan ; 1868, G. W. Jeffries, Joseph Hudson ; 1869, George Foreman, L. Tater, M. C. Stitt ; 1870, J. Price, J. M. Gilland ; 1872, W. A. Hud son, James Fleming; 1873, George Mills, William Appleby ; 1874, DUBLIN TOWNSHIP. 267 James Diven, G. W. Price, Daniel Flat; 1875, James Diven, David Oisney, R. G. Campbell ; 1876, D. Hicks, J. W. Fogol, J. Appleby ; 1877, Samuel Runk, J. J. Swan, J. D. Findley ; 1878, John Foreman, Hiram Shadle, J. B. Stitt ; 1879, George Mills, A. D. Stitt, John Fore man; 1880, ; 1881, W. Snyder, George W. Jeffries, John Crouse. CONSTABLES. 1789, William Ramsey; 1790, John Walker; 1791, Jacob Gooshorn ; 1792, David Cree; 1793, James Wamb; 1794, Samuel Bowman; 1796, Samuel McMath ; 1796, William Steel; 1797-98, Andrew Fricker; 1799, Benjamin Briggs; 1800. James Fleming; 1801. John Person; 1802, Alexander Blair; 1803, Robert Welsh; 1804, Robert Standhard"; 1805, John Aplliby; 1806, John Kelly; 1807, James Cree;1808, Johu Gilliland ; 1809, Patrick Fitzsimmons ; 1810, George Wilson; 1811, Matthew Towlor; 1812, Hacket Harper; 1813, Wil liam Swan ; 1814, Robert Welsh ; 1815, David Walker ; 1816, Samuel Finley; 1817, William Morrow; 1818, Robert Fleming; 1819, Hubert Welsh; 1820, Robert Wels; 1821, James Neely; 1822, James Hudson ; 1823, Archibald Stett ; 1824, William Fitzsimmons ; 1825, James Cree ; 1826-30, John Kelly, Jr. ; 1831-33, David Welch ; 1834, Archibald Stitt ; 1835-81, William Clymans. OVERSEERS OF THE POOR. 89, James Coyl, Hugh Orlton ; 1790, James Morton, William Lindsay ; 1791, Alexander Blair, Samuel McMath ; 1792, Patrick Fitzsim- onB, George Willson ; 1793, Jacob Crow, John Ramsey ; 1794, Mat thew Taylor, Hugh Glen ; 1795, Jacob Crow, Matthew Taylor ; 1796, Joseph Fleming, John Appleby; 1797, John Ramsey, Samuel McMath; 1798, Isaac Thompson, James McFeters; 1799, William Waters, John Simson; 1800, Henry Lukley, Matthew Taylor; 1801, Jacob Hegy, Jeremie Robeson ; 1802, Adam Strong, William Kelby; 1803, James McKee, Robert Steenhard ; 1804, William Gif- ford, John Ramsey; 1805, Andrew Johnston, Samuel Clemens; 1806, David Walker, Henry Bicherstoff; 1807, James McKee, An drew Campble; 1808, Peter Bolinger, John Bigham ; 1809, Joseph Campbell, Samuel Bowman; 1817, Robert Harper, Robert Taylor; 1826, Robert Fleming, Joel Eby ; 1826, David Jeffries, James Caro thers; 1827, Isaac Thompson, Archibald Stitt; 1828, Robert Har per, James Carothers ; 1829, John Walker, James Neely ; 1830, Alexander Appleby, Joel Eby; 1831, Mathew Curray, David Cree; 1832, John Bingham, Alexander McAnich; 1833, Samuel Finley, John Rouse; 1831, David Welch, James Harper; 1836, David Jef fries, James Walker; 1837, Hecket Harper, James Cree; 1838, James Hudson, John Walker ; 1839, W. Clymans, David Brownsden ; 1840, William Welch, William Appleby; 1841, George Kelley, John Appleby; 1842, Joseph Smith, William Roddy; 1843, James Cree, John Deniney; 1844, James Neely, Joseph P. Hudson; 1845, Wil liam Appleby, George Whittaker; 1846, W. S. Morrow, W. A. Hud- eon; 1847, Joseph Smith, Robert Fleming; 1848, Henry Robison, Jacob Hunt; 1849, Robert Peterson, David Paul ; 1850, James Neely, James Harper; 1851, James Creo, A. J. Taylor; 1852, Brice Blair, William Harper; 1853, J. A. Shade, William McLain; 1854, John Appleby, Jacob Kough; 1855, J. Crer, R. Fleming; 1856, James Harper, H. C. Robinson. Boroughs and Hamlets. — There are in this town ship but one or two settlements of sufficient size to be mentioned as villages or hamlets, and the only one of any importance is Shade Gap Borough, located at the easterly end of the gap, at the foot of Shade Mountain. The pioneer settler in what is now the borough or its immediate vicinity was George Hudson, whose log mansion stood, and still stands, just outside the bor ough limits, near the old Kittanning path. At the time Hudson located here the site now occupied by the borough of Shade Gap was a dense forest, and not a tree had been cut. The forests have been trans formed into fields of golden harvest, hamlets and vil lages have grown up, and a borough incorporated, all within a century. The old log house became unfash ionable and too far behind the times for the young generation, and in 1849 the brick house now occupied by William A. Hudson was built. One hundred years ago, when Hudson came here, his nearest store or trading-point was Carlisle, forty miles distant. The pioneer merchant at the gap was James Stark, who came here in 1830, and opened a store in the building now owned by H. C. Zeigler. The pioneer tavern-keeper was A. Forman, who located here in 1828, and hung out the usual sign, " Entertainment for man and beast." The tavern down at the forks of the road, now kept by R. B. Jones, was also one of " ye ancient hostelries." This was the old stage tavern. Here they changed horses and gave the passengers an opportunity of refreshing the inner man with either liquids or solids, or both, as the appetite and thirst demanded. This was known as the " Jamison Tavern." The old Forman Tavern, now owned by H. C. Zeigler, was occupied as a tavern till the spring of 1881. The pioneer blacksmith of the gap was a Mr. Gos horn, who had a shop near the old Forman Tavern, in what is now the borough. The pioneer resident physician of Shade Gap was Dr. Shade, who located here in 1842, and was mur dered in 1876 by his son-in-law, Creswell Reese. Shade Gap borough was incorporated in 18 — . The burgess and Council for 1882 were : Burgess, H. C. Zeigler ; Council, William McGowan, W. C. Swan, James Cree, William Campbell, W. D. Hyskell, and S. C. Montgomery ; Clerk of the Council, D. C. Ray ; Constable, D. S. Walters ; Street Commissioner, G. W. Lamberson. The business of the borough in 1882 consisted of one hotel, by William McGowan, who kept a temper ance house; two stores, S. C. Montgomery (who is also postmaster) and W. C. Swan ; one blacksmith, D. Thomas Bock ; wheelwright, D. S. Walters ; hard ware-store and tin-shop, by H. C. Zeigler ; cabinet- shop, by Frank Scott ; shoe-shop, by S. D. Harvey. There are two physicians, W. D. Hyskell, George C. Borst; and Z. T. Jones, the druggist. W. C. Swan and H. C. Zeigler are the borough justices of the peace. There are also at this place two churches, academy, and district school-house. Population of Shade Gap borough in 1880 was 170. CONSTABLES. 1871, George Corbin; 1872, H. C Zeigler; 1873, Alexander Cree; 1874, G. C Rbea; 1875-76, Robert Morrow; 1877, I.J.Scott; 1878, Wil liam Morrow; 1879-81, Alexander Cree. SCHOOL DIRECTORS. 1871-72, J. P. Rody, Henry Hirch; 1873, W. Campbell, H. Shearer, W. McGowan ; 1874, D. Appleby, W. C Swan ; 1875, J. A. Shade ; 1876, A. Cree, John Smith; 1877, Mrs. W. C Knhn, W. H. Lee, W. Mc Gowan ; 1878, S. C. Montgomery, D. S. Walters, W. C. Swan, W. Mc Gowan, W. H Lee; 1879, W. C. Kuhn, H. C. Zeigler; 1880, J. C. Roddy, S. C. Montgomery; 1881, J. Brown, William Cook, W. C. Swan, W. McGowen, D. S. Walters. Methodist Episcopal Church. — There are but two churches in this township, one in the borough 268 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. of Shade Gap, built in 1847. Who the pioneer mem bers were we are unable to say. This society is a part of a circuit, and is served alternately by the senior and junior preacher. The meeting-house is a frame building, located on the west side of Main Street. The Presbyterian Church is located outside the borough and near William A. Hudson's. The old church was a log building, erected in 1800, and stood on the site of the present brick church edifice, built in 1848. The present trustees of the Presbyterian Church are J. E. Harper, S. C. Montgomery, Robert McNeil, William Wilson, and John J. Swan. Musical. — The only social or musical organization in this township or borough is the Shade Gap Cornet Band, organized in November, 1880, with fifteen members, t For 1882 the organization was as follows : S. C Montgomery, leader ; A. A. Minick, 1st E-flat cornet; Frank Scott, 2d E-flat cornet ; W. C. Locke, solo B-flat cornet ; S. N. Minick, 2d B-flat cor net; Charles Scott, solo alto ; S. H. Price, 1st alto ; John McGowan, 2d alto; J. E. McGowan, 1st B-flat tenor; John Swan, 2d B-flat tenor; E. H. Montgomery, B-flat baritone; C. G. Minick, tuba; William Wagoner, tuba ; Miles Appleby, drum and cymbals ; G. Neely and W. McGowan, small drums; J. E. McGowan, president; S. N. Minick, secretary; John Swan, treasurer. Educational. — Dublin Township. — There are in this township eight school districts, which in 1881 had five months' school each, and employed six male and two female teachers at $20 per month each. There were in that year 114 male and 196 female pupils, and an average attendance of 148 scholars. The total amount of tax levied for school and build ing purposes during that year was $984.14 ; State appropriation, $311.43; total expenditures for the year, $1184.95. Shade Gap Borough. — The borough has one school, and in 1881 a school was taught five months. Total amount of tax levied for that year was $76.81 ; State appropriation for the year, $42.15 ; total ex penditures, $127.16. The school board for 1882 were : President, W. C. Swan ; Secretary, S. C. Montgomery ; Treasurer, D. S. Walters; and Henry C. Zeigler, William Mc Gowan, James Cree. CHAPTER XL. FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP. This township extends northeast from the Little Juniata to the Centre County line, a distance of nearly twelve miles, embracing the Spruce Creek Valley and the country lying between the Tussey Mountains on the southeast and the hills of War rior's Mark township on the northwest. The average width of the township is about four and a half miles The surface has a general inclination towards the river, and that part of it in the valley of Spruce Creek is underlaid by limestone, and has a very pro ductive soil. Although limited in extent, these lands are held in high esteem for agricultural purposes and the valley contains a number of fine and well-im proved farms. The evidences of comfort and plenty appear in the form of good roads and fences and handsome homes. Much of the northwestern slope of the valley contains rich deposits of iron ore, the development of which has enriched the township, and given it a foremost position among the iron manufacturing districts of the State. Within its bounds are two extensive furnaces, and in the best period of the manufacture of charcoal-iron it was the seat of six or eight forges. For the successful carrying on of these enterprises Spruce Creek and its principal affluent, Warrior's Mark Run, have been important factors. The former is a rapid, constant stream of clear mountain water, affording a number of powers in its course which have been well utilized. The latter stream has a smaller volume, but is also constant and supplied with mill-seats. It has a gen eral southeastern course, and flows into Spruce Creek three miles above its mouth. The township is well supplied with springs, some of which are remarkable for their size and the excellence of their waters. Early Settlers and Old Surveys.— Mention has already been made of Alexander Ewing. On Aug. 31, 1786, he took a warrant for three hundred and fifty acres of land, including an improvement begun in 1777. The survey, containing three hundred and eighty-four acres and one hundred and forty perches, preserves the north of Ireland name of "Aughnacloy." His next neighbor on the south, Zephaniah Weak- land, owned an improvement made in May, 1786, by Jacob Miner. Elexous Fowler, another neighbor on the northwest side, owned a tract, including Spruce Creek, that was improved in 1783. The tract next below Weakland's is the old Travis farm called "Moulines," and was first improved in May, 1777. Continuing down the creek we find next Abraham Dean's tract at the Great Falls, called Mexico, the warrant for which was issued Sept. 2, 1784. From this tract to near the mouth of the creek, which was then called the East Branch of the Little Juniata, the best land had been taken up by speculators in 1766. Richard Rickets, in 1786, owned the tract at the junction of Warrior's Mark Run with Spruce Creek, that had been improved in 1781. Immediately below the forks and on the western side of the creek an improvement was begun in 1761' on a tract that in 1791 was divided between and occupied by John Spanogle and Henry Nearhoof. Passing down the creek the next old and adjoining survey included parts of the farms of John Q. Adams, Robert L. Hen derson, David P. Henderson, and others. Imme- FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP. 269 diately below, and extending along the creek to its junction with the Little Juniata and up the north bank of that stream for more than half a mile, is a tract held by a warrant issued June 14, 1762, probably the oldest in the township. The application describes it as being " situated in the forks of Little Juniata Creek, including the clear meadows.'J On the original field-work of this survey, made Sept. 12, 1766, occurs probably the earliest application of the name "Spruce Creek" to the stream now known, only by that desig nation. Feb. 22, 1788, Abraham Sells applied for a warrant for twenty-five acres of land "lying on the mouth of Spruce Creek, including of one mill." The improve ment was made in 1766. . On the 10th of July, 1789, James Hunter surveyed a route for a road from the head of the Cool Run to the Indian fording on Spruce Creek. The beginning tree stood at the road leading from Huntingdon to Northumberland. The points noted along the route were Charles Montgomery's barn, George Mathorn's lane, and John Smith's barn. The line crossed War rior's Mark Run, and appeared to terminate about fifty-six perches southwest therefrom. Hunter, who was a surveyor of extensive practice, became the owner by deeds, executed in 1794 and 1795, of a large and valuable farm, since subdivided and held by Rob ert L. Henderson, John Q. Adams, and others. He resided there for a number of years. In 1817 it be came the property of Joseph Moore. The Gensimer, Pat. Madden, Dysart Plum Bottom, Stewart, Seeds, and other farms are parts of the Lon don Company's land, and were warranted in 1766. An Indian path extending from Water Street , to the path leading from Frankstown to the Bald Eagle's Nest, shown upon the old maps, traversed these lands in a northwest direction from the crossing of the Little Juniata, a short distance above Spruce Creek village. James Armitage settled at an early date on War rior's Mark Run, near Huntingdon Furnace, and warranted several tracts of land. The oldest warrant was issued July 23, 1776, and a survey was made thereon the next year by Thomas Smith, then deputy surveyor. Other warrants for adjacent lands were granted to him in 1785, 1786, and 1788. Some time before 1787 he had erected a grist-mill. The following names appear upon the first assess ment taken after the organization of the township at March sessions, 1789 : Armitage, James (mill) 300 Addleman, Andrew Boreland, John 300 Burgess, William 50 Boyd, Andrew (tannery) 150 Crain, Evan Cheney, Richard 200 Crafflus, Peter 82 Clark, William 40 Calderwood, James Caldwell, James 150 Cox, Joseph 150 Davidson, Benjamin 412 Elder, David 100 Acres. Elder, Andrew 250 Fowler, Alexander 50 Foster, John -. Ferguson, William Fee, Josepl Green, Nathan 50 Gardner, Franciscus Ganoe, Jacob 100 Gill, John '¦ Hartsock, Jonathan 50 Hartline, Leonard 100 Hyskell, Benjamin 100 Ingram, John 514 Johnston, Benjamin 200 AcreB. Jackson, James 150 Kerr, James 200 Kelly, William 150 Kent, Joseph Kane, James Kerr, Thomas 200 Kiuter, John 200 Lewis, John 50 Lutz, Michael 100 Lewis, Evan 215 Loage, Hugh 230 Montgomery, Charles 150 Mattern, George 250 McCartney, Robert 200 McCreary, John 200 Massey, Mordecai 300 Meek, George 100 Moore, William 150 Montgomery, Thomas 150 McGuffock, Benjamin 45 McClellan, William 75 Mann, John 150 McClure, David 250 Mackey, James (distillery) Noble, John 150 Nearhoof, Henry 125 Acres. Peck, Daniel 200 Parks, James 200 Peunington, Daniel 300 Porter, Andrew.Sr. (grist-mill) 200 Rickett, Richard 80 Rlckott, Edward 400 Ramsey, David 200 Ramsey, Alexander 150 Sells, Abraham (millB) 125 Spanogle, Johu 125 Smith, John 350 Stewart, Alexander 100 Stewart, Robert 300 Scott, David 200 Sexton, George 40 Travis, Widow 160 Thompson, William 150 Thompson, Thomas 150 * Tipton, John 150 Vaughan, Thomas (mill)........ 25 Weakley, Zephaniah 100 Williams, James 300 Webb, John Weakley, William Weston, Thomas 150 Single Men. John Montgomery. Alexander Ewing (mill). Some of the foregoing were among the first settlers, but many had lived for a period in Franklin, and re moved to distant parts, leaving no account of their settlement in the township. George Mattern, a native of Germany, came from Maryland in 1779, and the following year secured a deed for his land, upon which he had already built a cabin. Into this he and his family moved the same year. Besides Catherine, his wife, there were chil dren named George, Jacob, Adam, Andrew, David, John, Elizabeth, and Catherine. The cabin stood near where was afterwards the " Seven Stars" build ing, a large log house used for tavern purposes many years, and which was not demolished until 1866. The elder Mattern died in 1810. His daughters married Truman Curtis and Andrew Truby. George, the oldest son, married Catherine Hyskell, and settled west of Franklinville, on the present John B. Thomp son farm, where he died in 1833. He was the father of John Mattern, of Centre County ; Samuel, living at Franklinville at the age of eighty-five years ;' George P., and Jacob S., deceased. The daughters married Henry Fulton, John Gray, Isaac Gray, and William McPherran. The second son of George, Sr., Jacob, lived on the homestead until his death in 1851, at the age of eighty-one years. He was the father of sons named John W., David B., Andrew, and Henry, who moved to the West; George W., owning the homestead ; William J., living in Clarion County ; and Jacob and Jeremiah, living in Hollidaysburg. Daughters married Samuel Conrad, William Stevens, George Shoup, John B. Thompson, Samuel Miller, and Alex ander Babb. John and Andrew Mattern moved to Ohio and Clarion County. David, the fifth son, mar ried Catherine Wareham, and died on the present Ingram farm in Franklin township. He had daugh ters, who married John Marks and Samuel Marks, of Tyrone; Samuel Jones, of the same place; Caleb Jones, of Minnesota; Angus Gill, of Clearfield; and 1 Since deceased. 270 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Nicholas Parks, of Franklin. His sons were named David J., John W., and George, the latter being killed by a railway engine at Tyrone Forges. About the same time, 1780, Charles Montgomery, an Irishman, came from Maryland and settled on the present Stewart farm. He died in the township at an advanced age. Of his sons, John removed to Wil liamsburg; Thomas died in the township, one of his daughters becoming the wife of William B. Johnston ; Charles, after living on the homestead a number of years, removed to Armstrong County. The daughters married John Porter, of Alexandria, and John King, who removed to Clarion County. William Ingram settled on the present Ingram farm about 1787, living there until his death some time about 1830. He had two sons, John and William. A daughter married Samuel Wigton, of Franklin. The oldest son was married to Mary Ann McCartney, and they were the parents of sons named Robert O., William D., and John W. Ingram. Adjoining the Ingram farm lived as pioneers John Nichol and James Clarke, and below Ingram was the farm on which lived Robert McCartney,1 one of the earliest prominent settlers of Franklin. Farther up the stream, on a farm yet owned by the Travis family, John Travis settled at an early day. His son James was the progenitor of the family now living in Frank lin. Next above was the farm of George Thompson, of Irish descent, the father of Gardner M. and Harris Thompson, who removed to Illinois. Evan Crain lived on the farm next above the latter, and was a settler there before any of the foregoing. The road leading from his improvements was called " Crain's path," and was a landmark among the pioneers. He was the father of sons named John, Evan, Henry, Abraham, and Benjamin, and descendants of his family yet remain in the township. Alexander Ewing crossed Tussey's Mountain from Barree before 1790, and settled at what is now Grays- ville, owning a large tract of land in that vicinity, and being also the owner of mills. He was a devout Pres byterian, and in 1809 went to Lancaster County to procure a large Bible, which he carried all the way in his arms to his Franklin home. This book is now the property of his grandson, A. B. Ewing, of Frank linville. He died in 1828, and his wife in 1831. Of their children, Thomas, the oldest son, married a daughter of John Bailey and removed to the West; William, the second son, born in 1798, married Ra chel Gray and removed to Venango County. He was the father of Alexander G. Ewing, of Franklin town ship. James, another son, was the husband of Esther Bailey, and lived until his death at Graysville, de parting this life in 1854. The youngest son, John, 1 Robert McCartney was drowned Wednesday, Jan. 27, 1813, in fording the Little Juniata at James Gray's fording, near the Dr. McPherran place. Up to February 11th his body had not been recovered, and his administrators offered a reward of twenty dollars for its recovery. He was remarkable for stature, being six feet and six inches in height. born in 1808, is yet a resident of Graysville ; Mary a daughter, became the wife of James G. McWilliams of Centre County, and is also a resident of the above place at the age of eighty-two years. At Graysville Jonathan McWilliams was an early settler, follow ing the blacksmith's trade. Subsequently he made axes on Fowler's^Run near the gap of the mountain. He attained legislative honors, and was elected asso ciate judge. His sons were John B., George W. Thomas, and Samuel, the latter being a banker at McVeytown, Mifflin Co. David Stewart, a native of Dauphin County, came to Pennsylvania Furnace as a manager, but subse quently became an associate of John Lyon and An thony Shorb as owners of the furnace. In 1831 he moved to Coleraine Forges, and lived there until his death in May, 1869, aged seventy-seven years. He was the father of S. O. Stewart, of Tyrone Forges, and of other sons who removed to Ohio. Two of his daughters were married to the Rev. J. R. Hughes and L. M. Speer, also of that State ; and two others, Catherine W. and Margaret, occupy the homestead at Coleraine. A sister of David Stewart became the wife of John Lyon, who was the father of George W. Lyon, of Pennsylvania Furnace. George Anshutz, the pioneer of the iron inter ests in Huntingdon County, lived at Huntingdon Furnace from about 1795 till 1830, when he re moved to Pittsburgh. He had sons named George, Jacob, and Christian, who left the township about the same time. At a later period James and Joseph Dysart settled southwest from the furnace, coming from Mifflin County. They were the sons of Joseph Dysart, and nephews of Col. Alexander Dysart, of Sinking Valley, for a number of years one of the most popular men in the county. James Dysart mar ried Betsey Roller, a daughter of Philip Boiler, of Morris, and moved to Lee County, 111. He was the father of John Dysart, of Porter township; of the Hon. Joseph P. Dysart, of Iowa ; and of sons named Alexander, William, Philip, and Samuel, living in Illinois. Joseph Dysart lived on a farm adjoining Jarfies' many years, when he moved to Tyrone. His daughters became the wives of E. B. Isett, Dr. Samuel Conrad, and McLain. The sons were named Wilson, James, John, and William. Daniel Conrad, from Lancaster County, lived on Eden Hill until his death. He was the father of daugh ters who married George Dinsmore, David Henderson, James Dickson, and William Hunt. The sons were Samuel, who became a Baptist minister in Indiana County ; Daniel, who died in Franklin ; John, who lived at McAlevy's Fort until his death, and who was the father of Wilber F. Conrad, of Tyrone; and Fletcher, Benson W., and Charles Conrad, of Phila delphia. In the same neighborhood Hugh Seeds improved a farm which is now owned by his son, John C. Robert Henderson, a native of County Derry, Ireland, came "m- ALEXANDER STEWART. Robert E. Stewart was born in County Down, Ireland, and when forty years old left his native land, and in the sailing-ship " Faithful" Bailed for the new world beyond the sea. After a stormy passage of ten weeks he landed in New York, and with a spade on his back with which to examine the soil, he started inland on foot. His idea was to travel until he found a location where land was cheap and the aoil good. Arrived in the big valley in Huntingdon County, Pa., he obtained employment on a farm, where he remained a short time. Here he met with Miss Elizabeth Emmet, who, unknown to him, had crossed the ocean in the same vessel and at the same time he did. Miss Emmet was thirty years of age, full of life and vigor, and well fitted to be a pioneer wife and mother. After a short courtship they were married. The next spring they came into what is now Franklin township, and located ou six hundred and forty acres of land be had bought from the State. As they looked over the broad acres they had bought, covered with the primeval foreBt, watered by mountain brooks and Bprings of pure water, with wild game of every kind in great abundance, and with the streams stocked with every variety of fish, and felt that it was aU theirs, it seemed to their proud hearts a second garden of Eden. They named it Eden Farm, and it is still known as Eden Hill. Until Mr. Stewart could build a cabin they lived and slept under a large oak tree. The cabin was built of poles, and covered with short boughs and dirt, and served as a home until fall. The cabin built, he cleared away the trees and brush from a spot whereon he raised a good garden, and later in the year had prepared a piece for buckwheat, on which he raised a crop that season. By fall he had built a comfortable log house, every part of which he made with his axe, save the roof, and it was thatched with straw. In the home thus built their children— who wen Alexander, Martha, Elizabeth, and Robert— were born (the last of these died in boyhood), and in it Mr. Stewart died in 1837. His wife died there also, after living sixty years on the farm which she lived to see in truth a garden of Eden to herself and children. When they first settled on the place the Indians were still very troublesome, and Mr. Stewart and his wife many times slept in the bushes at night, and he learned what it was to dodge around among the hills, expecting every moment to hear the crack of the red man's rifle. At times, when the danger from the Indians became too great, the family would leave their homes aud go to the fort at Huntingdon. They were both members of the Presbyterian Church, and were strict in their observance of the Sabbath and church rules. At his death he left half of his farm to his two daughters, the balance to his son Alexander, who was born Aug. 18, 1794. Growing to manhood on the home farm, among the dangers and hardships of pioneer life, he Beemed to inherit the sterling virtues and the rugged character of the men of the times. His school experience was confined to fourteen and one-half days at the Birmingham school. After the school-house was built in the neighborhood he generally boarded the teacher, with whose assist ance, after school hours, he fitted himself for any ordinary business. He married Miss Elizabeth Evens, who was born on shipboard in 1796, when her parents were emigrating from Scotland to this country. They bought a farm in Allegheny County, Pa , on which they settled, and on which they were living when Mr. Stewart went to their neigh borhood to visit a friend. He met and became acquainted with Miss Evens, and six months after returned, and their marriage was the result. Prior to her parents settling in Allegheny County, they re mained a short time in North Carolina, where they first landed. The wedding tour of the new married couple was* a horseback ride from the homo of the bride to that of the groom. Her horse, saddle, and bridle was her wedding dowry. In 1840 Mr. Stewart erected a fine cut-stone house, the like of which is not to be seen in all the country around. The cellar wall is three and one-half feet thick. The wall of the house from top to bottom is two feet thick. The stone around the windows and doors reach through the entire thickness of the wall, making a structure as strong as its internal appointments are elegant. It is now, with half of the farm then owned by him, the property of his son, Andrew Jackson. Mr. Stewart was, like his father, a Presbyterian of the old school, as was his wife. In politics he was a Democrat, and held different town ship offices, though he was not a politician. He departed this life leaving behind him the record of an honest, upright life. To them were born the following children: Mary j Robert E.; George W., born Aug, 14, 1827; Martha, May 16, 1829; Elizabeth, March 3, 1831; Rachel, June 2,1832; Andrew J., July 7, 1835; Franklin, Nov. 14, 1836 ; Jane, Jan. 1, 1838; William W., May 1, 1840, and David P., Feb. 27, 1842. The farm of Alexander is now owned by his sons George W. and Andrew J., both worthy representatives of an honored name. George W. married Miss Margaret Ginter, Aug. 14, 1852. Their chil dren were Alexander G., born Oct. 22, 1856 ; John E., Aug. 3, 1858 ; David P., Feb. 9, 1860; Elizabeth, April 11, 1862; Barbara, Jan. 15, 1864; George B. McClellan, Dec. 20, 1865; Andrew J., Nov. 8, 1867; Rachel, July 24, 1869. For his second wife he married on the 2tst day of February, 1872, Miss Martha E. Goodman. Their union has been blessed with six children, viz.: James, born Jan. 22, 1873; Maggie May, March 21, 1874; Esther C, Sept. 5, 1875; Washington, May 27, 1877 ; Glen Dola, July 10, 1879 ; Alphed P., April 12, 1881. A Ub«'«|» mm. f dPaa/id crv&nctetJifri/ FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP. 271 from Chester County about 1800, and died on the Bald Eagle Ridge some eight years later, leaving a family of eight children; Of these, Samuel, the oldest, died on the Henry Kuhn place; Thomas removed to Ohio; Robert died in Centre County ; John died in Warrior's Mark (he was the father of Robert L. Henderson, of that township) ; Joseph removed to Colorado, and Elias to California ; David, of whom we append a short sketch, another son, has lived in Franklin and vicin ity most of the time since 1800. He was married to Margaret Conrad, and reared children as follows : Robert L., residing on the " Moore" farm ; Thomas K., living at Union Furnace; Samuel O, living at Warrior's Mark; David P., occupying the home stead; Elizabeth married Daniel Weight; and Isa bella, John S. Weight, both of Warrior's Mark; Jane, Samuel Dysart, of Illinois ; and Mary, living at Spruce Creek. David Henderson was born June 30, 1797, in Bald Eagle Valley, in what is now Taylor township, Cen tre Co., Pa. His father, Robert Henderson, was a native of the Emerald Isle, and emigrated to this country from County Derry during the Revolutionary war. He reared a family of nine sons and one daugh ter. He died when David, the subject of this memoir, was but seven years old, leaving him at that tender age to the charity of a cold, unfeeling world. When fourteen years of age he was employed by the Anshutz Iron Company at Huntingdon Furnace to carry their mail to and from Alexandria, Pa., which was then their nearest post-office. This position he filled for one year, at the expiration of which time he was ap prenticed to Joseph Wagner to learn the shoemaking business. After serving three years and learning his trade, he for a time worked as a journeyman shoe maker. He then for the purpose of bettering his for tune went to the State of Ohio, accomplishing most of the distance on foot. Arrived at his destination he worked for some time at his trade. He was then prostrated by a severe attack of sickness, on recover ing from which he concluded to retrace his steps to the land of his nativity. Purchasing a horse for forty dollars he made the homeward journey on horseback, arriving at Wallace's tavern, near Union Furnace, with but twelve and one-half cents in his purse. This he paid for a feed for his horse, then made his way to Half- Moon Valley, where he joined his mother in her humble home. Soon after he commenced working at his trade in Franklin township, on the premises now owned by Judge Laporte, his only capital being the forty dollars received for his horse. Here he did a large amount of work for the extensive iron-works in that neigh borhood, viz., Pennsylvania, Bald Eagle, and Hun tingdon Furnaces and Coleraine Forges. It was at a time when the work had to be done entirely by hand, and he employed as many as eighteen journeymen at one time. He received his pay in bar-iron, which he wagoned to Pittsburgh twice a year. About the time he thought the teams would have reached the summit of the Allegheny Mountains he would start on foot, overtake and precede them to Pittsburgh, where he would sell his iron, purchase leather, etc., to reload his wagons for their homeward trip. In 1821 he mar ried Margaret Conrad, a most estimable lady, who, after a life of exemplary Christian piety and useful ness, died April 10, 1877, at the age of seventy-seven years. Mr. Henderson in 1831 commenced farming on the farm now known as the homestead, one and a half miles from the village of Spruce Creek, in Frank lin township, Huntingdon Co., Pa. For the farm he paid the then large sum of seventeen hundred dollars. To the pursuit thus adopted by him he ever afterwards devoted his undivided energies. He never speculated nor engaged in any other business, and in time be came, as is now said by many, one of the most suc cessful farmers in the county, paying for one farm only to buy and in time to pay for another. In the year 1864 he purchased a property in the village of Spruce Creek, to which he removed and where he spent the last years of his life, dying Oct. 7, 1882. At the time of his death he was possessed of considerable wealth of real and personal estate. He was the father of a large family of children, four sons and four daughters being still living. He died sur rounded with all the comforts of life which wealth, domestic happiness, and filial affection were capable of affording, and universally esteemed and respected. Mr. Henderson was a man of genial disposition, social habits, and kindly nature. In his after-years he be came very fond of entertaining his friends with the reminiscences and experiences of early life, an inter esting fund of which a good memory had blessed him with. He commenced the battle of life under ad verse circumstances, but fought it bravely and well with none of the modern advantages of an early edu cation. Without money or friends, and with nothing to rely upon but his own resources, his success in life was owing entirely to diligence in business, untiring industry, and that keen insight into human nature aud the practical business affairs of life with which nature had endowed him ; .and he is an evidence of what may be accomplished by prudence, economy, and industry, habits which, if strictly observed and properly cultivated, cannot fail of ultimate success. The lands lying at the mouth of Spruce Creek were warranted June 4, 1762, but were not patented until many years afterwards. On the east side of the creek the Bebault brothers erected simple mills in the colo nial period, and made other slight improvements. During the Revolution this property was occupied by Levi Hicks, who operated the mill. He was a brother of Moses and Gershom Hicks, both unmarried men, who had their home at Water Street. Levi had a half-breed for a wife and several children. This fact led him to believe that he would have immunity from Indian attacks, and he consequently paid no heed to the warnings of his neighbors, who urged him to go Ill HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. to some fort, in the spring of 1778, when Indians were reported to be about. On the 12th of May that year he started his mill as usual, early in the morning, and then went to get his breakfast. While at the house he procured a needle and thread to mend his moccasins, and returning to the mill seated himself in the door to do this work. He soon heard the rustling of leaves near the mill, but having no idea that Indians were about, he imprudently, and contrary to his custom, went to see what caused it, leaving his wife in the mill. While advancing towards the spot from whence the noise issued, he was shot through the heart. Mrs. Hicks heard the gun and ran down to the river, crossed the fording, and sped with all haste towards Lytle's Fort. On the way she met a horseman, but could hardly make him understand her, but when he com prehended the story he quickly rode to the fort. Mrs. Hicks then for the first time saw her boy, about ten years old, following her, which recalled her thoughts to her children. Arriving at the fort, the men there re fused to go in pursuit of the Indians, on one pretext or other, until the next day. They then found Hicks scalped on the spot where he fell. A little girl who had ventured out to see what the Indians were doing to her father was knocked on the head, scalped, and left for dead. The Indians left without entering the house, into which the little girl managed to crawl, where she was found the next day sitting in a corner and gibbering like an idiot. Her face and head were covered with clotted blood. Two children were lying on the floor crying, and the infant in the cradle was moaning for nourishment. The scalped girl lived a number of years, but, not having had medical attend ance, became feeble-minded. No clue of the Indians could be obtained, nor did any other depredation fol low the murder of Hicks.1 After the Revolution Abraham Sells lived a num ber of years at the mouth of Spruce Creek, and later Jacob Beigle owned a tract of six hundred acres on both sides of the river, including the mill-seat, which was parceled out among his sons. In 1827, Jacob Isett purchased the property, and the same year his son, John S., made it his. home, residing at Spruce Creek since that period. He was born at Arch Spring, Oct. 14, 1799, and at the age of twenty-six years married Mary N., a daughter of Edward Bell, of Bell's Mills. Of their family, nine attained ma jority, viz.: Edward B., president of the Altoona Bank, but residing at Spruce Creek; William D., a merchant in Altoona ; Jacob H., living on part of the homestead; John D:, a citizen of the upper part of the valley ; and daughters who married, Eleanor, James K. Lawrence; Mary, James Gardner, who died at Spruce Creek in 1858; Ann, C. F. Sargent, of West Philadelphia; and Lucretia, the youngest, is the wife of Dr. Sidney Thompson, of Spruce Creek. Following the development of the iron interests of 1 Vide Junes, Juniata Valley. Franklin, the population increased rapidly, many of those coming in remaining as permanent settlers. The property list of the divided township contained the following names in 1812: Acres. Anshutz, George (furnace, forge, 2 grist-mills, 2 saw mills, 23 horses) 1000 Boreland, James 40 Barealoe, James Biegle, Jacob (grist- and saw- mills) 594 Biegle, Daniel Biegle, John, Jr Bailey, Jesse, Jr 19 Bartlett, John 100 Biegle, George Caskey, John 50 Con rad, Daniel Crain,Evan 200 Clark, James 200 Cartwright, Moses Cartwright, Edward Conrad, Michael Dearmont, Daniel Dougherty, Antbony Davis, Morgan 30 Dysart, Joseph 200 Eavy, John 165 Elder, David 116 Ewing, Alexander (grist- and saw-mill) 380 Eighmy, Peter Foster, John 100 Flemming, Thomas 80 Graham, Jeremiah Gray, Samuel 29 Gray, John (tavern) 150 Garland, Moses Graffius, Daniel 60 Garland, Henry Gurney & Patton (saw-mill and forge) 100 HickB, Widow Hunter, James... 309 Hast line, Leonard 200 Hostler, John 183 Hardy, George Haines, Jacob Johnston, David 200 Jackson, James Johnston, Thomas Jackson, George Ingram, William 534 Jamieson, John 8 Kuhn, Henry 135 Kellernmn, Frederick Kerr, Joseph S Law, Benjamin 89 Lenppr, Samuel Miller, John.... Mat tern, Widow McClelland, William 50 Marshall, Samuel (gn'Bt-mill tavern, aud distillery) ,' f» Myers, Jacob ".' Montgomery, Thomas (saw- *"" mill) g0 Mattern, David " McCartney, Robert (distillery) 332 Mattern, John *' Mattern, George (heirs).!!!]""] 280 McCauley, James Merony, Thomas ]!!]!] "]]] McWilliams, James "" McDonald, Patrick ! McClelland, Widuw !" "46 Mattern, George ] 104 Maitern, Andrew !, Murray, Thomas ..]]', „,]] Mackey, James ' Miller, John ]."] Moreland, John " ...„ McDennit, William (steel fur- """ nace, forge, aud store) 178 Mattern, Jacob 33 McWilliams, William ! 127 Nichol (distillery) 187 Palgrove, George, Sr Palgrove, George, Jr Peck, Henry ; 236 Potts, Stephen Richardson, George 470 Richardson, William Richardson, Alexander. 80 Rumberger, Adam „ Rickett, Isaac 12 Roche, Edward „ Stonebraker, John 65 Simpson, James Stewart, John Stewart, Robert 20 Stonebraker, Valentine Stewart, William Truby, Jacob 336 Tiitter, Jacob Thompson, George (distillery). 322 Travis, John 188 Tries, John Van Zandt, Breese Van Allen, Peter Woolheaver, Adam Wright, Frederick , Williamson, James - Wagoner, Jacob Wilson, Thomas Wnrtz, Peter 10 Williamson, Hiram Wagoner, Joseph Zeek, Charles Belman, Peter. Brady, John. Cragin, Robert. Clark, Amos. Clark, James J. Calderwood, John. Elder, Robert. Freeman, Adam. Gray, John, Jr. Hemphill, Jacob. Johnston, Patterson. Kuhn, John. Murren, Joseph. McKinney, Daniel. Single Freemen. McPherran, John. Montgomery, Charles, Jr. Mattern, Daniel. McCurdy, Daniel. McDennit, William. McDermit, Joseph. Patton, William. Ramsey, Archibald. Truby, Jacob, Jr. Truby, Jonathan. Wilson, Abraham. Wakefield, James. Wilson, James. Williamson, Hiram. In 1880 the population of Franklin township was 1129. Civil Organization.— At the March sessions of the Court of Quarter Sessions in 1789, the petition of a number of inhabitants of the north end of Tyrone township was read, setting forth the difficulties they labor under from the extent of said township, and praying for relief in the premises, when it was FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP. 273 "Ordered tbat it be recommended to bis Excellency the President, and the Supreme Executive Council, to erect the north end of Tyrone town Bhip aforesaid into a separate township and district for the purpose of electing Justices of the Peace, to be recorded by the name of Franklin Township, and bounded as follows, viz. : Beginning on the Little Juni ata River, at the line of Huntingdon township [now Porter], thence up the same to the corner of Frankstown township at Logan Narrows, thence by the line of FrankBtown township to the line of Northumber land County; thence by the same to the corner of Barree township; thence by the line of Barree to the line of Huntingdon township, and thence by the Bame to the place of beginning." Warrior's Mark township was set off from Franklin January sessions, 1798, and by the formation of Centre County a part of the northern en d was shorn off. Si nee the organization the principal officers have been as fol lows: CONSTABLES. 1789, Shadrach Tipton ; 1790, Robert Stewart ; 1791, Abraham Sell; 1792, Thomas Kerr; 1793, John Mann ; 1794, James Dixon ; 1795, Daniel Plimpton ; 1796, Benjamin Johnston ; 1797, Thomas Thompson ; 1798, Charles Montgomery ; 1799, Jacob Truby ; 1800, Mordecai Massey ; 1801, Leonard HaBtline; 1802, William Ingram; 1803, James Hun ter; 1804, John Stull; 1805, Henry Coon; 1S06, Henry Traver; 1807, John Stull ; 1808, William McClellan ; 1809, John Gray ; 1810, Alex- ander Ewing; 1811, David Elder; 1812, John Nichol; 1813, George Mathorn ; 1814-15, Benjamin Law ; 1816, Jacob Mathorn ; 1817, John Stonebraker; 1818, John Kuhn; 1819, Samnel W. Caldwell; 1820, Isaac Hazlett ; 1821, Thomas Owens ; 1822, James Dysart; 1823, John McFerrin ; 1824, Israel Evans ; 1 825, Wil Ham Ingram ; 1 826-32, Joh n H. Stonebraker ; 1833, David Garland; 1834, Joseph Tippery. OVERSEERS OF THE POOR. 1790, Alexander Stewart ; 1791, Charles Montgomery, Robert McCartney ; 1792, Evan Lewis, Henry Nearhoof; 1793, John Glenn, David Scott; 1794, Andrew Boyd, Charles Montgomery ; 1795, David Lewis, Sam uel Marshall; 1796, John Nichol, Abraham Elder ; 1797, Evan Lewis, James Gibson ; 1798, George Hinkle, John TeBter ; 1799, Henry Near hoof, John Borland ; 1800, James Armitage, John Glenn. SUPERVISORS OF ROADS. 1790, John Smith ; 1791, Thomas Kerr, George Meek ; 1792, Robert Stewart, George Meek; 1793, Thomas Weston, Henry Nearhoof; 1794, Archibald Ramsey. George Mathorn; 1795, John McClure, Charles Montgomery ; 1796, James Hunter, Alexander Stewart ; 1797-98, John Spanogle, David Lewis; 1799, Leonard Hartline, Mordecai MasBey; 1800, Jonathan Hartsock, John Evans; 1801, Kobert McCartney, Alexander Ewing; 1802, S. Marshall, Evan Crane; 1803, Jacob Truby, John Bickel; 1804, William Ingram, John Spanogle; 1805, Jonathan Travis, John Spanogle; 1806, David Elder, George Mathorn ; 1807, George Thompson, John Stonebraker ; 1808, John Gray, Thomas Montgomery ; 1809, John Foster, Henry Peck; 1810, JameB Clark, Robert McCartney; 1813, John Nichol, Caleb Roller; 1814, James Borland, Jacob Mathorn; 1815-16, Ed ward B. Patton, Samuel Gray; 1817, Leonard Hartline, George Beigle; 1818, Geurge Thompson, Jacob Beigle ; 1819, John Stone braker, George Thompson ; 1820, John Stonebraker, John Stewart ; 1821, James Clark, Johu Beigle; 1822-23 (no report) ; 1824, Thomas Ewing, Robert Moore; 1825, Charles Montgomery, Alexander Stew art; 1826, David Mattern, John McPherran ; 1826, Robert Elder, William Lytle, Jr. ; 1827, David' Mattern, Davis Junkinger ; 1828, Stephen Davis, John Stonebraker; 1829-30, Adam Rumberger, Thomas Johnston ; 1831, James Wilson, Richard Jones ; 1832, Henry Crane, Joseph Dysart ; 1833, Thomas Montgomery, David Hender son; 1834, William H. Beck, Thomas Taylor; 1835, William H. Beck, John Allen; 1836, Joseph Wagner, John Allen; 1837, John Mark, John H. Stonebraker; 1838, James Ewing, Hugh Seeds; 1839, James Enyeart, James Travis ; 1840, John W. Mattern, Samuel McPherran; 1841, Richard Jones, Christopher Getts ; 1812, John McCurdy, Daniel Weight ; 1843, J. S. Mattern, Anderson Henry ; 1844, Samnel Jones, J. H. Stonebraker ; 1845, John H. Stonebraker, Gardner M. Thompson; 1846, John H. Stonebraker, Joseph Travis; 1847, John S. Isett, J. McWilliams ; 1848, John Conrad, James Oliver ; 1849, Christopher Wigton, Abraham Crane ; 1850, Johu L. Travis, John McPherran; 1851, William Coleburn, Alexander Stewart; 1862, David Henderson, John Wray ; 1853, George W. Mattern, 18 ' Hugh Seeds; 1854, Abraham Weight, James Ewing; 1855, J. H. Stonebraker, Abraham Crane; 1856, William B. McWilliams, J. H. Stonebraker ; 1857, John B. Thompson, John L. Travis ; 1858, John Keimer, G. M. Thompson ; 1859, David Henderson, Frederick Criss- man ; 1860, James Oliver, Robert T. Henderson ; 1861, David C. Gates, Abraham Weight; 1862, Samuel Sprankle, Daniel Conrad; 1863, A. Crane, A. S. Mcr-herran ; 1864, George W. Mattern, John Q. Adams; 1805, John L. Travis, Washington Stewart; I860, George W. Reynolds, Abraham Weight ; 1867, Daniel Conrad, J. B. Thomp. son ; 1868, W. B. McWilliams, Samuel Thompson ; 1869, R. C. In gram, John McPherran ; 1870-71, H. McMonigal, J. Fisher ; 1872, JameB Oliver, J. Q. Adams; 1873, Abram Hight, John Archey ; 1874, Samuel Wigton, E. E. Boist; 1875, G. W. Reynolds, Robert Hender son; 1876, C. Miller, John Ebberts; 1877, Andrew Oliver, William Wray ; 1878, A. Minnlmer, James S. Mattern ; 1879, N. Minnimer, W. D. Ingram ; 1880, William B. McWilliams, W. S. Love ; 1881, W. S. Love, Thomas McWilliams, George Kryder. A number of roads were located soon after the town ship was organized, and the highways then opened have retained their essential features until the present. In 1810 the road from Coleraine to the mouth of Spruce Creek was laid out, running over the hills. Before this time the principal road out of the valley was from Marshall's mill to the " Hook," thence over a spur of Tussey Mountain down the narrows to the Little Juniata and the Shaver's Creek Valley. Later the main road from Coleraine was located alor/g the creek, and a turnpike built through the valley, which is yet maintained. AUDITORS. 1835, James DyBart; 1836, Jonathan McWilliams; 1837, James McPher ran ; 1838, William Murray, John Ingram ; 1839, William H. Beck; 1840, James Ewing; 1841, William Hunt; 1842, Thompson Burdige; 1843, James Dysart; 1844, William Riley; 1845,- Hays Hamilton; 1846, Richard Jones; 1847, C. Wigton; 1848, John Q. Adams; 1849, William B. Johnston; 1850, James Travis; 1851, Samuel Wigton, William Riley ; 1852, John Q. Adams ; 1853, James Oliver ; 1854, James Morrow: 1855, Moses Miller; 1856, John Zentmeyer; 1857, Adam Keith; 1858, John Q. Adams; 1859, Samuel Wigton; 1860, Samuel Thompson ; 1861, Alfred Porter, William B. Johnston ; 1862, A. G. Ewing; 1863, George W. Mattern; 1864, John W. Mattern; 1865, A. G. Ewing; 1866, Samuel Wigton; 1867, G. W. Mattern ; 1868, A. G. Ewing; 1869, George W. Miittern; 1870-71, J. Q. Adams; 1872, R. Ingram ; 1873, E. B. Isett ; 1874, John Laporte ; 1875, Samnel Wigton; 1876, D. M. Thompson ; 1877, W. B. Johnston; 1878, D. M. Miller; 1879, John B. Isett; 1880, John B. Thompson ; 1881, Johu Q. Adams. General Manufacturing and Business Interests. — One of the first powers improved was at the mouth of Spruce Creek, and was made to operate the Bebault mill, built about 1775, and being of the same type as the Minor mill, described in the history of Porter township. It was here that Levi Hicks, the miller, was massacred by Indians, May 12, 1778. Next the mill property became widely known as belonging to Abraham Sells, who had also a distillery and public- house. Jacob Beigle was the next owner, and im proved the Bebault mill. The property passing into the hands of John S. Isett, in 1828 he built the mill which is at present in operation there. It is a four- story frame, fifty by sixty feet, and is supplied with four runs of stones. The motor is a fourteen-foot overshot-wbeel, and the power has also operated a plaster-mill since 1870. The mills have been the property of Edward B. Isett since 1864. In 1836, John S. Isett built a bloom forge of two fires opposite 274 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. the mill, which was kept in operation pretty generally until 1861. It was called " Stockdale," from the fam ily name of the proprietor's mother, and this title was applied to all the manufacturing interests on Spruce Creek at this point and to that part of the village lying in Franklin, but which is now embraced in the village of Spruce Creek. In 1868 the forge was displaced by a foundry and machine-shop, which was operated a number of years. In 1875 additions were made to the building and the whole converted into the Stockdale Woolen-Factory, by John B. and William D. Isett, and the water-power supplemented by steam. The factory contained one set of machinery and was oper ated chiefly on jeans, but after a few years was discon tinued. The building yet remains, but most of the equipments have been removed, Stockdale's manufac turing interests being limited to the grinding-mills before named. The building of Huntingdon Furnace was the be ginning of the most important era in the industrial history of Franklin township. In 1792, George An shutz, a native of Alsace, France, erected the first blast-furnace in the neighborhood of Pittsburgh, which was abandoned after two years' operation, on account of the mistake made in locating it there, being too remote from the ore-mines. Returning to the East, Mr. Anshutz had his attention directed to the rich ore-fields of Franklin, and was not slow to see that water-power, wood for charcoal, and all the elements for carrying on a successful business were close at hand. He at once conceived the idea that there a blast-furnace could be easily maintained which might be made the nucleus of an immense iron trade. Filled with this idea he succeeded in enlisting in his enterprise Mordecai Massey, after wards, Judge John Gloninger, of Lebanon, and Mar tin Dubbs, of Philadelphia, who formed themselves into the firm of John Gloninger & Co., for the purpose of establishing a charcoal blast-furnace, and carrying on mining at some point in Northwestern Huntingdon County. Although some of the partners had ample means, their faith in the enterprise does not seem to have been very strong, so that the beginning was made on a very small scale. Fifteen acres of land were pur chased near the present Warrior's Mark line in 1796, upon which was built a small furnace, and one horse and a yoke of cattle were provided as a working out fit. George Anshutz was a practical ironmaster, and he managed the business with so much care and thrift that from the first it became profitable. The proceeds were invested in the purchase of mineral lands, so that in 1819 the company owned a tract of forty thousand acres, besides having several new fur naces and the celebrated Tyrone Iron- Works, which consisted of forges, rolling- and slitting-mills, and a nail-factory. Besides these there were grist- and saw mills, stores, and well-tilled farms in such numbers that the company ranked as one of the richest in the State before a score of years had passed around. Meantime it was found that the water-power of the "old seat" was not sufficient to work the furnace up to the capacity required, and a " new seat" was found about two miles farther down Warrior's Mark Run at Armitage's mill, where a furnace of large capacity was erected about 1805. This locality is yet known as Huntingdon Furnace, and is one of the most beau tiful furnace seats in the country. The Armitage mill, which this interest displaced, was one of the oldest in the township. It was built by Caleb Armi tage before Franklin became a separate organization. The company maintained its mill at the "old seat" a number of years, but erected, in due time, a good mill near the new furnace which is yet in operation. The furnace has also been rebuilt, and when last in blast produced forty-five tons of excellent iron per week. About 1835 all the partners except Shoen berger sold their interests in Huntingdon Countv to the firm of Short, Stewart & Co., rival iron manufac turers and proprietors of the Pennsylvania Furnace. Under this arrangement one of the new owners, John Lyon, took up his residence at Huntingdon Furnace, and other partners lived at the different iron-works controlled by the company, which now carried on its business on a scale never before attained. In the course of a few years a division of property was made, whereby Peter Shoenberger became the owner of Huntingdon Furnace and a large tract of land ad joining, rich in mineral wealth or affording good farms. This in time passed into the hands of the present owners, George and John H. Shoenberger. Since the depression of the charcoal-iron trade the furnace has been out of blast, but the dozen or more farms connected with the property are kept in a high state of cultivation. Among the managers connected with the furnace property have been John Maguire, Hays Hamilton, James Shultz, and the present George D. Blair. The first forge in the township was built by Phineas Massey about 1798, and in 1800 became the property of John Gloninger & Co. It was on Spruce Creek, above Franklinville. In 1826 the forge was rebuilt by James Russell & Co., and was last carried on by Christopher Wigton, and was discontinued many years ago. On the creek above this power John Gloninger & Co. built a forge about 1830, which received the name of " Elizabeth." After the lapse of years Martin Gates became the owner, and on the 14th of July, 1849, was drowned in the head-waters of his dam. After being carried on some time by his heirs, the forge was discontinued about 1853. Below Frank linville was a forge, built about 1810 by William Pat ton and Edward B. Roach, which received the name of " Upper Sligo." Three years later he built another forge below that point which received the name of " Lower Sligo.'5 About the same time Samuel Mar shall built a forge in the same locality, already having a mill in operation there. In 1814 the two Sligo FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP. 275 forges were sold to Edward B. Patton and David R. Porter, who failed in 1819 on account of the depres sion in the iron trade, and the forges were for a time inoperative. Prior to that time, about 1811, William McDermitt, a Scotchman, came to the Spruce Creek Valley, and established the pioneer steel-works in America at the head of the Upper Sligo dam, just be low the mouth of Warrior's Mark Run. The works were called " Millington," on account of the excellent reputation of the steel made at Millington, in Eu rope. Various articles of steel were made, such as shovels, scythes, etc., the goods having a fine reputa tion. Soon after the war of 1812 the works were dis continued and the power used to operate a forge of two fires called " Clabunk." This forge was owned, after the McDermitts, by Gilbert Lloyd, Samuel Steel, William Hopkins, William Beigle, and lastly became a part of the Coleraine property. In 1820, David R. Porter married a daughter of William McDermitt, and removed from the township about that time to the borough of Huntingdon. His subsequent career as a public man and Governor of the State is a matter of general history. The Sligo Forges became the property of David McMurtrie about 1820, and later of John Lyon and Robert T. Stewart, who also pur chased the Marshall's Mills forge and property, con solidating them under the name of " Coleraine Forges," which name has been retained to the pres ent. In 1828, Lyon & Stewart sold the Coleraine property to Joseph and James Barnett and Anthony Shorb, of the Pennsylvania Furnace, and associated David Stewart with them under the firm-name of Shorb, Stewart & Co., Mr. Stewart being for many years the manager. The forges were operated on blooms, of which the product from Feb. 28, 1828, till Feb. 28, 1860, was twenty-nine thousand six hundred and sixty-one tons. Up to the last-named period there were three forges at Coleraine, but that year the present large forge was built, which was kept in oper ation until Dec. 4, 1874, -being last managed by Thomas S. Lyon. Its capacity is twelve hundred tons of blooms per year, and twenty-five, men were employed in carrying it on. The grist-mill connected with the property on Warrior's Mark Run was built in 1868 on the site of one destroyed by fire, and which had been built by Shorb, Stewart & Co. The property is man aged by D. M. Thompson for the owners, the Misses Stewart. At Coleraine Forges a store has been almost continuously maintained, and when the foregoing in terests were carried on it was one of the busiest places in the county. Farther down the creek Robert Moore built a forge about 1830, which he called " Elizabeth No. 2." This he sold to Samuel Caldwell, and he to Samuel Isett, when it was operated some time by Hileman & Hammond. Subsequently G. & J. H. Shoenberger became the proprietors. At a yet later period John Q. Adams became the owner, making blooms about ten years. In 1873 he employed the power to operate the machinery of an axe-factory, producing three hundred dozen per year. The capacity has since been greatly increased, and the manufacture of the " For est King," " W. Park," and other favorite brands is extensively carried on. Ten men are employed. Immediately below Adams' axe-factory, Lingle & Harvey established a foundry, which had a number of owners, and was the property of Israel C. Caldwell when it was destroyed by fire about 1876. It was de voted to the manufacture of plows, farm machinery, and heavy castings. At Franklinville the water-power was first improved by Samuel Mattern, who also built most of the houses in the hamlet. The first building was a small stone house for a hat-shop, in which he carried on the hatter's trade a number of years. The water-power was first used to operate carding machinery, and later a fulling-mill and machinery for making woolen goods were added. The factory has been kept in operation many years ; Matthew D. Keatley succeeding Mr. Mattern, and Zachariah and Edward Keatley being the present owners. The products are satinets, blankets, and flannels. In the hamlet, John M. Mattern, John Conrad, Matthew D. Keatley, and others formerly merchan dised. Since 1866, Alexander G. Ewing has been in trade, also being postmaster of the Franklinville office. This office was established more recently than the Coleraine Forges office. The latter was first known by the name of Marshall's Mills, Samuel Marshall postmaster, and was the first in the lower part of the valley. In 1830, Joseph Barnett was the postmaster of the office, which now bore the name of Coleraine Forges, by which it is yet known. The present post master is D. M. Thompson. Intermediate officials have been David Stewart and John C. Steyenson. The hamlet of Franklinville contains besides a dozen houses, a Methodist Church, and a public hall. Above this place is a water-power, which was improved by Charles Montgomery in the early history of the town ship, and has been made to operate a saw-mill almost continuously since. The proprietor in 1881 was William B. Johnston. On Spruce Creek, several miles from the Centre County line, is the small hamlet of Graysville, so called for John Gray, an early settler at that place, whose family removed at his death. John Fowler, another early settler, lived at the mouth of the brook which still bears his name. His farm is now owned by James Oliver. Alexander Ewing built the grist mill which is still in operation at this point about 1788. Internally it has been somewhat changed, but in the main it remains as built nearly a hundred years ago. It has had numerous owners, and in 1881 was the property of Isaac Woomer. Stores have been kept at the hamlet by a number of parties, among them being John Ewing, Martin Gates, H. A. Bath- urst, and the present Johnson Archer. Small public- houses were also maintained by John Gray, Samuel 276 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. «fg Jacobs, and others, and the foregoing usually served as postmasters of the Graysville office, of which Mary Archy was the postmistress in 1881. A daily mail is supplied by the stage line from Spruce Creek to Centre Hall. Three-quarters of a mile above Graysville was a fulling-mill, in 1800. Among its owners were Stephen Davis and William Curry. While owned by William S. and James W. Curry it was destroyed by fire. Yet farther above, on the Centre Coun- ««r«j ty line, are the in terests connected with the Pennsyl vania Furnace, the hamlet extending into Centre County, and being but a short distance from Baileyville, in that county : a furnace, grist-mill, store, the mansion of the resi dent partner of the furnace company, George W. Lyon. The post-office is Graysville.1 One of the first physicians in this locality was Dr. Hugh Mont gomery. Dr. Lem uel Kenslow was a subsequent practi tioner. Dr. John McDonald was the resident physician at Baileyville for twenty years. Dr. T. C. Van Tries, the present physi cian, was born in Bedford in 1840. In 1865 he gradu ated from the Uni versity of Penn sylvania, and then established himself in practice at Pen n- sylvania Furnace, his residence being at Baileyville. It is to be regretted that a sketch of the Pennsyl vania Furnace, promised for this work, was not re ceived by the publisher. Prominently connected with the business interests of this locality was Jacob Isett. He was born of German Lutheran parents in Bucks County, Pa., Feb. 16,1760. In 1787 he came to Sinking Valley, and 1 A post-office called Pennsylvania Furnace baB since been established. at the Lead-Mine Fort worked at his trade of shoemak- ing. There was no money to be had for work, and he took his pay in wheat at fifty cents per bushel. It ad vanced in price, and he sold the two hundred bushels he had accumulated at one dollar and fifty cents per bushel, which was his start in life. He then bought the Arch Spring property, and in 1789 built a saw- and grist-mill. The grist-mill had but one run of stones which were obtained in the neighboring mountains' while the bolter Wj. was turned by hand and by those who wished their flour bolted. He after wards bought what is known now as the Union Furnace power, intending to build a merchant and grist-mill. In 1798, Mr. Isett built on the Little Juni ata River the foun dation for a dam, dug part of a head race, and put in head-gates, all of which were washed away by a flood the next spring. He then sent his mill wright to the Arch Spring Mill, who re ported that power could be obtained to drive a four teen-foot overshot- wheel, and the following spring (1799) he built a stone grist-mill which was forty by forty-five feet and three stories high, and was for that time a very large mill. In 1795, Mr. Isett married Miss Elea nor Stockdale, who was born of Protestant parents, in County Down, Ireland. Her father emigrated to Amer ica, and settled in Baltimore, where he died two years after, leaving his family in very straitened circum stances. Her mother married again, and the family then came to Canoe Valley, in Huntingdon County, Pa. To them were born seven children, of whom John S. Isett was born Oct. 14, 1799. He had done but little, except going to school, until his 'return from Alexan dria in April, 1814, where he had been attending school FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP. 27, a couple of years. He there had obtained a good educa tion for that day, and his father gave him his choice, either to go to the Carlisle College or take his axe and go into the clearing. He chose the latter, as he was tired of study. The next fall he went into the store of Cyrus Cartwright as a clerk, where he remained a few months, then went home, and in his father's mill learned the miller's trade. In 1817 he took charge of the mill, receiving the same share of the profits as other millers did. When he had accumu lated four hundred dollars he determined to go to St. Louis, where he expected to at once become rich. His father consented to his going, telling him that when his money was gone to come back, if he wished to do so. In company with John Wray, he bought in Pittsburgh a skiff, in which they went to Cincinnati, thence in a raft to Louisville, and then by steamboat to Shawneetown, from there on foot by the way of Kas- kaskia to St. Louis. Not finding employment to suit him he went to Carlisle, Mo., where he met Dr. J. H. Lambert and family, with whom he visited a short time, then went into partnership with the doctor in a small store. He was soon taken sick, and on his recovery found the business in such a condition that he was glad to accept the doctor's offer to take his money back and work on a salary. He got the work, but, owing to the failure of the doctor, never got his money, and he returned to his home a sadder but wiser young man than when he left it: For more than a year he worked on the farm after his St. Louis trip, then went into the mill again. In 1824 his father built a new mill (the one now at Arch Spring), which he managed, as well as a store owned by him and his brother-in-law. On the 19th day of July, 1825, Mr. Isett was joined in marriage with Miss Mary Ann Bell, daughter of Edward Bell, of Antis township, Blair Co. To Mr. and Mrs. Isett there have been born eight sons and four daughters, of whom three sons and four daugh ters are still living. In 1826 his father (Jacob Isett) bought of ex-Governor Heister the Spruce Creek property, and in October, 1827, the family moved to the new purchase, which has since remained their home. In 1828 the present mill at Spruce Creek was built by Mr. John S. Isett, which he managed in con nection with the mercantile business. In 1831 he built his present residence, intending it for a ta^m, but changed his mind and occupied it as a dwelling- house. During this time he was also running the farms owned by him, and was prosperous in all his business matters. In 1836 he built a small bloom forge with one hammer and two refining fires, which he- carried on until 1861. In January, 1839, he was appointed by the Hon. Thomas Burnside, president judge of the Huntingdon court, sequestrator of the Huntingdon, Cambria and Indiana Turnpike Company, which pike extended from Huntingdon borough to Blairsville, in Indiana County, Pa., and for twenty-six years he had charge and control of the road. In 1844, Mr. Isett, with his son Jacob H., made an extended trip to the Hot Springs, Ark. ; thence, by wagon, through Arkansas, Missouri, Illinois, and Iowa, and in the following year, with his son Edward B., went to Missouri and purchased a tract of land, on which he intended to move the next spring and raise stock ; but the season was sickly, and he did not deem it advisable to move his family thereon. His father died in 1852 ; his mother in 1827. In his religious views Mr. Isett is liberal ; in his political views Democratic. He now resides at the old home in Spruce Creek, surrounded by sons and daughters, who ever stand ready, so far as in their power, to make smooth his pathway through the declining years of a long and well-spent life. Educational and Religious. — The pioneer relig ious history of Spruce Creek Valley is the same as that of Warrior's Mark township. For a number of. years the settlers of this part of the county maintained a common place of worship in a locality which is now known as Dry Hollow, but where were two springs of good water, the only ones in all that region. That fact and the further one that it was a central point for the Presbyterians living in the half-dozen valleys. round about caused them to build a small log meet ing-house there, probably about 1790, in which wor ship was statedly held a number of years. Prior to this evangelists visited the people, preaching at the houses of the members, and in the summer season in the woods, near some spring where the people might ¦ refresh themselves during the noon intermission. The Rev. Matthew Stephens preached as early as the fourth Sabbath in June, 1786, and was probably the first Presbyterian minister to venture west of Tussey's Mountain. The next preacher of whom any account has been preserved was the Rev. Samuel Wilson, a licentiate, who held a meeting on the first Sabbath of August, 1786. Following him was the Rev. Mr. Caldwell, a " probationer" from Ireland. The Rev. James Martin assumed pastoral relations about 1789, and remained until his death, which occurred June 20, 1795. His salary was fixed at sixty-five pounds specie "to relieve him from worldly concern." He was an able man and a popular minister, and it was while he labored among the people that the Dry Hollow meeting-house was built. His successors in, the pastoral office were supplies sent by the Presbytery of Huntingdon, among the number being the Revs. Wiley, Johnston, and Bard. In 1797, Thomas Wilson, who seems to have been an elder, besought the Presbytery for preaching sup plies, and Mr. Stephens again visited the people of Warrior's Mark and Franklin, who, although re garded as a congregation, do not appear to have been regularly organized, being united probably only by a common purpose to maintain preaching. But about this time the congregation of Spruce Creek was formed, and from this period, 1798, we may properly date the history of 278 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Spruce Creek Presbyterian Church. — The congre gation, absorbed the chief element of the worshipers at the Dry Hollow meeting-house, and joined the congregation of Sinking Valley in calling a pastor, providing a new house of worship in the Spruce Creek Valley. The old meeting-house was aban doned, and not long afterwards was burned by a forest fire. The church building was in what is known as the cemetery lot at Graysville, and was built of logs, about thirty feet square. It had gal leries on the two sides and one opposite the high pul pit, being for that day quite a spacious building. It was not finished before 1805, and when it was first occupied had no seats, the congregation sitting on the sleepers. -Then came board seats without backs. On the 20th of November, 1798, Rev. Samuel Bryson was ordained the first pastor of the united congregations, the ceremony taking place at the house of Robert McCartney, on lower Spruce Creek. He served in that relation until 1803, and was fol lowed by the Revs. James Linn, William Stewart, and John Hutchinson as supplies. Rev. William A. Boyd, a native of Lancaster, became the next pastor of the two congregations April 2, 1817. He was married to a daughter of Henry McWilliams, and his home was on the farm now owned by Judge Laporte, in Franklin. Resigning on account of ill health, he died May 11, 1823. From 1825 till 1843 the Rev. Samuel Hill served as pastor, following the Rev. John Mcllhenny, who had supplied the congregations a short time. Mr. Hill preached long sermons and impressed his individu ality upon his hearers. He paid much attention to catechetical instruction, and was an outspoken tem perance man. Some of his hearers had not yet been educated to accept the radical views of Mr. Hill, and frequently manifested a hostile disposition towards him and those who fully accepted his views. To show their disrespect for him, some one entered the church and chopped to pieces the pulpit and cut into shreds the Bible. He was the exclusive pastor of Spruce Creek from 1836 until he resigned. On the 3d of September, 1845, Rev. John White became the pastor, and during his connection with the church, which was terminated two years later, a division arose about psalmody, which gave rise to the First and Second Churches of Spruce Creek, both congregations using the same house of worship. This was a frame building which had displaced the old log church in 1830. In the course of years the first congregation built the present house of worship below Graysville, which was dedicated March 26, 1858. It is a stately-looking edifice of bl ue limestone, forty-five by seventy-six feet, neatly finished, heated from the basement, and is one of the most complete country churches in the county. It was built in the pastorate of the Rev. John Elliott, and cost about six thousand dollars. The Second Church meantime occupied the frame meeting-house, each congregation calling its own minister. The pastor of the First Church was the Rev. David L. Hughes, who was installed June 13, 1848, and was relieved October 1857 The Second Church, which accepted Rouse's version of the Psalms, called the Rev. Israel W. Ward in 1849, and he was the pastor until June, 1853. His successor was the Rev. Thomas Stevenson, who was installed in the spring of 1854, and resigned in April 1859. In May, 1859, the two churches reunited and became one congregation, under the pastoral care of the Rev. John Elliott, who had been called by the First Church two years before. The old frame meet ing-house, which the Second Church had used until this •period, was taken down and removed to Rock Springs, where it was used for the afternoon meetings of members residing in that part of the valley until 1873, when it was sold to private parties. The same year the chapel ,at Pennsylvania Furnace was built, and the appointment at Rock Springs transferred to that place. The parsonage at Pennsylvania Furnace, a large and comfortable residence, was built in 1850, and the Coleraine Chapel the same year. The con gregation yet maintains these three places of worship, and in 1881 the church property was controlled by Trustees John Bailey, John Goheen, Robert Gardner, George W. Reynolds, Thomas Davis, Andrew Oliver, and John M. Wigton. The pastors of the united congregations have been the Rev. John Elliott till 1861; the Rev. William Alexander, stated supply, in 1861 ; the Rev. Oscar A. Hill, D.D., 1862-65; the Rev. S. T. Owes, Ph.D., 1866-69 ; and the Rev. J. C. Kelley since 1870. From a historical sermon of the latter this sketch ha9 been prepared. The congregation in 1881 had about two hundred members. Among the elders of Spruce Creek Church have been Joseph McPherson, Alexander Stewart, William Cooper, Henry McWilliams, John Nichol, Robert. McCartney, Charles Montgomery, Robert Gardner, William McWilliams, Samuel Cooper, John Bailey, Jonathan McWilliams, Gardner Thompson, William Rankin, John Stalkin, John McCurdy, Charles Mont gomery, Jr., Christopher Wigton, William Riley, and John Gardner. The elders in 1881 were William B. McWilliams, G. W. Reynolds, Dr. T. C. Van Tries, Samuel Wigton, William B. Johnston, and D. M. Thompson. In 1828 the first Sabbath-school maintained by the church was organized at Baileyville. George W. Reynoldswas many years the superintendent of the Graysville school, John Porter being the superin tendent' in 1881, and the Coleraine school was in charge of A. G. Ewing. Spruce Creek Lutheran Church.— The members of this church first worshiped in the old Dry Hollow meeting-house, among the number being George Mattern, George Anshutz, the Ginters, the Mentzers, Martin Funk, Adam Mong, Samuel Rider, John Black, Moses Garland, Thomas Saylor, and Daniel FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP. 279 Conrad, a number of the latter being workmen at Huntingdon Furnace. In 1805 a log meeting-house was built on a lot of ground donated by George Mat tern, a part of which was set aside for cemetery pur poses. In about 1847 the present church edifice was erected, a frame standing on the lot of the old church and being thirty by forty feet. The building committee was composed of George W. Mattern, Frederick Crissman, and M. R. Jones. The house, though plain, affords a comfortable place of worship. In 1881 the congregation consisted of fifty members and a church council which had George W. Mattern and Joseph Kinch as elders, John Kinch and David Sherman deacons. The pastor was the Rev. Robert Fletcher. His immediate predecessor was the Rev. George Straup. Other ministerial service was from Water Street and Sinking Valley. Joseph Kinch is the superintendent of a flourishing Sunday-school maintained by this church, and former superintend ents were William Stiver and Christian Musser. The Franklinville Methodist Episcopal Church. —Among the pioneer Methodists in the neighbor hood of Franklinville were George Mattern, Jr., and his wife Catharine, and the Stonebraker family. Preaching was held at the house of the former as early as 1803, and in the old stone mill at Hunting don Furnace at a later date ; but about 1830 a meet ing-house — a frame plastered on the outside — was built on the old road above Franklinville, which was the place of worship a number of years. After the turnpike was built the. building was taken down and removed to Franklinville, where, in a remodeled con dition, it now is. The trustees in 1881 were D. R. Miller, D. B. Parks, Joshua Cornelius, Nicholas Parks, and Henry Omo. The congregation forms a part of Warrior's 'Mark Circuit, and has had its ministerial supply from that source. The first Sunday-school in this part of the valley was opened in the old stone mill at Huntingdon Furnace about 1821 by Samuel Mattern, Samuel Conrad, Ephraim Galbraith, and Jeremiah Cunningham. It was maintained regard less of a church connection, and having a large at tendance from that part of the township exerted a great moral influence upon the young people. The Franklinville Sunday-school bad an attendance of fifty-four scholars in 1881, and was superintended by D. R. Miller. lower Spruce Creek Presbyterian Church — In the winter of 1871 a revival of great power was held in the Union Church at Spruce Creek, under the preaching of Rev. J.- J. Coale, from Baltimore. In consequence of this visitation of divine grace, a de sire was expressed to form the converts into a church organization of Presbyterian persuasion. The Pres bytery being petitioned to this end and the request being granted, at the session held at Bellefonte in April, 1871, the Revs. R. M. Wallace and J. J. Coale and Elder Samuel McCamant were appointed a com mittee to effect the organization. They performed this work on Saturday, April 9, 1871, when fifty-one persons were enrolled as members of the Lower Spruce Creek Church. Dr. Sidney Thompson, Sam uel C. Tussey, and Osborne Laird were chosen ruling elders. The former two still serve, but Mr. Laird died March 14, 1874. Angus McBean and Robert McPherran were elected deacons. At the same time the Rev. J. J. Coale became the pastor and yet serves the congregation, in connection with the Sinking Valley Church. The meeting-house which the con gregation occupies is at Spruce Creek, on the Frank lin side. It was built in 1871 on a lot of ground donated by Edward B. Isett, who, together with G. W. Stewart and J. Q. Adams, composed the board of trustees in 1881. The house is an attractive brick, costing six thousand dollars, and was built by Jacob Baker, of Alexandria, who was run over by the cars at Spruce Creek and killed before the house was com pleted. Lower Spruce Creek congregation had ninety- one members in 1881, and maintained a Sunday-school of sixty members, which had Dr. Sidney Thompson as superintendent. No very authentic account of the early schools of Franklin can be given in this sketch of the township history. The records have not been preserved, and tradition is too vague to be trustworthy. Early schools were maintained at Huntingdon Furnace, Graysville, and at the Lutheran Church. Under the free-school system the following were elected as directors : 1835, Christopher Wigton, James Travis ; 1836, Jonathan McWilliams, Alexander Stewart ; 1837, John McCurdy, John Stonebraker; 1838, John S. Isett, Thompson Bulge, John Sissler; 1839, Hugh Seeds; 1840, John Ingram, Robert Bell, John D. Bell; 1841, Daniel Hile man, John Laporte; 1842, John Zentmeyer, John S. Isett, Samuel Jones; 1843, John Conrad, Nicholas Parks; 1844, James Dysart, A. J. Wigton, William Riley ; 1845, Anderson Harvey, James Ewing ; 1846, John D. Bell, J. H. Stonebraker; 1847, William Mcllvain, Joseph Dysart; 1848, David Kinch, John Laporte; 1849, James Harvey, Benjamin Hopkins; 1850, William Riley, James Dysart; 1851, Cal vin J. Smith, JameB Ewing ; 1852, John Ingram, David Conrad ; 1853, Henry L. Harvey, Joseph Dysart ; 1854, Washington Reynolds, John Zentmeyer; 1855, George W. Mattern, J. W. Matten, John Keimer; 1856, John Steiner, John Hughes ; 1857, John Zentmeyer, G. M. Thompson ; 1858, Samuel Wigton, John Clark ; 1859, John Keimer, William B. McWilliams, John A. Mattern ; 1860, William B. Johnston, John W. Mattern ; 1861, John Ebberts, John Clark, Joseph Kinch; 1862, John Ebberts, William McWilliams; 1863, William B. Johnston, J. W. Slattern; 1864, Jamuel C. Stewart, Nicholas Parks; 1865, James Oliver, John Ebberts; 1866, Daniel Conrad, Daniel Clark, Alfred Porter; 1867, A. G. Ewing, Samuel Wigton; 1868, G. W. Reynolds, Robert McPherran; 1869, Daniel Conrad, Robert Hendereon ; 1870-71, John Ebberts, D. L. Wray; 1872, D. R. Miller, R. Henderson, William Wray ; 1873, John Hughes, M. G. Keatley ; 1874, John TraviB, Henry Hoffman ; 1875, David Henderson, A. S. Weakland ; 1876, J. Woomer, S. Spangler, W. B. McMillan ; 1877, John Archy, Isaac Woomer ; 1878, George Shultz, R. L. Henderson; 1879, David Goss, Thomas Davis; 1880, Henry Kinch, Isaac L. Woomer; 1881, George Shultz, William Stiver. In 1880 there were eight districts in the township, in which school was maintained six months. The male attendants numbered 136 ; the female, 123. The average attendance was 203. The cost of instruction was eighty-three cents per pupil per month. The sum of $1542.40 was raised for building purposes. 280 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. CHAPTER XLI. HENDERSON TOWNSHIP. This township lies north of the Juniata and east of the centre of the county. It embraces in the main all that body of land lying between the township of Miller on the northeast and the river on the south west, which is inclosed by the Stone and Lick Ridges. The former and Murray's Run separate Henderson from Oneida, while the latter are along the Brady line, except the upper part of Henderson, which ex tends to the valley of Mill Creek. The general sur face of the township is elevated, and in the main is much broken by deep and narrow valleys, whose in closing hillsides are usually too steep to admit of profitable cultivation. The uplands are of the nature of plateaus, containing some level lands, whose soil is thin and only moderately productive. The soil of the township is variable, a slaty loam predominating. It appears to be well adapted for fruit culture, and lately that industry has become one of the chief occu pations of the inhabitants. The drainage is good, being afforded by numerous ravines in which are brooks, and a few streams of larger size. Among the latter class are Sugar Grove and Pike Runs, both in the southeastern part of the township, flowing into the Juniata. The name of the latter stream was derived from the presence of large schools of fish of the pike species in the early history of the county. The former title was applied on account of a fine grove which grew along the stream. Murray's and Brown's Runs in the northwestern part of the township de rived their name from early settlers on their waters. In the northeastern part are the head-waters of Mill Creek. Some of these streams afford limited water- powers, which have been utilized to operate small saw-mills and woolen factories. Pioneer Settlers. — In no township of the county have the changes of population been greater than in Henderson. Scarcely a representative of the original settlers remains, and in many localities the entire population consists of people whose citizenship in Henderson does not extend beyond a quarter of a century. Another peculiarity attending the transfor mation of the population of the township is the fact that almost entire communities removed to the same locality in the West, Illinois and Indiana receiving the chief influx of immigration, while their places were taken by settlers from other parts of this and adjoining couuties, a considerable number being of foreign descent. The history of Henderson, conse quently, is less complete than it would be if ordinary conditions prevailed, as much of the story of the pioneer life of the ancestors of the present inhab itants will have to be given in the sketches of other townships. Col. John Fee lived on the Juniata opposite the Raystown Branch as early as 1774. He served in the Revolution, and was an active member of Capt Blair's expedition against the Tories. His sons John and George both were in the American army in the war of 1812. He kept a public-house on the river and later was engaged in the same business at the Warm Springs. His last place of residence was in the eastern part of Henderson, on what is known as the John Lower farm. Col. Fee was twice married his first wife being a Miss Kelley, the second a Miss Jackson. By the former he had a son named John and by the latter, among other children, a son named George, who married Mary Porter aud reared a large family of children bearing the names of Jackson William, John, Washington, James, Rachel, Lydia and Mary. The first daughter became the wife of Isaac Brown. George Fee removed to Fairfield, Iowa, when he was eighty-six years of age. Stephen Kelley was a half-brother of James Kelley, an early settler in Brady. He located on Pike Run about the close of the last century, and died there more than fifty years ago. He was married to Mary Stewart, of Union township, and had children, — Elizabeth, who married Jesse Yocum, and died at Mill Creek, and other daughters named Lydia, Rachel, and Rebecca. A son, Aaron, is yet an old citizen of Mill Creek. In the same valley lived James and John Williamson, whose families have long since passed away. Matthew Campbell was a pioneer on the Peter Swoope place in the eastern part of Henderson. He was married to Hannah Postlethwaite and reared a large family, the living members of which all reside in the West, — John A. moved to Warren County, 111., where he died ; William removed to the State of Ohio : Thomas P., for years a prominent attorney at Huntingdon, died at Davenport, Iowa; Matthew Fairman, for several terms register and prothonotary of the county, moved to Kankakee, 111. ; James, a printer by trade, died a young man. His daughters married, — Hannah, Samuel R. Boggs, of Henderson, but who removed to Mercer County, 111., in 1848, where he died ; Martha became the wife of Alexander Porter, of Henderson, and migrated to the same place in Illinois; Rebecca Ellen married H. R. Gilleland, and moved to Illinois. Robert Campbell became a resident of the same State. Matthew Campbell died in Henderson, and his widow survived him about forty years, removing with her children to Illinois. Another senior member of the Campbell family, John, died at Mount Union. He was the father of Matthew F. Campbell, of Mapleton, and of Robert Campbell, of Pittsburgh, where he died- in 1852 ; Sarah was the wife of Richard Rush, of Allegheny City; Mary Campbell became the wife of John Beatty, a pioneer teacher, who was commonly known as Master Beatty; Rebecca Campbell was the consort of James Hemp hill, of Huntingdon, the father of Samuel Hemphill ; Martha Campbell became the wife of John Postle thwaite, a son of Col. Postlethwaite, of Mount Union. They settled in Henderson on the Simon Bayles farm, HENDERSON TOWNSHIP. 281 moving from there to Mercer County, 111. They had sons, — Matthew, Carmon, and John, who also moved to Illinois. The daughters married, — Ellen, James Lane, of Brady ; Hannah, Arthur Graham, who re moved to Illinois; Martha, John Simpson, of Hen derson; the youngest daughter married the Rev. William Meade Jones, a Baptist minister to Hayti, and subsequently to Jerusalem, where Mrs. Jones died. He is at present the pastor of a Seventh-Day Baptist Church in London, England. Micajah Corbin, a native of the State of Maryland, after living a short time on Murray's Run, on the form now owned by James S. Hall, made a home on the Ridge in Henderson, on a farm which had been occupied by Abraham Corbin. He died in Trough Creek Valley. He was the father of Asa, Nicholas, Abel, W. K, and Micajah Corbin. The latter two are yet residents of Oneida. Of his daughters, one was married to Capt. Abraham Shore, of Cass township ; another to Amon Chilcott, of Trough Creek Valley ; a third to Matthew Glasgow, of Brady; another to Abraham Evans, of Henderson ; and yet another to John Hight, of the same township. Her husband died a few years ago at the age of ninety-six years, and she yet resides at Centre Union at the age of eighty-one years. [She since died.] The Hight family came from New Jersey, and lived in the Murray's Run Valley. Besides John, James Hight lived many years in Henderson, removing to Huntingdon. Mark Evans was the son of Holland Evans, who settled in the northern part of Henderson at a very early day, and brother of Mark, Asahel, Jesse, and William Evans. Descendants of this fam ily in the third generation yet reside in Henderson. On the present John Warfel farm Daniel Brown was a pioneer, dying in that locality about sixty years ago. His son, Asahel H., removed to Iowa. Nancy became the wife of James Hight, of Huntingdon ; Mary, of Henry Hutchinson, of Henderson, father of James Hutchinson, of this township ; Sarah, of George Hanawalt, who moved to Iowa; Ruth, of James Sloan, of Henderson ; Elizabeth, of — — Weaver, a school-teacher, who moved to Iowa. Among the settlers of a later period was James McCartney, who lived east of Union Church, and died on a farm which he had improved. He was the father of John R., Robert, William, and Daniel Mc Cartney, the former being a citizen of Henderson at this time. William Porter, a native of the north of Ireland, came to America about the beginning of the present century, soon after settling in Henderson, where he purchased a large tract of land, most of which is at present owned by the Rhodes family. This land he divided between his sons, James and John, who be came well-known citizens of the township. . He died at Huntingdon in 1850, aged eighty-seven years. Mary, his wife, had died many years previously. Their children were Nancy, the wife of Samuel Wiley> who moved to Indiana ; Mary, born on the passage to America, became the wife of George Fee, son of Col. John Fee, who removed Lo Iowa in 1855 ; Jane became the wife of John Brown, of Henderson ; Martha, the wife of David Thompson, of Henderson, died about 1860. The husband survived until De cember, 1880, when he died at the age of eighty-two years on the farm which he had occupied more than sixty years. He was a blacksmith by trade, and a very exemplary man, serving many years as an elder in the Presbyterian Church. Of a large family, one is Dr. James P. Thompson, of Johnstown ; three of the sons, Joseph H., David, and Robert, served in the Union army in the Rebellion, the former filling a sol dier's grave at Huntingdon. One of the daughters is the wife of Joseph Garner, of Henderson township. Another daughter of William Porter became the wife of Samiiel Steel, of Huntingdon, and died in 1827. He had two sons. Maj. James Porter, the oldest, was born in Ireland in 1789, and died in Henderson in 1858. He was married to Sarah, daughter of Robert Wray, and reared a family of ten children, viz. : William, Robert W., James D., and John, all living in Warren County, 111., the latter being a judge there ; Joseph, living at Lynchburg, Va. ; Thompson, in Missouri; Taylor, in Illinois; and Andrew J., in Nebraska. Of the daughters, Nancy married James Boggs, of Mercer County, 111., and Martha Mary, John Henry, of the same State. The other son, John Porter, was married to Matilda, daughter of Alexander Steel, of West township, and lived on the homestead in Henderson until his re moval to Illinois in 1866, where he died in 1880, about eighty years of age. His children were Alex. S. Porter, who died in Missouri ; James M., died about 1859; and William, John, Alice, Martha, Emeline, and Nancy, all of whom became citizens of Illinois. Robert Wray, a Scotch-Irishman, lived about a mile from Porter's, being nearer the river. He died about 1840, having reared several children, viz. : John, who removed to Illinois ; Douglass, who died in the same State ; William, who became a citizen of Morris township ; James, who removed to Iowa ; Mary, who became the wife of John A. Campbell, and removed to Illinois ; and Sarah, who was the wife of James Porter, and died in Henderson about 1855. John Brown was born in the north of Ireland in 1794. When about twenty-three years of age he emigrated to America, becoming a school-teacher at Lewistown and McVeytown. On the 1st of April, 1824, he married Jane Porter, a daughter of William Porter, of Henderson, and after teaching in Mifflin County until 1835, he also became a citizen of the township, living near the Union school-house. He died from injuries received from falling in his barn in August, 1847, leaving a family of eight children. These were B. F. Brown, of West township ; Samuel T., an attorney of note at Huntingdon ; William P., 282 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. an editor, who was killed by a mining accident in California in 1855 ; Mary Ellen, who married Chris topher Capp, and died in 1858; James A., who is a merchant at Huntingdon ; John D., who became a Methodist missionary to India, but died at Harris burg, Pa., in 1878 ; Robert B., the editor of the Erie Observer ; and the youngest daughter, who became the wife of J. Randolph Simpson, of Huntingdon. Mrs. Brown died at the residence of her son, Samuel T., in 1865, aged sixty-seven years. Matthew Hall, a son-in-law of Rev. Samuel Lane, settled in the Unity Church neighborhood, from where, after living a number of years, he removed to Murray's Run, in Oneida, some time about 1840. He was the father of John Hall, and grandfather of James S. Hall, who is one of the foremost farmers in that township. In the Sugar Grove neighborhood James Hemphill was one of the pioneers, removing from there to Illi nois. A few of his descendants remain in the county. The general condition of the settlements may be seen in the following list of citizens of Henderson township in 1820, including at that period the bor ough of Huntingdon, a part of Oneida, and all of the present Brady township. An asterisk denotes the ownership of a town lot with a house thereon. Cornelius, John. Cahooti, Joseph. Carson, Thomas. Covenhover, Ezekiel. Carman, John. Armitage, George. ?Allison, Robert, Esq. *Africa, Michael. Armitage, Caleb (184 acres). *Africa, Jacob. *Allen, William. Amer, Patrick (3 acres). Africa, Jacob, Jr. *Bank of Huntingdon. Biler, John (147 acres). Brown, Thomas (negro). *Barber, James, Esq. Brenneman, Michael. ?Brandt, Elizabeth. Brandt, John. ?Beatty, John. ?Black, George. Brown, Asahel. Brown, Daniel (deceased ; acres). ?Brotherline, Charles. ?Barigman, Sophia. Bye, Beading. Brown, John (143 acres). Bartlett, William (101 acres). ?Bohanna, Margaret. Byers, Isaac. Cartwright, Samuel. Coulter, Joseph (200 acreB). ?Cadwallader, Catharine. ?Cryder, Daniel. Cornpropst, Joseph. Campbell, Robert. ?Colestock, Christian. Coplin, Matthias (distillery; acres). Campbell, Matthew (223 acres). Corbin, William (213 acres; si mill). Case, Peter (100 acres). ?Clabbaugh, Martin. ?Clark, James. ?Chilcott, Anson. Clesser, Andrew. ?Coffey, James, Dr. ?Dopp, Henry. ?Dorland, Isaac. Dorland, John, Est. (235 acres). Duncan, James. Detweiler, Jacob. Detweiler, Christian, Jr. Detweiler, Christian, Sr. (384 acres). Drake, Samuel (ferry ; 50 acres). Drake, James. ?Dudan, Daniel. ?Davis, John (hatter). Derr, Peter (109 acres). Dorland, Joseph (200 acres). Davis, Rev. James (100 acres). ?Donaldson, Alexander. Davis, Thomas. ?Dorris, William. Duncan, James, Jr. (200 acres). Detweiler, Jacob. ?Elliott, Benjamin (saw-mill; 182 acres). ?Evans, Ellis. Echelberger, Walter (for McMur trie; 97 acres). Echelberger, Jacob (for landlord; 150 acres). Eli, John. ?Flickinger, Frederick. Fee, John (300 acres at Warm Springs Tavern). Fife, Samuel (4 acres). ?Fockler, George (brewery). Foley, James. ?Ferguson, James. Forshy, Thomas. Grady, William (150 acres). *Graffius, Martin. Glazier, Mary. ?Glazier, John. Gorsuch, Nathan (213 acres). Glasgow, Matthew (130 acres). ?Gwin, Patrick (172 acreB). Given, John. Gillis, Robert. Gray, George. Grady, Hiram. Gorsuch, Thomas (300 acres). Hess, Peter. ?Hemphill, Samuel. ?Hildebrand, Jonathan. Hoffman, Jacob (doctor). Hook, John. ?Henderson, John (doctor). ?Haines, Susannah. Hooley, John (200 acres). Hight, John (100 acres). Hight, Richard (100 acres). Humphries, Richard. Hampson, James (250 acres; saw mill). Hildebrand, Samuel. ?Houghton, D. Sterne. Hare, John. ?Howe, Jane (widow). ?Hemphill, James. Hight, James (for landlord; 100 acres). ?Henderson, Joseph. Huston, Matthew (400 acres). Hall, Matthew (for landlord ; 100 acres) ?Householder, George. ?Isenberg, John. ?Isenberg, Henry, Isenberg, Nicholas. Igo, Peter (120 acres). ?Johnston, Rev. John. ?Jackson, William. Johnston, George. ?Keim, John. ?Kerr, Thomas. Kurtz, Abraham (saw-mill; 220 acres) . ?King, Thomas. Kelley, Stephen (100 acres). ?Kurtz, Widow. ?King, Alexander. Kelley, William (50 acres). Kemberlin, John (150 acres). Kelley, Moses. Kelley, James, Est. (150 acres). King, Solomon (9fi acres). Kurtz, Jacob. Knox, Alexander (negro). Lambert, Gershom (farmer). Lantz, David (250 acres). Long, Samuel. Leever, Joseph (80 acres). Long, William. ?Levy, Abraham. Litzinger» Anthony. Long, John. Lewis, John. Lytle, James. Lear, James (negro). Lindsey, David. Lytle, Robert (for landlord; 40 acres, saw- and grist-mill). Lane, Mary (widow). McGahan, Jacob (48 acres). McLenahan, Henry (75 acres). Metz, John, Dr. (163 acres). McCartney, John (172 acres). ?Miller, Jacob (330 acres). ?McCahan, John (186 acres). ?McConnell, John. McConnell, Alexander, Esq. ?Mays, Ray. Maxwell, Robert (51 acres). Miller, Christian (350 acreB). ?McKennan, John. ?McNamara, John. ?Murphy, Thomas. ?MorriBon, John, ?McCabe, John. ?Miller, John, Esq. (205 acres, tan nery). McCarthy, John (120 acres). McFarland, William (fur landlord, 140 acres). Miller, William (200 acreB). Mays, Joseph. Miller, John (20 acres). Moore, John. McMurtrie, David. McCool, Joseph. ?Morrow, Alexander. Morrets, Michael (150 acreB). Morrets, George (260 acres). McCutchen, Robert. Meredith, Lloyd (13 acres). McFarland, Robert (15 acres). Marshall, Samuel. McCoy, Thomas (205 acres). Harks, John. ?Mackey, Margaret. ?Nash, John. Nichols, Samuel (100 acres). ?Nail, Frederick. ?Newingham, David. Nelson, Robert (103 acres). Newingham, Henry. Nightwine, William. Nightwine, Joseph. Nail, John. Newman, Peter. Orlady, Martin (142 acres). ?Orbison, William. Osborn, James. Otenkirk, George (107 acres). Oaks, Peter (3 acres). ?Owens, Ishmael. Porter, James (fulling-mill). Plowman, Absalom (175 acres). Porter, William (140 acres). Park, John. Patterson, Thomas (16 acres). Petty, Joshua. Plowman, Charles. Perkins, Robert. Pecht, Jacob. Robinson, Vincent (260 acres). ?Ramsey, Alexander. Ridenour, Mary. ?Renner, Samuel. Ramsey, Samuel. Rothrock, Daniel, Raymond, Charles. ?Robinson, William. Reddick, Jonathan W. Robinson, Joseph. Ross, James (100 acres). Smith, Charles (ground-rents, 100 acres). ?Smart, John. Starr, James (for landlord, 250 acres). ?Shultz, Lawrence. Souders, Henry (120 acres). HENDERSON TOWNSHIP. 283 Sharp, Solomon (100 acres). Simpson, John (100 acres). Slagle, Margaret (12 acres). ?Smith, Richard (ground-rents, 82 acres). *Shultz, Philip (distillery). Speck, Michael (100 acres). *Saxton, James. ?Steel, Samuel. ?Stevens, Benjamin R. *Swoope, Peter. *Simpson, William (95 acres). *Snyder, David. ?Steel, William (173 acres). ?Smith, William R. Smith, William M. (ground-rent). •Sowers, Philip (distillery). Shorthill, John (239 acres). Simpson, Robert (380 acreB). ?Schnarr, Casper. *Smlth, Rev. Thomas. Starr, Arthur. ?Sturtzman, Adam. Switzer, Daniel. Sturtzman, Henry, ?Shippen, Henry. Stover, Christian (for landlord, 400 acres). Starr, Stewart (for landlord, 63 acres). Simpson, Alex, Shoup, Henry (50 acres). Selfredge, William. ?Shultz, Peter. Snowden, Richard (negro). ?Tanner, Margaret. Thomas, John. Taylor, Simeon. Uman, Eli. Van Devender, Peter (194 acres). *Yantries, Abraham. ?Vantries & Newingham, ?Walker, Samuel (tannery). Woolv.erton, William (grist-mill, saw-mill, distillery, 500 acres). Williamson, John (100 acres). Wray, Robert (200 acres). ?Wilson, William. Weston, John . Wilson, Matthew (grist-mill, saw mill, distillery, 128 acres). ?Whittaker, John (ferry). ?Woods, William. Westbrook, John. Wolfkill, William (200 acres). White, Joseph. Wright, John (136 acres). ?WeBtbrook, Catharine. Whittaker, John, Jr. Wright, Matthew- (136 acres). Wyand, Philip (50 acres). Weaver, Henry (105 acres). Wise, Jacob (63 acres). Wise, Andrew. Wildebrand, Henry. Wasson, Samuel. Wells, Jacob. ?Westbrook, Levi. Yoder, Daniel (170 acres). Yoder, Christiau (175 acres). Yocum, Peter. Yocum, Jesse (130 acres). Yocum, John, Jr. Single Freemen. Armitage, Benjamin (distillery, 170 .acres). Africa, Daniel. Africa, David. Africa, John. Agnew, James. Anderson, Miller D. Brown, William. Brendle, Jacob. Cadwallader, Proctor. Custon, Seth, Cline, John. Copland, William. DaviB, Huston. Douglnes, James. Fee, John, Jr. Fee, George. Fockler, George. Fockler, Jacob. Fife, James. Gable, George. Given, George. HendSrson, Andrew. Hazzard, George, Jr. Hazzard, David. Hampson, George. *Henderson, John A. Hall, William. Isenberg, Gabriel. Kilpatrick, Joseph. King, Christian. Kemp, John R. Kurtz, Jacob. Kerr, Thomas, Jr. Kenslow, William. Kelley, Moses. Kelley, Aaron. Kelley, JameB. Lane, George. Lyons, John. Lincoln. Abel, Linn, Thomas (negro). Lytle, David. Miller, Alexander. Miller, Henry (tannery). Montgomery, Thomas. Morrison, Robert. Mower, Joseph V. Miller, Samuel. McCurdy, James. McKennan, Alexander. Nelson, James. Price, Marcus (negro). Polands, Jonathan. Patterson, John. Patton, James A. Riley, George. Robinson, Samuel. Robinson, John. Smith, William W. Sleigle, Henry. Smith, John. Steel, James, Shorthill, James. Simpson, James (420 acres). Steel, William. ?Simpson, James (of Huntingdon). Smiley, Samuel (200 acres). Smiley, William. Sites, Jacob. Simpson, John. Simpson, Foster. Souders, David. Steel, Robert. Van Devender, Abraham. Wiley, John (63 acres). Williams, William. Wisner, Isaac. Williamson, James (100 acres). Wolfkill, Daniel. Woolverton, Charles. Weaver, Joseph. Woolverton, Isaac. Yocum, John. ?Weaver, Daniel. A number of children of school age were reported as being unable to attend on account of the destitute circumstances of their parents. Civil Government. — The petition of a number of persons, inhabitants of the township of Hunting don, was presented to the court at its session in April, 1814, setting forth "that they would be much aggrieved by the confirmation of the division of the township, as reported upon by certain viewers and returned to the court, and praying that other viewers might be appointed to divide the said town ship so as to suit the convenience of the inhabitants thereof. Whereupon it was considered by the court and ordered that Lewis Mytinger, Maxwell Kinkead, and Robert Provinse be appointed to inquire into the necessity or propriety of dividing the said township, and if in their opinion it is necessary to divide the same so as to suit the convenience of the inhabitants thereof and to make a plat or draft of the township proposed to be divided, and the division line proposed to be made thereon, and of the township proposed to be laid off, if the same cannot be sufficiently described by natural boundaries, and make a report of their proceedings thereon to the next court." At the time appointed the report was made, but no action thereon was taken by the court until its Novem ber sessions, when the following record appears : " The report of Lewis Mytinger, Maxwell Kinkead, and Robert Prov inse, who were appointed at the last April court to view and, if they thought it necessary, to divide the township of Huntingdon, which was read at the August sessions, and is now again read and the same ordered to be confirmed as follows, to wit: Agreeably to the annexed order or rule of the court, we, the persons therein named, having all met at Huntingdon on Saturday, the 23d of July, 1814, for the purpose of di viding Huntingdon township, and having examined a draft of said town ship, and from our own knowledge of the local situation of the said township, are of opinion that the following division line will divide the said towuship so as to best suit the convenience of the inhabitants of each division, viz. : Beginning at the corner of West township line, on the Frankstown Branch of the Juniata River, near the limekiln, thence down the same to the mouth of Raystown Branch and to the corner of Union township, as may more fully appear by a draft of said township." Gen. Andrew Henderson, in honor of whom the township was named, was prominently identified with the then infant colonies in their struggle against British oppression during the Revolutionary war. He was distinguished for his uprightness of charac ter, and, where best known, most merited the appro bation of his fellow-men. One of his descendants, James Pinckney Henderson, was prominent in the affairs of the republic of Texas, and subsequently represented that State in the United States Senate. The western boundary of the township extended northeast from the limekiln on the river to a point beyond the Warm Springs, crossing Standing Stone Creek above that place, where it struck the West town ship line; thence from that point along that line to 284 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Mifflin County ; thence to Jack's Mountain, along which to the Juniata at Drake's Ferry. That part of Huntingdon township lying south of the Juniata at the same time received the name of Porter, " in consideration of the distinguished up rightness of the late Gen. Andrew Porter, surveyor- general, as a public officer, and his services during the Revolutionary war.'' It was bounded on the east by Union township, from which it was separated by Ter race Mountain ; on the south was Hopewell township ; on the west Woodberry and Morris; and on the north the Little Juniata and the Frankstown Branch of the Juniata. The township of Henderson has been reduced to its present limits by the formation of Brady in 1846 and Oneida in 1856-60. The principal officers, including those of the old township of Huntingdon, have been the following : ¦ 1 CONSTABLES. 1789, Andrew Donaldson ; 1790, Edward Hunter ; 1791, James Dean ; 1792, John Ashbaugh; 1793, William McKane; 1791-95, John Ward; 1796, Daniel McMurtrie; 1797, Henry Benner; 1798-99, David Caldwell; 1800, John Dorland; 1801, John Spencer; 1802, David Lloyd; 1803, Henry Canan; 1804, John Eshelman; 1805, John Bare; 1806, Isaac Adams ; 1807-8, Nicholas Isenberg ; 1809, Thomas Mclthon ; 1810-11, Henry Lloyd ; 1812, John Huyett ; 1813, William Kerr; 1814, William Moore and James Hampson ; 1815, John Brown ; 1816, Robert Wray; 1817, William Woolverton; 1818, Abraham Kurtz; 1819, Abraham Vandevender; 1820,, Matthias. Copeland ; 1821, John Fee; 1822, Asahel Brown; 1823, Henry Weaver; 1824, Kobert Simpson ; 1825, Solomon Sharp; 1826, David Hooley; 1827, David Yoder; 1828, Samuel Goodman; 1829, James Simpson; 1830, James Lane; 1831, John Wolfkill; 1832, John Hight; 1833, John McCartney ; 1834, Paul Orlady. OVERSEERS OF THE POOR. 1789, Jacob Laird, Henry Neff; 1790, James Dean, Alexander Dean; 1791, Edward Hunter, Alexander Dean ; 1792, John Spencer, George Faulkner; 1793, John Spencer, Henry Miller; 1794, James Dean, William Kerr; 1795, James Nesbit, Alexander Dean; 1796, Peter Swoope, Simon Potter; 1797, David Caldwell, John Fee, Sr. ; 1798, Adam Hall, Wm. Moore; 1798, Israel Cryder, Caleb Armitage. APPRAISERS. 1790, George Reynolds, John Dean; 1791, Peter Graffius, William Mc Coy; 1792, Andrew Anderson, James Dean ; 1793, George Faulkner, Thomas Whittaker ; 1795, William McConnell, Joshua Davis. SUPERVISORS OF ROADS. 1789, George Reynolds, Peter Vandevender ; 1790, William Kerr, George Faulkner; 1791, Israel Cryder, Jacob Laird; 1792, John Patton, William McCoy; 1793, John Patton, Caleb Armitage; 1794, Thomas Whittaker, Edward Hunter; 1795, Nathaniel Jarrard, David Lloyd; 1796, Charles Green, John Dorland; 1797, John Spencer, Henry Summers; 1798, David Caldwell, Joseph Exeter; 1799, Thomas Johnston, John Wertz; 1800, Charles Kelley, James McGinnis; 1801, Christian Detwiler, Martin Shultz; 1802, William Igo, Wil liam Gray; 1803, John Brown, Charles Caldwell; 1804, Henry Lloyd, Isaac Yoder; 1805, Henry Lloyd, John Fee; 1806-7, Henry Lloyd, James Hampson; 1808, Henry Lloyd, Thomas Harrison; 1809, Henry Lloyd, Robert Wray; 1810, Daniel Carpenter, Valen tine Heffner; 1811, James Williamson, Valentine Heffner; 1812, James Hampson, Valentine Heffner; 1814, Nicholas Isenberg, James Hampson; 1815, Jonathan Dean, Samuel Renner; 1816 Abraham Kurtz, William Porter; 1817, Joseph Carothers, Henry Sonders; 1818, Vincent RobinBon, William Henry; 1819, Matthias Copeland, Benjamin Armitage; 1820, John Fee, Peter Case; 1821, James Hight, Abraham Vandevender; 1822, Martin Orlady, John Bailer ; 1823, Jacob Detwiler, Robert Simpson ; 1824, James Hight, Peter CaBe; 1825, Robert Wray, Peter Case; 1826, Abraham Kurtz, James Hight ; 1827, Christian Miller, John Given ; 1828-29 Rob rt Wray, John Hight; 1830, John Fee, James Hight; 1831, Jama Por. ter, Daniel Yoder; 1832, James Hight, William Porter; 1833 James Hight, Daniel Yoder; 1834, James Hight, Jacob Detwiler' 1835 John Decker, Jacob Detwiler; 1836, Andrew Huey, John Fee' 1837* Samuel Hampson, Jacob Dorland ; 1838, Samuel Miller, Emanuel Warfleld; 1839, William Barefoot, Jesse Yocum; 1840, Robert Wray Abraham Shadle; 1841, John A. Campbell, Joseph Ross ; 1842 An drew Allison, Robert Huey ; 1843-44, John Wolfkill, Henry Corn- propst; 1845, John Wolfkill, James Hight; 1846, John Wolfkill Thomas Hamlin; 1847, Andrew Allison, Thomas Hamlin' 1848' Robert Wray, Andrew Decker; 1849, John Porter, Andrew Decker' 1850, David Goodman, John Decker; 1851, James Might, James Wilson; 1852, James Hight, James Porter; 1853, James Hight, Henry Hutchinson ; 1854, James Hight, Hiram Grady; 1855, Jacob Miller, George Numer; 1856, James Hutchinson, John Drenoen- 1857, Jacob Hetrick, John Decker; 1858, Abel Corbin, Hiram Grady 1859, John Numer, Danjel Kyper; I860, Jacob Hetrick, John Nu mer; 1861, Jacob Hutchinson, George Miller; 1862, Henry Steel George Miller; 1863, George Miller, Samuel Hetrick ; 1864, A. Alli son, J. Numer; 1865, Jacob Hetrick, John Flenner; I860, Jacob Hetrick, James Sloan ; 1867, Laben Hall, John Warfel ; 1868, Jacob Hetrick, David Rupert; 1869, Jesse Henry, James Wilson; 1870-71 Samuel Eby, J. S. Warfel ; 1872, Samuel Eby, John R. McCartney; 1873, R. M. McCartney, H. P. Decker; 1874, no report; 1875, Henry Steel, Andrew Decker; 1876, William Mundorf, H. P. Decker; 1877, J. K. Hetrick, William Mundorf; 1878, J. K. Hetrick, Michael En ders; 1879, Lewis Bergantz, Joseph Rupert; 1880, Joseph Endeffljis George Black ; 1881, Andrew Decker, C. C. Evans. General Industries. — The chief employment of the people of Henderson is the tillage of the soil hr the ordinary farm operations and fruit-culture, But formerly the lumber interests gave occupation to.*,- large number of men, nearly all the small streams being made to operate mills of limited capacity. A number of these are noted in the several property lists of this book, and others are here briefly men tioned. On Brown's Run, in the northwestern part of the township, John Colestock built a sawTmill many years ago, which is now operated by J. S. War fel. . On Sugar Grove Run James Simpson built a mill, which became the property of Samuel Goodman, and later of John Rupert, who yet owns and operates it. Near Mill Creek, on the canal and operated by the waters thereof, Samuel Simpson had a lumber-mill for many years, which was built about 1847 by William Buchanan. At the same place was formerly operated machinery for grinding fire-clay, which has been re moved and is now in use in Brady for preparing fire clay for the markets. Midway between Mill Creek and Huntingdon ia an extensive and fully-equipped lumber manufactur ing establishment belonging to Isaac Deihl & Ooi, and operated the past few years. The logs are sup plied chiefly by the Raystown Branch, and are gath ered into a boom near the mill. Steam is the motive- power, and the machinery consists of circular saws, edgers, lath saws, and other apparatus used in first- class mills. The capacity is about twenty thousand feet per day, and when fully in operation the mills give employment to a considerable number of men. Above that point, on the Pennsylvania Railroad, are the Ardenheim Pipe Works. These were estab lished in 1878 by C. H, Anderson for the manufacture of pipe and stoneware from the clay deposits in that HENDERSON TOWNSHIP. 285 locality. The vein is seven feet in thickness, and appears about five feet below the surface. It con sists of three distinct clays, of whitish, bluish, and yellowish colors. When properly manipulated it pro duces superior vitrified ware, being surpassed for these purposes by no other native clays. Mr. Ander son employed hand-machines in his works, lack of capital preventing the employment of steam-power. The capacity consequently was limited, and after a year's operation the works were discontinued. A small pottery, formerly carried on by P. Snyder at Ardenheim, has also been discontinued. Ardenheim Station received its name at the sugges tion of one of the officials of the railway company, who wished in this way to perpetuate the memory of a German recluse by that name who lived near Philadelphia. Its nearness to Huntingdon (being only' a mile and a half below the borough) has pre vented it from becoming a business point. It is a flag-station, and contains half a dozen houses. At this and at other points on the old turnpike, when that thoroughfare was one of, the great highways, inns were kept for the entertainment of the traveling public, one of the most noteworthy being known as the " Red House," which was a short distance above Mill Creek. It had a number of keepers, Gershom Lambert being among the number. He removed to the West, where his son Daniel became a very wealthy man. Alexander Carmon was also one of the land lords at this house, removing thence to Huntingdon. The proximity to that borough has prevented the citizens of Henderson from engaging in mercantile pursuits, only one small store being kept in the town ship. In 1871, Jacob Hetrick began selling a few goods at Union Church, and still carries on a limited trade. He is the deputy of the only post-office in the township, Joseph L. Bergantz being the postmaster. Union Church post-office was established in the sum mer of 1876, with George F. Hetrick as postmaster, Mr. Bergantz being his successor. Mails are supplied on Wednesday and Saturday of each week, the ser vice being from Huntingdon by way of Cornpropst's mills. In that locality mechanic shops have been maintained many years. On a tract of land which had been improved by the Rev. Jesse Ash, for some years the pastor of the Baptist Church at Mill Creek, Adam Warfel lived and carried on a blacksmith-shop. Subsequently Samuel Tyhurst, the father of the late Al. Tyhurst, was the owner of the shop. While returning to his home here from Newark, Ohio, Samuel Tyhurst sickened and died at the residence of his brother at Neff's Mills. The family soon after removed to Alex andria. The next smith was Jacob Hetrick, who came to the neighborhood in 1855, and for ten years followed that trade on the old Thomas Gorsuch place. For a short time Samuel Hetrick carried on a shop near Union school-house, selling out to James Barris, a car- PPnter. .In the vicinity of the church, David Thomp son was for a long term of years a blacksmith, and in the northern part of the township Lewis Bergantz has a smithy for the accommodation of the people of that section. At Union Church is a hall in which assemble statedly a grange of Patrons of Husbandry, of which Joseph Bergantz is the secretary. Among the enterprising men of the present day in Henderson may be mentioned Mr. Samuel Eby, of whom the following is a brief sketch. The Ebys of Lancaster County, Pa., figured among the early settlers in the Keystone State, and in old Lancaster developed into a large connection. Ben jamin Eby, a native of Lancaster County, moved to Franklin County early in life, and followed an active career as'blacksmith and farmer. He had six sons, of whomJJoel, Jacob, Benjamin, and Henry went to the West, John died in Perry County, and George (born in Lancaster County, April 2, 1795) settled in Franklin County, Pa. The last named married Susanna, daughter of Jacob Lutz, of Huntingdon County. In 1828, George Eby moved from Franklin County to Shirley township, Huntingdon Co., where he died Jan. 16, 1882, aged eighty-seven. Although blind for some years previous to his death, he was fairly active, and hearty to the last. His widow died in August, 188'2j aged also eighty-seven. They were married in 1819, and accordingly enjoyed a union of sixty-three years. They had seven children, — Jacob, Nancy, Samuel, George, Catherine, John, and Sarah. 286 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Samuel, the third child, was born in Franklin County, March 3, 1824, and remained at home until his twenty- sixth year, assisting his father in farming. April 1, 1851, he married Catherine E., daughter of John Morrison, of Shirley township, Huntingdon Co., and soon thereafter embarked in business as store-keeper at Mount Union, in partnership with his brother George. At the end of two years Samuel purchased his brother's interest, and conducted the store alone for the next three years. He then retired from mer cantile life, and forming a partnership with Mr. Wise for that purpose, took a contract for building a bridge in Juniata County, having already had experience in that direction in the erection of a bridge at Hunt ingdon. In March, 1859, he bought a fine river farm of upwards of three hundred acres, lying in Hender son township, Huntingdon Co., and removing thereto at once, has resided upoa it ever since. He has hand somely improved the place, and in 1876 erected upon it what is by far the best residence in the township. Mr. Eby has been a township school director pretty much all the time he has lived in Henderson, and in minor local offices has always borne his share of duty. He is a lifelong Democrat, as was his father before him. He is the Mend of progressive ideas, a stanch supporter and promoter of the cause of public education, and fully alive to the belief that every man, whatever his condition, owes it to himself to keep step with the advancement of the age. Mr. and Mrs. Eby have had nine children. The living are Hannah M., Alice S., Wilbert E., Juniata, and Samuel P. Educational and Religious. — In the neighbor hood of Union Church lived a class of people who early devoted much attention to school and church matters, and consequently their descendants became very worthy citizens. Although nearly all removed from the township, the recollection of their boyhood days has caused them often to revert to the scenes of their life in Henderson, and in the summer of 1881 a reunion of the surviving citizens was held at the Union school-house, when the events of those times were appropriately recalled by a number of speakers. Extracts from their addresses are here given. Said Judge John Porter, of Illinois, — " Previous to the erection of the house the school had been held in the upper story of a dwelling-house near by, the teacher with his fam ily occupying the lower story. The speaker well remembered his first visit to the school-house as a pupil on a frosty autumn morning, in his bare feet, and being early and finding the door locked, and being com pelled to warm his feet in the sunlight on a pile of chips till the arrival of the teacher. The furniture of that school-room consisted principally of a dozen or so of benches made of yellow-pine slabs, hauled from the saw-mill at Huntingdon, with legs so long that the smallest boy could, when seated, just reach the floor with his toes. Some of the boys in thiB crowd were there during that winter. The teachers he could not attempt to describe. His impression then was that they were rather severe, and diapoBed to keep the boys a little too close to work, but he was now inclined to think that they were but doing their duty with the rough material and appliances at hand. The object was to InBtill into the youthful mind the Shorter Catechism and the rules of arithmetic with an occasional effort to force upon us a few of the rules of grammar, in which they did not succeed, as the audience would observe before th speaker concluded his remarks. " The house was erected in 1831, and he could not tell how much time he had spent there. Tt seemed to him a long time, but he remembered of being kept at home one or two winters, in order to keep him even with the rest, his father being very democratic in his ideas, and not ' wishing any of his sons to get too far ahead. The surroundings have all changed. It does not look like it did then. He remembered the long weary hours he had spent there during a session in summer, and could imagine nothing short of an ague chill that could make time lart bo long. He used to sit on one of the high benches all forenoon and wish it was noon, and for four long hours during the afternoon wish ing it was night; when be wanted out so badly that he built castles hi the air, and imagined a causeway built from the farther window ex tending around the grove and back to the other window, and spent hours traveling in that circle, and having a good time, until awakened to a sense of duty by the teacher's rod. School-houses have improved since then. One word in regard to the old worthies that built tliia house fifty years ago. They were then in the prime of life, and were performing a duty to their children to the best of their ability. They built this house and planned it, and there is scarcely one of them left. Nearly all have laid down the burden of life and gone to the better Jand, but the fruits of their labor no mortal will ever know. It was built for a school-house, but they built and planned it also for a house of worship. Thauk God, they were catholic enough to build a house where all men could meet and worship according to the dictates of their own conscience, where Presbyterians, Baptists, and Methodists might mingle in the common worship of a common Father. Like tbe Puritan fathers they came here to worship, and unlike them they permitted others to do the same. They were free from the fell spirit of persecu tion which the Puritan fathers brought with them, and were bo much farther advanced in Christianity and religious toleration that they agreed that all might worship here. Many of us have attended the In discriminate ministry of all denominations and received good lessons from all. They were God-fearing men, and built their ideas of religion and secular education on the Bible and its teachings, and they built wisely and well. They were all farmers, and not one of them had ever seen a rubber applied to a wagon. Not one had ever seen' a railroad train, and not one had ever seen a threshing- machine, except the old- fashioned flail. Times are changing, and we are changing with them, but this old Bible upon which they builded, and the doctrines upon which it is based, are immutable and will stand forever. Those bills in which I could once Bee no beauty in looking over them, after an ab sence of thirty years look beautiful now. .Fruitful fields and smiling farms are now to be seen where then there was nothing but woods." Concerning the house and its builders, Samuel T. Brown, of Huntingdon, said, — " What of the founders and early scholars of this institution ? I would like to speak of them aB individuals, but would I stop? Had they any distinguishing traits as a class or community? They were not wealthy, powerful, or learned. They had to contend from the start with a rugged forest, a sterile soil, and steep hillsides. Not a rich man among us all to give us influence or power. Our common school system was not then in existence. Education could only be obtained by the determined per severance of our parents and ourselves. Every family must devote the long months of summer aud fall to labor in order that the children might have a few months of schooling in the winter, and yet it would he hard to find a neighborhood in which bo few could be found without a fair common education. As a general rule, we could read, and did read all the books we could buy or borrow. Although the conditionsflf life were somewhat hard, we were not at all intimidated or cast down. Per haps we enjoyed life as well, after all, as many communities more highly favored. Every man, woman, and child was ready to help a neighbor in a pinch. Even the labors of the farm and household were made the occasion of many asocial gathoring,and I venture to say that very many of us look back to apple-cuttings, the choppings and log-rollings, the stone haulings and corn-huskings as among the happiest days of our lives. We did not see or handle much money, but we learned how to do all sorts of useful work while yet very young. Trainingof thiB kind made us healthful, vigorous, and self-reliant. Many of ne, I know, came to the conclusion early that the boy or man who could make a living here could make a living anywhere, and might make abetter ona some other place. So we scattered and separated until to day the homes and the graves of that sturdy band are found in every State Btretching westward from these slopes of the Allegheuies to the far-off Nevada* on HENDERSON TOWNSHIP. 287 the Pacific coast. Ab a general rule, they have held their own wherever they went in the battle of life. They have not been office-seekers or office-holders to any extent, and this, I hold, is to their credit. All they asked was a fair field and no gouging. They were willing to give the odds of wealth and start where others had it, and often managed to come out even at the end of the race. "That the graduates of this log college succeeded in life was owing as much to the store of health here laid in as to any mental training. Clearing and tilling these rugged hills was hard work, but the air was fresh and invigorating. We had no college campus or gymnasium for our youthful sports when at school, but the open woods all about the building gave ample space for prisoner's base, corner-cat, and town-ball. Here I must say no amount of learning will produce its best results unleBs accompanied with vigorous health. The practice of imposing on children and youth a long course of school and college training, at the expense of physical development, is like crowding a cargo of rich mer chandise into a frail and feeble vessel and sending it forth to meet the Btorms and tempests of the ocean. If the early settlers here had any distinguishing trait of character it was, in my judgment, a sturdy, honest self-reBpect. Every man had his own opinion, aud Btood ready to maintain it. This, as a general rule, applies to the generation of my own age as well as that preceding it. I can say for myself that though I have been as poor and obscure as I well could be, I never saw the day when I did not consider myself tlie equal of the best boy or man I ever knew or heard of, and just as good as I am to-day. I believe that was a prevailing trait of character among my kindred and friends here, and if any of them differed from that standard they fell just so far below the general average in all that made this community respectable and respected, "In looking back over the roll of scholars of thirty. or forty years ago, I find that a very large proportion of them became teachers, for longer or shorter periods. I think more than one-half of them taught school more or less; not as a permanent business, but doing it well for the time being, and making it a stepping-stone to something more lu crative. In the family of my uncle, James Porter, there were eight sons, and seven of them taught school. In our family there were eight children, and Beven of them were teachers for a time. It has been said that the boys of New England are born with spelling-books in their mouths, but I doubt whether you could find many school districts in New England that would 4Bpell down' the old 'Union1 in its palmiest days. We prided ourselves in the art and mystery of spelling, and our spelling-schools ranked "well up with our singing-BChoolB. These insti tutions gave us a great deal of fun and solid enjoyment. I think there has never been anything invented quite equal to a country singing- flfihool as conducted here. " During my early life this was not only a school-house, but it was our church, our lyceum, and our academy of music and public hall as well. "This was always a religious community, and though in my day here the majority of the people were Presbyterians, they always turned out to hear any preacher who came along, and filled the old house from, door to platform, Mr. Peebles gave us the gospel according to Presbyterian forms, and Jesse Ash and old Father Thomas gave us the Baptist doc trine. Afterwards William Jones came here as a young Baptist min ister. He was somewhat sensational, and stirred up a little breeze among our conservative old church-goerd. Theology, immersion, and sprinkling were the leading topics of discussion among us for a time. I remember my mother told Rev. Jones to his face that the Baptists were sound CalviniBts just as the Presbyterians were, but he was not preach ing the doctrine of his own church, but preaching Arminianism, and she would hear no more of it. My mother knew all about the Cate chism and the Confession of Faith, and she read the Bible and Buck's Theological Dictionary with close attention. Mr. Jones was never con verted to Presbyte nanism, however, but he afterwards married a daughter of Mr. John Postlethwaite, a Presbyterian elder, then became a Seventh-Day Baptist, went to India as missionary, returned to Eng land, and is now preaching to a congregation in London. I believe the Methodists never had any regular preaching here, at least in my day. The Lutheran Church has now become the leading denomination, and I am glad to know they maintain the reputation of the old neighbor hood for religion and good morals." Of one of the attendants of the schools maintained in the aforesaid building the Rev. William M. Jones wrote from England, — "I think I can safely say that one of the earliest scholars in that log or block-house was Elizabeth Postlethwaite, afterwards my dear com panion for nearly a score of yearB, and who became accustomed to the French language in the West Indies, Hayti ; afterwards a teacher in Shelah Academy, New Jersey, and after that a student in Arabic and Hebrew in Palestine. In ali three languages she was quite proficient. Though never pretending to brilliancy, she was, nevertheless, solid and real in all that she did, and her linguistic attainments were perfect as far as they went. There was no show in her attempts to speak either French or Arabic, and her Hebrew was good enough for a theological graduate and some to spare. Her mortal remains, and those of. her youngest child, lie buried iu the American cemetery on Mount Zion, just without the walls of Jerusalem." Among other teachers at the Union school-house were John Brown and his wife, Jennie Porter. Mr. Brown was a thorough teacher and a rigid discipli narian. He was endowed with quick perceptions and a wonderfully retentive memory, which enabled him to repeat page after page of Burns, and to retain the facts of history fully in mind. On the return of each Sabbath-day he apportioned to every member a certain amount of Scriptures or catechism, which had to be learned during the week, under penalty of severe punishment. Contrary to general custom, he used neither liquor nor tobacco, and abhorred the forms of profanity so prevalent in many localities. As il lustrating this trait of his character, it is related that on one occasion, while his pupils were at play, a young man passing along the road used profane lan guage in conversation with the children. This being reported to the teacher, he was greatly incensed, and he determined to punish the young man on his re turn home. When he saw him approach the house he tapped on the window to attract his attention, and called him in. After ascertaining the truth of the re port from the young man himself, he took down the ever-ready birch and gave the astonished fellow a sound thrashing, and after admonishing him not to repeat his offense, told him to proceed on his way. Although this was rather an arbitrary use of power, it gives us a glimpse of the stern qualities of the teachers of that period when they were actuated by moral principles. The excessive immigration from Henderson had a depressing effect upon the schools and churches of the township, so that these interests have latterly not been conspicuously noteworthy. The future of schools, however, promises to be more auspicious, and even now Henderson has a not unfavorable ex hibit in educational matters. In 1880 seven schools were maintained, each five months, at a cost of nearly one thousand dollars. The average number attend ing was one hundred and forty-one. No record exists of the first school board under the common-school system, but since 1836 the direc tors annually elected have been the following : 1837, William Campbell, Jacob Detweiler; 1838, Andrew Allison, Dr. John Metz ; 1839, Jonathan H. Dorsey, John Hight, Alexander Simp son; 1840, James Shorthill, James Sloan; 1841, Andrew Allison, Dr. John Metz ; 1842, John Hight, Jonathan H, Dorsey ; 1843, Alexander Simpson, JameB Shorthill ; 1844, Leonard G. Kessler, Dr. John Metz ; 1845, John Hight, John A. Campbell; 1846, Marfin Fleming, David Thompson; 1847, John Porter, James P. Wray, S. Goodman, John ColBtock, and Jacob Miller; 1848, James Goodman, George Numer; 1849, John ColBtock, Stephen Gorsuch; 1850, John Porter, T. P. 288 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Campbell, David Black, John Colstock, Thomas Fisher, George Tay lor: 1851, Jackson Fee, James WilBon, Dennis Buoy ; 1852, Andrew Decker, Stephen Gorsuch; 1853, James Goodman, John FlerineC; 1854, Jacob Miller, John Warfel, James Wilson ; 1855, Elisha Shoe maker, George Numer; 1856, John Rhodes, John Flenner; 1857, John Goodman, John Porter; 1858, James D. Hight, John Warfel; 1869, John Numer, Adam Rupert; 1860, David Hare, Jacob Hess, George Miller; 1861, Samuel Eby, John Warfel, Henry S.Miller; 1862, Thomas Dorland, Daniel Rupert; 1863, William Mundorf, Lewis Bergantz, John Warfel ; 1864, Samuel Eby ; 1865, James Bar- ras, Simon Bayles; 1866, James WilBon, John Rhodes; 1867, Dan iel Rhodes, Simon White; 1868, John Numer, Lewis Bergantz ; 1869, William Mundorf, Samuel Eby; 1870-71, A. Decker, J. A. Shultz; 1872, George Miller; 1873, Samuel Steel, Josepli Enders; 1874, D. Rhodes, L. Bergantz ; 1875, Samuel Eby, Charles Estes ; 1876, Laben Hall, G. F. Hetrick ; 1877, Samuel Eby, David Peightal, Samuel Steel ; 1878, Laben Hall, George W. Bergantz ; 1879, Daniel Row land, Samuel Eby ; I860, Henry Steel, Andrew Decker; 1881, Henry Lamp, William Hern. About thirty years ago the only meeting-house in the township was erected near Union school-house by a congregation of Presbyterians, which had for a time a flourishing existence. Subsequently the mem bers became so few that the organization was given up, the church at Huntingdon absorbing the remain ing interest. The history of that religious body con sequently is not produced here. Unity Church, after being unoccupied some time, became the property of The Mount Zion Evangelical Lutheran Congre gation, and has since served as a place of worship for that church. The congregation was formed about 1858 of a number of persons, among whom were Jo seph Camp and wife, Jacob Hetrick and wife, John and Rosina Rhodes, Samuel Hetrick and wife, Rachel, Catherine, and Elizabeth Hess. The church had the same pastors as Huntingdon until 1874, when, in con nection with Mill Creek and McAlevy's Fort, a new charge was constituted, with the Rev. A. A. Kerlin as pastor. His pastorate was terminated May 1, 1881, and in July following the Rev. S. Croft took charge of these churches. Mount Zion has ninety commu nicants, and a church council composed of William Mundorf, John Hall, Henry Steel, and Joseph Ber gantz. In the first council were Robert Sherlon, elder, and Jacob Hetrick, deacon. Among the elders have been George Hetrick, James Hall, Daniel Row land, Joseph Garner, and others. Unity meeting-house has been repaired, and now presents a fair appearance. In this house a Sunday- school has been maintained, first by the Presbyterians and since by the Lutherans, which has been attended by the people of the central part of the township in general. In the summer of 1881 the enrollment was one hundred members, and William Mundorf and William Hern were the superintendents. Although other denominations have a following in the town ship, their main organization is outside the limits of . Henderson. CHAPTER XLII. HOPEWELL TOWNSHIP. Hopewell was one of the six original townships of Huntingdon County at the time of its organization in 1787. It then included the territory now embraced in the townships of Union, Tod, Cass, Penn, Carbon and Lincoln. Union, which then included Tod, Cass and Carbon, was formed from it in 1791; Penn in 1846 ; and Lincoln, in 1866. It is now one of the smallest townships in the county. As now constituted it is bounded on the north by Lincoln township, east by Lincoln, Tod, and Carbon townships, south by the county of Bedford, and west by Bedford and Blair Counties. It is the south western township in the county. It lies between Terrace and Tussey Mountains, and between these, running parallel with them, are several lesser ranges of mountains or hills, known respectively as Alle- grippa Ridge, Pine Ridge, Backbone, Warrior Ridge, and Mulberry Ridge. It is traversed by the Raystown Branch of the Juniata River, which runs in a northeasterly course along the base of Terrace Mountain. The principal affluent of this stream in Hopewell is Shy Beaver Creek, which rises near Cove Station and empties into Raystown Branch near the line between Hope well and Lincoln townships. The surface of the township is hilly generally, though there is some level land in the valleys along the above-named streams, and there, as well as on the hillsides, are excellent farms. The hilly regions are mostly utilized for farming, which is the principal business in the township. The mountainous parts of the township are covered with timber, mostly locust, chestnut, and the different varieties of oak. The only manufactory in the township is the tan nery of W. S. Enyeart & Bros. This is located in Puttstown village, near the southeast corner of the township. This was first established in 1857 by Messrs. Pepser and Putenbaugh. It had been a carding- and cloth-dressing mill, but was converted into a tannery by the above firm. The machinery was propelled by the water of Shoup's Run. The firm became Pepser & Enyeart, then Enyeart & Sons, then, in 1877, as at present. In 1880 the tannery was rebuilt, and in the spring of 1882 new machinery was introduced, propelled by a steam- engine of twenty horse-power ; five hands are em ployed, and the; tannery has a capacity of two thou sand five hundred hides annually. The only grist-mill now in Hopewell was erected in 1842 at Puttstown by Henry Putt, It was first a log mill, with one run of stones that were quarried on Broad Top Mountain. It was propelled then as now by water from Shoup's Run. In 1853 the old log mill was taken down and the present framed tyj&A-xM Oj j Lj^ejurvX David B. Weaver was born in Hopewell township, Huntingdon Co., Pa., in 1840. His mother was of the Berkstresser and Sheckler families, the first settlers along the Raystown branch of the Juniata River. He was brought up as a farmer. His father owned a farm at Weaver's Bridge. He gave up farming as an occupation in 1863, and went to the Broad Top Coal-Mines, in the capacity of weighmaster at the Crawford Colliery. In 1863 and 1864 he was engaged in mining coal for supplying fuel for the motive power of the Huntingdon and Broad Top Railroad at the Prospect Colliery. In the spring of 1864 he went to Iowa, got an outfit, and crossed the plains to the gold-fields of Montana, arriving at Emigrant Gulch in the latter part of August the same year. He was one of a party of three men who first found gold in paying quantities in the Yellowstone Valley. Tins was on the 30th of August, 1864. He raised the first potatoes that were cultivated on the upper Yellowstone Valley, in the summer of 1865. Was engaged in gold-mining during the seasons of 1864, 1865, and 1866. In the fall ot 1866 Mr. Weaver went to San Francisco. Was employed as a pumping engineer at Mt. Diablo Coal-Mines, California, from Dec. 3, 1866, until Jan. 1, 1868. Returned to Pennsylvania and married Miss Elizabeth Mountain, a grand daughter of Jane McGuire, whose narrow escape from capture by the Indians is chroni cled in Jones' " History of the Juniata Valley" (when Francis Donnelly and son were killed by the Indians near Standing Stone Fort). Mr. Weaver went to Missouri in the spring of 1 869, and returned on account of his father's death the next fall to the place where he now resides. In 1875 he was elected a member (and took the oath of office on Jan. 3, 1876) of the board of county commissioners of Huntingdon County, this being the first full board under the present constitution of Pennsylvania. After serving out his term of office he retired to private life. In January, 1883, Mr. Weaver purchased the "Morrison Mills," near Hawthorn, Fla., where he intends to reside. ttjwHJ HOPEWELL TOWNSHIP. 289 structure erected on its site by Levi Putt, a son of Henry. In this there are three run of burr stones. At a very early day there was a rude grist-mill on the Raystown Branch, about two miles above the mouth of Shy Beaver Creek. It has long since gone to ruin, though the remains of the dam are still to be seen. Tradition says the last person who carried on this mill was a man named Walters. In times past there were in this township many saw mills. On Shy Beaver Run four are remembered, and on Shoup's Run and Raystown Branch four others, besides several on smaller streams. Of these only two remain, one on Shy Beaver, owned by John B. Beaver, and the other on a smaller stream, by William Stone. Of the iron ore which abounds in this township, one mine is worked by Robert H. Powel, of Phila delphia, who, in 1882, erected an extensive furnace a few miles away. The village of Puttstown, in the southern corner of the township, was commenced by Jacob Putt, who erected the first house there in 1840. It has now a grist-mill, a tannery, and about thirty dwellings. At Cove Station there is a post-office, a small rail road depot, and a few dwellings. In the northern part of the township is a small hamlet, where Shy Beaver post-office is located. The Huntingdon and Broad Top Railroad passes through the township in a northeasterly and south westerly direction. On this is a flag station named Rough and Ready, about a mile and a half from the north line of the township, and Cove Station, near the southern boundary.- The original thoroughfare or highway through the township ran along the eastern base of Warrior's Ridge, but this ceased to be used some seventy years since. It was originally an Indian trail. Along this road the first settlements in the township were made. Subsequently the road through Woodcock Valley, between Warrior Ridge and Tussey Mountain, was constructed. (Tradition says that the valley was so named because the workmen on this road found many of these birds there.) The present road, or rather roads along Raystown Branch were not built till about .1839, though a poor excuse for a road had pre viously existed there. Pioneers. — It is not now known who were the first settlers in what is now Hopewell, nor when they came. The original settlers, as before stated, came on the old Indian trail along the eastern base of Warrior's Ridge. Of these, the names of Skelly brothers, Michael and Felix, are known. They set tled near Elk Gap, in Woodcock Valley, on land now owned by John B. Weaver. What was known as Elk Lick was near the house of the Skellys. This was much frequented by elk and deer at that early day, and even at the present time they often come here. Of these brothers, Michael was killed here and Felix was taken prisoner by the Indians. 19 Michael Diamond was also an early settler here. He erected the log house that is now occupied by J. B. Weaver, the oldest in the township. None of the descendants of these families are in this region. George Elder and his sons George and William were among the pioneers here. They located in Woodcock Valley, about half a mile from what is now Cove Station. The wife of William was made a prisoner by the Indians at the same time Felix Skelly was captured. None of the descendants of the Elder family are here. Jacob Weaver came in 1791 with his wife and five children from the vicinity of Hagerstown, Md. They followed the Indian trail, and brought their effects on the back of a cow. They located on the farm now owned by John B. Weaver, opposite Elk Gap. They had five sons and three daughters. Of the sons, two, Peter and John, went West; Henry, Christian, and Leonard remained and reared families. Of the sons of Henry, John B., sixty-three years of age, resides on the farm where his grandfather originally set tled, and William lives on a part of the same farm. John B. has three children living in this vicinity, and William two. Six of the children of Leonard and two of the grandchildren of Christian reside in the township. George Russell came in 1795 from Berks County, Pa., and located near Jacob Weaver in Woodcock Valley. He had three sons and three daughters. Many of the grandchildren of the sons reside in Hopewell. Jeremiah and William Smart were early settlers on the Raystown Branch, but none of their descendants remain. Frederick Sheckler also came from Maryland, and settled on the Raystown Branch near Puttstown. Some of his descendants in the female line are still here. Boston Heeter came from Maryland and settled on the Raystown Branch half a mile above the mouth of Shy Beaver Creek. George Buchanan settled early, midway between Puttstown and the mouth of the Shy Beaver, on Raystown Branch. Andrew McFur- ran settled just above Mr. Buchanan. James Lynch was an early settler at the head of what was known as " Rogue's Hollow," near the branch. None of the descendants of these men are in Hopewell. Daniel Imler settled at an early time on the Shy Beaver, about a mile from its mouth. Jacob Kochen- hower came early, and located near where Shy Beaver post-office now is. Official List. — The officers of Hopewell township have been the following : SUPERVISORS. 1789, Joseph Norris, William Hoake; 1790, Alexander Huston, Jacob Ganshorn ; 1791, Wilkinson Lane, Solomon Sill ; 1792. John Shaver, Martin Mixel ; 1793, Henry Shultz, John Shaver ; 1794, John Nor ris, Joshua Davis; 1795, David Swoope, Lewis Reigh'; 1796, John Skelly, Joseph Norris, Sr. ; 1797, Isaac Easton, Michael McAffee; 1798, Frederick Heeter, John Freet ; 1799, Thomas S. Wilson, Wil liam Elder; 1800, Jacob Grace, George Russell; 1801, William 290 HISTORY OP HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Smart, Joseph Fay; 1803, James Entrekin, John Pechel; 1804, John Keith, Valentine Fink ; 1805. Isaac Bowers, Adam Keith, Jr. ; 1806, John Craft", Joseph Kerry, Jr.; 1807, Sebastian Heeter, Michael Garner; 1808, Adam Aunier, John Bailey; 1809, John Bailey, Adam Anier; 1810, John Reiuley, Frederick Heeter ; 1811, William Eynart, Matthew Gardner ; 1814, Nicholas Isenberg, James Thompson ; 1815, William W. Harris, John Reed ; 1816, George Buchanan, Joseph Norris ; 1817, Daniel Summers, William Barrack ; 1818, Jacob Grove, Evan Davis ; 1819, Christian Shontz, Harry Weaver ; 1820, William Houk, Jacob Barrick ; 1822, Adam Snyder, Alexander McCall ; 1823, Alexander McCall, Michael Stone; 1824, William Elder, Peter Pechtel; 1826, Henry Hannawalt, John Hoover; 1826, Abraham Kuntz, James Hight; 1827, Levi Wilson, Daniel Brumback ; 1828, Michael Garner, Adam Snyder; 1829, John Shultz, Isaac Bowers; 1830, John Boyer, William Elder; 1831, Abraham Grubb; 1832, Jacob Fink, William Elder; 1833, Lloyd Houck, Thomas Enyeart; 1834, Christopher Moses, Joseph Kneely ; 1835, David Schner, Leon ard Weaver : 1836, George Prough, Isaac Peicntal ; 1837, Jacob Fink, Frederick Heeter; 1838, Jacob Fink, Jacob Weaver ; 1839, Jacob Weaver, Philip Holler; 1840, Jacob Hess, Daniel Shultz; 1841, David Shullz, Joseph Norris; 1842, John Russell, Thomas Norris; 1843, Henry Zimmerman, Francis Haller; 1844, Henry Shultz, Jeffer son Simonton; 1845, John Garner, David Mountain; 1846, Daniel Shontz, Charles Blagill ; 1847, Leonard Weaver, Samuel Beaver; 1848, David Miller, John B. Weaver; 1849, David Miller, Robert McCall ; 1850, John Brumbaugh, Abraham Brumbaugh ; 1851, Jacob Summers, Martin Hysong; 1852, Samuel Beaver, Henry Putt; 1853, Edward Duncan, William Weaver; 1854, Samuel Schell, John I. Decker; 1855, J. Russell, Edward Duncan; 1856, John Donaldson, Henry Carbough ; 1857, J. Moyer, G. Barkstresser ; 1858, W. Brum baugh, S. Grove ; 1859, Henry Shultz, Jacob Weaver; 1860, Henry Shultz, Charles Buller ; 1861, Daniel Brumbaugh, Jonah Reed ; 1862, David Lynn, William Weaver; 1863, David Lynn, Nicholas Lynn; 1864, George Russell, John Beaver; 1865, David Lynn, Nicholas Lynn ; 1866, David Lynn, Andrew Brumbaugh ; 1867, Solomon Lynn, Charles Butler ; 1868, William Morgan, John K. Russell ; 1869, John B. Weaver, Adam Speck; 1870, Miles Putt, W. Weaver; 1872, W. Weaver, A. Russell; 1873, Andrew Carvey, William Fleck ; 1874, T. N. Weaver, John B. Weaver; 1876, Levi Hanpt, Abraham Russell; 1876, A. Lloyd, Noah Smith ; 1877, Abner Lloyd, J. B. Russell ; 1878, Abner Lloyd, David Russell; 1879, Leonard Smith, Jacob Stone; 1880, John W. Russell, J. Wilson Weaver ; 1881, Frederick Evans, Isaac Russell. CONSTABLES. 1788, William Dean; 1790, John Bishop; 1791, Jacob Shoup; 1792-93, Richard Plummer ; 1794, Michael Gardner ; 1795, Martin Maxwell ; 1796, William Smart; 1797, Abraham Grubb; 1798, Joshua Davis; 1799, Michael McAfea; 1800, William Estep; 1801, John Keith; 1802-3, Fred. Heeter ; 1804-5, Andrew McFerren ; 1806, Jacob Dit- wyler; 1807, Henry Sommers; 1808, Joseph Fray; 1809, Richard Dowlin ; 1810, William Elder; 1811, S. Hoover; 1812, Henry Shultz; 1813, John Dean; 1814, William Enyartson ; 1815, Joseph Norris; 1816, George Russell ; 1817, Benjamin Bailey ; 1818, William W. Har ris; 1819, Henry Hannawalt; 1820, Thomas Clark; 1821, George Buchanan ; 1822, AmoB Clark ; 1823, William Barrick ; 1824, Matthew Gardner; 1825, Michael Garner; 1826, Peter Pechtel ; 1827, William Enyeart, Jr.; 1828, Abraham Vantries; 1829, John Keith; 1830, Lloyd Houck; 1831, Jacob Summers; 1832-33, Lloyd Houck ; 1834, Samuel Watson ; 1835, Caleb Swoope ; 1836, Jacob Hess ; 1837, Wil liam Dean ; 1838, John Bowers ; 1839, William Richardson ; 1840, Eli Plummer ; 1841-42, John B. Weaver ; 1843, Eli Heeter ; 1844-46, George Russell; 1847-48, Thomas Hall; 1849, Jacob Summers; 1850, David Mountain ; 1851, J. W. Berkstresser; 1852-63, Samuel Beaver; 1854, William Johnston; 1855, Alexander Park; 1856, Jacob Rus sell; 1857, Jackson Beaver; 1858, J. Bundle; 1859, William Rich ardson ; 1860, John Rothrock ; 1861 -62, David Shoup ; 1863-64, John Fulton ; 1865, W. S. Entrekin ; 1866, John Fulton ; 1867, George Berkstresser; 1868-71, George C. Hamilton; 1872, George Berk stresser ; 1873-75, David Helsel ; 1876-77, George Berkstresser ; 1878 -81, William Stone. OVERSEERS OF THE POOR. 1789, William Shirley, Hugh Shalley ; 1790, Adam Keigh, Michael Keigh ; 1791, William Shirley, Levi Moore; 1793, Levi Moore, William Shirley; 1794, Lovi Moore, William Shirley ; 1795, Joseph Morris, Joshua Davis ; 1796, Peter Harstock, Adam Koigh ; 1797, Peter Hart- sock, Adam Keith; 1798, Peter Hartsock, Adam Keith; 1799 j™ Davis, Sr., Joseph Norris, Sr. ; 1800, Joshua Davis, Joseph Norris- 1801, John Dean, Sr., Joseph Norris, Sr. ; 1803, Adam Keith ,ln| ' Norris; 1804, Adam Keith, Sr., Michael Keith; 1813, Robert Wray, Robert Wason ; 1815, George Russell, Adam Duman • 1816 Richard Dowland, Joseph Norris; 1817, Henry Hanawalt, George' Brumbaugh; 1818, Daniel Shaffer, William Elder; 1819, William Barrick, Henry Hanawalt; 1820, Henry Hanawalt, John Norris. 1822, William Elder, R. Brown; 1823, George Russell petBr' Pechtel ; 1824, Daniel Brumbagh, Christian Shontz; 1825 Jacob Barrick, Christian Shontz; 1826, Josepli Doland, John Hught- 1827, Henry Hannawalt, William Barrick; 1828, John Keith' John Garner; 1829, George Ruple, John Bowers; 1830, Jacob Barrick, John Bowers ; 1831, William Barrack, Peter Pechtel- 1832 Jacob Grove, Abraham Bowers ; 1834, Thomas Clark, Isaac Brum! baugh; 1835, Daniel Brumbaugh, Thomas Clark; 1836, Matthew Garner, George Brumbaugh ; 1837, Jacob Stouffer, George Gamer- 1838, Peter Peightal, Henry Sheeder; 1839, Henry Summers, De- walt Fouse ; 1840, ¦ • ; 1841, Dewalt Fouse, Edward Dunran • 1842, John Anderson, John Barkstresser; 1843, Felix Linn David Miller; 1844, Eli Plummer, Thomas Norris; 1845, Jacob Fink, Jef. ferson Simonton; 1846, William Dean, Jacob Fink; 1847, Robert McCall, Leonard Weaver ; 1848, Jeffries Simonton, John Plummer- 1849, Jeffries Simonton, John Shultz; 1850, John Shultz, Jacob Sum mers ; 1851, Jacob Summers, Michael Star; 1852, John Weaver Nicholas Lynn ; 1853, John Brumbaugh, George Russell ; 1854, Leon ard Weaver, Samuel Johnston; 1855, Adam Fouse, D. Mountain- 1856, Samuel Schell, Samuel Johnston. ASSESSMENT OF 1788. Arranged according to present townships. Hopewell (now Penn). Anderson, Stewart, 50 a. propr. land, 2 h., 2 c. Bishop, John, 150 a. W., propr. land, 4 h., 2 c. Barrut, William, 100 a., propr. land, 1 c, 2 c. Denis, Jacob, 100 a. L. Dean, John, 190 a. deed, 2 h., 1 c. Dowland, Richard, 150 a. W., 1 h. Dean, William, 100 a. W., 2 h., 2 c. Donaldson, Moses, 150 a. W., 2 h., 2 c. Engard, William, 170 a. L., 2 h., 3 c. Engard, John, 50 a. W., propr. land, 2 h:, 1 c. Hartsock, Peter, Jr., 50 a. L., 2 h., 2 c. Hartsock, Peter, Sr., 200 a. L. (George Elder). Hartsock, Samuel, 1 h., 1 c. Knowles, Daniel, 10 a. L., 1 h., 1 c. Norris, Joseph, 390 a. W., 2 h., 1 c, 2 negroes. Norris, John, 200 a, W., 2h., 3 c. Reed, Alexander, 100 a. L., 2 h., 2 o. Reed, John, 200 a. W., 2 h. 2 c. Sills, Solomon, 150 a. deed, 4 h., 4 c. Sills, Solomon, 200 a. propr., 4 h., 4 c. Spoon, Henry, 100 a. L. Wilson, Thomas, Esq., 150 a. L., 2h., 4 c, 1 mill. Huntinguon (now Penn), 1788. Ashbock, John, 300 a. manor., 4 h., 4 c, 1 still. Bowers, Mary, 100 a. manor, 2 h., 2 c. Brackenridge, Mary, 300 a. manor. Bittle, John, 150 a. deed, 2 h., 4 o. , Buckhannon, George, 200 Lunnon, 2 h., 1 c. Davis, John, 200 a. W., 2 h., 2 c. Donnelson, Andrew, 150 a. manor, 3 h., 3 c. DonnelBon, Andrew, 100 a. W. Entrican, James, 100 a. Lunnon, 2 h., 3 c. Hopewell (not Classified). Brown, William, 200 a. L., 2 h., 1 c. ¦ Brown, James, 200 a. L., 2 h., 1 c. Butcher, Philip, 200 a. L., 2 h., 1 c. Burns, Nathan, 1 h. Canon, Charles, 50 a. L., 1 h., 1 c. Case, John. 200 a. (See Union.) Deckerhoff, Ferdinand, 2 h., 2 c. Florah, James, 50 a. L., 1 h., 1 c. Gibboney, Edward, 100 a. W., 1 h., 1 c. HOPEWELL TOWNSHIP. 291 Hutson, Richard, 100 a. W. Hughes, William, 50 a. L., 1 h. Howard, Henry, 2 h., 2 c. Hall, Thomas, 200 a. L., 1 h., 1 c. Hook, William, 250 a. W., 2 h., 2 c. Hutson, Matthew, 2 h., 1 c. Hall, William, 300 a. L., 2 h., 2 o. Hines, Henry, 160 a. W., 1 h., 1 c. Paine, Daniel, 300 a. L. Lavery, Henry, 20 a. L. Monshour, Balser, 100 a. L., 1 c. Mask, Richard, 100 a. L., 2 h., 1 o. (Abn. Sells.) McFaran, Andrew, 100 a. L., 2 h., 1 c. (Abn. Sells.) Parker, John, 30 a. L., 2 h., 2 c. Rolf, David, 100 a. W. Bakey, Adam, 100 a. L., 1 h., 1 c. Rookhold, Nath., 50 a. L., 1 h., 1 c. Shirley, William, 100 a. L., 1 h. 3 o. Sheets, Jacob, 150 a. W., 2 h. Swigard, John, 30 a. L., 1 h. Shepherd, William, 100 a. L., 2 h, 2 o. Shoupe, Jacob, 75 a. L., 1 h., 2 o. Stephen, Vincent, 100 a. L., 2 c. Toverry, Thomas, 300 a. L., 1 h., 1 c. Wilson, Robert, 100 a. W., 3 h, 4 c. (Bayton and Wharton.) Wilson, Hill, 100 a. L., 2 h., 2 c, 1 still. Whitston, Susanna, 65 a. W., 1 h., 1 c. Whitnel, Robert, 100 a. W., 1 h., 2 c, propr. land. Wagoner, Peter, , 2 h., 2 c. White, Francis, 1 c. Cabbon. Houck, William, 250 a. W., 2 h., 2 o. (Hock.) Hopewell (Non-Resident). John Cannon, 100 a., deed. Cass. Johnston, Hugh, 50 a. L., 1 h., 1 c. Lucket, Thomas, 500 a. L., 2 h. Eiley, Peter, 300 a. W., 2 h., 1 c. Shop, Lawrence, 193 a. Thomson, Peter, 200 a. L., 2 c, 2 c. (Is this Penn?) Clay. Lane, Samuel, 100 a. W., 1 h. Peesent Hopewell. Cannum, William, 50 a. L., 2 h., 1 c. Heeter, Boston, 2 c. Shackler, Frederick, 25 a. L., 2 h., 2 c, 1 still. Skelly, Michael, 100 a. L., 1 h., 3 c. (land Mr. Donaldson). Skelly, Hugh, 50 a. L., 2 h. Dimniond, Daniel, 50 a. L., 1 h., 1 c. Lirtch, James, 300 a. W. (Mr. Donaldson, of Baltimore). Lincoln. Cline, John, 50 a. deed, 1 h., 1 c. (where John Donaldson lives). Huston, Alexander, 30 a. L., 2 h., 2 c. Hale, James, 100 a. L., 2 h., 2 c. Moor, Levy, 200 a. L., 2 h., 2 c. Moor, Zebulon, 150 a. L., 2 h., 3 c. Mrs. Caspord, 100 a. L., 1 h. Mrs. George, 1 c. Plumer, Richard, 450 a. L. (Reub. Haines), 1 h., 1 o. Plummar, Elizabeth 450 a. L. (Reub. Haines), 2 h., 2 c. Smart, William, Jr., 50 a. L., 2 h., 1 o. Smart, William, Sr., 50 a. L., 1 c. Anderson, William, 100 a. L., 2 h., 3 c. Abit, William, 30 a. L., 1 h., 1 c. Arvason, Hugh, 20 *, 1 h. Davis, Joshua, 300 a. L., 3 h., 2 c. Elder, George, 150 a., non-resident. Juniata. Johnston, Joseph, 60 a. L., 2 h., 2 o. Shavor, John, 300 a. W., 3 h., 3 c. Stark, Philip, 60 a. L., 2 h., 1 o. Shaver John, 300 a. W., 3 h., 3 c. Thompson, Samuel, 100 a. W., 4 h., 2 c. Weston, John, 150 a. L., 3 h., 2 o. Huntingdon (now Juniata), 1788. Donnelson, Moses, 200 doed. Tod. Crum, Nicklis, 50 a., held by L., 2 c, and 1 mill. (This mill was on old site at Paradise.) Clark, Cornelius (Neil?), 100 a. L., 3 h., 2 c. Corblu, William, 200 a. L.,1 h., 2 o. Donning, John, Sr., 200 a. L., 3 h., 2 c. Donning, John, Jr., 2 h., 1 o. Ellery, Ludwick, 50 a. W., 1 h., 1 c. Edwards, John, 150 a. L., 2 c, 1 c. Freekes, Robert, 300 a. W., 2 h., 2 c. Gutroy, Hugh, 120 a. L., 2 h., 1 c. Heeter, George, 165 a. deed, 3 h., 2 c. Hiland, Edward, 2 c. (Where did he live?) Hornick, August, 150 a. L., 1 h., 1 c. (Where did he live?) Houck, Jacob, 400 a. W., 2 h., 2 c. (Keech) Keith, Adam, 100 a. L., 2 h., 1 o. (Keech) Keith, Adam, Jr., 100 a. L., 1 h., 1 c. (Keech) Keith, Michael, 160 a. L., 2 h., 2 c. (Keech) Keith, Jacob, 1 h., 1 c. Lane, William, 180 a. W., 2 h., 2 c. Lane, Richard, 100 a. L., 1 h. Laine, Daniel, 300 a. L. McLane, Elias, 200 a. L., 2 h., 3 c. Union. Covenhoven, John, 100 a. held by deed, 2 h., 2 c. Hampson, James, Sr., 45 a. W., 2 h., 2 c. Hampson, James, Jr., 1 h. Hampson, William, 50 a. L., 1 h. Prigmor, Joseph, 120 a., deed, 3 h., 2 c. Tanner, Hugh, 100 a. W. Case, John, 200 L., 2 h., 1 c, 1 still (Mr. Lilly to pay). German Reformed Church. — This society was organized about the year 1829, with ten members and Rev. Christian Barnes as pastor. In that year a log church building was erected in Woodcock Valley, near where the Shy Beaver post-office now is. This building was twenty-four by twenty-eight feet, and was finished according to the primitive fashion of those times. Some of the seats were made of split chestnut staves, and others of peeled poles of the same timber. Only an axe and an auger were required in the manufacture of this furniture. In this temple the congregation worshiped till 1859. In that year it was taken down and the present stone structure erected on its site. This is thirty-five by forty-five feet, and its ordinary seating capacity is three hun dred. Mr. Barnes served the church as pastor till 1844, and was followed in succession by Revs. F. B. Rupley, Dewalt Fouse, Jacob Hessler, J. Witmar, John H. Sykes, Cyrus H. Reiter, and the present pastor, H. F. Long. The present membership is seventy. Of the origi nal members of this church but one, Nicholas Lynn, of Lincoln township, is now living. Methodist Episcopal Church of Hopewell — The first Methodist preaching in the township of Hopewell was about the year 1857. Among the ear liest preachers who came here the names are remem bered of Revs. Clever, Graham, Leckey, McKindless, Long, and White. Others whose names are forgotten occasionally held services here. 292 HISTORY OP HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. The first house of worship was a school-house at Rough and Ready Furnace, then the Weaver school- house. Services were held here without the forma tion of a class or society till 1877, when a church organization was effected, of which the constituent members were Mrs. Elizabeth Myers and her daugh ters Margaret and Hannah, Mrs. Elizabeth Bussick, John Bullar, Mrs. Emeline Snow, and Thomas Keith. Mr. Keith was the first class-leader, and continues in that position. In 1877 a framed church was erected in Woodcock Valley, half a mile north from Shy Beaver post-office. It is a plain edifice, thirty-eight by thirty feet, and its cost was one thousand dollars. The erection of this building was largely due to the efforts of Mr. Thomas Keith, who contributed freely in money and labor for the purpose of securing this place of wor ship. The clergymen in charge of the circuit of which this society is a part have been Revs. • Montgom ery, J. F. Rogerson, and the present incumbent, George W. Baker. The four public schools in Hopewell were in 1881 kept open during five months, and the number of pupils instructed was one hundred and seventy-three. The population of the township in 1850 was 788 ; in 1860, 1005; in 1870, 412 ; and in 1880, 579. CHAPTER XLIII. JACKSON TOWNSHIP. Jackson is one of the border townships of the county, occupying the upper parts of Shaver's Creek and Standing Stone Valleys. On the west and north is Centre County, Mifflin County forming the eastern boundary. On the south is Miller township, and on the west Barree. The greatest portion of the area is mountainous, seven distinct ranges appearing in the northern and eastern parts. Of these, Tussey Moun tain and Standing Stone Mountain are dividing ridges between Huntingdon and Centre and Mifflin Counties. The intermediate and parallel ridges are Shaver's Creek Ridge, Greenlee Mountain, Long Mountain, Bare Meadow Mountain, and Broad Mountain. These confine the tillable lands to the southeastern part of the township, except a few narrow vales between the ranges named. The latter were originally heavily timbered, chiefly by pine-trees, although a large area of timber land yet remains upon some of the higher ridges. Bare Meadow Mountain owes its name to the fact that it is an almost treeless plateau, with a sur face soft and yielding, being somewhat of the nature of swampy lands. In the valleys the soil is usually fertile and in some localities it is underlaid by lime stone. The drainage is afforded by Shaver's Creek and by Standing Stone Creek and its branches, the chief of which, the East Branch, is a stream of con siderable volume, flowing near the base of Standing Stone Mountain. The main branch of this creek has an almost parallel course with the former, the two streams being about a mile and a half apart. It is fed by a number of affluents, the principal ones being Laurel, Little Laurel, Ross, and Detweiler's Runs. Iron ore is found in abundance in many parts of the township, and the deposits are especially rich between the Broad and Standing Stone Mountains, where they are developed to supply Greenwood Furnaces. Pioneer Settlers. — In the history of Barree may be found the names of many of the early citizens of the present township of Jackson, whose descendants in the third generation, may be found among its popu lation to-day. In general these suffered but little at the hands of hostile Indians in the times of the Revo lution, but were not free of the fear of an attack by predatory bands. To provide a place of safety in case of sudden emergency a stockade fort was erected near the house of Gen. William McAlevy, which locality and existence has been perpetuated by the village of McAlevy's Fort. It was built about 1778, in consequence of the many Indian alarms in the lower part of the valley, and may have been designed more as a place of rendezvous for the people who wished to go in a company to the stronger forts at Standing Stone or in the Kishacoquillas Valley than as a place of -defense. The location of the fort was near the house of William McAlevy, which was by a large spring, above the present residence of Eobert McBurney, and every vestige of it was removed many years ago. It appears that this fort was occupied in the summer of 1778 by a number of settlers, who had gathered here in consequence of a rumor that hostile Indians had entered the valley, although their pres ence had not been clearly noted, and some were doubt ful whether the alarm was well founded. Murder of James McClees and Mrs. Huston — Among these was an old lady by the name of Huston, whose age had made her somewhat garrulous. Her home was in the valley several miles above the fort, and among the other crops she had growing on the farm was a patch of flax, whose possession and care gave her a world of concern. Indeed, after she reached the fort she could do nothing but talk about her flax and lament constantly that it would go to waste because she could not give it her attention. Yet, yielding to her fears, she dared not leave the fort alone to attend to it, and tried in vain to persuade the men of the fort to accompany her. To no pur pose did they set forth that the flax was well enough off where it was, and that owing to the wildness of the country adjacent her land to go there would be attended by the greatest risk of ambuscade by the Indians, — a venture too great when no good could be accomplished. She persisted in her purpose to go to her flax-patch until she became an object of good- natured ridicule and the butt of some jokes. One JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 293 morning, about the middle of August, 1778, a group of men were seated before the fort when she again commenced talking about her flax, to the amusement of the men, who began twitting her about the great loss if her flax could not be gathered. At this a young man by the name of James McClees got up and said, " Boys, it's bad enough to be too cowardly to help the old woman gather her flax, but to ridicule her misfortune is a shame." To this the others re torted, " If you think it is cowardly, why don't you go and help her pull it." " That is just my intention," replied the spirited young fellow, and turning to the old woman he said, " Mrs. Huston, get ready, and I'll go with you to pull your flax." The old woman was overjoyed, and in a few mo ments the two departed, the young -man carrying with him his rifle. He was but eighteen years of age, but well developed, strong, and utterly without fear. They left promising to return that evening or the evening following at furthest. The first evening passed and they came not. The second one went by and still no signs of them. Their absence caused alarm, and a search was instituted. When the scout ing party reached Mrs. Huston's house they found everything quiet, with no signs of one having been there. They started up the hill to the flax-patch, where they found Mrs. Huston dead and scalped, with cuts from a hatchet in her forehead. The flax was untouched, showing that she was killed on her way to the patch. About one hundred years farther lay the body of young McClees, stabbed and cut in every part of the body, no bullet-holes being visible, while on every hand were the evidences of a fearful close encounter. The ground was bloody for twenty yards around, and there were remnants of Indian dress lying around, but his rifle was gone. By his side was his knife, broken and bloody. The full nature of the conflict was not known until a few days later, when on a bench of the mountain, a mile distant from the cabin, were found the remains of three Indians covered with bark. It was thought that there were five In- 1 dians, and that McClees killed two outright, dying in 1 a hand-to-hand struggle at the same time that the ! third Indian yielded up his life.1 1 The annals of the township do not contain accounts of other Indian outrages, but the massacre of Mrs. Huston and young McClees had the effect of keeping out many settlers until after the close of the Revolu tion. A participant in that struggle and the first to make a permanent home in the upper part of Stone Valley was the Gen. William McAlevy spoken of in connection with the fort. He was born in County Down, Ireland, in 1728, his parents being of Scottish descent. About the middle of the last century he emigrated to America and settled in the neighborhood of Carlisle, in the Cumberland Valley. He married Margaret Harris, a sister of John Harris, the founder 1 From Jones' Juniata Valley. of Harrisburg, and had by this union sons, named William and George, and daughters, Jane, Margaret, and Elizabeth. Some time prior to 17702 he came to Huntingdon County, and with the aid of an assistant put up a cabin and made a small clearing where the village of McAlevy's Fort now is, upon which he planted some of the common vegetables. Having done this, he felled a large tree on the bank of the creek near his home, from the trunk of which he fashioned a large canoe, which he floated down Stand ing Stone Creek into the Juniata and so on down that stream into the Susquehanna, landing at a point nearest to his old home. After making the necessary arrangements he embarked with his wife and children and what goods he had, and after days of arduous toil he reached his forest home. Most of the way the boat was propelled by means of poles, but where he could do so he hitched a horse to the boat, leading him along the banks of the streams. Not 'long after his settlement his wife died, and marrying a second time he had for his wife Miss Mary Hays. For his third wife he married Mrs. Margaret Allen, and had children named Allen and Mary. Gen. McAlevy served with credit in the Revolution, as is elsewhere noted, and was one of the most promi nent men in the county in the period in which he lived. He was born a leader of the people, and although he never put himself forward unduly, he had a most enthusiastic following. To him, right was a ruling principle, and wrong was abhorred, no matter by whom entertained. He died in 1822, full of honors, at the unusual age of ninety-four years, and was in terred on the high hill on his farm, which he had set aside, for a cemetery. The oldest surviving son of the general, William, married Ruth Allen, a daughter of his third wife, and reared four sons and two daugh ters, viz. : William, George, Samuel, and Miles, Mar garet and Catherine. By a second wife he had a son David. He died in the prime of life in 1817, having served in the Legislature a number of years and filled other offices of trust. William McAlevy, his oldest son and grandson of the general, was born in 1796, and married Asenath Semple, rearing eight children, as follows : Jane A., William, David S., Alexander T., George Miles, James S., Asenath Ann, and Samuel Elliott. Of these, Alexander T. was a young man of brilliant promise, who died in 1851, before having completed his studies at Jefferson College ; George Miles, born in 1826, and married to Elizabeth Mitchell, who died in 1875, is a well-known citizen of Huntingdon borough. Other members of the family removed to the western part of the State and to Iowa. 2 Mrs. Mary Crum, in a statement taken by Jos. Adams, 22d June, 1845, said, " That she remembers hearing her father, Gen. McAlevy, say that when he removed to this county he had no neighbor nigher than ten miles. That he removed hiB family to the county in a canoe some time about 1768." " That she heard her father say Ly tie's (Little's ?) was the first mill built in their part of the county." 294 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Jane, the first daughter of Gen. McAlevy, married James Reed, who died at the age of eighty-two years. One of his sons, John, was for several years a recorder of the county, and afterwards an attorney. He was the father of William D. Reed, of Walker township, and the Rev. James A. Reed, of Springfield, 111. The second son of James Reed, Sr., William, a single man, who died at an advanced age, was well known as a surveyor. Of the many other children of the McAlevys, in the second and third generations, a number yet remain in the interior of the State, but the most of them have removed to other localities. The Jackson family, from which the present town ship took its name, was one of the earliest in the county. George Jackson came from Wilmington, Del., and settled on the Swoope farm, on Raystown Branch, about 1766. In the course of half a dozen years he settled.on the Little Juniata, in the present township of Logan, below Jack's Narrows, op what is now known as the G. P. Wakefield farm. There he lived during the Revolution, forting at Anderson's and being enrolled as a member of a scouting party. He died in 1806, and was buried in the old Shaver's graveyard, below the railroad at Petersburg. He reared children named Joseph, William, Thomas, and daughters, — Jane, who married Col. John Fee ; Mary, John Beatty ; Rachel, Joseph Potter, of Sha ver's Creek; Elizabeth, William Spencer, of Alexan dria ; and Prudence, Samuel Keller, of Blair County. Joseph, the oldest son, was born on Raystown Branch, a short time after the settlement of the family, and was one of the first white children born in the county. He was baptized at Huntingdon by the Rev. William Smith, the proprietor of the town, on the occasion of one of his visits from Philadelphia. In 1791 he was married to Margaret Wilson, a daughter of John Wil son, who settled on Herod's Run in Jackson, and what is now known as the Jackson homestead, in 1776. To this place Joseph Jackson came about 1792, and lived there until his death in 1838. Of his eight children, the four daughters were married to James Wills, of Mifflin County; Robert Massey, of Masseysburg ; Samuel Hawn, of Jackson ; and Thomas Osborne, of Jackson. David, the oldest son, died in the township in 1839; George, the second son and father of sons named J. C, Hugh, and William, is yet a citizen of Jackson township ; the third son, John, is yet a resident of Jackson, near the home stead. He is the father of Drs. William and John Jackson, of Huntingdon. Joseph, the fourth son, removed to Missouri. Of the other sons of George Jackson, William was well known as the keeper of a public-house at Huntingdon which bore his name, dying in that borough in 1831. Thomas, the youngest son, lived in Logan many years, finally removing to Hollidaysburg, where he died. The Jackson homestead was settled by John Wil son in 1776. At that time he had a wife, Jane Nevin, and two children. The daughter Margaret married Joseph Jackson, and the son William was drowned in the Juniata about 1800, while attempting to cross that stream near Cryder's Mills. John Wilson died in 1812, and his wife in 1820. In the Revolution he served in Capt. McAlevy's company, his family being meanwhile at Reedsville, where the settlers of the upper part of Standing Stone Valley found protec tion from Indian attacks. Joseph Oburn was another of the soldiers in the McAlevy company in the Revolution. He came from Delaware about 1770, and settled on the present David Cunningham place. He was a very righteous man, and extremely generous. It is related of him that in 1777 he raised a large crop of wheat, when that grain had failed in many localities and com manded so large a price that it was eagerly sought after, and many buyers were attracted to Mr. Oburn's house. One morning a man, reputed to be rich, rode up to the house, and accosting the owner, said, " Mr. Oburn, have you any wheat?" "Plenty of it: have you the money to pay for it?" "Certainly." "A horse to carry it, and bags to put it in, I see." "Oh, yes ; everything," replied the wheat-buyer. " Well, then," said Mr. Oburn, " you can go to Big Valley for your wheat ; mine is for people who have no money to pay, and no horses to carry it off." It is said that he absolutely gave away his large crop to such as could not afford to buy wheat or go to other localities to procure that article. Joseph Oburn reared two sons, — Joseph and Daniel. The former married a Miss Logan, and died on the homestead. His daughters married into the Harkness, McElroy, and Huston families. There was also a son Joseph, who died below Ennisville. He was the father of William Oburn, of Jackson ; Joseph, of Mooresville ; and Harrison, of Tyrone. The latter two served in the war of the Rebellion and endured captivity. On the Flenner farm Richard Miller settled about 1787, but sold out at an early day, and removed to the West. At where are now Strunk's Mills, John Little settled about 1770. He too went out to do service for the patriot cause in the Revolution. Little built pioneer mills and made other substantial improve ments at an early day. He died about 1814, and his only son also died many years ago. One of the daughters married Samuel Porter, an early settler near Little's, and the progenitors of the Porters of the township. Others of the Little daughters mar ried into the Boggs, Coulter, and Bell families, and most have removed to the West. On the Powell place Thomas and John Ferguson were early citizens, but removed to Centre County, where a township bears their name. The Glen family also moved to that township, and made some good improvements on the head-waters of Spruce Creek. Robert Smith was the warrantee of a large tract of land above the claim made by Gen. McAlevy, which he improved somewhat, and then sold out to Samuel Mitchell, of Mifflin County, who located on it in 1790. He JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 295 built his house above the present Mitchell homestead, and there commenced the distillation of liquor, after wards selling that interest to Gen. McAlevy. The sons of Samuel Mitchell were Thomas, William, Robert, David, James, and Samuel, and the daugh ters married John Stewart, David McClelland, and Robert McClelland. Of the sons, David died on the homestead, at the age of sixty-two years ; Samuel, by trade a blacksmith, moved to Iowa ; and Thomas, the oldest son, married Betsey Hughes, and lived on the homestead until his death in 1826. His oldest son, Samuel, born in 1803, now occupies the home stead. Part of the Mitchell tract was surveyed in 1766, and was called " Unexpected Discovery." In 1800, Hugh Smith moved from Sherman's Val ley to where Ennisville now is, where he died at the age of eighty-two years. One of his sons, William B., died in the township, and was the father of James Smith, The second son, John M., is yet a resident of Ennisville, and his sons are William S., Samuel C, and D. B. Smith, of Jackson township. John Oaks came from Dauphin County in 1798, settling first in West township, but in 1801 came to Jackson, and moved on a place which had previ ously been occupied by James Ramey, a blacksmith. In 1835 he died, at the age of seventy-seven years. Of his seven daughters, six were married to James Armstrong, Robert Johnston (grandfather of John N. Johnston, of Barree), William Myton, Thomas Wilson, William Stewart, and Samuel Shaver. The oldest son, William Oaks, married Ann McCormick, and lived in the neighborhood of Mooresville. He was the father of sons named Alexander, John, and Reuben, and of daughters who became the wives of Robert McBurney, Robert M. Cunningham, and Henry Neff. The youngest son, John, was born on Shaver's Creek in 1798, and after attaining manhood married Jane Stewart, of Barree township. He then settled on the homestead in Jackson, where he yet lives, and which is also the home of his son, William Asbury. Another son, James, lives at Petersburg. One of the daughters married the Rev. William R. Mills. In the Oaks neighborhood John Magill, an Irishman, was one of the early settlers. He reared two daughters, who married Samuel Morrison and William Cummins. The Cummins family, although not among the first settlers, has for many years been one of the most prominent in the township, its members being among the foremost agriculturists and active business men. Their connection with the various interests of Jack son is appropriately noted in the following pages. In 1845, the year following the organization of Jack son as a separate township, the owners of seated lands and other property were as below indicated : AnapRch, Jacob (chopping and saw- Alexander, Hugh. mills). Barr, John, Sr. AdaoiBon, James. Bush, Peter (saw-mill). Angle, WeBley. Ball, Josiah. Alexander, James. Bell, D. S. Black, James. Burns, James. Barr, Samuel, Jr. Bell, George M. (saw-mill). Bruce, William. Barr, Gabriel (tannery). Barr, Kobert (grist- and saw-millB). Barr, Samuel, Sr. Becker, William. Becket, Samuel. Bell, James (factory). Black, Daniel. Black, William D. (aaw-mill). Barrick, David. Barr, John, Jr. Benchfried & Oo. (saw-mill). Barr, Samuel (saw-mill). Brooks, Jacob. Barr, William. Cummins, John. Colombiue, Henry. Cumminsi William. Carmon, James. Cummins, Charles. Chilcot, Benjamin. Cummin3, Robert (saw-mill). Caroles, George. Carol es, John. Cowen, Hannah. Campbell, John. Cole, William. Clarke, iBaac. Clarke, Hezekiah. Campbell, Mary. Call, Peter. Call, John. Chamberlain, Daniel. Coplin, Richard. Cummins, Samuel. Clark, William. Dearmont, John. Dearmont, James, Sr. Dearmont, James, Jr. Dearmont, George. Duff, John, Jr. Dittsworth, Abraham. Dittsworth, Samuel. Davis, Cornelius, Duff, James. Dougherty, Edward. Duncan, Daniel. Dinsmore, William. Eckley, Jacob. Evans, Lewis. Edmundson, Joseph. Edmundson, David. Ewing, Thomas D. Fleming, Robert. Fagan, John. Fitzgerald, John. Fleming, James. Fleming, John. Franks, James H. Fleming, Joseph. Gooden, William. Garver, Benjamin. Gilleland, Matthew. Gilleland, James. Gilleland, John. George, James. Green, John. Gillap, Aaron, Gates, George. Hartman, Christian. Henry, David. Havens, Samuel. Huston, Thomas. Hefflcy, Joseph. Henninger, Michael. Hays, Samuel P. Hall & Rawle (furnace, grist- and saw-mills). Hirst, John (inn-keeper). Huber, Samuel. Henry, William. Hamer, Solomon. Hoffman, William. Hays, William, Jr. Hartman, Benjamin. Horning. John. Hays, James. Henderson, Joseph. Harkness, Joseph, Hunter, Joseph. Johnston, Robert. Jackson, John. Jones, William, Sr. Jones, William, Jr. Jackson, George (saw-mill). Johnston, James (saw-mill). Johnston, Alexander. Keith, Kinzie. Katterman, Michael. Kyler, Jacob. Keller, Jacob. Kennedy, Robert. Kemp, Philip. Leech, John M. Lightner, Matthias. Lightner, Benjamin. Lerish, Benjamin. Lee, Henry. Lang, Nicholas. Lego, Stephen. Lego, Charles. Langwell, James. Leonard, James. Mitchell, Robert. McClelland, William. Magill, Mary. Miller, David. Miller, Stephen. McClelland, John, Miller, George. McKinney, James. McCartney, James. Musser, William. McAlevy, Allen. Mitchell, David. Magill, William. Magill, James. McMonegal, Henry. McMonegal, Samuel. McElroy, John. McAlevy, Samuel. Mitchell, James, Sr. Murray, George. McCord, Thomas. Murray, Thomas. Mitchell, William (grist-mill) Mitchell, Samuel. Mitchell, Samuel (shoemaker). Moore, John. Mitchell, Thomas. Mitchell, James, Jr. Mitchell, John. McKee, William. McCracken, William. Morris, Thomas. Milliken, David (saw-mill). Moyer, Daniel. Myton, John W, McCauley, Andrew. McBurney, Robert. 296 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Mitchell, Thomas. Murray, William. Nunnemaker, Nicholas. Oaks, John. Osborne, Thomas (saw-mill). Osborne, Joseph. Orr, Robert. Oaks, William A. Oaks, James S. Pearce, Isaac, Porter, William (saw-mill). ' Porter, David. Parker, David. Parker, Hugh M. Porter, George. Peightal. Rudy, Nicholas. Rorer, George. Roper, Joseph L. Randolph, John. Rudy, John, Rudy, George. Randolph, William, Sr. Rudy, Samuel. Rudy, Henry. Ross, George. Rorer, Daniel. Rankin, William D. Randolph, William, Jr, Stewart, Robert (woolen-factory). Spangler, Jacob. Steffey, Samuel (inn-keeper). Steffey, George. Selfrage, Henry. Stern, John. Stewart, James. Smith, Thomas. Scott, JameB. Stern, George. Shunkweiler, Henry. Sasserman, Michael. Stewart, Samuel. Stewart, William. Stirly, Henry. Stewart, Samuel. Stewart, John. Sasserman, Josepli. Stewart, James. Smith, John. Smith, Hugh. Smith, William B. Stewart, William (saw-mill). Semple, Robert. Stewart, Samuel M. Sasserman, Peter. Stiver, Samuel. SasBerman, Daniel. Snyder, John. Scott, Alexander (saw-mill). Thompson, Alexander. Tully, William. Treas ter, George. Tate, Edward. Thompson, Roswell. Thompson, John. TJpdyke, Lewis. Updyke, Georgo. Van Buskirk, John. Weston, William. Watson, Thomas. Wagoner, Jacob. Wilson, George. Watt, James. Wilson, Robert. Wood, William. Walls, John. Walmer, Thomas. Walborn, Henry. Walborn, Simon. Whaler, William. Walborn, Henry, Jr. Wolfkill, Leonard S. Yoders, Cyrus. Zook, Christian. Single Freemen. Agnew, J. S. Angle, Benjamin. Barr, Daniel. Bickett, Robert. Beale, John H. Confer, John. Campbell, James. Cummins, James. Campbell, Armstrong. Caroles, William. Coplin, Samuel. Collobino, Anthony. Clepper, John. Duncan, James. Daugherty, Adam. Devore, William. Duff, Joseph. Emmis, Joseph. Erb, Joseph B. Fleming, Henry. Fleming, Robert. Grossman, Jacob. Gross, Herman. Gorley, William. Grossman, John. Hughes, James 0. Hagan, James, Hall, James. Hays, David. Hamlin, John. Hutchinson, John. Hope, John." Jobnatun, John. Johnston, L. Johnston, George. Jones, George. Kinman, Nathan. Lee, John T. Miller, William. Moody, Thomas. Magill, James. McAlevy, James. Moore, James. McCortney, William. McCofferty, William. McClellan, Samuel. McMonegal, John S. Murney, Daniel. McVey, John. McCord, Samuel. Murphy, George. Mitchell, William, Jr. McAlevy, Alexander T. McAlevy, David. Miller, Matthew (doctor). Nunnemaker, Samuel. Osborne, John B. Porter, Samuel. Porter, Robert H. Parker, Constance C. Porter, James. Ramsey, Samuel. Riddle, William. Reedy, Henry C. Reed, William. Rorer, Jackson. Scott, James T. Stewart, John C. Stewart, William A. Semple, Francis. Semple, William, Stewart, Alexander. Scott, Nathaniel W. Swartzell, Henry. Stewart, Samuel. Snider, Lewis. Semple, James. Snider, Abraham. Tate, Nelson. Trainer,' Bar nabaB. Vance, Alexander B. Vance, David S. Vance, Joseph. Wilson, John, Williamson, Robert. Wood, William P. By the official census of 1880 the township was credited with a population of 1665. Civil Organization.— The township was organized for civil purposes in conformity with the following report : " To the Honorable Judges of the Court of Quarter Sessions of the Peace of November Term, 1846 : " In pursuance of the order to inquire into the propriety of dividing the township of Barree, we, the subscribers appointed to view and divide the said township, being all sworn, proceeded to make the necessarj examination of the boundaries and number of inhabitants, and are of the opinion that the great length of said township makes it inconve nient. We, in compliance with our appointment, have divided tho same as follows: Beginning on Stone Mountain, at McConkey'B Gap where the old Indian path crosses the same; thence north twenty-eight and one-fourth degrees wost sixteen hundred and sixty perchea to a post near Steffey's field ; thence north five degrees and sixteen hundred and forty perches to the top of Tussey Mountain near the Warring Run, "Jambs Simpson, " John Colestock, " Andeew Johnston, " Commissioners. "And now, to wit, January Sessions, 1845, 15th day, the report again being read, and the division of said township as reported by the afore said commissioners is hereby confirmed, and the new township laid off is to be called Jacksou ; and the other part thereof, in which the election district is, to remain as and retain the name of Barree." When the line was first run it divided the Jackson homestead, but it was afterwards so modified that the Jackson place fell wholly within the new township, which before the official announcement was called by some Jackson's township, and the present name was subsequently adopted as the proper title. Since the township has been organized the follow ing have been elected to fill the principal offices: ROAD SUPERVISORS. 1847, Robert Johnston, John Campbell; 1848, J. Anspach, Alexander Thompson ; 1849, John Smith, Samuel P. Hayes ; 1850, Robert Cum mins, Thomas Osburn ; 1851, William Oaks, Thomas Osburn; 1852, William D. Black, David Mitchell ; 1853, James S. Oaks, John Camp bell ; 1854, Henry Lee, John Rudy ; 1855, Robert Barr, Samuel Mc Alevy; 1856, Samuel Mitchell, Robert Cummins; 1857, M. Fleishar, S. Cummins; 1858, John Cummins, Samuel Steffey; 1859, George W. Porter, John OakB; 1860, Henry Lee, John Barr; 1861, Samnel Mitchell, Samuel Cummins; 1862, John Duff, John B. Smith; 1863, Robert Huey, Samuel McCord ; 1864, Henry Lee, E. E. McGill ; 1866, Samuel Sauer, John Brooks ; 1866, Samuel Beckett, Robert Fleming; 1867, Joseph Stewart, George Jackson ; 1868, Samuel McAlevy, Jacob AyerB; 1869, John M. Smith, Robert Huey; 1870-71, John Oaki, William Tulley; 1872, John Jackson, M. Fleischer; 1873, Bobert Huey, Robert Fleming; 1874, Robert Huey, John Henry; 1875, Wesley Miller, Samuel McCord ; 1876, Wesley Miller, J. A. Wilson j 1877, John A. Wilson, John B. Smith ; 1878, James H, Lee, John B, Smith ; 1879, James H. Lee, William Hayes ; 1880, John A. Wilson, James Smith ; 1881, James Smith, Washington Randolph, AUDITORS. 1847, JameB Stewart ; 1848, George Jackson ; 1849, J. T. Campbell ; 1850, Samuel Stewart; 1851, John Duff, Samuel Mitchell; 1852, George Rarer; 1853-54, Samuel Stewart; 1855, John Cummins; 1856-57, JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 297 ^ Samuel Porter ; 1858, William B. Smith ; 1859, Samuel Cummins ; 1 1860, Elias Musser ; 1861, John A. Wilson ; .1862, James Barr; 1863, ^ John M. Smith ; 1864, Thomas Mitchell ; 1865, William Oburn ; k 1866, Sterret Cummins ; 1867, Asbury Oaks ; 1868, Matthew Miller ; \ 1869, W. S. Smith ; 1870-71, George Jackson ; 1872, J. M. Mcllvaine, , J. A. Wilson ; 1873, John' Cummins ; 1874, William Huston ; 1875, i 1. F. Shipton ; 1876, W. O'Brien j 1877, H. A. Jackson ; 1878, T. V. ,. Shipton; 1879, Dr. M. Miller; 1880, Jacob Schnee ; 1880, John B. i>' Smith. 1 General Industries and Hamlets. — Aside from the pursuit of agriculture, which gives employment :,to the larger number of the inhabitants of the town ship, considerable attention has been paid to manu facturing, a number of the small water-powers having jbeen utilized to operate saw- and grist-mills. The Little Mills, on Laurel Run, were the first built, prob ably as early as 1780, occupying the site of what are ''now known as the Strunk saw- and grist-mills. The ^present mills were built by Henry Walborn. The ••property has had many owners, but the locality is one "of the oldest and best known in the northern part of ..county. Above this mill Garner Jackson and others ivhad a saw-mill, which has been destroyed by fire ; and '"yet farther above is a power which was improved by ,!Thomas Johnston, the mill being yet operated. Below ,,the Phineas Strunk mill the Porter family improved nthe power about 1818 to operate a saw-mill, which is 'yet carried on by the Anspachs. On the same stream, »on the Barr place, David Barr got in operation a saw- "mill about 1815, which was later the property of ^Thomas Osborne and John A. Wilson, but has been c abandoned. On Herod's Run, so called for a hunter who had a camp on the present Oaks place, the first improvement was made by Joseph Jackson, who put "up a saw-mill about 1806. The next mill on that stream was at what is now Saulsburg, and was built "'by Henry Weidensall about 1816. Later William ; Hirst built another mill on that stream, which is now •the property of Martin Walker. In 1840, George * Jackson built a saw-mill on De Witt's Run, which is f'yet operated a few months each year, and on the same stream Daniel Troutwein built a mill, which has been * demolished. On Standing Stone Creek, near the township line, Maj. John Magill made the water-power operate a saw-mill about 1820, which was operated until it went down, when William Cummins built a grist mill at that place which is yet successfully operated. Among the subsequent proprietors were James Ma gill, Robert Cummins, and Richard Cunningham. At McAlevy's Fort Gen. McAlevy built mills about the beginning of the century, and that water-power has been employed ever since to operate milling ma chinery. After Gen. McAlevy's death, William Flick- inger became the owner of the property, selling to Kobert Barr, who built the present mill on the west , side of the creek, the old mill being at that time con verted into a plaster-mill. The present owner of the i property is Robert McBurney, who is also the owner ; of the greater part of the McAlevy homestead farm. Above the McAlevy site is a mill-seat, where a saw mill was built about 1816 by Thomas Mitchell, and a grist-mill ten years later. These mills were subse quently operated by Samuel and William Mitchell, who sold to William Musser. John Crownover built the present mill, and a later owner was Robert Barr, to whose family the property yet belongs. In the immediate neighborhood of this mill was Mitchell's Furnace, built in 1841, by Thomas and John Mitchell. It was of small capacity, and the stack being improperly constructed, it was never operated with paying results, although in the hands of a number of parties. Scarcely a trace of this fur nace remains. At this point a number of tenements were built and stores kept by the proprietors of the furnace or the mill, and the place was quite a busi ness point. The last to be in trade there were Green & Gregory, who discontinued their business about 1879. The next power above the furnace was im proved to operate a carding-machine for Robert & James Stewart, from which originated a factory for the manufacture of woolen goods some time about 1836. The present factory is a new one, in room of the old one, which was destroyed by fire a few years ago, and is operated by B. A. Gibbony. In other lo calities small saw-mills have been built which were operated until the timber supply rendered them un profitable, and they have, with a few exceptions, been discontinued. The most important manufacturing interest in the township is on the head-waters of the East Branch of Standing Stone Creek, five miles from McAlevy's Fort, and near the Mifflin County line. Greenwood Furnace was begun in the fall of 1832, but owing to the difficulty in procuring the necessary building material, it was not put in blast until June 5, 1834. The stack was built for a quarter-blast fur nace, and the proprietors were Judge Rawle and James Hall. The latter became the resident partner, and in 1833 built the furnace mansion, which he oc cupied about a dozen years. The firm having failed, Sterritt & Potter worked up the stock, and for some time the furnace was idle. In 1849 it was again put in blast by John A. Wright & Co., and was carried on by that firm in connection with their works in Mifflin County. The combined interests were operated in 1856 by the Freedom Iron Company, of which Joseph M. Thomas was the president, and John A. Wright su perintendent. At this time the manager at Green wood was D. A. W. Wright, and until the spring of 1858, when John Withers came in his stead and re mained until Oct. 1, 1872, when he was succeeded by the present manager, W. H. Womer, who had for fif teen years prior served in the same capacity at Free dom, following Joseph Morrow, who was the mana ger when the company was formed. Since 1865, R. H. Lee has been the superintendent of the interests of the Freedom Iron and Steel Company and its sue- 298 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. cessor, the Logan Iron and Steel Company. The latter company was formed iu 1871, with John M. Kennedy, president, who filled that office until Feb ruary, 1881, when Henry F. Townsend became the president. The second stack at Greenwood was put in blast in 1866, steam-power being supplied, and the capacity of the furnace is at present forty-four tons per week, the metal having an excellent reputation among founders and iron-workers. The ore is pro cured on the lands of the company near the furnace, being carried thither by a tramway about three miles in length, and yields forty- four percent, of iron. The lands of the company in Huntingdon and Mifflin Counties number about forty thousand acres, and at Greenwood, besides the furnace, the fine mansion, offices, mills, etc., there are about ninety good tene ments. Employment is given to nearly two hundred men. The store was opened soon after the furnace was put in blast, but the mill was not built until a dozen years later. About the same time Greenwood Furnace post-office was established, and since Oct. 31, 1878, L. C. Heskett has been the postmaster. He has also been the book-keeper for the company at this point since 1863. A tri-weekly mail is supplied from McAlevy's Fort. At Greenwood Furnace are also a good school-house and a' fine Methodist Church, the whole forming an attractive mountain village. Ennisville is a pleasant hamlet on the main branch of Standing Stone Creek, about a mile and a half above the Miller township line. It is on the " Unity survey," a part of which became the property of Joshua Ennis in 1807, who lived where is now the home of William Oburn, where he died about 1830. He had sons named James and Alexander, who founded what is now called Ennisville, the latter being the chief promoter of the enterprise, opening a store in 1816. But the first store in this locality was opened half a dozen years earlier by Alexander Camp bell, on the present Widow Smith farm, Ennis pur chasing the store and moving it to the south side of the creek. The Ennis family was in trade a number of years, and later a dozen different persons merchan dised there, the present store being kept by David B. Smith. The Ennisville post-office was established about 1820, with Alexander Ennis as postmaster. Among ^the subsequent appointees have been Jere miah Be'tts, Joseph Watson, John W. Myton, W. H. Harper, and the present John M. Smith. The mail service is daily irom Petersburg, and the office is in charge of D. B. Smith. At Ennisville the common mechanic trades have been carried on by a number of persons, among them being William Randolph, James Short, John Dinsmore, and William McFadden. The latter opened the first good carriage-shop about 1860, and for a number of years carried on coach-making extensively. The hamlet also contains a fine Metho dist Church, and in 1880 had seventy inhabitants. McAlevy's Fort, which had in 1880 one hundred and forty-five inhabitants, several good stores, public- house, a mill, and in the neighborhood were Presby terian and United Presbyterian Churches. Gen. Wil liam McAlevy, the first settler in this locality, lived in the rear of the present McBurney residence in the neighborhood of the large willow-free standing there The fort was farther down the brook on the flats near the creek, instead of on the hill, overlooking the vil lages, as some imagine. Although there was a mill and shops as early as 1800, a store was not opened until about 1809, when Alexander Campbell began trading in a small building which stood near the site of the old fort, removing a year later to the Smith place, near Ennisville. John Mitchell and Mordecai Massey were the next in trade about 1843, in the house which is now the residence of George E. Little. This building was erected a few years prior, and is the oldest house in the village. Subsequently Love & Oyer, George Cresswell, John Conrad, Joseph Porter, and William Couch were in trade there. Stewart Bell erected the brick store-house now occupied by Robert McBurney in 1844, and the following year opened a good store. A few years later the property passed into the hands of Robert McBurney, and he and his nephew, Robert McBurney, have since mer chandised there, the latter for more than a quarter of a century. Other merchants are William Harper and William B. and Robert Little. The first licensed public-house was kept in 1846, nearly opposite the old store-room, by John Hirst, who carried it on about three years. Henry Selfridge, James Fleming, Robert Stewart, and the present John Crownover have been among the subsequent landlords. The present McAlevy's Fort hotel was built by Edward Little, and in its day wa9 a well- appointed hostelry. For the past four years it has been kept by V. B. Hirst. McAlevy's Fort post-office was established about 1847, with John Hirst as postmaster, and three mails per week, on the route from Alexandria to Reeds- ville. The office has since had as postmasters Samuel W. Myton, George M. McAlevy, and Robert S. Cum mins ; Robert McBurney being the deputy, and keep ing the office in his store. This is the terminus of a stage line from Petersburg, and a daily mail is sup plied. Among those who have carried on the mechanic trades have been William Franks and J. F. Schnee, undertakers ; John Thompson, A. D. Scott, and Lewis Bigdon, blacksmiths, with Wesley Thompson, at an other stand since 1862, at the same trade. The first physician to locate permanently at Mc Alevy's Fort was Dr. Matthew Miller, who settled there in 1845, and has since been a resident of the place, being an active practitioner until a few years ago. He was born in Miller township in 1819, and received his education in the common schools of the county. After reading medicine with Dr. John Henderson, of Huntingdon, he graduated from Jef ferson College in 1845. The next physician to locate JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 299 in the township was Dr. William Bigelow, who was at Mitchell's Mills a few years, while Eliphas Bige low was at the head of the valley in the practice of medicine, although not as a regular physician. In 1868, Dr. William Duff began practicing with Dr. Miller and continued until 1876, when he removed to Harrisburg. Dr. J. H. Bigelow came about the same time, and yet continues. Dr. Samuel Croft has been in practice the past few years, and since the spring of 1881, Dr. G. M. Couch and Dr. H. C. Cum mins. The United Brothers' Lodge, No. 176, 1. 0. 0. F., was instituted April 20, 1846, with the following char ter members : John R. Hunter, Thomas Bell, Charles Oowden, John Thompson, and Daniel Massey. The first named was the Noble Grand, and the meetings were held in West township. After some years of prosperity the lodge was discontinued, and on the 18th day of May, 1870, was reinstituted at McAlevy's Fort, with Abraham Miller, Shadrach Chaney, Elias Musser, J. F. Schnee, William Dickey, A. D. Scott, W. H. Huyser, and A. M. Chaney as charter members. i In 1881 the lodge had a membership of eighty, and i the following officers : L. C. Heskett, Jr., N. G. ; i Wesley Miller, V. G.; L. A. Bigelow, S. ; J. W. Bige- i low, A. S. ; and V. B. Hirst, Treas. The meetings are held in a neat hall, and the lodge is fairly flourish- fing. ; Educational and Religious.— Since the organiza- « tion of the township those elected to serve as directors j have been, — 1 1847, John Duff, John Oaks, William Cummins; 1848, W. D. Black, Kob ert Johnston; 1849, George Barer, Samuel Steffey; 1850, James Oaks, Alexander Stewart; 1851, Samuel Cummins, Robert Stewart; 1852, John Campbell, Samuel Cummins ; 1853, William B. Smith, Lewis Evans; 1854, W. A. Oaks, Hugh Alexander; 1855, Samuel Mitchell, John Jackson, Henry Lee; 1856, John Stein, B. Bigelow; 1857, James McGill, James S. Oaks; 1858, Hugh Gary, Joseph Oburn ; 1869, Samuel Barr, James Miller, Robert Cummins ; 1860, S. B. Grass- man, Alexander Morrison; 1861, James H. Lee, John Jackson; 1862, George M. Decker; 1863, Jacob Hunter, Matthew Miller; 1864, Liberty Johnston, William A. Oaks; 1865, John Cummins, Samuel Steffey; 1866, Joseph Harkness, R. A. Gibbony, John A. Wilson; 1867, Thomas Mitchell, John M. Smith ; 1868, Joseph Bonslow, Hugh Cary, Robert Fleming; 1869, James Stewart, James Barr; 1870-71, Thomas lothers, John Davis; 1872, F. Strunk, George McAlevy, D. H. Fisher, J. Thomas ; 1873, P. D. Moore, William Jackson, William Keys, L. C. Heskitt; 1874, Wesley Miller, William Hall ; 1875, J. F. Schnee, J. A. Wilson ; 1876, Thomas Mitchell, W. A. Oaks, Samuel Rybuld; 1877, Washington Randolph, Sterrett Cummins; 1878, J. F. Schnee, Samuel Rudy; 1879, James Smith, D.S.Cunningham; 1880, Cyrus 8. Cummins, William C. Bell; 1881, James F. Schnee, Wilson Henderson. The township contained in 1880 twelve school dis- '. tricts, in which were enrolled as pupils two hundred . and thirty-three males and two hundred and seven- teen females, giving an average attendance of two hundred and twenty-six pupils for five months in a year. These were instructed at a cost of sixty-five ' cents per month for each pupil. The entire amount praised for school purposes was $2140.16. —In addition to the foregoing, a private school, by ' the name of Stone Valley Academy, is maintained in the township. The board which controls the school was first organized Sept. 9, 1873, and the members were Rev. J. M. Adair, president ; George M. McAlevy, treasurer ; William S. Smith, secretary ; James Ma gill and Samuel Morrison. The academy was opened in the old church building of the United Presbyterian congregation near McAlevy's Fort, under the princi- palship of E. S. McCarthy. In 1875-76 the teacher was N. Wingart, and in 1877, W. S. Smith, when the school was taught in the village. James R. Millan came next, and since 1879, J. B. Work has been at the head of the academy, which was attended by about twenty pupils. In some of the previous years the enrollment reached thirty-two students. In 1881 the trustees were Rev. J. M. Adair, president; Thomas Mitchell, secretary ; Sterritt Cummins, Matthew Mil ler, and James W. Magill. The school is at present taught in the old academy building east from the vil lage, and is in good repute among the people of the valley. The United Presbyterian Church of Standing Stone Valley.1 — This congregation is the lineal de scendant of the Associate Presbyterian congregation which was organized in Huntingdon borough in 1801 by the Presbytery of Philadelphia. The first settled pastor was the Rev. Thomas Smith, born in Dumfries, Scotland, and educated at the Edinburgh University. He came to America in 1808, but was not installed pastor of the Huntingdon congregation until 1811, continuing in that relation until his death in 1825. At that time the congregation, including the members from Shaver's Creek and Standing Stone Valleys, numbered about one hundred persons, em bracing members who belonged to the Brown, Hus ton, Corbit, McConnell, Pollock, Smart, Reed, Flem ing, Anderson, Moore, Robb, Johnston, Wilson, Irwin, Cummins, Bickett, Barr, Porter, Semple, Magill, Mc- Giffin, McElhenny, and Carmon families, many of whom lived in the Standing Stone Valley. Owing to a combination of causes the Huntingdon part of the congregation flourished but little after 1825, while the membership in the valleys increased so that the preaching-places at Manor Hill and Standing Stone Creek became more important than the church itself. The latter especially seemed to inherit the life of the declining congregation, and was soon relatively the principal part of the charge, maintaining that posi tion until the present. In 1836, Dr. J. S. Easton, a native of Scotland, and a graduate of Union College, was settled in Standing Stone Valley, in connection with two small congrega tions in Mifflin County, and maintained pastoral rela tions towards them until 1855. In 1858, Standing Stone Valley was made a separate pastoral charge, and the following year the Rev. J. M. Adair was in stalled pastor, which relation yet continues. In 1858 the union of the Associate Presbyterian 1 From a sketch by the Rev. J. M. Adair. 300 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Church and the Associate Reformed Church was effected, under the name of the United Presbyterian Church, and since that period the congregation in Standing Stone Valley has been designated by the title which introduces this sketch. In 1881 it had a membership of two hundred and twenty, thoroughly organized. There is a congregational library with an endowment of one thousand dollars to keep it up, and Sabbath-schools, prayer-meetings, and missionary so cieties are maintained. East from McAlevy's Fort is a commodious and convenient house of worship of brick, which was erected in 1869 at a cost of ten thousand dollars. In the basement are rooms suitable for session purposes and Sunday-school use. This building took the place of one erected there in 1832, and which was used until the period named, when it became too small to accommodate the growing con gregation. It is yet standing upon the same lot, and is used for school purposes. A part of the same ground is devoted to cemetery purposes. At Manor Hill a meeting-house was built in 1817, which was statedly used until 1850, when it was taken down, and no meetings were held there by the congregation until 1863, when a mission church was again estab lished there. The original church of the congregation at Huntingdon was sold about twenty-five years ago and converted into a residence. The congregation of Standing Stone Valley is the only one in the county belonging to the United Pres byterians, and it has been a most useful factor among the religious bodies of this part of the State. Besides its large aggregate membership the following minis ters have originated in the congregation : the Rev. Dr. Samuel Irwin, the Rev. Dr. J. G. Smart, Rev. J. P. Smart, Rev. Cyrus Cummins, Rev. William Ma gill, Rev. J. A. Magill, Rev. Dr. S. B. Reed, Rev. W. B. Barr, and the Rev. J. C. Hunter. The Shaver's Creek Presbyterian Church estab lished a preaching-place in Jackson at an early day, and in 1844 built a meeting-house on Standing Stone Creek a short distance above the village of McAlevy's Fort. A lot of land was conveyed for that purpose by Samuel Mitchell to George Jackson, John Stewart, and Henry Lee, as trustees for the congregation. On this a frame building was erected, which in a repaired condition is yet in use. The lot was also designed for burial purposes, and becoming too small, an addi tion was purchased in 1855. The trustees of the property in 1881 were James Stewart, James M. Stewart, John B. Smith,. Samuel Smith, William Davis, and Thomas Mitchell. At the same time the elders were Hugh A. Jackson, James Smith, and David McAlevy. The latter office has also been filled by Alexander Thompson, Samuel Mitchell, Robert Huey, William D. Black, George M. McAlevy, and Robert Fleming. In the history of Barree town ship may be read a full account of the Shaver's Creek Church, from which it will be seen that in its relation to that part of the congregation worshiping in Jack son the preaching-place has become more important than the mother-church. The last few years services have been regularly maintained in Jackson, and preaching only occasionally at Manor Hill. There were about sixty members in the congregation, and a Sabbath-school is maintained in Jackson under the superintendence of James Smith, which had a good attendance in 1881. Among the ministers of the old Shaver's Creek Church, in the order named, from 1790 to the present time, have been the Revs. John Johnston, James Johnston, Matthew Stevens, Samuel Wilson, David Sterritt, Richard Curran, Samuel Hill, Moses Floyd John C. Wilhelm, W. W. Campbell, and since Octo ber, 1878, the Rev. William Prideaux. The Ennisville Methodist Episcopal Church- Among those who adhered to the Methodist Church at an early day were members of the Oaks, Miller, Green, Smith, and Chaney families, who had their pastoral service from the Huntingdon, and later from the Manor Hill Circuit. About 1830 a plain frame meeting-house was built near Ennisville, which was used as a place of worship by the Methodists of this part of the county until the present Ennisville Church was erected to afford greater accommodations. It was built in 1865, at a cost of six thousand dol lars, and was dedicated in November of that year, by the Rev. Dr. Pershing, of Pittsburgh. The material is brick, and the size forty by sixty feet. The building committee was composed of Joseph Oburn, Joseph Jackson, Asbury Oaks, James Oaks, John M. Smith, Matthew Miller, and William Randolph. The house has been kept in good condition, and is one of the most inviting country churches in the northern part of the county. The board of trustees in 1881 were John M. Smith, A. W. Oaks, J. H. Oaks, William Randolph, D. S. Cunningham, S. C. Smith, Wesley Thompson, and J. E. Martin. About one hundred members worship at Ennisville, forming three clasess, led by W. S. Smith, William Randolph, and Wash ington Randolph. The present pastoral service is by Ennisville Cir cuit, which was formed in 1872, to embrace Ennis ville, Greenwood Furnace, Steffey's School-house, and State Hill, in Jackson township,— and Wesley Chapel, in Miller township. The preachers in charge have been: 1872-73, Rev. Elisha Shoemaker; 1874 -75, Rev. Isaac Heckman ; 1876, Rev. W. J. Owens;1 1877-78, Rev. W. A. Stephens ; 1879-81, Rev. W. A. Clippinger. At Ennisville is the parsonage of the circuit, built in 1875, and valued at thirteen hundred dollars, and the church itself stands on an acre of ground, a part of which serves as a place for inter ment. The class at State Hill numbers twenty-six members, and has Elias Musser as the leader; the Steffey class has twenty-seven members, and J. C. Henderson as leader. Ennisville Sabbath-school has 1 Died on this charge, in the fall of 1876. JUNIATA TOWNSHIP. 301 W. S. Smith for superintendent, and has two hun dred members. Greenwood Furnace Methodist Episcopal Church is a fine, substantial stone edifice, built in 1865, but was not dedicated until September, 1867. The committee having in charge the building was composed of John Randolph, John Withers, Rev. J. A. De Moyer, Joseph Bonslough, and Robert De Armit. The size of the house is thirty-four by forty-eight feet, and the cost was in the neighborhood of six thousand dollars. In 1881 the trustees were W. H. Worner, L. C. Heskitt, Samuel H. Wilson, James Howard, and Joseph Bonslough. At the Fur nace are forty-four members, constituting two classes, under the leadership of Samuel Wilson and Robert Bonslough. A Sabbath-school of ninety members has W. H. Worner for superintendent. The appoint ment belongs to Ennisville Circuit, and prior to 1872 had the same pastoral service as the Manor Hill Church. From Ennisville Circuit have gone as ministers of the Methodist Church the Revs. John Miller, Shadrach Chaney, and William Hirst. Standing Stone Valley Evangelical Lutheran ! Church. — This house of worship is several miles 'northeast from McAlevy's Fort village, and was i dedicated Nov. 7, 1849, although built several years > earlier. The committee having the work in charge > had among its members Nicholas Troutwein, Henry . Walburn, and J.- Anspach. The house is a plain i frame, forty by forty-five feet, and is on an acre of ground which also served for cemetery purposes. At the organization of the congregation Nicholas Trout wein and J. Anspach were chosen elders, and the 1 membership did not exceed a dozen persons. At : present there are about ninety members, representing .thirty families. The aggregate number belonging : has been more than two hundred. In 1881 the < church council was composed of Elders William ! Mitchell and John Baumgartner, Deacons Solomon i Troutwein, James Als, Moses McMullen, and James McAlley. A Sunday-school was organized in this < locality about 1843, which has been continued since, i almost continuously under the superintendence of J. i Anspach. The average number attending is about i forty. i Since the organization of the church in 1843 the i ministers have been the Rev. Daniel Moser, until his death, being assisted part of the time by Robert H. : Fletcher and 0. S. Kemper, coming from Pine Grove, in Centre County. Becoming a mission, the Rev. E. Studebaker preached as a missionary about two years. In 1868 it was again supplied by Pine Grove Church, the pastor being Rev. D. Sell. The next supply was the Rev. J. M. Rice, followed in 1872 by the Rev. A. A. Kerlin. In 1874 the latter became the pastor and continued until 1881, the church being connected with Lick Ridge and Mill Creek in forming a charge. Since June, 1881, the pastor has been the Rev. S. Croft. CHAPTER XLIV. JUNIATA TOWNSHIP. This is one of the mountain townships of the county, situated south of the main branch of the Juniata, where the Raystown Branch empties into that stream, including a narrow belt of country on the east side of the latter, extending to the summit of Terrace Moun tain, which separates Juniata from Union township ; on the southwest is Perm township, and on the north west is Walker, from which it is separated by the summit of Piney Ridge. Closely hemming the Rays town Branch is another ridge of broken lands of a mountainous nature, called the Allegrippis Ridge. The southern part of the township forms a plateau, containing a considerable areaof tillable lands of light soil, but admitting of profitable cultivation. Along the streams are narrow belts of land whose fertility is equal to any in the county. The drainage is chiefly afforded by the Raystown Branch, which has a very sinuous course through the township, and sometimes becomes in seasons of freshets a wild and turbulent stream, causing much damage. Flowing into it and the main river are a number of small mountain streams whose volume becomes very small as the forests are being cleared away. In the north western part of the township is the mouth of Vine yard Creek, whose flow is almost wholly in Walker township. The minor streams afford limited water-. power, which has been utilized to operate small lum ber-mills, the forest products of Juniata constituting its principal source of revenue. Large quantities of bark are annually shipped from Huntingdon, which is the market of the township, both for sale and sup plies, there being no hamlet or business point within its bounds. Pioneer Settlers. — Although possessing so little land to invite settlements, some of the first improve ments in the county were made in what is now Ju niata. At the mouth of Vineyard Creek lived a Mr. Brady, the father of the Capt. Brady so greatly dis tinguished as a scout and Indian-fighter. His claims were probably based on possession, since these lands were warranted to other parties, and as the property of William Smith, D.D., were unimportant in the pio neer history of the county, being occupied by tenants for short periods only. It is believed that the Brady family removed to the West Branch of the Susque hanna some time during the Revolution, and no well- authenticated account of it can here be given. What is well known as the old Ridenour property, on the Raystown Branch, was occupied as early as 1770, by Caleb and Amos Folk, who disposed of their interests a few years later to John Cunningham. Then it was owned by old Master John Shaver, who served in the war of 1812, and from the hands of his son Roger passed into the possession of the Ridenour family, which came from Maryland. John Ridenour reared 302 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. ten children , he dying in 1852. Of his family, William resides at Altoona, John died in 1863 at Huntingdon, Levi lives in Juniata, David died in the township in 1860, Mary married Rudolph Brenneman, of Por ter ; Lydia is the widow of Thomas Dean ; Rosa, widow of Michael Speck ; Sophia, widow of William Dean ; and Sarah is the wife of William B. White, of Penn township. • William Corbin, also a native of Maryland, settled on the Raystown Branch, on a farm which had been improved before the Revolution by a man named Pridmore. Corbin died on that place some time about 1820. He was the father of sons named William, David, John, and Abraham, and of a daughter who became the wife of Reading Bye. The first-named son settled in Springfield ; David married Nancy En yeart, and occupied the homestead where now resides his son, William E. Other sons, John and Abraham also live in Juniata, Alexander in Nebraska, David in Mifflin, and George H. in Bedford. His daugh ters became the wives of John Horning, Samuel Proudfoot, John Bolinger, Joseph Beck, Andrew E. Grove, and Hiram D. Rhodes. Other members of the Corbin family died in Juniata township. Abraham Corbin, alluded to above, was one of the leading farmer-citizens of Juniata township, is of the third generation of Corbins known to Hun tingdon County history. His grandfather, William Corbin, a descendant of an old Maryland family, moved from near Hagerstown, Md., to Hunting don County before 1800. Soon afterwards he set tled upon the farm in Juniata township now owned by William E. Corbin. Some of his sons and daugh ters lived to be very old, passing in some cases the great age of ninety. David G. Corbin, one of his sons, was born on the old homestead in Juniata, and after spending his life there, died in 1876 aged sev enty-five. He married Nancy, daughter of William Enyeart, of Huntingdon County, and had fourteen children, of whom all lived to marry. Eleven are still living ; William E., John, and Abraham being residents of Juniata. Abraham (born Jan. 30, 1826) was the fourth child, and during all his life has been familiar with the business of farming. The years 1855 and 1856 he passed in Iowa, where he farmed and followed the business of carpentering. Two years in the far West satisfied him, and in 1856 he sold out and returned to Pennsylvania. He had been farming in Juniata on his own account before he went to Iowa, and when he returned he resumed operations upon the same place. About 1865 he bought the farm he now owns and oc cupies (consisting of one hundred and seventy-eight acres of table land), and subsequently added two hundred acres of mountain land. May 26, 1847, he married Ann, daughter of Charles Snyder, of Huntingdon County, by whom he had two children, — Margaret Ann (now Mrs. Henry Haun) and Lewis Charles. His wife died, and Aug. 29, 1850, he married again, his wife being Nancy, ter of Adam Rupert, of Huntingdon County. Of thli marriage (ended also by death) there was no issue May 6, 1852, Mr. Corbin married his present wife Harriet O, daughter of George Mark, a well-known farmer of Juniata township. Of the third marriage the children have been Martha A., George A. David M., James H., Mary Jane, John G., Abraham L. Frank W., Esther Belle, Ellis M., William M., and Nancy H. Only four — David M., James H., Abra ham L., and William M. — are living. Mr. Corbin is a leader in matters that affect public advancement, and in many ways has identified him self with popular progress in Juniata township. For many years he has been a school director, and in ed ucational concerns takes a warm and active interest. In church affairs he is strong and earnest in his la bors. He has been a member of the Baptist Church since 1845, and is now a deacon in the Juniata Bap tist Church, of which he was one of the founders, and whose house of worship he erected and liberally sup ported with a handsome contribution. He is the superintendent of the Sabbath-school, a member of the home temperance organization, and a friend, in short, of all measures looking to the promotion of moral good. On the same stream, in the upper part of the town ship, and partly in Penn, William Enyeart began his improvements about 1770. During the Revolution he sought protection in the fort at Standing Stone, and when no Indians were supposed to be about tilled his farm in company with a neighbor by the name of Reed, who improved an adjoining tract of land, one standing guard while the other worked. They several times escaped barely with their lives, on one occasion Enyeart jumping down the bank of the river and running to the fort near Marklesburg, thus avoiding the savages, who waited to waylay him should he try to return to Huntingdon. William En yeart was several times married, having five children by the first wife and sixteen by the second. Of these, John moved to Indiana, William lived near Markles burg, David in Shirley, Polly married Isaac Vande vender, and Betsey, Joseph Norris. By the second wife there were sons, Silas, James, Joseph, Thomas, Benjamin, Levi, and Abraham, all of whom removed to the West, and daughters, who married Peter Heffner, William Wilson, John Heffner, John Mc Monegal, William Watson, David Corbin, and — ¦ Graffius. The Reed above alluded to was from the north of Ireland, and died about 1800. His sons David and Samuel settled on the ridge, and remained in the township until their death. The latter reared sons named John, William, and Daniel, who removed to the West ; Samuel and Robert, who became minis ters of the gospel. Near the Reeds lived John An derson, the father of James, John, Samuel, and of a daughter who married David F. Tussey, of Porter ABRAHAM CORBIN. JUNIATA TOWNSHIP. 303 township. In the same locality, on the present Lininger farm, lived William Dean, the father of James and Thomas Dean. Another William Dean was an early settler on the ridge. His house was destroyed by fire while occupied by two of his daughters. One was burned to death, and the other sustained severe injuries. Daniel McMonegal was a pioneer in the same part of the township. The farm he improved was afterwards occupied by Adam Morn- ingstar, and Jacob Pecht was the pioneer on the present John Montz place. On the present Henry Mark place lived Thomas Monroe, and before him a man named John Bigam. On the Raystown Branch, on the present Kaufman farm, Joseph Douglass settled in 1813. He moved there from Alexandria, and being a blacksmith by trade, put up a shop on his farm, in which he worked until his death in 1841. He had sons named Thomas, who moved from McConnellstown to Ohio; Joseph, a merchant, who recently died at McConnellstown ; David, a machinist at Altoona; and daughters who married William Snyder, Alfred Ganoe, William Vandeventer, Samuel Wilson, and William Gibson. At that time Martin Neroushe owned a farm in that locality, which was tenanted by David Shriver. Read ing Bye, a cabinet-maker, also lived in the same neighborhood. On the north side of the river, below the old Doug lass place, Michael Brenneman was an early settler. He had a number of sons, among the\a being Ru dolph, living in Porter township ; Henry, who moved to Williamsburg; John, who died in Juniata; Mi chael, living in Porter ; and Abraham, who removed from the county. A settler of an earlier period was George Jackson, who lived on the farm which was afterwards occupied by Lawrence Swoope, who there reared sons named Caleb, David, and Moses. This farm became the property of the Shenefelt family. George Shenefelt, who lived in that locality, had no children, but his brother Frederick reared sons named John B., yet living in the county ; Abraham, who occupied the old mansion until his death in 1880, and where now reside Miles and John Shenefelt; Jacob, yet a citizen of the township ; David, and Isaac, the former living in Henderson. One of the old Enyeart farms became the property of the Yocum family. John Yocum came from Chester County in 1800, and for some years had a smith-shop at Huntingdon. From there he removed to McConnellstown, where he died. Of his family,- Richard, the second son, died in Hollidaysburg ; Ed mund died in Walker; William lives in Scott County, Iowa; Samuel is a citizen of Henderson; Isaac, of Walker ; and James, of Iowa. His daughters mar ried James and Samuel McGee, of Indiana; Jesse Yocum, of Brady ; Arthur Foster and Joseph Gib bony, of Shaver's Creek ; Robert Carmon, formerly of Alexandria; and John Houck, of Fulton. The old est son of John Yocum, also called John, lived on the Enyeart place until his death in 1857. He was the father of John W., J. Williams, Silas E., Ritten- house Porter, Elmer W., and Lewis C. Yocum, most of whom yet remain in the township. Above the Yocums lived William Dowling and his sister Polly, the latter's farm being occupied many years by John Thompson, who reared sons named John and Edward, who are yet citizens of the town ship. What is now known as the mansion-house of the Haun brothers was formerly the residence of the Kisling family, who are interred on the farm. John Haun, the ancestor of the family, was a native of Germany, where he was born in 1768. After coming to America he lived for a time in York County, but before 1795 became a resident of what is now Brady township, living near Mill Creek, where he died in 1805. After that event all the members of the family, except Michael, removed to Woodcock Valley, and about 1829 to Juniata. Of these brothers, Jacob, John, George, David, Daniel, Peter, and Isaac, the former is the only one that entered the marriage relation, and feared a large family, most of the mem bers yet living in Juniata, and the three last named are the only survivors of this somewhat remarkable family of brothers. The Haun's were very industri ous, and amassed considerable wealth, which induced a robbery of the mansion and attempts on the lives of some of the inmates, John dying from the injuries he then received. Michael Haun was born in 1793, and died at Mill Creek in 1864. He was married to Eva Speck, and was the father of George Haun, of Mill Creek ; Daniel, of the township of Brady ; and Michael, a boatman, who died of cholera while on one of his trips down the river. Isaac has also deceased. Martin Speck, a son of Michael ' Speck, an early settler on Jack's Mountain, in Brady, located on Piney Ridge some time about 1800, the country being at that time wild and an almost unbroken forest. He died some time about 1860. Of the family he reared, Abraham is a well-known citizen of Brady, and David of Juniata. Other boys were Michael, Peter, John, Adam, Henry, Alexander, Valentine, and Wil liam. A daughter Mary married Jacob Lininger. John Geissinger, a native of Northampton County, after living a number of years in Juniata County, in 1825 moved to Piney Ridge, where he died in 1839. He was the father of Charles Geissinger, who died in Union township in 1879 ; of John Geissinger, who married Jane Barrick, of Walker, and who is now living, at the age of seventy-six years, in Penn town ship. He is the father of Sheriff William J. Geiss inger. William, the third son, yet occupies the home stead on Piney Ridge. The names of other pioneer settlers may be seen in the lists of inhabitants of old Huntingdon township in 1788 and 1802, of Porter township in 1815, and of Walker township in 1828.' The year following the 304 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. organization of Juniata as a separate township the following persons were its residents and property- owners : Acres. Anderson, John (saw-mill) 253 Anderson, John, Jr 200 Brenneman, Rudolph 325 Corbet, Stewart 150 Corbin, William E 100 Corbin, Abraham 74 Corbin, David 240 Corbin, John 100 Coulter, Simon (tenant) Dean, Thomas 163 Dean, William 146 Dicker, Nicholas 127 Forshey, Anthony 150 Garner, Henry 199 Geissinger, William 194 Gilleland, John (farmer) Hawn, John (of Jacob) 150 Hawn, John and Morningstar 212 Hawn, David (saw-mill) 42 Hawn, Peter aud Isaac 300 Hawn, George (farmer) Hawn, Jacob (saw-mill) 170 Haffner, John (of Jacob) 170 Heffner, Isaac 90 Heffner, Joseph 170 Heffner, Jacob 70 Heffner, Peter 82 Heffner, Charles (farmer) Isenberg, Henry S 166 iBenberg, Henry, Sr Johnston, James 130 Kile, Samuel (tenant) Long, Isaac (tenant) Long, Samuel (tenant) Acres. Lindsey, Henry (tenant) Leffard, Joseph 173 Morningstar, Adam 116 Morningstar, George (tenant) Morningstar, John (tenant) Mark, George 159 Mark, Henry (tenant) Mosser, John 64 Miller, Henry (tenant) Oswald, Juhn (tenant) Oswald, Benjamin (tenant) Parks, James (tenant) Quarry, Johu 165 Quarry, David (tenant) Ridenour, John and Levi 250 Richardson, John ... 183 Ross,William (tenant) Steel, George 90 Sloan, John 206 Shaver, John 119 Showalter, Jacob 150 Shaver, Roger (tenant) Speck, Abraham 200 Speck, David 145 Speck, Martin 137 Speck, William 130 Shenefelt, Abraham 209 Stover, Jacob (tenant) Thompson, John, Jr 150 Thompson, John, Sr 80 White, Simon (tenant) White, William (tenant) Tocum, John.... 143 Tocum, J. N 123 Single Men. Corbin, William A. Dean, John R. Long, Washington. Long, Jackson, Morningstar, William. Oswalt, William. Quarry, Matthias. Ridenour, David. Snyder, Frederick. Weston, George. White, David. Yocum, Silas (143 acres). In 1880 the population of Juniata was four hun dred and thirty-eight. About the only machinery that has been operated in the township is that connected with saw-mills, of which Jacob Hawn had one of the first as early as 1825, and members of that family have operated saw mills ever since. In 1881 there were mills owned by George W. Hawn, John Morningstar, John W. Sny der, and Elmer W. Yocum. A few years previous portable steam saw-mills were operated by Aiken & Chilcott and Steel & Lytle, which manufactured large quantities of lumber. In 1875, Richard Langdon erected a distillery in Juniata, near Huntingdon, which was put in opera tion in October, 1876, by Martin Gruhe, and carried on by him until May, 1881, since when the firm has been M. Gruhe & Son. The house is of brick, thirty by forty-five feet, and two stories high. It is supplied with steam-power, but is not operated to its full ca pacity. # Civil Organization. — The township became a civil body by order of the Court of Quarter Sessions, Nov. 19, 1856, when the name of Juniata was bestowed upon the territory indicated in the following report: " To the honorable the judges within named: " We, the persons appointed by the within order of the court to in quire into the propriety of forming a new township out of a part of Walker township, in Huntingdon County, do hereby most respectfully report: That agreeably to due notice being given both to the commis sioners and the inhabitants of said township, we met at the house of Benjamin Megahan, in McConnellstown, in Baid township, on the 10th day of April, a.d. one thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, when after being duly sworn according to law, we proceeded to hear the complaints of the petitioners, and also the objections offered by those opposed to said division. We then proceeded with much care to examine into the propriety of forming said new township, as prayed for by the peti tioners, when, after examining the boundaries of said township and the territory contained therein, and the advantages aud the disadvantages which would be likely to arise from the proposed division to the inhab itants on each Bide of said division, we arrived at the conclusion that by making the summit of Piney Ridge the lino, as prayed for by the peti tioners, it would interfere very little with the individual rights or in- terests of any one, and would make an equitable division as to quantity of territory, and would, in a measure, obviate the great inconvenience set forth by the petitioners, arising from the distance required to travel and the crossing and recrossing of the said Piney Ridge in the ordinary transaction of the business of the township. And we believe that it would have a tendency to allay that state of feeling that now appears to exist on the part of the citizens on each part of the said Piney Ridge towards the other; and, further, we believe that each side of said ridge is sufficiently able to sustain itself as a corporate body, separate and apart from the other, so far as township purposes are concerned* and in finding said Piney Ridge a complete natural division of said town ship, dividing the territory nearly equal as to schools, etc. In taking into view these facts, in connection with others that could be advanced we firmly believe that the prayers of the said petitioners ought to be granted, and we therefore beg leave to report to your honorable conrt for confirmation the following described boundaries of said new town ship, to wit : Beginning at a rock-oak on the south side of the road lead ing to Huntingdon along the summit of Piney Ridge, two miles and six perches from a stump, a corner on the line dividing Penn from Walker township, and about four miles from the summit of Tussey Mountain, and about the same distance from the summit of Terrace Mountain, on said line between Penn and Walker townships, near to Martin Speck's, on said Piney Ridge, and running from thence along the summit of said ridge with the various bearings represented on the draft hereunto annexed nineteen hundred and eighty percheB to the lower abutments of the lower bridge across the Juniata River at Huntingdon; thence down the meanderings of said river four mil'es to a post on the margin of said river, opposite the summit of Terrace Mountain; thence along the summit of said mountain eight and three-quarters miles to the cor ner between the said Penn and Walker townships; thence along said line north fifty-four degrees west four miles to the place of beginning. Provided, always, that the part lying north of said division line shall he at the expense of keeping in repair the road along the said Piney Kidge, as it is now located ; and said northern division shall keep in repair that portion of the two bridges that cross the Juniata River at Huntingdon that the said Walker township was entitled to keep in repair previous to said division, and shall hereafter be entitled to no assistance from the said southern division in making the aforesaid repairs ; and, further, all the roads that have been petitioned for, confirmed, and in process of being made, but not yet finished, south of said division liue in that part of said Walker township lying between the summit of Piney Ridge and the summit of Terrace Mountain shall be finished in a customary and suitable manner to accommodate the traveling community by the two divisions of said township jointly, as though no division had been made of the same ; and, further, we would recommend the court to give a name to said new township as described above, a draft whereof iB here unto annexed. "William Chbisty, "John Porteb, "John Cresswell, " CowmUsUmm^ . The following have been the principal civil officers of Juniata since its organization : ROAD SUPERVISORS. 1857, Isaac Long, Peter Heffner; 1858, Adam- Morningstar, George W- Clark; 1859, John Heffner, David Corbin; 1860, John Richardson, Rudolph Brenneman; 1861, John Richardson, John Hawn; 1862, Henry Miller, Levi Ridenour ; 1863, David Corbin, William Dean; 1864, Thomas Dean, John Heffner; 1865, John Hawn, Isaac Long; 1866, John Hawn, Rudolph Brenneman; 1867, R. Corbin, Augustus Bush; 1868, Abraham Corbin, Augustus Bush; 1869, William H. Brenneman, Augustus Bush ; 1870-71, W. E. Corbin, James Parks; 1872, W. E. Corbin, James Parks; 1873, Peter Heffner, George LINCOLN TOWNSHIP. 305 Mountain ; 1874, John Montz, L. C. Corbin ; 1875, John Thompson L. C. Corbin; 1876, John Oswalt, Charles Heffner; 1877, Adam Bagshaw, H. A. Mark j 1878, Peter Heffner, Augustus Bush; 1879, John Corbin, Ellis Beanies; 1880, Augustus Bush, Martin Getz; 1881, Enos Ridenour, Augustus Bush. AUDITORS. 1857, J. W. Yocum, John Oswalt, Henry Mark ; 1858, Abraham Corbin ; 1859, William E. Corbin, 'William Geissinger ; 1860, John Hawn ; 1861, William Speck ; 1862-63, William E. Corbin, J. N. Geissinger ; 1864, Henry Hawn; 1865, William Yocum, Henry Mark; 1866, John N. Geissinger ; 1867, J. W. Yocnm ; 1868, Albert Hawn ; 1869, A. H. Kaufman ; 1870-71, William Chilcott ; 1872, A. H. Kaufman ; 1873, Lewis Corbin ; 1874, M. Shenefelt ; 1875, A. H. Kaufman ; 1876, Harrison Speck ; 1877, W. H. McCall, L. C. Yocum ; 1878, George R. Mountain; 1879, John Shenefelt; 1880, John Geissinger; 1881, J. P. Snyder. Educational and Religious. — In the sketch of Walker township appears an account of the early schools. It seems that the free-school system was not kindly received by many of the inhabitants at first, but after its advantages were better understood it was not so strenuously opposed as to become inoperative. The sparsely settled condition of the country had much to do with the slow advancement of the cause of edu cation, necessarily keeping the schools backward, and preventing until recently the erection of a good class of buildings. In the winter of 1881 the school- house in the Corbin neighborhood was swept away by an ice.gorge, and in its place a new brick house has been built which well accommodates the people of that section. In 1881 there were in all five dis tricts, each provided with a house in which five months' school were taught. The males attending numbered sixty-six, the females forty-nine, and the average attendance was sixty-two. The salary paid to teachers was but twenty dollars per month. The officers of the school board were William Geissinger, president ; D. W. Womelsdorf, secretary ; and Enos Ridenour, collector and treasurer. Their co-mem bers of the board were David Speck, Abraham Cor bin, James Parks, and J. W. Yocum. The following have been the directors since the township became a separate organization : 1857, William E. Corbin, William Geissinger, John Thompson, George Morningstar, William Speck, Abner Speck ; 1858, John Ridenour, William Dean ; 1859, John H. Stone, Levi Ridenour ; 1860, William A. Corbin, James Johnston; 1861, Thomas Dean, Abraham Speck; 1862, William Geissinger, Isaac Long ; 1863, William E. Corbin, W. B.White; 1864, Isaac Heffner, John Heffner; 1865, William Geis singer, A. B. Shenefelt, Abraham Corbin ; 1866, William E. Corbin, Abraham Corbin, J. P. Snyder ; 1867, Charles Heffner, John Heffner ; 1868, Daniel Weight, Samuel Bagshaw, Samuel Peightal; 1869, William E. Corbin, Charles Heffner ; 1870-71, A. B. Shenefelt, W. A. Corbin, J. W. Yocum, J. P. Snyder, Adam louse; 1872, John Heffner, George Hawn ; 1873, W. E. Corbin, J. W. Yocum ; 1874, William GeiBsinger, John Lefford ; 1875, J. P. Snyder, James Parks; 1876, W. E. Corbin, Joseph Logan, W. H. McCall; 1877, Charles Heffner, David Speck ; 1878, John Oswalt, J. P. Snyder ; 1879, D. W. Womelsdorf, John Heffner; 1880, William Geissinger, David Speck; 1881, A. Corbin, James Parks, J. W. Yocum. The only house of worship in the township is the Hawn meeting-house, which was erected by the Hawn brothers, John, George, Peter, and Isaac, for the use of such persons as adhered to the Evangelical Lutheran Church. It is a brick building of plain but 20 not unattractive appearance, and affords ample ac commodations for all who congregate there. Among these is a small Lutheran congregation, which has the same pastoral service as the church at Hunting don, and is, for all practical purposes, a part of that organization. The house is also occupied at stated periods by the Juniata Baptist Church as one of its preaching- places, Corbin's school-house being the other. This society was first formed in August, 1869, and at that time bore the name of Raystown Branch Baptist Church. It was constituted of nine members who had previously sustained a membership at Hunting don, and had been favored with preaching as an out- station of that church. The pastor of the Hunting don Church, the Rev. J. W. Plaunett, ministered to the church until 1871, when the Rev. W. G. Coulter for the next two years served them in holy things. The society, unfortunately, did not enjoy great pros perity, and in 1874 it was disbanded. In 1876 the pastor of t£e Huntingdon Church again began hold ing meetings in Juniata, and in the course of a re vival many persons were converted, who joined the church at Huntingdon. In December, 1879, fifty- seven of these received letters of dismissal, and con stituted themselves into the present Juniata Church, which was formally recognized by a council Dec. 9, 1879. The Rev. D. W. Hunter was called to the pas torate, and still serves the church, preaching twice per month. The officers in 1881 were William E. Corbin, Abraham Corbin, Adam Bagshaw, and E. W. Yocum. CHAPTER XLV. LINCOLN TOWNSHIP. LINCOLN, so named in honor of President Abraham Lincoln, was erected Aug. 18, 1866. Its territory was taken from the township of Hopewell, which now bounds it on the south. On the northwest it is bounded by Blair County, on the northeast by Penn, and on the southeast by Tod township. It lies be tween Terrace Mountain on the east and Tussey Mountain on the west, and, as in the case of Hope well, it is traversed in a northeasterly and south westerly direction by nearly parallel ridges and inter vening valleys, making the surface quite uneven, except narrow areas along the principal streams. These ridges are Allagrippa, between which and Ter race Mountain runs Raystown Branch of the Juniata, Pine Ridge, Backbone, Warrior, and Mulberry Ridges. Raystown Branch pursues a tortuous course through the township, along the base of Terrace Mountain, and into this empty Coffee Run, Tatman's Run, and other small streams that rise in and traverse portions of the township. Coffee Run was so named from the circumstance that on one occasion a party of sur- 306 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. veyors who were camped near the stream spilled in it their coffee. Tatman's Run was named from Joseph Tatman, who was an early settler on it. Agriculture is almost the sole industry of the town ship. The valleys and hillsides are covered with cultivated fields, while the mountain-sides and the crests of the lesser ridges are covered with large areas of timber, from which the wild denizens of the forest are not yet wholly exterminated. Coffee Run village took its name from the stream which passes" by it. It came into existence after the construction of the Huntingdon and Broad Top Rail road, which has a station here. It has ten or fifteen houses, two stores, and a post-office. The first store was established by David Foster and- James Gilliam in 1856. Several have carried on mercantile business at this place. The stores now here are conducted by Cunningham, Hess & Co., and Simon Cohn. Drs. Figart and Shultz have their offices in this village. Pioneers and Early Settlers. — John Plummer came to Lincoln prior to the Revolutionary war, and settled on a farm on the Bedford road, near the southern boundary of the township. Early during the Revolution Mr. Plummer was killed by the In dians near Coffee Run, and at the same time one of his daughters, Nancy, was made a prisoner. She died before she reached Canada, whither the Indians were taking her. Eli, his son, then ten years of age, and Sarah, another daughter, were captured and taken to Canada, where the girl remained with the Indians during her, life. The son was kept during three years and then liberated. He rejoined his mother and sisters, who had returned to Maryland, and sub sequently came back to Lincoln. He was the pro genitor of all the Plummers in Huntingdon County, and his descendants by four daughters still remain here. Felix Lynn came to what is now Lincoln township in 1832, and settled near Coffee Run, where his son, David Lynn, now resides. He had ten children, of whom four — George, Nicholas, David, and Eliza (now Mrs. Spangler) — now reside in the township. Daniel Brumbaugh was a resident here more than half a cen tury since. Of his descendants many still reside in the township. James Entrekin, Sr., came here between 1790 and 1800, and settled at the mouth of Coffee Run. He established there a store, the first in this region, and conducted it till 1835, when he sold the business to his nephew, James Entrekin, Jr., who continued the business till 1852. During the first few years of his residence here he kept " bachelor's hall," but after a time he married Margaret Wilson. They had no children.""~He was a surveyor, and in the prosecution of that business he became well acquainted with the different localities in this region, and as time went on he became a very large landholder. He was during thirty years a magistrate, and a man of much influ ence in Huntingdon County. His nephew, James Entrekin, Jr., came in 1829, and at first engaged with his uncle as a clerk. In 1835 he purchased the store and continued the business during nearly twenty years. He was largely engaged in the purchase of land warrants and the location of wild land and by the sale of such land he acquired a large fortune He was distinguished for being the promoter of all measures of public interest. He was twice married' first to Margaret Steel, of Huntingdon, and after her death to Elizabeth S. Shirley, of Martinsburg. Of his children by his first wife only William S. Entre kin is living. He resides on the old homestead at Coffee Run. Two children by his second wife reside here. One is a son, Horatio T., and the other is the wife of John H. Hess, of Coffee Run. Of the other pioneers in the valley of the Raystown Branch the names are remembered of John Keith who located near Tatman's Run. His sons, Thomas and James, and his daughter, Mrs. Peter Brumbaugh , are residents of the township. Abraham Brumbaugh settled near Mr. Keith. His son Andrew resides on the old homestead. John Donaldson located on Raystown Branch, a mile and a half below the mouth of Coffee Run. His son, John H., owns the farm his father settled on, and another son, Isaac, is a resident of the township. Rev. Dewalt Fouse came to this township in 1833, and settled in the north part, near the borough of Marklesburg, where his son Samuel now resides. He was a farmer, and in 1842 he became a clergyman of the Reformed Church. He continued his ministerial functions till his death in 1873. Of his children, Adam, Samuel, and a daughter, Mrs. Anthony Shultz, reside in the township. Henry Shultz came to Lincoln township at a very early date, probably about 1797, and settled on the farm now owned by David Fouse, about a mile and a quarter south from Marklesburg. He resided there till his death, which occurred in 1837. Of his eleven children, two sons, John and David, lived in this township till their death. None of the children of John are here. Of David's children, John, Henry, Anthony, Martin, and David are now residents of Lincoln township. Summers came at about the beginning of the pres ent century, and located on the farm now owned by his grandson, Jacob Summers. His sons, Henry and Jacob, succeeded him on the same farm, where both died. Of the children of Henry, Jacob resides on the old homestead, and David and Henry are residents of Lincoln township. In 1870, Lincoln had a population of five hundred and thirty-two. In 1880 it was six hundred and four. The township officers since its organization have been as follows : CONSTABLES. 1867-68, Harris Richardson; 1869, William Stapleton; 1870-78, Join Eulton ; 1879-81, Jonathan Biddle. JAMES ENTREKIN. James Entrekin was the eldest son of Col. John and Nancy Entrekin, and was born Oct. 18, 1804, in Ross County, Qliio. His father was a farmer, and served in the war of 1812. About the year 1829 he came to Coffee Run, Huntingdon Co., Pa., in com pany with his uncle, James Entrekin, who was en gaged in the mercantile business. He remained there until 1840, when he purchased his uncle's interest in the store, and continued in the business until the spring of 1852, when he sold out to J. T. Shirley & Bio. On the 20th of "February, 1833, he married Miss Margaret Steel, of Huntingdon. They had four children, and but one (son) is living, Wil liam S. He was then engaged in the real estate bus iness ; built three flouring-mills and the " Rough and Ready Furnace," was one of the principal proprietors of the Huntingdon and Broad Top Railroad, and after it was completed he was for many years principal director of the same. Ho was postmaster at Coffee Run for twenty years. Was a Republican, and always tnok an active pan in politics; was school director for a number of years. In 1840 his wife, Margaret, died. In 1854 he married Miss Elizabeth S., daughter of James Shirley, of Martinsburg, Blair Co. He had by his second wife two children, Anna M. and Horatio T. William S. Entrekin remained with his father until he was of age. He was educated at the public schools of Coffee Run and Huntingdon. When he was about eighteen years old he began the stock business. In 1857 he embarked in the mercantile business, and in about a year sold out and commenced fanning in con nection. with the stock business. Ho built a storehouse and hotel in 1866 at Cof fee Run, where he again carried on the mercantile business a few months and sold out. He has since been engaged in the real estate business and farming. Mr. Entrekin has held a number of township offices. Has been school director for the past eight years. Is a member of the Reformed Church. On the 6th of November, 1877, he married Miss Martha Stoler. Two children have been born to them, James T. and Maria Margaret. LOGAN TOWNSHIP. 307 SUPERVISORS. 1867 Anthony Shultz, Frederick Berkstresser; 1868, John H. Donald son, Henry Shultz ; 1869, Henry Shultz, J. Donaldson ; 1870, David Fouse, Samuel Schell; 1872, I.Keith, N.Lynn; 1873, J. W. Books, Henry Shultz; 1874, John Beaver, Casper Fisher; 1875, Harris Richardson, David Lynn; 1876, John A. Shultz, C. Shoutz; 1877, Nicholas Lynn, David Fouse; 1878, Philip Garner, David Fouse; 1879, S. H. Grove, David Fouse ; 1880, S. H. Grove, Samuel Schell ; 1881, Jacob Harker, Henry Shultz. Tanneries. — In very early times there was a tan nery on Coffee Run, about midway between Coffee Run village and the mouth of the stream. The builder of this tannery is forgotten. More than forty years have passed since operations ceased there, and nothing of the establishment remains. Another was on the Bedford road, about a mile north from Marklesburg. Operations there ceased in 1844. In 1882, George Park and Daniel Brumbaugh com menced the erection of a tannery at Coffee Run. This, when completed, will have twenty-five vats. Grist-Mill. — In 1844 a grist-mill was erected on the Shy Beaver Creek at its mouth by James Entre kin, Jr. It is a large framed mill, with four run of stones. It has been owned by Orbison & McMurtrie, Peter Brumbaugh, and the present proprietor, G. W. Baker, from whom it takes its name, Baker*s mill. Zion's Reformed Church..— This society was or ganized Oct. 28, 1843, by Rev. Theobald Fouse, with sixteen constituent members. During five years the congregation worshiped in a log school-house on the old Summers farm. In 1848 the present church edi fice was erected on the Bedford road, about three- fourths of a mile south from Marklesburg. It is a framed structure, thirty-eight by forty-eight feet, with a seating capacity of four hundred. Mr. Fouse continued to be pastor of this congrega tion till his death in 1873. He was followed by Rev. John H. Sykes, and he in 1878 by C. H. Reiter. The present pastor, Rev. H. F. Long, entered on his duties in November, 1881. The present membership is one hundred and fifty-five. Brethren, — In 1876 a house of worship was erected at Coffee Run for the accommodation of the members of James Creek congregation residing there. It is an unpretentious wooden structure, with a seating ca pacity of two hundred. There are in the township four schools, which in 1881 aggregated one hundred and eighty-five scholars, and were kept open during five months. CHAPTER XLVI. LOGAN TOWNSHIP. The township of Logan embraces the lower part of Shaver's Creek Valley, its southwestern boundary being in the main the Little Juniata River, which separates it from Porter township. Northwest is Franklin township, the summit of Tussey Mountain forming the boundary line. The opposite boundary of the valley is Warrior's Ridge, a high and broken tract of land, lying in the southeastern part of Logan and the northwestern part of Oneida townships. Above Logan is the township of West, from which it was but a few years ago set off. The width of the township is about four miles, and its length one-half greater. Not more than two-thirds of the area is tillable ; but the soil is usually fertile, and the town ship contains a number of very fine farms, and its improvements rank with those of other leading town ships in the county. Flowing from the northeast, and bisecting Logan near its centre, is Shaver's Creek, the only stream of any size in the township. It is sluggish and not noted for good water-powers. The name was derived from a very early settler by the name of Shaver who lived near its mouth. There is a tradition that he was murdered one evening while he was putting his horse in the pasture-lot, and from the fact that he was beheaded, but not scalped, it was believed that the crime was perpetrated by a white man. It is said that the most liberal reward failed to secure the least clue by which the author of this cruel deed might become known. Shaver was buried on the right bank of the creek, below the present railroad bridge at Petersburg, where was afterwards established one of the earliest graveyards in the valley. Early Settlers and Old Surveys. — One of the few warrants of 1755 located in Huntingdon County was granted March 8th to Barnaby Barnes for two hundred acres of land " at a place called the Two Springs, and to include the same about two miles from Peter Sha ver's, on the north side of Juniata." In 1768 this tract became the property of William Smith, D.D., founder of the town of Huntingdon. It embraces the Myton farm, and extends along the river from a point less than half a mile below Petersburg to the Oneida township line. It was patented to Dr. Smith in 1787, and called " Smithfield." Mention has already been made of Samuel Ander son in connection with the Bridenbaugh farm. It appears from the records of the land office that John Lytle had obtained an office title, or had made appli cation for one that would conflict with the claim of the heirs of Peter Shaver. Accordingly, on June 25, 1765, " Samuel Anderson, on behalf of John Shaver and Peter Shaver, the minor children of Peter Shaver, late of the county of Cumberland, Indian trader, de ceased, enters a caveat against the acceptance of a survey or patent being granted to John Lytle or any other person for a tract of land at the mouth of Sha ver's Creek, about four miles above the Standing Stone, whereon sa Peter, the father, made an improve ment about the year 1754, the said Samuel Anderson alleging the right or claim of improvement is vested in the said children until they have a hearing in the office.'' On the 9th November, 1784, Samuel Ander- 308 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. son obtained a warrant for this land, in which Jacob Neff, Hugh Mears, and John Reed, deceased, are men tioned as adjoining owners. The application is dated 19th July, 1784, and Thomas Mitchell, Oliver Wallis, and John Walker, the witnesses, made oath that the improvement was made in 1754. The tract upon which a part of the borough of Pe tersburg is located was applied for by Andrew Ander son, April 9, 1768. A survey was made on Dec. 11, 1860, but altered before return to the land office. Next above Samuel Anderson's, or Shaver's, on the Juniata, is a tract warranted June 3, 1762, to Jacob Hiltzheimer. The warrant calls to adjoin "the im provement made by Peter Shaver." The next tract, extending to the mouth of the Little Juniata and up that stream for nearly a mile, as well as the one lying immediately north of these two tracts, was warranted in 1762. The fertile lands along the valley of the creek and along the Warrior's Ridge were taken by office titles or improvements from 1760 to 1768. Old records show that Charles Elliott had made an improvement in 1762; some of theMcKnitts, Thomas Armstrong, and William Wilson in 1763 ; Daniel McFaul in 1766. Adam Torrence, who owned the Crawford farm, had resided in the county in 1755. Samuel Anderson, referred to above, in a deposition taken Jan. 12, 1790, stated that he had been an in habitant of this locality since 1767. In 1772 he resided on his land at the mouth of Shaver's Creek, and at April and July sessions of the court of Bed ford County he served as a grand juror. Michael Maguire, in a statement made in 1845, said that his father came to this locality about seventy-two years ago, which would place the date about 1773. The Spencer family came about the same year. The Wilson family settled some time about 1770 or 1773. William Johnston, Robert Erwin, and William McNitt took out warrants for lands April 25, 1763, and were then or soon afterwards became settlers. "Alexander McNut's (McKnitt?) land" is men tioned in several orders of survey granted in 1766. He was followed by the Andersons, Maguires, Don- nellys, and others, who took up the choicest tracts of land a number of years before the Revolution. Sam uel Anderson was one of the most prominent of these settlers, and in the struggle for independence was a very active man in preparing defense against the savage allies of the British. He lived on the tract of land on the opposite side of Shaver's Creek from Peters burg, which later became known as the Bridenbaugh farm, and was instrumental in building a small fort in that locality which bore his name. It was of the nature of a block-house, and was never assailed, al though doubtless a comfort to the settlers, who could more readily take refuge there than at Standing Stone. It is not improbable that the fort was in tended more as a rendezvous for the settlers when they gathered to go to Standing Stone, when an in-' cursion was feared, than as a means of protracted de fense against assault. Anderson lived here until the close of the war, but of his subsequent history noth ing is known in the township. Bartholomew Maguire settled in the western part of Logan, at. the base of Tussey's Mountain, some time before 1770. He had a daughter named Jane who had a narrow escape from the Indians, as will be further on related, and a son Michael, who lived to become one of the oldest men in the township dying a number of years ago. He was a man of a wonderfully retentive memory, and had a vivid recol lection of the early events of the country. His youngest son, James, is a citizen of Iowa. Jane Ma guire married into the Dowling family, and removed to the Raystown Branch, where some of her children yet live. A neighbor of Bartholomew Maguire was Felix Donnelly, who lived in the neighborhood of Barree Iron- Works. One of his sons was named Francis. These families had a very thrilling adven ture with the Indians, which resulted fatally to the two Donnellys. In consequence of the presence of Indians the Maguires and Donnellys made preparations to go to Standing Stone to fort early in the summer of 1777. Accordingly, on the 19th of June that year, Felix Donnelly and his son Francis, and Barthol omew Maguire and his daughter Jane, with some of their goods and cattle, left their homes for Standing Stone. Nothing disturbed their progress until they had passed down the river to a point near the Big Spring, above Huntingdon. Jane Maguire was in the advance driving the cows, the men following on the horses. Suddenly the Indians fired from an ambus cade, killing young Francis Donnelly. As he was falling his father caught him for the purpose of keep ing him on the horse, and thus prevent his being scalped. Maguire urged Donnelly to flee for his life, but the old man refused to leave his son, when Ma guire came back, and the two men carried the dead boy between them on the horse. The Indians fired another volley, one of the bullets striking Felix Donnelly, and another grazing Maguire, carrying off a lock of his hair. Both the Donnellys now fell to the ground, and Maguire rode forward with all haste, going by the girl and the cows. The Indians, after scalping the Donnellys, rushed after Jane, evidently with the intention of making her a prisoner. One of them, more fleet than the others, overtook her, and, with a yell of delight, grasped her by her dress. Fortunately the string of her short gown tore, leav ing that garment in the hands of tfhe Indian, while the girl, now freed from the grasp of the savage, in her haste to escape, caught hold of the tail of one of the cows, which, taking fright, ran with terrific speed down the road towards the fort, overtaking Mr. Ma guire, who had by this time sufficiently recovered himself to aim his rifle at the pursuing Indian. Upon seeing this the savage took shelter behind a rock, and both the Maguires succeeded in reaching the fort in safety. Meantime some men on the oppo- LOGAN TOWNSHIP. 309 site side of the river, at Cryder's mill, who had heard the firing and the yells of the savages, had set off in a canoe for the purpose of engaging the savages. But before they could do so the Indian had succeeded in reaching the top of the bluff, where he joined his companions and disappeared. The whites fearing an ambush, returned to the mill, where they were soon after joined by a scouting party from the fort ; but failing to discover the trail of the savages, pursuit was abandoned. The bodies of Felix and Francis Donnelly were taken to Huntingdon and interred upon a spot which is now the centre of the town. The following year the fort at Anderson's was built, and in the summer of 1779 was the sqene of a ludicrous fright. A half-witted boy who had been sent for the cows in the woods near by soon returned, white with fear, saying that the Indians were coming down the river in full force. The fort was quickly prepared for their reception, and as they did not appear, a part of the garrison marched up the hill to see where the enemy was. After looking in vain for some time, nothing but three mild-eyed cows were seen coming down the path. The occupants of the fort now having recovered from their consternation, indulged in a mock court-martial, in which the boy was sentenced to be shot. The poor fellow could not understand that he was only the butt of their sport, and was almost frightened to death before he realized the imposition practiced on him. The mouth of Shaver's Creek was the scene of the abduction by the Indians of Mrs. Moses Donaldson and her two children, related in the history of Porter, and in the township occurred the last massacre by the savages in the county. This happened in the latter part of August, 1781, at a time when no hostile Indians were supposed to be about. At the period mentioned Peter Crum was operating the Minor mill, at the place where are now Barree Iron-Works, under a lease. He had gone to the mill early in the morn ing to set it a-going, and was returning home for his breakfast, carrying his rifle over his shoulder and a string of fish in the other hand. When about a mile below the mill, at the old Jackson farm, he heard the crack of a rifle, and looking up the hill saw two In dians. He dropped his fish and opened the pan of his rifle, but having been shot in the hand, the blood had moistened the priming so much that he could not use his gun. Seeing this the Indians rushed upon him and dealt him a blow behind, followed by others until his head was beaten in. When he was found, several hours later, Crum was lying upon his face, his rifle by his side, and an Indian war-club, clotted with blood, lying across his body. The In dians eluded the scouts which immediately set in pur suit of them and escaped, carrying the scalp of Crum as a trophy .to the British garrison at Detroit, prob ably the last one carried from the Juniata Valley.1 1 Vide Jones1 Juniata Valley. Among the pioneers who retained a permanent settlement in the township was James Porter, an Irishman, who bought a tract of land from James McClay about the period of the Revolution, living and dying on the' farm now owned by his grandson, James Porter. He reared sons named William, Jo seph, John, and James, and several of his daughters married Robert Gillis, of Washington County, and David Anderson, who removed to Indiana County. William, the oldest son, moved to Ohio; Joseph to Washington County ; John died in Jackson township ; James married Susan Borst, and lived on the home stead until his death, about 1861, leaving a family of nine children, viz. : William, died in Illinois; Jacob, 4iving in Oneida ; James, on the homestead ; George B., in Petersburg; and Samuel, near the homestead. The daughters were married to William Stewart, of Logan, Jesse Henry, and Daniel Longanecker. Wil liam and Samuel, brothers of James Porter, the elder, were also pioneers in Logan. After the Revolution came George Wilson, also an Irishman, and located on the James Walls place, dying there. His son Robert moved to Centre County ; Da vid to Clearfield County ; James died in the township without issue ; George, the youngest, died in Logan, on the old Armstrong place, in 1873. He was mar ried to Jane Reed, and was the father of George W. Wilson, occupying the homestead. A daughter mar ried W. L; Armstrong. The daughters of George Wilson, Sr., were married to members of the Stew art, Porter, and McClellan families. William Arm strong came to Logan as early as 1769. He was the grandfather of Robert Armstrong, of the township of Logan. On what are now known as the Miller and Oaks farms James Reed was the pioneer. He died in 1834, aged eighty-two years, and his wife, Jenny, in 1826. He was the father of sons named Robert, William, John, James, and Joseph, and several daughters. On a neighboring farm was Thomas Johnston, who had sons named William, John, and Thomas. This fam ily has become extinct in the township. Farther up the valley lived William Nelson, an Irishman, who had been with Braddock in his campaign in 1755. In 1765 he settled on the John C. Wilson place, on Nel son's Run. He was a scout during the Revolution. He died in 1804, and was buried at Manor Hill. His sons were John and William. The former was born in Logan in 1774, and married Margaret, a daughter of Nicholas Graffius, in 1802, moving to Mercer County the same year. His son John is yet a resident of the township. William, the other son, born in 1777, mar ried Elizabeth Thompson, and lived on the homestead until his death in 1853. William Wilson came a little later, but was also one of the settlers who helped to build Anderson's Fort. A number of his descendants yet live in the township, very aged men. In about 1796, John Wall became a citizen of Logan, and remained in the township until 310 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. his death in 1848, aged eighty-one years. He had sons named John, Jacob, Joseph, Andrew, David, Eli, and James. But few of their descendants remain, Jona than, a son of John, being about the only one to per petuate the name in the township. • The Cresswell Family.— 1. Robert Cresswell emigrated from the County Down, Ireland, and set tled in Kishacoquillas Valley, Mifflin Co. He sold his farm there to Rev. James Johnston, who became, about 1784, pastor of the East Kishacoquillas Presby terian congregation, and continued in the service of that church until his death in 1820. Robert Cresswell doubtless moved to what is now Huntingdon County with his sons, as his remains rest in the Ewing grave yard in Barree township. His children were : 2. Samuel. 3. Matthew. 4. John. 5. Robert. 6. Alexander. 7. Edward Potter. 8. A daughter, who married Silas Anderson and moved to Ohio. 9. A daughter, who married Denyne. III. Matthew married a daughter of Patrick Leon ard. One of his sons, Jacob (10), was a prominent citi zen of the county. He served as deputy surveyor from 1837 to 1839, and afterwards for some time taught school in Huntingdon, where, in 1841, the writer hereof was one of his pupils. Subsequently he was appointed agent for the trustees of the Savage estate and moved to Savage Forge, in Tod township, from which, after a residence of some years, he took his family to Cass ville, where he died March 11, 1868, aged about sixty- three years. He married first a Miss Wilson, of Sink ing Valley, by which union he had two daughters. The surviving daughter is the wife of James W, Hughes, a member of the House of Representatives from Bed ford County. His second wife, a daughter of Stephen Davis, with several of her children, now resides in Tyrone. V. Robert married Mary, a daughter of Nicholas Graffius,1 who had settled on Shaver's Creek. He and his brother Matthew bought and made their homes on the tract on Warrior's Ridge now known as the Schuck farm. After a residence here of some years, where most, if not all, his children were born, Robert pushed with his family into the wilderness of Clear field County, and settled on the bank of the Susque hanna above Anderson's Creek, at a spot designated by the watermen as the " Pewees' Nest," where he died Aug. 24, 1807. His children were: 11. John. 12. Nicholas. 13. Robert. 14. Elizabeth. 15. Martha. 1 For the Graffius family, see Porter township. 16. Abraham. 17. Mary. 18. Catharine. Robert's wife survived him many years. She re turned to Barree township and died there about 1832. XL John Cresswell, b. in what is now West township, Dec. 28, 1794, died at Petersburg, June 23 1881. He learned the trade of chair-making, and carried on the business in Alexandria up to about the year 1832. He served many years as a justice of the peace, and in 1822 was elected county commissioner. Afterward he became a contractor on the Wabash Canal, in the Sta^e of Indiana. In January, 1839, he was appointed by Governor Porter prothonotary, and served until a successor was chosen at the following October election. Subsequently he was appointed collector of tolls on the canal at Huntingdon, to which he moved his family and remained there sev eral years. In 1847 he commenced the mercantile business at Manor Hill. In 1853, Petersburg became his residence, where, with his son George M., under the firm-name of John Cresswell & Son, he continued until his death to take an interest in the mercantile and grain trade. In his earlier years he took an active interest in military affairs, and from service in the militia received the appellation " colonel," a designation by which he was universally known. In religion he was a Presbyterian, and for many years was a prominent and useful member of his congre gation. Politically he was always a Democrat, and cast his first presidential vote for James Monroe, in 1816, and the last for Winfield S. Hancock, in 1880. He was a member of Mount Moriah Lodge, No. 178, A. Y. M., at Huntingdon, and although the lodge was disbanded during anti-Masonic times, he never ceased his interest in the work of the craft. He married, first, Margaret, daughter of Jacob My tinger, in Alexandria, Aug. 27, 1816, who died March 29, 1832; and, second, Manila Burr, Oct. 29, 1835, who died childless Oct. 23, 1878. The children by the first marriage were : 19. Robert, b. June 24, 1817, a member of the firm of Breed,. Cresswell & Washburn, of Philadelphia, and for many years a dry-goods merchant there. 20. John, Jr., b. Jan. 16, 1819, for a long time a resident of Hollidaysburg, and a practicing attorney- at-law there. He served two terms in the State Senate, and was Speaker thereof in 1859. He married a Miss Armitage, of Huntingdon, and d. in Holli daysburg, Jan. 27, 1882. 21. Elizabeth, b. Dec. 10, 1820, unmarried, resides with her brother George M., in Petersburg. 22. Mary, b. Oct. 12, 1822, unmarried, resides with her brother Robert, in Philadelphia. 23. George Mytinger, b. Oct. 1, 1824. 24. Silas Anderson, b. Aug. 1, 1826, m. Abigail Wakefield, Jan. 23, 1853. Their surviving children are Ella and Henry M. He is a member of the firm 'io. SI 'S <1 Si N. 5> o> <» ¦^ •vl H 1 L L ST. * 0 FT WIDE III - Vi o O <•> to 5 01 Q t^ *> r3 «0 * ¦* "^¦* Q 0q «1 °3 A / N G >v! * ^ vo tv <*i -) *i "n s ^ \ "l S T. o> (i •4 ¦*> * "> yj v0 ¦¦a \3 '¦O W/\ S H I N G TON BOROUGH OF PETERSBURG, HUNTINGDON CO., PA. LOTS, 1BO FEET DEEP BY 0O FEET FRONT. Engraved Expressly for this Work. LOGAN TOWNSHIP. 313 The court then ordered an election to ascertain whether the voters approved the proposed division with the foregoing bounds, and on the 10th of June, 1878, returns were made that one hundred and eight voters were for the division and ten against. On the 15th of June of the same year, the court con firmed the action bearing on the division, and ordered that the north part retain the name of West, and that the south part be called by the name of Logan. The following have been the principal officers since the organization of the township : 1879, Constable, John S. Nelson; Supervisor of Roads, George P. Wakefield ; Auditors, Henry Graffius, John T. Dopp, K. J. Myton; 1880, Supervisors, Henry A. Neff, i James G. Stewart ; Auditor, George B. Porter ; 1881, Supervisors, Michael Sprankle, George P. Wakefield ; ; Auditor, John T. Dopp. General Industries. — The power of Shaver's Creek being limited to a few mill-seats, and that of the Juniata not being available along its whole course, but few manufacturing interests have been established in Logan. On the former stream a water- power was improved in 1810 by Thomas Johnston, who built saw- and grist-mills. The property has been altered at different times and had a number of owners, among them being William Johnston, John Byers, Judge Thomas F. Stewart, and the present James G. Stewart. It is regarded as a good country mill. The tannery at this point has not lately been carried on. It was established by Judge Stewart. The old Rung tannery at Petersburg, which had a good reputation years gone by, was discontinued a quarter of a century ago. Juniata Forge was built at Petersburg a few years before 1800 by Dr. Peter Shoenberger, occupying the site where are yet the ruins of an old forge. Shaver's Creek alone at first supplied the power, but in course of time the waters of the Juniata were also utilized, affording a power of large capacity. From the first the products of the forge achieved an excellent repu tation among iron-workers, and the revenues derived from its operation in the beginning of this century laid the foundation of the great wealth of the Shoen berger family. After Dr. Shoeriberger's retirement his sons, George and John H., carried on the forge on an extended scale, and about 1846, Edward Shoen berger, a third son, had charge of the forge and es tablished a rolling-mill in connection. The flood of 1847 inflicted great damage, and the latter enterprise was soon after abandoned. About 1861, John R. Hunter and John N. Swoope purchased the Shoen berger interests in Logan for forty thousand dollars, and operated the forge until the depression in the trade following the panic of 1873 made it unprofit able. It has since been allowed to remain idle. The Petersburg Flouring-mill is operated by the same power. It commenced running in the spring of i 1866, with Hunter & Swoope as owners, and was carried ' °n by them until the firm was dissolved by the death of Mr. Hunter, in 1878. Since that time the owner of the property has been George M. Cresswell. The mill is capacitated to grind sixty barrels of flour per day. At the same place is a saw-mill and machinery for grinding fire-clay. The " Juniata Mills" are a mile above Petersburg, near the main line of the Pennsylvania Railroad, and the power is supplied by the Little Juniata. The improvements were first made by John Neff about 1800, and consisted of a saw-mill only. Six years later a grist-mill was built which, in an enlarged condition, is yet in use. The mill is supplied with modern machinery, and has a good capacity and a fine reputation for its products. Besides John Neff, the property had as owners Harncame & Neff, John Cresswell & Son, and, since 1881, George M. Cress well. The Petersburg Foundry was built in 1849 by Mc- Cullough & Orlady, and was carried on for them a number of years by Elias Maise. It is at present the property of John Slack. The products are ordinary farm machinery and general repair work. The motor is steam, furnished by a ten horse-power engine. Petersburg. — The only village in the township is situated on the Juniata, at the mouth of Shaver's Creek, and on the left bank of that stream. It was laid out on the 21st of May, 1795, by Dr. Peter Shoen berger, from whom it took its name. The original plan embraced four streets, each fdrty feet wide, run ning parallel with the creek, and bearing the names of Hill, King, Washington, and Columbia, the second crossing the public square. This was one hundred and six by one hundred and fifty-six feet in extent, and contained a fine spring. The principal cross street was named St. Peter, and was also forty feet wide. There were one hundred and twenty-three lots, each having a frontage of sixty feet, and being one hundred and fifty feet deep. Lots were reserved for school and church purposes, as follows : No. 109 for a German Church, No. 110 for a Presbyterian Church, No. Ill for a German school -house, and No. 112 for an English school-house. Not being located on one of the principal thoroughfares, Petersburg had a slow growth until after the building of the canal, when it began to assume importance as a business point. Several large warehouses were here built, and a grain and lumber trade of large proportions trans acted. It was no unusual thing to see long lines of teams from the country many miles around waiting for a chance to unload, and the wheat shipped by canal aggregated hundreds of thousands of bushels annually. After the building of the railroad the canal business decreased, and in 1875 the canal was wholly abandoned. Petersburg Station is one of the most important of its class on the Pennsylvania Rail road. In 1880 its entire business amounted to $26,101.81, of which $5,505.88 was for passenger traffic. In the month of October, 1880, the ticket sales amounted to $719.38. Since the 1st of April, 1875, 314 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. John T. Dopp has been the agent of the company at this place, and prior to that time John R. Hunter filled that position. The buildings erected at Petersburg within thp last decade are of a substantial character, and the borough contained in 1881 half a dozen stores, two hotels, Methodist, Presbyterian, and Lutheran Churches, a fine school building, and about four hun dred inhabitants. In accordance with the custom of ambitious villages in this State, Petersburg was early invested with corporate privileges. It became a borough by an act of the General Assembly, passed April 7, 1830. The bounds of the borough were made to include the original plan of the village, and George Rung's tan-yard and house outside the bounds of the village proper. The first election was ordered to be held at the house of Joseph Jones, on the second Tuesday of May, 1830, and GeOrge Rung and James Dearmont were appointed to superintend it. A bur gess and seven councilmen were to be elected, and were to constitute a body corporate, to be known by the style of " The Burgess and Council of the Borough of Petersburg.'' Taxation was limited to one-half per cent, of the valuation, unless some object of general utility demanded a larger assessment, which might be made by the consent of a majority of the freeholders of the borough. Provision was also made for a Court of Appeal, to be composed of the burgess, president of the Council, and treasurer, or any two of them, who were to act upon proper notice to that effect. The first records of the borough indicate that a meeting of the Council was held June 4, 1831, and that the officers were as follows: Chief Burgess, George Rung ; Councilmen, James Dearmont, Wil liam Jones, George Gray, Samuel Thompson, Benja min Armitage, Jacob Straithoof, and Thomas Telfer ; Clerk, John McKim; Treasurer, Jacob Longanecker; Collector, Valentine Wingert; Street Commissioner, Henry Rung ; Constables, James Murphy and Joseph Jones. The borough meetings were held in the school- house, and rules for the government of the village were drawn up by James Dearmont, George Rung, and Dr. Thomas Telfer. In 1832 a health committee of four persons was ap pointed, whose business it was "to go around every two weeks together, or any two of them, and examine the cellars and all other places which shall be con sidered injurious to health in this borough, and see that they are kept in proper order, and make a return of such as are not put in order." So far as can be learned the order was well observed, and no returns were made, the sanitary condition of the village being improved from the time of its becoming a borough thus attaining the chief object of the incorporation. On the 7th of April, 1874, the school board of West township, having as members John H. Neff, R. M. Hewitt, Jackson Wilson, H. Orlady, and John D. Johnston, and the Borough Council, composed of George M. Cresswell, Theodore Reiner, H. Orlady R. M. Hewitt, K. J. Myton, and George G. Hatner' entered into an agreement to build a brick house for school and Council purposes. The former board ap propriated two thousand five hundred dollars the latter eighteen hundred dollars. The house contains four spacious rooms in its two stories, one of which is devoted to the use of the borough, the other three being used for school purposes. It was built by Abraham Renner in the summer and fall of 1874 and has been inclosed with a substantial iron fence. The borough owns no fire apparatus, and has not suffered from any conflagrations. In 1880 the tax levy was five mills on the dollar, and the amount expended for borough purposes was one hundred and eighty- eight dollars and thirty-nine cents. The streets gen erally are in good repair, and the sidewalks passable. In 1881 the officers of the borough of Petersburg were Abraham Piper, burgess ; David Barrick, James Nale, John M. Balick, Thomas Brininger, Baltser Rumberger, John A. Whittaker, and Jesse March, councilmen ; John P. Murphy, clerk ; Henry Shively, collector and treasurer ; Samuel Haven, constable and street commissioner; Calvin Bell, John P. Murphy, and H. C. McCarthy, assessors ; J. P. Murphy, John Whittaker, and John H. Hoffman, auditors. Since 1830 the following have been the burgesses and town clerks : Burgess. Town Clerk. 1831 George Rung. John McKim. 18:12 Samuel Thompson. " " 1833 William C. McCormick. " " 1834 " " George Gray. 1835 Samuel Thompson. " " 1836-38 Thomas Stewart. Abraham Cresswell. 1839 William Walker. Jacob Renner. 1840-41 Samuel Thompson. " " 1842-13 Abraham Cresswell. " " 1844-45 Abraham Renner. Samuel S. Thompson. 1846 James Davis. " " 1847... Valentine Wingert " " 1848 John Nelson. " " 1849 Jacob Dopp. F. B. Hutchinson. 1850 Joseph M. Stevens. Willium Vandevender, 1S51 John R. Hunter. " " 1862-53 William Vandevender. George W. Whittaker, 1864-55 John Cresswell. A. Cresswell. 1856 " " S. S. Thompson. 1857 " " Joseph Johnston. 1868 John R. Hunter. Joseph M.Stevens, 1859-60 Joseph M. Stevens. A. Oreaswell. 1861 John R. Hunter. " " 1862 John Cresswell. Joseph Johnston. 1863-64 John R. Hunter. Joseph M. Stevens. 1865 John Cresswell. John P. Murphy. 1866 Joseph M. Stevens. John H. Hoffman. 1867-68 JoBeph Johnston. " 1869 George M. Cresswell. 1870 Abraham Renner. 1871 Johu Cresswell. " 1872 William Benton. 1873-74 John T. Dopp. 1875 George M. Cresswell. John T. Dopp. 1876 Gustave Altman. " 1877 H. C. McCarthy. 1878 John Graffius. " 1879 Abraham Piper. " „ . 1880 D. M. Giles. John P. Murphy. 1881 Abraham Piper. " The justices of the peace for this borough since 1860 have been Joseph Johnston, John P. Murphy, Jacob Bruner, and William Withington, the latter being elected in 1880. Petersburg Business Interests.-The first store in the village was kept by Peter Shoenberger, in the LOGAN TOWNSHIP. 315 log house which is still standing on the public square, and this house was subsequently occupied by Joseph Adams, William McCormick, and others for mer cantile purposes. The next business, stand was in what is now the Petersburg House, and was kept by David McMurtrie as early as 1805. William Walker was the next in trade there, and was the last to occupy it for that purpose. James De Armit and William Steel established another business stand farther up the village, and William Patton and Joseph M. Ste vens were at the lower end of the village, John R. Hunter occupying the stand at a later day. In 1833, Abraham and Nicholas Cresswell began trading at Petersburg, having a stand near the present Method ist Church. In 1844 they moved to the building which is yet known as the Cresswell stand, and where business has been carried on continuously since. In 1838 their larger grain warehouse was built, and ten years later Nicholas Cresswell retired from the firm. In 1853, Abraham was succeeded by Col. John Cress well and his son, George M., who were extensively engaged in business until 1874, when Silas Cresswell and George B. Porter followed them as merchants, and are yet in trade, George M. Cresswell being from that time on engaged in the milling business. The Cresswells have enjoyed a wide and honorable repu tation as business men, and have been identified with the best interests of Petersburg for nearly half a cen tury. Below the Cresswell warehouse Stevens & Patton erected a similar building, which has been occupied for the last dozen years by John Ross, an extensive dealer in farm produce and general commis sion merchandise, dealing also in lumber and coal. The upper warehouse was built by the Wingart fam ily, and after being occupied by Samuel D. Myton, J. C. Walker, and others, is now used by William W. Stryker for the "Petersburg Co-operative Store," which has been successfully maintained the past few years. In addition, Rumberger & Brother are gen eral merchants in the Myton block, and George W. Confer at the old Patton stand. John A. Hewitt is the proprietor of a hardware-store established, as the first in that trade, by John A. Oaks, and Jesse Marsh has a drug-store which has had a number of owners. In the old log building was also kept the first pub lic-house, Peter Shoenberger being the proprietor. The present Petersburg House was opened about eighty years ago by David McMurtrie, in connection with a store he had there. Later another inn was opened on the site of the Col. Cresswell mansion, the building from its form being known as the "Bar racks." There Samuel Lemon was an early keeper, followed by Henry De Armit. The latter subse quently had a public-house in the Orlady residence, from 1826 to 1835, and in 1846 Jacob Dopp opened the first temperance house in what is now the Jesse Marsh residence. About 1830, John Scullin was the keeper of the Petersburg House, and later landlords were Joseph Forest, Thomas Newell, John Moore, John McMonegal, John Houk, and (since 1867) Abra ham Graffius. It is one of the oldest and most popu lar public-houses in the county. The present Mer chants' House was opened to the public by Henry Hefright, and is now kept by William Durst. Valentine Wingart was the first postmaster at Petersburg, which was long known by the name of Shaver's Creek. The office was kept in the small plastered building opposite the Myton block. Other postmasters were W. C. McCormick, Abraham Cresswell, Joseph M, Stevens, John Cresswell, Henry Shively, J. C. Walker, and since June, 1880, William W. Stryker. Petersburg office has four mails from the East and one from the West daily, and is the dis tributing office for Alexandria and the offices in the Shaver's Creek Valley. The pioneer blacksmith was Jacob Eberly, who also made mill-irons and other work, which was carried to the West by the settlers. Jacob Dopp was the smith for thirty-five years, often having in his employment a number of men and doing the forge smithing. Others of that trade were John Miller, John Morrison, Robert McGill, and as wheelwrights Nicholas Hewitt, Peter Vandevender, and Henry Woods. Those trades were carried on in 1881 by Samuel Wharton and William McFadden. Among other mechanics were William Jones, glove-maker ; Valentine and Edmund Wingart, hatters ; Matthew McCord, James Miller, John Brumbaugh, Herman Reel, and others, saddlers; and James Murphy, shoe maker from 1816 till 1876 ; Abraham Renner, cabinet maker. The first physician at Petersburg was Dr. Peter Sevine, who came about 1798 and was in practice until about 1816. The next practitioner was Dr. John Metz, who lived for a time in the village, then on the old Jackson farm in the township. He died in 1874, at the age of eighty-eight years. Dr. Magill, an Irish man, came about the time of the building of the canal and remained a few years. There being a great deal of sickness about that time Dr. Thomas Telfer also located in the borough, but died shortly after. Then came, about 1832, Dr. Hamilton, whose residence was not continued beyond a few years. Dr. John McCul- lough came about this time, and was here in practice until he was elected to Congress in 1858. After serving his term he took up his residence at Huntingdon, where he died. In the latter years of his practice at Petersburg he had as an associate Dr. Henry Orlady, who came to the borough in June, 1848, and has been in practice there ever since. He was born in the Kishacoquillas Valley in 1816, and graduated from the University of New York in 1844. His associate in the profession at Petersburg is Dr. H. C. McCarthy, also a native of the above valley, who graduated from Jefferson Medical College in June, 1874, and has been in practice at Petersburg since that period. Dr. Sidney Davis was born at Miltou in 1852, and after 316 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. attending Cornell University read medicine with his father, Dr. U. Q. Davis. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1877, and from Phila delphia Hospital in 1879, and since July of that year has been a practitioner at Petersburg. Oak Hall Lodge, No. 783, 1. 0. 0. F„ was insti tuted at Petersburg, Jan. 3, 1872, with charter members as follows: W. A. Keister, S. A. Cresswell, Robert Graffius, Theodore Renner, Henry Graffius, John A. Wilson, George McMahan, F. E. Weaver, C. F. Kirk patrick, J. A. Hamer, Joseph Gilliland, Hugh John ston, John M. Johnston, A. M. Oaks, D. B. Miller, James Little, and James Gilliland. The average number of members has been thirty, who meet statedly in a hall built in 1871. The officers in 1881 were S. A. Cresswell, N. G. ; James McCafferty, V. G. ; James G. Stewart, Sec. ; W. W. Stryker, Asst. Sec. ; John Graffius, Treas. Since the organization of the lodge the following have been the Noble Grands : W. A. Keister, John A. Wilson, John M. Oaks, Theodore Renner, James G. Stewart, John S. Wright, W. W. Stryker, J. P. Henry, C. W. McClure, John Graffius, C. F. Kirkpatrick, James McCafferty, Samuel Stair, J. C. Stevens, and S. A. Cresswell. Juniata Grange, No. 352, P. of H.— This body was organized at Petersburg, Sept. 7, 1874, with thirty- two members, and the following officers: William W. Stryker, M. ; Henry Graffius, O. ; George P. Wake field, T. ; and G. W. Wilson, Sec. The Master, over seer, and treasurer have been continued to the pres ent. The secretary was succeeded in 1879 by J. C. Hamilton, who has since served in that capacity. The grange had in 1881 forty-four members, and was in a flourishing condition. Since 1876 Granges Nos. 352 and 353 (the latter being in West township) have successfully maintained a co-operative store at Peters burg, which is at present under the management of William W. Stryker. The nominal value of the store stock has been fixed at five dollars. Members are paid an annual interest on the amounts invested, and receive a pro rata dividend on their purchases if any moneys remain to be divided. Educational and Religious.— The members of the township school board since Logan became a separate body have been the following : 1879, H. C. McCarthy, William Denny, B. K. Neff, James A. Wilson, David Sheasley, Samuol K. Thompson; 1880, John S. Wright, David Sheasley; 1881, William Miller, James Herring, James A. Wilson. In 1880 there were eight schools in the township, each maintained five months. The sessions were attended by 162 male and 108 female pupils, the average attendance being 173. The cost of instruc tion was 93 cents per month for each pupil. Nearly $2000 was raised for building purposes. Petersburg Methodist Episcopal Church.— The early adherents of the Methodist Church at Peters burg numbered among others John Walker, Valen tine Wingart, and Samuel Gill. In 1839 the mem bership of the class did not exceed fifteen, and Henry Shively. was the class-leader. At that time the meet ings were held in the upper story of a frame house owned by Calvin Wingart, which yet stands opposite the present post-office. The material for this house was given to the society by Mrs. Peter Shoenberger and for putting it up Mr. Wingart had the use of the lower story. In 1846 the present church building was erected, which was the first in the borough. It is a plain brick, forty-two by fifty feet, and has been made more comfortable by recent repairs. In 1881 the board of trustees consisted of Henry Shively, William Miller, Samuel Havens, David Barrick, J. T. Dopp S. S. Thompson, Jacob Bruner, D. S. Longwell and Jacob Herncame. The ministerial supply was from the Huntingdon and Manor Hill Circuits until Peters burg Circuit was formed, in 1864, to embrace this church and Barree Ridges. The preachers in charge since that time have been the following : 1864-65, Rev. A. W. Gibson ; 1866-67, Rev. James Brads ; 1868-69, B«. John Moorehead; 1870-72, Rev. M. L. Smith; 1873-74, Rev. J. A, Ross; 1875-76, Rev. W. A. Chippinger; 1877-79, Rev. J. Patton Moore ; 1880-S1, Rev. J. A. McKindless. From the church at Petersburg have gone as min isters John Wesley Olewine, W. W. Hicks (mission ary to China), and John W. Hoover. John Walker was for many years a local preacher. The members at Petersburg in 1881 numbered about eighty, and formed classes, which were under the leadership of Henry Shively, Mitchell Anderson, and Edward Bryan. The Sabbath-school was organized in 1841, when the Rev. Jonathan Monroe was the preacher in charge. Henry Shively was the first superintendent, and John T. Dopp is the present. The school has a membership of sixty. Joseph M. Stevens was for many years the superintendent of the same school. Petersburg Presbyterian Church.— For the con venience of Presbyterian members residing in Logan, a house of worship was erected in 1854 in the borough of Petersburg, in which meetings were statedly held by the Bethel congregation until the Petersburg con gregation was formed in 1876. The members com posing this body formerly belonged to the Alexandria and Bethel (now Cottage) congregations, and were from the Graffius, Cresswell, Nelson, Rudy, Stewart, Porter, Sheasley, Weyer, McClure, Steel, Bailey, Rung, Wharton, Wilson, and other families, number ing in all fifty-three persons. Michael Weyer, David Sheasley, Samuel R. Wharton, and William W. Mc- Fadden were elected ruling elders, and all but the first named yet serve the congregation in that ca pacity. The membership in 1881 was seventy-eight, who were under the pastoral direction of the Bev. Foster N. Brown, who assumed that relation in 1880. Prior to that time the congregation was supplied by the Revs. John C. Wilhelm and Samuel T. Wilson, D.D., the former being instrumental in organizing the congregation. MILLER TOWNSHIP. 317 The church was erected by a committee composed of Abraham and John Cresswell and Adam Lightner. It is a plain brick, fifty by fifty-six feet, and cost two thousand five hundred dollars. The trustees in 1881 were Samuel Steel, John A. Hewitt, and Wil liam Denny. Zion's Evangelical Lutheran Church. — A few members of the Water Street Lutheran Church, living in Logan, desiring a more convenient house of wor ship, united in 1868 to build a meeting-house at Petersburg. Among the most active in this enter prise were John Rung, Jacob Fisher, Abraham Piper, and George P. Wakefield. The church was dedicated, June 10, 1869, by the pastor of the Water Street- charge, the Rev. A. H. Aughe, and after the conse cration a congregation was formed of about fifteen members. In 1881 there were fifty-five persons be longing, with Jacob Fisher and George P. Wakefield as elders, and Samuel Stair and Samuel L. Stryker as deacons. The church has always been a part of the Water Street charge, and has had the following min isters : the Rev. Aughe, till 1870 ; the Rev. J. J. Kerr, until April, 1872, when he was succeeded by the Rev. J. B. Crist ; next, in 1873, came the Rev. S. S. Mc- Henry, followed in 1876 by the Rev. G. S. Battersby. Since April, 1881, the Rev. A. A. Kerlin has been the pastor. A Sabbath-school was established in 1871, which is in a flourishing condition under the superin tendence of William Benton. The church building is a frame, having accommoda tions for five hundred persons, and was erected at a cost of about two thousand dollars. In the southern part of the township was formerly a congregation of Meunonites, having among others the Neffs as members. Worship was first held at the houses of some of the members, but about 1835 a log meeting-house was built in Porter township, about half a mile from Neff's Mills. This subsequently was displaced by the brick building which yet stands in that locality. It was abandoned as a place of wor ship about 1868, nearly all the old members having deceased. The last preacher was the Rev. J. Snyder, who was a bishop of the Mennonite Church, and who died in Logan, Nov. 13, 1865, at the age of seventy- two years. He was interred in the Neff Cemetery, half a mile west from Petersburg. Cedar Grove Cemetery was incorporated by an act of the General Assembly, approved April 21, 1852. The incorporators were John McCullough, Thomas F. Stew art, William Reed, John Rung. Abraham Cresswell, Herman Reel, Samuel S. Thompson, and Joseph M. Stevens. These were also the first trustees, Joseph M. Stevens being the president and Abraham Cress well the secretary and treasurer. The grounds orig inally comprised about two acres, but were enlarged Aug. 30, 1862, and at other periods, to the present dimensions. By legislative enactment they are limited to six acres. In the cemetery are a number of fine headstones and some stately monuments. In 1881 the trustees were George M. Cresswell, president ; John P. Murphy, secretary ; John Graffius, treasurer; S. S. Thompson, and James Wilson. Near the mouth of Shaver's Creek is a burial-ground of half an acre, which contains the graves of some of the earliest settlers. The Reed burial-ground, a mile above Petersburg, although but little used, is in a fair state of preservation. Here also are the graves of some of the worthy pioneers of Lower Shaver's Creek Valley, their tombstones being the only evi dences that people of their name were once living factors in this section of. country. CHAPTER XLVII. MILLER TOWNSHIP. The township of Miller was the last organized in the county, its history as a separate body dating only from the spring of 1881. It embraces all that part of the township of Barree lying south and east of the summit of Warrior's Ridge, and extending thence to the summit of Standing Stone Mountain, which is the boundary between Miller and Brady townships aud Mifflin County. It thus includes the valley of Standing Stone Creek, and within its bounds is the confluence of the east branch of that stream with the main creek. The course of Standing Stone Creek through the township is quite tortuous, and in many parts the stream has low banks, the contiguous lands being subject to overflow, and thus become somewhat swampy. In the northeastern part and along the Jackson line the banks are high and abrupt, yielding no mill-seats. Farther interior are several powers, which operate country mills. The Pioneer History is rather meagre. One of the first settlers was Matthew Miller, the progenitor of the family from which the township took its name. Both he and his wife (Mary Dunn) were natives of County Donegal, Ireland, and emigrated to America after the Revolution, settling first in what is now Juniata County, where they lived a few years, when they came to what is now Miller township. They oc cupied a large tract of land on Warrior's Ridge, most of which has remained in the possession of the family ever since. Matthew Miller became very aged, dying in 1827, it is believed, at the age of one hundred and five years. Mrs. Miller was ninety-five years old at the time of her death. Of their family of six children the only daughter, Margaret, born in Ireland, mar ried Robert Stewart, and lived on an adjoining farm in Miller. The sons, James, David, Thomas, Samuel, and John, all became old men. The firstnamed married Betsey Wheeler, andin 1821 moved to the State of Ohio, settling in Greene County. David married Mary Barr, and settled on part of the homestead, but before his death moved to Moores- 318 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. ville, in West township. He had three sons, Stephen, William, and David, and daughters who married Robert Johnston, James Oaks, and Abraham B. Miller, of Porter. The third son, Thomas, married Sarah Coen for his first wife, and had one son, John ; his second wife was Sarah Foster, and their children were sons named Samuel, James, Silas, and Thomas. Their daughters became the wives of Samuel Silknitter, James Stewart, Dorsey Silknitter, and David Cun ningham, of Jackson. Samuel, the fourth son, mar ried Charlotte Graffius, of West township, and re mained on the homestead until his death in May, 1855, from injuries received by the kick of a horse. He reared a family of nine sons, whose average height was six feet, all being well-formed men, viz. : Judge Graffius Miller, of Huntingdon ; Dr. Matthew, of Mc Alevy's Fort; James, living on the homestead; Jacob, on an adjoining farm ; Abraham B., living in Porter; John S., of Huntingdon ; Dr. Benjamin F., who died in Virginia in 1855 ; Samuel, who died on the home stead in 1861 ; and Dr. David P. Miller, a practicing physician of Huntingdon borough. John Miller, the fifth son of Matthew Miller, became a Methodist minister at the age of eighteen years, and after credit ably serving a number of appointments died in Balti more in 1877. He was the father of two daughters, who married William Furlong and William Crawford. At the time Robert Stewart came from Ireland he was a single man, and after marrying Margaret Miller he also settled on the ridge. A daughter, Margaret, became the wife of James Burns, of West Virginia; and the sons were John, James, David, William, and Miller. The latter became a physician, and is a resi dent of Pine Glen ; William lives in Centre County ; James resides on part of the homestead ; and John lived on an adjoining farm until his death in January, 1877, the farm now being occupied by his son Frank. The Cunningham family came from Tuscarora Valley about 1800, and settled in the northeastern part of Miller. John Cunningham was the father of sons named William, living in the southern part of the county; John, living in the same locality; Rich ard, married to Sarah Johnston, and living on the place now owned by his son David, while a sister married John Gregory, of Shaver's Creek Valley; Josiah, married to Anna Moore, was for some years a merchant at Huntingdon ; and Robinson, married to a Miss McCauley, who were the parents of John Cun ningham, of Logan township. The Cunninghams are among the substantial farmers of the county, and rank among its active business men. On Warrior's Ridge, in what is now Miller, Gilbert Chaney was one of the early settlers. He was the father of sons named James, John, Gilbert, and Shad- rach. The latter became a Methodist minister. A daughter became the wife of William Barr, of Jack son township. At the foot of the ridge, on the present Myton farm, Edward Couch made an early settlement. He reared a family which was very active in developing there- sources of the township. Of these, William was the father of W. Durbin Couch, of Altoona. Andrew Couch was married to Rebecca Green, a daughter of Elisha Green, and was the father of William Couch of Miller; George G. Couch, of McVeytown; John C. Couch, of Pittsburgh ; Nicholas Couch, of Mis souri ; and of daughters who married Graffius Miller and Alexander Port. , The Crownover brothers, Thomas, William, and Hezekiah, although not among the earliest of the settlers in Miller, have long been connected with its history. The former reared sons named John, Daniel Thomas, and William, as well as daughters who mar ried James Coy and Jacob Hummell. The latter had daughters who married,— Sarah, Job Slack; Martha, Robert Askins : and Susan, Rev. W. H. S. Keys. His sons were Andrew Crownover, of Saulsburg ; John of Huntingdon ; Ferguson, of Standing Stone Val ley, in Miller; Hezekiah, of the same locality; and Robert, of Manor Hill. The sons of William Crown over were Hezekiah, Thomas, and Samuel. Of his daughters, Nancy married Joseph B. Henderson and Robert Green. John Coy, of German descent, after living, for some time in Jackson, became a resident of Miller about 1800, and lived on the farm now occupied by his grandson, William, until his death, about 1851; His family consisted of two sons and two daughters, the latter marrying William Couch and Daniel Crownover. The oldest son, James, married Nancy Crownover, and died on the homestead in 1876 at the age of eighty-four years. He was the father of Thomas Coy, who died in 1853 ; of John Coy, living in Henderson ; and of William Coy, living on the homestead. In 1881 the township contained between four and five hundred inhabitants. Civil Organization.— Owing to the difficulty of crossing Warrior's Ridge, the formation of a new township south of that natural boundary was con templated as early as 1857. Accordingly, in April, 1859, John S. Isett and John Porter, together with J. Simpson Africa, were appointed by the court to con sider the advisability of forming a new township, to be composed of parts of Barree and Jackson. They reported, Aug. 10, 1859, that the formation of a new township, with natural boundaries described, was feasible, but when the matter was referred to the electors, agreeably to an act of the Assembly of April 24, 1857, they decided, at an election held Nov. 1, 1859, by a vote of one hundred and fifty-seven against seventy, that they did not favor the formation of the proposed township, and the matter was allowed to rest. The action which led to the formation of the pres ent township was taken first at the April, 1880, court, when Robert McDevitt, William B. Zeigler, and M. L. Shaffner were appointed commissioners to consider MILLER TOWNSHIP. 319 the advisability of dividing Barree township. They reported, Aug. 19, 1880, that they began their labors June 2, 1880, and continued from day to day until completed, deeming the division advisable and for the best interests of the people of the township. The line of division prayed for by the petitioners, and recommended by the commissioners, was as follows: " Beginning at the corner of West and Oneida townships, on the line between the said townships and Barree, on the lands of John C. Davis, and thence north sixty-six and one-half degrees, east thirteen hundred and twelve perches, or .jtft miles, passing through the lands of John C. Davis, George Cresswell, Frank Hoffright, Thomas Shipton, Jackson Harmon, Joseph Gibbony, heirs of John Stewart, James Stewart, Gilbert . Horning, and David Cunningham, leaving the house of Joseph Gibbony twenty-four perches to the left of the line, and that of James Stewart ; Beveu perches to the right of the same, and ending at a post on the line j between Jackson and Barree, near the bridge, on the public road, close to the residence of Asbury M. Oaks, in Jackson township." i The commissioners suggested that the southeast * part retain the name of Barree and the northwest part ii be known by the name of " Manor," both being local :i and appropriate names. ti The court confirmed the report, and ordered an * election to be held to test the minds of the people a upon the proposed division. A report of the same was returned Nov. 6, 1880, which showed that one "hundred and ninety-six voted for the division and that twenty-four were opposed thereto. On the 8th of November, 1880, the court decreed that the town ship be divided in accordance with the report, and that the southeast part be called by the name of Miller, while the northwest part be known by the name of Barree. The place for holding the election in Miller town ship was fixed at Smith's school-house, near Corn- ipropst's Mills, and the township officers elected in ,1881 were as follows: Constable, William Eckley; Supervisors of Roads, T. S. Jackson and William u, Allison; Auditors, R. A. Ramsey, E. L. Cox, and William Couch ; School Directors, J. A. Couch, A. . L. Couch, M. L. Green, John Henry, and Thomas '"_'„ Milligen. General Industries. — A mill was built on Stone Creek about 1828, by. Hezekiah Crownover, which was operated by him until his death, the original mill being displaced by the present one about 1848. It is supplied with two runs of stones, and is operated only on custom-work. The present owner is Hezekiah Crownover, Jr. Above that power small saw-mills have been maintained by the Wilsons, Couches, and others. At where was the Couch saw-mill, a few miles below the Jackson line, a forge was built about 1835 by William Couch, which received the name of Rebecca." This forge was operated upon metal fur nished by the Greenwood Furnace, in Jackson, and had a number of owners and lessees. In 1843 it was carried on by William McClure, who operated the Couch mills, farther down the stream, at the same time, and was otherwise engaged in the township. In 1842 he shipped grain by the Havre de Grace Canal to Baltimore, his cargo being first towed into the city. At this time Rebecca Forge was briskly carried on, and a good business was transacted a number of years later. In 1847 a small blast-furnace was built at this point which was not successfully operated, and was discontinued after a few years. A dullness in the iron trade soon caused all these inter ests to be abandoned, not again to be resumed, and nothing but the ruins of the furnace-stack remains to indicate the place these industries once occupied. A little more than a mile above the Oneida town ship line a power was improved by Thomas Green which was made to operate a grist-mill, which later became the property of Andrew Couch. The original mill was destroyed by fire, and another one was erected on its site. This became widely and favorably known as the Couch mill, and was carried on by that family a number of years. Thence the mill became the prop erty of Henry Cornpropst, and with this transfer came a change of name. The locality is yet known as Corn- propst's Mill, although the property at present belongs to Joseph Henderson. At the mill a store and shops are maintained. The first to engage in trade was George Couch, and among the successive tradesmen have been John S. Miller, Barton Greene, H. Crown over, and the present firm of Blair & Cox. About a dozen years ago a post-office with the name of Corn- propst's Mill was here established, which is yet con tinued, and in 1881 had James Blair for postmaster. Several mails per week are supplied from Hunting don. This is the only office and place of business in the township, there being no hamlet or village within its bounds. The Stone Creek Baptist Church was the first regularly organized religious body in Miller. A half- century ago a number of persons living in this part of Standing Stone Valley had their membership with the church at Huntingdon, and for their accommo dation a preaching-place was here established. The organization of the present church followed in 1842. It was constituted by the Rev. W. M. Jones with eighteen members. Mr. Jones was at that time pastor of the Huntingdon Church, and in 1843 and 1844 was also the pastor of Stone Creek Church. The subse quent ministers were: 1845-46, Rev. J. S. Christine; 1847, Rev. D. W. Hunter, a licentiate supply ; 1848- 49, Rev. A. A. Anderson ; 1851-55, Rev. J. B. Wil liams ; 1858, Rev. G. W. English, a licentiate supply; 1859-64, Rev. W. B. Purdy; 1866-67, Rev. B. B. Henshey ; 1868-78, Rev. J. D. Thomas ; and since 1879 the Rev. W. P. Hile, serving this church in connection with Shaver's Creek and Centre Union. The latter' body is an offspring of Standing Stone Creek Church, twenty members being dismissed in 1873 to form a new society. This had the effect of greatly reducing the membership of Standing Stone Creek Church, which had in 1880 but thirty-six mem bers. The present house of worship was first occu pied in 1870, and was erected to take the place of a former house which had become unfitted for public 320 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. worship. The same year the church erected a meet ing-house in Oneida township, which is now the prop erty of Centre Union Church. The whole number baptized in Standing Stone Creek Church was one hundred and twenty-eight. It was while being pastor of this church that the Rev. J. D. Thomas died very suddenly, Nov. 4, 1878. Mr. Thomas was a resident of the township, and died highly esteemed by every one. It was through his efforts that the church built two houses of worship in 1870, an undertaking of no inconsiderable importance for a country congregation. The Wesley Methodist Episcopal Chapel is another house of worship in Miller township. It was built on a lot donated for this purpose by William Eckley, and was dedicated Dec. 17, 1880, by the Rev. E. J. Gray, of Dickinson Seminary, assisted by Dr. Mitchell. It is a neat frame building, and cost about one thousand dollars. The committee under whose direction it was built was composed of Robert A. Ramsey, Christian Peightal, Andrew Chaney, Thomas Crownover, and the Rev. W. A. Clippinger, at that time preacher in charge of the circuit. Wesley Chapel took the place of an old meeting-house which was built about 1846, on the land of Joseph Miller. It was demolished when the present house was built. At Wesley Chapel worship forty -five members, under the leadership of Robert A. Ramsey, and belonging to Ennisville Circuit. Of this circuit the preachers in charge since its forma tion in 1872 have been the following: 1872-73, Rev. Elisha Shoemaker; 1874-75, Rev. Isaac Heckman; 1876, Rev. W. J. Owens; 1877-78, Rev. W. A. Stephens; 1879-81, Rev. W. A. Clippinger. Prior to the formation of Ennisville Circuit the members had their ministerial service from Manor Hill Circuit, and still earlier from the old Huntingdon Circuit. The Sabbath-school at Wesley Chapel has W. W. French for its superin tendent. The attendance is not large, but the interest is well maintained. Not far from the chapel is a fine grove, where were formerly held old-fashioned camp- meetings. CHAPTER XLVIIL MORRIS. TOWNSHIP. The township of Morris is one of the smallest sub divisions of the county. It is located south of the Little Juniata River, and between Canoe and Tussey Mountains, embracing the lower part of Canoe Valley, having on the south the township of Catharine. The valley itself is of the nature of a plateau, being ele vated and resting on a limestone base. The sides of the mountains are too rugged to admit of cultivation, and in many localities are outcroppings of stone. In other parts the soil is fertile, and under skillful culti vation yields bountifully. The drainage is afforded chiefly by the Little Juniata and the Frankstown Branch. The latter stream, after washing the Western base of Tussey Mountain and flowing to within two miles of the former iu its northward course, forces its way through the mountain and flows eastward. This break or pass through the mountain is about a mile in length, and when the country was first settled was so confined that no wagons could pass through and horsemen only with difficulty, on account of the rude mass of stones which encroached from the mountain on each side. The rocks were loosely piled up and so arranged that they threatened destruction to those passing below.. Nevertheless, it afforded a compara tively easy way through the mountains by traveling along the beach of the river. From that circum stance the locality was called " Water Street," a name which it has borne more than a century. It was men tioned by Conrad Weiser in 1748, and John Harris also speaks of it in his "log-book" in 1754. As the country settled up this natural route was somewhat improved, and later a fine turnpike and a canal were built through the gap. The latter was abandoned in 1875. In the early part of the Revolution Gen. Ro berdeau had a landing on the river at the western end of Water Street, where he loaded his canoes with lead for the lower countries, and brought up supplies for his troops. Near the northern extremity of this mountain, which is sometimes called " Short" (the distance between the two rivers being only about two miles), is. a tunnel on the Pennsylvania Railroad, which was commenced in July, 1848, and completed about two years later. It is eleven hundred feet long, and is in the midst of a very picturesque region. About a mile above is the village and station of Spruce Creek, the former being cosily situated on both sides of the Little Juniata, in Morris and Franklin town ships. At Water Street a large spring of pure water bursts from the hillside, which is by many supposed to be an outlet of a subterranean stream, possibly of Sink ing Run, in Tyrone township. Near by were made ' some of the earliest improvements by the whites. Pioneer Settlers.— At this point Edward Beatty owned a tract of more than three hundred acres of land, including the above spring, over which he built a small but very substantial stone house before the Revolution, which was occupied by him and his fam ily during those troublous times. Beatty himself was a very vigorous man, and had eight sons, whose feats of strength and powers of endurance were known through all the country. They were brave and reso lute, and had never learned to fear the wily and treacherous red men who delighted to roam through these valleys. These " flowers of the forest" refused to fort with the other white settlers, preferring to pro tect themselves from the savages. Edward Beatty made a will on the 4th of May, 1796, in which his property was devised to his sons, Richard, Martin, Robert, William, Edward, Patrick, Thomas, and MORRIS TOWNSHIP. 6* John who sold their interests to John. The latter subsequently conveyed a part of the land, bordering on that of James McCune's, to Edward Beatty, who sold it and all the improvements to John Shaffer in 1803 for eight hundred pounds lawful money. On this part is now the hamlet of Shaffersville. The lower part of the Beatty tract became the property of Robert Province, who had there a pioneer inn and a distillery. In 1810 he disposed of his interests to Lewis Mytinger, the founder of the hamlet of Water Street. The elder Beattys died in Morris, and were buried at Shaffersville. A number of the sons re moved to Tennessee and Kentucky. James McCune and the Province family also removed early. Con temporaneous with the foregoing were the Deans, Lowrys, Simontons, and others. These settlers built a fort on the farm of Robert Lowry, on the south side i of Fox Run, some time in 1778, which was intended to protect them from Indian incursions. The fort was i placed in command of a Capt. Simonton, who lived ,on the Enoch Isenberg place on the river road, and jwho was one of the nearest neighbors of Matthew ,Dean, who resided on the present Thomas Cunning bplace. At this time Dean was regarded as one of the ,most popular and influential men of the valley, but :! unfortunately there was some animosity between him .and Mr. Lowry, which had embittered him to such i,an extent that he vowed that he would not avail him self of the protection of Lowry's fort, which was but B a short distance from his farm. Although there were several alarms, no mischief was done by the Indians .until the fall of 1780. One Sabbath evening that year Capt. Simonton, his wife, and a young son visited Mr. Dean, when the probability of Indian outrages was discussed. The captain told his neighbor that it ". was reported that Indians were about, and that he should forego his vows and take his . family, which consisted of more than half a dozen children, to the "fort at Lowry's. To this Mr. Dean did not yield his 'consent, to the loss of his wife and several children, as we shall see. When Capt. Simonton arose to re- ; turn home his little boy begged to be permitted to "stay at Mr. Dean's, and as Mrs. Simonton had prom ised to visit Mrs. Dean on the following day to per form some friendly office for her, when he could return 'with her, he was allowed to remain. The next morn ing Mr. Dean took two boys aud two girls into the u cornfield to sow some rye, the boys managing the cul- *¦ tivator, the girls hoeing around the hills of corn where ;!the plow could not be brought to bear. After Mr. ** Dean had sowed the rye he went into the adjoining ('woods to shoot some wild pigeons. Seeing a dense i' smoke issuing from his house he got his children and Jf5 started home, on the way meeting Mrs. Simonton, fc'who was going to his house. The sad truth soon /burst upon them. The Indians had massacred Mrs. it' Dean and the children he had left at home and then fl set fire to the, house. f A little girl was found scalped in the yard, and the f 21 321 charred remains of Mrs. Dean and three children were taken from the ruins of the house, but no trace of the Simonton boy could anywhere be found, al though a strong party, headed by the Beattys, had started in pursuit of the Indians as soon as they had heard of the outrage. That day Capt. Simonton went to Minot's mill (where Barree Iron- Works now are), and on his way home heard the sad news at Water Street. He rode with all possible speed to Dean's, and got there just as they had recovered the murdered woman and children from the ashes, and as his boy could nowhere be found he was forced to believe that he had been taken captive. As the cap tain was a man of means, it was conjectured that the boy had been taken for the purpose of extorting a ransom from his father. In this they were not mis taken. Simonton offered a reward of one hundred pounds for his recovery, and attended treaties at Chil- licothe and in the Miami Valley, hoping that the Indians would bring some one in who would prove to be his lost boy. But of all the captives none resem bled him, nor did the most diligent search in many places reveal the least trace of his captive son, who was reluctantly given up as hopelessly lost. In the war of 1812 three of Capt. Simonton's sons were en listed in Capt. Moses Canan's company, which hap pened to be among the Seneca Indians of Cattaraugus County, N. Y., in its period of service. Some of the men in the American army saw a white man among the Indians, married to a squaw, who had horses, cat tle, and lived in a good house. They asked him what his name was, and he told them John Sims. "Are you from the Juniata ?" " I think I am," he said. Upon being asked whether he would like to see his brothers who were with the soldiers, he said he would, and burst into tears, leaving little doubt that he was the lost Simonton boy. While he was talking his squaw came, and in a sullen manner took him away, so that nothing more was seen of him while the troops were there, and of his subsequent fate nothing was known.1 Capt. Simonton died before the men re turned from the war. One of the Dean girls, who was with her father at the time of the massacre, married into the Caldwell family, and the other Hugh Means. The sons became the heads of large families, remov ing from the township at an early day. John Dean, a brother of Matthew, lived lower down the valley, on what is now known as the Tippery place, above the " bottomless cave." He also was a prominent man, taking an active interest in public matters and religious interests, being one of the early elders of the old Hart's Log Church. He was the father of sons named Robert and Samuel, both of whom removed, and of a daughter married to William Love, who was an inn-keeper at Water Street. Farther up on the mountain-side lived John Bell, a weaver, and father of Edward Bell, a pioneer millwright. The latter l Compiled from Jones1 Juniata Valley. 322 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. was the father of James M. Bell, of Hollidaysburg, and John Bell, of Bell's Mills, in Blair County. The family early removed to Tuckahoe Valley, where a more extended account is given. Michael Law afterwards lived on the Bell place. Hugh Means, a native of Delaware, received a patent in 1769 for a tract on Shaver's Creek, located in 1763, called Aughendarraugh. After living there a few years he purchased a large tract of land in Morris, a part of which is now known as the Tussey farm, on which he died. He was married to a daughter of Matthew Dean, and reared three daughters, who married David Tussey, of Morris ; Thomas M. Owens, of Warrior's Mark ; and Evan Crane, of Franklin. John Tussey came into Hart's Log Valley before the Revolution and settled near Alexandria, now in Hun tingdon County. He married and led the life of a farmer. They had three children, viz. : David, John B., and Mary. David was born near Alexandria in 1783, and passed his boyhood days with his uncle, Hugh Bowers. When twenty-one years of age he migrated to Canoe Valley, where he worked at whatever he could get to do until his marriage to Miss Elizabeth Means, daughter of Hughey and Margaret (Dean) Means. The Deans were one of the oldest families in the county, and suffered loss of property and relatives by the Indians. After his marriage he worked rented farms for a few years, by which means he got his start in life, and finally got a farm of his own. It was a part of his father-in-law's farm, and on it he lived until his death, which occurred in 1866, his wife fol lowing him some six months later. They were both members of the Presbyterian Church for many years, and Mr. Tussey was most of the time one of the offi cers thereof. To them were born fifteen children, of whom ten grew to man's and woman's estate. Robert Tussey, the fifth child of David Tussey, was born in the Canoe Valley, Jan. 30, 1816. He grew to manhood on the home farm, and was early taught that to earn one's bread by the sweat of the brow was one of the first laws of God. He remained with his father until his twenty-fourth year. On the 6th day of February, 1840, Mr. Tussey led to the altar Dorothy, daughter of Samuel and Susannah (Keller) Harnish. She was born Dec. 15, 1814. After their marriage Mr. Tussey rented for a couple of years the farm he now owns. Then, with a little help from his father, bought it, and life in his own home commenced. He has, in addition to his farming, dealt in cattle, and for many years furnished the people in the country around with beef and other fresh meats, in which way he added to his means and paid for his home. It is said of Mr. Tussey by those who knew him best that few men of his age have done as much work as he, and that now, in his sixty-seventh year, few young men do the amount of hard labor done by him. To Mr. and Mrs. Tussey there have been born the follow ing children : William H., born Nov. 8, 1840, died April 6, 1850; Susannah, born June 22, 1842, mar ried to William Irwin ; Samuel O, born Jan. 31 I844 married Annie Hileman ; Mary E., born June 2 1845 • Elizabeth A., born March 1, 1847, married to' Alex ander D. Morrow ; David F., born March 16 1849 married to Malissa Walters ; Lydia L., born Nov 23' 1851, married to William Isett ; Anna G, born July 13, 1854 ; Robert J., born Nov. 5, 1856, married Sady Harnish ; and Lillian M., born May 5, 1859. Mr. and Mrs. Tussey have for many years been members of the Reformed Church, and during the most of the time he has been one of its elders. In early life a Whig in politics, he is now an ardent and true Re publican. Christian Harnish, grandfather of Mrs. Tussey was born in Berks County, Pa., where his grandfather had settled on his arrival in this country from Ger many, where he was born. Christian grew to man hood and married in Berks County, and in 1800 migrated to what is now (1883) Morris township, Huntingdon Co., where he bought one thousand acres of wild land. Part of this he improved, and on the farm now owned by Peter K. and Samuel Har nish built him a house, where he died in the spring of 1839. His son Samuel married Susan Keller, of Lancaster County, where her family were among the early settlers. Samuel bought three hundred acres of the thousand-acre tract of his father's, and continued the improvements already begun by him. At his death, which occurred in the fall of 1839, he left a wife and thirteen children, the eldest being twenty- five years old, the youngest a baby. Thus, left a widow, Mrs. Harnish found herself with a large family and with two farms, on which was an indebtedness of about four thousand dollars, a state of affairs which might well have made her feel that her burdens were more than she could bear. But she was not of the kind to give up, and, nothing daunted by the hard times, the scarcity of money, and the greatness of the task before her, this remarkable woman assumed com mand, and, with assistance of her family, who had been trained in ways of industry, she paid the debts and added other farms, leaving at her death, which! occurred April 5, 1881, an estate of many thousands j of dollars, besides giving each of her many children a wedding present of three hundred dollars, and also giv ing her son, Dr. Tobias Harnish, a collegiate educa-j tion. She was a woman of a kind heart and amiable disposition, it being said of her by those who knew her for many years that she was never known to be cross or out of temper. Hospitality was one of her leading traits of character, and her home was a pleasantj resort for the young people of the surrounding conn- try. She died at a ripe old age, in the full possession j of her every faculty, mourned and regretted by a wide circle of friends and relatives. Northwest from this place lived as a pioneer Michael Wallace, a native of Maryland. After a time he re moved to Laurel Springs, near Birmingham, where he engaged in manufacturing. In 1827 he returned'! 'XjlA-^csIs^ MORRIS TOWNSHIP. 323 to Morris, where he became the owner of Union Fur nace and carried on other enterprises at that point. He was the father of sons named Thomas, who re moved to Ohio; Samuel, who died suddenly at Union Furnace ; Robert, who died in Morris on the farm now occupied by his son John. His daugh ters married Dr. Jacob M. Gemmill and Henry Neff. Thomas Wallace, a brother of Michael, had a resi dence in Tyrone township, and was the father of sons named Crawford, Michael, Samuel, and Lloyd. One of his daughters became the wife of Hays Hamilton, of Franklin, for many years manager of Huntingdon Furnace ; another, Dr. Oliver G. Scott, and for her second husband Capt. James Bell, while a third married James Crawford, of Tyrone. In the Tussey neighborhood one of the oldest places was long occupied by Philip Roller. It is on the Manor tract, and was conveyed by the Penns to William Boyd, and by him to Thomas Law, who sold to Philip Roller in 1797, and after his death the farm became the property of Jesse Moore, of Franks- town. Philip Roller was a son of Jacob Roller, of Sinking Valley, and was one of the leading citizens of Morris until his decease, about 1840. Two years later Perry Moore became a resident of that farm, and yet continues to make it his home. He is son of Jesse Moore and grandson of Daniel Moore, one of the earliest settlers of Blair County. The latter and his brother William lived first in the "Loop," south of Hollidaysburg, and forted at McCahan's Mill. There William was killed by a skulking Indian. Daniel -Moore subsequently became a set tler of Scotch Valley, where he owned large tracts of land. He was married to a Miss Hamilton, a native of Scotland, who was a young lady when she came to this country. Of his sons, Jesse lived on the homestead until 1873, when he departed this life, at the age of eighty-three years. He served in the war of 1812, and was at Cleveland at the time of Perry's victory. His sons were Perry, Samuel L., William J., Silas D., Franklin, Elias R., and Madison M. The first named was born in 1816. Farther south, Christian Harnish, from York County, settled about ninety years ago, dying on What is known as the Harnish homestead about 1837, at the age of seventy-nine years. His son Samuel died on the homestead in 1839, at the age of fifty years. He was the father of sons named Christian, living in Delaware; John and Abraham, who died in Morris; Samuel and Peter, yet living in the township; and Dr. Tobias Harnish, of Alexandria. His daughters married Robert Tussey, of Morris ; the Rev. Samuel H. Reid, Col. John Huyett, of Porter; JacobF. Stiner, Samuel H. Keller, of Pittsburgh ; Col. Ephraim Burkett, of Sinking Valley; and Albert Hileman, of Blair County. One of the daughters of Christian Harnish married John Keller, of Morris'. Tobias Harnish, a brother of the foregoing, lived on an adjoining farm, and his sons, William and Peter, yet live in that locality. Other sons were Samuel, John, Jacob, and David. Two of his daughters mar ried John Wertz and John Walters, both deceased. Lewis Mytinger, a native of Lancaster County, came to Huntingdon about 1795, living for a number of years at Alexandria, where he was the first post master about 1802. In 1810 he settled at Water Street, on part of the Beatty and later Robert Province tract, where he died in 1847, having reared four sons and a like number of daughters. Of the former, Henry was living at Water Street in 1881, at the age of seventy- nine years ; George, Lewis, and John are deceased. One of the daughters, Elizabeth, was married to Robert G. Stewart, of Yellow Springs, a son of David Stewart, one of the first settlers of Catharine town ship. She lived at Water Street in 1881, at the age of eighty-three years, and was the mother of Lewis M. Stewart, an attorney of that place, and former pro thonotary of Huntingdon County. Her daughters married Dr. Jacob Forney and B. Franklin Bell, of Bell's Mills. Harriet Mytinger, another daughter of Lewis, was married to Anthony Stewart, of Catharine township, both being deceased. On the upper part of the Beatty tract John Shaffer, a native of Berks County, settled in 1803. He reared five sons, four of whom are deceased. Jacob is living in Indiana County. Others were John, William, Adam, and Peter. The latter was married to Eliza beth, a daughter of Jacob Keller, and died at Shaf fersville in 1874, at the age of seventy years. John Keller was also from the eastern part of the State, settling in what is now Catharine township. He was the father of sons named John, Peter, Samuel* Henry, and Jacob. The latter lived on the old Mat thew Dean place, now owned by the heirs of his son-in-law, James Cunning. Jacob Tippery was among the pioneers of Sinking Valley, where he reared sons named Abraham, George, Henry, and Jacob, the latter being the father of Peter Tippery, of Morris. John and Frederick Hileman, who became well- known citizens of Morris, came at a later period than the foregoing ; and Michael Fetterhoof settled in the neighborhood of the tunnel about 1803. He was the father of sons named Michael, John, George, Joseph, and Samuel, all deceased or removed. Two sons of the former, George and Daniel, live in that locality at this time. In 1796 the following persons were rated as taxables in what are now Morris and Catharine townships, each having the number of acres of land set opposite his name: Acres. .. 20 .. 301 Armstrong, James Beatty, Edward, Sr.... Beatty, Edward, Jr Beatty, Bicliard Bealty, William (blacksmith) Hell, John (weaver) 100 Black, J.ihn 160 Burns, Hi-nry 100 Clapper, John 100 Champion, James 200 Calberson, Joseph 100 Acres. Caven, John 197 Dean, John (saw-mill) 180 D.ivis, George 306 Donnelly, Thomas 16S Davis, William 50 Eake, Jacob 60 England, N 40 Ferguson, Samuel 120 Galbraith, Archibald Hanna, Henry 259 Hanna, John 415 324 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Acres. Mulhullen, Hugh MulhoUen, Juhn Mogle, George 150 Osburn, James Pontius, Juhn 130 Boiler, Michael 150 Boiler, Philip 136 KumBey, John Smith, Andrew Spitler, William (oil-mill) 300 Stewart, David (grist-, saw-, and oil-mills) 350 Stewart, James 240 Shaw, William Thompson. Moses Taylor, Miller Whitelib, Robert 117 Weston, James (weaver) 300 Whitesell, Henry 300 Acres. Hays, John 96 Hinds, Michael 220 Johnston, Anthony 157 Johnston, Hugh (inn-keeper) 260 Johnston, Alexander Kinney j Thomas Law, Thomas 250 Lowman, Philip McCune, James 400 McCune, Thumns Mogle, Casper 118 Means, Hugh 300 Martin, John 286 Mann, John McClellan, Thomas 60 Miller, Sigismond 300 Montgomery, George 113 MulhoUen, William 250 McKellip, Hugh 250 McKinney, John Single Freemen. Edward Bell, miller. Henry Mannam, gunsmith. John Beatty. John Spitler. Joseph Miller, weaver. Consequent upon the opening of the Western coun try for settlement, a number of changes were made in the township, some removing and others taking their places. This condition is shown in the follow ing list, prepared for the year 1812 : Acres. Aurandt, Bev. PeiLrick 114 Burns, Henry 200 Bandon, John Black, John Black, John, Jr.. Boyd, William Ill Cring, Henry (oil-mill) 16 Champion, James 300 Champion, John Champion, Thomas Clapper, Daniel 50 Crawford, Arthur Carter, Abraham Carothers, John 105 Curtis, Freeman Cartwright, Cyrus 200 Davis, Samh 300 Donnelly, William 94 Dunn, James 117 Doraey, Evans (saw-mill, ne gro) 159 Dean, John, Esq 180 Eake, Jacob SO Ellin, William Ellis, Alexander Eager, John Fetterhoff, Michael 196 Feigns, John 123 Gray, Jtimes (saw-mill) 400 Galbraith, Archibald Hamer, John H 25 Harnish, Christian 210 Harnish, Tobias 123 Hall, Matthew Henry, Jacob 120 Harland, Joseph Hay, Valentine 200 Johnston, Anthony 172 Jackson, William 250 Keller, Michael 62 Kuhn, Frederick 112 Keller, John 300 Law, James and Bobert 195 Law, Frederick Mytinger, Lewis 100 Mogle, Casper 112 Mogle, Jacob Acres. McCall, Michael Means, Hugh 300 McMannus, Patrick Moore, David 205 Moore, John Montgomery, John 264 Miller, Jacob Nelson, John Nelson, William, Jr Pontius, John 124 Point, Samuel Bichardson, Thomas Roller, Philip (distillery) 251 Rogers, George Ross, Samuel Rhule, John Bammage, Thomas Stewart, Canan & Moore (grist- and saw-mill) 56 Stewart, Canan & Moore (fur nace and forge) Stewart, Canan & Moore, Les sees of the West and Russel lands 3600 Sprankel, Widow Sprankel, Frederick..... 84 Shaffer, John 90 Smith, Jacob 75 Shelleberger, Philip 200 Stewart, David, Esq 300 Shenefelt, John 400 Shaw, Juseph Shelleberger, 15 Shaw, William 100 Stewart, James 286 Simonton, William 250 Sprankel, John, Sr 160 Tippery, Jacob Tussey, David Truby, Andrew 200 Wallace, Michael (grist- and saw-mills and distillery).... 89 Whittaker, Thomas 60 Walkingshead, Hugh 140 Whitzell, Jacob 150 Wagner, Michael Aurandt, John. Baird, Michael. Beats, Truman. Burns, James. Ballon, Cornelius. Carothers, Alexander. Champion, Thomas. Champion, Isaac. Freemen. Crawford, Samuel, Carothers, Hugh. Camerer. John. Cartwright, Cyrus. Evans, Caleb. Kennedy, John. White, John and Ezekiel. In 1880 the population, including the villages of Water Street and Spruce Creek, was six hundred and seventy-eight; not including the villages, four hun dred. Civil Organization.— The township became a body politic at the August term of the Court of Quarter Sessions in 1794, upon " The petition of a number of the inhabitants of Tyrone township which had been read on the Wednesday and Thursday of the last m- Biou, was again read on the Monday and Thursday of the present ses sion, sotting forth the difficulties ihey labor under by reason of the great distance and length of said township, and praying for a division of the same by a line so as to include the plantation of Philip Roller and down the hollow from his house to the Little Juniata, the boundary of Franklin township, whereupon it is considered by the court and or dered that the southeast end of the said township of Tyrone, bounded by the line aforesaid, be erected into a separate township, and be here after distinguished and known by the name of Morris township." The following have been the principal officers since the township was formed : CONSTABLES. 1795, John Bell; 1796, Jacob Ake; 1797, William Spitler; 1798, Phihp Lawrence ; 1799, George Davis ; 1800, Thomas Donnelly ; 1801, Chris tian Zimmerman ; 1802, James Champion ; 1803, John Pontine; 1804 John Clapper; 1805, William Boyd; 1806, James Lane; 1807, John Keller; 1808, John Fergus; 1809, Philip Roller; 1810, Jacob Ake; 1S11, Michael Wallace ; 1812, James Gray ; 1813, David Tussey; 1814, Michael Keller; 1815, Thomas Johnston ; 1816, George Davis; 1817, William Donaldson ; 1818, James McClure; 1819-20, John Shaver; 1821, William Donnelly; 1822, Christian Harnich; 1823, Jacob Henry; 1824, John Carothers; 1825, Philip Roller; 1826, John Kel ler, Jr.; 1827-28, James Wray; 1829, John Aurandt; 1830-31, Ste phen Hammond; 1832, Robert G. Stewart; 1833, John Hileman; 1834, Samuel Harnish. OVERSEERS OF THE POOR. 1795-96, James McCune, William Spiller; 1797-99, John Dean, Samuel Fergus; 1800, John Montgomery, William Spitler. ROAD SUPERVISORS. 1795, John Martin, James Champion ; 1796, William Davis, Philip Roller ; 1797, James McCune, John Fergus; 1798, George Davis, Jacob Ake; 1799, James Stewart, Nicholas Roller; 1800, Hugh McKillip, R. J. Law ; 1801, John Beatty, John Keller; 1802, James Gray, Jacob Wet zel 1 ; 1803, John Dean, Thomas Provinse; 1804, Hugh Means, Mi chael Keller; 1805, John Hanna, Philip Lauman; 1806, James Dunn, John Pontius; 1807, Philip Roller, John Blackie; 1808, John Shaeffer, Fred. Kuhn; 1809, David Moore, Michael Wallace; 1810, Jonathan Montgomery, James Gray ; 1811, Jonathan Montgomery, Christian Harnish; 1812-13, no returns; 1814, William Donnelly, George Davis; 1815, Casper Mogle, John Fergus; 1816, Michael Fetherstone, James Stewart; 1817-18, no returns; 1819, Christian Harnish, James Stewart; 1820, Christian Harnish, Fred. Law; 1821, Philip Roller, John Keller; 1822, no return; 1823, Thomas Jackson, Frederick Hileman ; 1824, David Tussey. John Aurand ; 1825-26, William Donnelly, George Davis ; 1827, Jacob Henry, John Shaeffer; 1828, James Wray, Jacob Shaeffer ; 1829, John Stewart, George Kel ler; 1830, John Clark, Philip Boiler; 1831, William Hammond, James Perry; 1832-33, James Wray, John nileman ; 1834, Thomas Donnelly, Jacob Shaeffer; 1835, John Hileman, Jacob Shaeffer; 1836, John Donnelly, David Tussey; 1837, John Davis, Christian Law; 1838, Tobias Harnish, James Stewart; 1839, Charles E. Kinkead, Robert Dean; 1840, William Reed, Robert Kinkead; 1841, William Hammond, William Hileman ; 1842, Michael Fetterhoof, William Reed; 1843, George Davis, Johu Keller; 1844, John Shaffer, Alex ander Carothers; 1845, Benjamin Sprankle, John Donnelly; 1846, Michael Law, Peter Tippery ; 1847, Peter Shaffer, John Davis; 1848, Peter Shaffer, David Tussey; 1849, Samuel P. Wallace, Jacob Har nish; 1850, Abraham Harnish, B. F. Wallace; 1851, Benjamin Moore, John WattleB; 1852, Michael Smith, Michael Law; 1853, Abraham Isenberg, Joseph Isenberg; 1854, William Hileman, Robert Tussey; 1855, Samuel C. Harnish, Perry Moore; 1856, Benjamin Sprankle, Joseph Shaffer; 1857, John Davis, T. Walter; 1858, Peter Shaver, Michael Law; 1859, AdamFocht, Daniel Shultz; 1860, John Davis, John Shaffer; 1861, Henry Ginter, Robert Tuasey; 18' MORRIS TOWNSHIP. 325 Isenberg, Micliael Sprankle ; 1863, Peter Hani ish, Michael Sprankle j 1864, Willlnm H. Beck, Jacob Baker; 1885, William H. Beck, John Keller; 1866, Peter Shaffer, William Wnllace; 1867, Perry Moore, David Hileman ; 1868, Perry Moore, Samuel Crawford ; 1869, Robert Tussey, Samuel Crawford; 1870-71, N. Law, D. Keller; 1872, Peter Staffer, J. D. Seeds ; 1873, John Davis, Samuel Harnish ; 1874, Peter Tippery, Kobert Tussey; 1876, Peter Tippery, Samuel Sprankle; 1870, S. Harnish, John DaviB; 1877, Samuel Rosebrough, John Bonders; 1878, Martin Focht, Samuel H. Beck; 1879, William Law, Thomas Cummins; 1880, Adam Garner, Henry Shultz; 1881, John Kembler, Jacob Walter. In 1846 the upper part of Canoe Valley was cut off from Morris and a new township formed with the name of Catharine. This was included with others in forming Blair County the same year. Since that period Morris has had its present limits. General Industries and Villages.— Some time about 1793, Jacob Isett attempted to improve a water- power in the locality which afterwards became known as Union Furnace. The dam across the Juniata was swept away, and nothing further was done for the dozen years following. About 1810 the property passed into the hands of Edward B. Dorsey and Caleb Evans, who again improved the power and built a charcoal furnace of about thirty-five tons' capacity per week, getting the iron ore from the Dorsey bank in Warrior's Mark, about three miles distant. Under their ownership Cyrus Cartwright was the manager. In 1827, Michael Wallace became the owner, and the following year built the first of the three grist-mills which have been operated by that power. The fur nace meantime had been idle, but was put in blast about 1830, and was carried on three years later by Robert Moore. In 1835, Jonathan Dorsey and Joseph Higgins were the operators, and a few years later Hugh McNeil. In 1848 the firm of George W. Pat ton & Co. (George W. Patton, Samuel B. Wallace, Dr. Jacob M. Gemmill, John S. Isett, and Samuel Isett) took charge of Union Furnace, and operated it until it was blown out of blast in 1852. Since that time it has been demolished and scarcely a trace of it now remains. The first mill was destroyed by fire and was rebuilt by Samuel Wallace. This also was burned down about 1877, while owned by James Haggerty & Son. The present fine mill was built in 1879 by the proprietor, Thomas K. Henderson. It is a fine three-story brick, supplied with four runs of stones, and in its appointments is one of the finest mills in the country. The Pennsylvania Eailroad maintains a station at this place with the name of Union Furnace, but the post-office bears the name of Morrell, and was first kept by James Haggerty. The Union Furnace oflice, established before 1830 and kept by Michael Wallace, who also kept a store at that time, was discontinued many years ago. The postmaster of the Morrell office in 1881 was Thomas K. Henderson. A mill on the Juniata below this point, built in 1808 by Michael Wallace, was aban doned before 1830. Several small saw-mills, operated by water-power in different parts of the township, have also long since been discontinued. The hamlet of Water Street, on the Frankstown Juniata, was begun some time after 1800, by Lewis Mytinger, on the lower part of the Beatty tract. In 1813 he bought a mill-site of John Fee, and erected thereon a mill, which was swept away by the flood of 1851. The present mill was built in 1854, by Henry Mytinger, and is yet owned by him. It has but a small capacity. Lewis Mytinger opened a good store at Water Street in 1810, and was a large trader after the building of the canal, the family continuing until after 1848. In 1832 he erected a warehouse on the canal, where immense quantities of grain were purchased, and goods received for the valleys of Blair and Centre Counties. The rental of that building alone, in the best period of the canal, was eight hun dred dollars per year. After the railroad was built, in 1850, Water Street lost its importance as a ship ping-point, aud since the canal was abandoned, in 1875, the hamlet has steadily declined as a business point, there being in 1881 but a small store kept by T. C. Waite. Opposite this building is the old My tinger stand, now vacant. Others in trade were Robert and Anthony Stewart, John Homer, John Balsbaugh, and Samuel Wareham. On the same corner Eobert Provinse had a public- house before 1800. Later there was an inn by Lewis Provinse, in the building which is now a part of the Wilson residence. In 1847, Henry Mytinger erected a very fine brick hotel, thirty-six by seventy-one feet, several stories high, which was kept a number of years by Abraham L. Moyer, Walter Graham for seven years, and by others for short periods. Prior to the decline of the village it had a large patronage. For a time .the building was occupied by the Rev. Samuel H. Reid, who had there a boarding-school, which did not secure the patronage it merited. Dr. John Ross located at Water Street as a phy sician in 1832, and subsequently the profession was represented there by Dr. A. L. Chestnutwood, Dr. Jacob Forney, Dr. Samuel Charlton, Drs. Irvin and Good. Dr. Tobias Harnish was the last regular physician, removing from this place to Alexandria. The Water Street post-office was established about 1825, and four years later became a distributing oflice for mails for Centre and other northern coun ties, stages departing from Water Street twice per week for those points until the railroad was com pleted. The first postmaster was Lewis Mytinger, and subsequently the office was kept by the mer chants of the place. The present postmaster is William Davis, the office being kept in that part of the hamlet which is called Shaffersville. A daily mail is supplied from Petersburg. Shaffersville was so called for the owners of the upper part of the Beatty tract, upon which the hamlet is built. It consists of half a dozen houses, a store, and a neat Lutheran Church. In 1880 the population of the two parts of the hamlet, separated by a high hill, was sixty. About 1839 a store was there opened 326 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. by John Hileman and others, which in 1851 was kept by Davis .& Fetterhoof. On the 15th of July that year occurred a flood which increased the volume of the brook flowing through Shaffersville to such an extent that the store, Mytinger's mill, and Robert Kinkead's house were swept away. In the latter were Mrs. Kinkead and children named Mary, Eliza, Robert, and Oliver, and Miss Ellen Hileman, a guest of the family. They had been entreated to leave the house for fear that it might not be able to with stand the angry waves which were even then beating against the side nearest the brook, but they did not heed this well-meant advice, and with their lives paid the penalty of their indiscretion. In the darkness of the night a heavy timber struck the house, knocking it from its foundation and breaking it to pieces. The unfortunate inmates were carried down the stream, the body of Miss Hileman being found at the Water Street wharf, that of Mrs. Kinkead below Alexandria, and the children at other places intermediate. At the same time a horse confined in a barn was carried down below the large canal dam, where he was found alive and uninjured. Above Water Street an im mense land slide destroyed communication on the Canal for a number of days, and the flood in its far- reaching effects was the greatest disaster the township has ever sustained. The merchant at present in trade is William Davis, in a building which stands near the site of the destroyed business house. At this point inns have been kept by Robert Kinkead, Mrs. Mc Laughlin, John Stahl, and others. The mechanic trades have been carried on by Peter Tippery, David Beck and his sons, and Howell Merryman, black smiths; John Shaffer and C. Young, shoemakers; William and George Walters, millwrights; Adam Slack, repair-shop; and since 1863, David Wilson, cabinet-maker at Water Street. At the latter place Samuel Caldwell had an axe-factory in operation many years, and when it was abandoned Job Plymp ton converted the building into a foundry and ma chine-shop. Later James Piper carried on the shop, which was destroyed by fire about 1869. Spruce Ckeek, a station on the railway a mile above the tunnel, is situated on both sides of the Little Juniata, and consequently is in two townships. That part lying in Franklin contains the manufac turing interests on Spruce Creek, while the Morris part of the village has the hotel and stores of the place. In the former is a fine Presbyterian Church, while the latter contains a Methodist house of wor ship. The two parts are connected by a bridge, which is the third across the stream at this point, the second having been destroyed by the great flood of Oct. 8, 1847. The first bridge was erected in 1819, and the second a year before its destruction. The general in terests of the two parts are so much interblended that they are here considered as belonging to the village of Spruce Creek, in Morris. The population in 1880 was two hundred and eighteen. The first settlers in this locality were two brothers by the name of Bebault, who built a small tub-mill near the mouth of Spruce Creek, about 1775. Late the property was owned by Abraham Sells, who had in connection with his mills a public-house. At a yet later period Jacob Beigle purchased the mills and some six hundred acres of land from Gen. Heis- ter, of Reading, Pa., and divided his property among his five sons, who retained ownership until 1827 when John S. Isett secured the property, and it is yet owned by his family. The Isetts erected mills, a factory, and a forge, as will be detailed in the history of Frank lin township, calling their part of the village Stockdale. On the Morris side, James Gray, a son-in-law of Col. John Canan, of Porter, became the owner of a tract of land on the 15th of April, 1820, on which, a few years later, he laid out a village which he called Graysport. The prospects and advantages of the vil lage were attractively set forth in an advertisement in the Huntingdon Gazette of April 8, 1824, as fol lows : "TO MECHANICKSl The subscriber having laid out a small village called GKAYSPOaT, at the Bridge over the Little Juniata and opposite the mouth of Spruce Creek, offers for sale the Lots at a very reasonable price, and on termB which will be advantageous to purchasers. The situation of the place holds out many inducements to industrious mechanics, who are actu ated by the manly spirit of independence which prompts man to acquire property of his own, that he may not be subject to the capricious will of others. It is situated in a healthy part of the county, on a navigable stream, and is intersected by the great road (which is much traveled) leading by the way of Northumberland to Pittsburgh ; is surrounded by Iron Works within a short distance in every direction, and within a few perches of a Grist and Saw-mill turned by a never-failing stream of water. Materials for building can be obtained here at a very trifling cost, there being good building stone, which can be had in abundance without quarrying, on the adjoining lands of the subscriber, within a few perches of the lots ; these he will permit the purchasers to appro* priate to themselves for building purposes without charging for the same. "The one-half of the purchase money will be required to be paid in hand, the residue one year after the purchase without interest. "James Ghat. " March 1, 1824." At this time Mr. Gray resided above the village, at a place called " Gray's Fording," where he had a tannery. The latter was discontinued about 1827, and eight years later Mr. Gray removed to Indiana County. His farm was sold to Michael Fetterhoof, and the unsold village lots to Nathaniel Lytle. The village retained the names of Stockdale and Grays port until the railroad located a station herewith the name of Spruce Creek, and since about 1850 the place has been known by the latter title. A number of lots were sold soon after they were placed in the market, and half a dozen houses built, but the village did not assume any business import ance until the last-named period, when it received a large share of the trade which had been concentrated at Water Street. The flood of 1847 destroyed several buildings, but in the main the place has enjoyed un interrupted prosperity, and Spruce Creeklias the dis- MORRIS TOWNSHIP. 327 tinction of being the wealthiest village of its size in the State. The first store was opened by John S. Isett, October, 1827 in a building which stood on the bank of the river, on the Franklin side, and was swept away by the flood of 1847. In 1830, Andrew McPherran opened a store on the Morris side, in a building which stood near the present Keystone House. Later pro prietors of the store were Samuel Steel, Robert Moore, and John S. Isett. From 1836 till 1858 the latter was in trade on the Franklin side, and was the last to merchandise there. In 1848, George H. Steiner built the second store house on the Morris side, in which he and others were in trade, and which has been occupied since 1870 by Edward B. Isett and Sidney Thompson, gen eral merchants. The old stand has been occupied by various parties, and in 1881 contained a fine store be longing to John H. Law. A third business house, on the Morris side, was built in 1869 by E. W. Graffius, in which he has since merchandised. A fourth store is kept in the Keystone Block by Martin Hazlett. After the public-house kept by Abraham Sells, Daniel Beck kept an inn on the Franklin side, occu pying a log building. Thomas Johnston kept a pub lic-house until he was elected sheriff in 1830. Samuel Steel, Jacob Streighthoof, Philip Lamy, and William Copley were successive landlords. Since 1842, R. F. Hazlett has been the keeper of a public-house, occu pying since July 4, 1851, the Keystone Hotel. This is a four-story brick building, forty by eighty feet, containing forty-seven rooms, which are supplied with pure water, bathing appliances, and the conveniences of a first-class hotel. The first post-office kept at this point bore the name of Graysport, and had John S. Isett as post master. It was discontinued because it failed to main tain itself. The present Spruce Creek oflice was es tablished after the railway was some time in operation, and the postmasters have been George H. Steiner, Alexander Leeds, E. B. Isett, and Nathaniel Lytle, the present incumbent. Three mails per day are sup plied by railroad and a daily mail from Centre Hall, in Centre County, by stage through the Spruce Creek Valley. The first medical practitioner at Spruce Creek was a Dr. Hamilton, who came about 1834 and remained about two years, being followed by a Dr. Butler for a brief period. Dr. Adam McPherran came about 1845 and continued in that locality until his death in 1880. Dr. E. Nelson Banks was in practice from 1850 till 1853, when he removed to the West. Dr. Sidney Thompson, the present practitioner, was born in Mifflin County in 1834. At the age of twenty he graduated from Princeton College, and three years later, in' 1857, from the University of Pennsylvania. Since August, 1857, he has been a resident of Spruce Creek. Religious and Educational.— At Spruce Creek a Union meeting-house was built on the side hill, on tjfie road to Canoe Valley, in 1850, in which various denominations maintained worship. It was also used as a place for public meetings and schools, and is yet used for the latter purposes. The building is a small but neat frame. One of the first religious organiza tions at Spruce Creek was a class of Methodists, which had in 1843 among its members Hugh Sharp, Jackson Barry, and John Whitney. In 1855 a series of meet ings was held in the Union Church, which resulted in seventy-three additions to the membership of the class, numbering at that time but a few persons. From that time on The Spruce Creek Methodist Church has been recognized as an organization of power and influence. In 1875, Mr. Edward Graffius donated a lot upon which to erect a house of worship, which was built during the year by a committee composed of Abra ham Weight, David P. Henderson, and Edward Graf fius. It is a two-story frame, thirty-five by forty-five feet, surmounted by a belfry, and cost three thousand five hundred dollars. The house was dedicated Aug. 6, 1876, by Rev. R. E. Wilson, assisted by Rev. Thomas Reese. The church belongs to Birmingham Circuit, and prior to 1874 sustained the same relation to War rior's Mark Circuit, in which connection appear the names of the ministers who have preached at Spruce Creek. In 1881 the members of the church numbered sixty, and of the Sabbath-school one hundred. David P. Henderson was the superintendent of the latter, and Jackson Barry was for many years a class-leader of the church-members. The Water Street Lutheran Church. — About 1819 a stone meeting-house was built at Shaffersville by the Lutheran and Reformed congregations of Morris and adjoining townships, in which the former worshiped until 1851, when the present fine Lutheran Church at Water Street was erected for its accommo dation. It is a brick house, forty-two by fifty-four feet, and cost four thousand dollars, not including the lot, which was donated by Henry Mytinger. The trustees in 1881 were James Davis, David Hileman, and T. C. Waite, and at the same time the church council was composed of Elders James McClure and William Walter, Deacons P. Young, William Mid- daugh, C. H. Beck, and Daniel Fetterhoof. At the time the meeting-house was built the con gregation was composed of members belonging to the following families: Shaffer, Mytinger, Rung, Piper, Isenberg, Spyker, Stahl, Tipperey, Fetterhoof, Low, Hileman, Sorrick, Ginter, Walter, and Baker. In 1881 there were one hundred and twenty-eight mem bers in the congregation and seventy -five in the Sun day-school, of which C. H. Beck was the superintend ent. Prior to the building of the stone church meetings were held at the houses of some of the members or in school-houses, the preachers visiting the congregation at intervals of about one month. One of the first ministers was Rev. Fred. Haas, who came as early as 328 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 1804 and remained six years. He not only preached at Water Street, but also ministered to the Lutherans of Huntingdon, Williamsburg, Marklesburg, Cass ville, and the Big Valley. Subsequently came the Revs. Robenock, Heinan, Osterhout, Mosher, Em mons, Williams, Rightmeyer, Crist, Aughey, Kistler, Battersby, and Kerlin. The latter is the pastor of a charge which embraces Water Street and Petersburg, and assumed that relation in the summer of 1881. Prior to this arrangement the church was connected with other congregations in forming a parish. The Keller Reformed Church of Canoe Valley. — The Reformed congregation was organized at an earlier day, and embraced members living in Sinking Valley, Canoe Valley, and Porter township. The Rev. John Deitrick Aurandt came among the ad herents of that faith in 1798, and made his home in the Canoe Valley, living in what is now Catharine township until his death, April 24, 1831. He was buried in the cemetery by the Stone Church, which he had helped to build a dozen years earlier. Then the congregation had as pastors Revs. Jonathan Keller, Moses Kiefer, and from Nov. 5, 1843, to Oct. 1, 1852, the Rev. Samuel H. Reid. In the third year of his pastorate the congregation withdrew from the Stone Church and divided itself into three parts, ac cording to the locality in which they lived, each erect ing its own house of worship and being a separate congregation, yet being connected as a charge, having the same pastoral supervision. Under this arrange ment the members in Canoe Valley built the Keller Church in Catharine township, near the Morris line, in 1846. It is a brick house, with accommodations for four hundred and fifty persons, and the congregation worshiping there in 1881 was composed of eighty members. The church council had as elders James Patterson, Enoch Isenberg, Samuel Downing, and William Landis; as deacons, J. Thompson, Frank Tussey, Henry Harnish, and Z. T. Harnish. The latter and J. D. Aurandt were superintendents of a Sunday-school which had an attendance of sixty per sons. In 1863 the congregation had seventy-six con firmed and seventy-nine baptized members, but on account of removals has been reduced to its present number. The pastors following Rev. S. H. Reid were Revs. F. A. Rupley, Joshua Riale, Josiah May, J. G. Wolf, John W. Love, J. A. Peters, and since December, 1878, the Rev. M. H. Sangree. The home of the pastor is at Alexandria, where has been the parsonage of Water Street charge since 1830. Under the free-school system the following have been elected as directors : 1835, John Kyle, Philip Roller; 1836, John Stewart, John Hileman; 1837, Joseph Roller, Jacob Shaffer, John Keller; 1838, David Tussey, A. J. Stewart, John Rusandt; 1839, John Hileman, John Kyle; 1840, A. J. Stewart, Joseph Roller; 1841, William L. Spear, David Tussey, Solomon Snyder; 1842, Charles B. Kinkead, William Ham mond, John Keller; 1843, Jesse Wolf, Peter Shaffer; 1844, John Clark, Michael Low; 1845, Allen Green, Joseph Isenberg; 1846, G. Davis, W. Hileman, P. Moore, M. Fetterhoof; 1847, J. B. Carothers, Wm. Hileman; 1848, Thomas Cummins, Henry Hamer; 1849, Robert Tussey, Benjamin Sprankle ; 1850, Joseph Law, James B. Carothe Joseph Isenberg; 1851, Samuel P. Wallace, John Davis; 1852 D,°7d' Tussey, Peter Shaffer ; 1853, James B. Carothers, John Keller; IgL Perry Moore, John Shaffer ; 1855, Nathaniel Lytle, William Walt. . 1856, James Stewart, Casper Weight; 1857, William Hileman B F Wallace; 1858, Abraham Harnish, Robert Tussey; 1869 D Iii Stewart, Joseph Law ; I860, William Davis, Edward Beigle- 1861 Abraham Harnish, Benjamin Sprankle; 1862, Tobias Foreman' Perry Moore; 1863, Michael Low, William Isenberg; 1864, Abral ham Harnish. Robert A. Dorsey; 1 865,' George Fetterhoof, Peter K Harnish ; 1866, Tobias Foreman, Edward Beigle, Samuel C. Tussey' 1867, John Isenberg, Samuel C. Tussey ; 1868, Peter Shaffer, David Fetterhoof; 1869, James R. Haggerty, Tobias Foreman; 1870-71 Samuel Downing, D. Henderson; 1872, George Davis, D. Goodman- 1873, S. C. Tussey, S. Thompson ; 1874, David Hilman, Peter Shaffer' 1875, D. Goodman, George Davis, S. H. Beck ; 1876, D. Fetterhoof! Perry Moore; 1877, P. K. Harnish, T. C. Waite; 1878, Z. T. Harnish' Thompson Buckley; 1879, Perce Toung, Thomas M. Benner- 1880* T. C. Waite, C. H. Beck; 1881, David Hileman, David Goodman] Wm. Low. In 1881 there were four districts in the township, in which six months' school per year were maintained. The number of male pupils was eighty-one ; of female, seventy-six. The average attendance was one hun dred and thirty-two, and the cost of instruction ninety- five cents per month for each pupil. About seven hundred and fifty dollars were levied for school purposes. CHAPTER XLIX. ONEIDA TOWNSHIP.* The township of Oneida adjoins the borough of Huntingdon, extending along the valley of the Stand ing Stone northeastward about ten miles, and having an average width of about three miles. It embraces the territory lying between the summit of the War rior's Ridge, which separates Oneida from Logan and West townships, and Standing Stone Ridge, along the northwestern base of which runs the line of Hender son township. The valley is narrow, and the surface of the township is mainly mountainous, only a lim ited portion of the soil being susceptible of successful cultivation. The tillable parts are mainly north of the centre, and embrace some limestone lands. The other soils are clay, sandy or slaty loam. Iron ore abounds, and potter's and other clays may be obtained in many localities. The entire area was formerly tim bered, in many parts heavily, and the manufacture of lumber until recently gave agriculture a subordinate position. Since the forests have been cleared away the latter industry and fruit-culture have been given more prominence, which is made manifest in the im proved appearance of the country and other evidences of increasing prosperity. The drainage of the town ship is afforded by Standing Stone Creek, Murray's Run, and other affluent streams. The former enters from Miller township, and after a course of about twelve miles empties into the Juniata at Hunting- 1 Including a brief account of the original township of Huntingdon. ONEIDA TOWNSHIP. 329 don. It is a stream of considerable volume the greater part of the year, and was declared navigable by legislative enactment in 1794. From it. the town ship derived its name, Oneida being a Seneca Indian term for Standing Stone. The latter name was sug gested by a column or large standing stone erected at its confluence in the aboriginal period. Many fresh water brooks and springs abound in Oneida, as well as a few which are supposed to possess mineral prop erties. Of the latter class the most favorably known are the warm springs, located near the right bank of Standing Stone Creek, about five miles from Hunt ingdon. The springs were formerly highly esteemed on account of the quality of the waters, which are slightly warm and gently laxative. The volume is large, and the surroundings picturesque and health- inspiring, causing them to become a place of resort many years ago. Pioneer History. — In connection with the pioneer events of Oneida may properly be considered the original township of Huntingdon, which passed out of existence in 1814. At the organization of the county, in 1787 it embraced not only what now con stitutes Huntingdon and Oneida, but also Henderson and Brady on the north of the Juniata, and Porter, Walker, and Juniata on the south side of that stream. At that time there lived in that widely-extended township the persons named in the following list, each owning or holding land as is indicated opposite his name. An asterisk is prefixed to the ownership of village property. Acres. Anderson, Andrew 100 Located. •Anderson, Samuel 223 Warrant. Armitage, Isaac .¦ 200 " Armitage, Jacob (deceased) 96 " Ashman, Abraha.r 200 Smith tract. Arlington, James 100 London tract. Asbbough, Johu (distillery) 220 Manor. , Akens, William 50 Warrant. Allen, Peter 100 " Ashbuugh, Henry Lot. , Boran, Nicholas 50 Warrant. Brodick, Nicholas 100 Mifflin tract. •Bmtherline, Charles Brown, Basil Lot. Breckem-idge, Mary 100 London tract. Buchanan, George 2110 " " i Bittle.John 130 Deed. Bailey, Joseph Beatty, John Bowers, Mary 210 Manor. Bradon, John 100 Warrant. Brown, John 200 Deed. Bell, Samuel •Bind, Benjamin (tanner) Lots. Corls, Frederick ¦ Caldwell, David 100 Warrant. Caldwell, Charles ; 200 " Caldwell, Robert 300 Caldwell, William Oavener, Joseph 200 Warrant. traffl»,l Peter (distillery) 200 Deed. w-yder, Michael (2 mills, tannery) 200 Warrant. '¦ Cresswell, David....-* Caster, Philip !.'.'.'.'..!'.""!"" !."." Canou, John, Esq .'.'.'".".'.".'."!! 160 London tract. „.„ ' " 1 200 Manor. Ciller, Daniel Cobb.Jacob Chamber.*, Thomas !!..........!".."!'..... ...". 5"1! Philip !„'...,' 200 Warrant. Drake, Abraham •Dean, Klbridge .'.!!!!!,".".".' ".'.'.' Dean. John Z'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.Z'.'. 200 Warrant. Decker, Nicholas Deardolph, Abraham "!!""!""!"""" .'.'.'.'.' 1 Also called Graffius. Acres. ?Davidson, John 200 London tract. Deruth, Abraham 100 Warrant. Dean, James 202 " Dean, Abraham Dodds, Andrew 150 Warrant. Dougherty, Daniel (2 slaves) 160 " Donuldsou, Andrew (distillery, 3 slaves) 139 Manor. Donaldson, MoseB 200 Deed. Dick, James 300 Improvement. Dickey, M OSes 200 Warrant. Drake, Benjamin 84 Deed. David, John Doughty, Bernard *Elliott, Benjamin (2 Blaves) 80 Patent. Entriken, James 160 Warrant. *F,vaus, Mark Eaton, David 200 Warrant. Edinistun, ThomaB 230 Deed. Fulton, James *Flgot, Peter , ?Fletter, Philip ?Fletcher, Archibald 150 London tract. Findley, John Findley, Archibald Fox, Henry Fee, John, Sr 175 Smith tract. Fee, John, Jr Green, Charles 100 Warrant. Griffith, John Guthrie, George Glazier, Daniel (distillery) 200 Smith tract. Gillespie, James 50 Improvement. George, Joseph ?Gnlbrealh, Robert Lots. Gibson, James ?Humbard, Michael Lots. * ?Huffman, I'eter " ?Hamilton, Peter " ?Hall, Jacob (deceased) " ?Haiues, Abraham " Hngle, Henry 70 Warrant. Haven, Valentine 150 London tract. Hicks, John 200 Warrant. Holliugshead, John 100 Located. Heffner, John 198 Deed. Hagey, Adam 100 Warrant. Hare, Michael (distillery) Hysop, Samuel 70 Deed. Harkins, Samuel 70 Warrant. Haunafolt, Christopher Hare, Jacob 50 Warrant. Hunter, Edward 487 " Henderson, David Igo, Linde 75 Deed. Isop, Samuel Jackson, George (distillery) 116 ^Warrant. Jackson, George (on Ridge) 100 Jobnstun, John 200 Deed. Jones, Levi 300 Warrant. Johnslon, Thomas, Jr 50 " JohiiBton, Thomas, Sr 150 " Jarrard. "Nathaniel (mill, negroeB) 300 " Kelley, Josiah 109 Mifflin tract. ?Keller, Daniel Lots. Kennedy, David, Sr 150 Kennedy, David, Jr 150 Knave, John 300 Warrant. ?Knave, Jacob 240 " Kenter, Johu Kenter, Peter • Knave, Henry (distillery) 400 Warrant. Kennedy, James 300 Smith tract. Kelley, James 70 Improvement. Kenyon, David, Dr 150 Deed Fex. ?Light, John Lots. ?Laird, Jacob (tannery) " Lloyd, Henry, Sr (four slaves, distillery).... 350 Deed. Lloyd, Henry, Jr 100 " Llovd, David 150 " Lewis, Joshua 130 London tract. Lutz, Michael Loage, John 150 Improvement. Longbettle, Frederick 100 London tract. Louderslager, George 200 Warrant. Murray, William 200 ?Mosser, Christian (distillery) Lots. ?McCartney, Heury " Mitchel, Robert 50 Warrant. ?McConnell, Alexander 100 ?Moore, William ?Martin, George Mears, Jacob 300 Warrant. Maffitt, William 150 Smith tract. Mcllvain, William 260 London tract. McGinness, James 100 Warrant. ?McGuire, Patrick 100 Patented. Montgomery, George McGuire, Bartholomew 80 Deed. Musselman, Widow 130 *' Marks, John 100 " Mitchell, John 180 Warrant. 330 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Acres. Musser, George 100 Improvement. McOulgern, Neal 70 " Mclntire, John 200 Mays, Samuel 50 Warrant. ?McKinney, Samuel 389 Smith tract. Montgomery, Samuel 150 Manor. Moote, John LotB. Myers, Jacob 300 Warrant. Nowling, Nicholas 150 Smith tract. Newcomer, Christopher 100 London tract. OakB, John 200 Deed. Priestley, Jonathan Patton, John 100 Warrant. ?Patton, Robert Lots. ?Parks, James Parks, John 200 London tract. Prigmore, Joseph, Sr 200 Doed. Prigmore, Joseph, Jr 300 " Richards, Daniel 140 Mifflin tract. Richards, Edward 100 " " ?Ramsey. Archibald Lots. ?Ryan, William " ?Reynolds, George 200 Warrant. Robinson, Richard Ricketts, Nathan 180 Warrant. Russell, Thomas 100 " Roe, John Ross, John Robertson, Robert Swenk, Conrad 150 Mifflin. Sells, John 150 " ?Simpson, Mathew Lots. Smith, Henry.... " ?Sell, Anthony ?Sell, Ludwig (slave) 224 Warrant. ?Simpson, John (distillery) Lots. ?Stephens, Peter " ?Stroup, Simon " ?Swoope, Peter " Shultz, ilenry Smith, Henry Spencer, Robert 100 Warrant. Spencer, John 200 London tract. Stover, Christian (two mills) 110 Warrant. ?Staglader. George Lois. Sharer, John (two mills) 75 Located. Slider, John ?Tanner, Hugh Lots. Tracy, Thomas Tickerhoof, Frederick 150 London tract. Thornton, John 200 Warrant. Tipton, Shadrach Vandevender, Peter (one slave) 150 Warrant. Weaver, Peter White, William White, Joseph Walker, George 100 Improvement. Williams, James 200 London tract. Williams, John 154 Manor. Wilson, John 50 Improvement. Wilson, James 50 " Wilson, David 50 " Wa-son, William 40 Located. Worrell, Isaac 200 London tract. Wilcox, James 100 Warrant. Wurtz, John 150 " Weston, George 06 " Wilkins, Edward Toung, John 100 Warrant. Single Freemen. Barnes, Joseph (lots). Buchanan, George. Bowers, Hugh. Canon, Henry (lots). Caldwell, Robert. Cryder, Israel (lots). ?Dewitt. William (lots). ?Eby, George (brewery). ?Fockler, George (lots). ?Fox, Henry. Gorsuch, Nathan (300 a. warrant). Hicks, John. Henderson, Andrew (lots). Hare, Daniel. Hunter, James. Hunter, David. Hazlett, Samuel. Hamilton, John. ?Kerr, William (lots). Kerr, George (lota). Kennedy, Samuel. Luther, Conrad. Musselman, Henry. ?McCoy, William (lots). McMurtrie, David. McKinn, Robert. Parks, John, Jr. Ramsey, Samuel. Smith, T. D. (lots). ?Saxton, John (lots). Swenk, George. Wilson, Robert. Toung, Robert. Toung, William. Non-residents owning houses in Huntingdon in 1788. — Hugh Davidson Joseph George, Fred. Ashbough, Jacob Mong, George Knoplough, Josiah Canan, John Blythe. In 1810 there were within the territory embraced by the old township one hundred and thirty-four sin gle freemen, and two hundred and thirty-seven villaee lots having one hundred and sixty-two houses thereon. Of manufacturing interests there were six grist- eight saw-, and one hemp-mill, eight tan-yards one brewery, and nineteen distilleries. The number of slaves was reduced to one. Four years later the town ship was divided into Porter and Henderson. Among the pioneers named in the foregoing lists was Nathan Gorsuch, who was one of the first perma nent settlers of what is now Oneida. In 1786 he came from Baltimore County, Md., being at that time a single man, and located in the neighborhood of what is now Centre Union, where he lived until his death in 1844. His descendants yet remain in that locality, and the family has always been identified with the history of the township. Nathan Gorsuch was one of the early surveyors, yet at the same time carried on the improvements on his farm, being assisted, it is said, by several negroes who came into the county as slaves. The land he settled on had been warranted to William Murray, from whom Murray's Run took its name, and who had probably the first house be tween Huntingdon and McAlevy's Fort. On several occasions he had to seek the protection afforded by the fort at Standing Stone, and once in the absence of the family their cabin was pillaged of such effects as the Indians fancied. Among the improvements on the place where Gor such became the owner were several apple-trees, which yet remain in fruitful condition, although more than one hundred years old. Near where stood the Murray cabin was an immense sugar-tree, which was cut down in 1875, when it measured more than twelve feet in circumference. It had been tapped for the purpose of making sugar more than ninety years, and actually yielded twelve hundred pounds of sugar, When the tree was worked up, tomahawk marks were found upon it which had been made when it was but three feet in circumference, showing that the valley was a favorite roaming-place of the red men centuries ago. Nathan Gorsuch was married to Temperance Kelley, of Henderson township, who survived her husband eleven years, departing this life about 1855. They reared a family composed of a son Thomas, who lived in Henderson until 1844, when he removed to Illinois ; Jesse died a young man ; Elijah lived on the homestead in Oneida until his death in April, 1880 ; and Joshua and Stephen are yet citizens of Oneida. His daughters were married as follows: Rachel to Nathan Lewis, who moved to Indiana County ; Sarah to William McDivitt, of Oneida, who died at Huntingdon in March, 1880; Jane to Francis Jackson, and died about 1856 ; and Nancy became the wife of Daniel Crownover. Robert McDivitt, a native of Ireland, settled in Shirley township, in the neighborhood of Mount Union, about 1790, and died in that locality about ONEIDA TOWNSHIP. 331 1810. He was the husband of Nancy Campbell, and the father of four children named William, L Matthew, Mary, and Martha. The first of these, William McDivitt, was born in 1799, and at the proper age was apprenticed to John Livingston, of Oneida, to learn carpentry. He subsequently mar ried Sarah Gorsuch, and lived in the township until his death in 1873. His wife died at Huntingdon in 1880. Their children were Nathan G., living on the homestead in Oneida ; Robert, a journalist, living at ! Huntingdon ; Jane, who married Thomas Pi Love ; 'and Nancy, who married Samuel Neal. Matthew 'McDivitt, the brother of William, lived and died in 'Porter township. His sister Martha lived in the "same neighborhood as the wife of Isaac Brenneman ; land Mary was the wife of Alexander Stewart, of ^ Oneida township. a John Stewart, an Irishman, lived on a farm adjoin- "ing the Gorsuch place, on what was known as " Corn '•Hill," where he died many years ago. His family '''consisted of James, Alexander, Robert, John P., RJane (who married Elijah Greene, of Oneida), and ?"Elizabeth (who married James Gillam, of the same B1township), being the only survivor of the family. "James Stewart resided many years on the Henry "'Wilson farm, and reared a large family. He was the "father of John G. Stewart, of Mount Union ; Alex- bander, the second son, spent the greater part of his life in Oneida, rearing children, among whom were kuMrs. B.F. Brown, of Shaver's Creek, and David Por slrter Stewart ; Robert, the third son, after living many ,iiyears in Jackson, removed to the West ; John P., the Biyoungest, reared a large family, some of the members ^living in Huntingdon, and others occupying the Ksuhomestead in Oneida. kji The settlement of William Carter was probably jsjearlier than that of John Stewart. As early as 1790 jjjlie lived on Murray's Run, on the Hall farm, and set uiiioutsome peach-trees at an early day, which are yet ,j)[in bearing. His son Robert moved to Centre County, ,jf;and Lewis and William accompanied their father to jjjjOhio, which became their future residence. jD Willison Wheeler was a pioneer above Carter's, (^nd Joshua Kelley below, near Centre Union. |j Nicholas Decker, of German descent, but whose tjiwife was of Welsh extraction, settled below Centre yUnion, on the creek, and near Standing Stone Ridge, ^about the period of the Revolution. He was killed ^about 1811, while felling trees for saw-logs. He had j»ns named Peter, John, Nicholas, and Michael. jSeveral of the daughters married Valentine Peightal, jAdam Hagy, and Jacob Nagle. The son Peter died in the Round Top neighborhood, where his family Removed. John lived on the homestead until his ;(feath, which thereafter became the property of his »n John. Another son, Nicholas, resides in Hunt ingdon. The third son, Nicholas, lived and died on (Shaver's c™ek, and Michael had his abode near Mc- veytown. Jacob White came to America about 1755, and settled in Berks County, but about 1770 came to Hunt ingdon, making his home not far from where Alex andria now is. At the breaking out of the war he returned to the eastern part of the State, where he remained until 1781, when he came back to Hunting don, and in a few years settled on the farm which is yet occupied by his grandson, A. P. White, and on which is a log house which was built in 1790. This building is one of the oldest landmarks in the town ship, and served half a century and longer ago as a preaching-place for Jacob Gruber and other pioneer ministers of the Methodist Church. Other improve ments, in the way of orchard-trees, also remained. In the family of Jacob White was reared Polly An derson, who yet lives at Huntingdon. Mr. White died in 1830, and his wife probably three years later. Their daughter Mary married John Miller. John White, the oldest son, lived in Barree and reared a large family, some of the descendants yet living in Blair County. Jacob, the second son, lived and died on part of the homestead. He was the father of ten children, among them being William B. White, of Penn township, the father of Professor White, of Huntingdon ; Jacob, a Methodist minister in Indiana; and John, a captain of a Mississippi River steamer. Henry White, the third son, married Hettie Ramsey, of Huntingdon, and lived on the homestead until his death in 1852, aged sixty-two years. He was the father of A. P. White, yet living on the homestead ; of Henry White, an attorney, who died at Huntingdon in 1863 ; and of George, who died in the army in 1862. A daughter, Ellen, married Frederick Gross, of Bar ree township. Elisha Greene, a native of Maryland, became a citi zen of Oneida about 1800. He settled first on War rior's Ridge, but not liking the location made his home in the valley near Donation, where he had a fine sugar-camp, which proved very useful to him in early times. He died in April, 1863, on the property now owned by his grandson, Barton Greene. Of his sons, Charles lived and died in the neighborhood. He was a carpenter by trade, and made many of the arks which floated down the Juniata. The second son, George, lived on the homestead until his death in 1870, aged seventy-eight years. He was the father of Foster, Barton, and Charles Greene, the former removing to Illinois, and Barton being a merchant at Huntingdon. Elijah, the third son, also died on part of the homestead about 1847. For many years pre vious he was a helpless invalid. His sons were Rob ert Greene, of Huntingdon ; John, of Miller township; Elisha and James, of Oneida. The daughters of Elisha Greene married James Stewart, Nicholas Decker, and the father of Dr. J. G. Camp, who lives on a part of the Greene tract, in the northern part of Oneida. Joseph G. Camp, surgeon dentist, of Oneida town ship, is a native of Mifflin County, having been born 332 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. in McVeytown in 1830. He lost his parents when quite young, and was reared by his grandfather, Charles Green, then living on the farm now owned and occupied by Dr. Camp, in Oneida township. He farmed with his grandfather until about 1855, when he turned his attention to the study of dentistry. He was with Drs. Moore and Locke as a student some time, and becoming fairly proficient, practiced in Huntingdon County to some extent from 1858 to 1863. In the latter year he took a course at the Pennsylva nia College of Dental Surgery, and in the spring of 1864 graduated. From 1864 to 1867 he practiced dentistry in Huntingdon County, and in the latter year he proceeded to Philadelphia, where he was asso ciated with Dr. S. R. Screven as a partner one year. From Philadelphia he went to Columbia, Lancaster Co., where he spent eighteen months in his profession, at the end of that time removing to the old farm in Huntingdon County, which he had purchased upon the death of his grandfather in December, 1863. After a brief rest he located in Altoona and resumed practice with Dr. Miller, formerly one of his students. He was in Altoona two years, and returning once more to Huntingdon County, made his home perma nently upon his farm in 1877, and to the present time has devoted himself to industrious practice. In the same neighborhood among the early settlers were Adam Stuckey, Christian Oyer, and John El- lenberger. A part of the improvements made by them now belong to Henry Wilson, who has lived in that locality since 1835, coming from Chester County. He is well known throughout the county as a sur veyor. The Ellenberger family moved to the Half- Moon Valley, and the farm is now occupied by Joseph McCracken. Christian Miller was a pioneer of the same period, living as a tenant on the farms now owned by Daniel Kypher and others. His sons, John and Samuel, lived in the neighborhood of the Warm Springs; George died in Miller township ; Henry in Hunt ingdon ; Jacob on a farm below Warm Springs, on which now lives R. A. Miller. His daughters mar ried Jacob Ellenberger, David Hazzard, and Abel W. K. Corbin, the latter yet living at Centre Union. A settler of a more recent period was William Fos ter, by birth an Irishman. He was a man of more than ordinary enterprise, and was a contractor for many years. He built the present jail at Hunting don, of which the carpenter-work was done by Wil liam McDivitt. His home in Oneida was on Stand ing Stone Creek, where now lives his son, James T., who, like his father, is a lumber manufacturer. An other son, David H., resides at Mapleton ; John C. died in California; William was a scout in the United States service, and participated in the Modoc war in Northern California; Lucy Ann became the wife of John P. Stewart; and Mary Ellen, of Robert S. Greene. Henry Wilson, ex-county surveyor, and a well- known farmer, was born in West Nantmeal township Chester Co., Pa., Dec. 13, 1823. His grandfather' John Wilson, emigrated from Ireland to America in 1797, his (John's) two brothers, Thomas and Robert having previously (in 1794) crossed the sea and made their homes in Cayuga County, N. Y. John- reached this country with a wife and five children, and after stopping a year in Montgomery County, Pa., he pur chased a farm in Chester County, and there spent his days. Robert, one of his sons, who was born in Ire land in August, 1787, and died in Huntingdon County, Feb. 7, 1865, was bred to the shoemaking business, afterwards carried on a fulling-mill and saw-mill, and came in time to be one of the best-known men in Ches ter County. Robert Wilson married Barbara, daugh ter of Christian Kurtz, a famous miller of Chester County. Of Robert Wilson's twelve children only Henry and J. K. Wilson are living. In April, 1835, Robert Wilson started from Chester County afoot for Ohio, where he intended to buy a farm. En route, hearing of a chance to buy a good place in Huntingdon County, he turned aside and purchased two hundred acres in what is now Oneida township. He paid nine hundred dollars for the tract, In November, 1835, he moved out with his family. Henry Wilson left home at the age of twenty-one, and worked two summers for Miles Lucas. In 184' he assisted in the building of a barn for his father, and for two years thereafter worked at carpentering. Beginning in the winter of 1846, he taught school for ONEIDA TOWNSHIP. 333 *i eleven successive years, first in Barree township, and *i Inter in Henderson, Barree, Oneida, West, and Porter. ^January, 1859, he married Susanna J., daughter of George McCrum, of Huntingdon County, and after iihis marriage he moved to the old homestead in Oneida, which is now owned conjointly by his brother J. K. and himself. The study of mathematics and surveying engaged I his earnest attention when a youth, and as oppor- tunity served he sought to increase his knowledge therein by practice as well as theory, for to become a surveyor was with him an ardent desire. In due time his hopes were rewarded, and in connection with farm ing he followed the business of surveying, and as a surveyor grew to be well known. In 1865, Mr. Wil son was appointed by the court to fill the unexpired Wterm of Mr. Eshleman, county surveyor, who died Iwhile in office. This appointment, made at urgent popular demand, was a graceful tribute to Mr. Wil- lon's capacity, as well as to the personal esteem in irhich/he was held, since he not only did not seek the ippc-intment but knew nothing about the matter until i week after the appointment had been made. His line of policy strongly opposed the holding of office is far as himself was concerned, and it was morally sertain that had he been consulted he would not have permitted his name to be used. He served in his t office with such acceptability that, against his wish, 'be was re-elected twice thereafter. Since his retire ment he has continued in the field as an active sur veyor, and between that occupation and farming finds his hands briskly occupied. He has been a township " ichool director for six years, and in other minor local trusts has not been backward. He was early a Dem ocrat, later a Whig, and is now a stanch Greenbacker, .believing firmly that to the general government should be delegated the exclusive privilege of issuing the money currency of the country. . A number of changes have taken place in the pop- ' ulation of Oneida, many who were there formerly en gaged in lumbering, on the decline of that interest removing to other localities. The property -roll of 1857, the year following the organization of the town ship, contained the following names : :,' Acres. Acres. "Anderson, John P. (per A.' >S, $"•!"") 200 Allison, Andrew Blair, David 40 Arnett, Samuel 21 ('Bricker, William (one hack) ^Cunningham, Josiah 100 • Cornelius, John, Jr. (tenant) !iiCochrane,Juhn 45 Coy, John (tenant) *> ecker, Samuel (tenant) Backer, Nicholas 86 TOoker, Peter H 140 Avid, John C 192 •'Evans, Mark 100 ifEvans, Holland (heirs) 96 1 Foster, Josiah fteene, Charles '.' i'7'5 Greene, Elijah (heirs) .'. 75 llflreone George 100 jmen, JameB (per George Mil- . 1M) 300 igonrach, Jesse (lot) Hughes, William.... 100 Hamilton, James 200 Hetrick, Samuel 50 Hall, John (Baw-mill) 279 Hare, David.. 147 Jackson, Francis 110 Kimberlin, George 3 Livingston, John, Sr. 200 Livingston, William (tenant) Logan, John (tenant) McCartney, James B 150 McDivitt, Nathan 190 McDivitt, William (tenant) Moore, James .... 89 Miller, George 80 Miller, Henry S. (tenant) McCracken, James (Baw-mill). 127 Miles, Juhn G. (saw-mill) 371 McCuol, George 109 Miller, Abijah B. (tenant) McCartney, Robert. 50 Peightal, Samuel 279 Prior, Henry Rankin, William (tavern at Warm Springs) Acres. Reed & Bricker (saw-mill) 270 Shank, Nicholas 100 Stewart, Alexander (tenant) Steel, John 82 Stewart, John P. (saw-mill).... 250 Ste>-1, Henry 38 Smith, Andrew 185 Acres. Smith, William 110 Silknitter, Solomon 180 Walker, Paul O. (tenant) Whltesill, David no Wilson, Robert 200 Walker, Andrew 62 White, Adolphus P.... 193 Single Freemen. Beltz, David. Corbin, Benjamin. Corbin, Elisha. Corbin, Elijah. Camp, Joseph G. Decker, John. Evans, Asahel. Evans, Jesse. Evans, Abraham. Foster, James (144 acres), Foster, William. Greene, John A. Greene, Charles. Greene, Barton (merchant). Hamilton, Joseph N. Miller, Jacob H. Read, Isaac. Steel, William. Steel, Jacob. Steel, Samuel. Stewart, Anderson. Stewart, Palmer L. Silknitter, John. Wilson, Henry. Wilson, Andrew P. (1629 acres). The township has at present, (1881) only about three hundred and fifty inhabitants. Civil Organization.— The movement to organize this township was made as early as November, 1852, when K. L. Green, John Porter, and Hays Hamilton were appointed commissioners to view and divide West township. They reported on the 15th day of March, 1853, that a division was expedient and necessary, and that a new township should be formed for the ac commodation of the people of the eastern part of West and the western part of Henderson townships. Yielding to the remonstrance of a number of citizens, the court did not confirm the report, but referred it back to the same commissioners for a review and to hear all remonstrances against and claims for the proposed division. The final report was as follows : "And now, 8th April, 185i, Hays Hamilton and John Porter, two of the foregoing commissioners, to whom was referred the foregoing report, dated January 23d, last met at the house of Isaac Neff, in the borough of Petersburg, and proceeded to hear the petitions and remonstrances for and against the division of the Baid West township, and after hear ing, from the representations made, are of the opinion that a division of said township would be for the benefit of all concerned, and do decide that said townBhip of West should be divided agreeably to the prayers of the petitioners: Beginning at the Limekiln Hollow, on the banks of the Juniata, at the corner of West and Henderson townships; thence to the summit of Warrior's Ridge, north forty-nine and one-half de grees east two thousand and thirty-eight perches, to a point on the line between Barree and West townships, near the house and on the farm of Henry Whitesell, deceased. The northwestern part to retain the name of West township, and the southeastern part to be called by such name as the court may designate. " And now, 20th August, 1856, it is considered by the court and ordered that the foregoing report be and the same is hereby approved, and the eastern township Is called Oneida," Jan. 24, 1857, the Centre Union school-house (near Gorsuch's) was selected as the place where the annual election should be held, and John Logan was ap pointed judge, and Adolphus P. White and John P. Stewart, inspectors of the election. In January, 1859, John Cresswell, George Eby, and John Garner were appointed commissioners to inquire into the propriety of forming two new townships out of Henderson and Oneida. They reported, June 15th of that year, that in their opinion the division of the two townships, to accord with the prayers of the pe- 334 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. titioners, was practicable, and submitted a plot of the proposed bounds with a report on the same, which was absolutely confirmed by the court on the 19th day of June, 1860. By this decree the bounds of Oneida were extended so as to include all that part of Henderson lying west of Standing Stone Ridge and Murray Run. The two townships retain essen tially the same bounds to this day. When the change was made the place of holding the elections was also changed from Centre Union to the Warm Springs. The following have been the principal officers of Oneida township : SUPERVISORS. 1857, James Moore, 0. Stewart; 1858, James Moore, John Hall ; 1859, Henry Wilson, David Hare; 1860, Daniel Prough, Henry Wilson; 1861, Elisha Shoemaker, George Green; 1862, Samuel Thompson, James McCracken ; 1863, Elijah Gorsuch, John C. Davis ; 1864, Wil liam V. Miller, William Hughes; 1865, Elisha Shoemaker, David Whitesill; 1866, Daniel Kyper, David W. Wald6mith ; 1867, Abel Corbin, Benjamin Corbin ; 1868, Jacob Brongh, Joseph McCracken ; 1869, John Cochran; Abel Corbin ; 1870-71, Joseph McCracken, R. Drennen ; 1872, J. P. Stewart, R. Drennen ; 1673, H. S. Miller, George Kemberling; 1874, Michael Ealey, A. P. White; 1876, A. P. White, Michael Ealey; 1876, M. Ealey, J. Miller, E. Greene; 1877, W. V. Miller, JoBeph McCracken; 1878, Daniel Kyper, Joseph McCracken; 1879, A. P. White, M. V. Miller; 1880, Joseph McCracken, Michael Ealey ; 1881, David Blair, Michael Ealey. AUDITORS. 1857, A. P. White, J. C.Davis, Solomon Silknitter; 1858, Solomon Silk nitter; 1859, N. G. McDivitt; 1860, William McDivitt; 1861, Samuel Fridley ; 1862, Jacob Miller ; 1863, William McDivitt, Jesse Gorsuch ; 1864, Samuel Thompson; 1865, Jacob Miller; 1866, Joseph Mc Cracken; 1867, Samuel Neal; 1868, Jacob Miller; 1869, William McDivitt; 1870-71, J. Miller; 1872, William McDivitt ; 1873, Henry Wilson ; 1874, J. Miller, J. W. Waldsmitb ; 1875, Joseph McCracken ; 1876, James W. Green ; 1877, Elijah Gorsuch ; 1878, John E. Davis; 1879, John A. Greene ; 1880, James T. Foster; 1881, A. P. White. General Business Interests. — Aside from the manufacture of lumber and agriculture, nothing of noteworthy importance has been carried on in the township except a few country stores, there being no villages or hamlets within the bounds of Oneida. On Murray's Run, Nathan Gorsuch had a saw-mill about the beginning of the century, which was aban doned so long since that no traces of it remain. So also the saw-mill near the McDivitt place, which was operated about the same time, can be located only by an old raceway. A mill erected by John P. Stewart more than fifty years ago, and which was last operated by Hezekiah Greene, has passed away. Another mill, built by Stewart- at a less remote period, has but recently been removed by Joseph Camp. On Mur ray's Run, John Hall got in operation a saw-mill thirty years ago, which is the property of James S. Hall, but is now idle. On the same stream, but within the bounds of Henderson, is a mill owned by William Shilling, which is yet in working order; and at Centre Union, on Brown's Run, Stephen Gorsuch has had in operation a saw-mill for the past ten years. One of the oldest and best-known water-powers is that which operates Foster's mill, which was first carried on by William Foster, and at present is the property of his son, James T. Foster. Very large quantities of lumber have been manufactured there, and in con nection the manufacture of packet-boats for the canal It is stated, on the authority of Robert McDivitt that the first boat that plied the waters of the canal was launched there one Sabbath morning in the summer of 1831. As the " Lady of the Lake" left her dock in the tail-race of the mill and gracefully passed down the waters of the Standing Stone, the assembled throng vented their admiration in hearty cheers, which must have been very gratifying to the projectors of this enterprise. Subsequently all the boats for D. Leach's packet line were built there, under the direct tion of the brothers David and James Stevens, who came from New York for this purpose, and a regular boat-yard was maintained several years. But prior to this Charles Greene built arks in the township floating them down the creek into the river, where they performed an important part in the carrying trade of that day. The beauty and virtues of the Warm Springs com mended that locality many years ago as a suitable place for a public-house, and entertainment has been dispensed there more or less since 1800 by landlords,: whose stay, generally, was not continued beyond a few years. After the property passed from the New- inghams to Gen. A. P. Wilson, the latter erected a hotel of good capacity, and designed more particu larly for the accommodation of guests who frequented the place as a summer resort. For several seasons the Springs' hotel enjoyed a liberal patronage, but the too frequent change of management and other causes acted so adversely that the house was closed, and the place is now practically abandoned, notwith standing that the springs and the surroundings are as favorable for the purpose of making a resort as many others in the country. For several years a post-office was there maintained, which bore the name of Wil- sonia, and of which Mrs. William Rankin was the postmistress. Donation post-office, on the same road as Warm Springs, several miles farther up the valley, was es tablished about 1856, with Barton Greene as post master, a position he yet holds, although the active duties of the office are discharged by a deputy. The office took its name from the Donation school-house in that neighborhood, which was erected in 1833 by the united efforts of the community, when John Camerer, an old teacher, suggested that the house be designated by the above title. When the post-office was established it was kept in the grocery-store of Barton Greene, who followed Stephen Moore in that trade ; and after the removal of Greene to Corn- propst's Mills, in the course of a few years, the office was taken to that point, still retaining the name of Donation. In the spring of 1872, Mr. Greene re turned to the old stand, and the office was re-estab lished at Donation proper. Meantime, the Wilsonia post-office had its existence, which ceased about this time. In 1872, Mr. Greene opened a good general ONEIDA TOWNSHIP. 335 store which he carried on until 1880, when the busi ness was discontinued. The present deputy of the post-office is Dr. M. R. Evans, and his predecessor was A. B. Gillam. The first mail service was from Huntingdon to Ennisville, but the present route ex tends only to Cornpropst's Mills. The service is semi-weekly, and the office is the only one in the township. On Murray's Run is a cluster of houses approach ing a hamlet in appearance, the locality being known as Centre Union, or Murraysville. A small store was kept there a number of years by1 Elijah Gorsuch, and since his death a similar business has been carried on by the Rote family. Small mechanic shops are owned by members of the same family. The place contains, besides, a Baptist Church and a good school building. Educational and Religious.— One of the first schools in the township was taught about 1810, in a small log house which stood near where Centre Union now is. James Stewart was the teacher, and among the pupils were children belonging to the Brown, Gorsuch, Stewart, Echelberger, Simpson, and Decker families. Mary Anderson was also a pupil there, and Nathan Gorsuch and an Englishman named Feltwell were among the teachers of an early period. The old-time school buildings have been displaced by a better class of houses, and there is a commendable interest in the cause of education. In 1881 there were three buildings in the township, in each of which a male teacher taught a five months' school, at an average salary of twenty-seven dollars per month. The male pupils enrolled numbered fifty-five; the females, fifty-two; the average attendance being sixty-two. The total amount expended for all school purposes was four hundred and ninety-eight dollars and eighty-two cents. Since the organization of the township the directors have been as follows : SCHOOL DIRECTORS. 1857, David Hare, Henry Wilson, A. P. White, Johu Hall, William Liv ingston, Benjamin Corbin ; 1858, N. G. McDivitt, Samuel Peightal ; 1859, Henry S. Miller, A. P. White; 1860, William V. Miller, J. A. ,, Greene, Elisha Shoemaker, Stephen Gorsuch; 1861, A. P.White, . William A. Kelly, Charles Greene, Samuel Fridley; 1862, Elisha Shoemaker, Jacob Greene, Samuel Thompson ; 1863, Henry Wilson, Jesse Gorsuch, Samuel Hess, Daniel Kyper, John Kaufman, N. G. McDivitt; 1864, Benjamin Corbin, Elisha Shoemaker; 1865, A. P. White, Daniel Kyper, Andrew Smith; 1866, Samuel Hess, Henry WilBon ; 1867, Elisha Shoemaker, Andrew Smith ; 1868, A. P. White, Joseph McCracken ; 1869, N. G. McDivitt, Charles Greene ; 1870-71, A. P. White, Thomas Gorsuch ; 1872, John Graham, James Greene, Samuel Hess; 1873, Elisha Shoemaker, J. N. Greene; 1874, A. P. White, H. S. Miller ; 1875, A. Hess, James Blair ; 1 876, J. K. Wilson, John Summers, G. W. C. James; 1877, A. P. White, Samnel Neal ; 1878, James Greene, S. Hess ; 1879, Elisha Greene, H. S. Miller ; 1880, James S. Hall, A. P. White ; 1881, James Greene, Daniel Kyper. Donation Methodist Episcopal Church.— It ap pears that the Methodists were the first persuasion to maintain regular worship in what now constitutes Oneida township. At the house of Jacob White a small class met statedly as early as 1803, which had as its leader Mark Evans, and among its members the White family, Rolland and Griffith Evans, Isaac Greene, and the wife and daughter of a man named Fulton, who lived near the Warm Springs. At long intervals preaching was held at the same place by the ministry of that period. Chief among these was the Rev. Jacob Gruber. He was so highly esteemed by the people of the county that a brief sketch of his life will be read with interest. Jacob Gruber was born in Lancaster County, Pa., Feb. 3, 1778, of German parents, belonging to the Lutheran Church. At the age of fifteen years he was converted while attending Methodist meetings, and, much against the will of his parents, joined the Methodist Church. On account of this act he was forced to leave his home, but a rec onciliation enabled him to return and worship accord ing to his preference. But he manifested so much zeal in the spiritual welfare of his neighbors that he was the second time compelled to leave home, being about this time twenty-one years of age. Not knowing what to do, he started on foot for Lancaster City, and on the way met a Methodist preacher, who urged him to begin preaching at once by filling a vacancy on a certain cir cuit. He spent all the money he had and started to the field of labor which had been pointed out to him. The following year he was regularly received by the Phil adelphia Conference, and his appointments extended through the State from New Jersey to West Virginia, and covering more than that entire breadth from north to south. As a circuit preacher he served thirty-two years, and although opposed to station-work, yet he filled acceptably for seven years appointments in Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington. He was somewhat eccentric in manner, but was nevertheless a devoted, useful minister, winning the highest esteem from his colleagues, one of whom said, " A more hon est man never lived, a braver soldier of the cross never wielded the sword of the spirit. As a preacher, he was original ; his power of irony, sarcasm, and ridi cule were tremendous." He had no children, and devised his estate to charitable institutions. He died at Lewistown, Pa., May 25, 1850, full of the spirit of the Master whom he had so faithfully served. Owing to the removal of some of the early mem bers of the Methodist class in Oneida, what interest remained was absorbed by. the Manor Hill Church, although meetings were sometimes held in the school- house at Donation. In 1870 money was raised to build a house of worship in the township, and in the fall of the following year the present church edifice was dedicated by the presiding elder of the district, the Rev. A. W. Clippinger, being the preacher in charge of Manor Hill Circuit, to which Donation be longed. The house is a plain but neatly-built frame, and cost in the neighborhood of two thousand dollars. It stands on a lot of ground donated by Barton Greene, while the cemetery lot, on the opposite side of the street, was donated by David Waldsmith. The first board of trustees was composed of John P. Stew art, David Waldsmith, A. P. White, Henry Wilson, Charles Greene, George Kemberlin, and Elisha 336 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Greene. The latter still serves as trustee, and is also the leader of the membership here, about thirty in all. The additional trustees are A. P. White, Barton Greene, David Waldsmith, and Henry Wilson. The Centre Union Baptist Church was organized Nov. 17, 1873, of sixteen members who withdrew from the Stone Creek Baptist Church for this pur pose, namely, Elijah Gorsuch, Stephen Gorsuch, J. S. Warfel, Ruth Warfel, N. G. McDivitt, Susan Mc Divitt, Samuel Gorsuch, Mary Gorsuch, Peniah Mor rison, J. B. Warfel, Samuel Neal, Nancy Neal, Martha M. Neal, Catherine McElwain, Mary T. Warfel. At the council assembled to recognize the church dele gates were present from Huntingdon, Mill Creek, Shaver's Creek, Stone Creek, and Scottsville Churches. K. Z. Green was the moderator, and R. McDivitt the secretary of the council. Thomas Gorsuch became the first clerk of the church, and has served continu ously since, except in 1877, when William B. Miller filled that position. Elijah Gorsuch was the first dea con, and Stephen Gorsuch and John Warfel are the present deacons. The latter, Henry Miller, and N. G. McDivitt are the present trustees of the meet ing-house, which was built by the Stone Creek Church in 1870. It is a plain frame house, but has an inviting appearance. The church was served by the Rev. J. D. Thomas from the time of its organiza tion until his death in 1878. He was baptized while a student at Lewisburg in 1862, and ordained to the ministry in 1868, becoming pastor of the Stone Creek charge the same year. In August, 1869, the Rev. W. P. Hile became the pastor of the charge, and yet main tains that relation. Centre Union Church reported forty-three members in 1880. CHAPTER L. PENN TOWNSHIP.i In 1846 the township of Hopewell was divided into two nearly equal parts, and the northern part erected into the township of Penn. Penn is bounded on the north by the townships of Walker and Juniata, on the east by Union, Cass, and Tod, on the south by Lincoln, and on the west by the county of Blair, the summits of Terrace and Tussey's Mountains forming respectively the eastern and west ern boundary lines. In area the township is about six miles from north to south, and eight from east to west. It is watered by the Raystown Branch of the Juniata, which runs along the foot of Terrace Mountain. James Creek and its tributaries and some of the tributaries of Crooked Creek also traverse the township. The surface of the country is broken by numerous 1 By J. H. Wintrode, M.D. ridges, which at some points assume the proportions of mountains, the principal ones being Redstone Mulberry, Warrior's, Backbone, Piney, and Ala- grippa, or "Allegrippus." Woodcock Valley embraces the territory lying between Warrior's Ridge and Tussey's Mountain. Although somewhat broken, it is naturally a very productive limestone soil, and most of it is in a high state of cultivation. The slate soil of "the ridges" is less productive than that of the valley, but in favor able seasons produces excellent crops. The soil of the valley of the Raystown Branch is mainly a sandy alluvium, and is also highly produc tive. Penn is rich in iron ores. There are practically •inexhaustible deposits of hematite, fossil, and levant fossil ores in the township. The hematite is found in the trough formed by Mulberry and Warrior's Ridges, and the fossils along the base of Tussey's Mountain. Unfortunately for this community, the owners of these ore lands were induced some years ago, by specious promises which were not kept, to execute perpetual leases to parties residing in other sections of the State, thereby depriving this locality of the full benefit of its great mineral wealth. Within the last eighteen years over one hundred and fifty thousand tons of this ore were shipped from Marklesburg and Grafton Stations, mainly to theCam- bria Iron Company of Johnstown, and to the furnace of the Grove Brothers, of Danville, Montour Co., Pa, At present the Grove Brothers are almost the exclu sive owners of the ore leases of the township. The old Trexler mine, at the foot of Tussey's Mountain, is now owned by Mrs. Lydia A.Patterson, and is operated by her son, Horace Patterson, Esq. Large quantities of a superior quality of ore are an nually shipped from this mine also. Lead ore has been discovered at different points on Warrior's Ridge, but so far not in any considerable quantities. Few, if any, of the descendants of the first white settlers of what is now Penn township survive. The names of Hartsock, Kough, Fleck, Freed, Bishop, Breckenridge, Keith, Roberts, Hart, Owens, McMath, and Graffius are among those that figure in its earliest history. Thomas Wilson, an Englishman, was one of the few pioneer settlers still having representatives in the township. He lived on what is known as the " Station farm," now owned by David Summers. He owned, and probably built, the first grist-mill in this section of the country. It is represented as having been very primitive in structure. It was kuown throughout the neighborhood as " Tub Mill," and stood near the site of the brick mill now owned by John S. Isett. Mr. Wilson had two sons, Levi and William, and five daughters, who were married respectively to James Entriken, William Enyeart, Samuel Glasgow, William Harvey, and William Taylor. He died PENN TOWNSHIP. 337 April, 1836, in the ninety-fifth year of his age. He is buried in the graveyard on the farm now owned by Mrs. Elizabeth Frank. Michael Garner came to Woodcock Valley from the neighborhood of Sharpsburg, Md., in the year 1789. He purchased the " improvement" of Thomas Whit- ner, and on June 20, 1794, from " John Penn, the younger, and John Penn, the older, through their at torney, Anthony Butler, two hundred and seventy-nine acres of land lying in Hopewell township, Hunting don Co., being a part of the tract known as Penn's Manor of Woodcock Valley, paying therefor £112 5s. id., current money of Pennsylvania, in specie." A part of this tract is at present owned by George Garner, one of his numerous grandsons. Mr. Garner had five sons, John, Michael, Matthew, George, and Philip, and two daughters, Susan and Mary, married respectively to Daniel Stauffer and Jacob Gruble. His descendants outnumbered those of any other family in the township. Jacob Brumbaugh emigrated from Germany, and first located near the Antietam, in Maryland, about the year 1780. He removed to Morrison's Cove in 1788, and came to Woodcock Valley in 1794. On the 4th day of August, 1800, he purchased from ! David McMurtrie a tract of land known as "Timothy 1 Meadows," on the south side of Warrior's Ridge, con- i taining two hundred and nineteen acres. The tract i was originally surveyed in pursuance of an applica- i tion, No. 1709, entered the 2d day of August, 1766, i by John Mitchell, and the patent subsequently con- i firmed to Solomon Sills. His grandson, J.acob Brum- i baugh, Sr., occupies the old homestead. Mr. Brum- i baugh was twice married. He had fifteen children, i nine sons and six daughters. David Brumbaugh, Sr., who died at Marklesburg Nov. 19, 1880, was the ; youngest of his sons. Mrs. Susannah Markley, one i of the daughters, removed with her husband many years ago to Ohio, where she died about a year ago. Jacob Grove (originally Graf, Graff, Grof, Groff, ¦ and finally Grove) came from Lancaster County, Pa., i in 1795 or 1796. He located on the farm at present owned and occupied by Benjamin H. Grove, a grand- i son, situate about two miles south of Grafton, in Woodcock Valley. He had eight children, five sons, viz., Benjamin, Daniel, Jacob, John, and Andrew, i and three daughters. Of the sons, Jacob and Andrew still reside on the Raystown Branch, in Penn town ship. One of the daughters, Mrs. V. Hoover, is still ; living, and resides at Logansport, Ind. The Grove family is one of the largest in the township. John and Peter Beightel, also from Lancaster County, set tled in Woodcock Valley at about the same time. The farms on which they located, now among the best in the township, are owned and occupied by Isaac and Daniel Beightel, Sr., sons of the pioneers of the family. Ludwig Hoover came from Maryland at an early day and settled on the Breckenridge farm, the scene 22 of the massacre by the Indians, detailed in Jones' "Juniata Valley." He had a hemp-factory, an oil- mill, and a distillery. His grandson, Ludwig Hoover, is the present owner and occupant of this historic old farm. Isaac Bowers, from Berks, and Abraham Grubb, from Bucks County, came to this valley in the early part of the present century. The former purchased a farm from John Freed, and the latter purchased the Hartsock property, on which was located Fort Hartsock, famous in the history of Woodcock Valley in Indian times. Andrew, Henry, Jacob, and John Boyer, brothers, came from Montgomery County, Pa., in 1799, and located in the vicinity of the present village of Marklesburg, where most of their descendants still reside. John and Joseph Norris came from the neighbor hood of Hagerstown, Md., located on the Raystown Branch, and were the progenitors of large and re spectable families still resident in Penn township. The Prough, Barrick, Beaver, Fink, Speck, Snare, and Geissinger families are among the older ones of the township. Marklesburg, a quie't and unpretending little vil lage, is situated in the southwestern part of the town ship, near the head of James Creek. It is distant half a mile from the Huntingdon and Broad Top Railroad, and twelve miles southwest of Hunting don, on the road leading from Huntingdon to Bed ford. David Brumbaugh and Matthew Garner were the owners of the land on which the village is located. It was a part of the tract which was for many years in dispute between the Bank of North America and the heirs of Dr. Allison. The former of the two proprietors mentioned put an end to the conflict in titles by purchasing both claims. The town was laid out in the summer of 1844 by Jacob Cresswell, surveyor, and was named in honor of Gen. Joseph Markle, the Whig candidate for Governor of Penn sylvania. The first dwelling-house in the town was erected by Jacob Skyles in 1844. Jacob Hess, Sr., is the present owner of the house. The second and third dwellings were also erected in 1844 by Frederick and Adam Garner. In the following year houses were erected by Anthony Beaver, Adam Zeigler, and others. Marklesburg has now forty-eight dwellings, two churches, — Evangelical Lutheran . and Methodist Episcopal, — one school-house, three stores, a car riage-factory, two blacksmith-shops, one harness- shop, two shoe-shops, three cabinet- and joiner-shops, and one cooper-shop. It has four clergymen and one physician. Its post-office, which retains its original name of James Creek, was established in 1840, and John B. Givin appointed first postmaster. Benjamin C. 338 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Lytle, deceased, was the second postmaster. It has two daily mails, one due at 9.55 a.m., and the other at 5.30 p.m. In August, 1873, a majority of the freeholders of the village petitioned the Court of Quarter Sessions of the county of Huntingdon for a charter of incor poration, by the style and title of " The Borough of Marklesburg." On the 19th of November in the same year the court granted the prayer of the petitioners, and by a decree constituted the village a borough, and a separate election and school district. The bounda ries of the borough were defined as follows : " Begin ning at a stone heap on the line of Lincoln and Penn townships; thence along said line south thirty -five and one-fourth degrees east one hundred and seventy- six perches to a stone heap ; thence, by lands of Henry Boyer, north forty-seven aud three-fourths degrees east two hundred and six perches to a post ; thence, by lands of Isaac Bowers and Philip Garner, north thirty-five and three-fourths degrees west one hundred and seventy-six perches to a wild cherry ; thence, by lands of Philip Garner and David Brumbaugh, south forty-seven and three-fourths degrees west two hun dred and six perches to the place of beginning." The area thus included is two hundred and twenty-six acres and eighty-five perches. (In 1881 the bounda ries were extended to include lands of D. Brumbaugh, S. Boyer, Isaac Bower, and Philip Garner.) The court fixed the first election in said borough for the election of officers provided by law at the public school-house in said borough on the 23d day of De- tember, A.D. 1873, between the hours of one o'clock P.M. and seven o'clock p.m. of said day, and designated Daniel Harris to give due notice of said election, and the manner thereof, and that John Householder be the judge, and William Smith and William Reed be the inspectors of said election. The election resulted in the choice of E. D. Beaty for burgess, and of W. R-eed, S. Johnson, A. H. Crum, P. Garner, G. B. Brumbaugh, and J. H. Wintrode for Town Council. The following persons have served in the capacity of burgess of the borough : S. Johnson, H. Huff, W. Reed, A. H. Crum, D. Brumbaugh, and A. H. John ston. John G. Beaver is present burgess. BURGESSES. 1873-74, E. D. Beatty ; 1875, S. Johnston ; 1876, H. Huff ; 1877, W. Reed ; 1878, A. H. Crum ; 1879, David Brumbaugh ; 1880-81, A. H. John ston. TOWN COUNCIL. > 1873, Philip Garner, J. H. Wintrode, William Reed, A. H. Crum, G. B. Brumbaugh, Samuel Johnston ; 1874, A. Beaver, G. Johnston, Wil liam Reed, A. H. Crum, Philip Garner, W. E. Spang ; 1875, P. Gar ner, S. H. Bower, William Reed, A. H. Crum, M. Hess, J. A. Heffner • 1876, L. Bayer, G. D. Beaty, D. Posten, E. D. Miller, W. Hirst, A. h! Johnston ; 1877, Samuel Johnston, S. Boyer, D. Brumbaugh, George Krentz, J. Beckhafer, A. H. Johnston ; 1878, A. C. Beaver, Samuel Hirst, Martin Hess, John Householder, Henry Huff, Samuel Boyer- 1879, Henry Huff, 0. C. Beaver, S. H. Boyer, H. Johnston, George Brumbaugh, W. C. Hirst ; 1880, Alfred Blotter, John W. Householder, George Krantz, William Reed, G. B. Brumbaugh, S. H. Boyer ; 1881 A. Stoller, S. Hetrick, J. W. Housshoidor, S. Johnston, I. Bowers D. Brumbaugh. CONSTABLES. 1873-74, George W. Isett; 1875, Edward Miller, S. Hess (high) • 187ft-7T J. Prough, G. W. Johnston, W. Hirst (high); 1878, George Johnston' Samuel Hurst (high) ; 1879-81, G. W. Johnston. ' SCHOOL DIRECTORS. 1874, M. N. Heaton, D. Harris, H. Huff, D. Brumbaugh, J. H. Wintrode George Krantz ; 1875, E. D. Beatty, George Krantz; 1876, D. Brum! bangh, G. B. Brumbaugh; 1877, Daniel Harris, Samuel Boyer- 1878, William Reed, Philip Garner; 1879, A. Beaver, A. H Cram' 1880, D. H. Harris, S. H. Boyer; 1881, Martin Hess, William K™d.' Geantville is a station on the Huntingdon and Broad Top Railroad, eleven miles from Huntingdon. The first building erected at this place, in 1854 was a large frame warehouse, which was subsequently fitted up for and occupied as a dwelling-house. In 1866 it was destroyed by fire. On its site John G. Boyer soon afterwards erected a brick dwelling and store-house. At about the same time Samuel B. Garner also erected a brick dwelling-house. The place has at present sixteen dwellings, a station-house, with express-office and telegraph station, a store, a tin-shop, and a car penter-shop. Grafton is a station on the Huntingdon and Broad Top Railroad, seven miles from Hunting don. The land where the village stands was owned by the late Jacob Fink and John Peightal. In 1870, Andrew F. Grove erected the first house here and named the place Pleasant Grove. Through the efforts of Mr. Grove, a railroad station, an express-office, and a post-office were soon afterwards established. In 1877 the name of the place was changed to Grafton, to avoid confusion in sending and receiving mail-matter. The village has now twenty houses, a church,— Evan gelical Lutheran, — a store, a tannery, a wagon-shop, a harness-shop, a blacksmith-shop, and a shoe-shop* Religious. — Rev. John Dietrich Aurandt was prob ably the first minister of the Reformed Church who preached statedly in any part of Woodcock Valley. He was born in Lancaster County, Pa., Nov. 8, 1760. In 1794 he removed with his father to Buffalo Valley, Northumberland Co., and in October, 1804, came to Canoe Valley, Huntingdon Co. He purchased a farm near the Yellow Springs, where he lived for a period of twenty -seven years. A short time previous to his death, which occurred April 24, 1831, he removed from Canoe to Hart's Log Valley, in Porter township. He was licensed to preach in 1806, and after satis factory examination was ordained in 1809. He preached at Huntingdon, Breidenbach's, Roller's, Harnish's, Williamsburg, Haenlin's, Martinsburg, Potter's, Yellow Creek, Bedford, Grove's (Woodcock Valley), Cassville, Entrekin's, and atsomeother points. His " charge" extended from Huntingdon to Cum berland, Md., a distance of ninety miles, and from Frankstown to Cassville, a distance of thirty miles. He was a man of good natural abilities and great en ergy. In stature he was six feet two and a half inches, was well proportioned and of prepossessing appear ance. Rev. Christian Weinbrenner was the successor of Rev. Aurandt. He was born Feb. 7, 1789; com- PENN TOWNSHIP. 339 menced preaching in 1838. His preaching points were as follows : Grove's, Clover Creek, Hickory Bot tom and Bob's Creek. It is believed that he was never regularly admitted into the Synod of the Reformed Church, and therefore that he never received ordina tion. He passed himself off as a Reformed minister, however, and was accepted as such. He is affection ately remembered as a sincere, earnest, and pious man. He died at Woodbury, Bedford Co., Feb. 12, 1858. Rev. Weinbrenner was followed by Rev. Theobald Fouse, who was born on Clover Creek, then Hunting don, but now Blair County, Dec. 26, 1802. He was forty years of age when he entered the ministry. He was ordained in 1842. His charge, known as " Wood cock Valley Charge," consisted of Zion's, Union (Grove's), Jacob's, St. Paul's, Clover Creek, Hickory Bottom, and Sharpsburg. He died Aug. 23, 1873, and is buried in the cemetery at Zion's Church, near Mar klesburg. In November, 1874, Rev. John H. Sykes became the pastor of Woodcock Valley charge. In April, 1878, he was succeeded by Rev. Cyrus H.Reiter, who continued to labor in this field till October, 1881. Rev. H. F. Long, the present pastor, entered upon his pastoral labors Dec. 1, 1881. The First Lutheran Congregation in what is now Penn township was organized as early as 1804, by Rev. Frederick Haas, a licentiate of Pennsylvania Synod, at Garner's school-house. He preached at this point, at Huntingdon, Williamsburg, Water Street, Clover Creek, Cassville, and Kishacoquillas Valley. He labored in this field for a period of twelve years. Rev. Henry Heinen was the successor of Rev. Haas. In 1826, Rev. N. G. Sharretts became pastor, his charge consisting of Woodcock Valley and Cass ville. Rev. D. Moser followed Rev. Sharretts in 1829, and was pastor of the charge till 1832. Rev. J. Martin, pastor of Williamsburg charge, preached for this congregation, as supply, from 1832 to 1836. Rev. J. G. Ellinger became pastor in 1838, the charge then consisting of the Woodcock Valley, Cass ville, Clover Creek, and Martinsburg congregations. It was during his pastorate, in the year 1840, that the first Lutheran Church edifice (at Garner's) was erected. Rev. Ellinger was followed by Rev. Ben jamin Laubach, who died six months after entering upon his pastoral work. Rev. William G. Laitzle was pastor from 1843 to 1847, and was followed by Rev. Jacob N. Burket. Under the pastorate of Rev. Bur ket, the constitution of St. Matthew's Evangelical Lutheran Church of Marklesburg was adopted. Revs. Peter M. Rightmyer, Cyrus Rightmyer, W. B, Bach- tell, J. K. Bricker, J. H. Bratten, M. G. Boyer, and J. Frazier were successively pastors of the charge. The new Lutheran Church at Marklesburg was erected during the pastorate of Rev. Frazier. The church was dedicated July 30, 1871 ; the dedicatory sermon was preached by Rev. Henry Baker, of Altoona. Rev. Frazier was succceeded by Rev. J. S. Heilig, who continued in charge till April, 1875. Rev. Matthew G. Boyer is the present pastor, hav ing entered upon the labors of this field for the second time in May, 1875. The new Lutheran Church at Grafton was dedi cated Dec. 22, 1879. Methodist Society. — Although within the boun daries of Cassville Circuit, and occasionally visited by itinerant preachers, no Methodist congregation was organized in Penn township prior to the year 1847. In that year Rev. Robert Beers, preacher in charge, preached alternately at Marklesburg and at Summers' school-house. In 1848 the congregation at Marklesburg was organized. The first class, in connection with the appointment, was organized in 1847, and consisted of six members, namely, J. House holder and wife, E. Duncan and wife, and R. Gill and wife. In 1851 the first steps were taken towards the erection of a church edifice, and in the summer of 1852 the Methodist Episcopal Church of Markles burg was dedicated to the service of God, the dedi catory sermon having been preached by Rev. (now Bishop) Thomas Bowman, then principal of Wil liamsport Seminary. Among the ministers who have filled the appoint ment are the following: Revs, R. Beers, J. Spangler, Z. Bland, J. Lloyd, G. W. Bouse, G. Berkstresser, J. A. Coleman, C. Graham, J. Geiss, J. W. Cleaver, J. W. Leckey, C. U. Wilson, J. C. Clarke, J. P. Long, J. A. McKindless, C. White, W. E. Hoch, J. W. Bell, J. Montgomery, and F. Rogerson. G. W. Baker is present supply. German Baptist Brethren. — Among the first min isters of this denomination who are known to have preached in this neighborhood were Revs. John Shinefelt, Christian Hoover, and John Martin. Elders George Brumbaugh and Isaac Brumbaugh were also among the earlier laborers in this field. The latter is particularly remembered as a sincere and earnest minister of the denomination for more than a quarter of a century. He died Nov. 4, 1871. The congregation at James Creek was originally a part of the congregation at Clover Creek, in Blair County. It was organized in 1858. The large and substantial church edifice on the line of the Hunt ingdon and Broad Top Railroad, near Marklesburg, was erected in 1860. In 1874 and 1875 branches were established at Coffee Run, in Lincoln township, and on the Raystown Branch, in Penn township, and suitable church edifices erected. Rev. George Brumbaugh, of Grafton, is at present bishop, and George B. Brumbaugh and W. L. Span ogle, assistants. The Mennonites are represented by a small but highly respectable membership. They worship at the Union (Grove's) Church. The present pastor is Rev. J. Snyder. The township has eight church edifices, as follows : Evangelical Lutheran, at Gar- 340 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. ner's, erected in 1840 ; Evangelical Lutheran, at Marklesburg, erected in 1871 ; Evangelical Lutheran, at Grafton, erected in 1879; Reformed and Mennon- tes, at Grove's, erected in 1841 ; Reformed, at Ridge, erected in 1860; Methodist Episcopal, at Markles burg, erected in 1852 ; Brethren, near Marklesburg, erected in 1860; Brethren, at Raystown Branch, erected in 1874. The township has eight school- houses— five brick and three frame — and two grist mills. Penn township had in 1881 eight schools kept five months, and a total attendance of three hundred and nine. Marklesburg, one school five months ; total attend ance, eighty-two. Population of Penn : 1850, eight hundred and thirty-nine; 1860, nine hundred and sixty-nine; 1870, eleven hundred and forty-three; 1880, nine hundred and ninety-eight. Population of Marklesburg, two hundred and thirty- two. It can poll fifty votes. Penn will compare very favorably with her sister townships in the patriotic zeal and fervor of its popu lation during the late war. From 1861-65 it con tributed upwards of one hundred men to the Union army, many of whom sacrificed their lives that the nation might live. Company C, Fifty -third Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, Capt. John H. Wintrode, was recruited principally in Penn, and in that part of Hopewell (now Lincoln) township immediately adjoining. This company was composed of the " bravest and best" of her population, — hardy, robust, and stalwart young men. The company left Marklesburg for Camp Curtin, at Harrisburg, on Monday, Sept. 23, 1861. Several hun dred persons, the relatives and friends of the soldiers, were assembled at the depot to bid good-by to loved ones. It was probably the most memorable as well as the most sorrowful day in the annals of this com munity. Anthony Beaver. — Born at South Mountain, in Franklin County, Pa., he came to Huntingdon County, and married , and had one son, Henry, and a daughter, who married John Cunning ham. He married, second, a Miss Clapper, and had sons, — John, who died at Coffee Run, Samuel, and Anthony. He lived and died in Penn, or Lincoln township, Huntingdon Co. Henry, a son of Anthony, was born about 1787 ; married Susannah, daughter of John Graffius, of Raystown Branch, and took up his residence at Wil liamsburg, Blair Co. He became a school-teacher. Subsequently, and for many years, he was actively engaged in land surveying. He served one term as county commissioner, and was elected twice to the Legislature from Huntingdon County. He was for many years a justice of the peace. He subsequently moved to Martinsburg, now Blair County, where he died in 1842, at the age of fifty-five. His surviving children are John G., who resides at Monongahela City ; Henry L., Allegheny City ; Lavinia, wife of Isaac Walker, resides at Rimersburg, Clarion Co Catherine, widow of Adolphus Patterson, resides at Freeport, Armstrong Co.; Susan, wife of Joseph Boyle, resides at Watersonville, Armstrong Co. TOWNSHIP CONSTABLES. 1847-50, Charles Magill ; 1851-53, Philip Garner: 1854, E. A. Fockler- 1855. Abraham Johnston ; 1856, John Megahan ; 1857, John Buyer' 1858-59, J. McLaughlin ; 1860-62, Matthew McCall; 1863, John Megahan ; 1864-65, George Long; 1866-67, J. W. Geissinger- 18G8 N. A. Miller; 1869, Daniel Harris; 1870-72, Jacob Prough'; 1873 -74, Nathan Snare ; 1876-77, Samuel Seibensperger; 1878-81, Lewis Hood. SUPERVISORS. 1847, John Norris, Daniel Peightel j 1848, John Norris, L. Hoover- 1849 Philip Garner, Jacob Brumbaugh ; 1860, John Brumbaugh, John Lee ; 1851, Benjamin Grove, David Snare ; 1852, David Snare, Samuel Grove ; 1853, David Norris, Samuel Hetrick ; 1854, David Norris Samuel Hetrick ; 1855, Heury Boyer, Philip Garner; 1856, Samuel Hetrick, Daniel Fink ; 1857, Samuel Hetrick, Thomas Norris; 1858 Thomas Norris, D. Peightel; 1859, John Holland, Robert McCall; 1860, Samuel Garner, Isaac Bowers; 1861, John Geissinger, David Norris; 1862, Andrew Grove, J. K. Isett; 1863, J. K. Isett, A. Grubb; 1864, Michael Garner, M. McCall; 1865, H. Brumbaugh, Samuel Beaver; 1866, Daniel H. Grove, David Norris; 1867, David Norris, Daniel H. Grove; 1868, Benjamin Coble, David Norris; 1869, David Norris, Philip Garner; 1870, D. Norris, N. Snare; 1872, N. Snare, D. Norris; 1873, Jacob Prough, Charles Magill; 1874, Cbarlea Ma gill, D. Norris; 1875, Reuben Walb, Andrew Grove; 18711, B. Walb, Charles Magill ; 1877, R. Walb, M. Gamer; 1878, M. Garner, Reuben Walb; 1879, David Norris, Michael Garner; 1880, Joseph Grove, Michael Garner; 1881, Samuel Beaver, David Norris. OVERSEERS. 1847, James Lee, Samuel Beech ; 1848, Abraham Grnbb, John Hoover; 1849, John Grove, Jacob Heffner; 1850, John Geissinger, Isaac Bowers; 1851, Benjamin Grove, Jacob Brumbaugh; 1852,' George Garner, Solomon Fiuk; 1853, Michael Garner, John Brumbaugh; 1854, Jacob Heffner, Samuel Reed; 1855, J. H. Wintrode, Samuel Kerr; 1856, A. G. Neff, John C. Moore. CHAPTER LI. SHIRLEY TOWNSHIP. Geographical, Descriptive, and Natural Fea tures. — This is one of the southeast townships of the county, and is bounded on the northeast by Juniata County, on the southeast by Tell township, south by Cromwell, and west by Cass and Union townships,on the northwest by Juniata County, and north by the Juniata River. i The surface of the township is a succession of moun tains and valleys, these being but a small percentage of the land that might be termed level or gently un dulating, and whatever of such there may be is mostly in the Aughwich Valley. Mountains.— Shade Mountain, running from south west to northeast, forms the southeast boundary line. Black Log Mountain runs parallel with the south east line of the township, leaving but a narrow valley between it and- Shade Mountain. This mountain runs entirely across the township. SHIRLEY TOWNSHIP. 341 Blue Bidge is northwest from and parallel with Black Log, forming the boundary line between this township and that part of Juniata County on the northwest, and continues down to Germany Valley. Sandy Bidge is in the south part of the township, on a line with Blue Ridge, and parallel with Black Log, and extends from Cromwell township to Ger many Valley, which lies between the northeast end of Sandy and the southwest end of Blue Ridge. Owens Bidge is another beautiful elevation of land, lying parallel with the other mountains, and running from Shirleysburg northeasterly to the Juniata River. Chestnut Bidge is another wave, running in the same direction as the rest, and from Cromwell township to the Juniata, near Mount Union. Stony Bidge, northwest of the last named, runs nearly or quite across the township, breaking off ab ruptly at the Juniata, west of Mount Union borough. Jack's Mountain, forming the west or northwest boundary line between this and the townships of Cass and Union. The name of Shade Mountain is said to have derived its name from the fact of several soldiers in the Revo lutionary war having died while the army was passing through what is known as Shade Gap, where the road is nearly level from one valley to the other, and the mountain walls very abrupt, and covered with a thick foliage, causing the gap to be quite dark at noonday, hence the name, Shades of Death, as originally, Shady Gap, Shade Gap, and Shade Mountain. It is said of Black Log Mountain that the name was derived from a large tree or log in or near one of the gaps, at which pilgrims on their journey across the mountain stopped and built fires around for cook ing purposes, till the whole tree or log had become charred. Upon inquiry of each other where they stopped to rest and refresh themselves, answered, at the black log, hence the name, Black Log Mountain. Blue Bidge derives its name from its bluish appear ance from a distance ; Sandy Bidge, from sandy soil covering the rocks ; Owens Bidge, from a person of that name ; Chestnut Bidge, from the large quantity of chestnut-trees growing upon it ; Stony Bidge, from its rocky and stony appearance. Jack's Mountain derives its name, so says tradition, as handed down to us through Hezekiah Rickets to James Clark, and through his son, James M. Clark, of Shirleysburg, to the writer, from a character known at the time as Capt. Jack Armstrong, who it seems had a contract for cutting a road through the narrows on the Juniata. His cabin stood on the north end of the mountain, near where there is a spring of very clear, cool water. He had been friendly with the In dians, and had traded with them some ; but when there arose the difficulty between the Indians and whites he tendered his services, with that of his men, to Gen. Braddock, which for some reason were not ac cepted. Soon after this twelve Indians passed up through where the men were at work, and to all ap pearances were friendly. After the Indians had gone out of sight the men heard the report of a rifle, but thought nothing of it at the time. When the time came for Capt. Jack, as he was familiarly called, to put in an appearance, the men thought strange of it, and soon went in search of him, and found the cap tain lying upon the ground near his cabin, dead. Hence the name, Jack's Mountain. Creeks and Runs.— The principal stream of the township is the " Aughwick" or " Aucquick" Creek, crossing the township from southwest to northeast, emptying into the Juniata at the west foot of Owens Ridge. Its tributaries from the west and northwest are Sugar Run, McNite Run, Lutz Run, Beck's Run, and several other small rivulets. From the east or northeast is Fort Run, so named from the fact of Fort Shirley being built upon its bank. Black Log Bun, rising in Juniata County and run ning southwesterly across the township, passing through the narrow valley between Shade and Black Log Mountains. There are twenty or more small rivulets running into it from the sides of the two mountains. Vineyard Bun rises in Juniata County, and runs southwest between Log Mountain and Blue Ridge to its southwest end, where it winds westwardly around its base, and flows northerly into the Juniata. This has but two or three small tributaries. , Hill Valley Bun rises in the southwest part of the township, and flows northeasterly along the west foot of Chestnut Ridge to Mount Union, where it turns easterly around the end of the mountain, and flows into the Juniata half a mile below the borough. Singer's Gap Bunrises in Jack's Mountain and flows east, forming, with Dry Bun, the head-waters of Val ley Hill Run. The soil of the township is generally a sandy loam through the valleys, and susceptible of a high state of cultivation. Many of the farms in the few narrow valleys will compare favorably with other sections of the State. In some localities lime-rock abounds, more especially on the east side of the Aughwick Valley, while on the west side there is scarcely any limestone. Naming the Township, Early Settlers, and Pioneer Incidents, — This township is one of the original, and in all probability the pioneer in point of settlement in Huntingdon County, and received its name through an act of courtesy on the part of Gov ernor Morris to one of his trusted and faithful gen erals, Shirley. Of a line of stockades or forts built in 1755 and reaching out across the then forests west ward from the Susquehanna, one was located in this township just outside the north end of the limits of the borough of Shirleysburg, and named by Governor Morris " Fort Shirley," in January, 1756. From this the township was named, also the borough of Shirleysburg. The fort or stockade was located on the left or 342 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. south bank of Fort Run, about half-way between the Benjamin Leas house and the farm-house of Nelson Barton, and a little south of a line drawn between the two. The house of Capt. Crogan, who was in command of the fort, stood a little west or southwest of the fort, near a large pine-tree then, and for three- quarters of a century after, standing near where the station of the East Broad Top Railroad now stands. Here was Capt. George Crogan's " trading-house," where friendly Indians, if there were such, came to trade furs for supplies. The fort was garrisoned with seventy-five men, says Governor Morris, and around this nucleus gathered the first settlers in what is now Huntingdon County. Hither the pioneers of the forest wended their way in search of future homes, which many of them found, lived to enjoy, and left many honorable descendants who have traveled along down the current of time, and now occupy the same plantations located by their grand- and great-grandfathers. Aughwick, Old Town, Shirley, Shirleys burg. — There seems to have been a confounding of localities with names, not only with writers, but with persons in giving information regarding incidents that occurred at one place, without discriminating between the place where the incident did occur and another locality of the same name where the incident did not occur, as for instance Little Aughwick and Augh wick might and most naturally would be designated as the same locality without the proper explanation, hence the error of placing the burning of cabins at what is now Shirleysburg, or locating the conviction of Peter Falconer, Nicholas De Long, Samuel Perry, and John Charlton at Shirleysburg, when it should be at or near Little Aughwick, on the extreme south border of Dublin township, or just over the line in Fulton County. During the French and Indian war, Aughwick, now Shirleysburg, became one of the important points, as it was fortified under the direction of Governor Mor ris, the whites having been driven out in 1750. George Croghan was here as early as 1747, and in 1748 with Conrad Weiser, and in 1750 with Richard Peters, and in command of the fort here from 1754 to 1756, and might properly be termed the first white settler, as here was his trading-house or cabin, but no evidence of its ever having been burned by Indians or govern ment authority. Mr. M. S. Lytle, in his " History of Huntingdon County," says, " Aughwick was not originally an In dian town, as is generally supposed, but was a settle ment of whites, to which the Indians came after Cro ghan had made it his residence, the time of their coming being clearly shown by official records. It is therefore difficult, if not impossible, to give any re liable information concerning the origin of the name. There is no certainty that it belongs to any of the Indian languages; the probability is just as great that it is derived from one of the European tongues. The first settlers there were Scotch-Irish, and many of the traders, among whom was Croghan, were of Irish birth." Again he says, "In early times the orthography of the name was almost as various as were the hands by which it was written. The earliest mention of it is in Richard Peters' report, where it is spelled ' Aucquick.' Croghan at first wrote it ' Aughick,' afterwards ' Aughick Old Town,' and finally ' Aucquick Old Town.' " It was not long after the restoration of tranquillity that there began to be an influx of population in this then forest land. All along the creek bearing the name given to Croghan's little habitation might be seen the smoke curling up from some pioneer cabin home. Not only along the Aucquick, but up in what is Germany Valley, east of the Aughwick, was occu pied by the Teutonic pioneer, who, having left his " Vaterland," sought a new home in the rich bottom lands between Owens Ridge and the Black Log. The first settler up this valley was Joseph Long, who located a large tract or plantation on either side of Germany Run. This large tract is now owned and occupied at present by John X. Lutz, Benjamin Garver's heirs, George P. Wakefield, John Swine, Abraham Lutz, William Bailees, George Swine, David Swine, and R. M. Wakefield. When Mr. Long went into the valley there was no road, not even a foot-path. He marked trees as he went in, and followed the marked trees on his way out of the valley, and then cut a wagon- or sled-road into where he located his humble cabin. Among the other pioneers was Martin Etnire, who located as early as 1780. Joseph Miller, now the old est man in the valley, is on the old Rorer tract, west side of Germany Run. These were soon followed, previous to the present century, by Jacob Lutz, grand father of Esquire Lutz, of Shirleysburg. He had sons, John, Jacob, and Samuel, who remained in the valley during their lives. Rev. Andrew Spanogle, Jacob Spanogle were in the valley as early as 1780. George Eby, Henry Eby, John, Peter, and Oliver Etnire, Joseph Coke, George Bowman, John Umben- hower, and Samuel H. Bell, who lived farther north, these were all in the valley previous to 1800. ¦ In Love Valley were David Boyer, Robert Bingham, and John McAllister. In Hill Valley, between Chest nut and Stony Ridge, were the Arthur and Bowker tracts, and in the Aughwick Valley was the Ripple tract and the Lewis Smalley tracts, down around what is now the Aughwick Mills. The T. T. Crom well tract lay between what is now Shirleysburg and Orbisonia. The Warner tract embraced a large por tion of what is now Shirleysburg borough, and the Sharrar tract lay west of the borough, while the Carothers tract lay southwest of the borough. John Lutz subsequently owned four hundred acres around the north and northwest of Shirleysburg. For the above early settlers we are indebted to Mrs. Ramsey, of Shirleysburg, who was born in 1802, and is a granddaughter of Joseph Long. SHIRLEY Tbacts. SHIRLEY TOWNSHIP. 343 Among the other early settlers of Shirley township may be mentioned Revs. Christian Long and Peter Long, who were Dunkard preachers, also Rev. Chris tian Long, Jr., David Long, Abram Long, Sr., the Baker, King, and Galbraith families. Henry Osiel lived below Mount Union, near what is known as the Knox bridge, so named from the fact of Mr. Knox being killed at that place. Peggy McCracken, John Swoope, and Joshua Wheeler also lived in that part of the township. Col. Postlethwaite was one of the early settlers and land-owners at Mount Union. He lived nearly oppo site where the tannery is located. William Morris was the pioneer settler on the creek in the north part of the township. He built a mill and log house near where the old Shaver stone house now stands. Matthew Campbell settled along the river below Mount Union in 1790, and George Vanzant lived in 1790 where Peter Shaver now lives. What are now " Bell's Mills" were built in the latter part of the last cen tury, and were owned by a Mr. Baker, and known for many years as " Baker's Mills." Among the pio neers of Hill Valley were Thomas Pollock, Peter Shaver, Joseph Booher, William Brown, Peter Sny der, Hezekiah Rickets, and Henry Rhodes. Maj. John Shaver settled first in Germany Valley, and in 1802 moved to near what is now Mount Union. Nicholas Shaver, son of John, was born in Germany Valley, April 27, 1801, and came to where he now lives or on the same farm when he was eleven months old. Mr. Shaver is still in the enjoyment of good health, and does his day's work with the rest of the boys, though in his eighty-second year. Col. William Alexander, a Revolutionary sol dier, died at the residence of his son, Randal Alex ander, on Sunday afternoon, March 4, 1838, at an advanced age. He served as a lieutenant in the war of the Revolution, and entered the service in the war of 1812 as a captain, and advanced to the rank of colonel. He was elected sheriff of Franklin County, and subsequently represented the citizens thereof in the Legislature. His remains were interred at Shir leysburg on the following Tuesday, in the presence of a large assemblage of his neighbors and friends, and with military honors. Industries, Mills, and Manufactories of Shir leysburg.— Earthenware- Works, located on west side of Main Street, in the borough of Shirleysburg, was established in 1866 by George W. Hawker, who, with his son, D. P. Hawker, conducted the manufac ture of all kinds of earthenware till April, 1871, when Mr. Hawker, Sr., died, leaving the business to his son, who is still engaged in the manufacture of pottery goods, and is also a large dealer in Ohio stoneware. Mr. Hawker's establishment is also located on the Ross tract. May 31, 1762, it was patented to Robert Coleman, Esq., subsequently purchased by John Cooper, and by him sold June 20, 1820, to Walter B. Hudson, and. by Hudson to Clark, and in April, 1866, by James Clark and Mary I. Clark to G. W. and D. P. Hawker. Drain, Tile, and Terra-Cotta Works.— Sam uel Backus came to this town in 1824 or 1825, and es tablished the pottery and earthenware business in the building next south of what is known as the " Mansion House," where he remained till 1839 or 1840, when he built the south end of what is now Phil Kabis' tile works, and removed to that place. He subsequently sold to Brewster, who continued the business for a few years, with Mr. Lutz as foreman. The property was sold in 1862 to G. W. Hawker, who, with his son, D. P. Hawker, continued the business till the spring of 1866, when Philip Kabis purchased and enlarged the property, and is now engaged in the manufacture of drain, tile, stoneware, and water-pipe. Mills. — Like many other townships, Shirley has had its share of the milling business of the country, and still enjoys the possession of six saw- and four grist-mills. There is but one saw-mill in that part of the township known as Black Log Valley, one on Singer Run, one at the mouth of Hill Valley Run, one known as Sink saw-mill, east of Sandy Ridge, one at the mouth of Blue Ridge Run, and one on the Aughwick Creek below Shirleysburg. Of the grist-mills, the old log mill, long since gone to decay, was the first in the township. It was located on Fort Run, a short distance above the present mill at Shirleysburg, and was built as early as 1800. It was on the McCammon property or tract, and sold to Dr. David Swine. His property was subsequently divided between his sons-in-law, one of whom was David Eby, who built the present mill at Shirleys burg in 1844, the old log mill having served its pur pose till this time. The present grist-mill was subse quently purchased by James Brewster, and by him sold to the present owner, A. Heffner. In 1833, Hezekiah Crownover built a log grist-mill on the Aughwick, about a mile below Shirleysburg. The old log subsequently gave way to a substantial frame mill, now owned by Minseberger. The Aughwick or brick mill was built by Eby & Madden, and sold in 1867 to George Schwein, and now owned by D. Rummell. George Schwein (whose name was first changed to Swine, and now spelled by the family "Swane") was born in Germany, near the line of France, on the 30th day of May, 1811. He remained in the land of his birth until he was of age, or nearly so, as shown by his passport, or permit to leave the country, which is now in the hands of his family, and bears date May 2, 1832. He then went on board a sailing vessel at Havre de Grace (France), and after a voyage of three months landed in America. His uncle, Peter Schwein, had prior to this time emigrated to this country, and settled in Lancaster, Pa., where he studied medicine with Dr. Baird. When he was fitted to practice he went to Petersburg, in Huntingdon County, and opened an office. Here he remained until failing health com- 344 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. pelled him to leave a large and successful practice. He sold out in Petersburg, and in the Sinking Val ley, in what is now Blair County, bought a farm, and was living on it when joined by his nephew George, whose first impulse on landing was naturally to wend his way to the home of his uncle Peter. He had no means whatever, and he hired out to his uncle to work on his farm. In 1830, Peter sold the farm, and coming into Shirley township bought the farm now owned by George Schwein, Jr. The uncle was unable to pay for the farm, and he turned it over to George, who paid for it and received a deed for the same. Peter's wife died before leaving Sinking Valley ; he died on the farm in Shirley township. From the start thus made George became one of the most successful farmers and business men in the south part of Hun tingdon County. He was a fine manager, and bought and paid for one farm only to buy and pay for an other, until he had six fine farms. In 1867, Mr. Schwein bought, and until his death successfully managed the Aughwick grist-mill. He was a man of wonderful energy and of sterling integrity, and died Feb. 4, 1872, regretted by a large circle of friends and relatives. He was a German Baptist, or Dunkard, and in his political views a Democrat, and held at different times township offices. His wife was Miss Mary Long, daughter of Rev. Peter Long and grand daughter of Peter Schwein, uncle of George. They had ten children, as follows: Peter, Mary, John, Annie, Susannah, George, Lizzie, David, Kate, and Rachel. Of these six are now living. There was in the early part of this century a small distillery in what is now Shirleysburg, built by Sam uel Williamson, who subsequently sold to John Lutz and James Ramsey, and by that firm sold to J. Mc Donald, who carried on the business for a few years, when it was finally abandoned, and the works went to decay. In 1800, Thomas McVitty built a small tannery on the site occupied by Braun's tannery. It was subse quently owned and operated by Samuel McVitty, Edward Zanner, Andrew P. Wilson, William John son, John C. Lotts, and in 1881 purchased by L. A. Braun, who enlarged and increased the capacity of the tannery to eight thousand sides of leather per year, and added an eighteen horse-power engine, which since then has been the motive-power. Merchants of Shirleysburg, Pioneer and Later. — The pioneer store in what is now Shirleysburg was in the days of the old Bedford Furnace. It was owned by T. T. Cromwell, and kept in the building on the east side of Main Street, opposite Depot Street or Bullet Lane, now owned by Calvin Williams and oc cupied by John Miller. William Harvey was Crom well's clerk in the old store. Rodney McKinstry was probably the next dispenser of the necessaries of life. His store was on the pres ent site of D. P. Hawker's residence, east side of Main Street, next door south of Dr. McNite's. James Sher- ard was also one of the pioneer merchants of the then little town of Shirley. Kimble A. Barton was another pioneer dispenser of codfish, molasses, tape, and calico. His was a combi nation establishment ; that is, he kept " entertainment for man and beast," as well as delicacies for families He occupied the building now known as the " Man sion House," on the west side of Main Street. John Cooper was also among the pioneer merchants and, to give a little more dignity to the business, occu pied the " brick store" building opposite the tannery. George Ramsey was in the mercantile business here from 1820 to 1832, in the brick house now occupied by Mrs. Harrison. James Lyon was also a merchant here from 1825 to 1833, in the building now owned and occupied by David Lutz, Esq. He was succeeded in business by John Lutz. William Pollard kept store here from 1829 to 1832. Duffield & Elliott opened a store here in 1825, and continued the business for two or three years. Lutz was succeeded in the mercantile business by John Long, in 1825. He afterwards became associ ate judge of Huntingdon County. John Brewster commenced business here in 1834, in the brick house now occupied by the family of the late Judge Leas. He subsequently moved his goods to the building now occupied by J. A. Kerr as a store. John was succeeded in the Leas building by James Brewster, and Jan. 2, 1840, the store was destroyed by fire, causing not only a loss of property but the death of three persons, — Mrs. Brewster, mother of James, Robert, son of Henry Brewster, and Miss Mitchell, a hired girl, who were burned in the building. Madden & Lutz were for a time doing business in a brick building west side of Main Street, subsequently destroyed by fire. Benjamin and William B. Leas commenced the mer cantile business here in 1836, and continued until 1842, when the fy-m-name was changed to G. & B. Leas, Wil liam B. Leas retiring. This latter firm continued for several years. William B. Leas was again engaged in mercantile business, and subsequently in the tanning business. Among the pioneer merchants we find the name of William Clark. His store was on east side of Main Street, lower end. He was here from 1812 to 1815. John Owen was also one of the pioneer merchants of Shirley. Joseph Goshorn was also one of Shirley's early merchants. Judge Long was here again as a merchant after concluding his official duties, and remained in the business until old age compelled him to retire from active service. In 1840 a Mr. Johnson commenced the store busi ness here, and remained for a few years, when he was succeeded by WilliamJBrewster. Dr. Lightner built the store building now occupied by J. A. Kerr in 1856, and together with George SHIRLEY TOWNSHIP. 345 Askin commenced the mercantile business, where they remained for several years, when they were suc ceeded by the Leas firm. William A. Freaker built the brick house next north of the Mansion House, which he occupied as a residence; also built the store-house next north of his residence, in which he kept store during the war of 1861, and was succeeded by a Mr. Pratt for one or two years. The present merchants of Shirleysburg are J. A. Kerr, G. W. Cornelius, who keeps in the old Ben jamin Leas store-house, W. H. Brewster, in the old store-house built by Jamison, and D. H. Miller, east side Main Street, opposite the old Freaker store. There are also two or three groceries, ice-cream- and candy-shops. Taverns. — Among the pioneer institutions of Shir leysburg none were more prominent than the old time-honored hostelries, presided over by the ever- genial Boniface of pioneer days. He was always at hand, welcoming his guests with a smile and a warm grasp of the hand, ready to entertain them with a good story, a glass of hot flip, or a square meal. Among the number prior to or at the beginning of the present century we find the names of Samuel Singer and James Kelley. They were both here from before 1800 to 1812 or 1813, and kept tavern in the long building east side of Main Street, opposite J. M. Clark's tailor-shop. This was one of the then popular resorts or headquarters for the sporting fra ternity of "ye olden time." Horse-racing, dog- fighting, wrestling-matches, and not infrequently a l trial of the " manly art" was indulged in ; especially if the parties had formed a conflicting opinion regard- i ing the affections of some neighbor's pretty daughter ; then would come the tug of war, the old-fashioned ring would be formed by the assembled crowd, and , the best man would .win. As before stated among the pioneer merchants, Kimble A. Barton was also one of the pioneer tavern- ke,epers. He was here at the same time, or soon after Singer and Kelley. His was the Mansion House, — a big name for a small town and tavern. Neverthe less, he was as popular as a landlord as any in the valley of the Aughwick. For notoriety circumstances brought John Megary to the front. He was a " character," not bad by any means. His first " Cafe de H6te" was on the corner of the alley south of the Mansion. Here, on the old frame, was heard the creaking of his sign-board for several years, upon which was painted in legible form " Entertainment for Man and Beast." He re moved a short distance north, and kept his house of entertainment upon the site now occupied by either the house or store that Freaker built. While here Mr. Megary became involved to such an extent that Constable McDonald was required to call in a legal capacity and demand payment of outstanding obliga tions or suffer the sale of personal property, either of which Mr. Megary objected to in such manner that it caused a collision between Mr. Megary and the officer of the law. In adjusting the difficulty Mr. Megary sustained a fracture of his jaw-bone, which resulted in his death within a few days after the little misunderstanding between himself and the constable. John Cooper was not only one of the early merchants but also a tavern-keeper. His hotel was in the same building with his store, opposite the present tannery. A Mr. Palmer was one of the very early tavern- keepers of Shirley. He was here as early as 1800, and kept on the corner where Esquire Lutz now lives. Paul Donahue kept tavern for a short time on the site of Sam Clark's old blacksmith-shop. From 1844 to 1848 the place where Thomas Landis now lives was a tavern kept by McElheny. The present taverns are the Franklin House, kept by Peter X. Burkit, on east side upper end of Main Street, and the old Mansion House, farther down town. Blacksmiths, Tailors, Wheelwrights.— Black- smithing in its various branches was carried on quite extensively at Shirley in earlier part of the present century, and among the disciples of Tubal Cain in this place we find John Miller and Samuel Clark, who were then doing quite an extensive business, employing several persons each. Miller's shop stood on the site now occupied by Douglas' confec tionery-store. Miller was succeeded by James Clark, brother of Samuel Clark, of whom he had learned the trade. Samuel Clark's shop occupied the site oppo site the residence of G. Withington, lower end of Main Street. Henry Myers, now living, aged seventy-six, was one of the pioneer blacksmiths of Shirleysburg. Week & Frank carried on an extensive business in blacksmithing here from 1840 to 1850. The present blacksmiths are T. B. Landis, Henry Myers, and W. H. Baird. Shirleysburg has not been without its tailors as well as other tradesmen. We find among the early knights of the shears and thimble James Cameron, John Pros- ser, Robert Findley, and in 1828 Peter SMyers was making " fits" in Shirleysburg, and in 1832 there was Robert Jeffries. Next came John Withington, and in 1839, J. M. Clark, who built a shop in 1840, where he is still engaged at his trade, also performing the duties of burgess of the borough of Shirleysburg. The pioneer wheelwrights of Shirleysburg were Isaac Burns, whose shop was between the old John Cooper's tavern and store and Sharrar's cabinet-shop, and James Templeton's wheelwright-shop, next to the old Cromwell store. Templeton worked here for many years, and was buried at this place. Joseph Harvey was a chairmaker, aud had his shop in with Templeton. Mr. Nead succeeded Harvey in the chair business in 1836. As near as can be ascertained the pioneer postmas ter of Shirleysburg was James Lyon. The present 346 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. postmaster is J. A. Kerr. Population of the town, according to the census of 1880, was two hundred and ninety-six. Physicians. — We have been furnished a list of the physicians past and present by Dr. W. P. McNite, as follows : The pioneer doctor was a Mr. Loughran, who remained but a few years, and was succeeded by Dr. Scott ; Dr. J. G. Lightner came in 1821, and remained till 1853 ; Dr. D. Ahl came in 1853, and remained but one year; Dr. M. J. McKinnon came in 1854, and remained till 1860. Dr. William P. McNite located here in 1861, having purchased and fitted up an of fice in the brick building erected for, and occupied a few years as the " Juniata Academy," where he is still located, and m the enjoyment of a large and lucrative practice; Dr. J. R. Fleming located i'' Shirleysburg, where he is still in practice. The fol lowing physicians located and remained here but a short time each : Walter Moore (left in 1842), Jacob Reighard, Applebough, Thompson, Butsdorf, W. O. Baldwin, M. Eby, M. Spanogle, Rowan Clark, Robert Baird, J. G. Long, John Flick- inger, Stewart, Brubaker, W. Brewster, W. H. Kerr, J. J. Meols, Baker, B. F. Gehrett, H. H. Rush, and J. J. Dohlen. William McNite was born in Dublin township, Huntingdon Co., Pa., of Scotch-Irish parents, July 20, 1790. The death of his parents when he was a child left him homeless, and he was bound out to James Morton, who was to give him six months' schooling. He remained with Mr. Morton until he was of age. His mother was a Miss Berry. During the war of 1812 he enlisted in the United States cav alry, in which he served six months, when he was dis charged on account of fracture of the skull caused by being thrown from his hor3e. In 1855, Mr. McNite received from the government a land warrant for one hundred and sixty acres of land. On the 18th day of March, 1823, he married Miss Matilda Hudson, of Dublin township, who died on the 23d of the next September. He came to Shirleysburg about 1824, and erected a distillery, which he carrried on until 1828 or 1829. The distillery was kept in operation until 1841, when it was abandoned, and the building has long since been torn away. For his second wife he married Miss Elinor Postlethwaite on the 28th day of May, 1828, and they at once settled on a farm he owned in Cromwell township, in said county. On this farm their oldest child, Thomas I., was born, May 27, 1830, and they remained there until 1832, when they moved to an adjoining farm in Shirley town ship, on which they lived twenty-two years. During this period he held at different times all the offices within the gift of his fellow-townsmen. In 1854 he moved into Shirleysburg, where he resided until his death, which occurred April 6, 1867, during which time he held all the different borough offices. Of free schools and education generally he was an ar dent supporter, and with the hope of advancing the latter in his vicinity he built in 1852, in Shirleysburg the Juniata Academy, which flourished a few years' and then was abandoned. Elinor, his wife, was a daughter of Col. William and Elizabeth Postlethwaite, who came from Car lisle, Pa., to Wayne township, Mifflin Co., Pa., where they remained until 1798 or 1799, when they moved into the adjoining township of Shirley, now Mount Union borough, where he died in 1832, leaving his widow with eight children. She died in 1841, aged eighty-four years. Col. Postlethwaite's grandfather came from England and settled in Lancaster, Pa. in an early day, and in his house the first court of said county was held. The colonel's father was twice married, the first time to Miss Hannah Wright, by whom he had three children, two sons (John and William) and a daughter named Susan, who died young. John married and went to Jefferson County Pa., where his descendants still live. The colonel's father then married Miss Irvin, sister of his son Wil liam's wife, by whom he had two sons, Thomas I. and Samuel, and three daughters, Mary, Jane, and Elizabeth. Thomas I. married Elizabeth Drake, Samuel married Nancy Corbett, Elizabeth was mar ried to James Drake. The remaining two girls were married, one to Elliott, the other to Mr. Dorland, and moved to Ohio. Elizabeth, wife of William Postle- = thwaite and mother of Elinor, was born in County ' Derry, Ireland. Her great-grandfather was one of the defenders of Castle Derry. She had two older sisters, one the second wife of the colonel's father. Jane married a Mr. Coulter, of Mifflin County, in which county she died. They had one brother, Thomas Irvin, who was born in New Jersey in 1760. He never married, but made his home with his sister until she died, in 1841, when he made his home with his niece Elinor, at whose house he diedjn 1851, aged ninety-one years. William and Elizabeth Postlethwaite's children were John, born June 16, 1781, married Martha Campbell, who was born in Ireland. They had a large family. Both he and his wife died in 1861, in Warren County, 111. Jane, born March 10, 1793, died in infancy; Thomas, born Feb. 24, 1793. He married Ann Dorland, by whom he had thirteen children. He died in 1862, in Mifflin County. Han nah, born March 10, 1787, and married Mathew Campbell, who was also born in Ireland. They had a large family. She died in Warren County, 111., in 1875. William, born April 10, 1789, married Lydia Macklin. The result of this union was one daughter. William died in Huntingdon County in October, 1826. His wife died in 1882, in McVeytown, Mifflin Co., aged eighty-seven years. Their daughter, whose name was Elizabeth, was born in 1823, in Mount Union. She married James Baker, of Indiana. She is now a widow, and resides with her cousin, William P. McNite, in Shirleysburg. She has one son and a daughter living. Elizabeth, born Jan. 5, 1791. She £¦ -Km}'?- by iffl.Bi.ul- tLStms. Jfai^ Yuri , SHIRLEY TOWNSHIP. 347 married Jonathan Doyle, and died in April, 1831, leaving seven children. Of these, two girls were taken by their grandmother, one by an uncle, Barton Thomas, and two girls, Isabel and Josephine, by their Aunt Elinor McNite. Elinor, born April 10, 1793, in Wayne township, Mifflin Co. She married Wil liam McNite, as above set forth. They had two chil dren, viz., Thomas I., hereinbefore mentioned, who in his boyhood attended the common schools of the neighborhood. When old enough he attended the Tuscarora Academy, in Juniata County, Pa., also at the Millwood and Juniata Academies, in Huntingdon County. In September, 1855, he entered the sopho more class at Jefferson College, and graduated there from in August, 1858. He remained unmarried, and died April 30, 1865. William P., second son of Wil liam and Elinor McNite, was born in Shirley town ship, Aug. 31, 1832. As soon as old enough he was sent to the common schools, which he attended until 1849, when he became a student for two terms of the Millwood Academy. During the following winter he taught a district school. He then attended one ses sion of the White Hall Academy, in Cumberland County, Pa., then three years at the Juniata Academy, then entered the junior class, second session, of Jeffer son College, Washington County, Pa., and graduated therefrom in August, 1857. He at once commenced the study of medicine under the instruction of M. J. McKinnon, M.D. He attended two full courses of lectures in Philadelphia, at the Jefferson Medical College, from which he graduated March 15, 1860. The succeeding May he opened an office in Mount Holly Springs, Cumberland Co., where he remained eighteen months. He then located in Shirleysburg, where he has since remained. In politics the doctor is a Democrat, as his ancestors had ever been. He has held the office of burgess, Town Council, and treas urer several terms. He is now serving the fifteenth year as school director and treasurer of the school board. For nearly fifteen years he has been almshouse physician. He has been several times a delegate to Democratic State Conventions, also to congressional and senatorial conferences, and to county conven tions for twenty years. In August, 1873, he was nominated by the Democratic County Convention for coroner, and elected over his Republican competitor, Hon. John La Porte, by two hundred and seventy- three majority, receiving the highest vote of any Democrat on the ticket. In August, 1874, he was nominated by his party for the office of representative iu the State Legislature, and in October following elected by seven hundred and eight majority, again receiving the highest vote of any Democrat on the county ticket. He served on the centennial bills and accounts and geological committees. His mother (Elinor) died Oct. 20, 1878. Susannah Postlethwaite was born July 15, 1795, and married Charles Barton. She had two children, a daughter and son. The family moved to Lamar County, Texas, where she died in 1863. Jane was born Feb. 24, 1798. She married Alexander Doyle, by whom she had one daughter, Julia, who married Thomas McC. Lemon, and lives in Kittanning, Arm strong Co., Pa. She has no children. Jane married first Alexander Doyle, and was left a widow. Married for her second husband T. H. Caldwell, and died in November, 1855. To them were born three children, viz., William (killed in the army during the Re bellion), Margaret, married M. Loudon, and Elinor Jane, married Henry Bayha. Jane died in 1865, of fever, in Armstrong County ; and Joseph, born Jan. 24, 1800, and killed by the cars below Mount Union in October, 1863. The children of William and Eliza beth Postlethwaite were all members of the Presby terian Church. William and Elinor McNite were also for many years members of the Presbyterian Church. The township officers in Shirley have been as fol lows : SUPERVISORS. 1789, William Swan, John Ruttas; 1790, Jacob Ganshour, Isaac Sharra; 1791, James Somerville, Samuel McCamin ; 1792, John Donohough, John Reaugh; 1793, James Carmichael, Nicholas Shaver; 1794, Charles Prosser, Charles Boyle; 1795, William Stevens, Samuel Wharton; 1796, Jacob Glass, Samuel Sandersond; 1797, Lodwick Tommerman. Baltzer Copenhoven; 1798, Peter Baker, Hezekiah Rickets; 1799, Thomas Cromwell, Martin Stenger; 1800, Lewis Smalley, Gaven Clugage; 1801, Isaac Morgan, Peter Shaver; 1802, Isaac Sharra, Jacob Lutz ; 1803, Abraham Len, Gasper Booher ; 1804, John Palmer, Adam Sharra; 1805, James Carothers, Daniel McCon- ahy ; 1806, James Young, Peter Sharett ; 1807, Christian Long, John Swope ; 1808, W. Postlethwaite, Ad. Lynd ; 1 809, Abraham Baker, Ben edict Stephens ; 1810, John Sharra, Samuel Roham ; 1811, Jonathan Doyle, James Manison; 1816, John Miller, Henry Roberts; 1817, Harmanus Ord, David Johns; 1818, Peter Sheaver, John Cooper; 1819, Andrew Mclntire, James Thompson ; 1820, Andrew Mdntire, James Shaver ; 1822, William Postlethwaite, Jonathan Doyle ; 1823, William Clark, Jonathan Doyle ; 1824, William Clark, Andrew Mc lntire ; 1825, John Shutz, Isaac Morgan ; 1826, Isaac Morgan, John Lutz; 1827, John Lutz, John Shaver; 1828, Jacob Shaver, Samuel Campbell ; 1829, Samuel Campbell, Jacob Sharrer ; 1830, David N. Carothers, George Eby ; 1831, William Likely, John Wakefield; 1832, John Bollinger, William McNite; 1833, Hugh Doyle, William McNite; 1834, Abraham Long, H. Doyle; 1835, ; 1836, John Shaver, Samuel Lutz; 1837, ; 1838, Isaac Shaver, Johu Potts; 1839, ; 1840, John Garver, Samuel McKin- stry; 1841, George Aby, John Shaver; 1842, John Morrison, John Long; 1843, Joseph Miller, James. King; 1844, George Bowman, Samuel Shaver; 1845, Jacob Shaffer, George Swine; 1846, William Morrison, John Garvin ; 1847, T. A. Smelker, J. W. Galbraith ; 1848, William McNite, Samuel Rover; 1849, Peter Bare, Benjamin Leas; 1850, Randall Alexander, John Garver; 1851, Samuel McVitty, Samuel Booher; 1852, Isaac Sharrer, William Briggs; 1853, Thomas A. Smelker, Nicholas Shaver ; 1854, Joseph Rhodes, John Douglass ; 1855, John Garver, Peter Shaver; 1856, John Price, A. Carothers; 1857, F. Harmany, G. T. Wakefield ; 1858, Jacob Spanogle, Samuel Shaver; 1859, Thomas Huling, Benjamin Garver; 1860, Isaac Swoope, John Alexander; 1861, Thomas A. Smelker, John Shope; 1862, William Buckley, John Harncane; 1863, David Shaffer, Elijah Aultz; 1864, J. C. Davis, David Long; 1865, Benjamin Garver, Joseph R. Parsons ; 1866, David Shaffer, J. J. Robinson ; 1867, Dan iel Beck, William Morgan ; 1868, Henry S. Dell, Thomas H. Huling ; 1869, Richard Hall, J oseph Parsons, James Parmer ; 1870, John Her- eneame, J. E. Garner; 1872, J. Moffit, J. Shope; 1873, ; 1874, Jesse Shope, C. Rboades ; 1875, Robert Gifford, David Runk ; 1876, R. Gifford, Job Shaffer ; 1877, Isaac Miller, J. L. Houck ; 1878, Peter Shaver, Joseph Kough, Wesley Morgan, Isaac Miller; 1879, Joshua llaird, J. L. Houck, E. B. Hereneame, J. E. Shope ; 1880, E . B. Hereneame, J. Shope, Peter Shaver, R. M. Wakefield ; 1881, R. M. WakeAeld, Samuel Bowman, Enoch Lutz, Jerre Shope. 348 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. OVERSEERS OF THE POOR. 1789, Samuel McMath, William Morris: 1790, James Galbraith, Jacob Sharra; 1791, James Clugage, Samuel Ireland; 1792, Samuel Mc- Camen, Jacob Sharra; 1793, John Ventries, Hugh Arthurs; 1794, Jonathan Doyle, Adam Lynd; 1795, Joshua Davis, Henry Warner; 1796, William Love, Jonathan Doyle; 1797, Henry Hoshel, Benj. Jenkins; 1798, Charles Prosser, Joseph Long; 1799, Henry Bateson, Garven Clugage; 1R00, Casper Booker, Joseph Galloway; 1801, Lodewick Zimmerman, Adam Sharra; 1802, John Donahe, W. Pob- tlethwaite ; 1803, James Carothers, John Shaver; 1804, Henry Funk, Richard Doyle; 1805, Isaac Shaw, Henry Warner; 1806, Thomas Magan, Russel Thompson ; 1807, Christian Long, John Sharra; 1808, Peter Seach list, Henry Hoshel ; 1809, Jacob Shaver, Christian Long; 1810, Hezekiah Rickets, Jonathan Doylo; 1S1G, Charles Prosser, Samuel Rord; 1822, Henry Irwin, John Shaver; 1823, Henry Whar ton, Samuel Carothers; 1824, John Wakefield, Andrew Mclntire; 1825, Jesse Holiiworth, Christian Long; 1826, William Harvey, James Oliver; 1827, William Harvey, David Etnire; 1828, Henry Rhode, Thomas Barton; 1829, Thomas Barton, Henry Rhoads; 1830, Hugh Doyle, William Morrison; 1831, Samuel II. Bell, John Morrison; 1832, James Ramsey, William Pollock; 1833, George Ord, Johu Long; 1834, William McNite, Samuel Ord; 1835, ; 1836, David C. Ross, Dawson Smally; 1837, ; 1838, Joseph Miller, Hezekiah Rickets; 1839, ; 1840, William Reed, Samuel P. Wallace; 1841, John Morrison, John Shaver; 1842, Samuel McKin- try, James King; 1843, Hezekiah Rickets, John Garner; 1844, Peter Etnier, Samuel Shaver; 1845, William Morrison, William Shaffer; 184G, T. II. Huling, O. Etnire; 1847, Jacob Rikard, Samuel Lutz; 1848, John Douglass, Anthony Foust; 1849, Nicholas Shaver, Abra ham Carothers; 1850, William McNite, Samuel McVitty; 1851, George Eby, Thomas Smelker; 1852, II. Rickets, J. Garver; 1853, J. Garver, Samuel Shaver; 1854, John Long, William Morrison; 1855, J. C. Sechler, ; 1856, John Foster, G. McLoughlin. CONSTABLES. 1789, Andrew Michael; 1790, James Logan; 1791, Nicholas Shaver; 1792, William Morris; 1793, Hezekiah Rickets; 1794, John Donahe; 1795, James Carothers; 1796-97, William Stevens; 1798, Adam Sharra; 1799, Charles Prosser; 1800, Henry Hoshel; 1801, Samuel Wharton; 1802, George King; 1803, JoBeph Galloway; 1804, Jona than Doyle; 1805, Garvin Clugage ; 1806, Jacob Lutz; 1807, Martin Hingor; 1808, Lewis Smalley; 1809, Gasper Bougher; 1810, Abraham Baker; 1811, Thomas Cromwell; 1812, Peter Sheaver; 1813, Bene dict Stevens; 1814, Reese Thompson ; 1815, James Morrison; 1816 James Oliver ; 1817, John Shaver; 1818, Samuel Uora; 1819, Rodney McKinsthy; 1820, James McDonald; 1821, Willium Harvey; 1822 Thomas Parton; 1823, George A. Palmer; 1824, Joseph Ricketts James Ramsey ; 1825, James Ramsey ; 1826, James Ramsey ; 1827 John Finley; 1828-29, William Pollock; 1830, William McNite; 1831-34, John Jamison; 1835, David N. Carothers; 1836, Abraham L, Fink ; 1837, John Taylor; 1838, John Shaffer; 1839, John Price; 1840, Nathan Rickets; 1841-42, Nathan Rickets; 1843-44, Samuel McKinstry ; 1845, William McGarvey ; 1846, Elliott Robley ; 1847-49, William McGarvey ; 1850, William McNite; 1851, William Morrison- 1852, Benjamin Bowman; 1853, William Myers; 1854, George Smith ¦ 1855-57, W. Weaver; 1858, J. Alexander; 1859-60, Jacob Lutz; 1861, James R. Thompson; 1862, Abraham Grove; 1863, David Flasher; 1864, Elias Rodgers; 1865, Isaac Smith; 1866-68, Benjamin Davis; 1869, Jacob K. Peterson ; 1870-71, M. Everett; 1872, D. 0. Fleck; 1873, G. W. Withington; 1874-75, D. S. Snyder; 1876, John P. Davis; 1877-81, David S. Snyder. CHAPTER LII. BOROUGH OF SHIKLEYSBTJRG. Civil Organization.— By an act of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, at its annual session in the winter of 1836-37, the borough of Shirleysburg was erected as follows : " Section I. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in general assembly met, and is hereby enacted by th* authority of the same: That the town of Shirleysburg in the county of Huntingdon shall be and the same is hereby erected into a borough, which shall bo called Shirleysburg, and shall be compressed within the following boundaries, to wit: Beginning at a post on the western line of Main Street, forty feet south of the extremo southern boundary of a lot of Benedict Stevens, on the lands of Alexander Dy- eart, north eighty-seven and one-half degrees west eleven perches to a post ; thence, by laud of Alexander Dysart, Jesse Holltngsworth, Walter B, Hudson,1 and James Moore, two and one-half degrees oast sixty-four percheB to lands of James Oliver; thence north seveuty-four degrees west eight and five-tenths perches to a post ; thence, by land of James Oliver, John Lntz, II. Irvine's heirs, and hinds of John Lutz, north two and one-half degrees east seventy-seven perches to a post ; tlienco south seventy-eight degrees east eight and five-tenths perches to a post, and line of back street; thence north two and one-half degrees east twenty- six and six-tenths perches to a post; thence south eighty-seven and one- half degrees east eleven perches to lino of Main Street; thence, by snld Btroet, north two and one-half degrees east twenty-one perches to public ground for school and meeting-house, so as to embrace said building; thence eighty-Boven and one-half degrees east throe perches to a post] thence south two aud one-half degrees west twenty-oue perches on tho eastern line of Main Street to a post; thence south eighty-seven and one-half degrees east eleven.and seven-tenths perches to a post on lands of John Lutz; thence, by lauds of John Lutz and James Oliver to line of McVitty's heii'H, south two and one-half degrees west one hundred and three perches; thence south seventy-four degrees east three percheB to a post; thence, by land of James Oliver and McVitty'a heirs, south two and one-half degrees west thirteen perches to line of Charles Bnr- ton; thence Bouth twenty-four degrees east ten and five-tenths perches to a post, Bouth two and one-half degrees west thirteen and five-tenths perches to a post; thence, by lands of Thomas Barton, north seventy- four degrees west to a post aud line of back street; thence south two and one-half degrees west thirty-two perches to a post on land of Thomus Barton; thence, by lands of said Barton, north eighty -seven and one- half degrees west to Miiin Street, fourteen and seven-tenths perches, to place of beginning." Section II. defines the time, place, names, and manner of electing the Beveral officers of the borough. Section III. defines the name and Btyle of tho borough as "the bur gess and council of Shirleysburg," also defines regulations, liabilities, etc. Section IV. affixes penalties to be imposed upon persons elected to office and then refuse to serve; also provides that no person shall he compelled to serve more than one term. Section V. provides fur oath of burgess, Council, and clerk, and man ner of entering upon the duties of each. Section VI. relatos to the power of Town Council, also to mode and limit of taxation. Section VII. relates to duty of town clerk. Section VIII. relates to treasurer's bond. Section IX, relates to the accounting of moneys, and settlement by the different officers of borough. Section X. relates to notice of election. Section XI. makes the burgess, president of the Council, and treasurer, or any two of them, a court of appeal, and defines the powers of borough collector. Section XII. relates to filling vacancy in absence of the burgess, Section XIII. requires three officers present at any meeting to form a quorum. Sect. XIV.—" John Lutz and James Ramsey, of said town, or either of them, shall publish and superintend the first election of borough offl- ceis on the first Friday of April next after the passage of this act, at the place appointed by law for holding the election for said borough, and they are hereby directed to give five days' notice, by advertisements as before directed in other cases of election, of the time and place of holding the same. At the session of the General Assembly in 1842 supplemental acts were passed relating to this bor ough as follows: "Sect. XXIV.— That the qualified electors of the borough of Shirleys burg, in the county of Huntingdon, shall annually, at the same time 1 Hudson was a surveyor and justice of the peace. P SWINE d OLIVER *.J',fJ.SJft K T. A. S MELKER O 'It j. r /-, w. ?. e. 6 A>. £>, £. I Q J P , i I ' r ! ¦ i ! . | i i mi <\s i ; ") i i i i | i ~l i r T" T \ III I 1 j -M | _!_ I I J L — i i 1 i i i — I I ' l I ' ^i -i? • — - ¦ ~— ¦ — - : — ~. t -~- ¦ iii i i i i i i y N.ik f . 13 P. *7 n . a >a c . 3 ^ p . 1 T S ¦ 2 '. tv. •? 7. D.TR EA K E R W . B . H U D SO N T. A S K I N d L UTZ . d . OLI VER d HO L LI NGSWORT H & S. CAROTHERS Original Plan of SHIRLEYSBURG, Huntingdon Co., Pa. Engraved Expressly for this Work. BOROUGH OF SHIRLEYSBURG. 349 and place where they meet to choose their borough officers, elect two reputable citizens in said borough, and return their names to the next Court of Quarter Sessions of paid county, one of whom shall be ap pointed by said court constable for said borough for one year in the same manner, with like nower and authority, and subject in every respect to all the provisions of the existing' laws relative to constables throughout this commonwealth. "Sec. XXV.— That all the lands situate between the western bound ary line of said borough and the Aughwick Creek, including lands of W. B. Hudson, David Freaker, heirs of Juhn Oliver (deceased), John Lutz and Thomas Askin, be and the same constitute a part, and in cluded in the territorial limits of said borough." " Seo. XXVI.— That from and after the passage of this act the borough of Shirleysburg shall constitute a separate school district, and to be sub ject to all laws relative to a general Bystem of education by common schools within this commonwealth." ] Several other supplemental sections relating to this borough have been passed, not materially changing the foregoing. The names of original lot-owners in Shirleysburg were as follows : Miss Barton's lot on west side Main Street, containing !•& lot of 60 by 140 feet. David Freaker, lot on west side Main Street, containing 1£ lot of 60 by 140 feet. James Oliver, lot on east side of Main Street, containing 2-\ lots of 60 by 140 feet. Samuel McVitty, lot on east side of Main Street, containing 33% lots of CO by 140 feet. Dr. James Spoor, lot on east side of Main Street, containing 2/n lots of 60 by 140 feet. Charles Barton, lot on east side Main Street, containing IJ lot of 60 by 140 feet. Mr. Collins, lot on east Bide Main Street, containing g lot of 60 by 140 feet. David Ely occupies 141 perches, being part of back street on the east and west not opeucd. * James Oliver occupies 49 perches, being part of back street (that is 37 perches on east and 12 on west.) David Freaker occupies 20.2 perches, being part of back street on the west. Walter B. Hudson occupies 48.5 perches, being part of back street on the west. Jesse Hollings worth occupies 20.3 perches, being part of back street en the west. Samuel Carothers occupies 85.4 perches, being part of back street on the west. • e. Thomas A. Smelker occupies 100 perches, being part of back street on east and south. Charles Barton occupies 193 perches, being part of back street and back lot on east also. Samuel McVitty occupies 55.3 perches, being part of back street and back lot on east also. Thomas Askin, John Lutz, the Methodist Church, and James Oliver have in back lotB belonging to the borough 4 acres and 14 perches nett measure. The balance of the borough is represented in lots 60 feet in front by 140 feat deep. Walter B. Hudson has 1& lo*s on west side Main Street, on which his dwelling-house now stands. Joseph Harvey has 2 lots on east side Main Street, on which his dwell ing-house stands. Barton's 2J lots (grass) on east side Main Street, on which his dwell ing-house stands. The following will be found a complete list of bur gesses from 1837 to 1882, inclusive, and the years in which they were elected and served : John Lutz, 1837, 1841, 1854; Dr. James G. Lightner, 1838-40; Benjamin Leas, 184-^-44; Maize S. Harrison, 1845-46, 1855, 1861, 1871 ; William B. Leas, 1(47, 1856, 1877'; Jesse Hollingsworth, 1848, 1850, 1858; Isaac ClugBton, 1849; Thomas Askin, 1851; George Leas, 1852, 1864; John W. Withington, 1853 ; William McNite, 1857, 1862 ; Joel Tomp kins, 1859-60, 1867; Samuel Backus, 1863; Henry Brewster, 1865; William Harvey, 1866;#John H. Lightner, 1868; D. P. Hawker, 1869; William P. McNite, 1870-73,1878; D. A. Zimmerman, 1874; John Cobert, 1875 ; John M. Clark, 1876, 1882 ; John C. Lotz, 1879 ; W. H. Sharrar, 1880-81. TOWN COUNCIL. 1837, Thomas Askin, John Price, Jacob Rikard, Thomas Barton, Jesse Hollingsworth; 1838, Jesse Hollingsworth, John Price, Maize S. Harrison, James Ramsey, William B. Leas; 1839, J. Hollingsworth, Thomas A. Smelker,-" John Price, William B. Leas, Abraham L. Funk; 1840, W. B. Leas, A. L. Funk, James Ramsey, M. S. Harrison, John Price; 1841, Samuel Backus, Samuel McVitty, David Fraker, J. Hollingsworth, Thomas Askin ; 1842, M. S. Harrison, A. L. Funk, James Clark, James B. Pergrin, Robert Harvey; 1843, M. S. Har rison, Samuel Backus, John M. Clark, Britton E. Collins, Robert Harvey; 1844, B. E. Collins, John W. Withington, M. S. Harrison, W. B. Leas, Henry Brewster; 1845, Thomas Askin, Jesse Hollings worth, William Boggs, William B. Leas, Benjamin Leas; 1846, John W. Withington, John M. Clark, Samuel Carothers, James Ramsey, Elijah Aultz; 1847, John Lacey, James R. Brewster, A. O. Brown, Samuel Bowman, J.' Hollingsworth; 1848, William B. Leas, M. S. Harrison, James S. McElheney, James G. Doyle, A. O. Brown ; 1849, John M. Clark, J. W. Withington, George Leas, William B. Leas, John 8. Buck; 1850, Ephraim Doyle, John S. Buck, J.S. McElheney, George Leas, John More; 1851, James Clark, J. C. Moore, Joseph G. Goshon, Samuel Backus, J. B. Pergrin; 1852, Samuel Bowman, T. N. Barton, J. G. Goshon, Benjamin Long, Peter Bowman; 1853, Ephraim Doyle, Isaac Clugston, B. Long, J. G. Goshon, T. N. Bar ton ; 1854, J. Hollingsworth, M. S. Harrison, S. Bowman, William Dodds, Levi A. Myers; 1855, William B. Leas, John Hicks, Samuel L, Glasgow, George Askin, W. 0. Baldwin ; 1856, E. Doyle, Levi A. Myers, William Harvey, M. S. Harrison, John Brewster ; 1857, Henry Brewster, E. Doyle, J. M. Clark, William Drake, Thomas McGarvey ; 1858, E. Doyle, J. M. Clark, James W. Galbraith, William A. Fraker, Henry Brewster; 1859, John H. Lightner, J. W. Galbraith, Isaac Sharrar, Samuel Backus, William Harvey ; 1860, J. H. Lightner, J. Hollingsworth, David P. Harvey, Daniel Myers, John Wicks; 1861, Henry Myers, JoBeph Rickets, A. A. Shannon, George W. Whittaker, D. P. Harvey ; 1862, Thomas McNite, William Drako, Peter Burkit, Thomas I. Briggs, Thomas McGarvey; 1863, Adam Bryan, John M. Clark, John C. Lotz, W. B. Leas, Jesse Hollingsworth; 1864, B. I. Devor, W. H. Brewster, John H. Lightner, R. M. Johnson, William A. Fraker ; 1865, George Leasrf J. C. Lotz, Jesse Hollingsworth, Wil liam Harvey, W. B. Leas ; 1866, Joseph H. Cornelius, M. S. Harrison, G. W. Hawker, P. Burkit, Robert B. Harvey; 1867, D. P. Hawker, R. H. Wharton, Henry Myers, Peter Burkit. George Leas; 1868, William Drake, G. W. Hawker, William Harvey, J. C. Lotz, George Leas; 1869, John M. Goodman, Henry Myers, George Leas, Philip Kabis, John Jacobs; 1870, D. P. Hawker, Philip Kabis, Henry Myers, D. W. Pergrin, James A. Doyle; 1871, William Drake, Gwin M. Harvey, G. Withington, George Leas, William H. Brewster; 1872, David H. Miller, J. C. Lotz, E. J. Pergrin, W. H. Harris, J. A. Kerr, William A..Fraker; 1873, Philip Kabis, David Douglas, R. B. Kerr, Henry Myers, E. J. Pergrin, William H. Sharer; 1874, David Doug las, David H. Miller, George E. Jacobs, Ephraim Eyler, P. Kabis, Thomas I. Briggs ; 1875, George Withington, D, A. Zimmerman, D. P. Harvey, Peter Burkit, Charles Bowersox, W. H. Brewster; 1876, P. Kabis, G. Withington, W. H. Brewster, Daniel Myers, William H. Sharer; 1877, J. C. Lotz, P. Kabis, David Douglas, A. C. Gray, Jacob R. Isenberg, W. H. Sharer ; 1878, W. H. Sharer, D. B. Doug las, T. B. Landis, John Stubs, J. C. Lota, Lewis A. Brown ; 1879, D. P. Hawker, Henry Myers, P. Kabis, W. P. McNite, William B. Leas, D. B. Douglas; 1880, Daniel Myers, Charles Bowersox, D. H. Miller, Peter Burkit, D. B. Douglas, Reuben Myers; 1881, John J. Rosen- steel, D. P. Hawker, J. Zimmerman, Henry Myers, S. R. Douglas* 1882, J. C. Lotz, S. R. Douglas, Daniel Myers, W. H. Sharer, Peter X. Burkit, Calvin Stubs. CONSTABLES. 1842, Elliot Ramsey, James Tetnpleton ; 1843, Elliot Ramsey, A. 0. Brown; 1844, Nathan RicketB, Elliot Ramsey ; 1845, Nathan Rickets; 1846, George Leas, J. Forbes; 1847, ; 1848, Joseph Gooshorn, James P. Forbes ; 1849, DenniB O'Conner; 1850, David W. Rickets; 1851, Samuel Bowman ; 1852, Edward Zerner; 1853, John W. With ington ; 1854, George R. Wicks; 1865, George Askins, William Mc Nite; 1856, N. A. Conner; 1857, John Jacob; 1858, Walter F. Clark, 350 HISTORY OP HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Isaac M. DoDathan; 1859, David P. Harvey; 1860, Samuel Sharrer; 1861, L. A. Myers (high), John Jacobs ^.1862, Levi A. Myers (high), Ephraim Doyle; 1863-67, John Jacol a ; 1868, John Kerr ; 1869, John Kerr, E. A. Myers; 1870-71, J. A. Kerr; 1872, Moses Evarts; 1873- 76, G. W. Withingston ; 1877, A. W. Simms ; 1878-79, George With ington; 1880, W. H. Shaver; 1881, D. A. Zimmerman. SCHOOL DIEECTOES. 1843, Samuel McVitty, Henry Brewster; 1844, ; 1845, James B. Pergum, John M. Clark, James Eamsey ; 1846, ; 1847, ; 1848, ; 1849, Charles Fleming; 1850, W. B. Leas; 1851, Thomas Ashton ; 1852, J. G. Lightner; 1853, Charles Bowersox, Isaac Clugston, H. S. Harrison ; 1854, James Clark, Benjamin Long ; 1855, M. S. Harrison, J. M. Clark ; 1856, John M. Clark, H. Brewster, W. 0. Baldwin ; 1857, H. Brewster, M. S. Harrison, William McNite ; 1858, Charles Bowersox, George Leas; 1859, John Wicks, J. Mc- Kuman; 1860, William Harvey, William McNite; 1861, George Leas, John M.Clark; 1862, William Drake, Calvin Wallace, John H. Lightner; 1863, M. S. Harrison, J. L. Harvey ; 1864, George Leas, Henry Myers; 1865, John M. Clark, William. B. Leas; 1866, John H. Lightner, William Drake ; 1867, Charles Bowersox, George Leas ; 1868, William P. McNite, John Jacobs; 1869, William Drake, John H. Lightner; 1870, W. P. McNite, P. Kabis; 1871, ; 1872, J. X. Leutz, W. F. Clark, J. Copenhaven, J. Parsons; 1873, George Leas, W. A. Fraker; 1874, W. P. McNite, John Jacobs; 1875, Wm. Myers; 1876, D. A. Zimmerman, W. Drake; 1877, J. R. Bell, J. I. Benkett, L. F. Watson, B. F. Ripple, R. C. Templeton, A. M. Pheas ant; 1878, J. H. Lightner, W. B. Leas; 1879, D. A. Zimmerman, Lewis Braum ; 1880, W. P. McKnight, L. A. Myers ; 1881, Eeuben Myers, T. B. Landis. Aughwick Church of the United Brethren.1— The Aughwick Church of the Brethren in Hunt ingdon County, Pa., was organized about 1802. The num'ber of persons was small at that time, only six in all, namely, Christian Long and wife, Daniel Secrist and wife, and Peter Secrist and wife. Out of that number Christian Long was chosen to the min istry and Daniel Secrist to the deaconship, and as these could only labor in the German language there was not much progress made in numbers for some time. Inasmuch as there was no record kept of church matters at that time we have to guess at some things as to time, but in a few years Jacob Lutz was chosen to the ministry, who could speak English. Things seemed to move a little faster. I think the number was about twenty-five when Peter Long was chosen to the ministry, in 1826. The church began to spread out its borders and, in 1827, Andrew Spanogle and John King were chosen to the ministry. Next in turn was Michael Boll- linger, in 1835. Next in turn to the ministry was Gray- bill Myers and Christian Long, Jr., in 1839. John G. Glock was chosen in 1842, and John Spanogle in 1844. About this time some called the church at Aughwick a preacher-factory. In 1847, Abraham Funck was chosen to the ministry, and Enoch Eby in 1850. Then comes George Myers on the list, in 1853. Then James Lane was elected in 1858, and Peter Swane in 1861, and Isaac Book and John Gar ver were chosen in 1869, and Robert Wakefield in 1872, and Seth Myers in 1874, and William Spanogle in 1877. Christian Long died in 1849, hence was in the min istry forty-seven years. John G. Glock, John Span- 1 By C. Long. ogle, Abraham Funck, James Lane, Kobert Wakefield Seth Myers, and William Spanogle still remain in the Aughwick Church. Christian Long, Jacob Lutz John Hanawalt, Andrew Spanogle, and John King are dead. Peter Long lives in Perry County Pa ¦ Michael Bollinger in Carroll County, 111. ; Graybill Myers at Eldorado, Pa.; Christian Long, Sr. in Dallas County, Iowa; Enoch Eby in Jo Daviess County, 111.; George Myers in Kansas; Christian Myers in Juniata County, Pa.; John Garver in Cumberland County, Pa.; Isaac Book in Juniata County, Pa. The church that was once called the Aughwick Church is now divided into three organizations, scat tered over a very large, mountainous territory,— hard labor for the ministry. The writer spent considera ble time of 1878 in that part of Pennsylvania, and while there the thought presented itself that it might be of some interest to many of the members who have lived in the Aughwick Church to see a little review of the doings of the church. The meeting house in Germany Valley was built in 1836, the one in Hill Valley in 1873. John G. Glock, of whom this brief sketch is writ ten, was born on the 1st day of April, 1807, in the village of Hoeneck, Wiirtemberg, Germany. His an cestors had lived there for many generations, and had been farmers and coopers by occupation, and in their religious belief Lutherans. His father, Jacob Philip Glock, married Miss Catherine Aininger, whose pa rents and ancestors as far back as can be traced had lived in the same village and had belonged to the same church. They had twelve children, of whom four sons and two daughters only grew to man's and woman's estate. John Glock grew up in his native vil lage, receiving a common-school education, and when old enough learned to work on the farm and at the cooper's trade. In 1832 his brother Frederick, who was working at his trade (a blacksmith) in France, wrote John a letter, saying that a party of young men were about to go to America, and that he would go if he (John) would go also. To this he at once re plied in the affirmative, and Frederick came home, and they went to Amsterdam, and with only enough money to pay their fare and with all their worldly possessions in their knapsacks, they embarked on the sailing-ship " Unskanogen" for the New World beyond the sea. After a long and pleasant trip of sixty-six days they landed in Baltimore, Md. Frederick, who secured a situation at once, remained in the city; but John did not like it there, and meeting with Mr. John Lutz, of Shirley, Huntingdon Co., Pa., he hired out to him, and on foot beside Mr. Lutz' wagon-load of merchandise started for his new home on the other side of the mountains. He remained with Mr. Lutz nearly two years ; then for a couple of years was in the employ of Dr. McNite's father, after which he bought a farm in Cromwell township. In 1853 he sold the farm in Cromwell and purchased another of BOROUGH OF SHIRLEYSBURG. 351 the executors of- Samuel McKinstry, deceased, in Shirley township. This he sold in 1865, and then bought the one he now owns and on which he ex pects to end his days. In 1836, Mr. Glock was con verted, and after reading the Scripture and weighing P~ fi fr~* the matter carefully, joined the German Baptists, or Dunkard Society, to which he has since belonged. He was for some time a deacon , and i n 1840 a preacher, and in 1852 was ordained a bishop. While he has never voted or become naturalized, he still takes an interest in the political affairs of the country, and would, if a voter, act with the Republican party. For his first wife ,he married, on the 26th day of August, 1836, Miss Catherine Myers, who died Sept. 28, 1857, without issue. He married for his second wife Miss Mary Ann Beasor, daughter of John and Asenath (Price) Beasor. She was born Feb. 11, 1828, in Ju niata County, Pa., where her ancestors were among the earliest settlers. To Mr. and Mrs. Glock there have been born three children, namely, Asenath, born Oct. 4, 1859; Anna C, Aug. 6, 1861; and John B., June 18, 1864. Shirleysburg Methodist Episcopal Church.— As near as can be ascertained, Methodist preachers came through the south part of what is now Huntingdon County as early as 1795, laying out work for future generations to complete. "' One of their regular preaching-places in Shirley township was at the house of Isaac Sharrar, near .what is now known as Two Bridges, a mile or more below Shirleysburg. Here, and at other houses, barns, and groves, they continued to hold services till 1810 or 1812, when Shirley began to put on the appearance of a small village ; it was then deemed advisable to build a house of worship. Accordingly preparations were made, and a log meeting-house was erected on what is now known as Back Street, in the borough of Shirleysburg, on the site now occupied by Dr. W. P. McNite's barn. Other denominations soon followed, and all of them occupied the old log meet ing-house till it became untenable, when by common consent all denominations worshiped in the old school- house then standing on the east side of Main Street. The Methodists, however, believing in the doctrine, and obeying the divine command to " multiply and replenish the earth, "soon found their congregation too large for the old school-house, or vice versa, and set about to build a house of their own, and in 1843 they built a brick meeting-house on the site now occupied by their present church. This church was destroyed by fire in the winter of 1846, which was a serious blow to their future prospects ; but, not in the least disheartened, it was not long before another meeting house came up, Phcenix-like, from the ashes of the former. This in turn was destroyed by fire in the winter-of 1876, and the present neat and commodious brick structure, with a seating capacity of three hun dred and fifty, was built in 1877 at a cost of three thou sand five hundred dollars. Among the pioneer members we find the names of Thomas Askin, who was also a local preacher, Samuel Backus, Thomas Carothers, John Withington, Charles Fleming, Peter Etnire, John Sharrar, Isaac Sharrar, Benedict Stevens, John Wakefield. Among the later members was William H. Sharrar, who was appointed a class-leader in 1855, and still occupies the same re sponsible office. Among the preachers who have served this people are such names as Seeley Bunn, Cadman, and John Bowen, who preached in the old log church in the very early part of this century, Thomas Larkins and Dr. Woods, Johnson and Britton E. Collins, 1839, Henry Terry, Peter McNally, Jacob Gruber, who was one of those eccentric German pioneers of Methodism, John Ball, Munroe, David Seever, Joseph Parker, James Stevens, Elisha Butler, Josiah Forrest, Amos Smith, Robert Beers, who was the first occupant of the Methodist Episcopal parsonage at Shirleysburg, Plummer Waters, Cambridge Graham, William N. Manager, George Leida, James M. Clark, Vanpossen, and Singer, the present pastor. Among the many presiding elders, we can give only the names of Henry Furlong, John Miller, John A. Collins. The Presbyterian Church1 of Shirleysburg was organized about 1800, or a few years later. T. McGehon, M.D., of Franklin County, Rev. John 1 By Dr. W. P. McNite. 352 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Johnston, of Huntingdon, Rev. Samuel Woods, D.D., of Lewistown, Rev. Gray, Shade Gap; Rev. John Peebles, of Huntingdon, and Rev. Carroll, of Newton Hamilton, all preached here previous to 1839. October, 1839, Rev. Britton E. Collins came, and remained as stated supply to October, 1855. De cember, 1855, Rev. G. W. Shaiffer received a call, was installed, and was dismissed at the April Pres bytery, 1866. Rev. Cochrane Forbes was stated sup ply from June, 1865, to April, 1870. The church was vacant until 1871. Rev. Samuel C. Alexander was installed in June, 1871, and resigned April, 1873. Rev. William Prideaux was then installed, and at the request of congregation dismissed in 1875. It was then supplied by Presbytery to October, 1877. Rev. R. A. Watson was then supply to April, .1878, and Rev. Stephen W. Pomeroy was supply to Octo ber, 1878 ; then he received a call and was installed, and still continues to preach. The communion ser vices at an early day were held in the old log Metho dist meeting-house, which stood east of the present Presbyterian Church. Then all denominations held services in the log school-house which stood at the end of town. The present church was built in 1830 of frame ; between 1840 and 1845 there was an addi tion put to it, a gallery placed inside, and a bell on the top of the church. It was repainted and a new roof put on in 1873. A parsonage was purchased in 1857 or 1858. The first elders were Samuel Carothers and Randall Alexander. Then followed Henry Brewster, John Douglas, Samuel Williamson, Jacob Rothrock, Rob ert Bigham, Hon. John Brewster, Samuel Douglas, Jesse H. Peterson, and Daniel Brondt, of Shirleys burg proper. Shirleysburg, Orbisonia, and Mount Union were all one congregation, though each had a church building. Mount Union organized a separate church in 1867, and Orbisonia in 1874 or 1875. The few members that live at Saltillo still retain the mem bership at Shirleysburg. The church property is valued at about one thousand dollars. Among the early members were the Harveys, Cluggages, Car- others, Alexanders, Hollingsworths, Mclntyes, Mc- Nites, Bigham, and others. The old members are all dead, and a great many of younger ones have moved away, which, with the Mount Union and Or bisonia congregation taken off, has reduced the mem bership from one hundred and thirty in 1839 to fifty in 1882. Thomas Irvin, one of the members of this church, who died in 1851, was a descendant of Irvin, one of the defenders of Londonderry. Shirleysburg Baptist Church.1— The Shirleysburg Baptist Church was organized Aug. 8, 1843, with forty-nine members, forty-five of whom had recently been baptized by Rev. A. K. Bell during a meeting which he held there. This was the earliest Baptist preaching in that immediate vicinity. The names of i By Rev. H. P. Hile. the original members are Thomas A. Smelker, Mary Smelker, George Smelker, John Smelker, Sarah Smel ker, Benjamin Leas, Mary A. Leas, William B. Leas, Ephraim Doyle, Martha Doyle, Mary D. Doyle Su san I. Doyle, William Tompkins, Mary A. Tompkins. Margaret Tompkins, Samuel McVitty, Esther Mc Vitty, William Harvey, Margaret Harvey, Margaret! Harvey, Nancy Cornelius, Philip Grosh, Thomas G, Barton, Thomas N. Barton, Jr., Samuel S. Barton, John M. Barton, James Ramsey, Nancy Ramsey, Elliott Ramsey, James B. Pergrin, Sarah Pergrin, Mary Ann Pergrin, James Palmer, John H. Lightner, Abraham Schaffer, James M. Hudson, Isabella White, Matilda Shorthill, Elizabeth Keefer, Hannah C. Weeks, James Davis, Evelina Diven, Alexander Coch, Nancy Smith, Isabella Bollinger, Margaret Bell, Mary Dougherty, John Potts, Joseph Cornelius. Thomas A. Smelker and S. McVitty were the first deacons, and Benjamin Leas the first clerk. Revs. Proudfoot, A. K. Bell, William Jones, D. Williams, and Bingham were present at the rec ognition of the churches. The church at first worshiped in a school-house, but built their present house of worship in 1843-44. The Sunday-school was organized in 1844. The pas tors have been* David Williams, 1843-52; J. A. Kel- - ley, 1854-57; J. L.Holmes, 1859-60; D. V.Krevlin, 1862; J. B. Kidder, 1863-64; S. K. Boyer, 1866-68; J. W. Evans, 1869-76 ; D. J. R. Strayer, 1877-81. W. P. Hile is the present pastor. Four hundred and eighty-two persons have been members of the church since its organization. The church at Three Springs was formed of members who were dismissed from this church. Many prominent men have been connected with this church, and rep resentatives may be found in many States in the Union. At Orbisonia there is an out-station of the church, with a membership of twenty-five or thirty, with a fine house of worship free of debt, and a flour ishing Sunday-school. Shirleysburg Cemetery. — In this cemetery, lo cated a short distance northwest of the borough, may be found the following inscriptions : Thomas McVitty, died Dec. 20, 1823, aged 43. Mary McVitty Williamson, died Aug. 12, 1849, aged 51. Cynthia Jane Brewster, died July 20, 1857, aged 38. Nancy Brewster, died Feb. 12, 1S55, aged 47. Samuel Jamison, died March 12, 1840, aged 70. Margaret Brewster, aged 71. Mary Harvey, died Jnne 4, 1864, aged 51. Mrs. P. S. Pollock, born Dec. 20, 1804; died March 20, 1837. Martha R., consort of Col. William Pollock, born Dec. 15, 1806, died Aug. 9, 1829. Randall Alexander, born Feb. 5, 1807, died Jan. 3, 1853. Elizabeth Mclntire, died Feb. 25, 1868, aged 75. Elizabeth Douglas, died May 24, 1855, aged 31. Ephraim Dnyle, dii-d June 10, 1876, aged 75. Martha Doyle, died Aug. 31, 1854, aged 52. Rev. Brit ton E. Collins, for forty-two years a minister of the gosjrelof Christ, died April 12, 1876, aged 75. Martha Collins, dieil Oct. 20, 1874, aged 85. Margaret Harvey, died Nov. 20, 1866, aged 47. John Harvey, died Jan. 9, 1848, aged 62. BOROUGH OF MOUNT UNION. 353 Mrs. Mal'garet Harvey, died April 5, 1877, aged 86. Isaac Sharar, died Nov. 14, 1863, aged 74. James 0. Sharrer, died Nov. 22, 1853, aged 33. John Hoover, born June 17, 1810 ; died June 8, 1857. David Fraker, died Feb. 2, 1852, aged 46. Eatily Sharer, died May 8, 1877, aged 70. Jacob Sharer, died Jan. 27, 1849, aged 68. Mary Sharer, died Sept. 1, 1856, aged 66. Priscilla Sharer, died May 23, 1864, aged 44. James Carothers, died March 26, 1848, aged 78. Mary Carothers, died Sept. 30, 1842, aged 63. Mary McKendree, died March 8, 1854, aged 65. William Scheaffer, died June 3, 1851, aged 42. James Ramsey, Esq., died Aug. 13, 1853, aged 63. John W. Withington, died Dec. 19, 1853, aged 38. James B. Peregrin, died Nov. 17, 1852, aged 43. Samuel McKinstry, died March 9, 1851, aged 35. John Douglass, died Dec. 1, 1845, aged 64. Alfred J. Ramsay, born Nov. 15, 1839 ; died Jan. 30, 1877. Sabra Bower, died Jan. 29, 1865, aged 82. Hester Ann Harrison, wife of Rev. George Bowman, died April 2, 1864, aged 23. Maize S. Harrison, died March 28, 1876, aged 66. Joseph Underwood, died Dec. 22, 1864, aged 87. Thomas Irvin, died Feb. 28, 1851, aged 92. Margaret Potts, died April 10, 1848. Adam Linn, died Aug. 17, 1826, aged 67. Margaret Linn, died Sept. 16, 1825, aged 64. Jane Linn, died Oct. 10, 1824, aged 33. James Linn, born Feb. 9, 1793 ; died Sept. 27, 1823. Samnel Harvey, Sr., died June 11, 1874, aged 91. Mary Harvey, died Aug. 24, 1857, aged 68. Diana Barton, died Nov. 7, 1854, aged 51. Thomas G. Barton, died Nov. 28, 1844, aged 65. Douglas Burying-Ground. — This is located half a mile south of the borough. William Ashman Fraker, born June 21, 1836; died April 11, 1874. Catharine E. Fraker, died June 1, 1880, aged 69. Henry Brewster, born March 10, 1798 ; died Oct. 31, 1880. George M. Hawker, died April 26, 1871, aged 63. Cynthia Bowersox, wife of D. P. Hawker, died July 6, 1879, aged 32. Elizabeth Sharer, died March 30, 1870, aged 75. Julia A. Withington, wife of Charles Bowersox, died Aug. 16, 1875, aged 57. John T. Musgrove, died Aug. 17, 1879, aged 29. David Douglas, died May 13, 1879, aged 57. B. F. Harmony, born Feb. 12, 1839; died Sept. 30, 1878. Mattie J. Bingham, born April 3, 1851 ; died Sept. 30, 1881. Ellie M. Leas, died July 29, 1881, aged 34. Elizabeth Harner Piper, died May 12, 1872, aged 48. Annie M. Elliott, died June 23, 1870, aged 27. Susannah Kabis, died Nov. 18, 1880, aged 42. Dr. W. H. Kerr, born May 10, 1840 ; died Oct. 29, 1868. Robert B. Kerr, born May 14, 1806 ; died Feb. 11, 1877. •William McNite, born July 20, 1790; died April 3, 1867. Elinor McNite, daughter of William PoBtlethwaite, born April 10, 1780; died Oct. 20, 1878. Isabella Eleanor Doyle, died July 18, 1865, aged 46. Thomas Irvin McNite, born May 27, 1830 ; died April 30, 1865. Isabella Hollingsworth, died March 13, 1866, aged 72. Jane Templeton, died May 17, 1866, aged 66. CHAPTER LIII. BOROUGH OF MOUNT UNION. The first survey made, the nucleus around which the borough of Mount Union has grown, was in 1840, by William Pollock, for John Sharrar, adjoining property of the heirs of John Shaver, which is more fully described in the annexed plan, and contained 23 but three acres and one hundred and forty-one perches. In 1849, Dougherty & Speer purchased a tract adjoining the original plot and laid out the town of Mount Union. Lots were offered for sale, and soon a little town had been planted, which has grown into quite respectable proportions. Additions were made to the Dougherty & Speer survey by the Shaver heirs on the east of Dougherty & Speer, by Peter Shaver on the southeast, by Henry T. Black on the south west, by Samuel Miller on the west and northwest, by A. Harshburger on the south. After these addi tions had been made, and the town had so increased in population that for the peace and good order of the town it was thought advisable to procure a borough charter, that the views of the law-abiding citizens might be more fully and easily carried out, therefore a petition was presented to the proper authorities, signed by the following-named persons : David Et nier, Peter H. Campbell, John Dougherty, Jacob Flasher, Catharine Dougherty, J. K. Thompson, John Shaver, S. B. Shaver, James J. Robinson, C. B. Mc- Carstry, John Shaver, Bell Shaver, James Mackey, M.D., Samuel Diffendaffer, A. Eberman, F. H. Har rison, Alfred Simons, P. M. Bare, John Bare, May Simons, H. P. McLaughlin, John J.Myers, Lewis R. Morgan, George P. Miller, Henry Laher, George Mc Laughlin, James B. Harris, Catharine Stewart, John G. Stewart, B. J. Devor, F. D. Stevens, A. Harsh berger, and J. A. Speer. The boundaries of the borough as described in the petition were as follows, viz. : " Beginning at the northern end of the bridge across the Pennsylvania Canal ; thence across said bridge, by lands of William Shaver's heirs and Nicholas Shaver's, south fifty-five and one-half degrees west fifty-seven perches to a post at the southeast corner of the school-house, was to in clude the school-house in the borough ; thence, by the lamia of Peter Shaver, north fifty-four and one-fourth degrees west sixty perches to a post ; thence, by the same, south thirty-five and three-fourths degrees west forty perches to a post; thence, by the lands of Samuel Shaver, north seventy degrees west sixty perches to a post; thence, by same, south sixty -one and one-half degrees west forty perches to a post ; thence, by lands of Pollock's heirs, south twenty-five degrees west fifty-two and one-half perches to a post; thence, by lands of Pollock's heirs, now Adam Harshberger's, north sixty-one degrees west forty-nine and one- half perches to an oak; thence, by lands of Harshberger, Dougherty & Thompson, north thirty-five and three-fourths degrees east one hundred and fifty-seven perches to a post at corner of Small and Washington Streets ; thence- by lands of Dougherty & Miller, north fifty-four and une-fourth degrees west fifty feet to a post; thence, by same, north thirty- five and three-fourths degrees east ten and one-half perches to a post, Pennsylvania Avenue ; thence, along the south side of Pennsylvania Railroad, north fifty-four and one-fourth degrees west eighty-two perches to a post; thence south forty degrees west twenty and one-half perches to a locust ; thence, by lands of George Miller, north forty-two degrees west twenty-two perches to a pine ; thence, by same, north twelve degrees east twenty-four perches to a grove on the north side of the canal ; thence, along the north side of the Pennsylvania Canal, north seventy and one-half degrees east twenty-seven perches to a point; thence, by same, south sixty-three and one-half degrees east seventy-six perches to apoint ; thence, by same, south fifty and one-half degrees east one hundred and sixty-eight perches to northern side or end of the canal bridge, the place of beginning." The prayer of the petitioners was granted by the court April 19, 1867, and the court further ordered 354 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. that the first borough election be held on the 6th day of May, 1867, and also appointed P. M. Bare to give due notice of said election, and also appointed Samuel Miller to be judge, Samuel Diffendaffer and Adam Harshberger to be inspectors of said election ; subse quent elections to be held on the third Friday in March in each year. The petition, decree of court, etc., were recorded June 6, 1867, in the recorder's office of Huntingdon County, in Miscellaneous Book No. 2, etc. Drake's Ferry, June, 1792, was kept or run by Morris & Hollingshead. (Col. John Canan, in a letter to Gen. D. Brodhead, in 1792, says, " The value of which can't be easily ascertained, as it may be daily increasing, about which they have had already some violent disputes, even to the disturbance of the Pas sengers.") Early Settlement, Rise and Growth of Mount Union. — The pioneer building of what is now Mount Union was a stone house, standing near Drake's Ferry, and occupied by Col. William Pollock, who was also the pioneer merchant in this vicinity. Drake's Ferry was a short distance above town, and just below where the county bridge crosses the Juniata. Samuel Drake owned the ferry. Col. Pollock was also the pioneer postmaster, and when asked for a name for the office, gave that of" Mount Union," in consequence of such a number of mountains coming together at or near this place. The old stone house was burned several years ago, and nothing remains to mark the once famous spot of Drake's Ferry and Col. Pollock's store but a few stones. *H MOUNT UNION IN 1840 ^ GREAT ROAD NOW SHIR LaY ST. « cr. Ul * X c i\ PS > in vVJ \\ P°S N. 4-l'A. W.33. pOS \l JOHN SHARRER]t) a: u. 0 \\M0UNT UNION W 5 < \ I 3 A. 14-1 PERCHES \^ £ \\ ^itkt \* -i X> 1 \ ('""¦Hfiln''^^"" 1 >? \\ iMBffft7[lv\ qC/v ^\\ a**> e7s \v° J3tL N W S Y L\/ A N / a CA\N A L Col. Postlethwaite's heirs, in the name of Jonathan Morris, situate in Shirley township, Huntingdon Co., being part of a tract of land warranted in name of Jonathan Morris, adjoining the heira of John Shaver, de ceased, and the Pennsylvania Canal, containing three acres one hundred and forty-one perches, surveyed the 24th day of April, a.d. 1846, for John Shaver, by W. Pollock. 1, Johu Sharrar warehouse, the third building erected at^Mount Union. The pioneer buildings, however, in Mount Union proper was the John Sharrar warehouse and old stone store, both still standing. They were built in 1841. The stone house, standing on the bank of the caual, served the double purpose of dwelling and store, though each must have occupied but little space. James Kelley and Dr. William Brewster built a warehouse on the bank of the canal, also a store and tavern, a short distance below the Sharrar warehouse in 1848, and named the place "Santa F6." The buildings are still standing. Kelley & Brewster were succeeded in the business of the Santa F6 establish ment by George W. Speer, and finally John W. Smith purchased the property, and subsequently sold to George McLaughlin and John Bare, who remained in partnership but one year, when Mr. McLaughlin became sole proprietor, and in 1868 sold to William H. Woods, of Huntingdon, who now owns the old Santa Fe property, except the tavern, which was sold to William Shaver, and is now owned by his heirs and is occupied as a tenant-house. One of the most prominent physicians in the Ju niata Valley is Dr. George W. Thompson, who lo cated at Mount Union in 1868, of whom the follow ing is a brief sketch. Among the early settlers in Half-Moon township, Centre Co., Pa., was John Thompson, who emigrated from Ireland prior to the war for the independence of the colonies, and settled on the farm still in the possession of his descendants in said township. Of his family, John Thompson, Jr., was born on the farm in Half-Moon on the 17th day of May, 1794. His early life was passed,.as were the lives of the farmers' sons of that period, in work- \ ing on the farm as soon as old enough, with a few j months' attendance at the district schools. Arrived at his majority, he married Miss Lydia Blake, who was born in Chester County, Pa., and in her girlhood came with her parents to Half-Moon township. In the course of time John, Jr., came in possession of his father's farm, on which he made his home until his death, j which occurred on the 22d day of January, 1826. He became prominent in the political affairs of his | county, as well as in his native township. He at different times held various township offices, and was sheriff of the county one term. His wife survived ] him many years, passing away after a long and well- t spent life, Feb. 7, 1871. Their children were Joseph, | John R., Martha, George W., Lydia, Andrew J,, ] Henry A., James F., and Homer S. Of his sons three are physicians. Henry A. Thompson, D.D., was educated at Canonsburg, Washington Co., Pa., from j whence he graduated in 1857. He was professor for j six years in the Ottervine University, at Westerville, j Ohio. He tfien taught in the large Union schools of : Ohio until 1873, when he became president of the Ottervine University, which position he still holds, j George W., the fourth child of John, Jr., was born on ! the home farm in Half-Moon on the 16th day of May, 1826. Until he was twenty-three years of age he re mained with his father, obtaining such schooling as the district schools of that day afforded, never attend ing to exceed three months in a year. He then started out on his own account, working for a couple of years at whatever he could get to do, including teaching in the common schools of Centre and Clear field Counties. With the money he had saved he '^LA/^^-t^^T^ ^J *!fo^.Jb 1 4Ht BOROUGH OF MOUNT UNION. 355 then for two years attended the Allegheny College, at Meadville, in Crawford County, Pa., when he was com pelled to leave the college for want of funds. John B. Thompson, his brother, was then a practicing phy sician in Marion, Indiana Co., Pa., and for nearly two years he remained with him as a medical student. In the fall of 1852, with means advanced him by his father, who was by this time in ' comfortable cir cumstances, he went to Philadelphia and entered the Jefferson Medical College, from which he graduated- on the 11th day of March, 1854. He 'came home, and on the 22d day of the next April rode into Mill Creek, Huntingdon Co., Pa., on a horse borrowed from his brother. His worldly possessions were the suit of clothes on'his back and two dollars and fifty cents in money. He opened an office in Mill Creek and remained there fourteen years, acquiring a large and successful practice. In 1868 the doctor came to Mount Union borough and opened an office, where . he has since remained. In his profession Dr. Thomp son has been very successful and ranks among the leading physicians of Huntingdon County. He has also been successful financially, and has seen the two dollars and a half with which he came to Mill Creek grow into a fortune ample for all his and his family's needs. In politics a Democrat, but never a seeker after political honors. On the 1st day of June, 1854, he was joined in marriage to Miss Rebecca H. Dough erty, who was born June 13, 1831, and died Oct. 23, 1866. Their children were Homer K., born Sept. 6, 1857, and John H., born Jan. 18, 1864. For his sec ond wife the doctor married, Sept. 8, 1868', Miss Linnie McGarvey. She was born in Shirley township Feb. 20, 1844. To them have been born the following chil dren : George W., March 6, 1870 ; Charlie B., Feb. 26, 1872; and Frank A., Aug. 15, 1880. Clintonville was one of those mythical towns liable to spring up Jonah's-gourd-like and vanish as quickly. The town was located within the present borough limits, at the south end of the canal bridge, and owned by a Mr. Roseifburg, and consisted of one large shanty and two or three smaller ones. He was a contractor, and named his town in honor of DeWitt Clinton, of New York. John Bare built a store-house on Water Street, also the dwelling in which he lives, also built the ware house now occupied by Rhodes as a drug-store. The store and warehouse now occupied by Thomas H. Adams was built by Peter M. Bare, and subse quently sold to Adams. Among the merchants that succeeded John Sharrar in the little old stone store were Samuel and George Eby, who subsequently went into the brick store across the road, when they were succeeded in the stone store by David Etnier, E. R. Faust, Faust & Etnier, Col. John A. Doyle, D. & T. Appleby, and after the war of 1861 by B. X. Blair and John S. Bare for a year or two, when the brick building was converted into a banking-house. Among the earlier merchants we also find George McLaughlin, B. Devor, and T. H. Adams. George McLaughlin also kept a store at the Aqueduct in 1839 and 1840. Blair & Appleby built the store building now occupied by the post-office on Water Street, where Mr. Blair kept store for a time. The next store was on Shirley Street, by G. W. Lukens, who sold to " Cheap John," and in the spring of 1882, Cheap John sold to Ewing & Son, the present pro prietors. Augustus Eberman commenced the mer cantile business in the store corner of Jefferson and Water Streets in spring of 1879. Taverns. — The pioneer tavern at Mount Union was built in 1848 by John Sharrar, and known as the American Hotel. It was originally built and occu pied as a dwelling-house, and stood in front of its present location in Water Street, and when Water Street was laid out it was moved back to where it now stands, and the front or bar-room added, also the wing running south. The south wing, or kitchen part, was built by Joseph Watson when he was owner and proprietor. The pioneer landlord in this old hostelry was Adam Holliday, who kept it for several years. The next tavern was the Exchange Hotel at Santa Fe, built by Kelley & Brother, as previously stated. The Broad Top House, located corner of Jefferson Street and railroad opposite depot, was built in 1858 by James G. Doyle, and now owned by his heirs. The Seibert House, located corner of Shirley and Jefferson Streets, was built ih 1881 by William Sei bert, present owner and proprietor. Mills and Manufactories.— The pioneer grist mill, located at lower end of the borough, and run by water taken from Hill Valley Run, was built by the heirs of John Shaver in 1832 or 1833. It was sold but a few years since by Henry Shaver to David Etnier, who has enlarged, improved, and made it a first-class custom mill. The National Steam Grist-Mill, located on Water Street, was built in 1867 by Peter M. Bare, who ran it two years and sold to John Bare, and in 1870 John Bare sold to William Fields. Fields sold to B. J. Devor, and in 1878 he sold to W. H. Allen, the present proprietor. Mount Union is also the shipping and business point for the products of Lucy Furnace, located just across the Juniata, in Mifflin County, of which White head & Swoope are the owners and operators. G. W. R. Swoope was born in Huntingdon, Pa., Dec. 27, 1846. His father, Peter Swoope, was a son of one of the early settlers of the Juniata Valley, and identified with the interests of Huntingdon and vicinity. The early educational advantages of Mr. Swoope were such as the common schools of the day afforded, and during his earlier life he per formed such work as is usually provided for boys upon the farm. In February, 1865, or when he was about eighteen years of age, he enlisted in Company B, One Hundred and Ninety-second Regiment Penn- 356 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. sylvania Volunteers, and served until the close of the war. After the close of the war he returned to Hunting don and learned the art of telegraphy, at which he worked about two and a half years at Marklesburg and Dudley, on the line of the Huntingdon and Broad Top Railroad. In 1870 he engaged with Mr. John Whitehead, a coal operator at Dudley, in whose employ he remained about four years, when he went to Houtzdale as' superintendent of Whitehead & Co.'s coal-mines, where he remained for five years. From Houtzdale he went to Elizabeth Furnace, in Blair County, and took charge of the business there for Messrs. White head & Bacon, where he remained about three years, and in September, 1881, removed to Lucy Furnace, opposite Mount Union, in Mifflin County, when he became the junior member of the firm of Whitehead & Swoope, also superintendent of the furnace at that place. He is also largely engaged as a coal operator with W. H. Sweet, under the firm-name of W. H. Sweet & Co. Their coal-fields are located at or near Dudley, in Huntingdon County, on the line of the Huntingdon and Broad Top Eailroad. Mr. Swoope is one of the sturdy, honest, indus trious citizens of Huntingdon County, having worked his way from the vale of poverty up through the varied strata of society to his present popular and affluent position in life. He was married Sept. 15, 1875, to Miss Amelia* daughter of John Whitehead, of Huntingdon. Their only child, Flora Essie, was born Feb. 17, 1877. Mr. Swoope has been for several years prominently identified with the Methodist Epis copal Church of Huntingdon, and is one of its prin cipal supporters. The Juniata Tannery, the first tannery at this place, was built in 1859 by John Bare, Sr., and in 1860 enlarged to double its original capacity. Mr. Bare carried on the business a few years, when he sold to Jacob Hoffman, who conducted the business till the spring of 1874, when A. D. Faust & Son, who had purchased it in December, 1873, took posses sion. In September, 1878, the tannery was destroyed by fire, and immediately rebuilt on a larger scale. The next tannery at this place was built in 1860 by John Bare, Sr., about one hundred feet from the original one, and operated by William H. Rosensteel a few years, when Mr. Bare continued the business till the spring of 1877, when A. D. Faust & Son took possession, they having purchased it in November, 1876. Both tanneries are now owned and operated by A. D. Faust & Son, whose weekly manufacture of leather amounts to five hundred sides. The an nual consumption of bark is about three thousand five hundred tons, and regular employment is given to twenty-five men annually. An artesian well was sunk in 1883 for the purpose of supplying pure water for the two tanneries, which are located in the north western part of the borough of Mount Union. Richard J. Faust, the managing partner of these tanneries, is a descendant of John Faust, who was born in Lehigh or Bucks County, Pa., and was of German origin, his ancestors having come from Germany in the early days of the New World's settlement. The latter years of his life were passed in Lehigh County He was by trade a tanner and currier, as his ancestors had been before him. One of his children was Alvin D who was born in Lehigh County, where he remained until after his marriage. His first business enterprise was in company with his brother, Owen W., in the tanning and currier business. They had learned the trade from their father. In the spring of 1851 he sold out, and, with his family, moved to Gilkey's Corners Upper Dublin township, in Montgomery Co., Pa. where he bought a tannery, which he still owns and operates. It has a capacity of one hundred hides per week, and employs twelve men. He married, about 1846, Miss Catherine Kuhns, of Lehigh County. They were both members of the Lutheran Church. To them were born six children, namely, Richard J., Edwin, Henry, Samuel A., Milton D., and Alvin B. Richard J., the subject of this sketch, was born in Upper Macungie, on the 9th day of October, 1848. He was in his third year when his father moved to Gilkey's Corners, and his first recollection! are of the place which was his home through all the days of his youth and young manhood. His educa tion was obtained at the common schools of his town ship, and six months at the Allentown Military and Collegiate College. He gave no attention to the mil itary part of the school, as he did not consider that it would be of any use to him in a tannery. In his fifteenth year he entered his father's tannery as an apprentice, and when nineteen years of age became foreman in the tannery, and in his father's absence, manager or superintendent. In the fall of 1873, in partnership with his father, he purchased in Mount Union, Huntingdon Co., Pa., the Hoffmann tannery, and the following spring came on and as sumed full management thereof. It was built in 1859, by John Barr, who sold it to Jacob Hoffmann. In 1869, he (Mr. Barr) built within a hundred feet of the old one a new tannery, which was sold at sher iff's sale in 1876 to Mr. Faust and his father, and they are now both managed by Richard J., and are known as the tanneries of A. D. Faust & Son. In the fall of 1878 the Hoffman tannery was burned, and the same fall rebuilt on the old foundations. It is a steam tannery (as are both) and they have a capacity of thirteen thousand hides per year, and give steady employment to twenty-five men, and is the leading industry of Mount Union borough. , In politics Mr. Faust is a Democrat, and takes an active interest in the political questions of the day, though he is not, and has never been, an aspirant for political honors. Twice he has been elected burgess of the borough by a large majority. He has also been a member of the Common Council of the town. Mr. Faust, in 1875, ^(LjLa^JLd fyuiMr BOROUGH OF MOUNT UNION. 357 became a member of Mount Moriah Lodge, No. 300, F. and A. M., and in 1877 took the chapter degrees in the Standing Stone Chapter, H. R. A. M., No. 201, both in Huntingdon borough. He is a member of the Lutheran Church, but attends the Presbyterian Church, as there is none of the Lutheran denomina tion in Mount Union. On the 6th day of January, A.D. 1870, he married Miss Caroline Herrman, daugh ter of Henry Herrman, of Horsham township, Mont gomery Co. Mr. Herrman came from Germany. Mrs. Faust was born in Horsham aforesaid, on the 11th day of February, 1849. Their union has been blessed with four children, as follows : Matilda O, born Feb.. 2, 1871 ; Herrman R., Aug. 22, 1875, died in infancy ; Richard J., born Aug. 22, 1877 ; and John E., born Feb. 2, 1880. Miscellaneous. — The pioneer cabinet-maker, Al fred A. Simons, established the business in 1853 or 1854, on Water Street, where he is still engaged in the manufacture and sale of cabinet- ware. The pioneer blacksmith at Mount Union was a Mr. Weller. His shop was at the east end of the American Hotel. He was succeeded by Houck. The pioneer wheelwright was Ewing. His shop was opposite American Hotel, now occupied as a blacksmith-shop. The blacksmith-shop now operated by Jacob Flasher was built in 1854 or 1855 by Charles Mc Laughlin and Ed. McKittrick, who own and work in the old Sharrar blacksmith-shop on Water Street. The wheelwright-shop built by John Dougherty is now occupied by Horner. The pioneer resident physician in Mount Union was Dr. Lee. He lived in the old Sharrar house, on the bank of the canal. The Pennsylvania Central Railroad was built to this place in 1850, and during that year the present passenger depot was built. The first sale of tickets was made in the freight-house, and subsequently a building then standing in front of the present East Broad Top passenger depot was used for a ticket- office till the present ticket-office was completed. J. C. Sechler was appointed ticket agent, and still remains at his post of duty, one of the oldest and most faithful employ&s of the road. The Juniata Division of the Pennsylvania Canal was finished to this place in 1830. The pioneer hardware store at this place was estab lished by Lieut. Frank D. Stevens in 1867, on the cor ner of Shirley and Jefferson Streets, where he is still conducting one of the largest and most complete stores of the kind in this section of country. He was born in Springfield township, Huntingdon Co., Pa., March 13, 1841. On his father's side his ancestors came from Scotland, while his mother's people were from Ger many. Benedict Stevens, the father of Lieut. Stevens, was born in Shirley township, same county, on the 28th of February, 1802. He grew to manhood on his father's term in Shirley township, and eventually became himself a farmer. He married, Oct. 8, 1822, Miss Eve Orr, and they became the parents of eight sons and seven daughters, of whom nine are now living. Five of the sons were in the Rebellion, serving from two to three years. Mrs. Stevens, after a long and well-spent life, passed away on the 31st of December, 1882, at the village of Three Springs, Clay township, where Benedict Stevens still resides. For more than half a century they have been members of the Meth odist Episcopal Church. He is a local preacher, and without charge preaches the gospel of peace. Frank D. was the twelfth child, and being one among so many had only the advantages of the common schools and two terms at the Rainsburg (Bedford County) Academy. He learned the carpenter's trade, at which he worked two or three years before the breaking out of the Rebellion. In April, 1861, he enlisted in the three months' service, but the company was not ac cepted. The spring of 1862 found the country awake to the fact that a great struggle was before it, a strug gle that would test the patriotism of its young men. Like thousands upon thousands of the young men of the North, Frank again became fired with patriotic zeal, and on the 24th of March of the year last men tioned he enlisted as a private in Company I, Twelfth Regiment Pennsylvania Reserves, as did his brother, David W. Stevens, who was killed on the 8th of May, 1864, in the battle of the Wilderness. The regiment, or nine companies of it, had been enlisted in 1861, and under the command of Col. John H. Taggart, was lying at Alexandria, Va., where they were joined by Company I, commanded by Capt. James Baker, of Orbisonia. In June, 1862, the regiment with many others was ordered to join Gen. McClellan in front of Richmond. They went to White House Landing, on the Pamunkey River, where they landed June 10th, and the next day joined the main army in the worksin front of the Confederate capital. Their first battle was at Mechanicsville, June 25th, and the next day when the line fell back, Mr. Stevens with a num ber of his comrades was captured and taken to Rich mond, where he remained four weeks, enjoying the entertainment received at Castle Thunder. He was then paroled and sent to Camp Parole, at Annapolis, Md., from whence he was sent soon after to the con valescent camp near Alexandria, Va., the worst place an intelligent government ever kept its soldiers in. In this vile camp he was kept against his wishes until December of that year, when he joined his regiment, which was then stationed near Fredericksburg, Va. He went on duty before he was exchanged, which occurred the Wednesday before the battle of Fred ericksburg, in which fight he received two wounds, one on the head and a slight one in the arm. After an absence of four months, which was passed in a Rhode Island hospital, he rejoined his regiment at Alexandria, Va. In May, 1862, he had been pro moted from the ranks to be orderly sergeant, and on his return from the hospital he was promoted to second 358 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. lieutenant. His next battle was at Gettysburg, fol lowed by Mine Run in November, 1863. In 1864 the regiment was with Gen. Grant, and participated in the skirmishes and battles of the campaign in the Wilderness. During this time Lieut. Stevens was in command of the company, as he had been most of the time after he was made a lieutenant. On the 13th of June, 1864, his company was sent on the picket line, and were captured with part of a cavalry company and a battery, and again Lieut. Stevens was destined to see the inside of a rebel prison. After being captured, the lieutenant was taken before rebel Gen. Wright, and by him closely questioned as to the position of the Union army. He refused to give any informa tion, which enraged the general, and he ordered him taken away, with instructions to the guard to run him through with a bayonet if he did not behave himself. He was in Libby Prison a week, then was sent to Macon, Ga., where he was confined two months in the officers' prison. In August they were sent to Savannah, where they were keptashort time, then sent to Charleston, S. C. He was one of the six hundred Union officers who were confined in the jail yard under fire from the Union guns during the bombard ment of Charleston City, being removed only when our government retaliated by placing rebel officers under rebel fire. Day after day for six weeks they were exposed to the scorching rays of the sun, suffer ing as only those who have endured the same torture can suffer. When the Confederates learned that their officers were exposed to fire on Morris Island the Union officers were moved to a place of safety. In October he was sent to Columbia, S. O, where he re mained until February, 1865, when he was sent to Wilmington, N. C, where he remained until the next March, when he was exchanged on parole and sent North. He was then granted thirty days' leave and came home. While in prison at Columbia, S. O, he, in company with five other fellow-prisoners, attempted an escape by running the guards. It was on a dark night. They crept on their faces across the dead-line (which was fifty feet within the guard-line), and on towards the guard-line as far as they felt it safe to do so, and then sprang to their feet and attempted to break through the guards, whereupon they received a volley of musket-shots, one of their number receiving a shot in the arm, shattering the bone so as to render am putation necessary. They were defeated in their attempt to escape, as they were on another occasion, when they attempted to escape through a tunnel which they had made and found a guard at the outer end of the tunnel, which had during the previous day been discovered by the rebels. He was commissioned as first lieutenant, to date from June 6, 1864, and was mustered out of service on the 17th day of April, 1865. In this brief memoir we do not attempt to describe Lieut. Stevens' sufferings while in rebel prisons, as it has been done in general and personal histories. We will only say that he bore without a murmur, as did his companions in misery, hardships and sufferings that he would not see his worst enemy exposed to that he will carry with him while life lasts the recol lections of those days, and will earnestly wish that no son of his may live to endure what he has gone through. On the 16th day of July, 1867, he was married to Miss Annie A. Bush, daughter of William L. Bush, of Orbisonia. She was born Nov. 8, 1846. To them have been born five children, namely, Arthur B., Clau- dine D., Ethel F. (died in infancy), Frank G. H., and Kingsley N. Mrs. Stevens, died April 24, 1881. Lieut. Stevens, after he came home from the army, graduated at the Iron City Commercial College, then for six months taught in the college. In March, 1867, he entered into the mercantile business in Mount Union, in the hardware line. In politics he is a Republican,, but not a politician. In 1866 he joined the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which he has been a trustee and steward for several years. He has been a director in the Juniata Valley Camp-Meeting Association since its organization in 1872. The marble business was established at Mount Union in September, 1880, by C. Stratford. His works are located on Jefferson Street, opposite the Broad Top Hotel. Financial. —The Central Banking Company was organized at Mount Union, March 13, 1873, with T. H. Adams, president, and E. S. Doty as cashier. Mr. Doty was succeeded by his brother, S. B. Doty, who served five years, when he was succeeded in 1880 by W. T. Bell. The baDking-house is. located on corner of Water and Division Streets. Its prasident, the Hon. Thomas H. Adams, of whom a fine steel portrait appears in this work, is of Irish extraction, and was born near Orbisonia, in said county and State, on the 16th day of February, A.D. 1830. His father, John Adams, was born in Ireland, where he resided until some years after his marriage to Miss Mary Quirk, who was born in County Limerick, Ireland. In 1825, lured by the promise of better times and in the time to come a home of his own inthe New World beyond the sea, he emigrated with his wife and chil dren to America, landing in New York, where he remained a few years, then moved to Newton Hamil ton, in Mifflin County, Pa. Here he remained for a time, then moved to Orbisonia, where he remained until 1838, when he again changed his abiding-place, this time going to Germany Valley, in the south part' of Huntingdon County, where he made his perma nent home. He was at one time a manager or super intendent of the Rock Hill Mines and Furnaces. He also worked on the canal, and assisted in the building of the four locks. Mr. Adams died in the Germany Valley in 1873, leaving a wife who still survives him, and resides with one of her sons in the last-named valley. They had nine children, five of whom are J . J"/. CyfyCL^^^^ BOROUGH OF MOUNT UNION. 359 still' living. The boyhood days of Thomas H. were passed on the farm, going to school winters and work ing on the farm summers, as soon as he was old enough to have his services of any value. He attended the Juniata Valley Academy three terms, after which he spent a short time in the Commercial College in Pitts burgh, from which he graduated in 1858. From 1855 to 1861 he spent his time in school or in teaching in the schools of Franklin and Huntingdon Counties. In April of the last-named year, with the money saved from his wages as a teacher, he entered into partnership with P. M. Bare in the mercantile busi ness at Mount Union, Pa. He remained with Mr. Bare one year, then went to Three Springs and went into business on his own account, keeping a general stock, such as would be needed in a small country town. During this time Mr. Bare had built the store now owned by Mr. Adams, which in the year 1847 he sold to Thomas H., who closed out his stock in Three Springs the following year, since when he has resided in Mount Union, and has devoted his time and ener gies to a general mercantile business in that town. In 1873 the Central Banking Company was organized and a bank opened in Mount Union. Mr. Adams was one of its first members, and in 1875 became its president, a position he has ever since held. Mr. Adams has always been a Democrat, and has been for nine years president of the school board, also a member of the Common Council, burgess, etc. In the fall of 1882 he became the nominee of his party for a seat in the lower house of the State Legislature, , and although running in a county strongly Republi can, he was elected by a majority of three hundred and twenty-two votes. At this writing the Legisla ture is in session, and Mr. Adams is chairman of the committee on accounts and expenditures, also a mem ber of the committees on retrenchment and reform, military, iron and coal, and judicial appointments. He was married Oct. 2, 1867, to Miss Margaret R. Brewster, daughter of Judge John and Mary (Criss- well) Brewster. She was born in Shirley township, Huntingdon Co., Pa., Dec. 7, 1840. Their union has been blessed with two children, — John F., born Aug. 16, 1868, and Mary B., born Nov. 14, 1870. Her father, Judge John Brewster, was born in Fannetts- burg, Franklin Co., Pa., Dec. 7, 1791. He married on the 28th day of October, 1824, Mary Crisswell, who was born near Chambersburg, Pa., June 28, 1800. To them were born three children, viz., Harriet, Jane, and Margaret. The judge remained in Fannettsburg until his father's family removed to Huntingdon County. The elder Brewster was a merchant in Fan nettsburg, and the judge clerked for him when not teaching. After coming to Shirley, Judge Brewster ran a store there, also a tannery in Hill Valley, which the judge managed, and at which he was living when the store in Shirleysburg was burnt, and with it nis mother and two other persons. After this he rented the tannery and moved to Shirley, where he remained until his death. He was a man respected and esteemed by all, and in politics was a Republican, and a prominent one. He was elected associate judge of the county, a position he filled with honor and credit. He was a member of the Presbyterian Church of Shirleysburg, and for many years one of its elders. In donating to the church he was always very liberal, as well as to the missionary fund. He took a deep interest in the colonization of the black race of our country in Liberia, and donated so liberally for that purpose that the building erected in Liberia for the use of the colonists was called the Brewster Recep tacle in his honor. Though he gave liberally, he did it in accordance with Holy Writ, not letting his left hand know what his right was doing. Civil Organization. — At the first election for borough officers, held at school-house No. 1, between the hours of nine o'clock A.M. and four o'clock P.M., the following officers were elected : Burgess, George McLaughlin ; Council, J. C. Sechler, J. G. Stewart, Samuel Diffendafer, Adam Harshberger, and B. J. Devor. The first meeting of the new burgess and Council was held at the office of B. J. Devor, on the evening of June 10, 1867, when B. J. Devor was elected sec retary for the ensuing year, John G. Stewart, collec tor and treasurer, and Samuel Miller, Esq., street com missioner. A tax of five mills on the dollar was laid for street purposes and all other necessary expenses. The following is a complete list of burgesses, Town Council,, and secretaries from 1868 to 1882 : CHIEF BURGESSES. 1868, Augustus Eberman; 1869, Thomas H. Adams; 1870, G. W. Thomp son, M.D. ; 1871, John Lukens ; 1872, John Bare ; 1873, J. H. Miller ; 1874-76, J. J. Robinson ; 1876-77, Lewis R. Morgan ; 1878, John G. Stewart; 1879, W. W. Fuller; 188U-81, R. J. Faust; 1882, W. G. Ewing. TOWN COUNCIL. 1868, J. A. J. Postlethwaite, William Deane, J. Rummell, Thomas H. Adams, William P. McLaughlin ; 1869, John Thompson, William Sei- bert, Edward P. McKittrick, James Harris, D. Etnier, Jr.; 1870, W. H. Rosensteel.W. A. Hunter, William Dean, John Bare.D. Etnier, Jr. ; 1871, Augustus Eberman, P. Shaver, Jr., B. J. Devor, William Dean, D. Etnier, Jr. ; 1872, A. Eberman, J. Lukens, J. Flasher, John Miller, J. M. Thompson, D. Etnier, Jr. ; 1873, R. A. Dean, E. P. McKittrick, A. Simons, H. C. Marshall, R. Soohler, T. A. Appleby; 1874, Marian Vancourt, J. A. J. Postlethwaite, Thomas Thompson, B. F. Douglas, D. J. Shultz; 1875, Thomas H. Adams, William Seibert, John Gayton, Register Simons, John C. Ross ; 1.876, John Shaver, John Morgan, R. J. Faust, J. J. Robison, John A. Gayton, A. Eberman ; 1877, William Gayton, William Seibert, T. H. Adams, F. D. Stevens ; E. H. Vancort, D. Etnire, Jr. ; 1878, E. P. McKittrick, James Barris, W. W. Fuller, John Lukens, Joseph Sechler, Longacre ; 1879, William C. Gayton, William Seibert, Alexander Maxwell, Samuel R. Simons, John S. Bare, John G. Stewart ; 1880, William Harris, P. H. Davis, Philip Smith, D. Etnier, Jr., J. C. Sechler; 1881, J. C. Sechler, Thomas H. Adams, Abram R. Price, Wilson Maxwell, W. X. Shaffer, Castner Miller; 1882, B. F. Douglas, Alexander Maxwell, F. H. Harrison, John G. Stewart, Philip Smith, T. H. Adams. SECRETARIES. 1868, William P. McLaughlin; 1869-72, 1877, D. Etnier, Jr.; 1873, R. Sechler (resigned, and July, 1873, T. A. Appleby was elected to fill the vacancy) ; 1874, B. F. Douglas ; 1876, J. C. Ross (resigned, and August 3d John A. Gayton was appointed to fill vacancy) ;. 1876, 360 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. John A. Gayton ; 1878, W. W. Fuller; 1879, John S. Bare; 1880-82, George W. Lukens. CONSTABLES. 1867, Jacob Flasher; 1868, Jacob Flasher, H. C. Fields (high); 1869, Graham Kough (high), Jacob Flasher ; 1870, T. Foreman ; 1871-72, C. K. Rogers: 1873, D. Etnier; 1874-75, J. S. Coulter; 1876, W. Harris; 1877, J. K. Thompson, A. C. Clinger; 1878-81, J. K. Thompson. SCHOOL DIRECTORS. 1867, P. M. Bare, Samuel Miller, J. W. Shaver, W. P. McLaughlin, Peter Shaver, A. F. Hamer; 1868, David Fetterhoof, Abram Price, John C. Ross; 1869, John Rummell, John Bare; 1872, H. C. Marshall, J. C. Ross; 1873, T. H. Adams, B. J. Devore ; 1874, G. W. Lukens, J. A. J. Postlethwaite; 1875, J. Hagey, D. McGarvey, William Myers; 1876, F. D. Stevens, J. S. Gallagher; 1877, John A. Gayton, T. H. Adams; 1878, H. C. Marshall; 1879, J. F. Gallagher, John Mor gan ; 1880, L. R. Morgan, A. Eberman ; 1881, F. D. Stevens, W. A- Hunter. Mount Union in 1882. — In 1880 the population of Mount Union was 764, and in 1882 it was esti mated at 800. There were in the borough at that date three hotels, viz., American Hotel, by William Myers, Broad Top House, by William Harris, and the Seibert House, by William Seibert ; eight stores and groceries, three drug-stores, three blacksmith- shops, three shoe-shops, one stove- and tinware- store, two wheelwrights, two tanneries, two grist mills, one harness-shop, two physicians, two lawyers, one marble-works, two railroad stations, Pennsylvania Central Railroad and the East Broad Top Railroad ; three churches, Methodist Episcopal, Presbyterian, and United Brethren ; post-office, with T. A. Appleby as postmaster. Mount Union United Brethren Church. — The first meetings of this church were held in the base ment of the Presbyterian meeting-house in 1869, when the United Brethren Church at this place was organized. Services were continued in the Presby terian meeting-house till the building of their own church. Among the original members were B. J. Devor and wife, Philip Smith and wife, J. C. Lockard and wife, Mrs. Nancy Faust and daughters, J. O. Rouse and wife. Mr. Rouse made a bequest to the church of a house and lot valuedl at two thousand dollars. He died before the church edifice was completed. The first pastor of this people was Rev. J. R. Shearer, who came here in 1869, organized the church, and remained two years. The present church edifice is of brick, located on north side of Shirley Street, and was built in 1871, the corner-stone being laid in August of that year by Rev. M. P. Doyle, assisted by other reverend gentle men. The church was dedicated Jan. 7, 1872, by Bishop J. W. Weaver, and cost, for lot and building, eight thousand dollars. Mr. Shearer's successors have been J. C. Smith, M- P. Doyle (who remained four years), W. A. Jackson (two years), and A. J. Zeak, the present pastor. Present membership, thirty-five ; value of _ church property, eight thousand dollars. There is a Sabbath-school connected with the church, of which A. Brown is superintendent. Mount Union Presbyterian Church.1— The Pres byterian Church of Mount Union had its beginning as an outpost of the Presbyterian Church of Shir leysburg. During Rev. Briton E. Collins' pastorate he began, as early as 1845, to preach occasionally at this point in a stone school-house which stood near to and in rear of the Methodist Church. In 1849 the Presbyterians of this neighborhood under the leadership of Rev. Mr. Collins, built a frame church along the Shirleysburg road, a short dis tance east of William Gayton's residence. The build ing still stands, and is in use as a dwelling. When built it cost five hundred dollars. Here the congre gation ' worshiped until they built a new church in 1866 and 1867, on the southeast corner of Shirley and Division Streets, at a cost of four thousand five hundred dollars. On May 2, 1865, the Presbyterian Church of Mount Union was organized by a com mittee appointed by the Huntingdon Presbytery, con sisting of Rev. George W. Shaiffer, Rev. James C. Mahon, and Rev. David D. Clarke. The church was organized with fourteen members, who presented cer tificates of membership from Shirleysburg and other churches. J. A. J. Postlethwaite was chosen elder of the new organization. In the spring of 1855, Rev. George W. Shaiffer succeeded Rev. Briton E. Collins, and preached at this point until April, 1866, being one year after the church was organized. Rev. Coch rane Forbes succeeded Rev. Mr. Shaiffer in October, 1866, and continued pastor until April, 1870. Rev. S. W. Pomeroy succeeded Rev. Mr. Forbes, and entered upon his labors May 1, 1871, and was in stalled Aug. 14, 1871. In the fall of 1866, Peter Shaver and Dr. James W. Mackey were elected, or dained, and installed elders. On March 12, 1873, T. A. Appleby and Dr. William A. Hunter were chosen elders, and on 'March 17th were ordained and in stalled. 'The number of members at present is one hundred and fifteen. During the fall of 1881 the congregation began to repair and remodel the church, which they completed during the summer of 1882, at a cost of nearly three thousand dollars,' and rededi- cated it July 9, 1882. A Sabbath-school was organ ized in the old frame church in the spring of 1866. The first superintendent was J. A. J. Postlethwaite. The average attendance the first year of its organi zation was forty-three. The present superintendent is T. A. Appleby, and has been since April, 1873. The number enrolled is one hundred and forty, with an average attendance of one hundred and seven. The church property consists of a house of worship worth five thousand dollars and a parsonage worth two thousand five hundred dollars. The church, in all its work, is in a flourishing condition. Mount Union Methodist Episcopal Church-The soil of Mount Union seems to be peculiarly adapted to the growth of Methodism, as an abundant crop of 1 By Rev. S. W. Pomeroy. SPRINGFIELD TOWNSHIP. 361 that sect has been raised here in a comparatively short space of time. The first Methodist sermon preached in this town was delivered by that wonder fully eccentric and popular pioneer of Methodism in this region of country, Rev. Jacob Gruber, in 1838, in the old stone school-house, then standing in rear of the site now occupied by the present Methodist Episcopal Church. From the seed sown by the eccen tric Gruber in 1838 a society of thirty or more was formed in 1842, with Samuel Shaver as class-leader. Pioneer Members. — Among the pioneer mem bers of the society we find the names of John Booher and wife, Mrs. Keziah Shaver, Thomas H. Huling and wife, Samuel Shaver and wife, John Sharrar and wife, George W. Speer and wife, Mrs. George McLaughlin, Elizabeth Shaver, and Joseph Mapes and wife. In eight years after the organization of the society the little band had grown to such dimensions, and the congregations increasing rapidly under the old- fashioned spirit of Methodist singing, praying, and preaching, that it became necessary to have more room than the old school-house afforded, and accord ingly, in 1850, erected their first house of worship on the site occupied by the present one. The present beautiful brick edifice was built in 1873, the lecture- room dedicated in 1874 by Rev. Dr. Dashiel, and the . auditorium dedicated in 1879 by Professor H. A. Gray, of Dickinson College, Williamsport, Pa. The entire cost of lot and building was nearly eleven thousand dollars. Among the preachers who have served this people since Mr. Gruber we find Rev. Mr. Hinkle, Revs. S. M. Hartsock, 1866-68 ; J. C. Clark, 1868-70 ; John Moorehead, 1870-73 ; M. L. Smith, 1873-76 ; W. C. Robbins, 1876-78; H. M. Ash, 1878-80; J. W. Cleaver, from spring of 1880 to present time. Dur ing the year ending in March, 1882, this society has contributed for church purposes fifteen hundred and eighty-seven dollars, with a membership of one hun dred and twenty-one and twenty-five probationers. The trustees for 1882 were F. D. Stevens, Isaac Tay lor, John Booker, David Etnier, Jr., Ed. P. McKit trick, E. Harncame, E. K. Rodgers, W. Hildebrand, and W. Seibert ; Stewards, F. D. Stevens, C. Strat ford, I. N. Swope, I. N. Stevenson, M. L. Rex, and Daniel Snyder ; Class-leaders, John Booher, George Fields, J. F. Stratford. Value of church property, including parsonage, twelve thousand five hundred dollars. The Sunday-school numbers two hundred and ten pupils, fifteen teachers, six officers, and F. D. Stevens, superintendent. Educational. — The pioneer school-house at what is now Mount Union was a stone structure, built in 1839, and stood in rear of the Methodist Church, along what was then the Shirley road. The pioneer teacher was Cooper, and the next was Walter Galbraith. In the winter of 1842-43 the school in the then new school-house was taught by George McLaughlin, now a resident of Mount Union. The present school-house, located on Market Street, was built in 1871. In 1881 there were four schools in the borough, each of which was taught six months by two male and two female teachers, at an average of $32.50 for the male, and $26 for the female teachers per month. Total expenditures for the year, $1001.84. Shirleysburg Borough. — The present brick school-house was built in 1877. The brick was made on the ground or lot where the building now stands, and the mason-work was done by Daniel Fleck, the contractor for the work. In 1881 there were two schools of a five months' term each, with two male teachers at $27.50 per month each. Total expendi ture for 1881 was $735.54. Shirley Township. — In this township are thir teen school districts, in each of which five months' school was taught in 1881. Teachers' wages averaged $24 per month each. There was during that time an average attendance of three hundred and fourteen pupils. Tax levied during the year for school pur poses was $2301.24 ; State appropriation, $314.16 ; to tal expenditures for the year, $5685.34. CHAPTER LIV. SPRINGFIELD TOWNSHIP. Geographical and Natural Features.— This is also one of the south border townships of the county, erected December, 1790, from Shirley aud Dublin, two of the original townships, and is bounded on the northeast by Cromwell township, on the southeast by Dublin township, on the southwest by Fulton County, and on the northwest by Clay township. The surface of the township is very much broken by mountains, ridges, and hills. Black Log Moun tain crosses the eastern part of the township in a north and south direction, leaving but very little farming lands on the southeast of the Aughwick Creek. The principal stream of Springfield is the Augh wick Creek, formed by the junction of Sideling Hill and Little Aughwick Creeks, a short distance below Maddensville, both of which flow from Fulton County into this township. Lick Branch, Lick Run, and Elliott's Run are the principal tributaries from the west and northwest, while there are several small runs falling from Black Log Mountain, and finding their way into the Aughwick. Early Settlers and Pioneer Incidents. — The dawn of the present century found what is now the township of Springfield almost an unbroken wilder ness, with perhaps here and there a pioneer cabin, which could be found only by following marked trees over mountains, across the narrow valleys, through the creeks and swamps to the little clearing, in the midst of which a rude log cabin had been erected or rather piled up from the timber cut around it. 362 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. The cabin floor of the pioneer was usually mother earth, which for convenience' sake was smoothed a little by the use of the grub-hoe or other instruments used for such purposes. When a pioneer wished to be a little more fashion able he would fell a large basswood or other tree that would split easily, cut it into logs of the proper length, split them, hew the flat side a little smooth, trim off the edges, and lay these halves side by side, flat side up, for his parlor floor. He must be a well- to-do pioneer to afford such luxuries, bnt some of them could afford to do it. For the upper or attic floors they would fell trees and peel the bark off in strips of the proper length, flatten them out until dry, and then lay the strips upon the poles that had been laid across from plate to plate of the cabin. Usually the roof of the cabin was made of the same material. Sometimes logs were cut six or eight feet long, and split into thin pieces from four to eight inches wide, and these strips used for shingles fastened on to the roof by withing poles across the shingles from one end of the roof to the other. The cracks between the logs served the double or treble purpose of letting out the smoke and letting in light and air, and at night the pioneer gas-light was a pine-torch. By this light the evening work was done, the old Bible was read, and che evening devotions performed. Although unlettered and un learned in the arts arid sciences, there never lived a more healthy, hardy, courageous, or hospitable people than the pioneer Marylanders of this township, for the early settlers were nearly all from sunny Mary land. Owing to its distance from public improvements, and consequent isolation from the outer world, this township has never been favored with manufacturing establishments, that it otherwise would have been with all its natural advantages. Probably the pioneer settler of what is now Spring field township was a Revolutionary soldier by the name of John Bailey, who wandered along down the Little Aughwick till near what is now Maddensville, where he selected a spot, cut away the trees, and built his mansion. He was not long " alone in his glory," for soon came along a few more hardy pioneers in search of future homes, among whom we find William Ward, John Robertson, and William Jones, who located along the banks of the Aughwick. These pioneers were soon reinforced by others, among whom were the Cutshalls and Stains, Browns and Lanes, the Wibles, the Ramseys and Maddens. The Wibles were of German descent, while the two latter descended from Erin's green isle. All these pioneers located along the Aughwick Valley, while Hugh Orlton, who descended from the Scottish high lands, thought there was no place like the hills, and became pioneer of the hill country, out of reach of the next flood. He took up a large tract by warrant or patent, and subsequently sold to Richard Lane. Mr. Orlton had the pleasure and honor of owning the pioneer " shiugle-roof " house in the township. The " Big Meadow" tract contained four hundred acres of land, and was located along the Aughwick Creek, near what is now Meadow Gap post-office. This tract was patented by Lukens, Lennox, and Woods. The pioneer in that part of the township where the village of Meadow Gap is located was Thomas Stain. He took up a tract of four hundred acres covering what is now Meadow Gap village, and was an improvement right. His tract is now owned by as many land-owners as there is in and around the Gap Mills for half a mile each way. Greenbury Ramsey, John Osiell, John Long, James Madden, William Moore, Jacob Booher, Thomas Sol lers, and John Hess. Capt. George Croghan took up a large tract of land, reaching from Stain's tract down the Aughwick for a mile and a half, reaching from the creek to the top of Black Log Mountain. On this tract Benedict Stevens located. He still owns a portion of it, and his son, Rev. W. H. Stevens, owns a large farm on the flats, one and a quarter miles from Meadow Gap mills, on the road to Orbisonia. The Rutter property was also warranted by Capt. Croghan, half of which is now owned by W. H. Stevens. A part of the Croghan tract is owned by the heirs of Baker, of which Professor Baker, present county superintendent of schools, is the manager. Jesse Coates also warranted four hundred acres in this vicinity, probably the same four hundred acres taken up by Thomas Stains. There is on the W. H. Stevens farm an old orchard, set out in 1784, which has borne fruit for the last ninety-five years, and the prospect was good for a large crop in 1882. The flat fields below W. H. Stevens' house were no doubt an Indian camping-ground or village. The evidences brought forth at every cultivation of these fields for the last hundred years goes to prove the fact of Indian occupancy. Large quantities of arrow heads, stone hatchets, and other implements made by the aborigines are found at each plowing of the fields. The cultivated fields across the creek from Meadow Gap mills were also the camping village or battle grounds of the much-written-about red man. Here stone mortars, pestles, and arrow-heads have been found, and Mr. J. C. Brewster thinks he can almost see the lines of battle of the contending forces as they were manoeuvring just previous to an engagement, and thinks this must have been one of the Indian battle grounds. The pioneers of the upper Aughwick labored under many disadvantages in the settlement of this part of the valley. Coming in along the Little Aughwick Creek from Fort Littleton and vicinity, they were sub ject to attack from the Indians at any time, and until they had made several improvements, and fortified SPRINGFIELD TOWNSHIP. 363 themselves in their rude cabins, they were under the necessity of coming in on foot, guided for a time by the stream and marked trees, with rifle upon one shoulder and axe upon the other, work during the day at their cabin and clearing, and return to Fort Littleton, from four to ten miles away, at night. Thus the hardy pioneers labored, and waited patiently until their hope ended in fruition. Villages and Hamlets.— Meadow Gap.— This name was derived from the gap in the mountain and a large meadow at the mouth of the gap. It is supposed by some that Thomas Stains was the first settler at this place, while others claim with equal authority that Jesse Coates was the pioneer. Very evidently one of these men was the pioneer settler of what is now Meadow Gap post-office. The grist- and saw-mills at this place were built by Robert and John Madden in 1834, and John Madden subsequently became the sole owner, and John Shore, who is still living at the advanced age of eighty-five, was the pioneer miller. The pioneer merchant at Meadow Gap was Wil liam Madden, who opened a, small store here soon after the mills were built, and Jacob Baker was the pioneer postmaster. The pioneer blacksmith was Frederick Thompson, who located here in 1860. There is at present at Meadow Gap a school-house ; store by Levi Anderson, opened in 1881, near the mills ; store by J. C. Brew ster, who is also postmaster ; two blacksmiths, George Taylor and Joseph Reihart, who is also the village wheelwright ; grist- and saw-mill owned by Levi An derson, with John Hurley, miller. Maddensville is a small hamlet in the extreme south part of the township, at what was at an early day called " the Forks." The pioneer grist-mill was built in 1842 by Robert Madden. There was at that time an old saw-mill half a mile up the Little Augh wick, with a small clearing around that and the house of Mr. Brown. The grist-mill has four run of stones. The capacity of the mill is one hundred and fifty bushels of grain per day. The present saw -mill was built in 1875, by Luther and Isaiah Madden, also owners of the grist-mill. The pioneer store-room was built by Robert Mad den in 1849, opposite the Madden mansion, where he. dispensed the necessaries of life till 1856 or 1857, when he was succeeded by Deckers Locke, who in 1876 built and opened his present store. Mr. Locke is also the present postmaster, and Robert Madden was the pioneer postmaster. Mr. Madden at first purchased but six acres of land and the water right, and subsequently increased his acreage till he owned all the land upon which the hamlet is located and a large tract adjoining, now owned by his sons Luther and Isaiah Madden. The present blacksmith is Joseph H. Runk, and Richard Ramsey is the wheelwright. The school-house at this place was built in 1872 or 1873. Among the early settlers in the vicinity of Mad densville was Joshua Brown, who owned a tract of land up the little Aughwick Creek, now owned by the Madden brothers. Mr. Brown died in the fore part of 1882, aged ninety years. Jacob Covert was an early settler here. His property is now owned by his heirs. The property of Alexander Ramsey, Sr., is now owned by his heirs, — the Stumbaugh, Ramsey, and Matthews families. The Hiles tract was owned by George Taylor, and the Baker tract is now owned by Ashton. The James Linn tract is owned by C. W. Evans, J. R. Linn, and Griffith. Conrad Cutshall was the progenitor of all the Cutshalls in Springfield township. His original tract of land is now owned by Levi Anderson, and Hiram Brown owns the John Ramsey tract. Locke Valley, in this township, is named after John Locke. His boy is now eighty-two years of age, hale and hearty. The Baptist Church (Old School) was organized in the early part of this century. The meeting-house i.s of logs, weather-boarded, and located three and a half miles north of Maddensville. This is the oldest church building in the township, and is valued at two hundred dollars. There are at present twelve members connected with this organization, with Rev. Mr. Rose as the regular pastor, preaching once a month, and Rev. Stahr as supply. Mount Carmel Church, located from Maddens ville, was organized by Cyrus Jeffries, and known as the Jeffreyites, or Mount Carmel Church. The meet ing-house is now occupied by the United Brethren, and the pulpit supplied from McConnellsville, in Franklin County. Wesley Methodist Episcopal Chapel, located at the forks of the creek, half a mile below Maddens ville post-office, was built in 1855. It is a frame building, and cost four hundred and fifty dollars. The building committee were J. Snyder, S. Kimes, N. K. Covert, J. Uncles, J. W. Buckley, and James Linn. Previous to building the chapel meetings were held in the old school-house that stood near the bridge. The pioneer class-leader was James Linn, and the above-named building committee were the first trustees, also among the pioneer members. Pres ent membership, fifteen. Preaching at the chapel every alternate Sabbath by the pastor at - Three Springs. Present class-leader is C. W. Evans. Walnut Grove Bethel, or Church of God. This society is sometimes known as " Winebrennarians." Their church edifice is a frame structure, built in 1855, by Thomas Ashton, at a cost of four hundred and fifty dollars. Religious services are held here on every alternate Sabbath. Educational. — There are six schools in this town ship, with an average of five months in the year each. There were six male teachers employed in 1881, at twenty dollars per month each. There were 122 male and 117 female pupils in the township, with an 364 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. average of 119 attending school. The total amount of tax levied in the township in 1881 for school and building purposes was $557.55; the State appropri ation for the same year was $340; total expendi tures for the year, $707.11. The following have been officers in Springfield township : CONSTABLES. 1791, Abraham Wright; 1792, John Wright; 1793, Samuel Wheeler; 1794, Samuel Charlton ; 1795, John Rutter; 1796, Joshua Chilcoat; 1797, John Cample; 1798, Peter Hess; 1799, Henry Hubble; 1800, Humphrey Chilcoat; 1801, Joshua Cornelius ; 1802, Thomas Hooper; 1803, Thomas Clugage; 1804, Hercules Kemp; 1805, Daniol Staney; 1806, William Wagner ; 1807, Conrad Cushall ; 1808, Benjamin Cor nelius; 1809, John Isgreg; 1810, Thomas Green; 1811, Benjamin Long; 1812, John Johnston; 1813, Benjamin Long; 1814, Benjamin Cornelius; 1815, Benjamin Long; 1816, Hugh Madden ; 1817, John E. Hays ; 1818, Joshua Cornelius ; 1819, Christian Moore ; 1820, Wil liam Waggoner; 1821, John Isgrig; 1822, George Ashman; 182?, George Green; 1824, John Logan; 1825, William Hudson; 182U, Benjamin Cornelius ; 1827, Benjamin Long ; 1828, Caleb W. Green ; 1829, Jacob Booher ; 1830, Robert McNeal ; 1831 , Jacob Baker, Jr. ; 1832, Aaron Staines; 1833-34, William Madden; 1835, Hugh Mad den; 1836, Thompson Stains; 1837, Elisha S. Green; 1838, James McNeal ; 1839, Daniel Stains ; 1840, Henry Mattheas; 1841, Benja min Bolinger; 1842, George Robertson; 1843, Benjamin Bolinger; 1844-45, Jacob Gehrett; 1846-47, William Ramsey; 1848, Hugh Brown; 1849, Jacob Baker; 1850, John Booher; 1851-62, Morris Brown; 1853, J. Lamberson; 1854-55, Benjamin Ramsey; 1856, William Locke ; 1857, Benjamin RamBey ; 1858-67, Morras Cut- shall; 1868, Jackson Lamberson; 1869, John F.Ramsey; 1870-72, E. Brown; 1873, G. M. Nead; 1874, G. Withington; 1875, G. M. Nead; 1876, F. Thompson; 1877-78, Morris Cutshall ; 1879-80, Jacob Lane ; 1881, Elihu Brown. SUPERVISORS. 1791, John Rutter, John Wright ; 1792, Abraham Wright, Hugh Orl ton ; 1793, Thomas Green, Hugh Orlton ; 1794, Thomas Green, John But ler; 1795, Thomas Green, Benjamin Cornelius; 1796, John .Camp bell, John Collit; 1797, John Campble, Humphrey Chilcoat; 1798, Humphrey Chilcoat, Christopher Nead ; 1799, Christopher Nead, John Orlton ; 1800, Christopher Nead, John Chilcoat ; 1801, William Wagner, Thomas Clugage; 1802, Michael Mordya, Hercules Kemp; 1803, William Wagner, Thomas Magan ; 1804, Jacob Nichodemus, Joshua Cornelius; 1805, Joshua Cornelius, Christopher Nead; 1806, George Ashman, John Bailey ; 1807, George Ashman, John Bailey ; 1808, George Ashman, John Bailey; 1809, John Bailey, George Ash man; 1810, John Bailey, John Isgrigg; 1811, John Bailey, John Isgrigg; 1813, Benjamin Cornelius, John Isgrigg; 1814, John Green, Simon Logan; 1815, Hugh Madden, William Waggoner; 1816, William Waggoner, Benjamin Long; 1817, Benjamin Long, John Logan; 1818, Benjamin Chilcote, John Logan; 1819, Benja min Cornelius, Benjamin Chilcote ; 1820, John Shore, Benjamin Cornelius; 1821, Benjamin Ramsey, William Waggoner; 1822, John Isgrigg, Benjamin Ramsey; 1823, John Isgrigg, Micaja Chilcott; 1824, Samuel Grubb, Peter Hess; 1825, William Mclntire, Richard Bradley ; 1826, Joseph Cornelius, George Green ; 1827, Joseph Cor nelius, Benjamin Bollinger; 1828, Benjamin Bollinger, Thomas Kelly;. 1829, Beojamin Bollinger, George Robison ; 1830, William Wagoner, George Robison; 1831, John Shore, Jacob Baker; 1832, John Shore, Robert Madden ; 1833, John Shore, David Stains; 1834, John Shore, John Madden; 1835, John Shore, Joseph Cornelius; 1836, John Shore, Dntton Lain ; 1837, John Shore, John Folk ; 1838, John Lock, John Baker; 1839, George Robison, Henry Mathias ; 1840, George Robison, John Shore;' 1841, ; 1842, John Brown, George D. Hudson ; 1843, Jeremiah Brown, George Kreiger ; 1844, P. Cutshall, Benjamin Bolinger; 1846, Caleb Brown, John Shore; 1846, John Shore, Seba Sock; 1847, John Brown, Jacob Covert ; 1848, John Brown, G. Ramsey ; 1849, D. Lane, Peter Cut- shall; 1850, Henry Cremer, William F. Martin; 1851, George Rob ertson; 1852, George Robertson, Jacob Baker; 1853, Jacob Baker, George Robertson; 1854, William Wible, Henry C. Cremer; 1855, i 1856, John Brown, John Covert; 1857, John Covert, W. Cutshall ; 1858, Jesse Rutter, Frederick Thompson ; 1859, G. Ram sey, Benjamin Cornelius ; 1860, John Lane, Robert Madden ; 1861, Robert Madden, Jesse Rutter ; 1862, Benedict Stevens, Robert Mad den ; 1863, Robert Madden, Benedict Stevens; 1864, Robert Madden William Nimble; 1865, Abraham Cutshall, John Brown- 186e' Thomas Stains, C. W. Leader; 1867, Greenberry Ramsey, Joshes Brown ; 1868, Joshua Brown, G. Ramsey ; 1869, W. H. Stevens H C. Cramer ; 1870, J. Brown, A. K. Green ; 1S72, Joshua Brown, John Hess; 1873, John Hess, Richard Cutshall; 1874, .' igyi Richard Ramsey, Samnel Cutshall ; 1876, J. Everhart, C. W. Leader- 1877, J. M. Cutshall, W. Stevens ; 1878, W. Stevens, Theodore Pern! berg; 1879, William H. Stevens, Theodore Fernberg; 1880 The odore Fernberg, William H. Stevens ; 1881, E. Brown, J. Lane. OVERSEERS OF THE POOR. 1791, Hugh Orlton, John Cornelius ; 1792, John Cornelius, Samuel Charl ton ; 1793, John Campble, Samuel Charlton ; 1794, John Campble Hugh Logan ; 1795, Hugh Logan, William .Wagner ; 1796, Hugh Logan, William Wagner; 1797, Hugh Logan, William Wagner- 1798, Hugh Logan, Sr., William Wagner; 1799, John Rutter, Her cules Kemp ; 1800, John Campble, Hugh Orlton ; 1801, Joshua Corne lius, Peter Hess ; 1802, Daniel Stains, Christian Read ; 1803, John Bailey, Benjamin Standford ; 1804, Henry Hubble, Conrad Scutchel • 1805, Samuel Charlton, George Stains ; 1806, Thomas Hooper, ThomaB Clugage ; 1807, John Shane, Hugh Maden ; 1808, John Hudson, John Long ; 1809, Thomas Green, Jr., Henry Moore; 1810, William Hud son, Samuel Cornelius; 1814, Thomas Clugage, Samnel Cornelias; 1815, Daniel Heck, ThomaB Charlton; 1816, John E. Hays, Joshua Brown ; 1817, Benjamin Long, John Ashman ; 1819, Benjamin Long, William Mclntire ; 1823, Benjamin Cornelius, Sr., Jacob Baker ; 1825, Joshua Hooper, Peter Cutchall ; 1826, David Patterson, Thomas Duf fey ; 1827, Joseph Cornelius, John Green ; 1828, William Hudson, Micajah Chilcot; 1829, William Corbin, Thomas Hooper; 1830, Thomas Green, Elliott Ramsey ; 1832, John Kyler, Benjamin Ram sey ; 1833, George Cornelius, Joshua McNeal ; 1834, John Long, Jo seph Cutshall ; 1835, Moses Greenland, John Rutter; 1836, William Cornelius, Jacob Baker; 1837, William Sellers, Henry Matthews; 1838, George Hudson, Benjamin Sellers ; 1840, Jacob Barnet, Genrge Taylor; 1841, , 1843, Joseph Devon, James McNeal; 1844, John Ashman, Daniel Kurfman ; 1845, William Ramsey, Elli ott Ramsey ; 1846, Jacob Baker, John L. Ramsey ; 1847, Thomas Duffy, Jerre Need ; 1848, Simon Locke, Elisha S. Green ; 1849, Thomas Ramsey, Thomas Ashten ; 1850, William Madden, Benjamin Ram sey ; 1851, Benedict Steves, David Steves ; 1852, Benjamin Ramsey, Thompson Stains; 1853, Thomas Duffey, Thomas Ramsey; 1854, ; 1855, ¦ ; 1856, John Lamberson, Wil liam Hess. CHAPTER LV. TELL TOWNSHIP. Geographical and Natural Features— This is one of the southeast border townships of Huntingdon County, and was erected from Dublin township in April, 1810, and bounded as follows : On the north east by Juniata County, on the southeast by Frank lin County, on the southwest by Dublin township, and on the northwest by Cromwell and Shirley town ships. The surface of the township is very uneven, the summit of Tuscarora Mountain forming the south east line between the township and Franklin County. .Nearly or quite four hundred rods northwest from Tuscarora Mountain is Hunting Ridge, a limestone formation running parallel with Tuscarora and the entire length of that side of the township. About four hundred and fifty rods northwest from and nearly parallel with Hunting is Big Ridge, a series of limestone elevations running across the township, and still farther northwest and parallel with Big w TELL TOWNSHIP. 365 Pine Ridge, which might better be termed mountain. This too, extends the entire length of the township, and last, but not least, is Shade Mountain, along the crest of which is the dividing line between Tell, Cromwell, and Shirley townships. These mountains and ridges all run in the same direction, from south west to northeast, and between these mountains and ridges are several hills or knobs of no very small dimensions, and reach also to a respectable altitude. Between the mountains, ridges, and hills are long, narrow valleys, in which are several very good farms, where large crops of wheat, corn, oats, and potatoes are raised. There are four roads or highways running through as many valleys the entire length of the township, besides several roads passing through the mountain gorges from one valley to the other. The principal creek of the township is the Tusca rora. This rises in Dublin township and flows north easterly along the northwest foot of Hunting Ridge, through the hamlet of Nossville, to the Kern farm, where it breaks through Hunting Ridge in an easterly direction, then flows northeast into Juniata, County. Trough Spring Greek rises on the McNeal and Berrier farms in the southerly part of the township, flows northeasterly along the narrow valley between Pine Ridge and Shade Mountain to Silverthorne's mill at Shade Valley post-office, where it turns east erly, breaks through Pine Ridge, and empties into Tuscarora Creek on the Kern farm, at the foot of Hunting Ridge. Block's Bun rises on the Shoop farm, in the south west part of the township, flows northeasterly along the valley between Pine and Big Ridge, emptying into Trough Spring Creek a mile east of Shade Valley post-office. Georges Greek rises in the north corner of the town ship, and flows southeast to Coulter's old mill-seat, thence easterly into Juniata County. Narrows Greek rises in Franklin County, flowing northwesterly, past Orr's mill-seat, into the Tuscarora below Blair's Mills. Three Lick Greek rises in the southwest end of the township, and flows southwest into Dublin township. There are some twenty-five or thirty tributaries of the above-named creeks, but without names. Pioneer Settlers.— In the "Land Lien Docket" for Huntingdon County may be found a right granted Feb. 3, 1755, to Barnabas Barnes, for a tract of land in Tell, or what is now Tell township. Just where this tract was located, or whether Mr. Barnes settled on it, we have been unable to ascertain ; however, many tracts of land are located by parties who never see the land or know anything of its value only through their agents. Among the pioneer settlers of what is now Tell township we find the following who located here pre vious to 1800 : Samuel McMath came to this town ship in the year 1780, and located in the valley near the mouth of Trough Spring Branch Creek, where several of his descendants still reside. John Mc Math, son of Samuel, located at the Ridge. Robert Vaughan located some time in 1780 or 1781, on the farm now owned by his son, Robert Vaughan, who is now an old man. He located northwest from what is now Blair's Mills. James Stonkard located near Blair's Mills previous to 1790. The farm is now owned by Mrs. James Orr. Thomas Morrow located here in 1784. He came with his father, Richard Morrow, who was grandfather of J. B. Morrow, son of Thomas, and took up one hundred acres of land, * now the property of J. A. Blair. J. B. Morrow is now a resident of the hamlet of Blair's Mills. Robert Stonkard was one of the pioneers of this part of Tell. The property is now owned by G. H. & R. A. Speer. William McMullen located in the north part of Tell in 1786. The tract that he located is now owned by J. M. Blair, J. M. Morrison, and Robinson. Isaac Gifford located west of Blair's Mills in 1780. There were also William Gifford and Joseph Gifford. The Gifford tract is still in the Gifford family. Jona than S. Briggs, John Gilliland, and John Jef fries located in this township in 1790. Among the other early settlers in this neigborhood were Jacob Stong, Adam Stong, Sr., Adam Stong, Jr.', Daniel Stong, James Pattison, William Down, Samuel Briggs, John Briggs, and Michael Kern, all of whom were here previous to 1791. The pioneer locator and settler in the Shade Val ley, or rather along Trough Spring Creek, southwest of Shade Valley post-office, was Jacob Goshorn, who came here in 1780. This name has been written dif ferently at different periods, first Ganshorn, then Gooshorn, as will be found in early town records, and now Goshorn. He located a large tract along this valley, for nearly or quite three and a half miles by one mile wide. The tract ran nearly a mile north east of Shade Valley post-office, or Silverthorn's Mills. The original tract is owned in part as follows : Samuel Book, three hundred and sixty-eight acres ; William P. Goshorn, one hundred and fifty acres; Martin Fleming, eighty acres ; Samuel Waters, one hundred and twenty acres ; and Robert Goshorn owns a large plantation out of the original tract. Samuel Book located here in 1849. The Quinns and Wagners were also early settlers in this locality. Along farther towards the southwest end of the township we find the families of Felmlee, Shorp, Wilson, Cisney, Waters, Parsons, Chilcote, Bollinger, and others, who located here from 1795 to 1820. Religious, — From the number of meeting-houses in Tell township used for religious purposes it would naturally be inferred that the spiritual welfare of the inhabitants had not been forgotten, however much it might have been neglected in after-years. For want of proper records we are unable to give date of organi zation of the societies or churches, names of pioneer members, or date of building the meeting-houses, ex cept in one or two instances, and must content our- 366 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. -selves with giving merely the location of each. One of the United Brethren's Churches is located opposite the school-house, in the Parsons settlement, south part of the township. Adjoining the church is the bury- ing-ground. Methodist Episcopal Church, located in the hamlet of Nossville, built in 1872. The old Union Church, north of Nossville, built in 1830, has not been occupied for a long time, and is fast going to decay. Mount Zion United Brethren Church, north west of Blair's Mills, was built in 1852. W. B. Mc Mullen, James Rhea, and Edward Roles are among its prominent members. There is also a small Meth odist Episcopal Church situate in the extreme north point of the township, the membership of which is nearly or quite all residents of Juniata County. Rich- vale Methodist Epis copal Church, located on Silverthorn's Mill, or Shade Valley post- office, is a neat frame building, erected in 1874. D. P. Osborn is the superintendent of the Sunday-school connected with this church, and Revs. Dunning and Hamm are the preachers on this circuit. Villages and Ham lets. — Nossville is a flourishing little hamlet, located about midway between the southwest and north east end of the town ship, on the banks of the Tuscarora Creek. There is at this place quite an extensive tannery, built in 1848 or 1849, and now owned and operated by Oswill B. Mosser, who also owns a store in connec tion with his tannery. There is also a store at this place by William B. Kling. The grist- and saw-mills of Thomas Cisney, located half a mile above the town, were built in 1836 or 1837. There is also at Nossville a blacksmith-, shoe-shop, post-office, and Methodist Episcopal Church. David Mosser, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Lehigh County, Pa. His ancestors are of German extraction, and settled in the above- named county prior to the Revolutionary war. David, when seventeen years old, entered as an apprentice the tannery of Benjamin Semmel, at Neffville, Lehigh Co., and remained there until 1862, working as a journeyman after having learned his trade. In the last-named year he went to Lehighton and assumed the management of the tannery of Stephen Kissler This he managed so successfully that when the Kiss ler Brothers, in 1870, built their large tannery in Lock Haven, he was asked by them to fill the important position of manager thereof, which position he ac cepted and still retains. It is a very large establish ment, and has an average capacity of twelve hundred hides per week. Mr. Mosser married Miss Eliza Houseman, who was born in Lehigh County, and was daughter of Jacob Houseman. Their children are Albert, Oswill B., Elias, Joseph, and Martha. Os will B. was born in Lehigh Couuty on the 28th day ' of January, 1854. When seventeen years old he with his father's family removed to Lock Haven, where he met, and on the 25th day of March, 1881, married Miss Alpha Rippy, who was born in Lock Haven, Dec. 29, 1859, and is daughter of Frank and Frances (Stringfeller) Rippy. They have one child, viz., Frank D., born July 1, 1882. When eleven years of age Oswill B. commenced work in the tannery of Stephen Kissler, in which he worked only summers at first and went to school winters. After he was seventeen years old he devoted his entire time to the business, and event ually became skilled in all its branches. In 1848, Col. George Noss built a steam in Noss- Huntingdon Co., which was oper ated until 1870, when it was burned down. It was then owned by Messrs. Hense, Reese & Sons, who at once rebuilt it on the foundation ofthe old one. Itwas kept in operation until 1878, when it was closed, and remained closed until 1881, when Oswill B. Mosser bought it of Robert Harkison, who had come into pos session of it through the Spanogles. It was then in a very dilapidated condition, but has been put in thorough repair, and now gives employment to twenty men, and turns out one hundred and fifty hides per week. Its stock is drawn on wagons to Orbisonia, and from there shipped to all points east and west. Its greatest drawback is the scarcity of bark, which will be obviated upon the completion of railroads now in contemplation. Mr. Mosser is a young man who has made his business a study and loves it, and is now ¦ y~ Noss buili TELL TOWNSHIP. 367 managing his works with skill and marked suc cess. Blair's Mills is located between the Narrows and Tuscarora Creeks, a short distance above their con fluence, and on the northeast border of the township and county. There is at this place a grist- and saw mill, chop-mill, blacksmith- and shoe-shop, and store. The place was settled and the first grist-mill built as early as 1790, and a second mill upon the site of the first, which had been burned, was built as early as 1820, and the present grist-mill built in 1839, upon the site of the two former, by John Blair. He subse quently sold to his son, A. C. Blair, who in 1875 sold the mill to John A. Blair,, grandson of John Blair, and is the present owner. The chop-, and .sumach- mill, built subsequently to the building of the grist mill, is now owned by J, A. Blair. The saw-mill was built by A. C. Blair, and sold subsequently to J. A. Blair, present owner. The store, which is doing quite an extensive busi ness, has passed under several firm-names, as follows : A. C. Blair, A. C. & J. H. Blair, Blair & Morrison, D. H. Morrison, Blair & Morrison, J. A. & J. M. Blair, Blair & Son and J. M. Blair, the present owner, with J. B. Morrow as clerk. One of the black smith-shops is owned by J. A. Blair, and operated by Henry Knox, blacksmith ; and the other is owned by James Gifford, with John Knox as blacksmith. Shade Valley Post-Office. — This beautiful little hamlet, nestled down among the hills in what is known as Shade Valley, is also known as familiarly by the names of " Silverthorn's Mill" and " Rich vale" as by the former name. It is also located on the old Jacob Goshorn tract, and surrounded by rich farm ing and grazing lands ; and although far from any railroad or other public improvement, there is. a large amount of business done here, and the thrift of the little town is plain to behold in the neat appearance of the town generally. The first grist-mill at this place was built, as near as can be ascertained, one hundred years ago, and no doubt Jacob Goshorn, the then owner of the land, was the prime mover in the work. Two mills have preceded the present grist-mill, which was built in 1865 or 1866 by Richard Silverthorn, and is still owned by the Silverthorn family. The first store at this place was opened in 1865 by William McFeeter, who had been a sutler in the army. He subsequently sold to Kepler, and Kepler sold • to ' Parsons, who sold to Messrs. Crawford & Mc Culloch. The firm-name was again changed to Jones & Birdge, who sold out to Blair, and in the spring of 1882 H. S. Thompson became proprietor, also post master at the Shade Valley post-office. The first blacksmith at this place was a Mr. Stinson, who was succeeded by — Fogle, and he by J. C. Pyle, the present blacksmith. Bollinger Town is one of the smallest hamlets in the township, yet is- known throughout this section by this name. It is located at the head-waters of Trough Spring Creek, in Shade Valley. There are at this place two or three dwellings and the remains of a school-house. Educational. — There are in Tell township eight school districts, in which were five months' school taught in 1881, with an average attendance of two hundred scholars during the term. Total tax levied in the township for school purposes during the year, $945.60; State appropriation, $199.92; total expendi tures during the year, $1028.51. There were eight male teachers employed, at $21 each per month. Civil List. — The following is a list of the principal township officers since its organization : constables. 1810, James McNeal; 1811, William Waters; 1812, Jacob Gooshorn ; 1813, Jacob Crow; 1814, Abraham Hagey; 1815, Thomas Murphy; 1816, David Parsons; 1817, Michael Kern; 1818, John Parsons; 1819, John Jeffries ; 1820, Jacob Gooshorn ; 1821-22, Samuel Walters ; 1823, John McMath; 1824, Samuel Walters; 1825, David Parrout; 1826, David Parsons ; 1827, Philip Walters ; 1828-30, David Parsons ; 1831, James Ford; 1832-33, David Hockedorn ; 1834-35, Nicholas Gooshorn ; 1836, Samuel Gooshorn ; 1837, Nicholas Gooshorn ; 1838- 41, James PattiBon ; 1842-44, David Parsons ; 1845, Samuel Gooshorn ; 1846, Abraham Bollinger; 1847-48, George May ; 1849, William Goos horn; 1850-54, William Cawn ; 1855, William Vaughan; 1856-60, Robert Vawn ; 1861, Robert B. Jones ; 1862-66, William Vawn ; 1867 -68, R. B. Jones; 1869, Wm. Vawn ; 1870-73, G. M. Briggs; 1874, J. H. Coulter; 1875, F. S. Briggs; 1876, George Smittle; 1877, William Wilson Vawn ; 1878-79, George Schmittel ; 1880, J. S. Vanwhy ; 1881, T. J. Love. SUPERVISORS. 1810, John Jeffries, Andrew Campbell ; 1811, Jacob Grier, Lawrence Mc- Miller; 1814, William Gifford, George Magee; 1815, Samuel Mc Math, John French ; 1816, William Wilson, James Campbell ; 1817, Robert Vaughan, Jacob Gooshorn, jr. ; 1818, John Briggs, Jacob Bol inger; 1819, Hugh Doran, Archibald Stitt; 1820, James Jones, John Ward ; 1321, James McFaters, Frederick Cove ; 1822, Thomas Mor row, Jacob Gooshorn, Sr. ; 1823, Robert Sturkard, William Walters ; 1824, Jacob Gooshorn, Nesbet Jeffries; 1825, David Hockedorn, Jacob Wagner; 1826, Benjamin Briggs, Samuel Gooshorn; 1827, George GooBhorn, John McMath; 1828, Jacob Heagy, David Hock edorn ; 1829, James McNail, Samuel Gooshorn; 1830, John Briggs, Isaac Gifford ; 1831, James Pattison, Abraham Bollinger ; 1832, John French, William Colter ; 1833, John Ward, John Jeffries; 1834, Wil liam Wilson, John McMath; 1835, George Gooshorn, James James; 1836, John Stinkard, Samuel B. McFeaters ; 1837, Robert McFarlan, James Ford; 1838, William Orr, John Briggs; 1839, William Goo shorn, Jacob Shoup; 1840, John McMath, Michael Bolinger; 1841, Jonathan Briggs, James Jones ; 1842, James Coulter, Joshua Price; 1843, William McMullin, George Wilson; 1844,-George Gooshorn, John Snyder,; 1845, Jacob Hegie, John Jones; 1846, John Hegie, James Patterson ; 1847, William Morrow, David Parsons ; 1848, Wil liam Gooshorn, William Orr ; 1849, Samuel Gooshorn, David Hocke dorn ; 1850, Robert Morrow, James Pattison; 1851, Samuel Parsons, Nicholas Gooshorn ; 1852, John Fultz, George Wilson ; 1853. John Sturkard, William Clayton ; 1854, John Beaver, Thomas Cisney ; 1855, — ; ; 1856, John McMath, Samuel Book ; 1857, James Pat tison ; 1858, W. McMullin, C. Stohlman ; 1859, William Vaughn, John Jones ; 1860, J. S. Briggs, V. Schmittle ; 1861, James Coulter, David Reader ; 1862, Benjamin Briggs, John Hagie ; 1863, W. Coulter, W. Clayton; 1864, James McNeal, Samuel Berger; 1865, John M. Lou den, Lewis Evans; 1866, JameB Gifford, Jackson Briggs; 1867, John Jones, Samuel Watters ; 1868, J. S. Briggs, M. J. Shoop ; 1869, M. S. Shearer, Vos. Schmittel; 1870, S. Widney, S. Book; 1872, Samuel Watters, V. Schmitle ; 1873, A. S. Cisney, M. Shearer; 1874, Robert Parson, W. X. Orr; 1875, R B. Jones, Samuel Briggs ; 1876, George Vaum, J. F. Parson; 1877, Jacob Starr, David Snyder; 1878, W. B. McMullen, V. Schmittel ; 1879, V. Schmittel, Joseph Snyder; 1880, M. F. Shoop, Michael Shearer ; 1881, Michael Shearer, M. F. Shoop. 368 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. OVERSEERS OF THE POOR. 1810, Samuel McMath, William Wilson ; 1811, Samuel Parsons, Michael Run ; 1820, Thompson Manard, Jr., John French ; 1822, James Campbell, John Walters; 1825, Robert Blair, Robert McFarlan ; 1826, Abraham Bollinger, James Jones ; 1827, Jacob Wagoner, John Jeffries; 1828, Nicholas Gooshorn, James Jones ; 1829, James Piper Thomas Orr ; 1830, David Hockedorn, Josepli Parsons ; 1831, Benja min Briggs, Samuel Parsons ; 1832, Robert McFarlan, William Scott ; 1833, David Parsons, Philip Walters; 1834, Samuel Patterson, Samuel Parsons ; 1835, John McMath, John French ; 1836, Peter Kern, Jacob Hegie; 1837, John Watter, William McGee ; 1838, Benjamin Briggs, George Mayhath ; 1839,- ; 1840, Jacob Shoop, James Patti son ; 1841, William McMullin, William Hicks ; 1842, William Clay ton, William Hicks; 1843, William Hicks, Frederick Love; 1844, Joshua Price, M.F. Shoop ; 1845, John Carl, William Clayton ; 1846, Jacob G. Jones, James Jones; 1847, J.G.Jones, Jacob Gooshorn; 1848, Abraham Bollinger, Jacob Sboop ; 1849, David Hockedorn, James McNeal ; 1850, Benjamin Ramsey, William Mitchell ; 1851, Jonathan Briggs, Daniel Conn ; 1852, H. Wilson, W. Walters; 1853, William Cawn, Thomas Love ; 1854, Samuel Parsons, W. S. Lyons; 1855, ; 1856, Alexander Gilland, Samuel Burdge; 1857, ; 1858, . CHAPTER LVI. TOD TOWNSHIP. Tod was erected from Union township in April, 1838. The townships of Penn and Cass bound it on the northeast, Cass and Clay on the southeast, Carbon on the southwest, and Hopewell and Lincoln on the northwest. It lies between Sideling Hill on the east and Terrace Mountain on the west. Wray's Hill and Rocky Ridge cross its eastern part in a northeasterly and southwesterly direction, and in the western por tion, north and south from the valley of Trough Creek, are extensive mountains, covered with timber and uninhabited. Trough Creek crosses the eastern part of the town ship, between Wray's Hill and Rocky Ridge, running in a southeasterly direction into Cass, from which it again enters Tod, pursuing a southwesterly course, then bends to the northwest, and leaves the township near its northwest corner. Yellow Branch, Sugar Creek, and Haw Run are the principal affluents of Trough Creek in this township. Another stream runs southeasterly along the base of Terrace Mountain, and after uniting with Tatman's Run passes through a gap in this mountain and empties into Raystown Branch in Lincoln township. Three principal highways traverse the eastern part of the township in a northeasterly and southwesterly direction, and another pursues a like course through the valley at the base of Terrace Mountain, in the eastern part, known as Illinois Valley. Another fol lows the valley of Trough Creek in an easterly and westerly direction, through nearly the middle of the township. East Broad Top Railroad crosses the south eastern corner of the township. Agriculture is almost the sole industry in the town ship. The farms are in the valleys and on the sides of the ridges and hills by which the township is tra versed. The soil is fertile, especially in the valleys. The produce raised here formerly found its market at places on the line of the Pennsylvania Canal but since mining operations became active in this region there has been a demand here for all the surplus pro duce that could be raised. The township includes no boroughs, but has two villages. That of Beaver is on Trough Creek near the northern boundary of the township. It has ten or twelve dwellings, a store, and a church. Tod post-office is located there. Newburg is a short dis tance from Trough Creek, in the western part of the township. It has about twenty houses, a store, a few shops, and two churches. Trough Creek post-office is located, here. There is a post-office called Eagle Foundry a short distance southeast from the geographical centre of the township. East Broad Top and Cole's Summit are post-offices on the East Broad Top Railroad. There are four public cemeteries in the township, one in the southwestern part, one near Beaver vil lage, and two near Newburg. There are also several private burial-grounds in different parts of the town ship. The township has nine public schools, in which in ' 1881 two hundred and seventy-six scholars were in structed. These schools were maintained during five months of that year. The population of the township in 1850 was 1222 ; in 1860, 808 ; iu 1870, 781 ; and in 1880, 848. Pioneers. — Nearly all the first settlers in Tod town ship came here from Maryland. The country which they traversed in their migrations hither was then an untamed wilderness, inhabited only by the wild In dians, and filled with the ferocious denizens of the forest. These adventurous pioneers were not the effeminate sons of luxury, who desired only lives of . ease within the shade of their ancestral mansions, but active, energetic men, who were ready to encounter and surmount the difficulties which environed them, to brave the dangers of the untamed wilderness, and to plant in the fertile valleys, among the rugged mountains of this region, a civilization similar to that which they left behind them. It is not possible now to learn the names of all these pioneers. Those who have no descendants here have mostly passed to ob livion, and of those families that are still repre sented in the township, the name and generation of the pioneer here is in many cases forgotten. John Plummer, whose descendants reside in Tod, came to Lincoln between 1760 and 1770. John Ed wards located in this township in 1785. Jacob Houck purchased the farm which then included the site oi Cook's grist-mill in 1786. Michael and William Houck, the last of whom erected a log mill where this now stands, came in 1787; Neal Clark in 1790; Henry Elias and John Taylor (then Schneider) in 1795 ; Frederic Heeter, Azariah McClain, and John Keith in 1800. The families of these are numerously TOD TOWNSHIP. 369 represented here, and others might be named but for the lack of care on the part of many in preserving the records and traditions of their ancestors. The Boquet Lands. — On the 25th and 26th days of August, 1767, Richard Tea, deputy surveyor of the southern district of the county, surveyed, or caused to be surveyed, in pursuance of four warrants dated respectively the 20th day of September, 1762, and three dated the 14th day of February, 1763, granted to Col. Henry Boquet, seven adjacent tracts near the base of Broad Top Mountain, in what is now known as Plank Cabin Valley, Tod township. These lands have in recent years been called the Powel and Haldeman lands, and are now owned by John Griffith, Miller, and others. The tracts were numbered and designated as follows : No. Name of Tract. Area. 6 187K acres. 7 1734? " 8. " The Mouth of Hunter's Spring" 214?| " 9. "The Two Runs" , 226J2 " 10. "The Savanna" 229 " 11. "The Fine Meadows" 229 " 12. The Two Springs 229 " 14891^ " The five warrants preceding the above in number were located in Bedford County. (Boquet died be tween May, 1765, and July, 1767.) Mills. — There have in times past been many saw mills in the township, and as the timber in their vicinity has been converted into lumber they have been suffered to decay, and now no trace can be found of some of these. There are still remaining four, — one near the Beaver-Mill, one near Paradise Furnace, one near 0. E. Cook's grist-mill, and one on Sugar Creek, near its junction with Trough Creek. Beavertown grist-mill, on Trough Creek, near the village of that name, was first built of logs by Walter Hudson in the last decade of the eighteenth century. It became the property in succession of John Mc Clain, Jonathan Barnett, and James A. Cook, the present owner. In 1855, Mr. Cook built a brick mill near the site of the old log structure. This has three run of stones. The old mill had at first a run of rock 8tones,to which Mr. McClain added a set of buhr stones. Cook's grist-mill, on Trough Creek, in the south eastern part of the township, was first built by Wil liam Houck about the beginning of the present cen tury. It was a log building, and had one run of rock stones. It was afterwards purchased by Samuel McClain and run by him about twenty years, when he rebuilt it of logs. In 1846, James Entrekin pur chased it from the heirs of Mr. McClain, and built on its site the present framed mill. It was purchased soon afterwards by the late Isaac Cook, and it is now owned and carried on by his son, O. E. Cook. It has two run of stones. On the same stream, a short distance above this mill, Joshua Edwards erected in 1836 what in old times was known as a fulling-mill. The march of improvement has rendered this, as well as all other 24 ' establishments of the kind, useless; but the old log building still stands, a relic of the times and a memento of an ancient domestic industry. A tannery was formerly in existence near Cook's grist-mill, but nothing has been done in it during many years. Paradise Furnace and Eagle Foundry were formerly operated, but operations have ceased in both. The only coal-mine now operated in Tod township is that of John Dougherty, which was opened by him in 1876, about a mile from East Broad Top Railroad and a mile and a half below Cook's Station. It is called the Rocky Ridge Mine, from the ridge in which it was opened. A tramway runs from the mouth of the drift to the railroad, and over this the coal from the mine is taken in cars. The vein which is here worked has an average thickness of four and one-half feet. The daily output is ten tons. Trough Creek Methodist Episcopal Church.— A Methodist society was formed in the northern part of the township before the commencement of the present century, and a log church building was erected. The only remaining record of the early proceedings of that society is an article of agreement by Henry Elias, granting the use of the site of this house. The original church was finished within in primitive style, with a rude gallery, slab benches, and a high pulpit. About fifty years since this was remodeled, and the rough benches were replaced by comfortable slips. This church edifice was used till 1861, when it was taken down, and the present building was erected on its site. It is located near Trough Creek, about a mile south from Beavertown. It is a brick structure, with a seating capacity of four hundred and fifty. In the absence of early records it is not possible to learn the names of all the ministers who officiated here during the first decades of the society's existence. Of those who have been in charge the following are recollected ; their names are given without reference to the order of their pastorates : Revs. Joshua Gos- neel, James Sansom, Haas, William Hank, Jacob Larkin, James Hudson, Sexsmith, Dorsey, Nathaniel Mills, Jacob Gruber, Peter Mc Nally, John McNally, James Riley, Tobias Riley, Stevenson, Isaac Collins, Edward E. Allen, Jared H. Young, William Butler, Amos Smith, Robert Beers, Barton De Forest, Josiah Forest, Thomas Hil debrand, Thomas F. Dyerly, Richard Hinkle, Joseph Spangler, Zane Bland, McMullen, John Moore- head, John Hoover, David Trout. Since 1855 the following have been in charge in the order named : Revs. George Berkstresser, G. W. Bouse, G. T. Gray, Hugh Lynn, James A. Coleman, J. F. Brown, J. D. Moore, Cambridge Graham, Thomas Greenly, R. E. Kelly, D. B. McCloskey, John Guss, J. D. Leckey, J. McKindless, S. A. Creveling, A. W. Decker, G. W. Dunlap, T. F. McClure, E. Shoemaker, and the pres ent pastor, William Meminger. Asbury Chapel. — Early in the present century a 370 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Methodist society was formed, and a log church erected at Mount Pleasant, near Eagle Foundry. Worship was held in this building till 1852, when a brick church edifice was erected at Eagle Foundry, and christened as above. It was a substantial build ing, forty by forty-four feet in size. During the pres ent year (1882) this was taken down, and a new chapel is in process of erection on its site. This is to be thirty by forty feet, and finished in modern style. This charge has always belonged to the Cassville Circuit, and the clergymen named in the history of Trough Creek Methodist Episcopal Church have officiated here. Newburg Methodist Episcopal Church. — As early as 1830 Methodist services were held in the vicinity of Newburg, sometimes in school-houses, but oftener in private houses. In the residences of Adams Houck, John P. Schnerr, Thomas Anderson, Amos Clark, and others such services were held. The first class was formed here between 1830 and 1840. Among the earliest class-leaders were Adams Houck, John P. Schnerr, James Gillam, Jacob Hess, and others. During many years the school-house was the place of worship for this society, but a church edifice was finally erected at the village of Newburg. It is a wooden building, with a seating capacity of three hundred. This charge has always constituted a part of the Cassville Circuit, and the same preachers who have served the Trough Creek society have been in charge here. St. James' (Lutheran) Church of Newburg. — In 1848 a Lutheran missionary, Rev. J. N. Burket, first preached at Chestnut Grove school-house, near New burg. At that time John Piper, Mrs. Mary Fisher, Mrs. Mary Taylor, Mrs. Elizabeth Aurandt, and Mrs. Catharine Crum were the only Lutherans in this vicinity. The number increased, and Nov. 20, 1859, a church was organized, with the following constituent members : J. R. Bricker (pastor), Joseph Fisher, Chris tian Fisher, John Piper, Mary Fisher, Ellen Fisher, Jemima Fisher, Melinda Piper, John Benson, Sarah Benson, and George Flanagan. The congregation con tinued to worship in this school-house till 1867, when the present church edifice, at the village of Newburg, was first occupied. It is a frame building, with a seating capacity of three hundred. Its cost was thirteen hundred dollars. The clergymen in charge of this church have been Revs. J. R. Bricker, M. G. Boyer, Jeremiah Frazier, Samuel Croft, and the present pastor, William Lingle. Cole's Valley Methodist , Protestant Church was organized in 1844. The school-house has always been the place of worship of this society. Among the pioneers in this society were Jesse P. Smith, John Chilcote, William Hess, and others, who are still active members of the church of their choice. The pastors have been Revs. R. S. Norris, T. K. Helmholt, 1844; R. S. Norris, J. D. Brook, 1845; J. K. Helmbolt, D. D. Hamilton, 1846; J. M. Elder- dise, 1847; R. T. Boyed, 1849; J. M. Dennis, 1850; J. Clay, 1851 ; Theophilus Burton, 1852 ; J. F. White side, 1853; D. G. Holmes, 1855; T. C. Ewen, 1857 • J. M. Elderdise, 1858; J. D. Ewell, 1860; j[ Clay' 1861 ; G. W. Simpson, 1862 ; J. Clay, 1864 ; A. Hut-' ton, 1865; J. M. Mason, 1867; D. H. Myers, 1873- J..R. Kahle, 1876; H. Swerter, 1877; E. P. Jorden! W. H. Gladen, 1879; D. F. Williams, 1880; and l M. Mason. Church of God of Beavertown.— This society was organized in 1867. The constituent members at its organization were Andrew Anderson and wife Thomas Mansberger and wife, Samuel Saylor and wife, Peter Rickabaugh and wife, Peter Rickabaugh, Jr., and wife, Erastus Black and wife, Maria Bryan A. G. Anderson, W. H. Anderson, Mary Belle Saylor, Daniel Mansberger, and Susan Anderson. The place of worship for a year was the school- house at Beavertown, but in 1868 the present church edifice was erected in that village. It is a frame house thirty-five by forty feet, and its cost was fifteen hundred dollars. The first pastor was Rev. W. P. Winbigler, followed successively by Revs. Simon Fleagle, J. A. McDonald, D. A. Mumaugh, E. H. Reever, C. C. Barrels, and the present pastor, Harry Long. Patrons of Husbandry.— Trough Creek Grange, No. 444, P. of H., was instituted in January, 1875, with twenty-two charter members. The officers at its organization were, Isaac Taylor, W. M. ; J. Evans, W. O. ; I. Curfman, W. C. ; Eli Keith, W. S. ; and H. D. Taylor, W. T. In its practical operations the grange has accom plished much good. Not only have the financial interests of its members been promoted by associ ation and concert of action, but in its social features it has been an entire success. The rural population of the township have been brought often together in the grange hall, and these have not only cultivated a closer intimacy and more friendly relations than would otherwise have arisen, but subjects of interest pertaining to agriculture and other topics have been discussed, and the investigations to which these dis cussions have led have been very profitable. The Masters of the grange have been Isaac Taylor, Jonathan Evans, George W. McClain, and Jonah Books. The present Worthy Master is H. D. Taylor. Civil List. — The principal officers of the township since its organization have been as follows : CONSTABLES. 1838, John Hoover ; 1839, James Edwards ; 1840, John McLain, Jr.; 1841, James McElroy; 1842, John S. Houck ; 1843, John Kurfman ; 1844, Abner Sheeder; 1845, John Myerly; 1846, John P. Snare; 1847-50, Samuel Houck ; 1851-53, Solomon Chilcote ; 1854, A. J. Dunlap ; 185S, David Shoup; 1856, A. J. Dunlap; 1857, G. W. Horton; 1858-69, Jacob Elias; 1860-61, Algernon Clark; 1862, Abraham Elias; 1863, Thomas Hall ; 1864, Solomon Chilcote; 1865, Abraham Elias; 1866, Jacob Elias; 1867, B. F. Clark; 1868-69, Isaac Curfman; 1870-73, I. Curfman ; 1874-75, W. H. Benson; 1876-77, M. J. Elias; 1878, W. H. Benson ; 1879, Amos Griffith ; 1880-81, M. M. Green. UNION TOWNSHIP. 371 SUPERVISORS. 18 Henry Horton, John P. Schnerr: 1839, Jacob Elias, Henry Horton ; 1840, John Henderson, Henry Miller; 1841, John Henderson, John McLane; 1842-43, John Henderson, Philip Barnet; 1844, Joshua Edwards, John P. Schnerr ; 1845, Henry Horton, Israel Baker ; 1846, James McLain, Henry Elias; 1847, D. Aurandt, James McLain ; 1848 -49 Frederick Heeter, Isaac Cook ; 1860, Frederick Heeter, George Keith ; 1851, Jesse Cook, William Staple-ton ; 1852-53, John Fisher, John Henderson; 1854, Joseph Diggins, Samuel Stinson; 1855, Frederick Heeter, Jesse McLain ; 1856-57, Jesse McLain, James Gil lam; 1858, John Heeter.Isaac Curfman ; 1869-60, Amos Clark, Isaac Cook; 1861, Amos Clark, Isaac Taylor; 1862, Isaac Taylor, John Horton ; 1863, John Horton, David Miller; 1864, David Miller, Amos Clark ; 1865-66, Adams Houck, Isaac Cook ; 1867, Amos Clark, Jacob Taylor; 1868-69, David Miller, Daniel Crum; 1870, John Benson, A. Elias; 1872-78, John Benson, J. McLain; 1874, Isaac Taylor, Nicholas Crum ; 1875, Nicholas Crum, David Miller ;. 1876-77, Daniel Crum, W. J. Houck ; 1878, Daniel Crum, George Hoffman ; 1879, George Hoffman, G. W. Baker; 1880, G. W. Baker, I. Taylor; 1881, L Taylor, Samuel Taylor. OVERSEERS. 138, Philip Barnet, John Myrley; 1839, John Henderson, Philip Bar- net; 1840-41, John Henderson, Henry Miller; 1842-43, John .Hen derson, Philip Barnet; 1844, John P. Snare, James Edwards; 1845, Henry Horton, Israel Baker ; 1846, James McLain, Henry Lias ; 1847, John Henderson, James McLain ; 1848-49, Frederick Heeter, Isaac Cook ; 1850, Frederick Heeter, George Keith ; 1851, W. Stapleton, Jesse Cook; 1852-53, John Fisher, John Henderson; 1854, Joseph Diggins, Samuel Stinson; 1855, H. L. Green, John Piper; 1856, Solomon Houck, Jonathan Evans ; 1857, . CHAPTER LVII. UNION TOWNSHIP. i Union was set off from Hopewell in June, 1791. i It then included the townships of Tod, Cass, and Carbon,— the entire Trough Creek Valley. It lies i just south from the centre of the county, and on the i northeast is separated from Henderson and Brady i townships by the Juniata River, on its southeast i boundary is the township of Shirley, on the south i Cass, and on the northwest Penn and Juniata town- i ships. It lies between Jack's Mountain on the south- ; east and Terrace Mountain on the northwest, and be- > tween these, extending northeasterly and southwest erly through the township, are Clear Ridge and iSideling Hill, dividing the township into three i nearly parallel valleys. Of these valleys the widest is that of Trough Creek on the west, between Ter- jrace Mountain and Sideling Hill. Through this valley, as indicated by its name, runs Trough Creek, which rises in Terrace Mountain, and flows through the township in a southwesterly direction, receiving many affluents in its course. It is remarkable that the waters of this creek, after making a circuit of more than a hundred miles and discharging into Raystown Branch and then into the Juniata River, pass within half a mile of the source of the stream. Along this stream passes a highway, on which is Colfax post- office, southwest from the geographical centre of the township, and Calvin, near its southern boundary. Many excellent farms are in this valley, which by reason of its width affords a large area of arable land. Smith's Valley lies between Sideling Hill and Clear Ridge. It is traversed by Smith's Valley Creek, which rises near the southern boundary of the town ship, and runs northeasterly through two-thirds of its length, then turns abruptly toward the east, passes through Clear Ridge Gap, and empties into the Ju niata River near the borough of Mapleton. A high way also follows the course of this creek and con tinues northward through the township. This valley is also dotted with farms through its entire length. Of the other valley Lytle says, "Hare's Valley takes its name from Jacob Hare, a Tory, who resided and owned a large tract of land in the valley during the Revolutionary war. Although he did not take up arms against the colonists, he was active in contrib uting aid to the British cause, and was suspected of being engaged in the murder of Loudenslager, who was on his way from his home in Kishacoquillas Valley to join a company that was being raised for the Con tinental service at Standing Stone. The people be came so much incensed at Hare that both his ears were cut off by Capt. Thomas Blair's Rangers, who bad pursued Weston and his band of Tories on their expedition to Kittanning." Pioneers. — After the lapse of more than a century, in the absence of authentic records, it is difficult to recall the names of the pioneers in any region. This portion of Huntingdon County was settled almost wholly by immigrants from Maryland, who came over Indian trails and brought their effects on their backs or on the backs of animals. They were hardy, active, and energetic people, who left the borders of civilization and braved the dangers of the wilderness and endured the hardships and privations of pioneer life to make for themselves and their children com fortable homes in what they foresaw would become a populous region. Of these settlers and their earliest descendants in Hare's Valley tradition retains the names of John Shoop, John Loughrey (who owned the tract where the log grist-mill now is), Henry Freed, Henry Dell, and Jacob Miller. These have descendants remaining in this vicinity. In Smith's Valley, commencing at the line between Cass and Union, there were Hughey Johnson, John Loughrey, Philip Curfman, Levi Smith, Eliel Smith (from whom the valley was named), Asa Corbin, and probably some others. In Trough Creek Valley, commencing at its north ern part, there were Richard Chilcott, and his sons William and Richard; John Wright, the father of Abraham, Jesse, and John ; William Estep, James Estep, Michael Mierley, the father of Solomon Mi- erly, who still resides there ; Michael, John, David, and Jacob Bumgartner ; Samuel Pheasant, the father of William and Samuel ; Jacob Dean, and his sons Jonathan, Zachariah, and Enoch. The Weight Family.— Some time before the for mation of Huntingdon County, in 1787, John, Abra ham, and William Wright, three brothers, settled in 372 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. what is now Clay townshipi They had migrated from Baltimore County, Md. Abraham lived in Hare's Valley, northeast of Saltillo, and was for many years a justice of the peace. He removed to the West. John had married in Baltimore County a Miss Hen- don. After a residence of some years on the waters of the Three Springs Creek, he purchased from Sam uel Lilly a tract of about three hundred acres lying on both sides of Trough Creek, between the Dean and Chilcott farms, which had been improved in 1773 or 1774 by Samuel Dean. His children were, — Thomas, who moved to Ohio or Indiana. Sally, who married Daniel Gosnell. John, who married a daughter of Joshua Gosnell, and moved to Ohio. Temperance, who married John Shaw. Betsey, who married Robinson Chilcote. Jemima, who married ¦ Estep. Amelia, who married Estep. Abraham, who married Catherine Mierley. Their sons were Jordan, Michael, Levi, Simeon, A. Wesley, and JamesC, and daughters, — Isabella married David Swope; Eliza married Richard Chilcott; Catharine married Samuel Foust; and Matilda married John Pheasant. Two of his sons, Simeon and A. Wesley, served as county commissioners. Jesse, born , who, July 10, 1810, married Ruth, daughter of Richard Chilcott, and died in Cassville. Simeon Wright, farmer and ex-county commis sioner, is one of Union township's sterling citizens. He was born April 25, 1818, upon the place now owned and occupied by J. C. Wright, in Union town ship. His father, Abraham (born in Olay township, 1785, and died in Union, 1866, aged eighty-one), came to Union township when a lad, with his father, John, who was one of the earliest of the settlers in Clay township. Abraham married Catharine, daughter of Michael Myerly, of Huntingdon County, and upon his marriage took possession of the present J. C. Wright farm. He had eleven children, of whom there are now living four sons and three daughters. Simeon Wright remained as an assistant to his father upon the homestead until his marriage, in 1843, to Eleanor, daughter of Jacob Eastep, of Union town ship. Their children have numbered seven, of whom six are living,— James M., Martha Jane, Thomas J., Mary A., Albert G., and Lavinia A. After his mar riage Simeon took charge of his father's farm, and carried it on continuously for twenty-two years until his father's death, and then moved to the farm he now owns, previously owned by Jacob Eastep and the birthplace of Mrs. Simeon Wright. Mr. Wright has lived an active and stirring exist ence, not only as a husbandman, but as a wide-awake live citizen. Early in life he took a more than pass ing interest in military affairs, and as a citizen-soldier was for many years a prominent figure in his home section. In 1842 he was commissioned first lieutenant of the Trough Creek Guards, and in 1865 held a commission as captain in the Scott Artillery. In 1846 he was chosen justice of the peace, and for three successive terms was honored by re-election, so that he held the office continuously for twenty years He served as county commissioner from 1868 to 1871, and retired from his post with a record that did credit to himself and his constituents. Chilcott Family.— Richard Chilcott, son of Richard and Rachel Chilcott, was born in the town of Bridgewater, Somersetshire, England, on the 24th of February, 1746; came to America and lived for, some time in Baltimore County, Md., where on the 29th of May, 1774, he married Ruth, daughter of Zebulon Lovell. His children were as follows: Mary, Rachel, and Lydia all married and moved to the Western States ; William, born April 3, 1784, near Westminster, Md. ; Richard, Zebulon, Ruth, born Sept. 3, 1789, married Dr. Jesse Wright (see Cass township) ; Ethan, engaged in the iron business in Petersburg and died there ; and Julia, married ' Peter Hess. In the spring of 1774, James McCardell, acting upon the suggestion of John Dean, who lived at or near where John Myerly now resides, commenced an improvement on Little Trough Creek, above Dean's. He had erected a cabin and "half a barn and thresh ing-floor," and cleared about ten acres of ground. : His name appears on the assessment of Hopewell : township for 1776, where he is taxed with one nun- UNION TOWNSHIP. 373 dred acres of land, two acres cleared, one horse, and one cow. After the Breckenridge murders in Wood cock Valley by the Indians, McCardell moved his family from the valley and never returned. In 1784 or 1785, William Bailey took possession of the im provement, and lived there long enough to raise one crop of corn and one crop of fall grain, when he sold to Richard Chilcott, who obtained a warrant from the land office for three hundred acres March 6, 1788, upon which a survey was subsequently made. On this farm Mr. Chilcott made his home, there most of his children were born, and there he died Aug. 10, 1820. His wife, Ruth, died Aug. 10, 1810, and he married Susannah Lovell, Feb. 26, 1811, but had no children by the second marriage. His farm has been sub-divided into several parcels, owned by James C. Wright, who has the part where the homestead was, Simeon Wright, John David's heirs, and others. William, after arriving at manhood, married Han nah, daughter of William Lovell, and settled on the creek about a mile above his father's, and continued to lieside there until his death. His children were Arfbn, who died many years ago ; Ephraim, who lives on the homestead farm; Richard, who lives on the west side of the creek ; Mary, who married Nicholas Corbin ; Ruth, who married George D. Hudson ; Rachel, who married Levi Wright, and now resides at Mapleton ; and Emeline, who married John Whit ney, and now resides in Tod township. Richard married in this county, and with his family moved to Iowa many years ago, where he died. Two of his sons, Reuben and Thomas, live in Iowa; Ethan in Kansas ; and George M. in Colorado. The latter was delegate to Congress from Colorado when it was yet a Territory, and since it became a State represented it in the United States Senate. The Dean ard Miebxey Families. — John Dean was one of the first, if not the first person who effected a permanent settlement on the waters of Little Trough Creek. In October, 1772, he commenced an improvement on or near the spot where the residence of John Mierley stands, a short distance northeast of the village of Calvin, and continued to reside there until the fall of 1777, when, through alarm of Indian massacres, he fled with his family to a place of greater security. When affairs became more settled they re turned, resumed the cultivation of the farm until he sold to Michael Mierley, and then removed to the Raystown Branch. Samuel, a brother of John Dean, settled in 1773 higher up and on the western side of the creek, and the next year Thomas, another brother, made an improvement on the eastern side of the same stream, where John David, deceased, lived. Samuel and Thomas also fled during the Indian troubles.- The latter died of smallpox, and the former did not return, but sold his improvement right to Samuel Lilly, who never lived upon it, but sold to John Wright. When the Deans resolved to leave, such household goods as could not be carried were secreted to prevent their being destroyed by any band of In dians who might visit their abandoned home. The pewter dishes were buried in the sand deposits on the margin of the creek. On the return of the family, in exhuming the table-ware the deep impression of a deer's foot was found upon one of the dishes. This dish was long preserved as a reminder of the perils of picVieer life. It is probable that the deer in springing across the stream struck the dish with his foot on reaching the opposite margin. Michael Mierley moved from Pipe Creek settlement, Carroll Co., Md., to Trough Creek Valley about the year 1794, and bought the farm described above from John Dean. His wife, Elizabeth, was a daughter of Michael Bumgardner. Their children were Mary, who married John Bumgardner; Michael died un married ; John ; Catharine, born in 1792, married Abraham, son of John Wright; David; Elizabeth died unmarried ; Solomon, father of John and George ; Israel, died Feb. 25, 1820, aged fifteen years; Abra ham, born Dec. 28, 1807 ; and Rebecca, who married Benjamin Greenland. Some time after John Dean had settled here Richard Dowling and Peter Thompson located a short distance south from him, in what is now Cass township, and they all took up land, though at that time they could obtain no warrants. They acquired their rights of pre-emption by marking the bounda ries of their tracts with their axes. They thus took up about four hundred acres each. They were the first Settlers in Trough Creek Valley as far north as that point. Mr. Dean first came alone and erected a cabin of logs, covered with split clapboards and floored with puncheons or split boards, which were also used for making the furniture. Greased paper was used instead of glass in the windows, and all the arrangements in this cabin were in pioneer style. Having made these preparations he returned to Mary land for his wife, and they made the journey hither over an Indian trail, bringing their effects on the backs of a horse and two cows, and camping in the woods by night. Mr. Thompson brought his family in a similar way. Mr. Dowling was a bachelor. Mr. Dean's wife was Ann B. Isett, and their chil dren were six sons and one daughter, all of whom reached mature age, and were the progenitors of numerous representatives of this region. Mr. Thomp son also reared a large family, whose descendants are scattered through this part of the country. Mr. Dowling married Jane McGuire, the same spoken of in Jones' " History of Juniata Valley" as having escaped from hostile Indians by clinging to the tail of a cow, and thus being towed across the Juniata River. He left a family, whose descendants are not numerous. In 1850 the township numbered six hundred and thirty-one inhabitants ; in 1860, eight hundred and ninety-seven ; in 1870, seven hundred and eighty- nine ; and in 1880, 780. 374 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Civil List. — The principal officers of the township since its organization have been as follows : constables. 1792-95, Neal Clark ; 1796-97, Richard Chilcott; 1798-99, James Brown ; 1800-3, Phillip Schnerr; 1804, Samuel Shannon ; 1805, Casper Myers; 1806, Philip Miller ; 1807-8, iBaac Cook ; 1809, Elijah Hall ; 1810, William Lovell ; 1811-12, Joseph Kelley; 1813, Henry Elias; 1814, George Stever; 1815, John Chilcote; 1816-18, Jacob Elias; 1819, Joshua Gosnell; 1820, ; 1821, Jonathan Marsden ; 1822, Henry Berkstresser; 1823, Samuel McLane; 1824, George Smith; 1825, Robert Edwards ; 1826, Jacob Kurfman ; 1827-28, David Bum gartner ; 1829, Daniel Kurfman ; 1830, Peter Kurfman ; 1831, Caleb Greenland ; 1832, John Gosnell ; 1833, Jacob Chilcote ; 1834, Henry Elias ; 1835-36, Isaac Ashton; 1837, Samuel Pheasant ; 1838, Adam Stever; 1839, Jacob Eastep ; 1840, William R. Hampson ; 1841, Sol omon Myerly; 1842, Abraham Wright; 1843, Simeon Wright ; 1844, Ephraim Chilcott; 1845-46, George Stever; 1847-48, Levi Smith; 1849, George W. Hampson ; 1850, David Boring ; 1851, George W. Pheasant ; 1852, John Swigart ; 1853-54, Henry Pheasant ; 1855, Jonathan Doyle ; 1856, A. Swoope ; 1857, A. W. Shaw ; 1858, Abra ham Shaw; 1859-61), Philip Hooper ; 1861, Peter M. Beatty; 1862-63, John Pheasant ; 1864, Ephraim Greenland ; 1865, Samuel Dell ; 1866- 67, Thomas Dean; 1868, Levi Smith; 1869, James Quarry; 1870- 71, S. P. Smith ; 1872, G. M. Beatty ; 1873-74, Taylor Wright ; 1875, Samuel Smith; 1876, S. P. Smith; 1877, P. M. Beatty; 1878-79, G. W. Quarry ; 1880-81, Adam Roland. SUPERVISORS. 1792, Jacob Dean, Robert Frakes; 1793, Robert Frakes, Thomas Hall; 1794, Philip Kurfman, Anthony Cook ; 1795, Thomas Hall, Philip Kurfman; 1796, Philip Kurfman, Jacob Kurfman; 1797, Jacob Kurfman, Jonathan Dean; 1798, Michael Mierly, William Brown; 1799, William Brown, Samuel Wheeler; 1800, Samuel Wheeler, Thomas Hall; 1801, Thomas Hall, James Estep; 1802, Thomas Hall, John Loughery ; 1803, Thomas Hall, James Loughery; 1804, Thomas Hall, Richard Chilcott; 1805, George Stever, Philip Snear- 1806, George Stever, Thomas Hall; 1807, George Stever, Henry Berkstresser; 1808, George Stever, Henry Berkstresser; 1809, George Stever, Henry Elias; 1810, William Houk, George Stever; 1811, George Stever, William Houk ; 1813, Michael Mierly, William Houk ; 1814, Michael Mierly, Samuel McLane ; 1815, Michael Mi erly, Samuel McLane; 1816, John Bomgartuer, William Lovell; 1817, Philip Shnare, John Bnmbgartner; 1818, William Lovell, John Bumbgartner; 1819, Samuel Florch, Daniel Kurfman; 1820, John Taylor, Conrad Curfman ; 1821, Jacob Miller, David Schnerr; 1822, John Bomgardner, David Snare; 1823, David Schnerr, Wil liam Pheasant ; 1824, Philip Stever, Henry Berkstresser ; 1825, A. Greenland, J. Henderson ; 1826, Nathan Greenland, Henry Miller; 1827, Henry Miller, George W. Hazard ; 1828, John Henderson,' William Chilcott; 1829, Johu Gehret, John Henderson ; 1830, Wil liam Houck, John Gehrett ; 1831, John Gehrett, Henry Berkstresser ; 1832, David Bumgardner, Mordecai Chilcote; 1833, Mordecai Chil cote, David Bumgardner; 1834, Samuel Houck, Caleb Greenland; 1835, Abraham Wright, Jacob Chilcote; 1836, Abraham Wright, Jacob Chilcote: 1837, Joshua Greenland, Henry Hartor; 1838, - ; 1839, Enoch Chilcote, Samuel Pheasant ; 1840, Samuel Pheas ant, Humphrey Chilcote ; 1841, Lawrence Swope, William Smith; 1842, William Poston, John Hampson; 1843, Richard Chilcott, John Hampson ; 1844, Zachary Pheasant, John Shoop ; 1845, Zachary Pheasant, John Shoop; 1846, John David, Thomas Chilcott; 1847, Thomas Irvin, William Chilcott ; 1848, William Smith, John'steel j 1849, David Swope, William Smith ; 1850, H. Chilcote, Z. Pheas ant; 1851, Jordan Wright, Richard Chilcott; 1852, Jacob Miller, George W. Hazard ; 1853, Z. Pheasant, John Pheasant ; 1854, Abra ham Wright, William Smith ; 1855, James Hanawalt, George Pheas ant; 1856, Ephraim Chilcott, John Gayton; 1857, David Pheasant, M. Swope; 1858, Philip Pheasant, Samuel Dell; 1859, John Gay ton, G. W. Hazard ; 1860, Levi Wright, L. M. Pheasant ; 1861, Jacob Miller, Samuel Decker; 1862, George W. Pheasant, John Apgar • 1863, Christian Pheasant, George Smith ; 1864, Samuel Pheasant' Levi Dell; 1865, Samuel Decker, ; 1866, David Swope' William P. Wright; 1867, John Sloan, John Smith; 1868, John Shoop, Moses Swope; 1869, John Shoop, H. D. Pheasant ; 1870 R Parker, G. Prough ; 1872, M. Boring, Thomas Irvin ; 1873, R Chil cott, S. Wright ; 1874, William Brenneman, Benjamin Quarry ; 1875 J. D. Boring. David Smith ; 1876, G. W. Quarry, D. W. Fink- 1877 S. P. Smith, Levi Pheasant ; 1878, S. P. Pheasant, M. R. Brenneman • 1879, Ralph Crotsley, Jacob Miller; 1880, William Posten L w' Pheasant; 1881, Samuel H. Pheasant, Daniel Parsons. OVERSEERS OF THE POOR. 1792, John Downing, Thomas Service ; 1793, William Hoak, Peter Boyer- 1794, Wilkinson Lane, William Hoak ; 1795, Wilkinson Lane WIl' liam Houk; 1796, John Wright, Jacob Dean ; 1797, William Lane' William Hoke; 1798, Jacob Hoak, Jr., John Edwards; 1799 jonn' Edwards, Jacob Houck; 1800, John Edwards, Jacob Houck- 1801 R. Chilcott, Jacob Dean; 1802, Anthony Cook, Jacob Deanj Mos' John Wright, Philip Shneer; 1804, Philip Curfman, Philip Snear' 1805, Henry Lias, William Houk ; 1806, Henry Berkstresser, John Showfer; 1807, ThomaB Wright, Philip Snear; 1810, Peter Hen John Hoover; 1813, John McClain, Zachary Dean; 1814, William Lovell, Jacob Curfman; 1816, Jacob Bomgartner, John Cook- 1818 Jonathan Masdon, Jacob Estep; 1821, Michael Myerly, Philip Barnet; 1825, George Heetor.^ugh Johnston ; 1826, Christian Bar nett, John Hampson ; 1827, John David, John Henderson; 1828 Henry Houp, Philip Curfman ; 1829, Samuel McLain, George Hat ard; 1830, Richard Chilcott, John Kurfman ; 1831, John R.Go8nell Andrew Donaldson ; 1832, Andrew Shaw, Henry Elias; 1833, Joshua Edwards, Samuel Edwards; 1834, Matthew Atkinson, George W. Hazard; 1835, George M. Hazard, Jacob Elias; 1836, William Pheasant, John Houck; 1837, Philip Taylor, Adam Stever; 1838, 1 1839, Levi Smith, Daniel Kurfman; 1840, William Pheasant, John Shoop; 1841, Soloman Myerly, Philip Kurfman; 1842, David Stever, Asa Corbin ; 1843, George W. Hazard, William Smith ; 1844, George W. Hazard, William Smith ; 1845, George W, Hampson, John Bumgartner; 1846, Richard Chilcott, E. S. Corbin; 1847, Jacob Walls, William Chilcott; 1848, Abraham Wright, William Smith ; 1849, John Kurfman, Enoch Chilcote ; 1850, George W. Hazard, William Smith ; 1851, Philip Pheasant, Michael Wright; 1852, William Dean, Andrew Low; 1853, John Hampson, William Dean; 1854, Philip Curfman, Marshal Tocum; 1855, J. A. Apgarr, Levi Pheasant; 1856, J. Donaldson, Caleb Swope; 1857, . Hare's Valley Grist-Mill.— This was built between 1820 and 1825 by John Chilcote, an original settler ftom Maryland, and Jacob Nisson. It passed from the Chilcote family to Jonathan Doyle in 1852. It was purchased by Joseph Parks in 1858, and by Wil liam Shaffer in 1863. Mr. Shaffer sold it in 1869 to George Querry, but repurchased it in 1873, and in 1881 sold it to the present owner, James Querry. It is a veritable relic of the olden time. It was built of logs, in the style of long ago, and it has never been changed. It has two run of stones. Saw-Mills. — In this township, as in all parts of . the county, saw-mills were an early necessity, and they came into existence on the streams where water- power could be easily made available. Of these there , still remain in Hare's Valley two, in Smith's Valley two, and in Trough Creek Valley six. Portablesteam : saw-mills, which have been introduced in modern times, have to a large extent superseded the old-time , mill, and ere long the remains of the last " water- mill" will be pointed out as a relic of old time. Harmony Methodist Protestant Chapel.— This society was organized in 1838. The prominent mem- , bers at the time of its organization were Jesse Wright, M.D., G. W. Hazard, and Z. Pheasant, with their fam ilies. Most of these have passed away. The clergy- . men who have served this society have been Revs. Hugh Doyle, Jesse Wright, M.D., 1833; Jesse Wright, M.D., J. W. Rutledge, 1834; James Crouse, UNION TOWNSHIP. 375 1835; J. W. Rutledge, 1837; Timothy Remick, 1838; A. S. Eversole, 1839; Daniel Collier, 1840; John S. Christine, 1841 ; Timothy Remick, R. S. Norris, 1842 ; William Fisher, Nicholas Lemon, 1843 ; R. S. Norris, T. K. Helmholt, 1844; R. S. Norris, J. D. Brook, 1845; J. K. Helmholt, D. D. Hamilton, 1846; J. M. Elderdise, 1847 ; R. T. Boyed, 1849 ; J. M. Dennis, 1850; J. Clay, 1851; Theophilus Burton, 1852; J. F. Whiteside, 1853; W. G. Holmes, 1855; T. C. Ewell, 1857 ; J. M. Elderdise, 1858 ; J. D. Ewell, 1860 ; J. play, 1861 ; G. W. Simpson, 1862 ; J. Clay, 1864 ; A. Button, 1865; J. M. Mason, 1857; D. H. Myers, 1873; J. R. Rahle, 1876; H. Siveter, 1877; C. S. Jorden, W. H. Gladen, 1879 ; D. F. Williams, 1880 ; and the present pastor, J. M. Mason, 1881. Hare's Valley Methodist Protestant Chapel.— This society was organized in Smith's Valley school- house by Rev. Timothy Remick, in 1842. The lead ing members at its organization were William Smith, Eliel Smith, J. Smith, and Maley Smith. " The man tle of the fathers has fallen on the children : the church still lives." In 1855 the society removed to the new chapel which they had erected in Hare's Valley, about four miles south from Mapleton. It is a wooden structure, with a seating capacity of two hundred. Since its or ganization this society has been in charge of the same pastors that served Harmony Chapel. Bland Methodist Episcopal Chapel.— In 1851 this was erected at the village of Calvin. A society had long existed there, and had held services in pri vate houses and in the school-house in that locality. it is remembered that the house of Dr. Jesse Wright was long the place of meeting, and afterwards the house of William Pheasant. This house has under gone no change since its erection. It has a seating capacity of two hundred and fifty. This society has been prosperous, especially within the last few years. The society forms a part of the Cassville Circuit, and since the erection of the church building the follow ing clergymen have been in charge: George Berk stresser, G. W. Bouse, G. T. Gray, Hugh Lynn, James A. Coleman, J. F. Brown, J. D. Moore, Cambridge Graham, Thomas Greenly, R. E. Kelly, D. B. McClos- key, John Guss, J. W. Leckey, J. McKindless, S. A. Creveling, A. W. Decker, G. W. Dunlap, T. F. Mc Clure, E. Shoemaker, and the present minister, Wil liam Meninger. Brethren's Church of Hare's Valley.— During many years the Brethren in Hare's Valley and Smith's Valley worshiped in school-houses in these valleys, and in the house of the Methodist Protestant Church. These Brethren numbered about twenty, and belonged to the society in the township of Shirley. In 1879 a church edifice was erected for the accommodation of the Brethren here. It stands in Hare's Valley, three and one-fourth miles south from Mapleton. It is a wooden building, with a seating capacity of two hun dred and fiftv. This branch of the society in Shirley has been served by the same clergymen that have ministered to that organization. In 1881 the township had seven schools, which were kept open during five months. The attendance at these schools was two hundred and forty-one. BOROUGH OF MAPLETON. The land which this borough includes was, in 1851, owned by M. F. Campbell and John Donaldson. It had -not at that time began to assume the character of a village. On the completion of the Pennsylvania Railroad, a station was established here, andthis was the nucleus of the future village. As late as 1858 there were no more than three houses here, those of George Beatty, Robert McCarl, and George King. In the autumn of that year A. W. Swope purchased a lot and erected a dwelling, and this led to the pur chase of other lots and the erection of other houses. From 1860 to 1866 the growth of the village was rapid, and in the latter year the population reached three hundred. The shipping of bark, timber, and sand from this point was what stimulated the growth of the village during this period. Aug. 12, 1866, a charter was granted to the borough, which was made to include an area of about one-fourth of a square mile along the southern shore of the Juniata River, where Scrub Run and Hare's Valley Creek empty into that stream. From 1866 to 1870 the growth of the place was less rapid than during the previous few years. The pop ulation at the latter date was three hundred and eighty-nine. From 1870 to 1880 the increase was fifty- five, the number at the census of that year being four hundred and forty-four. A more rapid increase has since taken place, and the population is now esti mated at five hundred. The burgesses of the borough since its incorpor ation have been A. H. Bauman, 1866 ; Dr. G. W. Gettys, 1867; R. S. Henderson, 1869 ; M. L. Rex, 1872; H. H. Swope, 1874; J. E. McConahy, 1877 ; John A. Cree, 1879; G.' A. Rex, 1880; P. Morris Wood, 1881 ; S. P. Stubbs, 1882. The principal business men and firms here have been A. W. Swope, Orbison & Bare, Konigmacher & Bauman, Frank Hefright, W. H. Rex, Dull, Wilson & Gray, the Juniata Sand Company, L. A. Robert son, Elliot Robley, Samuel Hatfield, Jr., J. M. Ma guire & Co., and others. Abraham W. Swope, lumber merchant and quarry- man at Mapleton Depot, was born June 5, 1833, in Trough Creek Valley, Huntingdon Co., upon the farm now occupied by his brother Lawrence. His father, David, was born on the Raystown Branch, Aug. 22, 1809, and died July 29, 1873. He was mar ried March 3, 1831, to Isabella, daughter of Abra ham Wright. The Swopes trace their ancestry to Germany, while the Wrights originated in Ireland. Lawrence Swope, grandfather to A. W. Swope, came 376 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. to Huntingdon County from Maryland. Of his seven children three are living to-day, — one in Iowa, one in Huntingdon County, and one in Virginia. David Swope's seven children were Abraham W., Lawrence, Sarah, Catharine, Harry, Emeline, and Mary. Abra ham was at home until he reached his seventeenth year, when he was sent to David Clarkson to learn the trade of carpentering. He served his time (three years), and proceeded in 1853 to the then just budding town of Altoona, where and at Johnstown he worked at his trade about a year. In February, 1855, he married Anna P., daughter of Levi Smith, of Union township, Huntingdon Co., and after his marriage made his home in Union township, and followed his trade a little more than a year, building meanwhile several dwelling-houses and Stony Point Methodist Protestant Church. In the fall of 1857 he located at Mapleton, and opened a cabinet-shop. At that time Mapleton contained just four families. Robert Mc- Carl's is the only one of the four now in Mapleton. Mr. Swope carried on the business of carpentering and cabinet-making at Mapleton till 1871, and put up about all the houses erected in the village during that time. In 1871 he bought out the small store of David L. Smith in Mapleton, materially increased the business, and in 1876 sold it to Samuel Hatfield, so that he might devote closer attention to the busi ness of lumbering. In April, 1879, Hatfield retiring from the store, Swope resumed trade, pushed it more briskly than ever, and Aug. 10, 1882, sold to Phillips & Son, the firm now in possession. In the spring of 1881 he embarked in stone-quarrying, and to that and lumbering now gives his attention. He has in his employ from thirty to fifty men on an average. He has had six children, of whom four are living. One of his sons, Isaac N., is one of the editors of the Mount Union Times. Mr. Swope was chosen justice of the peace in 1859, and is now serving his fifth consecu tive term, at the close of which he will have held the office twenty-five years. There are now in the borough three stores, one hotel, three millinery establishments, two sand quar ries, two blacksmith-shops, one shoe-shop, one wagon- shop, and one meat-market. Mapleton Depot post-office was established at an early day. An evidence of the intelligence of the people in Mapleton is to be seen in an elegant school-house which stands on a hillside overlooking the borough. Three schools were kept during five months of 1881 and one hundred and sixteen children were taught. CONSTABLES. 1867, J. R. Dean; 1868, James Montgomery ; 1869-71, W. J. McKelvey; 1872, John Price ; 1873, J. Montgomery ; 1874, ; 1875, Peter Curry; 1876-77, S.S.Taylor; 1878, Robert McCarl; 1879-80,' John S. Henderson ; 1881, J. E. McConahy, H. H. Swope (high). SCHOOL DIRECTORS. 1867, L. Dean, James Snyder, W. H. Rex, G. W. Gettys, J. Secrist, Lewis Tocum ; 1868, A. W. Swope, A. H. Bauman, L. Yocum, J. McDon ald, P. Hooper; 1869, Michael Tocum, B. J. Kauffman ; 1870, J. S. Hamilton; 1871, ; 1872, M. Tocum, A. W. Swope- 1873 Peter Curry, B. F. Baker; 1874, W. H. Rex, H. D. Kauffman'; 187s' M. Yocum, A. W. Swope, J. D. Sloan; 1876, Philip Hooper,' W F Gillam; 1877, Allison Heetor, H. H. Swope; 1878, J. E. McDonald' John K. Robely; 1879, A. Y. Bobb, L. Wright; 1880, J. E. McCar'. thy, Peter Curry, Allison Heeter ; 1881, T. M. Logan, J. E. McDonald' BURGESSES. 1867, G. W. Gettys; 1868, A. H. Bauman; 1869-70, R. I. Henderson- 1871, ; 1872, M. L. Rex ; 1873, John Price ; 1874-76, H H Swope ; 1877-78, J. E. McConahy ; 1879, John A. Cree ; 1880 Qeoree A. Rex; 1881, T.M.Wood. ' COUNCIL. 1867, M. Tocum, H. H. Swope, B. F. Glasgow, Luden Dean, Joseph Pheasant ; 1868, Marshall Yocum, H. D. Kauffman, J. S. Henderson L. Tocum, J. McDonald; 1869, Marshall Tocum, W. H. Rex H. d! Kauffman, Henry Himes, Allison Heeter ; 1870, A. Lamberson, A. Heeter, M. Toeman, D. H. Foster, J. M. McDonald; 1871, 1872, A. Lamberson, H. D. Kurfman, J. S. Henderson, J. C. Eastep- 1873, John Banks, James Conahyj M. Yocum, W. L. Gillam, J. John' H. H. Swope ; 1874, R. J. McCurdy, N. H. Wagner, George Godard] J. D. Sloan, D. C. Kauffman, Simon Staub ; 1875, R. J. McCurdy J. Linthrust, P. Hooper, H. D. Kauffman, A. C. Fisher, R. S. Hender son; 1876, W. Gillam, A. Heeter, John Price, -George Goilard, J. E. Canahy, B. F. Baker; 1877, D. H. Foster, W. W. Giles, G. Goddard, J. E. McDonald, A. E. Lamberson, L. Tocum; 1878, B. F Godard W. W. Giles, A. Lamberson, James Sloan, A. M. Parker ; 1879, Georga Goddard, T. M. Logan, P. Harper, M. Tocum, James S. Gillam, A. B. C. Dill; 1880, H. McDonald, Alfred Parker, Simon Stanbs, H. H. Swope, James Wood, Thomas Logan; 1881, W. W. Giles, Philip Hooper, J. S. Henderson, H. W. McDonald, J. M. Miller, Allison Heeter. Mapleton' s Industries.— Sand Quarries.— In 1852 the business of quarrying sand was commenced in this vicinity. Rocky Ridge is here composed of sand-rock that is available for this purpose. At first it was quarried and shipped to manufactories of glass "in the rock." After a time crushers were intro duced, and still later the practice of washing the sand to free it from all impurities came in vogue. The sand quarried here, after being crushed and washed, is sent mainly to Pittsburgh, though large quantities are used in glass-works in Ohio and West Virginia. In addition to its use for the manufacture of glass, it is extensively used for building purposes, and by the railroad companies as " engine sand." In 1 876 two quarries were opened, one in the bor ough of Mapleton and the other in Union township, just beyond the borough limits. The one in the bor ough, called the South Side Sand Quarry, was opened and it is still worked by Samuel Hatfield, Jr. The other, named Glendower Sand Quarry, was opened by J. M. Maguire & Co., but was purchased in the au tumn of 1881 by Dull, Wilson & Gray, the present proprietors and operators. An average of fifteen hands is employed at each of these works, and the aggregate monthly shipments amount to one hundred car-loads. Prominently identified with the business interests of the borough as well as the political interests of the county, we find the name of William H. Rex, merchant and manufacturer, of Mapleton, Huntingdon Co., who was born in Adams County, Pa., April 13, 1827. His father, William, was a native of Adams County, as UNION TOWNSHIP. 377 was also the latter's father, Daniel. William Rex, who was a carpenter and farmer, married a daughter of Michael Minnich, of Adams County, and had eight sons and four daughters, of whom nine are living. William H. Rex was the third son and fourth child. Early in life he felt ambitious to push his education faster than the facilities of the common school could warrant, and so while working upon his father's farm he employed his evenings, and some times late night hours, in teaching himself. Hard study and close application soon bore fruit, and in due time he was sent to New Oxford to complete his education. Upon leaving New Oxford he became himself a teacher, and in Adams and Clearfield Coun ties taught eight successive winters and one summer. While he was teaching in Clearfield County he read theology under Rev. C. Diehl, and at the end of a year was licensed as a preacher in the Lutheran Church. He was for a while joined with Rev. Mr. Diehl in a charge embracing parts of Clearfield and Indiana Counties, and then assumed the Clearfield charge alone. He labored upon it faithfully and profitably for two years, when by reason of a troublous bronchial affection he was compelled to retire from the active ministry. During the ensuing year he was the agent in . Clearfield County for the American Tract Society, and in 1.859 accepted an engagement with Konigmacher & Bauman, of Lancaster, to be assistant manager, with A. H. Bauman, of the firm's itore and landed interests at Mapleton Depot, Hunt ingdon Co. In a short time the sole management if the business was intrusted to Mr. Rex, upon the retirement of A. H. Bauman, who with his brother Seorge M. then built a tannery at Mapleton. The iannery was soon afterwards sold to Jeremiah Bau- nan (then the successor of Konigmacher & Bau- nan), and over that industry Mr. Rex was placed in iharge, and still retained as manager of the store and ither interests. Jeremiah Bauman died Oct. 3, 1875, eaving an insolvent estate. Mr. Rex, as executor, :arried on the tannery for about two' years, tanning >y the pound for Pritchet, Baugh & Co., of Philadel phia. The establishment lay idle for six months hereafter, and thus depreciating in value, bid fair to all to ruin. Mr. Rex thereupon boldly resolved, as :he only means of saving the estate, to put the tan nery in motion, despite the fact that the project was 'reely set down as reckless and foolhardy. The se- l«el proved the soundness of his judgment. For ibout eighteen months he pushed the business with ngorous determination, and such was the able man- igement he developed in the affair that at the close rf a year and a half he had not only brought the ilmost hopelessly insolvent estate out of debt, but lad a handsome surplus to distribute among the >eirs. The incident is one of record, and at the Jme of its occurrence was widely known and ap plauded. Upon the sale of the tannery (one of the most ex tensive in the State) to L. A. Robertson, of New York, Mr. Rex was placed in charge as superintendent and tanner. To the year 1882 he was in full charge, but in that year he applied to be relieved of the position of tanner, because his other business demanded in creased attention. Since then he has been Mr. Robert son's representative as superintendent of the business. In 1879, Mr. Rex purchased the store formerly owned by Bauman, and since then has given it his close atten tion, and built up a trade of more than ordinary pro portions. In 1864, Mr. Rex was solicited to accept the nomination for the office of county auditor on the Republican ticket, and, although preferring not to stand, consented. He was elected not only that year, but at three successive elections, and filled the office twelve years, all told. During the late civil war he was township school director, and upon him rested the main burden of the business of raising and dis tributing the funds used by the township in supplying its quota of soldiers for the army. For many years he has been postmaster at Mapleton Depot. Until removing to Mapleton he was a member of the Lu theran Church, but there being no Lutheran Church at that place he joined the Presbyterian Church in 1860, and since 1863 has been an elder. He was first married in Adams County to Wilhelmine E., daughter of Joseph Bauman, formerly of Cumber land County, where he managed the Pine Grove Iron- Works. Losing his wife by death he married Rachel, daughter of Jacob Crotsley, of Huntingdon County. She died Sept. 9, 1882. By the first marriage there were three children, by the second none. Jeremiah B., one of his sons, is a law student at Chambersburg. Mr. Rex's sister, Elizabeth C. (Mrs. George Keller), is one of the leading female physicians in this coun try. She resides at Boston, and is said to have a practice of twenty thousand dollars a year. Robley's Grist-Mill. — Elliott Robley, miller and farmer, comes of New England stock. His grand father, Richard, was born in Connecticut, and traced his ancestry back in that State to a very early date. Richard's son Matthew was a brick-maker, and lived for some time in New Jersey. He migrated from that State in 1821 to Pennsylvania, settling first at Philips- burg, in Centre County, and subsequently at Spruce Creek, following his business of brick-making at both points. He was a worthy specimen of vigorous and well-preserved manhood, and lived to reach the great age of ninety-seven, his death occurring at Altoona in 1879. He served through the campaign of 1812-14, and his widow (still living in Altoona) draws his pension. He was twice married, — first to Hannah Smith, by whom he had seven children, and second to Martha Brown, of Huntingdon County, who bore him nine children and who survives him. Elliott Robley was born in Newark, N. J., May 17, 1820, and was raised by his father to the business of brick-making. At the age of nineteen, or in 1839, he married Susan, daughter of Samuel Clemens, a farmer 378 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. of Mifflin County. He worked for his father a year after his marriage, and then moved to Shirley town ship in Huntingdon County, where he carried on business as a brick-maker for three years thereafter. For the next three years he worked at Matilda Fur nace as teamster, under J. F. Cottrell, and at Samuel ELLIOTT ROBLEY. H. Bell's iron-works three years in a similar capacity. After that he resumed his old business, and at Cass ville made the brick with which the Cassville Semi nary was built. In 1856 he bought a river farm of two hundred and thirty acres in Brady township (his present home), and there burned brick for his own house and the house of A. W. Swope, of Mapleton. He quarried sand on his farm, and was the pioneer in the business of shipping sand in that section. Upon his farm he built the first works known to that locality for the drying and pulverizing of sand. For eighteen years he followed the business of sand-quarrying and ship ping in connection with farming. In 1875 he erected a fine grist-mill at Mapleton Depot, and to that gave his attention thereafter. The mill was destroyed by fire in 1878. It was replaced without much delay with the present structure, which was first set in motion July 20, 1881. It is supplied with three runs of stones, and is fitted with the most modern appliances known to milling. It is operated by steam, and besides having a large custom trade manufactures largely for shipping. Mr. Robley's two sons, Samuel and Elliott, Jr., assist him in the busi ness. Of his eleven children ten are living. He has been a member of the United Brethren Church for thirty-nine years, and during nearly all that time has officiated as class-leader and trustee. In August, 1864, Mr. Robley enlisted in Company L, Nineteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, and served until the close of the war. Methodist " Episcopal Church, Mapleton.-in 1859 there was a class here, consisting of John Ham ilton, leader, Joseph Melcher and wife, Elizabeth Miller, Catharine Brumbaugh, John Brumbaugh, Al fred Brumbaugh, Mary Bauman, Wilhelmina Rex, and J. S. Henderson. The place of worship was a school-house. No regular preaching was had here till I860,' when this became a regular appointment of the Cassville Circuit. In 1865 it became a part of the Mount Union Circuit. Services continued to be held in the school-house till 1871; when the present church edifice was erected. This is a wooden build ing, with a seating capacity of four hundred. The society numbers ninety-five, and enjoys a good degree of prosperity. Of the preachers who have served this charge the following are remembered : Revs. James A. Coleman, C. Graham, John Guss, Samuel Hartsock, James Clark, John Moorehead, William L. Smith; J. S, McMurray, Jesse Akers, W. C. Robbins, H. M. Nash, and John W. Clever. Presbyterian Church.— In 1861 this church was organized, and among the constituent members were John Donaldson, John Gayton, M. F. Campbell, and their wives. In the same year the present church edifice was erected. It is a brick building, thirty-two by forty feet, with a seating capacity of two hundred and fifty. The pastors of this church have been Rev. B. E. Collins, till 1872, when the present pastor, Rev. William Prideaux, took charge. Harry Corbin Post, No. 200, G. A. R.-This post was organized in December, 1880, with twenty-one members. The first officers were M. L. Rex, P. 0.; A. Y. Bobb, S. V. C. ; Philip Hooper, J. V. C. ; H. H. Swope, Adjfr. ; J. R. Peterson, Q.M. ; and John S. Henderson, Chap. The post now numbers forty-seven members, and is in a flourishing condition. The present officers are J. E. McConahy, P. C; W. H. Barkley, S. V. C; John A. Toomey, J. V. C. ; D. P. Kinkead, adjt.; , M. L. Rex, Q.M. ; and John S. Henderson, Chap. In the southern part of Union, in Trough Creek Valley, is the hamlet of Calvin, named after Hon. Samuel Calvin, of Hollidaysburg, which has seven houses, a post-office, a church, a store, and a black smith-shop. There is also a post-office, called Colfax, , near the middle of the township, in Trough Creek Valley. Page post-office is in Hare's Valley. Cemeteries.— There are three cemeteries in Trough Creek Valley— one near the Baptist Church, Locust Grove and Sheridan Cemeteries. Irwin Cemetery is in Smith's Valley, near Mill Creek, and Dell Ceme tery is in Hare's Valley. WALKER TOWNSHIP. 379 CHAPTER LVIII. WALKER TOWNSHIP. The township of Walker occupies a position south west of the Juniata River, and has that stream for its northeastern boundary. On the northwest is the township of Porter ; on the west Blair County, sepa rated therefrom by Tussey's Mountain ; on the south west is Penn township ; and on the southeast Juniata township, Piney Ridge forming the boundary line. Occupying the larger portion of the interior is War rior's Ridge, so called from an Indian path which led along its summit, — a barren and in many parts a worthless tract of land. The contiguous areas form small valleys, of which the largest bears the name of Woodcock. It heads in Porter, near the township line, and extends thence southward some twenty miles. It is remarkable for the beauty and fertility of its lands and its highly-cultivated farms. The greater part of its surface rests upon a limestone base. The soils of the smaller valleys are clay, shale, or gravelly loam, and in many cases an admixture of each. Along the Juniata River are bottom lands of : alluvium whose fertility is very great. The township originally was well timbered, and the hillsides are yet covered with forests of the common woods. Along Tussey's Mountain are numerous deposits of rich iron ore, and on'Warrior's Ridge that mineral abounds to a considerable extent, with some lead. The drainage of Walker is afforded by Vineyard Creek and affluent streams, some of which are fed by large springs of pure water. The former stream has a very tortuous course, which has caused the name of Crooked Creek to attach to it. Its proper name was given it on account of the immense quantities of wild grapes which formerly grew along its banks, giving the sur rounding country the appearance of a vineyard. In the northeastern part of the township is a spring of unusual volume and freshness of water, which has been improved to form a reservoir* from which the State Industrial Reformatory is supplied with water ; and along the Juniata, near the old Cryder mills, is another large spring which was a widely-known object in the early history of the county. Pioneer Settlers.— Some of the settlers who came before the Revolution were several times alarmed'by the presence of Indians, but, on taking refuge at Huntingdon, secured safety until the Indians had betaken themselves to other localities. Henry Lloyd and his wife Judith came from Virginia in this period, bringing a number of slaves with them, and settled in the upper part of Woodcock Valley. The white members of the. Lloyd family several times forted at Standing Stone, leaving the negroes on the farm, as the savages did not manifest a disposition to molest tnem. In winter there was seldom any occasion for alarm, as no Indians were then about. Of the children of Henry Lloyd, who accompanied him from Virginia there, were sons named Henry, David, Thomas, and a daughter, Judith, who became the wife of Alexander McConnell. The homestead was on the Graffius place, where the elder Lloyds were buried, the farm being inherited by Mrs. Mc Connell, and passing from that family to Graffius. Each of the Lloyd sons also heired a farm in this locality, David occupying the lower farm, which he sold to John McCahan when he moved to Ohio. After the latter's death it became the property of Isaac Martin. On a farm above, where is now the brick residence of Robert Martin, lived Thomas Lloyd, who died on the farm. He had six children, — Judith, Martha, Catharine, Nancy, William, and Henry. Most of these remained in the township. Henry, the other son of Henry Lloyd, settled on the farm which was afterwards occupied by his son Elea-j zer, and which is now the home of his grandson Henry. He was married to Rachel Davis, of Bed ford, and reared nine children, viz. : David, who lived below McConnellstown, and died in 1843. He was the father of James M. Lloyd. John, the second son, removed to Ohio ; Thomas, the third son, lived and died at Huntingdon, while serving as sheriff. One of his daughters became the wife of Henry J. Swoope. The fourth son , Henry, removed to Cambria County ; Abner still resides near Pittsburgh ; and Eleazer died on the homestead. His daughters be came the wives of William States, of McConnells town ; Benjamin Enyeart and Erasmus Jones, of Blair County. A number of the descendants of the Lloyd slaves yet remain in the county, among them being the Morrells of Porter. Alexander McConnell lived first, and for a number of years, at Huntingdon, but becoming a large land owner in Walker, ultimately made the township his home, dying in a stone house near the upper mill, but was interred in the cemetery at Huntingdon. His family consisted of John, who also died at Mc Connellstown; Alexander, who moved to Indiana County ; Henry L., who became an editor and was noted for his anti-Masonic views, dying on the island of Jamaica. The daughter Catherine became the wife of Judge White, the father of the Hon. Harry W. White, of Indiana County ; and Margaret mar ried Dr. James Coffey, of Huntingdon. Joshua Lewis was a neighbor of the Lloyds, living on the farm which now belongs to Mrs. Andrew Heff ner, from which he removed more than sixty years ago, Alexander McConnell becoming the owner of his lands. Farther down the valley the Entriken family made an early settlement. These farms passed into the hands of Henry and Samuel Peightal, sons of John Peightal, an early settler of Penn township. Wil liam Moore migrated from the north of Ireland some time between 1790 and 1800, and settled in Woodcock Valley. Two of his sons, Charles and James, were born in Ireland ; the third, Alexander, 380 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. was born here. Of his daughters, Nancy married Thomas Lloyd ; Jane married Dr. Wishart, of Bed ford County ; Mary married David Lloyd ; another married Sheriff Thomas Lloyd. This family were of the religious denomination now known as United Presbyterians. The old farm was divided between the three sons. James and Alexander died unmar ried. Charles raised a large family. His part of the farm is now owned by Jacob Fouse. James Moore Ward owns and resides on one of the other sub divisions. Charles Moore married a Miss Reed. Their chil dren were Nancy ; William, who died in Armstrong County ; James, who died in Alexandria, and was buried in the Huntingdon Cemetery ; John, who re sides in Fairfield, Iowa; Catharine, now deceased, who married Robert Givin ; Charles, who died young ; Thomas, who now lives at McConnellstown ; and Mary, who married Caleb Armitage, both of whom are now dead. On the farm adjoining Moore's lived John Patton, for many years sheriff of the county. He died on the old homestead, having reared sons and daughters. (See borough of Hunting don.) Between McConnellstown and Huntingdon on the old Bedford road, on what is now the Goss farm, Adam Hagy was an early settler. He had a son named Jacob, and another John. The father and Jacob died in the township. John removed to the West, but descendants of the Hagy family yet re main in the county. Nearer the village Henry Kyper made some improvements at an early day. He was the father of Daniel Kyper, yet living, and of another son named John. The Stauffer farms were long the property of Patrick Gwin, of Hunt ingdon, and were first occupied by tenants. Near the upper part of the township, in Woodcock Valley, William Robb, an Irishman, a native of the county of Tyrone, where he was born in December, 1775, made a settlement in 1826. In 1806 he married Mary Livingston, of Shaver's Creek, who was born in Lancaster County, and lived until the period named in Oneida township. They occupied the farm which is now the property of Livingston Robb, and where William Robb died in 1845. They reared children named John, living at McConnellstown ; William D., who died in Hart's Log Valley ; James, who moved to Warren County, 111. ; Alexander, who became a physician, and died at Montezuma, Ind. ; Livingston occupied the homestead ; Thomas, living in Mercer County, 111. ; Sarah, who married Peter C. Swoope, of Huntingdon ; Nancy, who married Wray Porter, of Henderson (removed to Illinois) ; and Mary Ellen, who became the wife of Judge John Porter, of Monmouth, 111., who was also reared in Henderson. Valentine and Jacob Heffner, natives of Franklin County, Pa., who had served in the Revolution, be came citizens of Walker after that war. Valentine, after living a few years upon the farm now owned by John Robb, near the upper mills, returned to Frank lin County, but in 1796 both came to Walker to make permanent settlements. Each secured ninety-six acres of land in the Little Valley; Jacob occupying the lower farm, and living there until 1817, when he moved to Ohio. The upper farm has always belonged to the Heffner family, and there Valentine died in 1848, at the age of eighty-nine years, having for a number of years previously been a Revolutionary pensioner. Seven of his children attained mature years, viz. : Catharine, who married Martin Speck of Juniata township; Barbara and Elizabeth, who moved to Ohio ; Jacob, the oldest son, settled in Juniata township, and lived there until his death in 1876, aged more than eighty-seven years (he was the father of John, Joseph, Isaac, and Jacob Heffner, the latter being killed in the Rebellion) ; Peter, the second son, married a daughter of William Enyeart, and settled on part of the homestead on the Raystown Branch now owned by the Yocum family. He died in 1848; his sons Joseph and Charles yet live in the township, and Isaac, David, and Thomas removed to Indiana. John, the third son of Valentine Heffner, was born in Walker on the 7th of April, 1797, and has resided during his whole life within a mile of the place of his birth (he married Rachel Enyeart, who was born in 1800, and died in 1871 ; thirteen of their children attained mature years, namely, Benjamin, living on the homestead; Adam, living in Shirley f Andrew, at McConnellstown, where he died in 1872 ; John, living near McConnellstown ; Peter, near Little Valley ; and Orlady died in the Rebellion ; the daughters married Frederick Grass, John Nelson, Faries Lebhard, and John Dearmit) ; Adam, the fourth son, was married to Rebecca Enyeart; and settled in Juniata township; he had sons named Abraham, William, and Peter (who removed). The late Andrew Heffner was born in Walker township, Oct. 11, 1829, and died Aug. 26, 1872. His father, John Heffner, was born in 1798, and died in 1882, at the age of eighty-four. Andrew was one of fourteen children, and after passing his earlier man hood on his father's farm, left home at the age of twenty-two to work for Squire Van Deventer at wagon-making in McConnellstown. In a little while he went over to Stone Creek to learn the business of milling, which he followed first at Stone Creek and later at Henry Neff's Green Tree Mills. Sept. 23, 1852, he married Jane, daughter of Mark Yocum, of Barree township, and long a well-known citizen of Huntingdon County, who died in 1840. After his marriage Mr. Heffner carried on the McConnellstown mill for six months, and then took what is now known as Cresswell's mill, on the river in Porter. After a stay there of three years he occupied successively the mill at Alexandria and Henry Neff's mill, six miles above Petersburg. He left the Neff mill to join his brother Adam in- the purchase and conduct of a mill at Shirleysburg. The partnership was dissolved at - .'fflffi&lfoK ANDREW HEFFNER. WALKER TOWNSHIP. 381 the end of a year and Andrew removed to near Mc Connellstown, where he had bought a farm and mill property of Squire McCoy. Thenceforward he de voted himself with unceasing attention to the busi ness of milling and farming. He was ambitious to an extraordinary degree in so far as lay his desire to make his property a valuable one. No work was too hard no hours too long. He knew he must push his energies to the utmost, for he had only a trifling start ahead of the world when he took the place, and so for a long time he ordinarily labored all day upon his farm and in his mill until midnight of the same day. Arduous and trying as such a r'egime was, he stood up under it sturdily, for he found -sustaining strength in the conviction that every stroke told and every day saw him farther on the road to success. So he pros pered, as he deserved, and owned eventually two farms and the mill. He was a man of much force of char acter and liberal enterprise. He was well known for miles around as one of the stirring citizens of Hunt ingdon County. Although business claimed almost his sole attention, he esteemed it a pleasurable duty to serve public interests, and in his time held many places of trust in the administration of township affairs, while in his church (German Reformed) he was ever a busy and useful factor. In the full tide of a worthy career he lost his life by reason of being thrown from a wagon upon his farm. He lived five weeks after the accident, but lay helpless constantly until he passed away. His example lives after him, and to his posterity his memory will ever be the mem ory of one who, knowing his duty, strove to his ut most to do it faithfully and acceptably. His widow still survives him. Their children are as follows: Mary (now Mrs. Stewart Africa, of Huntingdon), Rachel, John, Jane (now Mrs. William Miller, of Grand Rapids, Wis.), Rebecca, and Thomas M. Among the pioneer neighbors of the Heffners were Robert Thompson, John Snyder, and George Feay. Joseph Norris, a native of Maryland, settled in Penn township after the Revolution, on the farm which had previously been occupied by .the Mr. San ders who with his wife and three children was mur dered by the Indians in May, 1780. Norris died about 1812. He had two sons, John and Joseph. The latter reared sons named William, Joseph, David, Thomas, Isaac, and John, the latter yet living at McConnellstown at the age of seventy-eight years. Other sons live in Penn. John and Eleanor Port, natives of Strasburg, came to America as redemptionists, their passage-money being paid by a Mr. Chambers of Chambersburg. After earning their time they came to McConnells town, about the beginning of the century. He was a shoemaker by trade, and was nobly assisted by his wife, who carried on that occupation alone a short time after his death. They reared four children, — John, Casper, Christian, and a daughter, who married Henry Clabaugh, of Huntingdon. John Port mar ried Mary Fox, the daughter of an early settler of Walker, and lived at what is known as Portstown, where he kept a public-house, although being a car penter by trade. At three years of age a fever de prived him of the use of his right leg, yet he be came a very strong man, walking readily with the aid of a cane. He died in 1829, having reared two sons, Alexander and James Port, both of Huntingdon, and a daughter, who became the wife of William Long, of the same place. The second son of John Port, Casper, moved to Ohio, where he was killed by the falling of a tree. His family then returned to Walker, where John, Henry, and Isaac became men who identified themselves with its history. The third son, Christian, lived until his death at Smithfield, where he reared six children. James Johnston, of Scotch-Irish parentage, was born in Porter in 1788, but was reared in the family of his uncle, John Ross, of McConnellstown. In 1811 he married Hannah Kennedy, a daughter of Master Kennedy, a pioneer teacher and surveyor. She is yet living at Huntingdon at the age of eighty- seven years. James Johnston served in the war of 1812, being a member of Capt. Isaac Vandevender's company in Col. William Piper's regiment. For many years he lived in Juniata, but died at McCon nellstown in 1860. His children were William, liv ing in Juniata ; James, in Illinois ; Samuel, in Hun tingdon ; Abram, of Marklesburg ; John S., of Mc Connellstown ; and daughters who married William Geissinger, of Juniata; Joseph Douglas, of Walker; William E. Corbin, of Juniata; and Abraham Shene felt, of the same township. Andrew Fraker, a joiner, and Christian Freaker, a cooper, were also among the early settlers of McCon nellstown. One of the latter's sons, John, has always resided in that locality. The names of many other pioneers appear in the lists of Huntingdon township for 1788, 1802, and of Porter township in 1815, as well as in the appended list, which shows the character of the population in 1828, the year following the date when Walker became a separate township : Acres. Brenneman, Michael (for landlord) 200 Black, Kobert Bare, Simon (for landlord).... 112 Brotherline, Charles 186 Buckwalter, Francis 103 Burliholder, Elizabeth 7 Brenneman, Rudolph Corbin, John Corbin, David 180 Coulter, John Cozzens, Hiram Dorris. William 11 Deeker, Johu (for landlord)... 300 Douglass, Joseph (for land lord) 300 Davis, Isaac (lots) Decker, Peter (for landlord)... 150 Dopp, John, Sr Enyeart, David 200 Echelberger, Walter (for landlord) 119 Enyeart, Benjamin Fraker, Andrew (lot) Fox, Simon 250 200 3 Acres. Flenner, Margaretta (for land lord) Fryer, Jacob Fondersmith, Lewis.. .-..., Forshey, Thomas Grow, John Gillespie, Samuel (mechanic) Gwin, Patrick, EBq 150 Hawn, Jacob (saw-mill) 284 Hatfield, Adam (mechanic) Hackadorn, John - Householder, John Harris, Samuel Heffner, Peter Hatfield, George (mechanic).. Hampson, Samuel (for land lord),' Hicks, Abraham Hamer, George Hawn, Julian (for landlord)... Heffner, Valentine Hoffman, Adam (lots) Hagey, Adam Heffner, John Hoffman, Peter (lots) 95 400 150 95 170 382 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Acres. Householder, Michael (for laudlord) 200 Johnston, James (for land lord) 454 Keim, John (miller) Kyper, Daniel 15 Kerr, John Kerr, Willliam 690 Kyper, John (mechanic), Kissinger, John 160 Lewis, John 100 Lloyd, David (mechanic) Lear, James (mechanic) Lang, Patrick (tannery) Lloyd, Henry, Jr. (for land lord) 112 Loughard, Samuel 75 Lytle, Kobert 35 Long, Samuel 15 Lloyd, Henry 90 McMonegal, William Miller, Henry (for landlord).. McMonegal, Daniel (for land lord) Moore, Charles (for landlord). Moore, "William (distillery).... McGahan, Jacob (lot} Morningstar, Adam (for land lord) Myers, Abraham, heirs of (for landlord) 170 McGahan, John 56 McConnell, Alexander (land, grist-mill, and distillery; part of it transferred to Peter and Henry Swoope) Miller, John, Esq 75 McCormick, Joseph (me chanic) Merrill C Nicholson, John (mechanic)... Oswalt, Benjamin (for land lord) Patton, John, Esq. (distil lery) 1220 Pecht, or Peight, Jacob (for landlord) 160 300 160 100 200 200 30 109 Acres. Port,L. (lot) Port, Christian Pecht, or Peight, John 33 Peight, Emmanuel (me chanic) Rowland, George Boss, Henry Richardson, Thomas Boop, Peter (for landlord) 80 Ridenour, John 250 Robb, William 360 Bhodes, George (mechanic) Swoope, Peter and Henry (2 grist-mills, 2 distilleries).... 250 Swoope, Peter and Henry (lower tract) 480 Swope, Lawrence 150 Shenefelt, Nicholas (lot) Smith, Wm. M. (mechanic) Smith, Richard Peun....v 40 Shenefelt, Frederick 212 States, William 51 Stoufer, Isaac 100 Strong, George Strong, Jacob 146 Steel, Samuel Shenefelt, Geo. (mechanic) Shearer, John 100 Simpson, James 400 Smith, Charles 56 Smith, John (mechanic) Sturtsman, Henry Speck, Martin 137 Thompson, Robert 186 Thompson, Wm. (for land lord) 50 Vandevender, Isaac, Esq 50 Warreii, Samuel 50 Weston, William White, Anthony (for land lord) 160 Wasson, William 112 Westbrook, Alexander 150 Wasson, Robert 183 Watson, Samuel Winters, Jacob Brenneman, Isaac. Corbin, Abraham. Coulter, Alexander. Fondersmith, Lewis. Flenner, Daniel. Fondersmith, John. Hawn, John. Hawn, David. Hawn, Peter. Hauier, Solomon. Kissinger, Charles. Lloyd, Henry. Lloyd, Abner, Single Freemen. Lloyd, William. Long, Jacob. Myers, Abraham. Moore, James. Moore, Alexander. Patton, William. Patton, John. Sines, Moses. Shriner, Daniel. Thompson, Samuel. White, John. White, William. The population of the township in 1880 was 1002. Civil Organization. — Walker was decreed a sep arate township by the April, 1827, Court of Quarter Sessions, upon the report of John Scott, John Huyett, and Jacob Miller, appointed at the April sessions, 1826 (and whose appointment was continued at the August and January sessions last past), " is now again read, confirmed, and ordered to be recorded as fol lows : We, the undersigned, appointed by the within rule of the court, having met for the purpose therein mentioned, do report that in our opinion it is expe dient to divide Porter township in the following manner, namely : Commencing where the old Hunt ingdon and Williamsburg wagon-road crosses the line between Porter and Woodberry townships; thence along the said evacuated road to where it intersects the present road ; thence along the old wagon-road across Warrior's Ridge to the Huntingdon and Wood cock Valley road ; thence along the northwest side of said road to the old road leading to Whittaker's mills ¦ thence along the northwest side of the said mill-road to the nearest point on the Juniata Kiver, at or near the turn of the said road. " And now, to wit, at the April sessions, 1827, this township is erected into a separate township to be called Walker, for the late venerable Jonathan Wal ker, president of this court." Within the past few years the bounds of the town ship have been slightly changed to include a small part of the northeastern territory of Porter township. The principal civil officers since the organization of Walker have been the following : CONSTABLES. 1827, Andrew Fraker; 1829, Robert Thompson ; 1830, John Ker- 1831 William Richardson ; 1832, William Robb ; 1833-34, William Bick ardson. ROAD SUPERVISORS. 1827-28, John Patton, John Ridenour; 1829, John Patton, George Hawn; 1830-31, David Corbin, Henry Lloyd; 1832," John Given, Martin Speck; 1833, John Given, James Johnston ; 1834, John Given, John Corbin; 1835, Michael Householder, John Ridenour; 1836, John Shaver, Daniel Flenner; 1837, William Dean, Daniel Hanna; 1838, John Ker, Frederick Shenefelt; 1839, John Coulter, . Peter Heffner; 1840, David Flenner, Peter Heffner; 1841, Henry Isenberg, Jacob Hawn ; 1842, Eleazer Lloyd, Abraham Speck ; 1843, Daniel Flenner, Thomas Dean; 1844, Moses Hamer, Martin Flen ner; 1845, Daniel Flenner, John Dean; 1846, John B. Given, William Morgan; 1847, William Geissinger, John B. Given; 1848, Stewart Corbit, John Thompson ; 1849, Martin Flenner, John John ston ; 1850, William Morgan, David Corbin ; 1851, Rudolph Brenne man, Daniel Flenner; 1852, Stewart Corbet, Robert Lee; 1853, Daniel Flenner, William Geissinger; 1854, MoseB Hamer, William Geissinger; 1855, Jacob Hicks, Samuel Peightal; 185G, Samnel Peightal, William Geissinger; 1857, John Lefford, John Norris; 1858, John Norris, Phineas Green ; 1859-60, John Norris, John Heffner ; 1861, John NorriB, Daniel Flenner ; 1862, William Morgan, John Heffner; 1863, James Watson, John Heffner; 1864, William Reed, Samuel Peightal; 1865, James Neff, Daniel Flenner; 1866, John Given, Daniel Flenner; 1867, Henry Snyder, Daniel Flenner; 1868-69, Henry Grubb, Daniel Flenner ; 1870-71, James Watson, Daniel Flenner; 1872, Jacob Tome, A. Hawn ; 1873-74, M. Shriner, William Gahagan ; 1875, Abraham Snare, William Gahagan ; 1876, S. Peightal, Tobias Foreman ; 1877, Samuel Peightal, WilliamSpeck; 1878, Faires Lebard, William Speck; 1879, Lewis Lefford, William Speck ; 1880-81, Thomas Moore, Isaac Goss. Smithfield.— This is a hamlet of one hundred and fifty inhabitants on the banks of the Juniata, opposite the upper end of the borough of Hunting don. It is built along the Alexandria turnpike, which constitutes its single street. The place had its be ginning with the sale of a few lots from a large field on the Smith tract, which was warranted as early as 1755, from which fact thehamlettook its name. Each purchaser of a lot was made subject to the payment of a ground-rent of one dollar and a half per year, which probably retarded the growth of the hamlet, as lots of the same size could be secured at Hunting don for a yearly rental of one dollar. In 1871 and the two years following additions to Smithfield were plotted by A. B. Kennedy, but several of these lots have since been purchased to make room for the grounds of the State Eeformatory, which, is being built at the upper end of the hamlet. ip »! I 9 Jl pi 1 19 »,-. : i :1k vr/ .^ ^BPfEvA I", ¦ k¥» I ¥M wM w WALKER TOWNSHIP. 383 Among the early residents of Smithfield were Adam Hoffman, a potter, and his son Adam, wheel- wight, who also made chairs andother useful house hold furniture. Martin Nerouske, a German, and Christian Port were also among the early citizens. The latter was a wagon-maker, and kept a public- house. Subsequently his widow married Martin Flenner, who continued those avocations as long as they were carried on in the place. With the excep tion of a gun-shop by James Gehrett, all the rest of the houses in the place are used as residences. McConnellstown. — This is the largest hamlet in the township, and is situated on the old Bedford road, five miles from Huntingdon and half a mile from the station of the same name on the Huntingdon and Broad Top Railroad. It is located on the lower and southern bench of Warrior's Eidge, on Vineyard Creek, at the Great Spring, where the stream passes from Woodcock Valley in its course to the Juniata, below Huntingdon. A hundred years ago the locality was known as the " Indian Sleeping- Place, on the path from Hart's Log Valley to the Bloody Bun." Many years after its occupation by the whites the hamlet was known as Bolandsburg, after Jonathan Boland, one of the pioneer citizens and land-owners of the vil lage. The present name was bestowed upon the place about the time it began its real growth in compliment to Alexander McConnell, who was the principal busi ness man of this locality for a number of years after the beginning of the present century. Yet for years, and as late as 1848, the name of Bolandsburg may be found in some of the old deeds as being applied to this place. The old part of McConnellstown was not platted, and the lots consequently were of irregular size, giving the village a straggling appearance. Reg ularly platted additions were made about 1846 by A. B. Sangree and Joseph McCoy on the Huntingdon road. McConnellstown is on the Edward Ward surveys, which were located in pursuance of two warrants dated July 7, 1762, and this large tract of land, after being the property of Richard Neave and his son Bichard, both of Philadelphia, passed into the hands of Alex ander McConnell in 1794, who received a patent for the same May 21, 1796. A few months later he sold one hundred and thirty-two acres to Joshua Lewis, who settled near the upper mill. In August, 1800, Lewis sold an acre of ground on the upper part of Bedford Street to William States, a German black smith from Adams County. The latter erected a house and shop on his lot, and was, as near as can be ascertained, the first permanent settler of the village. He was thrice married, and reared a large family, de scendants of the oldest son, Abraham, yet being resi dents of McConnellstown, and several of his sons yet being citizens of the county. Prior to the settlement of States, cabins were put up on the village site, at the Great Spring, and at other points, which were, occu pied as temporary homes by a number of families until other places of abode could be provided. Among this class of citizens were the Summers, Brat ton, and Lear families. The latter afterwards lived in a log house which occupied the site of the present Methodist Church. James Lear was a colored man, but had a white woman for his wife, rearing a family which settled in various parts of the county, some of the descendants being in Porter at this period. Jonathan Roland lived in a cabin near the creek, and kept one of the first public-houses. The Vandevender, Port, Hatfield, and Shenefelt families were residents of the place soon after the States and Roland families made the village their permanent home. Of the buildings of a later and better class the stone house erected by Patrick Lang, about 1828, which is yet in a good state of preservation, has become the most noteworthy landmark. The nearness of McConnellstown to Hunt ingdon has prevented the village from attaining great size or importance as a business place. In 1880 it contained a neat brick school-house, German Re formed and Methodist Episcopal Churches, three stores, and had a population numbering three hun dred and eight souls. The first regular store was opened by Alexander McConnell, in a stone building which stood near the upper mill, and which was destroyed by fire some time about 1850, having been used long before that time for a farm-house. The store was in charge of Alexander McConnell, Jr., and was, for its day, well kept, and enjoyed a paying patronage. In the course of years the Swoope family became the proprietors of the McConnell interests, carrying on the mercantile business very successfully. After the death of John Swoope the goods were disposed of by auction, and the house was converted to other uses. Prior to this a man named O'Kinson opened a store in the village, but was soon succeeded by James Campbell, who re mained in trade many years ; a later occupant of the stand being John Brewster, from 1859 to 1864. In 1845, Simon Ake had a place of business in the vil lage which was closed the following year. Later merchants were Benjamin Jacobs, John B. Given, William Campbell, Thomas Moore, Benjamin Mega han, Henry Barrick, and Cyrus and Stewart Fox. Joseph Douglas has been in trade since 1854, having at one time a large business, which has been allowed to diminish. G. W. States has merchandised since 1866 in the corner store, which was erected in 1848, and since the past year Lloyd & Megahan have car ried on the third store. Isaac Vandevender followed Jonathan Boland as the keeper of a public-house, and the next to open a place of entertainment was Andrew Fraker, in the house now owned as a residence by John S. Johnston. Later came as landlords Jacob Megahan, followed by David, and yet later by Benjamin L. Megahan, the latter retiring about 1854. Subsequently Faives Leb- hard, James Hall, Henry Strouse, John Dell, Joseph 384 HISTORY OP HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Stoner, John- Shock, Washington Lang, Henry Smith, and John Dean were the keepers of public- houses, but since 1876 the village has been without a public inn. The mechanic trades have been carried on at Mc Connellstown since 1800. That year William States opened a blacksmith-shop, and ever since that trade has here been carried on by some member of the States family. Subsequent smiths have been Adam Morningstar, Abraham Isenberg, and Israel Baum- gartner. The first wheelwright-shop was opened by Isaac Vandevender, about 1808, and was carried on by him a number of years. In later years John Van devender, Peter Vandevender, and John Householder had shops, in some of which a number of men were employed, but this trade has been allowed to decline, little attention being paid to it at present. Nicholas Shenefelt was the pioneer gunsmith of the village, and was reckoned a very good workman. Thomas and Joseph Douglas were his apprentices and afterwards carried .on the trade. John S. Johnston has been the village .gunsmith since 1854. Near Mc Connellstown, Levi Fendersmith had a gun-shop shortly after 1800, which was discontinued after his removal. John Port had the first shoe-shop, and after his death his wife, Lena, for some time supported her large family by carrying on this trade, manifesting considerable skill in the use of the tools employed in making a pair of shoes. Daniel Shriner was a later shoemaker. George Hatfield opened a cooperage in the village about 1810, and was assisted by his son Adam. They were natives of Maryland. Jacob Megahan was another early cooper, and Isaac Davis, a Welshman, was the pioneer tailor. The McConnellstown post-office was established with the name of Woodcock Valley, Andrew Fraker being the first postmaster and keeping the office in the house now occupied by John S. Johnston. The mail-route was from Huntingdon to Burnt Cabins, and was traveled once per week on horseback. The next official was James Campbell, in the present Brewster residence. J. B. Given followed as his suc cessor, and subsequent appointees were Joseph Doug las, Henry Barrick, B. L. Megahan, John Brewster, and since 1867 George W. States, Since the comple tion of the railroad a daily mail has been supplied by that means. McConnellstown Station was opened in 1855, and Joseph Douglas appointed agent, holding that position until his death. Until the spring of 1881 the station- house was on the east side of the creek, twenty rods from the present building. The latter is a neat and attractive structure, and is surrounded by convenient sidings. The principal shipments are iron ore, the freights from the same approximating two thousand dollars' worth per year. The chief consignees are the Grove Brothers, of Danvill e, the Cambria Iron- Works and the Elizabeth Furnace, of Bell's Mills. The former control, by lease, nearly all the mineral lands in the township, their mining operations being carried on under the superintendence of Henry Smith Among private parties mining are Isaac Yocum & Co., J. F. N. Householder, and John Whitehead about twenty men being employed altogether. Dr. John Butz was the first physician to locate per manently in the township. He came about 1840 and remained until his death, which occurred several years later at Hatfield's Rolling-Mills, while on a visit to that place. His successor was Dr. Henry Orlady, who was the practitioner until 1848, when he removed to Petersburg.. He was born in the Kisha coquillas Valley in 1818, and graduated from the University of New York, having previously taken a course of lectures at Jefferson College. Since 1848 Dr. Martin Orlady, a brother of the above, has been the physician of McConnellstown. He was born in 1820, and is a graduate of the University of New York. For a short time he had as a contemporary a Dr. Chestnutwood, but for many years has been the sole practitioner, his ride embracing a large scope of country. Prominent among the business men and farmers of this township is Robert Martin, who was horn in Porter township, Huntingdon Co., February, 1834. His father, Isaac Martin, was a native of Jackson] township, where he was born in 1784. He removed to Porter, and there died in 1867, aged eighty-three, after a long life of usefulness, leaving behind him a worthy name as a valuable heritage to his children. His wife (a McCartney) died in 1841. Of their ten children four are living, and of these four the sons are Isaac, on the homestead in Porter, and Eobert, in Walker. Robert Martin was raised on his father's farm, and received his education first in the home district school and later at the Shade Gap Academy. He left home at the age of twenty-eight to farm for his brother Mat thew, with whom he remained two years, and in the spring of 1865 he moved to the farm he now occupies ' in Walker township to work it for his father, who then owned it. In 1868 he purchased the property, and in 1874 he erected the fine dwelling that now beautifies the farm. It is the most expensive resi dence in Walker, and is creditable alike to the taste and enterprise of its owner. The farm tract, com prising one hundred and fifty acres, is fruitful land, and embraces the purchase made by Isaac Martin the elder. Robert Martin was married in 1863 to Jemima, daughter of Daniel Kyper, of Walker town ship. Daniel Kyper is still living at Marklesburg, at the ripe old age of eighty-seven years. He was for many years actively engaged in Huntingdon County as a master-mason and farmer, and comes of a family whose ancestry goes back to the earliest days of the settlement of Central Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. Martin have eight children. Their eldest daughter married David Shultz, of Penn township, Hunting- ft&r /ht**ZZv WALKER TOWNSHIP. 385 don Co. Mr. Martin has been a member of the Ger man Reformed Church since 1868, and one of the most active workers therein. For the past three years he has been school director in his township, and among the friends of public education is one of the foremost in serving it with zeal and energy. His ambition is to be a useful citizen, and that record he is worthily achieving in a way that leaves no room to doubt the success of his efforts. He has earned pros perity by honest and industrious endeavor, and has won a name that does him credit. General Manufacturing Interests.— One of the first improvements of this nature was made in the colonial period. Before the Revolution Michael Cry der put up a small grist-mill at the big spring on the Juniata, below the narrows of Warrior's Ridge, and until a few years ago in Porter township, the re adjusted bounds throwing the site within Walker. The original mill was rude, but well calculated for those times, giving place to better mills for grinding, sawing lumber, and the manufacture of hempen goods as soon as the country demanded it. Cryder lived at the mill, but during the troublous times of Indian incursions kept his family at Huntingdon, a few miles below on the river, he and his hardy sons returning to the mill in daytime to do what little grinding was to be done, some of the men being en gaged in the mill, while others stood on guard to give warning of the approach of the savages. After the war Cryder paid considerable attention to merchant milling. (See Porter township.) Shortly after 1800 the mills became the property of Jonathan Roland, but soon passed into the hands of John Whittaker, and later were owned by his son Thomas. From him, after many years' operation, they passed to the present owner of the property, Thomas Fisher, who has made the power auxiliary to his mills at Huntingdon. The saw-mill was carried away by a flood, and the mill- house was allowed to go to decay, no machinery having been operated there since 1852. A little later than the above was the mill Nathaniel Jarrard erected on Vineyard Creek, below the present village of Mc Connellstown. Like the former, it was a very simple affair, and was probably not gotten in operation until after the Revolution. William Wolverton became a subsequent owner, and later Alexander McConnell. The latter put up a new log mill, and built a distil lery across his tail-race. Then came a better mill, with Peter and Henry Swoope as owners. The latter finally obtained the property, and sold to the Hawn Brothers, and while belonging to them the mill was burned down. The present mill was built by Joseph McCoy and John Heffner, in 1866, and since 1868 has been owned and operated by John Heffuer. It has three run of stones, and is a good mill for the section of country which it supplies with grinding privileges. A saw- mill has been operated in connection since the power has been improved. On the same stream, above the village of McCon- 25 nellstown, Edward Bell (commonly called Neddy), the celebrated millwright, erected a mill for Alexan der McConnell, which was destroyed by fire about 1837, while owned by Peter Swoope, but operated under a lease by John Swoope. The latter rebuilt the mill, which now occupies the same site, and which had as owners S. S. Wharton, Joseph McCoy, Andrew Heffner, and is at present operated by his widow. Like the former, it is an excellent mill, but is supplied with a less constant water-power. On Reynolds Run, a branch of Vineyard Creek, Andrew Grubb has in operation a small saw-mill. The stream takes its name from David Reynolds, who lived on it and had a small tannery there in the early history of the country. He was a very eccentric man, cherishing, among other whims, a notion that he could find vast treasures of hidden wealth on his farm. In his search for this he destroyed a very fine spring. His son David claimed to be endowed with supernatural powers. The tannery which they car ried on was probably small, and of the type common in that day. On another tributary stream Eleazer Lloyd built a saw-mill which has fallen into disuse; and in other parts of the township small lumber-mills have been allowed to go to decay, having served their period of usefulness. To this class belonged a small mill near the southern bounds of the township, which was operated by a man named Davis more than eighty years ago. Traces of the raceway are said yet to remain. Among those who had distilleries in the township were the Lloyds, McConnells, James Moore, on the present James Ward place, and John Patton, in the same neighborhood. His still was of larger capacity than common in those days, and had more than a local reputation. On the death of the elder Patton his son John took up the business of distillation, but later joined the Washingtonians, and since that period a decided temperance sentiment has prevailed in Walker. Some time about 1820, Patrick Lang first began tanning leather at McConnellstown, his yard having but a few vats. In 1840, Daniel Pretzman opened another yard in the same locality. In 1851 both yards were destroyed by a flood, the former tiinnery being at that time carried on by Silas Lang and Wil liam Smith. Later tanners there were George H. Lang, the Johnstons, and for the past few years Samuel Laughlin. Its capacity is limited, but the products are in good repute. The Pretzman tannery was re built in 1852, by Thomas and David Norris, and, with Mr. Pretzman as tanner, was carried on till 1866, when William Smith and Luden Norris began operations, the latter being the sole owner in 1873, when the tannery was discontinued. For a short time water- power was employed. Above these tanneries Joseph McCoy and William Kratzer erected a foundry in 1862, making castings for plows, threshers, and other farm machinery. They 386 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. were succeeded by Kratzer & Bupp, and later Solomon Bupp became the proprietor, continuing the owner ship to the present. He enlarged the works, supply ing steam-power in 1871. The main building is now thirty by eighty feet, and is supplied with machinery for carrying on a first-class foundry and repair-shop. Employment is given to three men. Educational and Religious. —Among the directors elected in 1837 were several members who refused to qualify on account of their hostility to the free-school system, but others manifested a warm interest in their support, and the schools of the township have in creased in usefulness and importance until they rank among the best in the county. In 1837 the board was organized by the selection of Thomas Douglass, presi dent. In November, 1837, the school at McConnells town was opened, with John B. Tussey as teacher, and at the end of the month had an enrollment of fifty- two pupils. John Houck was appointed teacher for the Hawn school-house, but on account of the oppo sition to the system manifested in that neighborhood the house was refused, but was subsequently opened and a small school taught there. At Smithfield a house was rented of John Livingstone for one dollar and twenty-five cents per month, and David Richwine employed as teacher at eighteen dollars per month. On the Raystown Branch, at David Corbin's, John Ridenour opened a school Jan. 2, 1838. In 1843 the township voted to build six school- houses of seasoned white-pine, each to be twenty-two by twenty-six feet, except the house at Hawn's, which was to be twenty-four by twenty-six feet. In 1880 there were six buildings in the township, three of them being superior brick houses, namely, Peigh- tal's, built in 1871 ; Lloyd's, built in 1875 ; and Mc Connellstown, built in 1876. The school property was valued at $5000 ; the total expenditures for school purposes were $1177.68 ; number of months taught, 5; pupils attending, males, 143, females, 113; average daily attendance, 185; and mills levied for school purposes, 4. The following have been elected to serve as direc tors under the common-school system : 1836, Jacob Hawn, Martin Speck ; 1837, Henry Isenberg, George Hawn ; 1838, John Tocum, James Moore ; 1839, A. B. Sangster, John Riden our; 1840, William Robb, Joseph Douglass; 1841, no report; 1842, John Ridenour, John Dean; 1843, John S. Patton, Israel Baura- gardner; 1844, John Vandevender, Peter Heffner; 1845, Samuel Peightal, "William Dean, Joseph McCoy, William States; 1846, J. Householder, William Lincoln; 1847, J. Yocum, J. Snyder, P. Peigh tal, John Robb; 1848, John Vandevender, Daniel Flenner; 1849, John Robb, William Lincoln; 1850, William L. States, William Geissinger; 1851, John Vandevender, Samuel Watson; 1852, Alex ander Lindsey, A. B. Sangree; 1853, John Vandevender, William States; 1854, William E. Corbin, Henry Garner; 1855, John Kerr, William Ridenour, William Campbell; 1856, John Vandevender, James Johnston; 1857, A. B. Sangree, William Herron; 1858, Jo seph McCoy, William Lincoln, George Lininger; 1859, Abraham States, Moses Harner; 1860, Henry Peightal, JameB Watsou; 1861, William Lincoln, Benjamin Heffner; 1862, Joseph Isenberg, Isaac Kurtz; 1863, Isaac Tocum; 1864, Martin Orlady, Joseph McCoy; 1865, Edmund Yocum, C. Martin, William S. Lincoln; 1866, James Watson, Jacob Sharer; 1867, James Ward, David Flenner; 1868, Abraham Grubb, Livingston Robb ; 1869, William Lincoln, William Speck; 1870-71, H. Harris, A. Grubb; 1872, S. Peightal, S.' Watson- 1873, J. S. Johnston, H. Snyder, William Isenberg ; 1874, J. M. Ward' J. F. N. Householder; 1875, A. M.Ward, James Watson ; 1876 Eok ert Martin, Andrew Grubb; 1877, A. B. Kennedy, Jacob Forme- 1878, James Watson, John S. Johnston ; 1879, John Vandevender' Henry Lloyd; 1880, John Peightal, John P. Watson ; 1881, James C. Watson, John S. Johnston. The first house of worship situated in the township was known as the Union Church, and was built some time about 1825, at McConnellstown, on a lot which was set aside for church and cemetery purposes by Alexander McConnell. All denominations united in building this house, which was at first very simply furnished, the seats being made of slabs. The first regular pews were made by Andrew Freaker. The first organized body using the house was the society called the Crooked Creek Baptist Church, which was constituted in 1826. Among its members were Nich olas Shenefelt and family, Samuel and James Flen- ning, Jefferson Thompson, Barbara Thompson, Rob ert Thompson, and a few others. The society had a very short existence, and after the German Reformed congregation became possessed of its own church in 1847, the Methodists were the only society to occupy it statedly, from which circumstance the house was called the Methodist Church until 1872, when the pres ent Methodist Episcopal Church was built. The lotof ground upon which it stands was donated by Joseph McCoy,' upon whose addition to McConnellstown it is. The building committee was composed of Abra ham Grubb, Abraham Snarer, Isaac Yocum, John Householder, Wilson Watson, and Luden Norris. The house is a frame, forty by sixty feet, with a base ment nine feet high, which has been fitted up for class-rooms. The church cost four thousand five hundred dollars, and was consecrated in January, 1873, by the Rev. Dr. Hamline, presiding elder of the district. The members worshiping there number eighty, forming a class led by the pastor. The pastors following the Rev. J. P. Long, who was the preacher in charge when the church was built, were the Revs. J. A. McKindless, Edmund White, W. E. Hoch, J. W. Bell, Jacob Montgomery, and F. Rogerson, the latter since April, 1880. The circuit embraces, besides McConnellstown, Grafton, Marklesburg, Russell's, and Entriken's. The Rev. Luden Norris is a resident local preacher at McConnellstown. The Sunday- school maintained by the church has a membership of one hundred, and the superintendent is J. F. N. Householder. The Reformed Church at McConnellstown was organized in the spring of 1834 by the Rev. Jonathan Zeiler, and embraced among its members persons be longing to the Heffner, Swoope, Isenberg, Kyper, and Johnston families. Later active members were A. B, Sangue, John Patton, and others. Mr. Zeiler formed a catechetical class, which had sixty-five members, and baptized before confirmation thirty-five adults. At his first communion seventy-two persons partook WARRIOR'S MARK TOWNSHIP. 387 of the holy rites. Thence the church continued to flourish, and in 1881 had one hundred and eighty communicants. In 1847 a neat brick church edifice was erected, capacitated to hold three hundred per sons, which, in a repaired condition, yet affords an attractive place of worship. The church consistory in 1881 was composed of Elders Joseph Isenberg, John Brewster, Farris Lebhart, and Andrew Neff; Deacons, Samuel Stouffer, Samuel Lininger, James Ward, and John P. Watson. Among other elders in former times were A. B. Sangue, William Geis- inger, Henry Swoope, John Heffner, and George Lininger. In the pastorate the successors of the Bev. Zeiler were the Revs. George W. Willard, Aaron Christ- man, Henry Heckman, William M. Detrich, Samuel H. Reid, J. S. Kieffer, L. D. Stickle, and since 1872 the Rev. A. G. Dole, who serves the congregation in connection with the church at Huntingdon. From the congregation have gone forth as ministers the Revs. Milton H. Sangue and Calvin Peightal. A vig orous Sunday-school is maintained. CHAPTER LIX. WARRIOR'S MARK TOWNSHIP. This township, as erected in 1798, included the northeastern part of Snyder and a small portion of Tyrone, now in Blair County, and a considerable area of territory that in 1800 was included in the new county of Centre. The lines separating it from the mother-township of Franklin were run by R. James Law and William Reed in 1816, and re-marked, by order of court, in 1863, by Vincent Stevens, Richard Wills, Abraham Crain, and J. Simpson Africa. The Lewisburg and Tyrone Railroad enters the township near the southwestern border, and traverses its whole length in a northeastern direction. The Spruce Creek and Philipsburg turnpike road, con structed under act of March 24, 1849, crosses from southeast to northwest, passing the villages of War rior's Mark and Spring Mount. The earliest land-warrants located in the township were granted July 28, 1766, to John Baynton and Samuel Wharton. The surveys, nine in number, embrace the belt of fertile land skirting Bald Eagle Ridge from the Little Juniata to a point a mile or two northeast of the village of Warrior's Mark. Along the streams are valleys of fertile lands, gen erally resting on a limestone base, which are well improved and in a high state of cultivation. Much of the remainder of the surface of the township con sists of uplands, a portion of which are sterile, being of the nature of pine barrens. Separating these di visions are 'three ridges, trending in a southwest di rection, and bearing the names of Bald Eagle, Pen nington, and Dry Hollow. The former is the most elevated, and its sides admit of but little profitable cultivation. Iron ore abounds in nearly every part of the township, the deposits in the southeastern part being especially rich. Its development, next to agri culture, forms the most important industry of the in habitants. Large tracts of land east of Pennington Ridge are controlled by iron-masters, who have car ried on mining operations the greater part of a cen tury. The reduction of these ores is carried on out side the limits of the township. There are other minerals, which. have not yet been successfully de veloped. The origin of the name of the township is not clearly settled. Michael Maguire, who came with his parents to the county in 1773, in a statement made in 1845, said that there were marks on trees near where Warrior's Mark Town now stands, made by Indian warriors. More than twenty years ago, Henry Kri- der, who then owned and lived on the farm northwest of the village, showed the writer in the woods south of the turnpike the remains of four forked oak-trees, standing on the angles of a quadrangular figure ; in the fork of each was a stone almost wholly covered by layers of new wood. These he called the " War rior's Marks," and said that he had heard a tradition that this spot was a favored camping-place of the In dians. , , On the maps the "Indian path leading from Frankstown to the Bald Eagle's Nest" is delineated. The stream now known as Logan's Run is designated " Crucket Creek." Their modern name is doubtless derived from the proximity of the mouth of the stream to Logan's Narrows, the water-gap in the Bald Eagle Ridge below Tyrone. In 1767 warrants were laid upon half a dozen or more tracts for Samuel Wallace and others. The Ottleberger and Henderson farms were im proved in 1777 by Nathan and Thomas Rickets. Ed ward Rickets lived in the same neighborhood. At the time Warrior's Mark township was set off from Franklin, in 1798, the following were the settlers, or land-owners, each having the number of acres set opposite his name : Acres. Augustine, Philip 50 Addleman, John 100 ABpey, Joseph 100 Boyd, Andrew 50 Burdsall, Whitson 150 Baker, Michael Berry, Ezekiel 150 Climenshawk, Henry 70 Cox, Richard 80 Cadwallader, Joseph1 (grist- and saw mills) 1400 Coffee, Michael Cloud, James 50 Calderwood, James Davidson, Alexander Dennis, Widow 200 Davidson, Thomas Dennison, John 200 Dearmont, James Downey, Thomas 250 Acres. Dickson, Samuel Elder.Abrabam 300 Ettinger, Leonard 125 Funk, Jacob 50 Funk, Martin 125 Fugate, John 200 Finley, Widow 50 Fenton, Benjamin Fagan, Harmon ]40 Galbraith, Widow 100 Gibson, James 150 Ganoe, William 50 Grazier, Joseph 150 Hoover, Christian Horrish, Nicholas 100 Hutchinson, William 200 Hinkle, George 75 Hirkle, Frederick 75 Hollingsworth, David 100 Hollingsworth, Israel 150 1 A brother of John Cadwallader, Esq., of Huntingdon, proprietor of Birmingham. 388 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Acres. Hathen, Robert 60 Hoover & Co 10 Jackson, James 100 Jack, Andrew Johnston, Benjamin 150 Kelley, William 150 Kerr, Thomas 300 Kerr, David Luckett, Thorium 300 Longhead, Benjamin 150 Lougmore, 150 Lewis, Joshua Lewis, Kvan 300 Lewis, John 200 Massey, Pliineas 150 Masterson, Anthony 100 Moore, Elijah 100 Mensor, George 200 Mang, Adam 100 Miller, William Miller, Widow 300 Miller. James Mathorn, George H'O McClelland, William, Jr 75 McClelland, David Mann, John 200 Mullen, Neal Matthews, Richard Moore, Thomas 50 Moore, Thomas B 100 Moore, James 100 AcreB. Porter, Andrew, Fsq. (two ne groes) 200 Peekey, Emanuel Pennington, Daniel 400 Pennington, James Pennington, Paul Peck, Daniel 200 Parks, Widow 500 Richards, John 150 Robeson, Andrew (one negro) 150 Stewart, Alexander 100 Stewart, William 100 Sadler, Richard 200 Smith, William 150 Stewart, Samuel Stewart, David Stewart, Robert 250 Stewart, John 450 Shinnel, George 50 Thompson, Thomas 120 Tipton, Shatlrach 110 Thompson, Caleb Thompson, John 100 Taylor, Jacob 110 Teatrue, John Whit7 | /7«* /** «* o \r-Z O /« 'A»V«W M> i IS9 W or \er 6tf I *9\tt 1 (7 /* ts M /J f 11 "1 » J>afflffi j»hta RIVER HUNTINGDON BOROUGH. 435 -it is obvious that it could not have been the original stone erected by the Indians. A part of the second stone is now in possession of Mr. E. C. Sum- rtiers, of this borough. (See Rev. Fithian's descrip tion of the Standing Stone as it was in 1775, on page 46.) The first white claimant of the land here was Hugh Crawford. It was well known to the 'early settlers that the Indians had cleared land near the Standing Stone, and also at a place some distance up the creek, and cultivated corn. It is probable that by some ar rangement with the tribe here located, Crawford ob tained possession of the cleared land, and, possibly tilled it for a short time. In 1756 he appears as a lieutenant in Capt. James Patterson's company of the provincial regiment, commanded by Lieut.-Col. Weiser. On the 1st day of June, 1760, for the considera tion of one hundred pounds, he executed a deed at Fort Pitt, conveying to George Croghan " a certain tract of land of four hundred acres on the north side of the Frankstown Branch of Juniata, known by the name of the Standing Stone, including my improvements thereon from the mouth of the Standing Stone Creek to the crossing up the creek, and to the upperward point of the small island." The crossing mentioned refers to the place where the old trader's road crossed the river, which was between the lower point of Cypress Island and the Eighth Street river bridge. On the 10th of December, 1764, George Croghan obtained from the proprietaries a warrant authorizing the sur vey of four hundred acres of land, " including an improvement situate on the north side of the Franks- town Branch of Juniata, known by the name of the Standing Stone, from the mouth of the Standing Stone Creek to the crossing up the creek, and to the upward point of the small island." Interest and quit-rent from 1st of March, 1754. Croghan, for the consideration of three hundred pounds, by deed dated March 25, 1766, conveyed to " William Smith, D.D., and provost of the College of Philadelphia," his warrant, dated Dec. 10, 1764, for the land as above described, to " include Hugh Crawford's improve ment." On the 6th of May following, Samuel Fin ley made a survey of what he designated " the Stand ing Stone place, or Crawford's," and included some other lands. Four months later, on the 6th of Sep tember, William Maclay, the deputy surveyor of the district, made some changes in the survey, reducing it to four hundred and twenty-eight acres and one hundred and five perches, and made return of the same to the land office. On his return Maclay states, " On the above tract is an old improvement made by one Crawford (of whom George Croghan purchased) in the year 1753 or 1754." In 1767, Dr. Smith caused a town to be laid out, extending westward to Fourth Street and northward to Washington Street, and named it " Huntingdon." Bnt during the Revolution the town was commonly called " Standing Stone," and even many years later it was so designated oftener than by the name it now bears. In many letters and documents of that period the two names were coupled together in order that there might be no uncertainty as to place men tioned, as "Huntingdon, the Standing-Stone town." The name is believed to have been given by Dr. Smith in honor of Selina, Countess of Huntingdon, in grateful remembrance of her liberal donation to the College of Philadelphia (now the University of Pennsylvania), of which he was the first provost.1 A fort was built here at an early date, of which mention was made in Chapter VII. It never was permanently garrisoned, but when troops were in Huntingdon, as was the case on several occasions of which we have authentic information, their quarters were in this fortification. When the fort was not garrisoned by soldiers, and an attack was appre hended from the savages, its defense devolved upon the residents of the town and surrounding country, who came in from many miles around to seek its pro tection. The oldest deed known to be extant, from Dr. Smith for a lot in this borough, bears date of Sept. 7, 1768, and conveyed to Samuel Anderson lot No. 12, on Allegheny Street, between Third and Fourth, and extended through to Penn Street. It is now owned by John W. Mattern. The deed was a printed one, with no blanks except for names and date's, and as the space left for the name of the town was not filled in writing, it is supposed that he had not as yet given it a name. The deed recites, — " The said William Smith hath laid out a certain Town called , at Standing Stone, on Juniata, in the County of Cumberland, and divided the same into streets and lots regularly named and numbered, as by the plan of the said town, entered on record in the Becorder's Office at Car lisle, in the said county, may appear." The consideration expressed in this deed, which may be taken as the terms made with all other pur chasers, was as follows : " Yielding and paying thorefor and thereout unto the said William Smith, his H^irs and Assigns, on the first Monday in September, in every year, the yearly Bent of One Spanish Milled Piece of Eight of fine Sil ver, weighing Seventeen Penny Weight and Six Grains at least, or Value thereof in Coin current; the first payment to be made on the first Mon day of September, which shall be in the Year of our Lord One Thousand Seven Hundred and Sixty-Nine, and so on the first Monday of Septem ber yearly, and every year thereafter forever. And further, the said Samuel Anderson doth covenant, promise, and agree to and with the said William Smith, his Heirs and Assigns, by these Presents, that he, the said Samuel Anderson, his Heirs and AsBigns, shall and will, at his or 1 She was the daughter of Washington Shirley, second Earl of Ferrars, was born in 1707, married Theophilus Hastings, Earl of Huntingdon, and died June 17, 1791. It iB said she expended in the course of her life, in public and private acts of charity, five hundred thousand dollars, and at her death left five thousand pounds for charitable purposes, and the rest of her fortune to the support of the sixty-four chapels she had built. She sold her jewels for six hundred and ninety-eight pounds fifteen shillings, and applied the money to the erection of the chapel at Brighton, England. She was a Calvinistic Methodist, and appointed George Whitefield, the founder and leader of that sect, one of her chap lains: he, in return, appointed her by will sole proprietrix of his pos sessions in the province of Georgia, in America, where she organized a 436 HISTOEY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. their own proper Cost and Charges, make, erect, build, and finish on the said Lot of Ground, one substantial Dwelling House of Dimensions of Eighteen Feet .by Twenty Feet at least, with a good Stone or Brick Chimney, within the Space of Ten months from the First Day of Octo ber" (year illegible). It was further stipulated that Dr. Smith was to have the right to recover by distress if arrearages were ninety days past due, and if the dwelling-house was not erected as agreed to re-enter and possess the lot, while if the arrearages remained unpaid for two years longer the lot was to revert to him absolutely. Dr. Smith was never a resident of the borough, al though its lifelong friend and patron, and in many ways did he manifest his interest in the place. He donated land for a grammar and free school, likewise for a cemetery, and gave a lot to each of the religious denominations of the place, represented by the Pres byterian, Protestant Episcopal, German Calvinist, Lutheran, Methodist Episcopal, and Roman Catholic. In 1798 he presented a bell to the borough, mentioned on page 50.1 Rev. William Smith, D.D., was born upon the banks of the river Don, within a few miles of Aberdeen, in Aberdeenshire, Sept. 7, 1727, and was baptized on the 19th of October following in the old Aberdeen Kirk. His father was Thomas Smith, and his mother Eliza beth, daughter of Alexander Duncan, Esq., of Lun- die Forfar. (Duncan's wife was a daughter of Sir Peter Murray, Bart., of Auchterty re. ) Entered parish school at the age of seven years, and remained until March, 1735. From this time until 1741 he was under the charge of the Society for the Education of Pa rochial Schoolmasters. At the latter date he entered the University of Aberdeen, where he received his first degree in 1747, and then left the institution. He passed the year 1750 in London. On March 3, 1751, he embarked for New York, and arrived there on May 1st. He became a tutor to the two children of Col. Martin, on Long Island, and remained until August, 1753. Early in the summer of that year he visited Phila delphia, made the acquaintance of Benjamin Frank lin, and visited the academy. On the 13th of October he sailed for England, and arrived in London on December 1st. On the 21st of December he was ordained deacon by Dr. John Thomas, Bishop of Lincoln, at the request and in the presence of Dr. Thomas Sherlock, Bishop of Lon don, who was then in a declining state of health. On the 23d he was ordained priest by Dr. Richard Os- baldeston, Bishop of Carlisle. On the 22d of May, 1754, he landed at Philadelphia, and the next day was inducted provost of the College and Academy of Philadelphia and Professor of Natu ral Philosophy. 1 It was hung on the old court-house, and later was removed to and used on the public school-house at Fifth and Moore Streets until Dec. 12 1861, when it was accidentally broken. It was subsequently sold to the Meneelys of Troy, N. Y., for bell-metal, and a new bell taken in ex change for use on the school building. On the 3d day of June, 1758, he was married at Moore Hall, by Rev. William Currie, rector of St. David's Church at Radnor, now in Delaware Countv to Rebecca, daughter of William Moore. His children were as follows: I. William Moore, born June 1, 1759, during the doctor's absence in England. The son was christened in Christ Church on the 3d of October, after the father's return. He graduated at the College of Philadelphia on the 17th of May, 1775. He read law ; was appointed an agent for the settlement of British claims in America, as provided in the sixth article of Jay's treaty, and went to England in 1803, He married on the 3d of June, 1786, at the Trappe, Montgomery Co., Ann, eldest daughter of Joseph Rudolph. His death occurred on the 12th of March 1821. II. Thomas Duncan, born Nov. 18, 1760, and bap tized in Christ Church on the 6th of the following March. Died at Huntingdon, July 9, 1789, and is buried there.2 III. Williamina Elizabeth, born July 4, 1762, during the doctor's second visit to England. She was bap tized in Christ Church on the 4th of August. (Her grandmother Moore's name was Williamina.) She became the wife of Hon. Charles Goldsborough, of Maryland. Died Dec. 19, 1790. IV. Charles, born March 4, 1765, died April 18, 1836 ; admitted to the bar in Philadelphia in June, 1786. He was the author of the compilation known as '"Smith's Laws of Pennsylvania." He was ap pointed, March 27, 1819, president judge of the judi cial district embracing Cumberland, Franklin, and Adams. April 28, 1820, he was commissioned presi dent judge of the District Court of Lancaster City and County. Phineas was born Jan. 31, 1767 ; died Aug. 16, 1770. Richard was born on the 25th day of January, 1769. He was baptized in Christ Church on the 19th day of March. Lived at the Cypress Cottage, Huntingdon.3 Rebecca* second daughter, was born on the 11th day of April, 1772, and baptized in the same church on the 24th. She married Samuel Blodget, Jr., May 10, 1792; died March 9, 1837. Eliza, born May 16, 1776 ; died Sept. 25, 1778. The following item was received from Mrs. Hannah Spencer, many years ago, through Judge Adams : "About 1774, Dr. William Smith preached one Sabbath at Standing Stone, and published notice that he would baptize the children that might be pre sented to receive that ordinance. To the surprise of all about eighty children were baptized in one day, and she thinks he was the first clergyman of any de nomination that administered baptism in the county, unless it might be Catholic." a Seo Chapter XVII. s gee chapter XVII. 4 Grandmother of William Smith Lincoln, of Walker township. HUNTINGDON BOROUGH. 437 Among those baptized by Dr. Smith on the occa sion referred to, or on one soon after, the names of the following well-known families occur: Brother- line, Parkinson, Edmiston, Sell, Swank (?), Dean, Weston, Spanogle, Nearhoof, Drake, Pridmore, En yeart, Shirley, Hoffman, and Westbrook. The Dorland Family.— John Dorland, who had served in the war of the Revolution in the New Jersey line, married Anna Robinson, settled near German- town, and about the year 1793 moved to Huntingdon, and lived for some time on the northeastern corner of Penn and Fifth Streets, and afterwards moved to his land in the " Big Lick Woods," now in Hen derson township. He died Aug. 9, 1813, and was buried in the cemetery in Huntingdon. His chil dren were : I. Joseph, who married Elizabeth Woodburn, from Frankstown or vicinity, June 27, 1806. Their chil dren were : I., John ; II., a daughter, who married David Rupert ; III., a daughter, who married Benja min Russler ; and another daughter, whose name was not obtained. II. Rebecca, who married Samuel Fisher, April 23, 1801. Their only child was Thomas Fisher, born Jan. 20, 1802, who is still living, a prominent citizen of the borough and president of the First National Bank. His mother died when he was about six months old. III. Isaac, who married Jane McNamara, Feb. 26, 3811. They resided in the borough of Huntingdon, and reared several children, some of whom yet live here. IV. Sarah, who married Sept. 13, 1802, William, a son of Abraham Haines, one of the early citizens of • the town. V. Eve, who died unmarried. VI. Elizabeth, who married Patrick Hays, a chair- maker in Alexandria, June 16, 1807. They removed to Kentucky. VII. and VIII. Jacob and John, twins. Jacob married Mrs. Cunningham, a sister of John Mc Cahan. Their son Thomas, after a residence of some years in Henderson township, removed to Illinois. John married Jane Postlethwaite, Sept. 29, 1814. IX. Polly, who married Samuel Ramsey. X. Ann, who married Thomas Postlethwaite, May 11, 1815, and resided in the Long Hollow, Mifflin Co. The Gazette of Thursday, Aug. 12, 1813, says — 'Died, at his farm in the vicinity of this place, on Monday evening last, Me. John Dorland, after a lingering illness, which he supported with uncom mon fortitude and resignation. Mr. Dorland was one of the few surviving patriots of the Revolution, who always supported the character of an honest man." He"was a supporter and probably a member of the Presbyterian Church. Most of all his children who married had the ceremony performed by Rev. John Johnston. Pioneer Families.— Benjamin Elliott was born in Path Valley in 1752. About the year 1775 he re moved to Huntingdon, which then was a village of but a few houses, and was still occupied by the In dians. He was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1776 ; was sheriff of Bedford County, and the first sheriff of Huntingdon County, com missioned Oct. 22, 1787. He was commissioned as lieutenant of the county on the 30th of the follow ing month. He was one of the delegates to the State Convention to ratify the Constitution of the United States, which assembled at Philadelphia in May, 1787. He figured as a militia officer in the riots of 1788 (elsewhere mentioned), and was the successor of Col. Canan in the Supreme Executive Council, taking his seat in that body Dec. 30, 1789. He also served as county commissioner, two terms as county treasurer, was an associate judge in 1791, and the first chief burgess of Huntingdon borough in 1796. After men tioning the many honorable positions he filled, it is almost unnecessary to add that he was one of the most prominent citizens of this section during his time. He resided in Huntingdon until his death, which occurred March 15, 1835, at the venerable age of eighty-three years. He was thrice married, had a large family, and left many descendants. The chil dren by his first wife, Mary Carpenter, of Lancaster County, Pa., were Martha, who married David Mc Murtrie; Mary, wife of Robert Allison, who died May 4, 1857; and James, a lawyer in this borough, who died young. The children by his second wife, Sarah Ashman, of Three Springs, Huntingdon Co., a sister of Col. Ashman, a native of England, and an officer in the Revolutionary war,1 were Eleanor, who became the wife of William Orbison ; Harriet, wife of Jacob Miller ; and Matilda, wife of Dr. James Stew art, who subsequently removed to Indiana, Pa. Elea nor, Harriet, and Matilda are deceased. The chil dren by the third wife, Susan, daughter of Abraham Haines, of Huntingdon, were Patience, who married Judge Calvin Blythe ; Benjamin, who married Mary Peebles, and removed to Newark, Ohio, where he died ; Louisa, wife of Dr. William Yeager; and John, married a Miss Wilson, in Ohio, whither he removed. William Allison, born in Scotland, June 17, 1696 ; he emigrated to the United States, and was the first of the name in that part of Franklin County, Pa., where is now the town of Greencastle. He had sons John, Patrick, Robert, and William, and one daugh ter, Agnes. It is through John, however, that the Huntingdon representative of the family came. He was born Dec. 23, 1738, and died June 14, 1795. His wife, Elizabeth Wilkin, died Nov. 19, 1815, aged sixty- seven years. Five sons and eight daughters consti tuted his family. One daughter, Mary, married Andrew Henderson, and lived in Huntingdon. An- 1 A looking-glass, bearing the Ashman coat-of-arms, is now in posses sion of Richard Ashman, Three Springs, Huntingdon Co., Pa. 438 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. other daughter, Nancy, married Elias Davidson, of Greencastle, whose daughter Elizabeth became the wife of William Dorris, Jr., of Huntingdon. Betsy Allison married Dr. John Henderson, and resided in Huntingdon. Of their five children but two are living, viz., Dr. M. Allison Henderson, in Lock Haven, Pa., and Dr. Andrew A. Henderson, a surgeon in the United States navy. Robert, one of the five sons of John, was born in Franklin County, March 10, 1777, but removed to Huntingdon about the year 1796, where he studied law, practiced his profes sion, aud married (Sept. 21, 1802) Mary, daugh ter of Benjamin Elliott and Mary (Carpenter), his wife. He was captain of a volunteer company in Huntingdon during the war of 1812. In 1830 he was elected to Congress, and served one term, after which he practiced law until his death, Dec. 2, 1840. His children were (1) Mary, who married Dr. Jonathan H. Dorsey in 1824, and lived at Mill Creek and Hunting don until about 1868, when she removed to St. Paul, Minn., where she now resides with her son Robert; (2) Elizabeth Wilkin, who married Benjamin Miller in 1826, and with their children (Robert A., Henry E., and Mary, now Mrs. Dr. H. K. Neff) reside in Huntingdon ; (3) Catharine M., who married Alex ander Gwin in 1832, and died in 1857 (June 29th), aged forty-seven years; (4) John Craig, who died young ; (5) Lydia Rebecca, who married William P. Orbison, of Huntingdon; (6) Robert Wilkin, and (7) William Elliott, both of whom died young; (8) Nancy Davidson, deceased, who became the wife of Rev. W. R. Bingham, and removed to Oxford, Pa. William Orbison was born June 27, 1777, on a farm near Willalloways' Creek, in York (now Adams) County, Pa., and died at Huntingdon, Aug. 23, 1857, aged eighty years. His grandfather, Thomas Orbison, emigrated from the neighborhood of Lurgan, Ireland, about the year 1740, and purchased a farm near Welsh Run, in Franklin County, Pa., where he resided until his death. He had four children, viz. : Thomas (the father of William), born October, 1747, William, John, and James. Thomas Orbison, Jr., purchased a farm near Will alloways' Creek, in York County, where he resided during the Revolutionary war. He and his brothers William and John held commissions in the military. service of the United States; he was commissioned captain July 5, 1777, and continued in the service until the end of the war. William died in the cam paign called the "Flying Camp." He was married April 5, 1774, to Elizabeth, daughter of Benjamin Bailey, who emigrated from Ireland some time before Dec. 23, 1752, the birthday of his daughter ; they had issue, — Isabella, born Jan. 31, 1775, afterwards inter married with John Slemmons (they had a daughter who married John Hogg) ; William, the subject of this sketch ; and Elizabeth Miller, born Oct. 27, 1779 afterwards intermarried with Samuel Porter. About the close of the war, Thomas, Jr., with his family, moved to Millerstown, Adams Co., where he engaged in merchandising until Oct. 2, 1784, when he died of scarlet fever, aged thirty-seven years. He was a good English scholar, wrote a fine hand, and in point of intellect was considered above mediocrity. His widow, Elizabeth, was married May, 1787, to William Agnew, with whom she moved in 1805 to Butler County, where she died April 7, 1826, aged seventy-four years. Soon after the death of Thomas, Jr., his family re turned to the farm, where William, the subject of this sketch, remained until Aug. 4, 1794, when he com menced learning "the languages" at the school of Rev. Alexander Dobbins, near Gettysburg; he con tinued at this school until Jan. 3, 1797, having in that time read all the Latin and Greek authors usu ally read at such institutions. March 31, 1797, he went to Botetourt County, Va., where he lived with Mr. Papscott, teaching his children and some others "the languages," etc., until July 2, 1798, when he returned home. Aug. 6, 1798, he set out for Washing ton, D. C, on a visit to Rev. John Breckenridge, for whom he kept a small store while there. He re turned to Pennsylvania in the November following, and engaged in teaching school at Hanover, where he remained for three months ; becoming dissatisfied with this vocation he commenced reading law in the office of his uncle, James Orbison, at Chambersburg, April 12, 1799, and continued until Aug. 6, 1801, when he was admitted to the bar of Franklin County. Aug. 24, 1801, he left for Huntingdon, where he was admitted August 26th to the bar of Huntingdon County. He commenced the practice of law at Hunt ingdon, October 19th, and continued it until about 1830, when he gave up his practice and devoted the most of his time to literary pursuits. (See Bench and Bar.) He wielded a trenchant pen, and during the early political campaigns contributed many articles to the local papers. He was fond of music, and somewhat of a composer. Having purchased large tracts of land in Cromwell township, he laid out part of this property in town lots about 1832, and named ' the town Orbisonia. He was president of the Hunt ingdon Bank, which was chartered in 1814. He was married Oct. 6, 1808, to Eleanor, daughter of Benjamin Elliott by his second wife, Sarah Ash man, sister of Col. George Ashman ; they had issue,— Sarah Harriet, born July 11, 1809, intermarried Jan. 28, 1830, with Dr. Benjamin McMurtrie (they had one child). Harriet Orbison intermarried with R. R. Bryan, Esq. Caroline Elizabeth, born March 16, 1811, died Sept. 9, 1829. Thomas Elliott, born Nov. 26, 1812. , When about twenty years of age he moved to where Orbisonia was afterwards laid out, and has lived there ever since, having been engaged in store-keeping, also in the milling business and in supervising several HUNTINGDON BOROUGH. 439 farms. He has had three wives, — his first, Julia Ann Wiestling ; his second, Elizabeth Hamill ; his third, Arabella Irwin, who is still living, and by whom he has a son, William Irwin. William Penn, born Nov. 4, 1814. He has lived in Huntingdon ever since his birth, and is at present living in the brick house erected by his father in 1815. He commenced the practice of law in 1835, and still continues the practice. (See Bench and Bar.) He was married Sept. 16, 1841, to Lydia Rebecca, daughter of Robert and Mary Allison, the latter be ing a daughter of Benjamin Elliott by his first wife. Their children are William Allison, intermarried with Mary W. Hurd, who have five daughters. He is at present engaged in the coal business in Phila delphia. Mary Elliott, Ellen Harris, and Robert Allison, the latter being engaged in the practice of law with his father. (See Bench and Bar.) Ellen Matilda, born July 19, 1816, intermarried May 2, 1837, with Dr. John Harris. Her husband having been appointed consul to Venice in 1870, she went there and resided with him until his death in 1881, and is now making her home in Europe. - Henrietta Ashman, born Dec. 12, 1817, intermarried Sept. 16, 1841, with Hugh Nelson McAllister, Esq., of Bellefonte. Their children living are Mary, inter married with Gen. James A. Beaver, who have three boys ; and Sarah, intermarried with Dr. Thomas R. Hayes, who reside in Bellefonte. Martha Ann, born Dec. 1, 1819, died Sept. 1, 1824. Louisa Augusta, born Oct. 2, 1821, intermarried April 4, 1850, with Samuel Colhoun ; they lived in Philadelphia for a number of years, and afterwards removed to St.. Paul, Minn., where they now reside. They have a daughter (Emma) intermarried with Dr. Francis Atwood, of St. Paul, who is now dead, leav ing a son to survive him. Edmund Burke, born April 20, 1823. When a young man he moved to Philadelphia, where he en gaged in the mercantile business until about 1873, when he went to assist his brother Thomas at Orbi- sonia, where he now lives and is engaged in business. James Henry, born March 23, 1826 ; entered the Presbyterian ministry. In 1850 he sailed for India as a missionary ; married Sept. 28, 1853, to Agnes C. Kay, who died without issue. Afterwards married Nannie D. Harris, of Bellefonte, while on a visit from India in 1859. Their children were James Harris, now in the Theological Seminary at Princeton, and who intends going as a missionary to India ; Ellen, intermarried with Rev. Sylvester Beach, of Baltimore ; Agnes, and Thomas. He died at Bellefonte in 1870, about one month after his return from India. Isabella Slemmons, born Nov. 18, 1831, drowned Sept. 14, 1833. Charles Carroll, born Dec. 1, 1835, died Nov. 20, 1836. Soon after the marriage of William Orbison, he purchased the house at the corner of Sixth and Penn Streets, where the old Presbyterian Church now stands, and removed there, remaining until 1813, when he removed to the log house situated on Penn Street, between Third and Fourth, and now owned by Messrs. Mattern & Dunn. In 1815 he built the large brick house at the corner of Third and Penn Streets, and in 1816 moved into it and resided there until his death. John Patton Anderson, son of Alexander A. and Jane (Patton) Anderson, was born at Lewistown, Pa., in 1818. He read law at Huntingdon with John G. Miles, was appointed assistant deputy attorney- general at Pittsburgh by Governor Porter, and about the same time was married to Margaret H. William son. He became a clerk in the Canal Department at Harrisburg, and, later, the supervisor of the Juniata Division of the canal at Huntingdon. In 1849 he became interested with John Edgar Thomson in the building of the Pennsylvania Railroad, and in that business accumulated a large fortune. His arduous labors brought on a partial paralysis of the right side, from which he died Feb. 10, 1862. His widow still resides in the borough of Huntingdon. Of their children, William Patton served as lieu tenant in the Fifth Regular Infantry. He died in 1863 at Huntingdon. Charles Houston is a well- known citizen of Huntingdon ; Ellen Cornyn is the wife of John M. Maguire, of Huntingdon; Alice Carothers is the wife of Dr. D. P. Miller, of Hunt ingdon. The youngest child, Alexander Augustus, is also a resident of the borough. Samuel Steel, brother of Gen. William, was a na tive of Ireland, and an early settler in Huntingdon. He was county treasurer in 1813-14, in 1818-20, and for many years postmaster of this place, the prede cessor of Isaac Dorland. His wife was Jane McCart ney, daughter of John McCartney, of Huntingdon township. She died in 1829. Samuel, her husband, died in 1850, aged eighty-five years. Their sons were named John, William, Samuel, and George A., the two first named being physicians. Their daughters were Elizabeth, wife of John Williamson, and Mar garet, wife of Rev. David Blair, of Indiana County, Pa., and mother of Samuel S. Blair, of Hollidays burg, and Judge John Blair, of Indiana County. George A. Steel was the only son who married. His wife was Elizabeth McMurtrie, a daughter of James McMurtrie. Two sons and three daughters of George A. are living, Samuel A., George G., and Elizabeth (wife of Milton S. Lytle), residing in the borough. John Simpson, son of James and Mary Simpson, was born in Buckingham township, Bucks Co., Pa., in 1744, and learned the trade of a blacksmith. In 1769 he settled near the Susquehanna, in the vicinity of Fort Hunter, in Upper Paxton township, then Lancaster County, and pursued his trade. On the 15th of August, 1775, he was commissioned as second lieutenant in Capt. James Murray's company of the Fourth Battalion of Associators, of Lancaster County, 440 HISTOEY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. and after the declaration of independence entered the Continental service with that company. On the 7th of May, 1776, he was married by Rev. John Elder, of the Paxton Church, to Margaret Murray, a daugh ter of his captain, who lived on the north side of the Susquehanna, immediately above the borough of Dauphin. In the spring of 1793 he moved to Hun tingdon, and on the 4th day of April in that year pur chased from Abraham Haines two adjoining lots on the northwest corner of Penn and Second Streets, on which there was a house erected, but not quite ready for occupancy. He finished the house and dwelt there until his death, which occurred Feb. 3, 1807, aged about sixty-three years. His widow died April 27, 1826, in her seventieth year. Their children were : 1. Rebecca, born April 8, 1777, married John Pat ton, April 16, 1801, and reared several children. She died Oct. 15, 1845, in her sixty-eighth year. 2. Margaret, born Jan. 30, 1779, died unmarried March 3, 1829. 3. James, born June 20, 1781, was a surveyor. He passed through all the military grades in his younger days, from lieutenant to colonel. He was elected county commissioner in 1819. He died Jan. 31, 1851, in his seventieth year. 4. Martha, born Feb. 15, 1786, married George Anshutz, Jr., May 6, 1806, moved to Pittsburgh, and died there, leaving several children. 5. Anna, born July 9, 1788, married William Curry, and died in Franklin township, May 26, 1856, in her sixty-eighth year. 6. Sarah, born Sept. 10, 1791, died young. All the above were born in Paxton township. 7. Elizabeth Isabella, born Aug. 22, 1794, married Daniel Africa, Aug. 19, 1830, died at Atsion, N. J., Dec. 13, 1865, in her seventy-second year, and is buried in the Huntingdon Cemetery. A daughter, Margaret Murray, died in infancy; one son, J. Simp son, survives. 8. John, born June 21, 1798, married, first, Mrs. Elizabeth Ramsey, who died April 14, 1852, and second, Mrs. Mary McAllister. He died July 19, 1872, having entered his seventy-fifth year. One of his sons, George A., the color-bearer of the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, was killed at the battle of Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862, and another, J. Randolph, was seriously wounded. The latter recovered from his wounds, and in 1866 was elected prothonotary of the county. He is a member of the law firm of Simpson & Armitage. The eldest son, J. Murray, a farmer, resides in Oneida township, near the borough line. Two of his daugh ters, Anna M. and Lydia M., reside on Second Street and the third, Fannie, in Washington, D. C. John Patton, born in what is now Franklin County, Dec. 25, 1757, died on his farm in Woodcock Valley, Walker township, May 23, 1836, in his seventy-ninth year. In his earlier years he was a resident of the borough of Huntingdon. He was six times elected sheriff, and his term of service as deputy and princi pal extended over a period exceeding twenty years. He married Rebecca, daughter of John Simpson April 16, 1801. Their children were :l 1. William Moore, b. Feb. 16, 1803, died Aug. 9, 1871. 2. John Simpson, b. June 15, 1806, died Aug. 30 1850. 3. Elizabeth,2 b. June 30, 1808, died March 31, 1811. 4. James,2 b. June 30, 1808, died Sept. 16, 1836. 5. Joseph, b. Oct. 6, 1810. 6. Benjamin F., b. Nov. 26, 1812. 7. Rebecca S., b. March 14, 1815, died Dec. 13, 1862. 8. George W., b. Sept. 6, 1817, died March 7, 1882. He, his wife, and some of their children were in terred in the Huntingdon cemetery. I. William Moore Patton married Rebecca Boal in Ohio in 1842, and settled in Kentucky. Their chil dren were : 9, George Boal ; 10, William ; 11, William A. ; 12, Clara Bell. II. John S. Patton married Catharine Huyett, Sept. 1, 1836. After a residence of a few years on the homestead farm, he was appointed collector of tolls on the canal at Huntingdon, moved there, re maining a few years, and then took up his residence in Kentucky, where he died. Their children were : 13, Elizabeth ; 14, Margaret Murray ; 15, Caroline ; and 16, William Penn, who now reside in Blair County. IV. James Patton married Elizabeth, daughter of Isaac Vandevander, March, 1832. Their children were: 17, Rebecca; 18, Annie; and 19, John, V. Joseph Patton married, first, Nancy, daughter of John Givin, Jan. 9, 1840. Their children were : 20, Ellen ; 21, John ; 22, James ; and 23, Silas. Mrs. Patton died about 1849. By a second marriage the children were : 24, William ; and 25, Joseph. Mrs. Patton (second) died about 1857, and he married again about 1863 or 1864. Mr. Patton has lived in Ohio or Kentucky for many years. VI. Benjamin F. Patton married Eliza Addleman, Jan. 23, 1836. He was for many years in the mercan tile business at Warrior's Mark, during which time he served two terms as associate judge of the county. He is now a resident of Altoona, to which city he re' moved with his family some years ago. Their chil dren are: 26, Rebecca; 27, Ettie; 28, Sarah; 29, Emma; 30, John T,; 31, George A.; 32, William; and 33, Harry. VII. Rebecca married James Campbell, of McCon nellstown, Dec. 24, 1840. Their children were: 34, Maggie, who married Dr. G. L. Robb, and resides in Huntingdon ; 35, Mollie ; and 36, Carrie. VIII. George W. Patton married, first, Mary B. Burket, June 10, 1845, who died March 28, 1856. 1 A daughter named Margaret, omitted from the above list, died un married Dec. 1, 1S23. ' Twins. HUNTINGDON BOROUGH. 441 Their children were: 37, T. Blair, postmaster at Al toona ; 38, William A., in the office of the president of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, Philadelphia ; and 39 John Howard, in the Pennsylvania Railroad office Altoona. He married, second, Emma J. Hawksworth, Dec. 19, 1861. Their children are : 40, Mary V. ; and 41, Maggie Murray. Mr. Patton was for some time one of the lessees of Union Furnace and manager at Blair Furnace, but became a citizen of Altoona before it had assumed a corporate existence. After a borough charter was obtained, Feb. 6, 1854, he was chosen the first chief burgess, and was re-elected in 1855. In 1861 he was appointed postmaster, serving eight years, and in 1870 was elected associate judge. After the expira tion of his term of office he moved to the vicinity of Philadelphia, and subsequently into the city, where he died March 7, 1882. His remains were interred in the Altoona Cemetery. The widow and daughters continue to reside in Philadelphia. Bobert MeNamara, a native of the County Down, Ireland, emigrated to America in 1801, with his wife Jane, and settled in the borough of Huntingdon . She died June 6, 1846, aged eighty-six years. They were the parents of the wife of Isaac Dorlard. Mrs. Margaret Clabaugh, who at the time of her death (March 3, 1848) was, with one exception, the oldest inhabitant in this neighborhood. At the com mencement of the Revolutionary war she was left with the care of three children, while her husband served under Washington until the close of the strug gle, when he rejoined his family. She was the mother of fourteen children, some of whom were living in Huntingdon at the time of her death, the youngest being then fifty-four years of age. Mrs. Clabaugh was in receipt of an annuity from the government for her husband's patriotic services until the day of her death, at the age of about one hundred and two years. George Black came to the borough of Hunting don in the year 1796, from Lancaster County. He married, in 1804, Catharine, daughter of Jacob Zim merman, who had moved here from Hagerstown, Md. He was a cooper, and worked at his trade until com pelled to desist by old age. He bought, about the time of his marriage, from Thomas Ker two lots on the northern side of Washington Street, below Sixth, which had thereon a small house, which he occupied until about 1817, when the dwelling in which G. Ash- man Miller now lives was erected. Mr. Black was a devoted Methodist, and a prominent and influential member of that denomination. At the time of his death, which occurred in the property above described, he had attained the age of eighty-three years. He raised a family of eight children, all sons, as follows : I. David, who married Margaret, a daughter of Ja cob Africa. Both are now living, and have passed the fiftieth anniversary of their marriage. II. Martin, deceased. His widow resides in Blairs- ville. III. John married, first, Mary Rose ; both dead ; name of second wife, now living in Clinton County, was not obtained. IV. George married a daughter of Dr. Buttrey, in Mansfield, Ohio, and is a practicing physician at Plattsmouth, Nebraska. V. Charles S., now deceased, married Miss Henri etta McCabe, who, with several .children, reside in Huntingdon. VI. Jesse died unmarried, aged about sixteen. VII. William married a daughter of Dr. Jacob Hoffman ; both are now dead. VIII. Robert Wesley, a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, married a Miss Gorsuch, of Balti more, and is located in that city. Huntingdon in the Olden Time.— The assessment of Huntingdon township, Bedford Co., for 1782 gives the names of the following persons, owners of lots and taxable live-stock. Houses. Lots. Horses. Cattle. Sheep. Isaac Worrel 13 2 2 William Watson 12 2 .. Adam Bardmesser. ..1 2 . Abraham Haines 12 .... Solomon Sills 11.. ... ('Italics Brotherline 11. 2 .. Jacob Hall 11.. 2 3 George Reynolds 113 3 5 Ludwick Sills 2 4 2 4 5 Anthony Sills 12 1 15 John Shaver 11.. Henry Ashbough 12 1 2 .. James Williams 112 2 .. John Patton Ill 1 .. Nathaniel Garard 1 13 2 3 Conrad Swank 112 2 . John Ashbough 112 2 Widow Brackenridge 112 2 .. Jacob Ginoe 12 1 1 ¦ Archibald Fletcher 12 3 4 James Armstrong 113 3 Peter Devit Ill 1 .. Jacob Rowler 11 ... Mrs. Hall 1 1 William Wilson 11 23 34 32 41 20 Huntingdon Township, 1788. — In the assessment of Huntingdon township for 1788 there were taxed in the town of Huntingdon, — Houses °^ Lots 155 Negroes * Stills * Brewery * In the whole township, — Brewery. Stills. Negroes. Servant. Mills. Tan-yards. Brady 2 1 .. 2 .. Walker 15. 31 Penn 3 West 2 .... Porter 3 » •¦ Not located .. ¦• •¦ 2 ¦• Town 14 3 1 » 1 1 15 9 1 7 2 Signed by Ludwick Sells, assessor; David Cald well, Michael Cryder, assistants. Hdntinqdon (Tows), 1788. Ashbock, John, 1 house, 1 lot. Anderson, Samuel, 1 house, 1 lot (now Mattern). Ashbock, Frederick, 2 houses, 4 lots. Ashbock, Hennery, 1 cow, 1 house, 1 lot. Brown, Buzel, 1 house, 1 cow, 1 lot. 1 Mills at McConnellstown. 442 HISTOEY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Blume, George, 1 horse, 1 cow. Burd, Benjamin, 1 tan-yard, 1 house, 2 lots. Bell, Samuel, 1 house, 1 lot. Brutherline, Charles, 1 cow, 1 house, % lot. Craffice, Peter, 3 lots. Cannon, John, 4 lots. Corts, Frederick, 1 horse, 2 cows. Dean, John, 1 horse, 1 cow, 2 houses, 4% lots. Decker, Nicholas, 2 horses, 1 cow. Dearduff, Abraham, 1 cow, 1 house, 2 lots. Dougherty, Burnard, 1 lot'. Elliot, Benjamin (80 a. deed), 4 horses, 4 cows, 2 negroes, 1 servant, 1 house, 6 lots. Evens, Mark, 1 lot. Fletcher, Archibald (150 a. Lunnon), 2 horses, 3 cows, 1 house, 2 lots. Fletter, Philip, 1 horse, 1 cow, 1 house, 3 lots. Fox, Henry, 2 lotB. Glazer, Daniel, 2 cows, 2 stills. Guttery, George, 1 horse, 1 house, 2 lots. George, Joseph, 1 house, 1 lot. Galbraith, Bobert, Esq., 1 house, 2 lots. Griffith, John, 1 lot. Hall, Jacob (deceased), 1 house, 1 lot. Humbert, Michael, 1 horse, 1 cow, 1 house, 2 lots. Haynes, Abraham, 1 cow, 1 house, 3 lots. Knave (Neff), Jacob, 1 house, 1 lot. Keller, Daniel, 1 horse, 1 cow, 1 house, 2 lots. Leard, Jacob, 2 horses, 2 cows,'2 houses, 2 lots. Leigh ty, John, 1 horse, 2 cowb, 1 house, 2 lots. Moote, John, 2 horses, 1 cow, 1 lot. McCarty, Hennery, 1 cow, 1 lot. McMurtrie, David (deceased), 2 houses, 4 lots. Musser, Christian, 1 horse, 1 cow, 2 stills, 1 house, 2 lots. McConnell, Alexander, 1 horse, 2 cows (100 a. wt.), 1 house, 8 lots. McGuire, Patrick, 1 house, 2 lots. McCinney, Samuel, 1 house, 1 lot. Priestly, Jonathan, 1 horse, 1 cow, 2 lots. Parks, James, 1 cow, 1 lot. Patton, John, 1 horse, 1 cow, 1 house, 4 lots. Patton, Robert, 1 horse, 2 lots. Potmesser, Adam, 1 horse, 1 lot. Runnald, George, 3 horses, 4 cows, 1 house, 1 lot. Kyans, William, 1 horse, 1 lot. Richard, Joshua, 1 horse, 1 cow. Ramsey, Archibald, 2 horses, 1 lot. Spencer, John, 1 lot. Swoope, Peter, 1 cow, 1 house, 3 lots. Sells, Anthony, 1 cow, 1 house, 2 lots. Stikeleather, George, 1 horse, 2 cows, 2 houses, 4 lots. Smith, Henry, 1 lot. Stevens, Peter, 1 horse, 1 cow, 1 house, 2 lots. Saxton, George, 1 horse, 1 cow. Slider, John, 2 horses, 3 cows, 1 house, 3 lots. Sells, Ludwick, 300 wt., 1 horse, 5 cows, 1 negro, 2 houses, 4 lots. Simson, John, 1 house, 2 lots. Summerville, James, 4 lots. Tipton, Shaderick, 1 horse, 1 cow, 1 houBe, 1 lot. Trazey, Thomas, 1 cow, 1 lot. Tanner, Hugh, 1 horse, 2 cows, 1 house, 4 lots. Watson, William, 200 Lunnon, 3 cows, 1 house, 1 lot. White, William, 1' horse, 1 house, 1 lot. Wilkins, Edward, 2 lots. Westoin, John, 1 house, 1 lot. Non-Residenters' Land. Brady, Adam, 2 lots Huntingdon. Smith, William, Jr., 1 lot Huntingdon. Smith, Charles, Esq., 2 lots Huntingdon. Davidson, Hugh, 1 house, 1 lot Huntingdon. Croghan, George, 428 on Stone Creek, where town stands. Single Freemen, Barris, Joseph, 1 lot. Cams, Josiah, 1 house, 1 lot. Karr, William, 1 horse, 1 house, 10 lots, Crider, Israel, 2 lots. Dwellen, Matthew, 1 horse, 1 lot. Smith, Thomas D., Esq., 1 horse, 1 lot. Evey, George, 1 lot. Foekler, George, 2 horses, 1 brewery, 2 houses, 2 lots. Henderson, Andrew, Esq., 1 horse, 1 lot. Knight, James, 1 horse, 1 house, 1 lot. McMurtrie, David. McLean, Lazarus. Ramsey, Samuel. Sexton, John. Statement of the account between William Smith D.D., and those persons who have engaged the payment of the taxes that should be yearly assessed on one thou sand acres of out-lots, as per general lease of Sept. 30 A.D. 1783, and others that have signed since, and for the year 1788 : Original Owners of Lots. Acres. Present Owner. Henry Lloyd 8% Alexander McConel. John Fee 4 Ludwick Sell 5 Ludwick Sell. Abraham Hains 17% Abraham Hains. «<-ee Weston 20 { ^nt^a? " *' Moses DoualBon 10 John Blythe. Charles Brnderline 6J^ (Charles Bruderline, 3J£ a. /4 ( Ludwig Sell, 3 a. John Asbaugh 14% Archibald Kamsay. John Patton 4*% Alexander Dean. Anthony Sell 7^ i^00! *f' ^ &/ J l Alexander Erwin, 3% a. Jacob Laird 3 Jacob Laird. Abraham Sell 4 Patrick McSherry. Conrad Swank 4 Philip Flutter. Henry Neerhoff 12 $%><":& ?bSH1.eithf • 6 "• J \ Benjamin Elliott, 6 a. ( Benjamin Elliot. Michael Cryder 40 J John Patton. (George Midseer. LudwigSell 2% Ludwig Sell. John Dean 2% John Dean or Mr. McLain. John Sexton 5 William Armstrong. Archibald Fletcher. 5^ f Arch. Fletcher ; if he gives '2 1 it up, Dr. Smith to pay. Daniel Keller 6% Daniel Keller. JohnDavis 5 John Hollingshead. James Armitage a\i Matthew Ormsbay. Bazil Browning 6>| Bazil Browning. Estate of Jacob Hall 6 Ludwick Sell. Charles Bruderline 5 f Ludwick Sell, 3 a. ( John Dean, 2 a. Hugh Tanner 5 Thomas Duncan Smith. Estate of Jacob Hall i\i :. Robert Galbraith. Archibald 1'letcher 4^ Erwin & Keer. Michael Humbart 5 Christian Musser. 5 Andrew Henderson. George Guthery and Deerdurf. 10 Willlwm Smith, D.D. William Kerr 5 William Kerr. Adam Braidon 5 Adam Braidon. Nicholas Decker. 5 George Guthery. Abraham Deerdurf 5 f George Stackleatber. ( Samuel and Arch. Ramsay. Daniel Keller 5 Daniel Keller. David Lloyd 5 Hugh Davidson. Assessed by Ludwig Sells, Assessor. Michael Cryder, Assistant. I agree to the above settlement as being according to the terms of the general lease of out-lots. William Smith. And approved by the commissioners this 23d day of August, 1788. David Stewart, John Dean, Commissioners. Early Buildings, etc.— The town outgrowing the contracted limits set in 1767, the plan was enlarged by the addition of more lots and placed upon record Nov. 14, 1795. In 1796 it was incorporated as a borough, and Benjamin Elliott was its first chief bur gess. The first courts were held at the house of Ludwig Sell, located on the south end of lot 7 in the plan of the town. It fronted on Allegheny Street, and was between what are now known as Second and Third HUNTINGDON BOEOUGH. 443 Streets. " It was a double two-story log building, kept as a tavern by Sell, and was the first public-house in the place. The room in which the courts sat, the largest in it, was at the lower or eastern end." The property was later owned by Abraham Haines, but was subsequently purchased by Thomas Fisher, who tote down the old building and erected on the oppo site end of the lot the large brick dwelling as now seen fronting on Penn Street, opposite the court house. A market-house was built before the year 1800 in Penn Street, east of Fifth, in the area called the " Dia mond." Markets were held regularly twice a week (Wednesday and Saturday) for many years, but gradually the market laws were infringed upon, and finally became practically obsolete. The market- house was removed in 1847. The pioneer mill was one built of stone by Dr. Smith about 1792, near Hill Street, above Seventh. Fisher & Sons' mill occupies its site.1 Tlie Old Residents of Huntingdon and their location. — Before the construction of the turnpike, Allegheny Street was the only outlet from the south eastern side of the borough, and hence became the principal street, and remained so for some years. Penn Street was opened eastward by the turnpike company. The following account of the location of early residents of the town was compiled from the recollections of James Simpson, who came to Hunt ingdon in 1793, when he was twelve years old, and died in 1851 ; Daniel Africa, born here in 1794, and died in December, 1865 ; Peter Swoope, born here in 1799, and died a few years ago; and David Black, born here, and yet a citizen of the borough ; and from, a written statement prepared by Jacob Miller in 1861 at the request of the writer. Mr. Miller said, " My father removed from York to this place in a four-horse wagon the last of April, 1791. The roads were narrow, just a wagon-track ; in some places we had to drive into the river. The first Standing Stone, broken, had stood near to or just below George Thomas' [No. 208-210 Allegheny Street]. The last stood in the centre of Smith [now Third] Street, south side of Hill [now Penn] Street, in front of the old court house, and had a number of names of officers and soldiers from York and other places, who had been here to protect the citizens from the savages. There were some trees in the streets and a great many stumps. The most of the houses were east of Bath Street." Allegheny Street, South Side. Charles Brotherline, Sr. ' Alexander Dean kept a public-house at the south east corner of Second Street. He had a brother John and a son (Alexander?), who became a physi- 1 The flrst grist-mill in this vicinity was Michael Cryder's, on the west "ids of the Juniata, above the upper end of the borough, built in 1773 or «K>n after. cian, and left Huntingdon more than fifty years ago. The buildings were used for an academy. The brick kitchen alone now remains of what was once " the hotel" of the town. Christopher Sites, Ashbaugh. Andrew Henderson owned the ground from Third Street eastward to the water-station, and built the large three-story brick house at the corner of Third Street, and resided therein until his death. Richard Smith commenced the three- story brick on the southwestern corner, intended to rival Hender son's. Both were constructed upon the same plan, but Smith was unable to complete his. It was used for a hotel, and occupied as such by Walter Clarke, Henzey, Irwin Horrell, Thomas Wallace, An drew Johnston, John S. Miller, and many others as " mine hosts." It was known in its earlier days as the Washington Hotel, and latterly as the Exchange. Christian Colstock lived at No. 312. Afterwards Chrjstopher Sauer built and occupied the brick house now standing. The basement was used as a distillery. He and his wife died many years ago, and are interred in the Huntingdon Cemetery. George Stightleather occupied Nos. 320 and 322, and was succeeded by Philip Shultz, well known to the old people as " Uncle Philip," who carried on a dis tillery. • ¦ Metz kept a hotel on the next property ; Adam Eckaberger, Jacob Weidner, and Jacob Laird lived in or near this property. At a later day it passed into the possession of William Jackson, who kept a hotel as long as he lived, and after his death it was continued by his family. It was the sign of the " Eagle." The Girard House is a part of .the same property. Thomas Whittaker lived on the southwestern corner of Fourth Street. His grandson John opened the " Sorrel Horse" Hotel here in 1817, and continued its landlord for about forty years. He married a Miss Grove, and here reared a large fam ily. He sold the property to the Huntingdon and Broad Top Railroad Company, and it was used as a station until destroyed by fire. He moved to 227 Mifflin Street, and died there at an advanced age. Peter Newman resides on the same block, also Charles Raymond and Christian Peightal, but at a later date. John Davis, farther west, carried on hatting. His son James died here, and John carried on the busi ness for some time after the completion of the canal, and then moved to Hollidaysburg. One daughter died here, another married but subsequently moved away. William Woods, a weaver, had his home on the southeast corner of Fifth Street. His daughter Jane and her widowed sister, Mrs. Daniel Glazier, still re side in the borough. David, one of his sons, died Sept. 9, 1846, aged thirty-five years. Alexander Gwin built and occupied a brick resi dence on the opposite side of Fifth Street. 444 HISTOEY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Henry Wildebrand, a brewer, owned a log house on the next lot. He moved to Alexandria, where he built a brewery, and was afterward drowned. Daniel Cryder was the next neighbor. Before the making of the canal he was a transporter of produce, etc., by the river, and was the owner of one or two keel-boats. One of his buildings was used for the storage of grain and other freight. He was suc ceeded by Joseph Stewart, who carried on a dis tillery. George Fockler had a brewery on the next lot. Henry Miller, a brother of Jacob, had a tan-yard next above. Allegheny Street, North Side. Benjamin Elliott's residence was on the northwest corner of Second Street. His next neighbor was Lockhart. Ludwick Sells kept a tavern at Nos. 218 and 220. The property was afterwards owned by Abraham Haines. Here he and his wife Susanna lived and died. Benjamin Elliott married their daughter Susan, March 28, 1805. After the death of her husband Mrs. Haines taught a school. Daniel Glazier and John Moyers lived on this block. William R. Smith built and occupied the store house at the northeast corner of Third Street. John Cadwallader occupied the house that stood at Nos. 305 and 307. Here Michael Duffey printed the Courier in 1797. It was afterward occupied by David Snyder, hatter, for many years, and after his death by his son-in-law, John W. Mattern, until it was destroyed by fire. Mr. Snyder married a daugh ter of Lawrence Shultz, who lived on the next lot, Nos. 309 and 311. Mrs. Shultz owned one of the two copper kettles in town large enough to boil a barrel of cider, and she loaned it at the rental of a "levy a boiling." These were the parents of Philip Shultz. All are buried in the cemetery here. Ridenour had a pottery at Nos. 313 and 315. Daniel Duden, a locksmith, was located at Nos. 317 and 319, in a log house. He taught a German school and held various official positions in the borough government. He had sons named Jacob, David, and John, and one or two daughters. Michael Africa lived at Nos. 321 and 323. He pur chased the property in 1791. The old end of his house, long since removed, a view of which ap pears herewith, was built during or before the Revo lution. He carried on the j oint occupations of dye ing and brick-making, the former chiefly in the winter and the latter when the weather permitted out-door operations. This property is now owned by his grandson. Andrew Henderson lived in the " yellow house " at Nos. 325 and 327, until he built at the corner of Third Street, when he was succeeded by Robert Al lison. Caspar Snare had a blacksmith-shop on the north west corner of Fourth Street, and his dwelling at No. 407. He died June 9, 1846, aged seventy-eight years. Jacob Africa's dwelling was at No. 409, and his shoemaker-shop at 411. Pridmore and Lane lived in the house, yet standing at 421 and 423. THE OLDEST HOUSE IN HUNTINGDON. Frederick Kurtz lived, probably, at No. 509. A daughter married David Newingham, silversmith and merchant, and another daughter, " Aunt Kitty," died a few years ago at a very advanced age. John Light, Robert Simpson, and William and Thomas Ker lived in this neighborhood. George Fockler lived next above the Newingham lot, at Nos. 513 and 515. He had several sons ; among them were Jacob, who married a daughter of John Whittaker, Sr., and about 1854 moved to Saxton, Bedford Co., of which town he was one of the pro prietors, and where some of his children reside; Henry, now living in Dubuque, Iowa; John, who died in one of the Western States ; Adam, who died at Johnstown ; and Benjamin, who died here. A daughter married James Saxton. William Wilson, a surveyor in active practice from about 1800 until 1821, lived at the northeast corner of Sixth Street. Peter Hoffman lived farthest west. Penn Street, South Side. Rev. John Johnston lived on the southeast corner of Second. Pastor of the Presbyterian Church and teacher of a Latin school. Of his sons, Alexander and Thomas became physicians, Andrew a cabinet- HUNTINGDON BOROUGH. 445 maker, and John spent many years in the regular army. A daughter, Margaret, died unmarried. An drew, who served for some years as a justice of the peace, retains a part of the homestead property. Richard Smith and William Goldsborough liti gated about the title to the stone house property on the west side of Third Street. It was afterwards oc cupied for many years by David R. Porter, up until the time he moved his family to Harrisburg, after assuming the duties of Governor, to which office "he had been elected in October, 1838. David Snyder's hat manufactory stood on No. 306. It was converted into a dwelling-house, and is now occupied by his son-in-law, John W. Mattern. Bidenour's house, No. 312, is now occupied by W. M. Jackson, M.D. David McMurtrie, southeast corner of Fourth Street. This ground, prior to the erection of the present brick house, was occupied by a frame build ing, in the lower story of which Mrs. McFarland sold cakes and beer, and on the second floor a Mr. Kemp had a cabinet-maker's shop. David McMur trie the elder married Martha, daughter of Benjamin Elliott, Oct. 2, 1795. They reared a large family of sons and daughters, of whom David and William E., the former residing in the old mansion and the latter on another portion of the property, and one sister, Mrs. James A. McCahan, of Blair County, only sur vive. Alexander McConnell dwelt and carried on a store in the brick house on the southwest corner of Fourth Street. He married Judith Lloyd. Of his sons, the names of Alexander, Henry L., and John are re membered. Daughters married respectively Dr. James Coffey and Thomas White. Patrick Gwin built the brick house No. 406. Joseph Henderson, father of James Henderson^ once sheriff of the county, owned Nos. 412 and 414. He at one time taught school in the second story. Samuel Steel kept a store and tavern at Nos. 416 and 418. He was one of the early postmasters. His son George A. many years afterwards occupied the same position. Of his daughters, Margaret married Rev. David Blair, Dec. 28, 1820, and Elizabeth, John Williamson, July 11, 1822. John McCahan occupied Nos. 420 and 422 as a dwelling and printing-office for the Gazette. James Saxton owned Nos. 424 and 426. He carried on the business of nail-making. The forms were cut from strap-iron forged to the proper thickness, and then passed through a heading-machine. Of his sons, John and Joshua became printers, and conducted newspapers in Canton and Urbana, Ohio ; Joseph, at the time of his death a few years ago, occupied a prominent position in the United States Coast Survey ; James was a merchant and coal operator; and Wil liam A. is now connected with the Coast Survey De partment. Daughters married Christian Peightal and ¦ Barry. Mr. Saxton was one of the early promo ters of the Methodist Church. In his house the first Quarterly Meetings were held before the year 1800. Patrick Gwin built and occupied for many years as a hotel the building on the southeast corner of Fifth Street. It was called the Cross Keys. When Christian Couts became the landlord the sign was the coat of arms of Pennsylvania. It is now called the Franklin House, a name that it has borne for at least a score of years. Robert Campbell owned a one-story brick house, used as a store, that stood on the southwest corner of Sixth Street. James Gwin purchased the ground and erected the house now occupied by his son David P. Samuel Hemphill, saddler, owned and occupied the house that stood on Nos. 504 and 506. David Snare subsequently became the owner and resided in the western end, and the eastern end was used as the post-office during his term, from 1841 until 1845. Under his administration the box system was intro duced. About sixty boxes met the wants of the people of the town in those times. David Newingham, silversmith, merchant, and jus tice of the peace, occupied Nos. 508 and 510. At the latter number his dwelling is yet standing, and is owned and occupied by Thomas Carmon. Some of the families of the borough yet possess articles of silver ware made by Mr. Newingham, which bear his stamp, " D. N." Andrew White, a shoemaker, owned the lot Nos. 516 and 518. Isaac Dorland afterward bought the lot and built thereon the house now standing, in which he kept the post-office for' many years prior to the expiration of his term in 1841. Mr. Dorland was a school-teacher in his earlier years. He opened the first book-store in the borough. Mrs. Eliza Hildebrand owns the lot Nos. 524 and 526, that was once the property of John Keim. The dwelling was built about 1820. The eastern end, oc cupied as the office of the Local News, was erected only a few years ago. John Smart owned Nos. 528 and 530. He was a cabinet-maker, and served as a justice of the peace. A son named John became a United Presbyterian minister. The western end of the house was built before 1812. Mrs. Smart had a millinery-store here. Beatty's tavern was on the southwest corner of Penn and Sixth Streets. John McCahan became the owner, and the buildings were used as dwelling-houses until removed to give place to the present building, which was erected for and used for many years as a Presbyterian Church, but now owned by J. C. Blair, and occupied as a manufacturing stationery establish ment. John Miller owned from Nos. 608 to 614, and from the last number to Seventh Street the lots were occu pied by two tanneries, owned respectively by Mr. Miller and James Elliott. 446 HISTOEY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Penn Street, North Side. John Simpson, blacksmith, purchased from Abra ham Haines, and moved in 1793 to the lots Nos. 201 to 207. His dwelling was on the corner of Second Street, and his shop on the ground now occupied by the residence of Theo. H. Cremer. John Cadwallader's home stood upon the court house lots. He died in 1807 ; his wife, Catharine, survived him more than thirty years. They had three children, — Mitchener, a printer ; Proctor, a physi cian ; and a daughter, Anna Maria, who married John Fockler. Arthur Chambers owned Nos. 229 to 235, and re sided thereon. He was a surveyor and school-teacher, and left Huntingdon about 1804 to go to Oil Creek to gather oil floating on the surface of the stream, which was bottled and sold as a medicine under the name of " Seneca Oil." The property afterwards was owned by Dr. John Henderson, who erected thereon the brick house now owned by the Jackson family. Elizabeth Parkinson lived in a house that stood on the northwest corner of Third Street. It was stated by some of the pioneer settlers that the first building erected in this town for religious purposes was by the Catholic citizens, and that it stood upon this ground. The brick residence now standing was erected by Wil liam Orbison, father of the present owner, more than half a century ago. Hugh Tanner and his wife, Margaret, owned and lived at Nos. 309 and 311. The old log house was removed and a brick one erected by John Read, the present owner. Frederick Rothrock was the next neighbor at Nos. 313 and 315. William Steel owned Nos. 317 and 319, and here kept the Gen. Wayne hotel. The room at the west ern end was used as a store-room^ Esquire Swoope stated that Samuel Steel kept the post-office here until it was removed to the southeastern corner of the Diamond. John Dean lived at Nos. 321 and 323. Peter Swoope owned Nos. 325 to 331. He carried on hatting, and afterward opened a store. He became an active and influential citizen and acquired a large estate, and at the time of his death, about 1839, was considered to be the wealthiest citizen of the borough. In the days of river navigation he Owned two keel- boats that made regular trips. John McConnell kept the " Black Bear" Hotel, on the northeast corner of Fourth Street. He married, Dec. 5, 1797, Jane Armitage. One of their daughters, Mrs. David McMurtrie, is a resident of the borough. During the Washingtonian temperance excitement, twoscore years ago, Mr. McConnell abandoned the bar, took down the " Black Bear," and erected in its place the sign of " Temperance House." William Dorris built the brick house at the north west corner of Fourth Street, now occupied by his son, Col. William Dorris. Dr. John Chester lived at Nos. 405 and 407. The property was purchased by Martin Graffius, who opened the first tinner's shop in the town, and in structed many young men in the art and mysterv of that trade. He was followed in the business at the same place by his sons, Samuel and Benjamin, and the latter by George Walker until a few years ago. Henry Miller, and after his death his son Jacob lived and conducted a store at Nos. 409 and 411. Matthew Simpson, and after him his son William (once sheriff of the county), owned the property on the northeast corner of the Diamond, extending toward and probably adjoining Henry Miller's, and kept a hotel. • Thomas King built the brick house No. 425. It afterward became the property of Samuel Steel, who resided there until the time of his death. John Miller built the brick house at the northeast corner of Fifth Street, where John Dorland had once resided. Anthony Litzinger occupied a log house on the northwest corner of Fifth Street. It was removed, and the present stone house erected by Van Tries and Renner, about 1813 or 1814, in which they kept a store. It was purchased by Jacob Miller, who con tinued the store for a number of years, the firm-name at one time being Jacob & Benjamin Miller. Mr. Miller was a well-known citizen, and held many po sitions of trust, the duties of all of which were faith fully discharged. He married, Aug. 20, 1811, Har riet, daughter of Benjamin Elliott. Their three sons, B. Elliott, Henry W., and G. Ashman, each became heads of families, and now reside in the borough. John McNamara resided and kept a store on the lot Nos. 505 and 507. Alexander Moore and Abra ham Deardorff resided in this neighborhood, but their residences cannot be located. Peter Stevens lived at Nos. 509 and 511. The old building was used by him or some other occupant as a tavern. Dr. Burrell lived and had a drug-store at Nos. 513 and 515. Jacob Lichtenthaler, a rope-maker, had his home on lot Nos. 517 and 519. His shed and rope-walk were outside the borough limits. John Keim built the brick house Nos. 521 and 523, and exchanged it with Robert Allison for property in Ohio, whither he removed more than sixty years ago. Mr. Allison occupied the house until his death, and his widow continued to occupy it during her lifetime. Thomas Ker, for a long time a justice of the peace, occupied the house on the northeast corner of Sixth Street. He and his wife died there. John Yocum owned Nos. 601 to 607, and carried on blacksmithing. One of his appliances was a horse power tilt-hammer for heavy forging. Mr. Yocum was the ancestor of the families of that name in Walker and Juniata townships. He died April 21, 1847, aged eighty-eight years. HUNTINGDON BOROUGH. 447 John McNutt was the next neighbor. John Blair lived at Nqs. 617 and 619. Subsequent occupants were Dr. Lambert and Dr. James Coffey. Henry Dopp occupied the house at the northeast corner of Seventh Street as a tavern. The sign had five stars on it. Washington Street, North Side. Abraham Levy, " a redemptioner," who worked for Judge Elliot to pay his passage-money from Europe to this country, lived first at No. 211, then the only house on the entire block. • He afterwards lived on Penn Street, at Nos. 209 and 211, and carried on boot and shoemaking on an extensive scale for the times in which he lived. John Glazier lived west of Third Street, probably at No. 307. He owned two lots, and carried on an earthenware pottery. Among his graduates was Nich olas Cresswell, who became a prominent citizen of Alexandria. Mr. Glazier lived to an advanced age, and was succeeded in the business long before his death by his son Henry, who introduced the manu facture of stoneware. John McCabe, a carpenter and builder, lived at No. 313. Of his children, Mrs. Black, widow of Charles S. Black, and Mrs. A. H. Bumbaugh are. residents of the borough. George Mong owned the house on the northeast corner of Fourth Street. Adam Startsman (now written Sturtsman) lived on the northwest corner of Fifth Street. He was suc ceeded by Christian Colstock, whose only surviving son, Christian, yet resides there. John McKennan lived in a house that stood on the lot Nos. 513 and 515, which was destroyed by fire more than forty years ago, when occupied by Levi Westbrook, father of John H., the present owner. He was born in Ireland, and came to Huntingdon before the year 1800, and engaged in the business of teaching. Among his scholars, James Simpson, James Gwin, Daniel Africa, and James Steel are now re membered. He married a sister of John McCahan, and assisted him in starting the Gazette. George Black lived for many years, up to the time of his death, in the house No. 517. Mifflin Street, North Side. Samuel Ramsey occupied the house, yet standing, at No. 215. Here, after his death, his widow, Eleanor, a daughter of James Foley, taught a school for some years. Alexander King dwelt in a house, recently removed, at No. 231. He was a Revolutionary soldier, and car ried on the tailoring business. He is represented by numerous descendants in the borough, and in Bedford County. Dr. Bergman lived on the lots Nos. 321-327, and was succeeded by Dr. Jacob Hoffman, whose house was burned about 1845. On the site of the old build ings he erected the brick ones now standing. The Kurtz family resided on the northeast corner of Fourth Street. John Morrison lived near the centre of the next block, probably at No. 415. Charles Brotheriine owned from the northwest cor ner of Fifth Street to and including No. 507, where the house he occupied yet stands. He was a butcher, and had a stall in the old market-house. He raised a large family of daughters ; three — Margaret, Sally, and Susan — died unmarried. The others married as follows : Eliza, Thomas McMillan, and moved to Hol lidaysburg ; Rebecca, Matthews, of Lewistown ; Letitia, John Snyder; and Emily, James Saxton. The only son, David, is in the asylum at Harrisburg. Catharine, Charles' wife, died April 22, 1847, aged seventy-four years. Jacob Africa, a brother of Michael, who lived on Allegheny above Third Street, came to Huntingdon before the year 1800, and lived at No. 527. His sons were John, Jacob, born in York County, died May 8, 1849, aged fifty-five years ; David, Samuel, Daniel, and Henry, and daughters, Catharine, Elizabeth, and Margaret. The latter is the wife of David Black. Mark Law, Thomas Murphy, and Alexander Don aldson lived on the block west of Sixth Street. Mr. Murphy was the father of James Murphy, a much- respected citizen of Petersburg. General Elections, 1795 and 1882.— The accom panying tables of the votes cast at the general election of 1795 and that of 1882 will serve to show the great increase in the voting population and in the number of election precincts during the intervening eighty-seven years. In 1795, Huntingdon County included nearly all of Blair, a part of Centre, all of Clearfield north west from the Moshannon to the Susquehanna, and a large part of Cambria. VOTE OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, OCTOBER, 1795. Assembly. First District, David McMurtrie, 358 ; Richard Smith, 39. Second District, David McMurtrie, 27 ; Eichard Smith, 66. Third District, David McMurtrie, 100 ; Richard Smith, 2. Fourth District, David McMurtrie, 100 ; Richard Smith, 9. David McMurtrie 575 Richard Smith 106 Total votes 681 Commissioners. First District, John Cadwallader, 205 ; Thomas Morrow, 185 ; James Summerville, 6. Second District, John Cadwallader, 1; Thomas Morrow, 25; James Summerville, 36. Third District, John Cadwallader, 51 ; Thomas Morrow, 48 ; James Summerville, 1 : John Morgan, 11. Fourth District, John Cadwallader, 9 ; Thomas Morrow, 92; James Summerville, 7 ; John Morgan, 1. Thomas Morrow 350 John Cadwallader 266 James Summerville 50 John Morgan 12 Total voteB 678 VOTE OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, NOV. 7, 1882. 00 DISTRICTS. Barree Birmingham Brady Broad Top City Carbon. Cass Clay Coalmont Cromwell Dublin Dudley Franklin Henderson Hopewell Huntingdon, 1st W-. " 2d W.. " 3d W.. " 4th W. Jackson Juniata Lincoln Logan Mapleton Marklesburg Miller Morris Mt. Union borough.. " district.... Oneida Orbisonia Penn Porter Saltillo Shade Gap Shirley Springfield Spruce Creek Tell Three Springs Tod Union Walker Warrior's Mark West Governor. 23 345421 34 109 46 4 98 51 6 75 372674 104 104 54 03 44446086 12 242854 41 17 9850 154 2616818730 44 17707544 168 48 8713 832977 43 68 4 US 70 327175 14 111 120103 85 110 32 15 104 1919 46 486235186364 88 23 12 121 23 65 124 21293548 7273 Lieutenant- Governor. 213455 2135 110 45 4 98 60 4 7414 26 70 104102 5490 43 44 5962 10242956 411698 46 156 26 16 8487314117 6875 43 164 44 84 138428 78 43 68 4 119 71 32708015 112 117104 82 109 34 15 109 192048 48 Secretary In ternal Affairs. 16 32 14 1 13 5 766 257S 374 2045 564 Supreme Judge, 121 713171 76 16 114119 101 86 115 3315 105 19 14] 19 18 46 10 48 26 62 7 37 27, 17 10 65 congressman-at- Large. 43 118 35 j 105 20 85 36 114 Congress. 84137937 84 34 67 4 99 791 67 3769 68 14 105 98 92' 89 80 80 110 110 33 32 Directors of the Poob. Jury Commissioner. 408 2367 903 851370 28 76 37 65 7 117 713071 62 15 103102105 79 112 3211 101 19 14 4558 60 361452 60 8523 12 118 2156 122 19 2 6 30 19 48 16 70 CO H OfedK O d 53Ht—i53o o 53ood 53H ts 53 53 GO Kltr-i53 HUNTINGDON BOROUGH. 449 Huntingdon County Pluralities.— The plu ralities of candidates in this county are as follows : Pattison, for Governor 139 Black, for Lieutenant-Governor 187 Africa, for Secretary of Internal Affairs 1087 Clark, for Supreme Judge 190 Elliott, for Congressman at Large 124 Atkinson, for Congress 589 Myton, for Assembly, over Brown 127 Adnms, for Assembly, over Dewees 345 Haffly, for Director of Poor 128 Stewart, Independent Republican, had votes 758 Armstrong, Greenback 373 Pettit, Prohibitionist 6 Incorporation. — Huntingdon was incorporated as a borough by legislative enactment bearing date March 29, 1796, which defined its boundaries as fol lows: "Beginning at a large stone corner placed on the bank of the river Jnniatn, nt or near the entrance of a fording-place, and at the distance of two hundred feet, on a course south sixty-six degrees east from the east side of St. Clair l Street; thence north twenty-four degrees east one hun dred and nine perches and seven-tenths of a perch to a stone; thence north 6ixty-six degrees west one hundred aud fifty-seven perches to a stone ; thence south twenty-four degrees west, including Charles 2 Street one hundred and ten perches, or thereabouts, to the river Juniata, thence down the same on the northerly bank or side to the place of be ginning; being the boundary of the said town of Huntingdon, on record is the office for recording of deeds in and for the said county of Hun tingdon." A supplement to the above-mentioned act, approved March 27, 1855, extended the limits of the borough. It included what is now known as West Huntingdon and some lands on both sides of Standing Stone Creek, with the boundary lines described as follows : "Beginning at the Juniata River, where the hickery corner between George Croghnn'B aud William Logan's survey stood ; thence by the line between said surveys to William McMurtrie's corner; thence by this line to Standing Stone Creek ; thence up the eastern side thereof, at low water mark, to a point opposite the northeastern corner of .William Or- bison's out-lot; thence by John Simpson's line, across said creek, by William Orbison's out-lot, the Standing Stone Creek road, and Hartley and Kmitz's lot to said Simpson's corner, on the western line of the Smith Burvey; thence by the line between John McCahan's laud and lots of said Hartley and Kautz, George Jackson, and Daniel Africa to Armstrong Willougbby's corner, in Annie Figart's hollow ; thence up said hollow, including said Willougbby's land, to the extended eastern line of Bath Street3 of said borough; thence down said line to the old boun dary line of said borough, and along the same to the centre of the Warm Springs road; thence up the centre of said road to the northern line of the Asher Clayton survey ; thence by the same to where a hickory corner stood; thence by the line between the Renner farm and land of Hon. George Taylor to the Juniata River; thence down the same at low- water mark to the place of beginning." Another change occurred Aug. 14, 1874, when, by an ordinance of the burgesses and Town Council, a portion of Oneida township lying north and northwest of the borough was annexed to Huntingdon. The boundaries as fixed by the ordinance are therein de scribed as follows : "Beginning at the corner between said borough and township, at the northern angle of a lot formerly occupied by Hartley aud Kautz, now owned by Johu H. Glazier; thence in a direct line, passing the south east corner of a lot on which Robert Drennan resides, to a point on land of William P. Orbison, Esq., where the northwestern boundary line of said borough, if extended, would intersect said lino; and thence weatwardly along the last-mentioned line to the corner between land of Hon. George Taylor, deceased, and James Cozzens ; and thence by the 1 Now Second Street. 29 2 Now Seventh Street. > Now Fifth Street. lino between said Taylor and Cozzens, and by an extension thereof, to the Juniata River; thence down the said river to the present line be tween said borough and township ; and thence along the same to place of beginning." pyBBHJmUUijjj, "Bnmmmss*** The charter provided for the annual election of officers of the corporation, and remained unchanged until 1855, when the borough was, by a supplement to the original charter, approved March 27th, " erected into a separate election district, and a separate district for the assessment of county rates and levies," en tirely disconnected from Henderson township in such matters. The election of a town clerk by the people was repealed, and it was provided that the burgesses and Town Council, at their first meeting an nually, should elect a competent secretary and a treasurer. A further supplement (approved March 30, 1858) provided for the election of three burgesses and nine members of Council, who were to draw lots for one, two, and three years' service, and that annu ally thereafter one burgess and three councilmen should be elected to serve for the term of three years, the last year of the term of any burgess he to " be come and perform the duties of chief burgess," so that each burgess, in turn, serves as the chief officer of the borough. Although regulators and street supervisors were es tablished by an ordinance passed Nov. 10, 1800, the present system of street regulation was not inaugu rated until 1853, in which year the regulators (Jacob Miller, David Black, and J. Simpson Africa) made a survey of the built portion of the borough,4 adapting the original plan as near as could be done to the per manent buildings, and placed stone corners in the streets. The council-house was erected in 1869, on Wash ington, west of Fifth Street. In 1872 the town-clock was completed. In 1871 (March 3d) an ordinance was passed changing the names of the north and south streets of the original town, and east and west streets of the new town ; so that St. Clair became Second ; Smith, Third; Montgomery, Fourth ; Bath, Fifth; Franklin, Sixth; Charles, Seventh; Fulton, Eighth; Chestnut, Ninth; Walnut, Tenth; Spruce, Eleventh; Pine, * This survey showed that the six squares from the eastern side of the old borough to nnd including "Charles" Street, on original plan, was 2690 feet, but as established in 1853 it was made 2611 feet 6% inches. 450 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Twelfth ; Locust, Thirteenth ; Cypress, Fourteenth ; Anderson, Fifteenth ; Grant, Sixteenth ; Scott, Sev enteenth ; Lincoln, Eighteenth ; and Jackson became Nineteenth Street. By the same ordinance the name of Standing Stone Creek Ridge road was changed to First Street, the Standing Stone Creek road to Stand ing Stone Avenue, the Warm Springs road to Warm Springs Avenue, and the towing-path of the Penn sylvania Canal was given the name of Canal Avenue! The name of Dorland Street was also changed, to be " hereafter designated Oneida Street." The road ex tending southeastward from Second Street was chris tened Hill Street. The name of this street was after wards changed by ordinance to " Penn." In pursuance of an ordinance passed March 3, 1871, the decimal system for numbering the houses and grounds of the borough was adopted. Each space of twenty-five feet constitutes a number, and one hun- CHIBF BURGESSES. 1796, Benjamin Elliott; 1797-98, no record; 1799, John Blair' 1800 Richard Smith; 1801-2, John Miller; 1803-7, Andrew Henderson ¦' 1808, William Steel; 1809-10, Andrew Henderson; 1811-14, James Saxton ; 1815, Robert Allison ; 1816, William R. Smith ; 1817 Rob ert Allison; 1818, Peter Swoope; 1819, Robert Allison ; 1820, Benja min R. Stevens ; 1821-24, Robert Allison ; 1825, Henry Miller ¦ 1826 Rohert Allison; 1827, Benjamin R. Stevens; 1828, James Coffey 1829, Jacob Miller; 1830, Robert Allison ; 1831, James M.Bell; 1832' William Williams; 1833, Jacob Miller; 1834, Peter Swoope, Jr.- 1835, John Hildebrand ; 1836, John Whittaker, Jr.; 1837-38, James Gwin , 1839, Christian Couts; 1840, John Glazier; 1841, Thomas P. I Campbell; 1842, David Snyder: 1843, James Saxton, Jr.; 1844,Jacob Hoffman; 1845, Thomas Fisher; 1846, William Dorris, Jr.; 1847 John Bumbaugh, Sr.; 1848, Abner Isenhour; 1849, William Roth- rock; 1850, Abraham McCoy; 1851, John Flenner; 1852, Edward C. Summers; 1853, Thomas P. Campbell; 1854, John 0. Murray 1855, Theodore H. Cremer; 1856, Abraham McCoy; 1857,' John Simpson; 1858, John Whittaker; 1859, James Gwin; 1860, Daniel Africa ; 1861, A. Willoughby ; 1862, A. W. Benedict ; l£6:i, Edmund Snare; 1864, Graffus Miller; 1865, Samuel T.Brown; 1866, James ; Saxton; 1867, Edward C. Summers; 1868, Henry Glazier; 1869, Graffus Miller; 1870, Alexander Elliott; 1871, J. Simpson Africa; A ;:,y ¦¦/AvWW^ksjssf ^fe.J&fW^^ '.fJtC^OU UCph'i: f-tke isij-ff of /'etf"n$ylyania7attlie.-3or$ugkffi$a£it itneiBurgessei^tlMt\Ti.- Si ..'•"'?« .$>-¦*¦ ¦¦.¦'¦'.>.- 1 in -. jv..:&-t :iiii1£iC^»jiii-i SHINPLASTER OF THE BOROUGH OF HUNTINGDON. dred numbers are allotted to each square, commencing at the southeastern boundary and running northwest, and from the Juniata River northeast and east. The streets running parallel with the river are named Allegheny, Penn, Washington, Mifflin, Church, Moore, and Oneida. Those crossing these at right angles are named (commencing near the mouth of Standing Stone Creek) First, Second, Third, Fourth, and so on up to Nineteenth. Standing Stone Avenue runs northeasterly and parallel with the creek of the same name, intersecting Church Street a little east of Second Street. The borough is divided into four wards. The First Ward extends from the eastern boundary to Fourth Street; the Second Ward from Fourth to Seventh Streets; the Third Ward from Seventh to Eleventh Streets ; and the Fourth Ward from Elev enth Street to the corporation line, above Nineteenth Street. 1872, John 0. Murray ; 1873, James H. Boring ; 1874, Richard Laug- don ; 1875, Horatio G. Fisher; 1876, William Dorris ; 1877, K. Allen Lovell; 1878, N. B. Corbin; 1879, David P. Gwin; 1880, William Lewis ; 1881, David Blair; 1882, Philip Brown. TOWN CLERKS. 1799, JameB Nesbit; 1800, Robert Hunter ; 1 801-2, James Kedio ; 1803, ¦ ; 1804-5, John McKenuan; 1806, Joseph Henderson ; 1807- 10, John McKennan; 1811-17, Jacob Miller; 1818, Henry Miller; 1819-27, Isaac Dorland; 1828-29, Christian Peightal; 1830, Isaac Dorland; 1831, John Mitchell; 1832-34, Alexander Gwin ; 1835-40, Tho. P. Campbell; 1841, George Taylor; 1842, Dennis Buoy; 1843- 44, Tho. P. Campbell ; 1845, Isaac Dorland ; 1846-51, Johu Albright ; 1862-54, Samuel S. Smith. SECRETARIES. 1855, William I. Steel; 1856-62, J. Simpson Africa; 1863, P. M. Lytle; 1864, Peter C. Swoope ; 1 K65-66, ¦ ; 1867, R. McMurtrie ; 1808, J. Simpson Africa; 1869-71, J.Wilson Greenland; 1872, Oliver B. McNeil ; 1873-74, Richard Langdon, Jr, ; 1875-77, George W. San derson ; 1878-S2, James R. Patton. Baptist Church at Huntingdon.— Previous to the constitution of this church, the town of Huntingdon was included in the somewhat extended field of nus- HUNTINGDON BOROUGH. 451 sionary operations which had been traversed by Eevs. Richard Proudfoot, David Williams, Thomas E. Thomas, and other self-devoted pioneers in the cause of Bible truth, embracing Mill Creek, Raystown Branch, McConnellstown, and the country lying con tiguous, over which a very limited and widely-scat tered membership was then to be found. Of the early labors of these humble and self-sacrificing followers of the Master and exponents of the truth as handed down from the days of the apostles for our guidance in spiritual things, little is known. The difficulty in obtaining a place of worship, and the prejudices in the minds of the people were, no doubt, some of the then existing barriers which interposed to prevent the preaching of the word, and which rendered it more difficult here than in the rural districts, where those who were willing to receive the truth in its simplicity could be more readily gathered together. Be that as it may, we have no record of any regular services being held in Huntingdon, or of any material foothold having been gained by the denomination earlier than during the labors of Rev. William M. Jones, who when quite a young man, just entering the ministry, came here from New York and com menced to hold a series of meetings at what was known as the Old Baptist Church at Mill Creek, some six miles' from this place, which was then the nearest point of Baptist sentiment, and from which it appears most of the constituent members procured their let ters of dismission for the purpose of organizing the church here. The church was constituted Aug. 30, 1842. A pre paratory meeting was held on the 27th of August, at the house of Rev. William M. Jones, at which the follow ing members were in attendance : Brethren William M. Jones, William L. Snyder, Daniel Sankey, and Thomas Oi Massey, and Sisters Rebecca Douglas's, Ann Snyder, Elizabeth Best, and Nancy Hight. At this meeting the articles of faith of the New Hampshire State Con vention, together with three other articles on the rights of man, temperance, and benevolent efforts, and the church covenant were read and adopted, William L. Snyder acting as moderator, and Thomas C. Massey as clerk. Of the regular meetings of the council to organ ize the church, there does not appear to have been any particular minute preserved further than the names of the ministers present, and also of the constituent mem bers, which were as follows : Ministers, Rev. George I. Miles, Rev. William B. Bingham, Rev. William M. Jones, Rev. David Williams ; constituent members, Elizabeth Best, Margaret A. Campbell, Percy Doug lass, Thomas Douglass, Mary Ann Douglass, Joseph Douglass, Isabella Douglass, Nancy Hight, Camilia Hight, Sarah Hight, Rebecca Douglass, David Doug lass, Mary Enyeart, Thomas C. Massey, Abraham Megahan, Sarah Megahan, Elizabeth Ridenour, Mar garet Ridenour, William L. Snyder, Ann Snyder, Dan iel Sankey, Julia Ann Sankey, Isabella Vandevender, Peter Wimer, John Yocum, and Jane Yocum. The meeting of the council was held in the old court-house, which then stood on Third Street below Penn, and which, though rapidly falling into dilapi dation, was the only available place of worship at that time. This building was used and occupied by the denomination as a place of religious worship for some four or five years after the constitution of the church, when its removal was decided upon by the borough authorities. Soon after the constitution of the church in 1842, Rev. William M. Jones was installed as pastor, and continued his labors with the church till the close of the year 1843, John Yocum and Thomas Douglass having been elected and serving as deacons, and Thomas C. Massey as church clerk. In 1843 the church was received into the Centre Baptist Association, and in the year following Rev. W. T. Bunker, then a young man just entering the ministry, received and accepted a call as pastor of the church, a relation which he sustained until the close of 1846. His labors during that time seem to have been signally blessed, the number of baptisms being reported at fifty-five, and the total membership at the close of his ministry at one hundred and three. During the year 1847 and a part of 1848, Rev. J. B. Williams, who had been recently ordained, occu pied the relation of pastor. He was succeeded by Rev. A. A. Anderson, who aGcepted a call from the church, and labored acceptably) for about a year, when his rapidly failing health compelled him to resign his charge, and shortly afterwards to close his earthly labors. When no longer able to secure the old court house, the congregation succeeded in obtaining a place of occasional worship in the old " Seceder," or United Presbyterian Church, a time-honored log building on Mifflin Street, near the present county jail. This building they occupied for some years, until the congregation owning it having become almost extinct as a religious body, the house was finally disposed of by them, and converted to other purposes. The Baptist congregation was then under the necessity of removing to the " Town Hall," which was then in the up-stairs part of the court-house, which has been within- the past year demolished, to make room for the new building now in the course of erection. Here they continued to hold religious ser vices until the completion of what is now known as the Old Baptist Church, a plain brick structure at the corner of Washington and Seventh Streets, which was finished and dedicated in the fall of 1853, at a cost of about three thousand five hundred dollars, the lot having been presented to the congregation by A. P. Wilson, a citizen of the place, now deceased, for the purpose of erecting a house of worship. In January, 1850, Rev. David Williams, now of Lewisburg, Pa., took charge of the church as pastor, and in that capacity labored for a year. In April, 1851, Rev. J. B. Williams, now deceased, was installed 452 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. as pastor, and remained with the church until the year 1854. He was succeeded by Rev. A. B. Still, whose pastorate ended in 1858. In August, 1859, Rev. Wenham Kidder, a young man who had recently graduated, full of youthful ardor and missionary zeal, now deceased, received and accepted a call, serving the church as pastor for six months, during which time he was regularly ordained to the ministry. In July, 1861, Rev. J. L. Holmes, now of Tyrone, Pa., became pastor for six months, giving one-half of his time to the church. In August, 1862, Rev. A. H. Sembower, now of Reading, Pa., entered into an ar rangement for one year, giving one-half of his time to this church, while engaged in preaching for the church at Altoona. In August, 1863, Rev. T. C. Gess- ford commenced his pastoral labors with the church, in connection with the churches at Mill Creek and Broad Top City, continuing in that relation till early in 1866. During his ministry a neat and comfortable IB FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF HUNTINGDON. brick parsonage was erected on Washington Street, between Eighth and Ninth, at a cost of about two thousand dollars, which, it is due to him to say, was accomplished through his energetic and untiring efforts. In October, 1866, Rev. J. W. Plannett, now of Pittsburgh, began preaching for the church as a supply, and in January following was called as pastor. His pastoral labors closed in the spring of 1873, when he was succeeded by Rev. D. W. Hunter, now of Lewistown, Pa. Nov. 20, 1865, the church was incorporated under the title of the " First Regular Baptist Church of Huntingdon." The first decided step taken towards the erection of a more convenient and comfortable house of wor ship was in the spring of 1874, at which time nego tiations for the purchase of additional ground and the enlargement and remodeling of the old church were commenced, but all efforts in that direction failing, the site of the present building was purchased of Mrs. Mas sey, Miss Dorland, and Mr. Meredith. Labor and ma terial were contracted for, and the work of building was commenced, which, under the supervision of the building committee, steadily progressed until the lec ture-room was completed, as at present. In 1874 the ladies of the church organized an Aid Society, the indefatigable and praiseworthy efforts of which have since then largely contributed to the encouragement and support of the building enterprise. The architect of the building was D. S. Gendell, of Philadelphia, and the building committee consisted of K. A. Lovell, chairman ; T. S. Johnston, secretary; S. E. Henry, A. H. Hight, N. B. Corbin, William Morningstar, and W. C. Bartol. Rev. D. W. Hunter was appointed to fill the place of W. C. Bartol, resigned. The corner-stone of the present building was laid Sept. 16, 1876, with appropriate services, conducted by the pastor, Rev. D. W. Hunter, assisted by Revs. F. B. Riddle and J. R. Akers, of the Methodist, A. G. Dole, of the German Reformed, and W. W. Camp: bell, of the Presbyterian Churches, and the following articles were therein deposited by K. A. Lovell, chairman of building committee: The holy Bible, the church manual and declaration of faith, covenant, rules of order, etc., of Baptist Churches, names of present church membership, names of building com mittee, names of Ladies' Aid Society, names of Young People's Mite Society, names of officers, teachers, and Sunday-school scholars, minutes of Cen tre Association, Baptut Quarterly, National Baptist, Baptist Teacher, Young Reaper, Little Ones, the his tory of the church, photograph of old church build ing, United States centennial envelope, printed in the Government Building at the Centennial Exposition, at Philadelphia, and donated by Dr. A. B. Brum baugh, Spanish quarter-dollar, dated 1782, and do nated by Stewart Allen, 'Spanish dollar, dated 1788, donated by Mrs. Boggs, of Huntingdon, Pa ; county papers, Journal, Globe, Monitor, Local News, Mount Union Times, Shirleysburg Herald, Orbisonia Leader, Pilgrim., Young Disciple, Mountain Voice. Rev. D. W. Hunter closed his pastorate in Octo ber, 1878, at which time the church was still worship ing in the old building, and continued to do so until March, 1880. April 10, 1879, Rev. G. G. Craft, a graduate of Crozer Theological Seminary, was in stalled as pastor. The lecture-room of the present building was formally opened for public worship on the 7th of March, 1880. The pastor was assisted in K. &6&^ oG^jze HUNTINGDON BOROUGH. 453 the services by Professor J. C. Long, D.D., of Crozer Theological Seminary, who preached in the morning and evening, and by Rev. Charles H. Scott, then pas tor of the Logan's Valley Baptist Church, at Bell- wood, Blair Co., now deceased, who preached in the afternoon. The estimated cost of the building when completed will be about sixteen thousand dollars. In May, 1882, Rev. Craft resigned as pastor of the church, and was succeeded by the present pastor, Rev. J. H. Chambers, a graduate of the university at Lewisburg and of Crozer Theological Seminary, and for over seven years pastor of the Olivet Baptist Church, Philadelphia, who entered upon his duties as pastor Oct. 1, 1882. Present, membership, one hundred and forty. Board of Trustees, R. McDivitt, T. S. Johnston, K. A. Lovell, H. C. Madden ; Deacons, Samuel, E. Henry, J. C. Dunkle, J. O. Gipple, F. H. Lane, K. A. Lovell ; Clerk, T. S. Johnston ; Treasurer, K. A. Lovell. The Sabbath-school connected with the church was organized about 1846. The officers, teachers, and scholars enrolled at present number about two hundred and fifty. K. Allen Lovell is the superin tendent. K. Allen Lovell.— The ancestry of Mr. Lovell were of English descent, having emigrated from the mother-country long before the Revolutionary strug gle and located in Baltimore County, Md. The first of which we have any record was his great-grand father, Zebulon Lovell, whose son, Zachariah Lovell, grandfather of our subject, was born in Baltimore County in 1746, and came to Pennsylvania in 1794, locating in Trough Creek Valley, Huntingdon Co. Zachariah married Ruth Kelley, of West Maryland, a daughter of William Kelley. In 1774, Ruth Lov ell, sister of Zachariah, married Richard Chilcott, who was born in England, Feb. 24, 1746, and came to America in 1767. They settled in Huntingdon County. Amon Lovell (father of K. Allen) was born Dec. 19, 1802, and was the only child of Zachariah Lovell. He was married March 11, 1834, to Miss Wealthy Houck, daughter of Elijah and Delia Cor bin Houck, of Huntingdon County. He died Nov. 24, 1850. Their children were Emeline, born Jan. 12, 1835; Lavinia, born July 24, 1836; Albert G, born April 3, 1839 ; K. Allen, born July 20, 1841 ; Mary A., born April 19, 1843 ; Henry C, born Aug. 8, 1845; Jesse B., born July 21, 1847 ; and Amon J., born March 16, 1851. Amon Lovell died in the prime of manhood, before completing his forty-eighth year. He was a farmer, and descended from hardy ancestors, who, in most cases, lived to an advanced age. Though of ordinary stature, he had great physical strength, which he sometimes in early life exercised in friendly contests, and always to the utter discomfiture of his antago nist. He was a man of quiet life and demeanor, and while possessing an active mind with quick percep tion, was nevertheless thoughtful and conservative in all his acts. His early life afforded few opportunities for obtaining an education, but he was diligent in improving these, and soon acquired a taste for read ing, which by earnest cultivation all through life made him one of the best-informed men of his day. He loved the society of his friends and neighbors, but avoided anything like prominence before the general public. # He was fond of the quiet home-life of the farm, and never better satisfied than when, as the centre of his family group before the blazing winter eve ning fire, he could instruct and entertain them by reading from the pages of some favorite book. In religion he was a Baptist (Old School), but never connected himself with any church. K. Allen Lovell received a common-school educa tion, and at the age of sixteen years entered Professor J. B. Kidder's seminary at Shirleysburg, and subse quently the State Normal School at Millersville, cov ering a period of five years, from 1857 to 1862, when he commenced the study of law in the office of Messrs. Scott & Brown, at Huntingdon, and continued till Aug. 6, 1862, when he enlisted, at Lancaster, Pa., in Company E, One Hundred and Twenty-second Reg iment Pennsylvania Volunteers, a company made up largely of young men who had been students at Mil lersville. He was appointed first sergeant, which position he held during his term of enlistment.' At the expiration of the term, May 13, 1863, he returned home, and was chosen captain of a com pany of troops being raised at Shirleysburg, just prior to Lee's invasion of this State. His company was attached to Col. J. J. Lawrence's command, and served during the emergency. On his return from the army he resumed the study of law, and was admitted to practice Aug. 10, 1864. From July, 1864, to the close of the war he was em ployed in the office of Capt. A. M. Lloyd, provost- marshal of the Seventeenth District of Pennsylvania. Here he attained the position of chief clerk, and at the close of the war assisted in preparing a " His tory of the Operations and Methods of Business of the Provost-Marshal's Office of the Seventeenth Dis trict of Pennsylvania since its Establishment in 1863," which was required by the provost-marshal-general from each office, as a permanent record. In November, 1865, he commenced the practice of law in Huntingdon, and early in 1866 was appointed district attorney to succeed James D. Campbell, re signed. In October, 1866, having been nominated by the Republicans for the office of district attorney, he was elected by the largest majority of any candidate on the ticket, and served faithfully for the term of three years. In 1871 he was elected chairman of the Republican County Committee, and so discharged his duties as to secure the success of his party at the 454 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. polls. During the same year he was chosen as one of the conferees from Huntingdon County to nomi nate a candidate for president judge of the Twenty- fourth Judicial District of Pennsylvania, and by the vote of his county in the district conference secured the nomination and election of Hon. John Dean. In 1877 he was elected chief burgess of the borough of Huntingdon, and also served as chairman of the board of health. He was elected school director in 1880, and served as president of the board during 1881. He has also served for several years as coun sel for the poor directors and county commissioners. In religion, Mr. Lovell is a Baptist, he having united with the Baptist Church in 1857, and been a member of the Huntingdon Baptist Church since 1862, and has for many years been one of the officiary and also chairman of the building committee in the building of their new and elegant church edifice. He is now (1883) serving his eleventh term as super intendent of the Sabbath -school, and is at present secretary of the board of deacons and treasurer of the church. He is also connected with the Centre Bap tist Association, embracing the counties of Hunting don, Blair, Cambria, Centre, and Mifflin, having been its clerk from 1869 to 1875, and is the present Mod erator, having been elected in 1881, also secretary of the board of trustees for several years. He was also president of the Sunday-school convention connected with the Association from 1868 to 1872. From 1870 to 1872 he was president of the " Huntingdon County Sunday-School Association," and was appointed one of the delegates from Pennsylvania to represent his State at the first and third International Sunday- School Conventions, which were held at Baltimore, Md., in May, 1875, and Toronto, Canada, in June, 1881. He is one of the trustees of the " Huntingdon Orphans' Home," having been identified with the institution from its beginning. During the past year he procured a charter of incorporation for the Home. Mr. Lovell has for many years been connected with the Masonic fraternity in Huntingdon, and has been honored by his brethren as Master of the lodge, dele gate to the Grand Lodge, and is a Past High Priest of the chapter of Royal Arch Masons in that town. He is also one of the stockholders in the Union Bank of Huntingdon, and has been one of the board of directors since 1874. Mr. Lovell was married May 26, 1867, to Miss Mary G., eldest daughter of the late Hon. William B. Leas, of Huntingdon County. They have four children, all living. The German Baptists, or Brethren (Dunkards).— This Christian community is better known by the above names, though many of the members of it pre fer to be called by the name Brethren, and so call their community. It is a part of the great Baptist family, holding with Baptists generally that immer sion is the proper method of baptism, and that be lievers are the only proper subjects of baptism. But the Brethren differ with other Baptists in regard to the mode of immersion, believing that triune immer sion, or three immersions, one immersion into each of the three names of the three persons in the Trinity is the Scriptural mode of immersion (Matthew xxviii. 19). They also differ with other Baptists generally, as they practice the washing of the saints' feet (John xiii. 1-17), the kiss of charity, the Christian form of salutation (Romans xvi. 10 ; Peter v. 14). They also eat a meal, the Lord's Supper, or feast of charity, in connection with the communion of the blood and the communion of the body of Christ, as they do not consider the Lord's Supper in 1 Cor. xi. 20, and the communion in 1 Cor. x. 16, as the same. They be lieve that the supper above referred to and the feast of charity referred to in- Jude, 12th verse, imply a meal, and hence eat a meal in connection with the com munion. The Brethren also hold the doctrine of non-resist ance, non-swearing, and nonconformity to the world. They mean by nonconformity to the world the Scriptural doctrine that Christians are not to con form to the world in imitating it, in changing merely to be like it, when there is no utility, economy, or anything of the kind to commend such a change; that they are not to conform to the world in extrava gant, superfluous, and costly apparel, and in the wearing of jewelry as ornaments; that they are not to conform to the world in any of its habits, customs, or principles that are contrary to the word and spirit of the gospel (Romans xii. 2; 1 Tim. ii. 9; 1 Peter iii. 3). The Brethren never allowed any of the members of their community to hold slaves, neither do they allow their members to belong to secret societies. They have always taken a decided stand against the making, the selling, and the use of intoxicating drinks as a beverage. In regard to the doctrine of the atonement, the divinity of Christ, the new birth, and experimental Christianity, they hold what is generally considered sound doctrine by the Christian world. They take the Scriptures for their guide in faith and practice, and believe that they should be lived out according to the example of the churches in the apostolic age. As above remarked, the Brethren are Baptists, but to distinguish them from the English Baptists they have been called German Baptists, as the first Brethren that came to America were Germans. They came in 1719, and settled in Germantown, Pa. They soon began to spread over the country and to form churches. The Brethren began to settle in the territory now contained in the counties of Huntingdon and Blair as early as 1775, and probably at an earlier day. There are now some seven churches in these two counties, and are known by the following names: Aughwick, Altoona, Clover Creek, Duncansville, HUNTINGDON BOROUGH. 455 Huntingdon, James Creek, and Warrior's Mark. Probably the Clover Creek Church is the oldest. The following are some of the first ministers that preached the doctrine of the Brethren in the territory of Huntingdon and Blair Counties: Daniel Paul, John Martin, George Brumbaugh, John Olinger, Secrist, and Christian Long. The Church of the Brethren in the town of Hunt ingdon was organized in 1878. The members that constituted this church at its organization had been in the James Creek Church. The first members of the Church of the Brethren that were in Huntingdon were Dr. A. B. Brumbaugh and his wife. The doctor located here and commenced the practice of medi cine a number of years before the organization of the Huntingdon Church. In 1873, H. B. and J. B. Brumbaugh removed their printing-office from Marklesburg to Huntingdon. They were publish ing at the time The Pilgrim, a Christian journal de voted to the interests of the Church of the Brethren, of which they were members. In 1876, Elder James Quinter consolidated the Primitive Christian, a Chris tian periodical he was then publishing at Meyersdale, Somerset Co., Pa., with The Pilgrim, and removed to Huntingdon, where the consolidated paper was con tinued under the name of Primitive Christian, and the firm publishing it bearing the name of Quinter & Brumbaugh Brothers. The paper continues to be published by the same firm. At the time the Huntingdon Church was organ ized, Elder James Quinter and Elder H. B. Brum baugh were its ministers, Elder Quinter being the bishop of the church. They both had previously been promoted to the ministry. Soon after the organization, Elder W. J. Swigart came into the congregation, and has since been one of its ministers. He is also one of the teachers in the college. J. B. Brumbaugh and D. Emmert were elected deacons. At the time of the organization the church numbered twelve members. At this time it numbers about sixty. It worships in the college chapel, as it has no house of worship yet ; but if the Head of the Church continues to bless the church in Huntingdon as He has heretofore done, the Brethren indulge the hope that the time will come when they will have a house of worship. The Brumbaugh family was among the earliest set tlers of Morrison's Cove, in Blair County, and Wood cock Valley, in Huntingdon County. Among the early emigrants from Germany to this country was one Hans Heinrich Brumbaugh with his family. He settled near Hagerstown, Md., at the place still named Conococheague. This must have been before or about the year 1750. His eldest son, Jacob (Jockel), was born in Germany, Nov. 27, 1734, and was great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch. His youngest ,son, George (Gorg), was also born in Germany; When settlements began to form in the territory named above, the two brothers, Jacob and George, removed to Morrison's Cove, in Blair County, and located where Rebecca Furnace now stands, and occupied a large tract of land. During the predatory incursions of the Indians of 1777 to 1781, and about the year 1778 or 1779, they were all driven from their homes, and these families returned to their former home at Conococheague. After the war of the Revolution with its attendant Indian maraudings was over these brothers returned with one of their sisters (who afterwards married Conrad Martin, a bishop in the Brethren Church) to reoccupy their homes. Some years after their re turn Jacob purchased the tract of land in Woodcock Valley, Huntingdon Co., near Marklesburg, in Penn township, and still retained in the Brumbaugh name, and removed to his new home, where he lived until his death about 1798 or 1799. His son George, grand father of the subject of this sketch, was born March 12, 1780, and in 1800 married Maria Bowers. He continued to occupy the same homestead until his death, Aug. 6, 1849. His wife died Dec. 15, 1857. He was a min ister and a bishop in the church of the Brethren. They had three sons, — Isaac, who succeeded his father in his office of bishop in the church (deceased) ; Ja cob, the father of the subject of this sketch ; and John, who is also a minister of the gospel. Jacob Brumbaugh was born July 4, 1806, on the old homestead in Penn township, where he still re sides. He was married to Rachel Boyer in 1831. Their children were Henry, a farmer; George B., a minister of the gospel ; Andrew Boelus, the sub ject of this sketch; Abraham W., who died Nov. 26, 1869 ; Rebecca (wife of R. Mason) ; Mary (wife of John Foust) ; Catharine (wife of John Rodgers) ; Rachel (wife of R. A. Zook) ; Jacob H., a prominent educator and teacher of this State, and connected with the Normal College at Huntingdon as its prin cipal secretary, and still a member of the faculty ; and David (deceased). His wife died Dec. 22, 1855. Andrew Boelus Brumbaugh was born Aug. 6, 1836, on the old homestead in Penn township. He was employed on the farm during his boyhood, and at tended the district school near his father's residence, but having a dislike for the rural avocation, and being of a mechanical bent of mind, he early engaged in the house-carpentry and cabinet-making busi ness, in which he attained laudable proficiency. During these years of labor he pushed forward his education by private study, mastering the common English branches, and adding an extended knowl edge of the physical sciences with Latin and German. He was engaged in teaching in the public and other schools of the county for nine years. His taste for the physics led him into medical subjects, and he carefully studied the hydropathic system of practice, then the eclectic, and later the homoaopathic ; but learning that these were all restricted systems, and that there was a system of medicine circumscribed by no bounds and limited by no dogmas, be commenced 456 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. the study of regular medicine in the fall of 1862, under Dr. J. H. Wintrode, of Marklesburg, and en tered the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania in 1863, and graduated with the degree of Doctor of Medicine in the spring of 1866. In the same year (April) he located in Huntingdon, Pa., and commenced the practice of his profession in the office of the late Dr. J. B. Luden. He has given special attention to neurology, and the investigation of allied and the progressive sciences, and has attained consid erable eminence in his profession, being frequently called long distances in consultations. He is a mem ber of the Huntingdon County Medical Society, and since its reorganization in 1872 has been the secre tary and treasurer; a member of the Pennsylvania State Medical Society, and of the American Medical Association. He, with his cousins, H. B. and J. B. Brumbaugh, was instrumental in establishing the Brethren's Normal College at Huntingdon, and since its organization in 1876 has been lecturer in special physiology and hygiene, and is a member and the secretary of the board of trustees of the institution. He has been examining surgeon of the United States Pension Bureau since 1868. He is public-spirited, decided in his opinions, carrying out his convictions against all obstacles, and without regard to the opin ions of others. He is fond of literary pursuits, and has been employed as literary editor of different peri odicals. He is devoted to his friends, but disregards and almost completely ignores his enemies. He was married to Maria B., daughter of Jacob and Elizabeth Frank, of Penn township, Oct. 11, 1859. His wife was born Feb. 10, 1840. They commenced housekeeping in the spring of 1860, on the old home stead, in a small stone house previously occupied by George Brumbaugh. Here their son Gaius Marcus was born. In 1864 they removed to Marklesburg, where their daughter Cora Adele was born. In the spring of 1866 they removed to Huntingdon, their present place of abode. Both their children are graduates of the Normal College at Huntingdon. Their son, having chosen the profession of medicine, has already completed one course of medical lectures at the Howard University, Washington, D. C, and is also employed in the government service. He has been a successful teacher, and enjoys the confidence of all who know him. The whole family are members of the Church of the Brethren, and are active workers in the Christian cause. Catholic Church (Holy Trinity).— Judge Joseph Adams, in his notes of the early settlement of Hun tingdon County, stated that the first church building erected in Huntingdon was a log structure, put up by the Catholics, on the lot at the northwestern corner of Penn and Fifth Streets. Some of our older citi zens informed the writer that a part of the same lot was used as a graveyard by this denomination. Dr. Smith, by deed dated Aug. 1, 1794, conveyed to the Right Rev. John Carroll, Bishop of Baltimore, for the use of the Catholic Church in Huntingdon, a plot of ground on the northeastern corner of Church and Second Streets, fronting one hundred feet on Church and extending along Second one hundred and fifty feet. This ground was used as a cemetery until want of room compelled the purchase of another plot east of the Huntingdon Cemetery. The march of im provement caused the removal of the log church, and for many years afterwards mass was celebrated in private houses, often at the public-house of Henry Dopp, on the corner of Penn and Seventh, now called the Washington House. The efforts to erect another building assumed definite shape in November, 1827, when public announcement was made that sealed proposals would be received at Mr. Dopp's up to the 1st day of January, 1 828, " for building and finishing a brick Catholic Church" forty by sixty feet. The building was soon after commenced and pushed to completion. It has not been much changed exter nally since, though the internal arrangements have been somewhat modified. Among the priests who have officiated here as mis sionaries or as resident pastors the names are remem bered of Revs. Mr. Levy, Riley, Bradley, Wilson, Prendegast, Welch, Murphy, Doyle, Wall, O'Hallan- der, Murphy, Gallagher, Elwood, Devlin, Brady, and the present priest, Father Nevelin. The Evangelical Lutheran Church.— It is sup posed that Rev. John George Butler was one of the earliest ministers of the Lutheran Church who con ducted religious services at Huntingdon. He mar ried Miss Catharine, a sister of Henry Miller, who moved to this place, in company with his brother-in- law, Michael Africa, both Lutherans, in 1791, and it is probable that Rev. Butler came at the same time or soon after. No records have been preserved, and the few scraps of information relative to the affairs of the organization in its early days have been drawn from other sources. Rev. Butler became a resident of Cumberland, Md., in 1805, but subsequently visited and preached for the flock in Huntingdon. Aunt Kitty Kurtz is authority for stating that prior to 1804 one Schmidt and one Hale, who were not or dained ministers, took upon themselves the authority to preach to the people. In 1803 a communication was sent to the Synod complaining that " X is not able to guide the erring, to comfort the troubled," etc., and asks that a regular minister shall be sent. Unsuccessful efforts were made to obtain the services of Rev. Mr. Graber, then located at Middletown. In 1804, Mr. Frederick Haas, of Frederick, Md., came to Huntingdon with the authority of the Min- isterium as a " catechist." The next year he states in his official report that he baptized forty-three per sons, confirmed twenty-two, and had eighteen com municants. He was then clothed with the authority of a " licentiate." On the 1st of October, 1805, he was married by Rev. John Johnston to Miss Eliza- HUNTINGDON BOROUGH. 457 beth, daughter of Henry Miller, above mentioned. His report for 1813 notes forty baptisms and ninety communicants. The next spring he removed from Huntingdon, and afterward resided in Woodstock, Va., Mechanicsburg, Pa., and in the State of Ohio. During Mr. Haas' pastorate an effort was made to raise a sufficient sum of money to build a house of worship for the " German Lutheran Congregation." The officers authorized to solicit subscriptions were Michael Africa, Jacob Lichtenthaler, Samuel Renner, and John Kneedler. Among the names of the sub scribers on a paper dated Feb. 19, 1806, are the fol lowing : Henry Miller, Michael Africa, J. Lichten thaler, John Kneedler, Samuel Renner, J. Rothrock, Jonas Rudisill, Daniel Rothrock, C. Brotherline, G. Householder, Adam Stutzman, Lawrence Shultz, A. Henderson, D. Carpenter, Alex. Dean, Samuel Rid dle, Abraham Howe, John McKennan, William Steel, John Griffith, John Beatty, John Patton, William Jackson, Richard Trovillo, George Black, Patrick Gwin, John Blair, John Keller, Peter Metz, John Yocum, Michael Speck, John Grove, John Dorland, Adam Hall, Daniel Cryder, David Newingham, John Keim, Thomas King, John P. McKnight, John Mc Cabe, Levi Westbrook, John McCahan, James Sax ton, Bobert Dean, William McConnell, John McCon nell, William Henderson, Abm. Levy, Samuel Steel, Benjamin Elliott, Peter Swein, George Anshutz, David Snyder, John Canan, George Buchanan, Rob ert Stitt, John Huyett, Thomas Ker, Robert Allison, William Wilson, Moses Canan, John Whittaker, Peter Shoenberger, Henry Newingham, and many others. The building was commenced, the walls erected, and in all probability the roof put on, but the fund was insufficient to complete the church. A further effort was made to raise money, and on an other subscription-paper, not dated, the official board appeared to be composed of Michael Africa, elder, John Vantries, deacon, Philip Shultz, Daniel Roth rock, and Jacob Miller. The required sum was not secured, and an arrangement was subsequently made with the Episcopal and Presbyterian Churches by which the house was completed and occupied. (See Presbyterian Church.) North of the church, which stood upon the ground now covered by a building called the New Academy, but now converted into dwelling-houses, a part of the lot was devoted to burial purposes. Christopher, father of Michael Af rica, the wife of Henry Miller, and several other per sons, were interred there. The graves were marked with head- and foot-stones taken from the quarry below town, and bore appropriate inscriptions ; but after the building ceased to be used for religious pur poses and became a place for holding public schools, the lot was appropriated as a play-ground, and the stones were broken and the lettering defaced, so that the graves could no longer be identified. After Mr. Haas' departure the pastorate was for a time vacant. In 1819, Rev. Mr. Rebenack was here during a short period. During a year and a half from 1820, Rev. Henry Henian, a physician, had charge, but his pastorate was not successful. It is not known that any one preached here during the fifteen years following. Such was the conservatism of the old German Lutherans that they opposed the introduc tion of the English language in their worship, and as a necessary consequence the Lutheran Church de clined as the people became Anglicized. In 1838 or 1839 an effort was made by Rev. Mr. Osterloh to reorganize the congregation, but he lim ited himself to the German element, and failed. Meantime the old brick church came to be used as a school-house, and was afterward, with nearly an acre of ground, sold at public sale. Nothing more was done here by the Lutherans till 1853, when Rev. P. M. Rightmyer commenced labor here as a missionary, preaching in the court-house, then in the Baptist Church. Through his untiring efforts money was raised for^the erection of a church, which was built in the summer of 1854, on the site of the present church building, corner of Sixth and Mif flin Streets. Its cost was fourteen hundred dollars. The following clergymen have served this congre gation since the pastorate of Mr. Rightmyer. Most of them ministered at the same time to other charges: Revs. H. K. Fletcher, who entered on his duties in 1855; J. R. Bricker, 1859; J. H. Bratten, 1864; J. J. Kerr, 1867; S. S. McHenry, 1872; J. Zimmerman, 1875 ; J. R. Focht, 1876 ; E. G. Hay, 1878 ; and the present pastor, D. R. P. Barry, 1881. In 1876 the old house of worship was taken down, and the present tasteful edifice erected on its site at a cost of about nine thousand dollars. It is about forty- five by seventy-five feet. The first story is divided into Sunday-school and lecture-room and infant- and Bible-class rooms. In the next story is the audito rium, which has a seating capacity of five hundred. Provision has been made for the discharge of all lia bilities, so that practically the church has no debt. Methodist Episcopal Church. — It was stated a few years since by Aunt Kitty Kurtz (whose father settled in Huntingdon in 1789) that the first Metho dist preaching in the town was by one Lesley Mat thews, who was reputed to be a converted Roman Catholic priest. The first preaching-place was in " Beckie Tanner's house, on Penn Street, between Third and Fourth. The first Quarterly Meeting was held in an upper room, twelve feet square, of a small log building still standing" on the south side of the Diamond, in Penn Street, between Fourth and Fifth. This building was then owned by James Saxton. The first society in the borough was formed in 1797, and consisted of Michael Cryder, his wife, and their son Daniel, Thomas Kerr and wife, Isaiah Harr and wife, and James Saxton. This class held meetings in a warehouse on the bank of the Juniata River, near the foot of Fifth Street. 458 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. The first Methodist house of worship was erected in 1802. It was built of hewed logs, twenty-five by thirty feet, on the northwest corner of Fifth and Church Streets, the present site of the brick Metho dist Episcopal Church. This building was enlarged by taking out one end and erecting a framed addition. About 1828 it was again enlarged by removing one side and adding to it in that direction, still retaining a portion of the original log structure. From that time it was in use, with only ordinary repairs, till 1856, when it was taken down and the present brick edifice erected on its site. It is forty-eight by sixty- five feet. The first story is divided into class-rooms, Sunday-school rooms, and library. The audience- room occupies the whole of the second story. The in terior has been twice remodeled and renovated. The church is valued at $15,000 ; the parsonage at $3000. Ministers. — Huntingdon Circuit. — 1788, Samuel Breeze, Daniel Coombs ; Nelson Reed, elder. 1793, Lesley Matthews, John Watson; Nelson Reed, elder. 1797, Seely Bunn, John Phillips ; J. Everett, pre siding elder. 1802, Isaac Robbins, Joseph Stone ; W. Lee, pre siding elder. (In this year the Baltimore Conference was formed and Huntingdon included in the Balti more district. It was subsequently included in the Northumberland district.) Northumberland District. — 1824, J. Rhodes; H. Smith, presiding elder. 1826, Robert Minshall, Samuel McPherson ; Mar- maduke Pierce, presiding elder. 1827, John Childs, John Brewer; Marmaduke Pierce, presiding elder. 1828, Isaac Collins, John C. Lyons; Marmaduke Pierce, presiding elder. 1829, Isaac Collins, J. Shanks ; David Steele, pre siding elder. 1830, Samuel Ellis, Henry Tarring ; David Steele, presiding elder. 1831, Henry Tarring, Edward E. Allen; David Steele, presiding elder. 1832, Samuel Bryson, D. Gohien ; David Steele, presiding elder. 1833, Samuel Bryson, A. Smith; William Pretty- man, presiding elder. 1834, A. Smith, S. Smith; William Prettyman, presiding elder. Huntingdon District. — 1843, Henry G. Dill, W. Baird ; Henry Furlong, presiding elder. 1844, Henry G. Dill, William Gwinn ; Henry Fur long, presiding elder. 1845, Joseph S. Lee, W. D. F. Crawford ; Henry Furlong, presiding elder. 1846, Henry Furlong, F. Gearhart ; John Miller, presiding elder. 1847, John A. Gere ; John Miller, presiding elder. 1848, John A. Gere, P. Waters; John Miller, pre siding elder. 1849, James Stevens, Ephraim McCollum; John Miller, presiding elder. 1850, William R. Mills, A. E. Maclay; T. H. W. Monroe, presiding elder. 1851, William R. Mills, A. W. Gibson; T. H. W. Monroe, presiding elder. 1852, Wilson E. Spottswood, H. McDaniel ; T. H. W. Monroe, presiding elder. 1853, Alem Brittain, T. B. Gotwalt; T. H. W. Monroe, presiding elder. Bellefonte District. — 1854-55, Nathan S. Bucking ham ; John Poisal, presiding elder. 1856-57, David Shoaff; John Poisol, presiding elder. Carlisle District. — 1858, Alexander M. Barnitz; John A. Gere, presiding elder. Juniata District. — 1859, Alexander M. Barnitz; George Guyer, presiding elder. 1860, S. L. M. Conser; George Guyer, presiding elder. 1861, S. L. M. Conser ; George D. Chenowith, pre siding elder. 1862-63, James Brads ; George D. Chenowith, pre siding elder. 1864, Job A. Price ; George D. Chenowith, presid ing elder. 1865-66, Job A. Price ; Thomas Barnhart, presid ing elder. 1867-68, Reuben E. Wilson; Thomas Barnhart, presiding elder. 1869, Reuben E. Wilson; Benjamin B. Hamlin, presiding elder. 1870-72, M. K. Foster; Benjamin B. Hamlin, pre siding elder. 1873, J. S. McMurray, G. W. C. Van Fossin ; Mil ton K. Foster, presiding elder. 1874, J. S. McMurray ; Milton K. Foster, presiding elder. 1875, J. S. McMurray, J. R. Akers; Milton K. Foster, presiding elder. 1876, Finley B. Riddle, J. R. Akers; Milton K. Foster, presiding elder. 1877, Finley B. Riddle, J. R. Akers; Thompson Mitchell, presiding elder. 1878, Finley B. Riddle, F. Rogerson ; Thompson Mitchell, presiding elder. 1879, Richard Hinkle, F. Rogerson; Thompson Mitchell, presiding elder. 1880, Richard Hinkle, W. H. Dill; Thompson Mitchell, presiding elder. 1881, John J. Pearce, W. H. Dill, C. V. Hartzell; Richard Hinkle, presiding elder. 1882, John J. Pearce, C. V. Hartzell; Richard Hinkle, presiding elder. Owing to the absence of records, the names of the ministers who served the Huntingdon people during the early part of the present century and from 1834 until 1843 could not be obtained. cJ o m w wm 1 XE H KAB , HUNTINGDON BOROUGH. 459 Methodist Episcopal Sabbath-School.1— On 7th of September, 1828, as appears by the roll-book, there were enrolled 43 scholars, — 23 male and 20 female. There were present that day 15 male and 16 female scholars; total, 31; absent, 12. On the 14th of the same month there were present 5 male and 4 female teachers, 17 male and 13 female scholars ; total of all, 39. On the 6th of September, 1829, the number of scholars enrolled had increased to 79. There were present that day 8 teachers and 33 scholars ; total, 41. On the 5th of September, 1830, the numbers en rolled were : teachers, 11 ; scholars, male, 50 ; female, 50 ; total of all, 111 ; in attendance, 7 teachers and 51 scholars. On the 4th of September, 1831, the list showed 7 male and 6 female teachers, 47 male and 37 female scholars; total, 97; in attendance, 4 teachers and 42 scholars ; total, 46. The last full account in the book is for Feb. 19, 1832, as follows: 6 male and 6 female teachers, 46 male and 46 female scholars ; total, 104 ; in attend ance, 9 teachers and 46 scholars ; total, 55. . Among the scholars noted on the roll or record for reciting verses, hymns, etc., are : 1828, December 21st.— E. (Emily?) Brotherline, Matilda Nuthill, Eliza Westbrook, Eliza Collins, K. Hildebrand, J. Fee, J. S. Read, G. Coffey, G. Black, W. P. Walker, A. Hartman, I. Davis, A. Nightwine. 1828, December 28th. — In addition to the above, W. Peightal. 1829 and 1830. — During the two years these names occur: Eliza Westbrook, Eliza Collins, Amy Thomas, Emily Brotherline, Kezia Hildebrand, Anna Hart man, Mary Walker, Ann Snyder,2 Mary Ann Africa, Catharine Coffey, Isabella Maize, Catharine Wick- wire, Catharine Reel, Henrietta Snyder, Elizabeth Peightal, Mary Jane Parks, Anna Clark, Elizabeth Cannon, Mary Ann Kurtz, Margaret Reily, Mary Ann Hall, Eliza Ann Corker, Rebecca Hildebrand, Elizabeth McDonough, Mary Monroe, Mary Roth rock, Sarah Fox, Sarah Lewis, Elizabeth Stutzman, Catharine Stewart, Isabella Maize, John Davis, And. Hartman, Jesse Black, Geo. Black, William Walker, Abm. Nightwine, James Read, Charles Lee, William Peightal, John Eichelberger, William Davis, John Jones, Thomas Hoffman, Alexander Port, William Black, John S. Walker, William Barber, John Barber, Abraham Walker, John Cameron, Wesley McCoy, Charles Black, John F. Kurtz, Franklin Kurtz, Wil liam Africa, Samuel Barber, John Hook, John Flem ing, Henry Bowers. John Whitehead was born in Abersychan, Mon mouthshire, South Wales, Aug. 7, 1832. Before he was seven years of age he was placed in the coal mines of the neighborhood by his father as a punish- 1 Extracted from Sunday-school record. 1 Wife of Thomas P. Campbell. ment for his non-attendance upon the school to which he was sent, and kept at work in the mines because he would not attend school, and it was not long be fore he was placed in charge of what is known among miners as the " trap-door," and for that service he was allowed two pence per day, and after a few weeks' ser vice at this work his salary was increased to four pence per day, and after a few weeks more he became an expert at the trap-door business, and his salary was increased to ten pence per day. Having become learned in this branch of the coal-mining, he was next placed in a foundry, and set at scraping castings. This seemed to be rather light work for the boy, and he was transferred to the "bridge-house," on top of the furnace, and there set to breaking stone. This work he accomplished quite well, when he was soon transferred to the rolling-mill as a handler of. the tongs at the large rolls. This was quite a hard task for one so young, but he was determined to master that as well as any other work at which he was placed. His father sent him next to the puddling furnace as a helper, to take the place of a man, and when his father saw that he was going to master that trade he took him into the coal-mines as a " driver- boy." Soon after this he was permitted to choose between the school and one of the several trades, when young Whitehead chose the occupation of a coal-digger, and in a short time the boy became " mas ter of the situation," having work by himself. The mine in which he worked was a mile or more from his borne, and after going down the shaft, he then had another mile to travel underground to reach his work. He was an early riser, leaving his home at three o'clock A.M., and working till late at night. He continued working in the coal-mines till he was about twenty years of age, and had become familiar with all the intricacies of the business. At this age he had learned of America, and the mere knowledge that there was such a country created a desire to visit that far-off land, and as some of his acquaintances were about leaving for this country, he decided to try his fortune in the New World, and took passage in the sailing vessel " Kate Switland" from Cardiff, and experienced a rough passage of seven weeks and three days, when they landed in New York, about the middle of November, 1854. From New York he went to Cumberland, Md., where he learned that he had friends in the mines at that place, but upon his arrival he found, to his disappointment, that he could not obtain work at the mines for several weeks. He finally obtained work for a few days, and was then idle again for three months. This alternating be tween work and forced, idleness was kept up for about three years, yet he was not discouraged, and did not for once wish himself back on his native heath. In the latter part of 1855 he went to Johnstown, Pa., where he obtained work at one dollar and twenty- five cents for a day of fifteen hours, at which he con- 460 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. tinued till about the 20th of December, 1856, when he could no longer obtain work at such exorbitant prices, and returned to Maryland about Dec. 20, 1856, and on the 22d of that month he engaged with An drew Patrick, a Scotchman, to work in and develop the bituminous coal-mines near Minersville for the Huntingdon and Broad Top Improvement Company. This he did to the entire satisfaction of the parties concerned, soon bringing the capacity of the mines up to one hundred and sixty tons per day. From this he went into the employ of a Mr. Wigton, with whom he remained some time, also having charge at the same time of the mines of the Huntingdon and Broad Top Railroad Company and the Kemball Coal and Iron Company's mines. In 1868 he leased from the railroad company one of their mines, in which other parties had failed to work profitably, and brought it up to a good, paying mine. In 1874 or '75 he went into Clearfield County, Pa., and purchased eight tracts of coal lands in the Moshannon vein, aggregating nine hundred acres, estimated at six thousand tons per acre, for which he has paid fifteen thousand dollars. For the last eight years he has been making heavy shipments of coal from these mines. He subsequently leased from Messrs. Reading, Richey & Wallace some of their coal lands, and since that time Mr. Whitehead with others have purchased other tracts aggregating nearly or quite nineteen hundred acres, all in the Moshan non vein, Clearfield County, on which they have six large openings, from which1 are shipped three thou sand tons of coal daily. There is in connection with these mines about one hundred houses for their miners and two large, well-3tocked stores. Mr. Whitehead is also the owner of one furnace, and the lessee of another, at both of which he has the necessary number of dwellings and stores for the accommodation of his large number of workmen. Mr. Whitehead has been blessed with good health thus far through life, for which he is thankful to the Giver of every good and perfect gift. He is possessed with a kind heart, genial disposition, and believes in and practices the golden rule, especially so with those in his employ, knowing full well the value of a kind word from an employer to the employed. Religiously he is a Methodist, and a faithful and consistent mem ber of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Hunting don, contributing largely and freely to its support. Mr. Whitehead was married at Cumberland, Md., June 25, 1855, to Miss Jane Sweet, who was born Dec. 19, 1836. Their children are William Thomas, born April 27, 1856, died Oct. 15, 1857 ; Amelia, born Sept. 15, 1857, married to G. W. R. Swoope ; Mary E., born May 29, 1859, married to I. K. Evans ; Marga ret, born Aug. 20, 1861, died Oct. 11, 1862 ; Martha, born Feb. 13, 1863 ; John, Jr., born Sept. 21, 1864, died Feb. 21, 1865 ; Thomas C, born Sept. 14, 1866 ; Laura Elsie, born Jan. 18, 1869 ; Alice, born March 14, 1871 ; L. Bertha, born Dec. 26, 1872 ; George Leonard, born Jan. 17, 1875 ; Lucy Edna, born Aug. 13, 1877 ; Cora Annetta, born March 28, 1880. West Huntingdon Methodist Episcopal Church. — In 1875 a chapel was erected by the Methodist Episcopal Church of Huntingdon for the accommo dation of Methodists residing in the western part of the borough. It was located on Fifteenth Street, be tween Mifflin and Moore. It is a convenient wooden structure, with a seating capacity of three hundred which, by opening folding-doors, may be increased to four hundred. The building is valued at two thou sand five hundred dollars. Revs. J. S. McMurray, D.D., and J. R. Akers, the clergymen in charge at Huntingdon, first conducted services here ; but in 1877 a separate society, under the above name, was organized, and Rev. J. R. Akers was appointed preacher in charge. He was followed by Revs. Frederick Rogerson, in 1878 ; W. H. Dill, 1880 ; W. H. Dill and C. V. Hartzell, 1881 ; and the present pastor, C. V. Hartzell, 1882. The Presbyterian Church. — While a large per centage of the early settlers of Huntingdon County were of the Presbyterian faith, and ministers of that denomination frequently visited them, they came only as missionaries, and there does not appear to have been any successful effort to obtain a settled pastor until the services of Rev. John Johnston were secured by the Hart's Log and Shaver's Creek con gregations in the fall of 1787, over which he was installed as pastor in the following month of No vember. His pastoral relation with the Shaver's Creek congregation was dissolved Oct. 7, 1789, for the purpose of enabling him to accept a call from the town of Huntingdon for one-half of his time. This call was accepted April 13, 1790. Below is appended a copy of the original " Huntingdon Congregation Subscription" : " We whose names are hereunto annexed do agree to pay the several sums prefixed to our names yearly and every year unto the hands of Benjamin Elliot, Esq., who is empowerd to sue and recover said sums if failure in payment, for the one-half the Rev. John Johnston's ministerial labours to be performed at the town of Huntingdon. Said subscribers reserve the power of withdrawing their subscriptions or any of them at the expiration of every year, if they may think proper. July the 6th, 1789. £ e. d. Benjamin Elliot 1 10 0 Andrew Henderson 1 10 0 James Hamilton 1 10 0 Samuel Riddle 1 10 0 Charles Smith 1 10 0 Robert Galbraith 1 10 0 Alexander Dean 1 5 0 John Fee 15 0 John Patton 15 0 Caleb Armitage 18 0 John Reed 15 0 Alexander McConnell 15 0 Archibald Ramsey 10 0 Robert Riddle 10 0 John Dean 15 0 Michael Humbert 10 0 Peter Stephens 10 0 George Martin 10 0 John Griffith 10 0 Henry McCarthy 15 0 Isaac Armitage 10 0 Peter Swoope 7 6 Moses Donaldson 100 Jesse Head 10 0 Matthew Simpson 10 0 William Simpson 10 0 £s.d. Samuel McKenny 15 0 William Moore 15 0 Abraham Haines 10 0 Jacob Laird 17 6 Abraham Dearduff 7 6 Joshua Lewis B 0 Patrick Leonard 10 0 Peter Vandevander 15° John Simpson 15 0 John Light 5 0 John George 7 6 Robert Simpson 10 0 James Elliott 1° ° Robert Patton " 6 George Guthrie J* » John Weston }» ° George Buchanan 10 0 John Ashbaugh < ° Hugh Tanner IJ J John Fee, Jr \ ° John Shaver J ° John Covanhovan ' ° David McMurtrie 1 » " William Mcllvain J" » John Cadwallader 1 w " HUNTINGDON BOROUGH. 461 On the lists for 1790, 1791, and 1792 the following additional names appear : Robert Walker, Arthur Chambers, John Marshall, Archibald Thompson, James Nesbit, M.D., Richard Smith, John Galbraith, Thomas Whittaker, William McConnell, William Steel, James Fulton, Simon Weston. New names appear for 1793 as follows : William Rose, Thomas Dwyer, Alexander Donaldson, Alexander Moore, John Armitage, John Dorland, William States, James Thompson, Ebenezer Wool- aston, Amos Moore, Anthony Molloy, Daniel Baker, Stephen Drury, Peter Staiglether, Daniel McCoy, and William Searight. The business committee of the congregation in 1793' consisted of Andrew Henderson, Benjamin Elliot, Matthew Simpson, James Nesbit, and John Patton. It was not very long after the acceptance of the call to Huntingdon until Mr. Johnston purchased the property at the southeastern corner of Penn and Second Streets and took up his residence there, where he continued to dwell until the time of his death.1 His immediate neighbors were John Simpson on the northeastern corner of the same streets, John Cad wallader where the court-house stands, Stephen Drury a little farther up Penn Street, Arthur Cham bers at the northeastern corner of Penn and Third, Benjamin Elliott on the northwestern corner of Alle gheny and Second, and the Deans on the southeastern corner of those streets. The services conducted by Rev. Mr. Johnston were held for many years in the court-house. About 1806 the Lutherans commenced the erection of a brick church on the ground at the northeastern corner of Church and Fourth Streets. Failing in their efforts to raise the money necessary to complete the building, the officers agreed to relinquish to the Protestant Episcopal congregation one-half of their interest in the ground and building on condition that the latter would complete the edifice. This arrangement was not successful, and the Presbyterian congregation was admitted to an equal share with the other organiza tions. The required money was subscribed, and on the 11th day of March, 1817, Richard Smith and wife conveyed lots Nos. 239, 240, 241, and 242 to William R. Smith and John Whittaker, trustees of the Pro testant Episcopal Church, Samuel Steel and John McCahan, trustees of the Presbyterian congregation, and Michael 'Africa and Christian Colstock, trustees of the German Lutheran congregation. Under this tripartite arrangement the building was completed and occupied alternately by the congregations for some years thereafter. There were some debts re maining,2 and as an adjustment between the three 1 See page 66. ^Notice was given in the Gazelle, Feb. 25, 1819, that the subscription- paper for finishing the Union meeting-house would remainMn the pos session of Jacob Miller ten days longer, to give subscribers an opportu nity of saving costs by making payment. A notice was given through the same medium, Jan. 28, 1824, that " delinquents may depend on the next call being made in the name of the commonwealth." congregations could not be satisfactorily made, the interests of the Episcopal and Presbyterian congrega tions were sold at sheriff's sale and conveyed to Henry Miller, Nov. 30, 1826, and that of the Lutheran con gregation was also sold by the sheriff under authority of a special act of Assembly, and conveyed to Mr. Miller Jan. 20, 1841. This building was used for religious and school purposes until about 1844, when it was torn down and the material used in the erection of the academy building on the corner of Moore Street. At a meeting of the Presbyterian congregation held at the " Union Church" on the 22d of June, 1825, a committee was appointed to ascertain on what terms the German Presbyterian meeting-house3 could be had for the accommodation of the congregation for the present, and to report if " suitable site can be had for the erection of a meeting-house." The committee reported at a subsequent meeting that Mr. Swoope and Mr. Graffius, trustees of the German Church, agreed that the congregation might have the use of their church, " and intimated plainly that it should be without compensation." On the 29th day of December, 1827, a contract was entered into with James Stitt for the erection of a brick church on the western side of Fourth Street, between Mifflin and Church Streets, on a lot, No. 192, purchased by the trustees from the heirs of Abra ham Howe. The corner-stone was laid with suitable ceremonies Aug. 13, 1828, and the building com pleted in June, 1830. There were fifty-six pews in four rows. The annual rental ranged from twenty- five dollars for those nearest the pulpit to ten dollars for the rear ones. On the subscription for the pews dated July 1, 1830, the following names appear : No. of Tew. 2, Jacob Miller. 3. William Moore. 4. H. B.Smith & Co. 5. John Bracken, Archibald Stitt. 6. J. K. Moorhead. 7. William Williams. 8. Patrick Gwin. 9. Nancy Donaldson, John Mc Guire. 11. Mrs. Wilson, Mrs. Evans, and Mrs. Rothrock. 12. John Whittaker. 13. John Nash and W. H. King. 14. Thomas King. 15. John Glazier. 16. Mrs. Armitage. 17. Davis & Henderson. 20. James Gwin, John K. McCa han. 21. William Swoope, M.D., J. Geo. Miles. 22. William Dorris. 23. William Simpson. 24. David McMurtrie. No. of Pew. 25. G. M. Totten. 26. John Miller. 27. William Orbison. 28. John Ker. 29. Samuel Steel. 30. Reau & Swoope. 31 John McCahan. 32. David McMurtrie, Jr., B. E. McMurtrie, M.D. 33. Benjamin Miller and Gregg. 34. James Coffey, M.D. 37. Thomas Fisher and George Jackson. 41. Eliza Clabaugh and Rhoda Haz zard 42. David Snare and Thomas Whit taker. 45. Ellen Ramsey. 46. James Hemphill. 48. Lightner & McKennan. 51. Wallace & Hemphill. 53. David R. Porter. 55. Robert Allison. The contractor for the building, James Stitt, was not obligated to erect a steeple, and that was the 8 Reformed Church, northeast corner of Mifflin and Fifth Streets. 462 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. subject of another contract made with Stephen Axtell in July, 1830. A few years after its completion a bell was purchased, the second large one of the town, and used on this building and the church afterwards erected at Penn and Sixth Streets for many years. It now hangs in the tower of the Reformed Church. The second church building erected by the congre gation is yet standing on the southwestern corner of Penn and Sixth Streets, and is now called the Key stone Building, and occupied by J. C. Blair as a sta tionery manufactory. Proposals were invited by the trustees from Dec. 1 to 25, 1843, and in January following a contract was entered into with Charles B. Callahan for put ting up the building. The size adopted was forty-six by seventy feet. The house was beautiful in design, and was a convenient and comfortable house of wor ship. It was dedicated Wednesday, Aug. 13, 1845, Rev. J. W. Yeomans, D.D., of Danville, delivering a sermon on the occasion. The lower story contained Sunday-school, prayer-meeting- and sessions-rooms, and the auditorium on the second floor had sixty-six pews, ranging in annual rental from six to twenty dollars. These were occupied after the opening of the church as follows : Pew"' Pew-holdera- pe^, Pew-holders. 1. James Lane and James Boggs- 32. Samuel S. Wharton. 2. Jacob Fockler. 35. John Ker. 5. Mrs. Allison. 36. William Orbison. 6. Mrs. Reed. 37. Thomas Fisher. 7. George Gwin . and Mrs. Ar 38. John McCahan. mitage. 39. Greenberry Dorsey, 8. J. B. Luden, M.D. 40. D. Blair and John Reed. 9. Henderson, M.D. 41. William Dorris. 10. Elizabeth W. Miller. 42. Mrs. Porter. 11. Mrs. Moore. 43. A. W. Benedict. 12. Thomas Whittaker. 44. Graffius and Glazier. 13. William Swoope, M.D. 45. Daniel Africa. 14. George Taylor. 46. J. Hemphill. 15. A. K. Cornyn. 47. Andrew Allison. 16. Harrison and Huey. 51. Henry Myers and Mrs. McAl 17. John Colstock. lister. 20. Osburn and Simpson. 63. A. Lyman Smith. 21. Johu A. Campbell. 54 Samuel Hemphill. 22. W. E. McMurtrie. 65. Raymond and Whittaker, 23. Campbell and Hildebrand. 66. Charles H. Miller. 24. Isaac Dorland. 67. Martha McMurtrie. 25. Margaret and John Whit 58. David Snare. taker. 59 Allison and Scott. 26. Alexander Gwin. 60. Mrs. Steel and Hartley. 27. Anderson and Dorsey. 61. Mrs. Jackson. 28. Stitt and PoBtlethwait. 62. Rev. John Peebles. 29. James Gwin. 64. Lang and Watson. 30. William P. Orbison. 65. James Porter. 31. J. George Miles. The trustees at the time the building was com menced were John Ker, J. George Miles, Thomas Fisher, John Cresswell, John Glazier, George Tay lor, and Thomas P. Campbell. During the following twenty years the congrega tion had so increased in numbers that it became necessary to provide additional accommodations. Various plans for the enlargement of the building were proposed from year to year, when, at a congre gational meeting held June 2, 1870, the trustees were authorized to purchase a part of lot No. 155, at the southwestern corner of Mifflin and Fifth Streets, and ascertain what amount could be raised for a new church. On the 8th the trustees reported that they had purchased a part of the lot and that sixteen thousand and forty-five dollars had already been sub scribed, when they were directed to have plans pre pared. Additional ground was procured, making a plot fronting eighty feet on Fifth Street, and extend ing along Mifflin Street one hundred and fifty feet. A contract was entered into with William V. Hughes for the erection of a church and chapel according to the plans adopted. A bell weighing twelve hundred and thirty pounds, cast at the West Troy Bell Foun dry, was received and placed in the tower in June, 1872, and rung for the first time at four o'clock a.m. on the following Fourth of July. The town clock, by arrangement with the borough authorities, was placed in the tower the next month. On Sunday, December 15th, services were held for the first time in the chapel, and on the 10th of September, 1873, the build ing being completed, was formally dedicated. The size of the audience-room in the main building is sixty-three by eighty-seven feet, and its seating ca pacity is about seven hundred. The cost of the ground, building, bell, furnaces, and furniture was about thirty-five thousand dollars. The Pastoes. — Rev. John Johnston served the congregation from the date of his acceptance of its call, April 13, 1790, until the fall meeting of the Presbytery in 1823, when at his request he was re leased on account of age and infirmity. He served his people here for about thirty-three years and six months. He died on the 16th day of December fol lowing, aged about seventy-three years. The mar riages performed during his pastorate will be found recorded in Chapter XV. Rev. John Peebles, born near Shippensburg, July 17, 1800, a graduate of Jefferson College and Prince ton Theological Seminary, was licensed by the Pres bytery of Carlisle in the spring of 1824. In the fall he visited and preached for the Huntingdon congregation,1 and continued as stated supply during the winter. On the 22d and 23d of April, 1825, he was regularly called to the two churches of Huntingdon and Hart's Log, the former for two-thirds and the latter for one- third of his time, and was ordained and installed June 22, 1825. He resided at the northeast corner of Washington and Fifth Streets. He soon relinquished the Hart's Log charge, and occasionally preached at the Union school-house, in Henderson township. At his request, the pastoral relation with the Hunting don Church was dissolved at the April meeting of the Presbytery, 1850. He settled in West Virginia on a farm, but returned to Huntingdon in May, 1854, where he died on the 11th of August following. Mr. Peebles' labors here covered a period exceeding twenty-five years, during which he received into the HUNTINGDON BOROUGH. 463 church many who now are among the oldest of its members. Rev. Lowman P. Hawes was called June 11, 1850. He accepted the call, and was installed a short time thereafter. At a meeting of the Presbytery, held in January, 1854, he was released from his charge on account of declining health. At the April meeting of the Presbytery a call was presented for Rev. O. O. McClean, and he was in stalled as pastor June 15th. He served the congre gation acceptably until, at a meeting of the Presby tery held Dec. 23, 1858, the pastoral relation was dis solved at his request, on account of impaired health. On the 14th of June, 1859, he was dismissed to the Presbytery of Cedar, Iowa, and Rev. Geo. W. Zahnizer received from the Presbytery of Erie. A call from the Huntingdon congregation was placed in his hands, ac cepted, and he was installed as pastor the same day. On the 8th of June, 1875, after an acceptable pastoral service of sixteen years, the relation was dissolved by the Presbytery at his request, and he accepted a call to Conneautville, Pa. During the foi- lowingsix months the pulpit was filled from Sabbath to Sabbath with invited supplies. At a congregational meeting held Jan. 5, 1876, for the purpose of calling a pas tor, Rev. Ambrose Nelson Hollifield was unanimously chosen. On the 29th of the same month his relation with the Glen More congregation, Chester County, was dissolved and the call to Huntingdon ac cepted. He immediately entered upon his duties. On the 17th of April installation services were conducted. At a meeting of the Presbytery held March 1, 1882, he was released from his charge to enable him to accept a call to the Grand Avenue Church, St.Louis, and on the following Sabbath preached a farewell sermon. During his pastorate of six years more than three hundred names were added to the roll of membership. Rev. David K. Freeman, then pastor of a church at Hyde Park, Scranton, was chosen to fill the vacant pastorate at a meeting of the congregation held on Monday evening, May 2d, and the officers of the church were instructed to make out and present a formal call. The call was accepted, and in the latter part of June he removed his family to Huntingdon, and at once entered upon pastoral labors in his new field. On the evening of November 22d, Mr. Free man was formally installed, Revs. J. J. Coale, Wil liam Laurie, Samuel M. Moore, and William Pri- deaux conducting the exercises. On the petition of David Blair, Jacob Miller, James Porter, Theo. H. Cremer, William Orbison, David Snare, George Taylor, E. V. Everhart, Thomas P. Campbell, A. Harrison, John Whittaker, John Cress well, A. W. Benedict, James S. Read, Samuel S. Whar ton, Daniel Africa, James M. Bell, William P. Orbi son, A. P. Wilson, John Reed, Thomas Fisher, and John Glazier, members of the congregation, presented to the Court of Common Pleas, Jan. 13, 1843, a decree incorporating " The Huntingdon Presbyterian Con gregation" was made on the 15th day of April follow ing. Trustees elected July 16, 1825, Jacob Miller, Robert Allison, William Dorris, John Ker, and William Orbison ; 1829, Robert Allison, James Coffey, James Gwin, John Ker, William Dorris, William Moore, William Simpson, William Swoope, PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. William Orbison, John G. Miles, Matthew Wilson, and James Porter. The church organization for the year 1883 is as follows : Pastor, Rev. D. K. Freeman ; Elders, Henry Glazier, William P. Orbison, Samuel T. Brown, Wil liam Dorris, G. Barton Armitage, J. Randolph Simp son ; Clerk of Sessions, G. Barton Armitage ; Deacons, Charles Kershaw, B. Frank Isenberg, treasurer; Trustees,. John Read, president, John M. Bailey, secretary, J. Simpson Africa, James A. Brown, Ho ratio G. Fisher, John M. Maguire, John E. Smucker ; Treasurer, J. Simpson Africa; Sexton, Samuel S. Smith. St. John's Protestant Episcopal Church.— Many of the early settlers of Huntingdon were Episcopa- 464 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. lians, and it is known that Dr. Smith on his visits here frequently held services, but the date of the or ganization of the church cannot now be found. This society joined with the Lutherans in an effort to com plete a brick church at the corner of Church and Fourth Streets, which the latter had undertaken but were unable to finish. The final result of this effort is detailed under the head of the " Presbyterian Church." The Gazette of Oct. 27, 1814, contains the following announcement: " The members of the Prot estant Episcopal Church are hereby informed that the Rev. Jackson Kemper will preach at Huntingdon on Sunday next, the 30th inst., and at such other places in the county after that time as the members of said church shall require of him. Parents who have children to baptize and adults desirous of bap tism are advised to embrace this opportunity." Through the same medium John Davis and Wray Maize, wardens, gave notice to the members of the church in Huntingdon and vicinity to meet at the house of William Jackson on Saturday, the 8th day of January, 1820. Nothing more is known of the parish till 1821, when Rev. Charles G. Snowden was rector, with two wardens, and a regularly chosen vestry. In 1823, Rev. Norman Nash became rector, but from 1824 to 1836 no record appears in the minute-book. In the latter year services were held in the Presbyterian Church by Rev. J. M. Whiteside, of Lancaster, and Right Rev. Bishop Onderdonk visited the parish and held service in the German Reformed Church. In the autumn of that year Rev. J. T. Hoff became rec tor, and an unsuccessful effort was made to erect a church. From 1838 till 1844 there are no records, but it is known that Rev. G. G. Field became pastor in 1843, and in 1844 ground was purchased and a church building commenced, which was finished in the fol lowing year, and consecrated by Right Rev. Bishop Potter. In the erection of this church the parish was aided by the Ladies' Missionary Society of Christ Church, Philadelphia, and a tablet was placed in the church to the memory of Rev. John Waller James, a rector of that church, who came here in pursuit of health, but died Aug. 14, 1836. This society also for a long time aided in the support of the church. Mr. J. W. Claghorn, of Philadelphia, presented the church with their bell, and Mr. J. H. Shoenberger, of Pitts burgh, donated the baptismal font. The following priests in succession followed Rev. Mr. Field, who retired in 1849 : Revs. William H. Bourns, 1849; Alexander McLeod, D.D., 1853; Mr. Oliver, 1857; T. Byllesby, 1860; Mr. Dupuy, 1862; J. Abercrombie, 1863; Mr. Barrow, 1864; J. W. Jones, 1865; John Hewitt, 1869; Mr. Boyle, 1870; Charles H. Meade, 1873-78. In 1879 the parish be came a missionary station, since which it has been in charge of Bevs. T. D. Tongue, A. G. Barrow, C. E. D. Griffith, and J. McGregor, who took charge May 1, 1882. Services are also held by Mr. W. B. Humes, a licensed lay-reader, who is also superintendent of the Sunday-school and a faithful church-worker. Reformed Church.— No recorded date of the or ganization of this congregation can be found.- There was preaching here by a Reformed minister as early as 1806. The old church, on the corner of Fifth and Mifflin Streets, was built in 1815, at a cost, including ground, of three hundred and twenty-two pounds ten shillings, and at that time the elders were Peter Swoope and Martin Graffius. In 1826 one Wilhelm An Dyke preached here, but how long he remained is not known. The church was repaired in 1829 at a cost of $34.12, and from that time to July, 1845, there is no record. Under that date the following appears: " As will be seen by a reference that there have been no proceedings or register of this congregation, that was many years ago organized in the town of Hunt ingdon." July 6, 1845, the congregation, consisting of thirty members, was reorganized, during the pastorate of Rev. George W. Williard. The elders elected were John S. Patton and Isaac Lininger; Deacons, Peter C. Swoope and Frederic Krell. Mr. Williard resigned in March, 1847, and in April following Rev. Henry Heckerman was elected pastor. Rev. William R. Deitrick fol lowed him, and a few years later Rev. Samuel H. Reid became pastor. It was during Mr. Reid's pastorate — in 1857-58 — that the present church edifice was erected, on the corner of Sixth and Church Streets. Mr. Reid resigned about 1863, and was followed by Rev. J. S. Keiffer, who served sixteen months. Rev. Lewis D. Steckel succeeded him, and continued till the spring of 1872, when the present pastor, Rev. A. G. Dole, accepted a call, and entered on his duties on the 1st of November of the same year. During Mr. Dole's pastorate the church has been remodeled, at a cost of four hundred dollars, and the congrega tion has increased from ninety-six to one hundred and seventy-one members. The Sabbath-school has been faithfully kept up. The present superintendent is Deacon Alexander N. Campbell, and the school and Bible classes number from ninety to one hundred. Church of the United Brethren in Christ of Huntingdon. — This society was organized in 1871 with fourteen members. They first worshiped in private houses, but on the organization of the society measures were taken for the erection *bf a church building. This was dedicated July 16, 1871. It stands on the corner of Mifflin and Twelfth Streets. It is a wooden structure, with a seating capacity of three hundred. Its cost was two thousand three hundred dollars, and the society is free from debt. The preachers have been Revs. Joseph Metzger, J. Roat, Isaiah Potter, 1873-74; M. P. Doyle, 1875- 77 ; L. Jones, 1878-79 ; R. S. Woodard, 1880-81 ; and the present pastor, E. A. Zeek, 1882. It is worthy of remark that most of the members of this society are railroad employes. HUNTINGDON BOROUGH. 465 Colored Churches. — In 1849 the African Metho dist Episcopal Church in Huntingdon was organized. Previous to that time the colored people here had worshiped without any formal organization. The first place of worship was a log building that had been used for a colored school. It still stands, on the south side of Church Street, and it is used as a dwell ing. A division occurred among the colored people here at an early date, and separate organizations have since been maintained. Among the clergymen who have ministered to these congregations the following are remembered : Revs. . Chambers, John Hanson, William Walters, Jacob Brooks, J. Boyer, Isaac Prindle, Thomas W. Henry, John R. Henry, James Grimes, Edward Ham mond, John Hirley, William West, Williams, Jonathan Dart, John Hutchinson, John M. Coleman, William P. Ross, Cornelius Asbury, William Lewis, James Jones, J. R. Henderson, George J. Clift, .Philip Lum, John Coxe, Singleton T. Jones, Jacob Hamer, Daniel Matthews, Isaac Whiting, Nathan Williams, Thomas Hamilton, Richard Forman, John Terry, James Ross, Solomon Whiting, and John Fiddler. Brethren's Normal College.— During the early years of the existence of the Brethren Church in this country the membership was generally opposed to education, in the belief that it tended to " worldly- mindedness," and led away from the " simplicity of the gospel," but in later years a strong sentiment grew up in favor of a more liberal education than the public schools afforded, and there were those in the church who felt that schools should be organized by the Brethren, and under their control, where the chil dren of the fraternity and others, the young of both sexes, could receive an education free from the con taminating influences of fashionable life, and sur rounded by such influences as would not prejudice their minds against any of the doctrines of the Bible. The first definite move toward the end designed was made in the fall of 1861, when Elder James Quinter, associating with himself other competent persons, opened a school at New Vienna, Ohio, which con tinued in successful operation, with a good patronage, until closed' by the absorbing influences of the war of the Rebellion two years later. Bourbon College was next purchased and tried, but failed through financial and other difficulties. Still later an effort was made at Plum Creek, Pa., and a school was started by Elder Lewis Kimmel, and continued for several years. A general move was made to establish a college at Ber lin, Pa., with a large endowment fund, but was never consummated. In March, 1876, at a conference between Elder H. B. Brumbaugh and J. B. Brumbaugh, then publishers of The Pilgrim, in Huntingdon, and still of the publish ing firm of Quinter & Brumbaugh Brothers, and Dr. A. B. Brumbaugh, their cousin, of the same place, while discussing the school projects and their prospects, the 30 doctor, who had the possibility of establishing a school at Huntingdon in prospect for years, proposed " that while they are asking for an endowment fund at Berlin, and trying to sell scholarships at Plum Creek, we start a school here, and ask for students only, and do such good work that the school will commend itself." This was nobly seconded by the others, one offering to board the teacher, " free if need be," and the other to " furnish the room." J. B. Brumbaugh was designated to correspond with Jacob M. Zuck, of Clay Lick, Pa., who was known to him as a young man of more than ordinary ability in teaching, and by them thought to be the proper man for the place, and who was looking for just such an opportunity, and full of the spirit of the work, and who proved to be the efficient pioneer of a work fraught with so much of importance to the future of the church and its doctrines. He was secured, and accordingly, on the 17th day of April, 1876, the school was opened in a room in the Pilgrim building (since the Primitive Christian), owned by Elder H. B. Brumbaugh, who did very much to the further success of the enterprise by his.liberality and enterprise, and from the election of the " temporary trustees" to the present has been president of the board of trustees. The school opened with three students in attendance, — Miss Beckie Cor nelius, of Shirleysburg, Miss Maggie D. Miller and Gaius M. Brumbaugh, of Huntingdon. By the close of the first term the number of students had reached seventeen, and at the opening of the fall term it was found necessary to provide more room for the accom modation of the increasing number of students at tracted by the popularity of the school, and the large building No. 1224 Washington Street was secured and occupied until its overcrowding demanded still greater facilities. On the 27th day of January, 1877, steps were taken looking toward the erection of a suitable building to accommodate the increasing patronage, and to estab lish the school on a permanent basis. A committee was appointed to draft resolutions, etc. The com mittee consisted of Elder James Quinter, Dr. A. B. Brumbaugh, and Professor J. M. Zuck, and reported the following : "We, the committee appointed at a school-meeting of the Brethren at Huntingdon, Pa., Jau. 27, 1877, to draft resolutions, etc., report the following : " Wuebeas, the subject of education has been before the fraternity of the Brethren for a number of years, and many have felt the need of a school surrounded by the proper moral influences ; and, whereas, Brother J. M. Zuck has opened a school in the town of Huntingdon, Pa., known as the Huntingdon Normal School, which has met with encouragement aud has awakened a decided interest on the part of Brethren and others, ¦ and apparently only needs better accommodations to make it a complete success ; and, whereas, all acknowledge Huntingdon to be a good loca tion for a school such' as we need, in order that we may retain, develop, and utilize the talent that otherwise might be lost to the church ; there fore "Resolved (1), That we will make an effort to raise the necessary funds to establish an educational institution in the town of Huntingdon, Pa., and that to this .end we will respectfully but earnestly solicit the co operation and assistance of our brethren and others friendly to the cause. 466 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA; "Resolved (2), That we commend to the serious and prayerful consid eration of our brethren the educational project set on foot by the Breth ren in the aforesaid town of Huntingdon, and appeal to all who can do so to lend a helping hand in the way of donating or subscribing to the fund to be known as the 'Huntingdon School Fund.' 11 Resolved (3), That although we shall aim to get as many of the Brethren as possible interested in this enterprise, yet we approach all such Brethren in an individual rather than in a church capacity, and hence this measure ought to be regardod as a private or individual en terprise, and concerns only those who are, or may become, friendly to the cause. " Resolved (4), That the Brethren who have inaugurated this move ment, residing iu the town of Huntiugdou, be and are hereby constituted a board of temporary trustees, who shall elect their own officers, appoint a general agent or solicitor, and take such other steps as may be neces sary in order to carry out the work in which they have engaged. "Resolved (5), That the temporary trustees of the Huntingdon school fund and the subscribers and donors to said fund enter into the following articles of agreement : "Article I. Design. — The design of this fund shall be to establish a school or institution of learning that will provide the young of both sexes with such educational advantages as will fit them for the duties and responsibilities of life, and more especially to secure these advan tages to the youth of our own fraternity at such a place and surrounded by such influences as will not prejudice their minds against any of the doctrines of the Bible as believed and practiced by the Brethren. " Article II. Board of Trustees. — A board of nine trustees, all of whom shall he Brethren, and at lenst five of whom shall reside in the vicinity of the school and constitute a quorum, shall be elected by and from among the stockholders, each share of one hundred doUare enti tling the holder to one vote. The first election shall be held at such a place and time as may be agreed upon by the temporary trustees, at which election threo members shall be elected for three years, three for two, and three for one year, according to the respectivo number of votes, those receiving the greatest number of votes to serve the longest periods of time. After the first year elections shall be held annually, or as often as may be necessary in order to fill vacancies, and the Brethren thus elected shall serve for a period of three years, and shall be subject to re-election at the pleasure of the stockholders. Said board of trustees shall have discretionary powers in all that pertains to the welfare of the school"; and the duties of its members shall he tho same as are generally required of such officers in similar institutions. "Article III. Manner of Raising Funds. — The temporary trustees Bhall appoint a brother as general agent and solicitor, whose duty it shall be, in connection with such sub-agents as may be appointed by him, to secure a sufficient amount of subscriptions and donations to enable the trustees to carry out the design specified iu Article I. "Article IV. Distribution of Funds. — Sec. 1. All stock subscriptions shall be applied to the purchase of a plot of ground and the erection thereupon of suitable buildings, said ground and buildings to be the property of the stockholders, and in the event of sale the proceeds thereof shall revert to said stockholders. " Sec. 2. All donations shall be known as the stock of the school, and, unless otherwise ordered by the donors or the board of trustees, shall be applied to the providing of the above-named buildings with the neces sary furniture, hooks, apparatus, etc., all of which articles Bhall be tlie property of the school, and Bhall be under the care and supervision of the principal; and, moreover, all dividends and proceeds accruing from the aforesaid donations shall be applied to the up-building of the school or to the promotion of the cause of education in such other ways as may he agreed upon by the principal and the board of trustees. "Article "V. Obligation. — The following obligation shall head all lists of subscriptions or donations: "'We, the undersigned, subscribers [or donors] to the Huntingdon school fund, agree to pay the several sums opposite our respective names, one-half to be paid on demand of the chief solicitor for said fund and the other half within six months from the first payment.' "Resolved (6), That the original subscription liBts, with a transcript of the same alphabetically arranged, and a copy of these resolutions, to gether with a record of the temporary trustees, and of other matters of importance connected with the founding of the school, be kept in its archives for use and reference in the future. " Respectfully submitted, "Elder James Quinter, " Da. A. B. Brumbaugh, "Professor J. M. Zuck, " Committee. " The foregoing report being approved at a meeting of the Brethren at Huntingdon, Pa., Feb. 2, 1877, and sanctioned at a council meetiug of the Brethren in the James Creek congregation, Huntingdon County Pa' Feb. 3, 1877, the following Brethren, according to the resolution are' constituted a board of temporary trustees: "James Quinter. "J. M. Zuck, " H. B. Brumbaugh. " J. B. Brumbaugh. "A. B. Brumbaugh. "J. w. Beer." A beautiful site, consisting of an entire block of lots on an elevated portion of the borough of Hunt ingdon, between Seventeenth and Eighteenth and Moore and Oneida Streets, was purchased by the Board of Trade, and donated to the trustees for the use of the school. The building was completed in the winter of 1878-79, and was first occupied for the spring term of 1879. A charter of incorporation was granted by the court Nov. 18, 1878, giving the insti tution " power to confer upon students at graduation diplomas and literary degrees," under the name Brethren's Normal College. The college building stands on high ground, over looking the town and many miles of the adjacent country. It is substantially built of brick, in the form of a cross, eighty-four by one hundred and two feet, four stories high, covered with slate, and is ad mirably adapted to the purposes of the institution, and makes a pleasant and comfortable normal home' for teachers and students of both sexes. The base ment story contains a large dining-room, pantry, kitchen, laundry, store-room, rooms for employes, etc. On the main floor are the principal's oflice, library, reception-room, two recitation-rooms, and the chapel, a large room, which will seat from five hundred to six hundred persons. The chapel is the general as sembly-room, and here the students meet for devo tional exercises, to hear announcements, receive their letters, etc. The next story is laid out into recitation1 rooms, teachers' rooms, sleeping apartments for lady students, closets, study-rooms for lady day-studenta, and book-room. There is a private stairway for lady students leading up from the basement. The upper story consists entirely of dormitories for gentlemen students. From the top of the building there is a grand outlook over the town and surrounding coun try. The view is one that will delight the eye of any one who can appreciate the beauties of natural scenery. Many beautiful pictures have been painted on the canvas of Pennsylvania by the Great Artist, but our picturesque State contains few lovelier scenes than that which greets the admiring gaze of the stu dents from the Brethren's Normal College. The school was commenced as a private enterprise, under Professor Jacob M. Zuck, who soon found it necessary to associate with himself other teachers. Miss Phebe W. Markley was the first assistant, then Professor J. H. Brumbaugh, and these three formed the first faculty as elected by the temporary trustees, Feb. 28, 1879, when Professor J. M. Zuck was elected president and principal, and Professor J. H. Brum baugh secretary. Other teachers, and for different I '. at u tMH, /fe&Lje^ HUNTINGDON BOROUGH. 467 ; departments, were secured from time to time as re quired, among whom was David Emmert, the artist, and founder of the Orphans' Home, and who still : holds a position in the faculty. Professor Zuck died i May 11, 1879, aged thirty-three years, from pneu- ' monia, sincerely lamented by all who knew him, having accomplished a work and erected a monument more lasting in the perpetuation of his memory than tablets of stone. His was a pure life, devoted to the best interests of humanity and the cause of the Great Master, who. will own his work. At the organization of the board of trustees under the charter, July 9, 1879, Elder James Quinter was elected president of the college, which position he still holds, and Professor J. ¦ H. Brumbaugh was elected principal to fill the place made vacant by the death of Professor Zuck, and which position he held until the office of principal was abolished in 1881, when he was elected secretary of the institution, and still remains a valued member of the faculty. In the spring of 1878, J. N. Beer removed from Huntingdon, and Elder W. J. Swigart was elected to fill his place on the board of temporary trustees, and still forms one of the business quorum of the regular board, which consists of Elder H. B. Brumbaugh, president ; Dr. A. B. Brumbaugh, secretary ; Elder James Quinter, J. B. Brumbaugh, and Elder W. J. Swigart, treasurer, and member of the faculty. The board of trustees has been increased by the charter to fifteen, five of whom are elected annually. From the opening of the school it has been highly successful, and has had among its patrons earnest young men and women from a majority of the States of the Union and the foreign countries of Denmark and Mexico. The first class that was graduated from a Brethren's school was at the commencement, July 3, 1879, when the degree of Bachelor in English was conferred upon M. Linnie Besserman, of Polo, Mo., Phebe B,. Norris, of Gettysburg, Pa., and Gaius M. Brumbaugh, of Huntingdon. The successive classes have consisted of six, seven, and nine members each. It continues to be, as it was the parent, the leading school of the denomination in the United States, and holds a favorable position among the educational in stitutions of the State. James Quinter, son of John and Mary Quinter, was born at Philadelphia, Feb. 1, 1816. His father, a farmer, died at Phcenixville, Chester Co., Pa., leav ing his wife with three children (son James and two daughters) in very moderate circumstances. The j duties of helping to support the family now devolved upon James, who was but thirteen years old. He 'f had been attending school up to his father's death, and his mother was anxious and did what she could to have him continue. When fifteen years of age he went to live with Abel Fitzwater on a farm. . During his residence with this family he was converted, and became a member of the German Baptist (Dunkard) Church. He has always felt under great obligations to the Fitzwater family for the formation of his character. Some time after wards he commenced to learn the blacksmith trade with his brother-in-law, and after working six months he concluded that the business woulfl not suit him ; so, having. a desire for knowledge, turned his atten tion to study, with a view of preparing himself for teaching. In the spring of 1834 he began teach ing school, with the help and encouragement of friends, at Fort Providence, Montgomery Co., Pa. He was called to the ministry in 1838, by the " Green Tree Church" of Montgomery County. . About four years afterwards he went to Fayette County, Pa., where he preached at the " Georges Creek Church" for fourteen years. He married Mary Ann, daughter of Daniel Moser. In 1855 he became assistant editor of The Gospel Visitor, a monthly paper published by Elder Henry Kurts, in Mahoning County, Ohio. It was humorously, and with a good deal of truth, said by an editor of that day that The Gospel Visitor is published in the loft of a milk-house in the back woods of Ohio, and three miles from the post-office. Such was the beginning of periodical literature in the German Baptist fraternity. In a short time after wards this publishing-office was moved to the village of Columbiana, Ohio. Elder Kurtz now retired from business, and his son Henry took his place. For Elder Kurtz, Elder Quinter had the highest regard, and was greatly attached to him. In 1866 the office was removed to Covington, Ohio, and again in 1869 to Dayton, Ohio. In 1873, Elder Quinter purchased his partner's interest in The Gospel Visitor, and at the same time purchased of H. B. Holsinger The Christian Family Companion, and united the two papers under the name of The Primitive Christian, publishing it now at Meyersdale, Somerset Co., Pa., the place the Chris tian Family Companion had been published. In 1876 he combined The Primitive Christian with The Pil grim. The latter had been commenced and pub lished by H. B. & J. B. Brumbaugh, of Huntingdon, Pa., and the consolidated paper continues to be pub lished at Huntingdon by the firm of Quinter & Brum baugh Brothers. At the death of Professor Zuck, which occurred in 1879, Elder Quinter became president of " Hunting don Normal College," an institution founded by Pro fessor Zuck for the education of the youth of the German Baptist Church, of which its founder was a member and a zealous Christian worker. The patron age of the college, however, is not confined to this church, but is open to all. Elder Quinter has taken great interest in introduc ing educational facilities into the Christian fraternity of which he is a member, believing that a sanctified education will add to the usefulness of both sexes in all their callings in life. He went to New Vienna, Clinton Co., Ohio, in 1861, for the purpose of open ing an academy, which was continued two years with 4b'S HISTOEY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. reasonable success, though begun under unfavorable circumstances. Owing to the disturbed condition of the country, caused by the war of the Bebellion, it was discontinued. He was assisted in this enterprise, which was the beginning of educational work in the German Baptist fraternity, by Professor O. W. Miller and Mrs. C. A. Haas. In 1856 he met with a sad domestic affliction in the death of his wife. He was left with a little daughter three years old, who is now the wife of Elder J. T. Meyers, who is a minister in the church in which Elder Quinter formerly labored. In 1860 he was married to Fannie, daughter of John Studebaker, of Troy, Ohio. Elder Quinter was ordained bishop in 1856,- and has traveled thousands of miles in preaching the gospel in a number of States. He has been strongly attached to the church of his choice, and he has labored long for its edification, sanctification, and en largement. He has held a number of public discus sions in defense of the doctrines he holds and preaches, not that he was fond of controversy, but at the urgent request of his brethren, and he never yielded to their request in such work unless he thought duty required it. Sunday-School Association. — At a general meet ing of the " Huntingdon Sunday-School Association," held on Monday, the 21st day of December, 1818, the following appointments were made for the ensuing six months : President, Mrs. Eliza Smith ; Vice-Presi dents, Mrs. Pennell and Mrs. Smart1; Secretary, Mrs. Letitia N. Smith ; Treasurer, Dr. James Coffey ; Di rectresses, Mrs. Jane Smith, Mrs. Letitia N. Smith, Mrs. Mary Henderson,2 Mrs. Marshall, Mrs. Martha Miller, Mrs. L. J. Maize, Mrs. Keim, Mrs. F. Jack son,5. Mrs. McKennan,4 Mrs. Hildebrand,5 Mrs. Betsy Haines, Miss Ann Simpson.6 A notice in the Gazette, April 1, 1819, signed J. Coffey, treasurer, and L. N. Smith, secretary, requests subscribers to the "Huntingdon Sunday-school" to pay their subscriptions. From this pioneer society, there grew in time the several denominational schools of the town. Banks.— Huntingdon Bank.— A limited partner ship was formed April 16, 1813, by John Canan, John Henderson, Abraham Vantries, John Shaver, Peter Swoope, William Orbison, Robert Provinse, Samuel Steel, A. McConnell, William E. Smith, Jacob Miller, Martin Graffius, John Miller, Joseph McCune, and William McAlevy, Jr., for the purpose of transacting a banking business, under the name of "the presi dent and directors of the Huntingdon Bank." The bank went into operation, with William Orbi son president, and William R. Smith cashier, on 1 Wife of John Smart, a Seceder (United Presbyterian). 2 Wife of Dr. John Henderson. 8 Wife of William Jackson and mother of George. * Wife of John McKennan, school-teacher. 5 Wife of John Hildebrand. 8 Afterwards Mrs. William Curry. Tuesday, Nov. 16, 1813. The Gazette said, "The es tablishment of a bank in this place has already pro duced two important but very opposite effects upon shaving. One species of it has dwindled to nothing, while the other has risen one hundred per cent, ac cording to the late regulation of ' John, the Barber.'" Officers for 1814: William Orbison, president; Wil liam R. Smith, cashier; and A. McConnell, Peter Swoope, Jacob Miller, Samuel Steel, John Miller, James Saxton, Abraham Vantries, John Canan, Max well Kinkead, Dr. P. Shoenberger, Th. H. Stewart, Jacob Isett, Ch. Garber, and William McGimsey,' directors. The Legislature, March 21, 1814, passed over the veto of Governor Snyder " An act regulating banks," which provided for the incorporation of a large num ber of banks of issue throughout the commonwealth. This act authorized William Orbison, Samuel Steel William B. Smith, Thomas H. Stewart, Robert Prov inse, Jacob Isett, and Abraham Vantries to open books and take subscriptions of stock for a bank to be located at Huntingdon. Under this law the Hunt ingdon Bank was reorganized. These commissioners gave notice in the Gazette, March 31st, that books would be opened, at several places in the couuty, in pursuance of the act mentioned. An organization was effected on the 15th day of November following, when the executive officers of the old organization were chosen for the same places in the new one. The business was commenced in the stone house at the northeast corner of Allegheny and Third Streets, but afterward removed to a one-story brick building that had been erected for the accommodation of the bank, on the present site of the First National Bank building. After a few years Jacob Miller suc ceeded William R. Smith as cashier. December, 1818, the Huntingdon Bank suspended specie payments on all sums above five dollars. Nov. 30, 1819, James Saxton elected president, and Wil liam Orbison, cashier, in the room of Jacob Miller, resigned. 1819, December, Directors, James Saxton (presi dent), Alexander McConnell, Peter Swoope, Martin Graffius, Samuel Steel, David Newingham, John Keim, Conrad Bucher, Philip Roller, M. Kinkead, Edward Bell, Jacob Miller, and Joseph Adams. 1st November, 1820, it had $31,400 of notes in cir culation, and $9859.43 of specie on hand. After an existence of fifteen or eighteen years the bank was closed, its affairs'settled, and provision made for the redemption of its outstanding notes. Hunt ingdon remained without banking facilities until 1854, when the banking-house of Bell, Gaeeettson & Co. was opened, July 7th, on the northwest corner of Penn and Fourth Streets. The firm consisted of James M. Bell, R. B. Johnston, William Jack, and William M. Lloyd, of Hollidays burg ; and A. P. Wilson, J. George Miles, William Dorris, Jr., Thomas Fisher, William. P. Orbison, John , 'fy&i Vbt£SarlG.iri" HUNTINGDON BOROUGH. 4 GO Scott, James Gwin, and George W. Garrettson, the latter being the cashier. Messrs. Johnston, Jack, Lloyd, Wilson, and Miles retired from the firm after a few years, and the bank was removed to the north east corner of Penn and Fifth Streets. In 1863 it was merged into The Fiest National Bank, No. 31, which was organized July 22d, when the following officers were elected : James M. Bell, Thomas Fisher was born Jan. 20, 1802. After the death of his parents, which occurred when he was very young, he went to live with Mrs. Dorland, his maternal aunt, whose family are mentioned in the history of Huntingdon County. In 1816 young Thomas went into the store of Samuel Maxwell, at Huntingdon Furnace, as a clerk. In 1822 he came to Huntingdon and began clerking in the store of president; James Gwin, vice-president; and George ! William Dorris, where he remained four years; then H IP Mpl WSm &B3 HI m .... ¦ // ¦ y ¦'V/v./^////- wmmmm WML iSk wmm m •-Ms'- m SHINPLASTER OF HUNTINGDON BANK. W. Garrettson, cashier; who with Thomas Fisher, John Scott, W. P. Orbison, and William Dorris, Jr., constituted the board of directors. Mr. Bell, who died June 4, 1870, was succeeded as president June 8, 1870, by W. P. Orbison, who filled the position until Jan. 8, 1878, when Thomas Fisher was elected, and he is the present incumbent. Mr. Garrettson acted as cashier (in the old and new organizations) for nearly twenty-seven years, resigning April 23, 1881. John H. Glazier was elected teller Jan. 13, 1870, and subsequently was chosen assistant cashier. He retired July 1, 1881, when the bank was reorgan ized as follows : Thomas Fisher, president ; J. Simp son Africa, cashier ; S. Cloyd Seibert, teller ; Henry E. Miller, book-keeper; and James Gwin, messenger. The present board of directors is composed of Thomas Fisher, William Dorris, Horatio G. Fisher, Edward B. Iaett, David P. Gwin, John M. Bailey, and William M. Phillips. The capital stock, which was at first $100,000, was afterward increased to $150,000, but subsequently reduced to the original amount.. The bank is located at No. 326 Penn Street, in a building erected on the site of the old Huntingdon Bank. Under an act of Congress approved July 12, 1882, the comptroller of the currency issued his certificate extending the corporate existence of the bank until the close of business on the 20th day of July, 1902. went into partnership with David McMurtrie, also at Huntingdon, in the grain business, in connection with merchandise. In 1855 the firm of Fisher & McMur trie bought from J. Edgar Thomson water-right and mill-right, and built what is known as "The Hunt ingdon Mills." This firm was dissolved in 1860 by mutual consent. In 1863 the firm was made Fisher & Sons (Thomas Fisher, H. G. and T. C. Fisher), and the business is still conducted under the same firm-name. They handled thirty-six thousand bushels of grain in 1882. They sold their interests in the store in 1873. In March, 1829, Thomas Fisher married Rachel, daughter of William and Frances Jackson. To them were born ten children, — Frances, Rebecca, Mary, Horatio G., Willemina, Thomas C, John A., Letitia B., Catharine, and Belle. Frances married Dr. Elwood Andrew, of Peoria, 111. ' They are both dead. Rebecca died at the age of seventeen years. Mary married R. A. Miller. Horatio G. Fisher married Margaret Gwin. (See biography of Hon. H. G. Fisher.) Willemina and John A. died in 1854. Thomas C. Fisher married Isabella, daughter of Hon. John D. Creigh,who recently died in San Fran cisco, Cal. Mr. Fisher and his wife have adopted two 470 HISTOEY OP HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. children. Their names are Rachel Jackson Fisher and Williamson Creigh Fisher. Letitia B. married Hon. John M. Baily (attorney), of Huntingdon. Catharine married J. C. Blair, the manufacturing stationer of Huntingdon. Belle is living at home. Besides the grain business, Thomas Fisher and his sons are engaged in other enterprises as follows : The firm of Fishers & Miller consists of Thomas Fisher, H. G. Fisher, T. C. Fisher, and R. A. Miller, who are now owners of what is known as the Jesse Cook farms, have one colliery in operation, and are open ing another. Fisher Brothers & Miller are H. G. Fisher, T. C. Fisher, and R. A. Miller, proprietors, miners, and shippers of the celebrated Excelsior bitu minous coal ; their office is in Huntingdon. Thomas Fisher is president of the First National Bank of Huntingdon, where he now resides, honored and respected by all of his acquaintances, and revered by all as a man of sterling worth, and a model of business integrity. J. Simpson Afeica. — Mr. Africa is, on the pater nal side, of German ancestry, his great-grandfather, Christopher Africa, having emigrated from near Hanover and settled at Germantown (now part of Philadelphia). Subsequently he removed to Hano ver, in York County. He and his family were Lu therans, as is shown by the records of that church at the latter place. He had two sons, Michael and Jacob, the former of whom, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, married Miss Catharine Graf fius, at York, removed to Huntingdon in 1791, and purchased the property now owned and occupied by his grandson. He was one of the founders of, and an elder in, the Lutheran Church at that place. There Daniel Africa was born in 1794. He was a man of prominence and influence in the community, was deputy surveyor for Huntingdon County from 1824 till 1830, and was for twenty -two years a justice of the peace. His knowledge of the law was much more thorough and extensive than that usually possessed by magistrates. He was familiar with many of the English and American decisions, especially with those of the Pennsylvania courts, and kept a book in which he .noted a great number of important cases. Many of these related to the land laws. His son was his constant student and companion. The great-grandfather of our subject on his mother's side was James Murray, a native of Scotland, who came to America about the year 1730, at a very early age, and settled in Paxton, Lancaster (now Dauphin) Co., and who was a captain of one of the Lancas ter companies in the Revolutionary war. A daughter married John Simpson, of Bucks County, who also saw service in the war for our independence. This couple were the parents of the wife of Daniel and mother of J. Simpson Africa. The latter was born in the town of Huntingdon, on the 15th day of September, 1832, and has therefore attained his fiftieth year. He was educated in the public schools and in the Huntingdon Academy which afforded him all the opportunities that were necessary to fit him for his active and successful busi ness life. He has, however, continued to be a student as all must do who are engaged in practical profes sional pursuits. After leaving school he commenced the practice of surveying and civil engineering with his father and with his uncle, James Simpson, the latter having been his principal instructor. His first work, after completing his studies, was with Samuel W. Mifflin, chief engineer on the Huntingdon and Broad Top Railroad, in 1853. The locating of the road was commenced in January, but Mr. Africa was called away by other duties before the close of the year. The intimate friendship then formed between himself and Mr. Mifflin remains uninterrupted until this day. _ Mr. Africa's distinguishing characteristic in his business, professional, and public life has been unde- viating carefulness and accuracy. Combined with his conscientiousness in this respect is his long expe rience as a surveyor, his field extending over the State from New Jersey almost to the Ohio line. So perfect is his familiarity with the land titles of Pennsylvania, that no suits are tried in Huntingdon, and but few in neighboring counties, involving questions of title, in which his knowledge is not required to unravel the mysteries and aid in the administration of justice. He has been pronounced by competent authority the best surveyor in Central Pennsylvania, and has not his superior in the State, if anywhere. Mr. Africa has been identified with the leading business enterprises of Huntingdon, and has given assistance and encouragement to every desirable public improvement. He has contributed his time and labor to the welfare and prosperity of the borough as a member of Councils, having been elected burgess ¦in 1854, 1855, and 1869, becoming chief burgess in 1871, his last election being for three years. He is now cashier of the First National Bank of Huntingdon. The first office filled by Mr. Africa was that of county surveyor, to which he was elected in October, 1853. When nominated by the Democratic County Convention as a candidate for the office he had not attained his twenty-first year, and had passed it but a few weeks when elected. The Whig majority in the county at that time was about three hundred, but Mr. Africa was elected by a majority of one hundred and sixty-five. His Whig opponent was taken entirely by surprise, and could scarcely believe the figures that told the result. Mr. Africa was a candidate for re election in 1856, and again ran so far ahead of his ticket that the result was a tie vote between him and his opponent and a failure to elect. He held over until the following year, when he insisted that the court should make an appointment, and they ap pointed the Whig candidate who last ran against him. HUNTINGDON BOROUGH. 471 During the sessions of 1858 and 1859 he was one of the clerks of the State Senate. His next election by the people of Huntingdon County was as their repre sentative in the Legislature in 1859. The majority in the county had changed from Whigto Republican, and it was against the candidate of the latter party that Mr. Africa was successful. He was among the ablest and most intelligent members of the body, serving on important committees, and both on the floor and in committee exerted a great influence upon its proceedings. The duty of organizing the Department of Internal Affairs devolved upon the first incumbent elected after the adoption of the Constitution of 1873, by which the office was created. It was in recognition of his eminent fitness for the place that Mr. Africa was ap pointed deputy secretary by Gen. McCandless when the latter entered upon the duties of the office in 1875. Mr. Africa's knowledge and experience peculiarly qualified him above every other man in the common wealth for putting the new department into success ful operation. The entire labor and responsibility of doing so devolved upon him, and it is well known to the people of the State how faithfully the duty was performed, and how creditably and honorably he ac quitted himself in the important trust. The depart ment owes its efficiency to-day to the thorough and practical manner in which it was organized by Mr. Africa. With a view not only of continuing him in the oflice, but of placing him at the head of it, the Democratic State Convention of 1878 nominated him as the candidate for secretary of internal affairs. As it was the year of a most important general election, and as the Republicans thoroughly organized their party and made an active canvass for the success of their ticket and to retain control of the State, the election of Mr. Africa could not be regarded as among the probabilities, but it was evident from the day of his nomination that, even if defeated, the ma jority against him would be much less than that against any other candidate on the Democratic ticket, and there was reason to regard his chances as not en tirely hopeless. The result was highly flattering to Mr. Africa, the majority against him being but 12,159, while that for Hoyt, the Republican candidate for Governor, was about 22,500. His popularity in Hun tingdon County was again attested by a majority for him of 541, while Hoyt's was 337. In 1880, President Hayes appointed him supervisor of the census for the Seventh District of Pennsylva nia, composed of fourteen counties in : the central part of the State, and extending from Clearfield to York. It is unnecessary to say that he displayed :the same fidelity in this position that he has always shown in every public or private station in which he has been placed. Its duties were performed to the entire satisfaction of the department. Though he had never indicated a desire for the nomination, he was in 1882 unanimously made the candidate of the Democratic party in Pennsylvania for the office of secretary of internal affairs, and at the election in November of that year he was chosen for the ensuing term of four years. He has served as secretary and as Worshipful Mas ter of Mount Moriah Lodge, No. 300, F. and A. M., and as secretary and High Priest of Standing Stone Chapter, No. 201. He served on the committee of re vision of the Ahiman Rezon, and he is now a mem ber of the committee of correspondence of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania. In 1853 he became one of the founders of the Standing Stone Banner, a newspaper established at Huntingdon, and was one of the editors and propri etors until it was discontinued, two years later. He is well qualified for editorial work, and would no doubt have been as successful at that as at every thing else he has undertaken had he chosen to devote his efforts to it, being a correct writer -and having command of a very pure English style. He is also well posted on local history, and is often consulted as an authority upon the subject. The sketch of Huntingdon County in Egle's " History of Pennsyl vania" was prepared by him, and Milton S. Lytle, in his "History of Huntingdon County," gives him credit in various places for information furnished. In the practice of his profession he has had access to and has obtained possession of records which have afforded him a vast fund of knowledge and which he has not failed to study to advantage. He married, Jan. 1, 1856, Dorothea C, daughter of Joshua Greenland, then sheriff of the county. Their surviving children are three sons, viz. : B. Franklin, James Murray, and Walter G. Mr. Africa's admirable character is the result of deep-seated moral and religious convictions. He be longs to the Presbyterian Church at Huntingdon, is a member of the board of trustees and treasurer for the congregation. The next financial institution was the banking- house of John Baee & Co., opened Oct. 17, 1866, on Fourth Street, near Allegheny, the firm being composed of John Bare, William H. Woods, Peter M. Bare, and William P. McLaughlin. July 20, 1869, this house was succeeded by The Union Bank of Hunting don, with a capital of $50,000, and William H. Woods, R. Milton Speer, William B. Leas, James North, and David Barrick, stockholders. The capi tal was subsequently increased to $100,000. The stockholders now are : James North, David Barrick, R. Milton Speer, K. Allen Lovell, and C. C. North. The officers are C. C. North, cashier; James C. Long, teller ; and Alfred McCahan, messenger. The bank is located at No. 113 Fourth Street. The Huntingdon Bank was opened Nov. 15, 1881, at No. 309 Third Street, with John H. Glazier, cashier. 472 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Masonic. — At a special communication of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Penn sylvania, held at Philadelphia, July 12, 1792, "a petition was received from a number of brethren praying for a warrant to hold a lodge at the town of Huntingdon, in the county of Huntingdon, and com monwealth of Pennsylvania ; whereupon, on motion and seconded, Resolved, That the prayer of the peti tioners be granted, and brother Grand Secretary was directed to make out a warrant in the names of John Cadwallader, Master ; John Marshall, Senior Warden ; and William Kerr, Junior Warden ; the said lodge to be called No. 55." This warrant, preserved among the archives of Mount Moriah Lodge, No. 300, bears the signatures of J. B. Smith, Grand Master ; Joseph Few, Deputy Grand Master; J. McCree, Senior Grand Warden, pro tern. ; Gavin Hamilton, Junior Grand Warden ; P. Le Barbier Duplessis, Grand Sec retary; and Benjamin Mason, Grand Treasurer. On the same day John Cadwallader was duly installed and proclaimed by the Grand Lodge as Master of lodge No. 55. The lodge was duly constituted soon after, but as its records have been destroyed or lost an account of its officers or members cannot be given. At the Grand Quarterly Communication of the Grand Lodge, held Dec. 1, 1800, a petition of brethren was read asking for a warrant to hold a lodge in the town of Alexandria, Huntingdon Co., and nominating Samuel Marshall as Master, John Crawford, Senior Warden, and John Buchanan, Junior Warden. The petition was granted, and a warrant directed to be issued and numbered 85. The lodge was duly constituted. The Grand Master, Jonathan Bayard Smith, by special deputation issued under his hand and the seal of the Grand Lodge, dated May 13, 1801, authorized and empowered John Cadwallader, Past Master of lodge No. 55, to visit lodge No. 48 at Bedford, No. 68 at Mifflin, No. 84 at Somerset, and No. 85 at Alexandria, present each with a respectful charge, examine, in spect, and inquire into the state of those lodges and their proceedings, and to " do and perform all such matters and things as to Masonry and the good and advancement of the ancient craft shall appertain, and to make report thereon" to him. A short time there after the Deputy Grand Master made an official re port, the original draft of which shows that he visited all the lodges mentioned in his deputation. He rep resented No. 55 as " flourishing," and says, further, " It is with pleasure I have to remark that although lodge No. 85 was erected amidst a considerable num ber of the members of No. 55, who from convenience of situation attached themselves to No. 85, yet we have the vacancies all filled, with a prospect of increase." But the lodges were located too near each other and the population too small to sustain both, and as a re sult both declined and finally suspended. The war rant for No. 85, it is supposed, was formally surren dered to the Grand Lodge, and that for No. 55 was vacated April 7, 1806. MountMoriah Lodge, No. 178, was chartered June 4, 1821. The charter, signed by Bayse Newcomb, Grand Master ; Thomas Elliott, Deputy Grand Mas ter ; Josiah Randall, Senior Grand Warden'; James Harper, Jr., Junior Grand Warden ; Joseph S. Lewis, Grand Treas. ; and George A. Baker, Grand Sec, ap pointed Wm. R. Smith, Worshipful Master ; Henry Shippen, Senior Warden ; and Christian Denlinger, Junior Warden, and, like the warrant for No. 55, is also preserved by lodge No. 300. On St. John's day, June 24, 1825, a procession was formed by the lodge, and an address adapted to the occasion was delivered at the court-house by Robert Piggot, which was after wards printed in pamphlet form. The 24th of June, 1826, was commemorated in the same manner, and the next year the lodge proceeded to Alexandria, where a sermon and an address were delivered. Rich ard B. McCabe was secretary for several years, and was succeeded in 1827 by Walter Clarke. During the political Anti-Masonic excitement that rose in Hunt ingdon County about this time, and prevailed for some years, lodge No. 178 ceased work. Beside the gentlemen named the following are remembered as being members of that lodge : John Patton, David R. Porter, John Cresswell, Nicholas Cresswell, Israel Graffius, Thomas King, John Nash, William Simpson, Thomas Johnston, and Andrew Johnston, the latter being the only one now surviving. On the 27th of November, 1857, " Mount Moriah Lodge, No. 300," was constituted, and John A. Doyle installed W. M. ; Graffus Miller, S. W. ; and John B. Givin, J. W. The Worshipful Masters since the constitution of the lodge have been John A. Doyle, Graffus Miller, John Scott, Robert King, Wil liam M. Holmes, Edmund H. Turner, R. Allison Miller, Levi Evans, Thomas Barnhart, Joseph Wat son, K. Allen Lovell, Thomas S. Johnston, John M. Bailey, J. Simpson Africa, Alfred Tyhurst, Bobert D. Steel, Martin L. Shaffner, Henry C. Weaver, George B. Orlady, William B. Zeigler, Alexander Elliott, and Richard J. Faust. The number of members on Dec. 27, 1881, was one hundred and twenty-five. The pres ent officers are: W. M., Albert W. Preston; S. W., Franklin H. Lane ; J. W., John W. Black ; Treas., Alexander Port ; Sec, Martin L. Shaffner. At a communication of the Grand Holy Boyal Arch Chapter of Pennsylvania, held May 24, 1827, a petition from a number of companions at Hunting don, praying for a warrant to hold a chapter to be called Mount Moriah, was read, and on motion it was resolved that a warrant should be granted as prayed for, to be numbered 149. A chapter was constituted and continued at work until the causes that produced a suspension of lodge No. 178 led to an abandonment of its organization and the subsequent vacation of the warrant, which bore date May 21, 1827. Standing Stone Chapter, No. 201, was warranted Nov. 20, 1865. On Dec. 27, 1881, it reported forty-four members. Its Past High Priests have been Graffus Miller, Robert pi^!jy.Mi Swoope, William B. Zeigler, and Wil liam Steel, directors, and James Saxton, pipeman. The organization was maintained for a few years, but after several efforts to resuscitate it the company ceased to exist. In 1874 the Phoenix was stationed in the Fourth Ward, and a large and efficient com pany raised to work it. Charles Kershaw was chosen president. Huntingdon Fiee Company, No. 1.— The young men of the borough, anxious that the town should keep up with the progress of the age, began in 1872 to agitate the purchase of a steam fire-engine. The project did not meet with much favor from the con servative element of the citizens. They resolved to do what they could to bring about a consummation of their desire. On the 30th of September, a fair was commenced for the purpose of raising money to be applied to the purchase of a steamer. About one thousand dollars was realized. On the 22d of October the Borough Council authorized the chief burgess to contract with the Silsby Manufacturing Company for a steamer at a cost of five thousand dollars, and for one thousand feet of hose and two hose-carts. On the 31st a company was organized, and the following officers chosen : President, J. Simpson Africa ; Cor responding Secretary, Frank W. Stewart ; Financial Secretary, L. S. Geissinger ; Treasurer, J. W. Green land ; Engineers, John Miller, Lewis Irwin, Aaron Dunsworth ; Firemen, Robert Cozzens, George Schneider ; Directors, William K. Burchinell, James H. Boring, W. F. Cunningham, William H. De Ar- mitt, A. B. Flood, Mordecai Gahagin, Joseph S. Cornman, Henry Leister, Frank W. Stewart, John R. Flenner, Hugh Lindsay, and Thomas W. Bur chinell. The steamer contracted for arrived on Thursday, Jan. 2, 1873. It was a third-class rotary, and bore the name "Huntingdon." On Friday it was subjected to numerous tests, all of which proved satisfactory ; among others was throwing water from the canal up Fifth Street, through a line of hose nine hundred and fifty feet long, over the spire of the Presbyterian Church. The company was incorporated Jan. 14, 1874. Its principal officers have been : Presidents, J. Simpson Africa, 1872, '73, '74, '75, '76, '77, '78, '79, and '80 ; Samuel A. Steel, 1881 and '82 ; Wilson B.Watson, 1883; Treasurers, J. Wilson Greenland, 1872, '73, '74, '75, '76, '77 ; Frank W. Stewart, 1878, '79, '80; Thomas W. Montgomery, 1881; H. Dill Strfckler, 1883 ; Secretaries, Frank W. Stewart, 1872, '73; Samuel A. Steel, 1874, '75, '76, '77, '78, '79; Robert A. Orbison, 1880 ; John A. Port, 1881, '82, '83; Financial Secretaries, L. S. Geissinger, 1872, '73; Homer W. Buchanan, 1874; John C. Miller, 1876, '77; C. C. Read, 1879, '80; H. D. Strickler, 1881 ; John White, Jr., 1883. John Miller has been first engineer of the company since its organization. Huntingdon Fiee Company, No. 2.— In Octo ber, 1880, after a thorough and satisfactory test of a second-class steamer built by the La France Manu facturing Company, the Borough Council purchased it for the sum of four thousand dollars. At the stated meeting of the Council, held in November, the ex pressed desire of company No. 1 to relinquish pos session of the Silsby engine and take charge of the new one was approved, and an ordinance authorizing the transfer was passed. At the same session the custody of the first-named steamer was committed to the Phoenix Company, which became afterward known 476 HISTORY OP HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. as Huntingdon Fire Company, No. 2. A fine build ing for the accommodation of the steamer and for meetings of the company was erected on the north side of Thirteenth Street, between Washington and Mifflin. The principal officers for 1883 are : Presi dent, Charles Kershaw; Secretary, J. W. King; Financial Secretary, Jesse Goodman ; First Engineer, W.. H. Cavender. The Independent Hook-and-Laddee Com pany, No. 1, was organized Oct. 20, 1873. Their truck and ladders were received about the middle of March, 1874. The company, which has preserved an unbroken organization ever since, had then about thirty-five members, and was officered as follows : President, George E. Scott ; Vice-President, Richard Langdon, Jr. ; Treasurer, Lawrence L. Brown ; Sec retary, J. Stewart Africa. On Decoration-day, May 30, 1874, the Hunting don, No. 1, the Juniata, and the Independent Hook- and-Ladder Companies participated in the ceremo nies of the day. These companies, together with the Phoenix, joined with other associations in a general celebration of the anniversary of independence on Saturday, the 3d of July, at home, and on Monday, the 5th, all went to Tyrone and participated in a celebration there. The same companies took part in the centennial exercises at Huntingdon, July 4, 1876. The fire department of the borough at this time includes two steamers, a hook-and-ladder truck, and the " Juniata" hand-engine, under the charge of four efficient companies. In 1869 a part of a lot of ground at No. 508 Washington Street was purchased, and a house for the accommodation of the fire appa ratus on the first floor, and the meetings of the Bor ough Council and fire company on the second floor, erected during the summer of that year. A few years later the ground adjoining on the west, No. 510, was purchased, and the building enlarged. Fire alarms are struck on a large bell in a tower upor/the building. The Huntingdon Gas-Light Company was in corporated by the Legislature March 14, 1857, with an authorized capital of $30,000. The contract for the building of the works was executed May 13th, and on the night of August 29th following the consumers were supplied with gas. The works are situated between Allegheny and Penn Streets, east of Second, and the business office at No. 320 Penn Street. The incorpo rators of the company were James Gwin, A. P. Wilson, B. E. McMurtrie, John Scott, David Black, William P. Orbison, James Saxton, David Blair, William Lewis, Alexander Port, J. Simpson Africa, and Wil liam Dorris, Jr. The present officers and managers are : President, J. Simpson Africa ; Secretary and Treasurer, B. Franklin Africa. Managers, John Scott, William P. Orbison, William Dorris, David P. Gwin, and J. Simpson Africa. Capacity of holder, twenty thousand feet. Stationery Manufactory. — In 1869, J. C. Blair commenced a small retail trade in stationery in Penn Street, between Fourth and Fifth. Prosperity fol- lowed the exercise of energy and skill in the transac tion of business, and he engaged in the manufacture of the articles in which he dealt, and now the business is only limited by the ability of one hundred skilled employes, and the capacity of the improved machinery which he has introduced. In 1881 he purchased the Presbyterian Church building, on the corner of Penn and Sixth Streets, which he fitted up for a manufactory, and christened the " Keystone Building." This building is fifty by seventy feet, and has four stories, ranging from ten to fourteen feet in height. These stories give a floor space of ten rooms twenty-four by seventy feet. A large warehouse in the rear supplies additional room for storing stock. The business includes the following departments, viz. : General manufacturing, blank-books, printing and ruling, folding and preparing different grades of paper, chemical department, inks, etc., paper boxes, envelopes, pens, and pencils, and the manufacture of Keystone patented specialties. The goods manufactured here are sold in every State and Territory of the United States, with cus tomers in England, Denmark, Germany, Siam, New Zealand, Mexico, South America, and Canada. A steam engine of twenty horse-power is used. The building is heated with steam, and has a steam hoist ing apparatus. It has also its own water-works. The Gondolo Tannin Company. — Quite recently the practicability of extracting tannin from vegetable matter for mechanical purposes was demonstrated in France by P. Gondolo. In 1880, Mr. A. Morand, during a visit to Europe, became acquainted with the inventor of the process, who expressed a desire that the manufacture might be introduced in America. Mr. Morand made a thorough investigation of the matter, and became satisfied of the practicability of the process here. On his return he conferred with capitalists, with the result of forming a company under the above name and establishing works here. The company was incorporated April 4, 1881. The directors are William C. Banning, president ; Francis D. Lewis, vice-president ; William H. Haines, secre tary ; A. Morand, superintendent ; and E. H. Bissel. Edward D. Thurston is treasurer. The works were erected under the immediate supervision of Mr. Morand in 1881, and operations were commenced in January, 1882. These works occupy an area of about four acres, west of Penn Street, between Eleventh and Thirteenth. It is certain that the industry thus inaugurated here will assume great importance in future time, when its utility has become more gen erally known. Orphans' Home at Huntingdon.— This institution was founded in March, 1881, largely through the efforts of Professor D. Emmert, of the Brethren's HUNTINGDON BOROUGH. 477 Normal College. He observed that a few families on the outskirts of the town were in a destitute condition, and he resolved to institute a home where the physical, intellectual, and moral wants of their children at least could be satisfied. Accordingly, on the 1st of March, 1881, the Orphans' Home opened with one inmate, a little girl, who had been sick with pneu monia at her home, and would probably there never have recovered. Since its establishment thirty-four children have shared its blessings, and if there had been room, fully three times that number would have been admitted. A number of these children have se cured good homes in private families. In the summer of 1882 a brick building, twenty- four by thirty-two, with a frame house of the same size adjoining, was erected, in which from twenty-five to* thirty children can be accommodated. The build ing fund had for its nucleus a gift of four and a half dollars from several little girls of a mission band in the town. The fund accumulated by amounts ranging from a single penny to a legacy of five hundred dol lars, so that at the end of the year it covered nearly the cost of the brick building. The lady who served as the first matron, and who made the great sacrifice incident to such a work in its incipient stages, was Miss Carrie Miller. She was married in July, 1882, to Rev. W. J. Swigart, and was succeeded by Miss Lizzie Howe. Both these ladies have been ably assisted by Mrs. Susan Ressler, who entered the home a few months after it had opened, and has shared with them in all their trials. The home was chartered Jan. 8, 1883. The charter members were William Lewis, K. Allen Lovell, L. S. Shimmell, D. Emmert, James Port, William Reed, Dr. A. B. Brumbaugh, I. R. Hatfield, and H. B. Brumbaugh. The business of the corporation is con ducted and managed by a board of trustees, of which each church of the town elects one member. The officers of the board are D. Emmert, president ; L. S. Shimmell, secretary ; and William Beery, treasurer. The Huntingdon Car- and Car Wheel Works. —In 1872, W. A. Orbison and C. W. Welch, under the firm-name of Orbison & Welch, established in the extreme northwestern part of the borough the Huntingdon Car- Works. Here they manufactured ; freight-cars, but they purchased the cast-iron work, the wheels, etc., elsewhere. The capacity of the works was at first two or three cars daily, and thus the works continued without material change during about two years, at the end of which time operations were suspended. Of the original firm , Mr. Orbison has retired, and Mr. Welch is exten- skely engaged in the same business in Dauphin County. In July of 1880, J. G. and M. C. Blain, under the firmrname of Blain Brothers, purchased the estab lishment, which they enlarged to four times its pre vious capacity, and added an extensive foundry for 'Casting car-wheels, and another for soft castings; hence the change in the name of the works. The establishment includes ten acres of ground, on which stand the foundry for car-wheels, the soft-iron foun dry, the car-shop, the machine-shop, the planing- mill, and the blacksmith-shop. The machinery of the establishment is driven by a steam-engine of two hundred and fifty horse-power. The capacity of the foundries is greater than the requirements of the establishment, and ten tons daily of soft castings are furnished for other works. Four hundred men are employed here, and the monthly pay-roll amounts to fourteen thousand dollars. The lumber used here is manufactured at the com pany's mills, in this county, and is kiln-dried on the premises. Ten thousand tons of iron and ten mil lion feet of lumber are annually used. Keystone Boot-, Shoe-, and Leather-Factory.— This factory was established in 1870, by H. S. Whar ton and P. M. Burbank, in the Yenter (now Moebus) building, in Penn Street near Fifth, under the name "Keystone Boot and Shoe Company." At first the capacity of the factory was about forty pairs per day. In 1871 a three-story brick building, twenty-five by forty feet, was erected near the corner of Penn and Sixteenth Streets, and the manufactory was removed to this place. Such was the increase of the business that two years later another building, thirty by eighty feet, three stories in height, with an engine-house thirty by thirty, two stories in height, and several smaller buildings were erected. To make room for these Sixteenth Street was removed towards the north. The lower story of this large additional building was used as a tannery, and the others for the manufacture of boots and shoes, of which the capacity of the fac tory was one hundred and fifty pairs per day. On the completion of these buildings the present name of the establishment was assumed. The capacity of the engine was twenty-five horse power, and thirty hands were employed. In 1876 the property was purchased by G. B. Wharton, of Mifflin County, the present owner. In the autumn of 1878 the engine-house was burned out, without 'great injury to other parts of the factory, and work was resumed within a week. In the spring of 1881 the establishment was burned, without seri ous injury to the walls. In the spring of 1882 the factory was refitted, with a capacity of five hundred pairs daily, and arrangements for the employment of one hundred hands. Furniture Manufactory.— In 1869, Wise & Taylor established a manufactory of furniture on Mifflin Street, between Sixth and Seventh, in a log building, to which they attached a framed addition. In 1871, Wise & Son became proprietors. In 1872 the firm became Smucker, Brown & Co., then in 1873, Smucker & Brown, and in 1874 the present proprietor, Philip Brown, came in sole possession. In 1873, Smucker & Brown erected a brick ware house adjoining the factory. This is thirty-one by 478 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. sixty-five feet, three stories in height. Ten hands are employed, and an engine of fifteen horse-power is used. The furniture manufactured here is sold mostly in Huntingdon and Bedford Counties. Cottage Planing-Mill. — In 1867, Thomas Burchi nell erected on Canal Avenue, below Thirteenth Street, a planing-mill and sash-factory. He con ducted the business till 1875, when he sold it to Chester Munson, David W. Holt, Jacob F. Steiner, and Henry & Co. They carried it on till 1879, when Henry & Co. sold their interest to the. other members of the firm, who, after two years, or in 1881, sold a quarter-interest in the business to J. C. Dunkle, who has since conducted it as superintendent, with John W. Black as foreman. The mill consists of a main building fifty by ninety feet, two stories in height, with two one-story wings, aggregating thirteen hun dred feet of floor area. Adjoining these is a ware house fifty feet square and two stories in height, and a storage-room one hundred by eighteen feet. The machinery is driven by water taken from the canal. About one million five hundred thousand feet of lumber are annually used at this mill, and the sales of manufactured work reach' an annual amount of seventy-five thousand dollars. Most of these sales are made in Huntingdon, and Bedford Counties. There is no other establishment of this kind in Hunt ingdon County. Twenty-five hands are employed here. The mill has a railroad side-track to bring lumber, which comes mostly from Clearfield and Centre Coun ties, and to ship manufactured work. Huntingdon Mills. — In 1855, Fisher & McMurtrie erected, on what was then the Hollidaysburg pike (now Penn Street), between Seventh and Eighth Streets, the site of the pioneer grist-mill, a flouring- mill, also a plaster- mill and saw-mill. The flour- mill has a stone basement and two stories of brick. The machinery is driven by water brought by a long race from the Juniata River at the head of Cypress Island. In 1863, Fisher & Sons became proprietors, and conducted the mill as it had been run from the first till 1877, when new machinery was introduced. There are now five run of stones, each of which is carried by a separate water-wheel, and all the ma chinery is of the latest improved kind. Two brands of flour are manufactured at this mill, called " Our Choice" and "Stalwart." This is both a custom and a merchant mill. About thirty thousand bushels of wheat and twelve thousand bushels of other grain are annually ground. The flour and feed manufactured here are sold in this place and in Clearfield County. The plaster-mill is still carried on by Fisher & Sons, and one hundred and fifty tons are annually ground. Fire-clay is also ground in it. But little business is done in the saw-mill. This water-power was first utilized about 1793 by Dr. Smith, who built the stone mill that stood until it was removed to give place to the present brick structure. He had originally intended to erect his mill at Standing Stone Creek, and derive the power from that stream. In the patent the land, including the creek, is called Millbank. Subsequent investiga tions convinced him of the superiority of the site upon which the mill was finally built. Horatio Gates Fisher, the retiring representative of the Eighteenth Pennsylvania Congressional Dis trict, is the eldest son of Thomas Fisher, Esq., one of the worthiest and most venerable citizens of Hunt ingdon, Pa., where the subject of this sketch was born April 21, 1838. After a preparatory course of training at Miln wood Academy, then under the . charge of the late Rev. James Y. McGinnes, Mr. Fisher was transferred to Lafayette College, Easton, Pa., from which he was graduated in July, 1855. He soon thereafter began the mining and shipping of coal, which he has steadily pursued, and to-day is among the largest and most influential operators in the Clearfield re gions. In 1862 he was elected an auditor of Huntingdon ' County, in which capacity he served three years. In 1865 he was called to the Councils of the borough of Huntingdon, and continued a member of that body for some three years. In 1874 he was chosen burgess of his native town, and discharged the duties of the position until 1876, when he was elected by a very decided majority to succeed Hon. Chambers Mc- Kibben (Democrat) as the representative of the Thirty-third District' of Pennsylvania (embracing Franklin and Huntingdon Counties) in the State Senate. Before the expiration of his term of office he was chosen over the Hon. W. S. Stenger to repre sent the Eighteenth District of Pennsylvania in the Forty-sixth Congress of the United States. He was re-elected by a majority of seven hundred over Hon. R. Milton Speer to the Forty-seventh Congress, and was earnestly importuned by a large number of his constituents to enter the field for a third term in the House of Representatives; but in consequence of impaired health and the exactions of his private business, which required his undivided attention, he was compelled to decline all overtures and withdraw from the arena of politics. At the opening of the Forty-seventh Congress, Mr. Fisher was appointed to succeed Hon. Alexander H. Stephens as chairman of the Committee on Coinage, Weights, and Measures, and was also assigned to serve upon the Committee on the Law respecting Election of President and Vice-President. In all the public positions to which Mr. Fisher has been elevated by the preference of his fellow-citizens he has rendered faithful and efficient service, and his record evidences honor and spotlessness. To Mr. Fisher may largely be ascribed the credit of effecting the location of the Middle Penitentiary upon its present foundations. When a member of c <^-j-^Aji^\ jU> (L/LAyv^-'i HUNTINGDON BOROUGH. 479 the State Senate, he was one of the committee author ized to investigate the complaints which arose from various sections of the commonwealth that prison labor was injuriously affecting certain industries pur sued by a large number of the law-respecting citizens Lof the State. This commission, in its inspection of \ the prisons of Pennsylvania, was impressed with their overcrowded condition, and recognizing the humane necessity for the erection of a new prison, Mr. Fisher drafted and submitted' the bill for the creation of a new penitentiary district within the limits of the middle counties of the State, which bill passed both branches of the Legislature and became a law. Mr. Fisher's career has been one of marked ac tivity and usefulness. His business ventures have proved remunerative, and he retires from his public duties with a larger constituency of devoted friends than when he assumed the trusts confided to his keeping. In Congress he was recognized as one of the most reliable and efficient members of the Pennsyl vania delegation, and he has exerted a wide and salutary, influence. Should his life and health be prolonged, it cannot be doubted that he will achieve more substantial laurels than those he has already so deservedly won. Henry Flouring-Mills— In 1851, John W. Mat tern and Capt. A. S. Harrison, under the firm-name of Mattern & Harrison, converted a warehouse that stood on the bank of the canal, and fronted on Penn Street at the junction with Eighth, into a flouring- mill. It was subsequently owned and operated by John K. McCahan, and in 1870 it was purchased by Samuel E. Henry, Thomas S. Johnson, and B. Frank and Solomon H. Isenberg, under the firm-name of Henry & Co. It was operated by this firm till July, 1879, when it was burned. It had then been recently repaired, and new machinery had been introduced. On its site the firm at once erected a new mill, which they have since carried on. This is of brick', forty- five by sixty feet, and six stories in height, with an adjoining brick boiler-house fourteen by thirty-eight feet. This mill has eight run of stones, and all the machinery is of the, latest improved kind. All the fixtures and arrangements were made with special reference to convenience and" facility in carrying on all its operations. This is both a custom and a flouring-mill. In ad dition to the ordinary grades of flour, what are known as Electric Light, Bonanza, and Henry's Fancy brands are here manufactured. The engine which drives the machinery is of eighty horse-power, with a capacity of increase to one hundred and twenty-five. The capacity of the mill is seven hundred and fifty bushels daily. State wheat is mostly^ used at this mill, though Western grain is brought here in cases of emergency. The flour and feed manufactured here is sold at the mill and at the store of the firm, and also along the line of the Pennsylvania Railroad, from Newport east to Johnstown west. Samuel Eichelberger Henry, second son of John Henry, was born in Frankstown, Blair Co., Pa., Jan. 27, 1820. In 1826 his father moved to McKee's Gap, and in 1827 to Hollidaysburg; then to Newry; and in the spring of 1830 he removed to Duncansville. henry & CO. During the years 1830, 1831, 1832, young Samuel E. Henry was employed on what is known as the Old Portage Railroad, in driving a one-horse cart, besides acting in the capacity of gigger boss (a term now obsolete) in the summer, and attending school in the winter, his tuition amounting to three cents per day. In 1832 he assisted in laying the railroad track around the curve a mile west of Hollidaysburg. This work was done on the night of July 3d, to enable passen gers to pass over the road to Hollidaysburg to attend a celebration on Independence-day. They cut the rails in short pieces instead of bending them for the curve. Mr. Henry was a passenger on the " John Blair," the first canal-boat that entered the port of Hollidaysburg. In 1834 he engaged with Capt. John Bowers as a canal- driver, when the small one-horse Union boats were run from Hollidaysburg to Philadelphia. These boats were used for carrying Allegheny Mountain coal to Phila delphia and merchandise in return. In 1835, Mr. Henry's father died in Hollidaysburg, leaving his mother with a family of six children. He was em ployed in 1835 and 1836 by Michael Kelley to drive an old blind horse, the only power, in the first machine- shop in Hollidaysburg. In 1837 he was employed by William Davidson in a store in Hollidaysburg, where he remained until the following June, when the great storm destroyed a great portion of the canal between the latter place and Huntingdon, and affected business so much that his services were no longer required. He was then employed by John Bolinger, of Hollidaysburg, to drive a two-horse team to haul stove castings from Huntingdon to Hollidaysburg. In the spring of 1839 the Democratic administra tion appointed his widowed mother as lock-tender on the Pennsylvania Canal (under Joseph Ritner, who was supervisor), and S. E. Henry as her assistant, which position he held until May, 1846, when he re signed in favor of Mr. West, and in company with Michael Wolf purchased a tide-water boat, and en- 480 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. gaged in the business of transporting merchandise and coal between Hollidaysburg and Philadelphia ; continued until the spring of 1850, when Mr. Henry sold to Mr. Wolf, and was then employed with D. Leech & Co.'s line to stock and run their boat " George Black." In the spring of 1853, Mr. Henry Lloyd, agent for Leech & Co., employed Mr. Henry as clerk ; with whom he remained until July, 1856, when Leech & Co. closed their business as a transportation com pany. He was then ordered by Leech & Co. to go to the junction of the Juniata and Susquehanna Canal and gather all their line boats together, and transfer them to Messrs. Butler & Co., of Pittston, Pa. In September, 1856, Col. Thomas A. Scott, superintendent of the Western Division of the Penn sylvania Railroad, employed Mr. Henry to take charge of a very important and dangerous point at the junc tion of the Portage, with the Pennsylvania Railroad, at the south fork of the Conemaugh River. In the spring of 1857, Mr. Henry was employed as agent for Lloyd & Co.'s transportation line at Hollidaysburg. In the spring of 1858, Mr. Henry and A. M. Lloyd formed a partnership in the forwarding and commis sion business, under the firm-name of "Lloyd & Henry." In April and May the Pennsylvania Railroad Company built this firm a warehouse in Hollidaysburg, and employed them to transfer all the freight received by canal, to the Pennsylvania Railroad. This business was carried on until 1863, when the Pennsylvania Railroad Company built them a large warehouse in Huntingdon. In 1865 Lloyd & Henry purchased the property from the railroad company. In June, 1865, the firm dissolved by mu tual consent, Mr. John G. Miller buying Mr. Lloyd's interest in the Huntingdon house ; the firm-name be coming Henry & Miller. In September, the same year, Mr. Miller sold his interest to T. S. Johnston and W. F. Johnston, when the firm-name was changed to S. E. Henry & Co. On Jan. 1, 1867, W. F. Johns ton withdrew, and the firm-name was again changed to Henry & Co., and remains so to this time. This firm owns one of the finest flouring-mills in Central Penn sylvania in connection with their general merchan dise, — coal, lumber, forwarding, and commission. Their business has grown to be very large, amounting to over three hundred thousand dollars a year. The firm now consists of S. E. Henry, T. S. Johnston, and B. F. Isenberg. All are men who possess all the rarest qualities requisite for business men and gen tlemen. Mr. Henry was married March 8, 1842, to Miss Maria, daughter of John Leader, of Bedford County, Pa. Thomas S. Johnston, eldest son of William John ston, was born at Huntingdon, Pa., Sept. 15, 1844. His father and mother are both living. He attended the public schools of Huntingdon from 1850 to 1852, and select school from 1852 to 1856. He began clerk ing in the store of C. Long, of Huntingdon, in 1856, and remained there until the next spring, when he went to Allegheny Furnace and clerked in the store of S. C. Baker ; was there till January, 1862 when he went to Pittsburgh to attend the Iron City Com mercial College, and graduated in March, 1862. In a short time after returning home he went to Philadelphia and engaged in the wholesale grocery- store of Thomas M. Kerr, on Market Street; con tinued there two years and a half, when he returned home and went into the store of Lloyd & Henry of Huntingdon, as clerk. He remained there till Feb ruary, 1865, when he enlisted, and was at once com missioned first lieutenant in Company B, One Hun dred and Ninety-second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, on April 14th; the same year was commissioned captain, and in June, 1865, de tailed provost-marshal at Staunton, Va., and Har per's Ferry, in which capacity he served until Aug. 24, 1865, when he was discharged. He returned to Huntingdon, Pa., and in a short time he and William F. Johnston purchased the interest of John S. Miller, of the firm of Henry & Miller, and formed a copart nership in the firm of S. E. Henry & Co., and by the withdrawal of William F. Johnston, Jan. 1, 1867, the firm changed to Henry & Co. On the 4th of February, 1868, Mr. Thomas S. Johnston married Miss Hettie, only daughter of S. E. Henry, and to them four children have been born, three sons, Horace V., W. Donald, Samuel H., and one daughter, Mary H. B. F. Isenberg, youngest son of Abraham Isenberg, was born at Spruce Creek, Huntingdon Co., Pa., June 24, 1844. His father in his younger days worked at the blacksmith trade ; was in moderate circumstances. He gave his children a good common school education. B. F. Isenberg, at the age of sixteen, took charge of the books of J. F. Steiner & Co., of Philipsburg, Cen tre Co., Pa., where he remained three years. In 1860 he commenced to learn the milling business at Franks- town, Blair Co. He had full charge of the business while there. In 1864 he enlisted in the Ninth Penn sylvania Cavalry, and was detailed at once to do pro vost duty at Hollidaysburg ; served in that capacity for two months. Being anxious to go to the front, he joined the regiment at Atlanta, Ga., in November, 1864, and he was in all the engagements with the regiment until the war closed. When he returned home he resumed the milling business, and in three months afterwards he went into the First National Bank of Huntingdon as book-keeper, remaining there from the fall of 1866 to the fall of 1869, when he pur chased an interest in the business of Henry & Co. He has charge of all the books and finance. In the fall of 1869, Mr. Isenberg married Miss Jennie, daughter of John K. McCahan. They have two boys, Frank McCahan, aged eleven years, and Jesse Miller, aged seven. Mr. Isenberg is a Republican in politics, is a mem ber of the Presbyterian Church, and has been deacon since 1877. HUNTINGDON BOROUGH. 481 Mr. Isenberg was elected and served as secretary and treasurer of the Pennsylvania Millers' State As sociation during the years 1879, '80, and '81, and afterwards elected president of the same. He is a director in the Franklin Building and Loan Associa tion of Huntingdon. . Brush- and Broom-Factory.— In 1872, R. Allison Miller & Son established a manufactory of brooms and brushes on the corner of Washington and Four teenth Streets. Here they erected a large brick building, three stories in height, in which to carry on the business, which at once assumed large propor tions. In 1877, A. R. Stewart succeeded Miller & Son. Within a few months he died, and the business came into the hands of Efollenberger Brothers, who con ducted it till 1879, when A. B. Miller became propri etor. Charles H. Glazier succeeded him in 1880, and still conducts the business. The broom-corn used here comes mostly from the West, and the brooms, of which about ten dozen per day are made, are sold in this and the neighboring counties. The Central Pennsylvania Telephone and Sup ply Company was incorporated about Aug. 1, 1880, having its principal office in Williamsport and ex changes in a number of the larger towns in the cen tral part of the State. The Huntingdon exchange was established April 1, 1881, with D. S. Drake as manager, who has continued in that position since. The exchange began with thirty-five patrons. In January, 1883, the number had reached nearly one hundred. From the central station, in Fifth abovB Penn Street, lines run to the neighboring towns of Alexandria, Barree, Mapleton, Mill Creek, Mount Union, and Petersburg, also making connection with the Altoona, Philipsburg, and Clearfield exchange districts. The following list contains the names of the citizens whose residences or places of business have telephones : HUNTINGDON. Africa, J. Simpson, office and residence. Africa Brothers, hardware dealers. Arlington House, J. A. Clifton, proprietor. Bair, W. S., tin-shop and store. Beek . f. M. J. «.. PAREINGTON, PRINTER. 488 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Post-Offices Established. — Shaver's Creek, at Pe tersburg, in the spring of 1825, with Valentine Win gart as postmaster. Water Street, in the spring of 1825, with Lewis Mytinger as postmaster. Yellow Springs, January, 1812, with David Moore as postmaster ; discontinued, and re-established in January, 1814, with Maxwell Kinkead as postmas ter. Williamsburg, in 1813, with William Harris as postmaster. Shade Gap, in 1819, with John Blair as postmaster. Coleraine, changed from Marshall's Mill to, Janu ary, 1821. Springfield Furnace, in January, 1826, with Samuel Royer as postmaster. Union Furnace, July, 1828, with Michael Wallace as postmaster. Manor Hill, September, 1828, with James Lyon as postmaster. Woodcock Valley, September, 1828, with Andrew Fraker as postmaster. Postmasters. — The post-office at Huntingdon was established about the close of the year 1797. Below are given the names of the several postmasters with the dates of their appointments : John Cadwallader, appointed Jan. 1, 1798, under Adams, President, and Joseph Habersham, Post master-General. Served six years, one month, and three days. Samuel Steel, appointed Feb. 4, 1804, under Jeffer son, President, and Gideon Granger, Postmaster- General. Served twenty-one years, seven months, and four days. Isaac Dorland, appointed Sept. 8, 1825, under John Quincy Adams, President, and John McLean, Post master-General. Served sixteen years and two days. David Snare, appointed Sept. 10, 1841, under Tyler, President, and Francis Granger, Postmaster-General. Served three years, six months, and twenty-five days. Francis B. Wallace, appointed April 5, 1845, under Polk, President, and Cave Johnson, Postmaster-Gen eral. Served four years, one month, and six days. Peter C. Swoope, appointed May 11, 1849, under Taylor, President, and Jacob Collamer, Postmaster- General. Served four years and five days. William Lewis, appointed May 16, 1853, under Pierce, President, and James Campbell, Postmaster- General. Served four years and nineteen days. William Colon, appointed June 5, 1857, under Buchanan, President, and Brown, Postmaster-Gen eral. Served three years, nine months, and twenty- two days. George A. Steel, appointed March 27, 1861, under Lincoln, President, and Blair, Postmaster-General. Served four years, one month, and fifteen days. John Read, appointed May 12, 1865, under Johnson, President, and Dennison, Postmaster-General. Served one year, six months, and five days. George Ashman Miller, appointed Nov. 17, 1866 under Johnson, President, and Alexander W. Ran dall, Postmaster-General. Served two years, four months, and twenty-nine days. Brice X. Blair, appointed April 16, 1869, under Grant, President, and John A. J. Cresswell, Post master-General. Served four years, eleven months and eleven days. J. Hall Musser, appointed March 27, 1874, under Grant, President, and Marshall Jewell, Postmaster- General. Served about six years and nine months. Resigned December, 1881. Alfred Tyhurst, appointed December, 1881, and died Nov. 24, 1882. The vacancy was filled early in December by the appointment of his widow, Mrs. Maggie Tyhurst, who is now (March, 1883) the post mistress. John Cadwallader's bond was five hundred dollars. In 1865 this became a Presidential office, and the amount of the bond required now is ten thousand dollars. The appointees would not assume the duties of office for some days after the dates given above. Manufactories. — Beside those before described, the manufacturing industries of Huntingdon are rep resented by the following : Iron and brass foundry, Easton Blake, corner of First and Penn. Furniture manufactory, Philip Brown, 613, 617 Mifflin Street. Bakeries and candy manufactories, Beck & Flem ing, 111 Fourth Street; Silas Neal, 412 Penn Street; Grimison, 421 Allegheny Street. Marble-works, William Williams, corner Fourth and Mifflin ; and Green & Beaver, 513 Mifflin Street. Cigar manufactory, W. C. Wian, 415 Penn Street. Wagon-makers, Daniel Mingle, Washington Street; Lefferd & Baum, Eighth Street. Brick-makers, A. McCoy, John Barrick, Jacob Barrick, Watson & Hefright, Jesse Summers & Co. Tin, hollow-ware, etc., Thomas Carmon, 508 Penn Street; W. S. Bair, Washington above Seventh Street. Architectural castings, iron fences, etc., James Simpson, corner Ninth and Mifflin Streets. Stoneware manufacturer, A. L. Hissong, Standing Stone Avenue. Cabinet-makers and upholsterers, John Carothers, Fifth above Mifflin Street; W. H. Prideaux, Fifth above Mifflin Street. Professional Men, Tradesmen, and Mechanics in the Olden Time.— Blacksmiths. — 1793, John Simpson ; 1796, John Yocum, Stephen and Valen tine Eichelberger, George Householder; 1799, John Parks; 1812, Casper Snare; 1814, David Snare; 1827, Matthias Coplin. Boot and Shoemakers.— 1798, Martin Zeigler; 1811, Jacob Zimmerman; 1813, Jacob Anthony; 1820, James Hemphill, Abraham Levy, Andrew White. HUNTINGDON BOROUGH. 489 Brewers. — Henry Wildebrand, George Fockler. Brick-maker. — 1791-1820, Michael Africa. Brush-maker. — Abraham Smith. Carpenters and Builders. — 1796, John Myers, John George; 1799, John Crawford, John Hilde- -brand, John McCabe, John Colstock. Cabinet-makers. — 1803, William Haines; 1819, Thomas McMillan, Kemp ; 1825, Samuel Sha rer; 1826, James McCabe; 1828, Alexander Mc Kennan. Cooper. — 1796, George Black. Chair-makers. — 1800, Richard Trovillo; 1813, Joseph Robinson, Abraham Howe. Coppersmiths and Tinners. — 1803, Martin Graf fius; 1810, David Lindsey; 1819, George Fockler, Joseph Z. Mower; 1820, Daniel Africa. Dentists.— 1820, W. R. Eagleton ; 1828, William A. Ward. Druggists. — 1825, Dr. James Coffey ; 1825, Coffey and Royer. Distillers. — Christian Sauer, Philip Shultz. Hatters.— 1797, Peter Swoope ; 1800, David Sny der; 1810, George Anshutz, Jr.; 1811, William Eng lish; 1812, James Davis; 1813, Alexander Ramsey; 1820, Peter Swoope, Jr. ; 1825, James Davis, Jr. Hotel-keepers.— 1787, Ludwick Sells; 1797, Al exander Dean; 1802, John McConnell ; 1812, Pat rick Gwin ; 1807, John Beatty ; 1813, Wray Maize ; 1817, John Whittaker. Locksmith. — Daniel Duden. Milliners.— 1811, Mrs. Smart ; 1828, Mrs. Eliza beth Hartman. Nail-makers. — 1798, Christopher Steel, James Saxton. Physicians.— 1793, James Nesbit; 1798, George Wilson; 1800, John Henderson; 1809, John Boggs, Bergman; 1811, Thomas Burrell ; 1819, James Coffey; 1821, Henry Heinan, Jacob Hoffman; 1824, James Trimble; 1828, William Swoope, Benjamin Berry. Plow-makers.— 1827, Samuel Davis ; 1828, John Fowler. Potters. Ridenour, John Glazier. Rope-makers.— 1800, Jacob Lichtenthaler ; 1821, Charles Osterloh & Co. Reed-makers. — 1811, Benjamin Orr ; 1826, John McCracken. Saddlers.— 1800, Archibald Thompson; 1803, Samuel Hemphill; 1811, W. Maize; 1819, Joseph Maize; 1827, James Hemphill, Jr. Silversmiths and Clock- and Watch-Makers. —1797, Stephen Drury ; 1819, Miller Anderson, David Newingham; 1821, James G. Dillon; 1825, George Hyle. Straw-Hat Maker.— 1821, Mrs. Harker. Store-keepers. — 1796, Peter Swoope, William Ker, David and James McMurtrie; 1799, Henry Miller; 1811, McConnell & Son ; 1812, Samuel Steel, Whittaker and Vantries, Vantries & Renner ; 1819, Garber & Dorris, Thomas Read, Charles Raymond, David Newingham; 1821, Swoope & Son ; 1824, Pe ter Swoope, McMurtrie & Miller, John Whittaker, William Steel, John McNamara, David Newingham ; 1825, James Gwin ; 1826, Jacob & Benjamin Miller ; 1827, D. Newingham & Son. Spinning- Wheel Maker. — 1820, Thomas Aus tin. Tanners and Curriers. — 1802, Jonas Rudisill ; 1803, James Elliott, John Miller ; 1812, Henry Mil ler; 1827, Samuel Walker; 1828, John Miller & Sons. Tailors— 1796, Philip Smith; 1798, Alexander King ; 1800, William Hannegan ; 1810, Hugh John ston ; 1811, Thomas King ; 1813, King, Thompson & Nash ; 1819, John Nash, Samuel Cornelius ; 1820, John Hemphill ; 1824, John C. Hemphill, John Mc Guire, King & Nash ; 1825, Stephen Itinger. Weavers.— 1820, William Woods, James Fer guson. Marriages. — In Chapter XV., commencing on page 56, is given an interesting and valuable list of marriages by Rev. John Johnston. Since it was in type the records of other marriages were obtained and are here appended : 1807. March 3, by Hugh Morrison, Esq., Moses Fa} res and Mrs. Lee. 1811. Feb. 26, by Robert Young, Esq., Peter Baker and Miss Sally La- therow, both of Shirley townBhip. 1812. Jan. 14, Capt. Couch, of Standing Stone Creek, and Miss Moore, a daughter of Maj. Robert Moore, of Shaver's Creek Manor. March 17, by Rev. Haas, Frederick Lindsey and Catharine Starts- man. April 7, by Rev. Haas, Jacob Heiffner and Miss Susannah Nelson. " 7, by the same, Frederick Heiffner and Miss Margaret Becht. Sept. 10, William Brown and Susannah White. 1813. Jan. 13, by Rev. Stevens, Simeon Smalley and Miss Ann Morrison. June, Abraham Ely and Eve Fauokler. Sept. 23, by Rev. David Bard, Robert Coffee and Miss Sarah Copely, of Warrior's Mark township. Nov. 18, Angus Sinclair and Mrs. Elizabeth McCartney, of Spruce Creek. Dec. 2, John Sharra and Dolly Shaver, both of Shirley township. 1814. January, Robert Province and Miss Ramsey. Feb. 7, by Rev. Gallitzin, James Meloy, of Cambria County, and Miss Margaret McMullin, of Sinking Valley. April 19, by Rev. Boyd, Dr. Alexander Johnston and Miss Eliza beth Lowry. " 28, by Rev. Sample, Christian Denlinger and Miss Rachel Lefever. May 3, by Rev. Thomas Smith, Alexander Campbell and Miss Elizabeth Irwin. Sept. 8, John Lyon and Miss Nancy Patton. Dec. 8, by Rev. Riley, James Wilson and Miss Polly, daughter of John Oaks. 1819. Jan. 12 by Rev. Smith, John Carmon and Miss Martha Hemphill. " 14 Samuel S. Swoope and Miss Susannah Maria Ingram, of Hagerstown. Christian Denlinger and Miss Jane, daughter of William Holliday. March 11, Martin Denlinger and Rosanna Lowry. " 11, Mark Graham and Miss Crawford, both of Sinking Val ley. Dec. 7, by Rev. Thomas Smith, Dr. James Coffey and Miss Margaret, daughter of Alexander McConnell. " 7 by Rev. Stevens, Jacob Africa and Miss Elizabeth Zimmer man. " 9 by Rev. Thomas Smith, David Porter and Miss Jane Coulter. 490 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Dec. 23, by Rev. Thomas Smith, Robert McGill and Misb Jane Car mon. 1820. Jan. 27, John 0. Bucher, of HarriBburg, and Miss Isett, a daughter of Jacob Isett, of Sinking Valley. Feb. 24, James T. Scott and Miss Hill, a daughter of Arthur Hill, of Sinking Valley. " 24, by Rev. ThomaB Smith, James McGill and Margaret Mc- Gaughin. June 13, by Rev. Thomas Smith, John McGill and Miss Mary Gaughin. " 15, by Rev. Gideon Laning, George Givin and Elizabeth Thompson. Ang. 10, Robert Massey and Miss Jackson, a daughter of Joseph Jackson, Sept. 28, David R. Porter and Miss Josephine McDermott, of Spruce Creek. Oct. 19, by Rev. Thomas Smith, Leonard Shryock, of Indiana, and Miss Mary McKennan, of Huntingdon. Dec. 5, by Rev. Charles Snowden, John Ashman and Miss Eleanor Cromwell, daughter of the late Thomas Cromwell, of Shirley township. " 12, by John Blair, Esq., Elliott Ramsey and Miss Elizabeth Sellers. " 21, by John Blair, Esq., Jacob Covenour and Miss Ann Cor nelius. 1821. Jan. 4, by Rev. Thomas Smith, Sample Flemming and Miss Eve Holman, of Shaver's Creek. " 4, by John Blair, Esq., Michael Bollinger and Miss Levina Stine, both of Tell township. " 30, Jacob Neff, Jr. (of John), and Miss Weight, of Sinking Valley. Feb. 8, Dr. ThomaB Johnston, of Birmingham, and Miss Hill, daughter of Arthur Hill, of Sinking Valley. " 22, by Rev. Thomas Smith, George Smith and Miss Polly Miller, both of Standing Stone Valley. March 13, John Porter and Miss Bucher, daughter of Conrad Bucher, of Alexandria. April, by Rev. Charles G. Snowden, Samuel Keller and Miss Pru dence Jackson. " 17, John Mytinger and Miss Rung, of Petersburg. May 10, by John Miller, Esq., Thomas Ker and Mary Hains. June 7, by Samuel Kyle, Esq., John Crisman and Miss Susannah Byers, all of Tyrone township. November, by Rev. Thompson, Rev. Matthew Stevens, of Shaver's Creek, and Mrs. Mary Mullen, of Huntingdon. Dec. 15, by Rev. Thomas Smith, William Mears and Miss Mary Ann Black, of Standing Stone Valley. 1824. Jan. 6, by Rev. James Thompson, Dr. Jonathan H. Dorsey, of Lew istown, and Miss Mary H., daughter of Robert Allison. March 2, by Rev. JameB Thompson, Charles Porter and Miss Ann, daughter of Conrad Bucher, of Alexandria. '* 11, by Thomas Johnston, Esq., James Swires and Miss Eliza beth Myers. " 16, by Rev. James Galbraith, Maj. John Stewart and Miss M. S. Boyle. April 1, Isaac Neff and Miss Susan Neff. " 8, by Rev. James S. Woods, John Brown, of Kishacoquillas Valley, and Miss Jane Porter, of Henderson township. ", 8, by Isaac Vandevender, Esq., Benjamin Grove and Miss Elizabeth Hoover. " 27, by Rev. Joshua Williams, Joseph McCune and Mrs. Mary Davidson, of Cumberland County. May 13, by James Saxton, Esq., William Weston and Miss Judith, daughter of John Barr, of Porter township. June 2, by Rev. John Tannehill, James McGirk, of Philipsburg, and Miss Eleanor Ashman. " 15, by Rev. Joshua Williams, William Ker, Jr., and Miss Eliza, daughter of David Sterrit, of Cumberland County. July 13, by Rev. Thompson, Barton McMullin and Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Patrick Gwin. Dec. 16, by Rev. John Tannehill, George Hudson and Rebecca, daughter of Henry Hubbell, of Springfield township. " 21, by Rev. James Galbraith, James McKennan and Miss Mar gery Mcllvaine. " 21, by Rev. Rhoads, Samuel Shearer and Miss Elizabeth Mc Cabe. 1825. January, Jeremiah Cunningham and Miss Hutchison, daugh ter of Archibald Hutchison, of Warrior's Mark. " 6, by Rev. A. McGinley, James Walker and Mire Jane daughter of James Jameson, of Burnt Cabins. " 13, by Rev. John Tannehill, William DubbB and Miss Jane Camp, of Springfield township. " 18, by Rev. ThomaB Smith, John Osborn and Miss Mary Barr. Feb. 8, by Rev. James Thompson, Jacob Fockler and Miss Cath- * arine V. Whittaker. " 17, by Thomas Johnston, Esq., George Gensimer and Miss Elizabeth Ganoe. " 23, by David Newingham, Esq., Adam Doyle and Bliss Lydia Ridenour. March 10, by James Saxton, Esq., Philip Myere and Miss Harriet Hildebrand. " 31, by Rev. James Stephens, Robert Irvine and MiSB Catha rine Speelman. May 6, by Thomas JohnBton, Esq., Jacob Vantries and Miss Jane Robinson. June 28, by Rev. Hill, John Stewart and Miss Matilda Green, of Barree townBhip. July 19, by Thomas Johnston, Esq., John S. Isett, of Sinking Val ley, and Mibs Mary Ann, daughter of Edward Bell, of Antes township. Aug. 4, by Rev. Stevens, Alexander W. Berryhill and Miss Isabella Provines. Oct. 20, Martin Narowski and Miss Mary Clunt. " 20, by Rev. Davis, JameB Henderson, of Huntingdon, and Miss Susan Smith, of Indiana County. " 27, by George Davis, Esq., Samuel Steel and Miss Ellen, daugh ter of William Porter, of Henderson township. Nov. 17, by Rev. Galbraith, William McFarland and Miss Lena Forbes. Dec. 1, by Rev. John Peebles, Samuel Reed and Miss Barr, of Standing Stone Valley. " Peter Hewit and Miss Moore. " John McMullin and Miss Elizabeth Dysart, of Sinking , Valley. 1826. Jan. 3, by Elijah Corbin, Esq., Christian Decker and Miss Susan Hess. " 12, by George Davis, Esq , Andrew Addleman and Miss Mar garet Henry. Feb. 7, by Rev. John Peebles, John Iseuberger and Mrs. Coulter. " 14, by Thomas Johnston, Esq., Conrad Reainy and Jlisa Sarah Noble. " 14, by ThomaB Johnston, Esq., Charles Litzinger and Miss Nancy Law. April 6, by Rev. Jesse Ash, John Walker and Miss Elizabeth Cor nelius. K 11, by Rev. Jesse Ash, Samuel Crawford and Miss Elizabeth Green. " 19, by Rev. Robert Minshall, John W. Shugert and Miss Catharine McCabe. " 19, by Rev. De Witt, George Ashman and Miss Jane Scott, of McConnellsburg. " 20, by Thomas Johnston, Esq., Jacob Burket and Miflfl Nancy Wilson. May 7, Christian Rothrock and Miss Elizabeth Ellis, of Cambria County. " 9, by Rev. Galbraith, John Speillman and Miss Ann Jane Allen. " 16, by Rev. James Thompson, Samuel Caldwell and Miss Mary, daughter of Israel Cryder, both of Porter township. " 16, James Ennis and Miss Porter. " 30, by Rev. James Thompson, William Speedy and Miss Re becca Hemphill. June 1, by Israel GruffluB, Esq., Nathaniel Williams and Mia Mary Shriner. " 15, by Rev. Jesse Ash, James Simpson and Miss Anna Good man. " 15, by Rev. James Thompson, James S. McNutt and Miss Elizabeth Laird. July 20, by Rev. John Peebles, James Murphy and Miss Lydia, daughter of Alexander Donaldson. " 27, by Rev. Stephens, Wray Maize and Miss Catharine Van- acke. HUNTINGDON BOROUGH. 491 Aug. 1, Samuel H. Bell and Miss Margaret Morrison. " ' 16, by David Newingham, Esq., Adam Stever and Miss Eliz abeth Park, of Trough Creek settlement. " 17, by Rev. John Peebles, J. J. Wallis and Miss Jane, daugh ter of Samuel Hemphill. 11 22, by Rev. R. Minshall, Samuel R. Stevens and Miss Eliza, daughter of the late Rev. Pennell, of Huntingdon. 11 29, by Thomas Johnson, Esq., Abraham Tippery and Miss Catharine Harbst. Sept. 7, by Rev. Loughrane, William Hamilton and Miss Jane Arters. " 12, by Thomas Johnson, Esq., Robert Caldwell, of Hart's Log Valley, and Miss Elizabeth McElevy, of Warrior's Mark township. " 21, by J. Vantries, Esq., George Dickson and Miss Sarah Gardner. " 21, by Thomas Johnston, Esq., James Mulhollan and Hiss Mary McClellan. Nov. 7, by Jacob Vantries, Esq., Richard Sneath and Miss Cath arine Hamaker. " 7, hy Jacob Vantries, Esq., Joshua Lewis and Miss Eleanor Roush. " 9, by Rev. John Peebles, Adam Everell and Miss Mary Ann Wilt. " 30, by Rev. John Peebles, Joseph Galbraith and Miss Mary, daughter of Caleb Armitage. M 30, by Rev. Jesse Ash, John C. Coder and Miss Phosbe Coy, of Standing Stone Valley. Dec. 6, by Rev. Davis, Alexander McConnell and Miss Margery Crow, of Indiana County. " 7, by Rev. James Stevens, William Wolf and Catharine Mobly. " 12, by Rev. James Stevens, Abner Lane and Miss Mary Jane, daughter of Wray Maize. " 12, by Rev. Jesse Ash, Henry Shade and Miss Mary, daughter of Joseph Dorland. , " 27, by Jacob Vantries, Esq., Samuel Funk and Miss Julian Wilson. " 28, by Rev. John Peebles, Benjamin Miller and Miss Eliza beth, daughter of Robert Allison. " 31, by Rev. Hughes, Daniel McConnell and Miss Angel Cook. 1827. Jan. 3, by Rev. Hughes, John Vorte and Miss L. Wever. " 4, by Rev. Hughes, James McMullen and Miss Sarah Con rad. " 4,by Jacob Vantries, Esq., Levi Rumberger and Miss Nancy Parks. " 11, by Jacob Vantries, Esq., John Eyer and Miss Susanna Myers. Feb. 1, by Rev. John Peebles, JameB Given and Miss Mary Mc Murtrie. " 1, by Rev. John Peebles, George Fockler and Miss Mary Haller. " 1, by Rev. James Stevens, William Larkins and Miss Mary Plowman. " 22, by Charles Carpenter, Esq., James McCabe and Miss Har riet Goldman. " 26, by Thomas Johnston, Esq., Robert Stewart and Nancy Haggerty. March 1, by Thomas Johnston, Esq., John Evans and Miss Ruth Kinney. "8, by Rev. John Peebles, Henry White and Miss Hetty Ramsey. " 15, by Israel Graffius, Esq., John Row and and Miss Mary Morrow, of Porter township. " 29, by Henry Beaver, Esq., Thomas Ramage and Mrs. Elizabeth Bailey. April 19, by Rev. John Peebles, Robert Patterson and Miss Maria, daughter of David Snyder. May 1, by Rev. James Thompson, John S. Wilson and Miss Maria Bower. " 10, John Smith and Miss Catharine, daughter of John Swoope. June 19, John Ker and Miss Williams, daughter of Rev. Wil liams, of Cumberland County. Aug. 16, by Rev. John Peebles, Dr. David Wishart and Miss Jane Moore, of Woodcock Valley. Oct. 2, Thomas Mettland and Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Arthur Hill, of Sinking Valley. " 9, by Rev. Charles, Jeremiah Betts and Miss Hannah, daugh ter of Joshua Ennis, of Standing Stone Valley. " 25, Henry Neff and MiBS Mary, daughter of Michael Wallace. Nov. 15, by Rev. John Peebles, John Grafflus and Miss Mary Ann, daughter of John Whittaker. " 20, by Rev. John Peebles, Lewis Foglo and Miss Fanny, daughter of Samuel Hemphill. " 22, by Rev. John Peebles, Robert Stitt and Miss Susannah, daughter of John Miller. " 28, by David Newingham, Esq., Levi Westbrook and Miss Rebecca Parkinson. " 29, by Rev. John Peebles, Archibald Stitt and Miss Catharine, daughter of William Simpson. Dec. 27, by Rev. Davis, John Marshall, of Greencastle, and Miss Jane Henderson. 1828. Jan. 10, by Rev. John Peebles, John ColBtock and Miss Elizabeth, daughter of John Whittaker. " 10, by Rev. J. George Schmick, Christian E. Crane and Elizabeth, daughter of ThomaB Wilson, of Sinking Valley. " 17, by Rev. Johu Peebles, 'John Simpson and Mrs. Elizabeth Ramsey. " 17, by Rev. James S. Woods, James Hemphill and Miss Ju liana Morann. Feb. 12, by Rev. Hill, James Oliver, of Shirleysburg, and Miss Cunningham, daughter of John Cunningham, of Standing Stone Valley. March 13, by Rev. John Peebles, David Snare and Miss Catharine Colstock. March 27, by Rev. J. D. Aurandt, John Neff and Miss Susannah Huyett, of Hart's Log Valley. April 1, by Rev. Childs, Thomas S. Blodget and Miss Anna Maria Marshall. " 1, Abner Lloyd and Miss Catharine, daughter of John Grove, of Woodcock Valley. " 8 by Rev. John Peebles, Robert Carmon and Miss Catharine, daughter of Robert Wray. May 4, by Rev. Riley, David Litzinger and Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Dopp. June 2, by Rev. Isaac Collins, Henry Heckendorn and Miss Har riet Chandler. " by Israel Graffius, Esq., John Butler and Miss Rachel Moyers. July 31, by Rev. Galbraith, EliaB Hoover and Miss Rebecca Caldwell. Aug. 6, William Pollock and Miss Martha Campbell, of Williams burg. " 6, by Rev. John PeebleB, Calvin Blythe and Patience Augusta, daughter of Benjamin Elliott. " 7 by Rev. Ieaac Collins, Adam Fockler and Miss Julian Monroe. Oct. 2, David Caldwell and Miss Sarah Ann Martin. " 16, by Rev. James Thompson, S. Miles Green and Miss Rachel Dorsey. " 16, by Rev. MoNaughton, William Cummins and Miss Martha McElhany. Nov. 3 by Rev. Riley, CharleB Litzinger and Miss Jane Mullin. " 20 by Rev. John Peebles, William D. Shaw and Miss Mary Dorris, of Alexandria. " 27 by Rev. JesBe Ash, Daniel J. Camp and Miss Martha J. Green, of Standing Stone Valley. Dec. 15 by Rev. Isaac Collins, James Saxton and Miss Mary Ann Fockler. " 30, by Rev. John Peebles, Matthew D. Gregg and Miss Ellen McMurtrie. 1830. Jan. 6 by Thomas Johnston, Esq., Abraham R. Crain and Miss Jane McKnight, both of Logan's Valley. " 8 by Thomas JohnBton, Esq., Edward McKiernan and Miss Catharine Stanley. " 15 by Rev. James Thompson, Thomas Ross and Miss Ann Zimmerman. « 22, Abraham Everly and Miss Sidney Love. " 27 by Rev. John Peebles, James M. Bell and Miss Mary Ward. " 29 by Daniel Africa, Esq., John Keim and Miss Jane Stewart. 492 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Deaths. 1807. Feb. 3, John Simpson, of the borough. March 3, Mrs. Sias, wife of James Sias, of Mill Creek. 1810. Sept. 1, James Maize. 1811. Feb. 10, Miss Catharine Allison. ** 24, at Chambersburg, Catharine, wife of James Orbison. March 31, a daughter of John Patton, aged 3 years. July 11, John Reed, of Raystown Branch. " 23, MrB. McAlevy, wife of Gen. William McAlevy, of Stand ing Stone Valley. Aug. 27, Robert McCartney, of Spruce Creek Valley, in his 62d year. Sept. 9, Maj. William Henderson, in his 56th year; a soldier of the Revolution. Nov. 5, Col. George Ashman, of Three Springs, in his 72d year. 1812. Feb. 3, Rev. Jesse Pennell. March 13, James Orbison, of Chambersburg, " 13, John Ramsey, of Burnt CabinB. " 21, Rev. Samuel Lane, of Mill Creek. April 6, Samuel Fisher, of Alexandria. May 1, Mrs. Vantries, wife of John Vantries. June 11, John McConnell, Jr , in his 5th year. " 12, Letitia, daughter of Johu Smart. " 26, Andrew Henderson, a soldier of the Revolution, in his 51st year. 1813. Feb. 1, William Johnston, near Petersburg, in his 59th year. April 28, Maj. David Caldwell, near Alexandria. June 17, Mrs. Sarah Fee, in her 83d year. July 20, Miss Eleanor, daughter of William Miller. Aug. 9, John Dorland, a soldier of the Revolution. Oct. 3, Thomas Johnston, near Alexandria. " 3, Robert Law, of Sinking Valley. 1814. Feb. 23, Mrs. Glazier (wife of Daniel?). April 28, Jane, daughter of Samuel Steel. Oct. 23, Minerva, daughter of Daniel Carpenter, in her 24th year. Dec. 17, a son of Nathan Gorsuch, in his 18th year. 1819. Jan. 21, William McDermitt, of Spruce Creek. March 28, Laznrns B. McLain, on Clover Creek. April 24, John McKenuan, who for twenty years before bad been a distinguished teacher of the borough. May 18, Catharine, wife of William States, of Woodcock Valley. June 20, James Kennedy, school-master, of Woodcock Valley. " 20, Jared Boyd, Jr., of Shaver's Creek. July 28, Mis. Stevens, widow of Peter Stevens, deceased. Aug. 26, Miss Margaret, daughter of John Blair, of Blair's Gap. 11 27, Alexander Blair, of Frankstown settlement. Sept. 28, John Neff, Sr., near Petersburg. October, William Holliday, an old and respected citizen of Franks- town settlement. " In New York, of yellow fever, George, son of James Sax ton, of Huntingdon. 1820. February, Thomas Weston, of Warrior's Mark. Feb. 25, Israel Myerly, of Trough Creek. June 15, Mrs. Hyneman. " George Hudson, of Dublin township. James Morrison, near Aughwick Falls. David McMurray, in Frankstown. July 7, Alexander Ramsey, hatter. " 15, youngest son of Israel Cryder. " 24, Mrs. Sarah, wife of John Scott, of Alexandria. Aug. 10, Richard Chilcott, of Trough Creek settlement. " 11, Mrs. Cryder, wife of Daniel Cryder. Oct. 13, John Brown, in Kishacoquillas Valley. Nov. 28, John Marks, aged 68 years. Dec. 16, at the house of her eldest son, Thomas Stains, in Spring field township, Mrs. Sarah Styles, in her 94th year. When 20 years old she married Mr. Staines, who was then in his 77th year. They had nine children. He died aged 105 years. After his death she married David Styles. Dec. 31, Thomas Ker. 1821. Jan. 3, Mrs. Eliza, wife of William R. Smith. " 13, Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Newingham. " 30, Jane, daughter of John Armitage, of Petersburg. March 14, Mrs. Mary McKennan, widow of John McKennan, de ceased, in her 47th year. March 23, Mrs. Mary, wife of John Crawford, of West township. " 24, Mrs. Piper, at an advanced age, in the borough of Hunt ingdon. April 9, John Dean, of Raystown Branch, in the 82d year of hia age. (Mr. Dean was one of the earliest improvers in Little Trough" Creek Valley. See Union township, page 373.) " 20, Robert Stitt, of Alexandria. " 20, Mrs. Jenkins, of Alexandria. May 4, Mrs. Ann Laird, wife of William Laird, of Hart's Log Valley, aged 42 years and 26 days. " 5, Dr. Thomas P. Anthony, in his 28th year. " 13, Mi-s. Ferguson, wife of James Ferguson. June 7, John Walker, of Alexandria, in his 63d year. Sept. 26, John McConnell, Jr., in Woodcock Valley, in his 34th year. " Nov. 1, Ludwick Hoover, of Woodcock Valley. " 13, George Armitage, in the vicinity of Huntingdon. 1822. Feb. 25, Ellinor Maize, aged 25 years. 1823. May 18, Jared, son of Casper Snare, aged 21 years. 1824. Jan. 8, John McCabe, in his 49th year. " 24, Mrs. Mary, wife of Peter Nail. " 27, Mrs Elizabeth, wife of Alexander McKennan. March 1, Lucretia, youngest daughter of Isaac Dorland. " 18, Mrs. Norusky, wife of Martin Norusky, of Smithfield. " 20, John, son of John Grove, of Hart's Log Valley. April 11, James Clarke, aged 78 years. On the 13th his remains were interred with Masonic honors by the brethren of Mount Moriah Lodge, No. 178. " James Stewart, near Etna Iron-Works, one of the early settlers in that viciuity. June 3, Capt. James Irwine, of Antes township. " 5, Mrs. Hewit, wife of Peter Hewit, of Hollidaysburg. " Robert Riddle, at an advanced age. " 28, Mrs. Louisa Jane, wife of Wray Maize, of Hollidaysburg, in her 37tU 3'ear. July 17, William Stewart, of Shaver's Creek Valley, at an advanced age. " 24, Mrs. Elizabeth, wife of "Ephraim Galbraith, of Franks- town. Aug. 22, Daniel Lambert, of Porter township. " 29, Mrs. Morrison, wife of John Morrison, of the vicinity of Petersburg. " 30, Michael Garber, at Hollidaysburg, in his 82d year. Sept. 5, Thomas Kyler, at Lewistown, formerly of Standing Stone Valley. Oct. 10, Thomas Patterson, in his 52d year. " 12, Thomas Murphy, at an advanced age. " 19, George Feay. near Williamsburg. " Kimher A. Barton, in Shirleysburg. " 23, Dr. John E. Buchanan, in Alexandria. Dec. 28, Christian Long, at an advanced age. 1825. January, Mrs. Provines, widow of Thomas Provines, deceased. Feb. 2, Michael Brudenbaugh, near Petersburg. " 5, James Elliott, at Armagh, at an advanced age. He was formerly a resident of Huntingdon. March 5, Joseph Graffius, in hia 22d year. " 13, James Ramsey, of Shaver's Creek, iu his 20th year. April 21, Rev. Matthew Stevens, at his residence on Shaver's Creek, at an advanced age. " 22, Mrs. Elizabeth, wife of Daniel Moore, in Scotch Valley. She and her husband settled on the farm where Bbe died, in the year 1775. May 17, Simon Logan, in Springfield township. June 9, the only son of John Williamson and a young daughter of William R. Smith. " 26, Villinm McKennan, in WilliamBburg. " 26, William Stitt, in Alexandria. " 30, Mrs. Nancy, wife of Alexander King. July 16, John, son of William Steel. " 16, Thomas McGranahan, near Newry. Aug. 1, William Lovell, Jr., of Trough Creek Valley. " Mrs. McMurray, in Frankstown, in her 55th year. " 3, Martha, daughter of Levi Westbrook. " 5, James, son of Robert Cresswell, in his 8th year. " 8, Dr. William, son of Samuel Steel, in his 30th year. " 10, Margaret, daughter of Levi WeBtbrook. HUNTINGDON BOROUGH. 493 Aug. 13, Robert, son of William Dorris. Sept. 16, Wilson Lee Saxton, in his 22d year. " 19, Mrs. Mary, wife of Joseph Patton, of Frankstown. Oct. 8, John Thompson, of Woodcock Valley. " 26, George W. Mytinger, at MayBvUle, Ky., aged 40 years and 6 months. " 29, Mrs Byers. Nov. 9, James T. Scott, at Philipsburg, a resident of Hunting don, in his 34th year. " 23, Abraham Moyers, in Woodcock Valley. Dec. 11,, Christian Oyer, in Barree township, in his 73d year. " 22, John Baker, of Woodcock Valley. " Mrs. Patterson, wife of Thomas Patterson, of Williams burg. " 31, Jacob Fisher, of Alexandria, in his 26th year. 1826. Jan. 1, John Graffius, of Raystown Brauch, at an advanced age. " 10, Mrs. Lydia Simpson, in her 84th year. " 14, Thomas McElroy, of Porter township, at an advanced age. " 15, Mrs. Dearmet, wife of James Dearmet, Sr., of West town ship. " 26, Robert Young, of Shirleysburg, formerly a member of the House of Representatives from this county. " 26, Isaac Byers, at an advanced age. Feb. 18, Mrs. Leah, wife of James McCabe, aged 20 years. " 26, JameB Wilson, in Henderson township, in his 87th year. March 3, John Brotherline, of Williamsburg. April 12, David Stewart, in Canoe Valley, aged 68 years. He held the office of associate judge for 35 years. " 17, Gershom Lambert, at Mill Creek, i» bis 67th year. " 26, Mrs. Margaret, widow of John Simpson, of this. borough. " 26, Frederick Crissman, of Sinking Valley, aged 99 years and 2 months. May 3, Mr. Peightal, of Standing Stone Valley, at an advanced age. " 6, Miss Mary, daughter of William Ker. " 12, Miss Mary, daughter of Isaac Byers, deceased. June 1, Caleb Roller, near Williamsburg. " 25, Mrs. Dean, wife of John Dean. July 17, Mrs. Martha Coulter, of Henderson township. " 22, Mrs. Mary Moreland, in Springfield township, at an ad vanced age. " 27, John WilliamBon, Jr., in Henderson township. " 29, John, sou of Levi Westbrook, in bis 15th year. " 29, Jacob Lutz, an aged citizen of Shirley township. " 30, Mrs. Showalter, at an advanced age. » _ William Ross, near Drake's Ferry, at the advanced age of 105 years. Ang. 2, Mrs. Elizabeth, widow of William Corbin, of Raystown v Branch. " 3, John Stewart, of Canoe Valley. " 8, Alexander King, aged 75 years. Mr. King was a native of Ireland, and came to America in 1773 or 1774. He entered the American army, and participated in the principal battles of the Revolution. Having belonged to the Masonic order, hia remains were attended to the cemetery by the members of lodge No. 178. " 11, Mre. Westbrook, wife of Levi Westbrook, of Smithfield. " " Samuel Drake, of Drake's Ferry. " 23, Christian Port, of Smithfield. " 24, Mis. Heckendorn, wife of John Heckendorn, of Smith- field. " 29, John McNamara, of lockjaw, resulting from a wound received from a splinter on the back of his hand, Sept. 2, Joseph Galbraith, of Allegheny township. " 12, MisB Mary, daughter of Martin Graffius, in her 19th year. 11 13, Miss Mary, daughter of John Glazier, in her 19th year. " 16, Oliver Cromwell, of Shirley township. " " Mrs. Africa, wife of Jacob Africa, Sr., of Huntingdon. " John Barr, of Raystown Branch, at an advanced age, " 23, Samuel Marshall, formerly of Spruce Creek. " 29, Miss Grace, daughter of Job n Crawford, of West township. Oct. 3, Miss Mary, daughter of Jacob Africa, Sr. " 6, Mrs. Maria Catharine, wife of Lawrence Shultz, in her 77th year. " 13, Thomas Pollock, of Shirley townBhip, aged 70 years. Nov. 3, Jacob Cross, in Porter township, killed in a wrestling- match. Nov. 26, Mrs. Reed, wife of James Reed, of West township, at an advanced age. Deo. 2, Mrs. Sarah, wife of Armstrong Crawford, of Sinking Valley. " 4, George Hyle, of Alexandria. " 20, Mrs. Hall, widow of John Hall, deceased, of Union township. 1827. Jan. 9, John Carmon, of Standing Stone Valley, at an advanced age. " 13, Abraham, son of John Miller, aged about 13 years. (He had been skating during very cold weather, and one of his legs became frozen, and despite all medical skill death ensued.) " 23, Peter Igo. " 25, Mrs. Steel, wife of Nathaniel Steel. " 26, Mrs. Margaret, wife of David Snare. " 28, Mrs. Shively, wife of Solomon Shively. Feb. 1, John Thomas, -barber. " 3, Joseph Dowler, of the Big Lick woods, at an advanced age. Willium StateB, St,, of Woodcock Valley. " 24, Mrs. Eleanor, wife of Samuel Steel, of Franklin township, aged 23 years. Feb. 28, Mrs. Mary, wife of James Miller, of Henderson township. March 7, MisB Ann, daughter of Daniel Rothrock. " 25, Solomon Shively, at Sugar Grove Farm. " 25, Miss Sarah McKennan, in her 17th year. April 1, Mrs. Isett, wife of Jacob Isett, of Sinking Valley. " 1, William Miller, tailor, of Henderson township. " 11, John George Mytinger, of Water Street. " 12, Mrs. Mary, wife of George Fockler. " Mrs. Ashman, widow of Col. George Ashman, deceased, of Springfield township, at an advanced age. " 20, Richard Shirley, aged 22 years. " 30, Gen. John Spencer, formerly of this county, drowned, in the State of Ohio. May 10, Mrs. Mary Keim, wife of John Keim, formerly of Hunt ingdon, in Newark, Ohip. " 26, Mrs. Oyer, widow of Christian Oyer, deceased, aged about 73 years. " 31, Mrs. Sarah, wife of Samuel Hemphill. June 9, Isaac Byers, of Huntingdon. u Henry Hubbell, of Springfield township. " 12, Mrs. Barnet, at an advanced age. " 15, Mis. Rebecca, widow of John Steel, of Williamsburg, de- censed. July 21, John Morrison, at an advanced age. Aug. 5, Adam Eichelberger, in Barree township. " 6, Matthew Wright, of Henderson township, aged 77 years. " 17, Mrs. Mary, wife of William Porter, of Henderson town ship, at an advanced age. " 21, Lawrence Shnltze, in his 88th year. " 25, Daniel Weaver, wagon-maker. " 25, Elizabeth, daughter of James Clarke, of Birmingham. " 26, Philip Stever, of Union tuwnship, aged 34 years. Sept. 7, Mrs. Mary, widow of Thomas Ker, deceased, at an advanced age. " 9, Miss Margaret Williamson, in Henderson township. " John Reed, of Hopewell township. 41 Mrs. Lowry, widow of Lazarus Lowry, deceased. " 26, Mrs. Rebecca Donaldson. " 25, Alexander Donaldson, husband of the above, aged about 73 years. " Daniel Moore, in Scotch Valley, in his 77th year, an early settler. Oct. 6, Frederick Nail. " Ephraim Jackson. " 9, George Stever, an old citizen of Trough Creek Valley. " 9, Mrs. Mary Parkinson, at an advanced age. " 19, James M. Barbour, at Franklin, former editor of the Hun tingdon Republican. Nov. 1, Adam Stonebraker, at Bald Eagle Furnace, aged 77 years, a soldier of the Revolution.1 He received two wounds at the battle of Monmouth. " 8, Benjamin R. Steveus, attorn ey-at-law. i See page 105. 494 HISTORY OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. December, Daniel Carpenter, in the 79th year of his age, at the residence of his son in Westmoreland County. The deceased, formerly a resident of Huntingdon, was an officer in the Revolutionary war. " Elisha Davis, near Tyrone Forges. 1828. Jan. 7, George Yingling, in his 20th year. " 21, Mrs. Margaret, widow of Valentine Peightal, deceased, of Standing Stone Valley, aged 66 years. " 31, Mrs. Jane, wife of James Clarke, of Birmingham, aged 25 years. Feb. 1, Christian Colstock, an early settler, at an advanced age. " 1, Mrs. Dorris, in Alexandria. " 7, Mrs. Catharine, wife of John Isenberg, carpenter, of Hun tingdon. " 29, Mrs Dowler, wife of Richard Dowler, at an advanced age. " 29, Miss Sarah, daughter of James Clarke, of Birmingham. March 19, Mrs. Molly, widow of John Marks, deceased, aged about 77 years. " 20, Barton McMullin, in his 35th year. " 21, Caleb Armitage, of Mill Creek settlement. •* 26, Joshua Ennis, of Standing Stone Valley, in his 69th year. '* 27, William Wemyss Smith, at the Cypress Cottage, in his 34th year. 14 31, James Jameson, of the Burnt Cabins, in his 88th year. April 9, John Davis, in his 74th year. 44 24, Michael Keller, a veteran of the Revolution, at his resi dence in Canoe Valley, aged 96 years, 8 months, and 10 days. 44 25, Miss Susanna Glazier, aged 26 years. May 6, JameB Davis. " 7, Robert Black, of Barree township, aged 86 years. 41 25, Mrs. Sarah, wife of Matthew Glasgow. 44 28, James, son of Robert Simpson, aged 19 years. June 7, Peter Hoffman, of Smithfield, in his 65th year. " 14, Samuel Renner, at an advanced age. 44 27, Mrs. Jane, wife of Samuel Steel, of Huntingdon. July 21, Mrs. Green, wife of Elisha Green, of Standing Stone Valley, at an advanced age. July 27, Miss Catharine, daughter of James Saxton, in her 18th year. 41 28, William Moore, of Woodcock Valley, at a very advanced age. Aug. 3, Miss Margaret, daughter of John Smart, in her 19th year. " 10, Mrs. Elizabeth, wife of Barton McMullin. " 17, Miss Margaret, daughter of Patrick Gwin, aged about 18 years. *' 21, Mrs. Mary, wife of John Westbrook, " 26, John Africa, son of Michael. Sept. 2, William Enyeart, of Raystown Branch, at a very advanced age. 41 3, William, only son of Robert Allison. " 3, Mrs. Susanna, wife of Lewis Fondersmith, aged 44 yean and 10 months. " 11, Samuel Fluke, in Williamsburg. 14 11, Michael Baumgartner, in Trough Creek Valley, aged 25 years. " Mr. Wigton, on Spruce Creek. " 16, Solomon, son of John Hoover, of Woodcock Valley. " 16, Joseph, son of Robert Wray. " 23, Samuel Hemphill- Oct. 3, Mrs. Catharine, wife of Joseph White, in her 60th year. " 4, Mrs. Mary, wife of Daniel Huyett, of Washington Comity Md., in her 41st year.1 Nov. 12, Mrs. Elizabeth, wife of William Allen. 44 14, Miss Sophie, daughter of Henry Dopp. 44 16, Mrs. Hettie, wife of Robert Hanna, of Union Furnace, in her 38th year. 44 19, Mrs. Susan, wife of John White. 41 24, Mrs. Elizabeth, wife of Joseph Dowler. Dec. 2, Mrs. Elizabeth Smith, at Yellow Springs. " 5, Charles Raymond, in his 38th year. " 6, Samuel L. Green, near Yellow Springs. " 14, Mrs. Sarah, wife of Elijah Corbin, of Union township, aged 65 years, 8 months, and 14 days. 1829, Jan. 15, Abraham Green, of Springfield township. 1 She was a daughter of Peter Swoope, of Huntingdon. ADDENDA. The following was received too late for insertion in its proper place on page 241. George Anshutz, the pioneer of the iron interests in the upper part of the valley of the Juniata, was born in Alsace, France, Nov. 28, 1753. His parents were Germans, but Alsace was at that time a part of the French territory. In his early years he acquired some knowledge of the iron business, and had for some time the management of a foundry near Strasburg. He emigrated to the United States in 1789, and soon afterwards commenced the erection of a furnace about four miles east of Fort Pitt, in a part of the city of Pittsburgh locally known as Shady-Side. It was ready for operations about 1792, and was chiefly em ployed in making stoves, grates, and other castings. Trie explorations for ore in the immediate vicinity were not successful, and the transportation from more remote deposits was attended with such difficulty and expense that the enterprise was abandoned as unre- munerative. In the grading for the Pennsylvania Railroad track in 1851 a part of the old structure was demolished, and subsequently in excavating the cellar of a house erected by Alexander Pitcairn the work men came upon a portion of the cinder pile. From this Mr. Anshutz went to John Probst's Westmore land Furnace, near Laughlinstown, and remained there as manager for about one year. He was anx ious for a wider field of operations, and doubtless reading in the Pittsburgh Gazette of Sept. 10, 1793, that iron was for sale at the Bedford Furnace, on the waters of the Juniata, he resolved to visit that region, with the view of examining its ores and erecting a furnace if the situation was found to be favorable. It was well known as early as 1792 that valuable de posits of ore existed on the waters of the Warrior's Mark Run, and in warrants for land taken out in that and subsequent years " iron banks" are mentioned. Thither Anshutz's steps were directed, and he was not long in deciding upon a location. The formation of a company, purchase of a site, and the commence ment of operations have been mentioned on a pre ceding page. After a few years' successful experience, it became necessary to have a representative at Pittsburgh, the principal market for the products of the furnace and the iron establishments that grew from it, when Mr. Anshutz selected his son George for that duty, who moved his family to Pittsburgh about 1809, or possi bly earlier, and as long as they retained an interest in the furnace, he gave personal attention to the busi ness of the company at that point and other places along the Ohio. About 1833, Mr. Anshutz moved to Pittsburgh, where he died Feb. 28, 1837. He had three sons — George, Christopher, and Jacob — and three daughters. George married, May 6, 1806, Martha, daughter of Johu Simpson, of Huntingdon. Their children were George S., Margaretta, who married Thomas Linford, Oliver R., Edmund Murray, and Theodore. Christo pher and Jacob died in Pittsburgh. Elizabeth, one of the daughters, never married, and the others be came, respectively, Mrs. Rahn, Mrs. Berry, and Mrs. Hailman, and all died in Pittsburgh, leaving numer ous descendants. Mr. George A. Berry, president of the Citizens' National Bank, is a son of Mrs. Berry, above named. ERRATA. Page 22, line 15 from bottom, read " Michael F. Black" instead of "Michael F. Buck." Page 293, line 30, read " yardB" instead of " years." Page 294, line 19, read " Barree Forge" instead of " Jack's Narrows." Page 308, line 10, read " 1760" instead of " 1860." Page 313, Juniata Forge was built about 1804 by Samuel Fah restock and George Shoenberger, father of Dr. Peter Shoenberger. The latter subsequently became the proprietor. Page 313, line 24, read " borough" instead of 44 village." Page 321, line 47, read John Dean, a son of Matthew. Page 325, line 31, read "Alexander Lowry" instead of " Walter Graham." Page 344, line 42, read " Edward Zuerner" instead of "Zanner." Page 348, line 5, read " comprised" instead of " compreBBed." Page 348, line 31, read " seventy -four" instead of" twenty-four." 495 INDEX OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY. Atoms, Joseph, 91. Adams, Thomas H., 358. Addenda, 495. Advocate, Republican, 60. Africa, J. Simpson, 470. Alexandria, 430. AlliBon, Robert, 73. Allison, Wm., 437. American Eagle, 60. American, Huntingdon, 61. Anderson, Alexander A., 101. Anderson, John P., 86, Anshutz, George, builds Huntingdon Furnace, 270, 274, 495. Arks and keel-boats, 31. Armagh township formed, 4. Armitage, G. Barton, 99. Armstrong's expedition to Kittanning, 19. Armstrong, John, murder of, 9. Ashman, George, 7, 246. Assembly, members of, 205. Attorneys-at-law, 65. B. Bailey, John M., 98. Banks : Central Banking Company, 358. First National, 469. Huntingdon Bank, 468. John Bare & Co., 471. Union Bank, 471. Barnet, 233. Barree Forge built, 54. Barree township formed, 4. Barree townBhip, 211 . assessments, 42, 211, 213. boundaries altered, 5. officers, 4. Beaver, Anthony J., 94. Beavertown, 368. Bedford County formed, 4. boundaries altered, 5, 44. lieutenants of, 106. . Bedford Furnace built, 54. Beers, L. H., 102. Bell, Garrettson 4 Co., 468. Bell, James M., 81. Bell presented by William Smith, D.D., 50. Benediot, Adin W., 86. Bench and Bar, 65. Birmingham, borough of, 393. Black, George, 441. Blair, David, 96. Blair, J. Sylvanus, 100. Blair's Mills, 367. Blanchard, John, 77. Bullingertown, 367. Bote, Huntingdon, 60. Brady township, 217. Breckenridge murdered in Woodcock Valley, 24. 32 Brethren's Normal College, 465. Brewster, John, 94. Broad Top City, borough of, 236. Broad Top Miner, The, 63. Brown, Charles G., 102. Brown, Harry A., 102. Brown, Samuel T., 97. Brumbaugh, A. B , 455. Burnside, Thomas, 76. Burnt Cabins, origin of name of, 18. Butz, Howard B., 102. Cadwallader, John, 71. Caldwell, David, 100. Caldwell family, 409, 411. Campbell, Thomas P., 85. Canal, construction of, 33. arrivals by, at Huntingdon, 34. officers on, 36. Canan, John, 70. Carbon townBhip, 228. Cass township, 237. Cassville, borough of, 241. Census enumerators, list of, 209. Census of 1880, 209. Charter to William Penn granted, 2. Chester County formed, 3. Chronicle, 59. Churches : Baptist : Broad Top City, 236. Centre Union, 336. Huntingdon, 450. Huntingdon (Cass township), 240. Juniata, 305. Mill Creek, 226. Saltillo, 251. Shirleysburg, 352. Springfield, 363. Standing Stone Creek, 319. Three Springs, 249. Warrior's Mark, 399. Brethren (German Baptist) : Aughwick, 350. Hare's Valley, 375. Huntingdon, 454. Penn townBhip, 339. Church of God (Winebrennarians) : Beavertown, 370. Coalmont, 234. Springfield township, 363. Evangelical Lutheran : Cassville, 243. HeuderBon township, 288. Huntingdon, 456. Juniata township, 305. Mill Creek, 228. Newburg, 370. Penn township, 339. Petersburg, 317. Churches — Evangelical Lutheran : Shaver's Creek, 408. Spruce Creek, 278. Standing Stone Valley, 301. Water Street, 327. Mennouites : Penn township, 339. Methodist Episcopal: Alexandria, 434. Bauman's (Cass township), 240. _._ Birmiugham, 397. Bland, Calvin, 375. - - Cassville, 244. Coalmont, 234. Cornelius (Cass townBhip), 240. Donation, 335. Dudley, 234. ~ Eagle Foundry, 369. Ennisville, 300. Franklinville, 279. Greenwood Furnace, 300. Hopewell, 291. Huntingdon, 457, 460. Manor Hill, 217. Mapleton, 378. Marklesburg, 339. McConnellstown, 386. McKendree (Cromwell township), 257. Mill Creek, 227. Monroe (Cromwell township), 257. Mooresville, 407. Mount Union, 360. - Newburg, 370. OrbiBonia, 263. Petersburg, 316. Bichvale, 366. Shade Gap, 267. - — Shirleysburg, 351. Spruce Creek, 327. Three Springs, 248. — Trough Creek, 369. „- Warrior's Mark, 398. Wesley, Miller township, 320. Wesley, Springfield township, 363. Methodist Protestant: Cassville, 245. Cole's Valley, 370, Dudley, 235. Hare's Valley, 374. Harmony, Union township, 374. Meadow Greeu, 251. Saltillo, 251. Presbyterian : Alexandria, 433. Bethel, West township, 407. Birmingham, 396. Hart's Log, 432. Huntingdon, 460. Lower Spruce Creek, 279. Mapleton, 378. Mount Union, 360. Orbisonia, 262. 497 498 INDEX OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY. Churches — Presbyterian : Petersburg, 316. Shade Gap, 268. Shaver's Creek (Jackson township) 300. Shaver's Creek Manor, 216. Shirleysburg, 351. Spruce Creek, 278. Standing Stone Valley (U. P.), 299. Unity, 288. Protestant Episcopal : St. John's, Huntingdon, 463. Trinity, Orbisonia, 264. Reformed of America: Alexandria, 433. Cromwell, 257. Hopewell township, 291. Huntingdon, 464. Keller (Morris township), 328. Lincoln (Zion's), 307. Marklesburg, 338. McConnellstown, 386. Orbisonia, 263. Saltillo, 251. Roman Catholic: Dudley, 235. Huntingdon, 456. St. Mary's (Black Log), 257. United Brethren in Christ: Birmingham, 399. Cass township, 240. Huntingdon, 464. Mount Union, 360. Mount Zion, Tell township, 366. Orbisonia, 263. Springfield (Mount Carmel), 363. Three Springs, 249. Warrior's Mark, 399. Clarkson, David, 94, 244. Clarkson, Mrs. Kate Walsh, 242. Clay township, 245. Clugage, Capt. Robert, 104, 252. Clugage, Capt. Thomas, 20. Clugage family, 252. Coalmont, borough of, 233. Coffee Run, 306. Commissioners, list of, 207. Congress, members of, 204. Constitutional Conventions, 51. Cookston, 233. Cooper, Thomas, 68. Corbin, A., 302. Corbin, Abraham, 302. Corbin, J. H. 0., 88. Cornyn, Augustus K., 80. Counties formed: Bedford', 4. Chester, 3. Cumberland, 3. Huntingdon, 48. Lancaster, 3. County officers, lists of, 206. Courier, The Huntingdon, 58, 60. Court-houses, 49. Courts, Bedford County, organized, 7. Courts, Huntingdon Connty, organized, 48, 67. Cove Station, 289. Crawford, 233. Crawford, James, S4. Cremer, Theodore H., 96. Cresswell family, 310, 403. Cresswell, G. M., 311. Croghan, George, 39. Cromwell township, 252. Cryder family, 420. Cryder, Michael, 7, 385, 420. Cumberland County formed, 3. Dean, John, 95. Deaths, 492. Derry township formed, 4. Devor, B. J., 101. Dewees, Percival P., 258. Directors of the poor, list of, 208. Dispatch, Orbisonia, 63. District attorneys, list of, 208. Dorland family, the, 437. Dorris, John D., 102. Dorris, William, 96. Dorris, William W., 101. Dublin township formed, 4. assessments of, 40. officers, 4. petition of inhabitants of, 21. Dublin township, 265. Dudley, borough of, 234. E. Eaton family carried off by the Indians, 23, 218. Eby, Samuel, 2S5. Election districts formed, 6, 49. Barree, Hopewell, and Frankstown in Third, 6. Frankstown in Sixth, 6. Dublin township in Second, 6. Dublin and Shirley in Fifth, 6. returns of 1795, 447. returns of 1882, 447-18. Elliott, Benjamin, 7, 69, 437. English claim to Pennsylvania, 1. Ennisville, 29S. Entrekin, James, 306. Errata, 495. F. Fairfield, 406. Faust, Richard J., 356. Fisher, Horatio G., 478. Fisher, Isaac, 81. Fisher, Thomas, 469. Fithian, Rev. Philip's journal of a trip to Huntingdon, Warm Springs, Fort Shirley, etc., in 1775, 45. Fleming, James A., 101. Fleming, Samuel E., 99. Fleming, William A., 100. Forts : Anderson's, 20. Croghan's, 18. Fetter's, 20. Hartsock's, 20. Holliday's, 20. Lead-Mine, 20. Lowry's, 20. Lytle's, 20. McAlevy's, 20. McCormick's, 20. Roberdeau, 20. Shirley, 18, 46. Standing Stone, 19. Foust, B. R., 224. Franklin township, 268. Franklinville, 275. Frankstown township formed, 6. G. Galbraith, Robert, 7, 30, 66. Gazette, The Huntingdon, 59. Geissinger, L. S-, 101. Glasgow, Samuel L., 101. Globe, The Huntingdon, 61. Glock, John G., 351. Graffius family, 403, 417, 422. Grafton, 338. Grand jurors 1772-86, 7. Grantville, 338. Graysport, 326. Graysville, 275. Greenwood Furnace, 297. Guardian of Liberty, 59. Gwin, Alexander, S3. Gwin, James, 92. H. Hare, Jacob, a Tory, 22, 25. bis real estate sold, 47. Harris, John, settled on Susquehanna, 13. complained of by the Indians, 13. Hart, John, an Indian trader, 40. Hart's Log, 408. Heeter, Adam, 95. Heffner, Andrew, 381. Hefright, Frank, 482. Henderson, Andrew, 68. Hendei-son, D., 271. Henderson township, 280. Henry, S. E., 479. Herald, The Shirleysburg, 64. Hewitt, G. W., 430. Highways, streams declared, 30. Home Slonthly, 64. Hopewell township, 5, 288. Houtz, Dr. Daniel, 428. Huntingdon : borough of, 434. cemetery, 482. County erected, 48. early buildings, 443. fire department, 474. Furnace built, 55, 274. Gas-Light Company, 476. Gondolo Tannin Company, 476. hotels, 482. in 1775, 45. in 1788, 441. in 1792, 441. incorporated, 449. made a county town, 48. manufactures, 477. old residents, 443. Orphans' Home, 476. schools, 483. societies, 473. township formed, 6. Huston, Charles, 75. Huyett family, 415. Hyskell family, 388. I. Indian occupation of Pennsylvania, 8. paths or trails, 27. towns on Juniata River, 13. Indians abduct Mrs. Donaldson and children, 309. abduct Miss Ewing and Miss McCormick, 401. abduct Mrs. Elder and Felix Skelly, 289. abduct John Simonton, 321. carry off the Eaton family, 23. complain of settlers on the Juniata, 8, 13, 14. grow troublesome, 20. murder the Brecken ridges, 24, 337. Francis Donnelly, 308. James McClees and Mrs. Huston,292. the Dean family, 321. Peter Crum, 309. INDEX OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY. 499 Indians murder Levi Heeks, 273. Michael Skelly, 289. treaties with, 3, 4, 18. Intelligencer, Huntingdon, 60. Iron manufacture, 54. Iron-works: Barree, 424. Bedford Furnace, 60, 261. Berwick Forge and Juniata Iron-Works, 426. Coleraine, Elizabeth, Franklin, Sligb, Mil lington, Stockdale, and other forges on Spruce Creek, 274. Greenwood Furnaces, 297. Huntingdon Furnace, 274. in the county, 55. Juniata Forge, 313. Mill Creek Furnace, 223. Mitchell's Furnace, 297. Monroe Furnace, 215. Paradise Fnrnnce, 369. Pennsylvania Furnace, 274. Eebecca Furnace and Forge, 319. Bockhill Furnaces, 258. Rough and Ready Furnace, 292. Union Furnace, 325. Winchester Furnace, 258. Isett, John S., 276. J. Jack's Narrows, origin of name of, 9. Jackson, J. Chalmers, 101. Jackson township, 292. Jails, 51. Johnston, George W., 95. Johnston, Rev. John, list of marriages by, 56. Journal, Huntingdon, 60. Judges, list of, 206. Juniata, and tributaries, public highways, 31. Juniata township, 301. Jury commissioners, list of, 208. I Justices, Bedford County, 1771-87, 7. Justices of the peace, list of, 206. K. Ker, John, 91. Kittanning, Armstrong's expedition to, 19. Kittanning, Tory expedition to, 21, 25. Laborers, price of in 1780, 7. Lancaster County formed, 3. Laporte, John, 95. Lawyers, list of, 65. Lsader, The Orbisonia, 63. Leas, William B., 94. Legislature, members of, 205. License, persons recommended for, 1773-80, 7. Lieutenants, 7. Lincoln township, 305. Literary Museum, The Huntingdon, 61. Local News, The, 62. Local Paper, 247. Logan township, 307. Long, John, 94. ¦Loudenslagle (or Slagle), shot by a Tory, 213, 218. tovell, K. Allen, 453. Lowry, Lazarus and James, Indian traders, 40. tyle, Milton S., 99. lytle, P. M., 98. Madden, H. Clay, 100. Maddensville, 363. Manor Hill, 215. Mapleton, borough of, 375. Marklesburg, borough of, 337. Marriages, 489. Marriages, list of, performed by Bev. John Johnston, 56. Massey, Mordecai B., 87. Masseysburg, 215. Mattern, John W., 97. McAlevy, Gen. William, 22, 24, 293. McAievy's Fort, 298. McAteer, H. J., 426. McConnellstown, 383. McCune, Joseph, 91. McMullen, Barton, 81. McMurtrie, E. Stewart, 99. McNeil, M. M., 99. McNite, William, 346. McNite, William P., M.D., 347. McVitty, S., 250. McWilliams, Jonathan, 93. Meadow Gap, 363. Mears, J. F., 232. Messenger, Huntingdon, 62. Mexican war, 109. Miles, John G., 79. Military affairs : Capt. Thomas Clnggage at Fort Roberdeau, 20. letter of Capt. William McAlevy, 105. list of provincial officers, 102. Mexican war, 108. Eevolntionary war, 103. roll of Capt. Kobert Cluggage's company, 104. Capt. Edmund Tipton's company, 108. Capt. William MorriB' company, 107. troops at Standing Stone, 23. war of 1812, 107. war of the Rebellion, 110. Mill Creek village, 224. Miller, Graffus, 95. Minersville, 231. Monitor, The Huntingdon, 62. Montgomery, Thomas, 75. Mooresville, 406. Morris, Capt. William, company-roll, 107. Morris township, 320. Mosser, Oswill B., 366. Mount Union, borough of, 353. Mountain Voice, The, 64. Musser, J. Hall, 100. Myton, Thomas W., 100. N. Neff, Benjamin, 418. Neff family, 311, 418. Neff, Samuel, 419. Newburg, 368. Newspapers of the county, 58. Nossville, 366. O. Oath of allegiance required in 1777, 46. Officers, lists of county, 206. Oneida township, 328. Orbison, Bobert A., 100. Orbison, William, 73, 438. Orbison, William P., 95. Orbisonia, borough of, 260. Orlady, George B., 101. P. Paths, Indian, 27. Patton, Benjamin F., 94. Penn township, 336. Penn, William, arrived in Pennsylvania, 3. charter granted to, for Pennsylvania, 2. People's Defender, The, 62. Peters, Richard, report of proceeding to dis possess settlers on unpurchased lands, 15. Petersburg, borough of, 313. Petrikin, R. Bruce, 97. Pilgrim, The, 63. Porter township, 408. Postmasters at Huntingdon, 488. Post-offices, date of establishment of, 488. Post-offices, list of, 209. Potter, William W., 78. Powel, Robert Hare, 232. Press, the newspaper, 58. Primitive Christian, 63. Prothonotaries, list of, 207. Public-houses, licenses granted for, 7. Public roads, the first, 28. Quinter, James, 467. Q. R. Railroad, the Pennsylvania, constructed, 37. altitude of stations on, 37-38. the EaBt Broad Top, 37. the Huntingdon and Broad Top Moun tain, 37. Rangers, Capt. Boyd's company, 24. Reed, John, 87. Registers and recorders, list of, 207. Republican, Huntingdon, 60, 63. Rex, W. H., 376. Rich vale, 367. Riddle, James, 68. Road, State, over the Allegheny Mountains, 29. Roads, early, in the upper Juniata Valley, 27, 28. first public, 28, 266. turnpike, 31. Robertsdale, 231. Robley, Elliott, 377. Rock Hill, 262. Saltillo, borough of, 249. Sampson, John, 439. Saulsburg, 216. Scott, John, 96. Senate, members of, 205. Settlers on unpurchased lands complained of,15. their cabins burned, 16. warned off, 14. Shade Gap, borough of, 167. Shade Valley, 367. Shaffer, H. E., 99. Shaffersville, 325. Shaffner, M. R., 102. Shaver's Creek Manor, 211. Sheaver, Peter, an Indian trader, 40, 307. Sheriffs, lists of, 7, 206. Shirley townBhip, 6, 7, 340. Shirleysburg, borough of, 344, 348. Shock, J. F., 101. Simpson, J. Randolph, 99. Simpson, John, 439. Smith, Richard, 72. Smith, Thomas, 67. Smith, Thomas Duncan, 67. Smith, Rev. William, 436. Smith, William R., 74. Smithfield, 382. Soldiers of tho Revolution, 104. Speer, R. Milton, 98. Springfield township, 361. Spruce Creek, village of, 326. Standing Stone, the, described by John Harris, 27. described by Rev. P. Fithian, 46. 500 INDEX OF HUNTINGDON COUNTY. Standing Stone fort, 19. military at, 23. newspaper, 62. town, 48. Stair, Michael, 254. Steel, James, 78. Steel, William, 70. Stevens, Benjamin RPi 85. Stevens, Frank D., 357. Stewart, Alexander, 270. Stewart, David, 70. Stewart, John, 92. Stewart, J. Sewell, 85. Stewart, Thomas F., 93. Surveyors, county, list of, 208. Swane, George, 343. Sweet, W. H., 229. Swoope, Abraham W., 375. Swoope, 6. W. R., 355. Tavern-keepers licensed, 7. Taylor, George, 89. Taylor, William S., 102. Tell township, 364. Three Springs, borough of, 247. Thompson, George W., M.D., 355. Times, Mount Union, 64. Tipton, Capt. Edmond, company-roll, 108. Tod township, 368. Tories: expedition to Kittanning, 21, 25. Commission to try, 26. Township officers 1772-87, 6. Townships, formation, boundaries, assessments, and officers of: Armagh, 4. Barree, 4, 6, 42, 210. Bedford, 4. Brady, 217. Carbon, 228. Cass, 237. Clay, 245. Coleraine, 4. Cromwell, 252. Cumberland, 4. Derry, 4. Dublin, 4, 6, 40, 265. Franklin, 268. Frankstown, 6. Henderson, 280. . Hopewell, 5, 6, 288. Huntingdon, 6,7, 284. Jackson, 292. Juniata, 301. Townships : Lincoln, 305. Logan, 307. Miller, 317. Morris, 320. Oneida, 328. Penn, 336. Porter, 408. Shirley, 6, 7, 340. Springfield, 361. Tell, 364. Tod, 369. Tyrone, 6. Union, 371. Walker, 379. Warrior's Mark, 387. West, 401. Tradere' roads, 27. Traitors, confiscation of estates of, 46. Treasurers, county, list of, 207. Turnpikes, 31. money, 32. Tyhurst, Alfred, 473. Tyrone townBhip formed, 6. Union, the, 62. Union township, 371. W. Waite, H. H., 102. Walker, Jonathan, 68. Walker township, 379. Wallace, Robert, 83. War of 1755, 18. War of 1812, 107. War of the Rebellion, 110. Eighty-fourth Regiment, 150. Fifth Regiment, 113. Fifteenth Regiment, 116. Fifty -third Regiment, 131. Forty-first Regiment, Twelfth Re serves, 122. Forty-ninth Regiment, 124. Fourteenth Regiment, 115. Ninety-second Regiment, Ninth Cav alry, 160. One Hundred and Tenth Regiment, 163. One Hundred and Thirteenth Regi ment, Twelfth Cavalry, 173. One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regi ment, 176. War of the Rebellion: One Hundred and Forty-seventh Begi- ment, 185. One Hundred and Forty-ninth Regl. ment, 186. One Hundred and Eightieth Regiment Nineteenth Cavalry, 190. One Hundred and Eighty-fifth Regi ment, Twenty-second Cavalry, 192. One Hundred and Ninety-second Hegj. ' ment, 196. Seventy-sixth Regiment, 139. Seventy-seventh Regiment, 144. Sixty-second Regiment, 134. Tenth Regiment, 114. Third Regiment, 111. Third Regiment Emergency Men, 204. Thirty-fourth Regiment, Fifth Re serves, 118. Twenty-eighth Regiment, 116. Two Hundred and Second Regiment, 197. Two Hundred and Fifth Regiment, 198. Two Hundred and Eighth Regiment, 202. War of the Revolution, 103. Mexican, 108. Warm Springs, 334. in 1775, 45. Warrior's Mark township, 387. village, 392. Watchman, Democratic, 60. Water Street, 325. Watson, James, 483. Weaver, D. B., 288. Weiser, Conrad, 9, 10, 11, 13, 18, 28. West township, 401. Weston, John, 21, 22. Wharton, Samuel S., 84. White, Henry T., 88. Whitehead, John, 459. Williamson, John, 95. Williamson, William McK., 98. Wilson, Abraham S., 88. Wilson, Andrew Porter, 82. Wilson, Henry, 332. Woods, William H., 97. Woodward, George W., 77. Wright, Simeon, 372. Y. Young America, 64. Zeigler, Davis G., 101. BLAIE COUNTY. CONTENTS OF BLAIK COUNTY. CHAPTER I. Location, Topography, Mineral Resources, Present Rail roads, Etc. PAGE Location — Derivation of Name — Boundaries — Surface — Soil — Streams— Arch Spring and the Cave in Sinking Valley — Other Interesting Natural Features — Iron the Principal Manufacture — Primitive Furnaces — The Iron Establishments in 1856 — Present Furnaces — Where Situated and their Owners — Lead and Zinc Ores, Bituminous Coal, and Limestone — Brief Mention of present Internal Improvements — The • Pennsylvania Railroad and Branches— Course — Altitude — Stations — The abandoned Pennsyl vania Canal and Allegheny Portage Railroad — Bennington Rail road—Reference to other Pages ¦ 3 CHAPTER II. Civil Changes, Organization, Etc. Extinguishment of the Indian Title — Blair County as a part of Cumberland County— Of Bedford County— Of Huntingdon County —Early Efforts to Organize a New County — Final Success — Or ganization of Blair — Extracts from the Act — A Supplemental Act —Commissioners appointed to Locate the County-Seat — Governor Shuuk appoints County Officers — First Proceedings of the County Commissioners— They Lease Rooms for County Offices, Contract for the Building of Court-House and Jail, and Prepare Temporary Court-Room and Gaol— First Election of County Officers — Results —First Assessment for State and County Taxes— Organization of New Townships aud Boroughs— Number of Yotes Polled at Various Elections— Population in 1880 o CHAPTER III. Courts and Attorneys. Provisions of Organizing Act — County attached to the Sixteenth Judicial District— Jeremiah S. Black the First President Judge- Creation of the Twenty-fourth District— Judge George Taylor appointed— His First Court— His Election in 1851 — His Charac teristics—Judge John Dean elected in 1871 — Renominated in 1881 —Associate Judges — Various Cases Tried — Their Great Number— The First Suit— The First Case brought Originally— Number during the First Year— Number during the Years 1856, 1866, and 1876 — Various Cases reviewed in the Supreme Court, viz. : Shoen- toerger vs. Mulholland, Lowry vs. McMillan, Long vs. Labor, Hewitt vs. Huling, Royers* and McNamara's Appeals, G. L. Lloyd vs. John Barr, Patterson vs. Lytle, Lytle vs. Patterson, Fisher vs. Patterson, Hileman vs. Bonslough.... 8 CHAPTER IV. Attorneys 9 CHAPTER V. County Buildings, Etc. County Officera, Year of Election or Appointment 12 CHAPTER VI. The Press. Hollidaysburg Newspapers — Tho Aurora, the first Attempt— Extract from the first Editor's Valedictory Address — HollidayBburg Senti nel—Canal and Portage Register — Its changes in Name and Pro prietorship — Hollidaysburg Standard— Beacon Light — Demo cratic Standard — Blair County Whig — Its Changes to the Blair County Radical — The Shield— The Leader— Altoona Publications — Altoona Register — Altoona Tribune — Daily Tribune — Altoona Vindicator — Altoona Sun — Daily Sun — Altoona Baptist — The Evening Mirror — Democratic Call — Evening Call — Present Weekly, Daily, and Sunday Call — Living Age — The Globe — Home Base — Der Deutsche VolksfUhrer — Musical Advocate — Gospel Trumpet — Altoona Advance — Youth's Mirror— Our Work — Book- Keeper and Penman — Sunday Morning — City Directories — The Mirror Hand-Book — The FirBt Venture — Slop's History of Altoona and Blair County — Tyrone NewBpapers — American Era — Herald — Star — Western Hemisphere — Present Tyrone Herald — Tyrone Blade — Tyrone Democrats — Tyrone Times — Martinsburg News papers — Cove Echo — Williamsburg Newspapers — Temperance Vindicator — Williamsburg Independent 17 CHAPTER VII. The Medical Profession. Early Physicians — Drs. McCloskey, Bond, Buchanan, Alexander Johnston, Coffey, Metzger, Stark, Kneophler, Houtz, Kelsey, Wolf, Trimble, Hamill, John D. Ross, Thomas Johnston, Getty, and Schmidt; — The Blair County Medical Society — Organized in 1848 — Original Members — Subsequent Members — Present Officers — Present Members — Physicians who Practice in the County at the Present Time 21 CHAPTER VIII. County Societies — Insurance — Agricultural. The Blair County Protection Mutual Fire Insurance Company, etc. 24 CHAPTER IX. Allegheny Township. Early Residents — Erection of Township — Residents in 1794 — Resi dents in 1810 — Residents in 1820— Residents in 1831 — Villages — Manufacturing — Churches — Early Merchants and Inn-Keepers... 27 CHAPTER X. Allegheny Township — ( Continued) S3 CHAPTER XI. Antes Township 36 CHAPTER XII. Blair Township 47 CHAPTER XIII. Borough or Hollidaysburg 56 CHAPTER XIV. Catharine Township 94 CHAPTER XV. Frankstown Township 99 CHAPTER XVI. Freedom Township 109 CHAPTER XVII. Greenfield Township 114 iii IV CONTENTS OF BLAIR COUNTY. CHAPTER XVIII. PAGE Huston Township 122 CHAPTER XIX. Juniata Township 124 CHAPTER XX. Logan Township l27 CHAPTER XXI. City of Altoona I35 CHAPTER XXII. North Woodberry Township 183 CHAPTER XXIII. PACE Snyder Township ig2 CHAPTER XXIV. Tyrone Borough igg CHAPTER XXV. Taylor Township 219 CHAPTER XXVI. Tyrone Township 228 CHAPTER XXVII. Woodberry Township 237 ILL XJ S THATIOUS. PAGE Altoona, Plat of. facing 135 Anderson, John " 131 Bare, D. M " 223 Bell.G. T " 130 Bell, William .'. 130 Beyer, Aaron facing 44 Beyer, W. M between 144, 145 Blair, S. S facing 82 Buck.M. J " 140 Burley, 'Jacob between 196,197 Calvin, Samuel.. facing 80 Christy, J. T .'. " 138 Crawford, Robert - " 199 Dean, John between 82, 83 Dively, A. V " 144, 145 Dysart, J. H facing 173 Finley, William R " 137 Funk, James " 34 Geesey, Michael " 101 Hartman, J. L " 112 Heess, A. P ' 143 Hollidaysburg, Plat of. " 56 Hollidaysburg in 1814 61 Hollidaysburg Seminary facing 67 Hoover, R. S " 226 Hoover, R. S., Residence of. " 227 Humes, J. R between 86, 87 Irwin, Crawford facing 85 Isenberg, J. W " 141 Johnston, J. W " 120 JohnBton, J. W., Residence of. " 117 PAGE Landis, A. S facing 83 Landis, J. A " 84 Lloyd, A. M i. " 72 Lowther, James " 42 Mauk, George W., Residence of. 119 McLanahan, J. King facing 76 Moore, M. K " 100 Murphy, M. C ~ " HI Murray, William " 142 Neff.D. J " 144 Neff, John K " 247 Old Robison Farm-House 136 Piper, H. B facing 210 Plack, Lewis, Residence of. " 158 Pruner, E. J between 186, 187 Reamey, D. K facing 88 Rohrer, J. A between 86, 87 Ross, John D facing 249 Royer, John ~ " 238 Shaw, Edmund " 145 Shock, Daniel 118 Smith, G. W facing 86 Stayer, A. S " 224 Stewart, J. P ." " 73 Tribune Building, Altoona 146 Tussey, D. P facing 206 Tyrone Paper-Mills „ " 213 Tyrone Borough, Plat of. between 196, 197 Wheatley, W. M .facing 33 Wigton, T. H " 156 BLAIE COUNTY.1 CHAPTEE I. LOCATION, TOPOGRAPHY, MINERAL RESOURCES, PRESENT RAILROADS, Etc. Location— Derivation of Name — Boundaries — Surface — Soil — Streams — Arch Spring and the Cave in Sinking Valley — Other Interesting Natural Features — Iron the Principal Manufacture — Primitive Fur naces—The Iron Establishments in 1856 — Present Furnaces, where Situated and their Owners— Lead and Zinc Ores, Bituminous Coal, and Limestone — Brief Mention of present Internal Improvements — The Pennsylvania Railroad and Branches— Course — Altitude— Sta tions— The abandoned- Pennsylvania Canal and Allegheny Portage Railroad— Bennington Railroad — Reference to other Pages. Location. — Blair County, one of the interior di visions of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is situated southwest, yet not many miles distant from the geographical centre of the State. It was formed from parts of Huntingdon and Bedford Counties in 1846, and deriving its name from Hon. John Blair, a native of this region, and in his day one of the most prominent men in the State, became, in point of seniority, the fifty-ninth of the sixty-seven coun ties composing the present body politic. For its boundaries it has Clearfield and Centre Counties on the north, Huntingdon County on the east, Bedford County on the south, and Cambria County on the west, the crest of the Alleghenies, or the western boundary line of the vast tract ceded to the Penns by the Indians in 1754 (and confirmed by a supple mentary treaty held in 1758) being the division line between Blair and Cambria Counties. Topography. — The general surface is mountainous, for while the county includes within its limits the eastern slope of the Alleghenies, as far as its western boundary extends, in a north and- south direction, and the western slope of Tussey's Mountai n and Bald Eagle Ridge, which mountains divide this from Huntingdon County, Brush, Canoe, Dunning's, Short, Cove, and Lock Mountains, together with several other knobs of less altitude are also found within its borders. These mountains, however, are all rich in minerals, while the valleys are well watered and fertile. In deed, perhaps in all the State there are not finer farming regions or better farms than are seen in Mor rison's Cove and Sinking Valley. Logan's, Scotch, Md Canoe Valleys, as well as the country immedi ately surrounding the boroughs of Hollidaysburg 1 By John 8. Schonck. and Gaysport, are also very productive and excellent farming neighborhoods. The principal water-courses are the Little Juniata, the Beaver Dam, and the Frankstown branches of the Juniata River. The former is first observed in Logan township, from whence its course is northeast through Antes and Snyder townships to the borough of Tyrone, where it makes a sharp turn to the south east, and soon after, by skirting the northeast boun dary of Tyrone township, becomes for some three or four miles the boundary-line between Blair and Huntingdon Counties. The Beaver Dam Branch, formed by the junction of several small streams, which take their rise in Logan and Allegheny town ships, flows southeasterly through Blair township, constitutes the boundary-line between the boroughs of Hollidaysburg and Gaysport, and finally joins the Frankstown Branch, near the old town of Franks- town. The Frankstown Branch has its source among the high lands of Greenfield township and Bedford County, and flowing thence northeasterly through Greenfield, Freedom, and Blair townships, fills the old canal reservoir near Hollidaysburg, and again passes on to the junction with the Beaver Dam Branch near Frankstown. The united stream, still known as the Frankstown Branch, then continues a tortuous, though generally northeast, flow through Frankstown township, forms, for the major part of the distance, the boundary between Woodberry and Catharine townships; thence crosses the latter divi sion to Morris township, in Huntingdon, where it again becomes a boundary-line by separating Blair and Huntingdon Counties, until a point near Water Street post-office is reached, when it crosses the county line, and passes into Huntingdon County. Besides the streams already mentioned, each town ship of the county is also well supplied with its own local runs and rivulets ; separately they are unimpor tant as water-courses, yet, after each have run their own separate, sinuous, and eccentric course, all com bine, ultimately, to form the ever beautiful Juniata. Among these small streams may be named Bald Eagle Creek, Moore's, Sinking, Hutchinson's, Elk, and Three Springs Runs, in Snyder township; Taylor, Bell's Gap, Laurel, and Beaver Dam Buns, in Antes township; Elk, Arch Spring, and Sinking Runs, in Tyrone township; Homer's, Mill, Kittanning, Bur- HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. goons, and Brush Runs, in Logan township ; Blair Creek, Sugar, and Brush Runs, in Allegheny town ship ; Oldtown and Robinson's Runs and Canoe Creek, in Frankstown township ; Canoe Creek, Fox, Roaring, and Yellow Springs Runs, in Catharine township ; Clover and Piney Creeks, in North Wood berry, Huston, and Woodberry townships; Halter and Plum Creeks, in Taylor township ; Poplar and Brush Runs, in Blair township ; Poplar, McDonald, Dodson's, South Dry, and Paw Paw Runs, in Free dom township; Bobb's Creek, Blair Creek, Blue Knob, Poplar, and Dry Runs, in Juniata township ; Beaver Creek, Polecat, South Poplar, Amelia's, Bobb's, Dia mond, Queen Esther's, Pine, Smokey, and Roaring Spring Runs, in Greenfield township. The county has several other natural features, well worthy the attention of tourists and men of leisure. Said Mr. U. J. Jones, in 1856, " The Arch Spring and the cave in Sinking Valley are probably among the greatest curiosities to be found in any country. The spring gushes from an opening, arched by nature, in such force as to drive a mill, and then sinks into the earth again. The subterranean passage of the water can be traced for some distance by pits or openings, when it again emerges, runs along the surface among rocky hills until it enters a large cave, having the appearance of an immense tunnel. This cave has been explored as far as it will admit, — some four hundred feet, — where there is a large room, and where the water falls into a chasm or vortex, and finds a subterranean passage through Canoe Mountain, and emerges again at its southern base, along which it winds down to Water Street, and empties into the Juniata. "Another of these subterranean wonders is a run back of Tyrone City, where it sinks into the base of a limestone ridge, passes beneath a hill, and makes its appearance again at the edge of the town. The most remarkable spring, however, is one located on the right bank of the river, some seven miles below Hollidaysburg. The peculiar feature about this spring is the fact that it ebbs and flews with the same regu larity the tides do. The admirer of natural curiosities may arrive at it when it is brimming full or running over with the purest of limestone water, yet in a short time the water will commence receding, and within an hour or two the hole in the ground alone remains. Then a rumbling noise is heard up the hillside, and soon the water pours down until the spring is again overflowed. " In the town of Williamsburg, on the property of John K. Neff. Esq., there is a remarkable spring. It throws out a volume of water capable of operating a first-class mill, together with other machinery, although the distance from the spring to the river does not exceed the eighth of a mile. "At Spang's Mill, in Blair County, is by far the largest spring in the upper end of the valley.1 It has more the appearance of a small sub terranean river breaking out at the hillside than that of a spring. It is about three hundred yards long, varying in width from one hundred to one hundred and fifty feet. The water has a bluish-green tinge, and is so exceedingly pure that a drop of it placed under a microscope would show fewer auimalculse than a drop of river water would after being filtered. "Formerly it contained thousands upon thousands of the finest brook trout, hut of late years the number has been considerably diminished by the sportsmen who could obtain permission from Mr. Spang to entice them from their element with the tempting fly. A hundred feet from what is considered the end of the spring there is a large grist-mill driven l Meaning the Juniata Valley. by its waters, which empty into the eastern reservoir of the Pen nsylvanfa Canal after traversing a distance of about three mites. Within two miles from the head of the spring its waters furnish motive power to two grist-mills, a saw-mill, and four forges." Mineral Resources, etc^-Of its manufacturing interests iron takes the lead, and has done so for many years. Prior to the completion of the canal and Portage Railroad in 1833 there were a large number of small charcoal-furnaces and forges in this portion of Huntingdon County, and their product was hauled to Pittsburgh at a cost of from twenty to thirty dol lars per ton. In 1856 there were more than thirty iron establish ments in the county. At the present time there are ten furnaces at work in the county, which, when in full blast, are capable of producing considerably more than one thousand tons of iron per week ; besides, there are four rolling- mills and two nail-factories, all extensive works. The furnaces are known as the Allegheny and Ben nington, in Allegheny township ; Number One, in Gaysport; Number Two, in Hollidaysburg ; the Spring field, in Woodberry township ; the Gap, in Freedom township ; the Rodman, in Taylor township ; the Frankstown, in Frankstown township ; the Elizabeth, in Antes township ; and the Rebecca, in Huston town ship. Of these furnaces the Allegheny is owned by S. C. Baker ; the Bennington, Frankstown, Number One, and Number Two, by the Cambria Iron Com pany; the Springfield, by John Royer; the Gap, by the Hollidaysburg and Gap Iron- Works Company ; the Rodman, by John and Peter Duncan ; the Eliza beth, by the heirs of Martin Bell ; and the Rebecca, by the heirs of Edward H. Lytle. Besides its vast deposits of iron ore, the county is noted as having furnished lead for the use of the American forces during the war of the Revolution. In the locality (Sinking Valley) where lead has been obtained zinc has also been found. Limestone is abundant in every township, and the Alleghenies fur nish an inexhaustible supply of bituminous coal. Present Railroads, etc. — The Pennsylvania Rail road affords many, and we might add, unusual rail road facilities to the people of Blair County, and to this grand avenue of commerce are they chiefly in debted for their present prosperity. The main line enters the county at a point some three miles east of Tyrone, and thence runs in a general southwest course through the townships of Snyder, Antes, Logan, and Allegheny, leaving the county from the west border of the latter division. At Tyrone the road-bed attains an altitude of eight hundred and eighty-six feet above tide, while at the summit, near the western border of the county, it rises to the height of two thousand one hundred and sixty-one feet above the sea-level ; thus, in its passage across Blair County alone, it gains an increased height equivalent to twelve hundred and seventy-five feet, or more than four times the height of Harrisburg above the sea. CIVIL CHANGES, ORGANIZATION, ETC. The principal stations on the main line are Tyrone and the city of Altoona, the latter being also the chief commercial point in the county. Connecting with the main line at Altoona is a branch known as the Hollidaysburg Branch, which extends to Holli daysburg, and from that point radiate other lines, termed the Morrison's Cove, Williamsburg, Newry, Springfield, and Bloomfield Branches. Thus are the towns of Hollidaysburg, Newry, Roaring Springs, Martinsburg, Henrietta, and Williamsburg connected directly with the main stem. At Bell's Mills, in Antes township, a narrow-gauge line, the Bell's Gap Railroad, connects with the main stem, and extends to Lloydsville, in Cambria County. It is surrounded by grand and romantic scenery, and is visited by many strangers annually. The road is at present eight miles in length, but the company are building an extension which, when com pleted, will make a road twenty miles in length. The highest point is twelve hundred feet above Bell's Mills. The road-bed winds along the side of the mountain, and crosses gorges over seventy-five feet in depth, but when the crest is gained a beautiful resort named Rhododendron Park greets the view of the delighted excursionist. From Tyrone other branch roads leave the main line and run to Clearfield and Lock Haven ; to the latter via the Bald Eagle Valley route. Another important, but now abandoned, avenue of travel and commerce was the famous Pennsylvania Canal and the Allegheny Portage Railroad. The Juniata Division of the canal entered the county near Water Street, and thence followed the Frankstown Branch of the Juniata River in all its windings to Hollidaysburg, its terminus. Here it connected with the Portage Railroad, which, in crossing the Alleghe nies by inclined planes, proceeded northwesterly through Allegheny township. Various other railway routes have also been contemplated, some of them surveyed, and in one instance, that of the " Holli daysburg and Bennington Railroad and Mining Company," the work of construction was commenced and large sums of money expended in forming the road-bed ; but as the several topics referred to in this paragraph, as well as all other matters concerning internal improvements, are treated at length in other pages in this volurne, further remarks of this nature are omitted here, and we proceed at once to the con sideration of the civil history of the county since its organization. CHAPTER II. CIVIL CHANGES, ORGANIZATION, ETC. Extinguishment of the Indian Title — Blair County as a part of Cumber land County — Of Bedford County — Of Huntingdon County — Early Efforts to Organize a New County — Final Success— Organization of Blair — Extracts from the Act — A Supplemental Act — Commissioners appointed to Locate the County-Seat — Governor Shunk appoints County Officers — First Proceedings of the County Commissioners — They Lease Rooms for County Offices, Contract for the Building of Court-House and Jail, and Prepare Temporary Court-Room and Gaol — First Election of County Officers — Results — First Assessment for State and County Taxes — Organization of New Tuwnships and Bor oughs — Number of Votes Polled at VariouB Elections — Population in 1880. Civil Changes.— From July 6, 1754, the date when the Indian title to this immediate region was extin guished, to March 9, 1771, the territory now compris ing the county of Blair formed part of Cumberland County. At the latter date Bedford County was erected, and within its boundaries were embraced the lands constituting the present county of Blair, as well as Huntingdon, until after the close of the Revolu tionary struggle. In 1787 (September 20th) Hunting don was formed from Bedford, and to the first-named civil division was assigned the territory now comprised by Huntingdon and Blair Counties, except the town ships of North Woodberry and Greenfield, which still remained a part of Bedford. This condition of affairs, so far as it concerned the future county of Blair, ex isted until Feb. 26, 1846, when Blair County was erected from Bedford and Huntingdon. Meanwhile, during the third and fourth decades of this century, the citizens of Huntingdon County re siding west of the Tussey Mountain, especially those of Hollidaysburg, began to agitate the question of a separate1 county organization. The completion and successful operation of the canal and Portage Railroad had added largely to the population and values, and notwithstanding the opposition encountered from those inhabitants of Huntingdon and Bedford Coun ties who opposed the measure, the determination, perseverance, and strength displayed by the am bitious Hollidaysburgers was destined to win. Organization, etc. — Therefore, during the legisla tive session of 1845-46, an act was passed and approved by Governor Francis R. Shunk, Feb. 26, 1846, of which the following sections are excerpts : 1 The erection of a new county was agitated as early as 1839, and at a public meeting called for the consideration of this project, and held in the Methodist Episcopal house of worship iu Hollidaysburg on January 21st of that year, Christian Garber whs elected president. A committee, composed of William Williams, Peter Cnssiday, Dr. James Coffey, Peter Hewit, John Walker, Samuel Calvin, Esq., and Edward McGraw, was then appointed to determine the proper boundaries of the proposed new county, to draft petitions, to have the same printed, and after having procured the necessary signatures to forward the same to the State Leg islature. The members of this committee performed their task thor oughly and well, but, as we shall see, their efforts failed, or rather the question was held in abeyance a few years. HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. " Section 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and Bouse of Representatives of the Commonwealth, of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same, That the -territory within the town ships of North Woodbury1 and Greenfield, in the county of Bedford, and the territory within the townships of Allegheny, Antes, Snyder, Tyrone, Frankstown, Blair, Huston, and "Woodbury, and within that part of Morris township lying westward of the line lately run by William Reed and other viewers, under an order of court, for the purpose of dividing the same, in the county of Huntingdon, are hereby erected ac cording to said boundaries into a new and separate county, to be called 'Blair;' and the inhabitants thereof shall, frum the fourth Monday of July next, have all such courts, jurisdictions, offices, rights, and privi leges as tho inhabitants of the other counties of this commonwealth are or may be entitled to. ********** "Section 2. That each of the portions of said Morris township, ac cording to the said division line made by William Reed and others, shall hereafter be separate and distinct townships fur all purposes; the por tion lying westward of said line to be called Catherine township, and shall hold its general and township elections at the house now occupied by Walter Graham. ********** " Section 3. That the qualified electors of said new county shall, at their next general election, elect three citizens thereof as commissioners for said county, one of whom shall serve for one year, one for two years, and one for three years, and to be accordingly designated on the ticket of the electors ; and said commissioners, together with their successors in office, shall be qualified and elected according to existing laws re specting such officers ; and at the Bame time said electors shallalso elect three citizens to serve as county auditors, to be designated as to their term of service as aforesaid, one thereof to serve for one year, one for two years, and one for three years, who, together with their successors in office, shall be qualified and elected in the same manner as the audi tors of other counties. " Section 4. That said commissioners shall have full power to take to themselves and their successors in office sufficient deeds and assurances in law for such lots or pieces of ground as shall have been selected for sites for the public buildings of said county under the provisions of the thirteenth section of this act. "Section 5. That the return judges of elections in said county of Blair shall meet at the place where the courts may he held in said county, and having received the returns, shall dispose of the same as is directed by law with respect to other counties. "Section 6. That one person shall fill the offices of prothonotary, clerk of the Courts of General Quarter Sessions of Oyer and Terminer, and of the Orphans' Court in said county of Blair, and one person shall fill the offices of register of wills and of recorder of deeds in said county. " Section 7. That until the court-house shall be erected, as hereinafter authorized, the several courts of said county of Blair shall be held in such house, within said county, as Bhall be designated by the commis sioners thereof elected at the next general election. "Section 8. The county of Blair shall be annexed to and compose part of the Sixteenth Judicial District of this commonwealth, and the courts shall be held and commence as follows, to wit : on the fourth Mon day of March, July, October, and December in each year, and the first court shall be held in the said county of Blair on the fourth Monday of October next. **********" Section 12. That the said county of Blair shall be attached to and connected with the Seventeenth Congressional District, and the quali fied electors of the county of Blair, together with the counties of Hunt ingdon, Centre, Mifflin, and Juniata, shall continue to elect a member of Congress ; and the qualified electors of the counties of Blair, Hunt ingdon, and Bedford shall continue to elect a senator of the State Legis lature ; and the said counties of Blair and Huntingdon shall each elect one member of the House of Representatives of this commonwealth. " Section 13. That the Governor be and he is hereby authorized and required, on or before the firet day of May next ensuing, to appoint three judicious and disinterested persons, not resident in the counties of Huntingdon, Bedford, or Blair, as commissioners, whose duty it shall be, after being duly sworn to perform their duties with fidelity, to run correctly, ascertain, and mark the boundary lines of said county of Blair, 1 The reader is aware, doubtless, that this word is commonly written Woodberry, but its orthographical construction in the text of the act quoted is as shown above. and to fix upon a proper and convenient site or location for tho seat of justice of said county of Blair, and for a court-house, prison, and county offices within and for said county of Blair ; and that the said commis sioners, or a majority of them, having run, ascertained, and marked the boundary lines aforesaid, or caused the same to be done, and fixed the site or localion which they shall have chosen for the purpose or purpoaes aforesaid, shall, on or before the 1st day of August next, by a written report under their hands and seals, or a majority of them, certify de scribe, and limit the site or location which they shall have chosen for the purpose or purposes aforesaid ; and make out a correct plot or draft of the said county of Blair, and shall transmit the said report and draft to the Secretary of the Commonwealth ; and the said commissioners Bhall each receive two dollars per day for their services, together with their reasonable expenses in running or causing to be run the said boundary lines, aud in doing what is required to be done by them, out of the moneys to be raised in pursuance of this act: Provided, That the said commissioners, in and on or before fixing tbe site and location of the seat of justice, court-house, prison, and county offices, for the use and benefit of said county of Blair, shall and are hereby authorized and required to receive propositions and agreements from any and all per- sous willing and desirous to make the same for the building of said court-house, prison, and county offices, or any of them at their own ex pense, free of charge to said county, or for the giving of money, land, or other valuable things, for, towards, or in part of the expense of building the same, or any of them, by which propositions and agreements the person or persons making tbe same shall be bound to and for the use of the said county of Blair, if the terms and conditions of the same, or any of them, are acceded to and concurred in by the said commissioners; and tlie said commissioners shall take into consideration and he influ enced by such said propositions and agreements in fixing and determin ing upon the site or location of the seat of justice, court-house, prison, or jail, and county offices of and for the said county of Blair; Andpro- vided further, That in case the seat of justice, court-house, prison or jail, and county offices of and for said county of Blair should be located hy the said commissioners at or within the limits of Hollidaysburg or Gays port, in said county of Blair, the bond bearing date the twenty-ninth day of August, Anno Domini eighteen hundred and forty-five, in the penal sum of twenty thousand dollars, conditioned to indemnify and se cure the inhabitants of the said county, created or to be created by this act against any increase of county taxes by reason of or for the erection of the said court-house, public offices, and jail of said county created or to be created by this act, signed by James Gardner, Samuel Calvin, and others^ and deposited in the oflice of the branch of the Exchange Bank of Pittsburgh at Hollidaysburg, on said day shall be binding on the obligors therein and thereto according to the terms and conditions thereof; and any other like or similar bond or instruments of writing which may be given by other persons in relation to the location of the seat of justice of said county of Blair at any other point, town, or place, within the limits of the said county of Blair, shall in like manner be binding on the obligors or signers therein and thereto." On the 20th of April, 1846, a supplemental act was approved, which directed that the first court be held on the fourth Monday of July, 1846, and that the October courts be held on the third Monday of October in each year ; "and in all the other sections of said act, wherein the words fourth Monday of July are contained, the same are hereby altered and amended, so as to read and be in each of said sections the second Monday of June; and the Governor shall, on or before said second Monday of Jnne next, appoint three judicious persons as commissioners of said county, to serve until their successors shall be duly elected and qualified, who shall per form the usual duties of county commissioners, together with such duties in relation to jurors and a place for holding the courts as by Baid act were imposed on the commissioners to be elected at the next general election." In accordance with the provisions of the foregoing act an'd its amendments, Governor Shunk appointed Henry McBride, of Westmoreland, Gen. Orr, of Arm strong, and Judge Christy, of Juniata Counties, com missioners to run the county lines and designate the county-seat. These commissioners performed the CIVIL CHANGES, ORGANIZATION, ETC. duties imposed upon them promptly, and selected Hollidaysburg as the seat of justice. Prior to June 1, 1846, or very soon thereafter, Governor Shunk also appointed the following county officers, to serve until their successors "be duly elected and qualified:" Valentine Lingenfelter, William Bell, and William C. McCormick, county commissioners; Benjamin E. Betts, sheriff; George R. McFarlane and Daniel Mc Connell, associate judges ; Jeremiah Cunningham, prothonotary, clerk of the Orphans' Court, Quarter Sessions, and Oyer and Terminer ; John M. Gibboney, register and recorder; and John Cresswell, district attorney. On the 8th of June, 1846, the newly-appointed county commissioners, viz., Messrs. Lingenfelter, Bell, and McCormick, appeared in Hollidaysburg, and were duly sworn into office by Ephraim Gal braith, Esq.,1 a justice of the peace. During their first session they " purchased sundry articles of furni ture, stationery, etc." On the following day (June 9th) they agreed upon the size and general outlines of a court-house and jail, and issued a notice calling upon contractors to make proposals for the construc tion of the same. H. A. Caldwell was then appointed clerk for the commissioners, at a salary of one hundred and fifty dollars per year. Robert H. Mc Cormick, of Hollidaysburg, was appointed treasurer of the county, " to serve until his successor shall be elected," and before adjournment a contract was con cluded with Maj. William Williams for rooms2 to be used temporarily by the different county officers. Continuing our researches among the records in the commissioners' office still further, we learn that on the 4th day of July, 1846, a contract was made with Daniel K. Reamey for the erection of a court-house and jail, and with John Mahony for the use of his stone house, which was utilized as a temporary jail. On the 25th of the same month Commissioner William C. McCormick was engaged preparing rooms" for the first session of court, and on Monday, July 27, 1846, the first court was held, Judge Jeremiah S. Black presiding. Meantime the other officers appointed by 1 Ephraim Galbraith, Esq., wns a prominent citizen, and served for many years as a justice of the peace. In the fall of 1846 he was the Whig candidate for tbe office of register and recorder. He died the dav of election (October 13th), before the votes were all polled. Samuel Smith, his opponent, claimed the office on the grounds that he had a majority of the voteB cast for a living man, although a majority of the people voted for Galbraith. Judge Black declined to decide in bis favor, and John M. Gibboney continued to hold tbe office until the election of Louis H. Williams in 1847. 8 The offices of the prothonotary and register and recorder were estab lished in a building formerly owned by Christian Garber, Esq., deceased, and the county commissioners1 office was located in a building formerly used as an Episcopal " meeting-honse," which stood on the same lot, viz., lot No. 61 of the original plot of Hollidaysburg, on the northeast corner of Allegheny and Wayne Streets. Directly opposite these build ings, on the southeast corner of the same streets, the post-office was then located. * The first court was held in the old Methodist Church, which stood on the site occupied by the present Methodist house of worship. Mr. Mahony 's stone house adjoined the church, and for its use as a jail he received the sum of fifty dollars per year. the Governor had been properly inducted into office, and the wheels of government were now revolving regularly in the new county of Blair. However, a change of officers occurred very soon thereafter, for, according to the provisions of the act creating the county, new officials were chosen at the next general election. This election took place on the 13th day of October, 1846, and three days later the return judges, viz., Robert Alexander, Joseph Bur ley, Allen McCartney, Samuel W. Rhodes, Thomas Dodson, George Loose, James Glasgow, Henry Wike, Robert McNamara, David Stewart, John Barr, David H. Moore, and Gabriel Fleck, representing the town ships of Allegheny, Antes, Blair, Catharine, Franks- town, Greenfield, Huston, Snyder, Tyrone, Wood berry, and North Woodberry, and the boroughs of Hollidaysburg and Gaysport, met at the court-room in Hollidaysburg, and after having examined the returns from the several election districts, found that for representative in the Congress of the United States, John Blanchard had received thirteen hun dred and nineteen votes, and Andrew P. Wilson eight hundred and sixty-eight votes ; that Henry Bridenthall had received twelve hundred and fifty- nine votes, and was therefore elected a member of the House of Representatives of Pennsylvania; that Samuel J. Royer was elected high sheriff; that Joseph Smith was elected prothonotary clerk of the Court of Quarter Sessions and Oyer and Terminer and the Orphans' Court; that John K. Neff, Edward McGraw, and William Bell were elected county commissioners for three, two, and one years, respectively ; that for canal commissioners of the Com monwealth of Pennsylvania, James M. Power had re ceived fourteen hundred and forty-eight votes, Wil liam B. Foster, Jr., six hundred and ninety-eight votes, and Robert H. Morton, seventeen votes ; that Charles E. Kinkead, William P. Dysart, and James Wilson were elected county auditors for one, two, and three years, respectively ; that Joseph Morrow was elected county treasurer; and that Capt. Joseph C. Morgan was elected coroner. In April, 1847, the State and county taxes levied upon the county were apportioned among the various townships and boroughs as follows : Name of Township or Borough. Allegheny Antes Blair Catharine Frankstown Greenfield Gaysport Huston Hollidiiysburg Snyder Tyrone Woodberry North Woodberry.. Name of Collector. Allen McCartney.. Jacob Igow Alex. Frazier. James Cunning..... Seth R. McCune.... A. T. Schryver. Michael Kelly Michael Wike Paul Graff. John McFalland.., Thomiis McClain... Bobert Spencer John Sky Ies Total.. County Tax. $864.41) 737.53 416.56B42.14 752.65 484.91 156.40595.81 805.16278.87858.13969.83962.72 $8425.21 State Tax. $1,309.17 1,115.58 637.81815 32 1,128.031* 714.07 244 89 890.73 1,319.15 429.68U 1,285.21 1,496.4714 1,445.83 $12,831.95^ 8 HISTORY OP BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. It will thus be seen that the county began its ex istence with eleven townships and the boroughs of Hollidaysburg and Gaysport. The townships formed since the organization have been Juniata, from Green field, in 1847 ; Logan, from Allegheny and Antes, in 1850 ; Taylor, from Huston and North Woodberry, in 1855 ; and Freedom, from Juniata, in 1857. Martins burg was incorporated as a borough prior to 1846 (see history of North Woodberry township), Altoona in 1854, and came under a city charter in 1871. Tyrone became a borough in 1857 ; East Tyrone in 1873 ; and Newry in 1876. In 1846, for candidates for member of Congress, only two thousand one hundred and eighty-seven votes were polled, indicating (at five persons to the voter) a population of about ten thousand. Three thousand five hundred and twenty votes were polled in 1856 ; six thousand two hundred and eighty-eight in 1866 ; and eight thousand seven hundred and twenty in 1876. According to the census returns of 1880, the popu lation of the county at that time was as follows : Allegheny township 2,148 Altoona City .' 19,740 Antes township „ 2,282 Blair " 1,426 Catharine " 679 Frankstown " 1,783 Freedom " 1,214 Gaysport borough ' 764 Greenfield township 1,286 Hollidaysburg borough 3,150 Huston townBhip 1,533 Juniata " 723 Logan " 4,682 Martinsburg borough 667 North Woodberry townBhip 1*695 Snyder " 1,391 Taylor " • 2,011 Tyrone " 1,002 Tyrone and East Tyrone boroughs 2,957 Woodberry townBhip 1,900 Total 62,733 A revised report states that the population of the county exceeded the total above given by eighteen, or that it should have been 52,751. Of which 26,436 were males, 26,315 were females, 48,898 were native born, 3853 were foreign born, 52,268 were whites, and 483 were colored. CHAPTER III. COURTS AND ATTORNEYS. Provisions of Organizing Act— County attached to the Sixteenth Ju dicial District— Jeremiah S. Black the First President Judge— Crea tion of the Twenty-fourth District — Judge George Taylor appointed —His First Court— His Election in 1851— His Characteristics— Judge John Dean elected in 1871 — Renominated in 1881 — Associate Judges —Various Cases Tried— Their Great Number— The First Suit— The First Case brought Originally — Number during the First Year Number during the Tears 1856, 1866, and 1876— Various Cases re viewed in the Supreme Conrt, viz.: Shoenberger vs. Mulliotland, Lowry vs. McMillan, Long vs. Labor, Hewitt vs. Huling, Royers1 and McNamara'B Appeals, G. L. Lloyd vs. John Barr, Patterson vs. Lytle, Lytle va. Patterson, Fisher vs. Patterson, Hileman vs. Bouslough. President Judges.— Section 7 of the act under which Blair County was organized provided that " until the court-house shall be erected, as hereinafter authorized, the several courts of said county of Blair shall be held in such house within said county as shall be designated by the commissioners thereof-" while Section 8 of the same act recited that " the county of Blair shall be annexed to- and compose part of the Sixteenth1 Judicial District of this common wealth, and the courts shall be held and commence as follows, to wit : On the fourth Monday of March July, October, and December in each year, and the first court shall be held in the said county of Blair on the fourth Monday of October next.'' A supplemental act, however, amended Section 8 of the original act to the effect "that the first court be held on the fourth Monday of July, 1846." At that time, as indicated in the accompanying note Judge Jeremiah S. Black was the president judge of the Sixteenth Judicial District, composed — before the formation of Blair — of the counties of Franklin, Bedford, Somerset, and Fulton. Thus Judge Black became the first president judge of the county, and began his first term of court in the Methodist Church edifice at Hollidaysburg on Monday, July 27, 1846. He held twelve terms in this county, when the Leg islature by an act approved April 5, 1849, reorgan. ized the judicial districts of the State, and declared that the counties of Huntingdon, Blair, and Cambria should constitute the Twenty-fourth Judicial District, thus detaching Blair County from Judge Black's dis- trict. Said Judge Dean, in an historical address delivered at the dedication of the new court-house, Monday, July 2, 1877 — " Of Judge Black, in presence of this audience, as a lawyer and a judge, I need not speak at length. Whether as advocate at the bar, pre siding in the Common Pleas, judge and chief justice of the Supreme Conrt, attorney-general of the United States, delegate at large to the Constitutional Convention of 1873, everywhere he has honored himself and has reflected honor on the people who honored him. His legal opinions and arguments are the delight of the lawyer, for it may be said of him, as Coke said of Littleton, ' He cites not many authorities, yet he holdefh no opinion but is proved and approved by. these two faithful witnesses in matters of law, authority and reason.' While his name and fame are national, we claim the distinction of Baying he held our first court, he was our first judge. " As we have seen, on the 5th of April, 1849, the Twenty-fourth Dis trict was created. George Taylor, then a young but able lawyer of the Huntingdon bar, was appointed by Governor Johnston president judge. He held his first court in this county on the second Monday of July, 1849, the summer term having been changed back from June to July. Under this appointment he continued to hold court until the October term of 1851. In the mean time the amendment to the Constitution had been adopted, caUed amendment of 1850, which provided for the elec tion of the judges of all the courts; that their terms should be for ten years ; that the terms of all judges then in .office should expire on the first Monday of December following the adoption, of the amendment! and that the termsof those .elected should commence at the same time." 1 Hon. Thaddens Banks, chairman of the meetingduring the festivi ties attending the dedication of the present conrt-house, said — "When our people were struggling for. separation and independence in the erection and formation of our new county, and there was diffi culty in getting a place for us in any judioial district, Judge Black, al though he had in his then district counties which now compose two di!f tricts, kindly said to us, ' If you want me for your judge have Blair. attached to Uieold Sixteenth, and I'll take careflf you.' It was.done, and Jeremiab,S. Black became our ftrBt.judge,.an4,Bp continued. untU the present district was formed." ATTORNEYS. For an extended sketch of Judge Taylor, see Bench and Bar of Huntingdon County, page 89. The present president judge, Hon. John Dean, was elected in the autumn of 1871 by the Republicans. Through his own untiring exertions he attained prominence as a lawyer, and that he has given uni versal satisfaction to the people of the Twenty-fourth Judicial District since his elevation to the bench is attested by the fact that he was nominated and elected in the fall of 1881, while his political oppo nents, conceding to his ability, fitness, and impartial rulings, in convention assembled, adopted compli mentary resolutions and refrained from nominating an opposing candidate. Judge Dean resides in Hol lidaysburg, where he is an active, enterprising citizen, and a valued member of society. Associate Judges. — The first associate judges of the courts were George R. McFarlane and Daniel Mc Connell, Democrats, appointed by Governor Shunk, on the 8th of June, 1846, to hold until the next session of the State Senate. Judge McFarlane was reappointed and confirmed by the Senate on the 11th of March, 1847. The other vacancy was filled by the appointment of Davis Brooke on the 28th of Janu ary, 1848. James Gardner was appointed April 10, 1851, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Judge McFarlane, and was elected for the full term the following October, with Levi Slingluff, of Mar tinsburg. Both resigned before the expiration of their terms. James D. Rea, a Democrat, was appointed to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Judge Gardner on the 25th of July, 1854, and James L. Gwin, in March, 1855, was appointed to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Judge Slingluff. Judges Rea and Gwin held office until October, 1855, when David Caldwell and John Penn Jones were elected, each for the full term of five years. In 1860, Adam Moses and Samuel Dean were elected. Judge Moses was re-elected in 1865, with B. F. Rose, of Altoona, as his associate. In 1870, George W. Pat ton and Joseph Irwin were elected ; in 1875, Charles J.Mann and Samuel Smith; and in 1880, Robert Stewart and Robert L. Gamble. Judge Gamble died in September, 1881, when Joseph Fichtner was ap pointed to fill the unexpired term. Except Judges McFarlane, McConnell, and Brooke, appointed by Governor Shunk, and Judge Rea, ap pointed by Governor Bigler, all of these officers have been Whigs or Republicans. Judge Dean, has most appropriately said of them, "Whatever may have been their politics, it has been the united testimony of the bar that, onp and all, they performed faithfully and impartially their duty. Of those dead, honor and respect followed them during life ; of those liv ing, no blot touches their integrity. They have the respept and good wishes of a profession which learns, as noiother one does, to appeciate unblemished official life." Various Cases Tried. — Said Judge Dean, further, in his historical address of 1877, — "Of the cases tried and suits entered in the thirty years since the organization of the county, when compared with the population, the ag gregate seems enormous. In the Common Pleas, including judgment bills, appeals, and certioraris, there have been entered 39,205 cases ; in the Quarter Sessions, 2619; in the Oyer and Terminer, 99; making alto gether 41,923. In this are not included the large number of estates partitioned or appraised in the Orphans' Court, nor tlie trust accounts of assignees and other trustees settled in the Common Pleas. There have passed through the Orphans' Court, for confirmation and allowance, 1770 accounts of executors and administrators, many of them involving pro tracted litigation before auditors and on exceptions to auditors' reports. "Judge Black took 44 verdicts, Judge Taylor 878, and there have been taken since 495. Of course this, as every lawyer knows, does not show the extent of actual work done in the trial of causes, for many of them, after hours and sometimes days of trial, 'go off,' either by non suit or settlement of parties. " By the act of Assembly erecting the county all undetermined issues between parties resident on the territory out of which it was formed were to be transferred to the records of the new county. " The first suit in the Common Pleas is one to No. 43, August term, 1826, of Huntingdon County, transferred. It is an action of debt by John Wilson and Ruchel Buchanan, executors of Dr. John E. Buchanan, deceased, against William Smith, executor of John Steel, deceased. When it was brought, in 1826, Judges Burnside, Adams, and McCune were on the bench in Huntingdon County. Smith is marked attorney for plaintiffs, and Allison and Steel for defendants. As appears from the record, more than seventy continuances were marked during the twenty years it stood on the Huntingdon County docket, and five after its trans fer to Blair. It waB then stricken from the record, under a rule of Judge Black'H, 'because not moved in by either party for one whole year.' This, after so long a life, waB a most ' lame aud impotent conclu sion.' One feature worthy of attention, however, is that, after pending all these years in the courts of the two counties, the entire bill of costs taxed is only $21.63, of which amount the sheriff gets $2.65, and the prothonotary $8.65. " The first case brought originally in this county is a libel for divorce ; subpoena issued 23d of June, 1846, by Mary Armstrong- against her hus- band, John Armstrong. T. J. Coffey is attorney for libelant. John Cox, Esq., was appointed commissioner to take testimony, and a divorce was decreed thereon by Judge Black, the '25: h of March, 1847. The en tire costB were $7.75.! Divorces have become more costly since. " In the first year of the court six hundred and sixty-one cases were entered in the Common Pleas, including original writs, certioraris, and appeals. In 1856, ten years later, one thousand and ninety ; in 1866, eleven hundred; and in 1876, two thousand Beven hundred and seventeen. Many of the cases included in this last number are judgments on build ing association bonds, but still the natural increase in legal business the last ten has been much greater than in any proceeding ten years. "Since the organization of the county many important cases, both civil and criminal, have been tried, and in a number of them writs of error were taken, and they were reviewed in the Supreme .court." CHAPTER IV. ATTORNEYS. In the old Methodist Church at Hollidaysburg, on Monday, the 27th day of July, 1846, before the Hon. Jeremiah S. Black, president, and George R. McFar lane and Daniel McConnell, Esqs., associate judges, began the first term of court in the county of Blair. On the same day the following-named attorneys, forty- 1 During the December term of 1846, Daniel Case obtained .a divorce from his wife Elizabeth, the total costs being taxed at $7.60. 10 HISTORY OP BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. nine1 in number, were sworn in and admitted to prac tice in the several courts of the county : Anderson, J. P. Johnston, Robert L. Banks, Thaddeus. JacobB, William J. Blair, Samuel S. King, Alexander. Benedict, A. W. Kimmell, F. M. Blair, David. Kemp, Joseph. Banks, Ephraim. Lowrie, J. R. Barkley, Samuel M. Lyon, William. Brotherline, John. Mann, Job. Bell, J. M. Miles, John G. Canan, Moses. Magellan, M. D. Calvin, Samuel. McMurtrie, R. A. Curtin, A. G. Mower, John. Cresswell, John. McAllister, H. N. Coffey, T. J. Ogle, A. J. Cox, Joshua F. Orbison, William P. Cline, A. J. Russell, James M. Cremer, Theodore H. Russell, Samuel L. Dorris, William, Jr. Stewart, William M. Duff, David. Stewart, J. S. Fenlou, John. Scott, John, Jr. Hall, James T. Tate, Samuel H. Hoflus, David M. Williamson, John. Heyer, Charles H. Wilson, A. P. Hasson, Michael. Wharton, S. S. Hughes, Isaac. On the following day, July 28th, George Taylor, Alexander Gwin, and John A. Blodget were admitted. In October, 1846, O. H. Brown, Thomas Montgomery, and Robert Wallace were admitted, and in December following Maj. William Williams. The admissions a from June, 1847, to June, 1882, al phabetically arranged, have been as follows, those whose names are printed with italics having been, or are now, residents of the county : Albright, Charles Feb. 8, 1854. Atchison, M. W April 30, 1860. Abrams, T.T April 27, 1863. Alexander, M. July 26, 1869. Aniv-s, Edwin M Di-c. 211, 1880. Alexander, William Scott July 25, 1881. Barclay, Josiah E March, 1818. Briscoe, Alexander. March, 1818. Brick, J. E May 5, 1853. Blair, John P Dec. 22, 1854. Banks, Enoch April 24, 1855. Brown, Samuel T Jan. 28, 1856. Bigler, Henry A April 28, 1857. Boyers, W. R Oct. 24, 1859. Bryan, Richard R Dec. 3, 1863. Baldridge, H. M. April 26, 1864. Beaver, James A Oct. 31,1865. Bailey, John M Nov. 7, 1867. Blair, J. S Ang. 2, 1869. Brumbauah, David S April 24, 1871. Bentley, Benjamin S Feb. 4,1873. Bell, Marlin, Jr April 29, 1873. Banks, Cecil R April 29, 1873. Brauiff, John June 24, 1875. Brotherlin, J. Iran Jan. 6, 1876. Benson, J April 26, 1876. Brophy, S. M July 25, 1877. Buckley, M. E April 29,1878. Bigham, Joel L Oct. 16, 1879. Bentley, R. S March 29, 1881. Barker. A. V Aug. 31, 1881. Beyer, WMiam M. March 20, 1882. Campbell, T. P June, 1847. Cornyn, A. K June, 1847. 1 Of these, however, only twelve were reBidentB of the county, and they all in Hollidaysburg, viz.: Messrs. Calvin, Cline, Bell, Kemp, Coffey, Brotherline, Lowrie, Thaddeus Banks, Cresswell, S. S. Blair, McMurtrie, and Hofius. 2 Although it has been our aim to mention in the accompanying lists the names of all attorneys admitted to practice in the courts of the county since the county's organization, it is possible, owing to the pecu liar manner in which the court records were kept in early years, that a few have escaped our scrutiny. Cessna, John December, 1847, Coffey, George A Clarke, William C Nov. 1, 1854. Campbell, James D Jan. 23, I860. Clark, Asbury J July 23, 1866. Cunningham, J.J. May 5, 1868. Caldwell, D April 29, 1872. Clark, Bobert A April 29, 1873. Calvin, Mutlheio Dec. 16,1873, Cheney, F. H April 27, 1874. Cochrane, George R July 28, 1875. Collier, Charles W Oct. 12, 1880. Charlton, Paul Jan. 30, 1882. Durham, R. G September, 1817, Bean, John March 21, 1855. Dunmire, E. C April 22, 1861. Direly, A. V.....„ Mayl, 1873. Dobyne, George A Oct. 13, 1874. Doylr, John A Jan. 26, 1877. Evans, James G Dec. 15, 1856. Eveiharr, J. B July 1, 1858. Elder, Cyrus March 15, 1875: Fisher, Isaac 1847. Forward. Ross October, 1848. Foster, Henry D Feb. 7, 1854. Faulkner, Charles J. (of Virginia) Jan. 29, 1856, Fisher, John H Oct. 23, 1860. Frueavff, John F Oct. 23, 1860. Fulton, S. Alexander Sept. 18, 1866. Flemming, V> June 22, 1868. Foley, Thomas Nov. 28, 1869. Flanagan, James G July 24, 1876. Golden, Ed. S Feb. 3, 1858. Geary, Benjamin F April 29, 1859. Greevey, Thomas H. Jan. 29, 1874. Huling, D. W June, 1847. Hutchison, Edward March 19,1850. Hammond, Essinglon Aug. 25, 1851. Hull, L. W Feb. 6, 1854. Hall, William M. Oct. 30, 1854. Hewit, Benjamin L Oct. 31, 1856. Harris, George W. April 22, 1861. Hamill, S. Royer July 23, 1861. Hammond, William A Oct. 23, 1866. Herr, H. H April 28, 1873. Hicks, J D April 27, 1875. Heimling, H. F. Sept. 1,1875. Heyr, U. H. P. July 22, 1878. Hughes, Walter M. April 26, 1878. Hamilton, Lewis T. Dec. 20, 1880. Hewit, Olirer H Dec. 21, 1880. Hammond, William S March 29, 1881. Hicks, William. L March 20,1882. Isenberg, Joseph G Dec. 19, 1865. Irwin, G. A May 1, 1878. Jordan, Francis June, 1847. Johnston. J. W Sept , 1847. Jolly, M. H. May7, 1866. Jarkel, Frederick Jan. 27, 1869. Johnson, Robert Sept. 1, 1874. Jackson, Tliomas W. Jan. 27, 1875. Kettle, William June 28, 1852. King, M. Edgar. June 29, 1868. Kealley, John H Jan. 28, 1861. Kopeline, A April 28, 1873. Kyle, John M. June 6, 1878. Kinkead, Alexander L July 2'2, 1878. Kerr, E. G Aug. 26, 1878. Kuhn, Henry H Jan. 30, 1882. Leet, Jonallum D Aug. 25,1852. Landis, Augustus S .'. April 28,1857. Lovell, Kenzie A July 25, 1865. Lyinger, Samuel B April 27, 1868. Leisenring, J. S July 28, 1873.*'. i Lake, John G Sept. 20, 1873. Lynn, Samuel Oct. 20, 1874. Love, John S Oct. 15, 1874. Lingle, J. J May 22, 1876. McCamant, Thomas Oct. 31, 1864. Mullen, Alexander 0 Feb. 8, 1854. Mattern, John W Aug. 3, 1857. Murray, Samuel T. April 28, 1858. McDowell, Thomas C. Milliken, James F. July 30, 1868. Martin, James E July 26, 1870. Marshall, Thomas M May 9, 1872. Merviue, Nicholas P March 9, 1876. McLaughlin, D April 27, 1874. McMurtrie, E. S Feb. 3, 1876. Mall'rn, Robert J May 3, 1880. McNeil, Oliver R April 22, 1878. McLaughlin, James D '. April 24, 1882. Neff, Daniel J. Nov. 1, 1854. Noon, P. S Aug. 3, 1857. X'ff, W. L Feb. 5, 1858. Noon, James C May 5, 1858. Osborne,E.J. Oct. 24, 1864. Oatman, Georgo W Feb. 4, 1867. Orbison, Robert A Oct. 27, 1873. Orlady, George B Jan. 27, 1875. Pershing, Cyrus L June 17, 1851. Pettis, S. Newton April 27, 1863. ATTORNEYS. 11 Plummer, George W Oct. 27, 1870. Patlerson, William H Aug. 29, 1872. Pattfrson. William H March 20, 1878. Pascal, William L April 27, 1881. Heed, John Jnly, 1848. Bankin, James H Oct. 22, 1866. Beed, George M April 28, 1859. Rawlins, J. H. Riley, A, J. Jan. 25, 1869. Riamey, Gabriel July 27, 1870. Kiley, Wilson Oct. 25, 1870. Riddle, James F. Dec. 17, 1873. Kulh.JJavid April 22, 1878. Bose.W. H .....May 4, 1881. Slialer, Charles Sept., 1847. Shull, W. P Oct., 1848. Stevens, Thaddeus May, 1850. Sherwood, Julius Feb. 6, 1854. BHmrt, Louis Oct. 24, 1854. Spang, Harry G July 28, 1855. Stewart. William A Oct. 25, 1859. SniMer, H. H. April 22, 1861. Sander, H. H. Jan. 28, 1879. Shoemaker, Francis April 27, 1863. Speer, It. Milton Oct. 25, 1864. Shearer. William Feb. 3, 1868. Shannon, 0. E March 19, 1850. Steel, Stewart....'. Nov. 1,1850. Sranlan, T. R Oct. 25, 1871. Stnim*,A. A March 20, 1872. Slaw, Edmund Dec. 17, 1873. Snyder, J. F April 25, 1878. Smith, J. Horace April 25, 1878. Thompson, J. W Sept., 1847. Tucker, J. Randolph (of Virginia) Jan. 29, 1856. Tier»e«,F. P. Thatcher, H. C. July 30, 1866. Wingurd.S. C March 20, 1851. Wiugard, C. W , Feb. 8, 1854. White, Harry July 24. 1855. Wtllmut Louis H. June 19, 1857. White, Thomas L Feb. 1, 1858. Woodcock, Samuel M. Oct. 22, 1860. Woodcock, W. Lee Oct. 27, 1865. Woodcock, W. Irfin June 24, 1875. Williamson, W. M April M), 1877. Young, William H. H April 26, 1871. Toung, M. Alvin. Dec. 20, 1880. Zimmerman, Henry G July 23, 1867. Zimmermen. Jacob Jnly 28, 1870. Zentmeyer, Miles March 19, 1872. In this connection we again quote from Judge Dean's address. He says, — "Among the names of those admitted from other counties who either were or afterwards became prominent in the law or politics, I notico Ephraim Banks, father of our chairman, auditor-general of the State, Judge Alexander King, Judge Kimmell, John G. Miles, Senator Scott, Judge Hale, Governor Curtin, Francis Jordau, Charles Slialer, R. L. JohnBon, John Cessna, Ross Forward, Judge Pershing, Gen. John Wil liamson, Judge Hall, Judge John P. Blair, Harry White, Samuel T. Brown, Charles J. Faulkner and J. Randolph Tucker, of Virginia, Thaddeus Stevens, Judge White, Judge Pettis, Hon. R. M. Speer, Judge Thatcher, John M. Bailey, Thomas M. Marshall, Joshua F. Cox, and a number of others. Among them was Johu Blodgett, of Bedford, noted for his acquirements in general literature, his political tasteB and wit.. "There was also admitted during the first year of the conrt a lawyer noted in the whole profession along the Juniata Valley, Mr. Isaac Fisher, of Huntingdon. In person, mind, and manners he was peculiar. He was a member of the Huntingdon bar, and during the first years after tlie organization of the county attended all the courts. In person he washnge, weighingabout three hundred pounds, generally neat in dress, seldom appearing in court without glovesjof very extensive reading, with no end of research in the pal ticular case on trial. He was the horror of the court, because of his unlimited citation of authorities. Always bland and respectful, but having a secret contempt for any lower one than the Supreme Court, he frequently Baid he would rather have one or two ' good exceptions' in the court below than a verdict. "Be was a thorn in the side of Judge Burnside, and was about the only lawyer he wns afraid of While a law student I was present at the trial of several cases in which he was counsel. One case, between John Dougherty and Jack, Wigdon & Co., about the year 1853, was on trial. Ii a srodent, was sitting near the counsel-table, drinking in all the law I could catch. Mr. S. S. Blair and Fisher were of counsel for Dougherty. A legal question arose during the trial, which was likely to prove disastrous to Dougherty?s case. Mr. Blair was on his feet ar guing the point with his usual force; the judge seemed to be against tim, when I heard Dougherty say, somewhat excitedly, to Fisher, 'Why don't you say something, Mr. Fisher?' ' Why, my dear sir,' he replied, ' whenever I attempt it, that young man of yours takes the words right out of my mouth.' He was the man who, after the jury had rendered a verdict against him, and in face of the charge of the court, moved at once for a new trial, which was instantly granted, when he turned to the jury, who had not yet left the box, and, with a wave of his hand, said, ' You twelve lawyers can now go home !' " He died about the year 1857. His last appearance was in the court at Huntingdon, on the hearing of a motion for a new trial. He always seemed to be moving for new trials. He had argued his reasons; the court's intimations were strong against him. Mr. Fisher suggested that the jury must have totally misapprehended the evidence. Judge Taylor said, ' I see, Mr. Fisher, you have but little confidence in modern juries.' Suid Mr. Fislier, with a bow and the utmost blandness, 'And very little more in modern courts.' With this parting shot at courts and juries he left the court-room never to enter it again. " Of the lawyers resident here, Hofius, James M. Bell, George A. Coffey, and the two Hammonds, Jolly, Louis H. Williams, Dunmire, Harris, and RawlinB, ten in all, are dead. Hofius died during tlie sitting of the July court in 1859. He was a man of most brilliant parte. A most effective advocate before a jury, clear, logical, and at times emo tional, he had wonderful power. Judge Black once said to him that he was the most effective cross-examiner he ever heard interrogate a wit ness. He died at the early age of forty. I cannot end this notice of him with more fitting words than thoBe from Gray's elegy, used by Mr. Blair in his eulogy of him at the meeting of the bar after his death, — " ' No further seek his merits to disclose, Nor draw his frailties from their dread abode, There they alike in trembling hope repose, Tbe bosom of bis Father and his God.' " JameB M. Bell died in 1870. He had retired from active practice many years before. He was a man • of great intellectual power, but seemed to lack the capacity to express his ideas with directness and point. Nevertheless, when in active practice, he was acknowledged by the profession as a very able lawyer. His name is connected as counsel with some of the most important causes tried in this and Huntingdon Counties. "George A. Coffey removed to Philadelphia in 1855. He was dis trict attorney of tho county from 1852 to 1854, acting instead of Joseph Kemp, who had been elected. He was the United States district attor ney for the Eastern District, at Philadelphia, during the war, and died about the year 1865. His acquirements were very extensive, and his talents of the highest order. Fluent, poetical, imagination unsurpassed, his addresses to a jury were intellectual treats. HiB talents, however, seemed better fitted for the rostrum than the court-room. As an orator, he was learned, eloquent, and instructive; but he lacked that practical force, that homely illustration, which are so convincing with a jury. " Of those living and who have not removed we have them around us. Which of the three gentlemen — Banks,1 Cnlvin, or McMurtrie — can of right claim, by reason of years, the honor of being the father of the bar, I shall not undertake to decide. All were here before the county was organized, and, from appearance, there is not much difference in their years. Mr. Blair, although admitted on the first day of the court, waB then a young man, and while I have heard him addressed during the trial of a cause by Mr. Calvin as my venerable friend, in years he is far behind either of the others However it may be as to years, I can only say to the younger brethren their unexceptionable lives and professional success are worthy of all admiration. ' " Neff, Hewit, Landis, and myself were admitted about the Bame time. We all claim to be young men. Of the many still younger, so full of hope and promise in the profession of their choice, time will not permit me to speak. We, who are older, can only hope that on some appropri ate occasion, thirty years hence, they, in the prime of physical and in tellectual manhood, will be able to speak of us as the departed or older lawyers, who brought no disgrace on a noble profession, and as having made the world a little brighter and better by living in it." 1 As Messrs. Banks and McMurtrie have died since the delivery of Judge Dean's address, Mr. Calvin, of Hollidaysburg, may now justly claim the honor of being the father of the present bar of Blair County. 12 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. CHAPTER V. COUNTY BUILDINGS, ETC. Temporary County Offices and Jail.— As shown in a preceding chapter, soon after the first board of county commissioners came into power by virtue of appointment by Governor Shunk, or on the 9th day of June, 1846, they entered into a contract with Maj. William Williams for rooms to be used temporarily by the various county officers. These rooms were situated in buildings standing on lot No. 61 of the original plot of Hollidaysburg, on the northeast cor ner of Allegheny and Wayne Streets. The offices of the prothonotary and register and recorder were es tablished in a building formerly owned and occupied by Christian Garber, then deceased, while the com missioners' office was located in a structure then termed the Episcopal meeting-house, but which had been built by William McFarland about 1833 and occupied by him some five or six years as a cabinet- shop and warehouse. At the same session of the commissioners arrange ments were made for holding courts in the Methodist Episcopal house of worship, while John Mahony's stone house, near it, was rented to be used as a tempo rary county jail. These dispositions effected, the buildings mentioned were utilized for the purposes required of them for about one year, or until the court-house and jail were completed. First Court-House and Jail. — On the 9th of June, 1846, County Commissioners Valentine Lingen felter, William Bell, and William C. McCormick de termined upon the size and general outlines of a court house and jail for the new county, and issued a notice calling up builders to make proposals for their con struction. On the 4th of July following a contract was made with Daniel K. Reamey, a prominent builder of Hollidaysburg, for the erection of a court house and jail on the ground occupied by the pres ent court-house. . The contract price for both was $11,998.50, but because of alterations and extras the amount paid was $14,576.18. Both were finished and first occupied in June, 1847. They were constructed of brick, the court-house being two stories in height, and fronting with colonnades on Allegheny Street. Although Mr. Reamey's bid was much below that of the next lowest competitor, he, by pushing the build ing of the first court-house and jail with, his accus tomed vigor, was enabled to clear about five thousand dollars. The well-known architect, Hayden Smith, planned the cupola which surmounted the court house. However, the men who designed the original build ings at the county capital did not foresee the rapid growth of the new county, and both, years ago, be came entirely insufficient for the purposes required of them. The New Jail.— During the years 1868-^69 the new or present jail was erected at a cost of about one hun dred thousand dollars. It was built by Jonathan Rhule, of this county, Edward Havelan, architect, and the commissioners appointed to supervise its construc tion were Robert Waring, John C. Biddle, Robert E. Hamilton, Joshua Roller, and David Henshey. The first keeper was Sheriff H. B. Huff. On the 10th of April, 1873, however, the Legislature enacted a special law, authorizing the county commissioners to appoint a keeper annually, subject to the approval of the Court of Quarter Sessions. Under this law the first keeper appointed was A. Baird. The following year he was succeeded by John McClure, who continued keeper until his death. J. B. Kephart took charge on the 1st of April, 1880. The building is constructed of stone in the most approved style of prison architecture. The corridors and cells are well lighted and ventilated, and at the same time are considered perfectly secure. It would be difficult to suggest any improvement in its arrange ments, and consequently throughout it reflects great credit upon those who were employed in its erection. The Present Court-House. — The old court-house, too, has outlived its usefulness. It was a good-enough building in its day and generation, and served quite well the purposes for which it was erected until. the rapid increase of population, and correspondingly of litigation, rendered it exceedingly uncomfortable to all who were forced to spend " court week" within its walls. During the year 1874 the feeling that some thing must be done grew rapidly, and two grand juries declared in language more or less emphatic that the court-house was a nuisance. At last, on Thursday, April 29, 1875, the following presentment was read during a session of court : " The grand inquest, inquiring in and for the county of Blair, In April session, 1875, do make the following presentment : ' That we find tbe present court-house is inadequate and unfit for the accommodation of the courts and the officers of said county, and especially for the de* liberations of the grand jury, as well as unsafe for the keeping of the records of said county; we, therefore, recommend the erection of anew court-house for the reception and safe-keeping of the records, as may be necessary for the proper use of Baid county.'" After this presentment, Messrs. David Aurandt, John Clark, and Alexander Carothers, who at that time formed the board of county commissioners, de cided to erect a new building, and on the 26th day of May, 1875, entered into a contract with Andrew Myers to superintend the removal of the old court house and jail. Immediately after the demolition of the old buildings, a contract was made with Michael Walls, who agreed to make the necessary excavations for the foundation walls of the new structure. This contract was faithfully carried out, although Mr. Walls died while the work was in progress. On the 11th of August, 1875, the commissioners having previously adopted a plan designed by David S. Gendell, an architect of Philadelphia, and "adver tised for proposals to erect the building, received and opened twenty-three bids, varying from one hundred COUNTY BUILDINGS, ETC. 13 and three thousand and seven hundred to one hundred and sixty-eight thousand dollars. The lowest bidder was John Schreiner, of Pittsburgh, Pa., and to him was awarded the contract. Said the Standard, of Hollidaysburg, after Mr. Schreiner had completed his work, " The people of Blair County were exceed ingly fortunate in the fact that Mr. Schreiner was the builder of the new court-house. No other man could have done better. We question whether any other man would have done so uniformly well. Mr. Schrei ner devoted, his personal attention to the work. He acted as though the Blair County court-house were to be his monument. And he meant that it should speak no syllable of ill concerning him. Nor will it do so. It is a finished structure, a thoroughly good job 'from foundation-stone to turret-top.' " Description of the New Court-House. — The fol lowing is an extract from a description of the build ing, furnished by David S. Gendell, architect, pub lished in full in the Standard, July 4, 1877 : "The new building is erected upon a nearly level terrace formed by raising the entire lot of ground to an average height of over three feet above the sidewalk of the two streets. The terrace is surrounded by low stone walls, and provided with a wrought-iron railing. The ascent from the sidewalks is by a broad flight of steps on each street, the en trance on Allegheny Street being thirty-four feet broad. At each corner of the wall, and at each entrance, are large stone posts surmounted by ornamental wrought-iron gas-standards. "The terrace has broad landings and foot-walks, laid with large flag- atones. The spaces between the foot- walks and -the walls are laid out in grass and shrubbery. The design and color of the stone-work connected with the terrace being the same as the building, give to the whole a unity of expression, and materially adds to the dignity of the building. "The building is in the modern Gothic style of architecture, with the Italian treatment. This style, while it is directly founded upon mediae val Gothic, omitB many of the details of the latter, or adapts them to modern requirements. "The exterior walls of the building are of stone. The facing is of cut Btooe (the greater portion of which is from the Massillon quarries). The color of the main body of the work is a Warm, rich, sunny buff. , while the alternate arch-stones, with the hood-mouldings over the ( arches, the string-courses, cornices, and many of the other ornamental i portions of the work, are of a beautiful deep peach-bloom color. ' The two colors present a sufficiently Btrong and yet a very agreeable con trast. While the different pnrts are thus sufficiently emphasized, the , effect of the whole is exceedingly harmonious and pleasing, and free from that 'patch-work' appearance which is the bane of much modern architecture where stoneB of two or more colors are employed. "Inside the exterior stone walls are four and one-half inch brick walls, erected separately from the stonerwork, to which they are tied with wruught-iron anchors. There is an air-space of one and one-half 1 inches between the stone walls and the brick lining. Thus freedom , from dampnesB is secured. "The plan of the structure bears some resemblance to the letter T. In width it is seventy feet on the front, eighty-three and one-half feet ¦ on the rear, and fifty-five and one-half feet acrosB the narrow part. Its total depth is one hundred and thirty-two and one-half feet. The front ( portion of the building is two stories in height, surmounted with a high slated roof. The rear part is three stories high, the upper story being I contained within a mansard roof, having ornamental gabled stone dormers. "The building is surmounted by two front and one main tower. The ventilating shaft is Bix and a half feet square, eighty feet high, and gives perfect ventilation to the whole building. The various county offices, court- and jury- rooms are in perfect keeping with the other beau tiful and perfect architectural designs of this model structure." Dedication. — In May, 1877, the new court-house being about completed, the attention of the court was called to'the fact, when the following order was issued in reference thereto : " And now, 3d of May, 1877, in open court on the second Monday of April term, it appearing to the court that the new court-house, the erec tion of which was commenced at April term, 1875, will be completed and ready for occupancy on the 2d of July, 1877, at Argument Court, and that in view of the magnitude of the undertaking, the character of the building, its importance to the county in view of its increasing popula tion and its largely increasing judiciul business, the completion of so important a public work should be marked by proper notice ; therefore, it is ordered that A. S. Landis, Samuel Calvin, Thad. Banks, B. L. Hewit, D. J. Neff, H. H. Herr, and A. A. Stevens, Esqs., be a committee to pre pare a suitable programme of ceremonies and make such arrangements for dedicating the building to public use on the day aforesaid as may be deemed proper. "By the court. " Johs Dean, " President Judge.1' Agreeably to this order, the committee appointed prepared the following order of exercises, which was strictly observed on the day of dedication : Court called at 11 A.M. (Adjourned session.) Adjournment of court, on motion of Hon. S. S. Blair. Meeting of the bars of the district, organized with Hon. Thaddeus Banks, president. Prayer by Rev. D. H. Barron. Music. Historical address by Hon. John Dean, president judge. Music.Address, Hon. Samuel Calvin. Address, Hon. Jeremiah S. Black. Music. Addresses by Col. R. A. McMurtrie and others. Court convened at eleven o'clock promptly. The voice of the crier was heard for the first time in the new temple of justice, the judges took their stations, and the court was in session. Then Hon. S. S. Blair arose and moved the adjournment of the court, re ferring in appropriate terms to the important events that were to follow. Immediately after the adjournment of court, Mr. Landis, chairman of the committee of arrangements, arose and stated that the committee had selected the following officers for the occasion : President, Hon- Thaddeus Banks. Vice-Presidents, Gen. John Williamson, of Hunt ingdon ; John Fenlon, Esq., of Cambria. After the officers chosen had taken their positions, Mr. Landis addressed the committee of arrangements and others present, congratulating them upon the auspicious occasion which had caused them to assem ble together. Hon. Thaddeus Banks, the chairman, also made a few remarks, returning thanks for the position as signed him, and making complimentary allusions to Judges Black, Taylor, and Dean. At the conclusion of Mr. Banks' remarks, Rev. D. H. Barron, pastor of the Presbyterian Church, deliv ered an appropriate and impressive prayer, which was followed with music by the band. The chairman then introduced Hon. John Dean, president judge of 14 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. the Twenty- fourth Judicial District, who delivered an historical address,1 the chief address of the occasion, which, covering the ground as it did from 1846 to 1877, inclusive, was a most valuable and comprehen sive contribution to history. Hon. Samuel Calvin was next introduced. He said that he was assigned a place on the programme be cause he was the oldest member of the bar, but he wanted the ladies to bear in mind the difference be tween the oldest member of the bar and oldest man practicing at the bar. His address was full of reminis cences, many of them of a highly humorous char acter, concerning Judges Taylor, Burnside, and Mc Cune (associate), and the older members of the bar. The Hon. Jeremiah S. Black was next introduced, who stated that he came upon the condition that he was not to make a speech, but seeing his name on the programme as one of the speakers without his previous knowledge or authority, it was absolutely necessary that he should appear, not to make a speech, but for the purpose of apologizing for not making one ! The reason he had assigned for not making a speech was that Blair County might make and ought to make orations for herself. (Here Judge Black pointed out and commented upon the fluency of Blair County lawyers.) They told him he should come forward and make a few remarks. Well, he said, he would do that; "he would take his position on the outer edge of the created space, and crack away at all eternity." But, upon second thought, he couldn't do that. His intellectual running-gears would give out before he could reach the outer edge of created space, and he thought that all eternity would be too much for him. He regarded the address of Judge Dean as the most perfect that he could have conceived of, and so with the other gentlemen who had spoken. " You have erected a court-house which is, beyond comparison, the most perfect structure of its kind in this country. It reminds me of the description that Horace gave of the woman that he admired more than any other, simplex mundUice, — simple in the abundant wealth of its beauty." . . . "This building is dedicated to the administration of jus tice, which is the greatest of human concerns. The most important part of the machinery of justice is the county courts, the Courts of Com mon Fleas, those courts whose function it is to take original cogni zance of all cases affecting life, liberty, and property, and to do justice between man aud man. All the other machinery of our government is made for the purpose of bringing a competent judge upon that bench, and twelve honest men into that jury-box, in order that they may do justice. " For that you make a Legislature ; for that you have a Congress ; for that you have a union of the States, an executive department, an army and navy. The ultimate object of it all is that justice shall be ad ministered between tho people of a neighborhood. As long as you can maiutain perfect purity in the judiciary, and have justice administered promptly and speedily at home, it does not matter very much — that is, it is not a tiling of vital importance — how the other parts of your politi cal machinery go on; aud whenever there is any serious corruption or wrong, by which the scales of justice do not hang with an even balance in these courts of original jurisdiction, yon are in the worst possible condition in which you can be placed. " Now, gentlemen, have I made a sufficient apology for not making a speech ? If I have not, why, I will have to apologize for that. If there 1 As will be perceived, we have quoted quite extensively from this ad dress in preceding pages. was anybody here who would speak evil of the Blair County court or its bar, or to falsify its history, or to soy that the members of this bar were not the beet men in the world, then I would have an issue which I could take up with them, and I think I could keep up my side pretty well. But I have nobody to fight I I am, therefore, in a situation some what like that of Jemima Wickersham, a female prophet, who made her appearance in Western New York. She said Bhe was able to walk upon the water miraculously, and called divers persons to witness the per. furmance. They assembled in large numbers, and just before she made preparation to step out on the lake she aaked the crowd there assem bled if they believed she could do it. They told her that they thought she could not. ' Then,' she said, 'you have little faith,— a generation of vipers, who seek a sign, and shall find none.' Therefore Bhe would not walk upon tho water that day. She tried them again, however, another day, and she put the same queBtion to them, and, knowing what sort of an answer had defeated them before, they answered affirmatively that they believed she could. ' Very well, then,' said she, ' there is no use to work miracles in your presence, you have faith enough!' Now, I think you all have faith enough in your judge, and faith enough in your bar, and faith enough in yourBelves to get pn very well without any exhortation from me, and therefore I bid you an affectionate fare well." At the conclusion of Judge Black's remarks various persons were called upon for speeches, Col. R. A. McMurtrie, Judges Orvis and Hall, and Messrs. Or bison, Williamson, Johnston, and others. The ma jority of those called out, however, refused to respond. Gen. Williamson delivered an address, sparkling with that wit for which he is so famous, while the remarks of R. L. Johnston, Esq., of Cambria County, were intensely humorous and highly enjoyed by the au dience. The meeting then adjourned, and the formal dedicatory ceremonies were over. We will add, however, that the building and its surroundings complete cost about one hundred and forty thousand dollars. County Almshouse. — This refuge of the poor of the county is situated in Allegheny township, about a mile and a half northwest of the county-seat. It is a well-constructed brick building, two stories and a half high, and contains fifty-two rooms. In addi tion to these are two dining-rooms and two kitchens, besides the halls or corridors. The building was planned by that well-known architect, Hayden Smith, and Messrs. Peter Empfield and John B. Westley were its builders. It was erected in 1849-50, and cost seven thousand eight hundred and sixty-six dollars and fifty cents. The farm contains two hundred and sixty-seven acres, twelve perches, being part of two tracts of land formerly owned by Joseph Patton and John Cochran. Both of these tracts were purchased by Samuel Royer, and by him transferred to the county in consideration of the sum of ten thousand dollars. The farm, gen erally speaking, is kept under a high state of culti vation. The house was first occupied in April, 1850, and was in charge of Mr. John Lytle, its first steward, until 1852. He was succeeded by Edward McGraw, who remained until 1863; then came O. E. Crissman, who served until 1870. From 1870 to September, 1873, Joshua Aurandt occupied the position, and was then succeeded by William Shinefelt, who remained until April, 1881, when he was succeeded by Seth E. COUNTY BUILDINGS, ETC. 15 Campbell, the present steward. Dr. J. A. Landis was the first almshouse physician. Dr. W. C. Roller is the present one. The County's Financial Condition. — To show the present financial condition of the county, we submit the following summary of receipts and expenditures from Jan. 3, 1881, to Jan. 2, 1882 : BECEIPTS. From collectors of townships and boroughs, etc {68,260.42 EXPENDITURES. Attorneys 81,11-1.47 Bridges 5,187.30 Bonds and interest 19,501.63 Commissioners' office 2,577.92 Courts 7,887.24 Court-house.. 1,394.59 Jails and penitentiaries 5,805.01 Printing and stationery 1,807.03 Poor and lunatics 13,417.51 Treasurer's commissions 1,980.20 Miscellaneous 7,588.52 — : $68,260.42 1 INDEBTEDNESS. Total county indebtedness, less $38,714.40, the amount of outstanding debts due the county Jan. 2, 1882 $66,085.60 County Officers, Year of Election or Appointment. PRESIDENT JUDGES. Jeremiah S. Black, from the 27th of July, 1846 (the fourth Monday when the first court was held), to and including the March term of 1849. George Taylor, from April 5, 1849 (his first court being held on the second Monday of July, 1849), to November, 1871. John Dean, from the autumn of 1871 to the present time ;' was re-elected for a second term in October, 1881. ASSOCIATE JUDGES. George R. McFarlane, appointed June 8, 1846. Daniel McConnell, appointed June 8, 1846. George R. McFarlane, appointed March 11, 1847. Davis Brooke, appointed Jan. 28, 1848. James Gardner, appointed April 10, 1851. James Gardner, elected October, 1852. Levi Slingluff, elected October, 1852. James D. Rea, appointed July 25, 1854. James L. Gwin, appointed March, 1855. David Caldwell, elected October, 1855. John Penn Jones, elected October, 1855. Adam Moses, elected October, 1860. Samuel Dean, elected October, 1860. Adam Moses, elected October, 1865. B. F. Rose, elected October, 1865. George W. Patton, elected October, 1870. Joseph Irwin, elected October, 1870. Charles J. Mann, elected October, 1875. Samuel Smith, elected October, 1875. Bobert Stewart, elected October, 1880. Robert L. Gamble,2 elected October, 1880. Joseph Fichtner, appointed September, 1881. DISTRICT ATTORNEYS. The first district attorney, Col. John Cresswell, was appointed by Governor Shunk, 'in June, 1846, and he was suceeeded by David M. Hofius, appointed by Governor Johnston, who occupied the position until 1861, when the oflice became elective. Joseph Kemp was then elected by the Whigs, but his health failing soon after, George A. Coffey performed the duties 1 There is a manifest error in this statement as printed, for there was • balance remaining in the hands of the treasurer Jan. 2, 1882, of 1207.77. 8 Died in September, 1881, Fichtner being appointed to fill the vacancy. of the office until 1854, when Essington Hammond was elected. At the expiration of his term, Benja min L. Hewit filled the office two terms ; then John H. Keatley served almost two terms. Mr. Keatley resigned the last year of his second term, when John Dean was appointed to fill the vacancy. Mr. Dean was then elected at the next general election, and served one term. He was succeeded by Milton Alexander, who served one term. James F. Milliken was Mr. Alexander's successor ; then came Thomas W. Jack son, and, lastly, the present incumbent, J. D. Hicks, Esq., who was elected in the fall of 1880. SHERIFFS. Benjamin E. Betts, appointed June 23, 1846. Samuel J. Royer, elected October, 1816. Thomas Rees, elected October, 1849. William Reed, elected October, 1852. George Port, elected October, 1855. James Funk, elected October, 1858. Samuel McCamant, elected October, 1861. Martin L. Bechtel, elected October, 1864. John McKeage, elected October, 1867. Henry B. Huff, elected October, 1870. Alexander Bobb, elected October, 1873. James M. Stiffler, elected October, 1879. G. T. Bell, elected October, 1879. PROTHONOTARIES AND CLERKS OF COURTS. Jeremiah Cunningham, appointed June 10, 1846. Joseph Smith, elected October, 1846.. George W. Johnston, elected October, 1849. Hugh McNeal, elected October, 1852. Joseph Baldridge, elected October, 1856, and October, 1858. Anthony S. Morrow, elected October, 1861, October, 1864, October, 1867, and October, 1870. James P. Stewart, elected October, 1873, October, 1876, and October, 1879. REGISTERS AND RECORDERS. John M. Gibbony, appointed June 17, 1846. Louis H. Williams, elected October, 1847, October, 1850, and October, 1853. Hugh A. Caldwell, elected October, 1856, October, 1859, and October, 1862. David M. Jones, elected October, 1865, October, 1868, and October, 1871. Abraham Lingenfelter, elected October, 1874, and October, 1877. James S. Plummer,3 elected October, 1880. TREASURERS. Robert H. McCormick, appointed June 9, 1846. Joseph Morrow, elected 1846. John Penn Jones, elected 1848. A. M. Lloyd, elected 1850. James M. Hewit, elected 1852. Joshua W. McCord, elected 1854. Samuel Hoover, elected 1856. John Lingenfelter, elected 1858. John McKeage, elected 1860. James H. Cramer, elected 1862. David Stiteler, elected 1864. John W. Black, elected 1866. John M. Clark, elected 1868. Joseph Baldridgo, elected 1870. George W. Metz, elected 1872. Isaac F. Beamer, elected 1874. Alexander Rutledge, elected 1876. Johnston C. Akers, elected 1880. COUNTY COMMISSIONERS. Valentine Lingenfelter, appointed June, 1846. William Bell, appointed June, 1846. William C. McCormick, appointed June, 1846. a HiB son, J. Lee Plummer, being deputy. 16 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. John K. Neff (for three years), elected October, 1846. C. Stoner, elected 1853. Edward McGraw (for two years), elected October, 1846. David Fleck, elected 1854. William Bell (for one year), elected October, 1846. C. Guyer, elected 1855. Jacob Hoover, elected October, 1847. M. Wike, elected 1856. David Caldwell, elected October, 1848. Samuel Shryver, elected 1857. Jacob Burley, elected October, 1849. George Weaver, elected 1858. Samuel Dean, elected October, 1850. John B. Riddle, elected 1859. John Bennett, elected October, 1851. Peter Good, elected 1860. John Lowe, elected October, 1852. William Burley, elected 1861. John Campbell, elected October, 1853. David Aurandt, elected 1862. James Roller, elected October, 1854. Jacob Nicodemus, elected 1863. JameB Hutchinson, elected October, 1855. Samuel Jones, elected 1864. David M. Confer,' elected October, 1856. Samuel Moore, elected 1865. John R. McFarlane, elected October, 1857. Stephen Hammond, elected 1866. Enos M. Jones, elected October, 1858. Samnel Smith, elected 1867. George L. Cowen, elected October, 1859. David Crawford, elected 1868. George Koon, elected October, 1860. Jacob Stifler, elected 1869. James M. Kinkead, elected October, 1861. Abraham Louden, elected 1870. David Shock,2 elected October, 1862. Andrew Biddle and John M. Bush, appointed to fill vacancy 1870. George W. Hewit, elected October, 1863. James M. Johnston, elected 1871. Robert Waring, elected October, 1864. F. D. Young, elected 1872. John C. Biddle, elected October, 1865. Albert Wilson, elected 1873. Robert R. Hamilton, elected October, 1866. Joseph Riddle, elected 1874. Joshua Roller, elected October, 1867- David Bell, elected 1875. David Henshey, elected October, 1868. Edward Bell, elected 1876. Jacob Walter, elected October, 1869. John S. Biddle, elected 1877. David S. Longeuecker, elected October, 1870. David Bell, elected 1878. Samuel Morrow, elected October, 1871. Jacob C. Mattern, elected 1879. David Aurandt, elected October, 1872. Eli Smith, elected 1880. John Clark, elected October, 1873. David Bell, elected 1881. Alexander Caruthers, elected October, 1874. AUDITORS. John Halfpenny, elected October, 1875. Charles E. Kinkead, elected 1846. Jonathan Slippy, elected October, 1875. William P. Dysart, elected 1846. Johu Hileman, elected October, 1875. James Wilson, elected 1846. John Halfpenny, elected October, 1878. William Reed, elected 1847. Samuel B. Confer, elected October, 1878. James L. Gwin, elected 1848. James Mcintosh, elected October, 1878. David Tate, elected 1849. John S. Calvert, elected October, 1881. Jacob Walter, elected 1850. Joshua II Roller, elected October, 1881. George W. Smith, elected 1851. JameB Mcintosh, elected October, 1881. James A. McCahan, elected 1852. Hugh A. Caldwell served as commissioners' clerk Samuel Smith, elected 1853. Henry Lingenfelter, elected 1854. from the organization of the county until the autumn John Hagerty, elected 1855. of 1846 ; then John Brotherline until March 22, 1847. John W. Tippery, elected 1856. L. H. Williams was then appointed and served until December, 1856. From Dec. 15, 1856, to Dec. 23, Samuel Morrow, elected 1857. A. C. McCartney, elected 1858. Joseph R. Hewitt, elected 1859. 1862, Hugh A. Caldwell again held the position, A. M. Lloyd, elected I860. since which time Joseph Baldrige, the present clerk, R. M. Messimer, elected 1861. has officiated. L. Lowry Moore, elected 1862. CORONERS. David Henshey, elected 1863. John A. Crawford, elected 1863. Joseph C. Morgan, elected 1847. Alexander Knox, elected 1864. James Funk, elected 1855. George W. Reed, elected 1864. William Fox, elected 1858. M. D. Thatcher, elected 1865. Jacob Weidensall, elected 1864. Abraham Rubison, elected 1866. John W. Humes, elected 1869. James McKim, elected 1866. George S. Mitchell, elected 1880. D. E. McCahan, elected 1867. SURVEYORS. S. A. Fulton, elected 1868. Henry C. Nicodemus, elected 1862. George W. Hoover, elected 1868. William H Canan. elected 1869. John M. Gibbony, elected 1875. Francis Cassiday, elected 1878. J. D. HickB, elected 1869. William H Calvert, elected 1870. DIRECTORS OF THE POOR. John C. Robison , elected 1871. William Bell, elected 1849. J. J. Noffsker, elected 1872. Josepli Fay, elected 1849. Martin Boll, Jr., elected 1873. J. A. Landis, elected 1849. Alexander Knox, elected 1874. Edward McGraw, elected 1851. Charles E. Butler, elected 1875. Jacob Tgow, elected 1851. J. Ross Mateer, elected 1876. John G. McKee, elected 1851. B. F. Custer, elected 1876. John Bennett, elected 1852. J. E. Hagey, olected 1876. George Cowen, elected 1852. S. C. Baker, elected 1879. J. H. Isett, elected 1879. A. C. Chipper, elected 1879. 1 Jacob Barnhart appointed to fill vacancy. Aden T. Wilsou, elected 1881. 2 Joseph Irwin appointed to fill vacancy, Shock having entered the Henry C. Lorenz, elected 1881. army. James H. Patterson, elected 1881. THE PRESS. 17 CHAPTER VI. THE PRESS. Hollidaysburg Newspapers — The Aurora, the firBt Attempt — Extract from the first Editor's Valedictory Address— Hollidaysburg Sentinel- Cunal and Portage Register — Its changes in Name and Proprietorship — Bollidaysburg Standard — Beacon Light — Democratic Standard — Blair County Whig— Its Changes tq the Blair County Radical — Tho Shield— The Leader — Altoona Publications— Altoona Register — Al toona Tribune— Daily Tribune — Altoona Vindicator — Altoona Sun — Daily Sun — Altoona Baptist — The Evening Mirror — Democratic Call — Evening Call— Present Weekly, Daily, aud Sunday Call — Living Age —The Globe — Home Base — Der Deutsche Volksfilhrer — Musical Advocate— Gospel Trumpet — Altoona Advance — Youths' Mirror — Our Work— Book-Keeper and Penman— Sunday Morning — City Direc tories—The Mirror Hand-Book — The First Venture — Step's History of Altoona and Blair County — Tyrone Newspapers— American Era — Herald— Star— Western Hemisphere — Present Tyrone Herald — Tyrone Blade— Tyrone Democrat — Tyrone Times — Martinsburg NewBpapors — Cove Echo— Williamsburg Newspapers— Temperance Vindicator— Williamsburg Independent. HOLLIDAYSBURG NEWSPAPERS. The Hollidaysburg Aurora, the first newspaper pub lished within the limits of the present county of Blair, was established by T. P. Campbell in 1833, the first number being issued August 9th of that year. It was a neutral five-column folio, and bore the motto, "Truth incontestable in spite of all 1" The business notice in the upper left-hand corner of the copies we have seen declared that the paper would be furnished to subscribers at the rate of " two dollars per annum if paid within the year, otherwise $2.50 will be charged." Advertisements were inserted at the rate of one dollar per square. The editor gave notice that all commu nications sent through the mails must be postpaid to receive attention, and further declared that no sub scriptions would be discontinued until all arrearages were discharged. Mr. Campbell continued the publication of the Au rora for one year, when he sold out to Messrs. H. & F. Semple, and removing to Huntingdon, soon after began the practice of law. No. 1 of Volume II., under the management of the Semple Brothers, was issued Thursday, Sept. 4, 1834, and in this number was pub lished Mr. Campbell's valedictory. The Semple Brothers conducted the Aurora in the interests of the Anti-Masonic party for a year or so, but, not succeeding very well as newspaper men, the publication of the paper then ceased, and the press and other material of the office passed into the possession of Jacob Snyder and Peter Hewit. It has been asserted that the Aurora " was again revived in the Register in 1836." This is an error, we believe, for, in 1837, Messrs. Snyder & Hewit advertised for sale an " Imperial Clymer" press, type, and other ma terial, formerly used in the publication of the Aurora. The Hollidaysburg Sentinel and Huntingdon, Cam- Ma, and Bedford County Democrat was the next jour nalistic enterprise attempted in this portion of the commonwealth. Certain zealous Democratic resi dents of Hollidaysburg, fancying that they needed an organ to advocate their interests, as well as to assist in the candidature and election of Van Buren and John son, raised seven hundred dollars, purchased the ma terials of a defunct Huntingdon paper, and began the publication of a journal under the title mentioned at the beginning of this paragraph. It was a five-column folio, William R. McCay was its editor, and No. 1 of Volume I. was dated Tuesday, Oct. 6, 1835. It also ceased to exist after a year or so, and was succeeded by The Standard. The Canal and Portage Register was established by John Scott and Henry C. Gray, and No. 1 of Volume I. was issued at Hollidaysburg, July 2, 1836. It was a five-column folio, and advocated the election of William Henry Harrison and Francis Granger, the Whig candidates for President and Vice-President of the United States. In their first announcement to the public the publisher said, " In conducting the Register we shall use every exertion in our power to make it a useful and interesting journal to every class of our readers, embracing in its columns that variety of in formation which the different tastes and the m ultiplied pursuits of the public may demand. A newspaper, in order to be generally useful, must not be devoted to the interest of one class alone. The farmer, the mechanic, the merchant, or the politician cannot ex pect that his interests alone will be consulted to the exclusion of all others." John Penn Jones purchased Mr. Gray"s interest Oct. 26, 1836, and Messrs. Scott & Jones continued as partners until April 11, 1838, when Mr. Jones be came sole proprietor, and enlarging the paper to a six- column folio, changed the name to the Hollidaysburg Register and Huntingdon County Inquirer. From May 1, 1839, to Feb. 24, 1840, D. B. Williams was asso ciated with Mr. Jones. After the latter date Mr. Jones conducted the paper alone, and on the 4th of March, 1846, changed the name to the Hollidaysburg Register and Blair County Inquirer. About 1855 the name was again changed to the Hollidaysburg Register and Blair County Weekly News. On the 25th of September, 1861, Mr. Jones took in H. A. Caldwell as a partner, and they continued to gether until Oct. 21, 1863, when John Dean, now president judge of this judicial district, became its proprietor. He sold it to Samuel Hoover & Son in 1866, and March 16, 1868, it was purchased by the brothers David and Jacob Z. Over. They changed the name to its present style, viz., the Hollidaysburg Register, Jan. 7, 1870, and on the 27th of November, 1872, Jacob Z. Over retired from the firm. On the 14th of April, 1880, the paper was enlarged from twenty-four to thirty-six columns, and on that day appeared in a dress of new and beautiful type. Throughout its existence the Register has been a stanch Whig and Republican journal. It is now published by David Over & Son. The Hollidaysburg Standard, a five-column folio, was started with the materials of the old Huntingdon Gazette by P. L. Joslin, with George R. McFarlane as 18 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. editor, in the spring of 1838, and originally was owned by stockholders. On the 1st of January, 1841, O. A. Traugh and H. A. Boggs took charge, and conducted the paper until Jan. 1, 1843, when, differences occur ring between the editors and stockholders in regard to the Portage Railroad, Messrs. Traugh & Boggs withdrew, and purchasing new material, started a new paper called the Beacon Light, a six-column folio, which was regularly published until June, 1845. Meanwhile, John Dougherty purchased a lot of new material and began the publication of the Dem ocratic Standard about Oct. 10, 1844. Soon after that time Alonzo S. Dougherty purchased the Standard, while O. A. Traugh purchased the interest of Mr. Boggs in the Beacon Light. Messrs. Traugh & Dough erty then merged these papers into a new series of the Democratic Standard, the event being consummated May 1, 1845. One year later Mr. Traugh became sole proprietor, and has continued as such until the present time, now more than thirty-six years, and making more than forty years of continuous newspa per work in Hollidaysburg, counting his connection with both papers. The Standard is an eight-column folio, and has always been ably edited. Among those who have assisted to give it character in an editorial capacity were U. J. Jones, author of the " History of the Juniata Valley," and Wesley H. Schwartz, the present editor of the Altoona Tribune. The Blair County Whig was established by Jacob L. Slentz in 1846. It also was a Hollidaysburg pub lication. After about three years it was purchased by George T. Raymond and William S. Wilson. Subsequently Mr. Raymond conducted the paper alone. He is said to have been murdered at Wood bury, N. J. After a suspension of a month or so John Brotherline, Esq., purchased it, and continued its publication for a number of years. In 1861, John H. Keatley was associated with Mr. Brotherline, and about 1866 the name of the paper was changed to that of the Radical and Blair County Whig. On the 18th day of May, 1868, it was purchased by M. Edgar King and James H. Irwin. Its name was changed to Blair County Radical, and the office was soon after removed to the city of Altoona. The interest of James H. Irwin was purchased by Samuel G. Irwin, May 6, 1878, and by him leased to M. Edgar King. After that time James H. Irwin reassociated himself with Mr. King. Another change in its management has taken place within a recent period, and James H. Irwin is its present editor and publisher. The Radi cal is an advocate of Republican principles, and is now (October, 1881) near the end of its thirty-fifth volume. The Shield, a paper in the interest of the Catholic Church, was published at Hollidaysburg during the years 1849-50 by Hayden Smith. John H. Keatley commenced the publication of The Leader in Hollidaysburg in 1866, but after a little more than a year it was discontinued, and the materials being purchased by Dr. J. P. Thompson of Williamsburg, Pa., he there started the Temper ance Vindicator in the spring of 1868. About 1870 the paper was sold to Col. George F. McFarland, who removed the office to Harrisburg, but the press and other fixtures went to the Bedford Press oflice. ALTOONA PUBLICATIONS. In the spring of 1855, William H. and J. A. Sny der began the publication of the first newspaper en terprise undertaken in Altoona. They used the ma terials of the Standing Stone Banner, and their paper was known as the Altoona Register. After some five or six months it was discontinued, and the materials of the office were purchased by Ephraim B. McCrum and William M. Allison, who commenced the Altoona Tribune Jan. 1, 1856. On the 1st of May, 1858, Mr. Allison disposed of his interest to H. C. Dern, and July 19, 1875, the in terest of Mr. McCrum passed into the hands of Hugh Pitcairn, who with Mr. Dern has conducted the paper to the present writing. The Daily Tribune was first issued by Messrs. McCrum & Dern, April 14, 1873, which, after an existence of just two years, was dis continued. On the 28th of January, 1878, Messrs. Dern & Pitcairn resumed the daily edition, which with the weekly continues to be published. The Tribune has ever been an able advocate of Republi can principles, and has enjoyed a reasonable degree of prosperity. Recently the proprietors erected a .neat and substantial three-story brick building, es pecially designed as a printing-house, on Twelfth Street, between Eleventh and Twelfth Avenues. Adam J. Green performed editorial work on the Tribune for a number of years. On the 1st of Feb ruary, 1881, he was succeeded by W. H. Schwartz, who, in an editorial capacity, has been connected with the Altoona Sun, the Democratic Standard of Hollidaysburg, and the Altoona Tribune since Jan. 1, 1869. The Altoona Vindicator was established by James F. Campbell, May 1, 1868. In February, 1869, the office was nearly all destroyed by fire. New mate rial was at once secured, but on the 10th day of De cember, 1869, D. W. Moore became its owner, who changed the name to the Altoona Sun, June 2, 1870. It was then variously managed by Moore & Son, Moore & McKinney, and again by D. W. Moore alone. John W. McKinney entered the firm Feb. 10, 1871. The Daily Sun was first issued May 2, 1870, and was coutinued seven months. On the 10th of May, 1874, the office was purchased by the brothers N. C. and Cyrus N. Barclay, who en larged it Jan. 1, 1879. InNovember of that year a joint- stock company was organized, composed of alargenum- ber of the most active Democrats of Blair, Cambria, Huntingdon, and Somerset Counties, for the purpose of establishing a daily Democratic paper in Altoona THE PRESS. 19 in connection with the Weekly Sun. The organiza tion, under the title of " The Sun Printing and Pub lishing Company," was completed Nov. 25, 1879, by the election of the following board of directors : An drew J. Riley, John P. Levan, George W. Good, N. C. Barclay, S. M. Woodcock, M. Fitzharris, Albert F. Hess, F. D. Casanave, and R. W. Guthrie. This board of directors at a subsequent meeting elected A. J. Eiley president, N. C. Barclay treasurer and busi ness manager, and R. W. Guthrie clerk. William P. Furey was elected managing editor, John M. Furey city editor, and Cyrus N. Barclay superintendent of the printing department. Under this management the first number of the Altoona Daily Sun was issued Dec. 11, 1879. On the 17th day of March, 1881, however, the property of The Sun Printing and Publishing Company was sold at public sale, when Messrs. N. C. and Cyrus N. Barclay purchased the same, and have since continued the publication of the Daily and the Weekly Sun. The Altoona Baptist, first a folio, but afterwards changed to a quarto, and published in the interest of the First Baptist Church of Altoona, was established in November, 1873, Rev. William Codville, editor. It was published by Harry Slep for about one year, when it was discontinued. The Evening Mirror was started in Altoona, June 13, 1874, by Harry Slep and George J. Akers. It was a penny daily of four columns, but September 14th of the same year it was enlarged to five columns. W. J. Fleming entered the firm Nov. 15, 1874. On the 30th of May, 1875, it was- again enlarged to six columns, the price being fixed at two cents per copy, or forty cents per month. Harry Slep became the sole proprietor Nov. 16, 1877, but his health failing he sold the paper Dec. 1, 1878, to W. K. Bucking ham and W. S. Nicodemus, who, after a few months, changed it from an Independent to a Democratic paper, and named it the Democratic Call. Shortly after it resumed its independence from party shackles and bore the name of the Evening Call. It then passed into the hands of Alexander & Herr, who conducted it until Jan. 1, 1880, when Edward B. Haines, who for six years previously published the WiUiamsport Banner, purchased the controlling in terest and inaugurated active measures for the im provement of the paper. He constructed a suitable building adjoining the one previously occupied, ; stocked it with new printing materials, introduced steam, etc., and at present publishes, in addition to the daily edition, a weekly edition of four pages, and also a Sunday edition styled the Sunday Call, an eight-column folio. The Sunday paper was first issued June 5, 1880, and Mr. Haines became sole owner of the Call printing establishment December 1st following. p In 1874, D. B. Ream commenced the publication of a temperance paper in Altoona called the Living Age, but, notwithstanding its title, it survived but a brief period, and the materials being purchased by George J. Akers, he established a Sunday paper called the Globe, which, after a couple of months, or in the be ginning of the year 1877, was converted into a daily. The paper was continued by Mr. Akers for some time, but for lack of proper lubrication the Globe ceased to revolve daily, and it was purchased by John Tom- linson and run as a Greenback paper, but this enter prise also failing, its publication ceased. The Home Base, a base-ball weekly, was published during the season of 1876, by Frank McCullough, at the Mirror printing-house. Der Deutsche Volksfiihrer (the German People's Leader) was first issued by Harry Slep, March 28, 1878. It is an eight-column folio, not political, and is the only German paper printed in the Juniata Valley. It was sold by Mr. Slep to L. G. Lamade, in March, 1881, but is still published at Harry Slep's printing-house. The Musical Advocate, of Altoona, a monthly publi cation, was established in July, 1877. R. B. Ma- haffey is editor and proprietor, and its terms are fifty cents per year. The Gospel Trumpet, T. B. Patton, editor, was es tablished in 1878. It is circulated gratuitously, and is printed at Harry Slep's Mirror printing-house. The Altoona Advance, weekly, by Mr. and Mrs. T. P. Rynder, was first issued May 3, 1879. It is prin cipally devoted to commercial purposes, and is deliv ered free at every house in the city, but in the country, where it also circulates, a small subscription price is charged. Politically it is a Greenback labor- reform paper, Mr. Rynder having been one of the first in the State to advocate a new party on the finan cial and labor issues. It advocates high tariff, high wages, and cash payments. It is also a temperance journal. Mrs. Rynder contributes largely to its col umns, and it has a circulation of thirty-five thousand copies. The Advance was first printed at Harry Slep's printing-house. It is now published at the Call office, but with the beginning of its next volume its pro prietors propose to occupy an establishment of their own. In August, 1879, Ed. J. Slep commenced the publi cation of the Youth's Mirror, a creditable monthly sheet, devoted exclusively to the rising generation. It is now issued semi-monthly. Our Work, a monthly, was established in Febru ary, 1880. It was printed at the Mirror printing- house, but published by the Young People's Christian Association of the Second Presbyterian Church. It was discontinued in June, 1881. The Book-keeper and Penman, monthly, was started in August, 1880, by J. F. Davis, editor and proprie tor. Its terms are one dollar per year. The Sunday Morning, a weekly eight-column folio, printed at Slep's printing-house, was established by George J. Akers in June, 1881. The first Altoona City Directory of any consequence 20 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. was published in 1873, by Thomas H. Greevy. The accuracy and extent of the information it contained made it extremely valuable. This was followed by a directory for 1875-76, by the same author. The di rectory for 1878-79 was published by William H. Renner, of Altoona. It was a most complete com pendium of such information as is sought for in a publication of the kind. For the year 1875, George J. Akers compiled " The Mirror Hand-Book and Compendium of Facts,'' a pamphlet of forty-seven pages. It contained a syn opsis of the local occurrences of that year, such as marriages and deaths, interments in Fairview Ceme tery, State, county, and city elections, a brief history of Altoona, a list of city and county officers, sketch of the publie schools, etc., making it a valuable book of reference. Harry Slep was the publisher. In the early part of 1879, " The First Venture," a book consisting of one hundred and eighty-seven pieces of poetry and a story in prose, entitled " After Many Days," was issued from the press of Harry Slep. The book contained sixty pages. Five hun dred copies were issued, which commanded a ready sale. It was prepared by Harry L. Woods, the author of a book of Irish tales entitled " Pat Muldoon's Anecdotes." During the year 1880 an illustrated volume of two hundred and sixty-five pages, edited by James H. Ewing and Harry Slep, of Altoona, and issued from the press of Harry Slep's printing-house, was de livered to its patrons. It is entitled the " History of the City of Altoona and Blair County," and contains brief historical sketches of Hollidaysburg, Tyrone, Bell's Mills, Roaring Springs, Martinsburg, Williams burg, Gaysport, Bennington Furnace, Kittanning Point, Arch Spring, Tipton, Newry, and Duncans- ville, besides a considerable amount of classified in formation not practicable to enumerate here. The work is meritorious. TYRONE NEWSPAPERS. The American Era was established by a stock com pany in Tyrone about the year 1856, with W. S. H. Keys as editor, afterwards Benjamin Jones. The ma terial then went into the Tyrone Herald oflice,'pub- lished by Robert Stoddard, which paper was sus pended in about a year thereafter. As the Tyrone Star, it was revived by M. H. Jolly ; afterwards it was conducted by Capt. James Bell, and suspended. Soon after the paper was again resuscitated by a stock com pany called the Western Hemisphere, and had J. W. Scott and Cyrus Jeffries as editors. Strange to relate, however, the Western Hemisphere, too, disappeared from view after a brief existence. In August, 1867, H. R. Holsinger re-established the paper under the old name, the Tyrone Herald. Messrs. J. L. Holmes and C. S. W. Jones became its owners in April, 1868, and for some time after April 1869, Mr. Jones alone conducted it. W. H. H. ' Brainerd was a partner in 1871-72, and Al. Tyhurst in 1875-76. Mr. Jones continues its publication at the present time. On the morning of July 8, 1880 the new three-story Herald building was destroyed by fire, together with a large portion of Mr. Jones' print ing material. With most commendable energy and enterprise on the part of its publisher, however, the paper made its appearance regularly, as if nothing had happened. The Tyrone Blade was established by J. L. Holmes June 1, 1870. George Stroup became its owner Nov. 22, 1872, who changed the name to the Tyrone Demo crat, and continued its publication until July 8, 1880 when the oflice was burned in the conflagration which destroyed the printing-house of its contemporary, the Herald, but, not like the latter paper, it has never risen, Phoenix-like, from its ashes. The Tyrone Times, started as a semi-weekly paper June 1, 1880, was soon after changed to a weekly journal. Messrs. Holmes & Wooden are its present proprietors. MARTINSBURG NEWSPAPERS. The Cove Echo was published in 1874-75 in Mar tinsburg, by Henry and John Brumbaugh, and sub sequently by B. F. Lehman, but it was discontinued for lack of adequate support. WILLIAMSBURG NEWSPAPERS. As mentioned previously, a newspaper known as The Leader was established in Hollidaysburg by John H. Keatley in 1866. After an existence of a little more than a year it was discontinued, but the materials of the office being purchased by Dr. J. P. Thompson, of Williamsburg, he removed them to the latter place and began the publication of a paper in the spring of 1868 styled the Temperance Vindicator. About the year 1870, Dr. Thompson sold out to Col. George F. McFarland, who removed the office to Harrisburg, but the press and other material went to the Bedford Press office. The Williamsburg Independent, Williamsburg's pres ent newspaper, was established by Rev. William W. Dunmire, its present editor and proprietor,vin May, 1881, the first number appearing on the 10th of that month. It is a weekly, seven-column folio, and, ac cording to its motto, " A family paper, independent in all things and neutral in nothing, seeking the public good." The Independent is ably conducted, and has a circulation of about four hundred copies, besides which a considerable amount of finely-exe cuted job-work is done in the office. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. 21 CHAPTER VII. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. Early Physicians— Drs. McCloskey, Bond, Buchanan, Alexander Johns ton, Coffey, Metzger, Stark, Kneophler, Houtz, Keisey, Wolf, Trimble, Hamill, John D. Ross, Thomas Johnston, Getty, and Schmidt— The Blair County Medical Society organized in 1848— Original Members — Subsequent MemberB— 'Present Officers — Present Members — Phy sicians who Practice in the County at the Present Time. Of the early medical practitioners within the pres ent limits of Blair County, frequent mention is made in the separate township and borough histories found in this work, and to those narrations the reader is re ferred for pertinent matters not found, perhaps, in this chapter ; for at this time it would prove to be an impracticable, never-ending task to attempt the work of preparing a complete medical history of this region covering the last one hundred and twenty-five years. We have learned, however, that Dr. John McClos- key, a young unmarried man, owning one horse, was a practicing physician in Frankstown township in 1787, and that a Dr. Bond owned unseated lands in the township at the same time. In 1810, Dr. John Buchanan practiced- medicine in the same township, and occupied a field in which, but a few years later, Dr. Alexander Johnston became his immediate suc cessor. Dr. Johnston was the son of a Presbyterian minister of Huntingdon. He continued at Franks- town until about the year 1856, when he removed to Armagh, Indiana Co., Pa., and died there some four or five years ago at the age of about ninety years. Dr. James Coffey, Dr. John Metzger, and Dr. Thomas Stark were also early physicians of Franks- town township, their names being mentioned in the records as early as 1830. In Williamsburg, Dr. George Kneophler was established as a practicing physician at the beginning of the century. Dr. Daniel Houtz, Dr. Alfred Keisey, Dr. Jesse Wolf, Dr.- James Trim ble, Dr. Robert Hamill, and the present Dr. John D. Ross were also early physicians in that village or its vicinity. Dr. Thomas Johnston was at Davidsburg, at least he owned property there, in 1830, and in Mar tinsburg Dr. John Getty and Dr. Schmidt were estab lished as early as 1840. Blair County Medical Society.— In pursuance of a call which appeared in the Hollidaysburg news papers under date of July 1, 1848, and signed by Drs. James Coffey, J. A, Landis, A. Rodrique, Robert W. Christy, and Harry T. Coffey, a meeting of physicians was held in Hollidaysburg July 25, 1848, at which were present besides those signing the call Dr. Wil liam R. Findley, of Frankstown, and Dr. John Getty, of Martinsburg. At this meeting Dr. Getty served as the presiding officer, and Dr. Harry T. Coffey as sec retary. Before adjournment Drs. Landis, Findley, and H. T. Coffey were appointed a committee to draft a constitution and by-laws. On the 15th of November, 1848, an adjourned meeting was held at the Exchange Hotel in Holli daysburg. A constitution and by-laws were then adopted and signed by those present, viz. : Drs. James Coffey, Landis, Rodrique, Christy, and Harry T. Coffey, and the following officers elected : Dr. James Coffey, president ; A. Rodrique, vice-president; Rob ert W.' Christy, secretary ; and J. A. Landis, treas urer. The constitution adopted describes the object of the society to be the advancement of medical knowledge, and to sustain and elevate the medical profession, to protect the interests of its members, to extend the bounds of medical science, and to promote all meas ures calculated to relieve suffering, to improve the health and to protect the lives of the community. Article 3, section 1, says, "No one shall be admitted as a member unless he is a graduate in medicine of some respectable school, or has a license to practice from some board recognized by the State Medical Society, or has been a practitioner of medicine for at least fifteen years, and who is in good moral standing in the place where he resides." The constitution and by-laws have been but slightly amended since their adoption in 1848. The society is also governed by the code of ethics of the American Medical Asso ciation. The present officers of the society are S. M. Ross, president; John D. Ross, treasurer; George W. Smith, secretary; and the present active members, Joseph H. Ake, G. F. Arney, M. F. Black, D. W. Bonebreak, F. G. Bloom, H. C. Bloom, G. E. Breh- man, G. W. Burket, R. W. Christy, C. H. Clossin, Rowan Clark, John Feay, William M. Findley, William R. Findley, J. F. Fulton, J. M. Gemmill, D. S. Hays, J. W. Johnston, H. Jacobs, J. A. Landis, Crawford Irwin, R. C. Irwin, E. S. Miller1, John D. Ross, S. M. Ross, W. S. Ross, George W. Smith, J. M. Smith, W. C. Roller, Sidney Thompson, J. C. Thompson, and T. H. White. Among others who have been members of the society, but are now deceased, or have removed, etc., were R. W. Christy, Sr., deceased ; B. F. Royer, de ceased ; Henry F. Conrad, deceased ; J. F. Kay, de ceased ; C. J. Hirst, deceased ; C. H. Gardner, now in Philadelphia ; Jacob M. Confer, deceased ; J. H. Christy, deceased ; J. Cooper McKee, now serving in the United States army ; William B. Roberts, de ceased ; J. C. Happersett, now in the United States army; H. H. Roedel, removed; Charles Bower ; J. T. Wilson ; 0. E. M. Haberacker, resigned ; J. D. W. Henderson, removed; J. D. Kirk, removed; and Thomas F. Findley, deceased. Present Blair County Physicians {including Rep resentatives of Various Schools of Medicine and Surgery). —To Jan. 1, 1882, in compliance with an act of the State Legislature, approved June 8, 1881, the follow ing physicians have appeared before the prothonotary of the county, and made oath or affirmed to the truthfulness of certain statements required of them : 22 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Adams, Nathan R., born in Gloucester County, N. J., now resides in the city of Altoona. He ob tained his degree of Doctor of Medicine at the Phila delphia University of Medicine and Surgery in Feb ruary, 1871, and has practiced in Altoona since April, 1873.1 Arney, George F., born at Centre Hall, Centre Co., Pa., is now a resident of Altoona. He graduated at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa., March 12, 1878. Since that time has practiced at Homer City, Indiana Co., Pa., and Altoona, Pa. Ake, Joseph H., born at Williamsburg, Blair Co., Pa., now resides there. He received his degree of Doctor of Medicine at the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa., March 9, 1850, and has practiced at Williamsburg since 1871. Arnold, James F., born in Juniata County, Pa., now resides in the village of Williamsburg, Blair Co., Pa. In March, 1867, he graduated from the New York Medical University, and has since practiced at the place of his present residence. Appleby, David J., is a native of Shade Gap, Huntingdon Co., Pa. He received his degree of Doctor of Medicine from the Washington University of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., Feb. 22, 1877, and has since practiced at Dublin Mills, Fulton Co., Pa., and East Freedom, Blair Co., Pa., at the latter place since April 14, 1880. Btjlick, Thomas M., born in Mifflin County, Pa., now resides in Altoona. He received his degree of Doctor of Medicine at the Eclectic Medical College of Pennsylvania, Jan. 18, 1872. He practiced in Mifflin County from June, 1871, to March, 1872; in Centre County from March, 1872, to June, 1878, and in the city of Altoona since the latter date. Bonebeeak, Daniel W., born in Waynesboro', Franklin Co., Pa., is now a resident of Martinsburg, Blair Co., Pa. He received his degree of Doctor of Medicine at Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York City, in February, 1864, and has practiced at Martinsburg, Pa., since 1871. Buck, Michael J., is a native of Greenfield township, Blair Co., Pa., and now resides at Newry, Pa. His degree of Doctor of Medicine was received at the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa., March 12, 1873, and his practice of medicine has been confined to Newry and its vicinity. Beach, Lewis U., born at Smithfield, Bradford Co., Pa., now resides in the city of Altoona. He re ceived his degree of Doctor of Medicine at the Eclec tic Medical College of Philadelphia, Pa., in March, 1864. Has practiced in Towanda, Pa., from 1870 to 1874; in Altoona, Pa., from 1874 to 1877; in Harris burg, Pa., from 1877 to 1880 ; and again in Altoona, Pa., from 1880 to present time. Buck, Michael J., born at Carrolltown, Cambria 1 The act requires physicians to account for their whereabouts for the past ten years only. Co., Pa., now resides in the city of Altoona. He graduated at the Jefferson Medical College, March 9, 1872, and at Hahnemann Medical College, Philadel phia, Pa., March 13, 1876. Has practiced at Carroll- town and Altoona, Pa. Brehman, George E., born atMcVeytown, Mifflin Co., Pa., now resides in the city of Altoona. He re ceived his degree of Doctor of Medicine from the University of Pennsylvania, March 13, 1869, and has been a resident of Altoona since 1871. Burkhart, Simon P., a native of Blair County, Pa., now resides at Millville, Logan township, Blair Co., Pa. He graduated from the American University, of Philadelphia, Pa., June 20, 1872, and has since practiced at Philipsburg, Centre Co., Greensburg, Westmoreland Co., and Millville, Blair Co., Pa., at the latter place since May, 1876. Bloom, Homer C, born at Martinsburg, Blair Co., Pa., resides at the same place. He is a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania, of date March 4, 1878. Burket, George W., a native of Snicksburg, In diana Co., Pa., now resides at Tyrone, Blair Co., Pa. He graduated at the Western Reserve Medical Col lege, Cleveland, Ohio, Feb. 20, 1857, and Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York City, March 2, 1867. Cavins, Samuel R., born at Bloomfield, Greene Co., Indiana, now resides in the city of Altoona. He graduated at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa., March 12, 1881. Confer, David C, born at Duncansville, Blair Co., Pa., resides at the same place. He received his degree of Doctor of Medicine from the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., March 15, 1881. Crosthwaite, D. Wilmot, born at Bellefonte, Centre Co., Pa., now resides in the city of Altoona. He received his degree of Doctor of Medicine from the University of Pennsylvania, March 15, 1881. Christy, John T., is a native of Loretto, Cambria Co., Pa., and now resides in the city of Altoona. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania, April 5, 1851. Clark, Rowan, born at Huntingdon, Huntingdon Co., Pa. ; graduated at the Jefferson Medical College, of Philadelphia, Pa., in March, 1854. He has since practiced at Bell's Mills and Tyrone, Blair Co., Pa. Evans, Henky J., a native of Rhymney, South Wales, now resides at Tyrone. He received his de gree of Doctor of Medicine at the Hahnemann Medi cal College, of Philadelphia, Pa., March 10, 1881. Ewing, C. M., born in the Ligonier Valley, West moreland County, Pa. He received his degree of Doctor of Medicine at the Philadelphia University of Medicine and Surgery, Feb. 21, 1866. Until April, 1873, he practiced at Greenville, Indiana Co., Pa. ; since the latter date at Tyrone, Pa. Ftjlton, John F., a native of Chanceford, York Co., Pa., now resides in the city of Altoona. He THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. 23 received his degree of Doctor of Medicine at the Uni versity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., March 15, 1880. Findley, William M., born at Manor Hill, Hunt ingdon Co., Pa., now resides in the city of Altoona. He graduated at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., March 14, 1867. He has practiced in Altoona since that time. Fundenberg, Walter F., born at Ligonier, West moreland Co., Pa., now resides in the city of Pitts burgh, Pa. He received his degree of Doctor of Medicine at Bellevue Hospital Medical College, city of New York, March 1, 1872; was resident surgeon of the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary during the years 1872-73, and has practiced in the counties of Huntingdon, Blair, Bedford, Somerset, and Alle gheny, Pa., while a resident of Cumberland, Md. Feay, John, received his degree of Doctor of Medicine from the Jefferson Medical College, of Philadelphia, Pa., March 10, 1855. He is a native of Williamsburg, Blair Co., Pa., and now resides in the city of Altoona. Grove, George W., born in Bedford County, Pa., now resides at Marionsville, Blair Co., Pa., a locality better known as Puzzletown. Gamble, James E., born at Newton Hamilton, Mifflin Co., Pa., now resides in Altoona. He is a graduate of the Jefferson Medical College, of Phila delphia, Pa., of date March 13, 1878. Graham, David M., born in Allegheny County, Pa., now resides in the city of Altoona. He received his degree of Doctor of Medicine at Jefferson Medical College, March 12, 1870, and at Hahnemann Medical College, of Philadelphia, Pa., March 8, 1877. Has practiced at Braddock's Field and Altoona, Pa. Gemmill, Jacob M., born at Alexandria, Hunt ingdon Co., Pa., now resides in the borough of Ty rone. He is a graduate of the Jefferson Medical Col lege, Philadelphia, Pa., of date March 20, 1870. Hartzell, Henry L., born in the city of Altoona, still resides there. He received his degree of Doctor of Medicine at the Kentucky School of Medicine, June 28, 1878, and Bellevue Hospital Medical College, city of New York, March 10, 1881. Hall, William D., a native of Montour County, Pa., now resides in the city of Altoona. He received his degree of Doctor of Medicine from the Homeo pathic College of Pennsylvania, March 2, 1867 ; prac ticed at Philadelphia, Pa., from date of graduation to September, 1868, then at Carlisle, Pa., until October, 1877, and since the latter date at Altoona, Pa. Hall, Mary E. L., born in Philadelphia, Pa., now resides in Altoona, Pa. Has practiced at Carlisle and Altoona, Pa. Humes, James R., born in Allegheny County, Pa., now resides in the borough of Hollidaysburg, Pa. He received his degree of Doctor of Medicine at the Hahnemann Medical College, of Philadelphia, Pa., March 6, 1874. He practiced at Etna, Allegheny Co., Pa., from March, 1874, to July 30, 1874, and since at Hollidaysburg, Pa. Hays, David S., born in Huntingdon County, Pa., is now a resident of Hollidaysburg. He graduated at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, March 20, 1856, and, except his services in the army during the war of the Rebellion, has remained at Hol lidaysburg since he first began to practice. Herr, Franklin P., born in Bedford County, Pa., now resides at Claysburg, Blair Co., Pa. He graduated in the Medical Department of the Uni versity of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, March 27, 1878, and has since practiced at Conemaugh, Altoona, and Claysburg, Pa., at the latter place since September, 1879. Hartman, Samuel B., born in Dauphin County, Pa., now resides at Lancaster City, Lancaster Co., Pa. He received his degree of Doctor of Medicine from the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa., March 7, 1857, and now practices at Lancaster, Pittsburgh, and other places in Pennsylvania. Irwin, Crawford, born in Frankstown township, now resides in the borough of Hollidaysburg. He received his diploma as a Doctor of Medicine from the Jefferson Medical College, of Philadelphia, Pa., March 25, 1847, and A.B., A.M., Jefferson College, Canons- burg, Pa., September, 1844. He first practiced at Davidsburg, or Heusheytown, near Bell's Mills, for three or lour years, then at Johnstown six months, afterwards at Armagh for a brief period, then for four years at Frankstown, and at Hollidaysburg since January, 1854. Ibwin, Robert C, born in the borough of Holli daysburg, now resides there. He received his degree of Doctor of Medicine at the University of Pennsyl vania, March 14, 1879. He has practiced at Freedom, Blair Co., Pa., and since November, 1879, at Holli daysburg, Pa. Jacobs, Henry, born at Huntingdon, Hunting don Co., Pa., now resides in the city of Altoona. He graduated at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa., March 12, 1879, and since has practiced at Al toona, Pa. Johnston, John W., born in Woodberry, Bedford Co., Pa., now resides at Claysburg, Blair Co., Pa. He is a graduate of the Albany Medical College, New York, of date Dec. 24, 1866, and since that time has practiced at Claysburg, Pa. Kennedy, Charles V. B., born at Hollidaysburg, Pa., still resides there. He graduated at the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, city of New York, March 1, 1875, and since has practiced at Hollidaysburg, Pa. Landis, Joseph A., born in Montgomery County, Pa., now resides in the borough of Hollidaysburg. He received his degree of Doctor of Medicine at the Med ical University of Maryland, April 7, 1828, and, with the exception of a few years passed in the city of Philadelphia, has practiced in Hollidaysburg and its vicinity since 1837. 24 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Livingston, Jeremiah K., born at Martinsburg, Blair Co., Pa., now resides there. He graduated at the Eclectic Medical College of Pennsylvania, Dec. 29, 1874, and since has practiced at Coffee Run, Huntingdon Co., Pa., and Martinsburg, Blair Co., Pa. Levengood, Wellington Y., born in Douglass township, Berks Co., Pa., now resides at Bellwood, Blair Co., Pa. He is a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., of date March 12, 1877, and prior to his settlement at Bellwood (August, 1877) practiced at Lawrenceville, Chester Co., Pa. Logan, John, is a native of Ireland, and at present is a resident of the city of New York, N. Y. A grad uate of the Eclectic Medical College of New York, March, 1877, he now practices at Scranton, Wilkes- barre, Allentown, Easton, Altoona, and other points in the State. Miller, Edwin S., born at Mauch Chunk, Pa., now resides in the city of Altoona, Pa. He became a Doctor of Medicine by virtue of documents received from the University of Pennsylvania, at Philadel phia, March 15, 1878. McCoy, John C, born in the State of Delaware, now resides in New York City, N. Y. He received his degree of Doctor of Medicine from the University of New York, Feb. 19, 1879. Piper, Henry B., born in Westmoreland County, Pa., now resides at Tyrone, Pa. He graduated at the University of Medicine and Surgery, of Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 21, 1866, and since has practiced at Greens- bury and Tyrone, Pa. Ross, Samuel McNutt, born at Indiana, Indiana Co., Pa., now resides in the city of Altoona. He graduated at Jefferson Medical College of Philadel phia, Pa., March 9, 1850. He practiced at Greenville, Mercer Co., Pa., from 1868 to 1875, and since the latter year in Altoona. Ross, John D., born in the county of Indiana, Pa., has resided for many years in Williamsburg, Blair Co., Pa. He graduated from the University of Penn sylvania March 29, 1832. Roller, William C, born at Williamsburg, Blair Co,, Pa., now resides in the borough of Hollidays burg. He received the degree of A.B. at Lafayette College, Pennsylvania, in July, 1857, and Doctor of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College of Pennsylvania, March 9, 1861. Ross, William S., a native of Darlington, Beaver Co., Pa., now resides in the city of Altoona. He graduated from the University of Wooster, Ohio, Feb. 24, 1876, and since has practiced at Foxburg, Clarion Co., Pa., and the city of Altoona. Smith, George W., born in Huntingdon County, Pa., now resides in the borough of Hollidaysburg. He received his diploma as Doctor of Medicine from the University of Pennsylvania, March 24, 1863. He first practiced at Frankstown, but moved to Holli daysburg in 1863. Stayer, Andrew S., born in Bedford County, Pa. now resides at Roaring Springs, Blair Co., Pa. He received his degree of Doctor of Medicine from the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia, Pa., March 12, 1873, and since has practiced at Roaring Springs. Smith, James M., received his degree of Doctor of Medicine from the University of Pennsylvania, March 11, 1870. Born in Huntingdon County, Pa, he now resides in the borough of Tyrone. Way, George C, born in Portage County, Ohio, now resides in the city of Altoona. He graduated at the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa., March 11, 1875. He practiced in Huntingdon and Mifflin Counties from March, 1875, to 1879, and in Altoona since the latter date. Wengert, John W., born in Cumberland, Pa., now resides at Fredericksburg, Pa. Was a student of the University of Pennsylvania in March, 1860. Wilson, James T., born at Alexandria, Hunting don Co., Pa., now resides at Tyrone. Doctor of Medi cine, University of Pennsylvania, March 12, 1864. Weaver, John H., born at Newry, Blair Co., Pa,, now a resident of Altoona, graduated from the Uni versity of Pennsylvania, March 13, 1873. He prac ticed at Gallitzin, Cambria Co., and Claysburg, Blair Co., Pa., until the fall of 1879, since the latter date at Altoona, Pa. White, Thomas H., born at McConnellsburg, Ful ton Co., Pa., now resides at Williamsburg, Blair Co. He received the degree of A.B., College of New Jer sey, June, 1867, and Doctor of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College of Pennsylvania, March 12, 1870. Walker, Samuel McF., is a native of Allegheny County, Pa. He received his degree of Doctor of Medicine from the University of Pennsylvania, March 12, 1874, and is now a resident of the city of Altoona. Wengert, John H., a native of Cumberland County, Pa., received his degree of Doctor of Medi cine from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, Md., March 4, 1879. Prior to his settle ment at Clappertown (his present place of residence), Sept. 1, 1881, he practiced at Pavia, Bedford Co., Pa. CHAPTER VIII. COUNTY SOCIETIES— INSURANCE— AGRICULTURAL. The Blair County Protection Mutual Fire Insurance Company, etc. Insurance. — In accordance with the provisions of a special act of the State Legislature, approved April 8, 1848, the Blair County Protection Mutual Fire In surance Company was organized on the 4th day of May, 1849, and the following officers elected : George R. McFarlane, president; James. M. Hewit, secre tary ; John Walker, George R. McFarlane, R. A. Mc Murtrie, Thaddeus Banks, Joseph Smith, Thomas B. Moore, Gilbert L. Lloyd, and John Penn Jones, di- COUNTY SOCIETIES— INSURANCE— AGRICULTURAL. 25 rectors. Soon after John Walker was elected treas urer. This company did business in the counties of Centre, Cambria, Huntingdon, Mifflin, and Blair, and during the more than thirty years of its existence carried, in the aggregate, a vast amount of risks, — in 1870, one million two hundred thousand dollars, — but in 1880, under the management of Thaddeus Banks, president, S. P. McFadden, secretary, William Jack, treasurer, R. A. McMurtrie, Thaddeus Banks, William H. Gardner, A. F. Osterloh, A. S. Morrow, James R. Patton, and John Clark, directors, its entity ceased, after satisfying all creditors. Agricultural. — The Blair County Agricultural As sociation of the borough of Hollidaysburg, Pa., was chartered in March, 1873, and articles of incorpor ation filed May 9th of the same year. Nothing of moment seems to have been done, however, to further the interests of the society until Jan. 30, 1875, when the following officers were elected at a meeting held in the office of the county commissioners : Peter Good, president ; A. S. Morrow, Robert Wa ring, vice-presidents; James Gardner, treasurer; Fred erick Jaekel, recording secretary ; A. M. Lloyd, cor responding secretary ; W. C. Bayley, D. M. Bare, John Dean, auditing committee ; Thaddeus Banks, William Jack, Calvin Stewart, M. K. Moore, John Bell, Solomon Lehman, and John Clark, executive committee. At a meeting of the officers of the association, held at the "banking-house of Gardner, Morrow & Co., in Hollidaysburg, on Monday, Aug. 2, 1875, it was re solved that the first annual, fair of the association under its present charter be held, commencing Tues day, Sept. 28, and ending Friday, Oct. 1, 1875. Ac cordingly the fair was held near Hollidaysburg at the time designated, and, comparatively, was a success, •the secretary, in his report, speaking as follows : " The fair opened with delightful weather. At first the en tries on the book were meagre, but after a while they came pouring in, and soon the members ran up to four hundred and eighty-eight." No fair was held in the year 1876. On the 22d January, 1877, a meeting of stockholders was held at the office of Frederick Jaekel, in Hollidaysburg, when officers were elected as follows : John Hileman, of Frankstown, president ; Peter Good, of El Dorado, and A. R. Irvin, of Bell's Mills, vice-presidents ; James Gardner, of Hollidaysburg, treasurer ; A. S. Mor row, of Hollidaysburg, corresponding secretary ; Fred erick Jaekel, of Hollidaysburg, recording secretary ; W. C. Bayley, of Hollidaysburg, Samuel R. Schmucker, of Cove Forge, and Albert Wilson, of Frankstown, auditing committee ; Col. William Jack, of Hollidays burg, Joseph Wagner, of Williamsburg, A. M. Lloyd, of Hollidaysburg, Solomon Lehman, of Martinsburg, Samuel Tussey, of Frankstown, John Musselman, of Duncansville, and William Van Alman, of Franks- town, executive committee; and Hon. Thaddeus Banks, in accordance with the law of May 8, 1876, a member of the State Board of Agriculture. At a meeting held on the 10th of March, 1877, it was agreed to hold a fair at " Dell Delight," near Hollidaysburg, the place where the fair was held in 1875, Sept. 25, 26, 27, and 28, 1877, but on the 25th of August of that year it was decided to postpone the fair to September, 1878. The question of buying fair grounds was then discussed, and, in furtherance of the object sought, the following persons were appointed to solicit subscriptions for the purpose of obtaining funds with which to purchase grounds : James W. Riddle and A. R. Irvin, of Antes town ship ; John L. Stiffler and Fred. Young, of Allegheny township ; George Rhodes and C. Knox, of Blair town ship ; Samuel Hare and, James H. Patterson, of Cath arine township ; M. K. Moore, James Robison, and Samuel Tussey, of Frankstown township ; Samuel J. G. Black and Jacob Friese, of Greenfield township ; George Benton and Joseph Ruggles, of Freedom town ship ; A. McAllister and D. Aurandt, of Huston township; George Clauss and Jerry Long, of Juniata township ; Thomas Bell and Peter Good, of Logan township ; Joseph Hutchison, of Altoona ; Daniel D. Morell, Jacob S. Nicodemus, and Solomon Lehman, of North Woodberry township ; Samuel McCamant, Col. Galbraith, J. C. Stewart, J. G. Fleck, and Eph raim Barker, of Tyrone township and borough ; Wil liam Van Alman, D. N. Gowen, and D. Longenecker, of Taylor township ; Joseph Wagner, John S. Biddle, George Fay, and Samuel R. Schmucker, of Woodberry township; Fred. Jaekel, of Hollidaysburg: and Henry Dern, John A. Smith, and Wilson Crane, of the city of Altoona. On the 28th of January, 1878, the following officers were elected: James W. Riddle, of Bellwood, presi dent ; D. D. Morell, of Henrietta, and A. R. Irvin, of Bellwood, vice-presidents ; James Gardner, of Holli daysburg, treasurer ; A. S. Morrow, of Hollidaysburg, corresponding secretary ; Fred. Jaekel, of Hollidays burg, recording secretary ; William C. Bayley, of Hollidaysburg ; Samuel R. Schmucker, of Cove Forge, and M. K. Moore, of Frankstown, auditing com mittee; Col. William Jack and A. M. Lloyd, of Holli daysburg, John Musselman, of Duncansville, Fred erick Young, of Blair township, Solomon Lehman, of Martinsburg, Samuel Tussey, of Frankstown, and Joseph Wagner, of Williamsburg, executive com mittee ; while Thaddeus Banks, Esq., was elected to serve as a member of the State Board of Agriculture, convening from time to time at Harrisburg, for the next three years. In June, 1878, owing to the illness of President Riddle, D. D. Morell was appointed president. At the same time Col. Jack, W. P. Smith, and M. K. Moore were appointed delegates to attend a meeting of the State College of Agriculture at Bellefonte. Of the delegates named Col. Jack attended. On the 20th of July of the same year it was decided to hold a fair 26 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. at the Altoona Park, Oct. 1, 2, 3, and 4, 1878, and soon after arrangements were made with tbe owner of the park (Dr. S. C. Baker), who was to receive thirty-five per cent, of the net profits for ground- rent. The fair was a grand success. People from Hunt ingdon and many other places were in attendance, and numerous exciting as well as interesting features were noticed by the Altoona newspapers. On the 3d nine or ten thousand people were present on the grounds. The Pennsylvania Railroad shops ceased work to allow employes to visit the fair, and what with horse-racing, base ball games, walking matches, etc., general hilarity assumed sway for the time being. On Thursday, October 3d, the Pennsylvania Railroad Company sold two thousand, seven hundred and fifty tickets, good from Altoona to the fair grounds, and the receipts of the association for the year amounted to $2606.28, all of which had been expended by No vember 1st, except $177.44 then remaining in the hands of the treasurer. At the annual meeting held in January, 1879, the officers elected were Daniel D. Morell, president; A. R. Irwin and W. P. Smith, vice-presidents ; James Gardner, treasurer ; Solomon Lehman, corresponding secretary; Fred. Jaekel, recording secretary ; William C. Bayley, Samuel R. Schmucker, and M. K. Moore, auditors ; Col. William Jack, A'. M. Lloyd, Fred. Young, Samuel Tussey, and Joseph Wagner, execu tive committee. At this meeting it was also resolved to use all means to induce the managers of the State Fair " next approaching" to hold the same at Al toona, but although effective work was done by the Altoona and Hollidaysburg people, assisted by wide awake agriculturists throughout the county, the pro ject failed. It was also ascertained at the same meet ing that the parties appointed in August, 1877, to solicit money with which to purchase grounds had done nothing comparatively. « No fair was held in 1879. The officers elected Jan. 26, 1880, were D. D. Morell, president; A. R. Irwin and Samuel R. Schmucker, vice-presidents; James Gardner, treasurer; J. D. Hicks, corresponding sec retary ; Fred. Jaekel, recording secretary ; Col. Wil liam Jack, A. M. Lloyd, Fred. Young, Samuel Tus sey, Joseph Wagner, William C. Bayley, and D. P. Brumbaugh, directors. A fair was held Sept. 28, 29, 30, and Oct. ], 1880, at " Altoona Park," the grounds owned by Dr. S. C. Baker, for the use of which he was paid the sum of two hundred and fifty dollars. Although the officers managing the affairs of the association worked zeal ously, the fair, financially speaking, was a signal fail ure. The recording secretary, Fred. Jaekel, Esq., in his annual report succeeding the fair, made use of the words here quoted : " In submitting to you my report of the premiums awarded at the last fair of the society, held at Altoona Park, Sept. 28, 29, 30, and Oct. 1, 1880, 1 beg leave to state that the financial failure of the fair must be largely attributed to the inclemency of the weather. It was bitter cold, and this alone cost, at the lowest calculation, in the loss of gate-money more than the amount required to square up and pay every cent of our obligations. Secondly, an agricultural' society has no business to offer premiums for fast horses or professional trotters. Let those who delight in Buch sport have their own races ; allow a small premium to horses owned in the county, but never make the exhibition of agricultural produce or stock subservient to horse-racing. " The mistake has been made. It was made with the consent of all and because the society has made that mistake it would not do to abandon the charter, as some have expressed themselves, and leave the j good undone which a society of this kind is capable of doing, especially in a county like ours, full of wealth, resources, and the energy to apply them to the comforts of life. " Especially the directors now in office should consider it a matter of honor to do all in their power to assist their successors in office, to make the society what it should be, an experimental school for the farmer. The farm stock was poorly represented, and it seems but little interest bad been taken by farmers. The committees awarded a premium to every aninnd on the grounds.11 * On the 24th of January, 1881, the following (pres ent) officers were elected: D. D. Morell, president; Peter Good and John E. Bell, vice-presidents ; James Gardner, treasurer; George A. Dobyne, recording secretary ; Col. William Jack, corresponding secre tary ; William C. Bayley, Daniel K. Reamey, W. P. Smith, Frederick Young, and A. M. Lloyd, executive committee ; A. M. Lloyd, Joseph Wagner, and Fred erick Stiffler, auditors. At the same time Frederick Jaekel was elected a member of the State Board of Agriculture in place of Hon. Thaddeus Banks, de ceased. It was the intention .to hold a fair the present au tumn at Dell Delight, near Hollidaysburg, but at a meeting of the association held on the 20th of Au gust, 1881, it was deemed inexpedient in consequence of the prevailing drought. Following are the names of the stockholders of the association, Sept. 1, 1881 : William C. Bayley, W. P. Smith, James Gardner, O. A. Traugh, John Dean, John A. Lemon, Samuel S. Blair, John H. Hileman, Henry L. Bunker, Frederick Stiffler, T. F. Beamer, Peter Good, John E. Bell, Frederick Young, Joseph Wagner, W. H. Gardner, Charles Vowinckel, Alex ander Bobb, R. W. Christy, George A. Dobyne, R. A. O. Kerr, Anthony S. Morrow, Col. William Jack, J. K. McLanahan, Benjamin L. Hewit, Frank P. Tierney, J. D. Hemphill, James P. Stewart, James M. Stiffler, Aug. S. Landis, Frederick Jaekel, W. H. Good, H. M. Baldrige, D. D. Morell, John Lingafelt, C. H. Porter, P. W. Snyder, Samuel R. Schmucker, Martin Bell, Jr., and Daniel K. Reamey. 1 The italics are our own. ALLEGHENY TOWNSHIP. 27 CHAPTER IX. ALLEGHENY TOWNSHIP. This township was formed from Frankstown in 1793, and originally embraced, besides its present territory, the townships of Antes and Logan. As now defined its boundaries are Logan township on the north, Logan, Frankstown, and Blair townships on the east, Blair and Juniata townships on the south, the latter township and Cambria County on the west. In the eastern part some fine farming lands are noticed. Duncansville in the southeast, and Bennington Fur nace in the northwest, both post-office stations, are the chief centres of population. The township re ceived credit for two thousand one hundred and forty- eight inhabitants1 in 1880. The greater portion of its people are engaged in coal-mining and the manu facture of lime and iron. In 1856 the iron-works in operation were Harriet Furnace, owned by the Blair Coal and Iron Company; Allegheny Forge, owned by E. H. Lytle ; the Portage Iron-Works (rolling- mill, etc.), by J. Higgins & Co. ; and Duncansville Foundry, by Mr. Gibboney. Those now at work are Bennington Furnace, by the Cambria Iron Company, and the Portage Iron-Works at Duncansville. Early Residents, Etc — Upon the organization of Huntingdon County in 1787, the resident tax-payers of that part of Frankstown now known as Allegheny township were Thomas Armstrong, Jacob Burgoon (from whom "Burgoon's Run" takes its name), Capt. Thomas Blair (from whom " Blair's Gap" derives its name), who then owned a large tract of land, horses, cattle, negro slaves, grist-mills, saw-mills, and dis tilleries, and of whom more will be said hereafter, John Blair, son of Thomas (after whom the township and county of Blair were named), Robert Curry, Henry Caldwell, John Edmiston, John Fetter, Michael Fet- ter^, Jr., George Fetter, Matthew Hoffstadet, James Hart, John Kerr, William McFarland, Hugh McFar land, Luke McGuire, Christopher Nipps, Matthew Patton, Daniel Titus, John Williams, Jacob Whit- tinger, Matthew White, Charles Wellbaum, Henry Wertz, Francis Whitinger, and William Williams. These men had all been witnesses of the exciting events transpiring during the Revolutionary struggle, and of the old French and Indian war which pre ceded it. Born as subjects of the reigning house of Great Britain, they were at the time of which we speak freemen, part and parcel of the then infant republic, whose future after the lapse of more than a century of years no mortal can yet divine. It is very probable, too, that a majority of those whom we have here mentioned had been active participants when long and rapid marches and encounters with merci less savage Tories and Indians were but common oc currences. It had, according to the United States census, sixteen hundred and forty-nine inhabitants in 1800, nineteen hundred and thirteen in 1870. Capt. Thomas Blair, one of the prominent residents of Frankstown2 township in 1788, and the father of Hon. John Blair (whose name is perpetuated by Blair township and county) was, prior to the beginning of the Revolution, a resident of Path Valley. He was active during that war in clearing the Upper Juniata Valley of Tories and Indians, and at its close settled at the mouth of what has since been known as Blair's Gap, in this township, where in 1788 he owned a grist mill, saw-mill, one negro slave, four horses, four head of cattle, and three hundred acres of laud, the latter by virtue of a warrant. He was an energetic man, and by his untiring exertions succeeded in getting a pack-horse road cut through his gap at an early day. His son, Hon. John Blair, just mentioned, was also a prominent and useful citizen, and resided for many years at the same place. His usefulness and standing in the community made him probably the most con spicuous man of his day in this part of the State. He was foremost in the projection of the Canal and Portage Railroad. Blair township was so named in honor of him in 1839, and in 1846, when Huntingdon County was divided, his old friends paid another tribute to his memory by giving the new county his name. In this township, near the mouth of Sugar Run, oc curred the massacre of the " Bedford Scout," an ac count of which will be found in the history of Blair township in this volume. Returning to the subject of the Blair family, how ever, we will add that the Blair homestead is now occupied by Mrs. P. P. Walker3 and her family. Her 2 See history of Frankstown, and list of residents for the year 1788. 3 From conversations held with Mrs. Walker, and by means of rec ords in her possession, we have learned that Capt. Thomas Blair was a native of Scotland, one of four or five brothers who settled at an early day in various parts of Pennsylvania, though one brother, William, also lived at Blair's Gap. Governor McClelland, of Michigan, and Dr. Grubb, of Franklin County, Pa., were nephews of these brothers, and the Shoen- bergers and bank president Robison, of Pittsburgh, were relatives as well. Capt. Thomas Blair built the front part of the present Walker resi dence immediately after the close of the Revolutionary war. The walls of this building are of hewn logs, but have recently been covered outside with the modern clapboards. The floor, however, in the large front room or parlor is the same as laid under the direction of Capt. Blair one hundred years ago. The grist-mill, saw-mill, and distilleries were built as early as 1785. The grist-mill also is still in use, but has been repaired many times. An addition to the dwelling-house was erected in 1790. On the 10th day of September, 1808, Capt. Thomas Blair, the patriot and soldier, died. In 1827 tlie stone addition to the dwelling-house was built by his son, Hon. John Blair, aud five years later, or Jan. 1, 1832, the latter died. Susan Blair, daughter of Hon. John Blair, and wife of John Walker, died in 1842, and at an Orphans' Court sale in 1844, John Walker became the purchaser of the Blair homestead. By his first wife he had six children, of whom Mrs. Hetherington, of Dubuque, Iowa, is the only Burvivor. In the spring of 1847 he (Walker) married at Fredericksburg, Va., Miss P. P. Payne, a native of Erie County, N. Y. Tbe fruits of this marriage were eight sons and two daughters, all of whom are living ex cept the second son, who had attained to manhood's years before his death. Mr. Walker died in 1863, and since that time the widow and mother has struggled most nobly, constantly, and at last successfully in her efforts to maintain this old and handsome property intact, and to educate her children. 28 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. husband (John Walker, Esq.) married for his first wife Susan, a daughter of Hon. John Blair, and finally became the owner of the property at an Orphans7 Court sale. Erection of Allegheny Township (1793).— After the conclusion of peace between Great Britain and the United States, and the consequent cessation of Indian hostilities on the eastern slope of the Alle ghenies, settlements in the old township of Franks- town increased rapidly. From its great extent in territory, however, many of the residents were put to countless inconveniences, and in 1792 moved to have the township divided. The question was decided in favor of a division the following year, for we find by referring to the records of Huntingdon County that at a Court of Quarter Sessions for Huntingdon County, convened at Huntingdon on the second Monday of November, 1793, before Thomas Smith, president judge, and David Stewart, Robert Galbraith, and Benjamin Elliott, associate judges of the Court of Common Pleas, etc., "the petition of a number of the inhabitants of Frankstown township, setting forth that the said township is too large and praying for a divis ion of the same, read twice last session and continued under advisement to this session, was again read, the division proposed and prayed for in the said petition being as follows : "Beginniugat the line of Tyrone townsbip where if. crosses the south part of the Brushy Mountain, and thence along the summit of said mountain to the southwest end thereof; thence with a straight line to the line of Bedford County, so as to include the house that Henry Cald well now lives in within the upper part next the Allegheny Mountain, and that the said upper division be called and known by the name of Allegheny township. " Whereupon it is considered by the court and ordered that the said owriship of Frankstown be divided in manner and form as mentioned in the said petition; that the name of Frankstown remain with that part lying to the southward of the said boundary, and that the part to the northward of the said boundary be erected into a separate township, to be called and known by the name of Allegheny1 township in all public records, with the same privileges as any other township in the said county." Residents in 1794.— The first assessment of Alle gheny township was made in the spring of 1794, and according to the roll, which is still preserved, the residents of that year in the territory now embraced by Allegheny, Logan, and Antes townships (all of which were included within the original limits of Allegheny) were as shown in the following tabulated statement. Those whose names appear in italics are known to us as having been residents of the territory laid* out as Antes township in August, 1810: 1 Various local historians will here find the true date of the forma tion of Allegheny township. That it is necessary to establish correct ness is obvious when a prominent Blair County educator will write in 1877 as follows: "Sixty-five years ago John Stoele taught the young ideas how to shoot in a house which stood on the present site of the Maitland House in Gaysport. At that time Frankstown included the present territory of Allegheny and Blair townships." ... In another, place in the same article he is still further from the mark by saying, *' The non-accepting districts under the law of 1834 were Frankstown, which at that time included Allegheny and Blair." Acres. Allen, William 150 Armstrong, Thomas Blackford, Jacob 150 Bell, James 100 Burns, James 50 Burgoon, Jacob 50 Blair,2 Thomas 400 Blair, John 200 Bradley, Charles 100 Braddock. Nicholas 70 Carson, Hugh 100 Clark, William 150 Cook, Joseph 100 Crain, James 100 Curry, Robert 100 Coleman, Thomas 150 Christian, Philip 50 Crawford^ James 150 Cunningham, John 100 Caldwell, Henry 100 Caldwell, Samuel 100 David, William David, John 200 Dunn, Thomas 50 Dodson, William Edington, Philip 50 Edington, Jonathan 150 Edmiston, John 60 Elder, John Fetler, John 30 Fetler, Michael, Jr 30 Felton, William Felton, John 100 Fetler, George 400 Galbraith, John 100 Glasgow, John 100 Gwin, Juhn. 50 Guthrie,3 George 100 Gwin, William Guilliford, William 50 Galbraith,* William 50 Gailbraith, James .100 Gness, Samuel 150 Hanna, Henry 200 Hunter, John 50 Hesler, Michael 200 Horfstader, Matthew Hart, James 300 Hamilton, Alexander ' ' Kerr, John "t "g'o , Karr, John j iqq Karr, Samuel iqq Long, Hugh "" 50 , Long, John Vi4 iqq McFarland, William isq , McGwinner, Paul ' Martin, John foo ; McFarland, Hugh go , Myers, William." Sr igo Myers, Benjamin 100 McGuire, Cornelius 114 :' Mitchell, Thomas McGuire, Luke eoj McGuire, Peter , 400 Noble, Juhn loo i; Nipps, Christopher 100 .; Petticoat, Dorsey *, 200 Patton, Matthew 300 ' Pennington, Amos 100 ' Prattler,6 Thomas ,.. 200 < Summers, Elizabeth............... 200 Stevens, Giles <„,... loo ' Swartz,6 Daniel *....!. 300 ' Swartz, Francis 200 j Spear,? William 100 Swank, Christian 100 ' Tipton, John 100 ¦ Tiplon, Jesse 50 , Tussey, John 100 Trester, William 50 ' Thompson, John (weaver) 50 t Thompson, Juhn 60 , Titus, Daniel 100 ' Titus. Peter 100 - Van Sckoik, Aaron 60 Williams, John 50 . Waugh, Alexander 200 Whitinger. Jacob White,8 Matthew , 100 i Wehb, John 150 . Wellbaum, Charles 50 ' Wertz, Henry 120 Whitinger, Francis 50 j Williams, William 50 Welch, John J Wymort, Felty 50 1 Residents in 1810. — Still including the same terri tory, — i.e., the present townships of Allegheny, Antes, and Logan, — the residents of Allegheny in the spring of 1810 were as follows : Albaugh, David. Arbell, William. Allen, William. Agnew, Daniel. Ake,9 John. Ake, Francis. Als, Daniel. Bard, Richard. Beamer, Matthew. Bell" Edward. Bell, John. Baker, John. Baker, William, Baker, Elizabeth. Blair," John. Bennett, Caleb. Ball, Thomas. Boring, Reuben. Blair, Thomas. Burdine, John. Bnrge, Joseph. Burns, Mary. Buttonbaugh, William. Bennett, William. Buttonbarger, William. Christian, David. Christian, Margaret. Christian, Philip. Caldwell, Samuel. Caldwell, Henry. Comoskey, John. Crissman,1- Benjamin. CriBsman,13 Solomon. Coleman, John. Coleman, Thomas. Coventry, Jacob, Crane, Abraham. Colchner, Henry. Clark, William. Clark, John. CrisBman, Jacob. Contner, Michael. Cook, Absalom. Deckart, Henry. Domer, George. Dunlap, James. a Owned besides one negro slave, two saw-mills, one grist-mill, and two stills. 3 Owned besides two stills. * Owned also one still. 6 Owned a still. 6 Owned a slave. 7 Owued besides a Blave and tannery. 8 aibo owned a still. 9 Owned grist-mill. w Owned a distillery, grist- and saw-mills. » Owned a grist-mill. 12 Owned a grist- and saw-mill. w Owned a distillery. ALLEGHENY TOWNSHIP. 29 Duncan, James. Dempsey, George. Davison, John. Eller, Henry. England, John. Edington, Samuel. Edington, Robert. Edington, James. Eaken, Samuel. Eller & Tingling. Fetter, Samuel. Farber, John. Farber, Daniel. Fetter, George. Fetter, Jacob. Forehy, Solomon. Forsliy, William. Gibbony,1 Willis. Guthrie, George. Gray, Thomas. Galbraith, Mary. Gallagher, Charles. Green, Nicholas. Glasgow, William. Glasgow, John. Glasgow, Richard. Glasgow, John, Jr. Galbraith, Joseph, Esq. Gwin, John. Gray, James. Galbraith, Ephraim. Herr, William. Hamilton, George. Herr, John. Harrier, George. Hopkins, Benjamin. Hunter, John. Hunter, James. Hutchinson, William. Hutchinson, John. Harrison, John. Hartsock, Peter. Hopkins, James. Hartsock, John. Hollace, William. Harrier, John. Igow, Joshua. Igow, James. Kunst, George. Kelso, Joseph. Kumler, Mary. Kellioer, Michael. Kenney, Thomas. Locke, William. Lefever, John. Locke, Thomas. Locke, Philip. LetsiDger, Leonard. Long, Peter. Mabood, Alexander. Murray, David. Maurer,2 Daniel. Myers, Charles. McNeal, William. Murray, John. Moore, Joseph. Miller, Christian. McCarty, Dougal. Michaels, Peter. Mattay, John. McCauley, John (of Tucka- hoe). Moyer, Jacob. Mattay,8 Abraham. Miller, Nicholas. McCauley, John. Munshour, John. McCullough, John, Sr. Metzger, Andrew. Myers, John. McNitt, . Neighbour, Nicholas. Patton, John. Preater, Abraham. Petticoat, Dorsey. Powell, Thomas. Provines, Thomas* Quigley, Thomas. Root, Lemuel. Rod key, John. RoBebaugli, Isaac. Rodkey, Daniel. Ruggles, William. Rodkey, Frederick. Roberts, Samuel. Ricketts, Richard. Ricketts, Thomas, Jr. Ricketts, Thomas. Rees,4 Reese. Robison, John. Riggle, John. Roberts, James. Ramage, Thomas. Sells, Abraham. Schlagenhaust, Michael. Swank, Christian. Shaup, Henry. Swank, David. Swank, Christian, Jr. Smith,'' Francis. Stephens, Edward. Scandreff, William. Swartz, Francis. Swartz, John. Smith, John. Stephen, Giles. Swartz, Daniel. Smith, Jacob. Sands, John. SheBe, Peter, Sr. Tipton, Jesse. Thompson, Samuel. Troxell, John. Troxell, John, Jr. Thompson, Samuel, Jr. Taylor, James. TusBey, John. Tipton, John. Tipton, Caleb. Thompson, Caleb. Thompson, William. Thompson, Benjamin. Trout, John. Ullery, David. Wertz, Henry. Wellbaum, Charles. Wyinond, Valentine. Wymond, John. Wilson, Solomon. Wilsou, Joshua. Williams, Thomas. Wertz, Christian. Wetzel, Henry. Wolf, Martin. Wallace, Michael. Yingling. Peter. Yinling, Joseph. Yingling, Frederick. Yingling, Peter, Jr. YingliDg, Frederick, Jr. Young,*3 Christian. The single freemen of Allegheny in 1810 over twenty-one years of age were William Hallace, John Shoup, Alexander Blair, Benjamin Hopkins, Nich olas Tipton, Jacob Yingling, Deamer Bard, David Hunter, Henry McCauley, Daniel Dunkin, Joshua Bennett, Thomas Gallagher, Shipley Priestly, James Daniels, James Holden, William Guthrie, Jacob Al- baugh, Philip Fetter, Jonathan Hopkins, John Taylor, Joseph Galbraith, Esq., John Fetter, Christian Wertz, Richard Glasgow, Peter Shese, Jr., John Stephenson, John McCartney, Joseph Christian, John Speer, and Arthur Moore, Esq. Thomas Williams was the assessor in the year 1810, and at the close of his report he said that there were then within the township 33,426 \ acres of resident land, 558 horses, 285 cows, 7 distilleries, 17 occupa tions, 4 grist-mills, 3 saw-mills, 1 fulling-mill, and 1 tannery. Total valuation of the foregoing, $99,328. There were 60,685 acres of unsettled lands, valued at $26,837. Total valuation of property to be assessed in the township, $126,165. Residents in 1820.— The residents in 1820 (all that part of the township lying east of a line "beginning at the head of the main branch of theLittle Juniata where it rises in the Allegheny Mountain ; thence by the same to the house of Jacob Chubb ; thence by a straight line to Brush Mountain, so as to include the house of John Ake, in the east end of said township," having been detached in August, 1810, to form Antes town ship) were as follows : 1 Owned a fulling-mill. 8 Owned a distillery. 6 Owned a tannery. 2 Owned a Baw-mill. 4 Owned a distillery. Albaugh, David. Albaugh, David, Jr. Albaugh, Stephen. Alexander, James. Allison & Henderson (proprie tors of Allegheny Furnace and iron ore lands). Baker, John. Brubaker, Abraham. Brubaker, Jacob. Bamford, Henry. Berry, John (wagon-maker). Berry, Jacob. Bard, Richard (justice). Burnett, Robert. Blair,* John. Buchanan,8 George. Butler, Thomas. Ben tonfJWi 1 liam. CloBsin, James. CloBsin, William. Christian, Jos. (blacksmith). Coleman, Thomas. Chrissman,9 Abraham. Chrissman, Jacob. Chrissman,10 Solomon. Christian, Solomon. Christian, Joseph, Colclesser, Henry. Christian," Philip. Duncan, Daniel. Duncan, Samuel. Dimsey, George. Elliott, George. Evry, Abraham. Fowler, David. Fox, John. Forsythe, William. Galbraith, Joseph (justice). Gibboney,*2 Willis. Glass, Henry. Gray,13 Thomas. 6 Owned a distillery. 7 Owned one saw-mill, one grist-mill, two distilleries, and seven hun dred and ten acres land. s Owned a saw-mill. He was a brother-in-law of John Blair, and built the Allegheny Forge about 1830. » Owned grist-mill and saw-mill. io Owned one distillery. n Agent for Fockler's hemp- and oil-mill. 12 Owned fulling-mill and carding-machine. .13 Owned a distillery. 30 HISTORY OP BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Gray, James. Gray, James, Jr. Gwin, John. Galbraith, James. Galbraith, Mary. Geer, Peter. Glunt, Peter. Glunt, John. Hare, John (carpenter). Hartsock, John. Hamilton, Patrick. Henry, Francis. Henry, William. Kantner, M. (blacksmith). Keech, George. Keech, John. Koonsman, William. Kinsel, John. Kunst, George. Koch, John. Kantner, Henry. Learner, George. Lantz, Jacob (carpenter). Lindsey, James (tinner). Lindsey, Jacob. Long, William (carpenter). Long, John. Long, Jacob. Long, Peter. Loudon, William. Lint, Henry. Lowry, Lazarus. Man ley, George. Miller, Henry (blacksmith). McNamara, Robert (tailor). Myers, John. Myers, Charles, Myers, Charles, Jr. Myers, Abraham. McCartney, Lewis. McKee, Thomas. Milligan, Edward. McGinnis, Paul. Mawver,! Daniel, Mawver, Daniel, Jr. Mawver, Jacob. Mawver, Henry. Motley, Abraham. Motley, Samuel. Miller,2 Jacob (for landlord). Miller, Jacob (shoemaker). McAteer, Patrick. McCauley, Henry. Myers, John, Jr. Meadville, James. Noble, Mary. Nave, Jonathan. Newman, William. Noble, John. Olinger, Jacob. Rodkey, John. Rosebrough, Isaac. Rush, Daniel. Rees, Reese. Reap,* Peter. Ruggles, William. Simonton, William. Simonton, John. Simonton, James. Schlegle, Henry. Smith,4 Francis. Sands, John. Snyder, Thomas. Shomo, Henry (blacksmith). Snyder, Henry (shoemaker). Walker,5 Henry. Wertz, Christian. Williin an, Jacob. Wilt. George (miller). Wareham, John. Young,6 Christian. Yingling, Jacob, Yingling, Frederick. Yingling, Isaac. The single freemen at the same time (1820) were Jacob Lindsey, Abraham Brubaker, John Atkinson, James Coleman, John McCartney, William McAteer, Thomas Noble, Joseph Young, Allen McCartney, Alexander Gwin, John Gwin, Daniel Gwin, Samuel Christian, Peter Wareham, Daniel Coonsman, Henry Wareham, Jacob Snyder, John Shomo, John Wilson, Jacob Albaugh, Joseph Galbraith, Zachariah Al baugh, Jacob Olinger, John McGinnis, Thomas Simonton, Robert Brannon, Thomas Hoggset, John Smith, and David Fowler. Daniel Mawver was the assessor ; Philip Christian and John Simonton, assistants; John Kinsel and Peter Reap, collectors. Total valuation of property assessed in the townships, $165,859. m RESIDENTS IN 1831. Alexander, JameB. Arble, George. Albaugh, David Anderson, Samuel. Albaugh, David, Jr. Albaugh, Stephen. Albaugh, Jacob. Allison, Robert.7 Anderson, John. Albaugh, Amos. Berry, John. Bice, William. Buchanan, George. Burgoon, Barnabas.8 Bouslough, Sebastian. Blair, John M. Blair, John, Esq.0 Brubaker, Jacob. Brubaker, Abraham. Baker, John, Jr. Bouslough, Jacob. Bigham, James. Baker, Jacob. Bright, George. Burket, Jacob. Cadwallader, Joseph. Crifsmair, Abraham.10 Crissman, Jacob. Coleman, James. Christian, Joseph. Clossin, Alexander. Clapper, Daniel, Clossin, William. Coleman, John. Coleman, Thomas. Clossin, Peter. Christian, Barbara.1! Christian, Samuel. Christian, Solomon. Colclesser, John. Crane, Abraham. Coleman, William. Carman, Samuel. Denlinger, Christian. Duncan, Samuel.1* DaviB, William. Dickey, David. Elliott, George. Estriet, John. Figert, Ann. Forshey, Solomon, Forshey, William. Floom, Francis.13 Francis, Daniel. Figert, Benjamin. Farquhar, William N. Glunt, John. Glass, Henry, Jr. Gail, Charles .1* Gray, Robert. Gardner, Robort.15 Grove, John. Glunt, Abraham. Gibboney, Willis." Glass, Henry. Glunt, Jacob. Glunt, Henry. Gwin, James. Galbraith, Mary. Gwin, John. Gray, James, Jr. Gray, James. Galbraith, James. Gray, Thomas. Ganst, George. Gillespie, James. Gibboney, Daniel. Gwin, Alexander. Gwin, John, Glunt, Peter and Valentine." Griffith, William. Gibboney, John M., & Co. Gibboney, John. Graham, Robert. Henry, John. Hill, Samuel. Hileman, John. Hamilton, Elizabeth, Hileman, Michael.18 Hetheriugton, George. Henry, Francis. Hamilton, Robert A. Henry, Jane. Hartsock, John. Hamilton, James. Hartsock, Jonathan. * Hartsock, Stephen. Hartsock, Samuel. Hull, David. Hart, Ezra." Kinsel, John.20 Kough, John. Huntsman, William. Key, James. Kunst, George. Kays, James. Knox, Alexander. Koon, Widow. Kough, William. Kim st man, Jacob, Kissel, George. Long, Mary. Long, Jacob. Long, John. Lantz, Jacob. Lantz, Jonathan. Loudon, William. Long, William. Learner, Henry. Learner, George. Langwell, Robert. Lantz, John. McCartney, Ludwick. Miller, Jacob. McNamara, Robert. McCartney, Allen. McGahan, Alexander. McKee, Thomas. McCartney, John. Myers, Abraham. Manver, Henry. Myers, Charles. Martin, Samnel. McGinniss, Paul. McKitrick, Patrick. Myers, John. 1 Owned grist- and saw-mills. 2 Agent for saw-mill. 3 Owned a saw-mill. * Owned a tannery. 5 Owned two distilleries. 6 Owned a distillery. 7 Ownedthirty acres land, the Allegheny Furnace being erected thereon. 8 Owned 9 Owned saw-mill. 10 Owned 11 Owned 12 Owned 18 Owned 14 Owned 15 Owned 16 Owned of profit." 17 Owned 19 Owned a coal-bank. four hundred acres mountain land, one grist-mill, and one a grist- and saw-mill, an oil-mill. a saw-mill and tavern stand. a brewery at Duncansville. a distillery. a saw-mill, fulling-mill, and carding-machine. a fulliug-mill, two carding-machines, and occupied " one post a saw-mill. a grist- and saw-mill. 18 Owned a saw-mill and distillery. 80 Owned a saw-mill. ALLEGHENY TOWNSHIP. 31 Manver, Jacob. Matea, Abraham. McAtteer, William. McAtteer, Patrick. Martin, Thomas. Moore, William. Metzgar, Jacob.1 Moore, Silas. McKee, Samuel. Martin, John. Neff, Jonathan. Noble, John. 0111 nger, Jacob. Ruggles, John. Roaebaugh, Isaac. Rhodes, William.2 Riling, John, Rothkey, John. Ruggles, William. Rifner, Peter. Robison, William. Robison, Adam. Reep, Peter. Robison, David.8 Shomo, Henry. Scandritt, William. Smith, Samuel S. Stoner, John. San do, George. Sando, Joseph. Stuff, John. Simonton, James. Slegle, Henry. Snyder, Thomas. Smith, Francis.4 Shomo, John. Smith, John. Snyder, Christian. Shomo, Henry A. Turnbaugh, Adam. Wallace, Michael. Welsh, James. Walker, Henry.5 Walter, John. Williman, Jacob. Walker, James. Whetstone, John. Walker, John . Westover, Jonathan. Yingling, Frederick. Yingling, Jacob. Yingling, Isaac. Young, Christian.6 Young, Joseph. The single freemen in 1831 were as follows : Thomas Yingling, Henry Shomo, Benjamin Figart, Thomas Martin, Samuel Galbraith, William McAteer, Jacob Albaugh, Abraham Brubaker, John M. Blair, .Had- den Blair, Valentine Glunt, John Gwin, Jr., Alex ander Gwin, Daniel Gwin, William Ruggles, Jr., Robert A. Hamilton, William McCleary, John Young, Thomas Burgoon, John Colclesser, Daniel Gibboney, John Clossin, John Neff, John Keffner, Daniel Colclesser, Peter Maneely, Samuel Myers, Samuel Hileman, William McGinnis, Alexander Fleming, James Nugent, Anthony Simonton, Daniel Koon, Andrew Gillespie, Samuel Young, William Kough, Henry Glass, John Anderson, Robert Long- well, Benjamin Ruggles, James Irwin, Samuel Burkett, and M. Coleman. Robert A. Hamilton was the assessor; Samuel Duncan and Willis Gibboney, assistant assessors ; James Alexander and Jacob Willeman, the collectors. The value of seated lands was $152,890 ; unseated, $5370; total value, $158,260. TOWNSHIP OFFICERS, 1794r-1881 1794.— William Spear, John Webb, supervisors; William McFarland, Michael Hesler, overseers of the poor. 1795j— No record. 1796.— Jonathan Edington, William Galbraith, supervisors; Matthew Patton, William McFarland, overseers of the poor. 1797.— Daniel Gripe, Amos Pennington, supervisors; William McFar land, Matthew Patton, overseers of the poor; George Fetter, John Glasgow, appraisers. 1798.— John Glasgow, constable ; John Galbraith, John Tipton, super visors; George Fetter, Christian Swank, overseers of the poor. 1799.— Daniel Gripe, constable ; Dorsey Petticoat, Frederick Yingling, supervisors. 1800.— D.Martin, constable; Jacob Burgoon; Thomas Kennedy, super visors; George Fetter, Charles Swank, overseers of the poor. 1 Owned a saw-mill. 2 Owned a saw-mill. 8 Owned a tannery at Jfo. 10. 4 Owned a tannery at Duncansville valued at two thousand dollars. 5 Owned a distillery. 6 Owned a distillery. 1801,7 — George Fetter, constable; John Van Tries, Philip Christian, supervisors. 1802. — John Van Tries, constable ; Edward Bell, David Albaugh, super visors; Christian Swank, Dorsey Petticoat, overseerB of the poor; John Holliday, Ephraim Galbraith, auditors. 1803. — Thomas Ricketts, Jacob Burgoon, supervisors; Edward Bell, Richard McGuire, overseers of the poor. 1804. — Philip Christian, constable; Thomas Ricketts, Jacob Burgoon, supervisors; Henry Caldwell, Richard McGuire, overseers of the poor. 1805. — Joseph Moore, constable ; Joseph Galbraith, James Keene, super visors; Amos Pennington, Daniel Mower, overseers of the poor. 1806.— Jacob Blackford, constable; Benjamin Crisman, James Keene, supervisors; Amos Pennington, Daniel Mawrer, overseers of the poor; John Holliday, John Van Tries, John Ake, Philip Christian, auditors. 1807.— John Baker, constable ; Joshua Igou, Martin Wolf, supervisors. 1808. — Benjamin Crisman, constable ; JoBhua Igou, Martin Wolf, super visors; James Hopkins, Daniel Mawrer, overseers of the poor; Jo seph Galbraith, Joseph Moore, Amos Pennington, Joseph Keene, audi to rB. 1809. — Peter Long, constable; no other officers reported. 1810.— Daniel Mower, constable ; John Troxell, Isaac Roseberger, super visors; George Fetter, Thomas Ricketts, overseers of the poor. 1811. — Alexander Blair, constable; Joseph Moore, Thomas Provines, supervisors; George Fetter, John Hartsock, overseers of the poor. 1812. — George Faulkner was appointed constable, but refusing to serve, was fined by the court forty dollars, which he paid ; no other offi cers reported. 1813. — Demer Bard, constable ; John Hartsock, Francis Smith, super visors ; Isaac Roseberger, Charles Wellbaum, overseers of the poor. 1814.— Charles Moyer, constable; Ephraim Markle, Peter Sheese, super visors ; Philip Christian, Joseph Moore, overseers of the poor. 1815.™ Thomas Snyder, constable (other officers not reported). 1816. — William Simonton, appointed constable, refusing to qualify, was fined forty dollars; Patrick Hamilton, Philip Christian, supervisors; Joseph Moore, Philip Christian, overseers of the poor; Willis Gib boney, town clerk. 1817.— Edward Milligan, constable; Philip Christian, Chris. Young, a supervisors ; Philip Christian, Joseph Moore, overseers of the poor; Willis Gibboney, town clerk. 1818. — Edward Milligan, constable; Daniel Mower, Thomas Snyder, supervisoi'B ; Philip Christian, George Kuhns, overseers of the poor. 1819. — Peter Reip, constable; Daniel Mower, Samuel Duncan, super visors; David Albaugh, Abraham CrisBman, overseers of the poor. 1820. — Peter Reip, Jacob Lantz, supervisors; Patrick Hamilton, John Baker, overseers of the poor. 1821. — Thomas Lloyd, constable; John Kintzel, John Rodkey, super- ' visors; Willis Gibboney, John Simouton, overseers of the poor. 1S22. — Samuel Duncan, constable; John Kintzel, Thomas Gray, over seers of the poor. 1823. — John Rodkey, constable ; Abraham Crissman, William Simonton, supervisors ; Philip Christian, Thomas Gray, overseers of the poor. 1824. — Christian Denlinger, constable; Abraham Crissman, Peter Glunt, supervisors ; Philip Christian, John Blair, Esq., overseers of the poor. 1825. — Christian Denlinger, constable; William Kuntzman, James Alexander, supervisors; Christian Young, John Baker, overseers of the poor; Willis Gibboney, Richard Bard, Samuel Duncan, Christian Denlinger, auditors. 1826. — Abraham Crissman, constable ; James Alexander, Henry Walker, supervisors ; John Baker, Christian Young, overseers of the poor; Richard Bard, Allen McCartney, John Simonton, Jacob Lindsay, auditors. 1827. — John McCartney, constable ; Henry Walker, Jonathan Neff, super visors ; John Hartsock, C. Denlinger, overseers of the poor; Willis Gibboney, Christian Denlinger, John Simonton, Allen McCartney, auditors. 1828. — Jonathan Lantz, constable ; Peter Reip, Christian Young, super visors; Christian Denlinger, John Hartsock, overseers of the poor ; C. Denlinger, Abraham Crissman, A. McCartney, John Gwin, auditors. • 7 It was proposed, aud the people petitioned in 1801, to have the town ship divided, but the court unanimously agreed that such division was unnecessary. 32 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 1829.— Jonathan Lantz, constable; Peter Reip, Henry Walker, super visors; John McCartney, Christian Denlinger, overseers of the poor; Willis Gibboney, James Alexander, Allen McCartney, George Keppel, auditors. 1830.— John M. Blair, constable; Samuel Duncan, John Hartsock, super visors; William Kunsman, Jacob Lantz, overseers of the poor; James Alexander, Allen McCartney, William Kunsman, Henry Manrer, auditors. 1831.— Jonathan Lantz, constable ; William Loudon, Joseph Christian, supervisors ; William Kuntzman, Jacob Willeman, overseers of tbe poor; Robert Hamilton, John M. Blair, John M. Gibboney, James Alexander, auditors. 1832.— George Kissel, John Gwin, constables; Samuel Smith, Jacob Long, supervisors ; Samuel Smith, Lewis McCartney, overseers of the poor; Christian Denlinger, Willis Gibboney, Allen McCartney, auditors. 1833.— James Nugent, constable ; Samuel S. Smith, Jacob Lantz, super visors: Joseph Christian, William Kuntzman, overseers of the poor; John Gwin, auditor. 1834.— Samuel S. Smith, constable ; James Bigham, Jacob Lantz, super visors; Thomas Green, Jacob Bouslough, overseers of the poor; Jacob Black, auditor. 1835. — James Nugent, constablo ; Thomas McKee, Abraham Myers, supervisors ; Jacob Bouslough, Thomas Gray, overseers of the poor. 1836.— James Alexander, John Noble, supervisors ; Samuel McDowell, Joseph Christian, overseers of the poor; John M. Gibboney, John Stoner, auditors; John M. Gibboney, Samuel S. Smith, school di rectors. 1837. — Michael Thompson, constable ; David Robison, Joseph Christian, supervisors : Michael Thompson, Samuel Anderson, overseers of the poor ; Joseph Cadwallader, auditor ; Eli Hastings, Samuel McDowell* school directors. 1838.— Curtis Young, constable; John Kough, John Riling, supervisors; Joseph Cadwallader, Jacob Stiffler, overseers of the poor ; John Noble, auditor; Jacob Black, John Kinsel, school directors. 1839. — John Kough, constable ; Robert Thomp'son, Joseph Graff, super visors ; John McCartney, Abraham Myers, overseers of the poor ; James Hutchinson, John Stoner, auditors; John Young, Lazarus Lowry, John Black, James Hutchinson, Allen McCartney, school directors. * 1840. — John Kough, constable ; William Bell, Christian Snyder, super visors; Samuel Robinson, Joseph Grove, overseers of the poor; John Gwin, auditor; William Bell, Christian Snyder, school directors; Jacob Black, clerk. 1841.— W. W. Harris, constable ; William Loudon, Jacob Burket, super visors; John M. Gibboney, John Kinsel, auditors ; George Elliott, Christian Snyder, school directors ; William Lantz. town clerk. 1842. — William W. Harris, constable ; William Loudon, John Stuff, super visors; William Bell, Christian Snyder, overseers of the poor; Jacob Stiffler, Matthew Simpson, auditors ; Daniel C. Gibboney, Samuel An derson, William Long, school directors ; Jacob Black, clerk; John Gwin, appraiser. 1843. — Elias P. McClelland, constable ; H. McClelland, John Stuft, super visors ; R. H. McCormick, John Funk, overseers of the poor ; John Gwin, auditor; David Robison, Jacob Black, school directors; Jacob Black, clerk ; John Lantz, appraiser. 1844. — Michael Simons, constable ; Jacob Miller, James Irvin, supervi sors; Alexander McFarland, Samuel Hileman, overseers of the poor; William Johnston, auditor; George Cowan, Robert R. Hamilton, school directors ; William Lantz, town clerk. 1845.— Michael Simons, constable; James Irvin, Abraham Real, super visors; William Loudon, Robert Thompson, overseers of the poor; William Walker, Samuel McDowell, auditors; Michael Hileman, Michael Stoner, school directors; D. Woods Baker, clerk; James Hutchinson, John Lantz, appraisers. 1846. — Michael Simmons, constable; James Irvin, Samuel McDowell, supervisors ; William Loudon, Robert Thompson, overseers of tlie poor ; Daniel Colclesser, D. C. Gibboney, auditors ; James Hutchin son, Abraham Real, school directors; J.Jff. Stiffler, clerk. 1847 —Philip Beanier, Joseph Dysart, inspectors ; Samuel Hileman, con stable ; John Young, John Miller, school directors ; Joseph Cadwal lader, auditor ; William Loudon, Robert Thompson, overseers of the poor; Allen McCartney, assessor. 1848. — William Koonsman, constable; Samuel Hileman, assessor; Allen McCartney, Robert R.Hamilton, school directors; William London, William Walker, overseers of the poor; William Bell, auditor. 1849.— George Cowan, justice of the peace; Jacob WUliman, assessor; Jacob H. Stiffler, constable ; William Walker, Joseph Young, super visors ; Sylvester Baker, auditor ; James Hutchinson, Abraham Beale school directors. 1850. — Johu M. Gibboney, justice of the peace ; Jacob Willeman, asses sor ; George C. Ferree, constable; George Cowan, auditor; John Kough, Jacob H. Stiffler, supervisors; Peter Wilt, John H. Stiffler R. W. Christy, school directors. 185 1. — Jacob H. Stiffler, j ustice of the peace ; John Keech, assessor ; George M. Ayre*, constable; John Funk, E. Brubaker, supervisors; James Armor, Abraham Stoner, school directors ; R. W. ChriBty, D. C. Gib boney, overseers of the poor. 1852.— Daniel C. Gibboney, assessor; Jonathan Christian, constable- Abraham Myers, David Riling, supervisors; R. W. Christy, John Fries, school directors ; George M. Ayres, James Armor, auditors. 1853. — John Keech, assessor; John Isett, constable ; Jacob Cbttzsbaugh, William Ayers, supervisors ; John H. Stiffler, Martin Poundler school directors; William S. Hamilton, auditor. 1854. — John D. Spielman, assessor; Thomas Law, constable; William Ayres, Jacob Coltebaugh, supervisors ; Robert R. Hamilton, Joseph Dysart, Bchool directors; John M. Gibboney, auditor. 1855. — Robert R. Hamilton, assessor; Jacob H. Stiffler, William Ayres, supervisors; Martin B. Ayres, David RobiBon, school directors; Jacob Higgins, auditor. 1856. — Jacob Black, assessor; William Vaughn, supervisor; Joseph Higgins, Abraham Stoner, school directors; John McCabe, auditor; James Alexander, clerk. 1857. — James Williamson, constable; no record of other officers. 1858. — John H. Stiffler, assessor; Jacob Coldenbaugh, Ellis Hart, super- visors ; Jacob Black, Daniel C. Gibboney, John M. Stiffler, Bchool directors; John M. Gibboney, Nicholas Funk, auditors. 1859. — Joseph G. W. Burns, assessor; Ellis Hart, Jacob H. Stiffler, supervisors ; John H. Stiffler, Emanuel Clapper, Joseph Higgins, school directors; Joseph Dysart, auditor. 1860. — Peter H. Wilt, assessor; Ellis Hart, Jacob Clingerman, super visors; Robert R. Hamilton, R. W. Christy, school directors; Nicholas Funk, auditor. 1861. — Dauiel Hicks, assessor ; Ellis Hart, David Robison, supervisors; Joseph Dysart, A. W. Wilt, school directors ; Thomas Holland, auditor. 1862. — James Williamson, assessor; Peter K. Stiffler, Solomon Laugnam, supervisors ; Emanuel Clapper, Jacob Black, school directors; John M. Gibboney, auditor. 1863. — James Williamson, assessor; Ellis Hart, P. H. Wilt, supervisors; Frederick Wilt, William H. Irvine, school directors ; Robert R. Hamilton, auditor. 1864. — Robert R. Hamilton, assessor; Samuel Wallace, Peter H. Wilt, supervisors; John H. Stiffler, Charles Sackett, school directors. James McKean, auditor. * 1865.— P. H. Wilt, assessor; Ellis Hart, Jacob H. Stiffler, supervisors; William Smith, John J. Canau, school directors ; John M. Gibboney, auditor. 1866. — Samuel Moore, assessor ; Jacob H. Stiffler, Ellis Hart, supervisors; James M. Kine, Alexander W. Wilt, school directors ; Robert R. Hamilton, auditor. 1867. — D. C. Gibboney, assessor ; Martin Poudler, Ellis Hart, supervisors; C. E. Sackett, John H, Stiffler, school directors; John J. Canan, auditor. 1868. — John J. Canan, assessor; Martin Poudler, Jacob Haun, super visors; Daniel Hicks, Jacob Black, school directors; John M. Gibboney, auditor. 1869 (February).— R. R. Hamilton, assessor; Martin Poudler, Jacob Hami, supervisors; Martin Poudler, J. K. McKinney, school . directors; Jacob H. Stiffler, auditor. 1869 (October).— Martin Poudler, C. Eicholtz, supervisors; John M. Gibboney, John H. Stiffler, school directors ; John J. Canan, auditor. 1870 (October).— Samuel Moore, assessor; Martin Poudler, Henry Fleck, supervisors; Jacob H. Stifl5er,'G. S. Black, school directors; J. Black, auditor. 1872 (February).— Emanuel Clapper, assessor; Martin Poudler, Ellis Hart, supervisors; E. Clapper, J. Masterson, Thomas Stanley, school directors. 1873.— Samuel Moore, assessor; A. Stoner, Ellis Hart, supervisors; Jacob Hanmer, John Gibboney, E. R. Baldridge, school directors; Martin GateB, auditor. 1874.— Emanuel Clapper, J.B. Cunningham, assessors; Ellis Hart, Abra ham Stoner, supervisors; James Funk, Samuel Wallace, school directors; S. W. Piper, auditor. '«'»; IBlJiflllilill ^^^r. ji'ui?^ A?/ ## &?.'/ (over twenty-one years of age) were George Wait, Lewis Gwin, Alexander Ale, John Crane, Christopher Crane, William. Tanehill, John Root, James Glasgow, Ed ward Rodgers, John Wait, John H. Graham, Robert McFarland, Thomas Kenney, Jonathan Hopkins, Patrick Dougherty, James Hopkins, George Weaver, William Boyle, John Cherry, John Rigol, Henry Homer, Lemuel L. Carpenter, Harley Williamson, Eichard McQuillen, John Hunter, and Daniel Mc Cauley. Following is a list of taxables, etc., during 1830 : Ale, Daniel, owned 3 horses, 2 cows,-130 acres, and 1 lot in Davidsburg. Ale, Alexander, owned 86 acres, 1 horse, 2 cows, 1 saw-mill, and 1 lot in. Davidsburg. Ake, William, owned 1 horse, 2 cows, and 340 acres. Austin, David, owned 1 cow. Burket, Samuel, owned 1 cow. Buttonberg, William, owned 2 horses, 2 cows. Bradley, John, owned 150 acres and 1 cow. Bradley, Manasseh, owned 150 acres, 1 cow, and 1 horse. Bell, Edward, owned 3G74 acres, 4 horses, 6 cows. Black, John, 6 horses, 2 cows, 1 saw -mill, 277 acres. Boyle, Henry, 100 acres, 1 cow. - Bower, Conrad, 50 acres, 1 cow. Boyle, John, 1 cow. Burdine, Elizabeth, 200 acres, 2 horses, 1 cow. Bunket, Peter, 7 acres. Burnham, Dudley H., house aud lot in Davidsburg, 1 cow; was also a prominent early school-teacher. Bower, Michael, 1 cow. Bell, John, 1 cow. Beamer, Samuel, 1 cow. Burley, Philip, 1 cow. Barley, Joseph, 1 horse, 1 cow. Calderwood, William, 1 cow. Clossin, Josiah, 127 acres, 3 horses, 2 cows. Coleman, John, 200 acres, 2 horses, 4 cows. Cherry, Anthony, 2 horses, 2 cows. Cherry, Andrew, 400 acres, 1 saw-mill, 1 horse, 1 cow. Cherry, Jacob, 42 acres, 2 horses, 2 cows. Cherry, Nicholas, 2 horses, 2 cows, 200 acres. Cherry, John, 1 cow, 109 acres. Crane, Abraham R., 6 horses, 2 cows, 550 acres. Contrur, Henry, 1 cow, 52 acres, Contrur, Michael, 1 cow, 52 acres. Crane, Christian E., 2 horses, 1 cow, 76 acres, 1 distillery, and 1 lot in Davidsburg, Collier, John, 1 cow. Crane, John, 1 cow, 2 lots in Davidsburg. Crane, Abraham, 198 acres, 2 horses, 2 cows. Cryder, Jacob, 3 cows, 408 acres, 1 saw-mill. Cnrry, William, 4 horses, 3 cows, 182 acres. Campbell, John, 1 horse, Domer, David, 150 acres, 1 horse, 1 cow. 1 Owned saw-mills. 3 Owned grist- and saw-mill. 2 Agent for Wallace's saw-mill. Domer, George, 63 acres, 1 horse, 1 cow. Domer, Matthias, 1 horse, 1 cow, 1 lot in Davidsburg. Deckert, Ann, 100 acres, 1 cow, 50 aon s. Domer, John, 1 cow. Domer, Jacob, 1 cow, 1 lot in Davidsburg. Dougherty, Patrick, 300 acres, 1 horse, 1 cow. Dysart & Lloyd, 300 acres, 7 horses, 4 cows, and 1 forge of 3 fires (th Antes Forge). Eaken, Samuel, 140 acres, 2 horses, 1 cow. Eaken, William, I cow. Ervin, Daniel, 320 acres, 3 horses, 6 cows. Ervin, James, 350 acres, 2 horses, 2 cows. Ellis, Alexander, 1 lot in DavidBburg, 1 cow. Everly, Henry, 1 cow, Eckley, Joseph, 1 cow. Figart, William, 1 horse and 2 acres. Figart,4 John, 1 horse and lot in Davidsburg, 2 cows. Fleck,5 David, 7 acres, 1 lot in Davidsburg. Fleck, Henry, 14 acres, 1 lot in Davidsburg. Fetter, Abraham, 80 acres, 1 cow. Green, Joseph, 25 acres, 1 horse, 1 cow. Green, Thomas, 150 acres, 2 horses, 1 cow, 1 saw-mill. Glasgow, Jiimes aud Taylor, 320 acres, 4 horses, 4 cows. Glasgow, Richard, 150 aires, 2 horses, 3 cows. Glasgow, Mary, 187 acres, 1 horse, 1 cow. Gwin, Lewis, 100 acres, 2 horses. Galbraith, Archibald, 6 horses, 2 cows. Gourley, George, 280 acres, 2 horses, 2 cows. Henshey, John, 200 acres, 1 saw-mill, 2 horses, 4 cows. Hartzell, George, 200 acres, 2 horses, 3 cows. Hopkins, Jonathan, 30 acres, I horse, 2 cows. Hamilton, Robert, 198 acres, 4 horses, 3 cows. Hartzell, Jacob, 196 acres, 2 horses, 3 cows. Hutchinson, John, 175 acres, 1 saw-mill, 2 horses, 2 cows. Hutchinson, James, 150 acres, 2 horses, 2 cows. Harrison, James, 150 acres, 1 horse, 2 cows. Hopkins, Mary, 147 acres, 1 horse, 1 cow. Hopkins, Joseph, 187 acres, 2 burses, 2 cows. Hopkins, Benjamin, 150 acres, 2 horses, 2 cows. Hannah, John, 1 cow. Henigh, George, 200 acres, 1 horse, 1 cow. Hunter, Jane, 400 acres, 1 cow. Hull, David, I horse, 1 cow, 200 acreB. Hutchison, John, 267 acres, 2 horses, 1 cow. Hunter, David G., 100 acres, 1 horse, 3 cows. Hull, Elizabeth, 100 acres, 1 cow. Humer, Elizabeth, 200 acres, 2 horses, 2 cows. Hagerty, William, 1 cow. Holland, Joseph, Jr., 150 acres, 1 horse, 1 cow. Harrison, Jerome, in occupation. Haines, Jacob, 1 cow. Igou, John, 1 cow. Igou, Joshua, 300 acres, 2 horses, 2 cows. Igou, Peter, 115 acreB, 1 horse, 1 cow. Igou, James, 200 acrus, 1 horse, 5 cows. Igou, Joshua, Jr., 1 cow. Igou, Jacob, 1 horse, 4 cows, 270 acres, 1 saw-mill. Isett, Jacob, 1 tannery, 1 house and three lots in Davidsburg. James, Atley, 100 acres, 1 cow. Johnston, Dr. Thomas, 1 lot in Davidsburg. Kennedy, John, 100 acres. Kelso, Sarah, 200 acres, 2 horses, 2 cows. Kerr,6 Alexander, 1 cow. Krotzer, John, 247 acres. Krise, Stephen, 1 cow. Kephart, Conrad, I cow. Kunsman, John, 100 acres, 1 horse, 2 cows. Long, William, 200 acres, 2 horses, 2 cows. Lesher, John, 100 acres, 1 cow. Learner, Jacob, 96 acres, 2 horses, 2 cows. Miller, JameB, 1 horse, 1 cow ; agent for 492 acres. 4 John Figart built the first house in Davidsburg in 1828. It is now occupied by the widow of George Hicks. 5 David Fleck established the tannery in Davidsburg. 6 An early school-teacher. 40 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. McClelland, John, 1 cow. McClelland, John, Jr., 1 cow. Miller, George, 1 cow. McCauley, William, 300 acres, 1 horse, 2 cows. McPherson, Alexander, 110 acres, 2 horses, 4 cows. Mulholland, James, Jr., agent for 115 acres, 2 cows. Mulbolland, James, 1 cow, 70 acres. McQuillen, George, agent for 200 acres. McKnight, Robert, 250 acres, 3 horses, 3 cows, McFarland, Alexander, .d£e Dysart. [seal.] "And now, to wit. 19th January, 1839, rend and confirmed.and unan imously ordered, the western division of Frankstown township to be called IIlaib, iu honor of John Blair, Esq., late a distinguished citizen of Huntingdon County, member of the Legislature, and an ardent friend of internal improvement. "By the court." Residents in. 1840— The taxables in 1840 (includ ing those residing in all boroughs, villages, etc.), as written by the assessors for that year, were as here shown, — David B. Armstrong, William Anderson & Co., Samuel Armstrong, Philip Ackley, Adams & McCormick, James Arthur, Philip Arehart, William Adams, Rev. Richard Bond, Charles Bush, Lucretia Barber, Johu Barr, Jr., George Baughman, Abraham Brown, William Brown, Simon Biotherliiie, John Biutherliue, Multhew Biady, Richard butler, Henry Butler, James Buchanan, M. Butler, George Bu chanan, John Buck, Exchange Bank Branch, John Bingham, Aquilla Burchlield, Johu Bollinger, Abraham Baker, John Bren- nan, And lew Baker, Rev. James Bradley, Patrick Bowlaud, Joseph Bothel, Henry Bassler, Jeremiah Betts, Peter Boyle, Johu Bous lough, Johu Ban, George Baker, William Barr, James Boggs, Bid dle, Moore & Co., Hugh & Michael Bigler, Emanuel Biauain, Thomas Brooks, Joseph Baldrige, Joseph Baker, Mary A. Bowers, John C. Bowers, James Boiler, Aaron Burns, Augustus Black, Thomas Bingham, Wm. Bell, Johu Bush, Benj. Uossart, Terrenes Brady, Jeremiah Bush, Otto Campbell, Ftaucis Campbell, Baltzer Couiad, John Conrad, Dennis Clark, Jas. Conrad, Robt. Cresswell, Dan lei Confer, Barnabas Collier, Isaac Conrad, James Cassidy, Jon- alhan Conrad, Asahel L. Cunts, John Charles, Daniel Clapbaugh, Abraham U. Crane, Joseph Corbin, Sr.,Jnmes Clossin, Dr. James Cof fey, Hugh Craig, Elijah Conrad, William Campbell, Johu Cooper, Nicholas Cyphers, James Crawford, William Cox, John Crum, Jacob Complieisook, Daniel Cramer, Joseph Corbin, Jr., William Carmen, David Conrad, David Curry, Joshua Carr, Philip Cope, Peter Cas sidy & Son, David Cassidj , Oswald Curtis, John Culleu, Daniel B. Crowell, Richaid Cook, Levau Cullisou, Anion Dunn, William Dunn, William Donalilsoii (inn-keeper), John Davis, Peter Dubuld,John M. Davidson, Johu Daley, Bernard Donaghy, John Dougherty (inn keeper), Devine & Black, George Dunmore, Johu Dair, Joliu Dear- mit, Henry Devine, Charles Denny, Jacob Drake, Michael Dunn, 2 Iu April, 1863, George L. Cowan, Job M. Spang, and JacobL. Martin, commissioners appointed by the court for the pnrpose, ran a new line between Blair aud Freedom townships, described as follows: "Begin ning at the old corner between the said townships of Blair and Freedom, near Gap Iron-Works, and on the Hue of Taylor township; thence by line of Taylor township aforesaid, north thirty-eight degrees east sev enty perches, to a post j thence north Bixty-one degrees west one hun dred and t wenty-eigbt perches to a red-oak on the old line, one hundred and thirty-six perches northweBt of the old corner (the place of begin ning)." This change in the boundary line increased the area of Freedom, and consequently diminished that of Blair. BLAIR TOWNSHIP. 49 Peter Dennis, M. Dethriek, Benjamin Dasher, Peter Dellis, Timothy Davis, Fager Delancy, Adam Drendle, John Dasher, Jeremiah Don ahue, John Dougherty (merchant), Joseph Dizer, Philip Dougherty, Henry Dublin, Timothy Devine, John Deery, Thomas Duke, Robert Elliott, Alexander Ennis, Cyrus Egbert, I-aac Edwards, Peter Emeigh, John Engle, John Estep, William Elder, Charles Emeigh, Philip Early, Jacob Ebaugh, Thomas Ellis, Ellis Evans, Ed- ward Evorman, Henry Everlink, Thomas Eldredge, John Fry, George Fry, Simon Frazier, Elijah Fener, Sarah Filler, Jacob Foust, Alexander Frazier, Henry Fairfax, Michael Forbes, Samuel Framp ton, Samuel Foss, David Fair, James Filliber, Joshua E. Foster, JameB B. Frampton, Isaac Fisher, James Fair, John Fowler, Daniel Ferry, Chester D. Flint, Joseph Flock, Philip Folk, Solomon Far ber, Matthew W. Green, Charles Grunther, Michael Gilden, William S. Glass, James Giddens, Peter Gates, Willhim Groves, Ephraim Galbraith, Nathan Green, John B. Glass, John Ginley, James Git- tens, David Goodfellow, Patrick Ginley, Alexander Glenn, George W.Greer, James Gillespie, George W.Gardner, Rev. William Gib- «on,Jr., John Galloway, Alexander Grove, James Gooden, Edward Ginn, John Gorley, Christian Garber, Michael C. Garber (estate of), James Gardner, Albert J. Garber, Charles Gillespie, Patrick Gar- rity, Garber & Lowry, John Grain, Margaret S. Gorley, Joseph ¦George, William Harland, John Hetherington, William Houser, William Holliday, S. F. Henry, Peter Hewit, William Holland, Nicholas Hewit, George Hughes, Jacob Hayes, George Hill, Ellen Hartford, David Hewit, Abraham Herr, Joseph P. Hammer, Mary Hughes, Cornelius B. Harkins, Kobert A. Hamilton, Lewis Har din, George Horrer, John Hamilton, William B. Hall, Thomas Holmes, James Hetherington, It. A. Horrell, Joseph Higgins, John Hoover, Thomas Higgins, David Hewitt, Jr., Charles Hughes, Michael Howe, Daniel Hewit, Adam Hipps, Frederick Hubbard, Williiirn Hoffman, Emanuel Harkins, Abraham Hare, Hewit & Hig gins, Martin Hart, S. F. & John J. Henry, John Irwin, William Irwin, John L. Ingram, Abner Iseuour, John James, Samuel Jones, Thomas Johnston, Johnston (Dougherty's agent), Jennings (Bingham's agent), Andrew Jenkins, Alexander Johnston, Henry fl. Jeffries, Thomas Jackson, Jackson & Garber, William Johus, P. S. Joslin, John P. Jones, John Jentry, Franklin Johnston, John Johns, William Johnston, James Johnston, James R. Johnston, Samuel Johnston, Ervin Jourdon, Joshua Kelly, Kennedy & Reed, Michael Kelly, William Kelly, Alexander Knox, Jr., Alexander Knox, Abraham Koons, Joseph Kidd, Widow Koon, Andrew Kelly, Robert Korker, Daniel Keech, Stephen G. Keech, Hugh Kelly, Lewis Keene, Jacob Kilyan, William Kacy, Michael Keyes, John Kinports, John Kinsler, Joseph Kemp, Kemp & Cunningham, Joan Kephart, Dr. J. A. Landis, Andrew Lowe, James Long, George Leighty, Matthias Leighty, William Learner, Samuel Longenecker, John Learner, James Laughrey, Jr., William Lynch, William Lyon, Frederick Lindsay, Ephraim Lindsay, Isaac Lawrence, Elliott Loug, David L. Lindsey, James Lindsey, Jr., James Lindsey, Sr., David Lindsey, Wm. Lewis, Hobt. Lowrey, Geo. Lingafelter, H. Learner, John Lytle, Robert Lytle, Elizabeth Lindsey, Garber Lindsey, JameB Lockwood, Robert Lowry & Co., James Lynch, David Lang- stun, Gilbert L. Lloyd, Elizabeth Longenecker, John Lowe, George W.Morgan, Thomas and Patrick McCloskey, George Myers, Samuel -Myers, Johu Mcllvaine, Henry McConnell, John Miller, Daniel -McConnell, Peter Michael, Barnabas McConnell, Robert McNamara, William McConnell, Widow Marks, Henry McPike, James Mcin tosh, Dennis McCloskey, Robert McCutcheon, Samuel Moore, Solo mon McCullough, James McCloskey, James A. McCahan, Thomas McNamara, Henry Michael, Matthew Murray, Peter Moyer, Benja min MrEwen, Joseph C. Morgan, John McCloskey, James Matthews, ¦Cornelius McConnell, Thomas B. Moore, Silas Moore, S. & T. B. Moore, JohnBton Moore, McFarland & Garber, Edward McGentie & Co., Samuel C. Miller, Thomas McNamara, William McFarland, •James Morehouse, Craig McLanahan, Joshua McCord, James Mar tin, Adam Moutz, Jeremiah Moughty, George McDonough, Anson McDowell, John Mitchell, John Mahoney, John Murphy, John Martin, George R. McFarlane, John R. Martin, John G. Miles, Peter McNally, Owen McDonald, John Maxwell, R. R. McKee, John Miller, Thomas Miller, Robert L. Martin, Samuel Martin, Francis McGrath, Charles McCran, Alexander McCamey, John Mock, James Marsden, John McKinzie, Jacob Mattern, Edward McGio- Jey, Joseph McNnlty, Daniel Muttersbaugh, William McCormick, Charles R. McCray, David H. Moore, Alexander McCormick, Roger Matthews, Mary McShane, John McGuire, Henry McConnell, Jr., B, S. McCune, McCune & Donaldson, John McClain, John S. Maus, D Charles Martin, Robert L. Martin, Andrew Martin, Thomas T. McGwin, Peter Noel, Jonathan Neal, William Nelson, Adam Nipps, James Orr, Bernard O'Triel, James O'Brien, Peter O'llagan, JameB O'Neal, William Osb, William Pennington, Vincent Psige, Henry L. Patterson, Jonathan Potts, John Piper, Thomas Patterson, James II. Page, George Port, Joseph Porter, Joseph Rolin, Samuel Ray, Smitli Reeder, John Reigart, George W. Robbins, James Robison, Martin Robbins, Marian Riddle, Michael Riley, Elizabeth Rohra- backer, J. W. Robertson, Royer & McLanahan, William Robison, William Robertson, Rov. John P. Rockafellow, Hugh Riley, Joseph Riter, Jacob Riley, JoBeph Reed, Jonathan Rhule, Joel L. Rodgers, Abraham Robison, Solomon Ruggles, John A. Ray, Simon Richards, Abraham Refner, Samnel Royer, Peter Refner, E. F. Shoenberger, Abraham Spielraan, James Smith, John Shannon, Henry Shirley, John Shoup, Henry Shirley, Samuel Smith, Peter Shoenberger, Jos. Steel, Michael Simons, John Stall, Samuel Smith, Nicholas Steffey, D. Sells, J. Shoop, J. Snyder, F. Smith, Wm. Shomo, Henry Slingluff, John Summers, Jacob Snyder, Rosannah Scott, Juhn Stineman, Henry Shomo, Samuel Shaver, Abraham Smith, Sharrer & Co., Sarah Stevens, John Smith, Solomon Shomo, William Sharrer, Mc Donald Smith, Edmond Shehan, George Snyder, John A. Snyder, John Sharrer, Nicholas Shank, Matthias Shank, William Snow, George Smith, William Swinehart, Philip Seesholtz, George W. Seesholtz, John B. Stewart, David Swinehart, Hughey Sweeney, William Sisler, Samuel Sissler, David Siter, William Smith, Henry Springer, John Tate, Sr., John Tate, Jr., Jacob Taylor, George W. Trump, John Thompson, Moses Tagg, Moses Tagg, Sr , John Thomas, Samuel H. Taggert, Joseph Taylor, David Tate, Michael Tetwiller, William Vaughn, Nancy Vaughn, Philip Varuer, Am-almm Van Tries, James Vaughn, John Ullery, John Walker, L. H. Williams, ThomaB J. Williams, John Wray, John Wiley, William West, Jacob WeidenBall, Jr., William Williams, John Walker (inn-keeper), Wil liams, Bingham & Co., W. W. Ward, Rudolph Williams, John Wil liams, George Washington, Jacob Weaver, Jr., Henry Weaver, Henry Weaver, Jr., Philip Weaver, Philip Weaver, George Weaver, A. P. Wilson, John Walters, Susannah Walters, Joshua Williamson, Henry Weidensall, James Wilson, Josiah Waterman, John Wertz, Solomon Wertz, Jacob Wertz, Jesse Wills, John Wighaman, George Waltz, George Wighaman, V. Walker, Richard Whitcomb, Solomon Wilson, Oliver Wise, Peter Winebrenner, Benjamin Wiley, Martin Walls, Jesse Wilson, Widow Young, Stephen Yager, Robert Young, Richard Yocum, John Yager, Eli Yoker, Christian Zentz. gle Freemen. — Thomas Adams, Johu Adams, Henry Angel, Samuel Adams, Francis Angler, Ezra Austin, Samuel Adams, W. Alexander, William Arthur, John Arged, Christian Beck, Johu Buchanan, John Brotherline, Augustus Black, Thomas Boyer, George Books, John Brawley, Peter Bobb, Daniel Bolin, Henry Borland, William Brindle, Thomas P. Boggs, Christopher Barkman, Jacob Cites, David Cawsidy, James Campbell, George Cassidy, Henry Curry, William Cypher, George W. Clarke, William Casey, Dr. James Christy, Muses Clos sin, Joseph Conley, Samuel Calvin, George Cypher, William Cramer, Aaron Cade, John Conder, R. W. Christy, David Cole, Alexander Clark, Thos. Cadwallader, Aaron Clay, Arthur Craig, John Downey, Henry M. Davidson, Joseph DyBart, William C. Dill, Lewis Donald, James Donaghy, Charles Dougherty, James N. Donaldson, Jacob Dennis, Charles Davis, Robert Elliott, John Elliott, Jesse Estep, Daniel Emeigh, R. Foster, William Floyd, Christian Farber, Edward Fitzgerald, Michael Fair, CharleB Foust, James Ferguson, Hugh Ferguson, Davis Ferguson, Isaac Fell, George Gordon, George Geer, Reuben Gregory, D. F. Griffith, David Goodfellow, William Gibbs, John Gowdy, Jesse Groves, William Groves, Jr., Charles Groves, M. Glasgow, James Gregory, Paul Groff, Gideon Gillespie, Michael Gal lagher, Joseph Gallagher, John Gibbs, A. L. Holliday, Elijah Hunch- berger, Houtz (colored), John Heamalt, William Hetherington, John Hetherington, James Hazlett, John HayB.P. Hamilton, Fred erick Hulbert, Frederick HeBser, Thomas S. Ingram, Oliver B. In gram, Humphrey M. Ingram, John Irwin, Lewis Irwin, James Irwin, William James, Joseph Jones, John L. Johnston, Alexander Jen kins, John Johnston, Jacob King, Michael Ketner, David Ktmtz, Joseph Kuntz, Alexander Knox, Jr., James King, David Kneedler, William Kellerman, Benjamin Lewis, Alexander Lowrv, Jr., Robert Lowry, Jr., William Lloyd, Jpseph Lindsey, William F Leech, John Lang, James Long, Jr., Henry Lloyd, John Liugenfelter, Thomas Lowden, John F. Lane, G. C. McKee, R. R. McKee, James McCal- ligan, John Maran, James McGary, Peter McLaughlin, Mark Mc Cauley, Thomas Morton, James Mullen, A. B. Morton, N. J. Morgan, Daniel McConnell, Peter Wertz, Amos Morgan, Jas. McCauley, Pat- 50 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. rick Murphy, T. A. McGuire, L. Miles, Geo. Miller, Patrick Murray, D. Murray, P. McCahan. Hugh McNeal, JameB Mcintosh, Francis McKenna, Daniel Pringle, J. W. Porter, Martin Porter, George Pat terson, James O'Neal, Dr. Charles O'Friel, James D. Robison, James W. Riddle, William Rogers, Samuel Royer, Jr., John N. Roberts, Thomas Robison, James D. Rea, Daniel K. Reamey, E. Rowles, George W. Ruth, Walter D. Riddle, Peter Ream, Jonathan Rodgers, J. B. Reed, Jacob Richey, L. Reed, Samuel Rhodes, Arthur Rooney, A. Rowe, John W. Shaw, Benjamin Shrock, Nicholas Stevens, John Scudder, Andrew Strouder, Jacob Smith, Michael Sellers, James Smith, Miller Stewart, William Thomas, James Temple, John Thompson, William Taggart, Martin Travis, Gwin Tate, Isaac Ullery, Daniel Ullery, William Valentine, Robert Williams, William Ward, Philip Weaver, Peter Weaver, Benjamin Woodney, William P. Wilson, William Wright, James R. Wood, John White, James Wood, Henry WernB, John Werns, Jacob White, Joseph White, Levi Young, John Young. The following names were added to the roll by the collector : Married Men.— Isaiah Bunker, Rev. John Bowen, John Bassler, John Brown, Alexander Buchanan, Robert Burnett, Samuel Baird, Jacob Bare, William Burley, Joseph Bolton, John Cox, Henry Carner, Patrick Courter, Jeremiah Cunningham, David Caldwell, John Clapbaugh, Peter Cassidy, Peter Cassidy, Jr., George Donnelly, John Delancy, John Foster, Henry Foust, Napoleon Fiter, James Flowers, Henry Herr, John Hughes, William Hetherington, John Hysung, Samuel Hershberger, Lodwick Huff, Hewit & McLana han, John Ham, Thomas Hamilton, John Litz, Barnabas Lawrence, Jacob Lindsey, McNamara & Royer, Augustin McDermot, Abraham Mench, Alexander McCahan, John Moore, Joseph McCune, An thony Madara, Daniel McGilleu, George Moke, Adam Munce, Archi bald McFadden, John Malott, Rev. Jacob Martin, John McGuire, Jeremiah Mnrray, Joseph McNally, Charles Miller, James McNally, Courter McHee, William McGinnis, James McCIaiu, Hiram Malott, Joseph A. Major, Henry Stephey. Single Freemen. — Daniel Bush, Samuel Barr, Joseph Barr, William Bun ker, John Barber, James Barr, James Blake, Joseph Bonslough, Levi Buckler, Benjamin Burley, George Dunlap, Samuel Dell, Daniel Dillitiger, Andrew Glunt, John Gregg, Isaiah Hoop, David Hum phrey, Isaac Hull, Zachariah Hum, Benjamin Hard, Arthur Han son, William Hamilton, John Hice, Samuel Koon, John S. Langhlin, James McCahan, S. P. McFadden, Henry Mans, Robert McNamee, Jacob Moltz, Daniel L. Martin, Daniel D. Murphy, Owen McNally, William L. Martin, William Morrison, James McColgin, Levi Mc Guire, John Morgan, Thomas McNally, John McNally, JameB Mc- Doiigal, Henry Miller; James Mourty, John Murray, Patrick Mc Donnell, William H. McClintock, Amos Moyer, Samuel Mountain, John Nipps, Michael Nipps, James Newberry, Joseph Neal, Joseph Neff, Peter Noel, Jr., William Rinehart, James Rhodes, Daniel Rutch, Henry P. Stewart, Vincent Salvira, William Shafer. The total valuation of property assessed in the township in 1840, including the villages and boroughs, was four hundred and five thousand nine hundred and forty-six dollars, and the total amount of tax levied during the same year was eleven hundred and one dollars and fifty-one cents. Township Officers. — Following are the names, dates, etc., of various township officers elected annu ally during the years from 1839 to 1881, inclusive: 1839. — George Weaver, constable; William Holliday, John Conrad, su pervisors; Thomas Jackson, Jacob Weaver, overseers of the poor; Peter Cassidy, John Reigait, auditors; John Wertz, John D. In gram, appraisers. 1840. — Jacob Weaver, constable ; William Holliday, David Cassidy, su pervisors; Jacob Weaver, John Barr, overseeis of the poor; Elijah Ferree, auditor; Audrew Baker, Joshua Williamson, school direc tors ; Peter Boyle, clerk. 1841. — George S. Hoover, constable; William Holliday, Patrick Bolin, supervisors; Peter Boyle, George Hoover, overseers of the poor. 1842. — George S. Hoover, constable ; James McCloskey, Patrick Bolin, auperviaors; Joseph C. Morgan, Peter Emeigh, overseers of the poor; Daniel McConnell, auditor; Peter Meyers, C. McConnell, Alexander McKenny, school directors ; Dennis Clark, clerk ; Chris tian Lentz, Samuel Moore, appraisers, 1843.— George S. Hoover, constable; Henry Shirley, James McCloskey supervisors; Daniel McConnell, Michael Simons, overseers of the poor; Snmuel Moore, auditor; Joshua Williamson, Robert McNa mara, Bchool directors; Dennis Clark, town clerk. 1844 —George S. Hoover, constable; Henry Shirley, John Ullery, super visors; Geoige S. Hoover, D. McConnell, oversoers of the poor* Landon Reese, auditor; James Conrad, John Wertz, school direc tors; DenniB Clark, town clerk. 1845.— George S. Hoover, Henry Shirley, James McCloskey, supervisors; Oliver Ingram, Robert A. Hamilton, overseers of the poor; Elijah Ferree, auditor ; Samuel Moore, William Brooks, school directors ; Thomas Montgomery, clerk. 1846.— George S. Hoover, constable ; John Ullery, William Vaughn, supervisors; Augustin McCuy, overseer of the poor; Daniel Beigle, auditor; ThomaB Buchanan, R. McNamara, school directors; Rufus A. Horrell, clerk. 1847. — Edward Gwin, justice of the peace; Peter Cassidy, Philip Weaver, inspectors; G. S. Hoover, constable; John Wertz, Alexander Knox, school directors; Georgo S. Hoover, G. Buchanan, overseers of the poor; Cornelius McConnell, assessor. 1848. — William Vaughn, constable; Peter Cassidy, Jr., George Buchanan, supervisors ; Cornelius McConnell, assessor ; Daniel McConnell, Wil liam Brooks, school directors. 1849. — C. McConnell, assessor; George S. Hoover, constable; John 171- - lery, Peter Cassidy, Jr., supervisors; Thomas Buchanan, D. Cassidy, school directors. 1850. — Daniel McConnell, justice of the peace; Peter Cassidy, aseesBor; James Conrad, auditor; John Rhodes, George Buchanan, super visors; Alexander Knox, John Weitz, school directors. 1851. —Francis CaBsidy, assessor; R. A. Horrell, constable; Peter Cas- Bidy, James McCloskey, supervisors; William Brooks, Daniel Beigle, school directors; Daniel McConnell, auditor. 1852. — William Brooke, assessor; Joshua Williamson, constable; 0. Zentz, B. Rorabach, supervisors ; David Cassidy, Thomas Buchanan, school directors; J. A. McCahan, O. B. Ingram, auditors. 1853. — William Brooke, assessor; Rufus A. Horrell, constable ; John Ullery, John Buell, supervisors; John Kephart, Francis Cassidy, school directors ; James Conrad, Ebenezer Ingram, auditors. 1854. — John Campbell, assessor ; John Buell, Samuel Baird, supervisors; Abraham Robison, David Riddle, school directors; Samuel Moore, auditor. 1855. — E. W. Ingram, assessor ; Jacob Weaver, James Mclntire, super visors; David Cassidy, John Lingafelt, school directors; Elijah Ferree, auditor. 1856.— John Campbell, assessor; Jacob Weaver, Arthur Rooney, super visors; John Wertz, Francis Cassidy, J. A. McCahan, school direc tors; JameB Conrad, auditor; Adam Hoover, clerk. 1857. — No record. 1858. — Cornelius McConnell, assessor; Solomon Wertz, Jacob Weaver, supervisors; David Cassidy, Thomas B. Buchanan, school directors; Jeremiah Ritz, auditor. 1859. — R. A. Horrell, assessor; Solomon Wertz, Elijah Ferree, supervi sors ; John Duffey and Jerome Blatte, school directors; James Con rad, auditor. I860.— John Wertz, assessor ; Abraham Robison, E. W. Ingram, super visors ; George Koon, George Weaver, school directors ; John Ullery, auditor. 1861.— George A. Weaver, assessor; E. W. Ingram, John Ullery, super visors; David Cassidy, Samuel B. Confer, school directors; GeorgB S. Hoover, George A. Weaver, Henry Mcintosh, auditors. 1862.— John Campbell, assessor; E. W. Ingram, John Duffy, supervi sors; Thomas Kennedy, John Kiphart, school directors; Elijah Ferree, auditor. 1863.— William H. Brooke, assessor; E. W. Ingram, David Riddle, Bu pervisors; John Campbell, Joseph Baker, George Rhodes, George Koons, school directors; Landon Reeves, auditor. 1864.— E. W. Ingram, assessor; Simon Kephart, Daniel Delozier, super visors; William Lovell, D, Riddle, school directors; Henry Mcin tosh, auditor. 1865.— Martin Christy, assessor ; Jacob Rhodes, James Mclntyre, super visors ; Samuel G. Wilson, Alexander Knox, school directors ; F. D. Boyer, auditor. 1866.— John Campbell, assessor; Henry Shirley, James Mclntyre, super visors ; James Conrad, A. Robison, Bchool directors ; II. M. Ingram, auditor. BLAIR TOWNSHIP. 51 1867— F. Cassidy, assessor ; Henry Shirley, John Campbell, supervisors ; James Mcintosh, Thomas Buchanan, school directors ; H. Mcintosh, auditor. W68.— George Ullery, assessor; Ilenry Shirley, John Ullery, supervi sors; Joseph Wititaker, John Duffey, Alexander Knox, school directors; H. M. Ingram, auditor. 1869 {February). — Johu Campbell, assessor; Henry Shirley, Abraham Delozier, supervisors; James Conrad, George W. Rhodes, school directors; William Forbes, auditor. 1869 (October).— David Biddle, Samuel Fink, supervisors; Thomas Bu chanan, James Mcintosh, Thomas Baker, school directors ; Jonathan Conrad, auditor. 1870 (October).— John Brooke, assessor; Robert McFarland, George W. Rhodes, supervisors; Johu Duffey, David Wilt, school directors; John Striltz, auditor. 1872 (February). — William Biddle, assessor; John McFarland, George Buchanan, supervisors: James Conrad, George W. Rhodes, school directors; H. Mcintosh, William H. Brooke, auditors. 1873.— William Hileman, assessor; Charles Cyphers, Johu Reese, super visors; Then. Sickles, Thomas Buchanan, school directors; Alex ander Knox, auditor. 1874.— William Kiddle, assessor; Charles Cyphers, James Mclntyre, supervisors; James Conrad, Jerome Bladde, school directors; Jona than Conrad, auditor. 1875.— Joseph Whittaker, assessor; Charles Cyphers, John Mclntyre, supervisors; Johu Campbell, Christian Kephart, school directors; John Brooke, auditor. 1876.— James Conrad, assessor ; John Campbell, John Brook, supervisors ; Theo. Sickles, John Duffy, school directors ; Alexander Knox, au ditor. 1877.— Matthew Hunter, assessor; John Brooke, John Delozier, super visors; James Conrad, school director; R. A. Conrad, H. Mcintosh, auditors. 1878.— Samuel Fink, assessor ; G. W. Rhodes, Samuel Fink, supervisors ; John Campbell, William Bush, school directors; Charles Curran, auditor. 1879.— Joseph Whittaker, Robert Mattern, assessors; David Spielman, Daniel Rafensperger, supervisors; Thomas Baker, Christian Kep hart, Theodore Sickles, G. W. Rhodes, school directors; Jerome Bieatte, John Gingery, auditors. 1880.— S. R. Matthews, James Mclntyre, supervisors ; Thomas Baker, C. G. Lindsey, school directors; Benjamin Reed, auditor. 1881— Charles Shultz, C. G. Lindsay, judges of elections; Benjamin Eeed, Harry Ingram, D. N. Sickles, John Kane, inspectors ; D. M. Lotz, assessor ; James Mclntyre, S. R. Matthews, supervisors ; Albert Saunders, constable ; Jonathan Benton, C. H. Rhodes, school direc tors; John Gingery, auditor; James Riddle, township clork. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE (SINCE 1847). Edward Gwin, commissioned in 1847 ; Daniel McConnell, 1850; William H. Brooke and James Conrad, 1857 ; George Koon, 18C1 ; William H. Brooke, 1862 ; James Conrad, 1865 ; William H. Brooke, 1867; James Conrad, 1870; Thomas J. Baker, 1872 : James Conrad, 1875 ; Humph rey M. Ingram and John' Cresswell, 1879; S. Blair Weaver and James Conrad (for the borough of Newry), 1880. Villages. — Gaysport. — The town of Gaysport (which is really but a portion of Hollidaysburg, and only separated from it by the small stream known as the Beaver Dam Branch of the Juniata) contained six hundred and one inhabitants in I860, seven hundred and ninety-nine in 1870, and seven hundred and sixty- four in 1880. True, within its limits are found the Hollidaysburg Railroad Station, the Hollidaysburg, or, as now known, No. 1 iron furnace, the gas-works of the Hollidaysburg Gas Company, a grist-mill, and an extensive foundry and machine-shop, yet it can boast not of a church edifice, post-office, or fire depart ment. It is built upon lands purchased by William Holli day, Sr., in 1768, and remained in the possession of his heirs until about the time of building the canal and Portage Railroad, when Thomas Jackson, Chris tian Garber, and David R. Porter obtained virtual control, and as a result a great law contest took place years afterwards, in which the celebrated Thaddeus Stevens, as attorney for one of the parties, was con spicuous. Gaysport, it is claimed, was named after a gentle man by the name of Gay, who, as an engineer, was prominent during the construction of the canal and railroad. It is pleasantly located upon level bottom lands, and in consequence has suffered from two dis astrous floods. The town was started during the building or soon after the completion of the State internal improvements here, and much that pertains to its early history will be found in the pages in this volume devoted to Hollidaysburg. John Bouslough, John Culbertson, and John Keim were early merchants here. David Caldwell estab lished a tannery and other important business inter- rests early, and in 1837 Henry Devine and James Evans, as partners, built the Bellrough Foundry.1 By an act approved April 21, 1841, the town was in corporated, and it was fully organized as a borough2 June 9th of the same year, the first officers elected being Jeremiah C. Betts, burgess (who afterwards served as the first sheriff of Blair County) ; Thomas Jackson, Henry L. Patterson, Jeremiah Cunning ham, William Barr, and John Lowe, Town Council ; William Pennington, constable ; Benjamin Bossert, Joseph Rollin, David Tate, David Caldwell, John Lytle, and William Hetherington, school directors. Residents in 1846. — Those mentioned as taxables of the borough of Gaysport in 1846 were, as shown in the following lists of heads of families and single freemen, — William Adams, James Armour, John Armstrong, Peter Boyle, John Boyle, Rev. John Bowen, John Barbour, Edward Bell, John Barr, Benjamin Buzzard, John Barr, Jr., David Bentley, William Barr, Samuel S. Barr, Jacob Berry, William Cox, David Caldwell,8 Jere miah Cunningham, George Carothers, Daniel Cramer, Sr., Snyder Carr, Jonathan J. Cunningham, John Denny, Henry Devine,4 John Dearmit, Timothy Davis, Arthur Dobbins, CyriiB Egbert, Jacob R. Ebaugh, James Flowers, James Frame, Jacob Foust, James Flem ing, Michael Filsor, James Hetherington, Francis Hamilton, Wil liam Horrell, William Hale, Thomas Jackson, William Jacobs, Jack son, Shoenberger & Co., Samuel Kennedy, Joshua Kelly, Michael Kelly, John Lowo, John Lytle, Elizabeth Longenecker, John F. Lowry, Gilbert L. Lloyd, William M. Lloyd, John Lagaurd, George Learner, John McDonald, Augustus McDermot, Daniel McGilten, Barnabas McConnell, Robert McCutcheon, Mary Malone, John Ma- lone, James McClain, Michael McDermot, Rev. Jacob Martin, Thos. B. Moore, Joseph R. McGinnis, James McCahan, John McHugh, David Martin, Bernard McHugh, Thomas O'Bryan, John O'Conner.G George W. Patterson, Henry L. Patterson,8 David R. Porter, Joseph Rollins, Smith Reeder, Daniel Redman, James Rhodes, Shoenberger, Bell & Wilson, Margaret Swinehart, Samuel Smith, Peter Shoenber ger, SamuelSmith (machinist), David Stocks, William Sharar, James 1 In a Hollidaysburg newspaper of date Jan. 3, 1838, Messrs. Devine & Evans gave notice that the Bellrough Foundry was in complete oper ation and that the firm was ready " to manufacture steam-engines, rail road cars, and machinery of all kinds." 2 The borough limits were extended in 1857. s Owned a tannery. * Owned a foundry. BWeio-hmaster. 6 Owned a steam mill. 52 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Terry, David Tate, Gwin Tate, William Williams, William G. Wil son, Frederick Wilt, Stephen Yerger, Eli Yoder, Daniel Young. Single Freemen.— John Argeci, William Barr, Joseph G. Barr, Robert M. Barr, James Barr, William Charlton, George Crawford, Daniel Cra mer, Philip Davis, Hugh Gallagher, Cyrus Hetherington, Henry Lloyd, Alexander M. Lloyd, Thomas Lewis (baker), Thomas Lewis (Welshman), James McChesney, Samuel Rhodes, John Rossiter, John Snyder. Borough. Officers. — The following persons (accord ing to records in the prothonotary's office) have been elected as officers of the borough during the years from 1842 to 1881, inclusive: 1842. — Jeremiah Cunningham, burgess; John Dearmit, John Lowe, Wil liam Barr, Jeremiah C. Betts, and B. Bossert, town council ; James Hetherington, II. L. Patterson, schoul directors; William Penning ton, constable. 1843. — Thomas Jackson, burgess ; B. Bossart, J. Cunningham, H. L. Pat terson, J. Rollin, J. Dearmit, William Adams, and William Barr, town council; William Adams, Willbim Barr,school directors; Wil liam Pennington, constable. 1844.— Thomas Jackson, burgess; G.W.Patterson, William M.Lloyd, John Lowe, Samuel S. Ban-, and Jeremiah Cunningham, town coun cil; Johu Barr and Samuel Smith, school directors; Daniel Young, constable. 1845. — Henry L. Patterson, burgess; William Sharar, Daniel Young, Samuel S. Barr, Joseph Rollin, and William Adams, town council; Jeremiah Cunningham, James Terry, David Caldwell, and Robert McCutcheon, school directors; Daniel Young, constable. 1846. — Henry L. Patlersou, burgess; Daniel Young, Benjamin Buzzard, William Sharar, Joseph Rollin, Samuel S. Barr, town council; James Fleming, James Terry, Gyrus Egbert, school directors; Dan iel Young, constable. 1847.— Henry L. Patterson, burgess ; James Flowers, G. W. Patterson, Eli Yoder, Michael Kelly, and Joshua Kelly, town council ; Samuel Smith, David Tate, school directors; S. S. Barr, constable. 1848.— John Barr, burgess; F.R. West, Eli Yoder, John Barbour, Joseph Rollin, H. L. Patterson, Jacob Berry, R McCutcheon, and Jacob R. Ebaugh, town council ; John Lowe aud George Stewart, school di rectors ; B. Boscart, assessor. 1849.— Juhn Barr, burgess; H.L.Patterson, John Dearmit, Benjamin Bossart, Cyrus Egbert, D. Smith, town council ; James Barr, as sessor; Goorge Carothers, constable. 1850.— Francis Hamilton, Michael Cresswell, and James Barr, town council; James A. McCahan, Joseph R. McGinnis, school directors ; G. W. Patterson, assessor. 1851.— Henry L. Patterson, William W. Jackson, town council ; Henry L. Patterson, John Lowe, school directors; Samuel S. Barr, as sessor. 1852.— Timothy C. Davis, A. M. Lloyd, town council; William Barr, J. M. Barbour, school directors; Josepli G. Barr, assessor. 1853.— James Barr, burgess; B. Henderson, George Carothers, William Charlton, town council ; Jesse Crawford, A. M. Lloyd, school direc tors; R. R. Henderson, assessor. 1854.— H. L. Patterson, George Carothers, John Lowe, William Sharar, town council ; John Lowe and H. L. Patterson, school directors ; Alexander Dearmit, assessor. 1855.— Jacob Berry, burgess; William Jacobs, assessor; A. M. Lloyd, E. Patterson, town council ; David Caldwell and James Terry, school directors. 1856.— Eli Yoder, burgess; Robert M. Smith, assessor; William Keller- man and A. M. Lloyd, school directors ; William Charlton and George Carothers, town council. 1857. — Peter Boyle, constable. No record of other officers. 1858.— Alexander M. Lloyd and H. L. Patterson, town council ; Jesse R. Crawford and James Terry, school directors ; James Barr, assessor. 1859.— R. L. Horrell, George W. Patterson, and W. W. Jackson, school directors ; James Barr, assessor. 1860. — Thomas B. Lewis, James Glasgow, school directors; William Douglass, assessor. 1861.— John Fiidenbloom, Nicholas Lyman, George W. Crawford, and Robert McNamara, town council. 1862. — William Kellerman, Thomas W. Hurd, Thomas Burchnell, and A. M. Lloyd, town council. 1863.— JameB Glasgow, R. L. Horrell, and Samuel Baird, supervisors; George W. Daniels, assessor. 1864. — William Kellerman, J. Dern John Fridenbloom, town council- Simon Beard and Jesse Crawford, school directors; Samuel Smith 1865.— Samuel Smith, burgess; George Crawford and William Keller man, town council. 1866.— Samuel Smith, assessor; W. Woods, J. Dern, A. M. Lloyd and William Kellerman, school directors. 1867.— R. L. Horrell and H. B. Smith, school directors. 1868. — William Stone and James Glasgow, town council. 1869 (February). — William W.Jackson, burgess; John Riley, C. B. Jones, and A. M. Lloyd, town council; William W. Jackson and William McNamara, school directors. 1869 (October). — John McGuire, A. M. Lloyd, and John Lowe, Sr.,town council. 1870 (October). — William Stone, James Glasgow, Michael Lyony and Alexander M. Lloyd, town council. 1872 (February). — William W. Jackbon, burgess; John Riley and George W. Cunningham, town council. 1873. — A. M. Lloyd and Jesse K. Crawford; town council. 3874. — Thomas Garland and Thomas W. Jackson, school directors ; C. B, Jones, assessor. 1875.— William Stone, burgess ; George R. Curtis, George W. Patterson, and William Wrhen, town council. 1876. — Jesse Crawford and A. M. Lloyd, town council. 1877.— John Riley and Daniel Baird, town council. 1878. — C. B. Jones, burgess; William Kellerman aud George W. Pat terson, town council; William P. Smith and J. R. Crawford, school directors. 1879. — A. M. Lloyd and William Stone, town council. 1880. — George R. Curtis and John Riley, town council; C. B. Jones and Daniel Baird, sphool directors ; George T. Barr aud John M. Cald well, auditors; Hugh Smith, assessor. 1881. — Jeremiah Ritz, j udge of elections ; George R. Curtis and Mayberry Lindsey, inspectors; Hugh Smith, assessor; Frank McGillen and Edward McNevin, town council ; Josiah A. Border, constable ; George W. Patterson and Benjamin F. Balsinger, school directors. For auditor, Eli C. Jones and Joseph G. Barr received the same number of votes. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. George Potts and Samuel Smith, commissioned in 1850 ; Michael Kelly, 1853 ; Samuel Smith, 1855 ; John Lowe, 1859; Samuel Smith, 1862; Samuel Smith, 1867 ; William W. Jackson, 1871 ; Joseph G. Barr and William W. Jackson, 1872 ; C. B. Jones, 1875 ; William W. JackBon, 1877 ; C. B. Jones, 1880. Financial statement of Gaysport borough for year ending Jan. 1, 1882 : Jer. Ritz, treasurer, in account. Dr. To balance at last settlement 899.69 Received from Johu Lowe, collector 404.02 Total receipts 8503.71 Jeh. Ritz, treasurer, in account. Cr. By amount paid to — John Riley, work at bridge and streets $18.75 W. B. McNamara, opening ditch 3,00 E. McNevin, work on streets 18.00 H. M. Baldridge, attorney fee 20.00 A.M. Lloyd, clerk to council 16.00 A. M. Lloyd & Co., lumber and nails 42.40 A. M. Lloyd & Co., order of Deal on sewers 23.73 I. C. Houck, lamp-lighter 18.00 James Doyle, work on streets 13.12 Evan Nokes, work on streets 3.75 Fox & Riley, removing rubbish 2.25 J. Curran, high constable and work on streets 20.93 Porter & Denniston, coal 2.75 Patterson & Keller, on bond 136.90 M. Morgan, carting 5.00 R. M alone, carting 10.50 George Deal, ou sewer '„..] 53.07 J. A. Border, high constuble, 1880 16.75 0. A. Traugh, printing, 1879-80 23.50 Balsinger and Barr, auditing, 1880 2.00 Wood, Morrell & Co., tools 1.10 Ed. Riley, police duty "..".."..*.'. 2.00 David Cummins, labor .....V.". ".'.""'.... 2.50 William Kellerman, bridge timbers 8.00 James Maloney, repairing streets 10.00 P. Vasey and wife, on article 2.50 William Williams, gas on street 14.30 State tax on borough debt 3.95 Treasurer's percentage 12.34 Total money paid out $506.09 BLAIR TOWNSHIP. 53 Resources and Liabilities. Balance due J. Ritz. treasurer $2.38 Balance due on homl and interest, Mrs. Keller 410.00 Pue Jos. Hutchison, for sewer brick 59.60 Duo B. I. & Coal Company, for lumber 5.70 Total liabilities $477.68 Amount due Lowe judgment $283.54 Balance on deposit, 1880, J. Lowe, collector 143.37 Balance on deposit, 1881, J. Lowe, collector 49(1.93 Total resources $923.84 Resources in excess of liabilities $446.16 The above account has been duly audited hy us, and we certify that the same is correct. B. F. Balsinger, Joseph Baub, Eli C. Jones, Auditors. Gaysport's Manufacturing Interests. — As men tioned, the borough of Gaysport contains an iron furnace (No. 1), gas-works, a grist-mill, and an ex tensive foundry and machine-shop, but as these interests, except the last named, are spoken of in the history of Hollidaysburg, we will only allude here to the founders and machinists. It appears that in 1837, Henry Devine and James Evans, as partners under the firm -name of Devine & Evans, built the "Bellrough Foundry," and com menced operations — the manufacture of " steam-en gines, railroad cars, and machinery of all kinds" — in January, 1838. Some years later Mr. Devine retired, and was succeeded by Michael Kelly, the firm then becoming known as Kelly & Evans. The engine, boiler, and all other machinery used in this pioneer foundry and workshop were of the most primitive order, much of the work produced unsatisfactory, and operations in it ceased soon after the establish ment of one more in keeping with the times and de mand. During the year 1846, Michael Kelly and J. C. McLanahan began business as founders and machin ists in an old warehouse. The firm of Kelly & Mc Lanahan was succeeded by McLanahan (J. C), Jack & Co., and that in turn by McLanahan (J. C); Wat son & Co., which was continued until March, 1863. The senior members of the present firm, viz., J. King McLanahan (son of J. C.) and William Stone1 (a nephew of Hollidaysburg's pioneer founder and ma chinist, Hon. George R. McFarlane), under the name of McLanahan & Stone, then assumed control and erected new buildings on .the site of the old Portage Railway station, the same site now occupied. Suc ceeding this firm was that of McLanahan, Stone & Isett. In December, 1870, the firm of McLanahan, Stone & Bayley was formed, which continued just ten years, or until December, 1880, when, by the retire ment of Mr. Bayley, the old and present firm-name 1 William Stone is a native of Philadelphia, Pa., and was born in 1819. He came to Hollidaysburg in 1840, and for some years waB in the employment of his uncle, George K. McFarlane. He has been a resi dent of Gaysport since 1853. Tlie other members of the present firm, viz., J. King McLanahan, S. C. McLanahan (brothers), and A. T. Stone (son of William), aie natives of Blair County. was revived, — i.e., that of McLanahan & Stone, the members of to-day being J. King McLanahan, S. C. McLanahan, William Stone, and A. T. Stone. The old warehouse in which Kelly & McLanahan began business in 1846 was fired by an incendiary in 1848 or 1849 and destroyed. Another building was immediately after erected on a lot now used by the Blair Iron and Coal Company for a blacksmith-shop and lumber-yard. This, too, was destroyed by fire on the 31st day of March, 1863. The premises at that time were occupied by McLanahan, Watson & Co., and the fire originated in the foundry while some castings were being made. McLanahan & Stone then erected new buildings upon the present site, which, with enlargements made from time to time, were occupied uninterruptedly until the morning of Aug. 18, 1881, when for a third time the buildings of the Gaysport foundry and machine-shop were de stroyed by fire*. However, rebuilding at once began, and ninety days later the works of this firm were again in complete working order. The pattern makers, though, did not cease working after the fire. The moulders resumed work September 15th, and on the 24th of September, 1881, casting began. On the 6th of June, 1882, twenty tons were cast in one day. The buildings now occupied are most convenient and spacious and fitted with the very best machinery in use, power being supplied by a steam-engine of sixty horse-power. About three thousand tons are cast in the foundry per annum, the manufactured articles being chiefly for furnace, rolling-mill, rail road, general, and mining work. In fact, every de scription of heavy work is done, including castings for iron furnaces, massive furnace engines, etc., and sixty skilled workmen are steadily employed. The members of the firm are gentlemen of the highest social and commercial standing, all are com petent, aye, scientific mechanics, and in the future, as in the past, success must attend their efforts. Newry. — The borough of Newry is situated on Poplar Run, in the western part of Blair township, and is distant about four miles southwest from Holli daysburg. It is the present terminus of the Newry Branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad, and contains two churches (Catholic and Lutheran), a new brick school building, several mercantile firms, long estab lished, and about three hundred and fifty inhabitants. Early History, Etc.— Patrick Cassidy, the founder of the town, was born in the city of Newry, Ireland, and when but a mere boy, long before the beginning of the Revolutionary war, came to America in the capacity of servant for an officer in the British army. Early in life he became a proficient surveyor, and settling at Aughwick, in Huntingdon County, Pa., married a Miss Mooney.2 Soon after the close of the American struggle for independence he purchased of 2 Her mother died at Newry at the age of one hundred and three years. 54 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Samuel Pryor and John Gilbert three hundred acres of land, which included the site of the present town of Newry, and in 1787 he became a permanent resi dent here upon lands to that time unimproved. In 1788, according to the first assessment of Franks- town township as of Huntingdon County, he pos sessed two horses, two cows, and three hundred acres of land, all valued at two hundred and fifty-five pounds sterling, upon which was levied a State tax of eleven shillings and a county tax of five shillings and six pence. About the year 1793, as surveyor and propri etor, he laid out the town and named it Newry in honor of the place of his birth. The original plot contained one hundred lots, each fifty feet front by two hundred feet in depth, and, as was quite customary at an early day, many of them were disposed of by lot tery. Subsequently additions to the original plot were made by the founder on the north and south to the number of fifty lots. The main streets' — i.e., Bedford Street, running due north and south, and Allegheny Street, which intersects the former on a due east and west line — are sixty feet wide. Other streets are thirty-two feet in width, while the alleys are sixteen feet wide. • During his residence here Mr. Cassidy performed a vast amount of surveying over a wide scope of the surrounding country. The towns of Williamsburg and Hollidaysburg were also plotted by him. He seems to have been a successful manager too, for at his death,1 which occurred in 1828, at the age of eighty-four years, he was the owner of fifteen hun dred acres of land lying in one body, beside various large tracts of land on the mountains. His brother Felix became a resident of Newry as early as the be ginning of the century now passing, and died here. The children of Patrick Cassidy, Sr., and wife were Henry, Patrick, Jr., Peter, Johu, James, Francis, Catharine, Sarah, Polly, and Jane. Of these sons, Patrick, Peter, and James remained as residents of Newry or its immediate vicinity until their deaths; the others removed to States in the Mississippi Val ley. Peter Cassidy, the third son of Patrick, Sr., was also a surveyor aud an early proprietor of a saw-mill. He lived to the age of seventy-one years, and was the father of eight children, viz., Mary, Susan, Jane, Eliza, Patrick, David, Peter, and Francis,2 of whom David, Eliza, and Francis alone are now living. Although containing but a small number of inhab itants, Newry at an early day was noted as an active business centre. The manufacture of hats, cabinet- making and shoe-making were occupations exten- 1 His wife died in 1837, at the age of ninety-fonr years. * Capt. Francis Cassidy served during the war of tlie Rebellion in the One Hundred and Tenth Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry. The brave and heroic commander of the regiment, Col. Crowthers, of Tyrone, fell dend in'his arms at Chancellorsville, and the various scars and disabilities now borne hy the gallant captain are silentyet eloquent witnesses that when duty called during those terrible years of warfare he was ever to be found in the forefront of battle. Since tho war Capt. Cassidy has been prominent as a surveyor aud educator. sively carried on, and it was then an important point on the highway chiefly used in crossing the Allegheny range. The building of the turnpike through Blair's Gap, in 1818-19, though, diverted travel, and conse quently decreased its business, and the completion of the canal and Portage Railway, in 1833, via Holli daysburg and the gap mentioned also lessened the chances for its growth and general prosperity. How ever, beautifully located and surrounded by a good farming region, its residents have generally enjoyed good health, long lives, and a reasonable amount of prosperity, while some have attained that which seems to be the desideratum of all civilized peoples, riches. Henry McConnell, a native ofCounty Antrim, Ire land, came to Newry and settled where his daughter, Mrs. Mcintosh, now resides in the year 1797. He arrived iu America the previous year, however, re maining at Philadelphia six months. His family then consisted of himself, wife, and two children, viz., John and Sarah. Those of his children born at Newry were Margaret, Henry, Jane,3 William, Daniel, Cornelius, Alexander, and Mary. Of his family none survive except Jane (Mrs. Mcintosh), who was born May 6, 1806. Mr. McConnell was a farmer and an early justice of the peace. Among others who were located here prior to 1820 were Robert McNamara, a merchant, distiller, and postmaster for many years ; Alexander Knox, a mer chant, who before coming to Newry had sold goods at McKee's Gap ; Baltzer Conrad,* a carpenter and builder ; Jacob Weaver, cabinet- and pump-maker, and John Smith, a blacksmith. Robert aud Archibald Woods, merchants, Benjamin Wright, merchant and tavern-keeper, William Vaughn, James Vaughn, and Henry Shirley, the blacksmith, were also early residents. Malcolm Mcintosh came from Ireland and settled on the farm in Juniata township now occupied by his grandson, Michael Mcintosh, about 1802. The chil dren who accompanied him on his migration from the Old to the New World were John and Jane. Subse quently there were born to him and wife5 eight others, viz., Alexander, Archibald, James, Mary, Margaret, Catharine, Ann, and Bridget. Of these, James6 learned the carpenter's trade with Baltzer Conrad, married Jane, the daughter of Henry McConnell, and settled in Newry prior to the year 1830. To them thirteen children were born, of whom nine are living, viz.: Henry, a merchant of Newry; James, county commissioner and grocer at Altoona; Franklin, a merchant at Newry; William, an engineer at the Pennsylvania Railroad shops, Altoona; Benjamin, in machine-shop at Philadelphia; Margaret, wife of 3 Mrs. Mcintosh. * Baltzer Conrad was a native of Maryland, and settled in Newry in 1814. 5 The wife of Malcolm Mcintosh attained the age of about one hun dred years. « James Mcintosh died May 3, 1873. His wife, as before mentioned, is still living. BLAIR TOWNSHIP. 55 William Douglass, Oil City, Pa. ; Emeline, at Newry ; Matilda, wife of Samuel Roeloff, Gaysport, Pa. ; and Amanda, wife of Mr. Conrad, Pittsburgh, Pa. During the eighty-nine years that have intervened since the plotting of the town, its growth, as indi cated by the present number of voters (about seventy- five), has been very moderate, yet some seven or eight years ago it was deemed expedient and proper, by a majority of its tax-paying inhabitants, to apply to the Court of Quarter Sessions for articles of incorpora tion, etc. Therefore, in answer to their petitions, at the January sessions of the Blair County Court of Quarter Sessions, held at Hollidaysburg, in 1876, it was provided that the town be incorporated for bor ough purposes alone, " that the voters of said in tended borough shall not form a separate election district, but shall vote at the same place as hereto fore." It was further provided that for school pur poses the town should remain connected with the township of Blair. The judgment of the grand jury on the matter in question was confirmed March 25, 1876, and the court decreed " that the annual borough elections shall be held at the public school-house in said borough on the third Tuesday of February, in accordance with and subject to all the provisions of the laws regu lating township elections. The court further decree and fix the first election in said borough for election of the officers provided for by law at the public school-house in said borough on the 25th day of April, 1876, between the hours of eight o'clock a.m. and seven o'clock p.m. of said day, and designate Samuel Fink to give due notice of said election and the manner thereof; and the court further decrees that Francis Cassidy be the judge, and M. B. Smith and Robert A. Conrad be the inspectors of said elec tion.'' First Charter Election. — According to the provis ions of the foregoing decree, an election for borough officers was held on the 25th of April, 1876, which re sulted as follows: James Conrad, burgess; Jonas Aunsman, constable ; John Hoover, Frank Mc intosh, S. B. Weaver, M. B. Smith, and S. Noel, town council. SUBSEQUENT OFFICERS. 1877.— James Conrad, assessor ; M. B. Smith, Alexander Knox, town council; F. McCoy, R. A. Conrad, Henry Mcintosh, auditors. 1878.— John H. Likens, assessor; F. McCoy, J. Rhodes, town council ; Henry McInto«h, auditor. 1879.— Ambrose Miller, Lewis Wentzell, town council ; John H. Likens, assessor; George W. Shiffler, auditor. 1880.— Samuel T. Knox, assessor; W. W. Benton, Alexander Knox, town council; Adam Hoover, auditor. 1881.— James Conrad, burgess; Samuel T. Knox, auditor; H. H. Cassidy, Edward Conrad, school directors; Jonas Annsman, constable; Frank McCoy, John M. Rhodes, town council ; Marshall Cassidy, assessor; W. W. Benton, James Conrad, inspectors; John Campbell, judge of elections. John H. Likens has served as clerk of the council since the incorporation of the village. Early Schools and Teachers, — The earliest teach ers of whom we have heard mention were Robert Mc Namara and a man named McCoy, who taught during the second decade of the century. The first school- house, a log one, was built about 1820, and is now oc cupied as a dwelling by a family named Snyder. In this building John Shannon, a man who weighed about three hundred pounds, ruled with a heavy hand and his " cat-o'-nine-tails" for many years, indeed until after the improved school system of 1834 was inaug urated. After him came McGarey, Christy, and Peter O'Hagan. The latter was here for several years, and is now a resident of Erie, Pa. Michael Hasson was also a prominent educator, and taught in the old Catholic Church for a number of years. Afterwards he removed to Cambria County, became an attorney- at-law, and represented that county in the State Legislature. Physicians. — Among the early physicians of Newry were Drs. Wolfe, McKamey, and Anderson, all of whom, and probably some others, had practiced here before the coming of Dr. Daniel Beigle, who became a resident in 1841. Among subsequent prac titioners have been Drs. Wintrode, Crawford, and Michael F. Black, the latter being the present practicing physician and a resident for some ten or twelve years. Business Men of the Present.— H. & F. Mcin tosh, who sold goods at the Foot of Ten from 1851 to 1855, and at Newry since the latter date, merchants ; H. Mcintosh, station agent; Alexander Knox & Son,1 merchants; F. McCoy, proprietor of the Franklin House ; Adam Hoover, merchant ; Francis Cassidy, surveyor ; S. T. Knox, postmaster ; Sylvester B. Wea ver, justice of the peace; Richard Tinklepaugh, den tist ; James and Robert Conrad, carpenters, are among the chief business men of the town. St. Patrick's Church (Roman Catholic).— At the village of Newry resides Rev. James Bradley, the patriarch of the secular clergy of the two dioceses of Pittsburgh and Allegheny. Leaving Ireland, his na tive country, to dedicate himself to the cause of re ligion in the wilds of America, he emigrated to the United States in 1825, and entered Mount St. Mary's College, Maryland, to complete his studies. Having spent five years there under the spiritual di rection of the venerable Simon Gabriel Brut6, after wards Bishop of Vincennes, Mr. Bradley was ordained to the sacred ministry in the church of Conewago, Pa., Sept. 20, 1830, being the first priest ordained by the saintly Bishop Kenrick. In speaking of entering upon the mission, Father Bradley says, " I soon after (ordination) set out from Emmittsburg, with Father Stillenger, for the Pennsyl vania mission. ... I offered up my first holy mass in the mission at Bedford on Sunday, and drove the same day thirty miles to Newry, where I said my second mass. I then drove to Loretto, and after 1 This old firm has recently been succeeded by that of McMasters & Likens. Mr. J. H. Likens, the junior member, has taught the school in Newry for the past eight years. 56 HISTORY OP BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. spending a few days with Rev. Dr. Gallitzin, I took charge of the Ebensburg congregation." Remaining at Ebensburg about two years, minister ing to the spiritual necessities of a very large district, Father Bradley was transferred to Newry, which from the beginning had been embraced within the range of his missionary labors. Writing of the foundation of the town and congregation, Father Bradley has like wise said, " The first settlers of Newry were Patrick Cassidy and Henry McConnell, who emigrated from Newry (County Down), Ireland, and laid out the town and called it Newry, after their native place, about the time that Dr. Gallitzin began his laborious mission at Loretto. It was one of Dr. Gallitzin's stations for sixteen years, or until the number of Catholic settlers increased, and they undertook to build a stone church in 1816. It was dedicated under the patronage of St. Patrick. My predecessors here were Dr. Gallitzin, Fathers McGirr, Kearns (of Chambersburg), Heyden, Archbishop Hughes, and Father O'Reilly. The old stone church was still in use when I came to Newry on the first Sunday of Advent, 1832. The present church was then in process of erection." From that date, a period of half a century, there was no change of pastors until very recently. But with Newry the good priest had many other places to visit. The church edifice, which is constructed of brick, was dedicated by Bishop Kenrick, Aug. 11, 1833. The congregation had mass at that time once in four weeks ; then as new missionary centres were formed, and the sphere of Father Bradley's labor was narrowed, the holy sacrifice was offered up twice in the month, and finally the good pastor's labors were confined, as they now have been for thirty years, to Newry alone. When Bishop O'Connor visited the congregation in 1847 it numbered, as he states in his notes, four hundred souls. About twenty-two years ago Father Bradley built a chapel for week-day masses adjoining his residence. The congregation has continued for many years, as it will in the future, gradually to in crease. The people are almost exclusively farmers, and are Irish or of Irish parentage. They have grown up around their common father, who has baptized nearly all, and has watched over them and guided them with a father's care, and they in turn, as is but right, entertain for him sentiments of filial affection. All will unite with them in wishing their good pastor many years of life before he is called to the joy of his Lord. The foregoing article, for the most part, has been copied from Rev. A. A. Lambing's " History of the Catholic Churches in the Dioceses of Pittsburgh and Allegheny," which was published in May, 1880. In the autumn of 1879, however, Rev. J. Ward was ap pointed assistant to Father Bradley, and remained until March, 1881, when he was succeeded by Rev. Richard Brown, who since June, 1881 (Rev. Father Bradley having become very feeble), has had charge. Lutheran Church. — The Newry charge of the Evangelical Lutheran Church, Rev. J. W. Hender son present pastor, is composed of the Newry congre gation, numbering two hundred and fifty, the Dun cansville congregation, numbering one hundred and forty-five, and the Claysburg congregation, number ing one hundred. Members of the Lutheran Church were among the first settlers in the vicinity, and it is altogether prob able that here, as elsewhere, Lutheran services at an early day were held in dwelling-houses and the rude log houses of the pioneer period. Yet when a regular organization was effected we have been unable to learn, there being no records available. We are satisfied however, that it transpired as early as 1815. Accord ing to the recollection of old inhabitants, the Weavers, Elijah Ferree, Andrew Baker, the Wilts, Joshua and Jacob Morgan, the Lingenfelters, Shaws, and Leigh- teys were among the early members, and among the early preachers were Rev. Mr. Schmick, Rev. Jacob Martin, Rev. Mr. Hoffman, and Rev. C: Guenther. Prior to 1820 a log church edifice, termed a " Union Church," was built in Newry, and was used for a number of years by all Protestant denominations. About 1832 the first Lutheran Church (a brick struc ture) was erected. This was occupied thereafter until 1874, when the handsome building now used by the congregation was completed at a cost of nearly three thousand dollars. Of pastors since Mr. Guenther, the names of Revs. Mr. Simons, Weaver, Eyler, Schwartz, Feichtner, Frazier, M. G. Earhart, M. G. Boyer, S. McHenry, and J. W. Henderson (the present incumbent) have been mentioned. As another item of interest, we will add that on the 25th day of August, 1853, Robert McNamara and wife granted to the deacons of the Evangelical Lutheran congregation of the Newry charge a certain tract of land lying in the village of Newry, the deacons mentioned being Daniel Beigle, J. Morgan, Abraham Yingling, John Diehl, and Peter Winkler, of Juniata township ; Rudolph Spang and George H. Harker, of Greenfield township ; and Ja cob G. Dively and Samuel Shaffer, of Union town ship, Bedford Co. CHAPTER XIII. BOROUGH OF HOLLIDAYSBURG. Standing near the base of the eastern slope of the Alleghenies, and on the left bank of the Beaver Dam Branch of the historic Juniata, is the borough of Hol lidaysburg. It is situated in the northern part of Blair township, occupies a central position in the civil division (Blair County) of which it is the seat of jus tice, and derives its name from the brothers Adam and William Holliday, who became the first settlers of its immediate locality during the year 1768. HOLLIDAYSBUKGH. UNION 90 83 88 87 36 8S kl 84- 83 * 8Z k. 8/ 80 79 W A Y N E 60 S3 S8 57 56 55 SS sz. s / so ¦4-9 MONTGOMERY 30 13 18 27 26 IS ^¦7t K Z3 O5 zz -j Zl zo 19 FRONT S T . 66 65 64 &3 62- 6/ .S T. -?2- 4-/ -4-0 39 38 37 S T. S T 7 \ *. 8 9 la 10 II li. 5 O FT WIDE 7i 71 v. k. 70 o 69 Co 68 67 50 F T 36 r- ki 35 ki 34- . (mer chants) 2,240 McCormick, Alexander 8 McDonough, George (shoe maker) 108 McGlathery, Samnel 100 Moore, Silas & T. B 1,400 McDade, Arthur 100 Moore, Thomas B. (mer- ; chant) 2,448 Morrow, Jos. W. (butcher)... 128 Mnore, JohnBton 1,600 McCune, Benj. S. (livery man) 88 Mufty & Hughes 150 McCue, Bernard (boatman).. 168 McCue, Michael (boatman).. 100 McDonald, Owen's estate 700 McKee. Robert R 200 Mullz, Jacob (tailor) 12 McNamara, Robert's estate.. 700 Martin, Charles (cartnian)... 40 Martin, Juhn (paintei) 1,008 McAllister, Patrick 200 McGuire, John (laborer) 300 McOrea, Charles (machinist) 608 McMurtrie, Robert A. (at torney) 1,600 Moss, Henry (silversmith)... 106 Martin, Robert L. (shoe maker) 108 McNally, Peter (merchant tailor) 2,688 Valuation. McGtaer, John E. (physician) $590 McSparren, Arch, (laborer). 50 Mmice, Adam (laborer)..,.... 98 McCauley, Michael (laborer) 648 Martin, John B 50 Montgomery, Hugh 100 McGuire, Levi (clerk) 130 McFadden, Archibald (con tractor) 1,518 McFarlane, G. R. (associate judge and foundryman)... 590 McKee, Johnston (peddler).. 50 McOulla, Roddy (laborer).... 50 McCormick, William C. (col lector of tolls) 508 McLanahan, James C. (mer chant, etc.) 1,900 Miller, Samuel C. (tailor).... 800 Moore, Silas' estate 10,:io0 McCahan, James A 2,800 McCullough, John (laborer). 400 Mench, Abraham (laborer).. 108 Morgan, Patiick (laburer)... 58 McCafferty, Alexander (cart- man) 58 Murray, Thomas (laborer)... 50 McClure, John (iiuatmnn).... 50 Major, Joseph A. (butcher).. 68 McLaughlin, Randall (cab inet-maker) 100 Morrison, Juhn 100 McCahan, James (boatman). 50 Moraii, John (boatman) 50 Mills, John E. (shoemaker).. 100 Miller, Joseph 50 McMurtrie, David 150 Moore, John W 100 McCormick, Robert (den tist) 750 Murdick, James 50 McLaughlin, Charles 100 Murphy, John (shoemaker;. 500 McCoy, Hugh (laborer) 50 McCoy, Patrick F 100 Mahony, John 100 Nevin, Juhn 250 Neumaher, Solomon 50 Nelson, William (boatman).. 588 O'Neil, James 58 Olm-stead, Anthony 58 Orr, Mary 600 O'Brien, James (laborer) 58 Owens, James (boatman) 50 O'Friel, Bernard's estate 800 O'Friel, Marcella 208 Owens, Joseph 50 O'Dell, John 50 Patterson, George W. (mer chant) 450 Patterson, Henry L. (ware house) 2,500 Penluw, Maria 200 Port, George (groceryman).. 100 Patterson, Thomas (bo-s on canal) 40 Pircher, Jacob (tailor) 300 Putts, George (weighmas- ter) 300 " Pennsylvania and Ohio Line," per Thomas Mc Dowell & Co 400 Rigger, Joseph 100 Riley, Michael 300 Rony, Arthur (teamster) 688 Reamey, Daniel K. (carpen ter) v 1,150 Rock, Adam (shoemaker).... 108 Reed, Joseph (chair-maker j. 700 Rhodes, Samuel (merchant). 200 Robbins, George W. (black smith) 308 Ray, John A (cooper) 100 Royer, Samuel (clerk) 21C Robison, William (of Ohio).. 600 Rorabacher, Bryuu (boat man) 676 Rea, James D. (merchant)... 200 Richards, Simon 1,000 Royer & McLanahau (for warding merchants) 2,000 Riddlo, Marion 500 Robeson, James W 250 Rorabacher, Richard (boat man) 50 Ruth, Peter 100 Rodgers, Joel L. (laborer)... 50 Reynolds, William, Jr. (inn keeper) 208 Reynolds, William, Sr 8 Shoenberger, Peter. 6,900 Shoenberger, Bell & Wilson. 8,700 Stoufer, Jonathan (tailor).... 108 Valuation. Snyder, Jacob (druggist) $258 Scott, Rosanna 300 Shomo, William & Solomon. 700 Steinman, John (clerk) 58 Shomo, William (hatter) 2,308 Storm, H. J. (teacher) 500 Slingluff, Henry 1,800 Springer, Heury (brewer)... 100 Shomo. Solumon (black smith) 8 Smith, Martin (stone-mason) 50 Shank, Matthias (laborer)... 258 Smith, Juhn 250 Stoner, Christian 30 Shomo, Henry's estate 400 Sharrer, Sam'l (boat-builder) 2,208 Stone, Andrew P. (moulder). 58 Stewart, James. 100 Stevens, George (boatman)... 58 Stoufer, Samuel S. (carpen ter) 450 Seibert, George 58 Smith, Samuel 50 Shomo (William), Orbison & Taylor 1,000 Stewart, Henry P 50 Smith, Matthew 100 Smith, Jacub H. (cabinet maker) 100 Shaw, Samuel 100 Stroub, Samuel 60 Snyder, Jacob (cartmau) 50 Sickenberger, Sebastian's es tate 200 Thompson, Nancy 2,500 Taylor, Joseph (boatman).... 160 Thompson, John (boat- builder) 108 Taylor, Jacob's estate 2,200 Tiernan, Peter 68 Troutuer, Andrew 50 Trilms, Bartholomew 58 Thomas, William (carpen ter) 600 Tate, Gwin (blacksmith) 175 Ullery, Daniel (laborer) 108 tt t.- r. Valuation. Urbm, George ^)0 Union Line, per P. Graff &^. -*, Co 400 Ullery, Juhn 250 Vantries, Abraham (asses- x""- sur) """"OS Walls, Martin (laborer) 200 Wiilensall, Jacob (carpen- *«'*) 300 Wells, Juhn (painter) ion Williams. Lewis H. (clerk).. 50 Walker, John (president of bunk) 4n8 Williams, Robert (merchant) l,fi40 Willamon, Jacob 70Q Ward, William W. (baker)... 100 Wighaman, George (shoe maker) 10(> Williams, John (machinist) 400 Wilson, Solomon (black- sniith) 453 WiKhaman, John (butcher). 300 Wiley, John (boatman) 600 Wiley, Benjamin (boatman) 58 Western Transportation Co., per D. Leech & Co 400 Williams, William, Esq. (cashier of bank) 10800 Warefield, John (black smith) 100 WidenBall, Henry (carpen ter) * 500 White, Elijah 50 Weare, Emanuel (painter)... 50 Wescoit, Rev. Henry 40 Ward, Martin (stonemason) 50 Winters, Philip iqu Williamson, Samuel(wagon- maker) 100 White, Thomas, Esq 2,000 Wilson, John (tinner) 240 Wagoner, Augustus..'. 50 Walters, Englebert 50 Zigler, Jacob (laborer) 58 Zeek, Peter (laborer) 50 Single Freemen. Adams, Samuel, clerk, Armstrong, John. Butler, John. Barr, William M., carpenter. Bingham, George. Bouslongh, Michael H., clerk. Boggs, T. P., clerk. Barbour, James, tinman. Braner, John. Blair, William. Brotherlin, Christopher. Barber, Samuel G. Brown, Thomas, saddler. Caldwell, Hugh A., school-teacher. Campbell, John T. Cromwell, James, cartman. Cunning, Charles. Coffey, Titian I., attorney. Clabaugh, Thomas. Clossin, Alexander N., carpenter. Donaldson, James N. Drips, Robert C. Downey, John, clerk. Doyle, Michael. Dorris, William, Jr., Esq. Dook, David. Evaus, David. Eberman, Edmund S., candy- maker. Edward, David. Ferren, William. Furrey, Juhn, carpenter. Forbes, William, clerk. Fry, Stephen. Froor, Willinm. Fell, Jacob, tailor. Groves, Jesse, stone-cutter. Gripson, William. Groves, William, Jr., stone-cutter. Groves, Charles, stone-cutter. Garrity, William. Guist, Jonathan. Gill, Joseph. Good, Samuel. Hansell, William. Holliday, A. L., clerk. Heard, Thomas, Bhoemaker. Hopkins, Turner, saddler. Hook, John, Baddler. Hartline, Jacob. Horrell, Robert. Irvin, James. Innes, John C, clerk. Johnston, Robert, clerk. Kinports, Gideon, clerk. Knapp, John. Kettle, William. Kerr, John L. Keasy, Patrick. KeaBy, William. Lloyd, Alexander, clerk. Lindsay, Alexander, boatman, Lindsay, Ephraim. Lindsay, Garber, bricklayer. Lowry, Capt. Robert, inn-keeper. Lowry, Christian Q., clerk. Lindsay, Jesse, druggist. Miller, Henry, tailor. McKillip, Rubert, inn-keeper, McCluskey, Thomas. Moore, James. McCue, Dennis, boatman. McNally, Johu. Miller, John. McLaughlin, Mark, Jr. McGillon, Thomas. Monce, Nicholas. McDowell, Thomas. moililmbawseiujir® segsiokiaiiw, BOROUGH OF HOLLIDAYSBURG. 67 BcCulla, Patrick. McCulla, Francis. McCugh, Edward, boatman. Martin, James. O'Friel, James. Prescott, Nathaniel. Piper, William K. Ryan, ThomaB. Robinson, Alexander, bank clerk. Reed, Samuel. Borabacher, William, boatman. Eefnor, Benjamin. Smith, Auesly. Smith, Jacob It. Smith, Andrew, saddler. Swigart, George. Smith, Hayden, architect. Stoue, William, moulder. Stullman, Henry. Sheets, Frederick A. Swartzwelter, Isaac. Taylor, William C. Thompson, Audrew, bartender. Taman, James. Tompkins, John, carpenter. Van Camp, John, boatman. Vantries, Henry S., silversmith. Wilhelm, David. White, John. Walker, John B., feed merchant. Wilson, A. P., Esq., non.resident. White, John. Wake, Henry. Young, Levi, plasterer. Toung, John, plasterer. Zigler, Jacob. Kossuth in Hollidaysburg.— On Saturday, Jan. 17, 1852, the distinguished Hungarian, Louis Kos suth, and suite, visited Hollidaysburg, and remained until the following Monday. He was welcomed at the Mountain House — which stood at the Portage Intersection, or near what is now known as the " Y Switches" — by four or five hundred citizens. Under the escort of Judge George R. McFarlane and Wil liam Shomo, of the committee of arrangements, he proceeded from the cars to the dining-room of the hotel, and sat down to a banquet at which were pres ent some two hundred citizens. After dinner the doors were thrown open and others thronged in. Governor Kossuth was then introduced by Col. David M. Hofius, who in an eloquent speech characteristic of the speaker tendered the distin guished visitor, on behalf of his fellow-citizens, a- hearty welcome and assurances of their warmest re gard for him personally, their deep sympathy for his betrayed and down-trodden country, and their unal terable devotion to the cause of liberty everywhere. Governor Kossuth, in a speech of more than half an hour's duration, replied in most eloquent terms. Cheers were thereupon proposed by Judge McFar lane for Kossuth, the rightful Governor of Hungary, and by Dr. Harry T. Coffey for " giving powder and ball to Russia." Thaddeus Banks, Esq., on behalf of the committee to receive contributions of " material aid,'' presented to the Governor a purse containing over two hundred dollars in gold, while Judge McFarlane offered to make for him fifty tons of cannon balls, and would deliver them whenever called upon. The Governor was the guest of Judge McFarlane while he remained, an,d on Sunday, accompanied by his friends, he attended divine service at the Lutheran Church, where Rev. Lloyd Knight officiated. Gas-Works.— The Hollidaysburg Gas and Water Company was incorporated by an act of the Assembly approved March 16, 1854, but was not fully organized until April, 1856. No attempt was made at that time to introduce water. The capital stock of the company was forty thousand dollars. During the spring of the latter year a contract was made with L. R. Titus, of Trenton, N. J., for furnishing and laying pipes and constructing the works, at a cost of thirty thousand dollars. The first officers of the company were Thomas C. McDowell, president; J. R. Crawford, secretary ; and Thomas Bingham and William Mc Farland, directors. They held their positions until June, 1856, when R. M. Lemon was elected president ; R. B. Johnston, treasurer ; and Thomas C. McDowell, secretary, the managers being Jesse R. Crawford, Thomas Bingham, and Dr. Joseph A. Landis. The work was pushed forward vigorously, and in October, 1856, the patrons of the company were supplied with a good article of gas. The works at the present time are controlled by Maj. William Williams, of Holli daysburg. Hollidaysburg Female Seminary. — The building known as the Hollidaysburg Female Seminary is one of the finest in this part of the State, and was com pleted in 1869. Erected by a joint-stock company, it cost as it now stands about seventy-five thousand dollars. It is built of stone, is four stories in height, and has a frontage of one hundred and fifty feet, and a depth of one hundred and sixty feet. It contains, in addition to a large and commodious school-hall, a laboratory, recitation-, reading-, music-, and art-rooms, besides apartments for the principal and his family, and dormitories for boarding pupils. The location of the seminary .building, on an elevated campus, the grounds embracing four or five acres, is a beautiful one, commands fine views in every direction, and in point of healthfulness is unexcelled. While in no sense sectarian, the school is in the best sense moral and Christian. The work is thorough, broad, and liberal, in recognition of the fact that the sphere of woman's activity and usefulness is con stantly widening. From the opening of. the seminary (in 1869) to the present time Rev. Joseph.Waugh and Professor W. P. Hussey have served as principals, the former continuously from 1869 to September, 1877. The reader is referred to a paragraph in the history of the Presbyterian Church for other particulars con cerning the seminary. County Jail. — The new jail was completed in 1869, and the magnificent new court-house in 1877 ; however, as these buildings and kindred matters are mentioned at considerable length in other pages of this work, and as we have now brought up the history of the borough to a period within the recollection of school children of the present time, further topics relating to the annals of the town will be found in succeeding pages under separate headings. The principal borough officers have been as fol lows: CHIEF BURGESSES. James Coffey, 1836-38; James C. McLanahan, 1840-43; George E. Mc Farlane, 1844-48; Kobert B. Juhnston, 1851; David Watson, 1854- 57; William Jack, 1860; Thomas McFarlane, 1863-69; John A. Lemon, 1872; John H. Law, 1875; John Suckling, 1878; C. G. Lowry, 1881. 68 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. MEMBERS OF TOWN COCNCIL. 1836.— Suttle F. Henry, David Mitchell, John Walker, William McFar land, Joseph Reed. 1837.— Suttle F. Henry, John Walker, David Mitchell, Joseph Reed, John Bingham. 1838.— John Walker, S. F. Hetfry, David Mitchell, John Bingham, John Lytle. 1839.— William Donaldson, James Arthur, Elliot Long.t 1840. — David Goodfellow, James Gardner, Nicholas Hewit, Michael Kelly, George Dunmire. 1841. — Michael Kelly, David Goodfellow, James Gardner, Nicholas Hewit, George Dunmire. 1842.— Michael Kelly, James Coffey, Robert Williams, Elliot Long, John Cox. 1843.— Michael Kelly, Nicholas Hewitt Charles Hughes, Robert Wil liams, John Cox. 1844. — Henry Learner, Thomas B. Moore, Thomas Bingham, John Hemp hill, George Port. 1845. — John Hemphill, James Gardner, David Goodfellow, Daniel Hewit, Joseph Kemp. 1846. — Joseph Kemp, John Hemphill, James Gardner, Daniel Hewit, David Goodfellow. 1847.— Robert Williams, Daniel Hewit, E. M. Bigham, Jacob Widensall, John Martin. 1848. — Thomas B. Moore, John Hemphill, Henry Lloyd, Charles R. Mc- Crea, David Goodfellow, Jacob Widensall. 1849. — Benjamin Lewis, John Thompson. 1850.— Samuel S. Blair, J. M. McCord. 1851.— David Hewit, Jr., Martin Ward. 1852. — Thomas Bingham, John Dougherty. 1853. — Alexander L. Holliday, R. M. Lemon. 1854.— William McFarland, John McClure, 1855. — James C. McLanahan, Jesse Wingate. 1856. — David Hewit, Jr., John Dougherty. 1857. — Turner B. Hopkins, George B. Bowers, Daniel Bollinger. 1858. — Jonathan D. Leet, Anthony Vowinckel. 1859.— John McClure, John C. West. 1860. — David K. Reamey, William Johnston. 1861. — Anthony Vowinckel, William G. Murray. 1862. — David Watson, Joseph Baldrige, Joseph Reed. 1863.— Albert F. Osterloh, Jesse Wiugate.s 1864. — Andrew Myers, James H. Creamer. 1865.— David Watson, Joseph Baldrige. 1866. — Joseph H. Blackburn, John Brawley. 1867. — Andrew Myers, C. Howard Porter. 1868.— David W'atson, Joseph Baldrige. 1869. — John Brawley, Joseph H. Blackburn. 1870. — Henry L. Bunker, Michael Walls, 1871.— Martin L. Stehley, William C. Bayley. 1872. — Joseph Van Allman, Gabriel Bender. 1873.— E. E. Locke, Jr., Thomas Thompson, G. C. Statler. 1874.— Francis McCoy, 0. A. Traugh, Anthony S. Morrow. 1875.— A. F. Osterloh, J. E. Thompson. 1876. — Thomas B. Lewis, Simon Baird. 1877. — A. L. Dieffenbacher, Charles Vowinckel. 1878.— J. B. Gifford, Thomas Kinney. 1879.— Thomas B. Lewis, F. W. Morton. 1880.— A. L. Dieffenbacher, William C. Bayley. 1881.— John W. Bracken, C. Howard Porter. CLERKS. Alexander McCormick, 1836; Louis H. Williams, 1837; John Davis, 1838-43, inclusive; Louis H. Williams, 1844-45; Joseph Kemp, 1846; Robert Williams, 1847; John Hemphill, 1848-49; Samuel S. Blair, 1850-52, inclusive; Alexander L. Holliday, 1850-55, inclusive; Louis H. Williams,'' 1856, to December, 1863; J. G. Isenberg, De cember, 1863, to April, 1864; H. M. Baldrige, April, 1864, to April, 1874 ; Frederick Jaeckel, 1874-75 ; George A. Dobyne, 1876-81, in clusive. 1 Elected April 20, 1839, to fill vacancies occasioned by the resignations of MesBrs. Mitchell, Lytle, and Bingham. 2 Resigned April 4, 1843, when John Penn Jones was elected to fill vacancy. 8 0. A. Traugh, elected to fill vacancy June 3, 1865, vice Wingate, re signed. * Died in December, 1863. TREASURERS. James McCahan, 1836-37; William Williams, 1838-44, inclusive; George R. McFarlane, Robert B. Johnston, and David Watson (burgesses) 1845-59, inclusive. Hon. Augustus S. Landis, the present treasurer and solicitor of the borough, has served in such capacities since 1860. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE (SINCE 1846). George W. Johnston, commissioned in 1847; Jacob L. Slentz and John Cox, 1850; John Gorley, 1854; John Cox, 1855 ; John Gorley, 1859* George B. Bowers, 1860; John Gorley, 1864; Jonathan D. Leet 1865; Jacob Mattern, 1869; Jonathan D. Leet, 1870; John R. Mc Farlane, 1874; Jonathan D. Leet, 1875; Sebastian Fleischer, 1879- C. G. Lowry, 1880. Postmasters.— It is probable that William Holli day, the first settler on the Gaysport side of the river, was the first one to hold the position of postmaster in this vicinity, for his name, followed by "P.M.," is found attached to a document of date May 29, 1779. John Holliday (son of Adam) was postmaster during the administrations of Madison and Monroe, and probably of part of that of John Quincy Adams. He was followed by Dr. James Coffey. Peter Hewit served during the first part of Jackson's administra tion, and was followed by Samuel Moore and William McFarland. The latter continued through a portion of Jackson's and the whole of Van Buren's term. Dr. James Coffey was appointed by President Harri son, John Gorley by James K. Polk, and Rev. J. P. Rockafellow by Gen. Taylor. Mr. Rockafellow's health becoming poor, he was unable to discharge the duties of the office, and was succeeded by Joseph Baldrige. Col. William G. Murray was appointed by President Pierce in 1853, and was continued during ¦Buchanan's term. James Bingham was appointed by President Lincoln in 1861, and continued until 1869 or 1870, when John Lingafelt was commissioned by Gen. Grant. He continued until his death (which occurred in the spring of 1879), when his son, the present incumbent, was appointed. Fire Department.— February, 1837, the borough authorities purchased from F. E. Phelps, of Windsor, Vt., the first fire-engine, and during the same year Jacob Taylor built an engine-house, for which he re ceived seventy-five dollars. The engine cost two hun dred and fifty dollars. It was an odd-looking, queerly- constructed " mud-box," and proved to be of but little value when tried. In December, 1837,5 an attempt was made to organize a fire department and to supply means to subdue a conflagration in case the borough, then a rapidly-growing town, should be threatened with such a disaster. No regular fire organization was effected, however, until Jan. 26, 1838. The citizens then met at the 6 An effort was made at the same time to form a joint-stock company for the purpose of supplying the borough with water, Joseph Craw ford, Esq., Hon. Josepli Adams, Rudolph Williams, David Mitchell, and Robert Williams being the committee appointed to procure from the State Legislature an act of incorporation tor the said company. Their efforts proved fulile though, if, indeed, anything further was done. Thirty years later the fond dream of these public-spirited citizens was realized, but none of the committee named were present to witness the joyous occasion. BOROUGH OF HOLLIDAYSBURG. 69 United States Hotel, and a company was formed and a determination evinced to procure a good engine. But no engine was procured, and the company organ ized proved to be nothing more than a " bucket bri gade." In the winter of 1840-41 the Diamond Engine Company was organized, and really this was the first fire company of the borough. It was then resolved to procure two good engines. A vote on the subject was taken, and the tax-payers were almost unanimously in favor of the purchase ; therefore, in July, 1841, the Council, through its committee, pur chased of John Agnew, of Philadelphia, two fire- engines, for which they agreed to pay Mr. Agnew the sum of nine hundred and fifty dollars1 each. These engines were named the " Juniata" and the "Allegheny." The " Juniata'' arrived, via the canal, in September, 1841, but the " Allegheny" was not received until April 9, 1842. These engines, when kept in good repair, performed efficient service for many years, but at last the people desired something better, and in the spring of 1871 the steamer " Phoenix" was purchased of its manufacturers, L. Button & Son, Waterford, N. Y., at a cost of two thousand and twenty-five dollars. It has rendered excellent ser vice, and is now in charge of a company composed of some of the best citizens in the borough. Besides the Phoenix organization, the town boasts of the Allegheny Hook-and-Ladder Company, who have a good truck of modern style ; the Good Will Hose Company, with a first-class carriage ; and also a hose-carriage, managed by the Phoenix steamer company. Taken all in all, the Hollidaysburg fire department is not only quite complete in its equip ment, etc., but is a credit to the borough and those having the management of corporate affairs. The Phcenix Steam Fire-Engine Company was formed March 1,1871, and incorporated May 4th of the same year. Among its corporate or original members were John W. Goodfellow, William S. Mc Clain, John T. Akers, Thomas W.Jackson, Dr. W. C. Roller; John R. Bohn, L. L. Reamey, Thomas B. Rea, S. P. Barr, James D. Hopkins, Philip Williams, W. H. H. Young, Frank Glessner, A. R. Traugh, James Lingafelt, C. H. Dannals, C. S. Allen, Frank West, George Gibbs, Charles Reed, Clarence Simpson, 8. G. Barr, William S. Buxton, S. M. Rhule, John Murray, Hugh Craig, J. D. Hemphill, A. C. Milliken, James Dunn, William Crawford, I. Bollinger, Frank Mc- Gillan, John McKay, and William Ritz. . The present members (September, 1881) are G. B. Bowers, president ; C. A. McFarland, first vice-presi dent; J. L. Brawley, second vice-president; S. M. Rhule, secretary; A. C. Reed, financial secretary; J. W. Goodfellow, treasurer ; Frank McGillan, first engineer; (J. A. Rohrer, second engineer; E. F. White, third engineer ; Dr. W. C. Roller, T. H. Lewis, P. W. Snyder, E. Seasoltz, A. M. Roller, J. C. Mc- 1 As late as 1863 only one-half of the Aguew claim had been paid. Cahan, F. W. Thompson, H. H. Wright, A. R. Traugh, R. E. Brawley, G. Y. Barr, J. D. Hemphill, A. J. Mckee, William P. Wood, J. C. Akers, T. G. Johnston, J. A. Baird, I. W. Bollinger, G. C. Mc Cahan, M. A. Bollinger, J. C. Adams, Thomas Rooney, Thomas Gorley, 0. M. Gardner, H. H. Jack, Joseph Rollins, H. K. Babcock, H. M. Henshey, P. H. Walker, C. H. Smith, J. M. Wright, Craig Ham mond, John T. Akers, E. Gerst, H. A. Miller, 0. Fay, James P. Stewart,2 W. Irvin Woodcock, and John Cliber. The Allegheny Hook-and-Ladder Company was incorporated June 18, 1872. Its present officers, elected in February, 1882, are William Hartsock, president; James Quinn, vice-president; William Hays, secretary ; John McGraw, treasurer ; John O'Connor, recorder; James Quinn, Charles Woods, David Wallace, John O'Connor, Peter and William Faunan, directors ; John McGraw, L. Heilmire, and J. Meintel, trustees; John Hart, George Miller, Charles Wood, David Wallace, and John Filtz, elect ing committee. The Good Will Hose Company was incorpo rated Dec. 20, 1880. On the 1st of September, 1881, the name was changed by order of court to that of " The Good Will Steam Fire-Engine and Hose Com pany, No. 2, of Hollidaysburg." Notable Conflagrations.— Although Hollidays burg has had its share of fires and fire-alarms, it has until quite recently been peculiarly fortunate respect ing the losses sustained. About four o'clock p.m. on the 14th day of April, 1880, a fire, evidently the work of an incendiary, originated in an unoccupied barn, formerly used as a livery-stable by Charles Hewit, located on Wayne between Allegheny and Mulberry Streets, which for a time threatened the destruction of a large portion of the town. The buildings destroyed were the double cottage house owned by the Rollins brothers; green-house, photograph gallery, and dwelling of Frank Proctor; the large brick house on the corner of Allegheny and Penn Streets, owned by Dr. C. Irwin, and occupied by Dr. D. S. Hays ; also two frame houses adjoining, owned by Dr. Irwin, and a brick house owned by William Thomas, of Altoona, and a small house owned and occupied by the Widow Lewis ; also stables of A. L. Holliday, J. Berckheimer, Samuel McFad den, Hon. Thaddeus Banks, Samuel Milliken, Wil liam Williams, A. F. Osterloh, William Gardner, James Patton, Mrs. Reynolds, Col. John A. Lemon, G. I. Davis, J. M. Kinport, C. G. Lowry, McFarlane heirs, the stables on the Dr. Irwin lots, and the Wil liam Thomas lots, and two others. A large number of out-houses, sheds, grape-arbors, fences, etc., were also either broken, burned, or sadly damaged. The 2 James P. Stewart has served as chief engineer of the Hollidaysburg fire department since November, 1877. His predecessor was James F. Milliken, Esq. 70 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. losses amounted to about twenty thousand dollars, upon which there was about ten thousand dollars of insurance. Water Supply. — As early as 1837 an attempt was made to organize a company for the purpose of sup plying the borough with water-works, but the project failed. In 1854 the question was again agitated, for we find, by referring to the proceedings of the Town Council, that on the 19th of August of that year, Thomas Bingham, "at the request of numerous in habitants," offered a resolution, which proposed that an election be held to decide " whether ten thousand dollars should be subscribed by the burgess and Coun cil (and they to levy a tax for the same) towards the capital stock of the Hollidaysburg Water Company." This resolution was adopted in Council, but nothing more was done at that time concerning an additional water supply, copious rains, doubtless, having dam pened the people's ardor. By an act of the State Legislature, approved March 16, 1866, the borough authorities were empowered to construct the present water-works, issue bonds, etc., and Messrs. James Gardner, William Jack, James Condron, John L. Humphill, and Thaddeus Banks were appointed, in addition to the burgess and Coun cil, a board of water commissioners to order and superintend the construction of the works. On the 24th day of January, 1867, an agreement was entered into by which the firm of Woodward (J. A.) & Farrington (T. R.), Williamsport, Pa., stipu lated to furnish pipe and other fixtures at a certain price, and the same day it was resolved that the sum of forty thousand dollars be borrowed, for which the borough should issue its bonds. Contracts for haul ing, excavating, etc., were made with various parties March 25, 1867, and thenceforth, under the superin tendence of Mr. Brawley, the work progressed rapidly. The well or reservoir, on the seminary lot, adjoining Union Street, was located May 20, 1867, and during the fall of the same year the pure water from Brush Mountain leaped from the borough hydrants. The first schedule of water rates was issued Jan. 25, 1868. At the same time James Gardner was ap pointed receiver of water rents, and it was further ordered that consumers be charged from January 1st of that year. For the exclusive right of using the waters of Roaring Run, Thaddeus Banks, Esq., was paid the sum of $150. The firm of Woodward & Far rington was paid $33,283.21, and to July 25, 1868, Augustus S. Landis, as treasurer, had paid out more than $50,000. During recent years it has been found necessary to replace a large portion of the original pipes — which were constructed of wood, iron, coal tar, and native bitumen — with iron ones ; and it has also been demonstrated that while the water from Roaring Run is of tbe most excellent quality, the supply during dry seasons is not sufficient to meet the ordinary re quirements of borough residents. Military Organizations, Encampments, etc.— The Washington Grays, the first military company ever formed in Hollidaysburg, was organized Oct. 5, 1839, its original officers being Maj. William W. Williams, captain ; Dr. J. A. Landis, first lieutenant; and Hon. George R. McFarlane, second lieutenant. The best citizens of the town were in its ranks. It was neatly uniformed, and the people boasted that theirs was one of, the best-drilled companies in the State. During the week commencing Monday, Oct. 18, 1841, the borough was delighted with its first military encampment. The companies in attendance, in addi tion to the home company (the Grays), were the Bed ford Artillery, Capt. Reamer ; the Independent Grays, of Bedford, Capt. Arnold; the Cambria Guards, Capt. William A. Smith; the Williamsburg Light Infantry, Capt. McKiernan ; and the Union Cavalry, Capt. Bell. The troops encamped on the flat (known then and for many subsequent years as the "Race-Course"),1 and were under the command of Maj. William W. Williams ; Maj. Taliaferro, of Bedford, being the second officer in rank. On Thursday the ladies of Hollidaysburg gave a sumptuous dinner to their uniformed guests. The table was spread in Market Square, extended from Wayne Street to Union, and was loaded with all the delicacies the country afforded. After the soldiers and a large concourse of citizens and citizen guests had partaken of the bounteous repast, three times three hearty cheers were given for the ladies, followed by appropriate music by the bands in attendance. Gen. Coinpher and Maj. Washabaugh, of Bedford, reviewed and inspected the troops during the encamp ment. Another grand military encampment was held in the town commencing Oct. 11, 1843. The affair ab sorbed all of the public attention for the time. Even the great and mighty questions involved in the polit ical campaign then pending were for the time being forgotten, and the town, especially the female portion of it, was in a whirlpool of excitement. Preparations were made on a grand scale for the entertainment of guests, and the following hotels were in readiness, and did entertain to their entire satisfaction the large number of strangers thronging the town during that eventful week, viz. : The People's House, William Donaldson; American House, James M. Hewit; Washington Hotel, Capt. Joseph Hammer; Canal and Railroad Exchange, D. H. Moore; Juniata Hotel, Col. J. R. Johnston; United States Hotel, John Dougherty; Temperance Hotel (Gaysport), Mrs. Stackpole ; Gaysport Inn, John Law ; Perry Hotel, William Barr; and the Boarding-House, Gideon Marlett. The camp was located on the beautiful slope of the Jackson (now Smith) farm facing the town, and was 1 Now owned by Col. William Jack. BOROUGH OF HOLLIDAYSBURG. 71 named Camp Warren. Seventeen companies and as many bands were in attendance, well uniformed, fully equipped, and as proficient in drill and disci pline as such organizations are supposed to be. The companies were divided into two regiments, numbered the First and Second. Capt. R. C. Hale was elected colonel of the First Regiment, Capt. W. W. Williams was made colonel of the Second, while Capt. Alexan der L. Holliday was elected quartermaster of the brigade. Col. Williams was a gallant-looking offi cer, 'tis said, military from crown to foot. On Sunday morning one regiment attended divine service at the Methodist Episcopal Church, while the other attended at the Presbyterian house of worship. In the afternoon the entire brigade marched to the Presbyterian Church and listened to an appropriate discourse by Rev. Dr. David McKinney from the text found in Proverbs xii. 2 : "A good man obtaineth favor of the Lord ; but a man of wicked devices will he condemn." Governor David R. Porter was also a visitor at the encampment, and reviewed the. troops. The commencement of hostilities with Mexico in 1846 put a quietus on military organizations in Hol lidaysburg for a time, as well as in other localities. Although the Grays did not go to Mexico as an or ganization, several of the company volunteered and helped to fill the ranks of the Second Regiment Penn sylvania Volunteers, where they acquitted themselves in a manner characteristic of that military spirit of which they gave evidence in their holiday parades. At one time after the Mexican war the town boasted of three fully-equipped, well-drilled companies; these were the Emmet Guards, the Hollidaysburg Fencibles, and the Juniata Rifles. Prior to the formation of these organizations, however, there existed for a brief pe riod a plu'cky little company called the Hollidays burg Guards, but they were more Commonly known .as the Twelve Apostles. This company was officered by George Bingham, captain ; William Stone, first lieutenant; and W. F. McFarland, second lieuten ant. It had a good band of music and a very becom ing uniform, but it was extremely difficult to induce the members to turn out on muster-day. The com pany never failed to turn out on the 8th of January to celebrate Gen. Jackson's victory at New Orleans; but muster they would not, except at the risk of bul lets, and frequently the entire column would consist only of from twelve to fifteen muskets, hence the name of the Twelve Apostles. Railroad War. — During the building of the tun nel in 1850-51, the Irish laborers there engaged raised a little war among themselves, which was of such magnitude that the Pennsylvania Railroad Com pany could not settle the dispute or cause a cessation of hostilities. The military had to be called upon, and the Hollidaysburg Guards responded promptly. Forty rounds of ball cartridges were issued to each man, the knapsacks were supplied with the necessary clothing and blankets, and five days' cooked rations filled the haversacks. They were in the field three days, and did not leave until the last infuriated Con- naughtman or Orangeman had surrendered his shot gun, laid down his " shillalah," and returned to his work, the blasting of rocks in the tunnel. The com pany was under fire, and the " battle of Bennington" caused considerable sensation. The Guards captured thirty-three prisoners. Soon after this experience the noble and gallant little company ceased to have an existence. About the year 1856, Col. D. H. HofEus organized the Hollidaysburg Fencibles, and assumed command as captain. He was a distinguished and highly-re spected lawyer, then enjoying a large and lucrative practice at the bar, and was besides one of Hollidays- burg's leading citizens. He had passed through the Mexican war, serving as a lieutenant, and was proud of his military record. The Fencibles were a good company, and the citizens were proud of it. In its ranks were some of the best young men in the com munity. On one occasion the ladies of the borough presented the company a beautiful and valuable silk flag. The Juniata Rifles were organized Oct. 22, 1858, with A. M. Lloyd as captain. This was also a first- class company, and merited the praise and approba tion of their fellow-citizens. They had their en campments and their festive days, their competitive drills, frolics, and fun until the early spring of 1861. The American firmament was then overhung by dark clouds, the " cannon's opening roar" was heard at Sumter, the nation suddenly sprang to arms, and the days of "Sunday soldiering" were ended. The Hol lidaysburg companies (the Fencibles and Rifles) re sponded promptly to the first call for troops. Indeed, the Rifles had resolved as early as the 22d of Febru ary to accept tbe call of the Governor, and to be ready for active service at a moment's notice. There fore when the Governor's telegram was received on the evening of the 13th of April, 1861, calling upon the Rifles and Fencibles to march at once in defense of their flag and country, they were ready, and before the sun sank below the western horizon on the 20th of that month they had been mustered into the United States service at Harrisburg, and were hasten ing on towards Washington. The Fencibles took the field under the command of Capt. F. P. Minier (their former commander, the brave and much-lamented Capt. David H. Hoffius, having died in July, 1859), while John R. McFarlane and Thomas McFarlane, respectively, served as first and second lieutenants. They were given the post of honor in the Third Regiment of Pennsylvania In fantry, having been designated Company A. Imme diately after the organization of the regiment Capt. Minier was commissioned colonel and appointed to its command. The Juniata Rifles, under the com mand of Capt. A. M. Lloyd, First Lieut. Chris tian N. Snyder, and Second Lieut. Stephen C. Potts, 72 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. was designated Company H, and assigned to the Second Regiment of Pennsylvania Infantry. Lieut. Potts was killed in the first battle of Fredericksburg, fought Dec. 13 and 14, 1863, while acting as adjutant of his regiment, the Sixty-second Pennsylvania. The Lloyds and Moores figured among the pioneers of Huntingdon County, Pa., in a very prominent way. The first of the Lloyds in Huntingdon County came from Virginia, but just at what time cannot be posi tively said. Of the Moores, the progenitor of the name in tbe county made his settlement therein as early as 1730. Thomas Lloyd, of McConnellstown, married a daughter of William Moore, and there passed his life. He was reared a farmer, became well known as a contractor, manager, and hotel- keeper, and at the time of his death, in October, 1837, was sheriff of Huntingdon County. One of his sons was Alexander M. Lloyd, now one of the leading business men of Blair County. Mr. Lloyd was born in Huntingdon County, Dec. 29, 1823, and at the age often left home to live with his uncle, James Moore, whose home was in Woodcock Valley. He remained thereuntil 1838, when, being ambitious to earn his own living, he was placed as clerk in the store of Thomas Owens & Son at Birmingham. From there in March, 1839, he proceeded to Hollidaysburg to take a clerk ship in the warehouse of his brother William. After a short stay he went to Duncansville, and until March, 1843, was a clerk in the store and office of the Portage Iron-Works. From there he returned to Hollidaysburg and clerked for Lloyd & Graff, with whom he remained until the spring of 1846. At this time he essayed a new and important departure, and for the first time became a merchant in his own right by taking a place as partner in the firm of Gardner, Lloyd & Co., merchants of Hollidaysburg. In the spring of 1847 a branch of the house was founded in Gaysport, and under the name of A. M. Lloyd & Co. was given in charge of Mr. Lloyd. He thus remained situated until 1854, when the firm opened a hardware- store in Hollidaysburg under tbe name of Lloyd & Co., and to that establishment Mr. Lloyd gave his personal direction. In 1857, as a member of the firm of Gardner, Osterloh & Co., he built Chimney Rock Furnace at Hollidaysburg, and assumed the manage ment of the works until 1859, when depressions in the iron trade caused a suspension of the business. In company with his brother Thomas, he then organ ized the firm of Lloyd & Co. for the purpose of car rying on the canal transportation business, he being the agent in Hollidaysburg, and his brother the agent in Pittsburgh, of the then well-known Lloyd's line of boats, plying between Pittsburgh and Columbia. This business they conducted until the sale of the canal by the State to the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, and the consequent absorption by the latter of the canal privileges. Mr. Lloyd then embarked in the business of transhipping freight for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company at the Portage Railway connection of the canal, and continued it until that portion of the water route between Williamsburg and Hollidaysburg was abandoned, a branch of the house of Lloyd & Co. having meanwhile been established at Huntingdon, his partner being the representative at the latter place. The firm soon dissolved, and Mr. Lloyd continued on his own account in Hollidaysburg the produce com mission and warehouse business. In 1868 he asso ciated C. C. Wright with him, and from that time to this the firm of Lloyd & Wright has carried on the business at the old stand. At the outbreak of the Rebellion Mr. Lloyd was captain of a local military company known as the Juniata Rifles, and in response to the first call for troops took his command to Harrisburg, where it was attached to the Third Regiment Pennsylvania Volun teers as Company H. His was the first company to report from Western Pennsylvania. The Third Regi ment occupied York and Chambersburg, and later guarded the Franklin Railroad from Greencastle to Hagerstown. At the expiration of its term of service the regiment was mustered out. Capt. Lloyd was thereupon appointed by the Secretary of War to be a commissary in the volunteer service, with head-* quarters at Huntingdon, Pa., first, and subsequently at Washington, Alexandria, and Ball's Bluff. Iu the spring of 1862 he resigned and returned home. Al most directly he was appointed by the Governor a commissioner to enroll the militia of Blair County, and by the general government a commissioner to make the draft in the same county. In January, 1864, he was appointed provost-marshal of the Seven teenth Congressional District, and in that capacity served until the war closed. In 1849, Mr. Lloyd was chosen county treasurer on the Republican ticket, and in 1860 was elected county auditor. After occupying the latter office one year, he resigned to enter the military service. Of the Borough Council he has been a member at various periods for more than twenty-five years, and for many years a school director of the borough. Upon the completion of the Morrison's Cove Railroad he was appointed station agent at McKee's, and still retains- the appointment. In addition to his business in Hol lidaysburg, he is concerned as senior partner in the firm of Lloyd, Wright & Co., of Altoona, established in 1879. Shortly after the organization of the First National Bank of Altoona, he was chosen one of it» directors, and upon the death of his brother Henry, in 1879, succeeded the latter in the presidency of the institution, at the head of which he is to-day. He was one of the founders of the Coalport Lumber Company, and was the company's treasurer until the dissolution of the corporation in May, 1882. For about a quarter of a century he has been District Deputy Grand Master Free and Accepted Masons, and since 1849 a member of the order, having been initiated in Portage Lodge, No. 220, and afterwards assisted in organizing Juniata Lodge, No. 282, of -^"WW, ,S„ ?,,„<,-.< Si"** J\ \VV-lto^ BOROUGH OF HOLLIDAYSBURG. 73 which he was the first Worthy Master. For many years he has been treasurer of the lodge. He is also a member of the chapter as well as of the com- mandery. Since November, 1842, he has been an active member of the Baptist Church ; for more than twenty-five years church clerk, for many years trustee and deacon, and for twenty-five years clerk of the Central Baptist Association. Since March, 1843, he has taught in his Sunday-school the Bible class known as the Judson Class. Mr. Lloyd was married Feb. 4, 1847, to Mary, daughter of William Barr, of Gaysport, a well-known hotel-keeper in his day. Their living children are one son (Thomas P.) and two daughters. One of the daughters is the wife of John Riley, of Philadelphia, superintendent of transportation for the Pennsyl vania Railroad and ex-member of Congress. The record that has been traced in the foregoing narrative is sufficiently eloquent to speak for itself. From an humble beginning Mr. Lloyd has steadily won his way to a first place among the representative men of his county, and won it, too, without other aid than his own indomitable will, unflagging persever ance, and watchful industry. As a merchant and citizen, he occupies a proud place in popular estima tion. His record as a church-worker is a rare one, and that it should be to him a source of pride is as justifiable as it is deserved. His works testify to his character, and commend his life as a worthy example. Hollidaysburg's present military organization is Company C of the Fifth Regiment National Guard, State of Pennsylvania. It was formed in the fall of 1878, and, like the entire corps of the State National Guard, is completely equipped, and could take the field ready for campaign duty at any hour. Its first officers were Capt. T. Dallas Wilkins, a graduate of the Pennsylvania Military Academy, at Chester, Pa. ; First Lieut. James P. Stewart, who served during the war of the Rebellion in the Twelfth Regiment of Pennsylvania Cavalry; and Second Lieut. Joseph D. Hemphill, who also served his country during " the late unpleasantness" in the One Hundred and Tenth Regiment of Pennsylvania Infantry. These officers were all commissioned on the 5th day of April, 1879. Several changes have since occurred among the com missioned officers, and Capt. James P. Stewart is now in command. For a period of nine years — that is to say, from January, 1874, to January, 1883— the important office of prothonotary in the Republican County of Blair was administered by a Democrat, and in testi mony of the satisfaction with which his administra tion was viewed, it may be remarked that he was re elected successively in 1876 and 1879, and failed only by a small disadvantage to secure the office for a fourth time in 1882. Such a record indicates a strong per sonal following apd popularity vouchsafed to but few. The name of the Democrat who made this record is James P. Stewart. Mr. Stewart was born March 24, 1845, in Tyrone township (now Blair County), where his father, Mat thew (also a native of that locality), is still living. On his paternal side, James P. Stewart is of Scotch- Irish origin, and on the side of his mother (a daughter of Peter Cryder, of Huntingdon County) of German ancestry. Of Matthew Stewart's eight children seven are living. James Stewart remained at home until he reached his sixteenth year, when, having been fortified with such educational strength as the common schools could give, he made a bold start on the 4th of' March, 1861, to win a place in the battle of exist ence. The published records now show that he and Abraham Lincoln effected important new departures on the same day, — Lincoln for the White House and Stewart for Martinsburg, Pa., to which latter place the sturdy youth made his way to take a place as clerk ill the store of Henry Thatcher. After a years' stay in Martinsburg, Stewart entered the em ploy of Isett & Bell, at Elizabeth Furnace, as as sistant manager. It was while at Elizabeth Furnace that his fiery spirit beat responsive to the stirring calls his country was issuing to her patriotic sons, and so with characteristic promptitude he decided to respond to her call, young as he was. July 26, 1862, he enlisted at Harrisburg in Company G, Twelfth Regiment Pennsylvania Cavalry, and with that com mand passed through three years of adventurous and stirring service, being for a great portion of the term orderly on detached duty. June 1, 1865 (the war being over), he was mustered out in accordance with, general order from War Department, and returned to his father's home. After a brief stay he entered mer cantile life as clerk for Alexander Knox, of Newry, with whom he remained only a short time before launching out as a merchant on his own account. His new field was Laurelsville, in Sinking Valley, where he joined D. P. Tussey (an old merchant of that place) as partner. The firm of Tussey & Stewart was dissolved after a year's existence, and the junior member went to Montana Territory to make his for tune in the mines. In company with his cousin, J. C. Stewart, he operated about eighteen months, at the end of which he bad lost instead of made his for tune. For a time he clerked in a Helena store, but his health failing he turned towards home, where he arrived in November, 1869. Dec. 7, 1869, he mar ried Kate, a daughter of Johnston Moore, Esq., a leading lumber merchant of Altoona, and one of that city's oldest inhabitants. Directly after his marriage Mr. Stewart located in Hollidaysburg, and was em ployed selling agricultural implements for Messrs. McLanahan, Stone & Isett. With them he re mained about two years, and then engaged in the same business on his own account in Hollidaysburg. In that business he traveled over Blair and the ad joining counties, and became widely known. In the fall of 1873 he was put forward as the candidate of 74 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. the Democracy for the office of prothonotary, against Joseph Feichtner, now associate judge of Blair County. Despite the fact that the county was Republican by a majority of from four hundred to six hundred, Mr. Stewart's personal strength was such that he was chosen by a majority of two hundred and seventy- seven. No Democrat had been elected to a Blair County office for many years previous to this time, while at no time had a Democratic candidate been elected on a square issue. The result was a conspic uous and worthy triumph for the successful candidate, but it was very much surpassed at the next election, when in the face of a Republican majority of about one thousand in the county for Hayes for President, Mr. Stewart had a majority of thirty ! In 1879, for a third time, he was nominated to the same office, and gained the election by a plurality of forty-nine votes. In 1882 he was presented by his party for the fourth successive time, but was defeated by the Republican candidate, whose plurality was one hundred and forty- three. Mr. Stewart, having served his county through three successive terms (nine years) with skillful abil ity and faithful zeal, retires to private life upon a public record honorable alike to himself and Blair County. Latterly he has acquired an interest in mining properties in Colorado, and to their develop ment his energies and time are likely to be speedily directed. Manufacturing. — Of its manufacturing industries other than iron, Hollidaysburg has but little to boast. Its iron interests, however, are important; the dis covery that valuable metal could be manufactured from fossil ore by using coke, the establishment of the Chimney Rock aud Hollidaysburg Furnaces dur ing the fifth decade of the century, and subsequently two extensive rolling-mills, having in a great measure compensated tbe town for the loss sustained by the abandonment of the canal and Portage Railroad. Although the vicinity of Hollidaysburg was under laid with rich fossil ore, not much value was placed upon it until about the year 1853, when Hugh Mc Neal, Esq., at the Frankstown Furnace, succeeded in producing a fine quality of iron from fossil ore by the use of coke. This gratifying result led to further in vestigations, and it was soon ascertained that vast beds of fossil ore underlaid the earth's surface from Hollidaysburg to Brush Mountain, as well as at many other points in the immediate vicinity. For two or three subsequent years a considerable quantity of this ore was mined, and besides being utilized at Frankstown was shipped to distant fur naces. It was then determined to establish smelting- works at this point, and acting upon his convictions that the enterprise would prove a success, Mr. James Denniston drew up an article, subscribed $5000 him self, and then solicited the co-operation of others in the borough in the endeavor to obtain a capital stock of $30,000. In this he was soon successful, the other subscribers being Col. William Jack, $2500 ; McLan ahan, Watson & Co., $2500 ; Robert and B. M. John ston, $5000 ; David Watson, $5000 ; William Jackson, $2500 ; A. M. White, $5000, and Samuel S. Blair' $2500. This undertaking was commenced by Mr. Dennis ton on the 5th day of July, 1855, and on the 27th of August following the firm, under the name of Wat son, White & Co.,1 began the construction of the Hollidaysburg Furnace in Gaysport, now known as No. 1. The Hollidaysburg Furnace cost $60,000. It was first put into blast Nov. 18, 1856, and originally had a capacity of one hundred and twenty tons per week. Although carrying a debt of $90,000, this firm passed safely and unscathed through the panic of 1857, and continued on successfully until April 1, 1863, when it united with the Cambria Iron Company, and assisted to form the present Blair Iron and Coal Company. In the fall of 1855, Messrs. Gardner, Osterloh & Co. began building the Chimney Rock Furnace, in Hollidaysburg, now known as No. 2. It was com pleted a few days earlier than the Hollidaysburg Furnace, but had less capacity. Its owners became involved in financial difficulties, as a sequence of the disastrous days of 1857, and subsequently it was trans ferred to A. M. Lloyd & Co. Its management con tinuing unsuccessful, it was again transferred to Henry Lloyd, of Pittsburgh, who continued in con trol some two or three years, or until its sale to the Cambria Iron Company. As already mentioned, the Blair Iron and Coal Company was formed in April, 1863, by uniting the interests of Watson, Denniston & Co. and the Cambria Iron Company, and thus the two furnaces came under the control of the company which still owns them, — i.e., the Blair Iron and Coal Company.2 Since the latter year their capacity has been doubled, and they are now producing four hundred and fifty tons of Bessemer pig-iron per week, and furnishing employ ment to one hundred and forty men. The Blair Iron and Coal Company also lease and operate the large rolling-mill3 in Hollidaysburg. This mill was built by the Juniata Iron Manufac turing Company, and cost about five hundred thou sand dollars. Subsequently it came into the posses sion of the Hollidaysburg and Gap Iron Company. Then B. M. Johnston became its lessee, who operated it in connection with the Gap Furnace some five years. It then stood idle from 1875 to July, 1879, when the Blair Iron and Coal Company leased it, and have managed it since. About one hundred men are employed at the rolling-mill, and the product consists of one hundred and sixty tons of muck-iron 1 Subsequently, by the withdrawal of Mr. White, the firm-name was changed to that of Watson, Denniston & Co. 2 Besides the two furnaces iu Hollidaysburg and Gaysport, this com pany owns tbe Frankstown and Bennington Fnrnaces, and controls the Rodman through J. K. McLanahan, lessee. 8 The original mill on the same site was built by Thomas McNamara, and was destroyed by fire. ?T7^ ///v^O^^c-tn^ BOROUGH OF HOLLIDAYSBURG. 75 per week. The company store at Gaysport, con trolled by Messrs. Wood, Morrell & Co., is another important feature among the many connected with the operations of the Blair Iron and Coal Company. Here is carried a stock of general merchandise of the value of thirty thousand dollars, and the em ployes of the company at other points are equally as well supplied with stores. Mr. William R. Babcock, the gentlemanly and eifficient superintendent of the Blair Iron and Coal Company's works at Hollidays burg, has been connected with the company for a number of years. The present Hollidaysburg Iron and Nail Company is controlled by the Hemphill and Johnston families. The rolling-mill was built in 1860 by B. M. Johnston, Robert B. Johnston, John L. Hemphill, and Hugh McNeal, who operated under the firm-name of B. M. Johnston until September, 1866, when a change was made to that of the Hollidaysburg Iron and Nail Company, and the association became a corporate body, according to the laws of the State. The officers then elected were John S. Hemphill, president; B. M. Johnston, treasurer and general manager ; John L. Hemphill, Robert B. Johnston, and Hugh McNeal, directors, and J. W. Bracken,1 clerk. Robert B. Johnston died in June, 1868, and on the 24th day of the same month Mr. Bracken was elected director to fill the vacancy. The next change was occasioned by the death of Mr. Hemphill. He died Dec. 10, 1869, and on the 1st day of January follow ing Mr. Bracken was appointed president, and J. Dysart Hemphill director. On the 3d of April, 1880, B. M. Johnston died, and October 18th of that year the following (present) officers were elected : J. D. Hemphill, president; J. W. Bracken, treasurer and general manager; Thomas F. Johnston, secretary; J. D. Hemphill, J. A. B. Melvin, and Thomas F. Johnston, directors. The original capital stock of the firm of B. M. Johnston was eight thousand dollars, divided equally among the four partners, and the original mill was termed a " wire-mill," its chief products being small bar-iron and wire-coil. The mill was enlarged from time to time, and in 1865 the manufacture of nails was commenced with eighteen machines. In No vember, 1866, a portion of the works was destroyed by fire, but the damages were at once repaired. A capital stock of ninety thousand dollars is now employed. Bar- and skelp-iron, light T-rails, and nails are the principal products, and at this point and Duncansville, where the old Portage mill is operated under a lease, about two hundred men are furnished employment. Pluck and perseverance are winning factors in the battle of life, and to the man who can thus arm him self, and keep himself armed, there can be only one issue in the contest, the issue of success. No clearer 1 Mr. Bracken had been connected with the company since 1863. instance of the truth of this theory can be found than in the record of the life of J. King McLanahan, now a prominent figure among the successful iron-masters of Central Pennsylvania. His father, James Craig McLanahan, was concerned with the iron business in Pennsylvania nearly the whole of his life, having begun at Cove Forge as clerk, and after that, marry ing a daughter of John King, a well-known iron master in Bedford County, took charge of Bedford Forge, and was long its manager. At Bedford Forge, March 25, 1828, his son, J. King, was born. At the age of sixteen he was sent to Sarah Furnace, and clerked there a year for Dr. Schoenberger. He was then apprenticed at the Baldwin Locomotive- Works in Philadelphia, and remained in employment at that establishment until 1848, when he went west to superintend the construction of the engine used at the inclined plane of the Portage Railroad portion of the Pennsylvania Canal. The same year he joined Michael Kelly, of Hollidaysburg, as a partner in the foundry business at that point. In 1851 he accepted the appointment of superintendent of Abel Shock's steam fire-engine works at Cincinnati, although still retaining his interest in the Hollidaysburg foundry. Shock was the inventor of the present steam fire- engine, while McLanahan made the drawings of the first engine of that kind built at Shock's Cincinnati works. In 1855 he returned to Hollidaysburg to build furnace No. 1 for Watson, White & Co., of which firm he was a member. He made the plans for the furnace machinery, etc., superintended the construction of the furnace, and in the fall of 1856 put it in blast. From that period on he took no active part in the administration of the business affairs of Watson, White & Co., although he con tinued to be a member of the firm until its absorption by the Cambria Iron Company. In February, 1857, he married Mary, daughter of John Martin, one of Hollidaysburg's prominent citizens, and the same spring took in William Stone as a partner in the foundry business as the successor of Michael Kelly. That foundry was started by Kelly & Evans about 1840. McLanahan succeeded Evans, and although since that time the firm-name has been changed fully a dozen times, Mr. McLanahan has always remained a partner, and since 1857 the senior partner. The business is now carried on by McLanahan & Stone, who have been associated therein for twenty-six years. It may be here narrated that when Mr. McLanahan first engaged in the foundry business at Hollidays burg, he undertook also the business of potting, his pottery occupying the place where the rolling-mill now stands. He manufactured fine ware exclusively, but the experiment proved to be a costly one, and after trying it for two years he abandoned it. To the year 1877 he was an active partner in the foundry business, but then leasing the Rodman Fur nace and Bloomfield ore banks, he has since devoted his attention to that enterprise, in which he gives 76 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. employment to from three hundred to four hundred men. He was one of the founders of and a director in the Juniata Iron Company, which built the roll ing-mill and nail-factory ; was from 1879 to 1882 man ager of the rolling-mill -for the Blair Iron Company (to which he had sub-let the mill), and since July, 1882, has been a member of the firm of McLanahan, Smith & Co., now carrying on the rolling-mill. Persevering industry and close application to the details of his various business undertakings have marked the steps in his successful career, a career which, it is easy to see, has been hewn out by sub stantial and lasting methods, whose ultimate recom pense appears simply an appropriate tribute to the energy of the man who wrought them. Banking.— In the year 1836 or 1837 the first bank ing institution was established in Hollidaysburg under the name of the " Branch of Exchange Bank, Pittsburgh, at Hollidaysburg," of which John Walker was president, and William Williams cashier. The building occupied stood on the site of tbe present Standard office, and the business was continued until 1849, when the affairs of this house were closed and all claims promptly liquidated. During its existence this branch of the Exchange Bank of Pittsburgh had notes in circulation, and performed all of the banking business in a wide region of country. First National Bank.— In 1849, James M. Bell, a prominent lawyer in the central part of Pennsyl vania, and Thomas C. McDowell, a gentleman who had been engaged for some years in the transporting business on the old Pennsylvania Canal, established a banking-house in Hollidaysburg (occupying the building vacated by the Branch of the Exchange Bank of Pittsburgh) under the firm-name of Bell, McDowell & Co. In a short time Mr. McDowell withdrew from the firm, and Robert B. Johnston, a young gentleman of excellent business qualifications, who had been en gaged in the office, took his place as a member of the firm, the firm-name being changed to that of "Bell, Johnston & Co." In 1852, Mr. William Jack, who had been for sev eral years acting as chief clerk of the Lower House of the General Assembly of the State, became one of the firm, and the firm-name was then designated " Bell, Johnston, Jack & Co." In 1854, Mr. Bell retired from business connection with the establishment, and Messrs. Johnston & Jack associated with them Mr. William M. Lloyd, and the banking business was continued under the name of the old firm until 1862, when Mr. Lloyd withdrew, and the business was conducted by Messrs. Johnston & Jack under the firm-name of " Johnston, Jack & Co." In 1863 the establishment was changed into a na tional bank, designated "The First National Bank of Hollidaysburg. Pa.," with a capital of fifty thou sand dollars, William Jack being elected president, and Robert B. Johnston cashier. On the 21st of June, 1868, Robert B. Johnston, the cashier, was accidentally killed at Baltimore, and on the 24th of the same month Mr. William H. Gardner a gentleman who had been for several years engaged in the service of the government at Washington D. O, was chosen to fill the place of Mr. Johnston as cashier. From that time, to the present the same officers- William Jack, president, and William H. Gardner cashier — have had charge of the bank, and the same amount of capital, has been employed in conducting its business. (From data furnished through the courtesy of Col. William Jack.) Gardner, Morrow & Co. — This banking-house stands as the last in a series of changes made in firm- names since the establishment of a branch of the Farmers' Bank of Lancaster in Hollidaysburg, about the year 1850. It appears that soon after the Branch of the Ex change Bank of Pittsburgh had ceased to operate, the Farmers' Bank of Lancaster established a branch house in Hollidaysburg, under the management of Richard R. Bryan. However, but a short time elapsed ere a law was enacted prohibiting the operations of branch banks, and in consequence this branch of the Farmers' Bank of Lancaster closed up its affairs. Richard R. Bryan, Thomas Jackson, William Gleim, Thomas E. Franklin, D. McMurtrie, and James Gard ner then formed an association for the purpose of conducting a general banking business, under the firm-name of "Bryan, Gleim & Co.," and purchased the material of the branch house just mentioned. A few months later some of the members of the firm retired, when the name of the house was changed to that of "Bryan, Gardner & Co.," and continued as such until 1859. From the latter year until 1874, James Gardner conducted the business alone. He then became associated with Mr. Anthony S. Morrow, and under the firm-name found at the head of this article a general banking and exchange business has been carried on to the present time. Secret Benevolent Associations. — Hollidays burg Lodge, No. 119, I. O. O. F., was organized1 Aug. 11, 1845. Thirty years later, or on the 11th day of August, 1875, the event was appropriately cele brated by its members, assisted by a large number of visiting brethren. On that occasion an historical address, prepared by Secretary H. L. Bunker, was delivered, from which we gather the following facts concerning the organization, etc., of this lodge : "A special session of the Grand Lodge was held Monday afternoon, Aug. 11, 1845, with the following brethren present: Joseph S. Danger, R. W. G. W., acting as Grand Master; P. D. D. G. M. Boon, acting as Deputy Grand Master; and William Curtis, R. W. G. Secretary, for the purpose of opening and constituting Hollidaysburg Lodge, No. 119, the petitioners being present and presenting their cards, viz.: Brothers George R. McFarlane, Charles Cheney, James Bowstead, Oswald M. Curtis, Jacob Naylor, and William B. Hall. The Grand Master having briefly stated the object of the meeting, directed the Deputy Grand 1 The lodge was chartered June.30, 1845. BOROUGH OF HOLLIDAYSBURG. 77 Master to examine the brothers and ascertain if they were correct, which having proved satisfactory to him, and he having reported accordingly, the brothers, after the usual ceremonies, were duly qualified and proceeded to the election of their officers, which election resulted as follows : Noble Grand, George R. McFarlane ; Vice-Grand, Jacob Nay lor- Secretary, Charles Cheney ; Assistant Secretary, James Bowstead; Treasurer, William B. Hall, after which the officers-elect were duly in stalled by Grand Master Lunger, when the session of the Grand Lodge closed. "Attest: "WILLIAM Curtis, " Grand Secretary." At the close of the session of the Grand Lodge, Hollidaysburg Lodge, No. 119, was opened in due form, when eighteen persons were proposed for mem bership, among them John W. Geary, Charles R. McCrea, H. L. Patterson, William Stone, and H. A. Boggs. Of the charter members none retained their membership in 1875, and of the thirteen members initiated on the evening the lodge was instituted but one remained a member at the date last mentioned, viz., Charles R. McCrea. Until April 25, 1848, the meetings of the lodge were held in Sprenger's build ing on Juniata Street, when, through the exertions of the Odd-Fellows and Sons of Temperance, the town hall was completed and dedicated, and remained in this building until 1869, when rooms in B. M. John ston & Co.'s building were secured and occupied for two years. In 1871 another removal was made, to Stehley's Hall, where rooms were leased from the organization known as the "Temple of Honor," and occupied until Jan. 1, 1875. The third story of Stehley's building was then rented, and after an expenditure of nearly one thou sand dollars to refit and furnish the same, the beauti ful and present quarters were dedicated in May of that year. To Aug.ll, 1875, five hundred and thirty- seven members had been initiated, thirty admitted by card, forty reinstated ; one hundred and eight had withdrawn by card, two hundred and forty-one had been suspended, twenty-two had died, three had been expelled, and ninety-five applications for membership had been rejected. The total receipts of the lodge had amounted to $21,266.33; seventeen hundred and seven weeks' bene fits, amounting to $6457.38, had been paid> one mem ber alone having received $1630.58, and another $1075. One member of the lodge, George R. Mc Farlane, held the office of Right Worthy Grand Warden in the Grand Lodge at the time of his death, September, 1852, and was also District Deputy Grand Master, a position which he had held in Huntingdon and Blair Counties from Sept. 3, 1845. The first sick benefits were paid to Charles R. McCrea, and the first death was that of Harrison Henry, who died in the city of Mexico in December, 1847. His remains were brought home and interred by the lodge. After the death of Judge George R.. McFarlane, the lodge losing the stimulus of his presence, as well as his counsel and substantial aid, began to decline. Under the weight of financial difficulties many grew faint-hearted and abandoned their posts. The out break of the civil war resulted in sending many of its members to the tented field, and also increased the varied difficulties under which all who remained true labored. Benefits were reduced to one dollar per week, and at times even that amount was donated from the pockets of a few. Indeed, it was only by the most strenuous exertions that they avoided surrendering their charter. In 1862-63, however, a change for the better was experienced, men returning from the army, having there seen the practical workings of Odd-Fellowship and kindred associations, crowded the portals of lodge No. 119, and an era of prosperity commenced which has continued to the present time. The lodge has one hundred and twenty-four mem bers in good standing at the present time, and its officers are Joseph R. Mitchell, N. G. ; Thomas Grooms, V. G. ; Levi Leedom, Sec. ; David M. Sel lers, Asst. Sec. ; and J. R. Humes, Treas. Regular meetings are held every Tuesday evening. Irene (Rebekah Degree) Lodge, No. 98, 1. O. O. F., was chartered Feb. 2, 1875, and its original officers were Thomas McFarlane, N. G. ; Mary C. Baird, V. G. ; Levi Leedom, Sec. ; Ann Baird, Asst. Sec. ; and Augusta R. Deal, Treas. Appalachian Encampment, No. 69, 1. O. 0. F., was chartered Nov. 29, 1847, and was instituted by Grand Worthy Patriarch Aaron Waters, May 30,1848, in accordance with the usages of the Grand Encamp ment of the State of Pennsylvania. The original officers were George R. McFarlane, C. P. ; George Bingham, H. P. ; Robert L. Martin, S. W.; John Cox, J. W.; S. W. Dobyne, Scribe; and William M. Barr, Treas. To the present time one hundred and ninety-nine members have belonged to the organization. Its present members are forty- four in number, and C. E. Lingafelt, C. P. ; E. C. Bell, S. W. ; David Over, J. W. ; John W. Rohra- back, H. P. ; Levi Leedom, Scribe ; and Enoch Walls, Treas., are its present officers. Meetings are held on the first and third Fridays of each month. Portage Lodge, No. 220, F. & A. M., was char tered Sept. 7, 1846, the original members being Michael Kelly, founder ; Irwin Horrel, hatter ; Ben jamin E. Belts, tanner; Alexander Johnston, physi cian ; William Williams, banker; John E. Johnston, clerk; John Miller, merchant; Joseph D. Biles, teacher; John Martin, painter; and David Hammer, a merchant. The first officers were Michael Kelly, W. M. ; Irwin Horrell, S. W. ; and Benjamin E. Betts, J. W., officiated at meetings held in Gaysport, Oct. 8 and 15 and Nov. 3, 10, and 24, 1846. On the 3d of Decem ber following Past Master John R. Weeks, of Lewis- town, visited the lodge and duly installed the follow ing officers : Michael Kelly, W. M. ; Irwin Horrell, S. W. ; Benjamin E. Betts, J. W. ; and John Martin, Treas. A Master Masons' lodge was then opened in due form at seven o'clock p.m. Present, John R. 78 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Weeks, of Lewistown Lodge, W. M. pro tern-.; John E. Johnston, S. W. pro tern.; Benjamin E. Betts, J. W. ; Joseph D. Biles, Sec. ; John Martin, Sec. ; John Miller, J. D. ; and David Hammer, Tyler. The same evening John W. Geary sent in his petition asking to become a member of the lodge, and Messrs. Ham mer and Betts were appointed a committee to inquire as to the petitioner. During the year 1847 the following-named gentle men became members of the lodge: James Flem ming, George W. Johnston, S. W. Dobyne, George Potts, Samuel I. Smith, Samuel Smith, William M. Barr, William Foltz, Charles Cheney, Daniel Staley, Daniel Courter, James Terry, Uriah J. Jones, George Weighaman, Henry A. Boggs, George Plitt, John Weighaman, David Height, H. Mitchell, Elias L. Zook, Michael Cresswell, William G. Laitzell, and Lewis Plitt. From the organization of the lodge to the present time about three hundred and seventy members have been admitted, and during the same period the Worthy Masters, or presiding officers, have been as follows : Michael Kelly, elected December, 1846 ; William Williams, December, 1847 ; George Potts, December, 1848; John Cresswell, Jr., December, 1849-52; David Courter, December, 1853-54; Stephen W. Dobyne, December, 1855-56 ; George Potts,1 December, 1857 ; J. K. McLanahan, December, 1858; John Cresswell, Jr., December, 1859-60; James Glasgow, December, 1861; Augustus S. Landis, December, 1862-63; O. A. Traugh, December, 1864; Anthony Vowinckel, December, 1865; Thomas B. Lewis, December, 1866; Harry S. Vantries, December, 1867 ; W. C. Roller, December, 1868 ; Charles Vowinckel, December, 1869; George Emerick, December, 1870; John E. Burchinell, December, 1871-75; John G. Reed, De cember, 1876 ; George A. Dobyne, December, 1877 ; Andrew S. Stayer, December, 1878 ; Martin Bell, Jr., December, 1879 ; and Robert C. Bollinger, December, 1880. Other elective officers of the present are David S. Hayes, S. W. ; Eli Smith, J. W. ; John W. Bracken, Sec. ; and William R. Babcock, Treas. Mr. Bracken served as secretary from 1865 to 1870, and from July, 1875, to the present writing. The lodge has occupied its present quarters, the building formerly known as the " Town Hall," since Nov. 3, 1874. The present members number fifty-nine. Juniata Lodge, No. 282, F. & A. M., was insti tuted Dec. 7, 1853, its charter members being Alex ander M. Lloyd, Aristides Rodrique, M.D., James G. Bailey, Michael Kelly, Joseph H. Hollinshead, and James E. Toole. The first officers elected were Alex ander M. Lloyd, W. M. ; Aristides Rodrique, S. W. ; Joseph H. Hollinshead, J. W.; Michael Kelly, Treas. ; and James G. Bailey, Sec. Among those who have served as Masters of this lodge we mention Alexander M. Lloyd, who was re- ' Resigned, George W. Fisher elected to fill vacancy Feb. 2, 1858. elected ; Aristides Rodrique,1 Joseph H. Hollinshead Alexander M. Kinney,1 Jesse R. Crawford, Edward H. Gardner,1 Thomas McFarlane, James M. Kin- ports, James Funk, Christian G. McFarland, John R. McFarlane, Joseph Robison, Daniel Galbraith William H. Chamberlain, David R. Christian, John Suckling, Jacob A. Rohrer, Henry L. Bunker (re elected), Isaac F. Beamer,1 George W. Smith, Jona than D. Leet, William S. Buxton, Plymouth W. Snyder, and James P. Stewart, the latter also having been re-elected. Since its organization two hundred and twenty- three members have belonged to the lodge. There are now sixty-six members, and James P. Stewart, W. M. ; James M. Lingafelt, S. W. ; Frederick Jae kel, J. W. ; Alexander M. Lloyd, Treas. ; and Henry L. Bunker, Sec, are the present officers. Regular meetings are held on Monday evenings on or before full moon in each month. Until November, 1874, meetings were held in Gard ner's Hall, when the present commodious structure, owned by Portage Lodge, No. 220, was dedicated and occupied, and Juniata Lodge too became an occupant of that Masonic home. The contributions of Juniata Lodge for charitable purposes have been large and freely given, but as it is one of the practices of Masonry "not to let the left hand know what the right hand doeth," the sum total will never be known until the day of all-reveal ing. In 1873, while Mr. Henry L. Bunker was Mas ter of the lodge, it sustained a loss of seventeen hun dred dollars of its charity fund by the robbery of a safe where the funds were kept. Three hundred dol lars of the amount stolen was recovered by having bonds representing that amount duplicated, but no clue or information has ever been obtained of the remaining fourteen hundred dollars in government bonds. The amount stolen from the charity fund, however, has been more than made up. This fund must re main intact, and when the capital sum shall reach five thousand dollars, the interest, while the lodge exists, will be applied towards relieving the unob trusive necessities of the widows and orphan chil dren of members, and in giving such aid and assist ance as it may be possible to do for the education and maintenance of the orphan children of members of the lodge. Hollidaysburg Assembly, No. 11, Artisan's Order of Mutual Protection, was chartered Dec. 30, 1874, and the charter members were Henry L. Bunker, John Suckling, George W. Smith, Thomas W. Thompson, William L. Garrett, Adam Smith, B. F. Creamer, Sebastian Fleischer, Peter Klos, Thomas McFarlane, and Jones Rollins. The first officers were Jones Rollins, master artisan ; Henry L. Bunker, superintendent; John Suckling, 1 Deceased. BOROUGH OF HOLLIDAYSBURG. inspector ; Thomas McFarlane, recorder ; Thomas W. Thompson, cashier; and George W. Smith, M.D., medical examiner. The present officers are John Suckling, master artisan ; Jones Rollins, superin tendent; B. C. Eaton, inspector; James R. Humes, recorder ; Cornelius D. Bowers, cashier ; and James R. Humes, M.D., medical examiner. The present number of members is twenty-two, and regular meetings are held on the second Thursday evening of each month in Stehley's Hall (second floor), corner of Moutgomery and Blair Streets. William G. Murray Post, No. 39, G. A. R., was organized at a meeting held in Stehley's Hall, Holli daysburg, Pa., on the 17th day of July, 1877. The records of this meeting inform us that those assem bled, were called to order by Capt. A. J. Hamilton, of Philadelphia, and after the object of the gathering had been duly set forth, — i.e., the organization of a post of the Grand Army of the Republic, — it was, upon motion, resolved that the name of the post be William G. Murray Post, No. 39. Thereupon the following-named persons were duly mustered by Capt. A. J. Hamilton, assistant muster ing officer, G. A. R., Department of Pennsylvania, as comrades of the Grand Army, viz. : William C. Rol ler, Isaac F. Beamer, James Tearney, Henry L. Bun ker, J. R. Williamson, Charles H. Young, John R. McFarland, George W. Cruse, J. Demo, Ephraim Gerst, Henry A. Miller, James P. Stewart, J. C. Akers, John Wighaman, John McKee, and Thomas Tierney. The officers then elected for the remainder of the current year were Isaac F. Beamer, Post Com mander; James Tierney, Senior Vice-Commander; Jonathan Demo, Junior Vice-Commander; Dr. Wil liam C. Roller, Surgeon ; Henry L. Bunker, Chaplain ; John Wighaman, Quartermaster ; J. C. Akers, Officer of the Day ; and Ephraim Gerst, Officer of the Guard, who were at once installed by Assistant Mustering Officer Capt. Hamilton, except Dr. Roller, as Sur geon, who was not present. Subsequently the Post Commander appointed the following additional offi cers, viz. : James P. Stewart, Adjutant ; J. R. William son, Sergeant- Major; and Charles Young, Quarter master-Sergeant. Since the organization the officers of the post, elected and appointed annually, have been as follows : December, 1877.— James Tearney, P. C; Henry A. Miller, S- V. C. ; Ephraim Gerst, J. V. C. ; John Wighaman, Q.M. ; Isaac F. Beamer, Chap.; Dr. George W. Smith, Surg. ; William C. Roller, Officer of the Day ; Thomas Tierney, Officer of the Guard ; James P. Stewart, Adjt. ; Henry L. Bunker, Sergt. - Maj.; John McKee, Q.M.-Sergt.; Ephraim Gerst, Delegate, and John Wighaman, Alternate, to repre sent the post at the grand encampment, Lebanon, Pa. December, 1878.— Henry A. Miller, P. C. ; Ephraim Gerst, S. V. C. ; George W. Silvey, J. V. C; J. C. Akers, Officer of the Day; Henry L. Bunker, Chap. ; George W. Smith, Surg. ; John Wighaman, Q.M. ; James P. Stewart, Adjt.; George W. Cruse, Q.M.- Sergt. ; Frederick Jaekel, Sergt.-Maj. ; John Hicks, Officer of the Guard ; and to represent the post at the general encampment, Isaac F. Beamer, his alter nate being J. C. Akers. December, 1879. — Harrison H. Snyder, P. C. George W. Silvey, S. V. C. ; James Jones, J. V. C. Henry L. Bunker, Chap. ; George W. Smith, Surg. John H. Law, Q.M. ; John H. Murray,1 Officer of the Day ; James Rodgers, Officer of the Guard ; Ephraim Gerst,2 Adjt. ; J. E. Thompson, Sergt.-Maj. ; J. A. Rohrer, Q.M.-Sergt. ; Ephraim Gerst, Delegate to department encampment; Henry L. Bunker, Al ternate. December, 1880. — Ephraim Gerst, P. C. ; James Rodgers, S. V. C. ; Ed. White, J. V. C. : George W. Smith, Surg. ; Harry Gordon, Chap. ; John H. Law, Q. M. ; James Tearney, Officer of the Day; Benja min White, Officer of the Guard ; James Jones, Ord. Sergt. ; James P. Stewart, Adjt. ; J. C. Akers, Sergt.- Maj. ; H. H. Snyder and James Tearney, Representa tives to attend the grand encampment ; George W. Smith and Bird C. Eaton, Alternates. December, 1881 (present officers). — Harrison H. Snyder, P. C. ; Hezekiah Malone, S. V. C. ; James Blyler, J. V. C. ; George P. Kelley, Officer of the Day; John H. Law, Q.M. ; Dr. D. S. Hays, Surg. ; Harry Gordon, Chap.; Bird O. Eaton, Adjt.; Wil liam Garrett, Sergt.-Maj.; Ed. White, Q.M.-Sergt.; H. H. Snyder, Edward White, and James Tearney, Representatives to attend the general encampment at Williamsport, Pa. In assisting to relieve the necessities of members and their families, as well as in helping those in no wise connected with the Grand Army, a large sum in the aggregate has been expended by this post for charitable purposes. Besides, according to Article 10 of the post's by-laws, the widow or dependents of a deceased member are entitled to receive at the time of a comrade's death the sum of fifty dollars. The members of Post No. 39 are uniformed, and regular meetings are held in Stehley's Hall on the second and fourth Saturday evenings of each month. Decoration Days during the years 1878, 1879, 1880, and 1881 have been appropriately observed. Dr. Wil liam C. Roller delivered the oration in 1878, and H. H. Snyder, Esq., in 1879. No address was delivered in 1880, but on the 30th of May, 1881, the ceremonies were appropriately conducted by the post, assisted by civic societies and the people generally. To the present writing (February, 1882) the names of one hundred and thirty-four veterans of the late war have appeared upon the rolls of the post as mem bers. Those now in good standing, showing also their rank at muster out of the United States service, and 1 Resigned in May, 1880 ; Samuel G. Rhule appointed to fill vacancy. 2 Resigned; George E. Brown appointed to fill vacancy. so HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. the names of the organizations in which they last1 served, are as follows : James Tearney, colonel, 87th Pa. Vol. Inf. Henry L. Bunker, private, Co. A, 84th Pa. Vol. Inf. J. R. Williamson, sergt., Co. G, 105th 111. Vol. Inf. George W. Cruse, 2d lieut., Co. D, 13th Pa. Vol. Cav. James P. Stewart, Corp., Co. G, 12th Pa. Vol. Cav. J. C. Akers, 1st lieut., Co. E, 1st Pa. Cav. John Wighaman, principal musician, 84th Pa. Vol. Inf. George W. Smith, asst. surg., 54th Pa. Vol. Inf. George W. Silvey, q m.-sergt., 8th Pa. Res. William B. Robinson, com.-Bergt., 1st Md. Cav. James Jones, private, Co. M, 62d Pa. Vol. Inf. Harry Gordon, private, Co. F, 77th Pa. Vol. Inf. JameB Rodgers, 1st lieut., 192d Pa. Vol. Inf. Harrison H. Snyder, Corp., Co. M, 62d Pa. Vol. Inf. J. A. Rohrer, private, Co. D, 131st Pa. Vol. Inf. Stephen Hughes, private, Co. G, 3d Pa. Vol. Inf. Frank Vogel, private, Co. D, 192d Pa. Vol. Inf. John Laise, private, Co. C, 76th Pa. Vol. Inf. Hugh Smith, color-sergt, 84th Pa. Vol. Inf. Hezekiah Malone, private, Co. D, 13th Pa. Vol. Cav. David M. Sellers, private, Co. D, 192d Pa. Vol. Inf. John W. Goodfellow, corp., Co. E, 2d Mass. Vol. Cav. David S. Hays, surg., 110th Pa. Vol. Inf. William H. Morrow, private, Co. H, 200th Pa. Vol. Inf. John II. Law, private, Co. E, 13th Pa. Vol. Cav. Henry H. Eckard, private, Co. D, 13th Pa. Vol. Cav. William Williams, maj., 14th U. S. Inf. William Evans, sergt., Co. E, 21st Pa. Vol. Cav. James Y. Maloue, private, Co. B, 192d Pa. Vol. Inf. Wm. H. Walters, sergt., Co. A, 16th Pa. Vol. Inf. John Rohrebacb, sergt., Co. F, 1st Pa. Res. Franklin Dunlap, private, Co. D, 192d Pa. Vol. Inf. George S. Lane, private, Co. M, 62d Pa. Vol. Inf. Benjamin White, 2d lieut., Co. C, 76th Pa. Vol. Inf. Thomas Lloyd, musician, Co. 0, 76th Pa. Vol. Iflf. Roswell D. ThomaB, private, Co. G, 29th Pa. Vol. Inf. Edward White, private, Co. A, 84th Pa. Vol. Inf. Robert Nixon, private, Co. A, 9th Pa. Vol. Inf. Edward Wallace, private, Co. D, 192d Pa. Vol. Inf. Edward Fleck, private, Co. D, 192d Pa. Vol. Inf. Albert Sanders, sergt., Co. C, 76th. Pa. Vol. Inf. William B. Gates, private, Co. I, 55th Pa. Vol. Inf. James Bryant, private, Co. B, 62d Pa. Vol. Inf. H. T. Stiffler, private, Co. M, 9th Pa. Vol. Inf. Robert Walls, private, Co. L, 9th Pa. Vol. Inf. Bird C. Eaton, private, (Jo. B, 192d Pa. Vol. Inf. Wescott Corbin, private, Co. G, 100th Pa. Vol. Inf. John Rentz, private, Co. M, 22d Pa. Vol. Inf. Wm. Brauuen, private, Co. H, 110th Pa. Vol. Inf. Woods B. Robinson, corp., Co. G, 183d Pa. Vol. Inf. John Jones, private, Co. L, 5th Pa. H. Art. James Blackstone, private, Co. A, 5th U. S. Inf. J. E. Wertz, Corp., Co. I, 5th Pa. Res. James Oungst, private, Co. D, 192d Pa. Vol. Inf. R. L. Horrell, capt., Co. A, 84th Pa. Vol. Inf. James Clark, private, Co. D, 192d Pa. Vol. Inf. Jamea Blyler, private, Co. F, 2wth Ind. Vol. Inf. Wm. Groves, private, Co. D, 192d Pa. Vol. Inf. Andrew Shoemaker, private, Co. D, 192d Pa. Vol. Inf. G. A. Dougherty, private, Co. M, 22d.Pa. Vol. Inf. Sylvester Myers, private, Co. F, 112th Pa. Vol. Inf. Moses Crum, private, Co. I, 205th Pa. Vol. Inf. S. D. Brown, private, Co. D, 101st Pa. Vol. Inf. Wm. Burkheimer, private, Co. II, 11th N. J. Vol. Inf. Henry Smith, private, Co. D, 192d Pa. Vol. Inf. Jacob Marks, private, Co. C, 76th Pa. Vol. Inf. John Wear, private, Co. A, 84th Pa. Vol. Inf. Joseph M. Young, private, Co. D, 28th Pa Vol. Inf. Joseph Salliards, private, Co. D, 192d Pa. Vol. Inf. William Hatfield, private, Co. 1, 3d Pa. Vol. Cav. 1 Some of the men here mentioned served terms in two and three different regiments. George P. Kelley, Corp., Co. C, 110th Pa. Vol. Inf. Jacob Marsh, private, Co. C, 1st Pa. Vol. Art. Jeremiah Cochran, Corp., Co. I, 205th Pa. Vol. Inf. Wm. L. Garrett, private, Co. A, 3d Pa. Vol. Inf. Samuel Smay, private, Co. C, 19th Pa. Vol. Inf. Frederick Hollock, private, Co. F, S4th Pa. Vol. Inf. Johu Prosser, private, Co. D, 192d i'a. Vol. Inf. W. G. Kittle, private, Co. E, 138th Pa. Vol. Inf. Joshua Shank, private, Co. I, 55th Pa. Vol. Inf. James Langham, private, Co. C, 49th Pa. Vol. Inf. James W. Adams, private, Co. F, 21st Pa. Vol. Inf. Wm. McKee, private, Co. L, 13th Pa. Vol. Inf. Legal Profession of Hollidaysburg.— Among the names that have adorned the history of the bar of Blair County, none occupy a higher place than that of Samuel Calvin, now retired from active pro fessional life after a busy experience of forty years that has left upon the records of time a mark that will not easily pass away. Mr. Calvin was born in Columbia County, Pa., July 30, 1811. His father was Matthew Calvin, a native of Chester County, Pa., and long one of the leading men of Colum bia County. Samuel was educated at the Milton Academy, a famous institution of learning in its day. Upon leaving Milton, Mr. Calvin took charge of the Huntingdon Academy, and was its principal nearly two years. Among his pupils were the after wards-noted William A. Porter, of the Supreme Court, George A. Coffey, once United States dis trict attorney for the Eastern District of Pennsyl vania, Titian J. Coffey, late United States assistant attorney-general and secretary of legation with ex- Governor Curtin at St. Petersburg, and Col. William Dorris, of Huntingdon. Upon severing his connec tion with the academy he entered upon the study of the law in the office of James M. Bell, Esq., of Hunt ingdon (now deceased). At the April term in 1836 he was admitted to the bar, and that year located at Hollidaysburg, when law-offices were rare sights in that town. He zealously entered upon the practice of his profession, and for a while with no competitor but Mr. Crawford, he was soon called to share the field with Thaddeus Banks and R. A. McMurtrie, long his adversaries in many contests, but whom he survives. With James M. Bell, his old preceptor, McMurtrie, and others, he was an ardent friend of the proposi tion for a new county, aud in 1846 their efforts were crowned with success, the county of Blair being or ganized in 1846 uuder an act of Assembly passed the same year. In 1848, Mr. Calvin was elected as a Whig member of the Thirty-first Congress, to represent Blair, Hunt ingdon, Mifflin, Juniata, and Centre Counties. He had the honor of being a member of a Congress illus trious in the history of the country. His advent upon that arena was contemporaneous with some of the most conspicuous names in American statesmanship. Clay, Calhoun, Webster, Cass, aud Benton were still in the Senate, and Chase, Seward, Jefferson Davis, and Mason were ripening for future fame. In the JijftfLAAsKJii -^gtJtlJ-L^y BOROUGH OF HOLLIDAYSBURG. 81 House, Giddings, of Ohio; Stephens, of Georgia; Stevens and Wilmot, of Pennsylvania; Johnson, of Tennessee ; Toombs, of Georgia, and many others were familiar names to the people. Taylor was Pres ident, to be followed shortly by Fillmore. Congress was often the scene of acrimonious discussions upon Clay's compromise bills and other kindred measures. The growing hostility between the free and slave States reached a crisis during this session, and South ern senators and members freely threatened the seces sion of their States if California was admitted to the Union. The passage of the Fugitive Slave bill for the time repressed the turbulence and bitterness of the pub lic mind, but it only postponed the outbreak to a later day, and that day was the inauguration of President Lincoln, in 1861. Whilst Mr. Calvin was a witness of these stirring events, he was not forgetful of the interests of his constituents. Industry was languish ing under the blighting effects of the tariff of 1846, and his efforts in Congress for a modification of its duties and imposts were continuous and valuable. His views on this question were given with great force on the floor of Congress on the presentation of the pro test of England through her minister, Mr. Bulwer, against the repeal of the tariff act of 1846, in the year 1850. After Mr. Calvin's return from Washington, in March, 1851, he declined a renomination to Congress by his party, and resumed the practice of the law, in which he continued for a number of years, from which, at this writing, he has entirely withdrawn. As a lawyer, Mr. Calvin was always zealous, vigi lant, energetic, and able. He was thoroughly con versant with the elementary principles of the law, and so equipped he was always ready to cope with any of his adversaries. He had the habit, in the trial of important cases, of elaborate preparation. It was his custom to discuss with his colleague, if one was associated with him, every possible aspect of his adversary's case, and arm himself with authorities to meet every conjectural exigency. He has been con cerned in the trial of many important causes. He made his dibut in forensic life with the late Judge Taylor, in the prevention of the indictment of the Commonwealth vs. McConaughy for murder, in Hun tingdon County. Both gentlemen achieved their ¦earliest fame in this case, and gave a promise of future triumphs which did not disappoint. Since then Mr. Calvin has had a long and active experience at the bar, concerned in nearly all the important contro versies which sprang up in the courts of his county in all departments of the law ; was for many years a constant practitioner in the Supreme Court of the State, and was eminent in his own and neighboring counties as a wise counselor and able lawyer. In his -opinions he was careful and strictly conscientious. His integrity was never impeached and could not be. He was as well loyal to his client as faithful to the •court. His brethren of the bar never challenged his F statement, and he was habitually regarded as the soul of truth and professional honor. In his intercourse with both court and bar he was frank, fair, and courteous. He brought to the trial of his case un flagging zeal, energy, and watchfulness. Before the jury he was mild, pathetic, witty, trencha'nt, sarcastic, vehement, or impassioned, as the exigencies of his case demanded. He was always exhaustive. When he finished the jury had his client's whole case. His language was terse, vigorous, and often eloquent. With a fine literary taste and a well-stored mind, his speeches, both at the bar and elsewhere upon other topics, were abundant in allusions, illustrations, and quotations from his acquisitions in other departments of knowledge. In later years, as Mr. Calvin withdrew from his professional pursuits, he has given his attention to the study of political subjects aud the promulgation of his views. He was always active in behalf of the protection of American industry, and labored on all occasions for the adoption of such a tariff on imports as would secure this end. He was of the school of Henry C. Carey, of whom he was an intimate per sonal friend, and, like that eminent teacher of social science, published a large number of treatises and papers upon the subjects of tariff and the currency. We cannot undertake to give his views here further than to say he has and still advocates the continued use of a paper currency based upon the faith of the government, and the abolition of the national bank ing system. His earnest and persistent efforts in behalf of his theories have secured for him a wide notoriety in Central Pennsylvania. As a citizen, Mr. Calvin has always enjoyed the highest respect of his fellow-townsmen. He has been foremost in all their public enterprises; has contrib uted liberally of his means, and is justly accounted a valued, generous, and public-spirited citizen. He has always been a friend of education and the common- school system. His long association with the school department of his town indicates his warm sympathy with the public education, and has made him con spicuous as the friend of all systems and institutions which have for their object the dissemination of knowledge. May 14, 1873, Mr. Calvin was chosen a Republican delegate-at-large to the State Constitutional Conven tion to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Hon. Hugh McAllister, and he was likewise a mem ber of the last revenue board in Pennsylvania. For more than thirty years he has been a director in Hollidaysburg school board, and for the past nine years its president. In 1862 he and the late Col. McMurtrie were largely instrumental in organizing a volunteer mili tary company (in the ranks of which they marched to Chambersburg as privates) for participation in the repression of what was apprehended to be an invasion of the Blair County region by the Confederates. In 82 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 1863, when the alarm in Hollidaysburg over a looked- for rebel raid was great, Messrs. Calvin and McMur trie raised a second company, which went out, as did many other similar companies, to assist in checking the Confederate movement upon Pennsylvania. (Of the history of these movements the chapters on the Rebellion will be found amply explanatory.) Mr. Calvin was married Dec. 26, 1843, to Rebecca S., daughter of John A. Blodgett, of Bedford. Their daughter Eliza married Dr. George W. Smith, of Hol lidaysburg. Their son Matthew resides at Rodman, in Blair County. Among the lights that shine in the legal profession of Western Pennsylvania, one of the strongest is Samuel S. Blair, for thirty-eight years a resident of Hollidaysburg, and for all that time actively engaged in the practice of his profession, to which to-day, after a lifetime of hard service, he is as thoroughly devoted as ever and as closely attentive. Mr. Blair was born in Indiana County, Pa., Dec. 5, 1821, and comes of hardy Scotch-Irish stock. His father, Rev. David Blair, was a native of County Antrim, Ireland, and came to America about the be ginning of the nineteenth century. He was a min ister in the United Presbyterian Church, and in 1816 being called to the church of that denomination in Indiana County, made his home there the same year. For sixty-six years he was the pastor of that church, or until his death in 1882, at the great age of ninety- five, although he did not during the latest years of his life perform the active duties of the pastorate. His wife was Margaret, daughter of Samuel Steel, in his day a widely-known merchant of Huntingdon. Their children numbered ten, of whom four are living, one of the sons being John P. Blair, president judge of the Indiana District. At the age of eleven Samuel Blair entered the freshman class of Jefferson College at Canonsburg, and after a year there spent a year at the Indiana Academy, whence he returned at the expiration of another year to Jefferson. In September, 1838, he graduated at that institution. Shortly after that event he went to Georgia to teach school, and soon after his d'ebut in that section was selected to act as principal of the academy at Carnersville, pending the arrival of Professor Haverstick, the regularly chosen incumbent. Six months after that Mr. Blair was ap pointed principal of the academy in darkesville, Haversham Co., Ga., and in charge of that institution remained until the summer of 1841, when he accepted the place of clerk in the United States Mint at Dahlonega, to the superintendency of which Mr. Paul Rossignol, of Clarkesville, had just been assigned by President Harrison. During the ensuing year at Dahlonega he divided his time between his clerkship at the mint and teaching private classes. In 1842 he was called to his Pennsylvania home by the fatal illness of his brother. While at home he determined to embrace the legal profession, and ac cordingly, in 1843, he entered the office of Thomas White (in Indiana), judge of the old Tenth District. In September, 1845, he was admitted to the bar, and Dec. 2, 1845, he married Sarah M., daughter of John Denniston, of Indiana. In January, 1846, he made his home in Hollidaysburg, and entered the field as a disputant for legal honors and successes in Blair and its sister counties. During his extended career at the bar he has had as law partners Hon. John Dean and Martin Bell, but for a greater portion of the time has conducted unaided the details of a practice that engages his time and energies to their utmost. In 1858 he was chosen by the Republicans of his district to represent the counties of Somerset, Blair, Cambria, and Huntingdon in Congress. During his term he was conspicuously active in matters affecting the public welfare, and served as chairman of the Committee on Private Land Claims, and as a member of the Pacific Railroad Commission. Mr. Blair was strongly radical on all questions of serious public im portance, but his high standing as a zealous advocate and promoter of all measures closely allied with the general good made his name a tower of strength, and so, despite the fact that his district was anti-radical, he was re-elected to Congress in 1860. In 1862 he was put forward by his party for a third time as a congressional candidate, but that year being an " off" season for the Republicans the opposition won the victory, its candidate being Mr. A. McAllister. From that period Mr. Blair held aloof from participation in affairs of public life, and with his old-time vigor and enthusiasm devoted his exclusive attention to his increasing and already extensive practice, which, it may be remarked, he did not altogether abandon during his congressional career. During his political life, Mr. Blair was more than once a delegate to State Conventions, and in the convention that nominated Gen. Fremont to the Presidency sat as one of Pennsylvania's delegates. He has from time to time been identified with busi ness enterprises of an important character, is at pres ent a director of the First National Bank of Holli daysburg, and in many ways has shown his keen in terest in matters looking to the commercial develop ment of his county. He was one of the founders of the Blair County Bar Association, was its first presi dent, and occupies that place to-day. He was reared in the Presbyterian Church, has been a member thereof for more than a quarter of a century, and for twelve years an elder therein. As an attorney and counselor, no man stands higher in Blair and its adjoining counties than Samuel S. Blair. He stands easily first in that particular field that deals with what are called " land cases." His legal experience has led him into a complete famil iarity and thorough knowledge in that direction such as few men encompass. His practice is wide spread and arduous, but he stands sturdily to the jTlmt*? sT tfga^ B, horses, 2; cattle, 1 ; land, 200 acres held by warrant* value of pi'operty assessed, £170; State tax, 7 shillings; connty tax 3 shillings 6 pence. Sort, Jamee, horses, 2 ; cattle, 3 ; land, 250 acres held by deed ; value of property assessed, £429; State tax, £1 10 pence; county tax, 10 shillings 5 pence. . Henry, John, horses, 2 ; cattle, 1 ; land, 50 acres held by improvements* value of property assessed, £40; State tax, 2 shillings; county tax,. 1 shilling. Hess, John (McWaters' place), land, 300 acres held by warrant; value of property assessed, £225; State tax, 10 shillings; county tax, 5 shillings. Halbert, Benoni, horses, 1 ; value, £10. Holliday,3 William, Sr., horses, 3; cattle, 3; land, 500 acres held by warrant; negro slaves, 1; value of property assessed, £575; Statfr tax, £1 10 shillings; county tax, 15 shillings. Holliday, John, horses,3; cattle,4; land, 200 acres held by warrant*. value of property assessed, £217 ; State tax, £1 8 shillings and & pence; county tax, 14 shilliugs and 4 pence. Holliday, William, Jr., horses, 2; cattle, 2; land, 100 acres held by war rant; value of property assessed, £126 ; State tax, 7 shilliugs; county tax, 3 shillings 6 pence. Hoffsteder, James, horses, 2; cattle, 2; land, 100 acres held by location*. value of property assessed, £101 ; State tax, 5 shillings 8 pence;. county tax, 2 shillings 10 peuce. Hoffsteder, Mutlhew, horses, 1 ; State tax, 8 pence; county tax, 4 pence. Hess, John (B.Valley), horses, 2; cattle, 2; land, 100 acres held by- improvements; value of property assessed, £76; Stato tax, 4 shil lings 3 pence; county tax, 2 shillings 1 pence. Kerr, John, horses, 2 ; cattle, 2; laud, 300 acres held by warrant; value- of property assessed, £251 ; State tax, 10 shillings 9 pence; county- tax, 5 shillings 4 peuce. Keene, Nicholas, horses, 2; cattle, 1; land, 80 acres held by warrant; Stale tax, 3 shillings; county tax,l shilling 6 pence. Long, Claudius, horses, I ; laud, 150 acres held by location; value of property assessed, £85 ; State tax, 4 shillings 9 pence; county tax, 2 shillings 4 peuce. Long, Andrew, horses, 2; cattle, 2; State tax, 1 shilling 8 pence; county tax, 10 pence. Long, Hugh, horses, 2; cattle, 2; land, 100 acres held by location; State- tax, 3 shilliugs ; county tax, 1 shilling 6 pence. Lowry, Lazarus, horses, 2; cattle, 2; negro slaves, 1; land, 400 acres held by deed; value of property assessed, £501; State tax, £1 8 shillings; connty tax. 14 shilliugs. Laird, John, horses, 1 ; cattle, 1; land, 50 acres held by improvement;. value ot property assessed, £25; State tax, 1 shilling 4 pence; county tax, 8 pence. McDonald, John, horses, 2; cattle, 2; land, 130 acres held hy warrant; valueof property assessed, £91 ; State tax, 5 shilliugs; county tax, 2 shillings 6 pence. McDonald, James, horses, 2; cattle, 2 ; land, 100 acres held by improve ments; value of property assessed, £51; State tax, 2 shillings 6 pence ; county tax, 1 shilling 3 pence. McDonald, James (for Capt. Lytle), State tax, 9 shillings; county taxr 4 shillings 6 pence. McDonald, Angus, horses, 2; cattle, 2; land, 50 acres held by warrant; value of property assessed, £38 ; State tax, 2 shillings ; county tax,. 1 shilling. McDonald, Patrick, land, 150 acres; value, £80. McFarland, William, horses, 2; cattle, 2; land, 150 acres held by war rant; value of property assessed, £196; State tax, 7 shillings 6> pence; connty tax, 3 shillings 9 pence. Mason, Simon, horses, 2 ; cattle, 2 , land, 60 acres held by warrant ; value of property assessed, £86; State tax, 5 shillings; county tax,2shil- lings 6 pence. Mansfield, John, horses, 1; cattle, 1; land, 150 acres held by warrant*. 2 In 1790, Holliday & Sommerville were the owners of a saw-mill. FRANKSTOWN TOWNSHIP. 103 value of property assessed, £88 ; State tax, 5 shillings 6 pence ; county tax, 2 shillings 9, pence. McCune, Thonuis, horse-i, 2 ; cattle, 3; land, 350ncres held hy location ; value of property assessed, £329 ; State tax, 16 shilliugs 4 pence; connty tax, 8 shilliugs 2 peuce, McCune, John, horses, 2; cattle, 2; value of property assessed, £26; State tax, 1 shillings pence; county tax, 9 pence. Martin, Daniel, horses, 2 ; cattle, 2 ; land, 50 acres held by location ; value of property assessed, £76 ; State tax, 5 shillings; county tax, 2 shil lings 6 peuce. McPherson, John, horses, 1 ; cattle, 1 ; land, lOOacresheld by location ; value of property assessed, £41; State tax, 2 shillings 3 pence; county lax, I shilling 2 pence. Murray, Hugh, horses, 2; cattle, 2; value, £26; State tax, 1 shilling 6 pence; connty tax, 9 peuce. Mcintosh, Andrew, horses, 1 ; cattle, 1 ; land, 100 acres hold by location ; value of property assessed, £63; State tax, 1 shilling; county tax, 6 pence. Mcintosh, Donald, horses, 1 ; cattle, 1 ; land, 250 acres held by loca tion ; value of property assessed, £88 ; State tax, 6 shillings 6 pence ; county tax, 3 shillings 3 peuce. Milligan, Edward, horses, 2; cattle, 2; land, 200 acres held by loca tion; value of property assessed, £126; State tax, 4 shillings; county tax, 2 shillings. Moore, Samuel, horses, 2; cattle, 4; land, 190 acres held by patent; value of property assessed, £177; State tax, 8 shillings 6 peuce; county tax, 4 shillings 3 pence. Moore, Daniel, horses, 3; cattle, 4 ; land, 190 acres held by patent ; value of property assessed, £182; State tax, 8 shilliugs 6 pence; county tax, 4 si i i llings 3 peuce. Moore, James, horses, 2 ; cattle, 2 ; land, 300 acres held by warrant; value of property assessed, £260. North, John, horses, 2 ; land, 100 acres held by location ; value of property assessed, £80; State tax, 3 shillings 6 pence; couuty tax, 1 shilling 9 pence. Newcomer, John, horses, 1; cattle, 1 ; stills, 1; land, 100 acres held by location; value of property assessed, £78; State tax, 3 shilliugs 6 pence; couuty tax, 1 shilling 9 pence. Nipps, Christopher, horses, 2; cattle, 2; land, 150 acres held by location; value of property assessed, £130; State tax, 5 shillings 8 pence; county tax, 2 shillings 10 pence. Nelson, Daniel, horses, 2; cattle, 2; land, 200 acres held by location; value of property assessed, £176; State tax, 7 shillings 8 pence; county tax, 3 shillings and 10 peuce. Pringle,1 William, horses, 2 ; cattle, 2 ; land, 200 acres ; held 50 acres by warrant, aud 150 by location; value of property assessed, £201; State tax, 9 shillings 2 pence; county tax, 4 shillings 7 pence. Patton, Matthew, horses,2; cattle, 2; land, 100 acies held by location ; value of property assessed, £200; State tax, 6 shillings ; county tax, 3 shillings. Ricketts, Robert, horses, 2 ;' land, 200 acres held by location ; value of property assessed, £170 ; State tax, 7 shillings 6 pence ; couuty tax, 3 shillings 9 pence. Royaler, Johu, horses, 2 ; cattle, 2 ; value of property assessed, £26 ; State tax, 1 shilling 6 pence ; county tax, 9 peuce. Robison, Abraham, horses, 3; cattle, 4; land, 200 acres held by warrant; value of property assessed, £142; State tax, 9 shillings 3 pence; county tax, 4 shillings 7 pence. Beed, William, horses, 2; cattle, 3; land, lOOacresheld by improvement; value of property assessed , £78 ; State tax, 5 shillings ; couuty tax, 2 shillings 6 pence. Stephens, Jacob, horses, 1 ; cattle, 3 ; grist-mills, 1 ; land, 100 acres held hy warrant; value of property assessed, £125; State tax, J.0 shillings; county tax, 5 shillings. Shingletaker, Jacob, horses, 3 ; cattle, 1 ; value of property assessed, £33 ; State tax, 2 shillings; county tax, 1 shilling. 1 Capt. John S. Pringle, son of the William Pringle here mentioned, was born in Frankstown township in 1804. In 1826, with his rifle on his shoulder and a small pack of clothing upon his back, he walked over the mountains to Brownsville, on the Monungahela, and found work in a boat-yard. In 1828 he superintended the construction of the first fiat- bottomed steamboat ever launched. His reputation then established, he became a master boat-builder, and in his yards, managed by himself and nous, have been constructed over five hundred steamboats of all classes. Since 1843 he has lived at West Brownsville, Pa., in the small framed house in which James G. Blaine was born. Smith, James, horses, 3; cattle, 3; land, 200 acres held by warrant; value of property assessed, £139 ; State tax, 5 shillings; county tax, 2 shil lings 6 pence. Stewart, Charles, horses, 1 ; land, 50 acres held by Improvement; value of property assessed, £22 ; State tax, 1 shilling 4 pence ; county tax, 8 pence. Shively, Christopher, horses, 3; cattle, 5; land, 250 acres held by war rant; value of property assessed, £195; State tax, 14 shillings; county tax, 7 shillings. Titus, Peter, horses, 8 ; cattle, 3 ; land, 300 acres held by warrant; value of property assessed, £392 ; State tax, £1 2 shillings ; county tax, 11 shillings. Titus, Dtmi I, horses, 3 ; cattle, 3; land, 300 acres held by warrant; value of property assessed, £339; State tax, 16 shillings; county tax, 8 shillings, Thomas, Samuel, horses, 1 ; cattle, 1 ; land, 100 acres held by warrant ; State tax, 2 shillings; county tax, 1 .shilling. Tipton, Edward, horses, 1; cattle, 1; value of property assessed, £160; Siate tax, 4 shillings ; county tax, 2 shillings. Torrance, John, horses, 2 ; cattle. 4 ; negro slaves, 1 ; land, 100 acres held by location; State tax, 5 shillings 6 pence; county tax, 2 shillings 9 pence. Tipton, Measnugh, horses, 1; cattle, 1 ; value of property assessed, £116 ; State tax, 4 shillings; county tax, 2 shillings. Tipton, Jesse, horses, 1 ; cattle, 1 ; land, 50 acres. Vertz,* Henry, horses, 2 ; cattle, 2 ; land, 100 acres held by warrant ; value of property assessed, £126; State tax, 5 shillings; county tax, 2 shillings 6 pence. Vineman, John, horses, 3; cattle, 3; land, 200 acres held by warrant; value of property assessed, £239; State tax, 10 shillings; county tax, 5 shillings. Wolf, Leonard, horses, 2; cattle, 3; land, 300 acres held hy warrant; value of property assessed, £254 ; State tax, 12 shillings ; county tax, 6 shillings. Wise, John, horses, 3; cattle, 3; land, 100 acres held by warrant; value- of property assessed, £139; State tax, 6 shillings; county tax, 3 shilliugs. Willmms, John, horses, 1; cattle, 1; value, £13; State tax, 8 pence; couuty tax, 4 pence. Williams, William, horses, 2 ; cattle, 2 ; land, 100 acres held by location ; value of property assessed, £101 ; State tax, 5 shillings ; county tax, • 2 shillings 6 pence. Waters, Michael, horses, 2 ; cattle, 2; value of same, £26; State tax, 2 shillings; county tax, 1 shilling. Whitinger, Francis, horses, 2; cattle, 2; land, 200 acres held by location ; value of property assessed, £76. WJiitinger, Henry, Wurren, John, land, 150 acres, held hy location; value of property as sessed, £112; State tax, 4 shillings; county tax, 2 shillings. Wareham, John, horses, 3; cattle, 2; land, 200 acres held by location ; value of property assessed, £236; State tax, 10 shillings 6 pence; couuty tax, 5 shillings 3 pence. Waggoner, John, horses, 2; cattle, 2; land, 100 acres held by improve ments; value of property assessed, £76; State tax, 4 shillings 6 pence: county tax, 2 shillings 3 pence. Wright, William, liorses, 1; cattle, 1; value of same, £13; State tax, 8 pence ; couuty tax, 4 pence. While, Matthew, land, 100 acres held by improvements; State tax, 3 shillings; couuty tax, 1 -shilling 6 pence. Wellbaum, Charles, horses, 2 ; cattle, 2 ; land, 100 acres held by locatjon ; State tax, 4 shillings ; county tax, 2 shillings. The single freemen over twenty-one years of age, residents of the township in 1788, were Andrew De- venny, William Devenny, Dr. John McCloskey, who owned a horse, John Davis, James Farrell, Stephen Atchinson, James Kerr, John Reed, Matthew Hoff- steder, John Thompson, David MeRoberts, Daniel McDonald, Patrick Sullivan, William Patterson, Samuel Caldwell, William Blair (an Irishman), Wil liam Blair (a native), John Babes, and Alexander McDonald. 2 Probably intended for Wertz. 104 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. RESIDENT TAXABLES OF 1800. John Agnew, John Allen, John Adams,i Boston Bouslongh, Robert Bouck, Samuel Browson, John Bowman, George Boyle, John Bard, Barna bas Bonner, Johu Bush, William Bond, Frederick Crissman,? William Crawford, Patrick Cassidy,8 George Coons, George Cunningham, Jr., George Cunningham, Sr., John Cunningham (tailor), John Cunning ham,4 James Condron, Josiah Clossin, Samuel Davis, Wm. Devenny, ThomaB Downing, Jacob Diehl, Michael Fetter,' John Fetter, Mar tin Fleshman, Alexander Fulton, Samuel Fetter, Paul Frazier, Geo. Gibson, Samuel Gripe, Josepli Gripe, John Gray, John Gripe, Sr., John Gripe (painter), Adam Holliday.' Mary Holliday, William Hol liday, John Holliday, Jared Irwin, John Irwin, James Irwin, David Jones, James Keene, James Kerr, Henry Learner,' John Long, Laza rus Lowry,3 Henry McConnell, Joseph Myers, Simon Mason, James Mclntire, Thomas McCune, James McCune, George Myers,0 John McKillip, Daniel Murray, John McClellan, John McPherson, Ed ward Milligan, James Moore,8 Joseph Moore, Daniel Moore,8 David Mdore,0 Andrew Mcln tosh, John McLanahan, James Morton, Robert Provines, Patrick Porter, Joshua Parrish, William Pringle, John Phinniman, Abraham Robison, Mark Reed, John Reed, John Steel, Charles Stewart, James Sommerville, Daniel Shirely, Christian Shirely, David Stutteman, James Smith, ratiick Sullivan, Alexander Stewart, John Sunders, Jacob Secrist, Jacob Stultsman, Nicholas Stdttsman, Jacob Shirely, Y. Storm, William Shippen, S'tmuel Thomas,™ David Ullery, Stephen Ullery, Leonard Wolf, John Wise, Joseph Wreuch, Jr.,11 Peter Wreuch, John Wrench,10 David Wrench, Joseph Wrench, Sr., John Wareham, Sr., Henry Wertz, Henry Wertz, Jr., Michael Waters, George Wenham, John Wenham, Mar tin Wenham, John Waggoner, James Woodrow, John Wilson, Oliver Westover. The single freemen, residents during the same year, were James Robison, Aaron Robison, John Robison, James Dodds, Martin Myers, Daniel Myers, Abraham Lighter, Henry Wertz, Jr., Patrick Cassidy, Jr., Wil liam Irwin, John Bush, William Shippen, Robert Irwin, William Smith, Samuel Fetter, John McLan ahan, John Agnew, Robert Provines, John Holliday, Archibald McCune, Joseph McCune, Samuel Davis, Patrick Gass, Brown Wilson. THE RESIDENT TAX-PAYERS OF 1810. John Agnew, John Allen, Samuel Adams, John Adams,12 Joseph Buter- bangh, Aaron Bush, Jacob BuSlilock, Sebastian Bushlock, Peter Brewer, John Bard, Dr. John Buchanan,13 Absalom Bayles, Henry Bucher, George Bechtel,John Brubaker, Stephen Brothers, Michael Bradbaugh, John Bela, Joseph Christy, William Crawford, Benja min Castlebarger, Samnel Craig, Jacob Condron, John Cunning ham, Abraham Cumbaker, Peter ClosBin, John Christy, John Count/,, James Condron, Jacob Cramer, Peter Cassidy,14 George Cramer,10 Patrick Cassidy, Andrew Chidester, Edward Dougherty, David Davis, Samuel Donner, Richard Diury, Michael Fetter, John Forrester, Robert Felton, Harmon Ferber,18 George Foglesong," Paul Frazier, John Grove, Christian Ghost, Christian Garber,18 Jacob Garman, George Gibson, Peter Gear, Andrew Henderson (for Hollida3'sburg), Andrew Hildebrandt,10 Johu Hogh, John Haines, Michael Hileman, Jr., Peter Hetrick, Michael Hileman, Sr.,20 John Hileman, Mary Holliday, (widow) John Holliday, William Holliday, Benjamin Henley, Francis Henry, Robert Hamilton, Jacob Hazel, Patrick Hamilton, Philip Hetrick, Anthony Hileman, John Holliday (major), James Irwin, James Irwin, Jr., John Irwin, Peter Isenour, Jared Irwin, John Irwin, William Jones, David Jones, Jenkins Jones, Evan JoneB, Sarah Jeck, Henry K. Ketner, Henry Kisner, Lud- 1 Tavern-keeper. 2 Tavern-keeper. 3 Owned a Baw-mill. 4 Tavern-keeper. ° Owned a grist-mill. 0 Owned one slave, one saw-mill, and seven hundred acreB of land. ' Tavern-keeper. 8 Owners of Blaves. 9 Owned grist- and saw-mills. 10 Owned a saw-mill each. 11 Probably intended for Bench. 12 Tavern-keeper. 18 Practicing physician. u Owned a saw-mill. 10 Owned a distillery. 1B Owned a distillery. " Owned two distilleries. 18 Owned two distilleries. 10_0wned a distillery. 20 Owned a distillery. wick Kemmerlin, James Long, Lazarus Lowry,21 Henry Learner a John Long, John Larkin,23 John Learner, Christian Lingafelter, Richard Lewis, John Lingafelter, James Leucenty, Alexander Lowry, Peter Michael, Henry McConnell, David Myers, David Me dline, James Molholm, Hugh Molholm, James McEntire^Epliraim Markel, Daniel Murray, David Marks, Jacob Miller, Adam Miller, James Mcf'owan, James Martin, James McCloskey, Archibald Mc Cune, William McKillip, Edward Milligan, David Moore,s5 John Mc Pherson, Ruth Moore (widow), Daniel Moore, Samuel Myers, Thomas McGee, William Molholm, Martin Myers,20 Patrick McCoy, William McGreary, Daniel McCauley, Jonathan Neff, Jacob Ollery,2' Stephen Ollery,28 William Piingle, John Powell, John Pechel, Joseph Patton,2* Thomas Powell, David Rench,30 Joseph Rench, Jacob Reriek. Abra ham Robison. Abraham Robison, Sr.,81 James Robison, John -Rubi- son, Peter Reep, Jabez Reese, Ludwick Sharrer, John Shoenfelt, John Steel, James Sommerville, James Smith,82 Daniel Slouecker, Abra ham Sells, Henry Steffler, Thomas Snyder, Henry SlingliifT,33 Mexan- der Stewart, Henry Stewart, Peter Stiphey, Nicholas Stiphey, David Sommerville, Jasper Smith, Sever, Siimuel Thomas, George Trippey, Oliver Westover, John Wise, Sr.,84 John Wise, Jr., George Wareham, John Wareham, Jr., Morgan Wedge, Johu Watts, Charles Wellbaum, Abraham Yingling, Christian Yerty, William Yerty. The single freemen at the same time (1810) over twenty-one years of age were David Agnew, David Sommerville, John Markle, Josiah Clossin, George Shippey, Aaron Allen, Aaron Robison, Christian Garber, William Smith, George Learner, John Mal- holm, James Frazier, John Larkin, Samuel Myers, Daniel Markley, Isaac Thomas, James Mclntire, Abraham Myers, John Chamberlin, William Lock ard, Edward Dougherty, James Clossin, Gideon Richey, John Allen, James Robison, John S. Allen, Richard Drury, Robert Irwin, William Malholm, John Kesner, Joseph McCune, Edward Milligan, James Stewart, William Learner, William Moore, Andrew Allen, Abraham Gibson, George Elliott, Peter Clossin, and Thomas Murray. There were then reported 20,744 acres of resident lands, 20 village houses and lots, 223 horses, 294 cattle, 26 distilleries, 46 mechanics, 5 grist-mills, 5 saw-mills, 3 tanneries, 1 slave, and 20,284 acres of unseated lands, the assessed valuation of property in the township being $115,641. RESIDENT TAXABLES IN 1820. Peter Albaugh, Johu Adams, Andrew Allen, Aaron Allen, Robert Alii- Bon, Henry Bamford, Thomas Brotherline, Daniel Brua, JameB Buchanan, Matthew Buchanan, Jonathan Benter, Absalom Boyle, Jacob Bouslough, Jacob Burket, John Bard, Jr., John Bard, Sr., John Barr, William Bard, Boston Bouslough, Esther Bouslongli, John Brubaker, Patrick CaBsidy, James Cassidy, Peter Cassidy,85 Baltzer Conrad, Jam.es Conrad, Jacob Coufer, Peter ClaWBon.Jr., Peter Clawson, Sr., Abraham Crumhaker, Arthur Crawford, John Cruse, Samuel Crawford,30 John Colby, Francis Campbell, Francis Cassidy, Jacob Condron, Anthony Dobbins, William Donaldson,81 Martin Denlinger, Henry Denlinger,88 Isaac Denlinger, Joshua 21 Owned one grist-mill, one saw-mill, four distilleries, and one slave. 22 Owned two distilleries. 28 Agent for one grist-mill and one saw-mill. 24 Owned a diBtillery. 20 Owned a grist- and saw-mill. 20 Owned a gri«t-mill, two distilleries, and a tannery. 21 Owned a grist-mill and two distilleries. 28 Doubtless intended for Ullery. 22 Owned a tannery. so Owned two distilleries. 81 Owned two distilleries. w Owned two distilleries. 33 Owned a saw-mill. s< Owned two distilleries. as Owned a saw-mill. . M Owned a saw- and grist-mill. 81 Owned a distillery. as Owned a saw- and grist-mill. FRANKSTOWN TOWNSHIP. 105 Davis, Daniel Double, Thomas Duncan, Samuel Duncan, Christian Denlinger, Charles Donaldson, Philip Ed mi 'ton, Robert Elliott, Harmon Farber, Paul Frazier,1 John Forrester, Kobert Felton, John Foglesong, Christian Garber, James Garagaii, John Grover, Chris tian GhoBt,. Jr., Peter Good,2 Christian Ghost, Sr., Jacob Gorman, Conrad Geesey, James Gibson, John Qirst, John Gibson. George Gibson, Abraham Gibson, Huntingdon, Cambria and Indiana Turn pike Co., A. Hildebrand, Isaac Haines, Peter Hewit,3 Robt. Hannah, Michael Ililemnn,4 John Hileman,' Jacob Hazel I, Jacob Howe, Isaac Haller, John Holliday, William Holliday, Stophel Harbster, John Henry, Michael Hileman (carpenter),. Christopher Irvine,6 Robert Irwin, William Irwin, James Irwin, John Irwin (weaver), John Irwin, David Jones, Elijah Justin, Dr. Alexander Johnston, Henry Kephart, Alexander Knox, John Keene, Jacob Keys, Jacob Keller, John Kemberling,6 Daniel Kemberllng,7 Jolui Kune, Henry Ketner, John Kephart, John Kinports, Richard Lilly, Frederick Lindsey, David Lindsey, John F. Lowry8 Lowry & Garber, Alexander Lowry, Henry Learner,9 John Learner, George Learner, George Lingafelter, John Lingafelter, Mary Lowry, James Long, James Lafforty., Laz arus Lowry, Martin Myers, Robert McNamara, Peter Michael, Henry McConnell, Mary McConnell, Sarah Marks, Joseph Moore, James McCahan, Samuel Martin, David McMurray, James Mclntire, Wil liam McKillip, David Markley, David Murray, John McPhersons Tbomas Moore, Daniel Moo re,10 Samuel Moore, Jesse Moore, John McFarland, Adam Mogle, James Matthews, Robert Mclntire, Joseph McCune, Benjamin McCune, James McCloskey, George McKee,11 John McNair, James McNamara, Peter Miller, John Nowell, John Nory, Joseph Patton,12 Frederick Rodkey, John Robison, Samuel Riddle, John Rhule, James Robison, Abraham Robison, David Rench, John Riddle, William Riddle,18 Aaron Robison, John Smith, Leonard Stevens, William Sentger, George Slonecker, John Swoope, John Shannon, Peter Steffy, James Sommerville, Geo eg e Stumbaugh, William Smith, James Smith, Henry Stewart, Isaac Slippey, Henry Sterner, Jacob Sentz, Henry Slingluff,14 Abraham Selly, Michael Sigler, Nicholas Steffy, Peter Stoner, Nicholas Sevey, John Shene felt, Isaac Thomas, Samuel Thomas, Matthew TJtley, Thomas Weaver, Oliver Westover, George Wareham, Jacob Weaver, Jacob Walter, John Walker,15 John Wareham (potter), James Wilson, John Wise, Jr., John Wise, Sr., Jacob Wertz, Charles Wilson, William Wilkin son, William Wells, John Wolf, John Torty, William Torty, Charles Toung. The single freemen in 1820 were, — John Allen, Thomas Bechtel, James Burns, Edward Conrad, John Conrad, James Cain, Abner Clabaugh, Robert Clark, Jacob Cruse, John Cain, Arthur Dobbins, Edward Dougherty^ Isaac Edwards, Daniel Foglesong, James Frazier, Paul Frazier, Simon Frazier, Alexander Frazier, James Freeborn, Adam Fanallman, Salloman Filler, John Foglesong, James Grove, David Good, George Gust, Joseph Geesey, William Gibson, George Howe, Abraham Hare, Alexander Holliday, Henry liileman, William Ilollis, David Hoover, Michael Hileman, Daniel Hileman, John Irwin, Jr., Anthony John ston, Henry Ketner, Ephraim Lindsey, Robert Lowry, William McNamara, David Mitchell, Joseph Moore, Thomas Martin, John Mclntire, George Meanner, David Meanner, Henry Mogle, William Moore, McGee (potter), James McNamara, Thomas McCune, Thomas Richey, Jacob Spealman, Joseph Steel, William Stewart, Jacob Weaver, Jacob Wertz, Jacob Wareham, William Wood_burn, Robert White, David Wolf. THE RESIDENT TAXABLES IN 1830. John Adams, David Aurandt, James Berry, Daniel Brua, George Buchanan, Absalom Boyles, John Brandon, Aaron Burns, Thomas Brotherline, John Bard, Samuel Brown, James Buchanan, John Baker, Samuel Bard, Joseph Bouslough, Philip Cams, Jacob Confer,16 Jacob Confer, Jr., Henry Clapper, Francis Campbell, John Conrad, 1 Owned a distillery. * Owned a distillery. 6 Owned distillery. ' •" Owned a distillery. 8 Owned a distillery. 2 Owned a saw-mill. 4 Owned a distilltery. * Owned a saw-mill. 8 Owned grist- and saw-mill. ™ Owned grist-mill and saw-mill. 11 Owned a grist-mill, saw-mill, and distillery. u Owned a tannery. ls Owned a tannery. . "Owned a grist-mill, saw-mill, and distillery. 16 Agent for a grist-mill. lfi Owned a saw-mill Lloyd Coats, Dennis Clark, Baltzer Conrad, John B. Christy, Hiram Clark, Jnmes Conrad," William Cunningham, Andrew Copps, Jacob Clossin, James Conroy', Daniel Cooper, Jacob Condron, George Confer, George Clnpp>r, Abraham Crumbaker, Arthur Crawford, John Cruse, John Carroll, Jacob Cruse, John Confer, Augustus Cruso,18 Johu Cruse,' Jr., James Clossin, Peter Cassidy,18 Francis Cassidy, Mary Cassidy, Daniel Ditch ,18 John Dare, Peter Dunn, Samnel Duncan, Daniel Double, Ruse Davis, James Dillon, Anthony Dobbin, William Donaldson,18 Martin Denlinger, Henry Denlinger, John Dell, Robert Elliott, Peter Emory, Isaac Ed wards, Thomas Engles, Samuel Frampton, Paul Frazier, Aaron Farber, JameB Frazier, Daniel Finney, Henry Fulton, John For rester, Daniel Foglesong, John FogleBong, Elijah Free, Solomon Filler, Adam Finnolman, William Farqnher, Alexander Frazier, James Galbraith, Christian Garber, James Garahan, John Gibsou, George Gibson,10 Abraham Gibson, George Geesey, Charles Gibson, Conrad Geesey, Henry Geesey, James Gibson, Christian Ghost, Wil liam Ghost, Jacob Geesey, Jacob Gorman, Ephraim Galbraith/ JameB Grove, John Grove, Henry Gatz, Killtp Gwinn, Abraham Good, Peter Good,20 Benjamin Good, Thomas Galbraith, Thomas Gorley, John GibBon, Jacob Garmo, Suttle F. Henry, William Holliday, Joseph Harlan, Peter Hewit, Ezra Hart, I?aac Haines, Isaac Holler, Daniel Hileman,21 Susana Hoover, George Hite, John Harpster, Henry Hile man, Philip Hileman, Michael Hileman, Joseph Hileman, George Hileman, Frederick Harpster, William Henry, John Handcuff, Jacob Hull, Michael Hileman, Guffin Hartman, Christian Harp ster, Robert Hamilton, Charles Huff, Samuel Harpster, Daniel Hewit, David Hewit, John Irwin, Jr., Robert Irwin, John Irwin, Thomas Johnston, William Johnston, Dr. Alexander Johnston, John Kephart, Jr., John Kephart, Elizabeth Kune, Alexander Knox,*2 Christian Kindig, Daniel Kemmerling, Christian Kune, Henry Kephart, John Kemmerling,23 Jacob Kays, Christian Ketner, Henry Ketner, Daniel Keech, Michael Keech, John Kinports, John Kneedles, Solomon Kersner, John Kays, James Lindsey, Frederick Lindsey, Robert Lowry, James Long, Henry Learner, David Lind sey, Sr., Joseph Lindsey, John F. Dowry,21 Henry Learner, Jr.,26 Henry Learner, David Learner, John Lingafelter, Eli Lingafelter, Sarah Lingafelter, Henry Learner, Lazarus Lowry, Alexander Lowry, William Learner, Ludwick Lingafelter, James McCahan, John McGinnis, James McCloskey, Joseph McCune, Joseph Moore, Dennis McCloskey, Peters Myers, Martin Myers, John McKee,20 George McKee,2? James Mclntire, Henry McCauley, James Mathers, Robert Mclntire, Barnabas McConnell, Mary McConnell, Peter Michael. Patrick McShane, Dr. John Metzger, JameB Mcintosh, Francis Maize, J.McIl wain, Stephen McClain, R. McNamara,28 Henry McConnell, Cornelius McConnell, Daniel McConnell, Sarah Murks, Henry Mogle, Adam Mogle, David Markey, Edward Milligan, Thomas and Samuel Moore, Jesse Moore,29 Robert Marshall, Joseph McCormick, David H. Moore,29 William McKillip,™ William Mc Farland, Thomas McCune, James McNamara, John Miller, Francis Morang, John McAnulty, Samuel Miller, William McManamy, Joseph Patton,81 Daniel Redman, John B. Riddle, Abraham Robison, David Rench, James Robison, Abraham Robinson, Jr., William Rid dle, William Ramsey, Stephen Rose, John Rhule, Daniel Rodkey, John Rillinger, Juhn N. Riddle, John Shaffer, Abraham Spealman, Jacob Sells, Henry Slingluff,32 Jacob Sever. Peter Steffey, Nicholas Stt-ffey, Peter Steflfey, Jr., John Sharer, Matthew Shields, Henry StiffiVr, John Shannon, John Shoup, Henry Shirley, John Smith, James Smith (Newry), Abraham Smith, John Swoope, James Somer- ville, Jr., Michael Stover, John Shenefelt,83 William Smith, Solo mon Stumbaugh, James Smith, Andrew Stephens, Henry Stewart, Massey Stewart, David Sparr, George Stumbaugh, Isaac Slippey, George Stumbaugh, Jr., Catherine Salyards, Sarah Sever, John Spielman, Jacob Sloneker, James Sommerville, Henry Shnll, Samuel ' Smith, John W. Shugart, Joseph Steel, Dr. Thomas Stark, William Stevens, David Scott, John Thomas, William Vaughn, James Vaughn, " Owned a tannery. 19 Owned two mills. 21 Owned ar distillery. 23 Owned two mills. 25 Owned a distillery. 27 Owned a mill. 29 Owned mills. 81 Owned a tannery. 33 Was proprietor of town of Frankstown. 18 Owned mills. 20 Owned a grist-mill. 22 Owned a distillery. 24 Owned a grist-mill. 26 Owned a tannery. 28 Owned a distillery. 30 Owned a tannery. 82 Owned a mill. 106 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. William C.Wilson, Daniel Wi:ts, William Woodbnrn, Henry Weaver, John Wareham, Oliver Westover, John Westover, Thomas Weaver, David Wertz, Charles Wilson, Jacob Wolf, Jacob Walter, George Weaver, Jacob Weaver, Jr., Jacob Weaver, Sr., Solomon Wise, Samuel Wilson, Margaret Whitaker, Sebastian Wonderly, John Wise, Jaccib Wise, William Walls, Jacob Wertz, Jacob Wertz, Jr., John Walker, William Westover, Jonathan Westover, Benjamin Yingling,! j,,nn Yorty (cooper), John Yorty, George Yinger, John Zigler, Jacob Zigler. Single Freemen.— Joshua Aurant, William Adams, John Adams, Daniel Auustat, William Bandon, John Bandon, Joseph Conrad, Elijah Conrad, Henry Cruinbaker, Michael Campbell, Samnel Dibble, Simon Frazier, Isaac Fisher, John Foglesong, William Gibson, Mi chael Garman, Johu Garman, Jonathan Houck, William Holliday, Josepli Ililemnn, Samnel Hoover, Daniel Hewit, Anthony Johnston, John Ketner, John King, Ephraim Lindsey, JosepluLindsey, George Lichty, James McCahan, Thomas McCloskey, Patrick McCloskey, James McCloskey, S.imuel Myers, John Metzger, William McCon nell, Johu McCune, George Manner, John Manner, David Markle, Samuel Moore. Johnston Moore, William Moore, Alexander Martin, Samuel C. Miller, William S. McConnell, Daniel Piper. Samuel Red man, Abraham Robison, Patrick Storm, Jacob Stiffler, Christian Stiffler, John Shaffer, William Shaffer, Daniel Stewart, William Spealman, Patrick Smith, Henry Weaver, Peter Weaver, David Wolf. Frankstown Village. — Just when this locality as sumed the aspects of a village we cannot determine, but probably some time about the year 1800, upon the establishment of Lazarus Lowry's2 grist- and saw mills. At that time John Cunningham was the inn keeper. In 1810, Dr. John Buchanan was the resident physician, and the manufactories consisted principally of distilleries, though Joseph Patton had a tannery in operation. The village then contained twenty houses and lots. In 1820 among its business men were Sam uel Crawford, Henry Denlinger, each of whom owned mills; Peter Hewit, a distiller and merchant; John F. Lowry, proprietor of a grist- and saw-mill ; Lowry & Garber, merchants; and Joseph Patton, tanner. Among the retailers3 of foreign merchandise in 1824 (of other than wines and spirits) were Christian Garber and William Shiffler. The Huntingdon, Cambria and Indiana turnpike was then an important avenue of travel, and the pro posed canal and Portage Railroad (which its projec tors intended should connect at Frankstown) was then agitating the minds of all of those in the State fore most in works of internal improvement. 1 Agent for two mills. 2 Mr. Lowry sold goods here as early as 1790. s The merchants in the township in 1824 were James McNamara, Robert McNamara, Christian Garber, John Swoope, Alexander Knox, William Sh filer, and John M. Blair & Son. Smith & Brandon were then engaged iu the sale of liquors. The tavern-keepers in the town Bhip iu 18:12 were Henry Denlinger, Charles Cox, John Kinports, James Buchanan, David McKillip, Jacob Weidensall, William Donaldson, Wil liam Johnston, Philip Leamey, Jacob Nofsker, John Gannon, Jeremiah Murray, James Johnston, John Lytle, Bartle Harford, and Michael Hayden. In 1841 (Blair township having been erected from Frankstown in 1839) the merchants doing business in Frankstown were, in the borough, Hileman & Hammond and Wolf & Williams; in the township, Condron & Good. Iu 1816 (ihe year of the organization of Blair County) there were iu the township McNeal, Lytle . Mr. Shock has occupied places of public trust for more than thirty years, and as a conscientious public servant has obtained an enviable record. In 1852 he was chosen justice of the peace. He served three full terms (fifteen years), and resigned during the fourth to take his seat in the Legislature. In 1862 he was elected county commissioner, and in 1876 he was called to represent Blair County as a State legis lator. For about twenty years he has been a director of the public schools, and for more than thirty years has been a township official. In July, 1864, Mr. Shock enlisted in the military service, under the call for one hundred days' men, as a member of Company G, One Hundred and Ninety- fourth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. Nov. 7, 1864, his regiment was mustered out, and Feb. 24, 1865, he was mustered into the service again at Har risburg as recruiting officer. He recruited eighty-six men for one year's service, was commissioned captain, and was attached with his command (Company F) to the Seventy-seventh Regiment Pennsylvania Volun teers on the 7th of March, in East Tennessee. Al though the regiment had seen some very severe ser vice previous to that time, its history subsequent thereto was a bloodless one. East Tennessee and Texas provided the campaign-grounds, and Dec. 5, 1865, at Victoria, Texas, the command was mustered out of the service. Jan. 18, 1866, Capt. Shock re- GREENFIELD TOWNSHIP. 119 turned to his Pennsylvania home, and resumed once more the avocations of a peaceful life. In politics he has ever been a stanch Republican, and in religion an ardent Methodist. Of that de nomination he has been a valuable working member since 1842; since 1848 a member of the Claysburg Methodist Episcopal Church, nearly all of that period superintendent of the Sabbath-school, and since 1857 one of the church stewards. Early Merchants, etc.— During the year 1840, Philip Pringle and Abraham Klotz opened the first stock of goods ever exposed for sale in the village. They continued in business but a year or so, however. The building occupied was of logs, and stood on the site of Abraham Burket's present store-house. David Longenecker & Bro. (Daniel) was the next firm, commencing in 1846 or 1847. Their business was carried on in a log building which stood on the grounds now occupied by George W. Mauk's dwell ing. In 1850, John Walker and George Vickroy established a small store on the north side of the creek. Failing, the stock was purchased by J. Irvine, of Williamsburg. Meanwhile the Longeneckers had removed to the building now owned by J. D. Eckhard. Subsequently David retired from the firm, Daniel con tinuing until 1852, when he also was bought out by Mr. Irvine. One of the oldest merchants now in active business in Blair County is George W. Mauk, of Claysburg, where he has been engaged in merchandising since 1852. He was born in Bedford County, March 6, 1826. His father's ancestors were among the early settlers in York County and his mother's in Cumberland County. His father, Jacob B., was a farmer, and with him young George lived until he reached his twenty-third year, dividing his time between the district school and farm labor. At the age of twenty-three he entered the employment of Joseph Blackburn, a carpen ter, living near Claysburg, Blair County. A year at the carpenter's bench satisfied him, and in 1850 he took a place as clerk in a store at St. Clairsville, Bedford Co, In 1851 he engaged as clerk with John Irvine, at Williamsburg, Blair Co., and in 1852 settled in Claysburg to take charge of a store con ducted there by Mr. Irvine. In 1854 he embarked in business in Claysburg on his own account, and since that time has steadily and successfully continued it. In the spring of 1861 he erected the store he now occupies, and in 1866 built his adjoining residence. Feb. 10, 1853, he married Rebecca, daughter of Joel Graybill, a native of Adams County, but for the greater portion of his life one of the prominent and wealthy citizens of Blair County. Mr. Mauk has two sons, — A. G. and L. G., — both born Dec. 11, 1854. The first named is associated with his father in busi ness ; the latter has resided in Oregon since 1876, where he has been engaged in railroading and farm ing. Mr. Mauk was reared in the Reformed Church, and all his life has been a stanch Republican and opponent of human slavery. Among other merchants of the village not already mentioned were John F. and F. J. Beegle. Physicians. — For many years the people of Green field depended upon Dr. Anderson, of Newry, and Dr. Butler, of Freedom, when medical treatment was required. Finally Dr. Fish (not a graduate of any medical institution) and Dr. Mullen lived and prac ticed in various portions of the township; neither was very successful though, the citizens, as heretofore, relying mainly upon Dr. Butler. Dr. J. W. Johnston, well known in Southern Blair and Northern Bedford, is regarded as an eminently self-made man. As a youth he earned the money that paid for his classical education, and later on paid also himself for his course in medical instruction. He STOKE AND RESIDENCE OP GEO. W. MAUK, OLATSBUKG, PA. began the battle of life when he was a lad, and fought it without any help. What success he has achieved he has none but himself and his home training to credit with. That he has been successful in every way is abundantly evident. He has practiced in Blair since 1867, and ranks to-day among the pros perous and skillful physicians of the county. As a citizen, he is a sterling representative of industrious energy, and takes a just pride in the knowledge that he moves with the current of this advanced age. He pursues the labors of a large practice with earnest- 120 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. ness and enthusiasm, and when at leisure enjoys the comforting influences of domestic life in his beautiful home at Claysburg. Dr. Johnston was born Jan. 17, 1843, at Woodberry, in Bedford County. His father, Thomas Johnston, is a well-known farmer-citizen of Bedford County, and still enjoys a vigorous existence at the ripe age of seventy-five. Young Johnston left home in 1861 to attend the Rainsburg Seminary, where he remained until August, 1862, — that is to say, until his patriotism as an American urged him to take his proper place in the struggle then going forward between the two sections of the country. He accordingly enlisted for a nine months' campaign as a private. He was wounded at the battle of Fred ericksburg, Dec. 14, 1862, and in May, 1863, was dis charged from the service. In August, 1863, he entered Dickinson Seminary at Williamsport, Pa., for a re sumption of his classical studies, which he pursued until June, 1864. The medical profession having be fore that been chosen as his way in practical life, he entered the office of Dr. Samuel H. Smith, of Wood berry, upon returning from school, and in the fall of 1865 entered Jefferson Medical College. The ensuing year he took a course at the Albany, N. Y., Medical College, and graduated there Dec. 23, 1866. Clays burg, Blair Co., was selected as his field for prac tice, and there he opened an office Feb. 5, 1867. He had come to stay, and that he was in earnest in saying so he soon proved. His practice steadily expanded with time, and soon placed him in an assured position, which from year to year has thus far continued to grow more firmly fixed. In November, 1871, he mar ried Ella B., daughter of Paul Mauk, of Claysburg. Of the union three children are living. Dr. J. H. Weaver established himself in the village in 1875, and remained about five years, being suc ceeded in the fall of 1879 by his student, the present Dr. Herr. Claysburg Lodge, No. 713, I. 0. 0. F., was in stituted July 21, 1870, the first officers being David Shaffer, N. G. ; Samuel E. Hoenstine, V. G. ; John D. Eckhard, Sec. ; G. W. Mauk, Jr., Asst. Sec. ; Chris topher Emeigh, Treas. ; Solomon W. Fickes, S. W. ; James Dodson, J. W. ; A. V. Dively, C. ; John Hoover, O. G. ; and Jacob Snowberger, I. G. During the meeting which resulted in the election of these officers, John W. Johnson, John Harbaugh, and David Empfield were elected members of the lodge. Subsequent Noble Grands, or presiding officers, have been Samuel E. Hoenstine, elected in the spring of 1871 ; John G. Rhodes, fall of 1871 ; William W. Withington, spring, 1872; John D. Eckhard, fall, 1872 ; James Dodson, spring, 1873 ; Christopher Emeigh, fall, 1873 ; John Hoover, spring, 1874 ; Moses Walter, fall, 1874 ; Daniel Shock, spring, 1875 ; Jacob Snowberger, fall, 1875 ; William H. Hoenstine, spring, 1876; James A. McVicker, fall, 1876; John D. Eck hard, spring, 1877 ; Albert J. Filler, fall, 1877 ; Josiah C. Burke, spring, 1878 ; Thaddeus Lingenfelter, fall, 1878 ; David Jones, spring, 1879 ; Henry S. Wertz, fall, 1879 ; Henry S. Wertz, spring, 1880 ; B. D. Mar tin, fall, 1880 ; Solomon W. Fickes, spring, 1881 ; Jacob Cam, fall, 1881. The present officers, who were elected in March, 1882 : Jesse Brooks, N. G. ; John E. Campbell, V. G. ; Daniel Shock, Sec. ; Solomon W. Fickes, Asst. Sec. ; and Samuel E. Hoenstine, Treas. Until the completion of Odd-Fellows' Hall (which was dedicated Nov. 6, 1873) meetings were held in the second story of " the stone house." The hall, with lots, furnishing, etc., cost two thousand two hundred dollars. It is a handsome two-story framed structure, twenty-six by forty-five feet ground plan. The first story was leased to the Methodist Episcopal Church of Claysburg in February, 1879, for a term of fifteen years. Since organization one hundred and eight members have belonged to the lodge. The present members in good standing number thirty-eight, and regular meetings are held every Saturday evening. Early Teachers, etc. — Among the early teachers of the township prior to the passage of the free-school act in 1833 were James Langham, who taught as early as 1812 in a log building which, having a clapboard roof and slab benches, stood near Black's Mills. Robert H. Kirby, an old bachelor, came later, and taught for several years. Levi Lamburn, a Quaker, who wore buckskin knee-breeches, buckled shoes, etc., was reputed the best among the early pedagogues. He taught mensuration, surveying, etc., in the neigh borhood afterwards known as Sarah Furnace, also in the northeast quarter of the township. James Roach, John McGary, John Kemp, Richard Butler, John Dodson, and Matthias Walter are also mentioned as among the early really excellent teachers. As show ing the present condition of the public schools of Greenfield we append the following, taken from the annual report for the year ending June 1, 1882 : Whole number of schools 7 Whole number of teachers employed 7 Number of pupils enrolled in all the schools 343 Average daily attendance 194 Amount of tax levied for school purposes $744.86 Money Received. Balance -on hand from last year $216.26 Received from the State 226.42 Received from collector of taxes of all kinds 773.86 Monet Paid Out. For teachers' wages $925.00 For rent and repairs 20.73 For fuel and contingencies 106.26 For fees of collector and treasurer 57.17 For salary of secretary, etc 11.00 For printing, etc 4.00 For debt and interest paid 13.62 For exonerations 27.00 Resources and Liabilities. Cash on nand $50.76 Amount due , 71.23 Religious.— Since the first settlement of the town ship the Lutheran, German Reformed, and Metho dist Episcopal Churches have predominated. The earliest meetings were held in dwelling-houses, and later in log school buildings. In 1810, however, ^fr£r^ ^f~~^r*io^<} C&K/ GREENFIELD TOWNSHIP. 121 members of the Lutheran and German Reformed Churches, jointly, built the old Greenfield Church. It, too, was of logs, and stood some two miles south of Sarah Furnace, just over the line in Bedford County, as the lines are now drawn. This was the only church structure in a wide section of country for many years. Soon after the building of Sarah Furnace, or about the year 1834, Dr. Peter Shoenberger completed a log church edifice there, which still remains. It was placed at the disposal of all denominations, and was the first building erected for purposes of religious worship in the township as now formed. The Sarah Furnace Church was then used by the German Re formed, Lutheran, and Methodist Episcopal denom inations until 1846, when the Union Church edifice at Claysburg was built by the German Reformed and Lutheran people, the Methodists continuing to wor ship at the Furnace Church until 1879. German Reformed Church. — This congregation originally belonged to the Greenfield Church in Bed ford County, but owing to the inconveniences expe rienced by many in attending that church, by reason of the distance and bad roads, they, in connection with their Lutheran brethren, determined to build what has since been known as the Claysburg Union Church. This building cost seven hundred dollars. The corner-stone was laid in August, 1846, and the dedicatory services were held November 8th of that year. Rev. Frederick A. Rupley (now a resident of Mar tinsburg, Pa.) organized the new congregation and preached the dedicatory sermon. He began preach ing here regularly once in three weeks from April, 1847, and administered the Lord's Supper for the first time in this structure on Easter Sunday, 1847. During his pastorate this was part of the Greenfield charge, but with the coming of his successor, Rev. Jeremiah Heller, it became a separate, independent organization. Martin Lingenfelter as elder, and Abraham Lingenfelter as deacon, were the first offi cers elected. Present communicants number one hundred. The Sunday-school is in charge of Jacob Snowberger, and is composed of the children of Ger man Reformed and Lutheran parents. The church building occupied is one built in 1846. Of the pastors who have officiated here, Rev. F. A. Rupley remained until June, 1850; Rev. Jeremiah Heller, from December, 1850, to September, 1855 ; Rev. Nicholas E. Gilds, from January, 1856, to April, 1865; Rev. C. U. Heilman, from Aug. 1, 1865, to Feb. 5, 1871 ; Rev. William D. Lefevre, from March, 1871, to October, 1873 ; Rev. Samuel R. Bridenbaugh, . from early 'in 1874 to the latter part of 1876 ; Rev. H. F. Long, from February, 1877, to November, 1881 ; Rev. William M. Andrews, the present pastor, came here from Ohio, May 1, 1882. • Lutheran Church.— Like their Reformed brethren, the Lutherans of the present township were identified and connected for many years with the Lutheran congregation of the old Greenfield Church. Under the pastorate of Rev. Mr. Eyler, they assisted to build the Claysburg Union Church in 1846. Among the successors of Mr. Eyler have been Revs. Mr. Schwartz, Feichtner, Frazier, Gerhart, Boyer, Mc- Henry, and Henderson. A new and neat church edifice is now being built in the village of Claysburg. The congregation num bers one hundred and twenty at this time, and the officers are David Shaffer, Jacob Snowberger, and Samuel E. Hoenstine, elders ; Henry Hoenstine, M. M. Moses, and Christian Eversole, deacons. Methodist Episcopal Church. — Among quite early and prominent members of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Greenfield were Henry Wertz, Elijah Bor ing, Henry Speice, David Lucas, John Ferguson, Samuel Ferguson, Peter Winebrenner, Mr. Cramer, Christopher Gillespie, and Capt. Daniel Shock.1 Of the members of the Sarah Furnace class in 1849, an old class-book mentions the names of Elijah Boring, Susan Boring, Henry Wertz, Catharine Wertz, Daniel Shock, Sarah Little, John B. Miller, Frances Miller, John Wisegarver, Elizabeth Wisegarver, Sarah Cal lahan, Mary A. Perkins, Rebecca Kissner, Isabella Callahan, Anna Wisegarver, Elizabeth Spearman, and Ann Callahan. From the building of the church at Frances Fur nace until the spring of 1879 regular meetings were held at the Furnace Church. Since the latter date the first floor of Odd-Fellows' Hall, in Claysburg, has been occupied, a lease of the same having been ef fected for a term of fifteen years. The pastors for years past have been Revs. Joseph G. McKeehan, A. E. McClay, Franklin Gerhart, Stevenson, Stephens, Christopher Parkison, Henry Wilson, Francis Ritchey, William Meminger, Richard Hinkle, Nathaniel Colburn, J. A. Melick, J. H. McGarrah, D. B. McCloskey, James M. Clark, A. W. Decker, Richard Mallalieu, W. H. Norcross, W. C. Robbins, Hugh Linn, A. W. Decker, W. W. Reese, James M. Clark, and Luther F. Smith, the present incumbent, who resides at Duncansville. The members at this writing number twenty-six. Sarah Furnace. — This furnace (until demolished in the winter of 1881-82, served as a prominent land mark in the southwestern part of Blair County) was built by Dr. Peter Shoenberger, the great iron-master, in 1831-32, and first went into blast August 12th of the latter year. Ore was obtained on the opposite side of the mountain, in the present township of Tay lor, and the furnace was operated in conjunction with the Maria Forges in McKee's Gap. If Sarah Fur nace ever paid for operating, however, it was under the management of Dr. Shoenberger, for with all others it was a dismal failure. 1 Capt. Shock became a resident of Claysburg in 1848. During the v/ar of the Rebellion he served with great credit in the Seventy-seventh Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. 122 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. CHAPTER XVIII. HUSTON TOWNSHIP. This township, lying between Woodberry and North Woodberry townships and occupying a portion of Mor rison's Cove, possesses all of the natural features, beauties, and advantages in common with its neigh bors here mentioned. From the date of the organiza tion of Woodberry until the year 1842 (when it was erected as a separate township) it formed part of the first-mentioned division. By the formation of Taylor township in 1855, however, its territory was dimin ished. As now organized, it has Woodberry town ship on the north, Huntingdon County on the east, North Woodberry township on the south, Taylor and Frankstown townships on the west. Clover and Piney Creeks, flowing to the northward, are its principal sources of water supply and drain age. Fine farming lands and comfortable farm buildings abound along the highways, which take the direction of these streams, and the appearance of things generally throughout the township indicates thrift and prosperity. On Clover Creek, in the north west corner of the township, is situated the hamlet known as Clover Creek post-office, while in the south east corner, on Piney Creek, is located the Rebecca Furnace.1 At the first-named place, or, as it was known in early days, " Clappertown," the Lutherans have a neat church edifice, in charge of the pastor of the Williamsburg Church. Two years after its organization, or in 1844, Huston contained two hundred and twenty-one married taxa bles and fifty-one single freemen. Dr. Peter Shoen berger and Samuel Royer & Co. then owned all of the unseated lands, and the total valuation of all property assessed was $289,383, on which a county tax of $367.75 and a State tax of $324.84 was levied. In 1860 the township had a total population of 1214. There were 1385 inhabitants in 1870, and in 1880, 1533. The number of taxables in 1880 was three hundred and forty ; value of all real estate, $317,572. The Early Settlers. — Settlements were made in the territory now termed Huston township simulta neously with or immediately succeeding those first established in other parts of the " Great Cove," but the lapse of nearly a century and a quarter and the 1 The Rebecca Furnace was erected in the year 1817, being the first furnace built by Dr. Peter Shoenberger, who afterwards became the most prominent iron-master in the State of Pennsylvania. Edward H. Lytle became the owner of the furnace many years ago, and it is Btill owned by his heirs. Essington Hammond operated it for about five years prior to 1870, then B. M. Johnston Sc Co. until 1873. It then remained idle until January, 1881, when Dr. S. M. Royer, of Mar tinsburg, operated it for one year, employing over fifty men, and pro ducing thirty-five tons of pig metal per week. This was the fourth furnace built within the limits of the present county. Other iron enterprises of Dr. Shoenberger in the Juniata Val ley were numerous and extensive, and their beginning follows closely upon the building of Rebecca Furnace. absence of authentic data renders it extremely diffi cult at this time, we might say impossible, to deter mine with any degree of accuracy just when and by whom. However, among those who were settlers prior to the beginning of the Revolution were Jacob and Conrad Brumbaugh, Harmonus, John, Jacob, and Henry Clapper, David Coughenour, Isaac Hutson, Christian Hoover, Paul and Jacob Rhodes, Philip Metzker, Jacob Smith, and his son Jacob, Jr., James Spencer (who lived on the premises now occupied by a Mr. Obenour), William and John Shirley, Christo pher Shrom, Henry Wesour, or Wisour, and doubtless a number of others. During the years intervening between the close of the first struggle with Great Britain and the year 1800, many other families had taken up their abode in this portion of the Cove. Among those who were residents in 1800 we find mentioned Christian, Leon ard, and John Acker, George, Jacob, John, John, Jr., and Conrad Brumbaugh, Emanuel Ludwig, David Coughenour, Abraham Ditch (the latter two operating a grist- and saw-mill on Clover Creek), Casper Dil- linger2 (who owned a saw-mill), John and George Everhart, Nicholas Fouse, John, Matthew, and Rich ard Hutson, Christian Hoover (who owned an oil- mill on Piney Creek), Abraham Longenecker, Philip Metzker, Samuel Mobley, Harmon Obenour, Paul, Jacob, and Christian Rhodes, James Spencer, Jacob Sheets, Stoephel Shrom, Jacob Smith, Adam Sorrick (who then owned a grist-mill), Henry Solliday, Henry Wisour, and Jacob Willhelm. ¦ Among additional residents mentioned in 1810 were Joseph Everhart, George Foutz, Samuel, John, Fred erick, William, Jonathan, Martin, and Jacob Hoover, Andrew Metzker, and Daniel Wiltrout. However, for names of other residents of that year, also during the years 1820 and 1830, the reader is referred to the history of Woodberry township, of which Huston then formed a part. In the year 1842 a new era dawned upon the small bit of territory now under consideration. The ancient township of Woodberry was then divided, and to the southern part was given the name of Huston. As pertinent to this matter we find, by referring to the records of Huntingdon County, that before the Hon. Abraham S. Wilson, president judge, and Joseph Ad ams and John Kerr, Esqs., associate judges, at a Court of Quarter Sessions convened at Huntingdon on the 8th day of August, 1842, the report of John Clark and John Aurandt, who, together with John M. Gibboney, were appointed at January sessions, 1842, to view and divide Woodberry township, which was read at April sessions, 1842, and confirmed, and again read at Au gust sessions, 1842, and confirmed, was ordered to be recorded as follows: 2 Mr. Dillinger was another of the many early settlers of Pennsylvania who crossed the ocean in the service of His Britannic Majesty, although subjects of the reigning house of Hesse-Cassel. He settled on tbe Re becca Furnace property. HUSTON TOWNSHIP. 123 " To the Honorable the Judges within named i "We, the subscribers, commissio nera, appointed in the within order of court, have met according to appointment, and, after having first been swqrnand affirmed according to law, do report, That we have exam ined the said township, and are of opinion that a division of the same should be made. We have therefore located a division line commenc ing at a stone heap on the summit of Tussey's Mountain, on the line be tween the townships of Walker aud Woodberry, theuce running north seventy degrees weBt, leaving the farm of William Shaffer on the north and that of Aaron Burns, Esq., on the Bouth, crossing the Barren Ridge, leaving Springfield Furnace on the north and Henry Reigart's farm on the south, intersecting the line between the townships of Woodberry and FrankBtown, on the summit of Lock Mountain. A plot or draft of the said township and its proposed division is herewith annexed. "Witness our hands the 7th day of April, a.d. 1842. " John Clark, "John Aurandt, Commissioners, "And now, 19th of August, 1842, read and confirmed, and the new township named by the court Huston, iu honor of the Hon. Charles Huston, at present a judge of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, and formerly an eminent member of the bar of Huntingdon County. " By the Court." THE TAXABLES OF 1844. {According to the second assessment of Huston township.) John Adams,1 John Amey, George Amey, John Acker (of Henry), Henry Acker, Sr., Johu Acker, Sr., Henry Acker (of John), John Acker (of John), Christian Acker (of John), Francis Ambrower, John Belch, Simon Blake, Adam Brocht, Susannah Bare, Mary Bare, George Bare, Jacob Butter baugh, John Brumbaugh (of Jacob), Jacob Brum baugh, Sr., Jacob Brumbaugh (of George), Peter Bower, Jacob Brumbaugh, Jr., John Bridenthall, John Bower, George Brum baugh, Christian Brumbaugh (of George), John Brumbaugh2 (miller), George Beach, David Butler, John Butler, John Brown, Sr., James Blake, Sr., Edward Ball, John Boyer, Daniel Brown, George Bittle, John Brown, John Croff, Henry Clapper, Amos Clark, Jeremiah Colighaa, Matthias Cahoe, Jacob Clingman, Adam Oar- bough, Henry Oeger, Daniel Clapper, David Cayhoe, John Cayhoe, Daniel Cayhoe, Conrad Dilling, Caspar Dilling, John Davis, Kobert Davis, Henry Ditch,» John Ditch, Abraham Ditch, John Dilling's heirs, Henry Daley,4 Henry Dilliug's heirs, Widow Dilling, Henry Donaldson, Martin Eshleman, Daniel Eshleman, Sr., John Fry, William Fouse, Peter Foutz, Frederick Fouse/> Adam Fouse. John Folkender, Jona. Foubo, Joel Grabill, Caspar Gundar, John Gabler, Joseph Graffus, Christian Good,6 John Ganer, Daniel Garner, John Graffus, George GriBor, John Gates, Sr., Washington Gunnett, Law- son Gunnett, Rezin Gunnett, Joseph Gates, George Gunnett, James Gilchrist, John Gates, Jr., Henry Henry, Jacob Hoke, David Hoover, Christian Hoover, Isaac Hoover, Jacob C. Hoover, Montgomery Hughes, James S. Hamilton, Francis B. Hoover, Michael Hetrick, Christian Hewit, Henry Kinkle, Elizabeth Hoover, William Hawk- enberry, Christian Henly, Samuel G. Hoy, Peter Harrigan, Jr., Peter Harrigan, Sr., Abraham Hale, Bobert Huston, Jacob Hoover (D. Gap), John Hoover (L\ Gap), Elizabeth Henley, Susannah Horn, George Horn, August Huffman, John Kayler, F. Kayler, George Kotzbower, Andrew Kotzbower, John Kigy, Peter Longenecker, George Lytle, Abraham Lingenfelter, Conrad Ling, Elizabeth Liday, Dennis McKerver, Samuel McDavitt, John Mock, Jacob Michael, William Miller, DavidJVIartin, Robert Miller, John Muritz, Samuel Mountain, Dennis McGarvey, Jno. McKee, Wm. Muritz, Owen Man- aly, Jno. McGraw, Jno. McKennan, Henry Mapes, Jno. Morgan, An drew Morgan, Wm. Marston, Jacob Miller, Jno. Miller, Jacob Myers, William McDavitt, Jr., William McDavitt, Sr., Hugh W. Moore, John Metzger, Peter Morningstar, John NiBwanger, John Nicode mus, Henry Niswanger, Jonathan Neill, David Obenour, John Ott, Henry Powell, Daniel Powell, George Powell, Charles Rhodes'" (of Christian), Paul Rhodes, Mary Rhodes, Esther Rhodes, Elizabeth Rhodes, Abraham Rhodes, Christian Rhodes (of Abraham), Samuel Rhodes (of Abraham), John Rhodes (of Samuel), Samuel Rhodes, Frederick Rhodes (of Samuel), James Roller's heirs, Samuel Rhodes (of Christian), Henry Reigart,* Joshua Roller,* David Rice, Freder- 1 Owned a grist-mill and other valuable property. a Owned a grist-mill and saw-mill. 3 Owned a grist-mill. 4 Owned a distillery. 5 Owned a saw-mill. 8 Owned a saw-mill. 7 Owned a pottery. 8 Owned a saw-mill. 9 Owned a saw-mill. ick Rhodes, Frederick Rhodes (of Daniel), Abraham Rhodes (of Daniel), Christian Rhodes (D. Gap), Samuel Rice, Thomas Robison, Joseph Rickard, Johu Rush, Owen Reilly, Henry Read, Thomas Roddy, Barnabas Stroup, John Slcyles, John Shelly, Henry Slingluff, Abraham Stoner, Barbara Senabough, Rudolph Spang, John Smith's heirs, Jacob Smith, Juhn Smith, Jacob Shlngler, George Shingler, Peter Shoop, Anthony Shullenberger, Mary Shrom, Peter Shoenberger,1') Jacob Snobarger, Peter Stiffey, An drew Snobarger, Frederick Snobarger, Jacob Shanefeld, William Sbiffler, George Stover, Thomas Shearman, Jacob Shock, David Teeter, Joseph Tetwiller, Dudley Templeton, Andrew Tiernan, Michael Wike, George Wike, Henry Wike, George Wolf, Samuel Zimmerman, Peter Zimmerman. Single Freemen. — Abraham Acker (of Henry), Henry Acker (of Henry), David Acker (of John), John Clapper, Thomas Cummings, Thomas Culian, Abraham Ditch, John Daley, Richard Dunlap, John Eshle man, Daniel Eshleman,. Jonathan Fouse, Edward Gillespie, Anthony Gillespie, Patrick Garrigan, Abraham Hoover, Samuel Hughes, John Hoover, Levi S. Hoover, George HuBtou, Peter Harrigan, Jr., Ed ward Huffman, Peter Longenecker, Abraham Lingenfelter, John Ling, John Lybarger, Jacob Michael, Peter Muritz, Isaac Mapes, David Morgan, Andrew Morgan, Martin Myers, Jacob Miller, Michael McNally, Joseph Marley, Henry Niswanger, Jacob Rhodes (of Abraham), Abraham Rhodes (of Abraham), Samuel Rhodes (of Samuel), Jacob Rhodes (of Samuel), JameB Regan, John Reilly, Philip Reilly, William Smith, Joseph Shingler, Andrew Shingler, Matthias Stulenberger, John Smith, Jacob Teeter, Abraham Feeter, Bartholomew Tiernan. The unseated lands of the township were then all owned by Peter Shoenberger and Samuel Royer & Co. Jacob Hoover was the assessor, and the total valuation of all property assessed was $289,383, on which a county tax of $367.75 aud a State tax of $324.84 was levied. PRINCIPAL TOWNSHIP OFFICERS (Since the first election, which was held in the spring of 1843). 1843.— John Smith, constahle ; Adam Fouse, George Emigh, supervisors ; David Hoover, John Brumbaugh, overseers of the poor; John Mc- Kiernan, Henry Clapper, George Wike, auditors; Jacob Hoover, Henry Wike, Frederick Foubo, David Rice, Henry Reigart, school directors. 1844.— Peter Longenecker, constable; Michael Wike, Adam Fouse, su pervisors; Henry Wike, Frederick Fouse, overseers of the poor; Jacob Hoover, auditor; Adam Fouse, John Acker, school directors. ISiS. — George Bare, constable ; Michael Wike, John Acker, supervisors ; Henry Wike, Henry Daley, overseers of the poor; Henry Clapper, John Acker, school directors. 1846. — Rudolph Spang, constable ; John Bowers, Casper Dilling, super visors; John Grafeus, Jacob Smith, overseers of the poor; Michael Wike, auditor; Philip Roller, George Wike, school directors. 1847 —Henry Clapper, John Brumbaugh, inspectors; Christian Stoner, Henry Wike, Reuben Whittaker, George Greaser, Michael Hetrick, school directors; John McKiernan, auditor; William Fouse, Philip Roller, overseers of the poor; Henry Wike, assessor; Jacob Shoen- felt, justice of the peace. 1848.— John Faulkender, justice of the peace; Peter Longeneker, con stable; John Bowers, George Wike, Bupervisors; Christian Stoner, assessor; Christian Good, Samuel RhodeB, school directors; Reuben Whitaker, auditor. 1849.— Christian Stoner, justice of the peace; C. Stoner, assessor; Chris tian Acker, constable ; Christian Acker, Henry Clapper, supervisors ; John Acker, auditor; John Acker, J. C. Hoover, school directors. 1850.— Reuben Whitaker, justice, of the peace ; J. B. Shenefelt, assessor ; J. McKiernan, auditor; Jacob Smith, Christian Acker, supervisors ; Adam Fouse, J. B. Shenefelt, school directors. 1851. — Henry Wike, justice of the peace; Reuben Whittaker, assessor; Henry Acker (of John), constable ; Jacob C. Hoover, John Daily, supervisors ; John Rhodes, Jacob Hoover, school directors. 1852. — John B. Shenefelt, assessor and constable ; John B. Smith, An- io Owned over fifteen hundred acres land in the townBhip, twenty-two horses, one furnace (Rebecca), and one saw-mill. 124 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. thony Daily, supervisors; Adam Flenner, George W. Brumbaugh, school directors; George F. Wike, auditor. 1853.— Michael Wike, assessor; Frederick Fouse, George W. Hoover, justices of the peace; George Lytle, constable ; Christian Rhodes, George Nicodemus, supervisors ; James Roller, William Estep, Jacob Smith, Bchool directors; James Roller, auditor. 1854.— Michael Wike, assessor; John H. Dilling, Jacob Brumbaugh, supervisors; John H. Clapper, Christiau Brumbaugh, school direc tors; George H. Hoover, auditor. 1855. — Michael Wike. assessor; Samuel W. RhodeB, Michael Hetrick, supervisors; John B. Shinefelt, Dewalt Foubo, school directors; Samuel W. RhodeB, auditor. 1856.— John Smith, assessor; Christian Acker, Jacob Smith, supervisors ; John D. Dailey, Jacob C. Hoover, school directors ; 0. B. Rhodes, William Eastep, auditors. 1857. — Henry Wike, constable. No record of other offlcerB. 1858.— R. M. Whittaker, assessor; Jacob Smith, Isaac Dilling, super visors ; John Dilling, John McGraw, Adam Fouse, R. M. Whittaker, J. H. Dilling, school directors; John H. Dilling, auditor. 1859. — Daniel Hoover, assessor ; J. C. Hoover, Adam Fouse, supervisors; Jacob C. Hoover, David Aurandt, school directors; Daniel Hoover, auditor. I860.— Isaac Dilling, assessor; Daniel Paul, Henry Acker, supervisors; Christian Brumbaugh, John B. Smith, school directors. 1861. — David Aurandt, assessor; George Greaser, Samuel C. Rhodes, supervisors ; W. H. Lingenfelter, John T. McGraw, school directors : John H. Clapper, R. M. Whittaker, auditors. 1862. — Isaac Kensinger, assessor ; Jacob Smith, John S. Acker, super visors; John Acker, George Smith, school directors; John B. Smith, H. Seedeubaugh, auditors. 1863. — George Smith, assessor; Johu D. Dilling, John S. Acker, super visors; Isaac Dilling, Christian Brechbill, school directoiB; John Daily, auditor. 1864. — Daniel Hoover, assessor; Dewalt Fouse, Daniel Detwiller, super visors ; David Hamilton, George Greaser, Jr., school directors ; John B. Shinafelt, auditor. 1865. — Isaac KenBinger, assessor; D. Hagey, John F. McGraw, super visors; H. H. Bowers, Samuel Graffius, school directors; John H. Clapper, J. A. Nicodemus, auditors. 1866. — John G. Fouse, assessor ; Adam Fouse, Daniel Hoover, supervi sors; David Aurandt, Jacob C.Hoover, school directors; Adam G. Fouse, auditor. 1867. — H. Whittaker, assessor; George Smith, John Acker, supervisors; S. A. Morse, James Burkheimer, school directors; Joseph Beale, auditor. 1868.— Henry C. Rhodes, assessor; J. Acker, S. B. Rhodes, supervisors; William Shiffler, auditor. 1869 (February). — Isaac Dilling, asBessor; Thomas Kurtz, E. S. Feight, supervisors ; George W. Smith, Henry Whittaker, school directors ; C. D. Dilling, auditor. 1869 (October).— S. Metzker, P. B. Acker, supervisors; James Burk heimer, Henry Whittaker, school directors; Samuel Grabill, auditor. 1870 (October). — Daniel Hoover, assessor; J. H. Dilling, Jacob C. Hoo ver, supervisors; A. B. Burket, D. Bechtel, George Detwiller, J. G. Fouse, school directors; Jacob G. Acker, auditor. 1872 (February). — Jacob Acker, assessor; Paul B. Acker, J. H. Clappen supervisors ; A. G. Fouse, Mason Howard, school directors ; John L. May, auditor. 1873. — J. G. Fouse, asBessor; S. G. Rhodes, Jonathan Rhodes, supervi sors; J. H. Clapper, J. L. May, George W. Smith, school directors; Jacob C. Hoover, auditor. 1874. — George B. Freaser, assessor; Jabob C. Hoover, David Bechtel, supervisors; Jonathan Rhodes, Isaac Thompson, school directors; Jacob Hetrick, auditor. 1875. — H. D. Smith, assessor; Jacob D. Smith, John Acker (of H.), su pervisors; Casper D. Dilling, John S. Acker, S. B. Isenberg, school directors; Jacob Acker, auditor. 1876. — H. D. Smith, assessor ; John S. Acker, J. W. Hoover, supervisors ; George D.Smith, D. Aurandt, school directors; Jacob B. Clapper, auditor. 1877. — Henry D. Smith, aBBesaor; John Acker (of H.), Christian Rhodes, Bupervisors ; George Lower, Paul Rhodes, school directors ; D. Hoo ver, auditor. 1878.— Hugh D. RhodeB, assessor ; Henry D. Smith, Jonathan Rhodes, supervisors ; M. L. Fornwalt, John S. Acker, Bchool directors ; Jacob Acker, auditor. 1879.— John C.Smith, assessor; George Whittaker, John M. RhodeB, supervisors; George D. Smith, Levi Acker, school directors ; James Chamberlin, auditor. 1880. — A. Rhule, assessor; John H. Clapper, supervisor; Jonathan RhodeB, Henry C. Smith, school directors; D. D. Fouse, auditor. 1881.-— John Megahen, judge of elections; Hugh D. Rhodes, Henry D. Smith, inspectors; F. F. Greaser, assessor ; Henry D. Paul, George Lower, supervisors; Anthony Tetwiler, constable ; John M. Rhodes, D. F. Greaser, school directors; Samuel H. Hoover, auditor; D. A. Stewart, township clerk; D. A. Aurandt, township treasurer. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE (SINCE 1846). Jacob Shoenfelt, 1847; John Faulkender, 1848; George W. Hoover, 1853 ; Frederick Fouse, 1853; Daniel L. Martin, 1856; David Aurandt, 1859; Daniel L. Martin, 1862; George Smith, 1865; Daniel L. Mar tin, 1867 ; George Smith, 1870 ; David Aurandt, 1872 ; John Lykene, 1875; George D. Smith, 1876; George B. Greaser, 1877. Change of Boundary Line.— Early in 1872, John M. Gibboney and D. M. Bare were appointed com missioners for the purpose of changing the boundary line between Huston and North Woodberry townships. They made a report under date of May 31, 1872, which was confirmed by the Court of Quarter Sessions, Oc tober 28th of that year. The line run by them is de scribed as follows : " Beginning at a point on the county line on Tussey's Mountain ; thence running north fifty-eight and one- half degrees west (crossing Rebecca Furnace dam at upper end) five hundred and seventy-four perches to a corner of Rebecca Furnace lands, near Mrs. Beach's; thence north eighty-eight and one-half degrees west nine hundred and thirty-six perches to a point on the old line between the above mentioned townships." Lutheran Church. — On the 22d day of November, 1872, Mason Howard granted to the trustees of the Evangelical Lutheran congregation, Piney Creek, then worshiping at the Luther Chapel, thirty-five perches of land, on which said chapel then stood. See history of Lutheran Church, Williamsburg, for other particulars concerning this organization. CHAPTER XIX. JUNIATA TOWNSHIP. In 1847, Juniata township was erected from Green field, and ten years later its limits were reduced hy the formation from it of Freedom. As now organ ized, therefore, its boundaries are Allegheny town ship on the north, Freedom township on the east, Greenfield township on the south, and Cambria County on the west. Generally speaking, it may be termed a mountain township, yet its inhabitants are chiefly engaged in agricultural pursuits. Iron ore and bituminous coal abound in various localities. The Huntingdon and Indiana turnpike, as well as- the road-beds of the Portage and New Portage'Rail- roads, in following up the Blair Creek Valley, passes from east to west across the northern border. In the southern part is the hamlet known as Blue Knob, a JUNIATA TOWNSHIP. 125 post-office station, which contains a small Lutheran church edifice, cemetery, school-house, and black smith-shop. In 1880 the township contained 723 inhabitants. At the same time its taxable inhabit ants numbered 154; the assessed value of all real estate was $76,013. In 1856 (including the present township of Free dom) it contained the Gap Furnace, owned by E. F. Shoenberger ; the two Maria Forges, owned by J. W. Duncan ; the Lower Maria Forge,' owned by D. Mc Cormick ; and the Gap Forge, owned by Musselman & Co. It has no iron manufactories at the present time. Early Residents, etc. — Among the early residents were the Wilts, Burgers, Bousers, Costlows, Champe- nours, Deihls, Beegles, Feathers, Gaileys, Helsels, Conrads, Leightys,Lingenfelters,McIntoshes, Mashes, Morgans, Ehodes, Stifflers, Shaws, Longs, and Ying- lings, and probably, from the nature of its soil and surroundings, to that date the territory now em braced could not boast of more than a score or so of inhabitants prior to the year 1800. It was a part of Bedford County until the spring of 1846, when by the formation of Blair County it be came part of the latter organization. In the fall of 1846, in response to the petition of many inhabitants, praying for the division of Greenfield township and the erection of a new one, viewers were appointed by the Court of Quarter Sessions to investigate, make report, etc. Hence, at a Court of Quarter Sessions of the peace in and for the county of Blair, convened at Hollidays burg on the fourth Monday and 22d day of March, A.D. 1847, before the Hon. Jeremiah S. Black, presi dent, and George K. McFarlane, Esq., associate judge of said court, the report of Cornelius McConnell and Samuel S. Barr, two of the viewers appointed by an order of the court at the October sessions, 1846, to divide Greenfield township, was read as follows: "We, the undersigned, being duly sworn, have taken a view of the said township of Greenfield, and are of the opinion that a division of it is absolutely necessary for the convenience of the citizens thereof; and in conformity with their requests, began at the road leading from Newry to Johnstown, where it crosses the Cumbria County line on the summit of the Allegheny Mountain, and ran south seventy-nine degrees east; at four hundred perches crossed Spruce Run, leaving Henry Long to the right and Josiah Corl to the left, about thirty perches each ; at four hundred and sixty perches crossed Bobb's Creek, about forty perches south of Simon Deal's saw-mill ; at twelve hundred and eighty perches, summit of Blue Knob; at sixteen hundred aud twenty perches crossed road northeast of the Widow Maguire's old mansion-house ; at two thous and seven hundred and thirty-eight perches cornered on a white-oak near George Lingenfelter's ; thence north eighty-five degrees east ; at eighty- five perches a white-oak on the road leading from Hollidaysburg to Bed ford, in all two hundred and sixty-five perches to a pine on the summit of Dunning's Mountain : and thence four hundred and eighty perches to the line originally dividing Bedford and Huntingdou Counties, to Mc- Kee'B Gap. "Given under our hands this 26th day of December, a.d. 1846. *'C. McConnell. " Samuel S. Baee." " Report of viewers confirmed March 27, 1347, and the new township erected to be comprised of that portion marked on the plan ' North Greenfield,' to be called Juniata, and that portion marked ' South Greenfield' to retain the name of Geenfleld. ( ^e Court-" In the spring of 1848 the resident taxables of Juniata township, including those then residing in what is how known as the township of Freedom, were as fol lows ; the names of those known to us as having then been residents of Juniata as now formed are denoted by an asterisk, and are printed in italics : John Ayers, John Arged, William Anderson, William Arble, Jr.,* Wil liam Arble, Si:,* Cornelius Myers, Henry Arble,* Betsey Anstadt, Henry Albright, Daniel Alee,* George Atlick, George Ackert, Jobn Albright, Isaac Bowser, John Burr, Hugh Beegle, Simon Breuinger, David Butler, Daniel Beegle, Conrad Bowlin,* Henry Buoymaster, Jonathan Brindle, James Blake, Sr., John Benner, Nicholas Burk,* Edward Burk,* John Benton. John Burns, David Burger, Conrad Bowser, Thomas Burk, James Bryan, David Brubaker, George Buck, John Biglin, Christian Buoymaster, Dennis Bradley, Jacob Brindle, JameB Burger, George Bowser, Daniel Confer, Owen Corbly, Henry Conrad, Champenour, Jonathan Conrad,* David Conrad, Jere miah Curtis, Elijah Cassidy, John Cunningham, Widow Costlow,* Alexander Costlow,* Silas Cassidy, Daniel Clark, Isaac Conrad, James Conrad,*1 Peter Costlow, George Conrad, Levi Donner, Samuel Don ner, Samuel Donner, Jr., Eli Donner, Thomas Dodson, David Deihl, James Dearmit,* Abel Davis,* James Darby, John Dougherty, William Delaney, Jonas Diehl, Polly Delaney, John Deihl, Philip Davis, Simon Diehl,2 Caleb Dunlap, William Davis, Thomas Em eigh, Patrick Eagan, John Ernfelt, Thomas W. Estep, Matthias Everhart, Daniel Eshelman, Jacob Funk, * Thomas Flinn, * James Flemming,* Patrick Farren,* Michael Fry, John Feathers, John Fiuley, George Funk, John GuUey,* Charles Gailey,* Jacob Glass, Samuel Griffith," Widow Grady, Bobert Gardner* Glover & Jackson,4 William Gibson, William Gurdon, David Hamilton, Jacob Helsel, Peter Helsel, Henry Harbison,* Henry Helsel, Henry Helsel,4 Jr., Edward Hughes, Patrick Hickey,* Hugh Howell, John Hagan, Rowland Humphrey,* Christopher Hite,* Peter Hicus,* Frazier Harlan, Joseph Harlan,* Joseph Harlan, Jr.,* William Harlan,* Conrad Hite,* Charles Huston, Peter Hetrick, Widow Helsel, Valentine Haney,* John Hamilton, Eve Helsel, Robert Hazlett, John Hazlett, Joshua Hammoud, Thomas Johnston, John Jamison, Isaac Ray, William Kelly,* Thomas Keagan,* 6 John Keech,* Joseph Kelly,* Barney Kelly,* William Kel'erman, George W. Kephart, Lawrence Keagan,* Alex ander Knox, James Keagan,* Alexander Leech,* Alexander Leech, Jr.,* Valentine Lingenfelter, Henry Learner, Henry Long, Jacob Learner, David Lewis, Thos. Law, J. Lynch, D. Lingenfelter, C. Lingenfelter, Wm. Leighty,* Jacob Leighty,*6 H. Lorentz, Wm. Lattimore, Lust, Robert Laughrey, Lyon & Mulholland, Solomon Langham, Andrew Lingenfelter, McHugh & Schoenberger/ James C. McLanahan,8 Francis McKee, Charles B. Malone, James C. McCloskey, Edward McGlew, Widow Mcintosh* Edward McGraw, EBq., John G. McKee,9 Jacob Myers, John McGraw (No. 6), James Marsden, John McCoy, John Miller, Frederick Mouse, Joseph McCormick,10 Johu McClos key , Miles McHugh, Arthur McNichols,* Henry McConnell,* John McCaffrey,* James Mcintosh, Sr., Andrew Martin, Henry McDade,* Widow McBride, Jacob Morgan,* Joshua Morgan,* John Mash* Alex ander Mcintosh,* John McGraw, Edward McGraw, John Miller (saddler), Peter Miller, Adam Moses, Robert McNamara, James Malone,* Jeremiah Manilla, James McConnell, T. McConnell, Mc Namara & Royer, Cornelius McConnell, John Menser, John Malone, Hugh McCoy, Patrick Mars,* Archibald Mcintosh,* Thomas McKay, Hugh McMullin, James McGarrily, James C. McCloskey, Alexander McKee, John McClary, Edmond Malone, James McConnell, Daniel Muses, Jacob Noffsker, Samuel Noffsker, Jonathan Noffsker, James Nolan, Lawrence Ott* Stephen Ostler, Abraham Otto, Jasper Otto, J. Pressel, D. Powei-s, William Ploughman,* John Quail,* S. Ruggles, Abruham Robison, Daniel Reese, Michael Reffner,11 Henry Reffuer, John Rousli, Simon Richards, Daniel Restler, Widow Rhodes, Solo mon Ritchey, William Ruggles, Alexander Reffner, Daniel Reffner, George Reffuer, James Stiffler, Frederick Stiffler, Jacob Smith, l Owned a grist-mill. 2 Owned a saw-mill. s Tanner. 4 Brick-makers. 6 Living in 1882, nearly one hundred years of age. 8 Owner of a saw-mill. 7 Owners of a coal-bank. s Manager. ° Owned a clover-mill and tannery. 10 Owned a saw-mill. " Owned a saw-mill. 126 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Samuel Smith, Solomon Smith, Samuel Smith (forgeman), Bichard Shirley, Anthony Sellers, James Shirley, George Simmons, John Shadle, Samuel Sisler, Samuel Singer, Andrew Stuby, Nicholas Smeltzer, Patrick Suple, John Spielman,* Widow Stephens, James Stephens* Daniel Sell, John Stiffler, James Shaw, Jacob Snowberger, Frederick Singer, Michael Stiffler, Sr., Michael Stiffler, Jr., Samuel Shaw, A. T. Schriver, Peter Stiffler, Henry Shaw, John Shaw, David Sutton, Jacob Sell, Jacob Stultz, John Shade, Edwin F. Shoenber ger,* William Shaw, William Shaw, Jr.. Daniel Sullivan, Dr. Peter ShoenbergeiS (per E. H. Lytle), Peter Stiffler, Jr., Alexander Satter- field, Springer, Daniel Straighthoof, Samuel Snyder, Michael Shay, Abraham Smith, Spang & Co., Andrew Stalp, David Sullivan, John Sheel, Henry Tickerhoof, Joseph Tetwiller, Adam Thomas, John Tickerhoof, Robert Todd, Jacob Wilt (of Thomas), John Wei- meri* David Y. Wilt, Stephen Weimert* Philip Wilt* Peter Witt* Jacob Wilt* Johu Winters, Jonas Wise, John Will,-* West & McCoy, Peter Winkler,* Jacob Wise,* George Weaver, Andrew Wilt, Joseph Will- sou, George Wise, William Wherry, Samuel WUt* Wilt & Hite, Wilt & Smith, John White, James Wise, John Yingling, George Yinger, Frederick Yingling, Abraham Yingling, Peter Yingling, Jonathan Yingling, Kephart Zeik. Freemen. — John Anderson, Arters, John Burger, William Bradley, George Bowser, Isaac BowEer, Patrick Brannon, Jacob Conrad, William Eshelman, James Eagau, Harmon Farber, Thomas Flinn, Benjamin Farber, George R. Flemming, Abraham Glunt, Mark Gillespie, Thomas Glinn, George Hite, David Humphrey, David Helsel, Bobert Keagan, Matthew Keagan, James Keagan, Lewis McKilvy, Thomas McGlew, John McCny, Michael Mcintosh, Alexander Mcintosh, Peter McDade, Alexander McMastera, George Mcintosh, Charles Myers, Edmond Malone, William McHugh, James Mcintosh, Jr., Daniel Mosey, Michael HcEmeal, George Marks, Thomas McDade, Matthew Percell, Andrew Percell, George Riffle, Henry Seabrook, Daniel Sullivan, Timothy Sullivan, Abra ham Short, George Skelly, George Shultz, Alexander Tickerhoof, Isaac W. Wilt, William Weaver, George Wilt, David Wilt, Alex ander Williams, Silas Wilt, Joseph Wample. The inn-keepers3 during the year 1848 were Samuel G. and W. Learner, George W. Kephart, James Mc intosh, and Frederick Stiffler. In April, 1866, Messrs. H. C. Nicodemus, John M. Gibboney, and William H. Brooke, commissioners, appointed by the court for that purpose, corrected and established the present line between Juniata and Freedom townships, which action was confirmed ab solutely and ordered to be recorded May 1, 1867. By the provisions of section 15 of an act en titled " An Act further supplemental to the act relative to the elections of this commonwealth," ap proved April 17, 1869, the elections for. city, ward, borough, and township officers were ordered to be held "hereafter" on the second Tuesday of October of each year; therefore township officers (except as sessors and their assistants) were elected in Juniata, as well as in all other townships, boroughs, etc., in October, 1869. However, the fifteenth section of the above-mentioned act was repealed by the passage of an act approved June 28, 1871, which provided that in the year 1872 all elections for city, ward, borough, township, and elective officers in the different divisions of the commonwealth be on the days and at the 1 Owned a furnace, forge, and store. 3 Owned a forge, saw-mill, coal-banks, and more than three thousand acres of seated lands. 8 The inn-keepers in 1849 were Rudolph Spang, George W. Kephart, James Mcintosh, and William Shaw. In 1852 the inn-keepers were David Confer, Samuel G. Learner, Wil liam Kellerman, James Mcintosh, and Rebecca Kephart. times they were held prior to the 17th of April, 1869. In consequence of the last enactment no township election was held in 1871, not again until February, 1872. VARIOUS TOWNSHIP OFFICERS (From 1848 to 1881, inclusive). 1848. — George Weaver, justice of tbe peace; A. T. Schriver, constable F. McConnell, D. Beegle, supervisors; James McConnell, assessor* V. Lingenfelter, Jacob Leighty, G. P. West, James Shirley, school directors; J. G McKee, auditor. 1849. — Adam Moses, justice of the peace; Joseph McCormick, assessor • Jos. C. Wampler, constable; D. Beegle, John Hamilton, supervisors • D. Conrad, auditor ; Edward McGraw, William Arbill, school di rectors. 1850. — John Dougherty, assessor ; James Shirley, auditor; John Ham ilton, Daniel Beigle, supervisors ; J. G. Lingenfelter, Daniel Beigle school directors. 1851. — John Dougherty, assessor; Fred. Stiffler, constable ; Johu Ham ilton, Daniel Beigle, supervisors ; Jacoh Leighty, G. P. Wilt, school directors; John G. McKee, auditor. 1852. — James Stevens, assessor; Frederick Stiffler, constable; Jamea Stiffler, John Hamilton, supervisors; Ed. McGraw, Joseph Kelly, school directors ; Jacob Nofsker, auditor. 1853. — John Shaw, assessor ; George Weaver, justice of the peace; Jona than Nofsker, constable; James Stiffler, Benjamin Farber, super visor ; Peter Stiffler, Jr., J. G. Lingenfelter, school directors ; George Weaver, auditor. 1854. — James Stevens, assessor ; James Shaw, James Stiffler, super visors; G. P. Wilt, Daniel Biegle, school directors; J. G. McKee, auditor. 1855. — Samuel Shaw, assessor; James Stiffler, George Eckard, super visors; George Weaver, Henry Lingenfelter, school directors; George P. Nofsker, auditor. 1856. — Samuel Shaw, assessor; David Y. Wilt, Peter Stiffler, Bupervisors ; Charles Gailey, John Yingling, school directors; Joseph McCor mick, auditor. 1857. — Frazier Harlin, constable. No record of other officers. 1858. — Solomon Langham, assessor ; D. Beigle, John Deihl, supervisors; Abraham Yingling, Simon Diehl, D. Beigle, school directors; Ber nard Kelly, auditor. 1859. — Joseph Wilt, assessor; David Y. Wilt, D. F. Beigle, supervisors; William Arble, William Gailey, Henry Shaw, school directors; John M. Bechtel, William Arble, auditors. I860.— George B. Kelly, assessor ; John Weimer, George P. A. Wilt, supervisors ; John Shaw, school director ; David Burger, auditor. 1861. — James Stevens, assessor; David Y. Wilt, Philip Wilt, supervisors? Jos. Kelly, Aaron Diehl, D. Lingenfelter, Henry Shaw, school direc tors; George Leighty, auditor. 1862. — John Shaw, assessor; David Y. Wilt, Philip Wilt, supervisors; Abraham Smith, James Stevens, school directors ; Patrick Mars, auditor. 1863.— D. S. Burger, assessor; David Y. Wilt, Philip Wilt, John K. Stiffler, supervisors ; Henry Costlow, John Shaw, school directors; David Lingenfelter, auditor. 1864.— Adam Diehl, assessor; Philip Wilt, Archibald Mcintosh, super- visors ; Simon Diehl, James Stevens, Henry Shaw, school directors ; G. P. Leighty, auditor. 1S65. — John Shaw, assessor; Philip Wilt, Archibald Mcintosh, super visors ; Abraham Smith, Michael Mcintosh, school directors; Pat rick Mars, auditor. 1866.— Peter Leighty, assessor ; Philip Wilt, Archibald Mcintosh, super visors ; John Shaw, H. Costlow, Michael Moyer, school directors. 1867.— John B. Skyles, assessor; D. Y. Wilt, John K. Stiffler, super visors; John Shaw, George P. Kelly, school directors; Jonathan Yingling, auditor. 1868.— JameB Stevens, assessor ; P. Wilt, A. MclntoBh, supervisors; Jas. Stevens, Michael Moyer, school directors; E. D. Hemphill, auditor. 1869 (February).— Abraham Smith, assessor; J. K. Stiffler, D. Y. Wilt, supervisors; Jeremiah Long, Abraham Smith, school directors; Geo. P. Leighty, auditor. 1869 (October).— D. Y. Wilt, J. K. Stiffler, supervisors ; David M. Leighty, George P. Kelly, school directors; George F. Clauss, auditor. 1870 (October).— George P. Leighty, assessor; John K. Stiffler, D. Y. Wilt, supervisors; S. Diehl. Adam Glass, school directors; D. J Fisher, auditor. LOGAN TOWNSHIP. 127 1872 (February).— George P. Kelly, assessor; D. T. Wilt, J. K. Stiffler, supervisors; George C. Diehl, William Gailey, Bchool directors; Geo. Olauss. auditor. 1873.— David Burger, assessor; John K. Stiffler, D. Y. Wilt, supervisors; T. S. Wilt, Moses Blackburn, school directors; Michael Moyer, auditor. 1874. — Samuel Wilt, assessor; J. K. Stiffler, D. J. Fisher, supervisors; Thomas Landis, P. Mars, school directors. 1875. — Charles Swartz, assessor; Jacob Mash, Christian Hite, super visors; Emanuel Diehl, Levi Wilt, school directors; Christian Yeckley, auditor. 1876.— Charles Swartz, assessor; H. Costlow, Jacob Mash, supervisors; F. S. Wilt, M. Blackburn, school directors ; David Y. Wilt, auditor. 1877. — J. Cams, assessor; Christian Hite, John Shaw, supervisors; Charles Swartz, William Spade, school director's; Michael Moyer, auditor. 1878. — A. C. Long, assessor; D. M. Leighty, Christian Hite, supervisors ; Jacob Mash, Emanuel Diehl, school directors; Jeremiah Long, auditor. 1879.— Jeremiah Long, assessor; J. Mash, D. Leighty, supervisors; J. Harker, A. Stiffler, school directors ; J. Shaw, auditor. 1880. — Luther Beegle, assessor; John Stiffler, Adam Thomas, super visors; William Spade, Michael Mcintosh, school directors ; David Y. Wilt, auditor. 1881. — A. D. Wilt, judge of elections; Jacob Harker, C. Swartz, inspec tors; David Lingenfelter, assessor; John K. Stiffler, Joseph Ott, supervisors; James Stiffler, constable; Jacob Mash, E. Diehl, school directors ; Michael Moyer, auditor; Samuel Hite, township clerk. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 1848, George Weaver; 1849, Adam Moses; 1853, George Weaver ; 1854, Adam Moses; 1858, Jacob Leighty ; 1860, Simon Diehl ; 1863, Jacob Leighty; 1865, Simon Diehl; 1868, Henry Costlow; 1870, Simon Diehl ; 1874, Henry Costlow ; 1875, Simon Diehl ; 1879, Frederick S. Wilt ; 1880, Michael Moyer. CH APTEE XX. LOGAN TOWNSHIP. Logan 1 township was formed from Allegheny and Antes in 1850. Cambria County and Antes town- 1 The term Logan, as applied to various sections of country, public- houses, halls, etc., in this region, was derived doubtless from the Cayuga chieftain known to the first white settlers in the Tuckahoe Valley as Capt. Logan. He came here from the valley of the Susquehanna prior to the year 1768, and settled at the spring (near Davidsburg) now owned by David Henshey, a locality still known as Logan's Valley. Ou the SuBquehanna, it appears, he was the chief of a band of war riors, but in an engagement with another tribe he had lost an eye by an arrow from the enemy. This was considered by the Indians a mark of disgrace, and he was deposed. He abandoned his tribe therefore, and took his residence in the Juniata Valley. Capt. Logan, of course, was not his proper name, but a title bestowed upon him by the whites. He was a man of medium height and heavy frame, but was fleet of foot and ever on the move. During the Revolutionary war he resided at the beautiful spring now in the heart of Tyrone City. A firm friend of the Americans during the struggle for independence, he it was who discovered and disclosed the diabolical plot of John Weston and his lories. Although he had learned to read from the Moravian missionaries when a lad, he knew very little of the forms of land purchases ; so, through his ignorance of the customs of civilized communities, he failed to purchase the spot on which his cabin stood. As a consequence, after the war, some envious white man bought the land and warned the friendly savage off. He was too proud and haughty to contest the matter, or even bandy words with the intruder ; so about 1785 he left and located at Chickalamoose, where Clearfield now stands, and there continued until the Great Spirit called him to a happier hunting- ground. ship bounds it on the north; Antes, Tyrone, and Frankstown townships on the east ; Frankstown and Allegheny townships on the south ; and the latter di vision and Cambria County on the west. , The city of Altoona occupies a central position within its bound aries, and by reason of the fact that various suburban points (known as East Altoona, Hamilton's Exten sion, Caldwell's Extension, Fairview, McCartneyville, Juniata, Calvertville, Collinsville, Allegheny Town, West Altoona, Millville, and Allegheny Furnace) lie just without the city's corporate limits, besides the many other residents clustered at Blair Furnace, Wapsononic, Belleview, El Dorado, Kittanning Point, and Glen White, the population of Logan exceeds that of any other township in the county. Thus it had (outside of the city) two thousand five hundred and thirty-eight inhabitants in 1860, two thousand four hundred and twenty-two in 1870, and four thou sand five hundred and eighty-two in 1880. Embracing (so far as its western boundary line ex tends) the eastern slope of the Allegheny range, and a portion of the western inclination of Brush Moun tain, besides numerous knobs, spurs, and high hills, having steep acclivities, with deep, narrow ravines intervening, much of its territory, although rich in deposits of bituminous coal and iron ore, can never be rendered valuable for agricultural purposes. How ever, in the southeast and northeast quarters some very good farming lands are found. The township is drained by the Little Juniata River, Homer's, Mill, Brush, Kittanning, and Bur- goon's Runs, all of which afford excellent water- power, and the last named fills the reservoir upon which the inhabitants of Altoona mainly depend for supplies of water. The iron manufactories of the township — outside of the town of Altoona — in operation twenty-five years ago were the Allegheny Furnace, owned by Elias Baker, Blair Furnace, operated by H. N. Bur roughs, and the axe and pick manufactory on Bur- goon's Run, owned by Daniel Colclesser. Those now at work are the Allegheny Furnace, by the heirs of Elias Baker, the extensive rolling-mills, etc., at West Altoona, by the Altoona Iron Company, and the axe and pick-factory, by John and Samuel, sons of Daniel Colclesser. Early History, Residents, etc.— The present town ship includes a portion of the famous Tuckahoe Val ley, which extends from Altoona to Tyrone, and within it quite a number of white families had located before the beginning of the Revolutionary war. Among them early were Thomas and Michael Coleman, Michael Wallack, James Hardin, James Hart, John Torrance, Jacob Burgoon, John Guilleford, and William Guil- leford, many of whom are mentioned in the separate histories of Frankstown, Allegheny, and Antes town ships. Of all the early pioneers of the upper Juniata Val ley though, none was better known to the Indians 128 HISTORY OP BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. than Thomas Coleman. " His very name," said Mr. U. J. Jones, " inspired them with terror, and in all their maraudings they carefully avoided his neigh borhood. He was emphatically an Indian-hater, the great aim and object of whose life appeared to be cen tred in the destruction of Indians. For this he had a reason, — a deep-seated revenge to gratify, a thirst that all the savage blood in the land could not slake, superinduced by one of the most cruel acts of savage atrocity on record. " It appears that at an early day the Coleman fam ily lived on the West Branch of the Susquehanna. Their habitation was remote from the settlements, and their chief occupation was hunting and trapping in winter, boiling sugar in the spring, and tilling some ground they held during the summer months. Where they originally came from was rather a mys tery, but they were evidently tolerably well educated, and had seen more refined life than the forest af forded. Nevertheless, they led an apparently happy life in the woods. There were three brothers of them, and, what is not very common nowadays, they were passionately attached- to each other. " Early in the spring, probably in the year 1763, while employed in boiling sugar, one of the brothers discovered the tracks of a bear, when it was resolved that the elder two should follow and the younger re main to attend to the sugar-boiling. The brothers followed the tracks of the bear for several hours, but not overtaking him, agreed to return to the sugar- camp. On their arrival they found the remains of their brother boiled to a jelly in the large iron kettle, — a sad and sickening sight truly ; but the authors of the black-hearted crime had left their sign-manual behind them, an old tomahawk, red with the gore of their victim, sunk into one of the props which sup ported the kettle. They buried the remains as best they could, repaired to their home, broke up their camp, abandoned their place a short time after, and moved to the Juniata Valley. "Their first location was near the mouth of the river, but gradually they worked their way west until they settled somewhere in the neighborhood of the mouth of Spruce Creek, on the Little Juniata, about the year 1770. A few years after, the two brothers, Thomas and Michael, the survivors of the family, moved to the base of the mountain, in what now con stitutes Logan township, near where Altoona stands, which then was included in the Frankstown dis trict. " These men were fearless almost to a fault, and on the commencement of hostilities, or after the first predatory incursion of the savages, it appears that Thomas gave himself up solely to hunting Indians. He was in all scouting parties that were projected, and always leading the van when danger threatened ; and it has very aptly, and no doubt truly, been said of Coleman that when no parties were willing to venture out, he shouldered his rifle and ranged the woods alone in hopes of occasionally picking up a stray savage or two. " That his trusty rifle sent many a savage to eternity there is not a shadow of doubt. He, however, never said so. He was never known to acknowledge to any of his intimate acquaintances that he had ever killed an Indian ; and yet, strange as it may seem, he came to the fort on several occasions with rather ugly wounds upon his body, and his knife and tomahawk looked as if they had been used to some purpose. Occasionally, too, a dead savage was found in his tracks, but no one could tell who killed him. For such reserve Mr. Coleman probably had his own mo tives ; but that his fights with the savages were many and bloody is susceptible of. proof even at this late day. We may incidentally mention that both the Colemans accompanied Capt. Blair's expedition to : overtake the Tories, and Thomas was one of the un fortunate ' Bedford scouts.' " To show how well Thomas was known, and to demonstrate clearly that he had on sundry occasions had dealings with some of the savages without the ! knowledge of his friends, we may state that during the late war with Great Britain, on the Canadian frontier, a great many Indians made inquiries about ' Old Coley' ; and especially one, who represented himself as being a son of Shingas-, pointed out to some of Capt. Allison's men, who were from Huntingdon County, a severe gash on his forehead, by which he said he should be likely to remember ' Coley' for the balance of his life. " It is said of old Tommy Coleman, but with what '• degree of truth we are unable to say, that about i i twenty years ago,1 hearing of a delegation of Indians on their way to Washington, he shouldered his trusty old rifle and went to Hollidaysburg. There, hearing that they had gone East on a canal packet, he fol- : ' lowed them some three miles down the towing-path, for the express purpose of having a crack at one of them. This story, which obtained currency at the time, and is believed by many to this day, was prob ably put into circulation by some one who knew his inveterate hatred of Indians. "An acquaintance of his, however, informs us that he had business in town on the day on which the In- ; dians passed through, hence his appearance there. His gun he always carried with him, even on a visit to a near neighbor. That he inquired about the In dians is true ; but it was merely out of an anxiety to see whether they looked as they did in days of yore. His business led him to Frankstown, but that busi ness was not to shoot Indians ; for, if -he still cherished any hatred towards the race, he had better sense than to show it on such an occasion. He died at his resi dence, of old age, about the year 1840, beloved and re spected by all. Peace to his ashes 1" There were some depredations committed by the 1 This account was written in 1855. LOGAN TOWNSHIP. 129 Indians in the Tuckahoe Valley, but, except upon one occasion, none of a very serious nature. The cause of this can be traced in a great measure to the fact that Thomas and Michael Coleman and Michael . Wallack lived in the upper part of the valley. These men were so well known and so much feared by the Indians, that although the Kittanning trail leading to the Bald Eagle Valley ran directly through Tucka hoe, they always avoided it, for fear of finding those old and experienced hunters ambuscaded along their route. Besides, Capt. Logan, the friendly chief, lived for some time in what is now known as Logan's Valley. He also was known and feared, and he was constantly on the alert to guard against the incursions of hostile savages. Add to this the fact that the valley was thinly populated, and the risk attending the hunting for scalps immeasurably great, small roving parties on but two or three occasions made their appearance in Tuckahoe. " In the fall of 1777," said Mr. Jones in 1855, " two savages took captive two children while at play near a cabin located somewhere in the neighborhood of where Mr. Hutchinson now lives. Thomas Coleman happened to be out hunting, and saw them come up the path. Each one was carrying a child, but neither of them had fire-arms, so that he felt quite at ease. From behind the tree where he stood he might easily have shot one of the savages, but he would not run the risk for fear of hitting the child, so waiting until they had passed him, he jumped into the path, leveled his gun at them, and shouted ' Surrender I' The affrighted savages dropped the children and disappeared in the woods. "On another occasion they entered the valley, stole three horses, and set fire to a stable. A num ber of the pioneers tracked them through the old war path to the top of the mountain, which was quite as far as it was prudent to venture, as that was consid ered the line dividing the white settlements from the Indian country. " The only massacre in Tuckahoe ever committed by the Indians took place in the summer of 1778. A man named John Guilliford cleared a small patch of land a short distance south of where Blair Furnace now stands, and erected his cabin near where John Trout's house is. In the spring of 1778 he abandoned his ground and cabin, after the first alarm of Indian depredations, and sought safety in Fetter's fort. In the course of the summer, after the alarm had some what subsided, Guilliford went down to see how his crops were progressing. His body was found the same day by Coleman and Milligan. It was lying at the threshold of his cabin-door, so that in all prob ability he was shot just as he was coming out of his house. Coleman and Milligan dug a grave near the hut, and buried him as he was, without a coffin. The most remarkable feature about this murder was that Guilliford was not scalped. When it is remembered that scalps were paid for at the British garrison at Detroit, the omission to scalp Guilliford appears al most inexplicable. Coleman and Milligan went in search of the Indians, but did "not succeed in getting upon their trail." The Revolutionary struggle over, the war-cry of England's savage allies was never more heard on the eastern slope of the Alleghenies, nor, indeed, east of the head-waters of the Ohio ; and in consequence of the security then afforded to both life and property, the log cabin homes of the pioneer whites (many of them peopled by those who had served against the troops of King George and the Indians) increased year by year here in the Tuckahoe Valley, as well as in all contiguous districts. Yet, by reason of the great distance from general markets, and the almost impassable condition of rude highways, unbridged streams, etc., the increase of population and values was not by any means rapid, and even until, the building of the main line of the Pennsylvania Railroad through this portion of the valley, the num ber of inhabitants, comparatively speaking, was in significant. In August, 1877, Blair County lost one of its ster ling and valued citizens in the death of William Bell, who for nearly fifty years was widely known and warmly esteemed as one of the most active and energetic members of this community. He was born in Dauphin County, and early in life was trained to be a mechanic. Studious application to his business and a natural aptitude for his calling led naturally to successful endeavors, and so in good time he rose to be a building contractor of more than ordinary im portance. Upon taking a contract to construct what was known as the " Crooked Dam" on the Juniata River (for canal purposes), in Blair County, he made his home in Williamsburg, and in the county resided ever after until his death. In the spring of 1839 he moved to the vicinity of Altoona and de voted himself to farming pursuits. Upon the home stead he passed the remainder of his life, which in all its phases presented a wholesome influence and useful example. He lived to reach the age of seventy-six, his wife (Elizabeth, daughter of Peter Good) having preceded him to the "silent majority" by eleven years. He was among the foremost workers in the Lutheran Church, and for forty-four years he was an active- and zealous member therein, having with his wife joined the church (under Rev. Jacob Martin) in 1833, while living at Williamsburg. His religious faith was a model, and the ardent enthusiasm with which he devoted himself to church-work a conspic uous illustration of that faith. A writer in The Lutheran Observer, September, 1877, touching upon Mr. Bell's character, set forth as fol lows: . . . "From a sense of duty he, with a num ber of others, united in the organization of the Sec ond English Church (Altoona). He was always 130 HISTORY OF BLAIR CC^T, PENNSYLVANIA. liberal in his contributions to the church and chari table institutions. His benevolent contributions were frequent and generous, but his last gifts were more in keeping with those enlarged views of Chris- WILLIAM BELL. tian beneficence. His character was by no means all made up of liberality, but the usual Christian graces and virtues found among the best of Chris tians were centred in him. He was a Christian gen tleman under all the circumstances of life. He was an intelligent Christian. He purchased and read the theology of his church. His place in the Sabbath- school, lecture-room, and church was seldom vacant. He carried his religion with him and let his light shine. He was a faithful Christian father, an affec tionate husband, and made himself generally useful in and out of the church." Four sons and two daughters survive him. They are David Bell, a prominent citizen of Logan town ship ; Rev. Peter G. Bell, a Lutheran minister of Indiana County; Capt. James M. Bell, Seventh United States Cavalry, stationed in Montana ; Mrs. E. P. Miller, of Kansas ; G. Thomas Bell, ex-sheriff of Blair County (and now living on the Bell home stead) ; and Mrs. Lewis Walter, of Altoona. George T. Bell, ex-sheriff of Blair County, was born in Blair County (Pleasant Valley), June 10, 1845. His father, William Bell, was a native of Dauphin County, and in his day a well-known building contractor. George was raised on the farm he now owns and occupies. August, 1864, he enlisted in the military service for a one year's campaign, and was assigned to Company A, Two Hundred and Fifth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. He partici- 1-. .!.>»<.¦ in lL.^ duga.g. .i.vnis f.-meht in front of' i'.-iers- burg and Richmond during 1864 and 1865, and was present at Lee's surrender. At the close of the war he returned home, and remained on the farm until the opening of 1867. In the spring of that year he started for California on a prospecting tour, and upon reaching Denver found the reports of Indian troubles so threatening that he decided to halt. His brother, Capt. James M. Bell, of Gen. Hancock's command, was stationed at Denver at that time, and the com mand moving to Fort Wallace soon after, George joined it for the trip. At Fort Wallace he met the surveying party of the Central Pacific Railway, and accompanied them to Santa Fi, Fort Yuma, and Southern California. He sailed from San Francisco for home via Panama, reaching Altoona in March, 1868. During his subsequent residence upon the farm he became an enthusiast upon the subject of balloon ing, and made two successful ascensions from Altoona, one alone and another in the company of Professor Light. Upon his last trip he ascended to the height of eighteen thousand feet, landing in Hollidaysburg. His first ascension was to the height of seven thou sand feet, and ended in Warrior's Mark, after having carried the voyagers forty-five miles in forty-five minutes. In 1879 he was elected sheriff of Blair County on the Republican ticket, against A. G. Sink, by over one thousand majority. Upon the conclu sion of his term he retired to private life, after having served with credit alike to himself and the people. He owns the homestead, and with his brother, Peter G., is engaged in lumbering and stone-quarry ing. It appears, however, that among those (not already mentioned) who during the closing years of the last century, and the first and second decades of the present one, sought homes in the region now known as Logan township were John Ake, who in 1810 owned grist- and saw-mills upon Homer's Run; Philip Christian, who lived in the vicinity of the hamlet termed El Dorado ; James Crawford, James Condron, Benjamin Crissman, who owned a grist- and saw-mill on Mill Run; Solomon Crissman, a distiller ; Robert Allison, who, with one named Hen derson, built the Allegheny Furnace; Jacob Criss man, Abraham Crissman, David Christian, John Coleman, Henry Colclesser, Henry Deckert, Solomon Forshey, William Forshey, William Forsythe, Willis Gibboney, who established a wool-carding and full ing-mill on Burgoon's Run, the site of the present Colclesser pick and axe manufactory; James Gray, a soldier of the Revolutionary war ; James Gray, Jr., Thomas Gray, John Gwin, William Gwin, the Gal- braiths, Alexander Hamilton, George Hamilton, Pat rick Hamilton, Peter and John Glunt, Peter Hart sock, John Hartsock, Hugh and John Long, who were residents of Pleasant Valley as early as 1788; William, Jacob, and Peter Long, William Loudon, George Kuntz, John Kinsel, William Kunsman, 4,J\<$^ & m "%<&> Ife^ i I w jU^rv j&nJ* '^ZJiTrt^- LOGAN TOWNSHIP. 131 Henry Glass, Jacob Lantz, Daniel Maurer, who owned a saw-mill in 1810, and subsequently a grist mill ; Dougal McCartney, John Mattay, Abraham Mattay, John McCauley, Lewis McCartney, Thomas McKee, Daniel, Jr., Jacob, and Henry Maurer, Pat rick McAteer, Henry McCauley, William Ruggles, Reese Rees, John Riggle, Henry Shomo, John Trout, John Venaky, a miller ; Henry Walker, a distiller ; Jacob Williman and Christian Young, a distiller; also the Akes, Burdines, Boyles, Buttonbergs, Do- mers, Hutchinsons, Hunters, Igous, Irwins, Kelsos, Myers, Mathews, McCauleys, Robisons, Smiths, Snyders, Stewarts, Trouts, and Yinglings, in the part then known as Antes township. In 1830 there were among its residents Samuel Anderson, Robert Allison, an iron-master (Allegheny Furnace) ; Barnabas Burgoon, owner of a coal-bank ; Jacob Burket, Joseph Cadwallader, Abraham Criss man, owner of grist- and saw- mills ; Jacob Crissman, James Coleman, John Coleman, Thomas Coleman, the veteran Indian-fighter ; Christian Denlinger, Solomon Forshey, William Forshey, Benjamin Figert, Henry Glass, Jr., Robert Gray, Abraham Glunt, Willis Gibboney, proprietor of fulling-mills, carding- machines, etc. ; Jacob and Henry Glunt, Peter and Valentine Glunt, who owned a saw-mill; James, James, Jr., and Thomas Gray, James, John, and Alexander Gwin, James Galbraith, Michael Hile man, who owned a saw-mill and distillery ; Robert A. Hamilton, James Hamilton, John, Jonathan, Stephen, and Samuel Hartsock, John Kinsel, who owned a saw-mill; William and Jacob Kunsman, George Kuntz, George Kissel, Jacob, John, and Jon athan Lantz, William Loudon, Ludwick McCartney, Jacob Miller, Allen McCartney, Thomas McKee, John McCartney, Henry and Jacob Maurer, Abra ham Mattay, William McAteer, Patrick McAteer, Samuel McKee, John Ruggles, William Ruggles, Henry Shomo, George and Joseph Sands, John Smith, Henry A. Shomo, Adam Turnbaugh, Henry Walker, Jacob Williman, James Walker, Jonathan Westover, Christian and Joseph Young. The late John Anderson, of Logan township, Blair Co., was a man of sterling qualities, and left upon the local record a mark that will long remain a valuable heritage. He was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, Aug. 26, 1791 (his father being there a landholder), and about 1811 emigrated to America. He located at St. Johns, N. B., where he embarked in lumbering with one Hunter. Remaining in St. Johns a few years, he was then engaged to take charge of a farm near the city of Boston. There he passed about two years, when he decided to move to Huntingdon County, Pa., in which locality his sister, Mrs. George Whittaker, and two brothers, William and Samuel, had been resi dents for some time. Previous to locating in Hun tingdon County, ^however, he spent some time in travel, and visited in his tour thirteen of the United He farmed awhile near Alexandria, and af terwards assisted his brother Samuel in the conduct of the latter's farm near Altoona. While there he married Susan, daughter of Christian Young (about 1834). After his marriage he rented the Beals farm, then occupying the place now covered by William M. Lloyd's home in Altoona. At the end of three years he bought a four-hundred-acre farm in Logan township, and made his home there in 1838. There he resided until his death, Dec. 31, 1882, aged ninety- one years and four months. He was a man of powerful physique, and scarcely knew what it was to be ill. His life was one of extraordinary activity, and although he began to fail physically shortly before his death, he retained his mental faculties in almost unimpaired vigor to the last, his keenness of memory being remarkable. He was a member of the Presbyterian Church nearly all his life, participated in the organization of the First Presbyterian Church of Altoona, was one of its trustees, and until his death a member thereof. He was a warm friend and advo cate in behalf of public education, and was himself a great reader, especially during the latter years of his life. He was first an Old-Line Whig, and afterwards a Republican. He voted at every Presidential elec tion from 1816 to 1880, his last vote being cast for James A. Garfield. His children numbered eight, of whom seven are living, to wit: William Y., John A., Mary J., Carrie, and Amanda (living at home upon the old farm, where also John Anderson's widow sur vives him), Mrs. Andrew J. Jameson and Mrs. Sam uel A. Hayes (both of Lycoming County). Thomas S. Anderson (taken in his sixth year to be reared by John Anderson, and given by the latter the family name) is now studying for the Presbyterian ministry at Wooster, Ohio. Erection of Logan Township. — The building of the Pennsylvania Railroad and the founding of Al toona in 1849 rapidly increased the population of heretofore sparsely settled regions of Allegheny and Antes townships, and it was soon determined by those interested to ask for the erection of a new township. Accordingly, in response to the petitions ¦of many inhabitants, William Brooke, Joshua W. McCord, and Levi Slingluff were appointed, at the May adjourned Court of Quarter Sessions in 1850, commissioners to inquire into the propriety of erect ing a new township, to be called Logan, from Antes and Allegheny townships, and make report of their proceedings, together with their opinion of the same, which was read at June term, 1850, was again read on the •30th day of October, 1850, and confirmed and ordered to be recorded, as follows: " To the Honorable the Court of Quarter Sessions in and for Blair County : "In pursuance of the within order the undersigned, two of the com missioners named in said order, met at the house of John Baird, in Alle gheny township iu said county, on Friday, the 7th day of June, 1850, at 10 o'clock A m. of said day, after having given notice of the time and place of .their meeting according to the order of Baid court, a copy of which notice, with the proof oi its publication, is hereunto attached; and after being sworn proceeded to view the ground proposed for a new township to be called Logan, and to inquire iuto the propriety of grant- 132 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. ing the prayer of the petitioners in erecting the same, and do report that the erection of said township is proper and necessary, and they have therefore marked on the ground aud adopted as the boundaries of said new township the following courses and distances: "Beginning at a white-oak on the line between Allegheny and Frankstown townships ; thence north sixty-four degrees weBt five hun dred and ninety percheB to a line ; thence north fifty-five degrees west eight hundred and eighty perches to a chestnut-oak ; thence north sev enty-two degrees west eleven hundred and twenty perches to a post near KummuBky's Spring, on the Cambria and Blair County line; thence along said county line north thirty-one degrees east two hundred perches to a maple stump; thence north fifty-five degrees east one hundred and fifty-six perches to a chestnut; thence north sixty-five degrees east one hundred perches to a beech; thence north fifty-five degrees east three hundred and sixty perches to a chestnut ; thence north eighty degrees east one hundred and fifty-eight perches to a post; thence north thirty- two degrees east nine hundred and twenty perches; thence Bouth sev enty-seven degrees east one thousand and thirteen perches to a white- oak corner of D. Smith ; thence south sixty degrees eaBt six hundred and fifteen perches to a post; thence south forty-seven degrees east one hun dred and sixty-six perches to a pine ; thence east six hundred and forty perches to a post on Bald Eagle Ridge; thence south thirty-two and a half degrees west eighteen hundred perches; thence Bouth fifty degrees west six hundred and forty perches to the place of beginning. " Given under our hands and seals this 19th day of June, a.d. 1850. • "William Bbooke. [seal] " J. W. McCord. [seal]" Change of Boundary Lines. — In December, 1851, John M. Gibboney, Joseph P. Dysart, and William Brooke (in accordance with the request of various petitioners) were appointed by the court commis sioners to change the line between Antes and Logan townships. These commissioners corrected the line from "David Smith's white-oak corner" to the Cam bria County line, thus creating a straight boundary line between the townships mentioned of more than eighteen hundred perches in length. During the October sessions of 1867, Martin Bell, William H. Brooke, and D. M. Bare were appointed commissioners to adjust and establish a boundary line between Tyrone, Logan, and Frankstown townships. On the 25th of October, 1868, they reported as fol lows : " We do establish the summit of Brush Moun tain as it runs in all its meanderings to be the line of Tyrone, Logan, and Frankstown townships, so far as the two latter townships border on said Brush Moun tain." Residents of 1851. — The following is a list of those assessed for taxes in 1851 (the first assessment is of Logan township), and includes those then residing or owning property in Altoona : Nicholas Agnew, Monroe Ake, Sylvester Armin, Samuel Agnew, Nich olas Aring, George Artis, Abram Alloway, Thomas Amy, Jobn An derson,1 Alexander Anderson, William Ake, Joseph G. Adlum, John N. Bendon, John Boyle, Samuel G. Black, Jacob Burkhart, Jacob Berkheimer, Abraham Beal, John Berks, Jacob Boozh, William Bell, Rev. Henry Baker, Daniel Bressler, John Burley, John Bar tlebaugh, Elias Baker,2 John Boyle, Sr., Eakin & Bressler,' William Bailey, JameB Berkheimer, Walter Bare, Thomas Brady, John Burk holder, Jacob Buttonbarger, Isaac Beal, Andrew Biniker, Abraham Beal, A. C. Byers, Conrad Beam, ThomaB Burcdnell, Charles Byers, Henry Beck, John Beakman, William Boyle, William Black,8 John 1 Owned a saw-mill. 2 Owned an iron furnace, saw-mill, grist-mill, sixteen mules, twenty horses, three yoke of oxen, nine cows, and about four thousand acres of land, all assessed as worth sixty-seven thousand seven hundred dollars. 3 Owned a tannery. Clossin, George Cowen, Esq., Frederick Crisiman, Jacob Crissman, John Collier, Michael Calvert, John Coleman, Jr., John Coleman Sr., Thomas Coleman, Isaac M. Coy, JameB Coleman,4 Absalom Crain, Isaac Chambers, Daniel Caho, Robert Caldwell, Daniel Cameron, John Crawford, Augustus Cherry, Michael Carrigan Daniel Coyle, JameB Carney, Joseph Cochran, James Cochran Ann Decker, Lawrence Dalton, John Dalton, Samuel Doran William Domer, John Davis, Philip Dempsey, John Dougherty Aaron Dougherty, Patrick Dowling, John Douglass, Joseph Degen- bert, Henry Colburn, Abraham Colburn, Elizabeth Crissman, Daniel ColclesBer, Michael Cassidy, Calvert, Hugh Evans, Alexander Everett, Henry Eicholtz, James Entriken, John Estrick, Isaac Eng land, Samuel Estrick, John Empfield, John Empfieid, Jr., Peter Empfield, James Elway, William Ferguson, Johu Foy, David Fleck, Jr., Thomas Farrell, George C. Ferree & Co., B. Fisher, John Far- rell, John Ferry, Benjamin Foreshen, David Fleck, Benjamin Fi gart, Jonathan Frederick, John Freighlick, Augustus Focel, Henry Fickes, Francis Faulkner, Joseph Focel, James Gray, Samuel Gray Anna H. Glass, Peter Glass, Christian Glass, James L. Gwin, Henry Glass, Uriah Green, William Green, Richard Glasgow, Henry Gallon, Francis Grove, Maxwell Grove, Levi Grove, JoBeph Green, Good fellow & Graff,5 William Gibson, Samuel Gaithers, Joseph Glasgow, Jno. Giffin, Jona. Gaither, And. Green, M. Grazier, H. Gates, Cbas. GibBOn, Jas. Gibson, Wm. Glass, Silas Gray,6 L. Gwin, J. Goodfellow, Alexander Given,7 Elizabeth Given, Peter Green, James. Green, JameB Hutchison,8 Hagerty & Hutchison, Joseph Hagerty, George A. Hoffman, William Honaly, Edward Hollorn, Juhn Hickey, Joseph Hutchison, Thomas Hamill, William Heller, Jr., Samuel Heller, James Hooper, Johu Hagerty, Edward Hawkins, George Hisley, Thomas Heslop, Hawkins, Matthew Hoy, Eliza Huff, James Hull, Samuel Hagerty, John Hileman, John Hamilton, Michael Hileman, Martha Hunter, Joseph Hileman, Adolphus Hall, Christo pher Hemler, Joseph M. Hutchison, Samuel Hartsock, Eliza Harpst, Oliver Hagerty, Jobn Hutchison.^ George Hartzell, James Hamil ton, Jonathan Hamilton, Crawford Hamill, Jacob Houseman, Sam uel HugheB, John Ha/pst, Augustine Heuch, Leonard Harner, Isaac Hill, Jesse Herbert, George Hartzell, Jr., Irvin Adlu,m & Co., Jacob Igou, Alexander Irvin, A. C. Irvin, William Jones, Russell John ston, David Johnston, William Kissel, Peter Kessler, John Kough, Abraham Kailor, Samuel Koon, Henry Kantner, Strickland Kneass. Barnard Kerr, Philip Karr, Matthias Kessler, John Kentner, Enoch Kelso, M. Kantner, J. Kennedy, Mary A. Kinsell, Anna M. Kinsell, William Kunsman, Jacob Kunsman, William Lantz, Rudolph P. Lotz, William L. Poudon, Jacob Long, David B. Long, Nathan Laf- ferty, Jonathan Liaz, John Lantz, Robert Lumadoo, Peter Lee, JoBeph Lafferty, John Miller, Ashman G. Miller, John McBride, Robert McEldoney, James Marr, William McLaughlin, Patrick Mulligan, John Morrow, Joseph Mutzar, Jacob Miller, David Miller, Abraham Mackey, Abraham Mathews, Allen McCartney, David McCartney,JohnMcCartney,Alexander McPherson, David Mackey, Graham McCamant, John Maxwell, Andrew Mabis, Jacob Maurer, Martin Myers, William McCauley, D. McCartney, William McCauley, Jr., Daniel McCauley, Joseph Marshall, George Merryman,10 Peter Miller, Abraham McCartney, Samuel McGlathery, John McCrea, McNeal & Co.," James Miles, Levi Mock, Samuel McGlathery, Jr., Samuel McDowell,*2 Isaac McDowell, David Metz, Robert H. Mc Cormick, William McGarvey, Polly McGarvey, David Morgan, Thomas Miles, James Montgomery, Joseph Montgomery, James Mathews, Samuel McMullin, Ann Moore, Widow Mclntire, Pat rick McLaughlin, Richard McClain, Patrick Mulligan (2d), Henry T. McClelland, John McBride, Hugh McMullen, J. M. McCor mick, James McCoy, William Nelson, Jonathan Neff, William Orr, W. C. O'Donnell, Adam Oswalt, Pennsylvania Railroad Company,13 Jeremiah Peck, William Payne, Isaac Peck, Samuel Pryor, Wash ington Painter, Peter Prough, George Pottsgrove," William Robi son, Catharine Rees, Abraham Rees, John Robison, Adam Robison, & Owners of a woolen-factory. ' Owned a saw-mill. 9 Owned a saw- and lath-mill. * Owned grist-mill and saw-mill. 6 Owned a saw-mill. 8 Owned a saw-mill. 10 Owned a saw-mill. « Owners of the Blair Furnace, saw-mill, ore-bank, thirteen horses, eighteen mules, and four hundred aud sixty-three acres land. 12 Owned a saw-mill. " Forty-eight acres of land (right of way at station). w Owned a grist-mill. LOGAN TOWNSHIP. 133 Gabriel Remey, Jonathan Rough, James Ross, William Ramsey, Joshua Robison, Thomas Rice, Andrew Roush, James Simpson, Ben jamin Stamer, Wilson Swain, John Simpson, Philip Snyder, Andrew Shoemaker, Jacob Snyder, Christian Snyder, John Shoemaker, John Stall, Jenny Shields, George Smith, Philip Shotts, Peter Sipes, Mat thew Smith, Daniel Smith, David Smith, Solomon Spangler, Hamil ton Scott, John W. Scott, Alexander Stewart, Hugh Sweeny, Mat thew Simpson, John Stull, Asbury Stewart, Audrew Stolmon, Jacob Ship, Lewis Swinehart, James Thompson, Samuel Thompson, JoBeph Trout, Dr. D. G. Thomas, David Templeton, Adam Turnbaugh, John Trout, Elizabeth Tyler, Samuel Thomas, William Templeton, George Wehn, John Wiser, Capt. Peter Wilt, John Wickey, James Walker, John Westley, Jonathan Wimer, John Weldon, Adam Witters, James Welch, Henry Wehn, William Winn, Alexander Worrell, Jacob Williams, John Wright, William You, Sr., Joseph Touug, Nancy Yingling, Francis Yergev, Samuel Yingling, Frederick Ying ling, Thomas Yingling, Isaac Yingling, Jacob Yingling, Washing ton Yingling, Frank Yager, Daniel Zimmerman. Single Freemen. — Jacob M. Ake, William. Black, Alexander Bell, Augus tus W. Beal, John H. Brown, Sylvester C. Baker, Henry Boyles, Joseph Boon, Samuel Carr, John Campbell, John Condo, Thomas Coleman, Benjamin Crain, Jacob Elway, Samuel Ettinger, Henry Estrick, Jacob Dager, Joseph Ferguson, George C. Ferree, Alexan der Grove, William Gibson, John Green, Martin Hammill, John Hamilton, Robert Hutchison, Joseph M. Hutchison, Jacob Hesser, Lee Kough, John Kentner, Alexander Kerr, James Loudon, John Loudon, William Loudon, Francis A. Lias, Thomas W. Lias, Abra ham London, Nathaniel Manner, Thomas McCartney, Charles Miles, William Ouran, Alexander Robison, Levi Riling, John Robison, Jo seph Robison, Lewis Riter, Milton Robison, John Scott, Hamilton Scott, James Swiers, Peter Shutter, John Snyder, John Templeton, William Thompson, Isaac Thompson, Thornton Trout, James White, Jacob Williams, Henry Walters, Henry Walker, William H. Wil- bou| Samuel Wharton, Alexander Vaughn, William You, Samuel Young. VARIOUS TOWNSHIP OFFICIALS ELECTED. (1851 to 1881, inclusive.) 1851.— Samuel Haggerty, assessor; David B. Long, constable; John Trout, Abraham Beale, supervisors; Peter Miller, Samuel Haggerty, Michael Cassiday, George Cowen, James Coleman, William McCau ley, school directors ; S. C. Baker, A. C. McCartney, auditors. 1852. — Samuel Haggerty, assessor; John Hamilton, constable; Johu Trout, John Collier, supervisors; Michael Hileman, Peter Wilt, school directors ; Allen McCartney, JoBeph B. Hileman, auditors. 1853.— Isaac Beale, assessor; Joseph G. Adlum, justice of the peace; Jacob Bottenberg, constable; William Haggerty, John Collier, supervisors; Jonathan Hamilton, George W. Patton, school direc tors; Samuel Haggerty, auditor. 1854.— John Coleman, assessor; William Haggerty, John Trout, Bupervi sors; Joseph Young, Adam Miller, school directors; R. H. McCor mick, auditor. 1855. — Samuel Haggerty, assessor ; William Lantz, JameB Coleman, Bupervisors; James Hutchison, R. P. Lotz, school directors ; JameB L. Gwin, auditor. 1856. — JameB Loudon, assessor ; James Coleman, William Lantz, J. J. Williams, supervisors; David Templeton, Jonathan Hamilton, school directors; Abraham Loudon, auditor. 1857.— No record. 1858.— William Y. Anderson, assessor ; John Trout, Henry Fleck, super visors; R. P. Locz, James Hutchison, Samuel Haggerty, school di rectors; Joseph Hutchison, auditor. 1859.— William Bell, assessor; John Trout, Henry Fleck, supervisors; Abraham Loudon, Peter Good, Jonathan Hamilton, David Temple ton, Bchool directors; Abraham Loudon, auditor. I860.— Samuel Haggerty, assessor; John B. Wesley, John Trout, super visors; James L. Gwin, Jonathan Hamilton, school directors ; Wil liam Johnston, auditor. 1861.— Abraham Loudon, assessor; William Robison, Michael Calvert, supervisors; John A. Smith, John B. Westley, school directors; , Alexander Gwin, auditor. 1862.— Peter Empfield, assessor; William Robison, Michael Calvert, su pervisors; Abraham Loudon, Peter Good, school directors ; Samuel Haggerty, auditor. 1863.— Marshall McCormick, assessor; Frederick Crissman, Daniel Smith, supervisors ; Grabill Myers, Oliver Haggerty, school direc tors; John A. Smith, Abraham Loudon, auditor. 1864. — A. 0. McCartney, assessor; Daniel Smith, Frederick Crissman, supervisors; John A. Smith, school director; Graham McCamant, auditor. 1805. — Allen McGlathery, assessor; William Robinson, W. M. Ake, su pervisors; H. S. McClelland, E. Tipton, Michael Calvert, school directors ; Samuel Haggerty, Jonathan Hamilton, Peter Good, audi tors. ( 1866. — Peter Good, assessor; William RobiBon, Nathaniel Maurer, su pervisors; Oliver Haggerty, school director; S. C. Baker, auditor. 1867.— Jonathan Hamilton, assessor ; William RobiBon, N. Maurer, su pervisors; John A. Smith, John Westley, school directors; Oliver Haggerty, auditor. 1868. — John S. Calvert, assessor; N. Maurer, Jacob Forsht, Bupervisors ; Henry McClelland, Rudolph Lotz, school directors; Samuel Hag gerty, auditor. 1869 (February).— Samuel Haggerty, assessor ; H. Maurer, R. P. Lotz, supervisors; W. N. C. Ake, Michael Calvert, Bchool directors; S. C. Baker, auditor. 1869 (October). — Andrew Green, Peter Miller, supervisors; John West- ley, John A. Smith, school directors; S. C Baker, auditor. 1870 (October). — A. C. McCartney, assessor ; Andrew Green, Peter Miller, supervisors; H. T. McClelland, R. P. Lotz, school directors; Jacob Noffsker, auditor. 1872 (February). — Peter Empfield, assessor ; N. Maurer, John Dixon, supervisors; Jesse Thomas, J. W. Isenberg, school directors; David Bell, auditor. 1873. — Peter Empfield, assessor; William Loudon, John Wike, super visors; John S. Calvert, D. M. Robison, school directors; Peter Miller, auditor. 1874. — John M. Burket, assessor ; William Loudon, Jacob Buck, super visors ; John M. Burket, H. T. McClellan, school directors ; John S. Calvert, auditor. 1875. — John M. Burket, assessor ; Jacob Buck, Jacob Forsht, supervisors ; William Loudon, H. T. McClellan, school directors; Frederick Shaffer, auditor. 1876.— John M. Burket, assessor; Jonathan Glunt, Nathaniel Maurer, supervisors; John S. Calvert, D. M. Robison, school directors; Jacob J. Noffsker, auditor. 1877. — Charles Copeland, John M. Burket, Jacob McGonigle, super visors; George Baker. David Bell, F. W. Shaffer,* school directors; John P. McKnight, S. C. Baker, auditors. 1878.— J. P. McKnight, assessor ; J. M. Burket, Charles Copeland, super visors; William Loudon, Elihu Crawford, school directors; James Hileman, auditor. 1879. — John P. McKnight, assessor; John M. Burket, Charles Copeland, Bupervisors ; John S. Calvert, George W. Baker, school directors ; S. C. Baker, auditor. 1880. — James Hileman, assessor ; Peter Fogle, Charles Copeland, super visors ; David Bell, William McGarvey, school directors ; W. D. Mc Dowell, auditor. 1881. — William Coleman, assessor; John P. McKnight, Peter Fogle, supervisors; H. A. McGraw, constable; G.F.Armstrong, William Loudon, school directors ; T. Buck, auditor ; Joseph Graham, town ship clerk. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 1853, Joseph G. Adlum; 1854, George Cowen, Michael Calvert; 1857, Daniel Colclesser; 1859, John Griffin ; 1860, Peter Wilt ; 1864, John Griffin; 1865, Michael Calvert; 1870, Michael Calvert. Manufacturing.— The Allegheny Furnace, the second iron furnace erected within the territory now known as Blair County, was built in 1811, by Allison (Robert) & Henderson. In 1835, after having been out of blast eighteen years, it was purchased by Elias Baker and Eoland Diller,.of Lancaster County, Pa. Mr. Baker became a resident of the township the same year, and before his death (which occurred in 1854) became possessed of large landed interests in this and adjoining townships. He erected a massive stone dwelling, at a cost of seventy-five thousand dol lars, and the grist-mill in 1854, at a cost of about twenty thousand dollars. 134 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Until 1867>charcoal was used at the furnace. Since that time coke alone has been employed for smelting purposes. At the present date this, furnace produces from fifty to eighty tons of pig-iron per week, and furnishes employment for twenty men. Besides those engaged at the smelting-works, a large number of men are employed upon the farm lands of the estate and in mining operations. Since the death of his father, S. C. Baker, Esq., has managed very successfully the varied interests of the Baker properties. The Axe and Pick Manufactory of the Col clesser Brothers, near El Dorado, was established by their father, Daniel Colclesser,1 about the year 1832. He carried on the business from that time until 1878, when he was succeeded by his sons John and Samuel. Motive-power is derived from the waters of Burgoon's Bun, and five men are steadily employed. Willis Gibboney had occupied the same site and power with wool-carding and fulling-mills from about 1806 to the date of the establishment of the axe and pick manufactory. The Altoona Iron Company, whose very ex tensive rolling-mills are situated at West Altoona, was organized with a capital of $80,000 (which was subsequently increased to $100,000), May 18, 1872. On the 10th day of July, 1873, the company was incorporated. Meanwhile the buildings, etc., had been completed, and with one eighteen-inch muck- train with rotary squeezer, one sixteen-inch bar-train, one eight-inch guide-train, six single puddling, one scrapping, and three heating furnaces, the muck-train was started May 10, 1873, the bar-train June 2, 1873, and the guide-train Aug. 2, 1873. During the year 1874 one double puddling furnace was added. In 1877 two additional double puddling furnaces were erected, and the following year seven double puddling furnaces and one eight-inch guide- train were added. At the present time forty-five tons 1 H.nry Colclesser, the father of Daniel, was born in Washington County, Md., and settled in the vicinity of McKee's Gap (where was then in operation a fulling-mill and carding-machineB) about the be ginning of the century. He removed to Sugar Run a few years later, where, besides working at his trade as a blacksmith, he manufactured variouB kinds of edge tools. In 1824 he removed to Ohio, and some ten or twelve years later to Indiana, where he died. He was twice married and the father of ten children, of whom Daniel was the fourth or youngest child by the first wife. Daniel was born in 1808. He remained in Ohio with his father's fam ily until 1828, when he returned to Huntingdon County, and remained for a brief period at Duncansville, where he married. As mentioned in another place, he established the axe and pick manufactory on Burgoon's Run in 1832. He has served as justice of the peace aud in other official capacities. Of six sons and one daughter born to him, five sons survive, viz., John, Samuel, and Adie at El Dorado, William at Cincinnati, Ohio, and Henry at Johnstown, Pa. Besides the Colclesser Brothers at El Dorado, there are at that station or in its immediate vicinity John Riling, poBtmaster; J. W. Black, jus tice of the peace ; Trevan Buck, tanner, etc. ; John W. Riling, operator of saw-mill, carpenter, and gunsmith ; J. W. Isenberg, dentist ; and David You, owner of flour-mill. G. Samnel Black, Levi Riling, D. P. Lindley, J. M. StifHe, Benjamin F. Myers, and Jacob Buck are also near by residents. of manufactured iron are produced daily, and two hundred and sixty men are employed. From its organization until March 13, 1882, S. C. Baker served as president of the company. He was succeeded by the present incumbent, James Gardner of Hollidaysburg. E. S. Hutchison, the first secre tary and treasurer, officiated, until June 9, 1874; A. H. Voris was then elected, and served until March 13, 1877, when, a vacancy occurring, W. M. Wheat- ley '' was appointed pro tern, secretary and treasurer serving as such until Sept. 11, 1877, when he was reg ularly elected, and has filled those positions to the present writing. The board of directors is composed of seven members, who are elected annually. The works of this company are in constant opera tion, and during a recent period many improvements have been made to the surroundings, viz., sidings for freight-cars at a cost of several thousand dollars, and many first-class tenement-houses for the families of workmen. The Altoona Fire-Clay Works (Limited) are located at West Altoona, on the Hollidaysburg Branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad, a short dis tance from the city limits. They were established in 1880, and under able management have achieved an enviable degree of success. The ground occupied is about two and one-half acres in extent, and upon it are erected the most thoroughly constructed and appointed buildings and kilns. The principal structure covers an area of fifty by two hundred and eight feet, with engine- and boiler- house attached thirty-five by forty feet in size. One sixty horse-power engine, with a large locomotive boiler, furnishes the power for an immense crushing- mill, weighing thirty-two thousand pounds. The floor of the main building, which is double brick, was constructed at an expense of thirteen thousand dollars, and all the appliances in use are of the best character. The clay used, which is particularly adapted for the specialties manufactured here, is ob tained at Bennington, Pa., and when running full force from sixty to eighty men are employed at the mines and works here. The annual consumption of coal amounts to ten thousand tons. Three immense kilns of peculiar construction, with a capacity of one hundred and twenty thousand fire brick (equivalent to a much larger number of ordi nary brick), are in constant use. One of these kilns, designed by Mr. Winkle, and erected under his su pervision and direction, required seventy-six thou sand bricks in its construction, and is unlike any * Mr. Wheatley was born in 182T, and is a native of the town and county of Northumberland, Pa. His grandfather, John Wheatley, was born in England, and settled at Northumberland about the year 1780. John Wheatley, Jr.. the father of W. M. Wheatley, died at the paternal home, in the house in which he was born. Mr. W. M. Wheatley has recently become the proprietor of the Portage Iron-Works at Duncans ville, and proposes to rebuild and enlarge the capacity of the same at an early day. PLAN OF Tuclcahoe Valley Blair County . online of Ihe ¦ PENNSYLVANIA RAIL ROAD (^atBase of Q ALLEGHENY MOUNTAIN Site of rYmcipal Machine andBinldin| Shops of PENN^RR. AAA . — — T? """a 8 ao 9 ai in r,^ 5D 1 19 6 1* 7 16 6 16 4 _ a g 3 3 3 a 10 3 " ^ u tr * i " 5 ' 13 n s \ ^ 7 > 15 3 16 Vs ST - „ 1 a 10^ 3 ii s ¦i ^ M § 5 l' -13 o 6 it s ¦7 15 § 8 16 § \ \ \ \ \ zz \ \ \ \ 9 2 JO 3 31 * p r^l.3 5^ J 13 6 Vi 7 IS s 16 1^. ^ 9 a 10 9 11 * ^aa 5 ' 13 6 14 7 15 8 - r f u n^ J; ° I O o m 1 9 3 10 3 It *F 7 ie 5^ 13 6 1* 7 15 S 16 1 9 3 io 3T 11 4 5 l* w 5 It 7 15 3 16 1 9 2 :io 3 11 4 T J2 5 ' 13 6 1* 7 15 3 16 1 9 S a io § 3 11 ^ + T12 $ 5 / ,_g O 8 i4 $ 7 u s 9 16 5 1 JO e 1L 3 1? * P : a s" < « 6 IS , < 7 4^- 1*7 3 8 O 9 . J '«13 SO 1 lO 8 Tl. 3 ia * 7 - 13 s [ •' 1* e 1.5 7 16 e 17 ,a„ 9 1 JllfliLJ J ID 8 11 3 12 * 7 13 SJ 1* 6 15 7 16 9 17 '20 9 120 19 1 lo = 3 * % 9 ie g 1 i r i" 8 5 1 - 1* O r e iS ° 3C 7 is 3 > 8 "? 0 no 9 72ff1S « ***' \ CUR* \ \ * \ XX \ \ ,„,, References A Tcnmdry B Hdctraui C Blacksmith Slop D Sitting up 8wp forMfty*** _E Machin* Shop H Car Blacksmith Shop I Setting up Car Shop J StoreboMt&nea&nflUKmts K CbrShed- L Hotel M Engine SimsC CITY OF ALTOONA. 135 other kiln in the United States. It possesses numer ous important advantages, among which are the equalization of heat in all parts of the kiln, and a saving of fully three hundred bushels of coal at a single burning. The bricks are manufactured under a pressure- of twenty tons, in a press so ingeniously constructed that one man is enabled to impart and control this immense power. Among the leading specialties are fire-clay bricks for rolling-mills, blast-furnaces, coke-ovens, etc., lo comotive tiles, gas retorts, and the various designs and patterns of fire-clay articles necessary for steel works and manufacturing establishments requiring high grades of material. The company have large contracts for locomotive tile, etc., with the Pennsyl vania Railroad Company, and ships extensively to Pittsburgh . and many other sections of the United States and Canada. A private track connects their works with the main line of railway, thus affording perfect facilities for the transportation of raw mate rial, fuel, as well as the manufactured products. The present officers are S. C. Baker, president , Max Kin kead, secretary and treasurer ; and William M. Win kle, superintendent. Vaughn's Brick- Yard, John Vaughn, proprietor, which is situated near the station known as Alle gheny Furnace, on the Hollidaysburg Branch of the Pennsylvania Eailroad, has been in successful opera tion since 1867. A large number of men and boys are employed during the brick-making season, and from two to two and one-half million building brick of most excellent quality are manufactured annually. Other brick-yards, grist-mills, saw-mills, limekilns, etc., are found throughout the township, which with its vast deposits of coal and iron ore, both hematite and fossil, renders Logan one of the most important of the small sub-divisions comprising the great min eral-producing commonwealth. CHAPTER XXI. CITY OF ALTOONA. Altoona, well named the "Mountain City,'' is situated at the eastern base of the Allegheny Moun tains, nearly twelve hundred feet above the level of the sea. Its name is not derived from the Latin word alius nor from the French word alto, as has frequently been asserted and published, but from the beautiful, liquid, and expressive Cherokee word "Allatoona." l It has a very romantic and un-city-like location 1 This is on the authority of the person who bestowed the name, Mr. Wright, of Philadelphia, who was long a resident of the Cherokee country in Georgia, and an admirer of the musical names of that Indian language. "Allatoona," literally the "high lands of great worth." Upon the christening, Mr. Kneass suggested that the name was too long, and it was shortened (by omitting the second syllable) to Altoona. upon the hillside, and is surrounded on all sides by some of the finest mountain scenery on the American continent. Within a radius of a few miles are Bell's Gap, Sinking Spring Valley, " with its subterranean streams and immense caverns," the Roaring Springs, Allegrippus, the famous Horse-Shoe Bend, and Cres- son Springs beyond. The whole vicinage is popular as a place of resort for tourists during the summer months. The view from the top of Gospel Hill is a very fine one, aud is thus described by a recent writer : " We then climbed to the top of Gospel Hill, and got a glorious view for miles away. Here, Btanding on the Allegheny Mountain side, we saw the city spread out at our feet, its houses scattered over a long, nar row strip of ground on the sloping sides of the valley, with the railroad and its shops and great buildings spread along the centre. Far away to the southward, in the background, was the dark-green ridge known as Brash Mountain, with the notch in it called the Kettle, through which could be seen the grayer, the more distant, mountains behind. Turn ing to the northward, was seen the distant slope of the Allegheny Mountains, rising higher than any of the others, as they spread out, a series of flat-topped mountains, far away to the southwest, with the sun setting in the clouds behind. Such is Altoona, and the distant bell and whistle, and the long lines of smoke far down in the valley, tell the story of the railway that has brought this busy city out of the wilder ness." Altoona is located at the head of Logan Valley, on the main line of the Pennsylvania Railroad, two hun dred and thirty-six and nine-tenths miles from Phila delphia, and one hundred and sixteen and seven-tenths miles from Pittsburgh, and is one of the youngest municipalities in the commonwealth, having been in corporated as a city in 1868. At that time it was but an overgrown village, fast creeping up the mountain sides, and daily giving promise of a large and popu lous city, which thus far has been realized in an exceptional growth, having nearly doubled in popula tion in one decade.2 The location of Altoona was determined by the topography of the ground in the survey of the route of the Pennsylvania road, the plan being to extend the low grade that prevailed along the Juniata Val ley as far as possible up the mountain, and thus con centrate the heavy grade into a short distance to be overcome by extra propelling power. The civil en gineers developed Altoona when they marked the spot where the low grade terminated. Eastward the heaviest gradient does not exceed twenty-one feet per mile ; westward it is increased to ninety-five feet per mile. Altoona is yet young. In 1849 it was part farm and part wilderness. " The hills and dales now covered with, the most striking evidences of material pros perity and progress were at that time owned by Wil liam Loudon, David Robison, and Andrew Green, each of whom had a farm." The centre farm of the three, owned by Mr. Robison, was the one upon which the original village was laid out in 1849. It was purchased by Mr. Cadwallader for Archibald 2 In 1870 it was 10,610; in 1880 it reached 19,714. 136 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Wright, Esq., of Philadelphia, who subsequently transferred it to his son, John A. Wright. Mr. Rob ison lived at that time in his farm-house, a' log build ing which stood near where the Logan House now stands. "In connection with the purchase the fol lowing story is told : Mr. Cadwallader, on his arrival, found Mr. Robison engaged in butchering hogs, and at once made known his errand, as it had previ ously been ascertained that he would sell for six thousand dollars. Fortunately for Mr. Robison, but unfortunately for Mr. Cadwallader, the latter dropped a letter from his pocket which was picked up and read by Mrs. Robison. This letter authorized Mr. Cadwallader to pay ten thousand dollars for the farm rather than fail in the purchase. Like any other good wife she immediately communicated this information to her husband, and the result was that Mr. Cadwallader had to yield to the demand of ten thousand dollars1 instead of six thousand dollars.'' This is substantially correct, except that no price had previously been fixed, nor was the sum of ten thousand dollars mentioned in the letter. At the time the adjoining plats were laid out a lack of unison of action between Mr. Wright and the farm ers on either side resulted in a disarrangement of the streets as they passed from one farm to another; hence the unsightly offsets east of Eleventh and west of Six teenth Streets. Clement Jaggard acted as the agent of Mr. Wright in the disposal of the lots in the orig inal town of Altoona, a copy of the plat of which is here given, as being worthy of preservation in this connection. Mr. Wright gave thirty-five acres to the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, upon which they soon built a depot, offices, shops, etc. The modest proportions of the original works, as seen in the plan referred to above, is quite in contrast with those which occupy the grounds at this time. David Robison was a native of Huntingdon County, below Birmingham. He subsequently removed to Foot of Ten, where he was engaged in tanning. In 1839 he moved to what later was Altoona, purchased two hundred and twenty acres of land, and occupied it until 1849, when he sold to Mr. Wright as before mentioned. He then went to Morrison's Cove, and thence to near Hollidaysburg, where he died in 1880. He was most of his life a farmer. He married, first, Susannah Moore, of an old family in Allegheny town ship, and, second, a daughter of Robert Irvin and sister of Judge Irvin. She is still living near Hol lidaysburg. Of their sons there are living, — -Andrew in Tyrone township, John in Scott's Valley, Samuel in Allegheny township, Robert at El Dorado, Horace near Hollidaysburg, and Albert in Wyoming Territory, or the far West. The two daughters were successively the wives of John Loudon, of Altoona. The Robison farm-house was the only building on the site of Altoona when the land was purchased of David by Mr. Wright. This log building was for' many years an historical landmark, but has since dis appeared. The following cut is said to be a faithful representation of this pioneer building. OLD ROBISON FARM-HOUSE. Quite a notable character was "Nick" Agnew, a tenant on the Robison farm after Mr. Wright's pur chase, and for many years the occupant of the old log farm-house. His wife was Mary Oswalt, a native of Centre County, Pa. He is remembered by the older citizens of the place as quite a genius, a jack- at-all-trades, and a jovial, obliging, good-hearted soul, but quite a harum-scarum. He flourished in Altoona for some years, and then moved with his wife and family to Iowa, in which State, not far from Cedar Rapids, he is said to be still living. A sister, wife of the late Mr. Stevens, of Tyrone, and the mother of A. A. Stevens, an attorney there, re sides in that borough. Samuel Noble, son of John, an old resident, was born in the old log house above mentioned. The building has disappeared, and so have its occupants. Few, if any, of all who ever dwelt within its walls remain in this vicinity, and nearly all are numbered with the dead. Samuel Noble is one of the very few survivors. William Robison Finley, one of the oldest medical practitioners, not only in Blair County but in the State as well, has practiced medicine in Pennsylvania since 1831, and since October, 1858, in Altoona. Although now in his seventy-second year, he is in the full pos session of mental and physical vigor, and attends as closely as of yore to the labors of his profession. He is one of the few well-preserved men one meets in the ranks of the aged nowadays, and to the almost ruddy glow of youth he adds the buoyancy of spirits that mark the period of early manhood. Courtly in man ner and genial in temperament, he is cheering as a host and companion, while his fund of interesting reminiscences of the men he has known and the ex periences he has encountered lend to his presence the cheerful influence of bright entertainment. He is one of the three venerable physicians of Blair County —Landis, Ross, and Finley — who stand at the head as to length of professional service, and who, although '-'^ CITY OF ALTOONA. 137 approaching fourscore, still fill the field of a phy sician's active life. Dr. Finley was born at Lewistown, Pa., Oct. 12, 1811. His paternal ancestors were in many cases either clergymen or educators in other form. The progenitors in America of the Finleys were Samuel and John, two brothers, who emigrated from the north of Ireland about 1740, and imparted to their descendants the sterling qualities that have given to Pennsylvania the benefits of the Scotch-Irish blood. Dr. Finloy's father, Joseph, married Martha, daughter of William Robison, of Mifflin County, and died in Lewistown, Aug. 20, 1816. Young William's early classical education was gained in a select school taught by Rev. Dr. James S. Woods, of whose pupils many became men of mark. He was instructed in mathe matics by Dr. James Telfer, of Lewistown, and then entered upon the study of medicine in the office of Dr. Edmund Burke Patterson, of Lewistown. He completed his medical studies at the University of Pennsylvania, and in 1831 entered upon practice at Williamsburg, in Blair County, where at that time Dr. James Trimble and Dr. Jesse Wolf were already located. After tarrying at Williamsburg three years, Dr. Finley went over to Manor Hill, in Huntingdon County, practiced there twelve years, and then moved to Frankstown, Blair Co., then a brisk little town. In Frankstown he spent twelve years, and then the abandoning of the canal checking the prosperity of the village the doctor turned his attention to Altoona, just then coming into notice as a town of much promise. To Altoona he accordingly went armed with a letter of introduction to Col. Thomas A. Scott, and in October, 1858, opened his office. On the ground he found Drs. G. D. Thomas, J. T. Christy, and James Hirst. Of the three only Dr. Christy re mains. It is interesting to note how, when Dr. Finley presented his letter to Col. Scott, the latter said, "Doctor, I'm glad to see you in our growing little town, and heartily glad you have come. Why, let me tell you, sir, Altoona contains to-day four thou sand souls, and I believe you will live to see its popu lation seven thousand." Col. Scott himself lived to see his most ardent anticipations in that direction very far surpassed. Dr. Finley has always been prominent in connec tion with movements tending to the promotion of his profession's interests. His first connection with a medical association was in 1830, when he was a mem ber of the Union Medical Society, embracing mem bers from the then counties of Centre, Mifflin, and Huntingdon. He was secretary of that society from its birth to its demise. He was one of the founders of the Blair County Medical Society in 1848, and has occupied all of the official positions thereof; has had a long connection with the State Medical Society and American Medical Association, and has been a dele gate to the latter from the State and county societies. For fifty years he has been an active worker in the cause of temperance. At the beginning of his medi cal career he saw much of the baneful influence of drink, and then and there resolved that he would thenceforth lend his energies to the cause of total abstinence. That he has redeemed his pledge by earnest works is well known wherever his name is familiar. Two of his sons embraced the medical pro fession, — William N. has been a physician in Altoona since 1866 ; Thomas F. graduated in 1874, and prac ticed in Altoona until his death in 1879. Dr. Fin- ley's oldest son, Joseph R., is a merchant in St. Louis. William Loudon, the elder, bought in 1838, and moved upon in 1839, a tract of two hundred and four acrtes of Eli Hastings, upon a part of which the west end of the city is built, and which was known as Loudonsville until the incorporation of the city. This was the portion of the city lying southwest of Sixteenth Street now known as the Fifth Ward. Upon this tract tbe homestead stood, near the railroad culvert and within the present city lim its. It was a log house, which had been erected by a former owner of the land; subsequently it was weather-boarded by William Loudon, but was de stroyed by fire ten years ago. Soon after it was as certained that the Pennsylvania Company intended to here locate their car-shops, Mr. Loudon began to lay out and sell lots. The first lot was sold to Adlum & Irvin in 1849, and the second to Augustus Cherry. It was laid out by piecemeal, as the town continued to extend, and sold lot by lot, until at the present time but a small portion, comparatively, of the original farm is owned by the heirs of William Lou don. James Loudon occupies the house built by his father in 1854, located on Seventeenth Street near the Hollidaysburg Branch road. Thomas Loudon was a native of and emigrant from Ireland to Eastern Pennsylvania. He was a soldier in the Revolution and followed mining; he moved from Lebanon to Etna Furnace, and thence to Hunt ingdon Furnace, where he died. His son William was born June 27, 1792; died Jan. 2, 1864; married Sarah, daughter of Abraham Matthews, of Logan township, Blair Co. She was born Feb. 26, 1796. To them were born Thomas, Jan. 27, 1817; Mar garet, Feb. 3, 1819; James, June 16, 1821; John, Aug. 3, 1823; William, July 30, 1826; Abraham, Sept. 27, 1828 (died July 20, 1872); David M., April 20, 1833; George M., born March 19, 1835 (died Dec. 25, 1862) ; Elias, born in July, 1837 (died Feb. 1, 1843, aged five years, seven months, and seventeen days). David, James, and John live in Altoona ; Thomas, in Woodberry township of this county ; and Margaret and William in Logan town ship. Thomas Loudon married Jane, daughter of Daniel McCauley ; has a son, James A., and several daugh ters. John Loudon was married first to Elizabeth P., daughter of David Robeson ; she died in 1873, and 138 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Mr. Loudon subsequently married her younger sister, Junietta, youngest daughter of David. Their chil dren are named Sylvester, William Scott, David R., Lincoln, George, John Albert, Edgar, Rachel Hasel- tine, Sally C, and Susannah M., all living except David R. and Sylvester. Rachel H. is the wife of Walter Adams. William Loudon married Rebecca, the daughter of the late Philip Bridenbaugh, of Tyrone township; have quite a family of sons and daughters. Abraham Loudon married Margaret, daughter of Abraham Beal, an old family in the township. He died in Altoona ; his wife is also deceased. They had four children, — three sons, unmarried, ana a daughter (wife of William Ball), all living in Al toona. David M. Loudon married Elizabeth Shinefelt, daughter of Jacob, deceased. Their children — Ellen, Mary, Alexander, and Harry — are unmarried. Margaret married the late James Coleman, a car penter and farmer, who died from the result of an accident about 1870. Andrew Green, who owned the farm which now represents the eastern portion of the city, is still living. His plot was known as Greensburg after it became something of a settlement, and so continued to be called until the erection of the city, of which it forms the Seventh and Eighth Wards. His farm came down to the present opera-house, and was very largely wood land. When the streets of Altoona were first named it chanced that feminine appellatives were bestowed. A number of the civil engineers, engineers of the com pany, and some others, including John A. Wright (who had just laid out the incipient village), met at Altoona, and had a good, social time. One of the party asked Mr. Wright if he had yet named the streets. He replied that he had not, whereupon it was proposed to name them for their sweethearts, which proposition met with favor, and it was thus that they came to be named Emma, Virginia, Harriet, Adeline. Helen, Rebecca, Annie, Julia, Caroline, etc., which included the namesof several members of Mr. Wright's family. With the exception of Railroad (later changed to Main Street) and Branch Streets, every street in the town had a feminine name. These names were the cause of many contretemps in the early days of Altoona, concerning which some amusing stories are told, and one of which led to an effort to have their names changed, which was successful. The new names chosen were those they now bear. The first building erected here after the purchase of Mr. Wright was a small frame in a field near the railroad, for the use of Strickland Kneass and the surveyors of the road, as an engineer's office. Enos M. Jones emigrated from Chester County, Pa., to Huntingdon in 1838, and to Blair in 1851, pur chasing the lot in Altoona upon which he built the house (1406 Eleventh Avenue) he has since occupied. His employment brought him hither, being in the employ of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company,1 and he had little idea that Altoona would ever grow to be much of a place. Very few, if any, of its early resi dents dreamed of its ever being a city. The late Col. Tom Scott sanguinely conceded that it might possibly become a village of six or seven thousand souls. All the public improvements of the earlier years were made upon alike basis ; for instance, when water- and gas-pipes were laid, four-inch mains were thought to be ample, but even the eight-inch ones which replaced them have long since proven inadequate. In 1851 but few streets were laid out, and none of them graded or paved ; mud was then and for some time the rule. At that time there were less than a dozen houses in the place, and these were principally the Union Church and school building, Adlum & Irvin's store, Dr. Thomas' residence, Benjamin Fi- gart's store, Robison's log house, Strickland Kneass' office, a tavern, and a brick building in course of erec tion on Virginia Street (Eleventh Avenue) for rail road offices. On the corner where the First National Bank building now stands was heavy timber, while for acres around it was swampy. The ground only dried off after the timber was cleared away ; stumps of swamp oaks and other native trees may still be seen in some of the gardens in the vicinity. Where the Logan House now stands was a pond of sufficient depth to afford a swimming-place for the boys of that period. M. D. Couch, now of the " First National," says that he often as a boy swam in that pond. Then deer passed right through the village, and for many years later, in their migrations to and from the " licks," in crossing from Black's Gap to Dry Gap, or vice versa. Dr. Christy, well known throughout the county of Blair and its adjacent territory, ranks as first in point of length of local practice among the physicians of Altoona. He was born in Cambria County, Dec. 13, 1828, his father being Francis X. Christy, a well- known farmer in that section. The latter died in September, 1876, aged eighty-four. Dr. Christy's grandfather, Archibald Christy, was born in Phila delphia in 1760, and fought under Washington through the Revolution, having entered the army at the age of eighteen. At the close of the war he set tled in Butler County, and died in Cambria County in 1841, aged eighty-one. His son, Francis X. Christy (who in 1819 married Susan, daughter of Francis M. Condel, of Western Maryland), participated in the campaign of 1812-14. He was a member of the fa mous company of grenadiers raised for the Black Rock service by Rev. D. A. Gallitzin, of Loretta, Cam bria Co. There was no man in the company under six feet, Christy the smallest, being six feet one inch, while the captain measured six feet six inches.' Fran- 1 Mr. Jones was clerk in General Superintendent Hampt's office, and was for three years agent at Y Switches, after Tom Scott left there for Pittsburgh. CITY OF ALTOONA. 139 cis and Susan Christy had six children, of whom five are living, one of the sons being Henry C. Christy, a practicing physician of Toledo, Ohio. Dr. J. T. Christy studied medicine with Dr. Aris- tide Rodrique, of Hollidaysburg, and in March, 1851, graduated at the University of Pennsylvania. There upon he returned to Hollidaysburg and became an associate in practice with Dr. Rodrique. In 1852 he joined Dr. J. C. McKee (now a surgeon in the United States army) in establishing the first drug-store in Altoona, in a building which they erected upon the present site of the post-office. Dr. Christy retained his residence in Hollidaysburg until November, 1854, when he moved to Altoona and established himself as one of the young town's physicians. His field then, and for three years thereafter, embraced Hollidays burg, Altoona, Kittanning Point, the Pennsylvania Railroad Tunnel, and the Summit. For about three years he made the trip nearly every day, and many a wild and dangerous ride he took, too, on dark nights over roads that were mere paths through a then almost unbroken mountainous region. In 1854 he built at Tyrone the first planing-mill erected in that section, and in 1855, in conjunction with Dr. Rodrique, he founded the town of Lecomp- ton, Kas., and at that point in that year built the first saw-mill ever put up in Kansas.1 In May, 1857, he was married to Miss M. A. J. Leech, daughter of John Leech, a well-known rail road and canal contractor, of Leechburg, Armstrong Co., Pa. His only living son is Francis M. Christy, a graduate in medicine at the University of Pennsyl vania, and an associate in practice with his fa' her. Dr. Christy has covered an experience of twenty-nine years as a practicing physician in Altoona, and now, in the mellow autumn of life, rejoicing in unimpaired vigor and strength, he attends as faithfully and zeal ously upon the demands of his extended professional labors as he did when he was carving his way to suc cess with the goal in the distance before him. The distinction and the fortune he has won he has earned, and well earned, too, unaided by aught save his own determined efforts and unflagging industry. As a matter of record, it may be noted that he delivered the first child born in Altoona, a daughter of William Miles, now Mrs. Harrell. During his long experience he has attended over three thousand obstetric cases, and claims to have never lost a patient of that kind where his personal services were given throughout. He was surgeon for the Pennsylvania Railroad from 1851 to 1863, and amputated the first leg taken off in Altoona, which was also the first leg lost through an accident on the Pennsylvania Railroad. During the late war, and after each battle on the Potomac, he acted as assistant to his brother, Henry C. Christy, then brigade surgeon. John McCartney Was born in Franklin County, 1 In 1858 Lecompton was virtually destroyed by the border ruffians. Pa., July 4, 1786. His parents, Dugald and Mar garet, emigrated from Scotland to that place about the year 1780, and in 1795 the family moved on pack- horses to Allegheny township, Huntingdon Co. His family at this time consisted of his wife and five chil dren, — John, Lewis, Allan, Martha, and Jane. He located and built a cabin within what is now the city of Altoona; it was situated in what is now known as the Pennsylvania Railroad Company field, in the west edge of the Seventh Ward, near the east end of Howard Avenue. There they resided a number of years. In 1828, John McCartney married Charlotte, daughter of Abraham aud Elizabeth Christman, and in the same year moved to the farm in the Seventh Ward, a part of which is now laid out in town lots and known as McCartneyville, where were born to them eight children, four of whom died in infancy, and their son Abraham, at the age of twelve years, in 1859, leaving three surviving children, viz. : Mar garet Jane, Mary, and John C. The father, John McCartney, lived continuously upon the homestead farm (now in the city) up to his death, which oc curred July 3, 1865. Margaret Jane married John A. Smith, son of Jacob Smith, of Antes township, this county, in the year 1851, and they soon after wards settled on the northwest side of the city, where they still live. (John A. Smith is a well-known mer chant of Altoona, his business location being on Eleventh Avenue.) To this union were born three sons and five daughters, all living. In the year 1863, Mary McCartney, daughter of John, married G. Lewis Myers, son of the Rev. Grabill Myers, of El Dorado, Blair Co., who is of German descent, and a lineal de scendant of one of the German colonists who located and settled at Germantown, near Philadelphia. G. L. Myers and his wife have resided in Altoona since their marriage, and to them have been born four children, two of whom died in infancy ; Charles and Charlotte are living. In the year 1781, John C. Mc Cartney married Anna M., daughter of Alderman B. F. Rose, and moved to the homestead farm, where he spent the remainder of his days in the house in which he was born. He died, beloved by all who knew him, March 2, 1880, aged thirty-six years. His wife and three children (sons) survive him. Three of the sons of Lewis McCartney, brother of John, reside in Altoona, — Allen C, of the firm of McCartney & Givin ; Thomas, at the corner of Fifteenth Avenue and Twelfth Street ; and Abraham. Mrs. Charlotte McCartney, widow of John, is still living, at the age of seventy-four years, and enjoying good health, at the residence of her daughter, Mrs. G. L. Myers. Henry Fettinger came to Altoona July 4,2 1856, from the city of Philadelphia. He is a native of Lancaster, Pa. (born in 1811). His father was born 2 Mr. Fettinger says that the day of his advent, the natal day of the republic, was not publicly celebrated in Altoona, its patriotic people going to Tyrone, where an old-fashioned " Fourth" was enjoyed. 140 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. in Wiirtemburg, Germany, emigrated to America, and lived for some years in Lancaster, from which he re moved to Salem, N. J., where he died about the year 1816. Henry Fettinger's first wife was Jane Brinton, of Lancaster ; his second wife, Catharine Nixdorf, is a sister of John and Harry Nixdorf, of Altoona. Of a large family of children born to Mr. Fettinger, eight survive, viz.: Mrs. Mary E. Buzby, living at Ellicott City, Md. ; Henry E. and Charles L., resi dents of this city; and Anna V., living with her sister Mary; by the second marriage, Frank M., Theodore S., Kate Florence, and Josepli Nixdorf. Mr. Fettinger kept a stationery- and news-depot for six years in a room in the old Altoona House, and for twelve years more at No. 1314 Tenth Avenue. After two decades actively spent and aiding in the upbuilding of the city, he a few years since began a retired life, which he is still enjoying at the age of seventy years. Jacob Alleman, one of the oldest living hotel- keepers in the place, came here in the winter of 1851. He worked upon the Logan House, during its erection, from the quarrying of stone on the Bell farm for its foundation until it was completed. He is now pro prietor of the " Globe Hotel." George Hawksworth, who came to the embryo city in the fall of 1852 from Mifflin, Pa., moved at once into the house in which he now resides, 1123 Eighth Avenue. It was built by the railroad company, and was not entirely finished when he took possession of it. At that time it stood quite isolated, being almost the only house iu the neighborhood, among the " few and scattering" ones of that part of the city. The land between it and the railroad was uninclosed common, a portion of which was marshy, while a stagnant pond occupied a part of its area. To cross this common in the daytime required caution, and after dark necessitated a lantern. It is now solidly occupied by fine residences, lawns, shrubbery, and gardens, — not only these, but for many squares be yond, into what was formerly a considerable woods. Dr. John L. Ickes, who died in 1881, was an early settler and a prominent citizen during the early years of the place ; he was also an early merchant on the east side. His estate is known as the Green Corner. He has but one son living, who is engaged in the counting-room at Booth & Mackey's planing-mill. Although among the youngest of the physicians of Altoona, Dr. Michael J. Buck has within a few years reached a very prominent place in local medical his tory. He was born in Cambria County, April 13, 1852, and was the second in a family of twelve chil dren. His father, John Buck, still living in Carroll- town, is a native of Westmoreland County, but has been nearly all his life a resident of Cambria County, where he was for many years a merchant. In 1860 he was elected sheriff of the county, and in 1874 was chosen to the Legislature. He married a daughter of Peter Sherry, of Cambria County. Young Michael remained at home until his seven teenth year (gaining meanwhile such educational ad vantages as the home schools afforded), when, deter mined to push forward in an effort to make a career for himself, he entered the office of Dr. J. J. Oatman, of Carrolltown, as a student in medicine. He attended lectures at Jefferson Medical College, and graduated from that institution in the spring of 1872. Imme diately upon returning to Carrolltown he joined Dr. Oatman as a partner, and after an association of one year purchased the doctor's interest in the practice, and continued alone in Carrolltown until 1875. At this juncture he became dissatisfied with the regular school in medicine, and subsequently returned to Philadelphia, where he graduated in homoeopathy, and in 1876 decided to go to Vienna, in order to ac quire a more extended knowledge of surgery than can be afforded in this country, the long-established and immense hospitals of that old and wonderful capital of a mighty empire offering facilities that cannot be met with elsewhere. He lingered there nearly two years, but finally, in 1878, yielding to the solicitations of friends at home, he reluctantly returned, almost shattered in health from too close application and confinement to the dissecting-room. The sequel has shown in his success in surgery that it was time most profitably employed. After a short period for rest and recuperation he came to Altoona, with nothing but his diplomas, his experience, and indomitable spirit to sustain him, hung out his modest sign, and began that usually trying period to the newly-fledged physician, — waiting for a practice. But that was an interval almost unknown to him. Without influence, and comparatively obscure, he stood upon his merits, and in a few months, so rapidly did his skill manifest itself, he found himself at the head of a practice rarely acquired in as many years. Although a fine pathologist, having been endowed . with a gift that enables him unerringly to read the nature and seat of the disease brought under his in spection almost at a glance, as has before been re marked, it is in surgery that his skill is conspicuous. Notwithstanding his arduous professional labors, being largely benevolent and public-spirited, he has found time to embark in various business enterprises when other men would have sought rest or recreation. He was the founder of the Carrolltown Mills, is half- owner of a banking establishment, has acquired not a little real estate, and engaged in various adventures, the majority of them projected for the sole purpose of aiding some struggling young man into a suitable and self-sustaining business. He was one of the chief founders of a weekly paper in Altoona, The Sunday Morning, now a successfully established enterprise. Dr. Buck was married in November, 1878, to Jen nie, daughter of John Sharbaugh, of Cambria County. It is worthy of remark, in conclusion, that the term "self-made man" applies in an eminent sense to Dr. Buck. His parents being poor, he was compelled to r;/y'-Jn II f Ft'-iiSm* Jytu-lin.' CITY OF ALTOONA. 141 depend upon his own unaided efforts to acquire the rudiments of his medical education, and earning as best he could the means necessary thereto, he de frayed not only the expenses attendant upon his col legiate courses, but subsequently educated his three brothers and sister, one of the former being at present a practicing physician at Braddock's Field, Cambria County. James Elway came to the Tuckahoe Valley, in Logan township, in 1850, where he purchased a farm. He removed to Altoona in 1859. Michael Hileman was born in York County, Pa., Feb. 12, 1796. He came to Huntingdon (now Blair) County with his father's family in 1802. He died April 6, 1879. His widow is still living. Their only son, J. B. Hileman, was during twelve years a mer chant on Eleventh Avenue in Altoona. The first railroad depot was located on Ninth Ave nue, between Twelfth and Thirteenth Streets, near where the locomotive paint-shop now stands. At that time the road-bed was on Ninth Avenue, and trains only nan to Hollidaysburg. In those days there were two small public-houses (they could hardly be called hotels) near the. depot. One was kept by George Heisler, and is now known as the Jackson House, and the other by Joseph Ely, who has since removed from the city. Mr. Heisler is de ceased, but some of his family still reside here. The present depot was erected about 1871. The part of the city on which the " lower" shops are located was laid out by George R. Mowry, then a civil engineer of the company, and E. B. McPike, and known as Logantown until 1868. McCartneyville, in the northeast part of the city, was laid out bythe heirs of John McCartney in 1869. This plat extends from First Street, past Fifth, to Fairview Cemetery, and from Walnut Avenue north west six blocks. North of McCartneyville is " Hamilton's Exten sion," lying mostly outside the city limits. Collinsville, Millville, Juniata, etc., now outlying settlements, in time will, no doubt, be absorbed by the growing city. Bernard Kerr kept a store in the one-story portion of the old log farm-house on Tenth Avenue as early as 1849. Like most establishments of those days, its trade was in liquors and general merchandise. In November, 1856, Mr. Kerr moved to Mitchell County, Iowa, where he resided until his death, which occurred in the fall of 1869. His son, Archibald F., who went west in 1855, returned to Altoona in 1871, and has been engaged in the insurance business ever since. Another son, R. A. 0., who went west with his father, returned to Altoona after a brief absence, and located in a store then kept in a two-story brick building on the first lot east of the old log building. One portion of the house, a two-story frame, occupied in part by the Vindicator office, was subsequently destroyed by fire, which so injured the brick portion adjoining that it was torn down and a three-story brick building erected on its site. Among the professors of dental surgery in Altoona, Dr. Isenberg occupies the front rank, and in point of years of professional service in the city stands second, with a record of twenty years to prove it. He was born in Williamsburg, Blair Co., Nov. 4, 1841. His father (Samuel) was born in Huntingdon County in 1810, and in 1837 moved to Williamsburg, where for many years he carried on business as a shoe manufacturer. He died in 1880. Of his seven chil dren, all are living. John, his son, remained at home until his twentieth year, when, fired with the military ardor of the day, he enlisted as a private in Company A, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Regiment Pennsyl vania Volunteers, in August, 1862, for the nine months' service. He was severely wounded at the battle of Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862, and remained in hospital until his regiment was mustered out. He returned home, and in December, 1863, repaired to the city of Altoona to study dentistry with Dr. W. S. Bittner. At the end of a year he became a partner with Dr. Bittner, and maintained the connection two years, at the close of which he retired from the firm and estab lished himself on his own account. Since 1863 he has devoted himself, with steadily advancing success, to the pursuit of his profession, save for a brief inter- reguum from October, 1878, to Feb. 28, 1879, occupied in attendance upon a course of lectures at the Penn sylvania College of Dental Surgery, in Philadelphia, at which institution he graduated as D.D.S. on the date last mentioned. In December, 1865, Dr. Isen berg married Silena F., daughter of Allan Green, of Huntingdon County. Of their four children, three are living. Until 1870 his home was in Altoona, but in that year he removed to El Dorado, in Logan town ship, where he had built a picturesque country-seat, and found a welcome rural relaxation that is still a refreshing feature of daily existence. He has at El Dorado a place comprising about thirty acres, upon which he has for some time been profitably engaged in the cultivation of small fruits. In that depart ment of agriculture he is ambitious to make impor tant developments, and while broadening from year to year the production of his own lands, he looks like wise to materially fostering popular interest in his county in the domain of pomology. Since 1881 he has been the Pennsylvania Railroad agent at El Dorado, and engaged also at that point quite exten sively in the sale of agricultural implements. His representative there is his son George L. Dr. Isenberg has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church since his thirteenth year, and for many years has been identified with active work therein as steward, class-leader, and Sunday-school su perintendent. In the cause of temperance he has long been one of the foremost of Blair CountyJs valued workers. He assisted in founding the Blair County Temperance Union, has always been its fiscal 142 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. agent, and is a member of its executive commit tee. In politics he is a Prohibitionist, first, last, and every time, and with his colors always at the mast-head, he labors late and early, with heart and soul, by precept and example, to win a victory for total abstinence. Other Early Tradesmen.— Adlum & Ervin built the first store building in 1849. John Loudon began business as a merchant Aug. 18, 1850, on the corner of Eleventh Avenue and Fourteenth Street; and Clem ent Jaggard in 1851, on Tenth Avenue, between Thir teenth and Fourteenth Streets. Both are still engaged in merchandising in Altoona. James Lowther and William McDowell had a store on the northeast cor ner of Eleventh Avenue and Thirteenth Street, and later J. & J. Lowther kept where John Bowman's store building now is, on the southeast corner of Eleventh Avenue and Twelfth Street. John Mor row kept, about 1856 or 1857, at the corner of the same avenue and Fourteenth Street. Joseph B. Hileman (only child of Michael Hileman, who died April 6, 1879, aged over eighty-four years),1 was an other early merchant; he had a store for twelve years on Eleventh Avenue, where is now Mr. Confer's gro cery. He is still a resident here, but not as a store keeper; his business interests are principally in lumber in Michigan and iron in Virginia. George Wayne was the first merchant in Greens- burg, where is now McNellis' hotel. Henry A. Sellers built in 1852 the house No. 1408 Eleventh Avenue, where he kept store and post-office. He later pur chased a lot nearly opposite, and erected a building, in which he carried on business for some years. He died at Reading, Pa., and none of his family now re side here. William, a brother, came to Altoona in 1867 from Elizabeth Furnace, where he was an early resident and long engaged in the iron trade. His son, Dr. S. M., is in the drug business corner of Twelfth Street and Eighth Avenue. C. B. Sink came in 1853 or 1854, and established a grocery, and afterwards a general merchandise business, on Elev enth Avenue, above Fourteenth Street. George Fer ree was in trade here for several years as a partner of John Loudon and S. Yingling. In 1856 he- was one of the firm of Ferree & Morrow, but retired from mercantile life in 1857. He died in Philadelphia in 1880. He was a native of Coatesville, Chester Co.,, Pa. John M. Bush, a one-armed man, sold " Spruce Creek flour," etc., on Adeline Street, and later was a member of the firm of Bush & Morrow ; he left Al toona about 1875. John A. Smith and Abram Lou don were partners at John Loudon's present stand on Eleventh Avenue. They closed out their business in 1868 to Robert Ralston, and subsequently Mr. Smith started again at the store where he is now located. 1 Born Feb. 12, 1796, in York County, Pa., and came to Huntingdon (now Blair) County with his father's family in 1802. Samuel Ettinger was the first clothing merchant. He sold out to Harry Tuck prior to 1858, and moved to Philadelphia, where he now resides. Mr. Tuck boasts of being the oldest clothing merchant now doing business in the city. George W. Kessler, now at No. 1308 Eleventh Ave nue, was the pioneer druggist. He commenced in 1853 in a store on Virginia Street, nearly opposite his present location. The first hardware merchant was William O'Don nell, in 1853; and Magnus Bender, now living, re tired from business, on Eighth Avenue, was one of the first coal dealers. The history of the life of William Murray is the record of a self-made man who fought his way steadily, step by step, from an humble beginning to a very proud place among the successful merchants of Cen tral Pennsylvania. He was born in Harwick, Scot land, Jan. 17, 1820. His father (Gideon) was a sol dier in the British army from 1793 to 1814, and participated with honor iu all the wars of the Penin sula campaign. In April, 1842, William embarked for America to join his brother George, who was then a merchant in Cambria County, Pa., at Summer Hill. Upon his arrival he entered at once upon employ ment as a clerk in his brother's store, and continued thus engaged for eight years, or until 1850. Having by that time thoroughly learned the details of busi ness and saved some money, he concluded to become a merchant himself, and in Summer Hill, in 1850, opened a small store. He prospered as he deserved to, for he called to his new undertaking the aids of industrious application and a determination to suc ceed. As opportunity offered and trade demands sug gested he expanded his business, and in a few years found himself a flourishing merchant. He embarked also in lumbering and farming, in connection with store-keeping, and made a pronounced success of all of his undertakings. In 1866, after a profitable ex perience of sixteen years, he resolved to retire from business in Cambria County, only, however, for the purpose of re-entering the field at Altoona, and ac cordingly he located in the last-named place in the year mentioned. Since then he has steadily held a place among the foremost merchants of Altoona, and extended his business to proportions of more than ordinary importance. In the promotion and encour agement of public and private business enterprises, Mr. Murray has ever been a stirring and ready factor, He was one of the founders of the Altoona Bank, and of that institution has been a director and stock holder since its organization. He participated like wise in the projection and organization of the City Passenger Railroad, and has from the beginning been one of its directors. He was chosen a member of Altoona's first City Council, and was its first presi dent; was elected auditor of Altoona in 1868, and since then has been chosen twice to that office. At this time he is a member of the city school board, ¦^m V_ >' igy *•% f«| WILLIAM MURRAY. CITY OF ALTOONA. 143 and as a friend of and worker for the cause of public education he has won exalted praise. He has been - a Free-mason many years, and still holds a member ship in his original lodge, Cambria, No. 278. He was married in November, 1848, to Catharine J., daughter of Elisha Plummer, of Cambria County, a well-known farmer of that section. Of their seven children three are living. W. W. Murray, one of the sons, is a partner with his father in business. Mr. Murray was reared in the Presbyterian faith, since 1857 has been a member of the church, and for many years has served as elder. John B. Westley was the first carpenter and builder in Altoona. The first structure he put up was a house in the fall of 1849 for the use of Mr. Worrall, en gineer of the Pennsylvania Railroad, on Eleventh Avenue, corner Fourteenth Street Alley, upon the same lot where the St. Lawrence Hotel now stands. Following close upon this he built a store-house and residence for John Louden, and the residences of Enos M. Jones, on Eleventh Avenue ; Thomas El way, tailor, on Twelfth Avenue ; the late Joseph Boone, lumber dealer, on Gospel ; Henry Eicholtz, corner Eleventh Avenue and Thirteenth Street; and Wil liam Payne, on Ninth Avenue, between Ninth and Tenth Streets, all prior to 1852. Richard Smith is said to have been the first tailor in the place. Thomas Elway came soon after (before 1852), and used the shears and "goose" for many years. Both are deceased. In April, 1858, Jacob Snyder came to Altoona from Huntingdon borough, and established a tailor-shop on Virginia Street (now Eleventh Avenue), above what is now known as Twelfth Street. For twenty-four years he has fol lowed his trade in Altoona, the oldest established tailor here. The late Benjamin Figart was the first disciple of St. Crispin. John Shoemaker also was an early worker at the same trade prior to 1856 ; he is (1881) still living, but a helpless invalid. "The butcher, the baker, the candlestick-maker" were first represented here by " Nick" Agnew, who peddled meat in a wheelbarrow ; * by Weiss, who opened a small bakery in 1854; and by Christian Baish and Stephen Winters, early tinners. In 1860, Albert F. Heess, a young German; who had been working as a journeyman baker in Pennsylva nia and New York, pushed his way as far westward as Altoona, then a rapidly-growing town, with invit ing welcome to men of enterprise and industry. To day he is the proprietor of the Altoona Steam Bakery, perhaps the most extensive and best-equipped estab lishment of its kind between Philadelphia and Pitts burgh. Mr. Heess was born in Germany in 1837, learned 1 It is not quite clear which was first in this line, Agnew or Samuel Yingling. The latter's slaughter-house was in tho open air, under a piue-tree on the Dry Gap road, as early as 1851. the business of bread-baking when a lad, and in his seventeenth year, or in 1854, turned his steps toward the New World, where to his sanguine vision lay a field wherein stout hearts and willing hands might surely find an ample harvest. Upon his arrival in New Yprk he found employment at his trade in that city, and later in Philadelphia. Restless with a long ing to push westward, he left the Quaker City for Lancaster. It was while a journeyman baker in that city that he judged from afar that Altoona, the bust ling city at the foot of the Alleghenies, offered an opening for his energy and ambition. As already related, he located in Altoona in 1860 and established a small bakery. His means were moderate and his business small at first, but he gradually, although slowly, increased the first and developed the last, so that from time to time he enlarged his bakery, which to-day occupies a structure measuring sixty by one hundred feet, supplied with the latest and best-ap proved appliances. The machinery is driven by a twenty horse-power engine. He has one large tile oven and a Raney patent reel-oven, with a combined daily capacity of twenty barrels of flour. Ten hands are employed in the manufacturing department. The product includes bread, fancy cakes, crackers, etc., which are supplied not only to Altoona, but to a wide stretch of territory in Pennsylvania. Mr. Heess is a worthy type of a successful business man, and in his career has aptly illustrated how per severance and correctly applied industry must win eventually in the battle for existence. In the world of advanced ideas and spirited enterprise he has kept pace with the age, while as a strictly representative man he has won rightful recognition. He has served as a member of the City Council, and is now an active member of the school board and one of the most earnest workers in the cause of public education. The pioneer clergyman was the Rev. Henry Baker, the pastor of the First Lutheran Church, who has ministered here since 1846. The first physician was the late Dr. Gabriel Thomas. Other early practition ers were Dr. McKee, now a surgeon in the United States army, and C. J. Hirst, whose oflice and resi dence in 1856 was at the southwest corner of Virginia and Julia Streets. Early "squires" were Joseph Ad lum, McNally, and Jacob Good. At a later date Moses Doty was engaged as a scrivener and in settling his neighbors' disputes. The latter is now (or recently was) living near Frederick, Md. The first lawyer was William Stokes, deceased; other early members of the bar located here were Louis W. Hall, now of Harrisburg, and Daniel J. Neff, who came from Hol lidaysburg, and is still a resident practitioner. Mr. Hall's office was on Virginia Street, between Thir teenth and Fourteenth, in a building now owned by J. M. Alexander, Esq. Mr. Hall was State senator from this district in 1860-62, and again (along with Kirk Haines) in 1865-67. Daniel J. Neff, who occupies a place in the front 144 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. rank among the attorneys of Blair County, was born in Huntingdon County, Jan. 3, 1831, of which his father, Daniel, was also a native, the latter's father having come to Huntingdon County from Lancaster County, where the Neffs were figures in local history at an early period in the history of Pennsylvania. Young Daniel was sent to school at Alexandria at the age of eleven, continued his education at Hunt ingdon Academy, and finished it at Marshall College, Mercersburg, where he graduated in 1851. He spent the ensuing three years at home, and in 1854 began the study of law with Hon. S. S. Blair, of Hollidays burg. In 1856 he entered the Poughkeepsie, N. Y., Law School, reading meanwhile with Homer A. Nel son, a learned lawyer of that town. In 1856 he was admitted to the bar at Hollidaysburg, and in that place opened an office. There he remained only a short time before removing to Tyrone, of which place, in 1860, he took leave to locate in the then promising field of Altoona. In Altoona he has continued ever since. When he opened his office in the city it con tained but two other attorneys, L. W. Hall (with whom he associated as partner) and a Mr. Boyer. Hall and Boyer having passed out of current local history, Mr. Neff is to-day Altoona's oldest lawyer. Although past fifty years of age, Mr. Neff looks much younger, despite the arduous labors that have marked his busy legal career of nearly thirty years. He is recognized as a practitioner of more than ordinary attainments, and for many years has enjoyed a prac tice equaled by few attorneys in Western Pennsyl vania. Since 1868 he has held the important trust of solicitor to the Pennsylvania Railway Company, and practices largely before the Supreme Court of the State, as well as the United States and county courts. He was one of the founders of the Blair County Bar Association, and is still one of its members. He was one of the incorporators of the Second National Bank of Altoona, and is now a stockholder therein. In 1878 he married Susan B., daughter of Levi Gray, of Altoona. William M. Beyer, attorney-at-law, was born in Antes township, Blair Co., March 5, 1854. He was educated at Bell's Academy and Tipton Seminary, and at the age of eighteen worked with his brother, Frank D., at carpentering, under instructions. His father, Aaron Beyer, is a prominent citizen of Blair County, and has in this history a leading place in the record of the county's representative men. After a season of two years in mechanical pursuits he deter mined to embrace the study of law, and entered the preparatory school of Allegheny College, at Mead ville, at which institution he graduated in 1879 as Bachelor of Arts, and in 1882 received the degree of A.M. He then entered the law office of Hon. S. S. Blair, of Hollidaysburg, studied afterwards in the law-office of Mr. Edmund Shaw, of Altoona, and in 1881 was admitted to the bar. He opened an office in Altoona, and, although one of the youngest of the members of his profession in the county, has already acquired a profitable practice. Augustus V. Dively, a prominent member of the Altoona bar, was born in Blair County (Greenfield township), June 17, 1848, upon the farm where his father, Michael Dively, first saw the light in 1800. Michael Dively married Elizabeth, daughter of Val entine Ficks, a native of Bedford County. The Dively ancestry runs back to the earliest period of the settlement of Central Pennsylvania, Michael Dively's father, an ex-officer of the Revolutionary service, having moved from York County in 1787 and located in what is now Greenfield township, Blair Co., upon the farm now owned by Augustus V. Dively and his brother, George M. Dively, and for three gen erations owned by the Divelys. There Michael Dively died in 1870, and there his widow still lives. Augustus V. Dively was educated at the Juniata Collegiate Institute and .at the Michigan State Uni versity, at which latter institution he took a law course, having previously read law at odd, hours while em ployed at Sarah Furnace, under Essington Hammond, Esq., ex-district attorney. In April, 1873, he was admitted to the bar, and shortly thereafter opened an office in Altoona, where he has been engaged in prac tice ever since. He was at first associated as partner with S. M. Woodcock, later with James G. Flanigan, and in May, 1882, was joined by J. S. Leisenring, his present partner. Their field of practice embraces the United States Circuit Court, the District Court, and the Supreme Court of the State. May 18, 1870, he married Mary E., daughter of Henry Shoenfelt, of Sharpsburg. Of their four children two are living. He is a member of the Reformed Church, and has served as deacon therein. He was a member of the Altoona School Board from 1874 to 1877, and was the only Democratic member thereof during that period. In 1874 he was nominated as the Democratic candi date for the district attorneyship against James F. Milliken, of Hollidaysburg, and although defeated, carried the city of Altoona by the handsome majority of five hundred. In business circles he has at times taken a prominent place, and is at present the presi dent of the Altoona Planing- Mill Company, of which he was one of the founders. Edmund Shaw, one of the leading members of the Altoona bar, is a native of Clearfield County, where he was born Dec. 4, 1836. His father, John Shaw, was born in Mifflin County, and after following the business of cabinet-making for some years he re moved to Clearfield County, and devoted himself to farming, dying in 1869, in Philipsburg. His wife was Mary, a daughter of Samuel Waring, of Clearfield County, and a native of England. Of their eight children four are living,— Edmund, Rev. Harvey (a missionary in Mexico), Mary J. (residing in Wash ington), and Alfred (of the General Post-Office De partment at Washington). Edmund received his earlier education in the common schools of Clearfield U- i« \Sss. County of Blair. J " ' Before the subscriber, one of the justices of the peace in and for the said county, personally appeared Herman J. Lombaert, John L. Piper, Jacob Hesser, George R. Everson, and Thomas McCauley, who being severally sworn according to law, declare that, as members of the Town Council of the borough of Altoona, they and each of them will support the Constitution of the United States and of this State, and will with fidelity, and to the best of their ability, perform the duties of their office. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal this twenty- second day of April, a.d. 1854. "'P.M. McNally, .T.P.' ¦j SEAL. V " At the invitation of the chairman, George W. Patton, chief bnr- gesB elect, was asked to be present, and was introduced by him. P. M. McNally J.P., administered the oath of office to the chief burgess, and at his request it is entered on the records of organization of Town Coun cil. "It being moved and seconded, and unanimously agreed to, that an election for officers of Town Council bo now had, on motion of J. Uesser, nominations were made for president of Council. " Mr. Hesser nominated G. R. Everson ; Mr. Everson nominated J. L. Piper; Mr. McCauley nominated H. J. Loml.aert. On motion of Mr. McCauley, nominations closed. Agreed to. On motion of Mr. Hesser, an eleclion by ballot was agreed to. On motion of Mr. Piper, G. W. Palton was invited to act as teller. Ballot taken, and G. R. Evereon having received a majority of votes, was, on motion of J. L. Piper, declared unanimously elected president of Town Council. " It was moved and seconded that an election for secretary and town clerk be now had, when P. M. McNally was nominated, and unani mously elected. "It was moved and seconded that an election for treasurer be now had, when Thomas McCauley was nominated, and unanimously elected. CITY OF ALTOONA. 147 "On motion of J. L. Piper, the president appointed the following as a committee to prepare by-laws for the government of proceedings of Town Council, and to report at next meeting: Committee, H, J. Lom baert, J. L. Piper, aud Jacob Hesser. " Moved and seconded, and unanimously agreed to, that the Council return their thanks to Mr. G. W. Patton for his services in assisting them to organize, and that he be invited to attend the future meetings of Town Council. "On motion, Council adjourned, to meet at seven o'clock p.m. April 29, 1854. (Signed) |"Qeoroe R. Everson, president. " H. J. Lombaert, secretary pro. tem." The first ordinance was passed by the borough April 29, 1854. At the same session Thomas Burchi nell was elected supervisor, and George R. Mowery borough surveyor. July 13th, an " assessment of one- half per cent, on borough valuation" was ordered. July 20th, P. M. McNally was appointed tax collector for the borough. July 29th, "after consultation, Council resolved to direct Mr. James Nightwine to grade four squares of the public streets, and report cost to Council." August 3d, H. J. Lombaert was requested to procure a seal for the use of the borough. September 7th, James Nightwine's bill of five hun dred and fifty-nine dollars and ninety cents was passed, and " the chief burgess was requested to call a town-meeting to take into consideration the pro priety of organizing a fire company, and securing the necessary supply of water." November 2d, the secre tary was directed to order a suspension of work upon the streets. The above shows the principal business transacted during the first year of the borough's existence. During the years which represent in Altoona its borough organization the following officers adminis tered its government : CHIEF BURGESSES. 1854-55. George W. Patton. 1856. Thomas McMiun.1 1S57. James Lowther.2 1858-59. Enos M. Jones. 1860. W. C. McCormick.i 1861-63. John Allison.l 1864-65. William K. Leonard.! I860. John A. Baer (three months only). 1866. H. C. Dern (balance of term, acting). 1867. Henry Fettinger, Sr. MEMBERS OF COUNCIL.' 1854.— Herman J. Lambaert, John L. Piper, George R. Everson, Jacob Hesser, Thomas McCauley. 1855— Michael Clabaugh, Asbury Denning, John M. Campbell, John Hamilton, Thomas McCauley. 1856.— Michael Clabaugh, C. McCrea, Andrew Green, Alexander Riling, Thomas McCauley. 1857.— Uoberl H. McCormiclt, William Boyden, Archibald Maxwell, J. A. McMillan, Jacob Hesser. 1858.— Bobert H. McCormick, John Allison, James Lowther, John N, Glanding, Peter Reed. 1859.— John Allison, Robert B. Taylor, Daniel Price, Robert Green, D. T. Speering. I860— A. A. Smythe, Ralph Greenwood, D. R. Miller, J. Ji.. McDowell, Daniel F. Laughman. 1861— A. A. Smythe, C. R. Hostetter, N. J. Mervine, Ralph Greenwood, Daniel F. Laughman. 1 Deceased. ' Now living at Bell's Mills; all others still 1J88I) living in Altoona. 8 The names of councilmen given in italics were those who served as president of the board. 1862. — A. A. Smythe, Jacob HesBer, John Loudon, C. R. HoBtetter, N. J. Mervine. 1863. — John McClelland, JameB Kearney, C. J. ITackett, John Loudon, N. J. Mervine, J. Hesser. 1864. — John McClelland, James Kearney, C. J. Hackott, John Loudon, J. Kelley ,4 J. Hesser. 1865. — John McClelland, John Fresh, MoBes A. Cyphers, JameB Kearney, C. J. Hackett, J. Hesser. 1866.— John McClelland,'' John Fresh, Henry C. Bern, M. A. Cyphers, Wil liam Rodamore, J. Hesser. 1867.— John B. Warfel, Samuel Lloyd, John Fresh, H. C. Dern, William Rodamore, J. Hesser. TOWN CLERKS. 1862-63. W. B. Kettler. 1864. 0. 0. Hamilton. 1864. (Oct. 4) Charles E. Collins. 1865. Charles E. Collins (Timothy Brophy acted after Nov. 7). 1866-67. Timothy Brophy. 1854. P. M. McNally. 1 855-56. Jacob Good. 1857-58. John McClelland. 1869. J. G. Adlnm. 1860. John McClellend. 1861. S. M. Woodcock (Woodkok). TOWN TREASURERS. 1854-56. Thomas McCauley. 1857. . 1858. James Lowther. 1859. Daniel Price. 1860. D. R. Miller. 1861. Daniel Laughman. 1862-63— Charles J. Mann. 1864-67. Jacob Hesser. 1854. Thomas Bnrchnell. 1855. John M. Campbell. 1856. James Green. 1857. John Humes. 1858-59. K. M. Jones. 1860. John McClelland. SUPERVISORS^ 1861. W. W. Snyder. 1862. Joseph F. Keesberry. 1863-64. W. W. Snyder. 1865. B. McMahon (until Jnne 1, 1866). 1866-67. W. W. Snyder. In the summer of 1855, under authority of an act of the Assembly, the borough limits were extended so as to include the village of Greensburg as "a part and parcel" of the borough of Altoona (and the same was officially declared by ordinance No. 12), the boundaries being defined as follows : " Commencing at the northeastern corner of Altoona borough, and thence running along said borough and lands of Archibald Wright, south forty-five degrees east two hundred and forty-seven perches, to lands of William Bell; thence north forty-one and one-fourth degree. east firty-uine and eight-tenths perches, to the lands of Bell Lloyd, Jack & Company; thence along said lands of Bell Lloyd, Jack & Com pany, north forty-four degrees west, to lands of J. E. Thompson, and along the lands of J. E. Thompson, north forty-five degrees west seventy- six and four-tenths perches, to lands of John Kough; thence along lands of Jobn Kough, south forty-three degrees, west seventy and eight-tenths perches, to the borough of Altoona, or place of beginning; it being a tract of land conveyed by Grasier by deed to Andrew Green, and by him laid out iu lots, and parts of it sold to Robert Mc Cormick." Up to this date there was no continuity of streets between Altoona and Greensburg, but when the latter place became a part of the borough, the authorities turned their attention to this subject. It became a part of the " Article of Agreement made and con cluded Aug. 6, 1855, between the Town Council of the Borough of Altoona, party of the first part, and Alexander McCormick, Robert Green, Ezra Ale, Joseph Moist, Michael Calvert, committee of Greens burg, on behalf of the citizens of Greensburg, parties of the second part," from which document we quote the following : 4 Resigned April 5, 1864. 6 Resigned July 6, 1866, and H. C. Dern elected. « Also named in the records as " street commissioner." 148 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. " And the said first party further agree that the streets now blocked up between Altoona and Greensburg shall be opened by tbe authority of the said party or parties, and the first party to pay one-third of the expenses of opening the Btreets, as follows, viz.: Adaline, Helen, and Rebecca Streets, in East Altoona, so as to open into tbe Greensburg streets, and Main, Green, Chestnut, and Lexington Streets, in Greens burg, so as to open into Catharine Street, in West Altoona, and the said Catharine Street, in West Altoona, to be opened and extended on to the foot of Straw's lot. And the borough to pay one-third the expenses, and receive none of the taxes from Greensburg the present year." A pound was erected as early as 1854. The " lock up" was commenced in 1857 and finished in 1858.1 In 1855 the matters of establishing a market and a cemetery were agitated ; the latter did not attain fru ition until 1857, when " Fairview" was opened. May 5, 1856, the name of Railroad Street was changed to Main, and the name of Main Street in Greensburg was at the same time changed to Virginia Street. The "high constable" in 1856 was John Lias; J. Reifsnider and Joseph K. Eaby subsequently served in the same capacity.2 In 1859, L. W. Hall acted as borough counsel, and J. K. Eaby as the borough col lector. In 1858 the assessors were directed to take a census of the borough, and were allowed twenty-five dollars compensation therefor. Among the justices who officiated prior to the or ganization of the city government we may name Jacob Good, Jacob Cherry, John W. Humes, Spielman. The last record of the borough is the proceedings of a special meeting held Saturday, Feb. 29, 1868, which closes with the words, " On motion, adjourned sine die.'' During the last year of the borough organization, eight street-lamps were maintained at an aggregate cost for gas consumed of about seventeen dollars per month. The lamps were located upon the corners of the following streets: Emma and Julia, Virginia and Caroline, Virginia and Julia, Adeline and Annie, Emma and Catharine, Annie and Harriet, Branch and Annie, and at the Annie Street Hall. City Organization and Civil Lists.— Altoona re ceived its city charter in February, 1868. The follow ing is a list of the officers who have managed the municipal affairs from the organization of the city government to the present time : George Potts, 1868-71. David Kinch, 1872-73. D. A. Gilland, 1874-77. James Lowther, 1868-69. Thomas Elway, 1870-71. Jacob Snyder, 1872-73. John H. Carr, 1874-75. MAYORS. Thomas W. Hurd, 1878-79. W. T. Howard, 1880-81. TREASURERS. W. C. Galbraith, 1876-77. John 0. Sullivan, 1878-79. W.S. Bittner, 1880-81. 1 It was erected upon a lot procured of William Marriot, on what is now Twelfth Street, and the second story of the building was the coun cil-chamber. 2 Under the borough government there were two constables, one for each side of town ; there were no policemen prior to 1868. RECORDER. This office was not established until 1878, when Thomas H. Greevy was elected, and he has filled the position ever since. MEMBERS OF COUNCIL." 1868. First Ward.— D. K. Reamey, H. C. Dern. Second Ward.— W. B. Bartley, John Delahunt. Third Ward.— T. I. McKiernan, W. Murray. Fourth Ward.— J. N. Glanding, A. H. Maxwell. Fifth Ward. — David Robison, James Smith. Sixth Ward.— Philip Fadle, John Rocket 1869. First Ward.— H. C. Dern, Jacob Snyder. Second Ward.— J. W. Devlin, Andrew Kipple. Third Ward.— W. Murray, R. A. 0. Kerr. Fourth Ward.— A. H. Maxwell, John H. Carr. Fifth Ward. — James Smith, John W. Robison. Sixth Ward. — John Rocket, John O'Toole. 1870. First Ward.— George W. Stewart, Patrick Green. Second Ward. — Andrew Kipple, Henry Elway. Third Ward.— B. A. 0. Kerr, E. M. Jones. Fourth Ward.— John H. Carr, Clement Jaggard. Fifth Ward.— J. W. Robison, H. N. Anderson. Sixth Ward. — John O'Toole, Joseph Long. 1871. First Ward. — Robert Green, D. K. Reamey. Second Ward. — Henry Elway, John Lloyd. Third Ward.— E. M. Jones, R. A. O. Kerr. Fourth Ward. — H. N. Anderson, Samuel Sprankle. Fifth Ward.— C. Jaggard, W. S. Douglass. Sixth Ward.— Joseph Long, J. C. McCloskey. 1872. First Ward. — D. K. Reamey, J. W. Curry. Second Ward. — John Lloyd, James Clabaugh. Third Ward.— B. A. O. Kerr, J. Capstick. Fourth Ward.— W. S. Douglass, T. I. McKiernan. Fifth Ward.— S. Sprankle, H. N. Anderson. Sixth Ward.— J. C. McCloskey, J. T. McDonald. 1873. First Ward.— J. W. Curry, John Clingerman. Second Ward. — James Clabaugh, R. J. Crozier. Third Ward. — J. Capstick, John Swart;. Fourth Ward.— T. I. McKiernau, Samuel Lloyd. Fifth Ward.— H. N. Anderson, John Lloyd. Sixth Ward.— J. T. McDonald, John Rocket. Seventh Ward.— David Walker, J. C. McCartney. Eighth Ward.— J. F. Beegle, G. A. Smith. 1874. First Ward.— John Clingerman, Fred. Olmes. Second Ward. — R. J. Crozier, D. S. Markey. Third Ward.— Jobn Swartz, A. G. Sink. Fourth Ward.— Samuel Lloyd, Albert Heess. Fifth Ward^^John Lloyd, William Stoke. Sixth Ward.— John Rockett, John F. Storm. Seventh Ward.— David Walker, J. C. McCartney. Eighth Ward.— J. F. Beegle, F. S. Ball. 1875. First Ward. — F. W. Olmes, George Metz. Second Ward.— D. S. Markey, G. J. Akers. Third Ward.— A. G. Sink, James Harkins. Fourth Ward.— A. F. Heess, Samuel Lloyd. Fifth Ward.— William Stoke, C. Hauser. Sixth Ward.— John Storm, F. D. Casanave. Seventh Ward.-J. C. McCartney, J. Gearhart. Eighth Ward.— F. S. Ball, David Koch. s Tlie names of members who served as presidents of Council are given in italics. CITY OF ALTOONA. 149 1876. First Ward.— George Metz, A. Ake. Second Ward. — G. J. Akers, Blain McCormick. Third Ward. — James Harkins, A. G. Sink. Fourth Ward.— Samuel Lloyd, W. W. Smith. Fifth Ward. — 0. Hauser, George W. Detwiler. Sixth Ward.— F. D. Casanave, John O'Toole. Seventh Ward. — J. Gearhart, N, T. Cunningham. Eighth Ward. — David Koch, William Decker. 1877. First Ward.— A. Ake, S. Taylor. Second Ward. — B. McCormick, James Lutz. Third Ward.— A. G. Sink, J. L. Reifsnyder. Fourth Ward.— H. W. Snyder, J. G. Flnnigan. Fifth Ward. — George W. Detwiler, Paul Sharp. 6ixth Ward.— John O'Toole, F. D. Casanave. Seventh Ward.— N. T. Cunningham, W. McGill. Eighth Ward.— W. M. Decker, G. W. Cessna. 1878. First Ward. — Sampson Taylor, J. F. Bowman. Second Ward. — James Lutz, John M. Klein. Third Ward.— J. L. Reifsnyder, Frank Molloy. Fourth Ward.— J. G. Flanigan, H. B. Kendig. Fifth Ward.— Paul Sharp, C. C. Mateer. Sixth Ward.— F. D. Casanave, D. G. Owens. Seventh Ward. — N. T. Cunningham, H. S. Morgan. Eighth Ward.— George W. Cessna, J. B. Burket. 1879. First Ward. — John Bowman, Sampson Taylor. Second Ward.— John M. Klein, W. B. Bartley. Third Ward— Frank Molloy, A. F. Kerr. Fourth Ward.— H. B. Kendig, A. H. Maxwell. Fifth Ward.— C. C. Mateer, John Flanigan. Sixth Ward.— D. G. Owens, F. D. Casauave. Seventh Ward. — H. S. Morgan, Harry Geesey. Eighth Ward.— John B. Burket, F. S. Ball. 1880. First Ward.— S. Taylor, A. L. McCartney. Second Ward.— W. B. Bartley, Zac. EndreBS. Third Ward— A. F.Kerr, Frank Molloy. Fourth Ward.— A. H. Maxwell, H. W. Snyder. Fifth Ward.— John Flanigan, M. Keough. Sixth Ward.— F. D. Casanave, Thomas Miller. Seventh Ward. — Harry Geesey, Rinehart Line. Eighth Ward.— F. S. Ball, James D.Brannan. SECRETARIES OF COUNCIL. J. W. McKinney, 1868-70; T. B. Patton, 1871; Timothy Brophy, 1872; T. B. Patton, 1873-75 ; John McNevin, 1876-80. SOLICITORS. ». J. Neff, 1868-70; Neff & Riley, 1871 ; S. M. Woodcock, 1872; D. J. Neff, 1873; H. H. Herr, 1875-76; A. V. Dively, 1877; Alexander & Heir, 1878; J. G. Flanigan, 1879-80. CIVIL ENGINEERS.l B. F. Lytle, 1872-73 ; William McDonald, 1874 ; J. B. Haupt, 1875 ; Wil liam McDonald, 1879-80. SUPERINTENDENT OF WATER DEPARTMENT. John A. Baer, 1875-80. POLICEMEN. Arthur Storm, 1868-69 ; J. A. Whitmer, 1868-70; H. B. Foreman, 1870- 71; G. W. Hazzard, 1871; J. A. Westbrook (chief), William Robe son, J. K. Ely, 1872-73; John H. Cooke, 1873; Benjamin Burley, 1873-75 ; Theodore Doll, 1873 ; T. S. Riley (chief), 1874 ; W. T. How ard, 1874-75; J. M. Lantz, 1874; George D. Randolph, 1874-76 ; W. W. Smith (chief), 1875-76 ; Jacob Holtzman, 1875 ; John Coho, 1876 -78 ; George D. Randolph (chief), Charles W. Whittle, 1877 ; James P.. MeDonald (chief), George D. Randolph, 1878 ; Abram Myers, 1878-80 ; H. E. Fettinger, 1878-79 ; Jacob Holtzman (chier), 1879 ; 1 Office created by an ordinance of the Common Council, approved April 13, 1869. James Allen, 1879-80; James Powell (chief), John Kimmell, C. A. Dotzler, Anton Schittlekopf, Charles W. Whittle (special police), 18S0. "i: i STREET COMMISSIONERS. George D. Randolph, 1R68 ; Hugh McCartney, 1869; William Fox, 1870- 72; Sampson Taylor, 1873-74; Bernard Kelley, 1876; C.N.Atkin son, 1876-79; John Rockett, 1880. ALDERMEN. First, Third, and Seventh Wards.— Alexander McCormick, 1868-78 ; B. F. Rose, 1878-84. Second, Fourth, and Eighth Wards.— John Hickey, 1868-73; Louis R. Poffenberger, 1873-78; W. B. Blake, 1878-83. Fifth and Sixth Wards.— Thomas A. Durbin, 1863-73 ; Russell H. Griffin, 1873-78; John O'Toole, 1878-83. CONSTABLES. East Side. — Joseph W. Dougherty (third term). We6t Side. — Jackson Gibbs (second term). City Finances. — For the fiscal year ending Dec. 31, 1879, the receipts of the city treasurer had been $21,419.99, and his expenditures $20,165.23, leaving a balance in his hands of $1254.76. The outstanding indebtedness of the city up to the time specified was : City fund, $7128.01; water fund, $207,310.05; im provement fund, $155,010 ; total, $369,448.06. We append a tabular statement by wards of the number of taxables in the city, the valuation of prop erty, and the assessments : Taxables. Valuation. First Ward 634 $325,060 Second Ward 821 . 239,501 Third Ward 505 393.9110 Fourth Ward 619 398,165 Fifth Ward .'..... 746 187,625 Sixth Ward 838 210,757 Seventh Ward 251 121,575 Eighth Ward 487 103,075 Total 4901 81,979,658 THE ASSESSMENTS. rit„ T„, Water Improve- T . . City Tax. Tax ment lotal. First Ward $1,950.36 ${,250.60 $1300.24 $6,501.20 Second Ward 1,437.01 2,395.01 958.00 4,790.02 Third Ward 2,363.40 3,939.00 1575.60 7,878.00 Fourth Ward 2,388.99 3,981.65 1592.66 7,963 30 Fifth Ward 1,125.75 1,876.25 750.50 3,752.50 Sixth Ward 1,264.54 2,107.57 843.03 4 215.14 Seventh Ward 729 45 1,215.75 486;30 2,431 50 Eighth Ward 618.45 1,030.75 412.30 2,061.60 Total $11,877.95 $19,796.58 $7918.63 $39,593.16 The population of Altoona, by wards, for 1880 shows the following figures, according to the census enumerators : First Ward 2,735 Second Ward 3,3+3 Third Ward 2.517 Fourth Ward 2,587 Fifth Ward 2,708 Sixth Ward 3,058 Seventh Ward 825 Eighth Ward.. 1.M7 Total 1V40 Celebrations and Notable Occasions, — Among the notable events in the history of Altoona was the celebration of the centennial year, one of the grand est demonstrations ever witnessed in the Mountain City. The following is mainly from an account pub lished by George J. Akers in the Evening Mirror : " The outpouring of the people was immense, and not an accident occurred to mar the enjoyment. At an early hour the streets were thronged with an im- 150 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. mense multitude, and presented a brilliant and lively spectacle. " The doors of the opera-house was thrown open at eight o'clock, and in less than twenty minutes it was impossible to obtain standing-room, and hundreds of persons were compelled to forego the pleasure of at tending the exercises there. At ten minutes before nine o'clock the City Band marched to the opera- house, playing the old familiar air 'Yankee Doodle,' shortly after which the curtain slowly arose. Arranged in appropriate order were thirteen little girls, repre senting the thirteen original States of the Union, as follows : Massachusetts, Mary Patton ; New Hamp shire, Jessie Murray ; Rhode Island, Tillie Smith ; Connecticut, Ninnie Bowman ; New Jersey, Maggie Cooney ; New York, Kate F. Fettinger ; Pennsyl vania, Ellen Shuster; Delaware, Rettie Smith ; Mary land, Emma Odenwalder; Virginia, Jennie Powel; North Carolina, Ann Kerr; South Carolina, Jennie Smith ; Georgia, Clara Wahl. " In the centre of the stage stood a beautiful ever green pine, representing the 'Tree of Liberty,' deco rated with thirty-seven small flags, corresponding to the States now in the Union. The whole arrange ment of the stage was under the direct supervision of Henry Fettinger, Sr." The exercises commenced with an overture upon the piano by Professor U. S. Lutz, followed by " Hail Columbia" by the band, and a tableau, which " brought down the house" in appreciation of its de light. The glee club then sang "My Country, 'Tis of Thee," followed by remarks by his Honor Mayor D. A. Gilland. After the glee club's " Red, White, and Blue," the Rev. C. T. Steck read " John Adams on the Declaration," and Robert A. Clarke " The Dec laration of Independence." A poem on the " Ringing of the Liberty Bell" was read by Rev. Steck. Music by the band. An address by William Lee Woodcock was followed by music by both band and glee club. Rev. Steck then read the stirring poem, " E Pluribus Unum," and brief, eloquent speeches were made, by Rev. H. Baker and D. B. Williams, followed by an original apostrophe to the American eagle by P. S. Ake, which concluded the indoor exercises. "After the exercises in the opera-house had con cluded, the dense crowd therein assembled poured out into the streets and swelled the immense throngs there congregated. Every door-step, balcony, door, and window along Eleventh Avenue was occupied by persons anxious to obtain a better view of the pro ceedings on the streets. The interval from eleven until twelve o'clock was consumed in illuminating the houses, preparing for the parade, and general jol lification. " About twelve o'clock St. John's Literary Society, numbering eighty men, attired in regalia, with torches and national colors, marched down the east side of Eleventh Avenue, and halted in front of Marsh's tailoring establishment. The Empire Hook-and- Ladder Company, fully equipped and carrying axes and torches, simultaneously marched down the west ern side of the avenue, halted opposite Stehle's hotel, and opened order to allow the Good Will Engine Company to pass through. In the mean time St. John's Society marched down to Eleventh Street, across to the west side of Eleventh Avenue, and halted. The Latta Guard, headed by their drum corps, next marched up Eleventh Avenue to Eleventh Street, and halted at the opera-house. The Excel sior Hose Company appeared at this juncture and took a position on the avenue, soon after which the Altoona Engine Company (P. R. R.) marched up Twelfth Street to Twelfth Avenue, down Twelfth Avenue to Eleventh Street, along Eleventh Street to Eleventh Avenue and halted ; they were attired in full equipments, bearing axes and torches, and headed by their drum corps. Aides Hamlin and Alexander having arrived on prancing steeds some time before, busied themselves in forming the line, in which labors they were subsequently assisted by Messrs. Cornman, Fries, Hurd, Meyers, and Crozier, assistant aides. During the formation of the line the immense throng of people maintained an uninter rupted cheering from one end of the avenue to the other. Fireworks were set off in profusion, fire-arms discharged, and the general enthusiasm was deafen ing. " Precisely at twelve o'clock, midnight, the Vigi lant bell gave the signal, and from every church steeple, from the school-houses, shops, and engine- houses the glad tidings of great joy went forth and reverberated through the atmosphere unto all the in habitants of our Mountain City, reminding us that the grandest new year of the closing century was being born. Simultaneous with the ringing of the bells the locomotives in the yards of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company sounded their shrill whistles ; the bonfires on the hills were lighted; the cannons on Reservoir and Gospel Hills thundered ; various col ored lights appeared in various parts of the city; windows were brilliantly illuminated, and the whole city was aglow with many colored lights. Such a scene was never before seen or heard in the city of Altoona. At precisely fifteen minutes past twelve o'clock, Chief Marshal Stewart dashed up Twelfth Street on his ' white charger' and assumed command of the procession. In a moment the command was given, and the procession of over a thousand men were in motion. The uniforms, regalias, axes, and horns of those composing the parade sparkled amid the glare of the torches. The music served to render the scene more impressive. The following was the order of the procession : (1) The chief marshal, plumed, and wearing a jeweled sash, on a spirited white charger, accompanied by his aides ; (2) Latta Guards, in full uniform ; (3) Altoona City Cornet Band ; (4) Good Will Steam Fire-Engine Company ; (5) Empire Hook-and-Ladder Company ; (6) Moun- CITY OF ALTOONA. 151 tain City Comet Band ; (7) Vigilant Steam Fire En gine Company ; (8) Excelsior Hose Company ; (9) Altoona Steam Fire-Engine Company; (10) St. John's Literary and Benevolent Society; (11) Key stone Cornet Band ; (12) cavalcade of citizens." Residences and places of business were decorated with flags, ensigns, arches, etc. The following Fourth of July, being the " Centen nial Fourth," was also celebrated. The procession, composed of military, patriotic personations, the fire department, benevolent and civic societies, the em ployes of our great workshops, tradesmen, and artisans at work, mounted on wagons, and citizens in carriages and on foot, was one that was scarcely surpassed any where. The procession moved through the principal streets to a stand erected in a field in the eastern sub urbs of the city, where the immense concourse of people was addressed by Judge John P. Blair, of Indiana County. A violent storm at three o'clock P.M. put an end to the spectacle. The next important event was the railroad strike and riots of 1877. From July 19th until the 30th, when the strike ended, Altoona was in a constant furore of excitement. Meetings of railroad men, shop men, and citizens were held, detachments of the State militia arrived and were stationed here, the car-shops Were closed, trains stopped, and confusion reigned supreme.1 July 25th the following presentment was made to the court, then in session at Hollidaysburg : "We, the grand jury, inquiring in and for Blair County, would re spectfully represent, concerning the disorders at Altoona withiu the last few days, that we have no personal knowledge of persons engaged therein. We are informed and believe that persons of tbe number of three or four have, in a tumultuous, disorderly, and riotous manner, with force, stopped the trains running on the Pennsylvania Railroad, and have by threats and violence prevented engineers, firemen, aud brakemeu from operating trains. But thiB information is not from per sonal observation of any one of us ; nor is it from witnesses duly sworn, bnt only from rumor, or from statements made in the public newspapers. We have not the names of those engaged in such disturbances, nor is it in our power this sitting (so far as we can judge) to obtain precise and reliable testimony as to the names of guilty parties, and to the extent of their guilt, which would warrant a presentment. While anxious to aid in preserving the peace and good name of our county by promptly taking cognizance of violations of the law within its borders, we are of the opinion that unless our sessions be indefinitely postponed by adjourn ment from day to day to allow for the hunting up and subpoenaing wit nesses, and execution of Biimmary process for their attendance, it is im possible at this session of the court to make the proper presentment as to crimes and criminals, and dates, which would be sufficient to warrant the arrest of the offenders. At present there is quiet and order at Al toona, and as we believe the late violations of law will not be repeated, therefore, unless tbe court is of the opinion that our services in session should be prolonged after the conclusion of ordinary business, we respect fully request that we may be discharged." But on Monday morning, 30th, the workmen re turned to their places in the shops, and soon after the railway trains resumed their regular trips. On June 12, 1865, and again on the 29th and 30th of May, 1878, the annual conclave of the Grand Com- mandery of Knights Templar of Pennsylvania con- 1 For a detailed account of these troublous times, see Ewing and Slep's " History of Altoona," pp. 70-90. vened in Altoona. On the former occasion a detach ment of the Grand Commandery received Gen. Grant, who visited the city at that time. The twelfth annual session of the Central Pennsyl vania Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church was held at the opera-house, commencing March 10, 1880, Bishop Peck presiding. A previous annual conference had been held in Altoona in March, 1874, of which Bishop Scott, of Delaware, was the presid ing officer. , The State Medical Society assembled here in June, 1865, and again on May 19, 1880! On the next day (May 20, 1880) the State Prohibition Convention met in Altoona. Nine days later, " Decoration Day" was observed by the largest procession, and the most ex tended and solemn services, which have yet marked this anniversary in Altoona. August 17th, the Penn sylvania State Equal Rights League convened at the opera-house. Since the centennial year no special demonstration was made in the observance of the anniversary of American independence until July 5, 1880, when oc curred a firemen's celebration and fireworks. The anniversary this year (1881) was a sad one in Al toona, as all over the nation, President Garfield having been stricken down by an assassin only two days before ; and the largest gathering which ever assembled in this city, in the evening, was on the night of Sept. 23, 1881, awaiting the funeral-train bearing the dead body of the martyred president, which passed through the city about 1 o'clock a.m. of the 24th, ere route to Cleveland. Fire Department. — The question of protection from the all-devouring element, fire, is one that early engages the attention of every town. Altoona has been no exception to this univeral interest, for the borough authorities as early as 1854 took the matter into consideration.'2 Subsequently the propriety of purchasing an engine was broached, bnt nothing defi nite was accomplished until April, 1859, when a fire company was organized. The prime movers iu this were A. H. Maxwell, Alex. A. Smyth, and A. C. Vau- clain. A subscription was circulated, and with the money raised a hand-engine was purchased of the "Good Will Fire Company," of Philadelphia, and the organization here adopted the same name. The engine arrived in Altoona Oct. 22, 1859. At this time there was no water supply for the place. Two months later water was introduced into the borough, and the people felt secure in their possession of a fire-engine, water to supply it, and a company to man it. On the eventful day that water and gas were first introduced into Altoona (Dec. 15, 1859), celebrated by a grand parade, the Good Will made their first 1 At meeting of Council, Sept. 7, 1854, " on motion, the chief burgess was requested to call a town-meeting to take into consideration the pro priety of organizing a fire company, and securing the necessary supply of water." In 1858 the burgess was instructed to procure three sets of hooks and ladders for use of borough. 152 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. appearance in public, equipped in dark pants, white shirts, black belts, and glazed caps. The original members of this pioneer fire company were as follows : A. A. Smyth, A. H. Maxwell, J. L. Ickes, William W. Smith, J. K. Russell, C. R. Hos- tetter, A. Kipple, William Renor, F. Shillinger, J. Zink, C. R. McCrea, William H. Nicholas, John Dasher, John Eiahart, William Boyden, William Bartley, H. Oster, George Powell, James Maxwell, Joseph Noel, D. Travers. Some of the above are still members of the company. The first officers were C. R. Hostetter, president ; A. A. Smyth, vice-presi dent ; William W. Smith, secretary ; J. K. Russell, assistant secretary; Andrew Kipple, F. Shillinger, A. A. Smyth, W. W. Smith, and J. K. Russell, inves tigating committee ; A. Kipple, A. A. Smyth, J. K. Russell, A. H. Maxwell, C. R. McCrea, F. Shillinger, W. W. Smith, W. H. Nicholas, and William Bartley, the board of directors. A treasurer was subsequently chosen. The Good Will Fire Company was incorporated in May, 1867. In 1868 its old engine was replaced by a steamer. When this company was organized, the Pennsylvania Railroad Company erected a building on their land, corner of Ninth Avenue and Twelfth Street, for the occupancy of the Good Will until they could secure other quarters. Upon the removal of " No. 1" to another house, the railroad company oc cupied the building with one of their hose-carriages. The engine-house and hall of the Good Will Com pany is at the corner of Fifth Avenue and Thirteenth Street ; it was recently erected at a cost of about eight thousand dollars. The second company organized was the " Empire Hook-and-Ladder Company," Sept. 14, 1866. Its outfit of truck, hooks, ladders, etc., were purchased from the Empire Company of Lancaster, Pa. It was incorporated in April, 1867. In 1871-72 an engine- house was erected, at a cost of ten thousand five hun dred dollars, on Tenth Avenue, between Fourteenth and Fifteenth Streets. In 1867 the Borough Council created the offices of a chief and assistant engineers ; Alexander A. Smyth was chosen to the former, and A. H. Maxwell and B. F. Rose to the latter positions. During the same year the Pennsylvania Railroad Company ordered from the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company, of Manchester, N. H., a steamer, which arrived in Al toona June 4th, and was given in charge of W. A. Adams and A. Moss, members of the " Altoona Steam Fire-Engine Company." This steamer and a hose- carriage, kept in a building at the lower car-shops, are not connected with the city fire department. At the time the "Altoona" steamer arrived the borough possessed but one engine, and that was a hand-power one. The authorities felt that steam fire- engines were needed, and procured a legislative en actment authorizing a special tax for the purpose. The Council decided in 1868 to procure two Amoskeag steamers, one for each side of town. The Good Will Company was located on the east side, and would have one of the new engines, but it became necessary to organize a company on the east side to take charge of the other. Therefore a number of prominent young men, on March 26, 1868, formed themselves into a company, and took the name of " The Vigilant Steam Fire- Engine Company, No. 2." The steamers arrived, and on the 4th of July, 1868, were given in charge of the two companies named.1 In this year also the following persons were accepted by the Borough Council as members of the fire-police department: Charles C. Shannon, John P. Wolf, H. B. Miller, Theo. Peterson, L. P. Work, J. D. Hicks, Josiah W. Fries, David K. Reamey, James Lowther, E. P. Wil liams, H. Fettinger, George W. Patton, John N. Rickabaugh, George S. Lackey, Daniel Laughman, W. P. Patton, H. B. Williams, Thomas Elway, G. W. Kessler, John Lloyd, John M. Bowman, James S. Mann, J. W. Allen, Henry C. Dern, George S. Myers, John T. Patton, Timothy Brophy, R. A. O. Kerr, D. F. Beigle, S. I. Fries. In 1869 the " Excelsior Hose Company" was organ ized, and took the number 3 as a part of its distinc tive appellation. This company was reorganized in 1879. In 1880 they put up a building for their use on Tenth Street, between Chestnut and Lexington Avenues, at a cost of one thousand dollars. The chief engineers since the organization of the department have been as follows : 1867, Alexander A. Smyth; 1868, Alexander H. Maxwell; 1869, B. F. Rose; 1871, T. B. Patton; 1873, E. Mountney; 1875, T. B. Patton ; 1877, J. R. Garden ; 1879, B. F. Rose. The present fire department consists of five efficient companies, outfitted with three steamers, a hook-and- ladder apparatus, and several hose-carriages. One of the companies, the " Altoona," whose steamer is owned by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, does not belong to the city fire department, but cheerfully co-operates with it in the extinguishment of fires. The officers and members of the several companies, as now (1881) constituted, are as follows : The Good Will Steam - Engine and Hose Company, No. 1. — A. C. Vauclain, Sr., prest. ; J. T. Dougherty, vice-prest. ; John Malady, sec. ; James E. Gardner, asst. sec. ; John R. Garden, treas. ; William F. Enney, engineer. Active Members, George Bowman, J. Sapp, D. Lafferty, J. McCullough, F. Eudress, J. Carney, N. Crum, W. Alleman, A. Gamble, C. Filer, D. Shultzberger, J. Kelly, R. Lowther, W. L. Faisick, J. Kimmell, J. P. Faisick, W. Young, N. Kearns, Wil liam F. Enney, J. Leng, J. T. Pendergast, J. Ford, I. Price, C. C. Smith, C. E. Renner, J. E. Gardner, G. T. Plummer, W. McBride, M. Weakland, M. Fagan, T. i In 1870-71 was erected the Vigilant building, corner of Thirteenth Avenue and Twelfth Street, at a cost of over seven teen-thousand dollars, which, in connection with the city hall and offices, is the finest public structure in the place. CITY OF ALTOONA. 153 Riley, F. J. O'Kain, L. Wichum, Theodore Reis, J. Carney, C. W. Smith, W. Isett, R. McGraw, D. Don ahue, F. Hammers, B. Higgins, S. Renner, C. Corne lius, D. Robertson, W. Hudson, T. Tierney, H. Smith, F. Clabaugh, G. Treece, T. Patterson. Honorary Mem bers, A.H. Maxwell, A. C. Vauclain, Sr., W. A. Adams, W. Riches, J. A. Hindman, G. S. Debray, H. Bowers, A. C. Vauclain, Jr., D. Quay, A. A. Smyth, D. Mc Closkey, J. T. Dougherty, J. Bulger, D. Love, J. Gal- ceran, P. Logue, C. S. Cordes, A. R. Moss, A. H. O'Neil, F. Custer, J. Klink, T. Heacock, D. Stack- house, G. Klemmert, J. Malady, W. Rice, J. Bradley, H. Stackhouse, T. McKee, J. R. Garden, P. Drum- gold. The Empire Hook-and-Ladder Company, No. 1. — W. W. Smith, prest. ; James McMurray, vice- prest. ; Charles Gern, sec. ; C. Gardner, asst. sec. ; J. A. Weidensall, treas. Active Members, M. Alex ander, S. W. Arble, J. W. Anderson, J. H. Bur ley, E. Burley, A. Behm, R. Black, M. A. Con- drin, W. D. Couch, T. D. Crawford, P. Clare, H. Dougherty, A. Engle, J. Fraley, P. Flynn, J. Fultz, W. R. Gamble, C. E. Gardner, M. Gardner, H. Gardner, D. A. Gilland, J. J. Gehrdes, Charles Gern, George Houck, C. Houck, E. B. Haines, V. Hudson, Levi Knott, W. Knepper, H. McCormick, J. McMur ray, T. B. Patton, C. Petschelt, George Reeves, J. Baymond, J. Ramp, S. S. Stains, J. N. Stevens, W. W. Smith, W. Vaughn, J. A. Weidensall, M. Yeager. Life and Contributing Members, B. Berkowitz, C. L. Fettinger, S. M. Griffith, R. McMahan, L. B. Pan cake, W. J. Allen, H. C. Dern, S. I. Fries, A. F. Heess, J. Lutz, E. B. McCrum, L. Plack, C. Wahl, D. K. Reamey, W. Alexander, S. C. Baker, D. F. Bee gle, F. Blumhardt, H. Fettinger, Sr., S. Smith, E. M. Jones, G. Kessler, W. M. Lloyd, J. L. Reifsnyder, E. F. Lytle, John Loudon, R. A. O. Kerr, S. M. Woodcock, M. R. Jones, C. Yeager, S. Christ, W. Keller. The Vigilant Steam-Engine and Hose Com pany, No. 2.— Frank Molloy, prest. ; W. M. Rose, sec. ; B. W. Story, asst. sec. ; John Schenk, treas. ; E. Lippett, engineer; G. H. Maxwell, fireman. Actwe and Honorary Members, B. F. Rose, C. M. Hackett, C. S. Taylor, Samuel Black, H. C. Dern, G. T. Bell, E. Mountney, W. L. Hallack, G. M. Metz, Theodore Burchfield, W. M. Rose, F. Dumphy, H. Barr, W. H. Johnson, J. B. Gray, J. L. Ricka baugh, T. B. Story; J. Johnston, J. Adams, W. H. Bennett, A. H. Graham, J. Paisley, C. A. Szink, H. Beam, H. Ritter, W. Simpson, G. B. Bennett, D. Mc- Eldowney, W. C. Alexander, B. W. Story, J. E. Winn, W. Pimlott, E. Folk, C. Esterline, G. H. Max well, I. Ward, F. Copley, J. S. Smith, E. Lippett, J. W. Arnsberger, T. Winn, J. P. Montgomery, C. Kep hart, B. W. Coyle, F. Story, C. Herr, C. Adams, W. Davis,M. Zimmerman, J. Espenlaub,' A; Davis1, M. Vetter, S. W. Beegle, D. Condrin, W. Gundecker, W. H. Eynon, H. Butler, E. Cassiday, J. W. Leslie, G. P. Levan, C. Cassiday, Jacob Stier, C. Flinn, R. Stehle, H. Parsons, C. Rauch, R. L. McCartney, W. Ake, H. K. Story, G. W. Kelly, J. A. Smith, B. Ben nett, J. Hopkinson, P. Smith, H. Brogan, J. Stehle, J. Dixen, C. Ensbrenner, J. H. Schenk, L. R. Levan, G. F. Fresh, A. M. Stewart, M. McCartney, D. Kil- day, H. Kimmerling, L. Smith, J. Goldman, T. W. Jackson. Life Members, E. L. Taylor, Frederick Ramey, W. A. McCormick, G. Brunner, John F. Bowman, John Stehle, William Murray, Godfrey Wolf, G. W. Sparks, W. H. Durburrow, Adam Behm, C. C. Shannon, John M. Bowman, E. H. Williams, R. A. O. Kerr, Jacob Snyder, C. Behm, William Myers, Dr. J. T. Christy, W. Rodamore, James S. Mann, F. W. Olmes, Christ. Wall, L. P. Work, W. S. Bittner, M. Clabaugh, James Kearney, G. W. Kessler, S. C. Baker, D. K. Reamey, C. C. Mason, Hon. B. L. Hewitt, Hon. D. J. Morrell, A. S. Mor row, Hon. Samuel Calvin, D. Koch, Henry Elway, George Rosenberger, Right Rev. Bishop J. Tuigg, John A. Sprankle, John P. Levan, James H. Dysart, D. Laughman, John L. Ickes, G. L. Myers, D. J. Neff, George Dixon, P. Vetter, H. Fettinger, Sr., C. Guyer, Hon. John A. Lemon, William Kenrp, D. T. Caldwell, I. Farabaugh, John O'Neil, William H. Renner, Daniel Price, Jacob Rink, William Conroy, W. A. Adams, J. M. Stonebraker, Dr. Walter Bell, F. X. Endress, Samuel Smith, Stephen Bewley, E. Powell, J. V. Mazurie, D. P. Ray, Louis Plack, John H. Friedley, John Trout, J. Carland, G. W. Stewart, S. A. Christ, John A. Smith, J. E. Gintner, A. F. Heess, Joseph Watson, John Loudon, Frank Molloy, N. F. Mervine. The Excelsior Hose Company, No. 3 — Emmett P. Davis, prest. ; J. W. Elway, 1st vice-prest. ; G. M. Atkinson, 2d vice-prest. ; William O. Roush, treas. ; H. D. Alexander, sec. ; T. W. Alleman, asst. sec. Members, R. E. Stouffer, H. E. Ferguson, Joseph Watts, H. M. Ferguson, James McCormick, H. D. Alexander, H. M. Parker, William Heller, J. R. Runyeon, Emmett P. Davis, Will. J. Ferguson, Wil liam Roush, J. W. Elway, William Copley, Derbin Trout, Robert Goodwin, George Wigand, Clay Cherry, George Palmer, James Stitzel, Elmer Hackett, John Espenlaub, Jr., F. J. Stehle, J. B. Stahl, T. W. Alle man, G. M. Atkinson, George Leslie, Charles Klink, John L. Yeatts, L. B. Weisgarver, N. J. Ehringer, Thomas Clabaugh, Charles Loreman, James Miller, William Weisenberg, Charles Garrettson, George Inlew, George Fultz, Harry Smith, William Clark, George F. Krick, John Irvine, P. McDonough, Her man J. L. Piper. The Altoona (P. R. R.) Steam Fire-Engine Company. — Andrew Kipple, foreman ; G. F. Mc- Noldy, 1st asst. ; M. Valentine, 2d asst. ; M. D. Car- rolus, 3d asst.; J. D. Stouffer, sec; W. A. Adams, engineer ; Harry Geesey, fireman. Members, A. Kip ple, G. R. Waggoner, G. W. Sands, W. Shultzberger, J. Irwin, S. Bumgardner, L. K. Young, G. Filer, Cs 154 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Patterson, W. Ferguson, W. Irwin, Harry Geesey, M. B. Stouch, W. W. Green, C. C. Wilson, D. Miller, M. Fichtner, F. Richter, J. A. Walters, H. Swanger, C. W. Kerlin, C. Salsburg, G. Davis, M. D. Carrolus, G. C. Detrow, G. L. Adams, J. Ullery, E. Clegg, J. H. White, G. W. Blackburn, E. A. Grindle, A. E. Rick abaugh, R. W. Taylor, S. Groves, G. Carrolus, W. Green, C. Mellor, M. Valentine, I. Wyant, C. S. Nico demus, H. Rettburg, G. Slater, J. D. Stouffer, Christ. Gern, T. Blackburn, J. McNoldy, Jr., C. W. Smith, W. H. Shaw, H. Kriner, A. Cretin, M. Wilkins, S. Gaily, O. L. Forrister, M. H. Foose, G. B. Smith, D. S. Markey, W. B. Hershey, G. Tompkins, I. Kelly, L. Statler, J. Roberts, E. K. Hamilton, C. A. Weid- man, G. Moore, R. Woods, P. McGarvey, E. E. John son, L. W. Vaughn, J. Smithhammer, J. Foster, E. L. Price, H. Stover, W. Brinkman, C. L. Hiltner, W. Grindle, P. F. Barkdoll, E. N. Moore, J. Filer, J. Eagle, D. F. Mauk, J. L. Smelser, J. Wertsberger, C. Rath, C. Labe, J. Lantz, W. Moore, A. Pietsch, J. C. Palmer, C. W. Armstrong, J. R. Fraser, R. Wilson, C. H. Bragonier, A. C. Lytle, G. Rupert, E. S. Hall, T. P. Clegg, J. Foust, D. M. Keckler, R. A. Isenberg, L. G. Flemming, G. Curtis, G. F. McNoldy, W. A. Adams, N. F. Cunningham. Board op Fire Department. — The board of fire department consists of the following gentlemen : B. F. Rose (Vigilant), chief engineer ; Gust. Klem- mert (Good Will), assistant engineer, Eastern Dis trict; John B. Stahl (Excelsior), assistant engineer, Western District; Directors, A. C. Vauclain, Sr. (Good Will), George B. Bennett (Vigilant), W. R. Gamble (Empire), Elmer Hackett (Excelsior). Fires. — The most extensive conflagration which has occurred in Altoona was in 1869. About half-past seven o'clock on Thursday evening, April 15th, George Brunner's stable, situated on the alley between Emma and Virginia Streets, near Caroline, and in the rear of the Arcade buildings, was discovered to be on fire. The entire Arcade row, a large brick and six frame buildings, the Arcade stables, and those of Messrs. Wahl (late Masden), Jacob Weiss, and G. W. Patton were soon destroyed, and devouring Mr. Brunner's house, the flames swept through to Virginia Street, where they communicated with Nolan & Ford's tailor- shop and Olmes & Sink's market-house, located be tween Brunner's. and Caroline Street. The flames spread down Virginia Street from Brunner's dwelling and cigar-store to Jacob Weiss' dwelling and confec tionery-store (a frame building with a brick front), and thence to Dr. Christy's (originally J. B. Hile- man's) building, and occupied by Martin & Peterson as a grocery-store. Other buildings were considerably damaged. The fire was not quenched until one o'clock a.m. The heaviest loser was Bernard Kolly, who lost his hotel, hall, and brewery buildings. The Arcade buildings were owned by Mr. Elliott, of Phila delphia, and were occupied by Dr. H. B. Miller, Joseph Berkowitz, N. Goldman, Mrs. Rochester, Dr. J. D. W. Henderson, Mr. Holsworth, and Bernard Whissel, the latter occupying the brick building as a hotel. Sixteen houses and six stables were consumed, with a loss of from sixty thousand dollars to seventy thousand dollars, while eighteen families were ren dered homeless. Water and Gas Departments. — The matter of a water supply early engaged the attention of the citi zens of Altoona. In 1855 the State Legislature, by an act approved May 2d, granted the borough au thorities certain privileges and powers to enable them to supply the place with water. By a resolution of Council, March 8, 1859, the Legislature was asked to transfer the authority conveyed by the act and vest it in the " Altoona Gas and Water Company," a joint- stock association, " which," says the resolution, " a number of the citizens of Altoona now propose to form," and " we, the Council and chief burgess of Altoona, deem it inexpedient in our corporate capacity to make the expenditure necessary to comply with said act." The company above referred to was incor porated April 9, 1859. Its first officers were W. H. Wilson, president; William M. Lloyd, treasurer; B. F. Rose, secretary ; John Shoemaker, Enos M. Jones, Charles J. Mann, Rev. A. B. Clarke, and George B. Cramer, managers ; and Thomas S. Francis, superintendent. May 9, 1871, the name was changed to "Altoona Gas Company," and Sept. 10, 1872, the water-pipes were sold to the city authorities. The reservoirs at Pottsgrove, with the company's interest in the water-power at Pottsgrove mill, and in the main from thence to the Twelfth Street reservoir, were sold to the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. In 1858 the right of way was granted to the Pennsyl vania Railroad Company to lay water-pipes in any of the streets or alleys of the borough, and the same year an act of the Legislature was procured authoriz ing the Council to contract with the railroad company for their surplus water, which act was subsequently amended, granting authority to issue bonds for that purpose. In the fall of 1859 the Council located water-plugs at the following places : Figart's corner, Methodist Church, Kipple's, McDowell's, Cunningham's, West Ward school-house, corner of Kate and Virginia, Welsh's corner, Warfel's, Conrad's, Beck's, Camp bell's, Brethren Church, etc. The public was for a time supplied by the " Gas and Water Company," from the water introduced into the city by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, but it was soon found to be insufficient for both, and in the summer season hardly adequate to the wants of the railroad-shops. Therefore the City Council se lected Kittanning and Burgoon Runs, about four miles west of the city, as a source of public supply. At Kittanning Point is a dam, from whence a twelve- inch main runs to a reservoir on Prospect Hill, which has a capacity of over three million gallons. This improvement cost over two hundred thousand dol- CITY OF ALTOONA. 155 lars, and nearly as much more was expended in putting in sewers, in macadamizing streets, etc. Still the water supply is inadequate to meet the present wants of the city ; for two or three years past there has been a great scarcity of the needful element, and although water-pipes have been laid nearly all over the city, the still-needed want of more reservoirs to store sufficient water to tide over an extended drought has only the present year (1881) engaged the active efforts of the authorities. It is proposed to build an other reservoir on Gospel Hill, and to increase the size of the main pipes.1 The gas company, as before mentioned, was in corporated in 1859, as the " Gas and Water Company of Altoona." Gas was first introduced into the pipes December 15th of that year. Having sold their water property in part to the city, and the remainder to the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, the name was, on May 9, 1871, changed to "Altoona Gas Company," which it still retains. The capacity of the gas-works when first started was thirty thousand feet per day ; present capacity, one hundred and fifty thousand feet per day. The first price of gas was three dollars per thousand feet, and ten per cent, added when not paid in ten days after presentation of bills ; present price, two dollars per thousand feet. Improvements have recently been made. An ad dition of fifteen feet has been made to the purifying room. The present purifiers, six by eight feet, will be replaced by a new set ten by fourteen feet, and with three times the power of the old ones. The eastern side of the city, especially beyond Sixth Avenue, has often been poorly lighted when the shops were running. This was not caused by inferior gas, but by the light pressure. That part of the city was supplied by a four-inch main, from which the shops also tapped. In order to remedy it there was laid a six-inch main across Twelfth Street, and since that time no complaint has been made. The average consumption of gas per day in summer time is fifty thousand feet, five tons of coal being re quired to make it. The coal produces from four and one-half to five cubic feet of gas for every pound used. During the summer and winter the supply varies greatly. One month the amount of gas used was over three million three hundred thousand feet, but this fluctuates and depends largely on the work of the company's shops. There is now in use a plan by which all the gas tar, or the greater part of it, is burnt, and used in place of coke under the gas retorts. It makes an intensely hot fire, and thrown into the furnace in a small stream answers very satisfactorily. By this means nearly all the coke remains for sale, and finds a ready market among city consumers. 1 Many futile efforts have been made to obtain a local supply by wells. The Pennsylvania Railroad Company sank an artesian well two thou sand and nine feet without finding water. At the election of officers, May 2, 1880, the follow ing were chosen : President, J. B. Collin ; Secretary, W. S. Humes; Treasurer, W. D. Couch; Superin tendent and Engineer, T. W. Cole ; Assistant Engi neer, D. T. Kantner; Managers, W. H. Wilson, Enoch Lewis, H. C. Dern, Clement Jaggard, and George W. Patton. The works are located on Eleventh Avenue, near Ninth Street. The Post-Office. — An examination of the old rec ords at the Post-Office Department, Washington, D. C.,a reveals the fact that the original name of this post-office was " Collinsville." It was established Nov. 11, 1817, and Robert McNamara appointed post master the same day. The office at that time was in Huntingdon County. Mr. McNamara's successors were David Y. Hileman, appointed Aug. 3, 1830 ; Robert McNamara, Oct. 3, 1830 ; Esther Denlenger, M»Tch 18, 1834 ; Michael Hileman, April 25, 1835 ; Robert H. McCormick, March 21, 1845; Benjamin Figart, March 24, 1846 ; Jacob Boozel, Dec. 21, 1848. Nov. 1, 1850, the name of the office was changed to " Altoona," and the successive incumbents have been as follows, viz. : George C. Ferree, appointed Nov. 1, 1850; Thomas Elway, June 29, 1852; Henry A. Sel lers, May 21, 1853 ; John Shoemaker, Sept. 20, 1856. The office became Presidential on the 7th of Jan uary, 1861, and on that date John Shoemaker was reappointed by the President and Senate. George W. Patton, appointed May 6, 1861 ; 3 Frank B. Stewart, April 5, 1869 ;4 Theodore B. Patton, Feb. 8, 1877. The last-named gentleman was reappointed Jan. 28, 1881, and is the present incumbent. By the above it will be seen that Michael Hileman, who served for ten years (1835 to 1845), held the office for the longest period after Robert McNamara, who was not only the pioneer but a veteran in the service, having handled the mails for sixteen years. Banking-Houses. — The first establishment to con duct a banking business in Altoona was the firm of Messrs. Bell, Johnston, Jack & Co., of which Wil liam M. Lloyd was a member. About 1857-58 the first three named retired, and the firm-name was changed to that of William M. Lloyd & Co. It con tinued to do a large business until overtaken by the panic of 1873, and subsequently closed and wound up its affairs. During the existence of the above-mentioned bank the three existing banks of the city were established, the First National in 1864, the Mechanics' Savings in 1870, and the Altoona Bank in 1872, each of which do a fair business, and are in a healthy financial con-^ dition. The First National Bank of Altoona was or- 2 Through the kindness and favor of the first assistant postmaster- general. 8 Confirmed by the President and Senate July 16, 1861 ; reappointed by the same July 26, 1866. « Reappointed by the President and Senate March 17, 1873. 156 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. ganized in 1864. Its capital is one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, and it has a surplus found of thirty- one thousand five hundred dollars. The officers are A. M. Lloyd, president; John Lloyd, cashier; H. C. McCord, book-keeper ; W. M. Lloyd, John F. Bow man, Henry Cryder, clerks ; A. M. Lloyd, John Reilly, John F. Bowman, Max Kinkead, David McK. Lloyd, W. M. Lloyd, Jr., and John Lloyd, directors. The banking-house stands at the corner of Eleventh Avenue and Twelfth Street. The Mechanics' Savings-Bank was opened for business Nov. 1, 1870. It was never chartered. Its location is on the corner of Eighth Avenue and Twelfth Street. Its officers are Maxwell Kinkead, president, and E. K. Baldridge, cashier, the latter having succeeded W. M. Lloyd, Jr. The Altoona Bank was organized in July, 1872, with a capital of one hundred thousand dollars, which is its present financial basis. Its officers at organiza tion were E. B. Isett, president; R. P. Morrow, cashier; and the board of directors was composed of the following-named gentlemen : Martin Bell, John B. Westley, William Murray, Matthew Mor row, and Samuel Wigton. Upon the death of R. P. Morrow, in 1873, Theo. H. Wigton was appointed cashier, and is the present incumbent. E. B. Isett has served as the president of this bank ever since its organization. All of the original directors (save Martin Bell, since deceased) still sustain the same relation, to which management was more recently added G. L. Myers and William M. Findlay. The bank was established in a building on Eleventh Avenue, above Confer's store, and was there located until the erection, in 1875, of the substantial build ing which it at present occupies. The Altoona Bank was established as a private bank, and has ever been conducted as such with gratifying success. It is unincorporated, the stockholders being individually liable. About the year 1836, Christopher Wigton (who served as captain in the campaign of 1812-14) re moved from his old Chester County home to Hun tingdon Couuty, and located at the old Mattern Forge, which he had purchased, and which he thenceforward operated until advancing age forbade further active pursuits. He thereupon transferred his business to his sons, Samuel and R. B. Wigton, and retired to. his farm hard by. Mr. Wigton was high in popular esteem, albeit he lost some ground at one time through his ardent advocacy of the doctrine of slavery aboli tion when the Abolition party first came to the sur face in Huntingdon County. That diversion of senti ment was, however, of but brief duration, and to the day of his death he enjoyed the warm regard of the people among whom he had lived. Samuel Wigton, above mentioned, became well known the country over as an iron-master of energy and enterprise. He was the father of Theodore H. Wigton, the present cashier of the Altoona Bank, who was born at Wigton's Forge, Franklin township, Huntingdon Co., May 16, 1844. Young Theodore gained his education first in the home district school, and later at the Tuscarora Academy, under Dr. J. H. Shumaker, now of Chambersburg, although pre vious to studying with Dr. Shumaker he clerked a year in the store of his uncle, R. B. Wigton, at Broad Top City. In 1864 he left school and re-entered his uncle's employ as clerk at the Cunard Mines, but in a little while resigned his place to enter the military service, enlisting in the Nineteenth Regiment Penn sylvania Cavalry for a one year's campaign. He was on detached service during the term of his enlist ment, and penetrated the entire Southwest, while he went as far southward as New Orleans and Mobile. Discharged at the close of the war, he passed the summer of 1865 upon his father's farm, and in the spring of 1866 went to Ohio as book-keeper for the Vinton Furnace and Coal Company, at Vinton, in Vinton County, near Chillicothe. In the spring of 1867 he was appointed assistant manager at the com pany's works, and acceptably filled that place until the spring of 1872, when he decided to return to Pennsylvania. He made Altoona his home, and busied himself at once with others in organizing the Altoona Bank, which began to do business in July, 1872. Mr. Wigton was one of the original directors, and was appointed assistant cashier. He was prac tically the cashier from the outset, since Robert P. Morrow, the incumbent, was unable by reason of ill health to attend to business. The latter died in 1873, and Mr. Wigton being thereupon appointed cashier has retained that position ever since. His connection with banking and thorough knowl edge of the details of financiering have occasioned his frequent selection as executor in the administra tion of large estates, and similarly he has been chosen to be the treasurer of many corporations. He was one of the projectors and original stockholders of the City Railway, and served as its treasurer. He founded the Altoona and Allegheny Railway, in which he has been a director from the beginning; has been treasurer of the Altoona School Board since 1876 ; was one of the projectors of the Oak Ridge Cemetery Association, and is now the treasurer ; was one of the originators of the Altoona Light Company, and is now treasurer thereof, as well as treasurer of the Altoona Heat Company, of which he was one of the incorporators. He has been a member of the Presbyterian Church since 1863, and is at present deacon and trustee of the Second Presbyterian Church of Altoona. He is a Past Master Mason by service, has been connected with the order since 1866, is now a member of Mountain Lodge, No. 281, the chapter and the commandery, and of the Masonic Aid Society of Altoona is a charter member. Jan. 15, 1868, Mr. Wigton married Mary, daughter of William Bayley, of Rock Spring, Centre Co., Pa. manufacturing. — Isaac Cromer carried on the CITY OF ALTOONA. 157 cabinet-making business here, at the corner of Vir ginia and Loudon Streets, for many years until 1869, when he sold out to E. B. Tipton. John D. Spielman in 1867 erected a shop and office on Main Street, " opposite the new round-house," as his advertisement stated, where he carried on the manufacture of chairs. Among the more prominent of the later established manufactories are the following : Altoona Car -Works. — In 1868 shops were erected on the site now occupied by the Altoona Car- Works by the " Altoona Manufacturing Com pany." A fire which occurred on May 23, 1879, de stroyed the buildings. Recently new and better structures were reared, filled with improved machin ery and such other appliances as enable the new management to execute better work, more promptly, and at lower prices. The principal industry, as the title of the establishment indicates, is the manufac ture of railroad cars; coal-pit wagons, castings of every description, and general machine-work occupy a large share of the attention of the company. The works are located at the extreme limits of the south western portion of the city. The following gentlemen compose the board of officers : S. C. Baker, president ; S. H. Smith, treas urer and secretary; M. A. Green, superintendent; C. Campbell, John Reily, S. C. Baker, S. H. Smith, and M. A. Green, stockholders. The Altoona Iron Company was formed in 1872 for the purpose of manufacturing merchant iron, and was chartered July 10, 1873. The con struction of the rolling-mill was commenced July 24, 1872, and it was put in operation April 16, 1873, with a capacity of three thousand tons manufacturing iron annually. Since 1874 extensive improvements have been made, and it has now a capacity of ten thousand tons manufacturing iron per annum. The officers are S. C. Baker, president ; W. M. Wheatley, secre tary and treasurer; S. C. Baker, James Gardner, Bobert Smiley, John P. Dean, D. K. Reamey, and John Fullerton, directors. The Altoona Planing-Mill Company (Lim ited) was established March 1, 1882. The company consists of A. Dively, chairman; John McNevin, secretary and treasurer; John Flannigan, general manager, and Frank Malloy. The mill is located at the corner of Green Avenue and Eighth Street. The company employs forty hands, and the machinery of the mill is driven by an engine of thirty-five horse power. The business is mainly the manufacture of building materials, and the capacity of the mill is about three million feet of lumber annually. Altoona Hardware and Lumber Company (Limited).— The planing-mill of this company was established in 1879, on Margaret Avenue between Seventeenth and Eighteenth Streets. Doors, sash, blinds, and all kinds of building lumber are manu factured at this mill. The material made here is sold not only in Altoona, but along the line of the Pennsylvania Railroad from Allegheny City west to Huntingdon east, and in the neighboring counties north and south. Between four and five million feet of lumber are annually worked up in this mill. Fifty men are em ployed, and the machinery is driven by an engine of one hundred horse-power. The Excelsior Planing-Mill was erected in 1869, on Ninth Avenue, between Eleventh and Twelfth Streets. John S. Booth and Martin H. Mackey, the present owners, have conducted the es tablishment since 1876, adding new machinery, and making other improvements from time to time. Their various buildings have a frontage of some one hundred and fifty feet. The City Planing-Mill, located in the south western part of the city, was erected in 1873 by a joint-stock company, who gave it the title of "People's Planing-Mill." The officers were John Geesey, presi dent; J. W. Martin, superintendent and treasurer. These, with James Clabaugh, Frederick Hesser, and Louis Plack, constituted the board of directors. The land, buildings, machinery, etc., cost about thirty thousand dollars. The company operated for three or four years with great financial embarrassment, when it was sold to William' Stoke for eleven thou sand seven hundred dollars. The buildings, etc., cover two acres of ground, and the mill is operated by William Stoke & Co. Mountain City Star Mill, corner of Eighth Avenue and Sixteenth Street, is a large and substan tial structure, fitted with the most approved ma chinery, C. Hauser & Son, proprietors. C. Hauser, Sr., is an old resident, and one of Altoona's oldest business men. Besides the above there are the brick-works of J. R. Vaughn, the Altoona Fire-Clay Works, of which S. C. Baker is president, the limekilns of J. A. Canan & Co., some half-dozen breweries, two or more marble and monumental works, several carriage manufac tories, a steam dye-works, etc. Prominently connected with the business interests of Altoona is Louis Plack, son of George Plack, who was born in Germany, April 22, 1829. His father died when he was a little boy, leaving his mother with two small children — Louis and a younger brother — in moderate circumstances. Louis attended public school until he was fourteen years old, when he was apprenticed to a baker, serving two years, after which he worked as journeyman until he was twenty years of age. In the spring of 1849 he came to America, landing in New York, and at once began working at his trade. After spending a year in the city he removed to Con necticut, remaining there until 1852, when he went to Hollidaysburg, Pa., and engaged in the confectionery business in connection with a bakery, in company with George Plack, a relative. In the summer of the same 158 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. year he came to Altoona, and began again the bakery and grocery business. In 1853, Mr. Plack married Miss Elizabeth Wehn. To them have been born ten children, eight of whom are now living. He erected a tannery in Altoona in 1862. The next year the grocery-store was destroyed by fire. In 1863 he built a planing-mill and a steam saw-mill. He commenced the mercantile business in 1871. He sold out the store in 1882, but continues in the planing and lumber business, and is also en gaged extensively in the real estate business, coal lands, etc. Mr. Plack has given his children (five sons and three daughters) the best educational advan tages. His eldest son is an architect, and at present re siding in Des Moines, Iowa ; their elegant residence, a view of which appears in this volume, was erected by him. His second son is a Congregationalist min ister in Brooklyn, N. Y. Mr. Plack is a gentleman of high standing, and is the architect of his own for tune. Societies and Associations. — In a community which sustains sixteen or more newspapers and as many churches, we may naturally expect to find nu merous moral and beneficial associations, in fact, all the secret and benevolent societies usual in a me tropolis. There are nine building and loan associa tions, the first of which (the Franklin) was organized in 1873, and the youngest (the Equitable) chartered during the year 1881. In the intervening seven years the Logan (1877), the Keystone and Enterprise 1878), Washington and Altoona (1879), the Allegheny and Mechanics' (1880) were incorporated. Masonry is represented here by five organizations, — two blue lodges, a chapter, council, and commandery. The Independent Order of Odd-Fellows embraces three lodges, an encampment, and three degree lodges of the Daughters of Rebekah. Two tribes (the Tam many and Winnebago) of Red Men, two lodges (Lo gan and White Cross) of the Knights of Pythias, two circles (Bethany and Rising Sun) of the Brotherhood of the Union of Pennsylvania (H. F.), two councils of United American Mechanics, one being Juniors, a lodge of the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith, an association of the Independent Order of Philoza- theans, and some temperance societies embrace the principal secret societies. Besides the above, there are two Christian Associa tions, the Mechanics' Library and Reading-Room Association, the Railroad Men's Reading-Room, St. John's Literary and Benevolent Association, the Em erald Beneficial Association, the Freight-Shop Aid Association, the Silver Gray Club, two singing soci eties, and five bands. Concerning some of the above organizations, through the kindness and courtesy of their secre taries, we are enabled to present additional facts. Mountain Chapter, No. 189, R. A. M., was insti tuted Sept. 25, 1858, with the following officers : Ed mund H. Turner, M. E. H. P. ; Archibald H. Maxwell, K. ; David Courter, S. ; George W. Patton, Treas. ; John Shomaker, Sec; Andrew C. Vauclain, C. of H. • Louis C. Brastow, R. A. C. ; John McConnell, P. S. J. • Rev. Robert W. Oliver, Chap. ; Charles J. Mann S. M. of C. ; J. J. Weitzel, Purs.; Henry L. Smith^ Tyler. The charter members were Rev. R. W. Oliver C. Forward Sargent, J. J. Weitzel, Louis C. Brastow John Shomaker, John McConnell, Andrew C. Vau clain, Edmund H. Turner, George B. Cramer, A. H. Mawell, J. J. Crane, H. L. Smith, R. Rodgers, Joshua L. Reifsneider, L. Ale, George W. Patton, J. N. Dewers. The following is a record of those who have served as High Priest : Edmund H. Turner, 1858-61 ; A. H. Maxwell, 1861; Andrew C. Vauclain, 1862; Charles J. Mann, 1863; William Boyden, 1864; William R. Findley, M.D., 1865; R. A. 0. Kerr, 1866-67; Joshua L. Reifsneider, 1868; Benjamin F. Custer, 1869 ; Henry W. Snyder, 1870-71 ; Joseph B. Dow ning, 1872 ; John R. Fraser, 1873 ; Herman L. Delo, 1874; Rev. R. M. Wallace, D.D., 1875; William Stiner, 1876 ; S. A. Benner, 1877 ; Robert A. Clarke, 1878 ; William S. Lingenfelter, 1879 ; John R. Bring- aman, 1880 ; John M. Prissell, 1881. The successive treasurers have been George W. Patton, 1858 ; John Shomaker, 1859-60 ; Robert Pit cairn, 1861 ; R. A. O. Kerr, 1862 ; Louis C. Bras tow, 1863 ; A. H. Maxwell, 1864-80 ; William Stiner, 1880-81. The list of secretaries presents the following names : John Shomaker, 1858 ; A.C. Clabaugh, 1859-62; Wil liam Bayden, 1863; Charles J. Mann, 1864-68; Her man L. Delo, 1868-69 ; Timothy Davis, 1869-82. The stated meetings are held on the first Thursday of each month. Present membership, seventy-five. Mountain Council, No. 9, R. S. E. and S. M., was instituted at Altoona Dec. 15, 1857. The first officers were as follows : Edmund H. Turner, T. I. G. M. ; John McConnell, D. I. G. M.; A. H. Maxwell, P. C. of N.; John Shomaker, Treas.; R. A. O. Kerr, Rec; R. Rodgers, C. of G.; George B. Cramer, Marshal ; L. L. Smith, Sec The succeeding officers were T. I. G. Masters, William R. Findley, M.D., Charles J. Mann, R. A. O. Kerr, A. H. Maxwell, J. R. Fraser, Joshua L. Reifsneider; Recorders, William Boyden, H. C. Dern, John S. Bechtel, John Hurd, and Timothy Davis. Membership, thirty. Stated meetings, sec ond Thursday of each month. Mountain Commandery, No. 10, K. T., stationed at Altoona, was organized on the 20th day of Septem ber, 1855. The first officers were Rev. A. B. Clark, E. Com. ; H. A. Sellers, Gen. ; George W. Patton, C. Gen. ; Rev. Henry Baker, Prelate ; John A. Wright, Treas. ; A. F. McKinney, Rec. ; Herman J. Lombart, Sw. B.; George B. Cramer, W. ; J. L. Reifsneider, S. The following Sir Knights have served as Eminent Commanders : Rev. A. B. Clark, John A. Wright, C. CITY OF ALTOONA. 159 Forward Sargent, Edm. H. Turner, A. H. Maxwell, John P. Levan, Robert Pitcairn, Charles J. Mann, R. A. 0. Kerr, W. R. Findley, M.D., J. L. Reifsnei der, E. B. McCrum, William Boyden, John S. Bechtel, Benjamin F. Irving, John R. Fraser, John Hurd, T. Blair Patton, C. E. Hoover, William Stiner, N. P. Ramsey, James P. Stewart. John A. Wright, Edm. H. Turner, and Robert Pit cairn filled the office of Grand Commander of the Grand Commandery of Pennsylvania, and R. A. 0. Kerr that of grand treasurer. The present officers (1881-82) are John M. Pres- sell, E. C. ; George A. Dobyne, Gen. ; William S. Lingenfelter, C. G. ; William Stiner, Treas. ; Tim othy Davis, Rec. Stated conclaves *are held on the fourth Tuesday of each month. Members upon the rolls, two hundred and eight. Mountain City Lodge, No. 837, I. 0. 0. F., was instituted April 22, 1874. The charter members were as follows: D. S. Markey, H. V. Carls, W. A. Sinister, John S. Elway, C. E. Applebaugh, Edward Murphy, R. F. Bankert, H. W. Stouffer, Martin Lewis, Joseph Carl, N. W. Green, W. T. Daugherty, C. S. Nicodemus, 0. F. Reigle. The successive Noble Grands have been D. S. Markey, H. V. Carls, H. W. Stouffer, Joseph Carls, W. A. Shuster, A. H. Mallery, R. F. Bankert, C. N. Pimlott, George F. Marsh, A. C. Lyttle, C. S. Hark ness, S. P. Clegg, E. P. Scotten, John L. Williams, C. E. Applebaugh. The following have served as secretaries of the lodge: C. E. Applebaugh, John L. Williams, A. C. Lyttle. The present officers are : N. G., John L. Williams ; V. G., W. H. Truman ; Sec, A. C. Lyttle ; Treas., Edward Murphy ; Representative, C. N. Pimlott. Degree op Rebekah, I. O. 0. F.— This degree was instituted by Schuyler Colfax in 1851. It was at first an honorary degree, to which the wives of Odd- Fellows of the fifth degree were entitled, but in 1868 lodges of this degree were instituted, and the daughters of Odd-Fellows were made eligible to membership. In Altoona three of these lodges have been instituted. Eleanor Lodge, No. 21, was organized Dec. 29, 1869, with a membership of fifty-five, and John B. Householder, N. G. ; J. L. Sholenbarger, V. G. ; W. W. Smith, Sec. ; J. L. Shaffer, Asst. Sec. ; and S. J. Fries, Treas. The present officers are D. L. Peightel, N. G. ; Mary J. Ferguson, V. G. ; J. L. Shaffer, Sec. ; Alice Raightel, Asst. Sec ; and Joseph W. Garaher, Treas. Amelia Lodge, No. 76, was instituted in 1871, with forty members, and William Alloway, N. G. ; Thomas Miller, V. G.; W. J. D. Gralsoon, Sec; Mrs. Lantz, Asst. Sec. ; and John W. Smith, Treas. The present officers are John Lantz, N. G. ; Mrs. W. Daugherty, V. G. ; David Counsman, Sec ; Mrs. L. Kitchen, Asst. Sec. ; and Mrs. John Lantz, Treas. Endora Lodge, No. 87, was instituted in April, 1875, with a membership of sixty-five, and D. S. Markey, N. G. ; W. J. Shuster, V. G.; John Dietrick, Sec ; Charles Harkness, Asst. Sec. ; and Ed. Murphy, Treas. The present officers are Mrs. John Williams, N. G. ; Mrs. John Dietrick, V. G. ; Charles Harkness, Sec. ; Frank Eckert, Asst. Sec. ; and W. Marshall, Treas. Moses Montefiore Lodge, No. 308, of the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith, was organ ized Nov. 17, 1878, with the following charter mem bers : Joseph Berkowitz, Julius Blumenthal, Max Mayer, Simon Lyon, Moses Wolf, Alexander Schee- line, Leopold Stargardter, Solomon Bendheim, David Simon, Solomon Blumenthal, Charles Simon, Simon B. Corn, Simon Rogger, Fisher Lewine, Simon Neu- wahl, Jeremiah H. Goldman, Harry Stutzky, Joseph Silberman, Isaac Goldstine, Abraham Yadcuasky, Abraham Wayne, Israel Wayne. The first officers were Moses Wolf, President; Alexander Scheeline, Vice-President; Leopold Star gardter, Sec. ; Charles Simon, Asst. Sec ; Joseph Berkowitz, Treas. ; Solomon Bendheim, Warden ; J. H. Goldman, Guardian; F. Lewine, Lecturer; Max. Mayer, Monitor; S. Lyon, Julius Blumenthal, and S. B. Corn, Trustees. The present officers are Solomon Bendheim, Presi dent; Max. Mayer, Vice-President; M. Wolf, Sec; Alexander Sheeline, Asst. Sec. ; David Simon, Treas. ; Simon Rogger, Warden ; H. Stutzky, Guardian ; Alex ander Scheeline, S. Lyon, S. Rogger, Trustees. The lodge meets on the first and third Sunday evenings of each month in the second story of the Masonic building. Verandah Lodge, No. 532, I. O. 0. F.— This lodge was instituted Feb. 21, 1857, by John R. Mc Farlane, of 119, District Deputy Grand Master for the District of Blair County, the District Deputy Grand Master acting as Grand Master; Deputy Grand Master, Past Grand F. B. Hopkins, of Lodge 119 ; Grand Marshal, Past Grand Charles R. McCrea, of 119; Grand Secretary, Past Grand Harry Sellers, of 532 ; Grand Treasurer, George B. Bowers, of 119. The following named brothers were installed as the officers of the lodge : Noble Grand, Brother Henry F. Spering; Vice Grand, Lemuel Ale; Secretary, Past Grand Harry Sellers; Assistant Secretary, Richard J. Hughes ; as Treasurer, Archy H. Max well. The lodge elected and initiated ten members on the same evening. Present membership, one hundred and twenty-eight. Altoona Encampment, No. 129, was organized Nov. 14, 1859, with Charles R. McCrea, C. P. ; A. C. Vanclain, H. P. ; Abraham Louden, S. W. ; George Levan, J. W. ; Paul Rider, S.; Peter Miller, Sr., Treas. ; and Joseph W. Gardner, G. The succession of presiding officers has been : A. C. Vanclain, A. Louden, George Levan, Peter Miller, Joseph W. Gardner, John B. Eirhart, A. Bowers, Samuel T. 160 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Freise, Thomas Duke, D. S. Markey, William Guyer, D. A. Gilland, Joseph L. Shaffer, R. F. Bankert, J. D. Smith, C. B. Fields, Joel Tompkins, A. W. Bair, Jacob F. Smith, William T. Ferguson, George W. Perkins, Charles N. Pimlott, James A. McCune, William Mussleman, William H. Tompkins, D. S. Lingenfelter, William J. D. Graham, and M. S. Carothers. The present number of members is one hundred and sixteen. The present officers are William A. Foultz, C. P. ; Joel Tompkins, H. P. ; David Couns- man, S. W. ; J. J. Neffsker, J. W. ; E. F. Epler, S. ; John H. Eirhart, Treas. ; D. R. P. Johnston, Thomas C. Kitchen, and William H. Truman, Trustees. Altoona Lodge, No. 473, 1. 0. 0. F., wa3 instituted, under a warrant or dispensation granted by the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, Aug. 25, 1852. The first officers were Charles W. O'Donnel, N. G. ; John A. Laton, V. G. ; Joseph Morrow, Sec. ; John Harfel, Asst. Sec. ; and Henry A. Sellers, Treas. The Noble Grands of this lodge have been, in suc cession, Charles R. McCrea, Peter Miller, Sr., Wil liam B. Kelter, George Levan, John McClelland, James Lowther, A. Bowers, George W. Perkins, John H. Eirhart, John A. Laton, John Harfel, H. A. Sellers, John H. Tinker, J. M. Lantz, D. A. Gil land, Joseph L. Shaffer, Frederick Hesser, J. G. Shollenberger, William T. Miller, R. M. Lewis, Wil liam Guyer, W. G. Lingenfelter, James W. Gardner, D. R. P^ Johnston, C. B. Fields, William Gochenour, A. W. Bair, S. B. Miller, G. K. Glass, G. W. Haz zard, George W. Foust, J. J. Neffsker, Washington Lathers, E. F. Epler, D. L. Paightel, and Samuel T. Fries. The present officers are H. A. Hoffman, N. G. ; Jacob Lathers, V. G.; E. F. Epler, Sec; J. J. Neff sker, Asst. Sec. ; D. R. P. Johnston, Treas. ; and D. L. Paightel, S. B. Miller, and E. F. Epler, Trustees. Logan Lodge, No. 490, F. and A. M., was first held in Masonic Hall, Altoona, May 9, a.d. 1871, a.l. 5871. The following were the charter members : D. W. Al exander, Thomas W. Hurd, Joseph W. Story, T. J. Fries, John J. Alexander, William T. Cutlery, W. H. H. Fortz, John P. Frazier, Lloyd Simpson, John F. List, J. K. Roush, Thomas J. Fries, Dr. Rowan Clark, John Gwicht, Thomas W. Cole, I. P. Shimer, John Daily, John L. P. Detrich, W. J. Heinsling, Stephen Bewley, O. Bonnell, George W. Anderson. The first officers were D. Orr Alexander, W. M. ; Thomas W. Hurd, J. W. ; Joseph W. Story, S. W. ; Samuel J. Fries, Treas. ; John S. Alexander, Sec. The officers for 1872 were Thomas W. Hurd, W. M. ; John R. Frazer, S. W. ; Thomas W. Cole, J. W. ; 1873, John R. Frazer, W. M. ; Thomas W. Cole, S. W. ; Josiah W. Fries, J. W. ; 1874, Thomas W. Cole, W. M. ; J. W. Fries, S. W. ; T. Blair Patton, J. W. ; 1875, J. W. Fries, W. M. ; T. Blair Patton, S. W. ; James White, J. W. ; 1876, T. Blair Patton, W. M. ; James White, S. W. ; S. A. Renner, J. W. ; 1877, James White, W. M. ; Isaac P. Shimer, S. W. ; William P. Walker, J. W. ; 1878, Isaac P. Shimer, W. M. ; William P. Wal ker, S. W. ; George M. Strausser, J. W. ; 1879, Wil liam P. Walker, W. M. ; Philip McEldowny, S. W. ; John W. Cherry, J. W. ; 1880, T. W. Cole, W. M. j J. W. Cherry, S. W. ; W. D. Couch, J. W. The of ficers for 188i are J. W. Cherry, W. M. ; W. D. Couch, S. W. ; W. B. Miller, J. W. ; S. J. Fries, Treas. ; A.' H. Slayman, Sec. Mountain City Council, No. 198, 0. U. A. M., was organized March 22, 1869. The following named persons were applicants for the charter, and were charter members of the council: John Boyles, R. H. Graham,* E. W. Hazard, Charles P. Cline, William Marshall, Isaac R. Baer, G. M. D. San ders, P. J. Clark, Alfred G. Hamilton, J. P. War fel, A. S. Cherry, John Cherry, George Brubaker, Jacob Beats, John F. Graham, John C. McCloskey, W. H. Brown, William Stiner, Levi Knott, G. R. Everson, S. K. McCormick, William Stinger, John Headrick, William Miller, Adin A. Stevens, W. Scott Miller, J. A. Custer, Joseph Dey, William K. Hollin, G. A. Reeves, W. L. Elder, James J. Raugh, G. Simpson, Alfred Kuhn, H. Knapp, H. Painter, G. W. Stasser, and Jacob S. Zink. The first officers were as follows : C, William Sti- mer ; V. C, Adin A. Stevens ; R. S., R. H. Graham ; A. R. S., J. A. Custer ; F. S., J. C. McCloskey ; T., G. R. Everson ; Ex., J. J. Raugh ; I. P., Henry Knapp ; O. P., W. S. Miller. The officers for the present term (1881) are : C, H. Powell ; V. C, S. T. Wilson ; R. S., J. C. Boyles ; A. R. S., P. J. Clark; F. S., E. F. Epler; T., G. R. Everson; J., J. Fry; E., J. Cla baugh; I, P., C. K. Glass; O. P., N. G. Mason; Trustees, J. C. Boyles, H. Powell. The council meets on the first and third Tuesdays of each month, in hall first floor above the post- office. Gresson Council, No. 108, Junior Order of United American Mechanics, was organized Sept. 21, 1870, with forty-seven charter members. The presiding officers have been R. H. Runyand, R. H. Greenwood, George B. Hight, C. B. Labe, J. A. Parker, W. F. Howe, James Miles, J. Parsons, G. B. Hugh, W. D. Bumgardner, C. V. Staires, L. S. McGlathery, G. W. Cesney, Harry Garsons, B. F. Haldeman, R. W. Taylor, C. W. Kerlin, W. A. Sent- man, W. F. Ruggles, P. W. Miller, H. R. Marshall, C. W. Renner, Henry Kelly, C. I. Yon, Clinton Burkhart, B. D. Jackson, D. L. Graff, J. B. Smith, J. F. Gearhart, T. O. Rhodes, Blair Raffensparger, J. W. Womer, Samuel Groove, W. J. Metzgar, Jr., C. E..Gall, Z. D. Sutter. The present officers are : Councilor, S. P. Bolger ; Vice-Councilor, George A. Askew ; A. R. S., Chris. Markley; Conductor, Maxwell Davis; Warden, F. Widley; I. S., Hays Myers ; O. S., James Burket; Representatives to State Council, G. B. Hight, R. W. CITY OF ALTOONA. 161 Taylor, C. W. Kerlin. G. B. Hight is a Past State Councilor of Pennsylvania. Rising Sun Circle, B. U. (H. F.) of Pennsyl vania, No. 50. — This circle was instituted June 15, 1870, under a charter from the Supreme Circle, O. A. The charter members were William Stiner, E. W. ; John C. McCloskey, C. W. ; Allen Griest, C. J. ; George Anderson, C. F. ; John C. Boyles, H. S. K. ; John R. Williams, H. H. ; John Davis, W. of D. ; Jonathan Foreman, H. T. ; Edmund Murphy, H. R. ; and George Attic, W. of N. The circle first met in Shannon's Hall, corner of Fourteenth Street and Eleventh Avenue, but in 1879 removed to the present place of meeting, Masonic Hall, on Twelfth Streeth, between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues. The following have occupied the position of E. W. : John C. McCloskey, George N. Anderson, Edmund Murphy, John R. Williams, Allen Griest, John Davis, J. T. Kuhns, Simon Kline, Harry Dickie, J. A. Whitmer, J. A. Wilson, B. F. Brown, S. T. Wil son, E. B. Jacoby, F. M. Goodfellow, H. G. Douglass, W. H. Runyeon, C. Mellar, John Russell, George Winkler, W. C. Gardner, and E. W. Cavender. The present officers are J. D. Keys, E. W. ; W. T. Blackburn, C. W. ; J. J. Mauk, C. J. ; E. P. Sotten, C. F. ; John Russel, H. S. K. ; D. B. Jacoby, H. R. ; Edmund Murphy, H. T. ; W. H. Runyeon, H. H. ; Charles Mellar, W. W. ; and Jesse Powell, W. of M. The present membership is one hundred and fifty. Bethany Circle, No. 20, B. U. (H. F.) of Penn sylvania, was organized Feb. 21, 1879, with the fol lowing officers : William Fortenbaugh, C. W. ; R. Roberts, C. J.; W. Brinkman, C. F.; J. D. Mc- Mahon, H. S. K. ; C. Jenkins, H. R. ; J. S. Wittmer, H. T. ; A. D. Mentzer, W. D. ; William Baker, W. N. The position of C. W. has been occupied by Ward Brinkman, Charles W. Esterline, Harry Rettberg, Elias Goss, and A. D. Smith. The present officers are Samuel M. Esterline, C. W. ; J. B. Edmiston, C. J. ; J. Cashling, C. F. ; George Y. Thompson, H. S. K. ; George H. May, H. R. ; G. C. Righter, H. T. ; John W. Otts, H. H. ; James Leader, W. D. ; D. H. Benner, W. N. ; Asbury D. Smith, E. W. The circle works under a charter granted by the Grand Circle of Pennsylvania, of which W. A. Car son, of Philadelphia, is G. S. K. White Cross Lodge, No. 354, K. of P.— The primary organization of this lodge was effected March 28, 1872, by the election of the following officers: V. P., Thomas W. Cole ; W. C, Edmund Mountney : W. V. C, Harry J. Cornman ; W. G., W. J. D. Graham ; W. R. S., Jesse B. W. Ickes ; W. B., G. Thomas Bell; W. F. S., John T. Patton ; I. S., A. W. Greenwood; O. S., James Kay, who also constituted its charter members. The lodge was fully organized and chartered May 3, 1872, by Grand Chancellor James Mackintosh, of Philadelphia, and Grand Vice Chancellor James Baines, of Pittsburgh, by installing the above-named officers and initiating nine knights. The following is a list of successive presiding officers : Edmund Mountney, Harry J. Cornman, John H. Blumer", Samuel B. Houpt. These were known under the title of Worthy Chan cellors, but a change was made in the ritual by the Supreme Lodge, which went into effect in July term, 1873, changing the name of this officer to Chancellor Commander. Chancellor Commanders : C. M. Hackett, B. M. Crain, John R. Fields, W. S. Mills, John L. Ricka baugh, John D. Thompson, Edward McLean, F. B. Leff, Theodore Burchfield, James A. Kelley, Charles W. Smith, William H. Rickabaugh, W. H. Bennett, H. C. Bowers, James W. McKee, William H. Smith, S. H. Bowers, William Pimlott. List of present officers: J. P. C, S. H. Bowers; C. C, William Pimlott; V. C, James Bloomfield ; P., Charles R. Dowing ; M. at A., James Hedinger ; K. of R. and S., Jesse B. W. Ickes; M. of E., W. J. D. Graham; M. of F., M. H. Keller; I. G., George Maxwell; 0. G., George Landis; Rep. to Grand Lodge, Jesse B. W. Ickes. Number of members, one hundred and thirty. The first name chosen for the lodge was St. John, but finding there was one already by that name in the State the change was made to White Cross. There are but three of the original charter mem bers remaining in the lodge, viz., W. J. D. Graham, Jesse B. W. Ickes, and G. Thomas Bell. The lodge is one of the most prosperous in the city, composed almost entirely of young and active men. Logan Lodge, No. 79, K. of P. — This was insti tuted May 19, 1868. The first officers were R. H. Graham, V. P. ; B. F. Rose, W. C. ; W. J. D. Gra ham, W. V. C. ; F. S. Ball, G. ; A. W. Greenwood, R. C. ; William Stiner, F. S. ; M. V. Boyer, B. ; W. P. Mendenhall, I. G. ; and G. A. Potts, O. G. The presiding officers have been W. J. D. Graham, T. S. Ball, G. W. Wersgarber, J. 0. McCloskey, T. W. Cole, William Stimer, J. H. Carr, Jonathan Fore man, G. L. Freest, W. F. Shrom, Jacob Stevens, Samuel Abrahims, S. H. Price, W. H. Brown, Jacob Sander, C. A. Vanclain, James Fitzpatrick, W. B. Bartley, T. W. Williams, William Guyer, S. D. Smith, Orlando Thomas, J. A. Lanver, Joseph R. Haw thorne, James Robertson, E. E. Clark, and J. B. Kuhn. The present officers are J. B. Tompkins, C. C. ; G. W. Weary, V. C. ; E. G. E. Spelman, Prelate; L. Freest, M. of E. ; J. H. Carr, M. of F. ; W. H. Brown, K. of R. and S. ; Thomas Bloom, M. at A. ; S. A. Martin, I. G. ; A. Behm, O. G. J. H. Carr is Representative to the Grand Lodge, in which he is also Grand Prelate. R. H. Graham is P. G. C. of the Grand Jurisdiction. The lodge has two hundred and fifteen members. 162 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Mystic Castle, No. 27, A. O. K. of the M. C— This was instituted June 5, 1872, with seventy-seven charter members. The first officers were Edmund Murphy, Chap. ; James E. Mattingly, S. Kt. C. ; Daniel Black, S. Kt. V. C. ; John B. Green, S. Kt. F. L. ; James S. Reckabaugh, S. Kt. R. S. ; George N. Anderson, S. Kt. A. R. S. ; W. F. Winnangle, S. Kt. F. S. ; Alexander Stewart, S. Kt. T. ; D. L. Lantz, S. Kt. T. G. ; B. C. Epler, S. Kt. O. G. The first castle chamber was Shannon's Hall, corner Eleventh Avenue and Fourteenth Street. The present place of meeting is Masonic Hall, in Twelfth Street. The following have been Sir Knight Gommanders: George Kelley, C. E. Applebaugh, J. T. Kuhns, C. L. Fettinger, G. D. Wineland, C. M. Pimlott, C. W. Pressell, S. Utley, J. S. Reckabaugh, B. F. Brown, J. Andrews, T. S. Riley, G. B. Debrow, D. H. Runyeon, John Burtneft, A. C. Hannaker, G. D. Cessna, J. C. Kreeder, and C. S. Gremminger. The present officers are J. G. Fulmer, Chap.; George R. Major, S. K. C. ; Richard Wilson, S. K. V. C; Joseph T. Brown, S. K. F. L. ; John Russell, R. S.; D. D. McDowell, A. R. S.; E. Murphy, T.; W. R. Hains, I. G. ; H. R. Hains, O. G. The member ship numbers one hundred and seventy. The Silver Gray Social Club. — This society, organized Aug. 20, 1879, is a purely social organiza tion. Its members pay five cents a month to defray incidental expenses. No benefits are paid, but they are required to visit the sick and infirm of their number, and to attend all funerals of deceased members. They have a picnic each year on the anniversary of the society, August 20th, and an annual supper on the last day of the year. No person can become a mem ber unless he is sixty years of age or upwards. As this organization embraces nearly all the living pio neers of this city, it is apropos to give the names and ages of its venerable members, all of whom are living (Oct. 20, 1881) except nine: Robert Alexander, 77 (first president) ; born in Porter township, Hunt ingdon Co., Pa.; Bhoemaker. John Miller, 76 (present treasurer); part owner of fire-brickworks, Sandy Ridge. Michael Clabaugh, 71; born May 3, 1808, in Allegheny County, Md.; came to Altoona in 1851 (dead). George R. Everson, 71 ; born June 30, 1810, in Philadelphia, Pa. ; came to Altoona in 1854; pattern-maker. William F. Sellers, 70; born in 1811 in Berks County, Pa.; one of the first settlers of Altoona; clerk. Henry Fettinger, 70 (secretary) ; born in 1811 in Lancaster, Pa. ; came to Altoona in 1856; books and stationery. Allen McGlathery, 68 (vice-president) ; born in 1813 in Huntingdon (now Blair) County ; farmer. Matthew Black, 67; born May 15, 1814, in Ireland; came to Altoona in 1857 ; laborer. George S. Eaby, 64 (now president); born May 18, 1817, in Chester County, Pa.; came to Altoona in 1861 ; clerk. William McClelland, 62; has lived in this county many years ; came to Altoona about 1870; clerk. Peter Miller, 75; born April 16, 1807, in Huntingdon County, Pa.; moved to Logan TownBhip, near Altoona, in 1853; farmer. Peter McNally, 76 : born in 1804 in Ireland ; came to Hollidaysburg in 1836, to Altoona in 1871; tailor. Joseph Nixdorf, 74; born Sept. 13, 1806, in Lancaster County, Pa.; came to Altoona in 1867 ; laborer (dead). William Kemp, 64; born Oct. 24, 1817, in Huntingdon County, Pa.; came to Altoona in 1869; carpenter. John Ramy, 64; born May 6, 1818, in Westmoreland County, Pa.; came to Altoona in 1873; clerk. Henry Ickes, 71 ; born June 30, 1810, in Bedford County, Pa.; came to Altoona in 1863; farmer. Alexander McCormick, 77 ; born May 20, 1803, in Huntingdon County, Pa.; came to Altoona in 1854 ; merchant (dead). Robert B. Taylor, 75 ; born April 11, 1807, in Adams County, Pa. ; came to Altoona in 1856; miller. Benjamin F. Patton, 68 ; born Nov. 26, 1813, in Huntingdon County, Pa. ; came to Altoona in 1867 ; merchant. John Herr, 71; native of Blair County; has lived in Altoona some eighteen years ; merchant. Solomon Boyer, 61 ; born Feb. 15, 1822, in Washington County, Md.; came to Altoona in 1852; harness-maker. John W. Humes, 70; born July 22, 1811, in Perry County, Pa.; came to Altoona in 1853; wagon-maker. George Hawksworth, 74; born May 31, 1808, in Kent County, Md.; came to Altoona in 1853; blacksmith. Johu Elliott, 64. Lenellen Davis, 71. Ambrose Ward, 70; born Nov. 11, 1811, in Newark, N. J.; came to Altoona in 1853; car-inspector Pennsylvania Railroad Company. Alexander Frazer, 74 ; born Oct. 2, 1809, in Scotland ; came to Altoona in 1864; scene-painter. Juseph Shannon, 77 ; born Nov. 6, 1804, in Huntingdon County, Pa. ; once sheriff; came to Altoona in 1866 ; shoemaker. C. C. Mason, 64; born in Delaware; came to Altoona in 1854; fore man in Pennsylvania Railroad Company. John B. Westley, 71 ; resided in Logan township many years; farmer and director Altoona Bank. John Cannon, 69 ; resided in Blair County many years ; coal and lime dealer. John McClelland, 69; came to Altoona in 1854; formerly justice of the peace ; carpenter. George Burden, 68 ; is of English descent ; laborer. C. H. Kinch, 65 ; laborer in Pennsylvania Railroad car-shops. J. L. Reifsnider, 61 ; native of Berks County, Pa. ; came to Altoona in 1853; carpenter, now hardware merchant. Joseph Berget, 63; native of Germany; came to Altoona many years ago; carpenter. M. K- Howe, 72 ; native of Blair County, Pa. ; came to Altoona many years ago; upholsterer. Joseph Sprote, 64; came to Altoona many years ago. George Arble, 78; born May 25, 1803, in Perry County, Pa.; came to Altoona in 1862; blacksmith (dead). John S. Fluke, 74; born June 2a, 1807, in Bedford County, Pa.; came to Altoona in 1870; painter (dead). Lorenzo White, 62 ; has been a resident of Altoona for some time; laborer. William McGarvey, 64; resides in Logan township, near Altoona; farmer. Samuel Beacher, 63 ; came to Altoona some ten years ago ; laborer in Pennsylvania Railroad shops. John H. Myers, 73 ; came to Altoona about 1866; laborer in Pennsyl vania Railroad shops. Abraham Rhodes, 65 ; came to Altoona about 1863; laborer in Penn sylvania Railroad shops. John Haun, 65; came to Altoona about 1856; laborer in Pennsylvania Railroad shops. William Jarvis, 76 ; came to Altoona about 1S68 ; sexton of St. Luke's Church. George Arthurs, 85; born Aug. 25, 1797, in Bedford County, Pa.; came to Altoona in 1851 ; harness-maker. Tho. Duke, 71 ; born Jan. 26, 1811, in Derbyshire, .England ; came to Altoona in 1857; machinist. Shannon Taylor, 64 ; an early settler in Altoona ; a great hunter. William Lytle, 66; an early settler in Altoona; in no business. John L. Hall, 62; came to Altoona a short time ago: sexton of German Reformed Church. Alexander Stewart, 74 ; born Feb. 28, 1808, in Huntingdon County, Pa. ; came to Altoona in 1868; blacksmith in Pennsylvania Railroad shopB. William Mason, 61 ; came to Altoona about 1856 ; painter (dead). John Cole, 62. Thomas Closson, 64; born May 2, 1818, in Huntingdon County, Pa.; came to Altoona in 1867 ; merchant. CITY OF: ALTOONA. 163 George M. Ayers, 62. John Atnsworth, 69; came to Altoona many years ago; machinist in Pennsylvania Railroad shops. Andrew Cherry, 63 ; came to Altoona in 1863 ; teamster. Samson Taylor, 60; came to Altoona in 1861; laborer, now member of City Council. B. R. HendersoD, 61 ; came to Altoona in 1859 ; butcher. Stephen Hollingsworth, 63. Jacob Renner, 72; born May 2, 1808, in Huntingdon County, Pa,; came to Altoona in 1854; carpenter, worked for Pennsylvania Railroad Company (dead). Arthur Devlin, 66 ; ' born Feb. 29, 1824, in New York State ; Came to Altoona in 1857 ; machinist Pennsylvania Railroad Company (dead). We append the following record of the deceased members of the club : M. Clabaugh, died Fob. 13, 1880, aged 73 years, 2 months, and 18 days. Joseph Nixdorf, died April 2, 1880, aged 73 years and 7 months. Jacob Renner, died July 20, 1880, aged 73 years, 9 months, and 10 days. Arthur Devlin, died Sept. 14, 1880, aged 55 years, 6 months, and 15 days. William Mason, died Dec. 31, 1880, aged 61 years. Johu Fluke, died Jan. 23, 1881, aged 73 years, 6 months, and 25 days. Alexander McCormick, died March 12, 1881, aged 77 years, 6 months, and 20 days. John W. Humes, died April 19, 1881, aged 69 years, 8 months, and 27 days. George Arble, died July 17, 1881, aged 78 years, 1 month, and 22 days. The "Altoona Mechanics' Library and Reading-room Association" was organized Aug. 7, 1858, by the following-named gentlemen : Thomas Burchnell, Thomas P. Sargent, David Galbraith, G. W. Sparks, A. N. Smyth, B. F. Ouster, L. O. Brastow, C. E. Hostetter, F. Rosenberg, J. Renner, and Robert Pitcairn. The first officers of the association were elected in September, 1858, as follows : President (Thomas A. Scott was placed in nomina tion, but declined), Thomas Burchnell ; Vice-Presi dent, Rev. A. B. Clarke; Secretary, B. F. Rose; Treasurer, D. T. Caldwell ; Librarian, C. V. B. Ken nedy ; Board of Directors, John Shoemoker, Thomas P. Sargent, C. R. Hostetter, Charles R. McCrea, L. C. Brastow, Clement Jaggard, and Dr. D. R. Good ; Au ditors, James J. Mann, James H. Dysart, and Jacob Good. The present officers are as follows : President, George W. Stratton; Vice-President, Rev. A. J. Woodle ; Secretary, William C. Leet; Treas urer, Professor D. S. Keith ; Librarian, L. H. Piper ; Board of Directors, Dr. C. B. Dudley, John W. Cloud, David Kinch, Edward B. Wall, Joseph Wood, J. N. Barr, and R. E. Pettitt ; Auditors, John H. Blumer, W. S. Douglass, and C. C. King. Number of volumes on hand: Fiction, 862; his tory, 254 ; science and art, 333 ; literature and lan guage, 38; poetry; 136; biography, 349; voyages and travels, 160 ; philosophy and government, 75 ; theol ogy, 111 ; magazines, 195; miscellaneous, 366; pub lic documents, 454. Total, 3333. St. John's Literaky and Benevolent Society was first organized in January, 1862, in the store of Charles E. Collins, corner of Tenth Avenue and 1 Mr. Devlin was admitted previous to the sixty years' clause being adopted by the society. Twelfth Street, where now is the Brant House. It was at that time known as St. John's Harmonic and Literary Society. The original members were C. E. Collins, Patrick McDonough, John and Frank Red ding, James E. Curry, W. J. Bradley, John O'Toole, and Dennis Sullivan. C. E. Collins was the first pres ident. Meetings were held three times a week in the parochial school-house, near the cemetery. About 1863 the name was changed to the St. John's Har monic, Literary, and Benevolent Society, but subse quently the word harmonic was dropped from its title. Up to 1866 it had slow growth, since then it has been steadily prosperous numerically and finan cially. It has about two hundred and fifty members, a good library, and a free reading-room. The sick benefits, formerly three dollars, are now five dollars per week. Musical Organizations. — The Frohsinn Singing Society was organized in 1862. It numbers about one hundred and thirty members, among whom are the following present officers: E. Zemsch, president; Oscar Hanson, secretary ; Jacob Rink, treasurer ; J. F. Maeder, teacher. Their new hall was erected in 1877. The Concordia Singing Society was organized Jan. 8, 1870. The founders were George Koelle, Sr., George Koelle, Jr., Fred. Koelle, Balzer Koelle, Fred. Ehredt, Sr., and Gottlob Hausser. The first officers were: President, Jacob Sauder; Musical Director, Fred. Ehredt, Sr. ; Secretary, Gottlob Hausser ; Treas urer, George Koelle, Jr. The membership at present is one hundred and two, and the principal officers for the current year (1881) are Balzer Wolf, president; George Hausser, secretary ; and Frederick Ehredt, director. Besides the two musical organizations above men tioned, there are in Altoona five bands, viz. : Altoona City Band, organized in 1854, Julian A. Neff leader, A. O. Brown drum-major, — -twenty-four members; Mountain City Band, organized Sept. 10, 1875, N. Graham leader, M. M. Rush drum-major, — eighteen members; Junior Grays' Band, organized Sept. 1, 1877, G. W. Dunlap leader, George Blackburn drum- major, — sixteen members ; Citizens' Cornet Band, in corporated January, 1878, A. Filu leader, — fifteen members ; and the German Social Cornet Band, or ganized in September, 1878, John Foster leader. The Young Men's Christian Association of Altoona was organized in 1863 or 1864 with quite a large membership. "After various interferences the association located in a room over the Mechanics' Savings-Bank, corner Twelfth Street and Eighth Av enue, where religious and business meetings were held from 1870 to 1874, when the association moved to rooms over John Hurd's book-store, Twelfth Street, near Eleventh Avenue, where it was domiciled for about three years. During this time the movement which resulted in the Railroad Men's Christian Asso ciation was inaugurated, and quite a number of the 164 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. efficient members of the association deemed it their duty to enter that organization, after which, for about three years, in order not to incur expenses unprovided for, the association's business meetings were held at the house of L. F. Stahl. In January, 1880, it was deemed expedient again to venture on the procuring of a room, which resulted in the occupancy of the present very suitable room on Eleventh Avenue, near Thirteenth Street. The association has always num bered among its warmest friends many of the leading business men, who now are supporting it by voluntary monthly contributions. The work is largely done by committees appointed for special definite work, — a de votional committee to arrange for all religious ser vices, a sick-visiting committee, a finance committee, a church committee, a membership committee, and other needed committees. The membership is now about eighty. There is a nucleus for a library, and a devoted band of workers. The present officers are as follows : President, Dr. W. M. Findley ; Vice- Presidents, J. B. Herring and Samuel G. Hall ; Treas urer, T. H. Wiggins ; Recording Secretary, A. Swope ; Corresponding Secretary, Will H. Slep. The Railroad Men's Christian Association was the outgrowth of the railroad men's Sunday afternoon prayer-meetings, which were commenced in October, 1875. The great religious interest which manifested itself throughout the country during the fall and winter of that year resulted in the spiritual ingathering of many of those employed in the ser vice of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company in Al toona. With a view of exerting a greater influence over their companions, as well as to provide for their social, moral, and spiritual improvement, those en gaged in carrying on the meetings referred to deemed it expedient that an organization should be effected into which the men might be brought. Accordingly, Feb. 24, 1876, a permanent organization was formed by the selection of the following officers : President, George F. Jones; Vice-Presidents, Flemen Trout and S. Hawk ; Recording Secretary, John L. Wil liams ; Corresponding Secretary, T. B. Patton ; Treas urer, W. A. Adams. A reading-room was opened at the corner of Eleventh Avenue and Thirteenth Street, and on the 16th day of the following month it was dedicated with appropriate services. The room is supplied with quite a selection of daily and weekly, religious and secular papers, magazines, books, etc., which are largely made use of by its many visitors. The association has its regular committees to look after the various departments of its work, who report monthly, and receive all needed instructions from the association. The prayer-meeting, organized in Octo ber, 1875, is still being regularly held every Sunday afternoon at four o'clock, as well as devotional or cottage meetings through the week. The present offi cers are: President, William Burbank; Vice-Presi dents, H. J. Aukerman, W. W. Gardner, and W. P. Moore ; Recording Secretary, Taylor Grant ; Corre sponding Secretary, T. B. Patton ; Treasurer, C. S. Nicodemus. Defunct Societies. — Among the organizations which once flourished and are now obsolete are Al toona Lodge, No. 107, I. O. G. T., Altoona Temple of Honor, No. 22, Altoona Division, No. 311, S. of T. The above temperance (secret) organizations were in existence in the spring of 1869, at which time their respective presiding officers were J. J. Raugh, John Baker, and H. R. Wilson. The last named died in June of that year. In 1856 the Mountain City Temple of Honor was in working order. Among its members were A. D. Dormer (deceased), G. W. Patton, George W. Kess ler, etc. The Military. — A militia company was organ ized in 1835 in Pleasant Valley, and called the " Union Cavalry Company." Of the survivors of the sixty original members, several live in Altoona, viz. ; Allen McGlathery, E. B. Tipton, Robert Riddle, John Hamilton, and James Hutchison, the latter having been its original first lieutenant. Samuel Noble, a native of Altoona, but now a resident of Iowa, and A. K. Bell, then of Bell's Mills, but now pastor of the Baptist Church, Altoona, were also members. All of these surviving militia veterans are now old men, whose years range from sixty to sev enty. The first company formed in Altoona, in 1854, was known as the " Logan Rangers." Its officers were H. J. Lombeart, captain ; John L. Piper, first lieutenant; Harry Sellers, second lieutenant ; and William Ren- ney, third lieutenant. Of the sixty men composing this company, many survive and live in Altoona and vicinity. The late Col. John L. Piper was promoted to captain of the company, and was succeeded in the same office by Jacob Zink. Then it disbanded, but soon a new company was formed, most of the mem bers of the former organization joining it. The new company was officered by Jacob Zink, captain ; R. J. Crozier, first lieutenant; and F. Schillinger, second lieutenant. April 20, 1861, it was mustered into the United States service for three months as Company E, Third Pennsylvania Volunteers. In September, 1854, the " Altoona Guards" was or ganized, with P. S. Reed as its commanding officer. Henry Wayne aud Ezra Ala were the lieutenants. " In the spring of 1855, Capt. Reed went West, when Lieut. Wayne was made captain. Both had seen ac tive service, Reed in the Mexican war, and Wayne in the Florida war." April 20, 1861, the company, with Capt. Wayne at its head, was mustered in as Company B, Third Pennsylvania Volunteers, and at the end of its three months' service it reorganized. It was again mustered in for three years, Aug. 26, 1861, as Company F, Seventy-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers. Capt. Wayne was killed in action, Oct. 22, 1862, at Pocotaligo, S. C. Nov. 28, 1864, the remnant of the company was mustered out. CITY OF ALTOONA. 1G5 Company I, Two Hundred and Fifth Pennsylvania Volunteers, recruited largely through the efforts of M. B. Morrow, was mustered into service Sept. 2, 1864. Its officers were Ira R. Shipley, captain ; John A. McCahan and Henry Elway, lieutenants. November 1st, McCahan became captain, Sergt. Henry Hawk was promoted to be first lieutenant, Henry Elway re maining second lieutenant. The company was mus tered out before its year of service expired, on June 2, 1865, by reason of the termination of the war. In 1871 the " Keystone Zouaves" was formed, with the following officers : Captain, John R. Garden ; First Lieutenant, Henry A. Miller ; Second Lieuten ant, Charles L. Fettinger. In 1873 it was reorganized and called the " Latta Guard," of Altoona, with The odore Burchfield, captain ; Maiden Valentine, first lieutenant; and F. R. Barr, second lieutenant. In 1874 it became one of the companies composing the Fifth Regiment, National Guard of Pennsylvania. In 1878, Theodore Burchfield was elected colonel of the regiment, and as such still serves. W. Sargent, Jr., of Altoona, is adjutant. Company D, of Altoona, one of the companies composing the Fifth, was or ganized in 1879. The present commissioned officers are John L. Piper, captain ; Edward M. Amies, first lieutenant ; John R. Garden, second lieutenant. It has over fifty members. Street Railways. — On the 18th day of February, A.D. 1882, John P. Levan, D. K. Reamey, William Murray, Frederick N. Holmes, C. Jaggard, S. S. Blair, George A. McCormick, Theodore H. Wigton, D. D. Wood, H. S. Frank, A. Kipple, W. K. Beaty, David Eoch, H. C. Dern, A. J. Anderson, and others con vened at the Logan House, in the city of Altoona, for the purpose of forming a company to construct, maintain, and operate a street railway in the said city of Altoona. D. K. Reamey was chosen to preside over the meet ing, and Theodore H. Wigton was appointed secretary. At the request of the president, John P. Levan, Esq., stated the object of the meeting. It was resolved by the meeting to employ counsel, and have all necessary papers prepared without delay. At the same meeting the following committee was appointed and instructed to employ counsel, have all necessary papers prepared, etc. : John P. Levan, chairman, and, members, D. K. Reamey, William Murray, F. W. Olmes, and C. Jag gard. This committee caused to be prepared a proper paper to be subscribed by those who wished to become members of the proposed company. This paper was promptly signed by the parties interested, each party subscribing his name and the number of shares of the capital stock each party agreed to take in said proposed company. At a meeting of the parties interested, held on the 5th day of April, A.d. 1882, at the Altoona Bank, in the city of Altoona, John P. Levan, Esq., chairman of said committee, made report to the meeting that all the capital stock of the proposed company had been subscribed, and accompanying said report with the said subscription-paper. At this same meeting the owners of the stock of the proposed company elected John P. Levan, Esq., presi dent of the company, and the following directors : John P. Levan, William Murray, Frederick W. Olmes, D. K. Reamey, S. S. Blair, H. S. Frank, C. Jaggard, C. F. Benview, Max. Liveright. The meeting by resolution continued the committee, and instructed the committee to obtain a charter. Proper articles of association were prepared by Andrew J. Riley, Esq., in conformity with the pro visions of an act of the General Assembly of the commonwealth of Pennsylvania, entitled "An Act to provide for the incorporation and government of street railway companies in cities of the third, fourth, and fifth classes, and in the boroughs and townships in this commonwealth," approved the 23d day of May, a.d. 1878, and these articles of association having been subscribed, sworn to and acknowledged, as required by said act, were filed in the office of the secretary of the commonwealth, at Harrisburg, on the 10th day of March, A.D. 1882. On tbe 10th day of March, a.d. 1882, the Governor of the commonwealth issued his letters patent cre ating the persons who so subscribed said articles of association a corporation by the name, style, and title of " The City Passenger Railway Company of Altoona, Pa." On the 8th day of April,- A.d. 1882 (and before going into operation), the corporation was properly registered in the office of the auditor-general, at Har risburg, in accordance with the provisions of the act of June 7, 1879. At the first meeting of the board of directors', held at the oflice of the company, in the city of Altoona, on the 8th day of April, a.d. 1882, L. B. Reifsneider was elected secretary of the company ; Theo. H. Wig ton, treasurer of the company ; Andrew J. Riley, solic itor of the company ; and J. J. Buch, superintendent. At this same meeting of the board of directors it was ordered that the president invite proposals for the furnishing of all material in the construction of the street railway of the company. In answer to the advertisements in the newspapers a large number of responsible parties furnished bids. Messrs. Campbell Brothers, of Altoona, well-known railroad contractors, were the successful bidders, and accordingly the board of directors, at a meeting on the 22d day of April, awarded Messrs. Campbell Brothers the contract for furnishing all the material, and for the construction of the road. Officers of the City Passenger Railway Company of Altoona, Pa. — John P. Levan, president, Altoona; L. B. Reifsneider, secretary, Altoona; Theodore H. Wigton, treasurer, Altoona; Andrew J. Riley, so licitor, Altoona; J. J. Buch, superintendent, Al toona; directors, John P. Levan, Altoona; William 166 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Murray, Altoona ; D. K. Reamey, Altoona ; Frederick U. Olmes, Altoona ; Andrew Kipple, Altoona ; S. S. Blair, Tyrone ; Max Liveright, Philadelphia ; H. S. Frank, Philadelphia ; C. F. Benview, Philadelphia. Capital stock authorized by law, $40,000 ; capital stock paid in, $40,000; capital stock, number of shares, 800 ; capital stock, par value of each share, $50. On the 31st day of March, A.D. 1882, the Common Council of the city of Altoona passed an ordinance entitled " An ordinance granting the consent of the city of Altoona to 'The City Passenger Railway Company of Altoona, Pa.,' to construct their pas senger railway along and over certain avenues and streets in said city, and consenting to the construc tion of extensions and branches of their said railway along and over any other avenue or avenues, street or streets in said city of Altoona." At a meeting of the City Council on the 3d day of April, 1882, section 3 of said ordinance was amended so that the gauge of the railway should be five feet three inches instead of five, as provided in the original ordinance. Cost of Road and Equipment. — Construction, $35- 000 ; equipment, $10,100. Characteristics of Road. — Length of road laid, in cluding sidings, 3 miles ; gauge of road, 5 feet 3 inches ; weight of rail per yard, 43 pounds ; number of stables, 1 ; number of first-class passenger-cars, 6 ; average value of each, $900; number of passengers that may be seated in each car, 14 ; number of horses owned by the company, 30 ; average value of each, including harness, $160 ; average rate of speed adopted by passenger-cars, including stops, 5 miles per hour; number of trips each day, 104 ; each horse travels about 20 miles daily ; the track is laid on Southern yellow- pine stringers and cross-ties ; average time consumed by cars in passing over the road, round trip, 1 hour. Route of Road. — Commencing on City Line ; thence westward along and over Lombard Street to Chestnut Street ; thence westward along and over said Chest nut Street to Eleventh Street; thence southward along and over said Eleventh Street to Eleventh Avenue; thence westward along and over said Eleventh Avenue to a street lying and running about parallel to and between Sixteenth Street and Seven teenth Street (said street crossing the tracks of the Pennsylvania. Railroad Company by and over a bridge now constructed) ; thence southward along and over said street (by and over said bridge), and along and over a portion of a street connecting said street with Seventeenth Street, to Seventeenth Street ; thence southward along and over said Seventeenth Street to the intersection of said Seventeenth Street and Eighth Avenue; thence eastward along and over said Eighth Avenue to Fourth Street. [Note.— Under the provisions of the ordinance an extension of the railway was constructed from the in tersection of Lombard Street and Second Street east ward along and over said Lombard Street to the City Line;] Rate of fare for passengers charged, five cents. Tickets called " shopmen's tickets," for use of shop men, are sold in packages of twenty-five for one dollar. Also a special ticket for use by school children will be issued by the company, and will be sold at a reduced rate. The company commenced to operate their railway on the afternoon of the Fourth of July, and the citizens of Altoona already find the road a great con venience. The road is being well patronized by the generous people of the city of Altoona, and the man agement is greatly encouraged, and the hope is en tertained that in time the shareholders will receive a reasonable return on the respective amounts invested in the capital stock of this corporation. It is the purpose of the company in the near future to construct certain extensions and branches of their said railway, as well to increase their business as to accommodate the travel of the public. Along the entire route of this street railway the value of property has been enhanced, and substantial and valuable improvements are being made. The enterprising gentlemen who projected this street railway and successfully carried into execu tion their purpose not only deserve but will certainly receive the gratitude of all the people of the city of Altoona. Schools.1 — The first school-house within the boun daries now occupied by Altoona was erected as early as 1815, at what is now the southeast corner of Fourth Avenue and Twenty-fourth Street. It was a log build ing, unplastered and furnished with the old-fashioned slab benches. Surrounded by the primeval forest, this pioneer school-house well served its day and genera tion, being used as well for religious services. For two or three miles around the children attended school here, and often in winter a track was made to its door by dragging a log through the snow, there being few roads in this then new country. This school was early known as Beale's, and later as the Black Oak Ridge School. It was sustained until 1838. Among the first teachers were Henry Adams and Jobn Gwin. When we consider that the duration of the school was almost entirely before the days of the common school system,8 when the children of the poor alone were educated gratis, we will not be surprised to learn that, after mastering the alphabet, the curriculum was simply spelling, reading, writing,' and " ciphering." The Bible was the text-book for reading, and exercises in arithmetic (the last study in the course) seldom went beyond the " rule of three." The master manufac tured pens for his pupils from goose-quills, while the 1 Contributed mainly by Professor D. S. Keith, the present city super intendent of public schools. 2 Passed in 1834.. CITY OF ALTOONA. 167 birchen rod, always close at hand, was in frequent use. The Union Church and School-House dates from the year 1838, and was the successor of the old log building.1 In that year the trustees of the Pres byterian, Lutheran, and Methodist Churches pur chased a lot of ground from Levi Hastings, on which to erect a Union Church. Shortly afterwards, the school directors, having determined to erect a school- house, purchased a lot adjoining for ten dollars, and agreed with the church committee that the church and school-house should be erected as one building, the former to occupy one lot, and the latter the other. The school-room and the church were separated by a swinging partition, which, when it was necessary to enlarge the church-room, was swung up to the ceiling and made secure by means of hooks. After the house was completed, which was late in 1838, a committee was appointed by the school directors to secure a teacher. Barton Hastings was elected first teacher, and the following is the agreement between him and the committee : "Articles of agreement, made this 5th day of January, 1839, between Barton Hastings, schoolmaster, of the one part, and we, the undersigned, committee of school No. 9, in Allegheny township, Huntingdon Co., Pa., of the other part: Witnesseth that the said Barton Hastings doeB bargain and agree with said committee to teach in their primary school for a term not exceeding three months from the first of the present month, during which time strict subordination according to law and former custom shall be observed. Spelling, reading, writing, and arithmetic will be taught with fidelity. In consideration whereof, the said com mittee doth bind themselves, their heirs and executors, to pay or cause to be paid unto the said Barton Hastings the sum of twenty dollars per month for each and every month of said services. Witness our hands, etc. " Abraham Beale. " Jacob Miller. "John Keooh. " Corbin Foshey." These names inform us who were the first school directors of this district, which was then in Hunting don County. Barton Hastings was a brother of Eli, above mentioned. Alexander Carr, Chester A. Stead man, Burnham, Risley, and John Ruther ford were teachers in this house. It was used for school purposes until 1854. The old Union school- house is still standing on the corner of Sixteenth Street and Union Avenue; it was recently remod eled, and is now occupied by the congregation of the African Methodist Episcopal Church. During this period, 1838 to 1854, geography and grammar were added to the studies of the earlier day, and a degree of advancement somewhat higher than that during the former period was attained, although but slight improvement was made in the methods of instruction. James Hutchison was one of the veteran directors, being elected about 1834, and serving some fifteen years. He was an ardent supporter of the common- 1 John Loudon went to school in this building in 1837. school law, and an active participant in educational matters. The first board of school directors after Altoona became a borough was presided over by Thomas K. Burchinell. In 1854 the county superintendency was established, and John Rutherford is said to have been the first teacher examined. Other School Buildings, Teachers, etc. — Late in 1854 was commenced in the Fourth Ward a one- story frame structure, and completed in February fol lowing, when two schools were opened. The house was fitted with improved furniture, quite as much in contrast with that of the earlier schools as with the " patent" furniture of the present day. The sexes were taught separately. John Rutherford was elected teacher of the boys' school, and Miss Cordelia White of the girls'. Subsequently an assistant was em ployed, who taught the primary pupils. A term of four months was taught, with an enrollment of one hundred and fifty-eight pupils. During the summer of 1855 a similar building was erected in the Third Ward with two rooms, and was supplied with furniture similar to that in the Fourth Ward. Much the same kind of furniture was used in most of the rooms until 1870. The railroad divided the town into two districts, East and West Altoona. Mr. Rutherford taught the boys' school in West Altoona, and served as a teacher for a number of years. In 1856 another building with one room was erected in the Fourth Ward, to which were assigned the more advanced pupils, both boys and girls. The elements of one or two of the higher branches were taught. The number of teachers was six, and the length of the school term was increased to six months. As there were only five rooms, one of them was occu pied by two teachers. Some of the schools were com posed of both boys and girls, others of boys or girls only. This " unsystematic", arrangement, which for the most of the time was not restricted to any particular grade, was continued until 1875, except from 1860 to 1869, when the sexes were taught together. In 1857 a building similar to the one last mentioned was erected in the Third Ward. The borough was en larged the same year to include part of what was known as Greensburg. About 1855 some of the citi zens residing in Greensburg found it.inconvenient to send their children so far out of the township to school, and therefore determined to build a school- house for themselves more conveniently located. The house was built on Howard Avenue, between Tenth and Eleventh Streets, and now serves as a dwelling. Robert McCormick gave the ground, and with his subscription and that of other citizens a sufficient amount was secured to erect the building. It was used for private schools until 1857, when the school directors of the borough got control of it, and used it about one year for public school ; being dis- 168 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. tant from the other school houses, it was afterwards left vacant, except when used for select school.1 In 1857 there were seven school-rooms, nine teach ers, and five hundred and fifty enrolled pupils. The schools were graded as primary, intermediate, and grammar. J. G. Counsman, afterwards county super intendent, was teacher of one of the two grammar schools. In 1858 only eight teachers were employed. No more buildings were erected until 1864, when a house was built in the Third Ward, at a cost of fif teen hundred dollars ; it contained but one room. A fourth grade, called the "high school," was made this year, and E. H. Brunner elected teacher ; the next year Professor John Miller succeeded him, and the high school occupied a rented room, all the school- houses being in use by the other grades. Professor Miller was the incumbent until elected city superin tendent.2 In 1866 a two-story building with two rooms was erected at a cost of three thousand dol lars ; the high school was assigned one of these rooms, and occupied it until a new building was erected in the First Ward. When the boundaries of Altoona were extended and it was incorporated as a city, what was known as Loudonsville came within the limits. Here were two school-houses, each with one room. One of them was built about 1859, and served for school purposes until 1876, when it was destroyed by fire. The other was erected in 1866, when two grades were established. Another house with one room, in the Eighth Ward, which was erected about 1867, came within the limits of the city also. The enrollment of pupils was greatly increased, and it was necessary to rent several rooms until more buildings could, be erected. Iu a short time three houses were built, — one with one room in the Fifth Ward, and one with one, and one with two rooms in the Eighth Ward. In 1869 the schools below the high school were divided into five grades, and a revised course of study was prepared.3 During the existence of the borough only frame school-houses had been erected, but when Altoona became a city, and the population continued to in crease, more permanent and larger buildings were demanded. The first brick school-house was built in 1870, in the First Ward. It contained eight rooms, six of which were supplied with patent furniture. 1 Professor John Miller taught a select school here about 1862, shortly after which the houso was sold. 2 The teachers of tbe high school since Professor Miller have been John S. Alexander, Nevin H. Fisher, A. F. Hestetter, D. S. Keith, N. P. Crouse, and L. L. Book, the present incumbent 3 In 1875 a new gradation of the schools was made, a revised course of instruction was prepared, the sexes were taught together in all the schools, and improvements were made in the plans for heating and ven tilation. Eight grades below the high school were made— four consti tuting the primary, two the intermediate, and two the grammar depart ment. The course for these three divisions includes the common school branches, with drawing, simple equations in algebra, and the elements of physiology. Two courses, an elementary and a scientific, were pre pared for the high school. An addition was put to one of the buildings in the Third Ward in 1871, but still there was not sufficient school-room for all the pupils ; therefore, in 1872, a brick house with four rooms was built in the Eighth Ward. In 1873 the frame building in the Fourth Ward (erected in 1856) was removed, and a brick house with four rooms built. The same year two other brick houses, in the Sixth and Seventh Wards were erected, each containing two rooms. In 1875 an addition (two rooms) to the Sixth Ward school-house made an aggregate of thirty-eight rooms, and an equal number of teachers was elected. In 1879 four ad ditional rooms were added to the Sixth Ward building. Other houses have been built or are now in process of erection. Owing to the rapid increase in school popu lation, it was difficult to keep pace with the demand for new school buildings ; and when the number of rooms became equal to the number of teachers em ployed, which had not been the case since 1854, a very desirable end had been accomplished. The growth of the public school system in Altoona may be readily seen from the annexed table : Years. 3 .a oaa> E-l 3 od so JS ocaQJ H o "3 a»E ¦* s on g •< a ¦a . .2 °> 5 S »& .2 3 3d a -s =1 u «2¦a 8 a> m » St h3 3 *-:3 ° 3 ¦d 0 1-1 c3O 4 "3 1855 1233 44 2 256 4 158250 437650 603692 770769854762823700925 813 15601640 16001795192819842085 2082 2254238225052700 3054 $25.00 30.0030.0025 00 27.5027.50 27.5027.5027.50 29.7235.39 38.64 39.33 40.42 45.00 44.3345.0044.4644.8044.7040.9641.98 40.95 36.1536.87 35.3634.34 "2 44 4 6 55 5557 7 10 13101011 11 11 1010 10 10101012 6 4426 23 3 "6 10 59942223 33 $1,400.00 2,409.003,857.36 3,969.163,454.316,358.302,744.042,776.87 2,800.003,112.00 4,445.554,414.78 6,340.54 9,107.85 17,260.00 18.000.0028,000.0027,228.93 37,994.3343,873.00 29,032.6025,377.63 •25,515.53 23,199.9525,616.5525,244.30 30,327.67 1856 4668 9 10 9 99 h 101010 999 9 99 9999 35.0040.0040.0037.5037.5037.50 37.5037.5039.7248 52 54.3755.0062.50 57.50 60.0060.0071.4378.3367.7561.82 57.05 56.H9 55.5154.00 50.62 51.00 1867 1858 1859 1860 1861 1S62 4 1 4 4 ; 4 4 ! 4 4 1 4 5 1 4 5 : 4 5 ' 6 4 1 1S63 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 6 5777 1011 11 S6 121522 232526 26 2730 353739 41 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880.. . 1881 8 10 The number of school-houses at the present time (1881) may be thus summarized: Ward- Buildings. Rooms. . First 1 8 Second i 8 Third 3 6 Fourth ,, 2 4 Fifth i 4 Sixth j g Seventh i g Eighth , 4 8 Total u 47 The value of school property amounts to ninety- ! six thousand five hundred dollars. Twenty-five years CITY OF ALTOONA. 169 ago there was but one school-house, worth about three hundred dollars. Names of teachers for 1880-81, with their grade of school and certificate : Names of Teachers. Wards. Grade. A. P. Rupert Firet Second Grammar. Nannie Russell " First Grammar. Lillie M. Bowers " Second Intermediate. Mary E. FuBter " First Intermediate. Anna M. Johnston " Fourth Primary. Nellie Durborrow " .Third Primary. Dora Kearney " Second Primary. Mrs. Lettie Wilson " First Primary. L. L. Book Second Principal High School. lindaHooper " Assistant " " W. W. OBborne " Second Grammar. J. B. Bowles " First Grammar. Charles Geesey " First and Second Intermediate. Jessie Custer " Fourth Primary. Emma K. Worley " Third Primary. Libbie Herr " Second Primary. Louisa O'Neill " First Primary. Mrs. Annie E. Moore Third First Grammar. Anna C. Bailey " First and Second Intermediate. Mrs. Sallie J. Steele " Fourth Primary. Sadie Reagan " Second and Third Primary. AllieV Shew " First Primary. Lizzie McCumpsey Fourth. ...Fourth1 Primary. John B.Harmon " ....Third Primary. Maggie M.Ross " ....Second Primary. Maddie Kendig " ....First Primary. S. G. Rupert Fifth First and Second Intermediate. Mattie Neville " Fourth Primary. A. M. Crosthwaite " Second and Third Primary. Ella Kemmerling " Firat Primary. W. C. Renin ,... Sixth Second Grammar. Alexis Elder " First Grammar. Mary Wallace " Second Intermediate. Rachel A. Cowen " First Intermediate. Lizzie A. Cole " Fourth Primary. Maggie Park " Third Primary. Emma Davis " Second Primary. Blanche Miller " First Primary. Rebecca M. Patterson. ..Seventh. ..First and Second Intermediate and Fourth Primary. EmmaF.Tranbrd " ...First, Second, and Third Primary. Mrs. Ella C. Beegle Eighth First Grammar. Mary J. Stouffer " Second Intermediate Advanced. Mary E. Clarkson " Second Intermediate. G.G.Anderson " First Intermediate. Kate L. Moser " Fourth Primary. Sadie E. Ingram " Third Primary. Sadie Row " Second Primary. Harmenia Brennecke.... " First Primary. Linnie D. Johnston " " " Alexis Elder, W. W. Osborne, and J. B. Bowles are among the teachers who have taught longest in Altoona. Mr. Elder served as county superintendent for five years,— 1864 to 1869. The board of school directors consists of six mem bers, two of whom are elected each year. The term of office is three years. The present board is com posed of John P. Levan, A. F. Heess, J. F. Rainey, W. S. Douglass, H. C. Dern, and C. N. Pimlott. Messrs. Levan and Heess hold the office until June 1, 1883 ; the terms of Messrs. Rainey and Douglass expired June 1, 1881 ; and of Messrs. Dern and Pim lott, June 1, 1882. John P. Levan is president, and W. S. Douglass, secretary of the board ; Thomas H. Wigton, treasurer. Teachers' Institutes. — About 1861 a district institute was organized by the teachers for their im provement in methods of instruction and school man agement, and in general culture. These institutes were discontinued in 1875. In 1872 a law was passed in regard to annual insti tutes, " authorizing the city of Altoona to organize a teachers' institute independently of the county of Blair." City Superintendent. — The office of city super intendent was instituted in 1869, to which Professor John Miller ' was called. He served until October, 1874, when the present incumbent, Professor D. S. Keith, was elected. English and German Private Schools. — A private school was established about 1855, by Right Rev. John Tuigg. Mary Levi was appointed teacher. The school, which started with twenty-five pupils, grew rapidly in numbers and influence. The large school building adjacent to St. John's Roman Catholic Church, on Thirteenth Avenue near Thirteenth Street, was commenced in 1867, and com pleted in 1870. It is the residence aud school of the Sisters of Charity, of which order four originally came to Altoona from Cincinnati, under the Superior Mother, Aloysia, took possession of the building as soon as it was ready for occupancy, in 1870, and at once commenced the work of imparting a religious and secular education to the young people of the con gregation of St. John's Church. There are eight large school-rooms, a handsome oratory, besides par lors, reception-room, music-halls, and a dormitory, where the members of the community sleep. The average daily attendance is between six hundred and seven hundred pupils. There is an academy or high school attached, from which the more advanced pupils graduate with honors. Mother Aloysia super intends the convent-schools, under the supervision of the priest of the parish.2 The German Catholic school was established in 1860. In 1877 the Sisters of St. Agnes took charge, and have since successfully conducted it. It provides religious and secular instruction to over three hun dred children of St. Mary's congregation. In 1878 the two boys' schools, located on the east and west sides of the city, were taken charge of by the Franciscan Brothers, from Loretto, Cambria Co., under the superintendence of Brother Angelus, who was subsequently succeeded by Brother Athanasius, at present filling the position, assisted by Brothers Vincent, Charles, and one others Eight or ten years ago a parochial school was es tablished by the German Lutheran Church, in order that their children might receive instruction in their own language. Recently these children have come 1 Professor John Miller, who was widely known throughout Blair County, died in Altoona, Sept. 3, 1875. He was horn in the city of Paris about 1800, and was taught to speak and read French by his mother. When he was about three years of age his father moved to Strasburg. He waB sent to school at Leipsic, where he remained until he graduated. Leaving Leipsic, he came to this country about 1825. After being some time in New York and Philadelphia, he went to the western part of this State where he commenced teaching school. Being a fine scholar, his services were soon Bought. The most prominent places where he taught are MartinBburg, Williamsburg, Butler, Hollidaysburg, and Altoona. He filled the office of city superintendentuntil 1874, when he resigned, being so feeble that he was unable to discharge the duties of his office. 2 From this little commnniiy have grown many other similar ones in the diocese, located at Johnstown, Blairsville, Sharpsburg, East Liberty, Pittsburgh, New Castle, etc. 170 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. into the public schools, but during the vacation of the public schools they receive instruction in read ing and writing German. By this method they re ceive the benefits of a system of graded schools and also advance rapidly in learning their own language. J. B. Ewing, now practicing law in Harrisburg, taught a select school in 1857, in the West Altoona school-house. A " Kindergarten'' school, the central idea of which is to adroitly mingle work and play, was recently es tablished by Miss Joanna Steichele, with prospects of ultimate success. In the year 1862 an effort was made by Dr. William R. Findley and several other prominent citizens to establish an academy at which a higher grade of edu cation might be obtainable than at that time the public schools offered. A charter of incorporation was obtained, but the enterprise failed of fruition. The First Lutheran Church. — This church was organized in 1834. Its first meeting was held in a log school-house, then located in a piece of woods in what is now the Sixth Ward. For four years it wor shiped there, then removed to Union school-house. In the spring of 1846, Rev. Henry Baker received and accepted a call to this congregation. During the same summer this congregation built a church edifice in Collinsville, now in the suburbs of the city, where they worshiped for eight years. After Altoona was laid out it became necessary for the congregation again to change its base of operations. Two lots were selected on Eleventh Avenue, where the present church and parsonage were built in 1853. The church edifice was dedicated in 1854. The principal contributors to this enterprise were Michael Hileman, William Bell, J. B. Hileman, John Loudon, Peter Empfield, Harry Sellers, Henry Fleck, J. L. Reif sneider, Jacob Good, Benjamin Figart, William Rob inson, Rudolph Lotz, George W. Patton, George Cowen. The contractors were Peter Empfield and David Brubaker. Cost of church and parsonage about eight thousand dollars. In 1870 the church was enlarged and greatly improved, at a cost of about twelve thousand dollars. The pastors who served this church from time to time are as follows: Revs. Jacob Martin, John H. Huffman, C. C. Guenther, Jacob Simons, William Weaver, Henry Baker, S. Curtis, Jacob Steck, C. C. Ehrenfeld, S. Holman, and Henry Baker. The latter pastor served the congregation for eleven and a half years, from 1846 to 1857. He returned in 1867, and has been pastor ever since. Membership, seven hundred. The Sabbath-school numbers five hundred. Out of this church the Ger man Church in part originated, and also the Second Church. There are now about twelve hundred com muning members of the Lutheran Churches in Al toona. The church council at present is composed of three elders— Henry Yon, Daniel Stoner, and J. B. Hileman — and six deacons, — C. C. Mason, L. B. Patton, S. S. Taylor, J. K. Roush, George F. Jones (now deceased), Thomas Bushman. Rev. Henry Baker has faithfully and efficiently served the First Church for thirty-four years. The congregation is free of debt, is vigorous and active, always ready to unite in any enterprise which has the glory of God and the good of man in view. Second Lutheran Church. — The first church hav ing attained by the year 1871 a membership equal to its seating capacity, the organization of a second church was resolved upon. July 11th the following persons met at the residence of William Bell to pre pare the way for the proposed organization ; Rev. J. B. Crist, William Bell and wife, D. K. Reamey, J. B. Westley, Louis Walton and wife, Mrs. Sue Patton, and A. J. Riley. Rev. J. B. Crist was elected chair man, and A. J. Riley secretary. After prayer by the venerable Father Crist, Mr. Reamey stated the object of the meeting; then "a committee, consisting of D. K. Reamey, William Bell, and A. J. Riley, was ap pointed to procure a suitable place for public worship. This committee secured the room known as Bell's Hall, corner of Seventh Avenue and Twelfth Street, and on the 13th of August, 1871, the congregation was regularly organized. The officers elected at this meeting were : Elders, William Bell and J. B. West- ley ; Deacons, D. K. Reamey and L. F. Stahl ; Treas urer, A. J. Riley. Rev. S. Domer, of Reading, preached in the morning, and Rev. Henry Baker in the evening, at which time the above-named officers were installed. In the afternoon of the same day the Sunday-school was organized. D. K. Reamey was elected superintendent, A. J. Riley secretary, Louis Walton librarian, and L. F. Stahl assistant librarian. The.school, including officers and teachers, numbered twenty at its organization. At a congregational meeting held Dec. 31, 1874, the ground upon which the church edifice is erected was chosen, and the following building committee was appointed : William Bell, George W. Heinsling, D. K. Reamey, D. C. Earhart, and John B. Westley. Feb. 22, 1874, the church was occupied by the con gregation for the first time, worshiping in the base ment, or lecture-room, the audience chamber being yet unfinished. The entire cost of the church prop erty, including the parsonage, is over twenty thousand dollars, which has all been paid, and is a standing testimony of the self-sacrificing spirit of its members. Membership of church, two hundred and eighty. The present officers are : Elders, J. B. Westley, John Cole, D. K. Reamey, and James Hileman ; Deacons, F. W. Gearheart, Charles Geesey, J. B. Herring, and Henry Otto. The Sabbath-school numbers 350. Its officers are : Charles Geesey, superintendent ; D. K. Reamey, as sistant superintendent; John Alexander, secretary; William Stahl, treasurer ; Samuel Dougherty, Harry Hooper, and Joshua Earhart, librarians ; Miss Linda Hooper, organist. CITY OF ALTOONA. 171 The congregation has had the following pastors since its organization : Rev. George Scholl, from No vember, 1871, to July, 1874; Rev. Charles Steck, from November, 1874, to January, 1876 ; Rev. J. F. Shearer, the present pastor, from March 1, 1876. St. James' German Evangelical Lutheran Church. — This congregation was in part an off shoot from the First Church. Its church, located at the corner of Eighth Avenue and Fourteenth Street, was dedicated in 1862, and rebuilt in 1873. Num ber of families, 140. Sunday-school scholars, 150; teachers, 18 ; library, 200 volumes. The First Baptist Church was organized in May, 1842, under the name of" The Pleasant Valley Bap tist Church," in the Union school-house. Its seven teen constituent members were mostly dismissed from the churches of Hollidaysburg and Logan's Valley. The council officiating on the occasion were Revs. J. P. Rockefeller, of Hollidaysburg ; W. M. Jones, of Mill Creek; W. B. Bingham, of Logan's Valley, and fifteen lay delegates from neighboring churches. Four persons presented themselves for baptism at the first meeting and were added to the church, making a total of twenty-one members. Up to the year 1853 it had no house of worship of its own, and held its meetings in what was known as the Union school-house, or- Union Church. In 1853 a small brick building (now occupied by the Catholics as a reading-room) was built upon lots secured prin cipally through the efforts of the late Martin Bell. It was used by the congregation until 1871, when the present edifice was erected at the corner of Fif teenth Street and Eleventh Avenue, close to the old building. During the first five years of the existence of this church it enjoyed partial ministrations from Revs. William B. Bingham, - Fisher, and J. B. Morris. It then united with the Centre Baptist Association, and came under the pastoral care of Rev. J. B. Wil liams. It then numbered thirty-seven members. He continued to serve the church until 1850. In 1852 the Rev. A. J. Hay was called, and remained until the spring of 1854. He is now, or was recently, pastor of the Baptist Church at Gloucester, N. J. Rev. W. B. Harris was his successor from 1855 to 1856. At that time the number of members reported to the Association was forty-one. Rev. A. H. Sem- bower became pastor in 1859. He served with accept ance and success until December, 1864, when he re signed. Members at that time, one hundred and nineteen. Mr. Sembower was also a school-teacher. He is now located at Reading, Pa. In August, 1865, the Rev. A. L. Shanefelt succeeded him, and served the church one-half his time till the spring of 1867, when he went to Chester, Del., where he subsequently died. He was a native of Huntingdon County, Pa., having been born near McConnellstown. Rev. Wil liam Shadrach, D.D., who read divinity, by pine-light at Huntingdon Furnace, was pastor from 1868 to 1873. He is now living in Indiana. Rev. William Codville succeeded, remaining until April, 1876. During the summer of the latter year the church was without a pastor. In the fall Rev. A. K. Bell, D.D., assumed the pastoral charge, and has since been more or less identified with the church. During his absence at Lewisburg, Rev. C. A. Hare supplied the pulpit from July, 1878, to October, 1879, when he left to resume his studies at Crozer. Dr. Bell served the church from October, 1879, to January, 1880, when it again released him in the interests of the University at Lewisburg until June, 1880, his place being filled by Rev. J. Green Miles. The Rev. Mr. Bell is now (1881) the regular pastor of the church. During the present year (1881) a parsonage was erected at a cost of three thousand five' hundred dol lars, including which the church has a property worth thirty thousand dollars, and is entirely free from debt. Present membership, two hundred and seventy- nine. The acting board of deacons is composed of N. J. Mervine, W. B. Ketler, Benjamin M. Bunker, H. B. Kendig, C. C. Lyon, Stephen Aiken, and Samuel Colclesser; W. S. Douglass, church clerk; and Dr. S. M. Sellers, treasurer. The board of trus tees for 1880-81 consists of Dr. S. M. Sellers, J. H. Oves, H. B. Kendig, J. W. Cherry, N. J. Mervine, C. C. Lyon, G. S. Eby, W. S. Elder, and W. S. Douglass. The Sabbath-school, under the present superin- tendency of B. M. Bunker, has an average attendance of two hundred and. twenty-five, and a library of four hundred volumes. The Second Baptist Church.1— The Second Bap tist Church of Altoona was organized in the spring of 1873, under the auspices of the First Church, by Rev. G. W. Jackson, of Allegheny. The orig inal members constituting this church were Henry Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Samuel Grant, Betsy Hol- lenger, and Jacob Roberson. The latter was soon after ordained and served as the first pastor of the church. He was succeeded by Revs. Anderson Rich ardson and Samuel Rheu, who each remained but a short time. After being without a pastor for a while, the Rev. G. W. Jackson, of Allegheny, was called, and is still serving as the pastor. The congregation first worshiped in a building on Eighth Avenue, between Twenty-first and Twenty- second Streets. In 1876 a building was erected on Seventeenth Street, between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues, at a cost of about twelve hundred dollars, which has since been the home of this congregation. The present official board is. composed of J. Gould, Henry Johnson, George Love, G. E. Ormes, and John Ferguson. Number of members, nineteen. The Sabbath- school numbers fifty-four scholars. 1 Principally from memoranda furnished by Henry Johnson, a deacon of the church. 172 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. First Presbyterian Church.— This church was an outgrowth of the Presbyterian Church of Hollidays burg, originating in an afternoon service held in the old Union school-house at Altoona once a month. These meetings were first held in 1841 by Rev. David McKinney, D.D., of the first-mentioned place. The Presbyterians of Altoona, in 1850, resolved to erect a suitable church edifice; they secured two lots, on one of which they erected a house of worship at a cost of three thousand dollars. After the completion of the church, an arrangement was made (Nov. 3, 1851) with the Hollidaysburg pastor to preach in Altoona on alternate Sabbaths in the forenoon, which he did for nearly a year, when he resigned his charges and moved to Philadelphia. At this time there were fifty Presbyterian families and seventy communicants, with their ecclesiastical connection in Hollidaysburg. In October, 1852, a petition to the Presbytery of Hunt ingdon, asking for a separate organization, was granted, and November 8th following the First Presbyterian Church was duly organized. Jonathan Hamilton and John McCartney, elders in the parent church, were continued in the same relation in the new organization, and John Hutchison, G. D. Thomas, and James L. Gwin were elected and ordained to the eldership. In 1853, William C. McCormick (pre viously an elder in the churches of Hollidaysburg and Johnstown) settled in Altoona, and was elected an elder in the new church. The church thus organized was served by supplies until Nov. 14, 1854, when Rev. A. B. Clarke was called to the pastorate. Nine years after, in May, 1863, on account of ill health, he resigned, and died on July 4th following. Jan. 26, 1864, Rev. R. M. Wallace was called to the vacant pulpit. During the pastorate of Rev. A. B. Clarke, Messrs. Herman J. Lombaert, Thomas P. Sargeant, John M. Camp bell, James Hutchison, James H. Dysart, and Dr. William R. Findley were chosen ruling elders. The original church edifice was disposed of by sale in the year 1854, and the present edifice erected in 1855. It was dedicated on the last Sabbath of the year, the pastor (Rev. Clarke) and the Rev. Drs. Jacobus and Paxton officiating on the occasion. In 1865 the communicants numbered about two hundred and thirty. Rev. Wallace severed his con nection with the church in 1874, and assumed the care of a congregation at Stroudsburg, Pa. During his pastorate the church so increased in numbers that a new organization was projected, and finally culmi nated in the Second Presbyterian Church on the east side of the city. Col. Thomas A. Scott was among the worshipers of the First Church during his resi dence here. Rev. M. N. Cornelius, the present pastor, was called to be the successor of Mr. Wallace, and began his pastoral labors Jan. 1, 1876. Its present membership is 430. In 1863 the school numbered 98, and in 1880, 322. The following are the present officers of the school : Thomas H. Wiggins, superin tendent ; Professor D. S. Keith, assistant ; Mrs. N. C. Barclay, superintendent of infant school; W. C. Galbraith, secretary and treasurer; B. J. Lockard, librarian. The church is located on Eleventh Avenue, between Twelfth and Thirteenth Streets. The Second Presbyterian Church.— The rapid growth of the First Church soon made another build ing necessary, and early in 1869 the question of branching out into a new organization was agitated. Among the movers in this enterprise were James Hutchison, Thomas McCauley, William M. Lloyd, Joseph Dysart, Dr. J. M. Gemmill, Daniel Laugh man, S. C. Baker, Charles J. Mann, John H. Con verse, James H. Dysart, and John M. Campbell, who aided both by counsel and efforts. A petition to Huntingdon Presbytery for a new organization was presented, and in answer thereto Presbytery appointed a committee to organize the Second Church, which they did on the evening of June 21, 1869. Forty- seven persons were enrolled as members, all of whom except one were from the First Church. The first officers of the church were : Elders, Jamas Hutchi son, John M. Campbell, and James H. Dysart; Dea cons, Charles J. Mann and Daniel Laughman ; Trus tees, William M. Lloyd, S. C. Baker, Thomas McCau ley, Joseph Dysart, John H. Converse, and Dr. J. M. Gemmill. The congregation rented Bell's Hall, corner of Seventh Avenue and Twelfth Street, and on Sabbath morning, July 11, 1869, the first public ser vice was held, conducted by Rev. C. L. Kitchell, after which meetings were kept up regularly. The Sabbath-school was organized July 18, 1869. James H. Dysart, superintendent, and Max Kinkead, treas urer, were its first officers. Thirty-nine names were on the school-roll. A year afterwards the roll con tained four hundred and seventy-two, officers included. In 1880 five hundred and seven names were reported. At a congregational meeting held Aug. 21, 1869, Rev. David Hall, of Mansfield, Ohio, was elected pastor, but he declined to accept. April 5, 1870, a call was extended to W. J. Chichester, a licentiate of the Baltimore Presbytery, then pursuing his studies at the Western Theological Seminary. It was ac cepted on condition that he be allowed to spend a year at Princeton Seminary. Meanwhile Rev. Stuart Mitchell officiated for the congregation, and in June, 1871, the pastor-elect was ordained a minister and installed as pastor of the church. He served until June, 1878, when Rev. Samuel W. Duffield was called. July 1st he entered upon his work, being installed Oct. 7, 1878. He is the present pastor. Early in 1870 the present site was selected, and pur chased of C. Jaggard for four thousand five hundred dollars. The chapel was begun in 1870, and finished in the spring of 1871 at a cost of twenty thousand dol lars. It was occupied in April, Rev. David Hall, of Mansfield, Ohio, preaching the dedication ser- <3-^>, £7?£? CITY OF ALTOONA. 173 The first officials of the church have already been named ; their successors have been as follows : Elders.— Nov. 22, 1871, Dr. J. M. Gemmill, William M. Lloyd, Robert L. Gamble ; Feb. 11, 1874, Alex ander T. Findley, Charles J. Mann ; March 28, 1877, James D. Irwin, William J. Allen, Joseph Dysart, Dr. S. M. Ross ; 1881, Herman McCauley, Dr. W. S. Ross. Deacons. — Nov. 22, 1871, John M. Bowman, Max well Kinkead ; Feb. 11, 1874, John A. Castor, C. B. Bowles, Theodore H. Wigton, William A. Magee; March 28, 1877, J. N. Barr, Harry Slep, J. C. Wilson, J. W. Martin, Thomas Campbell. The church building was commenced in August, 1875, and finished and opened for worship on Sabbath, Dec. 17, 1876, when Rev. George P. Hayes, D.D., preached the opening sermon. The church, including lot, fixtures, etc., cost sixty-two thousand nine hun dred and sixty-five dollars and sixty-six cents. It contains a fine organ, which cost two thousand five hundred dollars. This church has a present membership of seven hundred and forty-one, and a Sabbath-school of four hundred and fifty. The latter is under charge of J. C. Wilson, superintendent, and Dr. W. S. Ross, as sistant superintendent. The following tribute is paid to Mr. Dysart, one of the original members of this church : Altoona lost one of its foremost citizens when James H. Dysart died. He had for many years been closely identified with the city's material progress in com mercial prosperity, and, as a merchant of liberal en terprise and unsullied integrity, he stood high among the highest. He was in every sense a representative citizen, and when he passed away he left the heritage of a name that is to-day a valuable memory, and an example in the community. He was a native of Hun tingdon County, having been born Jan. 7, 1832. He was the son of Joseph and Mary Ann Dysart. His education was obtained at Millwood Academy and Jefferson College, Canonsburg, and since he was not physically strong (having suffered a serious fall when a child), he was intended for a profession ; but such an inclination was not his, beyond the practice of the profession of teaching, which he pursued only a short time. March 25, 1856, he married Martha A., daughter of Aaron and Lydia Beyer, of Blair County, who on Jan. 12, 1881, celebrated their golden wedding. Di rectly after his marriage Mr. Dysart made his home in Altoona, having received the appointment of ticket and freight agent for the Pennsylvania Railroad Com pany at that point. He continued to hold the place for a space of eight years, serving the company with earnest energy and fidelity. At the end of that time he decided to embark in business, and so in 1864 he resigned his trust, and, in conjunction with William C. Keller, purchased the business of Cooper & Co., then largely engaged as coal -miners and shippers at Lilly's Station, Cambria Co., Pa. His partnership with Keller continued until 1869, when Mr. Daniel Laughman succeeded the latter in the firm. With Mr. Laughman, Mr. Dysart conducted the business until his death. Mr. Dysart was singularly gifted with that energy and faith that win success in spite of ob stacles that ordinarily wreck the best of efforts. He suffered many business reverses, and endured losses in trade that breathed utter discouragement, but his was an eye that ever saw the silver lining behind the clouds, and thus encouraged by the philosophy that urges man over all obstacles, he breasted the flood heroically, and fought with determined vigor for the victory which he knew awaited him. And he won it, too, as he was satisfied he would, although he failed to realize the full measure of the pleasure that he had promised himself for the time when ample means should give him the privilege of carrying out the many beneficent plans he had formed. In the niidst of his usefulness he was called away, and, although resigned to go, felt he would have liked a few years more in which to perfect the projects he had formed for the promotion of the public good. It was, however, a satisfaction to him to know that in that direction he had exerted himself manfully, and had accomplished much. As an unselfish public benefactor in his com munity he was a conspicuous figure, and in his adopted city it stood long as a proverb that " there was only one Dysart." He was -among the foremost in enter prises affecting public prosperity, and stood ready with time and means to show what his interest meant. In the fall of 1879 he was stricken with the illness that terminated his life, and after lingering in much suffering, died March 21, 1880. His widow still sur vives him. As an evidence of the esteem in which he was held a notice, published in The Presbyterian upon the oc casion of his death, is herewith given, as follows: " In the death of Mr. Dysart our city loses one of its best-known, most respected, and valuable citizens, a man closely identified with all its interests, one whose public and private life was above either re proach or suspicion ; a man of decided and positive convictions upon all important and vital questions, fearless in his defense of right, untiring and uncom promising in his warfare against that which he be lieved to be wrong, he was the faithful and generous friend of every honest poor man. His great heart was tender and loving, easily touched by and prompt to respond to the wants and sorrows of others. None ever appealed to him in vain when it was within his power to help, and, like Job, 'the cause which he knew not he searched out.' Without the semblance of pride or ostentation, he constantly scattered bless ings in the pathway of many. Like his blessed Mas ter, ' he went about doing' good.' But the crowning glory of this good man's character lay in his devotion to Christ and his church. Twenty-two years of his life were spent in earnest Christian service. He 174 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. united with the First Presbyterian Church of Altoona in 1859. In 1862 he was elected and ordained a rul ing elder. In the organization of the Second Church of Altoona, Mr. Dysart felt it to be his duty to give his time and means to the new enterprise. How faith fully he labored, and how generously he responded to every call for help in any and every way is well known to the more than seven hundred members gathered into that church during the period of his connection with it, many of whom trace their conver sion, under God, to his direct and personal effort in their behalf. He continued a member of that church and of the session from the time of its organization till within a few weeks of his death, when he with drew and again connected himself with the First Church." St. Luke's Protestant Episcopal Church.1— The Rev. Robert W. Oliver was sent into this region prior to the erection of St. Luke's Church, and before it became an organized parish, as a district missionary, subject to the Bishop of Pennsylvania, the Right Rev. Dr. Potter. The first church building was erected in 1858, from plans furnished by Architect Hall, of Harrisburg, at the corner of Eighth Avenue and Thirteenth Street. It was a nave, with transepts and chancel, built of Baker sandstone, covered by a slate roof, and sur mounted by a bell-cote. It was of semi-Gothic ar chitecture, and very picturesque. In the rear of the church, and facing Thirteenth Street, was erected about the same time a parish school building and rectory, as a memorial to Maria L., daughter of Gen. J. Watts de Peyster and Estelle, his wife, of New York" City. The substantial iron fence which sur rounded the whole church property was also the gift of the little patroness, who was a great favorite of the first pastor, Rev. Mr. Oliver, *o whose energetic labors the erection of these buildings is due. Although a man of polite learning, great energy, and very decided ability, in every way fitted to fill high station in the church, this pioneer minister spent over five years (1858 to 1863) of laborious effort in missionary work in these mountains. His immediate successor was the Rev.. J. Wellesley Jones, who came in 1864, and officiated until his death, April 15, 1865. His pastorate, a very success ful one, although short, was full of promise, and he died universally beloved and regretted. Rev, John Newton Spear served from 1865 to 1867, and was succeeded by his father, Rev. W. W. Spear, D.D., formerly rector of St. Luke's Church, Phila delphia. He was followed, in 1869, by the late Rev. 0. W. Landreth, who ought to have been a successful harvester of souls, being the son of the well-known seed-man of the Quaker City. Rev. J. J. Morgan was the next rector, coming in 1871. During his short rectorate the temporalities of the church were visibly 1 From notes furnished by the Rev. Allen S. Woodle, B.D. increased. He was called to Cleveland, Ohio, and his place here supplied by the Rev. S. H. S. Gallaudet. He was a fine scholar and acceptable pastor; he served about a year, 1873-74. Rev. T. William Davidson, now at Newton, Pa., officiated from 1874- 76, and the Rev. Allan Sheldon Woodle, B.D., from the last-mentioned date until the present time. He was graduated from Nashotah Theological Seminary, Wisconsin, in 1873, and came from Christ Church, New York City, to Altoona. Among early and former members may be named William Whitehead (deceased), Robert H. Wilson, Joseph H. Wilson, Edward H. Williams (of Burn ham, Parry, Williams & Co., Philadelphia), Mr. Pettit (also of Philadelphia), G. Clinton Gardiner, and many others of the vestry, who from time to time were resident officials of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, all zealously interested in the welfare of St. Luke's. Mr. Pettit was an ardent worker in its Sabbath-school, of which for years he was superin tendent. The present status of the church, numerically, is one hundred and fifty-six communicants, representing about one hundred families. The Sabbath-school connected with the church numbers one hundred and fifty members. In the early summer of 1881 the old church was removed, to the very general regret of all classes of people, for it had long been a landmark in Altoona. It was distinguished as perhaps the one spot of beauty in the town. Its dislodgment was necessitated by the needs of the congregation for a larger edifice. After considerable agitation of the question as to where the new church should be located, and. after consultation with the bishop of the diocese (Right Rev. Dr. Howe), the first rector of the church (now dean of the Ne braska Divinity School), and Gen. De Peyster, of New York City, the building committee determined to oc cupy the old site. The committee was composed of the pastor and Messrs. T. N. Ely, Joseph Wood, and A. F. Heess. On Saturday, Sept. 3, 1881, the corner stone of the new church was laid by the Masonic fraternity with grand and imposing ceremonies. The church was completed and ready for occupancy, as per contract, Jan. 15, 1882. The following description will give a correct idea of this building, which is the finest church edifice in Altoona : " The surface stone which will be used is from the Berea, Ohio, quarries. This is a soft grayish-blue, most agreeable to the eye, harmonizing nicely with the dressed stone to be used, which is from the Amheret quarries of Ohio, known as the Clough stone. The style of the building is Old English, aud the dimensions virtually one hundred by sixty feet. It will have a riave with aisle walls, arcade columns supporting arches, with a clere-story over. The chancel aud nave will be under the same roof, separated, however, by a lofty brick arch. There will be an organ- chamber on the south Bide of the chancel, a robing-room for the clergy on the north side. There will be two porches easy of access, one on Eighth Avenue near the corner, the other on Thirteenth Slreet. Be tween the two porches, abutting on the west gable, and, as it were, at the entrance to the church, rises a foundation for the baptistery, supporting a stone font of largo dimensions. The church will seat five hundred people, and will have three aisles, the centre one being five feet wide CITY OF ALTOONA. 175 and convenient for processionals. The aisle walls from the floor to the proper height will carry the necessary wainscoting of ash, the same material of which the seats will be constructed. The aisle and clere story windows, made of rolled cathedral glass, of various tints with geo metrical designs, will be used' until replaced by memorials with stained glass. The east gable and chancel windows, three in number, of Eng lish stained glass, will be placed as a memorial. The west gable win dows will be similar to the aisle windows. Tlie peal of bells, three in number, presented by Mr. W. G. Hamilton and family, of New York, bearing the legends, respectively, of Faith, Hope, and Charity, will hang in a cot about eighty feet high. The basement has no use connected with the service, and will have room for indirect steam-beating. The designs for the building were prepared by Frederick Clarke Withers, architect, New York City. Mr. Henry Shenk, of Erie, Pa., is the con tractor. Mr. Moore, of this city, has tbe contract for the masonry." * The present officers of the church are as follows : Rector's Warden, Theodore N. Ely ; Junior Warden, Joseph Wood ; Treasurer, Alexander H. Maxwell ; Secretary, James Mallett ; Sexton, William Jarvis. St. James' German Evangelical Lutheran Church. — This society was organized in 1860, and its church edifice, on the corner of Eighth Avenue and Fourteenth Street, was erected in 1862. The first pastor was Rev. J. H. Schmidt, followed in succession by Revs. M. Wolf, C. Jaecker, and the present pastor, H. J. H. Lemcke, who entered on his pastoral duties in December, 1881. Services are conducted in the German language in the forenoon and afternoon of each Lord's day. The church has a membership of four hundred and seventy- five. Its Sunday-school consists of two hundred and thirty-five scholars and twenty-one teachers, and it has a library of about two hundred volumes. A day-school of one hundred and thirty-five schol ars is taught here during the three months' vacation of the public schools. In this school instruction is given in the German language, — reading and writing. The establishment of a permanent parochial school, ¦ in which religious as well as secular instruction shall be given, is contemplated by the congregation. This church is in connection with the Pittsburgh Synod of the General Council of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. First Methodist Episcopal Church, Altoona.2— Methodism in the city of Altoona, now embracing First Church, Eighth Avenue, Chestnut Avenue, and Twenty-fourth Street charges, and numbering, accord ing to the last Conference minutes, thirteen hundred and eight members and one hundred and forty pro bationers, with a Sunday-school force of twelve hun dred and ninety officers, teachers, and scholars, had its beginning in a small society which, for years be fore Altoona had an existence, had been worshiping in the " Union School-House." In 1851, when the town was in its infancy, Rev. George Guyer, who was the pastor of Birmingham Circuit, preached in the school-house, and had for church members Edmund Hawkins (leader), Mar garet Hawkins, Peter Green, Andrew Green, Eliza- ' Altoona ZVibime, Sept. 5, 1881. » Furnished by the pastor, Rev. Thompson Mitchell, D.D. beth Green, William Payne, Ellen Payne (Payne), Andrew Satersfield, Anna Saturfield, Mary Green, Robert Lumadue, Julian Lumadue, Mary England, Ellen Taylor, Elizabeth Trout, Thomas Elway, Ann Elway, B. Irene Baer, Mary Couch, John Griffin, Catharine Griffin, Anna Griffin, Jonathan Elias, Thomas W. Elias, Elizabeth R. Elias, Uriah Green, Susan Green, Silas E. Kemp, Ann J. Jaggard, Thomas B. Gilson, Jane Gilson, Joseph Wilson, Mary Wilson, Mary Rowan, Lydia Rosenberg, John Shoemaker, Sybil Shoemaker. In 1852, Rev. Plummer E. Waters was preacher in charge of Birmingham Circuit, of which the Union school-house in Altoona continued to be an appoint ment. At the session of the Baltimore Annual Conference held in Hagerstown in March, 1853, Altoona was made a pastoral charge, and Rev. John H. Ryland was assigned to the place. Early in the year G. R. Everson was made Sunday-school superintendent. The church building, which was begun in 1853, was completed in 1854, and dedicated by Rev. W. B. Ed wards, of Baltimore, August 20th. Rev. J. H. Ryland was reappointed as pastor in March, 1854. From 1855 the pastors of the First Church have been as follows, viz. : 1855, Rev. A. E. Gibson ; 1856, Rev. W. Downs ; 1857-58, Rev. S. A. Wilson ; 1859-60, Rev. S. Creighton ; 1861-62, Rev. W. L. Spottswood ; 1863-65, Rev. W. R. Mills; 1866-68, Rev. J. S. Mc Murray ; 1868, W. M. Frysinger, assistant pastor ; 1869, Rev. A. W. Guyer; 1870, Rev. S. W. Sears; 1871-73, Rev. F. B. Riddle; 1874-76, Rev.. James Curns ; 1877, Rev. W. W. Evans ; 1878-80, Rev. B. B. Hamlin, D.D.; 1881, Rev. Thompson Mitchell, D.D. The most noted revivals in the charge were in 1858, 1862, 1867, 1872, and 1876, during the pastorates of S. A. Wilson, W. L. Spottswood, J. S. McMurray, F. B. Riddle, and James Curns. The revival of 1867 was wonderful in power and in results. From it the church became so crowded that a second charge was projected, and resulted in the Eighth Avenue Church, which, too, has prospered greatly. Then in March, 1872, the Chestnut Avenue charge was organized, made up mainly by members from the First Church. The statistics of last Conference credit the First Church with members, 393 ; proba tioners, 12 ; church and parsonage property, $30,000 ; Sunday-school officers and teachers, 31; scholars, 310; library, 550 volumes. The present Sunday-school superintendent is W. Lee Woodcock ; assistant, James C. Barger ; female assistant, Mrs. L. P. Wilson ; superintendent of in fant department, Mrs. J. W. Curry. The official body, in addition to the pastor, is con stituted as follows, viz. : Local Preachers, Thomas A. Elliott and G. G. Anderson ; Class-Leaders, John S. Calvert, Robert Cox, B. F. Patton, A. P. MacDon- 176 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. aid, Frederick Hesser, James L. Hunt, W. H. Fields, and A. C. Lytle ; Stewards, Martin Runyan, Joseph L. Calvert, John H. Carr, George A. Patton, H. L. Nicholson, S. T. Ferguson, J. F. Snyder, Harrison Oburn, and J. P. MacDonald ; Trustees, John A. Smith, James Lowther, F. B. Stewart, Jacob Snyder, Flemon Trout, D. M. Graham, M.D., N. P. Marks, Andrew Clabaugh, and W. L. Woodcock. Simpson Methodist Episcopal Church.— About 1872 a mission chapel was erected by the Eighth Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church on the corner of Seventh Avenue and Twenty-fourth Street. Here a Sunday-school was conducted during about ten years. A church under the above name was then (in March, 1881) organized, with one hundred members, most of whom were from the Eighth Avenue Church. Rev. R. R. Cronce was the pastor at the time of its organization, and he still continues in that relation. The congregation has continued to worship in the old chapel, but lots have been secured on the corner of Sixth Avenue and Twenty-third Street, and the erection of a church edifice there is contemplated. The society numbers one hundred and fifty mem bers. Other Methodist Churches.— The " Second Meth odist Episcopal Church" was organized in 1867, and a building erected in that year on the corner of Eighth Avenue and Thirteenth Street, at a cost of twenty- four thousand dollars, and a parsonage at three thou sand dollars. The pastors, as near as can be ascer tained, have been as follows : 1868, W. M. Frysinger ; 1869, J. Donahue; 1870-71, D. S. Monroe; 1872-74, R. E. Wilson ; 1875-76, S. C. Swallow ; 1877-79, M. K. Foster ; 1880-81, Jesse B. Young. Number of Sunday-school scholars, 698 ; number of volumes in library, 600. Connected with this church is the As bury Chapel, a Methodist mission church, organized in 1871, and located on the corner of Seventh Avenue and Twenty-fourth Street ; number of members, 75 ; Sunday-school scholars, 200 ; estimated value of build ing, $2000. The " Third Methodist Episcopal Church" was or ganized in 1872. The church building, located corner of Chestnut Avenue and Tenth Street, was erected in 1874. Estimated value of church property, $20,000 ; Sunday-school scholars, 210. The successive pastors have been : 1872-74, Daniel Hartman ; 1875-76, J. W. Owens ; 1877, J. W. Leckie ; 1878-79, Thomas Sher lock ; 1880-81 (reappointed), Thomas Sherlock. The "Allen Chapel (African Methodist Episcopal Church)" was organized in 1858. The chapel (the old Union school-house) was purchased about the same time, and dedicated by Bishop Payne. Revs. William H. Grimes and Alexander Johnson were early pastors. In 1879 the church was remodeled and improved at a cost of about one thousand dollars, and rededicated in November by Bishop Alexander Wayman. The church was at first under the jurisdiction of the Balti more Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, but for some time has been under the general ecclesi astical control of the Pittsburgh Conference. The present pastor is Rev. Nathaniel W. Evans. The Sunday-school was under the superintendency of John Alexander for twenty-one years (from its or ganization until May, 1879), when he resigned, and was succeeded by Thaddeus Ormes, the present in cumbent. The school numbers forty scholars. The old church was recently torn down, and a neat frame superstructure erected on its site, near the corner of Eleventh Avenue and Sixteenth Street. Fourth Evangelical Lutheran Church of Al toona.— This congregation was organized on the 1st of January, 1882. It was largely made up of members of the First Evangelical Lutheran congregation, and may be regarded as the fourth child of that church. It is by the kindness of two members of the First Church, Mr. C. C. Mason and his estimable lady, that the Fourth Church now owns its house of worship. This is a substantial framed structure, thirty by forty feet, that was built for Sunday-school purposes. It stands on the corner of Second Street, below Walnut Avenue. The congregation is already too large for this house, and the question of erecting a new one is being discussed. The church numbers seventy-five members, and it is harmonious and prosperous. It has no debt, but, on the contrary, has money in its treasury. The pastor, Rev. J. J. Kerr, has sustained that relation from the organization of the church. The church has a flourishing Sunday-school, under the able superintendence of Mr. Harry Slep. Christ Reformed Church. — This church, connected with the (German) Reformed Church in the United States, was organized in January, 1863, as a mission under the care of the Westmoreland Classis, In No vember of the same year it was received under the care of the Mercersburg Classis, with which it is still connected. It received missionary support until 1872, since which time it has been self-sustaining, and by its benevolent contributions has already, in a great measure, returned to the church at large what was given to it in its infancy. At the time of organiza tion only about a dozen communicant members were connected with the mission. The actual organization was effected Jan. 29, 1863, by the adoption of a con stitution and the election of the following officers : Elders, J. L. Reifsneider and C. B. Sink ; Deacons, J. H. Fritchey and Daniel Bohler. The first pastor was Rev. Cyrus Cort, who took charge of the mission Jan. 1, 1863, and after a very successful pastorate re signed in March, 1867. The mission was then vacant for about fifteen months, when Rev. A. C. Whitmer was called as pastor. He was installed June 14, 1868, and closed his labors here April 1, 1879. During his long pastorate the membership was greatly increased, and the church became self-supporting., In October, 1879, a call was extended to the present pastor, Rev. J. M. Titzel. He was installed Dec. 19, 1879, and regularly began his labors as pastor Jan. 1, 1880. CITY OF ALTOONA. 177 The corner-stone of the church edifice was laid July 31, 1864, and the building was finished, except ing the spire, in June, 1868, and consecrated on the 14th of that month. In 1873 the spire was built and the structure finally completed through the efforts of J. P. Levan, then a deacon of the church, and one of its most liberal supporters. The cost of the building was about fifteen thousand dollars. It was erected under the supervision of a building committee consist ing of J. L. Reifsneider, J. P. Levan, Daniel Bohler, and C. B. Sink. The architect was Frederick Thorn. It is located on the corner of Fifteenth Street and Twelfth Avenue, and is an imposing edifice, built of sandstone in the Gothic style of architecture. The neat and commodious frame parsonage adjoining was built in the fall of 1868 and the spring of 1869 at a cost of three thousand dollars. Several hundred dollars have since been spent on it in repairs and improve ments. The congregation at present numbers about three hundred communicant members. The officers at this time are : Elders, J. F. Boult, J. L. Reifsneider, and Peter L. Stouch ; Deacons, H. A. Folk, V. H. Freet, George S. Thomas, A. C. Hammaker, E. Lin genfelter, and C. E. Morse; Trustees, J. F. Boult, J. L. Reifsneider, and P. L. Stouch. A flourishing Sunday-school is connected with the congregation, numbering thirty officers and teachers and over two hundred scholars. George S. Thomas is the present superintendent of the school. Church of God.— In the fall of 1862, Elder S. S. Richmond, assisted by a number of families in Al toona, among whom may be mentioned the Alloways, Fishers, Cavenders, Pools, Ottos, and Weights, laid the foundation of the Church of God in Altoona. At first Elder Richmond conducted services in private houses. In January, 1863, Elder Jacob Boyer, who was in charge of the Martinsburg Circuit, held a pro tracted meeting in the Armory building, the result of which was the more definite organization of the church. Charles Pool was elected elder, and Abra ham Alloway deacon. A lot of ground corner of Fifth Avenue and Thirteenth Street was purchased from Mr. Jaggard, and a building committee was ap pointed, consisting of Elder S. S. Richmond, Charles Pool, Abraham Alloway, and Samuel Weight. Mr. Alloway shortly afterwards died, and John Mateer, of Martinsburg, was selected to fill the vacancy. In the fall of 1863 the building was under roof, and al though unfinished, services were held therein. Later in the fall Elder Richmond entered the army as chap lain. For most of the time during his absence ser vices were conducted by Elder John Hickernell and Mrs. Martha Beecher, and in the summer of 1865 he returned and resumed the duties of the pastorate. His successors have been Elder P. D. Collins, 1866 to spring of 1868; Elder C. L. Amy, 1868, one year; Elder J. M. Dugan, 1869, one year ; no regular pas tor from April 1, 1870, to March 31, 1871 ; Elder J. C. Owens, April 1, 1871, six months; Elder F. L. L Nicodemus, fall of 1871 to spring of 1874; Elder J. M. Carvell, spring of 1874, for two years ; Elder John Hunter, 1876 to winter of 1878; Elder G. L. Cowen, 1878, one year; Elder J. W. Miller, April 1, 1879, for two years; Elder J. W. Deshong, spring of 1881, and present pastor. The original church building was enlarged to its present dimensions in 1876. The building committee was composed of Levi Fisher, John Bartley, Jeremiah Hoerner, and A. V. Price. It was dedicated March 17, 1877. The membership, at first twenty-five, has grown to upwards of two hundred. In 1879-80 a parsonage was erected at a cost of about one thousand dollars. The church to-day stands financially unembarrassed. There is now a Sabbath-school connected with the church of twenty-two officers and two hundred scholars, under the superintendency of Samuel Allo way ; assistant superintendent, H. M. Hoover. Both church and school are in a flourishing condition.1 United Brethren. — A church of this denomination, the " United Brethren in Christ," was organized in Altoona in the early days of the town, nearly thirty years ago. For several years they had neither regular services, a resident minister, nor a house of worship. They were served by ministers from neigh boring charges. " The Annual Conference, recogniz ing the growth of the new town, and the consequent demand for a more concentrated effort, made it a sta tion, assigning Rev. D. Speck as pastor. The first thing demanding the attention of the pastor was a church building, and in this enterprise he was ably seconded by Samuel McGlathery, Jacob Bottenberg, Thomas Stackhouse, William Fox, M. T. Dill, George Earhart, Cornelius McLaughlin, and many others." A location was secured on the corner of Eighth Avenue and Twelfth Street, and there in due time a commodious building was erected and dedicated to the service of God. This- result was only attained after much effort and sacrifice on the part of the little congregation. The stone for the church was furnished by Thomas Elway, and nearly all its members con tributed money, material, or labor. The successive pastors have been Rev. D. Speck, January, 1857, to January, 1859 ; Rev. W. B. Dick,2 January, 1859, to January, 1860 ; Rev. D. Sheerer, January, 1860, to January, 1861 ; Rev. E. B. Kep hart,3 January, 1861, to January, 1863; Rev. T. H. Hallowell, January, 1863, to January, 1865; Rev. M. P. Doyle, January, 1865, to January, 1869; Rev. W. Wragg, January, 1869, to January, 1872 ; Rev. J. Walker,2 January, 1872, to January, 1876 ; Rev. M. 1 For the more recent history of this church we are under obligations to John W. Deshong, the present pastor. 2 Deceased. Rev. Mr. Dick waB buried in the Tyrone Cemetery. Mr. Walker died at Cuiieinaugh, Pa., in the early part of 1880. Revs. Speck and Walker both served as presiding elders of the district embracing this congregation. 8 Now president of Western College, Iowa; has also served two terms in the Iowa Senate. 178 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Spangler, January, 1876, to September, 1880 ;J Rev. J. Medsger, September, 1880, to the present time. " Owing to the rapid growth of the congregation, more room and better accommodations were required ; in consequence the building was enlarged and re modeled in 1877, at a cost approximating five thous and dollars. This work was consummated under the supervision of Rev. M. Spangler and the board of trus tees, consisting of J. Peight, H. Schum, A. Eberly, J. Carl, and J. Bush. The church and parsonage are valued at fifteen thousand dollars. The membership numbers four hundred ; Sabbath-school, three hundred scholars. The officers are : Pastor, Rev. J. Medsger; Leaders, S. Hawk, P. M. Smith, and J. M. Barwis ; Stewards, S. Beecher, D. Bolinger, J. W. Parson, George Blackburn, J. Claybaugh, George Cruse, and J. C. Shirk ; Superintendent of Sabbath-school, P. M. Smith ; Leader of Choir, R. C. Ward ; Trustees, J. Peight, H. Schum, A. Eberly, J. Carl, J. Bush, J. Barwis, and George Blackburn. " The whole amount collected for various benevo lent purposes during the last four years has averaged two thousand seven hundred and fifty dollars for each year."2 The Brethren.8 — This denomination is called Ger man Baptist, Tunkers, and, by the ignorant, Dunk- ards, and is frequently classed with the Mennonite, Ornish, and other branches of faith. It was organ ized in Pennsylvania in 1724, and was better known at that time, and ever since, by the appellation of Tunkers. We are in doubt as to whether the latter name was adopted by the Brethren or any portion of them, or given to them by outside parties. Be this as it may, the word " Tunker," derived from the Ger man Tunken, signifies to dip, and in this manner the converts to their faith are baptized. The Brethren generally wear a peculiar dress, and do not shave the beard. (That the men and women lived in separate habitations, and discarded marriage, is an allegation devoid of any foundation.) They are much less rigid than formerly in some particulars. Like the Baptists they believe in immersion, but unlike them practice feet-washing, and differ on several other points of doctrine and practice. Like the Church of God they practice both immersion and feet-washing, but differ in the manner of the former. Once in the spring and once in the fall feet-washing, partaking of a supper, saluting each other with a kiss are rites prac ticed precedent to partaking of the communion, all of which are participated in on a single occasion in the order stated. With such marked peculiarities of practice and doctrine, notwithstanding the similarity of name, the Brethren are easily distinguishable from the United Brethren by those who are conver sant with the doctrines and mode of conducting ser- 1 The date of hiB appointment as presiding elder of this district. 2 History of Altoona and Blair County, pp. 137-38. 3 History of Altoona and Blair County, 1880, by Ewing & Slep. vices by each. The polity of the church, or the rec ognized principles upon which it is based, forbids its members to go to law with each other, as well as dis countenance actions in law against those beyond the jurisdiction of their church. When called as wit nesses in courts, the rule is to affirm instead of taking the usual oath. Bearing arms is prohibited. No member is allowed to become a beneficiary of the public, or be provided for at the public expense. They make provision for the extremely poor and otherwise unfortunate members of their religious society. They are a people truly " peculiar, and zeal ous in good works." About 1869 or 1870 eight or ten members of the church, residing in Altoona, composed the congrega tion of the Brethren here. Services were held in a chapel, now torn down, on Eighth Avenue, between Twenty-first and Twenty-second Streets. Sept. 4, 1874, the congregation having increased in numbers, it purchased from H. D. Witmer a lot and building on the corner of Sixth Avenue and Fifth Street, for fifteen hundred dollars. This building was first con structed as a chapel, and used by a mission-school of the Second Methodists, afterwards converted into a dwelling, and when bought by the Brethren remod eled into a church, in which they now worship every alternate Sunday, services being generally conducted by Elders James A. Sell, Graybill Myers, Brice Sell, and David E. Sell, in rotation. The membership now is sixty-five. A Sunday-school, of which George W. Kephart, a deacon, is superintendent, and num bering about one hundred members, is attached to the church. St. John's Roman Catholic Church.— The first mass said in Altoona is believed to have been at the house of Mrs. Catharine Lynch. Prior to 1852 ser vices were of a transient nature, and held at the houses of the faithful few then living here. The early membership of this church was largely aug mented by those engaged in building the Pennsyl vania Railroad, so that the Catholic population rap idly increased.4 Services were held more frequently by Rev. John Welsh and others from neighboring stations. In 1852 the church in Altoona now known as St. John's was organized. Rev. John Walsh, de ceased, then in charge of St. Mary's Church, Holli daysburg, purchased (in 1852) two lots, upon which was erected a small frame building, but sufficiently large to accommodate the congregation, at that time not large. It was dedicated the following year, and the services of the church held therein. In fact, it was occupied long before it was finished. It was not seated for nearly two years later. The members were poor, and the church edifice progressed slowly both in * Among tbe early and pioneer members of St. John's may be named Mrs. Catharine Lynch, John Hatton, Sr., and his wife, Joseph and Miss Eliza Boone, Mrs. John P. Hodnett, Mr. and Mib. John Holton, Mr. and Mrs Thomas Lynch, Mr. and Mrs. Myles Doran, Thomas Farrell, Sr., and Petor Lee. CITY OF ALTOONA. 179 building and its interior finishing. Truly the early history of this church is one of small beginnings. As yet it had no resident pastor, and the venerable Father Bradley, pastor at Newry, attended regularly to the spiritual wants of the people for the greater part of 1853. In 1854, Rev. John Tuigg was installed as pastor of St. John's, the first resident priest. He was a most zealous worker in this vineyard ; self-sacrificing and practical, he tided the congregation through their early struggles, and left them a strong parish, with a large congregation and a commodious church. The brick addition, which had been built when the first frame building had become too small for the growing congregation, likewise soon became too cramped to accommodate it. It was then resolved to build anew. About the year 1871 the present capacious edifice was commenced, and the persevering efforts of the ener getic pastor (Father Tuigg), ably seconded by his faithful congregation, were rewarded in the comple tion of the structure in 1875. It was dedicated on June 24th, the feast of St. John, for whom the church was named, by the Right Rev. M. Domenec, the late bishop of the diocese. The church is tocated on Thirteenth Avenue, near Thirteenth Street. It is worthy of mention that the old pioneer frame church was entirely inclosed by the walls of the present edi fice, and that its use was continued until tbe very last, when it was torn down and passed by piecemeal through the large windows of the new church. The plans for the new church were drawn by James Bow man. The lamented Rev. John Walsh, who succeeded Father Tuigg in March, 1876, served as pastor until his death, in June, 1880. The present pastor, Rev. Thomas Ryan, was for a number of years in charge of the Gallitzin Church, in Cambria County. July 18, 1880, Rev. John Tuigg, bishop of the diocese of Pittsburgh, administered the sacrament of confirma tion at St. John's, at the close of which he installed Father Ryan as pastor of the church. His assistants were at first Revs. M. M. Sheedy and James A. Nash ; at the present time (Oct. 1, 1881) he has but one as sistant, Rev. T. Brierley. The present membership of St. John's is over four thousand. St. Mary's (Roman Catholic) Church.— This, the German Church of the Catholic faith in Altoona, was organized in 1860. It is impossible to present a full list of the original members, but among them were the following : George Street, T. W. Rauch (deceased), John Nagle, Francis Geoerger, Bernard Weissel, Francis X. Berloeb (deceased), Mangus and Fedalias Bender, Nicholas and Bernard Kurtz, Isadore Eger, Nicholas Oehringer (deceased), Lawrence Kimmell, Matthias Maintel (deceased), Kasimer Rigel, Casper Baumgartner, Michael Donner, Wolfgang Weiss, Jo seph Mayer (deceased), John Klein, Adam Klessius (deceased), Peter Schmidt, John Judith, Joseph Schell (deceased), Martin Martel, Conrad Bender (deceased), Mrs. Caroline Schenk, Joseph Stehle, Adam Gable (deceased), George Wachter, George Schmidt (deceased), Leonard Soller, etc. Prior to 1860 the German-speaking Catholics wor shiped with the English in St. John's Church, the former having at irregular intervals the ministra tions of the Benedictine Fathers Clemens, Manus, Wendelin, and others, in the German language, whenever they visited the place. In 1860, however, the German Catholics formed a separate congrega tion with a resident priest, Father Charles Schuller. He was succeeded in order by Fathers Michael Bierl, George Kircher, F. Rottensteiner, John Rosswog, and Fra. Deuermeyer. Rev. John A. Schell, the present pastor, took charge in 1871. The corner-stone of St. Mary's was laid in 1860, and the church was in course of erection until 1874, when Father Schell brought it to its present shape. Al though still unfinished, it has been in use by the con gregation almost from the first, and its early comple tion is intended. It is located on Fifth Avenue, corner of Fourteenth Street. The congregation is in a very flourishing condition, and numbers nearly two thousand. St. Mary's has a cemetery of its own, and there is a beneficial society connected with the church of over one hundred mem bers, of which Joseph Betzendroffer is president. Hebrew Synagogue. — The Hebrew congregation, " Ahabath Achim," was organized in May, 1873. Joseph Berkowitz was the first president, A. Sheeline treasurer, and S. Neuwahl secretary. The first rabbi was Rev. Mr. Goldman, who was followed in order by Revs. Grossman, Block, and Leasker. The present rabbi, Rev. S. Altman, was engaged in June, 1879. The present officers are Max Mayer, president ; A. Sheeline, secretary; Joseph Berkowitz, treasurer. Membership, twenty-five. The congregation has had no regular stated place of worship for any protracted period of time; at the present time its meetings are held weekly, and on the holidays, in a hall on the corner" of Eleventh Avenue and Fourteenth Street. A burying-ground on the Dry Gap road, close to the city, is owned and used by this congregation. Cemeteries. — The Fairview Cemetery originated with the Rev. Henry Baker, and the organization of the association, March 3, 1857, took place in the lecture-room of his church, he becoming its first president. The land was purchased of John Kough and James Trees, and embraces some twenty acres of elevated ground on the northern suburbs of the city. The first person buried in this city of the dead was Andrew McFarran, on March 17, 1857, since which date some two thousand six hundred or more have been interred. About two-thirds of the thirteen hundred and seventy-three family lots into which the tract is divided have been already sold. At first the graves were dug by Mr. Russell, afterwards by James Shellenberger, but since August, 1870, Robert Cox 180 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. has acted as superintendent. About six years ago water-pipes were laid to convey water to the ceme tery for the benefit of lot-holders, and a "receiving vault" has been erected on the grounds. N. W. Cunningham (now of Chicago) recently presented his mausoleum, erected at considerable cost, to the cemetery association. Although many works of art may be found here, one of the most prominent is the soldiers' monument, on account of the patriotic memories which cluster around it and its command ing location. The credit of furnishing most of the iron railings in this cemetery belongs .to James Simp son, of Huntingdon. The first officers were Rev. Henry Baker, president ; Rev. A. B. Clarke, George R. Everson, vice-presidents ; Theodore A. Stecker, sec retary ; J. B. Hileman, treasurer; G. W. Patton, M. Clabaugh, C. C. Mason, A. A. Smith, M. T. Dill, A. C. Vauclain, Austin McGraw, and John Hamilton, trustees. The officers elected in 1880 were A. F. Heess, president; H. C. Dern, A. H. Maxwell, vice- presidents; A. Clabaugh, secretary; A. Kipple, treasurer; A. C. Devlan, John P. Levan, J. Wagner, S. F. Reamey, J. Loudon, G. W. Kessler, G. W. Hawksworth, Sr., and J. W. Smith, trustees. The grounds and improvements are all paid for and free from incumbrance. Oak Ridge Cemetery was established in 1878 on the east side of the city. The association was incor porated December 16th of that year. The officers are Joseph Dysart, president ; Theodore H. Wigton, treasurer; H. B. Kendig, secretary; Joseph Dysart, George S. Eaby, John W. Cherry, Jonathan Fore man, John Boynes, G. T. Bell, and Richard J. Crozier are the managers. The grounds, nine acres, were purchased of the G. T. Bell farm, and are beautifully situated, overlooking Pleasant Valley, and presenting romantic views on every side. Eastern Light Cemetery dates from 1865, when John Ferguson, George Hooper, and John Alexander purchased a lot fronting on Tenth Street, east side, now adjoining Oak Ridge Cemetery, to be used as a burial-place for the colored people of the city. The first stockholders were the gentlemen above named and George M. Jackson, Henry Johnson, George Payne, and Allan Hurley. St. John's Cemetery, the Catholic burial-ground of the church of that name, was started in 1857. After one interment it was discovered that the location was undesirable and its size too limited. A second pur chase was made in 1858, at a cost of some four thou sand dollars. It is situated on the east side of the city, near the reservoir, with a frontage on First Avenue and Twelfth Street. St. Mary's Cemetery was established in 1879, and is the burial-place of the German Catholic congre gation. Its original cost was about two thousand dollars, and its location is near and east of St. John's Cemetery. The first interment in this ground is said to have been a small child of David Beck, in 1879. The Hebrew congregation have a cemetery upon the Dry Gap road, which is mentioned in the sketch of that religious body. Pennsylvania Railroad Shops.— The vast indus trial works of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company located in this city cover an area of one hundred and twenty-three acres and are in two bodies, locally known as the " upper" and " lower" shops. The locomotive-works are on the east side, opposite the depot. All the railway tracks at this point are fenced in, and the locomotive-shops are reached from the west over a foot-bridge at Twelfth Street. The forty- two acres occupied by the motive-power department is of triangular shape, lying between Ninth and Tenth Avenues. Here are located buildings having an aggregate frontage of two miles, all (excepting the paint-shop, car-shed, and the temporary wheel-foun dry) constructed of stone or brick, and occupied by machinery of the very best make. Consequently the work produced is of the highest standard, and is pro duced at the minimum cost. Everything is based on a system of betterments, on the theory of always im proving by correcting each discovered fault, with the always softght result of perfection. The following excellent description of the motive- works is from the pen of the " Summer Rambler," as published recently in the Philadelphia Ledger : " Let us go over the foot-bridge and take a look at the locomotive- shops. There are about forty-two acres covered by them ; there are three engine round-houses, the largest three hundred feet in diameter; two ereetingsbops, each three hundred and fifty feet long ; a machine- shop.four hundred and twenty-six feet long; and another house for gen eral purposes, three hundred and thirty-six feet long. To move the half- bnilt locomotives about and get easy transfer from one shop to the other, transfer-tables run at right angles to these shops, and in Buch manner as to communicate with tracks leading into all of them, these tables mov ing in a pit three hundred and fifty-six feet long. Railway tracks are liiid in all these shops, and communicate with these transfer-tables, while on the opposite side of the pit are boiler, flanging, tank, and wheel-shops and two blacksmith-shops, the largest being three hundred and forty-five by one hundred and twenty-six feet. Beyond this is a fouudry, two hundred and fifty by one hundred feet, a wheel-foundry, one hundred and thirty-nine feet long, and a brass-foundry, one hundred feet long, and the necessary adjuncts. It requires a building one hun dred and twenty-eight by twenty-six feet to store the charcoal, while the pattern-house measures one hundred by fifty feet. On the southern side of the iuclosure is the paint-shop, three hundred and forty-Bix feet long. "In these immense shops, which make up one of the greatest iron es tablishments in the country, the chief work is locomotive-building and repairs, but in addition a great amount of general iron-work is per formed, including; all the requirements of a first-class railway, except ing the original manufacture of iron and steel and the rolling ot plates, rails, and bats. All the switches, crossings, and signals are made here, car-wheels are cast, castings are made for the cars, btidges, and build ings, tools are made and repaired, machinery constructed, oils mixed and prepared, and telegraph instruments and appurtenances manufac tured. It is, in fact, as complete an iron and steel emporium and factory as can be devised for ull the purposes of a railway, and is the growth of over tliii ty years. The shops, too, have every essential that science and invention have deviBed for making good work, and to tell about them would fill a volume. " In the machine-shop is located, on the centre track, a great power crane, which can travel the whole length. The heavy machine-tools are located alongside the track, so that work of great weight is thus easily handled and transferred. Hydraulic elevators of large size nlao transfer work to the upper floor. A long planing-machiue planes the locomotive frames, while there are other plauing-machineB, vertical and CITY OF ALTOONA. 181 horizontal, milling -machines, and a slotting-machine, with any number of lathes, and adjoining a large tool-room where the smaller tools are made. ; '• In the hoiler-shop are great flanging forges, and smith's forges, with a crane to wait on them ; a tank-building department, with hoists rigged to overhead rails so that the tanks can be carried wherever thfy aro to be fastened to the tenders; and an erecting-roomtwitha steam riveting- machine and two big cranes to carry around the work, and also sets of bending rolls, punches, and shears. " In the erect) ng-shop the locomotive parts collected from the other shops are put together and the engine is here built. Overhead traveling cranes, capable of lifting twenty-five tons apiece, carry the work about, while beneath the floor pits extending the whole length of the building alongside the rails, on which the locomotives are set up. In these pits all the machinery of engines whose boilers are in repair in the boiler-shop is stored, while they also contain the pumps and other arrangements for the hydruulic test.of boilers. "In the great foundry all the locomotive, car, and general castings are made. It has two cupolas, each capable of melting ten tons of iron an hour, cars, on a little two-foot gauge railroad in the yard outside, supplying th^m with iron and fuel. There are blowing-engines to sup ply blast for these cupolas, and also those of the wheel-fouudry near by, and pumps to supply the lifts and other hydraulic machinery. The moulders have washing-troughs and bath-rooms, with all the con veniences for their comfort. "The pattern-shop is fitted up with lathes, circular- and scroll-saws, and planing machinery, and has a big store-house. "The brass-foundry has its melting furnaces arranged in a circle around the stack, which has radial flues connecting with each. Here all the car bearings are made in special moulding machines, the mate rial being phosphor-bronze. "The wheel-foundry is full of hydraulic cranes, each swinging around a circle about thirteen feet in diameter, around which is placed a dozen moulding flasks. A big ladle holding about ten tons of molten iron sup plies small ladles, which travel all around this foundry aud All the moulding flasks, while two cupolas melt tbe iron. Adjoining is an an nealing-room, containing forty-five pits, arranged in two circles, one within the other, where the wheels are annealed, each pit holding about twenty wheels. The wheels stay in these pits four or five days. This wheel-foundry, employing over a hundred men, who cast about two hun dred wheels a day, uses tip in the operation about twenty-five tons of iron. A peculiarity of this work is the fact that although the moulds are all made alike, yet the wheels vary in size sometimes a half-inch in the circumference, due to the variation in the hardness of the iron. Pairing them by measure with a brass tape is therefore necessary, the diameter being stenciled upon them. "There is a vise-shop for finishing work, and a tube-shop, where boiler-tubes are welded and tested. " The larger blacksmith shop contains twenty-five double forges and seven stetini-hammers, two of them five thousand pounds each,1 while the smaller shop has twenty double forges and three steam-hammers, and in an annex, devoted exclusively to making locomotive springs, there are four forges. In the locomotive wheel-house the tires are forced on the wheels and the wheels on the axles by hydraulic pressure, sometimes running as high as eighty tons. "In the psunt-Bhop the locomotives are taken in at one end and grad ually moved to the other as the work advances, being taken out finished at the western exit. They are all paiDted very dark green, the freight engines relieved by yellow lines and the passenger engines by gold lines. "There are buildings for compressing and storing the gas burned in the pawscngcr-cars. " At the east end of the shops is the round-house, where the locomo tives coming from Harrisburg go. It was built in 1881 in the form of a half-circle. It contains thirty radiating tracks converging to a turn table fifty feet in diameter. As soon as the engines come into the house they are inspected, and small repairs are made. The central round house, which is near the transfer- table at the centre of the shops, has twenty-Bix radiating tracks, and is used in the repairing and construct ing of engines brought from the machine-shop. The third rouud-house, at the western end of the shops, is the largest, and accommodates the locomotives coming from Pittsburgh. It has forty-four radiating tracks. These shops are provided with fire patrol and watch, lavatories, etc. "There is also a department for physical and chemical tests of all 1 This shop has a floor area of twenty-three thousand two hundred and eighty feet, and George Hawksworth has been its foreman ever since 1852. materials as well as finished work, the operations of which are of much interest. Resistance to all sorts of strains is here tested, also resistance to breakage and to tension in the case of iron bars. In testing the axles a drop weighing fourteen hundred and sixty pounds, falling twenty-five feet, gives five blows on a passenger-car axle, two blows at fifteen feet fall and three at ten feet, the axle being turned half round after every blow. To make this test one axle is taken at random out of every lot of one hundred, and if it withstands the test, they are all accepted; if not, they are all rejected. Lubricants are also tested by trying them on a journal runuing from three hundred to one thousand revolutions a minute, and having over it brass bearings weighted up to four tons. A pendulum and thermometer note the result. The oils are also tested for gravity and inflammability, 300° being the lowest that will be passed. This department also tests the value of various kinds of coal, the paints, the zinc and sulphate of copper used in the telegraphing service, and also the air taken from passenger-cars bo as to improve their ventila tion. "These locomotive-shops employ about two thousand three hundred men, and can turn out a hundred locomotives a year, besides repairing as many more. They built eighty-five new locomotives last year." The general average life of a locomotive, so to speak, is about fifteen years. A new class of engines has recently been adopted by the company, known as Class K, several of which are now in use. They are very large and powerful, with drivers sixty-eight inches in diameter and nineteen by twenty-four inch cylinders. These are being constructed with a view to combine rapid transit with perfect safety. The Car Department, or Lower Shops.— On the west side of the railroad track, in the northern suburbs of the city, is located the yard inclosing the immense round-house and the construction and re pair car-shops. They cover over seventy-six acres. In the round-house, a forty-side polygon, freight-cars are built and repaired. It is four hundred and thirty feet in diameter, and has forty radiating tracks, con verging at a central turn-table. Freight-cars to the number of one hundred and fourteen can be erected at one time, and five hundred new cars turned out in a mouth, or two thousand cars repaired in the same space of time. Over three hundred skilled workmen are here employed. In the passenger-car erecti ng-shop, which is two hundred and ten by one hundred and thirty-three feet in size, twenty cars can be building at the same time, and an average of one new car turned out per day. It has five lines of rails. From one hun dred to one hundred and twenty-five hands are here employed. Here passenger-, parlor-, hotel-, and sleeping-cars are made, of the latter very many since 1877 (when the " Passaic" was built) for the Pullman Company. The planing-mill, the largest and most complete in the United States, being two hundred and twenty- two by seventy-three feet, contains nearly all the wood-working machines, which cut up about twenty- five million feet of lumber per annum. This ma chinery is driven by a two hundred and fifty horse power Corliss engine, and six immense boilers supply the steam. The tenon-machines were invented by Isaac Dripps, former superintendent of the motive- power department. About eighty to one hundred .men are employed. The saw-dust and shavings are 182 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. carried off in galvanized iron ropes to tubes running the whole length of the building, from whence it is conveyed to the shaving-towers and furnishes fuel for the boilers. Messrs. Latimer & Davis, of Philadel phia, are the inventors of these dust-conductors. The blacksmith-shop is three hundred and fifty- eight by seventy-three feet, aud here about one hun dred and sixty men are employed. It contains thirty- four double forges, besides furnaces for heating bolts and springs, the blast for the fires being supplied by a noiseless blower; consumes some four hundred tons of iron per month, most of which is furnished by the Altoona Iron-Works, the Logan Iron and Steel Com pany, Henry Johnson, of Hollidaysburg, etc. The cabinet-shop is three hundred and two by seventy-three feet, and here all the cabinet-work, whether in oak, ash, poplar, maple, walnut, cherry, rosewood, or mahogany, is made. In the tin-shop, fifty by seventy feet, are engaged from fourteen to thirty workmen in constructing roofs of passenger- and palace-cars, and lamps, water- filters, etc., for car service. In the machine-shop are sixty machines of vari ous kinds, employed in preparing axles, boring out wheels, cutting bolts, etc. The room is one hundred and thirty-five by seventy feet, and about seventy men are employed. Fifty axles and two hundred and fifty wheels per day can be turned out. James Sharp has been the foreman of this department for nine years, or ever since the lower shops were built, and he was employed long prior in the motive-power department. The car-painting and upholstering shops are in a building three hundred and sixty-three by seventy- three feet in size, with four lines of rails, which will accommodate twenty-eight cars at one time. About one hundred and fifty painters and twenty uphol sterers are usually employed. The upholstery stock room stores materials varying from ten thousand to twenty-five thousand dollars. There is a timber-drying house, sixty-five by thirty feet, steam-heated, where about one ' hundred and twenty thousand feet of timber monthly are dried. The lumber-yard covers twelve acres, and contains all varieties of wood to the usual amount of about ten million feet.1 A large yard is used for storing wheels and axles. There is also a fire-engine house, and a regularly organized fire brigade among the workmen, and the appliances at their command are not only the water-plugs, hydrants, and hose distrib uted throughout the vast establishment, but (as men tioned under the head of the "Fire Department") a steam fire-engine and two hose-carriages. The Superintending Officials.— The various general superintendents have been as follows : Her man Haupt, 1851 ; H.J. Lombaert, 1852-57; Thomas . 1 Yellow-pine from Georgia is used for floors, and Michigan white- pine for the roofs of freight-cars. " A. Scott, 1858-60; Enoch Lewis, 1861-65; E. H. Williams, 1866-69; A. J. Cassatt, 1870-71; G. Clin ton Gardner, 1872-78; Charles E. Pugh, 1879 to present time. The line of succession in the superintendency of the motive-power department has been as follows: Enoch Lewis, second assistant superintendent, in charge of the motive-power, 1852-56 ; Alexander McCausland, master of machinery, 1857 ; George W. Grier, master of machinery, 1858-62; J. P. Laird, superintendent of motive-power and machinery, June 15, 1862, to July, 1866 ; R. E. Ricker, superintendent of motive-power and machinery, July, 1866, to Oct. 15, 1867; A. J. Cassatt, superintendent of motive- power and machinery, November, 1867, to April, 1870; Isaac Dripps, superintendent of motive-power, April 1, 1870, to 1872; G. Clinton Gardner', superin tendent of motive-power, 1872 ; Frank Thomson, superintendent of motive-power, March 1, 1873, to July, 1874; Theodore N. Ely, superintendent of motive-power, appointed July 1, 1874, and present incumbent. Thomas J. Maitland is chief clerk to the general superintendent, and Benjamin F.Custer to thesuperin- tendent of motive-power. In the former department are Robert E. Pettit, principal assistant engineer ; J. C. Wilson, electrician ; and John R. Bingaman, chief clerk maintenance of way. In the latter department, besides those before mentioned, are the following as sistants: Joseph Wood, assistant engineer; J. B. Collin, mechanical engineer; George W. Strattan, master-mechanic; F. D. Cassanave, assistant master- mechanic ; Dr. C. B. Dudley, chemist; and John W. Cloud, engineer of tests. Foremen in Motive-Power Shops. — W. B. Ford, erect- ing-shop; Peter Moore, lathe-shop; Ludwig Kiefer, vise- shop ; George Rosenberger, carpenter-shop ; George F. McNoldy, cab-shop ; Joseph Nixon, boiler-shop ; C. W. Mason, paint-shop; W. T. Miller, wheel-shop; A. H. Maxwell, iron-foundry ; George Hawkswortb, smith-shop; C. N. Pimlott, tin-shop; Jacob Cain, telegraph-shop ; W. H. Jackson, round-house, No. 1 ; George W. Arthur, round-house, No. 3; Samuel Abrahims, pattern-shop; Thomas Baxter, brass- foundry ; Jacob N. Barr, wheel-foundry ; A. C. Mc Cartney, coal-wharf. Foremen in (Lower) Car-Shops. — Under John P. Levan, the general foreman, who has filled the posi tion for several years, are the following departmental foremen: Andrew Kipple, freight-car-shop; Levi Geesey, passenger-car-shop ; John L. Burley, cabinet- shop; James Sharp, machine-shop; C. C. Mason, trimming-shop; Harry A. Folk, smith-shop ; Walter K. Beatty, planing-mill No. 1; George L. Freet, planing-mill No. 2; Fredererick S. Ball, paint-shop; Richard Rowan, house- painters; Adam B. Hamilton, tin-shop ; Chambers E. Springer, lumber-yard; Daniel Houseman, outside laborers; Thomas Myers, gas-fit ters; John W. Colyer, bricklayers. NORTH WOODBERRY TOWNSHIP. 183 Col. John Piper, since deceased, was the first gen eral foreman of the lower shops. John P. Levan, the present incumbent of the position, served his appren ticeship under the colonel. Alexander Smith, who came about 1853, was the first foreman of the boiler department. Some ten years since he removed to Oil City, Pa. Andrew Vauclain, Sr., is a pioneer foreman of the first round-house, then a small affair to what it is at present. He is now employed in the erecting-shop, a veteran in the service of the company. John Roberts was the first foreman of the middle (No. 2) round-house. George Hawksworth became, in 1852, foreman of the small blacksmith-shop, which at first had less than a half-dozen fires. He was the first foreman of the first blacksmith-shop established by the company at Harrisburg, where he ironed the first cars built by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, and put the iron bands upon the wooden-wheeled locomotives, the first used upon the road. He subsequently worked in the Mifflin shops, whence he came to Altoona ; now, in 1881, he is the generally beloved and veteran foreman of the immense blacksmith-shop of the locomotive- works. Archibald Maxwell was the first foreman of the brass-foundry, a position he still fills. He came from Harrisburg in 1854. Charles C. Mason was the first and is the present foreman of the trimming-shop at the lower works. There are other veteran workmen, some numbered with the dead, others busy with the living in this vast industrial hive, worthy of mention, had we the space. Engine Record in the Motive-Power Office. — " In Mr. Ely's office in this city there is an immense board covered with little pins, upon which hang small, round, colored disks, from the under part of which has been cut a small portion. These pegs and disks are numbered from 1 to 1250, each number correspond ing with an engine. On one part of the board the pegs are numbered consecutively. Looking at this part for any particular engine that may be desired, on the disk will be found ' Ptgh.,' ' N. Y.' or ' P.,' etc. This refers to the division where the engine is. Look ing to that division on the board, and finding the number of the engine, another little disk, by means of its color, will tell you just what condition the en gine is in. If the disk is all white, the engine is in perfect order. If the disk is bordered by a red line, the engine needs only such slight repairs as may be made without withdrawing it from the service. If the disk is covered one-half with red, repairs are re quired of a very slight nature, but for which the en gine must proceed to the shop. If the entire disk is pale gray, repairs of a more important character are needed, though still deemed slight. A disk entirely blue denotes a machine that needs very substantial repairs. One-half black and half white indicates the machine is being built over. A disk all black de notes an engine unfit, save to be cut up or sold. This record is changed every week, and is so complete as to enable any one to see at a glance just the condition of the motive-power. Repairs are never undertaken if they will cost over three thousand dollars. For that a new standard boiler can be built, and unless an engine is of the standard pattern, she is never built over, for the company does not wish to per petuate odd engines, and to pay more than three thousand dollars would not be so economical as to pay interest on the value of a new machine. Here, again, true economy steps in to change the practice of blind conservatism.'' The magnitude of these shops will hardly be com prehended by the statement that they are the largest of their kind in the world. It is necessary to see these busy shops running at their full capacity to realize their extent and capabilities. During last year (1880) these shops built eighty-five new loco motives, one hundred and six passenger-cars, and three thousand seven hundred and eighty-one freight- cars. The nearly five thousand men employed in these car-shops easily represents a population of from fifteen thousand to eighteen thousand, or fully three-fourths of the inhabitants of the city. A large proportion of the remainder are indirectly supported by this interest, so that Altoona is known, not locally only but far and wide as a railroad town. CHAPTER XXII. NORTH WOODBERRY TOWNSHIP. This township is the southeastern division of Blair County. From the extinguishment of the Indian title to lands in this region in 1758 to the time of the formation of Bedford County in 1771, this bit of the vast domain of the commonwealth was included within the boundaries of Cumberland, and from the latter year until the erection of Blair in 1846 it formed part of Bedford. In 1855 a considerable por tion was detached to form the present township of Taylor. Hence, as now organized, North Woodberry is bounded on the north by Huston township, east by Huntingdon and Bedford Counties, south by Bedford County, and west by the latter county and Taylor township. With Tussey's Mountain on the east, it embraces a portion of the beautiful and fertile region known as the Great or Morrison's Cove. Martinsburg borough is situated in the northwest part. About three miles east of Martinsburg, near Clover Creek, is the small village of Fredericksburg, otherwise known as Clover Creek post-office, southward from the latter place the hamlet known as Millerstown, and in the southeastern part of the township is Henrietta, also a post-office 184 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. station, and the terminus of the Morrison's Cove Branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad. In 1880, not including Martinsburg, the total num ber of inhabitants was 1695, of which number 367 paid taxes; assessed value of all real estate same time, $375,180; aggregate amount of county tax as sessed, at the rate of eight mills on the dollar, $3191.90. Iron ore abounds in many localities. Fine farms and farm buildings are seen on every side, and many evidences of prosperity and contentment prevail. Its only considerable water-course, Clover Creek, flows northerly through the eastern part, and in doing so turns the wheels of several grist- and saw-mills. About 1755 a colony of Dunkards, otherwise known as German Baptists, began to settle in the southern portion of the Cove; they gradually worked their way northward, until many of them became residents of the present township of North Woodberry, Taylor, and Huston, and numbers of their descendants hold possession to this day. Early History, etc. — It is an historical fact that the Great Cove,1 now known as Morrison's, which commences at Pattonsville, in Bedford County, and ends at Williamsburg, on the Frankstown Branch of the Juniata, bounded by Dunning's and Lock Mountains on the west, and Tussey's Mountain on the the east, was settled by Scotch-Irish as early as 1749 ; but these lands were yet owned by the Indians, and in answer to their prayers the bold squatters were expelled by officials representing the Penn family. Nothing daunted, however, many of them returned soon after and continued their improvements. Yet the northern, or Blair County portion of the cove, though, was almost unexplored until the Penns made the new purchase in 1754. " During the Indian wars of 1762 quite a number of murders were committed in the Cove, and many captives taken, but the particulars are too vague for history. . . . During the Great Cove massacre, among others carried off was the family of John Martin. This incursion was indeed a most formid able one, led by the Kings Shingas and Beaver in person. How many were killed there is no living witness to tell, neither can we conjecture the number of prisoners taken. The following petition was sent to Council : '"AUODST13, 17(12. "'The Humble Potition of Tour Most Obedient Servant Sheweth, Sir, may it pleas Your Excellancy, Hearing me in Your Clemanry a few Words. I, One of the Bereaved of my Wife and five Children hy Savage War at the Captivity of the Great Cove, after Many A Long Journeys, I Lately went to an Indian Town, viz., Tuskaroways, 150 miles Beyond Fort Pitts, *; Bntrested in Co1 Bncquits & Co' Croghan's favor, So fir as to bear their Letters to King Beaver & Cap« Shingas. Desiring them to Give up One of my Daughters, if Alive, Among them, and altor See ing my Daughter with Shingas he refused to Give her up, and after some Expostulating with him, but all in vain, he promised to Deliver her up with the Other Captives to yr Excellency. 1 The name of tho cove was changed from the Great Cove to Morri son's as early as 1770. "' Sir, yr Excellency's Most Humble Serv*, Humbly & Passionately Beseeches Yr Beninger Compassion to Interpose Yr Excellencies Benefi cent in favor of Y" Excellencies Most Obedient * Dutiful Serv'. " ' John Martin.' " After the march of Gen. Forbes from Raystown, and immediately preceding it, no Indian depredations were committed in the Cove up to the commence ment of hostilities between the colonies and Great Britain. The Indians in the French interest were constantly on the alert, and their spies prowling on the outskirts did not fail to report at headquarters the arrival at Raystown of Col. Boquet and his army, the formidable bearing and arms of which convinced the savages that it was prudent to keep within the bounds of the French power. " Thomas Smith and George Woods, both, we be lieve, justices of the peace at the time, wrote to Pres ident Wharton as follows : " ' November 27, 1777. "'Gentlemen, — The present situation of this country is so truly de plorable that we should be inexcusable if we delayed a moment in ac quainting you with it. An Indian war is now raging around ns in its utmost fury. Before you went down they killed one man at Stony Creek; since that time they have killed five on the mountain over against the heads of Dunning's Creek:, killed or taken three at the Three Springs, wounded one and killed some children at Frankstown, and had they not providentially been discovered in the night and a party gone out and fired on them, they would in all probability have destroyed a great part of that settlement in a few hours. A small party went out into Morrison's Cove scouting, and unfortunately divided; the Indians discovered one division, and out of eight killed seven and wounded the other. In short, a day hardly passes without our hearing of some new murder, and if the people continue only a week longer to fly aB they have done for a week past Cumberland County will be a frontier. From Morrison's, Crayl's, and Friend's Coves, Dunning's Creek, and one-half of the Glades they are fled or forted, and, for all the defense that can be made here, the Indians may do almost what they please. We keep out ranging parties, in which we go out by turns; but all that we can do in that way is but weak and ineffectual for our defense, because one-half of the people are fled. Those that remain are too busily employed in putting their families and the little of their effects that they can save and take into some place of safety, so that the whole burden falls upon a few of the frontier inhabitants, for those who are at a distance from dan ger have not as yet offered us any assistance. We are far from blaming the officers of the militia, because they have not ordered them out, for if they had, they really can be of little or no service, not only for the fore going reasons, but also for these: Not one man in ten of them is armed. If they were armed, you are sensible, take the country through, there is not one fourth man that is fit to go against Indians, and it might often happen that in a whole class there mightnotbeasingle person who is acquainted with the Indians' ways of the woods; and if there should be a few good men and tbe rest unfit for that service, those who are fit to take the Indians in their own could not act with the same resolution and spirit as if they were sure of being properly supported by men like themselves. The consequences would be that the Indians, after gaining an advantage over them, would become much more daring and fearless and drive all before them. A small number of select men would be of more real service to guard the frontiers than six times that number of people unused to arms or the woods. It is not for us to dictate what steps ought to be taken, but some steps ought to be taken without the loss of an hour. The safety of your country, of your families, of your property will, we are convinced, urge you to do everything in your power to put the frontiers in some state of defense. Suppose there were orders given to raise about one hundred Rangers under the command of spirited officers, who were well acquainted with the woods and thelndians and could take them in their own way. They could be raised instantly, and we are informed there are a great number of rifles lying in Carlisle useless, although the back country is suffering for the want of arms. It was a fatal step that was taken last winter in leaving so many guns when the militia came from camp; about this place especially, and all the country near it they are remarkably distressed for the want of guns, for when the men were raised for the army you know we procured every NORTH WOODBERRY TOWNSHIP. 185 gun that we could for their use. The country reflects hard on us now for our assiduity on those occasions as it now deprives them of the means of defense. But this is not the only instance in which we hear reflections which are not deserved. The safety of our country then loudly called on us to send all the arms to the camp that could be pro cured, audit now as loudly callB on us to entreat that we may henlluwod some as soon as possible, as also some ammunition, as that which was intrusted to our care is now almoBt delivered out to the officers who are fortifying, and what remains of it is not fit for rifles. We need not re peat our entreaties that whatever is done may be done as soon as possible, as a day's delay may be the destruction of hundred. "'We are, in haste, gentlemen, " ' Your most obedient humble servants, " ' George Woods, "'Thomas Smith. " ' Bedford, Nov. 27, 1777.' " In May, 1781, a band of marauding savages en tered the cove and murdered a man, woman, and two children, and took one man prisoner within a mile of the fort of John Piper, who was then colonel of the county. At another time several other prisoners were taken. It has also been related to us that during one of these Indian forays a man named Houser and his son were killed, and two children of the same family carried away into captivity. The two first mentioned were buried on the farm of David Rice, in the present township of Taylor. Soon after the close of the Revolutionary war, and the consequent cessation of Indian depredations, bona fide settlers swarmed into the cove, and it is to be pre sumed that prior to 1790 all desirable lands had passed to individual ownership. The lapse of many years and the great dearth of authentic data, however, renders it an impossible matter at this late date to particularize the names, deeds, etc., of the original white occupants. We are quite certain though that among those who were here prior to the beginning of the century now passing, or very soon thereafter, were the Allbrights, Allenbaughs, Blakes, Burkets, Briden- thals, Bowers, Brumbaughs, Benners, Bulgers, Cowans, Camerers, Conrads, Dillingers, Deeters, Eversoles, Emricks, Flenners, Faulkners, Grabills, Gensingers, Hoovers, Holsingers, Knees, Lowers, Looses, Longe- neckers, Martins, Metzkers, Myerses, Moores, Nico- demuses, Nisewangers, Oungsts, Puderbaughs, Rhodes, Roemers, Strayers, Shoenfelts, Stoners, Skyleses, Stouf- flers, Stoudenours, Smiths, Shifflers, Stonerooks, Tet- willers,1 Winelands, and Zooks, besides many others, whose family names, doubtless, will be mentioned in various connections farther on in these pages. 1 A remarkable early resident of the cove also is John Detwiller, who lives just northeast of Martinsburg. He was born in Lancaster County, Pa., Sept. 25, 1789. His father finally removed to Franklin County, Pa., from whence John came to the cove in 1811. He was a shoemaker, and, as was usual in those days, worked at his trade from " house to house." He tired of shoemaking, he tells us, and became a cooper, at which he was quite successful, earning enough money in a few years to buy a small farm. After various changes in location by selling aud buying farms, he located on the premises now occupied in 1868. He has been a successful hunter. He killed seven bears on the Tussey's Mountain, and deer and turkeys without number. He married a Miss Elizabeth Snowberger in 1815, and of six children born to them four survive. Samuel, his youngest son, is a grandfather. The name is written vari ously as Tetwiller and Detwiller. During the war of 1812-15, Capt. Bridenthal led a company which was recruited in the cove to the Canadian frontier, yet, by reason of their conserva tism, their peculiar religious tenets and customs, and the present appearance of their surroundings, it may readily be inferred that during all the seventy-five years of their existence as residents of Bedford County, a large majority of the people of North Woodberry township led the same quiet, uneventful lives which they seem to do to-day. They succes sively arrived at years of maturity, married, repro duced their kind, attended most assiduously to the routine work incident to the seasons, and then, hav ing lived out the period allotted to them on this earth, were as successively deposited beneath the mould of the valley, and their places at once filled by surviving members of the same families, younger, it is true, but almost exact prototypes of those who had gone before. By the erection of Blair County in 1846, North Woodberry, including the greater portion of the present township of Taylor, was detached from Bed ford County to form part of the first-named civil di vision. The residents of the township then assessed for taxes were named as follows : James Anderson, George Allbright, David Ailbright, Henry Armstrong, Andrew Ailenbaugh, Samuel Allbright, John Allbright, David Bower, John Belch, Burdine Blake, William Bluke, George Beech, Richard Bryan, Henry Brennaman, John Brennaman, Jr., John Brennaman's2 heirs, Jacob Brennaman, Adam Burket (of John), John Boyers, David Bridenthal, Henry Bridenthal, Jr., Findley Bridenthal, Matthew Bridenthal, John Boyers, Jr., Martin Bowers, David Boyers, Isaac Bowers, Daniel Bowers, John Bowers, Christian Burket, Abraham Bowers, Joseph Bartlebaugh, William Baker, David Burket (of J.), John Burket, David Burket (of G.), John Burket, Jr., George Burket, George Brumbaugh (of S.), Abraham Burket, Joseph Burket, David S. Burge, Peter Benner, John Ben-' ner, Joseph Boyers, Benjamin Berg, Adam BurkHt, Isaac Burket, Henry Burket, John Burley, Benjamin Burley, Thomas Burns, James Blake, Jr., John Bowers (of H.), Frederick Bobb, Michael Berry, Jacob Burket, Samuel Bulger, Isaac Bowers, Jr., Susan Bowers, Widow Brennaman, Joseph Clapper, John & James Cam erer, Alexander Clark, Honry Conrad, Benjamin Cox, Samuel Carl, Seth Clark, Jacob Carl, Edward Cowan, Sr., David Cowan's heirs,8 Jacob Cowan, Jr., E. B. Cowan, Jacob Cowan, J. Cowan, J. Carper, G. Croft, Widow Croft, J. B. Castner, G. L. Cowan, J. Croft, A. Carl, William Chamberlain, Lewis Camerer, John Conrad, Jacob Conrad, Michael Cody, John Davis, C. Dillinger (heirs), George Dillinger, Henry Dillinger, John Dasher, Samuel Dougherty, David Daniels, Joseph Dougherty, Daniel Deeter, David Deeter, Samuel Davis, Patrick Dougherty, Henry Dougherty, Dauiel Dick, Boston Dean, Daniel Deal, JameB Dougherty, Jacob Dougherty, George Douglass, Abel Davis, Uriah Dowling, Henry Drollinger, Daniel Diehl, David Dickey, Caleb Dunlap, Henry Dasher, Christian Emeigh, Jacob Eversole, Reuben Eshelman, Jacob Emerick, David Erb, Joseph Flough, Matthew Feishter, Adam Flenner, Adam Frederick, John Falkender, Esq., John Ferguson, Ludwig Foy, Nelson Farquhar, Thomas Ferrell, N. Foy, Samuel Frederick, John Frederick, Jacob Flicker, John Faulkner, Michael Frederick, William Faulkner, Francis Fisher, Adam Foltz, George Flick, Edwin Fallon, Michael Fox, Michael Grabill,4 John Getty, Joseph Gates, Henry Gates, Casper Gander. Dauiel Glass, Shem Grabill, Nicholas Gruber, John Grabill, Joel Grabill, Joseph Grabill, John Grove, Peter Grove, Pat rick Gartland, Jno. Garber, Widow Gartland, Sol. Glass, D. Glass, Sr., Matthias Glass, Dan'l Gensinger, Sr., L. Geusinger, H. Gensinger,D. 8 Owned a woolen-factory. 4 Owned a plaster-mill. 3 Owned a saw-mill. 186 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Gensinger, Daniel Garber, Johu Gates, Henry Gates, Geo. W. Gray, Adam Gensinger, John Gensinger, Jacob GenBinger, Samuel Gen singer, Henry Garringer, Martin Hoover,1 John Hoover, Daniel Holsinger, William Hamilton, John Hanley, Jacob Hoover, George W. Hoover, John Hamilton, Joshua Hooper, Jacob Hamilton, Au gustus Hoffman, Bart. Hartman, Samuel Haffly, David Holsinger, George Ham, John Hartle, David Hoover, Jacob Hoover (of J.), Sam uel Hoover, S. G. Hay, Jacob Hanly, Jonathan Hoover, Gabriel Isen- berger, Philip Knee, "William Kissel, John Kelyen, Bobert Kenney, Saffron Keak, H. Kaufman, John Kemp, John Ling, Jacob Lantz, Widow Lower, Edward Lower, John Lower, John Layman^ Daniel Long, Widow Law, William Loose, Jacob Longenecker, John Loose, John W. Mateer, John Martin, James Matthews, David Metzler, Jacob Marks, William McGregor, William McNea, Peter Morningstar, Jos. Mateer, Daniel Metzker, Isaac Metzker, Jacob Martin, Jacob Mock, John Mock, Sr., John Mock, Jr., David Martin, Samuel Myers (forgeman), George Myers, Andrew Miller, Peter Marker, James McMahon, John Marker, Lawrence Matthews, Christian Masters, J. W. Miller, G. Metzker, H. W. Moore, Saml. Moyers, Jacoh Miller, John Manning, John McQuig, James McCleary, John Morgan, David Nicodemus, Henry Nicodemus, Henry Nisewanger, Jeremiah Ne- terer, George Nicodemus, Frederick Nicodemus, John Nicodemus,2 Martin Oungst, Henry Paichtel, Daniel Paichtel, Edward Pearson, Jacob Puterbaugh, Lewis Plitt, Michael Pote, David Rhodes, Abra ham Rhodes, Frederick Rhodes, Daniel Rhodes, Sr., John Rhodes, Benjamin Rouch, Thomas Rittz, Casper Reesy, Daniel Rhodes, Jr., Stephen Richardson, Abraham Rock, Thomas Rody, Jacob Reech, Thomas Rowland, Isaac Rhodes, Patrick Rody, William Roemer, F. A. Rupley, Casper Ross, Kephart Ross, Samuel Strayer, Samuel Shriver, John Soyster, Jr., Samuel Stoner, John Shoenfelt, Jacob Stoner, John Smouse, John Stoner, Abraham Stoner, Jr., John Stoner, Jr., Benjamin Sias, Abraham Stonor, Sr., David Schell, Jacob Smouse, John Cheets, George Shiffler, John Skyles, Esq., H. Shoen felt, George Shank, John Shiffler, David Stroup, John Shelly, Daniel Soyster, Daniel Stouffler, John Stonerook, John Stroudenour, John Z. Smith, Jesse Shiftier, Bernard Stroup, Samuel Shiftier, Jacob Shiffler, Sr., Christian Smaltz, Abraham Shaffer, George B. Spang,8 John Smith (forgeman), David Smith, John Strayer, Jacob E. Stoner, John Soyster, Robert Simmonds, Christian Stonerook, Snyder & Shoemaker, Michael Smouse, John Smith, Jacob Smith, Joseph Smeltzer, George Smith, William Swires, Dr. Peter Shoenberger,* George Sohn, Hugh Sweeny, John Shoeman, Charles Tipper, John Triesh, Peter Tetwiller, Michael Tiernan, Samuel Tries, John Tate, Sr., John Tate, Jr., George G. Tate, William Tries, Vance, David Wineland, William Winebrenner, H. Weaver, Isaac White head (B. S.), Thomas Withers, Samuel Walter, Joseph Wareham, Jacob Weutz, Samuel Whistler, Joseph Wineland, Isaac White head, Jacob Young, Adam Young, Baltzer Young, Abraham Zim merman, Peter Zimmerman, Jacoh Zook, John Zook, Samuel Zim merman. Single Freemen.— Peter Allison, Charles Ayers, Lewis Ake, Frederick G. Boyer, David Cowan {of E.), David Cowan (miller), Abraham Deeter, Ennis Drollinger, Jacob Deeter, Daniel Falkner, Daniel Falkner (of William), David Falkner, Henry Fox, S. Flock, John Grabill, Wil liam Glass, John Hooper, Isaac Hooper, John Hartle, Peter Hartle, Joseph Kauffman, Adolph Kohn, H. Lower, Jacob Layman, Johu Lay, Edward Mathews, Samuel Miller, John Metzker, John Miller, Robert McKillip, James Miller, Johu Moyers, Lemuel Miller, George Manning, George Metz, Frederick Mouse, Christian Metzker, S. Messencope, Frederick Notewang, Levi Neterer, Jacob Nicodemus, John Rhodes, Michael Rittz, Laird Ross, Abraham Stoner, Jacob Stoner, George Shiffler, Paul Shiffler, Robert Stroup, John Stroup, Jacob Shiffler, John Sias, Henry Sheels, David Stonerook, Henry Stonerook, Christian Stoner (of C), John Weaver. VARIOUS TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. (Elected since the organization of Blair County.) 1847.— John Buyers, constable; Bernard Stroup, Adam Burket, school directors; J. L. Dougherty, auditor; John Stroudenour, John P. Hoover, overseers of the poor ; H. W. Moore, assessor. 1 Owned a clover-mill. 2 Owned saw- and grist-mills situated on Clover Creek. 8 Owned grist- and saw-mills at Roaring Springs. A man named Ul lery was prior owner of same. 4 Owned three forges (Maria Forges), one grist-mill, one saw-mill, six cows, twenty-two horses, twenty-four mules, and several thousand acres of land. 1848. — John G. Boyers, constable ; John Haltner, Daniel Dick, super visors; Hugh W. Moore, assessor; A. Stoner (of John), William Grabill, school directors; J. Burget, auditor. 1849. — Jacob Shultz, assessor; J. G. Boyers, constable; A. Allenbaugh, John Falkner, supervisors; John SkyleB, auditor; R. Bryan, J. Burget, school directors. 1850. — Jobn Skyles, justice of the peace; George L. Cowan, assessor; J. L. Dougherty, auditor ; A. Allenbaugh, John Faulkner, supervisors; Samuel Shriver, Adam Burget, school directors. 1851. — J. L. Dougherty, justice of the peace ; H. W. Moore, assessor and constable; A. Allenbaugh, John Faulkender, supervisors; John G. Boyers, J. L. Martin, school directors. 1852. — H.W. Moore, assessor; John Kuhn, constable; Henry Dillinger, David Rhodes, supervisors; David Wineland, John Lower, school directors ; John Skyles, John G. Boyers, auditors. 1853.— Hugh W. Moore, assessor ; Isaac Kensinger, justice of the peace ; John Kuhn, constable; George Dilling, Peter Benner, supervisors; John Kensinger, Samuel Whistler, school directors; J.W.Hoover, auditor. 1854. — H. W. Moore, assessor; Peter Benner, F. Nicodemus, supervisors; John M. Burket, John G. Boyers, school directors ; J. L. Dougherty, auditor. 1855. — Henry Burket, assessor; John C. Smith, William Mclnney, supervisois; Christian Stoner, Henry Shinefelt, school directors; Jobn Stonerook, auditor. 1856. — John W. Hoover, assessor; Frederick Nicodemus, Jacob Eversole, supervisors; George Dilling, David Wineland, Isaac RhodeB, school directors; Daniel Brown, auditor. 1857. — John Kuhn, constable ; no record of other officers, 1858. — Jacob Hoover, assessor; Adam Burket, Daniel Rhodes, supervi sors; Theo. Snyder, A. J. Crissman, Adam Burket, school directors; William Faulkner, auditor. 1859. — David Wineland, assessor; Adam Burket, Daniel Rhodes, super visors; Jacob Hoover, Samuel Shriver, school directors; Henry Burket, auditor, 1860. — J. Hoover, assessor ; D. Rhodes, J. Hoover, supervisors; D. Brown, J. Kensinger, school directors; J. L. Dougherty, auditor. 1861. — George R. Dilling, assessor; Jacob Hoover, Adam Kensinger, su pervisors; Frederick Nicodemus, John P. Hoover, school directors; John W. Hoover, auditor. 1862 — George B. Dilling, assessor; Adam Kensinger, Daniel Brown, supervisors; Isaac Metzker, Jacob Burket, school directors; David Wineland, auditur. 1863. — John M. Burget, assessor; Daniel Rhodes, David Nicodemus, su pervisors; John Kensinger, George B. Dilling, school directors; Jacob L. Dougher1y, auditor. 1864. — Jacoh Hoover, assessor; John P. Hoover, Daniel Rhodes, super visors; Samuel G. Rhodes, Calvin Smith, school directors; John M, Burket, auditor. 1865. — Calvin Smith, assessor; Andrew Nicodemus, John Treash, Buper visors; Jacob B. Burket, Christian Replogle, school directors; Jacob L. Dougherty, M. W. Hoover, auditors. 1866. — Daniel S. Brown, assessor; Andrew Nicodemus, Samuel G. Rhodes, supervisors; John R. Kensinger, C. B. Dilling, George Smith, school directors; Matthias Glass, auditor. 1867. — Jacob Hoover, assessor ; D. Brown, A. Nicodemus, supervisors ; J. A. Nicodemus, D. Metzker, Samuel Replogle, school directors; Calvin Smith, auditor. 1868.— Calvin Smith, assessor; Elias Glass, Matthias Glass, supervisors; Calvin Smith, Frederick Nicodemus, John McGraw, Bchool direc tors; Jacob L. Dougherty, auditor. 1869 (February).— John P. Hoover, assessor; Adam Burget, Daniel Metzker, supervisors; Daniel Brown, Jacob L. Dougherty, school directors ; David Faulkner, auditor. 1869 (October).— Jacob Nicodemus, D. Rhodes, supervisors ; Daniel Metz ker, D. B. Burket, John B. Kensinger, school director; John H. Stoudnour, auditor. 1870 (October).— John P. Hoover, assessor ; Isaac Eversole, J. A. Nico demus, supervisors; Samuel G. Rhodes, J. B. Kensinger, school directors ; John Stoudnour, auditor. 1872 (February).— Jacob P. Hoover, assessor; Jacob S. Nicodemus, 0. Dilling, supervisors; Fred. Nicodemus, Andrew W. Baker, school directors; Daniel Faulkner, auditor. 1873.— Jacob L. Wineland, assessor; John S. Hoover, Conrad Dilling, supervisors; Levi Burket, J. B. Burket, school directors; E. D. Kensinger, auditor. 1874,— Isaac Dilling, assessor; Andrew Nicodemus, Isaac Metzker, su- NORTH WOODBERRY TOWNSHIP. 187 pervisors ; J. B. Burket, Daniel Brown, Bchool directors ; G. Z, Smith, auditor. 1875.— J. H. Stoudenour, assessor ; Isaac Metzker, John Triesh, super visors; Daniel Brown, H. D. Kensinger, school directors ; A. M. Baker, auditor. 1876.— E. Kensinger, assessor; George Beach, William Glass, super visors; Isaac S. Burket, James D. Kensinger, school directors; Jacob S. Burket, auditor. 1877. — Ephraim D. Keusinger, assessor ; Samuel G. Rhodes, Jacob Law, supervisors; John B. Skyles, Elias Glass, school directors; J. N. Stonebrake, auditor. 1878.— Henry S. Burget, assessor; Daniel S. Brown, D.H.Brumbaugh, supervisors ; Christian Brown, John G. Rhodes, Bchool directors; E. D. Keusinger, auditor. 1879. — Jacob S. Nicodemus, assessor; David Wineland, supervisor; Levi S. Burget, Andrew Smith, school directors ; D. L. Wineland, au ditor. 1880. — Henry S. Burget, assessor; David Wineland, Sr., William B. Loose, supervisors; John B. Skyles, Henry B. Dilling, school direc tors; Andrew N. Baker, auditor. 1881.— H. S. Burget, judge of election ; David Falkner, John B.. Law, in spectors; H. D. Kensinger, assessor ; John H. Dilling, John Fred erick, supervisors ; Jacob L. Dilling, constable ; D. L. Wineland, C. B. Dilling, school directors; S. S. Rhodes, auditor; J. H. Strou denour, township clerk ; D. S. Hoover, township treasurer. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE SINCE 1846. ¦ 1850, John Skyles; 1851, Jacob L.Dougherty; 1853, Isaac Kensinger; 1854, George L. Cowen ; 1856, John Z. Smith and Jacob L. Dough erty; 1862, Jacob L. Dougherty ; 1863, William Thompson ; 1867, Jacob L. Dougherty ; 1868, William Thompson ; 1872, Jacob L. Dougherty ; 1874, George B. Smith ; 1877, Jacob L. Dougherty ; 1879, E. B. Seedenbaugh. MARTINSBURG. The borough of Martinsburg is situated in Morri son's Cove, on the Morrison's Cove Branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad, twenty-two miles south of Altoona. It contains about six hundred inhabitants,1 six church edifices (Lutheran, Methodist, Episcopal, Presbyterian, German Reformed, Church of God, and Dunkard or German Baptists), the Juniata Collegiate Institute, a handsome public school building, a banking-house, hotel, planing-mill, foundry, flour- mill, tannery, and various mercantile houses and small mechanical shops. Among its present business and professional men are Henry C. McCamant, postmaster and stationer; F. G. Bloom, physician; Homer Bloom, physician; E. G. Bobb, druggist ; Bolger, Burket & Co., propri etors of planing-mill, contractors, and builders ; H. L. Bollinger & Co., dealers in hardware, etc. ; D. W. Bonebrake, physician ; Isaac N. Bowser, dentist; P. H. Bridenbaugh, A.M., principal of Juniata Collegi ate Institute ; Brown & Bloom, tanners, etc. ; Rev.- Ephraim Dutt, pastor of Lutheran Church ; John G. Fouse, dealer in agricultural implements; J. H. Goldman, merchant; Frederick A. Hyle, justice of the peace and insurance agent ; J. L. Keagy & Co., dealers in general merchandise ; D. L. Keagy, furni ture dealer; J. K. Livingston, physician; Samuel B. Lysinger, attorney-at-law and justice of the peace ; W. S. Nicodemus, cashier of Martinsburg Deposit Bank ; Rev. J. David Miller, pastor of German Re- 1 Martinsburg borough had 464 inhabitants in 1860, 636 in 1870, and 567 in 1880. formed Church; W. A. Nicodemus, druggist; L. A. Oellig, dealer in stoves and tinware; L. W. Port, merchant tailor and burgess; David Rough, miller; Samuel M. Royer, physician ; Rev. Frederick A. Rupley, pastor of the German Reformed Church; Snowberger & Co., founders and machinists; A. D. Goetz, dealer in leather, harness, etc. ; L. H. Mattern, dealer in millinery and fancy goods ; M. B. Wengert, dentist; Rev. Isaac Heckman, pastor of Methodist Episcopal Church ; Rev. George Sigler, pastor of the Church of God; and Rev. Simon Wolf, pastor of the " Hickory Bottom charge" of the German Reformed Church. Early History, etc. — Although Martinsburg is quite generally denominated an old town, and though its streets and many of its buildings are of an ancient style, yet it appears that the beautiful region sur rounding it had been settled for more than fifty years t before an attempt was made to found the town in question. About the year 1812, Daniel Camerer and Abraham Stoner settled upon the village site, Camerer owning the lands lying eastward of the street known as Market, while Stoner's lay to the westward of the same avenue, which, by the way, was the dividing line between them. The first lots were plotted by Cam erer about 1815, and his son-in-law, John Soyster, built the first house immediately afterwards. Rev. Christian Winebrenner, too, built several early houses. James Shirley (a surveyor), John Hysong, William Entriken (a merchant), Benjamin Wright (a mer chant) were also among the very earliest to locate here. Daniel Bloom,2 a tanner, settled in the village in the spring of 1819, and he has been heard to re mark that Camerer had sold but very few lots before his (Bloom's) coming. Stoner's plot3 was laid out about 1820, and among other early settlers were Henry Bridenthal, a weaver, justice of the peace, and one of the first Assemblymen elected by the people of Blair County to represent them in the State Legislature ; Alexander McFad den (a blacksmith), Col. Samuel Swoope, Col. John Bingham (the latter a stonemason), Alexander Bobb (father of the present Maj. Alexander Bobb, who came here in 1823), David Byers, James Graham (a shoe maker), Jonathan Graham (a tailor), Adam Snyder (an early inn-keeper), Shimer, Calhoun, and Henry Shoemaker (early merchants). 2 Daniel Bloom's father had served in the Continental army as a cap tain. After the war the government granted him one thousand acres of land lying near Nashville, Tenn. He proposed to locate there, but while on his way to take possession he fell in with some congenial con vivial companions at McConnellsburg, Pa ,and finally became a perma nent resident of the latter place, paying no more attention to his Ten nessee lands. Daniel Bloom was the father of four sons and four danghters, his sons being named Francis M., William M., Frederick G., and David S. Tho father as well as the sons have ever been among the most promi nent and respected citizens of the town of Martinsburg. s James McCrea's extension to Martinsburg was platted Oct. 14, 1871. 188 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. The town having attained considerable importance as a commercial centre, it was incorporated as a bor ough by an act of the State Legislature, approved April 2, 1832. The early borough records have not been preserved, however, and it is now impossible to show who the village officers were during the years to 1847 or their proceedings. By an act of the Legis lature approved April 24, 1844, the borough lines were changed, and in consequence the corporate limits diminished. The boundaries alluded to ran as fol lows : " Beginning at a post on the lands of Michael Shriver; thence south twenty-six degrees west one hundred and fifty-nine perches ; thence north sixty- two degrees west seventy-three perches ; thence north eighty-one and one-half degrees east one hundred and sixty perches; thence south sixty-three degrees east sixty-eight perches to beginning." RESIDENTS IN 1846. Abraham Alloways, Ake, Joseph H. Akers, Simon Blake, Sr., Bur dine Blake, P. T. Bobb, Charles Bobb, Frederick Bobb, Sr., Francis Bloom, Daniel Bloom,1 David Bulger, Ephraim Buck, Jacob Bulger, G. B. Barndollar,- John Belch, Henry Bridenthal, Widow Blake, James Blake, Jr., Alexander Bobb, A. Baker,3 H. Bridenthal, Jr., T. N. Barlow,4 Allison Barton, .Henry Crawford, David Camerer, Margaret Camerer, Nehemiah Campbell, John Dutch, Deeter & Kurfman, R. Eshelman, Frederick Flanagan, Dr. John Getty, Ja cob Graffius, George Ghoist, Emanuel Gibboney, John Hagey, Jacob Hagey, Frany Hartle, David Knee,8 Thomas Kurtz, A. W. Kenny, Ferdinand Kaylor, Charles Kaylor, John Kemp, David Kissinger, A. Klepser's heirs, Frederick Klepser, George Loose, Widow Law, Reuben Leader,8 W. G. Laitzle, W. C. Lysiuger,6 Lewis Lewis, Mc- Fadden's heirs, John Matthias, John W. Mateer, Jacob Martin, Da vid Martin, Daniel V. Myers,6 Joseph McCumpsey, David Metzler,' Nicholas Metzler, Jonathan Miller,8 Jacob Mclntyre, James Madara, David Puderbaugh, John B. Penrod, Abraham Rhodes, Slingluff & Crawford, Jacob Shaffer, Henry Slingluff, Henry Shoemaker, Jacob Skyles, John Smith, Jobn Shoenfelt, George Shade, Ephraim Smeltzer, Widow Shirley, Michael Shriver, Swoope's heirs, Samuel Shultz,9 David Snyder, James Search, John Soyster, TheophiluB Snyder, Joseph Shafer, Levi Slingluff,™ H. Skaggs,11 Dr. Schmidt, Jesse Speilman, Michael Shomo, Stoner & Klepser, Joseph Wilson, Daniel Winebrenuer, Andrew Winebrenner, Christian Winebren- ner, Joseph Winebrenner, Alexander Wishart, Solomon Weyandt. Single Freemen. — John Bobb, Frederick G. Bloom, Benjamin Brumbaugh, William Bloom, Samuel Camerer, John Deeter, Alfred Entriken, Frederick Epley, Peter Hockenberry, Jacob Hamilton, Samuel Hann, Samuel Himes, Frank Jordan, Amos Joe, John Kissinger, Daniel Klepser, John McFadden, Samuel McFadden, George Metz, Anthony S. Morrow, Jacob Reese, Jacob Rhodes, George Shultz, Jacob Shultz, John Strayer. Educational.— In the fall of 1860 the "Franklin High School and Blair County Normal Institute" was formally opened, and, according to the corporate limits of the borough of Martinsburg as then existing, the buildings of that institution stood outside the borough. Whereupon, in response to the request of the follow ing named petitioners, viz., William S. Bridenthal, John A. Shoemaker, .James H. Gibboney, Samuel Swope, B. F. Gibboney, D. Klepser, P. Bailey, J. F. Hoover, John A. Zuck, W. W. Knee, Samuel Lower, 1 Owned a tannery. 3 Carpenters. 6 Wagon-maker. 1 Tanner. 9 Pump-maker. 11 Teacher. 2 Owned wedge-shop. * Teacher. ' Hatter. 8 Tailor. 10 Owned a foundry. J. C. Everhart, William C. Lysinger, H. C. Nico demus, Alexander Wishart, Nehemiah Campbell, Casper Lytle, G. A. McKillip, W. J. Houx, M. D. Thatcher, Jacob Osterlie, Joseph McCumpsey, Sam uel B. Lysinger, J. S. Haffly, P. W. Swoope, John H. Boner, Aaron B. Furrey, Emanuel Gibboney, Jacob Mclntyre, David S. Bloom, J. W. Smith, Jr., Joseph H. George, William Distler, Daniel Bloom, .Jacob Graffius, John Strasser, H. B. Crawford, J. C. Mor row, A. W. Nicodemus, Samuel Plastor, F. M. Bloom, Samuel Myers, Uriah Sipes, George Hoover, . J. Shultz, Henry Thatcher, J. S. May, W. H. Skyles, J. G. Herbst, Frederick G. Bloom, William M. Bloom, Samuel D. Shoeman, Anthony S. Morrow, and John H. Typer, the boundaries of the borough were again changed (by an order of court of June 20, 1862) to run as here described : " Beginning at a post on the eastern line of said borough, and running thence south sixty-six degrees east sixty-four perches to a post ; thence south twenty- four and one-half degrees west fifty-six perches to a post ; thence north sixty-six degrees west sixty-four perches to the eastern line of said borough." These limits included about fifteen acres of the farm lands of Maj. Theophilus Snyder, also his house, barn, etc. Some years later Maj. Snyder represented to the Court of Quarter Sessions that the land could not he laid out into town lots, andj>etitioned that the line be changed. In accordance with Snyder's request, there fore, the court, on the 21st of March, 1872, ordered that the limits of the borough be changed, and the lands, etc., of Snyder placed in North Woodberry township. On the 17th of June of the same year (1872) it was "considered by the court and ordered that the said borough of Martinsburg shall become subject to the restrictions and processes, the power and privileges conferred by act of Assembly entitled 'An Act regulating boroughs,' approved April 3, 1851." Martinsburg Borough Officers. — Since the or ganization of Blair County the principal borough officers elected annually have been as follows : 1847. — Jacob Mclntyre, burgess; Burdine Blake, Jacob Graffius, John Getty. David Kissinger, Joseph Shaffer, John W. Mateer, town coun cil; Henry Shoemaker, John Beck, school directors. 1848. — Jacob Mclntyre, burgess; G. R. Barndollar, David Knee, Sol. Weyandt, Joseph H. Akers, Hugh Crawford, Jacob Hagy, L. Sling luff, town council ; J. Mclntyre, D. Bulger, school directors. 1849.— J. A. McFadden, burgess ; L. Slingluff, J. Hagy, G. R. Barndollar, J. S. Nicodemus, Theo. Snyder, J. H. Akers, H. S. Crawford, town council; Nehemiah Campbell, J. Hagy, school directors. 1850. — George Shade, burgess; David Bulger, S. W. Hann, town council; William C. Lysinger. F. Klepser, school directors. | 1851. — H. Bridenthal, burgess; A. S. Morrow, J. Snyder, Levi Miller, J. W. Mateer, H. W. Bloom, Jacob Skyles, town council ; Thos. Kurtz, J. A. McFadden, school directors. 1852.— David Knee, burgess ; F. M. Bloom, S. M. Hann, school directors; David Bulger, F. M. Bloom, David Knee, Levi Slingluff, J. W. Ma teer, A. S. Morrow, James McCumpsey, town council. 1853— R. W. Fletcher, burgess; R. M. Whitaker, J. W Matoer, Levi Slingluff, F. M. Bloom, Joseph McKinney, A. S. Morrow, and David Bulger, town council ; A. S. Morrow, J. C. Everhart, school directors. 1854.— A. S. Morrow, burgess; Joseph H. Akers, Levi Miller, William NORTH WOODBERRY TOWNSHIP. 189 Bloom, David Bulger, Alexander Bobb, B. F. Gibboney, town coun cil; H. S. Crawford, W. C. Lysinger, school directors. 1856.— John Wallers, burgess; Jacob Skyles, S. W. Hann, Alexander Bobb, N. Campbell, D. Bloom, D. 0. Myers, J. W. Mateer, town > council. 1856.— James Blake, burgess; N. Campbell, S. W. Hann, John Hagy, Jacob Mclntyre, school directors ; D. V. Myers, J. S. Haffly, Samuel Burget, Isaac Snyder, John S. May, Levi Bulger, town council. 1857.— William S. Bridenthal, constable. No record of other officers. 1858. — W. J. House, burgess; H. S. Crawford, Jacob Graffius, J. H. Akers, D. Bulger, W. M. Bloom, George Nicodemus, J. S. Haffly, town council. 1859. — William C. Lysinger, burgess; John 0. Everhart, F. M. Bloom, David Bulger, N. Campbell, H. S. Crawford, F. G. Bloom, A. S. Mor row, town council. I860.— William C. Lysinger, burgess ; A. S. Morrow, J. C. Everhart, H. S. Crawford, F. M. Bloom, F. G. Bloom, D. Bulger, N. Campbell, town council. 1861.— William C. Lysinger, burgess ; J. C. Everhart, F. G. Bloom, H. S. Crawford, F. M. Bloom, W. F. Bridenthal, William M. Bloom, A. S. Morrow, town council. 1862.— William C. LyBinger, burgess; Theo. Snyder, Samuel P. Mc Fadden, Christian Souder, William F. Bridenthal, F. M. Bloom, H. S. Crawford, F. G. Bloom, town council. 1863.— John S. Haffly, burgess; H. S. Crawford, F. M. Bloom, D. L. Keagy, W. W. Graham, Joseph H. George, F. G. Bloom, W. F. Bridenthal, town council. 1864. — William 0. Lysinger, burgess; John W. Smith, E. Gibboney, John A. McFadden, William Distler, L. A. Oellig, William L. Snyder, town council, ,1865.— L. A. Oellig, burgess; John Bowman, Jacob Shubert, A. J. Crissman, A. D. Gates, Levi Miller, B. F. Gibboney, J. C. Sanders, town council. 1866. — William C. Lysinger, burgess ; Davis Brumbaugh, W. M. Bloom, Jacob Keagy, John Gwinner, Alexander Nicodemus, H. S. Crawford, John Shoemaker, town council. 1867. — William C. Lysinger, burgesB; John Gwinner, Jacob Keagy, Davis Brumbaugh, W. M. Bloom, H. S. Crawford, A. W. Nicodemus, John Shoemaker, town council. 1868.— William L. Snyder, burgess; David Wolf, W. W. Knee, H. C. Nicodemus, M. Graffius, James Morrow, Samuel Zimmerman, T. J. Campbell, town conncil. 1869 (February).— William L. Snyder, burgess; D. Ott, D. Wolf, C. McKillip, Jacob Esterly, James Morrow, H. C. Nicodemus, town council. 1869 (October).— William M. Bloom, burgess; H. C. Nicodemus, David Wolf, J. C. Morrow, W. M. Bloom, D. Ott, Samuel Myers, Jacob Esterly, town conncil. 1870 (October).— D. L. Keagy, burgess ; H. C. Nicodemus, David Wolf, Levi Nicodemus, W. W. Knee, Martin Shiffler, S. Zimmerman, D. Bloom, town council. 1872 (February).— H. S. Crawford, burgess ; James Hagy, L. A. Oellig, A. J. Anderson, James Blake, F. M. Bloom, town conncil. 1873.— W. F. Bridenthal, burgess ; D. W. Barnhart, J. L. Martin, William Distler, D. L. Keagy, William C. Lysinger, Samnel Zimmerman town council. 1874.— John A. Zuck, Frederick Hyle, school directors. 1875.— Frederick Hyle, burgess; David Strasser, Upton Shank, William Bloom, L. Davis, town council. 1876— Samuel Zimmerman, burgess; James Hagey, Charles McKillip, Uriah Sipes, D. W. Bonebrake, John P. Miller, town council. 1877.— George Pnderbaugh, burgess; Martin Graffius, Frederick Keagy, W. S. Crawford, John Stevens, Frederick Hyle, J. Ross Mateer, town council. 1878.— Henry Bridcnbaugh, burgess; Jacob Rhodes, C. A. McKillip, D. Snowberger, David Strasser, John May, I. N. Bowser, town council. 1879.— C. A. McKillip, burgess ; J. Kauffman, James Hagey, Frederick Hyle, H. C. NicodemuB, Jacob Shubert, town council. 1880.— James Blake, burgess; William Distler, Jacob D. Rhodes, Daniel Bollinger, H. C. Nicodemus, Henry Camerer, William Stiffler, town council. 1881.— David H. Wolf, burgess; William Distler, James Bookhamer, Daniel Bollinger, Jacob D. Rhodes, John Stoner, H. C. Nicodemus, Henry Camerer, town council. 1882— L.W. Port, burgess; Alexander Bobb, F. M. Bloom, J. C. Mor row Samuel Zimmerman, William Roberts, David Strasser, town council; S. B. Lysinger, clerk; Martin Graffius, Levi Bollinger, Bchool directora. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 1848, Nehemiah Campbell ; 1850, Emanuel F. Gibboney ; 1853, Nehemiah Campbell; 1855, Jacob Mclntyre ; 1858, Nehemiah Campbell; 1860, Jacob Mclntyre; 1862, Johu A. Zuck; 1864, Uriah Sipes; 1866, John A. Zuck; 1869, Nehemiah Campbell; 1870, Henry 0. Nicode mus; 1872, John A. Zuck; 1876, Frederick Hyle; 1877, John A. Zuck ; 1881, Samuel B. Lysinger, Frederick Hyle ; 1882, Samuel B. Lysinger. Physicians. — Dr. Kane was a practitioner in Mar tinsburg and its vicinity as early as 1820. Dr. John Getty, a student of Drs. Addison and Mowry, of Pitts burgh, came here in 1827, and was the first regular graduate to make Martinsburg his home. Soon after, however, Dr. Alexander Wishart became a resident, and until about 1850 they were the principal prac titioners in this region. Dr. F. G. Bloom, a student and son-in-law of Dr. Getty, graduated in 1847, and in 1854 took his (Dr. Getty's) place. Dr. F. G. Bloom, although still a resident of the town, retired from practice in 1880, being succeeded by his son, Homer C. Bloom, who graduated in 1878. Meanwhile, from 1854, there were other physicians here, — Dr. Frank Royer for a brief period ; Dr. D. W. Bonebrake (still here), who settled about 1864, and Dr. Samuel M. Royer,1 who is also a present resident. Newspapers. — The Cove Echo, a small weekly newspaper, was published during the years 1874-75 by Henry and John Brumbaugh, and subsequently for a brief period by B. F. Lehman. It was finally discontinued from lack of support. Banking. — The Martinsburg Deposit Bank, Wil liam Jack, president, and W. S. Nicodemus, present cashier, was established in 1870. A capital of twenty- five thousand dollars is employed. This institution does a regular banking business in all its branches, and enjoys the confidence of the community in which it is situated. Juniata Collegiate Institute. — The institution (formerly known as the " Franklin High School and Blair County Normal Instisute") was chartered by a special act of the Legislature in 1859, and completed in 1860. The original buildings were erected by joint-stock subscriptions, at a cost of eight thousand dollars. In 1867 the Lutheran Synod bought the property for three thousand dollars. It was after wards sold to J. G. Herbst, who, after being in posses sion but a brief period, sold to Professor Lucian Cort for five thousand dollars. While owned by Mr. Cort, or in 1868, an addition was built (making a combined front of one hundred feet by seventy-five feet in depth) at a cost of eight thousand dollars. In 1875, Henry Bridenbaugh became the owner by the payment of ten thousand seven hundred dollars. 1 Dr. Samuel M. Royer is a son of Samuel Royer, and a nephew of John Royer, of Cove Forge. He was born at Springfield Furnace, Nov. 26, 1838. In March 1869, he graduated at the Cincinnati Medical College, and at once began practice in Martinsburg, where he still resides. 190 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. The institute is now in successful operation under the principalship of P. H. Bridenbaugh, A.M. Professors Dickerson and Osborne were the first teachers. Their successors were Messrs. Willard, Hughes, Hassler, Schwartz, Cort, S. R. Bridenbaugh, and P. H. Briden baugh. As now conducted, the Juniata Collegiate Institute has a twofold object : First, to prepare young men for entrance into one of the lower classes in college, and secondly, to give young ladies as thorough a course of culture as is received in any female college. In point of location but few schools have the ad vantage over Juniata Collegiate Institute. The quiet, orderly, and thriving town of Martinsburg, where the institution is located, is situated in the very heart of one of the richest agricultural districts in the State, twenty-two miles south of Altoona. It is conveni ently accessible by railroad, the Morrison's Cove Branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad having one of its principal stations here, and a short stage line con nects it at Cove Station with the Huntingdon and Broad Top Railroad. Being thus in direct railroad communication with the great thoroughfares of travel on every side, it is yet at the same time free from the din and bustle of public life. In this respect the students are free from the excitement and temptations of a large city. There is not, at the same time, in any part of the State a more beautiful and healthful location, being all that could be desired in point of air, water, and general climate. The grounds in front of the large and imposing edifice are beautifully laid out in plots and walks, and tastefully adorned with trees and flowers, while the elevated site commands a most delightful view of the surrounding country, and the distant mountains loom ing up on every side like so many sleepless sentinels. The natural scenery in the midst of which the insti tution is located could not well be surpassed, and is in itself an educational power of no small moment. The building is an elegant brick edifice, four stories high, admirably adapted to the accommodation of both sexes, and for the purposes of the institution gener ally. While the male and female students are prop erly separated, they are yet in one family home, so that brothers and sisters may exercise a mutual care and guardianship over each other. The ladies' rooms, it is safe to say, are unsurpassed in point of conveni ences, comfort, and healthfulness by any of those afforded in female schools generally. A spacious chapel, suitable recitation-rooms, a fine parlor, a com modious dining-hall are all in convenient parts of the building. A large cupola, in which hangs a sweet- toned bell, and from which a splendid view of the town and country is presented, crowns the whole edifice. The institution will accommodate eighty boarding students, yet day-scholars are taken, who are not obliged to board in the house, and still have all the benefits of the educational studies. In the academi cal and normal departments a complete and general education is given, especially in the normal course, which embraces all the studies pursued in the State normal schools. The classical department is designed to prepare students for one of the lower classes in college. In it are pursued the studies of Greek, Latin, German, moral philosophy, history, the higher mathematics, and all branches required for entrance into the freshman or sophomore class of any Ameri can college. Diplomas are awarded to all pupils who complete the regular course and pass a satisfac tory examination. Other Villages. — Besides Martinsburg borough the township of North Woodberry contains the vil lages of Fredericksburg, Millerstown, and Henrietta. At the former place is Dr. G. W. Wengert, physician; Brumbaugh & Wineland, founders and machinists; the Burgets, Grabills, Hoovers, and others to the number of about one hundred and twenty-five. Mil lerstown is an unimportant place. Henrietta is the southern terminus of the Morri son's Cove Branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad, and a point where the Cambria Iron Company own exten-. sive tracts of iron ore lands. It contains about one hundred and seventy-five inhabitants, and among its business men and firms are D. D. Morrell, postmas ter, farmer, and president of the Blair County Agri cultural Society ; George D. Brown, telegraph oper ator ; L. S. Burket, carpenter ; Cambria Iron Company, owners of ore lands and dealers in general merchan dise ; J. L. Dougherty, justice of the peace ; J. Ever- sole, miller ; D. Falkner, carpenter ; William Glass, carpenter ; D. Klepser, miller ; William Loose, shoe maker ; William McKillip, merchant ; James R. Reed, surveyor ; C. N. Snyder, blacksmith ; Elias Stoude- nour, shoemaker ; Wood, Morrell & Co., dealers in general merchandise. ¦ German Reformed Church. — St. John's German Reformed Church of Martinsburg was organized hy Rev. John Detrick Aurandt, a veteran of the Revolu tion, in 1804, though he was not regularly ordained until 1809. This was one point among quite a num ber of others in the counties of Huntingdon and Bed ford, but this being the principal congregation from the beginning, it ultimately gave the name to the charge. The first meetings were held in the log school-house and church which stood two miles southwest of the present town of Martinsburg. Mr. Aurandt could only preach in the German language. He died at Water Street, Pa., in 1832 ; but before that time, i.e., in 1829, he had ceased to preach in consequence of ill health. The old school-house and church building was occupied until 1832, when the German Reformed people built the first church edifice1 in Martinsburg. 1 The first church in Martinsburg, which was built by the German Reformed congregation in 1832, is still standing and is now used by the Presbyterians. NORTH WOODBERRY TOWNSHIP. 191 In its construction some of the material used in build ing the old Jog church in the country was utilized. In 1858-59 the present brick church was built near the old one at a cost of four thousand two hundred dollars. It was modeled after the Reformed Church of Huntingdon, except the spire, which is of the same style as the one on the Methodist Episcopal Church in Huntingdon. In 1853 a parsonage property was purchased for four hundred dollars, to which was added repairs, etc., to the amount of five hundred and eight dollars and fifty-eight cents. In 1874, how ever, a new parsonage was built by the whole charge (as then constituted) at a cost of two thousand four hundred dollars. It is a plain but very neat brick structure standing opposite the church. Of the pastors of this congregation and charge, Rev. John D. Aurandt remained from 1804 or 1805- 29; then Rev. Jonathan Zellers, a very large man, physically, from 1830-32; Rev. S. K. Denius, 1834- 36; Rev. R. Duenger, 1837-38 ; Rev. John G. Wolff, 1839-40 ; Revs. Matthew Irvine, Kiefer, and Fouse to 1844. In tbe latter year, Rev. Frederick Augustus Rupley became pastor, and the Martinsburg charge was formed. He organized congregations in Green field township and at other points, and remained eight years. His successors were Rev. Samuel Phil lips, who remained from 1853-55; Rev. Jeremiah Heller, 1855-57 ; Rev. William M. Deatrick, 1857- 58; Rev. Jacob Hassler, 1858-63; Rev. A. C. Whit- mer, 1863-68; Rev. John H. Sykes, 1868-73; Rev. J. E. Graff (a supply for six months), 1873-74; Rev. A. C. Geary, 1874-76 ; and Rev. J. David Miller, the present pastor, who came here Feb. 22, 1878. Revs. Christian Winebrenner and Nehemiah H. Skyles were born and raised in this charge, and it has also furnished wives for Mr. Rupley, Mr. Phillips, and perhaps others. Martinsburg charge of the present consists of St. Luke's Church in Woodcock Valley, and St. John's at Martinsburg, the congregation of the latter now numbering one hundred and seventy-eight. Conrad Nicodemus gave the lot on which the church was built in 1832. His son John Nicodemus, David Bul ger, Nicholas Gruber, and Isaac Rhodes were also prominent and active members of this organization. Lutheran Church.— Among the first settlers of this region were Lutherans, and for many years re ligious services were held in their dwelling-houses, afterwards in school-houses, and when the first church edifice was completed in the village, i.e., the German Reformed in 1832, it also was used by the Lutherans at regular intervals. In 1843, however, the Lutherans erected a church edifice of their own, which was dedi cated Jan. 27, 1844, the charge at that time being composed of congregations at Martinsburg, Potter's, Barley's, Clover Creek, and Woodcock Valley. The first church building proving to be unsafe as well as insufficient for the needs of the congregation, the corner-stone of the second or present edifice was laid July 10, 1852, and on the 14th day of November of the same year the completed structure was dedicated as "St. Matthew's Church,"1 Rev. H. Baker, of Al toona, preaching the dedicatory sermon. In scanning the records for a list of pastors it is found that Rev. William G. Laitzle was pastor in 1845; then followed Elias Schwartz in 1850; D. J. Eyler in December, 1850; Joseph Feichtner in 1851; J. Richards in 1853 ; Henry Seifert in 1855 ; Daniel Stock in 1861; Peter S. Hooper in 1864; P. Sheeder in May, 1867 ; C. L. Streamer in 1870 ; D. Stock in the fall of 1875, who remained until the autumn of 1879, to be succeeded by the present pastor, Rev. Ephraim Dutt, who came here Feb. 1, 1880. The latter organized a congregation at Woodberry, May 25, 1882. The Martinsburg charge at this writing is composed of congregations as follows : Martinsburg, Blair Co., 147 members ; Roaring Spring, Blair Co., 112 mem bers ; Barley's, Bedford Co., 64 members ; Potter's, Bedford Co., 70 members ; Woodberry, Bedford Co., 35 members. Methodist Episcopal Church — When Daniel Bloom settled in Martinsburg in the spring of 1819, he soon ascertained that his was the only Methodist Episcopal family in the place. Henry Bridenthal, David Byers, James Graham, Burdine Blake, and Jonathan Graham became residents soon after, how ever, and a Methodist class was organized. Early meetings were held in the log building (mentioned in the history of the Reformed Church) situated two miles from the village. Soon after the year 1830 the Methodists of Mar tinsburg Ijegan building a small brick church, which, when completed, was used until the building of the present one in 1843 or 1844. Mr. Bloom and Mr. Blake were both local preachers of considerable fame and ability, and together frequently traveled over a wide section of country hereabouts. Among the early preachers on this circuit were Jacob McEnaley, Thomas Larkins, Best, James Stevens, and Collins. Rev. Isaac Heckman is the preacher now in charge of the Martinsburg Circuit, which is composed of churches at Martinsburg, Roaring Springs, Pat- tonsville, Woodberry, and Ore Hill, the Martins burg church having about one hundred members. Church of God.— About the year 1830 or 1831, John W. Mateer, of Mount Joy, Lancaster Co., Pa., settled in the vicinity of Martinsburg. Having been connected and in fellowship with the Church of God in the former place, he very naturally longed to have fellowship with those of like faith here. Partly through his exertions, therefore, Elders E. West, W. McFadden, and Israel Brady visited the Cove in 1832 as missionaries. After occasional preaching by the above-named ministers, Elders Jacob Lininger and William Mullennix gave more special attention to 1 The church dedicated in 1844 was entitled " Zion's Church." 192 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. this field. Many were converted under their labors, and finally the Church of God, in Martinsburg, was organized by them in 1842. Among the constituent members were John W. Mateer, Mary Mateer, Jacob Heagy and wife, Ma tilda Fore, Frany Stoufer, Samuel Akerd, Frederick Flanagan and wife, Abraham Otto, Jacob Mateer and wife, H. S. Crawford, Maria Fore, and Catharine Carocher. The first house of worship was dedicated in May, 1843, Elders Lininger and Mullennix being present. Its dimensions were twenty-six by forty-eight feet, and it cost about eight hundred dollars. In 1876 the church edifice was rebuilt at a cost of three thousand five hundred dollars, when Elders George Sigler, J. W. Deshong, and C. C. Bartells were present at the reopening ceremonies. In the order here given the following ministers have served this church since its organization : Jacob Lininger, C. Price, Joseph Bumbarger, Snavely, E. H. Thomas, D. Kyle, Abraham Snyder, Wm. Clay, William Johnson, G. W. Coulter, A. X. Shoemaker, A. H. Long, J. F. Weishample, T. Deshiera, B. F. Beck, J. Bender, S. Fleegle, S. Boyer, S. S. Richmond, P. D. Collins, Clippenger, F. L. Nicodemus, H. Whit aker, J. Speece, W. L. Jones, G. W. Seelhammer, H. E. Reever, J. H. Esterline, J. M. McDonnald, and George Sigler, the latter being the present pastor. The church has a membership of seventy-four at this time, and seventy scholars attend its Sabbath-school. Other Village Churches, etc. — The Presbyterians and Dunkards also have churches in Martinsburg, but of these organizations as well as the Odd-Fellows' lodge it has been impossible to learn anything satis factory, although the secretaries representing each were earnestly requested to furnish data. Clover Creek Church (German Reformed). — The German Reformed Church at Clover Creek was or ganized by Rev. John D. Aurandt prior to the year 1829. After him came Rev. Christian Winebrenner, who preached until 1843. Then followed Rev. Theo bald Fouse, who continued until 1873. Rev. F. A. Rupley, who now resides in Martinsburg, has served as a supply since 1876. Millerstown Church (German Reformed).— The church edifice at Millerstown was built by members of the German Reformed Church in 1862 for conven ience in holding funeral ceremonies, etc. It is a one- story frame structure, and will seat two hundred people. However, a congregation was formed about the year 1875, and Rev. Mr. Fouse preached occa sionally until his death. Then Rev. Mr. Siple sup plied until 1878. Since 1879 the " Hickory Bottom Charge," composed of congregations at Hickory Bot tom, Sharpsburg, and Millerstown, has been under the pastoral care of Rev. Simon Wolf, who resides in Martinsburg. The congregation at Millerstown num bers sixty-three, and among its early members were William Layman, John Friesh, Levi Dougherty, Adam Benner, Powell Nicodemus, William Ake, William Cauffman, Andrew Nicodemus, Levi Burket, and Jacob Burket. CHAPTER XXIII. SNYDER TOWNSHIP. This township occupies the extreme northern point of Blair County, its bounds being, north, Centre County ; east and southeast, Warrior's Mark and Ty rone townships; south, Antes; and on the west, Cambria and Clearfield Counties. On the east are natural boundaries formed by Brush Mountain and Bald Eagle Ridge. The western section is almost wholly on the Allegheny Mountains, and the entire surface of the township is more or less broken, hav ing all the characteristics of a mountain country. Along the Little Juniata, which flows through the southeast part of Snyder, are some fertile lands, and the upper valley of Bald Eagle Creek is also tillable. The remaining area has been valuable only for its timber supply, which was largely consumed in the manufacture of iron in the period when charcoal furnaces flourished in this part of the State. Both the foregoing streams furnish water-power which has been well utilized. Moore's, Hutchinson's, Sinking, and other runs help to drain the country, and have a constant flow from mountain springs. The latter has a subterranean passage for more than three-fourths of a mile, emerging from the earth at the borough of Tyrone in the form of a very large spring of unusu ally pure water, which soon mingles with those of the Juniata. Close at hand is the mouth of Bald Eagle Creek, which flows along the western base of a ridge bearing the same name from its source in Cen tre County. Along these streams, and particularly in the small valley of Bald Eagle Creek, settlements were made several years before the Revolution by a number of persons of small means, who were at tracted thither most likely by the abundance of game found on the foothills of the mountains. Among these was the Ricket family, composed of seven stalwart sons, noted for their reckless daring and bravery as Indian scouts. These, in common with nearly all' the original settlers, removed before the beginning of the century, and nothing but vague traditions of their residence are preserved. Most of the land compris ing the township having become the property of iron masters, it was thence occupied by tenants, and the pioneer history consequently is so barren of interest that it is not repeated here. An account of some of the early settlers is given in the sketches of the neighboring townships from which Snyder was formed in 1841. The ensuing year the taxables were as fol lows: SNYDER TOWNSHIP. 193 Ambrose, Alexander, founder. Atkins, William, farmer. Atkins, Samuel, laborer. Ambrose, Samuel, laborer. Atkins, Hugh, farmer. Burley, Joseph, mason. Burley, Joshua, carpenter. Baughman, John, 113 a., farmer. Baughman, Henry, 111 a., farmer. Baughman, Andrew, 116 a., farmer. Beck, Henry, 117 a., farmer. Baughman, Chris., 113 a., farmer. Bonner, Miles, laborer. Beck, Chris., 310 a., pump-maker. Beamer, Samuel, blacksmith. Burley, John, carpenter. Bowers, John, laborer. Boyle, John, laborer. Beigle, John, laborer. Burley, Jacob, carpenter. Campbell, Joseph, laborer. Caldwell, Bobert, laborer. Crocker, Joseph, farmer. Conrad, Daniel, forgeman. Crowell, David, laborer. Crane, John, Jr., laborer. Campbell, Alexander, collier. Crane, George, farmer. Campbell, Bobert, manager. Clark, Samuel, collier. Dunlap, William, laborer. Davis, Charles, laborer. Dunbar, James, laborer. Davia, William, laborer. Denny, Daniel, farmer. Davidson, John A., laborer. Dougherty, Patrick, farmer. Dry, George, Jr., laborer. Dry, George, Sr., laborer. Dunlap, Lot, laborer. Davis, Jesse, laborer. Dickson, David, laborer. Dickson, Samuel, laborer. Estep, Thomas, laborer. Estep, Jesse, laborer. Everly, Hen ry, laborer. Everly, Charles, laborer. Everly, Joseph, laborer. Ermln, John, laborer. Earhart, Emanuel, laborer. Fortna, Casper, miller. Fry, Joseph, shoemaker. FerrenBworth, Jno., 175 a., farmer. Fox, John, blacksmith. Fetters, Michael, carter. Fox, Benjamin, collier. Ferrensworth, Joseph, wagoner. Gates, Henry, collier. Given, George, laborer. Garland, Henry, caster. Grazier, Michael, house and lot. Gardner, Andrew, collier. Gibbs, William, wagon-maker. Gemmill, Jacob, physician. Ginter, Solomon, carter. Gates, Jacob, laborer, Haines, Jacob, laborer. Haines, Isaac, wagon-maker. Hagerty, John, blacksmith. Harris, William, laborer. Hunter, James, farmer. Hopkins, Charles, forgeman. Henry, James, farmer. Hutchinson, Samuel, carter. Hare, Peter, forgeman. Huff, David, wood-chopper. Johnston, Thomas, inn-keeper. M Jordan, Bobert, laborer. Jordan, Samuel, laboror. Irwin, William, farmer, Kenney, Andrew, laborer, Kryder, Henry, farmer. Kellerman, Christian, farmer. Kinney, Irwine, collier. Kratzer, John, 1 forge, 3 fires, 1 saw-mill, 23 horses. Kearney, William, laborer. Kennedy, Alexander, collier. Langhart, John, laborer. Lewis, Joseph, sawyer, Leonard, John, laborer. Lewis, John, laborer. Lyon, William & Co., 1 furnace, 1 grist-mill, 1 saw-mill, 52 horses (at Bald Eagle). Lyon, William & Co. (Tyrone Forges), 1 forge, 4 fires; 1 forgi, 8 fires ; 1 grist-mill, 1 saw-mill. Miller, James, farmer. McCauley, William, shoemaker. Moore, Peter, saw-mill. Markley, George, wagon-maker. McDermot, Michael, stonemason, McClure, Joseph, inn-keeper. McGinley, Samuel, gentleman. Myers, John, ore-pounder. Myers, John, farmer. McGuire, John, tailor. McKillip, Hugh, laborer. Merriman, Elijah, wood-chopper. McClelland, John, Jr., collier. McClelland, John, Sr., laborer. Miller, John, teacher. McClelland, William, BtonemaBon. McFarland, Archibald, farmer. Morgan, David, laborer. McAllister, Samuel, laborer. Matthias, John T., iron-master. Musselman, Martin, farmer. McPherson, Frederick, carter. McQuillan, Thomas, carter. McFarland, Juhn, farmer. McCahan, John K., saw-mill. Merriman, Charles, wagon-maker. Myers, Jacob, laborer. McCauley, Daniel, wood-chopper. Myers, Elijah, laborer. Noland, Thomas, laborer. Owens, Thomas M., store-keeper. O'Donald, William, forgeman. Plummer, William R., forgeman. Prough, Peter, collier. Potter, Bobert, laborer. Palmer, Lewis, wagon-maker. Port, William, tailor. Bush, Thomas, carpenter. Robison, Moses, fulling- and card- ing-mill. Bann, Samuel, carter. Keigh, Peter, house and lot. Stonebraker, Valentine, collier. Snyder, Daniel, collier. Snyder, Philip, collier. Saltzkerry, Jacob, collier. Stonebraker, Abraham, collier. Stiner, John, collier. Shoenberger, J. and G. H.f lands aud saw-mills.- Shultz, John, laborer. Sharp, John, cabinet-maker. Snyder, James, forgeman. Stevens, Joshua, farmer. Smith, George, farmer. Souders, William, forgeman. Woomer, Henry, collior. Woomer, Andrew, blacksmith. Woomer, Jonathan, carter. Worley, Samuel, filler. Weight, Adam, farmer. Wolf, John, carter. Williams, Evan, forgeman. Weston, Thomas, Esq., tanner. Zuck, Kephart, forgeman. Sterling, William, carpenter. Stevens, Jacob, forgeman, Sprankle, John, sawyer. Thompson, Jonathan, laborer. Thompson, Andrew, laborer. Taylor, John, laborer. Uttley, Samuel, teacher, Vaughan, Thomas, wood-chopper. Weight, Abraham, laborer. William, Samuel, forgeman. fifing Freemen. — Bobert Ambrose, Hiram Ayers, John Burley, Benjamin Beck, John Buttenstone, Peter Coyle, Peter Crane, Edward Dough erty, Martiu Fleck, John Fackinger, Augustus Fox, Samuel Garland, Bobert Gardner, Henry Hare, George Hubley (clerk), Samuel Johns ton, Alexander Jordan, Thomas Kinney, John Law, Jacob Myers, Hugh McClelland, Bobert McFarland, Bobert H. McCoy, James McQuead (clerk), Christopher' Moore, Bobert Miller, John O'Friel, Samuel Osier, Aaron Shugart, Abraham Bush, Thomas Beigh, George Thomas, Nathau Thompson, George Troisier, Jesse Wilson^ John Weight, William Weight. I In 1880 the population of the township, not includ ing East Tyrone, was 1004 ; with East Tyrone, 279 more. Civil Organization. — The township was* formed of parts of Warrior's Mark and Antes townships, in con formity with the following report, made Janl 14, 1841, and was named " Snyder, in honor of his Excellency Simon Snyder, who was Governor of Pennsylvania nine years." "We, the subscribers, two of the commissioners named by order of the court, met, and taking the draft of the division of Warrior's Mark township as laid out by John S. Isett and John Wilson, said to be from the Centre County line to Upper Tyrone Forge, at which place we began keeping along the township line between Tyrone and Antes townships to a gap in the Brush Mountain well known by the name of Burley's Gap, opposite (or nearly so) the run designated in the order of the court (run on the farm of Alexander McFarland, deceased), and taking a course from said gap across the township of Antes, and near the run on the farm of Alexander McFarland deceased, as above, to the summit of Allegheny Mountain, aB exhibited by the draft hereunto annexed. " William P. Dysart, " John McMullen, " Commissioners." The April, 1841, Court of Quarter Sessions an nexed the northwest corner of Tyrone township to Snyder, the commissioners being John McPherran and William Graham. The following have been the principal officers of the township since its organization : EOAD SUPEBVISOES. 1841, James Miller, George Crane ; 1842, Archibald McFarland, Chris tian Kellerman; 1843, James Miller, Christian Kellerman; 1844, Henry Garland, Henry Cryder; 1845, Christian Kellerman, Henry Cryder; 1846-48, J. Y. Matthias, James L. Shultz; 1849, John A. Davidson, James L. Shultz; 1850-51, John A. DavidBon, Henry Gar land; 1852--54, John A. Davidson, George Woomer; 1855, Henry Cryder, George Woomer; 1856-67, Philip Hoover, James Miller; 1858, Philip Hoover, William Bobeson ; 1859, James Miller, Philip Hoover; 1860, John McFarland, George Woomer; 1861, George Woomer, John McFarland ; 1862, John A. Davidson, George Woomer ; 1863, Henry Cryder, David Snyder; 1864-69, John A. Davidson, David Snyder; 1870, Henry Snyder, S. Stonebraker; 1871, Henry Woomer, J. A. Davidson; 1872, Henry Woomer, F. Snyder; 1873-81, Benjamin F. Calderwood, Henry Woomer. AUDITOBS. 1841, Bobert Campbell, John W. Estep, Bobert Caldwell, James Dunbar ; 1842, John Miller, Jacob Burley, William McCauley; 1843, James Dunbar; 1844, George Hubley; 1845, A. J. Shugart, William Mc Cauley ; 1846, Johu Miller ; 1847, Robert C. Galbraith, Jacob Burley, 194 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Cyrus K. Mark ; 1848, Bobert C. Galbraith : 1849, John A. Davidson ; 1850, J. K. Miller, J. M. Robeson; 1851, B. C. Galbraith, Thomas Sharrar; 1852, J. M. Calderwood ; 1853, A. McCartney; 1854, John D. Stewart; 1855, Caleb E. Burley; 1856, James M. Calderwood; 1857, William A. Lytle ; 1858, Moses Robeson, James Duncan, Robert WariDg; 1859, Robert Waring; 1860, Matthias Fortna; 1861, John A. Davidson ; 1862, Robert Waring ; 1863, David Snyder ; 1864, J. A. Corbin ; 1865, Henry Cryder, Robert Waring; 1866, H. R. Holtzin- ger; 1867, Henry Cryder; 1868, George H. Given; 1869, Robert Waring; 1870, Josiah Moore ; 1871, William R. Hopkins; 1872, Rob ert Waring ; 1873, S. C. Stewart ; 1874, Sanford Stonebraker ; 1875, Robert Waring ; 1876, Stewart Fox ; 1877, Patrick Carey, S. C. Stew art; 1878, Wesley Crane; 1879, Bobert Waring; 1880, William Woomer ; 1881, S. C. Stewart. Manufacturing Interests.— The fine water-power afforded by the streams of Snyder early attracted the attention of the iron-masters owning the adjacent ore-fields, and about 1805 the Little Juniata was made to operate a forge for John Gloninger & Co. This forge was called Tyrone, from its being located in that township, and soon achieved an excellent reputation for its products. The metal forged was procured from the furnaces in Franklin township, which were under the same ownership, and Caleb Berry, a son-in-law of George Anshutz, was the first manager. Eight years later the company built an other forge half a mile up the Juniata, which, from its location with reference to the first, was called the Upper Tyrone Forge, and both were placed under one management. Prior to this, possibly about 1807, a rolling-mill, slitting-mill, and nail-factory were built on the bend of the river, below the old forge, which were successfully operated until about 1830. The first nail-maker was John A. Davidson, and from 1820 to 1826, Walter Clarke, father of Dr. Rowan Clarke, was the manager of the rolling- and slitting- mills. The same power operated a grist-mill, which is the only industry remaining. The present fine structure was built in 1836 by William M. Lyon & Co., who succeeded to the Gloninger interests about 1835. Recent repairs and improved machinery have made it the most complete mill in the county. Both the lower and upper forges were rebuilt by William M. Lyon & Co. before 1840, the capacity of the former being increased to eight fires and one large hammer, while the lower forge had five fires. In 1865 the present Tyrone steam forge was built near the site of the lower forge. It is a very large building, sided and roofed with corrugated iron, and in its arrangements and equipments is one of the most complete forges in the country. There are twelve fires and one large steam hammer, weighing two thousand five hundred pounds, capacitating the production of about two thousand tons of blooms per year. This forge was successfully operated until 1874, when work was suspended, and the building has since been used for other purposes. Among the managers of Tyrone Forges have been, besides the one named, William Berry, Robert Campbell, Eli Beatty, and John T. Mathias, from 1840 till 1862, when S. C. Stewart became the superintendent of the company's interests, as one of the partners, and has since resided at the forge in the fine mansion connected with the property. Dur ing the superintendency of J. T. Mathias, James Mc- Quead was the working manager of the forge. Bald Eagle Furnace was built on the stream of that name, in the upper part of the township, in 1830, by John Gloninger & Co., and five or six years later be came the property of William M. Lyon & Co., who operated it until it went out of blast about 1865. David Mitchell, of the Pennsylvania Furnace; was the first manager, but under the new ownership Mr. Shorb exercised a personal supervision over the fur- ( ( nace until his death in 1856. Thence it was under the superintendence of J. T. Mathias until it ceased operations, having resident managers. Among these were John Maguire, Robert Campbell, Hays Hamil ton, James L. Shultz, and Samuel McCamant. When worked to its full capacity the furnace produced at the rate of two thousand two hundred tons per year, and the work connected with the iron interests in the township gave employment to about one hundred and fifty men. The grist-mill at Bald Eagle Furnace was destroyed by fire a few years ago, and but little remains to tell of tbe former activity of the place. The furnace was made a station on the Bald Eagle Valley Railroad, and a post-office, with the name of Olivia, is yet maintained. The post-office at the forges was dis continued when the Tyrone office was established, and the fine store-room has also been closed for busi ness purposes. Formerly a very flourishing mercan tile trade was carried on there. Since the summer of 1880 the forge building at Ty rone has been occupied by Sieman, Anderson & Co., for the preparation of iron for the manufacture of open-hearth steel, by submitting the crude ore to the action of Sieman's rotating furnace. At Tyrone Forges the first blast was put on Aug. 16, 1880, and the metal since produced has proved highly satisfac tory for its intended purpose. The ore used is furnished by the Study Mining Company, which, although it contains forty-seven per cent, of iron, yields by this process but thirty per cent., the balance going with the cinders, which may profitably be resmelted in common furnaces. The ore after being pulverized is mixed dry with coal and enough limestone to flux it, when it is passed into the rotator and subjected to about two hundred and twenty-five degrees of heat — a quick flame — for about fours, when it is drawn in the shape of balls (oxidizing the same as from a puddling furnace), which are hammered into blooms worth about sixty dollars per ton. The rotating fur nace is nine feet in diameter, about ten feet high, and holds about a thousand pounds of ore. It revolves once each fifteen minutes. The furnace at Tyrone required the attendance of a dozen men, who were ' ' under the fbremanship of Edward Day. The firm having demonstrated the practicability of reducing ores by this process, concentrated its interests at Pitts- SNYDER TOWNSHIP. 195 burgh, Nvhere it has steel-works and other furnaces, and the forge building may be returned to its former use. Tyrone Fobge, Limestone Quarry, and Fer tilizing Mill are owned and operated by A. G. Morris. As early as 1868 the proprietor began quarrying and shipping limestone from a point in Franklin township, near Union Furnace. He also largely engaged in the manufacture of lime, his four kilns producing nine hundred bushels per day of very superior white lime, which was shipped by railroad to distant points. These operations gave employment to a force of thirty men. At Tyrone Forges Mr. Morris began work in November, 1879, engaging on a large scale in the development of a quarry which had been partially opened prior to his ownership. He built a side track half a mile long from the main line of the Pennsylva nia Railroad to the quarry, greatly facilitating the shipment of the raw limestone, and put up a mill for grinding the raw stone for use in glass-making and fertilizing purposes. The mill is supplied with French burrs, and is capacitated to grind twenty tons per twenty-four hours. The motor is a fifty-horse power engine, and nine men are employed in operating the mill, and fifty more in the quarry. The latter is fif teen hundred feet long, and of great thickness of stone, yielding ninety-six per cent, of carbonate of lime. In addition to the ten or fifteen car-loads shipped each day to furnaces at Johnstown and Altoona, four kilns of one thousand bushels capacity are kept burning, turning out an extra quality of lime. The labor of quarrying is lessened by the use of a steam drill, which works at the rate of five feet per hour. From the oflice at Tyrone Forges telephonic communication may be had with the quarry in Franklin, which are yet extensively carried on by A. G. Morris. He also owns several kilns near Bellefonte, in Centre County, and is one of the most extensive operators in his line in the interior of the State. William Mann & Co.'s Axe-Factory, one mile above Tyrone borough, is on the site of the Cold Spring Forge. This was built about 1835 by John Kratzer, and operated until the flood of 1838 destroyed it. Kratzer & Steele rebuilt the forge, the former also having a public-house and carrying on a large farm. Subsequent owners were John S. Isett & Son, who sold to William Edge, and he to other parties. After being idle some years in consequence of the general business depression following the panic of 1873, the " Pennsylvania Axe Company" (composed of A. S. Kerlin, John T. Franciscus, and S. S. Woods) leased the property, built an axe-factory, and began the manufacture of axes Dec. 26, 1880. In March, 1881, the company was dissolved, and soon after the busi ness passed into the hands of the present proprietors, with A. S. Kerlin as manager. The firm manufac tures the celebrated Mann axes, turning out about four hundred per day, and employing about forty men. The dam yields seventy horse-power, and the factory is well equipped. In addition to this building there are store-rooms, a mansion-house, and nine tene ments connected with the property Grazierville is a hamlet of fifteen or eighteen houses in the southern part of the township, near the Antes line. It is a flag-station on the Pennsylvania Railroad, one and a fourth miles from Tyrone borough, and has a pleasant location on an undulating tract of ground, which was a part of the farm of John W. Grazier, who laid out the place in the fall of 1871. The plat consists of a number of blocks, with three streets parallel with the railroad and half a dozen cross streets. About seventy lots have been sold, and the place may in time become suburban to Tyrone. There is a school-house and a place for public wor ship in a hall above the one store in the village, which is kept by Stewart R. Fox. In partnership with James C. Cramer, he was the first to engage in trade, opening a store in the fall of 1872 in a room in the upper part of the village. The present business-room was built by J. W. Grazier in 1873, and was soon after occupied by him and S. R. Fox as a store-room, the latter after a time succeeding to the business. The first house at Grazierville was built by John McFar land, the second by John Fry. Adjoining Grazierville on the north is the plat of West Tyrone, consisting of eight hundred and seventy- six lots, laid out on the old Cold Spring property. A few years ago the then proprietor, William Edge, Jr., set aside six hundred and forty acres for village pur poses in the vicinity of the forge and along the Little Juniata, but before he could carry out the project the property passed into other hands, and comparatively little has been done to create a village at West Ty rone. Near the east line of Snyder are the hamlets of Tyrone Forge and Irbnville. The former is an ag gregation of buildings, erected to carry on the busi ness connected with the manufacture of iron at that point, many of them being simply tenements. There are, besides, substantial store and warehouses, and a fine mansion occupied by the manager of the inter ests. The locality is one of the finest in the township. One-fourth of a mile farther down, the Juniata, or about one and one-fourth miles from Tyrone Bor ough, is Ironsville, a place of sixteen or eighteen houses. It was laid out on the farm of Thomas and Wesley Johnson, which afterwards became the prop erty of Thomas Weston. It was designed as a place of residence for workmen at the forges. A small store is kept by D. B. Dougherty. Others formerly in trade were John Buck, Joshua Cox, Charles Merryman, James McQuead, Moses Robeson, B. F. Haughawort, Stewart R. Fox, John T. Ross, and Joshua Stauffle. East Tyrone. — This is a small incorporated vil lage one mile east of the business part of the borough of Tyrone and at the upper end of the railroad yard of the Tyrone division of the Pennsylvania Company, under whose direction the place was laid out by 196 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. George C. Wilkins, at that time the superintendent of the Tyrone division. The plat embraces three streets running parallel with the railroad, bearing the names of Lincoln, Curtin, and Lyon. The transverse streets are numbered from one to six inclusive. The village site is well adapted to serve the purpose of the projectors of the borough, to provide pleasant and cheap homes for the employes of the railway company. Among the first houses erected were those of Jonathan Forshey, Thaddeus Kneiss, and Mrs. Simp son. A very neat brick school-house was built in 1876, and a frame Methodist Episcopal Church of small capacity several years earlier. There is no post-office, and it contains but one small store, the proximity to Tyrone making it impossible to maintain a large business. The first store was opened about 1872 by Gray & Co., and soon after Hoover & Woods en gaged in merchandising. At the latter stand Smith & Gray are in trade. The village numbered in 1880 two hundred and seventy-nine inhabitants. East Tyrone was incorporated as a borough by order of the Court of Quarter Sessions July 28, 1873, becoming at the same time a separate school and election district. The first election was to be held in September, 1873, at the store of Hoover & Woods, with John Nowlin as the judge; but no record of the proceedings appears to have been preserved. The officers of East Tyrone since then have been as follows : 1874. — Assessor, William Shannon; Constable, Alfred Crowther; Au ditor, John K. Swartz; School Directors, T. A. Kneiss, Henry Forshey, Alfred Crowther, John Shoneman, W. J. Bell, and Thomas Kelleher. 1875.— Burgess, Thomas McQuillan ; Councilmen, J. E. Stewart, Martin Fallon, Thomas Kelleher, Daniel Donnelly, H. Forshey, John Sharrar; Constable, John Nowlin; Auditor, John Zimmerman; School Directors, John Nowlin, Martin Fallon, and John Hagan. 1876. — Burgess, Thomas McQuillan; Councilmen, James Cassaday, S. Stonebraker, F. A. Kneiss, C. Kryder, D. Cronester, George Beeder; Constable, John Nowlin ; School Directors, John Hagan, H. C. Budd, David Snyder. 1877.— Burgess, W. H. Bobertson ; Councilmen, Thomas McQuillan, Thomas Kelleher, Martin Fallon, H. C. Budd, Daniel Donnelly, W. A. Reed; Assessor, H. C. Budd; Auditor, JameB Attes; ConBtable, John Nowlin; School Directors, F. A, Kneiss, Daniel Donuelly. 1878. — Assessor, William Shannon ; Constable, John Nowlin ; Auditor, James Zimmerman ; School Directors, A. Huss, T. Reader, and Peter Fry. 1879. — Burgess, G. W. McLain ; Councilmen, James Dixon, David Snyder, Thomas McQuillan, F. A. Kneiss, Thomas McCann, Henry Wood- ring ; ABBessor, Daniel Donnelly ; Constable, John Nowlin ; Au ditor, Samuel McKinney; School Directors, Henry Knapp, H. C. Budd. 1880. — Burgess, George W. McLain; Councilmen, N. Kephart, Thomas Kelleher, Daniel Donnelly, H. 0. Budd, Peter Denny, John C. Say lor ; Assessor, Thomas Kelleher ; Constable, John C. Saylor ; Auditor, Alfred Myells. 1880.— Burgess, Louis J. Gibler; Councilmen, John R. Stewart, Peter Laney, G. W. McLain, William Lewis, Thomas McQuillan, Jr., Peter Fay; Constable, Thomas McQuillan, Sr.; Auditor, Francis A. Bryan ; School Directors, T. B. Reeder, Noble Kephart, and John Cupp. The school at East Tyrone had in 1880 an enroll ment of 35 male and 26 female pupils, and the school was maintained at an expense of $441.30. In the township of Snyder, outside of the boroughs, there were seven schools taught six months in 1880. The male attendants numbered 158, the female 97, and the average number of pupils attending was 197. The cost of instructing each pupil was $1.05 per month. Since the organization of the township the school directors have been the following : 1841, Robert Caldwell, John Dickson, Andrew Baughman, George Markley, Abraham Stonebraker; 1842, John Kratzer, John A. Davidson ;1843, George Markley, Joshua Burley ; 1844, John Dickson, Abraham Stonebraker; 1845, John Kratzer, John Baughman, Moses Robeson ; 1846, John Burley, John Baughman ; 1847, James Dunbar John Fox, John Kratzer ; 1848, Solomon Hamer, Joseph C. Crocker; 1849, Samuel Shellenberger, Jacob Stevens ; 1850, Henry Cryder, Joseph Baughman; 1851, John McFarland, Joshua Burley; 1852, Henry Cryder, John Baughman ; 1853, Goorge Lissler, John H. Given ; 1854, John A. Davidson, John D. Stewart; 1855, James Duncan, Henry Cryder; 1856, Alexader Baker, Henry Woomer; 1857, Jacob N. Jones, James McFarland, Thomas Merryman ; 1858, David Moore, Bobert Waring, John McFarland, John Lewis, G. W. Given; 1859, Samuel Nowlin, Thomas Van Scoyoo; 1860, Robert Waring, John N. Manning, Joseph Grazier; 1861, Alfred Kerriker, John Lewis; 1862, Thomas Van Scoyoc, John Kreiner ; 1863, George Fageley, William R. Plummer; 1864, William Merryman, Alfred Carnihan, William Donnelly; 1865, Joseph Woomer, George H. Given ; 1866, Thomas Stewart, William Hunter ; 1867, Josiah Moore, Robert Waring; 1868, John A. Davidson, George Treaster; 1869, ' James Duncan, Jonathan Woomer; 1870, Henry K. Nearhoof, S. d Stewart; 1871, Martin Cowler, Wesley Grazier; 1872, Jonathan Woomer,. David Smith; 1873, Henry Nearhoof, F. Snyder; 1874, George Dickson, Henry Smith ; 1875, D. Woomer, Hiram Fridley; 1876, William Gates, Alexander Miller; 1877, Joshua Gorsuch, Samuel Bressler; 1878, Hiram Fridley, Sanford Stonebraker, A. Van Scoyoc; 1879, Jonathan Woomer, Alexander Miller; 1880, Joshua Gorsuch, George Fageley; 1881, Joseph Woomer, Emanuel Kinch. The church organizations in the township have a dependence upon the religious bodies of Tyrone borough, and their history is in essentials the same as those given in an account of that place, hence it is omitted here to avoid repetition. The East Tyrone Chapel of the Methodist Episcopal Church was built in 1871, at a cost of fifteen hundred dollars. At this time there was a class of fifteen members, with Jona than B. Grey as leader. The ministers from Tyrone Borough served the church a few years, and in 1873-74, Rev. George Guyer was the pastor. In 1875 Rev. T. H. Switzer was the preacher, and at present the ap pointment belongs to Birmingham Circuit. CHAPTER XXIV. TYRONE BOROUGH. This enterprising and prosperous village is in the southeast part of SnyMer township. At that period Capt. Logan lived with his family in a small cabin then standing near the large spring (which is undoubt edly the outlet of Sinking Run) in that part of the vil lage where are now Tyrone's public buildings. Before the land covered by the borough could be developed for ordinary farming purposes it became the property of John Gloninger & Co., iron-masters, and formed *o ¦% *M <^ ?^ Vfl M M ^ W *\ * ¦y * IS ¦> + M _ o 0 Vj ^ ^ * * > t 0.9 y 09 h- i 09 0 II 1 1 K « •N) Gl f* " N. '*" + 1 , .',' ' > is* to «) * , *J t vi <* 5 ¦n J - ' "* s -J se 37 101 IOC. a 103 /0 + * /or 1 lot 107 ma TYEOKE CITY, BLAIR CO., PA. Surveyed July, 1857, by J. Simpson Africa, HUNTINGDON, PA. Engraved Expressly for this Work. "- ; "• JACOB BITELBY. TYRONE BOROUGH. 197 a part of the Tyrone Forges estate. In their hands and their successors (Lyon, Shorb & Co., or William M. Lyon & Co.) but a small portion was tilled, and much of the valley at Tyrone has quite recently been redeemed from its primitive condition. Among the early settlers on the Gloninger tract was Elisha Davis, who opened a farm in the upper part of the borough, and had a small saw-mill operated by the waters of Sinking Run. The locality is sometimes yet spoken of as the Davis place, although the original owner removed to Ohio as early as 1826. After sell ing out, this farm was improved by William M. Lyon & Co., who built a log house where is now the residence of Samuel McCamant, and a large barn, which stood in rear of the present Catholic parsonage. Among the tenants who occupied the farm were John Hender son, and at a later period Philip Hoover. On the site of the Central Hotel was a small cabin, in which lived Jacob Burley, and on the present corner of Main and Allegheny Streets was the log school build ing where was kept the first public-house, from 1851 to 1852. Just before the village was laid out Jacob Burley built a small frame house on the site now occupied by the Study Block, which was in part occupied as a residence by him in the winter of 1850, while the other part of the house was used as a store room by Burley & Stewart. The building thus be came the first business house in the borough, which was founded about this time. Among the first settlers in Huntingdon County were the Burleys and Bowlers. The Burleys were men of giant stature and of fearless natures, men fitted by nature to be in the advance of civilization, to clear away the forests and brave the dangers of pioneer life. The Rowlers were noted Indian-fight ers of the Juniata Valley, one of whom was killed by an Indian, who also met his death at the hand of the man slain by him. John Burley, the first of the name to settle in the New World, came from England, the land of his birth, in the ship " Blessing," in 1635, and located at Norwich, Conn. Of his descendants the first of whom anything definite is known was Isaac Burley, who moved from New Jersey in 1766 and settled at Standing Stone, in what is now Hunt ingdon County, Pa. A few years later we again find him in advance of the settlements, settling in Sink ing Valley, which was then the Indian territory, now Tyrone township. The wilderness he then made his home has become fine farms and occupied by the descendants in many cases of the hardy pioneers who then braved the danger of Indian warfare and laid the foundation for the improvements which has made it one of Pennsylvania's finest valleys. In this val ley he died, leaving a family of eleven children, of whom John Burley was the third. He was born in the valley and passed his days there. He married Miss Elizabeth Rowler, of the family above named. They had one daughter and six sons, all of whom were men of large stature. Of these Joshua was born about 1794, also in the valley. He was a car penter, and made (in his latter days) his home in Tyrone, where he built the Central Hotel, which he owned at the time of his death, which occurred in 1853. He married Emily Hopkins, and they had seven children, of whom the subject of this sketch, Jacob Burley, was the second. He was born in Franklin township, Huntingdon Co., Jan. 29, 1817. Mr. Burley grew to manhood in the home of his birth, gaining an education such as could be ob tained at the district schools of that day. With his father he learned the carpenter's trade, at which he worked fifteen years. In 1848 he engaged in the mercantile business at Ironville, and in November, 1850, built the first house erected in Tyrone, part of which served as a store, the rest as a dwelling-house. He remained in the mercantile business two years, then sold out, and for six years worked for the Penn sylvania Railroad Company as freight and ticket agent at Tyrone. In 1858, Mr. Burley entered into partnership with E. J. Pruner, in the lumber and mercantile business. Their store was in Tyrone, their lumbering in the Bald Eagle Valley. He sold out to Mr. Pruner in 1867, and in 1870 established the coal and oil busi ness, now known as the firm of Burley & Son. When the Tyrone, Clearfield and Erie Railroad was char tered, Mr. Burley was elected one of its first directors ; was also a director in the Tyrone and Bald Eagle Plank-road Company, and remained one until the road was abandoned. In early life Mr. Burley was a Whig, and since the formation of the Republican party has been an ardent supporter of its principles. Was elected commissioner of Blair County in 1849, which office he held three years. Nominated by his party for the State Legislature in 1858, he was trium phantly elected, and for two terms represented his ' district in that body, serving as chairman of the com mittee on new counties and county-seats, also on the committee on railroads. The second term was on ways and means and railroad committees. For many years he has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and for six years one of its trustees. He was married to Miss Isabel Igou on the — — day. of June, 1841. She was daughter of John Igou. To Mr. and Mrs. Burley has been born one son, Henry Clay Burley, born April 26, 1843. He graduated at Philadelphia and learned the printer's trade, but, as above set forth, is now in business with his father. Edmund J. Pruner was born in Bellefonte, Centre Co., Pa., on the 22d day of February, 1840. His an cestors on the paternal side were of German, on the maternal of Scotch-Irish extraction. The Pruners came from Germany during the latter part of the seventeenth century, and settled on Manhattan Island, N. Y., from whence they removed to Lebanon County, Pa. The great-grandfather of Edmund J. was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, also served 198 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. with Gen. Wayne, and was with him at the battle of Paoli. His son, Peter Pruner, married a Miss Wolf, and about the year 1800 settled in Brush Valley, where he followed his trade of milling. To them were born two sons and two daughters. The eldest son, David I. Pruner, was born near Wolfs Store in 1804, and became a carpenter. He married Miss Sally Denny, daughter of Philip and Margaret (McCauley) Denny. Miss McCauley was a descendant of the old and prominent Scotch-Irish family of that name who lived in County Antrim, on the line between Ireland and Scotland. Philip Denny left England in the ship "Roebuck," of which an elder brother was com mander, and landed in the New World prior to the Revolution, in which war he served on the side of the colonies, also with Gen. Wayne at Paoli. Some time after the close of the war he settled in Centre County near Bellefonte, where he died in 1818. After his marriage, David I. Pruner made his home in Bellefonte, where he worked at his -trade and as a contractor, building some of the finest houses in the borough at that time, many of which are still standing. He was a Democrat, and for many years held the office of justice of the peace, his first appointment as such being from Governor David R. Porter. About the year 1854 he bought a large tract of land on the Moshannon Creek in Clearfield County, on which he laid out the village of Osceola. He was the head of the firm of D. I. Pruner & Co., and was largely interested in the lumber business of Clearfield County. The railroad in Philipsburg had not then been built, and there was no cheap and ready trans portation for the immense lumber interests of Clear field and the northern part of Centre Counties. Mr. Pruner secured the co-operation of Governor Curtin, Judge Hale, John M. Hale, Governor Morgan, of New York, and others, and a bill was introduced in the Pennsylvania Legislature _ asking for a charter for a railroad from Tyrone to Osceola. The bill did not become a law, but at the next session a charter was granted for the Tyrone, Clearfield and Erie Rail road. Mr. Pruner was one of the directors of the road, and through the efforts of the parties named above it was graded as far as Philipsburg, Pa. It was finally sold on a mortgage and bought by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, who at once pro ceeded to complete and put the road in running order. To Mr. and Mrs. Pruner were born eight children, viz., Maggie, Mary, William, Daniel, Edmund J., Joseph, Robert M., and Sally. Mr. Pruner died in Bellefonte in 1880. Daniel Pruner served for a time in the Eleventh United States Infantry, from which he was promoted to a lieutenancy in the Twenty- second Pennsylvania Cavalry. He died in 1864 of disease contracted in the army. Joseph D. Pruner served in Gen. Sickles' brigade, and for a time in the Signal Corps. Robert M. enlisted before he was sev enteen years old in the Forty-fifth Pennsylvania In fantry, afterwards in the First Pennsylvania Cavalry, in which he served until the close of the war. He met his death by accident on the railroad in August, 1882. When fifteen years old, Edmund J. Pruner started out to earn his own living. He worked at whatever he could get to do until 1855, when he went to Phila delphia. He arrived there with but little money, and for a time experienced many difficulties, but, nothing daunted, he still held on in his determination to make his way in the world. He finally obtained em ployment as a clerk in a dry-goods and notion store, where he remained until 1857, when he came to Ty rone and entered into the mercantile business. Two years after he built on Main Street near the Juniata River the building he still owns, which was then one of the best in town. Soon after this he engaged in the lumber business in the Bald Eagle Valley, where he owned and operated several steam saw-mills. Dur ing the war he furnished the Pennsylvania and other railroad companies with large quantities of lumber for building cars, locomotives, and bridges, and also supplied the United States government with a con siderable quantity. The lumber used in constructing the first engines sent from the United States to Rus sia was furnished by him. Mr. Pruner was one of the original stockholders of the Northern Pacific Railroad, with Jay Cooke and others, and he took a prominent part in the early completion of the rail roads centering at Tyrone. He also helped to open up the first bituminous coal-mines operated in Clear field and Centre Counties, and the company of which he was a member, the Osceola Coal Company, intro duced the bituminous coal of the Clearfield region into the Eastern cities, and was the first shipper of coal over the Tyrone and Clearfield Railroad. He is an ardent Republican, but has never sought office, and has held only minor ones in the town in which he resides. As a business man, he has been very success ful, a fact due to his untiring energy and force of character. In 1871 he retired from business in Ty rone, and passes most of his time in New York and Philadelphia, where he has business connections. The first survey of lots was made for the proprie tors, William M. Lyon & Co., by John T. Matthias early in the season of 1851. The plot embraced sev enty-five lots of large size, six usually constituting a, square. The lots were located north of the present Juniata and west of Main Street, the northern and western bounds of the plot being Clearfield Street and Lincoln Avenue. Subsequent surveys were made by Judge Gwynn in behalf of the proprietors, and other unrecorded additions have been made to the village from time to time. The town thus laid out at first bore no name, various cognomens being sug gested, as Eagleville, from its location at the upper end of Bald Eagle Valley ; Shorbsville, for the pro prietor, who had such unbounded faith in the future of the new town ; but the title of Tyrone City was finally selected, the latter part of the name being &i cr^h^^/yTzccr^^^ TYRONE BOROUGH. 199 used to distinguish it from the forges a short distance down the Juniata. In the course of a few years the word city was dropped by common consent, and the proper title of the place has since been simply Ty rone. The first purchase of lots was made by Jacob Burley and J. D. Stewart, who secured the entire block upon which stands the " City Hotel" and the adjoining buildings, for four hundred and fifty dol lars, and which they soon after begau to improve. Upon the original survey the first building, a resi dence, was put up by Thomas Sharrar in the summer of 1851. The same season William Andrews, a butcher, put up a small brick house, the first of that material. Before the year closed other buildings were occupied by A. V. Cope, brickmaker ; Jacob Jones, carpenter ; Samuel Jones, potter ; Henry Henchey, tinner ; and Thomas Brown, saddler. The population was con siderably augmented the next few years, among the number being some who brought means to make sub stantial improvements, and who have since been iden tified with the interests of the place, contributing their means and energy to make Tyrone what it is. Deserv ing of mention in that connection are Cols. E. J. Pru ner, E. L. Study, P. Sneeringer, Samuel Berlin, Sam uel Jones, J. L. Holmes, and others, whose names are appropriately recorded in the sketches of the indus tries of the village. The Rev. J. D. Stewart has always been most active in promoting the welfare of the borough, and has from the very beginning of the place maintained his faith in its future. His associate pioneer, Hon. Jacob Burley, is a descendant of one of the first settlers of the county, the family residence having been in Ty rone township. He has been identified with nearly all of Tyrone's public interests. In the fall of 1850, William G. Waring purchased a tract of land above the great spring, on the Juniata, on which a nursery for common fruit and ornamental trees was begun, which. has since been carried on by him and his brother Robert. A large portion of this tract has since become a part of Tyrone borough, and consti tutes one of the most attractive places of the village. The brothers Waring rank among the foremost citi zens of this part of the county. The former was for years connected with the State Agricultural College, and has attained distinction as a writer on agricultu ral subjects. The latter until recently has been the leading citizen of Snyder township, his homestead being outside the borough limits. Some time before the Revolutionary war there came from Ireland in quest of a home one James Crawford, who settled, it is thought, in the eastern part of the State of Pennsylvania. He married a Miss Jordan, who was also a native of the Emerald Isle, and soon after moved to what was then Bedford County, and near where Hollidaysburg now stands bought a tract of wild land. He made some improvements, and built a house, from which he was driven by the Indians, and compelled to take refuge in the fort. On his re turn he found only a bed of ashes where he had left a comfortable home. He next located near the village of Newry, in Huntingdon County, then Bedford, where he cleared and improved a farm on which he died. William Crawford, son of James, was born on the Newry farm on the 4th day of May, 1786. Arrived at manhood he married Miss Fanny Moore, and com menced life on his own account as a farmer. In 1829 he sold out and moved into Sinking Valley, lo cating on the farm now owned by Reuben Fox, on which he died in 1833. They reared a family of eight sons and one daughter ; their average height was six feet and a quarter of an inch, average weight two hun dred and two pounds. Their third child, Robert Crawford, was born near Newry, Sept. 3, 1818. He was eleven years of age when his father moved into Sinking Valley, which from that time until his death was his permanent home, save three years in Canoe Valley, and a season spent in traveling. His education was, like the farmer boys of that time, such as could be obtained by a few weeks' ^attendance at the district schools during the winters of his early boyhood. On the 18th day of February, 1847, he was joined in marriage to Miss Mary Fleck, daughter of David and Mary (Ramey) Fleck. She was born in Sinking Valley, Dec. 24, 1826. Her grandfather, George Fleck, who was of German origin, was an early settler in the valley. He had a family of eight children, of whom David was the seventh. In 1843, Mr. Crawford went to Missouri, where his brother David had already gone, but, not' liking the country, he returned to Sinking Valley, making the entire dis tance on horseback. His start in life was made when but eighteen years of age, working on a farm at eight dollars per month during the summer. After his marriage he bought, in partnership with one of his brothers, a farm in the upper end of the valley. In 1849 he sold his share to his brother, and then for a couple of years worked at whatever he could get to do; then for three years worked a rented farm in Canoe Valley. He then bought the farm now owned by John Isett, on which he remained eleven years, then sold out and bought the farm now owned by his heirs, and on which he died July 21, 1882. The farm was cleared when he bought, and became under his management one of the fine farms for which the valley is noted, the buildings, fences, etc., being improvements made by him. He was a Republican in politics, and heldsome of the township offices, but not at his request. For many years he was a member of the Lutheran Church, and was many years an officer therein. He died full of years, mourned and regretted by a large circle of friends and acquaintances. To Mr. and Mrs. Crawford were born the following children : Amanda J., born Dec. 3, 1847, died Sept. 29,1856 ; David W., June 28, 1849, married to Miss Sally Kough ; William, Nov. 27, 1851, died Jan. 29, 1852 ; Mary F., April 22, 1853, died June 21, 1853 ; Elizabeth, June 24, 1854, married to S. H. Smith ; Olivia A., Dec. 9, 1856 ; 200 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Luther F., Jan. 1, 1859, married Miss Harriet Bryan ; John R., Aug. 19, 1860; and Elmer, born July 19, 1863. "Mr. Robert Crawford, aged sixty-three years, ten months, and a few days, died at his home in Sinking Valley on Friday last, and was buried at the Lutheran Church of that place on Sunday. Mr. Crawford was a consistent member of the Lutheran Church for many years, afrd lived a life that proved him to be sincere in all his professions. Religion with him was not a cloak to be worn on special occasions, as a mere passport in society, but an ever-flowing fountain of pure delight, accompanying him in all his walks through life, and guiding his every action. His dealings with his fellow-men were always straight forward and upright. As a man, he was honest, industrious, and benevolent. The appreciation in which he was held as a citizen was shown by the large number of people who paid respect to his re mains. It is said to have been the largest funeral ever known in Sinking Valley ; not less than eighty distinct conveyances were in the funeral procession. The deceased was an old resident of Sinking Valley, having lived there nearly his whole life. In his younger days he spent a part of his life in Illinois and Missouri, but found the people and climate of the fertile valley more congenial to his tastes. He married a Miss Fleck, daughter of David Fleck, who survives him. He first purchased the farm on which John Isett now lives, but sold it and bought the farm on which he died. His family is left in comparatively good circumstances. All his property was attained by his own exertions and industry." — Tyrone Herald. In a property-list prepared for 1868 the following names and occupations are given, which shows the citizenship of the borough at that period : Aultz, Samuel, inn-keeper. Adair, Jobn, laborer. Berlin, Samuel, druggist. Burley, Jacob, politician. Burley, J. H., cabinet-maker. Burley, George, carpenter. Burley, Caleb, carpenter. Burley, J. C, engineer. Calderwood, J. M., express agent. Caldwell, D. T., banker. Cochran, John, laborer. Denny, John, laborer. Difton, John, laborer. Deahl, Jacob, tailor. Dysart, Joseph, laborer. Erming, Leonard, salesman. Fox, John, blacksmith. Falkender, John, carpenter. Graffius, Edward, merchant. GraffiuB, Thomas, merchant. Grazier, Gideon, blacksmith. Guyer, Caleb, railroad agent. Gallahan, Conrad, laborer. Hoover, A. B., merchant. Heims, T. B., merchant. Hagy, Clement, shoemaker. Hiller, J. A., saddler. Hoffman, Frederick, laborer. Holmes, J. L., editor. Henderson, William, carpenter. HoltziDger, H. R., editor. Igou, G. W., carpenter. Ike, Jeremiah, merchant. Johnston, Augustus, engineer. Johnston, David, salesman. Kal ben sch lager, James, laborer. Kalbenschlager, Wm., blacksmith. Kountz, William, baker. Laird, S. C, merchant. Lambrlght, Daniel, painter. McCoy, James, inspector. Marks, Samuel, carpenter. Miller, Israel, inn-keeper, McLain, David, carpenter. McFarland, John, laborer. Nowlin, Samuel, tailor. Nowlin, Weston, merchant. Putt, Lewis, merchant. Pruner, E. J., lumber merchant. Plummer, J. S-, postmaster. Quinn, James, teacher. Ramsay, G. W., merchant. Reinmund, G., tailor. Roedell, H. H., physician. RuBsell, Jacob, engineer. Robertson, Alexander, laborer. Reed, James, lumber merchant. Stewart, John D., minister. Steiner, Andrew, laborer. Sneeringer, Pius, merchant Study, E. L., merchant. Sausser, W. J , marble-cutter. Stokes, W., millwright. Sidlinger, George, laborer. Study, Samuel M., merchant. Stettler, JonaB, inn-keeper. Shontz, John, carpenter. Smith, John, butcher. Toner, A. C, merchant. Troutwine, George, inn-keeper. Wood, Daniel D.t train-master. Walton, I. P., jeweler. Weston, Mary A., inn- keeper. Walker, J. H., minister. Wilmore, John, wagon-maker. Weston, George, mason. Weight, John, farmer. Weight, John, laborer. All the foregoing were the owners of improved real estate, while the following were tenants : Andrews, William, butcher. Anderson, Sampson, laborer. Albright, John, railroad engineer. Ackers, John, plasterer. Bell, James M ., merchant. Berlin, Samuel, clerk. Brown, John, laborer. Bell, W. J., conductor. Barr, S. W., merchant. Burkett, George W., physician. Buchel, Thomas, weaver. Baring, Thomas, plasterer. Cupp, Jacob, laborer. Gree, Samuel, merchant. Cramer, B. F., merchant. Cramer. John, laborer. Crawford, M. G., druggist. dimming*, Seymour, clerk. Clark, J. W., minister. Coryell, J., engineer. Cole, Frank, saloon-keeper. Cochran, William, laborer. Cox, Johp, engineer. Christy, — — , physician. Dickson, George, carpenter. Dinges, Jones, engineer. Donnelly, William, miller. Eckenrode, J. H., inn-keeper. Eck, William, carpenter. Farren, John, minister. Frantz, Josiah, shoemaker. Greeu, William, laborer. Gantt, W., carpenter. Gibbony, B. F., grocer. Haltzinger, J. H., teacher. Harpham, H. T., artist. Harper, J. M., laborer. Henchy, T. C, tinner. Henchy, Henry, tinner. Havery, Charles, engineer. Hull, George, laborer. Herr, George, laborer. Haggerty, Joseph, blacksmith. Harden, Joseph, laboror. Huston, James, carpenter. Hazlett, James, laborer. Irvin, David, laborer. Johnston, Moses, laborer. Judge, Michael, blacksmith. Jolly, M. T., editor. JohnBton, Thomas (colored), la borer. Lowdon, James, founder, Lightner, J., inn-keeper. McKinney, John, carpenter. Myers, W. O., laborer. Malot, Samuel, laborer. Merryman, George, laborer. Murray, Thomas, section boss. McGonagle, W. A., train-dis patcher. McFarland, Theodore, cabinet maker. McCune, Samuel, carpenter. McCann, Edward, laborer. McClure, James, laborer. Miller, Henry, shoemaker. Owens, D.M., merchant. Owens, W. J., dentist. Plummer, John, laborer. Port, William, laborer. Prideaux, William, minister. Powell, D. E. (colored), barber. Rung, J. F., tinner. Ray, James, laborer. Reid, G. W., carpenter. Straithoof, Henry, blacksmith. Switzer, Christian, laborer. Sells, James, printer. Stamm, Jacob, engineer. Stonebraker, A. V., laborer, Stonebraker, Scott, laborer. Smith, David, butcher. Shannon, William, fireman. Thomas, J. W., merchant. Van Scoyoc, Thomas, laborer. Williams, James, laborer. Wolf, Jacob, laborer. At the same period the original town of Tyrone contained the following single freemen : Andrews, Charles, bricklayer. Andrews, Artemas, butcher. Arford, Frederick, laborer. Bell, J. C, clerk. Burley, W. H., laborer. Burley, Martin, billiard saloon. Cox, William, fireman. Crawford, J. A., merchant. Carothers, W., railroad boss. Cochran, John, laborer. Dewitt, H., laborer. Ehrman, John, laborer. Fowler, Frank, carpenter. Fleisher, Jacob, merchant. Gingrich, Reed, carpenter. Henchy, John, tinner. Hiltner, John, carpenter. Hood, Samuel, laborer. Haupt, Allison, conductor. Hinkle, J. J., shoemaker. Hazlett, S. V., laborer. Irvin, Samuel, laborer. Johnston, John, laborer. Johnston, Cornelius, laborer. Johnston, James, laborer. Jones, C. W. S., printer. Johnston, David, laborer. Lambright, Robert, painter. Langltlin, Charles, laborer. Leib, D. J., dentist. Lavy, John, laborer. Miller, George, carpenter. TYRONE BOROUGH. 201 McLannahan, R. G., carpenter. McGonnagle, S., laborer. Owens, Frank, clerk. Quinn, Wellington, teacher. Ripley, Fred., jeweler. Ream, Jacob, mason. Surrigan, Patrick, railroad boss. Stephens, W., saloon-keeper. Stover, B., laborer. Snyder, L., dentist. Theachner, Wm., cigar-maker. Vogt, William, merchant. Walley, James, laborer. Zerby, Albert, baggage-master. Zerby, Edward, brakeman. In the additions to the borough of Tyrone there lived in 1868 married men as follows : McClelland, Robert, carpenter. Mumberg, Christian, shoemaker. Miles, Mitchell, painter. Opherkuck, Christian, carpenter. Plummer, Henry, foreman. Rhinehart, John, carpenter. Scott, David, carpenter. Shay, Dennis, laborer. Schell, George, laborer. Shontz, John, carpenter. Seegar, Christian, carpenter. Sharrar, H., carpenter. Van Scoyoc, A., carpenter. Wilkins, William, division super intendent. Wesley, Charles, carpenter. Waring, Robert, gardener. Waring, William G., gardener. Burdue, John, carpenter. , Boyer, J. J., inn-keeper. Beyer, F. D., planing-mill. Burkett, Henry, brewery. Ehtnan, George, laborer, Forshey, Jonathan, railroad boss. Fisher, Jacob, laborer. Geary, Hammond, mason. Getz, Henry, painter. Heidler, A., laborer. Halen, Thomas, laborer. Height, George, laborer. Lanners, William, mason. Leonard, Stephen, tanner. Meinhart, Lawrence, laborer. Miller, Henry, laborer. Myers, Henry, carpenter. Meredith, William, laborer. May, John, laborer. Single Freemen. Calderwood, A. P., physician. Forshey, D., laborer. Calderwood, Thomas, laborer. Smith, Robert, blacksmith. Davidson, George W., carpenter. Stirk, George, laborer. In 1870 the population of Tyrone was eighteen hundred; at present (1881) it is three thousand. Municipal Government. — A report from the grand jury on the 29th day of April, 1857, recommended that the prayer of the petitioners be granted, and on the 27th of July, 1857, the court confirmed the grand inquest, deciding that it become an incorporate body under the acts of 1834 and* 1851, pertaining to and regulating boroughs. The time for holding the first election was set for the 11th day of August, and Ben jamin Jones was appointed judge, with William Stokes and Samuel Berlin as inspectors of the election then to be held. The officers elected at that time were duly qualified Aug. 17, 1857, as follows : Jona than H. Burley, burgess; Samuel Berlin, William R. Maxwell, John D. Bell, J. W. Jones, and C. Guyer, councilmen; C. Guyer, clerk; S. Berlin, treasurer; John Marks, street commissioner; Alexander Bobb, high constable. Nov. 21, 1857, an ordinance for protection against fires was passed, William Stokes and Benjamin Jones being appointed firemen. Jan. 20, 1858, it was voted that a lock-up, of plank, eight by twelve feet, be built on the school-house lot. J. W. Jones was the builder, and the cost was about seventy-five dollars. The offi cers elected February 19th of this year were: Chief Burgess, J. H. Burley ; Councilmen, Samuel Berlin, J. W. Jones, William R. Maxwell, James Crowther, and C. Guyer, the latter being also the clerk. John W. Cramer was appointed high constable, and John Marks street commissioner. The following have been the officers from 1859 : 1869. — William Davidson, chief burgess ; James Crowther, John Peightal, Caleb R. Burley, J. 0. Mattern, and Samuel Berlin, councilmen ; M. H. Jolly, clerk; Samuel Boyer, high constable; and John Marks, street commisBiouer. 1860. — James Crowther,burgess; John Peightal, J. M; Calderwood, John Falkender, Jacob Stephens, and E. L. Study, councilmen ; James H. Galer, high constable; John Marks, street commissioner. In the summer of 1860 numerous pavements were ordered to be laid. 1861. — John M. Harper, burgess; J. M. Calderwood, Jacob Stephens, Joseph Williams, John A. Miller, and Charles Merryman, council- men ; John W. Thomas, clerk; John Marks, street commissioner; J. A. Galer, high constable; and William 0. Myers, collector. 1862.— William 0. Myers, burgess ; E. W. Graffius, G. W. Ramsey, John Falkender, G. W. Lyon, and C. Merryman, councilmen; J. M. Cal derwood, clerk; J. L. Plummer, high constable ; F. M. Bell, treasurer. 1863. — I. P. Walton, burgess; George W. Ramsey, John Falkender, Wil liam Stokes, John 'Fox., and C. R. Burley, councilmen ; B, F. Cramer, high constable ; J. M. Calderwood, clerk ; Samuel Jones, street com missioner. 1864.— Samuel Berlin, burgess; George Mattern, William Stokes, James McCoy, A. B. Hoover, and John Fox, councilmen; J. M. Calder wood, clerk ; B. F . Cramer, high constable ; J. H. Burley, treasurer ; John Cramer, street commissioner. The borough issued its bonds for four thousand dollars, payable to C. Guyer, J. D. Stewart, T. B. Heims, and E. L. Study, to raise funds to pay each man required for the United States service to fill the quota of Tyrone, one hundred dollars. The tax levy the same year was for three thousand dollars. In February, 1865, bonds were issued for a loan of two thousand dollars more to clear the borough of a draft. The same month a seal was ordered for the use of the borough, and Feb. 25, 1865, C. Guyer, J. D. Stewart, and A. B. Hoover were appointed a committee to pe tition the court to extend the borough limits. 1865.— James Bell, burgess; A. B. Hoover, T. B. Harris, C. Guyer, J. D. Stewart, and Samuel Jones, councilmen; J. M. Calderwood, clerk; John Cramer, high constable; E. L. Study, treasurer. 1866.— I. P. Walton, burgess; C. Guyer, T. B. Heims, James McFarland, Samuel J. Marks, and John McFarlan, councilmen ; J. M. Calder wood, clerk ; John Cramer, high constable. This year A. C. Farrar and Christian Albright were appointed fire inspectors. 1867;— I. P. Walton, burgess ; E. L. Study, Israel Miller, Samuel J. Marks, James A. Quinn, and A. C. Toner, councilmen ; J. M. Calderwood, clerk ; John Cramer, high constable ; Thomas L. Caldwell, treasurer ; Leonard Ehman, street commissioner ; B. F. Cramer, assessor. On the 9th of March of this year the Council recog nized the petition of twenty-nine lot-owners of Snyder township asking to be included within the borough, and passed an ordinance to that effect. 1868.— S. W. Barr, burgess ; J. A. Quinn, W. 0. Myers, G. W. Igou, Jacob Stephens, and E. W. Thompson, councilmen; J. M. Calderwood, clerk; John Cramer, high constable. 1869.— S. W. Barr, burgess ; W. 0. Myers, John Adair, Jacob Burley, T. W. Graffius, and Samuel M. Study, councilmen ; J. M. Calderwood, clerk ; Jacob Stevens, street commissioner and high constable. March 26, 1869, fifty-two persons residing in Snyder township petitioned for annexation to the borough of Tyrone. Their request was favorably acted upon, and they became a part of the corporation according to an ordinance soon after enacted. 1870. George W. Ramsey, burgess; Augustine Johnston, George Bur ley, Gideon Grazier, Samuel J. Marks, and Christian Seeger, coun cilmen; J. M. Calderwood, clerk ; John Cramer, high constable; D. T. Caldwell; treasurer ; John Cramer, street commissioner. 202 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. At the October election, held this year, G. W. Ramsey was elected burgess; George Burley, J. A. Crawford, A. B. Hoover, Henry Myers, and S. M. Aults, councilmen ; John M. Calderwood, clerk ; and John Cramer, high constable. 1872. — James M. Calderwood, burgess ; A. B. Hoover, James McGovern, Samuel McCamant, G. W. Burket, D. T. Caldwell, and Christian Seeger, councilmen; W. George Waring, clerk and surveyor; A. A. Stevens, solicitor. In 1872 the borough's public building, on the corner of Spring and Juniata Streets, was erected at a cost of $9086.48. The superstructure was built by C. Op- ferkuch. 1873.— J. M. Calderwood, burgeBs; D. T. Caldwell, Samuel McCamant, H. C. Christy, F. D. Beyer, Jacob Burley, and Fred. Vogt, council- men ; J. D. Hicks, clerk ; Caleb Guyer, treasurer ; William Cochran, high constable. 1874.— Thomas W. Graffius, burgess; F. D. Beyer, T. B. Heims, C. J. Kegel, John Farrell, A. A. Smith, and William Mcllvaine, council- men ; J. D. Hicks, clerk; Caleb Guyer, treasurer; W. H. Cochran, street commissioner. 1875.— T. W. Graffius, burgess ; W. Fisk Conrad, C. J. Kegel, Christian Albright, J. C. M. Hamilton, D. D. Wood, William T. Henderson, John Farrell, W. H. H. Nivling, councilmen; C. Guyer, treasurer; William Biddle, high constable; D. T. Caldwell, clerk; William Biddle, street commissioner. In May, 1874, an act of the General Assembly was approved dividing the borough into four wards, and authorizing the election of two councilmen and two school directors from each ward. This act went into effect at .the 1875 election, and so continued until the January, 1877, session of the Court of Quarter Ses sions, when a decree was entered that but six school directors per year should be elected in the borough. 1876.— Bobert McLanahan, burgess; First Ward, W. Fisk Conrad, Sam uel McCamant, Second Ward, James A. Crawford, Samuel Study, Third Ward, Jonathan H. Burleigh, Michael Hamer, Fourth Ward, F. D. Beyer, William Launers, councilmen; Samuel Templeton, auditor; C. Guyer, treasurer; Clark Grazier, W.J. Sausser, Caleb R. Burley, Israel Miller, assessors; William Biddle, constable; John H. Reiley, clerk; W. George Waring, surveyor; and J. D. Hicks, solicitor. On the 3d of October, 1876, the citizens of the bor ough voted on the gas and water question, when one hundred and ninety-four voters favored a tax to sup ply the same, and fifty-four were opposed to such a measure. 1877— Daniel P. Ray, burgess ; W. F. Conrad, Samuel McCamant, James A. Crawford, S. B. Templeton, C. J. Ramsey, Jerre Ike, F. D. Beyer, William Lanners, councilmen; William F.Meminger, I.P.Walton, auditors; William Biddle, high constable; J. H. Eeily, clerk; C. J. .Kegel, treasurer; J. D. Hicks, solicitor; H. V. Boecking, sur veyor. 1878.— C. S. W. Jones, burgess; Porter Bateman, A. J. Mattern, I. P. Walton, J. H. Eckenrod, J. H. Burley, C. Guyer, W. H. Carothers, Z. B. Gray, councilmen; William Walton, auditor; William Riddle, constable ; Joseph Eshbach, Samuel Marks, C. E. Burley, Israel Mil ler, assessors; William Walton, clerk; J. S. Plummer, treasurer; J. D. Hicks, solicitor; William Biddle, constable. 1879.— C. S. W. Jones, burgess ; W. Meminger, assistant burgess ; E. J. Pruner, J. M. Smith, A.G.Morris, Matthew Stewart, councilmen; William Walton, clerk ; C.J.Kegel, treasurer; J. D. Hicks, solici tor; J. L.Holmes, collector; H. T. Harpham, constable. 1880.— C. S. W. Jones, burgess; J. F. Rung, assistant burgess ; Samuel Berlin, M. G. Crawford, Michael McCann, John Farrell, councilmen ; S. B. Templeton, auditor ; John Oakwood, M. L. Logan, C. K. Bur ley, A. W. Greene, assessors ; C. J. Kegel, treasurer ; E. 0. M. Habe- racker, clerk ; J. D. Hicks, solicitor. 1881. — C. S. W. Jones, burgess; John Igou, assistant burgess; E. J. Pruner, Samuel J. Marks, A. G. Morris, William Launers, council- men ; John Oakwood, D. P. Ray, C. R. Burley, Henry Knapp, as sessors ; E. 0. M. Haberacker, clerk ; C. J. Kegel, treasurer ; J. D. Hicks, solicitor; C. 0. Shriver, auditor; H. V. Boecking, surveyor; B. F. Cramer, high constable. Since 1857 the duties of borough justice have been discharged by Samuel Jones, William Burley, J. M. Calderwood (for eight years), J. M. Harper, T. B. Heims, and the present justice, Jacob Burley, since the spring of 1881. Fire Department. — The first action of the Borough Council in regard to the establishment of a fire de partment was taken March 7, 1868, when an ordinance was passed " to appoint, in March of each year, a chief fire marshal and five assistants, to have control of the hooks and ladders already provided and to direct affairs in case of a fire." William Stokes was appointed the first marshal, with George Burley, Aug. McLain, John Fox, James Bell, and B. F. Cramer assistants. In 1869, James Bell was appointed fire marshal, and in 1870, Jacob Stephens. In May, 1871, the Council entered into a contract with Thomas C. Duff to have fire-plugs put up at suitable points in the village at forty-three dollars per plug, or one thousand and fifty-five dollars for the number to be set up. In October of the same year the Council recognized "Neptune Hose Company" as a regu larly organized body, and directed that all the fire apparatus, " including hose and hose-carriages re cently purchased, be turned over to the said Neptune Company to hold and direct until it should disband, when its proper successor should take charge of the property." On the 5th of June, 1873, D. T. Caldwell, Frederick Vogt, and Samuel McCamant, committeemen to pur chase a steam fire-engine, reported that in their judg ment a Silsby No. 3 engine would best meet the wants of the borough. The report being adopted, the Council entered into an arrangement with the Silsby Company to purchase such an engine for five thou sand dollars, and at the same time purchased two hundred feet of rubber hose. By an ordinance enr acted July 10, 1873, the engine and all fire apparatus was placed in charge of the Neptune Company. The engine was christened "Tyrone, No. 1." Feb. 4, 1874, the name of "Tyrone Fire Company, No. 1," a new organization, be substituted for the former wherever it appears in ordinance No. 12. This year the officers of the department were Samuel Mc Camant, marshal ; and W. H. Carothers, Cary Russell, W. T. Henderson, and C. J. Ramsey, assistants. On the 26th of February, 1875, "Neptune Fire Company" was again accepted by the Council as a duly organized body, and an ordinance drafted to that end. Daniel P. Ray became the chief of the department, and the names of Charles J. Ramsey, A. B. Wingate, George Burley, and C. H. Russell appear as assistants. In 1876 these officers were B. F. Cramer, chief; R. G. McLanahan, Adam Estriken, Martin TYRONE BOROUGH. 203 Webb, and Henry Swarm, assistants. In 1878 these officers were essentially the same. In 1879 the chief was Samuel McCamant, and in 1880-81, B. F. Cramer, with John Igou, Joshua Burley, D. P. Ray, Jr., and A. P. Thompson, assistants. "Tyrone Fire Company" having disbanded, the Neptune Company was again, May 10, 1880, selected by the Council as the proper body to control the engine and other fire apparatus of the borough, and has since had control of affairs, in conformity with the ordinances provided. This fact, as well as priority of organization, gives the company precedence in this historical account. Its history properly begins with the organization of Neptune Hose Company, which was formed June 24, 1871, with members as follows; Daniel P. Ray, J. A. Boyer, W. H. Stephens, T. M. Gingher, John K. Ray, Fred. Vogt, W. H. H. Brainard, Henry Knapp, H. H. Straihoof, J. M. Smith, W. C. Irvin, R. M. Hunter, S. L. Berlin, George W. Snyder, H. C. Christy, W. H. Robinson, A. Estriker, W. M. Reed, M. Robe son, I. P. Walton, J. D. Hicks, W. H. H. Young, E. J. Pruner, Israel Miller, D. T. Caldwell, Jacob Ste phens, J. F. Van Valzah, F. L. Ripley, B. F. Cramer, A. B. Wingate, and D. A. Smith. D. P. Ray was elected the first president ; J. M. Smith, secretary ; and W. H. H. Brainard, foreman. Oct. 23, 1871, the company became an incorporated body, by order of the court of Blair County, with the title at the head of this sketch. This name was re tained until Oct. 6, 1880, when the court changed it to Neptune Steam- Fire Company, No. 1, and constituted it a corporate body, with the following as its first board of officers : Martin Burley, president ; Walter Burley, vice-president; Joshua Burley, secretary; William Heitzog, assistant secretary; John Igou, treasurer ; John F. Henchey, Charles JJ. Miller, and Charles R. Reese, foremen ; James Allen, Reuben Burley, William Bender, Edwin Igou, A. C. Hull, Thomas Lukehart, directors ; J. C- Burley, John K. Ray, C. R. Burley, trustees ; Walter Burley, B. F. Cramer, Daniel P. Ray, Jr., auditors ; J. C. Burley, chief engineer ; Joshua Burley, first assistant ; Walter Burley, John Lucas, and Frank Wood, firemen. In the summer of 1881 the roll of the company con tained the names of ninety members, and since the organization of the company the following members have died : Charles Andrews, John Fource, Jacob Stewart, Edward Hahn, John Shelley, Frank Davis, Israel Miller, William R. Raugh, Henry Miller, Daniel P. Ray, Sr., and James Allen. In June, 1880, the company took charge of all the fire apparatus belonging to the borough, and its equip ments in September, 1881, were a Silsby No. 3 steamer, two four-wheel hose-carriages, and one thousand feet of leather hose, with screw couplings. The apparatus is housed in the borough building, where is also a neatly-furnished room in which the meetings of the company are held. Tyrone Fire Company, No. 1, was organized Sept. 22, 1873, with officers as follows : J. K. Russell, president; John A. Crawford, vice-president; J. D. Hicks, secretary; C. J. Kegel, assistant secretary; J. C. Burley, treasurer; C. Russell, Michael Hamer, Theo. F. Van Scoyoc, S. M. Carter, J. H. McClure, Jesse Waite, C. J. Ramsey, J. M. Harper, and J. B. Watson, directors. The company soon after tendered its service to the borough and was accepted as the official company. In the month of January follow ing it was duly incorporated by the Court of Common Pleas of Blair County, and had for the space of sev eral years a flourishing existence, when the inatten tion of many of its members caused the interest in the future of the company to be so little that the or ganization was disbanded in March, 1880. The appended list contains the names of all those who had a membership in the company : R. A. Wil son, J. M. Smith, Jacob Burley, S. B. Templeton, R. C. Gifford, M. A. Elder, W. H. Carothers, C. J. Kegel, George Burley, D. A. Smith, J. D. Hicks, Charles W. Heims, H. M. Graffius, J. F. Waite,, George B. Reed, W. L. Adams, D. S. Johnson, F. C. Gibbony,. S. M. Carter, John B. Swoope, J. B. Watson, N. Turnbaugh, J. W. Mentzer, J. C. M. Hamilton, V. McFarlin, C. J. Ramsey, William E. Graffius, T. B. Heims, J. W. Sullivan, J. F. Riddle, J. M. Harper, J. H. Rollman, M. F. Plummer, Harry F. Bell, J. K. Russell, J. A. B. Wallace, B. M. Jones, William H. Getz, George W. Parks, J. M. Harper, J. M. Kough, J. W. Elliott, A. H. Edwards, John H. Marks, W. W. Waddle, George W. Dickson, J. A- Crawford, J. Farrell, Jr., Blair Mattern, R. G. McLanahan, Ed. C. Akers, W. T. Henderson, W. C. Bell, S. M. Lorenz, G. D. Cal derwood, C. H. Russell, J. H. Burley, A. C. Cresswell, S. S. Ramsey, J. R. Bell, Porter Bateman, H. Walters, J. C. Burley, W. D. Fource, W. H. Grazier, S. Mc Camant, S. H. Henderson, A. A. Stevens, William Kough, D. C, Nelson, E. O. M. Haberacker, J. J. Miller, Luther Bollinger, C. W. Sausser, F. M. Bell, John Oakwood, H. Knapp, J. H. Glazier, Andrew Storm, John C. Fowler, H. C. Fisher, Martin S. Webb, William McNelis, E. Waring, Philip Silingler, W. B. Davison, A. C. McFarland, Harry Colt, John Sid- inger, Philip Baker, John A- Hart, James McNelis. W. H. Carothers was appointed the first foreman of the company, and under his direction the men at tained considerable skill in the handling of the ap paratus. In this connection may appropriately be given an account of Tyrone's great conflagration. About three o'clock in the morning of the 8th of July, 1880, fire was discovered issuing from the stables connected with the City Hotel. Soon the building and all its contents, including nine horses, were burned to the ground, and the fire communicated to a two-story frame building on Juniata Street, which was also de stroyed. In it were the offices of the Blair County Banking Company, clothing firm qf Meminger & 204 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Stewart, and the office of Dr. J. M. Gemmill. The adjoining frame building, owned by J. T. Owens, and occupied as a shoe-store by W. B. Stewart and sta tionery-shop of S. G. Black, as well as the frame dwelling of John A. Crawford & Brothers, were soon in flames, and the brick store of Templeton, Craw ford & Co. was also damaged. The upper story of the City Hotel was burned, and the building next ad joining on the north had the upper two stories de stroyed, the lower story alone remaining standing. In it was the book-store of D. B. Wilson. The second and third stories were occupied by the Herald and the Grand Army of the Republic. . Next north was the two-story brick block owned by Patrick Flynn, in the lower story of which was the Tyrone Bank. This building and the adjoining one contain ing the post-office were completely burned. The fire also destroyed the stores of P. Sneeringer, tobacco dealer ; George H. Garner, druggist ; the mercantile establishment of Van Vanzah & Wilson ; and the tailoring house of John Scullin, a three-story brick building, which was partly occupied by him as a resi dence. In this row of buildings was also the office of the Tyrone Democrat, which, with all its contents, was burned. The flames were stayed at the jewelry- shop of I. P. Walton, the upper story of which was crushed in by the falling walls of the Scullin block. The property destroyed aggregated in value one hun dred and fifty thousand dollars, of which two-thirds was covered by insurance. Nobly did Neptune Fire Company battle to extinguish the flames, working in cessantly, for many hours. It was assisted by the Vigilant Steam Fire Company of Altoona, the Em pire Hook-and-Ladder Company of the same city, and the Huntingdon steamer, No. 1, whose united efforts finally compassed the conflagration. Although a heavy blow to the borough, the work of removing the debris in the burned district was at once begun, and the building of more substantial blocks com menced. Within the space of a year nearly all the ground was covered by a better class of buildings than those destroyed, while the influence of this en terprise was felt on every hand, causing many other handsome structures to be erected in that locality. Among the latter is an opera-house, on the east side of Main Street, between Juniata and Hill Streets, which was built in the season of 1881 by W. Fisk Conrad. It is an imposing edifice, having ample ca pacity for the amusement-loving portion of the bor ough, and is surmounted by a town clock. A large number of business houses at Tyrone, in size and gen eral appearance, would reflect credit upon very much larger places, and have all the conveniences of city buildings. The streets of the borough, too, are wide, well paved, and moderately well cleaned. The two principal thoroughfares, Main and Juniata Streets, have each very fine and substantial iron bridges across the Juniata and the Bald Eagle. The latter was built in 1880 by the Keystone Bridge Company, at a cost of one thousand dollars ; the former was constructed in 1881 by Douglas & Jarvis, of East Berlin, Conn., and cost with the approaches four thousand six hundred dollars. The contracting com missioners were John Halfpenny, James Mcintosh, and Samuel Confer. The general growth and the present condition of the varied interests of the bor ough are fully set forth in the following pages. The Business Interests and Hotels are shown in the appended list of mercantile establishments and public-houses having an existence in the fall of 1881. As already stated, the first inn was kept in an old, abandoned log school-house. The first regular pub lic-house, however, was the " City Hotel," yet one of the principal hostelries of the place. It was begun in the summer of 1851 by John D. Stewart and Jacob Burley, but was not wholly completed until the win ter of 1852-53, when Mr. Stewart opened it to the pub lic, becoming, the following summer, the owner of the entire interest. The house has a front of sixty feet on Juniata Street, and an equal length on Main Street, forming an L-shaped building of brick, three stories high. In 1859, William Irvin became the owner of the property ; in 1862, John Weightman ; in 1865, Thomas Moore, and in the fall of that year S. M. Aults, who repaired the house and conducted the hotel until September, 1872, when the property was sold to Mrs. Mary Weston, who again refitted the house. The present landlord is Charles Wooden, under whose management the hotel enjoys a good reputation. In 1852-53 was also built the Central Hotel, an L-shaped structure, having a front of fifty feet on Logan Street and a like length on Juniata. As built by Joshua Burley there were but two stories, but becoming the property of Jonas Stettler in 1868 he made some improvements, and in 1870 added another story to the building by putting on a Mansard roof. The house is of brick, and contains a number of com fortable apartments. The present proprietor is David Hagans. The first landlord was Alexander McMur trie. The Eagle Hotel is on the site of a public- house built by Leonard Feuchter in 1854, who had in connection a beer brewery. In 1861, C. Seeger be came the proprietor, and in 1868, J. H. Eckenrode. In 1873 the house was enlarged to its present size, sixty feet on Main Street and forty feet on Hill Street, and three stories high. The present proprietor is Gabriel Fleck. The Ward House, opposite the station of the Pennsylvania Railroad, is the most complete and best-appointed hotel in the borough. It is an attractive frame, seventy-five by one hun dred feet in size, three stories and basement. The house consists of two wings with a connecting build ing, is finely finished interiorly, and takes rank among the best hotels in the central part of the State. It was commenced in 1859 and completed in 1862 by Mrs. Mary Ward. She was succeeded in the pro prietorship by J. J. Boyer, and he in January, 1878, TYRONE BOROUGH. 205 by. P. F. Mclntire. The present popular proprietor is Charles S. McOmber. Of the minor inns the Clearfield House, kept at present by William Riddle, was opened to the public by Thomas Mays ; and of the inns formerly kept in the village, the American House and the National Hotel have been the most prominent. The former, on Main Street, was owned by David Pupert, and had Alexander McMurtrie as business manager. The latter, on the corner of Logan and Ridge Streets, was built and opened by William Davidson in the early history of the village. Then came as proprietor John Ward, and later Mrs. Mary Ward, the house having at that time an ex tended reputation. The building is at present a residence. The oldest mercantile establishment is that of Study Brothers & Co., general merchants. It was founded in 1853 by E. L. Study, P. Sneeringer, and James L. Shultz, on the site of the present extensive stores, where also were sold the first goods in the vil lage. A number of enlargements of business and firm changes have since taken place, but the name of Study has always been prominently at the head. The firm is now constituted of S. M. Study and the brothers James A. and William L. Study. The store consists of a main room twenty-five by seventy-five feet, with a wing on the north end of thirty by sixty feet, and a carpet department in the second story. In 1860, A. B. Hoover and Wesley Nowlin estab lished a business on the southwest corner of Main and Ridge, or Hill 'Streets, which was very success fully carried on by them until 1870, when Mr. Hoover became the owner of the entire interests, which were carried on by him until 1875, when the present firm, H. Herman & Co., succeeded to the ownership. It is one of the largest and most complete mercantile es tablishments in the borough, and the proprietors are noted for their enterprise as business men. The gen eral store of J. F. Van Valzah and J. F. Wilson, established in 1871, is contemporaneous with the fore going. A room twenty by one hundred and twenty- five feet, in the Sneeringer Block, is occupied with a suitable room on the second floor for a carpet depart ment. Their trade is large and constantly increasing. Of almost equal importance with the foregoing is the business carried on by S. B. Templeton & Co., who have been in trade since 1871. .Other general mer chants are J. W. Thomas and A. J. Matter, both of whom have won an honorable place in the history of trade. Former merchants dealing in a general stock were D. M. Owens, T. W. Graffius, D. B. Smith, and F. M. Bell, with others for short periods. In 1852, Samuel Ettinger brought on a stock of goods, consisting of general staples and a full line of ready-made clothing, which was the beginning of the extensive clothing-house of William Vogt. Since 1860 the firm has dealt exclusively in clothing, and since 1862, Mr. Vogt has been the sole proprietor of the establishment. The clothing-houses of C. J. Kegel and W. F. Meminger were established in 1867 and 1880 respectively. As merchant tailors there came to Tyrone Jacob Deahl, in 1858 ; J. J. Miller, in 1870 ; Samuel Nowlin, in 1865 ; John Sculjin, in 1869 ; and H. Robley, recently. J. C. Cramer was a grocer from 1867, for eight or ten years; and among others in this trade appear the names of Charles L, Greek, J. L. Holmes, M. N. Wilson, and W. H. Quinn. Hoover and Confer had the first restaurant, and since 1855, Jacob Stephens has had a restaurant and gro cery. The first drug-store was opened by Samuel Berlin in 1854, and is yet carried on by him and his sons. Besides this are the drug-stores of George H. Garner and Ewing & Piper. Other druggists have been M. G. Crawford, John H. Rollman, S. L. Berlin, and J. D. Stewart. The first book-store was kept by S. C. Laird, in 1867, followed by William M. Reed, in 1871, L. S. Ramsey, about the same period for a few years, Ed. Waring, and the present are Mrs. Susan Black and J. M. Wilson. The first jewelry- store was that of John Dutcher; the next jeweler was a German named Meinhart. Isaac P. -Walton has been a successful jeweler since 1859, and F. L. Ripley since 1870. M. A. Bigelow opened a millinery- store in 1865, which became the property of M. J. Bell in 1873, and is yet continued by her. Another store was opened by J. Walker in 1871. Christian Albright has been a successful shoe dealer since 1865, and W. B. Stewart since 1876, each having fine stores ; as shoemakers, C. Hagy, C. Mum- berg, and Benjamin Morschener, among others, have been in the place a number of years. John A. Hiller has had a saddlery since 1855, and G. W. Snyder one from 1870, for about eight years. A. C. Toner has been a successful furniture dealer since 1856, oc cupying his present stand since 1868 ; and J. H. Burley has carried on that trade since 1865, having had as an associate for a time B. F. Cramer. In 1868, Orlando L- Swoope opened a hardware- store in Pruner's block, which he continued until 1880, when he was succeeded by the Klines. Craw ford & Barr engaged at that business in 1867, being succeeded in 1872 by the present firm, Crawford & Brother. David Henchy established himself as a tinner in 1851, and yet carries on that trade. J. H. Patterson had the first marble-works, beginning about 1855, and carried on that business six or eight years. In 1856, W. J. Sausser opened a shop, which was car ried on by him until his death, when C. W. Sausser succeeded to the business. W. J. Wilmore has had a coach-making establishment since 1865, and Samuel Patterson was engaged in that business from 1873 on. Jacob Burley & Son are coal dealers, and the same business is carried on by John F. Rung. The first livery-stables were kept by H. H. Hopkins, and Charles Wooden has been the proprietor of well- stocked stables since 1873. A cigar-factory was estab lished by C. E. Picher in 1867, and in 1873 the Palmer Brothers engaged in the same business, while Sneer- 206 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. irfger & Co. are extensive tobacconists, having a very fine store. The first confectionery was made by J. H. Zerby about 1862, and at present A. L. Koons and H. M. Rapp each have establishments, turning out large quantities of all grades of confections. As dentists, M. L. Logan and J. C. M. Hamilton have been well established since 1871, and the real estate and insurance business has for a number of years been actively carried on by R. G. McLanahan and D. T. Caldwell. The former is the manager of the Tyrone Telephonic Exchange, which was established in April, 1881, with twenty connections in the borough and the surrounding country. David P; Tussey was born in Franklin township, Huntingdon Co., Pa., April 28, 1814. On the farm whereon he was born he grew to manhood, receiving only a common-school education. Lameness caused by a white swelling when a small boy rendered him unfit for farm labor, and he made the most of his op portunities in getting as good an education as possible. Lame as he was he walked over two miles to school. We state this to show the energy of the boy, which developed as he reached man's estate into an untir ing energy, which was one of the elements of his successful business career. Arrived at manhood he sought and obtained employment in the store of his uncle, Thomes Owen, Esq., as a clerk. His first business venture was in the mercantile business at Warrior's Mark. We next find him in partnership with George Patton, running a general store at Arch Springs, in Blair County. In the spring of 1849 he came to Laurellsville, in Blair County, and in a small building, which still stands near his last residence, sold goods and general merchandise until a larger and more commodious store could be built. In the new store he enlarged his business, and was very suc cessful. During this time he, in partnership with Foster Crawford and Joseph Crawford, bought the Blair Furnace farm, which Mr. Tussey managed as well as carrying on his store. He also bought the Moore farm, both of which are now in possession of his family. In 1872 he retired from the mercantile business, and thenceforth only managed his farms and other business. As a business man, Mr. Tussey was noted for his sagacity and promptness. While he always looked out for his own interests, he never did so at the expense of his business honor and integ rity. He is spoken of by those who knew him as a man of sterling worth, a good neighbor, and a true friend. He died Dec. 4, 1876. In politics, Mr. Tus sey was an ardent Republican, and held different township offices. He was for many years a consist ent member of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Tus sey was married twice, his first wife being Miss Sarah Morrow, daughter of James and Nancy (Stewart) Morrow. She was born March 23, 1819, and died March 21, 1847. They had two children, viz., Nor- menia N., born Aug. 6, 1845, and William C, born March 13, 1847. On the 31st day of August, 1848, Mr. Tussey led to the altar Miss Frances Stoner, who was born in Sinking Valley, Nov. 17, 1828. Her parents were Christian and Mary (Neff) Stoner. They moved into the valley from Lancaster County, Pa., in the spring of 1828, and bought a farm, on which he passed the remainder of his days. They had a family of ten children, of whom Mrs. Tussey was the fourth. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Tussey was blessed with thirteen children, as follows : Sarah M., Mary E., Emma B., John N., Frances A., Clara M., Ella D., Ada L., Lindie B., David C, Alice V. K, Harry M. S., and Paul W. Banks and Loan Societies. — The first banking institution in the borough was opened by Lloyd, Caldwell & Co. in 1866, with Thomas L. Caldwell in charge. It was one of the chain of banks in which the Lloyds were interested, and shared their fate in the stringent times which followed the panic of 1873. After the death of Thomas L. Caldwell in 1867, David T. Caldwell took charge of the interests of the bank, and continued at its head until its affairs were wound up. In 1873, W. A. Caldwell was the paying and re ceiving teller. The bank was first located in I. P. Walton's building, but in 1867 a good office, with ap propriate appointments, was fitted up for its accom modation in the Caldwell block, and which afterwards became the home of The Tyrone Bank. — This is a private bank of individual liability, which was opened for the trans action of business April 1, 1871. At that time the company was composed of John 'Scott, William Dor ris, William Orbison, George W. Garrettson, H. G. Fisher, George C. Wilkins, Caleb Guyer, G. W. Bur kett, Israel Miller, A. B. Hoover, and D. D. Wood. In 1874 the members of the firm residing at Hunting don disposed of their interests to the Tyrone partners, and since that time Col. D. M. Jones and P. Flynn have been added to the firm. At the organization of the company Caleb Guyer became cashier of the bank, and has continuously discharged the duties of that po sition till this time. The banking-office was first on the southeast corner of Main and Juniata Streets, but in the fall of 1876 the bank was removed to the Cald well building, remaining there until its destruction by fire July 8, 1880. On its site the Flynn block was erected, and in it an elegant and complete office fur nished for the use of the bank, which took possession of it in January, 1881. It is supplied with fire- and burglar-proof safes, with chronometer locks, and all the appointments are first-class. A general banking business is transacted, and the bank has a most ex cellent reputation among the business men of this part of the State. The Blair County Banking Company was organized Dec. 15, 1874, with the following mem bers: S. C. Stewart, S. S. Blair, Stewart Greek, E. L. Study, E. C. Humes, A. G. Curtin, William P. Humes, John P. Harris, and Robert A. McCoy. E. L. Study became the president of the bank, and con- TYRONE BOROUGH. 207 tinued until his death, Jan. 26, 1880. At the same time Robert A. McCoy was elected cashier, and has since served in that capacity. The controlling board of directors in 1881 had the following members: A. G. Curtin, John P. Harris, S. C. Stewart, E. C. Humes, and Robert A. McCoy. The company transacts busi ness upon individual responsibility, the bank having a nominal capital of sixty thousand dollars. The first office was in the J. D. Hicks building, but after a few months was moved to its present site on Juni ata Street, adjoining the City Hotel. It was burned out July 8, 1880, but all the effects of the bank, ex cept the furniture, were saved. After that the office was in the north end of the Study block until May 1, 1881, when the present fine office in the J. D. Stew art block was occupied. The room is twenty by fifty-four feet, and is thoroughly furnished with all the requisites of a modern banking-house, affording good protection to depositors. T. J. Gates is the teller of the bank, and C. A. Study, book-keeper. The Tyrone Building and Loan Association was organized in March, 1870, with an authorized capital stock of fifteen hundred shares of two hun dred dollars each. The original officers were Samuel McCamant, president; J. M. Calderwood, secretary; T. B. Heims, treasurer. B. L. Hewitt, of Hollidays burg, was the solicitor until 1873, when A. A. Stevens took his place and continued until the association wound up its affairs five years later. The stock holders netted about sixteen and one-third per cent. per annum on their investments, and the association throughout was one of the most successfully managed in this part of the State. Not a dollar was lost on loans improperly secured, the policy of the directors having been a very conservative one in that respect. Bald Eagle Building and Loan Associa tion was formed in May, 1872, with the same au thorized capital as the foregoing, and John A. Boyer, president ; Henry Cryder, treasurer ; W. H. H. Young, solicitor. The last ' board of officers was composed of James A. Crawford, president ; Michael McCann, secretary ; C. Guyer, treasurer ; and A. A. Stevens, solicitor. By reason of the liberal policy pursued by the managers for the first five years of the existence of the association, about ten thousand dollars was lost on account of insufficient securities, but acting on the unfortunate experience thus gained a different policy was instituted, and the association was enabled at the time it closed its affairs, May, 1880, to report an annual dividend of fourteen per cent, per year on the amounts invested. Tyrone Building and Loan Association, No. 2, the third of these loan institutions, was organized in March, 1878, with Samuel McCamant president ; J. M. Calderwood, secretary ; R. A. McCoy, treasurer ; and A. A. Stevens, solicitor. The authorized capital is two thousand shares of two hundred dollars each, and the maximum premiums are limited to fifty per cent, of the investment, the minimum to twenty per cent. Under the conservative policy of the mana gers the association promises to be as successful as its predecessors. The Tyrone Gas and Water Company.— This company was organized under a special act of the General Assembly approved March 10, 1865, which authorized Jacob Burley, Pius Sneeringer, Caleb Guyer, Israel Miller, E. L. Stude, J. H. Burley, James S. Plummer, John A. Hiller, James McCoy, John D. Stewart, and J. L. Holmes to become a body corporate, having exclusive right to introduce water and gas into the borough of Tyrone. The capital stock was fixed at twenty thousand dollars, or four thousand shares of five dollars each. The company was empowered to establish rates and regulations for the use of water and gas, and the stockholders be came individually liable for all debts contracted. Soon after the passage of the act the capital stock was secured by subscriptions, solicited by J. L. Holmes, but no action leading to a complete organ ization was taken for some years to come. Not until June, 1869, were the provisions of the act made effec tive. At that time the company entered into a con tract with Woodward & Co., of Williamsport, to lay wooden mains to convey the waters of Sinking Run, at a point one mile northwest from the business part of the borough, and one hundred and twenty-five feet above the level of the river, to various parts of the village. Since the beginning about four niiles of mains and pipes have been laid, the wooden mains being displaced by iron ones as fast as necessity re quires them to be taken up. The water supply is comparatively unlimited, eight times the quantity now used being easily available, while the quality is not easily excelled. The water is furnished to citi zens at from five to ten dollars per year. Nothing towards the introduction of gas was done until 1873, when the gas-works were erected and one and a half miles of mains laid by Connoty, Nailor & Co., of Pittsburgh, at a cost of thirty-five thousand dollars. The gas manufactured at the works was first used for illuminating the public streets in October, 1874, twenty-four lamps having been provided for dif ferent points of the borough. The original cost of gas at Tyrone was three dollars and a half per thou sand feet. In 1881 it was furnished at two dollars and seventy-five cents. At this time the officers of the company were Caleb Guyer, president ; P. Sneer inger, treasurer ; A. A. Stevens, secretary ; and A. B. Hoover, G. W. Burkett, Jacob Burley, A. G. Morris, C. Guyer, and A. A. Stevens, directors. The Post-Office, the Press, and the Professions. — The first post-office in this part of Blair County was at Tyrone Forges, with John T. Matthias post master, but early in the administration of President Pierce the Tyrone office was established, and F. M. Bell appointed postmaster. It was kept in his store on Juniata Street, near Logan. In 1857, John B. Stewart became postmaster, and he in turn was succeeded by 208 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Harriet Stewart, the office meanwhile being kept on Logan Street. In 1861, James S. Plummer was ap pointed postmaster at Tyrone, and held that position until 1877, when Capt. F. M. Bell was placed at the head of the office, and has since been the postmaster. In 1870 the office was moved to the Caldwell building, where a room had been provided with convenient and handsome appointments. This room was used until July 8, 1880, when it was destroyed by fire; but little post-office property being consumed. In December, 1880, the office was re-established on the same site, in the Flynn block, in a room twenty by fifty feet, with a large cabinet in the centre, twelve feet from the main entrance. On either side are hallways about six feet in width, terminated at the farther end by the post master's room, twelve feet in width, and extending across the main room. The latter is supplied with tables, drawers, and pouch-hooks, for the expeditious handling of the mails, every popular convenience being employed. The cabinet, a magnificent piece of mechanical skill, was designed especially for the Ty rone office, and built by the Yale Lock Manufacturing Company at a cost of about three thousand dollars. The case is seven feet clear on the inside, and has three sections of boxes, having a triangular front, where is the general delivery. There are in addition to the general letter and newspaper glass cases seven hundred and ninety-eight No. 3 boxes, seventy-six No. 2 boxes, each supplied with Yale locks, and thirty- eight No. 1 drawer boxes ; the entire number of boxes being thirteen hundred and ninety-two. In its ar rangement and general appearance the Tyrone office has no equal in the interior of the State. It became a postal money-order office in October, 1867, and is the distributing office for points on the Bald Eagle and Clearfield Railroads. The Pennsylvania Railroad delivers three mails per day each from the East and the West, giving the office all the needed communication with the principal points of the country. The num ber of letters and postal cards mailed aggregate about five thousand per week, and about the same number are distributed within a like period to the patrons of the office. The history of the press of Tyrone begins with the publication of The Iron Democrat, a weekly paper, the first issue of which was in the early part of 1856. As its name implies, its politics were Democratic of the most radical nature, they tendency of some of the members of the party towards anti-slavery finding little favor in its columns. The editor was D. A. McGeehan, an Irishman possessing considerable ed itorial ability. The paper was issued at Tyrone up wards of a year, when a want of patronage caused its suspension, and soon after the printing material was sold and removed. Mr. McGeehan became a citizen of Cambria County, where he died. The office of the Democrat was on the upper part of Main Street, and B. F. Cramer was a printer-boy in it. Next in the order of time was The American Era, the publication of which was also begun in 1856. It was owned by a stock company, and W. S. H. Keyes was the editor. In politics the paper was Republican, and contributed materially to mould the sentiment of the community favorably to the new party. The Era was published on Main Street, in a small frame building near the present Vogt's tavern. It was printed on a Washington press, and was an eight- column folio. The foreman of the office was Benja min Jones, who now fills a similar position in the Bulletin office of Philadelphia. Mr. Keyes was a vig orous writer, and on several occasions engaged in a fierce newspaper war with The Iron Democrat, both editors indulging in strong personal allusions. In time the Era became the property of Robert Stod dard. After a period of suspension, when there was no paper in the place, it was revived as the Tyrone Herald, which after a year's publication also sus pended. After lying dormant for some time the Herald was revived as the Tyrone Star by James Bell, but after a year or two it passed out of existence as the Star, being next revived once more as the Herald, the publisher being H. R. Holtzinger. The paper was devoted to the dissemination of local news for six months or more, when want of patronage caused it to be discontinued. Meantime, Mr. Holtzinger, being a minister of the Brethren Church, began the publication of the Chris tian Family Companion, which attained a large circu lation in that denomination, being after a few years more than six thousand in number. The paper had a fine publication office, supplied with steam-power presses, and all the evidences of future prosperity abounded, when, about 1869, Mr. Holtzinger removed the Companion to Dale City, in Somerset County. In the period of the publication of the last paper, the material of the defunct Herald being unused, a com pany, was formed to publish a local paper. Accord ingly^ The Western Hemisphere was brought into ex istence, under the editorial management of J. W. Scott and Cyrus Jeffries, who continued it about eighteen months, when it suspended, and the material was again allowed to be unused. Some months later, in April, 1867, the Tyrone Bulletin, a professed neutral sheet, was started by Matthew H. Jolly, and issued for six months or more, when, for want of patronage, its publication had to be discontinued. Before it passed out of existence a local contemporary made its appearance and successfully courted public favor. It was the Tyrone Herald again brought to life by the proprietor of the printing outfit, H. R. Holtzinger. It, too, claimed to be neutral, but had predilections towards the Republican party, as plainly expressed as the Bulletin had for the Democratic party. It made its appearance in August, 1867, with J. L. Holmes as editor, and soon proved too vigorous a rival for the Bulletin, which, as already stated, suspended soon after. In April, 1868, J. L. Holmes and C. S. W. Jones became the proprietors of the paper, and it was TYRONE BOROUGH. 209 soon after firmly established as a Republican sheet, and it has since continued to be the exponent of the principles of that party in the borough. In April, 1869, Mr. Holmes retired frorn the paper, Mr. Jones becoming vested with the entire ownership, and has since retained possession of these interests, having had as partners W. H. H. Brainard, from 1871 to 1872, and Al. Tyhurst in 1875-76. The office was de stroyed by fire July 8, 1880, but the paper did not miss an issue in consequence. It was removed from its temporary quarters to a building especially erected for the paper on the 1st of June, 1881. The Herald block is opposite the site of the burned office, on Main Street, and is a fine two-story building twenty- six by sixty feet, with a large engine-room attached. The Herald is a folio of eight columns, and is under the editorial management of the proprietor, Capt. C. S. W. Jones, who has succeeded in making it a profit able interest, and a creditable mirror of the local events of the borough. After his retirement from the Herald, J. L. Holmes established the Tyrone Blade, June 1, 1870, and pub lished it until Nov. 22, 1872, when it was sold to George Stroup, who changed the name to the Tyrone Democrat, and made it the organ of that party, the paper up to that time having been independent in politics. The Democrat was successfully published until July 8, 1880, when it was entirely destroyed by fire, and was not thereafter revived. The Tyrone Times, the last newspaper venture in the borough, was established as a semi-weekly, June 1, 1880, by John N. Holmes, son of J. L. Holmes, and A. M. Wooden, in an office on lower Main Street, which was supplied with an entire new outfit. On the 10th of August, 1880, the issue of the paper became weekly, the size remaining unchanged, a folio of five columns to a page. In politics the paper is inde pendent, and is establishing a good reputation as a faithful chronicler of local news. In connection with the office is a general book-bindery, which has the same management as the paper, being also the prop erty of the Messrs. Holmes & Wooden. Physicians.— The pioneer professional man at Ty rone was Dr. A. P. Calderwood, whose residence in the borough dates from the spring of 1852. He was born in Warrior's Mark township, Huntingdon Co., Sept. 25, 1824, and in the early part of 1852 graduated from Jefferson Medical College, engaging in the prac tice of his profession immediately after. In 1861 he became a resident of Altoona, but since 1865 has lived at Tyrone, although not in active practice since 1866. In 1853 a Dr. Martin located at Tyrone, where he was a practitioner five years, when he removed to Lewistown, Pa. Near the same time Dr. J. T. McVey came from Williamsburg, and had a successful prac tice until his death, some time about 1862. For a short period he had a Dr. Barrick as an associate, who removed to .the State of Maryland, where he died. About 1854 a Dr. Roberts came from Baltimore, and after half a dozen years' practice, left the place to be* come a citizen of Broad Top, where he died. After the decease of Dr. McVey, Dr. Henry A- Roedell, of Lebanon, began the practice of medicine in the borough and surrounding country, continuing very successfully until his return to Lebanon in 1869. Dr. Eugene O. M. Haberacker was the next phy sician in the order of time, locating at Tyrone in August, 1869, as an associate of Dr. Calderwood, and was a practitioner about a year, when he engaged in teaching, and has since been identified with that pro fession at Tyrone. He was born in Lehigh County in 1846, and was educated at Foglesville, Allentown, and the Keystone Normal School at Kutztqwn. After reading medicine with his father, he graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1869, a year later leaving his practice to engage in more congenial work. Dr. H. Christy located at Tyrone in 1868, and for six years followed his profession, removing in 1874. Prior to his coming he was a surgeon in the United States army. Dr. George W. Burket, who was born in Indiana County in March, 1832, after receiving an academic education and graduating from the Cleveland Medi cal College and the Bellevue Hospital, engaged in the practice of medicine in Armstrong County, and since 1867 at Tyrone. His ability and industry have given him prominence as one of the foremost phy sicians pf the place. Since 1870, Dr. J. T. Wilson, a native of Alexan dria, in Huntingdon County, and a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania, has been one of the most worthy of Tyrone's physicians; while Dr. J. M. Smith has been a successful practitioner for nearly an equal period of time. Dr. J. M. Gemmill is also a native of Huntingdon County and a graduate of the Jeffer son Medical College. He has been an active prac titioner at Tyrone since the fall of 1870. Since the spring of 1873, Dr. C. M. Ewing, an eclectic physician of good standing and successful practice, has been one of the prominent members of the profession at Tyrone ; and Dr. Henry B. Piper, also an eclectic, has been in practice in tbe borough since 1876. He was born in the Ligonier Valley in 1831, engaged in the practice of medicine in Harrison City in 1866, and later at Greensburg. After serving in the Legislature from 1874 to 1876, he again re sumed his profession. During the late civil war he served in the Union army. Later came Dr. H. J. Evans, a homoeopathic physician and surgeon, who has succeeded in obtaining considerable practice in the village. Dr. Rowan Clarke has been identified with the pro fession at Tyrone since the spring of 1881. He was born in Huntingdon in 1827, attended Williams Col lege, and read medicine with Dr. Charles Bower, of Mifflin County, who had been a student of the cele brated Dr. McClellan. Afterwards he graduated from 210 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. the Jefferson Medical College in 1854, and the same year located at Newton Hamilton. In the fall of 1859 he moved to Bellwood, Blair Co., where he was in practice until his removal to Tyrone. Dr. Clarke was instrumental in organizing the Juniata Medical Association, is a member of the State Medical Society, and the present (1881) secretary of the Blair County Medical Association. Among the old families of the Ligonier Valley in Westmoreland County, Pa., are the Pipers. The first of the name who came to America from Germany, some time previous to the war for the independence of the colonies, settled in Lancaster County, Pa. But little is known of him, only that he served in the patriot army, and after the war continued to live in Lancaster County. His family moved into Franklin County, and settled at a place called Piper's Run, where a good many of his descendants still live. He reared a family of children, of whom Peter Piper was one. He was born in Lancaster County in 1756, and remained there until he was eighteen years of age, when he turned his steps westward. He found his way into what was then the Indian country, crossing the mountains by following Indian paths or trails, and at Fort Ligonier joining a party of Indian scouts. Their operations extended from the above-named fort to Fort Proctor. When Hannastown, the county- seat of Westmoreland County, was burned, Peter was in Ligonier Valley, and at once joined the party who pursued the Indians who had been engaged in the destruction of the town and the murder and capture of some of its people. He afterwards became en gaged in the hazardous business of packing supplies across the mountains to the early settlers of Western Pennsylvania. After the worst of the Indian trou bles were over, and his occupation as a scout was gone, he went to work for a Mr. Baldridge (who built the first mills in that part of the State), and learned the millwright's trade. In carrying on their trade in building small mills, where mountain streams made the necessary power, they were compelled to carry their arms with them, to defend themselves against Indians and wild animals. Mr. Piper married Miss Catherine Carnes, daughter of Nicholas Carnes, whose family was among the. first in the valley. After his marriage he settled on a tract of wild land on Four- Mile Run, in what was then Donegal, now Cook township, which he cleared and improved when not working at his trade. On this farm all of their chil dren were born. There were eight sons and three daughters. Of the sons we will only speak of Wil liam. He also became a millwright, and followed the business more or less during his lifetime. After the death of his father, which occurred in 1853, he bought the home-farm, which became the birthplace of his five sons and two daughters. The second child, H. B. Piper, was born Oct. 15, 1831. He also learned his father's trade, which he followed when not teaching for a number of years, in fact nearly to the time of the Rebellion. Up to eighteen years of age his educational advantages had been confined to the district schools. He then attended the Somer set Academy two sessions, after which he taught school winters, and worked at his trade summers, until he reached his majority, when he attended the Sewickley Academy for two years. While attending the Somerset Academy he boarded with Dr. Funden- berg, under whose direction he studied medicine during his leisure hours, and continued doing so until the spring of 1858, when he went into the office of Dr. L. T. Beam, of Ligonier, and commenced the study of medicine in earnest. His studies and his plans, like those of a great many young men of his age, were rudely broken in upon by the breaking out of the Rebellion of 1861. When the first call was made for troops he volunteered as a private, April 21, 1861, in Company K, Eleventh Regiment Pennsylva nia Volunteer Infantry. At the expiration of the three months the regiment was mustered out of ser vice, and at once reorganized, Dr. Piper going out this time as second lieutenant. On the 30th day of August, 1862, he was promoted to a first lieutenancy, which on the 3d day of June, 1863, was followed by a captaincy. Capt. Piper participated in the follow ing battles : Falling Waters, Cedar Mountain, Rap pahannock Station, Thoroughfare Gap, Second Bull Run, Chantilly, South Mountain, Antietam (where he received a severe wound in the right arm), Second Fredericksburg, Gettysburg (where he was again wounded, this time in the right shoulder), Wilder ness, Spottsylvania, North Anna River, Cold Harbor, Bethesda Church, in front of Petersburg, and the bat tles incident thereto. The regiment, which was com manded by "fighting Dick Coulter," and was one of the best, re-enlisted in the winter of 1864 for three years or during the war, but owing to his wounds and disease contracted in the Virginia swamps, Capt. Piper was discharged on account of disability, Nov. 23, 1864. On his return home he again entered Dr. Beam's office, and continued his studies therein when not at tending the Philadelphia University of Medicine and Surgery, from which he graduated in the spring of 1866. After graduating he opened an office in Har rison City, Westmoreland Co., where he remained until 1873, then for three years practiced in Greens burg, the county-seat of his native county. He then came to Tyrone, where he has acquired a good practice, and is very pleasantly situated. In politics the doctor is a Democrat, and while in Westmoreland was elected to represent the county in the lower branch of the State Legislature, and served during the sessions of 1874-76. He served as chairman of the committee on education, was also a member of the committee on railroads, geological surveys, et al. On the 29th day of April, 1869, he was married to Mrs. Mollie E. Gay, daughter of Joseph K. Gibson, of Philadelphia. She was born in , Chester Co., TYRONE BOROUGH. 211 Pa., June 27, 1842. To them have been born six children, viz. : Herbert O., born March 7, 1870 ; Charles A., born Feb. 12, 1871 ; James E., born July 15, 1872; Kate E., born Sept. 17, 1874; Harry A., born Feb. 18, 1878; and William W., June 27, 1881. Attorneys. — As a regular attorney D. J. Neff, now of Altoona, was the first to open an office at Tyrone. His place of business was on Logan Street. Next came Matt. H. Jolley, who combined editorial work on the Bulletin with his professional duties. He removed to Philipsburg, where he died. J. J. Cunningham, now of Hollidaysburg, was also an attorney at Tyrone for a few years. About 1871, W. H. H. Young opened an office in the village and followed the practice of law four or five years, when he removed to the West. At present there are as attorneys at Tyrone, Josiah D. Hicks, A. A. Stevens, and William L. Pascoe. The latter was admitted to the bar by the April, 1881, court, and is yet in the office of A. A. Stevens, where he read law. He was born in Philadelphia, and is a graduate of Girard College. Mr. Stevens, his pre ceptor, was born in the Tuckahoe Valley, Aug. 21, 1845. His educational advantages were limited to the common schools. He read law in the office of D. J. Neff, of Altoona, and was admitted to the bar in March, 1872. In April of the same year he located at Tyrone, where he has succeeded in building up a fine business. From 1874 till 1876 he had as an associate in the pro fession J. S. Leisenring, now of Altoona. In 1873 he was admitted to practice in the Circuit Court of the United States, and in May, 1874, to the Supreme Court. He has one of the most complete law-offices and extensive libraries in the county. Originally a Republican, he has since 1872 been an adherent of the Prohibition party. Josiah D. Hicks is another of the self-made men of the county, and one of the most rising attorneys of the interior of the State. He was born in Chester County in August, 1844, and after obtaining the ru diments of an education in the common schools read law with Hall & Neff, of Altoona, before he was of age, but on account of his obligations as. a son to his father's family, who were in distressed circumstances, he could not for several years finish his studies. He subsequently read with Alexander & Herr, of Altoona, and was admitted in 1875. The same year he established himself at Tyrone, where he has become a successful attorney. In 1877 he was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court, and in 1880 was elected prosecuting attorney of Blair County. Tyrone Railroad Interests.— The railroad inter ests of the borough more than any other thing have given it that activity and business distinction which it enjoys among the most thriving towns of the State. The place owes its existence to a belief of its founders that it was destined to become a railway centre, and its entire history justifies their expectations. The fact of its being the most northern point on the great Penn sylvania Railroad already gave it decided advantages over neighboring stations, but when it was selected as the terminus of important lateral lines operated by the same company as a division, its future was no longer questionable. Before the building of these tributary roads the Bellefonte plank-road, completed in 1853, was the great highway for the products of the rich valleys of Centre County to market. It was destined soon to give away to a more modern road way. As early as 1856 the project of superseding it by a railroad was discussed, and the Tyrone and Lock Haven Railroad Company formed to carry into effect this purpose. In this, however, the company was unsuccessful, relinquishing the work to other hands after a few years. The Bald Eagle Valley Railroad Company was next formed under a new charter, and in 1861, with the assistance of the Penn sylvania Railroad, commenced building the road, which was gotten in operation the following year. About the same time, 1856, a stock company, bearing the name of the Tyrone and Clearfield Railroad, was formed to build a line to the lumber and coal regions of Clearfield County. This company was also unsuc cessful until the Pennsylvania Railroad came to its assistance, building the road and furnishing the equipments, so that since 1862 the road has been successfully operated. The two roads have a point of intersection three miles above Tyrone, and have a common track into the borough. The third of these lateral lines, the Lewisburg and Tyrone Railroad, is at present building its western section, having been in operation about a year. About 1862 the Tyrone Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad was estab lished, with Samuel G. Black as superintendent. His successor was James Lewis, and he in turn gave place to George C. Wilkins. The latter was suc ceeded in November, 1873, by the present superin tendent, S. S. Blair. Tyrone Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad is composed of the following railroads and branches : Tyrone Branch, main line, 3.1 miles; Bald Eagle Valley Railroad, 51.2 miles; Bellefonte and Snow Shoe Branches, 25 miles; Moshannon Branch, 9 miles; Goss Run Branches, 4.6 miles; Mapleton Branch, 2.2 miles ; Philipsburg Branch, 3.4 miles ; Tyrone and Clearfield Railroad, 44.4 miles ; Lew isburg and Tyrone Railroad, 16.5 miles, making about one hundred and sixty miles. In addition to this about forty miles more are under construction, which will make the division one of the most im portant of the many constituting the system of the company. The extent of the business done, and its increase from year to year, is shown by the shipments of coal for the past fourteen years : Tons. 1867 169,219 1868 .- 171.238 isfio 259,994 Jg70 379,863 1871.. 542,896 1S72 ' 431,915 iln.',".";;. 592,860 Tons. 1874 639,630 1875 928,297 1876 1,281,861 1877 1,374,927 1878 1,295,201 1879 1,631,120 1880 1,739,873 212 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. The shipments of 1881 will exceed the last-named amount about twenty-five per cent. The passen ger traffic and general freight business has propor tionally increased, and is fully equal to the same number of lateral miles of other divisions of the company. At Tyrone is the yard of the division, containing about three and one-half miles of track, at the lower end of which are several large and well-supplied Bhops for doing all grades of work on the running- stock of the company. They were established about 1868, and were first under the management of An drew Vauclain, Sr., and later of William H. Jackson. Then came William H. Carothers as master-mechanic. The shops give employment to about seventy-five men. The round-house, in the same locality, has stalls for thirty engines, but the division has forty engines, thirty-four of which are located at Tyrone. In 1861, D. D. Wood came to the division as a conductor, but since January, 1862, has been its train-master. About fifty men are at work in the yard. The first station on the main line was at the Upper Tyrone Forge, half a mile below the present site, where Arthur Clark was the first agent, and was suc ceeded by Charles Worrell. In 1853 the present depot was established, and Jacob Burley appointed ticket and freight agent, serving until 1859, when Caleb Guyer was appointed, the passenger and freight agen cies being that year separated. The present freight agent is Frank Guyer ; the ticket agent is William J. Howe. The station-house, an ordinary frame depot building, was destroyed by fire early in the morning of Dec. 18, 1879, involving a loss of five thousand dollars, besides the books of the Tyrone Division, which were in the office of the building. The present new star tion-house is on the site of the destroyed structure, and has been occupied since October, 1880. It is forty-eight by sixty-eight feet, resting on a very firm foundation, the lower part of the building forming a roomy basement. The superstructure is two stories high, and is built of pressed brick, laid so as to pro duce a pleasing combination of form and color. The architecture is unique, but harmonious and attractive, the octagonal faces and angles of the building, from their elevated positions, producing a pleasing effect. The building is heated by steam, lighted by gas, and contains all the modern conveniences. It cost to build sixteen thousand dollars. On the first floor are the ordinary depot arrangements, including an ex press office, where J. M. Calderwood has been the agent since 1864, while on the second floor are con venient and handsome offices for the superintendent of the Tyrone Division and the clerical force con nected therewith. General Manufacturing Interests.— Tyrone being pre-eminently a railroad town, but little attention was paid to manufacturing in the early years of its his tory. A brewery was one of the first industries, and the manufacture of malt liquor is yet carried on. The present brewery on the hillside east of Bald Eagle Creek was built by Leonard Feuchter and Henry Burkett, and is now owned by Joseph Huel. It is a substantial stone building, but the capacity is small. About the same time a foundry was started near the river, at the foot of Logan Street, by Stone, Williams & Co., which was subsequently carried on by Alex. Bobb and William Mattern. In the course of years the foundry-building was converted into a steam flouring-mill by P. Sneeringer and T. B. Heims, and operated by them until the spring of 1873, when they sold out to John W. Thomas and Michael Hamer. The mill is at present again owned by the original builders. It is forty-six by seventy- five feet, with an engine-room adjoining twenty-five by thirty-five feet, in which is an engine of thirty-five horse-power, giving the -mill a good capacity, but for some time it has been idle. Another large building was erected in 1873 on the Bald Eagle Creek, near its mouth, by the Keystone Furniture Company, com posed of R. Gingrich, John McFarland, C. R. Burley, and William T. Henderson. The building is three stories high, with dimensions forty by forty-eight feet. The motive-power was steam, and the factory was successfully operated for a few years, when re verses caused the building to be devoted to other uses. The Tyrone Planing-Mills were erected in 1865 by F. D. Beyer in the upper part of the bor ough, on Glen Avenue. In August, 1868, they be came the property of Samuel McCamant, John Elliott, David T. Caldwell, William Stokes, and John M. Harper, under the firm-name of McCa mant, Elliott & Co., who operated them until Jan. 1, 1871, when the company was dissolved and the prop erty passed into the hands of the present proprietors, Samuel McCamant and J. M. Harper. The original mill has been much enlarged, and its capacity, conse quently, greatly increased. At present it is eighty by one hundred feet, and has as its motive-power steam, furnished by a fifty horse-power engine. The most approved machinery is used in the manufacture of all sorts of builders' lumber, the firm itself being largely engaged in building and doing contract-work. Employment is given to twenty men. In connection with the mills is a well-stocked lumber-yard. The Tyrone Saw- and Planing-Mills, on the corner of Glen and Lincoln Avenues, were built by the present proprietors, Beyer, Guyer & Co., in 1870. On the 13th of May, 1873, the mill and the extensive lumber-yards conneoted therewith were destroyed by fire, involving a loss of twenty thousand dollars. The work of rebuilding commenced at once, and in August of the same year the establisment was in full opera tion, and has since been unremittingly carried on. The saw-mill has a capacity for cutting fifteen thou sand feet per day, and the planing-mill is large and supplied with all conveniences for doing first-class work. The senior member of the firm, F. D. Beyer, is SS si 0 @ TYRONE BOROUGH. 213 interested in the manufacture of lumber in Clearfield County, and in connection with his business at Ty rone carries on a heavy lumber trade. An extensive building ;business is also carried on by the firm, which employs from thirty to forty men in all the depart ments of the business. Tyrone Steam-Boiler Works and Machine- Shop— About 1863, James Louden, James Redding, George W. Rose, and others built a foundry in the upper part of the borough, which they carried on until 1870, when they disposed of their interests to William H. H. Nivling, who built the present ma chine-shop in 1873, supplying a new engine, lathe, cupola, and carried on a general machinist trade. The following year the frame building north of the machine-shop was built and equipped with ma chinery for making white lead, in which the Tyrone Lead and Zinc Company (W. H- H. Nivling, David Jones, Samuel McCamant, and George W. Hoover) began operations under the Hannum process, James Hannum himself being the manager. He died at this place before the works were fairly in operation, and after being carried on fruitlessly for several years they were discontinued and the machinery removed. The building stood idle some years, but in the spring of 1878, W. H. Pawling there began the manufacture of boilers, tanks, and sheet-iron work, continuing to the present, employing about twenty men. The foun dry and machine-shop are yet carried on by Mr. Niv ling, although owned since 1879 by J. M. Kelley. Half a. dozen men are employed upon general repair work and the manufacture of engine and mill ma chinery. The Sinking Run TANNERY-was gotten in opera tion soon after the town was laid out by Stover & Ettinger, of Centre County, with George Ettinger in charge. It is thirty by forty feet, and first employed horse-power, steam being supplied in 1874 by Stephen Lehner, who had purchased the tannery seven years earlier. The tannery is at present the property of Henry Vail & Co., and is capacitated to tan about eighteen hundred hides per year. The Bald Eagle Tannery. — This establishment is located on the Juniata, opposite the mouth of the Bald Eagle Creek, at the railroad depot. It was first gotten in operation by the original proprietor, Daniel P. Ray, in August, 1870 ; but the tannery erected at that time and successfully carried on a few years was destroyed by fire in the early part of February, 1873. He at once rebuilt it to twice its former capacity, re suming his tanning business in June of that year, although the building was not wholly completed until September, 1873. Mr. Ray conducted this extensive business until his death, March 24, 1881, since which time his sons, John K. and Daniel P., have been the proprietors and operators. The tannery as it stands at present consists of a large main building forty-two by two hundred and, eighty-three feet, two stories high. In the lower story are one hundred and twenty-six double vats, and a proportionate number of handlers. The upper story is used as a drying loft. In one end of this building are the offices of the tannery. Extending as a wing on the west side of the building is a room forty by fifty feet, which contains apparatus for rolling the leather. On the east side of the main house is a building for the engine and for leaching purposes, as well as two Keystone bark-mills capacitated to grind two tons per hour. Near by are the liquor storage tanks and the pump-house, containing a Silsby pump for use in case of fire. Opposite are the boiler- and beam-houses, with appropriate arrange ments for liming, drying the hair, and baling the same. The bark-shed has a storage capacity for a year's supply, the barks used being about equal quan tities of. hemlock and rock -oak, about five thousand tons being consumed annually. The motive-power of the tannery is steam, generated in two boilers twenty -four feet long and forty-two inches in diameter. These are heated by a Hoyt tan-burning furnace, twenty feet long and six feet wide, no other substance than spent tan-bark being used for fuel. The smoke stack is of brick, one hundred and fifteen feet high, and eleven feet square at the base, having a forty-four- inch flue. The engine has a power equal to fifty horses. The tannery is capacitated to tan ninety-five hides per day, and the leather produced has received the highest commendation at the Philadelphia and Vienna Expositions, the superior merit being attested by medals awarded. The tannery is one of the lead ing industries of the borough, giving steady employ* ment to about forty men. The Tyrone Paper-Mill1 is owned and operated by Morrison, Bare & Cass, proprietors of the Roaring Spring Paper-Mills. It is located at the north end of Main Street, on the Bald Eagle Creek, from which it receives its supply of water. The mill is engaged in the manufacture of printing-paper from the fibre of wood, under the management of J. S. Morrison. The wood used in the manufacture of the pulp is mainly bass, poplar, and white-pine, although other varieties may be used. The work of putting up the buildings at Tyrone was begun in March, 1880, and on the 1st of October of the same year the mill was put in operation. The main buildings are in the form of a hollow square, the open face being toward the creek. The '' alkali" building, where the wood and material for reducing it to pulp are first carried, is fifty by seventy- two feet, and is two stories high. The upper of these is used for the mixing of alkali used in the reducing process, which is then run into settling vats located on the first floor, where are also the wood- chipping machines. Each of these has a large disk of iron, six inches thick, with heavy knives fastened on its radii. The chips are made about three-eighths of an inch long, and the capacity of a machine is three 1 From a sketch by Frank R. Waring. 214 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. cords per hour. The chips are carried from the machines by elevator buckets to the digesters, seven large upright boilers, located in the room adjoining, where they are cooked under steam pressure for twelve hours. The alkaline liquor, which aids essen tially in the digestion of the chips, is pumped into the boilers from the settling vats. The digesting-r'oom is fifty feet square. Turning to the left at a right angle, the engine-room is approached. In size it is fifty by one hundred and ninety feet, and contains washing- engines, wet-machines, bleaching- and sizing-en- gines, and the large Jordan engine, which gives the stock its final mastication. When the wood passes out of the digesters it is a dark-colored mass, but after passing successively through these different machines and being subjected to the various processes connected therewith its color becomes a pure white. The sec ond story of the digesting-house is used for storage purposes, and its stone basement for intermediate vats, shafting, etc. Another turn to the left reveals the machine-room, fifty-five by one hundred and twenty feet, which is parallel with the alkali building, and which contains two eighty-four-inch Fourdrinier paper-machines, having a capacity of twenty thousand pounds of paper per day of twenty-four hours, and which are driven by their own special engines. The pulp, which has been kept in continual agita tion since it left the Jordan machine, is pumped out upon an endless apron of No. 70 wire-cloth, having a vibratory motion, and by the time the pulp has been carried over nearly all the water has been shaken out. Other aprons of felt carry it through two sets of press- rolls, which press out the remaining water, their principle of operation being the same as the ordinary clothes-wringer. Thence it is passed over the dryers, ten large iron cylinders heated by steam, which leaves the paper in a perfectly dry state to pass through the calenders, a stack of chilled iron rolls seven in num ber revolving one upon another, which gives the paper its finish. It is then wound on reels, and from there run through the cutting machine, which slits and cuts it off into square sheets of any desired size. Girls take the paper from these machines and lay it with edges even. Other girls count and fold it in quires, which are placed to form reams, a number of which are tied together to form bundles. More than a hundred hands are employed in the various opera tions of the mill. In addition to the buildings men tioned is the engine-house, containing the large driving-engine, and boiler-house, containing nine tubular steam generators of six hundred horse-pOwer. The brick smoke-stack is eighty feet high, and the huge water tanks are kept supplied by a powerful steam-pump placed near the creek. Facing these is the evaporator building, where a percentage of the soda ash used is recovered. Conveniently disposed to the buildings is the railroad siding, which brings fuel and the raw material to the mill, and carries away its constantly increasing productions. Study & Co., Miners and Shippers op Iron Ores. — Although not properly a manufacturing in dustry, the mining interests of Study & Co. may be appropriately noted in this connection. The com pany was formed in Tyrone, May 1, 1879, the asso ciating members being E. L. Study, Robert A. Mc Coy, P. Sneeringer, and James L. Shultz, to develop the minerals on the lands of George and J. H. Shoen berger, in Huntingdon County. The terms of their lease limit their operations to such lands as are com prised within a radius of four miles, having Hunting don Furnace as a centre. In November, 1879, the Rockhill Iron and Coal Company was admitted as partner of the firm, securing a fourth interest in the business. After the death of E. L. Study, in Janu ary, 1880, his interests passed into the hands of H. J. Cornman, and S. S. Blair, of Tyrone, was also ad mitted into the firm, which continued to bear the name of Study & Co. The " plant" consists of a pipe line, one and a half miles in length, to convey the waters of Warrior's Mark Run to the ore-washer, an elevation of one hundred and ninety feet being over come by the use of an Eclipse pump, having a capa city of eight hundred gallons per minute. The ores are washed, by machines having a capacity of one hundred and twenty tons per day, and bear a most excellent reputation among iron-masters. A narrow- gauge railroad, three miles in length, carries the pro ducts of the mines to Shoenberger Station, on the main line of the Pennsylvania Railroad, where they are shipped to many points east and west. The ap pointments at the station and at the " plant" are first- class, giving the company unusually good facilities for transacting its business. The management is from Tyrone, but the general manager of the mines is A, W. Greenwood. About sixty men are employed. Secret Orders.— Tyrone Lodge, No. 494, F. and A. M., was instituted July 10, 1871, with the follow ing charter members : W. M., Rev. Thomas Barnhart of No. 300; S. W., J. A. Boyer, of No. 203; J. W, Rev. S. M. Moore, of No. 300; S., Caleb Guyer, of No 220 ; Treas., T. W. Graffius, of No. 300 ; Moses Robe son, of No. 203; G. W. Burkett, M.D., of No. 313 Jacob Burley, of No. 281 ; John Reinhart, of No. 281 ; S. C. Stewart, of No. 300 ; James McQuead, of No. 281 ; Joseph Eshbach, of No. 267 ; I. P. Walton, of No. 271; Sidney Thompson, M.D., of No. 300; J. A. Crawford, of No. 381 ; John Reynolds, of No. 106; F. A. Kneass, of No. 391; W. C. Irwin, of No. 391: G. C. Wilkins, of No. 106 ; S. M. Coster, of No. 391 ; Joseph Williams, of No. 281 ; Louis Evans, of No. 281 ; J. K. Russell, of No. 281 ; H. F. Coplin, of No. 391 ; S. O. Malin, of No. 199 ; E. L. Study, of No. 281. The lodge had in September, 1881, fifty-four mem bers, but the aggregate membership has been about double that number. Its meetings are held in a hand somely furnished hall, on the southeast corner of Main and Juniata Streets, which has accommodations for TYRONE BOROUGH. 215 one hundred and twenty-five persons, on the third Monday evening of each month. The present (1881) officers are J. C. Kegel, W. M. ; J. K. Ray, S. W. ; C. Guyer, J. W. ; Jacob Burley, T. ; Jeremiah Ike, S. ; I. P. Walton, S. D. ; M. L. Logan, J. D. ; and Rev. S. M. Moore, Chaplain. Since the organization of the lodge the Masters have been S. M. Moore, J. K. Russell, W. R. Irvin, H. F. Coplin, A. J. Latham, and J. M. Smith, in addition to those already named ; and the secretaries for the same period have been H. H. Hamilton, John Reyn olds, Frederick Vogt, J. M. Smith, and Jesse Ike. Tyrone Lodge, No. 152, I. 0. O. F., was insti tuted at Birmingham, in Huntingdon County, in 1848, and had a successful existence for a few years, until the removal of most of its members caused the organ ization to be abandoned. Subsequently, on the 17th of July, 1872, the number was claimed by Tyrone Lodge, which embraced at its institution some of the old members, those entering into fellowship at that time being J. A. Boyer, A. H. Edwards, David S. Johnston, George A. Dickson, John A. Hiller, Stewart Fox, William Shellenberger, F. M. Bell, and J. J. Boyer. The first named was the Noble Grand, and that position has since been filled by J. J. Boyer, William T. Henderson, John Palmer, Henry L. Stet- tler, S. D. Burley, S. M. Study, P. H. Hammaker, George W. Dickson, C. M. Ewing, H. W. Cutler, W. J. Sausser, Frederick Vogt, J. D. Hicks, H. C. Kep hart, A. A. Smith, and M. L. Logan, the latter being the Noble Grand .in the fall of 1881. The member ship at the same period was eighty. The meetings of the lodge are held in a hall in Hiller's block, finely furnished at a cost of about thirteen hundred dol lars, and the property is in charge of trustees H. W. Cutler, S. M. Study, and F. M. Bell. Silver Spring Lodge, No. 103, K. of P., was instituted in the borough of Tyrone in 1868, with the following officers : D. D. Wood, W. C. ; Joseph Battin, B.C.; W. H. Carothers, V. P.; W. A.Magonagle, G.; T. W. Thomson, W. S. ; J. C. Kepner, T. S. For a period the lodge flourished, but a number of causes tended to produce non-attendance on the part of the members, and a lack of interest in its welfare induced the Organization to be finally abandoned in 1876. It had a fine place of meeting, and financially was well conditioned. The Emerald Beneficial Society, Tyrone Branch, No. 23, maintained for some years in con nection with other charitable enterprises of the Cath olic Church at Tyrone, has also been permitted to dis organize ; but The Tyrone Eintracht Gesang Verein, a society of German citizens, organized for social and musical purposes, has yet a flourishing existence. It was instituted in 1873 with twenty-five members and the following officers: Frederick Vogt, president; George Barrick, musical director. Others prominent in the organization of the society were U. A- Herr, John Reinhart, Israel Miller, John Palmer, and T. 0. Boyer. The society has had an aggregate member ship of one hundred and fifty, but it is at present not stronger numerically than when it was organized. In the summer of 1881 a fair-sized hall was built for the use of the society, which was appropriately dedicated on the 4th of August ; its cost was about twelve hun dred dollars. The property is in charge of the fol lowing trustees : Frederick Vogt, president ; John Kienzle, vice-president ; John Palmer, secretary ; John Reinhart, treasurer ; Gabriel Palmer, and George Kienzle. The Sheridan Troop, P. N. (?., an organization of cavalrymen, composed of the citizens of Tyrone and the adjacent townships, elected its first officers July 15, 1871, at Tyrone borough, as follows: Captain, C. S. W. Jones ; First Lieutenant, J. C. Akers ; Second Lieutenant, R. Gingrich ; First Sergeant, S. B. Tem pleton ; Quartermaster-Sergeant, W. A. Caldwell ; Commissary, R. L. Stephens; Sergeants, H. F. Coplin and F. Wonduly, John H. Ermin, George Ehman, and John T. Ross ; Corporals, G. W. Bridenbaugh, S. A. Gibson, C. McFarland, James A. Study, John H. Ehman, C. N. McCoy, G. L. H. Guyer, and Thomas Caldwell; Musicians, Frank Guyer and Edmund Waring. Caldwell's Hall was secured for an armory, and a uniform was adopted, consisting of light blue pants with three yellow cords on the outside of each leg, dark blue shirt (sailor pattern), and dark blue cap trimmed with yellow lace. The first lieutenant resigned in 1873, and George W. Late was elected in his stead, and after he had served a year he was succeeded by George W. Gen- simer, who was elected Sept. 26, 1874. The present second lieutenant was elected Dec. 11, 1875. The roster of officers in September, 1881, was as follows : Captain, C. S. W. Jones ; First Lieutenant, George Gensimer; Second Lieutenant, Thomas M. Fleck; First Sergeant, A. A. K. Waite; Quarter master-Sergeant, D. R. Fry ; Color-Sergeant, W. C. Galbraith; Sergeants, Thomas R. Flick, Peter Mead ville, Joseph L. Beck, Albert A. Ross, R. N. Ellen berger ; Corporals, David Shultz, Scott Buck, Harry Burkett, George Raybold, W. T. Isett, Cyrus Fleck, George Ramey, Luther Crawford, John Bruner, and B. F. Evans. There were also thirty-six privates. The " Sheridan Troop" is attached to the Second Brigade of the National Guards of the State, and is a soldierly body of men. Capt. Jones served with creditable distinction in the war for the Union, and was mustered out as a captain of Company B, First Pennsylvania Cavalry, in June, 1865. Connected with the " Troop" since 1873 has been the Sheridan Cornet Band of Tyrone, which is at present under the leadership of George H. Garner. The president of the band is D. D. Wood, and there are eighteen mem bers belonging. It was organized in 1867 as the " Crystal Spring Band," with William Zinn, leader, and Thomas Caldwell, president, who promoted the 216 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. welfare of the band by furnishing the means necessary to its existence. Other leaders of the band have been F. L. Ripley, W. H. Baumgardner, J. A. C. Stewart, and W. H. Cams. The Public Schools of Tyrone.— The first school building on the village site was a log house eighteen by twenty feet, which stood on the corner of Main and Allegheny Streets. After the village was laid out it was occupied as a public-house for several years by William Burnes. The next school-house Stood on Spring Street, and was the first one; built to accommodate the youth of the growing village. It was a two-story brick, the upper story being used as a common place of worship by the Protestant soci eties of the village until their respective church edi fices could be occupied. It was controlled by a board of trustees, selected from the different persuasions having representatives in the borough. The lower story formed a large school-room, in which J. M. Cal derwood, after the fall of 1852, instructed the youth for a number of years, having for an assistant, after a time, Miss Martha Thompson. After 1855 the upper story was also occupied for school purposes, and the village schools were about this time graded, the teachers being J. M. Calderwood, Lantz, and Mrs. Deahl. The house becoming too small an effort was made to secure the erection of a larger house, but it was three years before the board could accomplish this purpose. A special act of the General Assembly authorized the borough to issue bonds to the amount Of ten thousand dollars, and in 1868 a contract was made with F. D. Beyer to erect the school edifice for eleven thousand dollars. A very fine site, affording a large yard, was selected in the central part of the town, on which the building, a brick, sixty-six feet square- and two stories high, was placed. It contains ten spacious rooms, which are heated by furnaces, and are supplied with such .furniture and requisites as are usually found in well-regulated schools. When the house was occupied first there were six schools, under the principalship of S. C. Laird. His succes sors were Professors Orr, Sterritt, Smeigh, and H. L. Atkinson. The latter Was at the head of the schools until April, 1877, when he was succeeded by the pres ent able principal, Professor A. W. Greene. Among his colaborers in the nine schools of the borough are Jerry Ike, J. B. Cox, and E. O. M. Haberacker. The number of pupils enrolled in 1881 was three hundred and three males and two hundred and fifty-seven females. These were instructed at a cost of eighty- eight cents per pupil each month. Since the incorporation of the village the following persons were yearly elected as members of the school board : 1858, F. M. Bell, William Stokes, John Marks, j. L. Holmes, James McFarland, George Mattern ; 1859, E. L. Study, Benjamin Jones, George Mattern ; 1860, Henry Henchey, J. H. Burley ; 1861, J. H. Patterson, E. W. Graffius ; 1862, William Stokes, J. M. Harper ; 1863, J. H. Burley, I. P. Walton ; 1864, J. W. Thomas, Caleb Guyer; 1865, J. L. Holmes, J. S. Plummer, J. M. Calderwood ; I860, J. H. Burley, P. Sneeringer, J. M. Harper, James Williams ; 1867, C. Guyer, J. McCoy, H. H. Eoedell; 1868, C. E. Burley, D. T. Caldwell; 1869, A. P. Calderwood, Samuel McCamant, W. Nowlin, John A. Hitler, Jacob Russell; 1870-71, S. M. Nowlin, T. B. Heims; 1872, J. L. Holmes, C. Guyer; 1873, Z. B. Gray, J. D. Hicks, H. Cryder; 1874, J. C. Burley, J. K. Russell; 1875, S. H. Cue, W. George Waring, O. W. Ramsey, J. M. Harper; 1876, W. 0. Myers, Henry Myers, Linus Greek Zane, B. Gray ; 1877, John T. Lyon, W. E. Craine ; 1878, W. George Warink, J. M. Calderwood ; 1879, S. S. Blair, James S. Plum mer, D. P. Ray, Sr., W. J. Sansser; 1880, Daniel P. Ray, Sr., J. H. Holtzinger; 1881, the board was composed of the following; S. S. Blair, president; J. H. Holtzinger, secretary; I. P.Walton, S. M. Nowlin, Henry Myers, C. M. Ewing. Religious Societies. — The borough of Tyrone has ample church accommodations and societies repre senting many shades of religious belief, as noted below. The first sermon in the village was preached by a colored traveling minister, early in the fall of 1851, at the house of William Andrews, a butcher, who lived on Logan Street. Later the same year a Methodist prayer-meeting was organized and main tained at the house of William Burley. Thence followed the organization of The Tyrone Methodist Episcopal Church. — The first preaching service was held by the Rev. George Guyer, in one of the old log houses which stood on the Village site. Later meetings were held in the City Hotel, before it was completed, also in the Central Hotel building, and in other places, until the church edifice was erected in 1855. It is a two- story brick, forty-five by seventy-five feet, and cost about seven thousand dollars. The building was erected under the direction of J. D. Stewart and Caleb Guyer. In 1881 the church property was controlled by a board of trustees composed of Jacob Burley, David Smith, S. J. Marks, James Huston, Henry Logan, J. R. Reiley, John G. Waite, and F. Guyer. Its unfavorable location, on Railroad Street, will cause it to be relinquished for other purposes as soon as the society can procure a more eligible lot upon which to erect a new church. Among the early Methodists at Tyrone were Wil liam Burley and wife, the former being the first class- leader, Mrs. Susan Burley, Rebecca Jones, Sarah Ful ton, Mrs. Davidson, Mrs. Evans, J. M. Calderwood, Samuel Agnew, John D. Stewart, Mrs. Jacob Burley, and Caleb Guyer and wife. In 1881 the church roll contained the names of three hundred and thirty-five persons, enrolled as members of eight classes, under the leadership of F. M. Bell, J. D. Stewart, H. F. Coplin, D. S. Burkett, J. M. Calderwood, W. F. Meminger, Caleb Guyer, and A. A. Smith. The Sabbath-school, of which Caleb Guyer is the super intendent, has three hundred members. Until Tyrone became a separate station, in 1869, with two hundred and seventy members, the minis ters Who preached at this place were the same as those of the Birmingham ChUrch, East Tyrone, yet belonging to that circuit. The preachers of Tyrone Station have been: 1869-71, Rev. Thomas Barnhart; 1872-74, James H. McCord ; 1875-76, ReV. Reuben TYRONE BOROUGH. 217 E. Wilson; 1877-78* ReV. Ezra H. Yocum; and since the spring of 1879, the Rev. F. B. Riddle. . The Tyrone Presbyterian Church. — At a meeting Of the Presbytery of Huntingdon, held in Sinking Valley, Oct. 7, 1856, a committee was appointed to organize the above church. This committee com prised the Revs. A. B. Clarke, O. 0. McClean, and John Elliott, and Elders Jonathan Hamilton, of Al toona, and DaVid G. Hunter, of the Logan Valley Church, but only the two last-named clergymen ap peared at the time appointed, April 7, 1857. After a sermon by the Rev. McClean on the text, "For I de termined not to know anything among you save Jesus Christ and Him crucified," the following persons pre sented themselves for admission as members : Adam and Mary Lefford, Joseph Haggerty, John H. Pat terson, Selina G. Thomas, Elizabeth Jones, Sarah Gingrich, Keziah Donnelly, Sarah Crowther, Emily Crowther, and Margaret Peightal. Adam Lefford and Joseph Haggerty were elected the first ruling elders, the latter also serving as clerk. Other mem bers were soon added, viz. : Elizabeth Cramer, James A. Stewart, H. M. Stewart, Susan Lefford, John D. Ball, Samuel Jones, Cornelius Campbell, Anna Camp bell, Margaret Bradin, Hugh A. Campbell, Mrs. Angelina Campbell, Armina Stewart, Dr. Thomas Campbell, and Samuel McCamant. The increase of membership has been steady, and on several occa sions there have been unusually large additions, re sulting from revival services. Notable among these were the accessions the past two years, aggregating one hundred and four members, which swelled the membership in 1881 to over three hundred persons. These were under the pastoral direction of the Rev. S. M. Moore, who was installed pastor Dec. 6, 1870. His predecessor was the Rev. J. H. Clark, who sup plied the Tyrone congregation in connection with the Birmingham Church as early as 1864, and from 1867 to the accession of the Rev. Moore Was the pas tor. He died in the service of the church Sept. 23, 1870. Previous supplies were the Revs. John Elliott, in 1857, the Rev. Barnard, and the Rev. W. A. Hooper in 1861, with others for brief periods. To the session of the church have belonged elders ordained as below : Adam Lefford, Joseph Haggerty, April 7, 1857 ; Dr. Thomas Campbell, Aug. 29, 1858 ; Hugh A. Campbell, Feb. 28, 1859; John H. Patter- Son, Jan. 21, 1862; William H. Robertson, Septem ber, 1865 ; Samuel W. Barr,1 John M. Harper,1 Wil liam H. H. Nivling,1 Sept. 29, 1867; Samuel Mc Camant,1 John Gemmill, February, 1871; C. J. Kegel,1 James A. Crawford,1 Dec. 9, 1877. Elder Samuel W. Barr was elected clerk of the session in 1867, and has since discharged the duties of that office. For the same period— 1857 to 1881— the deacons have been Hugh A. Campbell, Samuel McCamant, 1 Present elders. John H. Patterson, Jacob K. Russell, Joseph Batten, C. J. Kegel, Samuel H. Cree, Michael Hamer,2 James A. Crawford,2 Robert M. Bailey,2 John F. Wilson,2 Robert G. McLanahan,2 William 0. Myers,2 and J. C. M. Hamilton.2 A flourishing Sabbath-school has been maintained by the church for many years, the present superin tendent being S. 8. Blair. Among his predeces sors have been Samuel McCamant, T. L. Caldwell, and S. C. Laird. The enrollment of the school in 1881 shows 9 officers, 29 teachers, and 252 scholars. The house of worship occupied by the society was erected in 1857, on Logan Street. It is a two-story brick, of moderate proportions, and has become too small for the growing congregation. Accordingly it was decided, April 6, 1881, to erect a new edifice on the same street, south of the parsonage, which stands on a lot adjoining the old church. The plans for the building were prepared by Isaac Purcell, architect, of Philadelphia, and embraced an audience-room sixty by sixty feet, with a twenty-four-feet extension in the rear for a lecture- room and church parlor. The main entrance is through the tower at the corner of the church, on Logan and Clearfield Streets, and directly in front of the pulpit are semi-circular pews. A semi circular gallery for one hundred and fifty persons, making the entire capacity nearly seven hundred. The material is brick, trimmed with stone, and the edifice throughout is chaste and attractive, costing about twelve thousand dollars. The building committee consisted of S. S. Blair, chairman ; C. J. Kegel, secre tary; Robert A. McCoy, treasurer; Samuel McCa^ mant, John F. Rung, R. G. McLannahan, John F. Wilson, A. J. Whitney, T. T. Shirk, and James A, Crawford. St. Matthew's Church (Roman Catholic).— At the time of the building of the railroad through Tyrone a number of Catholic families were employed, who were occasionally visited by the Rev. J. Bradley, of Newry, who said mass at the houses of some of the members. He thus ministered to them from the close of 1851 till the beginning of 1853, when the bishop determined that a church should be built. Accordingly, in the spring of that year, lots were purchased, and the work of building commenced. The corner-stone was laid May 29, 1853, by the ReV. W. Pollard, who served the church a short time as pastor, but it was soon after attached to Altoona, and was attended from that place until the close of 1858. The house was dedicated Sept. 24, 1854, under the invocation of the apostle St. Matthew. It is built in the Gothic style, forty by seventy-five feet, and has a steeple rising from the front. On account of irn^ proper foundations a part of the wall had to be re built in 1876, but the church and the priest's house on the same street are now a fine property. The congregation is large and growing constantly, 3 Present deacons. 218 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. and although largely composed of the poorer classes, is an important element in the place. A school has been maintained in the parish, with more or less regu larity. In the latter part of 1858 the Rev. P. M. Sheehan was appointed pastor, and continued until November, 1861. Since that time the Rev. John C. Farren has been in charge of the Tyrone parish. Zion's German Evangelical Lutheran Church.— Previous to the organization of this body a few mem bers of that faith assembled for worship in the school- house on Brewery Hill, where meetings were held at stated periods. Among the members were John A. Hiller, Robert Waring, Henry Burket, David Bowers, and a few others. The ministers were visiting clergy men, one of the first being the Rev. Christ, who died in Altoona in 1880. The Rev. Hite came later, and under his preaching in the United Brethren Church the congregation increased in numbers. Money was raised in 1863, and the following year the frame house of worship on Logan Street, at present occupied by the society, was erected, chiefly under the direction of Dr. H. H. Roedell and Christian Seeger. Its cost was about eighteen hundred dollars. A church council organized the same year had as its mem bers John A. Hiller, Leonard Amon, Henry Burket, Christian Seeger, and C. Opferkuck. Although hav ing quite a large aggregate membership, the strength of the congregation has been diminished by the forma tion of an English Lutheran congregation at Tyrone, and its members at present do not exceed sixty. The church council in 1881 was as follows : Pastor, Rev. F. M. Lauffer, Leonard Amon, Henry Woolff, Henry Burket, David Bowers, John Amon, Adam Wolf gang. The Rev. Mr. Lauffer has been the pastor for the past five years. His predecessors as ministers of the congregation have been the Revs. D. A. Martin, John Herr, and C. Fetzer. The minister's home is in a parsonage purchased in 1865. A German-English Sabbath-school is maintained by the church, the English superintendent being John Hinely, the Ger man, Henry Woolff. The First English Evangelical Lutheran Church of Tyrone was organized March 25, 1872, with mem bers as follows : Rev. J. Kiestler, W.J. Sausser, Sarah A. Sausser, John A. Hiller, Wilhelmina Hiller, Chris tian Albright, Mary Albright, John Fry, Sr., Mary Fry, C. Opferkuck, Mary Opferkuck, George Ehman, Adam Estriken, William Shellenberger, P. Shellen berger, Robert Waring, and Mrs. Samuel Study. John Fry and Robert Waring were elected the first elders, and William Shellenberger and W. J. Sausser, deacons. In 1873, C. Opferkuck was elected elder, and William Laird, deacon. The council in 1881 was composed of Elders A. J. Mattern and J. A, Hiller, Deacons John Albright, Charles Schriber, and Clinton Sausser. The Rev. Mr. Kiestler served the congregation in the ministry until the fall of 1877, and was succeeded in January, 1878, by the present pastor, the Rev. J. H. Walterick. The congregation has about sixty members, who met for worship in a public hall until the church edifice building, on Logan Street below Ridge, was ready for occupancy. The building, is thirty -five by fifty-five feet, with basement, and the estimated cost was five thousand dollars. The committee in charge of its erection was composed of J. H. Walterick, J. A. Hiller, Christian Albright, Fulbert Snyder, and Wil liam Shellenberger. The church sustains a Sabbath- school, which has for its superintendent A. J. Mat tern. The Tyrone Church of the United Brethren in Christ. — The building in which this society wor ships was erected on Spring or Railroad Street in 1855. It is a two-story house, and the trustees in 1881 were Henry Getz, William Getz, G. W. Igou, Jerre Ike, and Henry Myers. Among the early members of the congregation were John Branstetter, Samuel Berlin, Isaac Ulrich, Isaac Berlin, Abraham Van Scoyoc, Benjamin Walker, Thomas Keyes, Cyrus Jeffries, and G. W. Rieger. The membership at this time, September, 1881, is forty, constituting a class led by Henry Getz. The Tyrone Circuit, formed in 1857, has supplied the ministerial service since the church was formed. The Rev. J. Walker was the first preacher in charge. The subsequent appointees were : 1858, Rev. D. Prin gle; 1859, Rev. R. Armor; 1860-61, Rev. J. F. Tall helm; 1862-63, Rev. Joshua Walker; 1864, Rev. J. L. Baker; 1865, Rev. S. J. Hayes; 1866-67, Rev. J. Potter; 1868-69, Rev. J. Walker,-. 1870-71, Rev. J. Medoger; 1872, Rev. L. W. Stahl ; 1873, Rev. George Chappell; 1874-75, Rev. J. S. Miller; 1876, Rev. J. C. Shearer ; 1877-79, Rev. L. R. Jones ; 1880-81, Rev. R. S. Woodward. The Tyrone Baptist Church was organized in the spring of 1870, with the following thirteen members : J. L. Holmes and wife, Henry Cryder, John Cryder, Fannie Cryder, Jacob Cryder and wife, Rebecca Van Scoyoc, G. Grazier and wife, David Dickson, Jennie Cree, and Miss Carr. Henry Cryder was elected the first deacon. The same year a meeting-house was erected on the upper part of Logan Street, at a cost of three thousand dollars, the building being a frame thirty-five by fifty-five feet. It was consecrated in the fall of 1870 by Dr. Chadwick. The church was under the ministry of the Rev. J. L. Holmes from 1871 to 1876, the membership increasing meantime from thirteen to fifty-four. From the latter period until 1880 the pulpit was supplied by the Centre As sociation of the Baptist Church, when the Rev. J. W. Evans became the minister, and .continued about a year. But various causes having contributed to di minish the membership until but a few adhered to the organization, it became practically extinct in the spring of 1881, when the meeting-house was but oc casionally occupied. TAYLOR TOWNSHIP. 219. The Young Men's Christian Association of Tyrone. — On the 18th of December, 1870, the above association was organized with about twenty-five members and principal officers as follows : Benjamin M. Bunker, president ; Henry Cryder, secretary. The subsequent presiding officers were F. M. Bell, Henry Cryder, C. J. Kegel, A. J. Mattern, S. S. Blair, and A. J. Whitney. Associated with the latter the present officers are J. L. Holmes, vice-president; A. J. Mat tern, secretary; F. M. Bell, treasurer ; C. M. Ewing, J. C. M. Hamilton, C. J. Kegel, S. S. Blair, and J. H. Watterick, directors. Although an independent organization, the associa tion co-operates with the several religious bodies of the borough in maintaining union meetings of prayer and praise. More than fifty members have belonged, and considerable activity has been displayed by the association, but lately its work has hot been aggres sive. Tyrone Cemetery Association. — Before 1857 the citizens of Tyrone had no place for interment nearer than Birmingham and Mount Zion, in Antes town ship, but in the -spring of the year above named a movement was set on foot by J. L. Holmes to estab lish a cemetery convenient to the borough. A com mittee was appointed to select a site, which reported that a spot west of the borough was suitable and ad vantageous. Beyond this action nothing was done until December, 1857, when J. L. Holmes took up the matter individually, and securing the signatures of forty-nine of his neighbors, he entered into a compact to furnish each of the subscribers with a lot for burial, nine by twelve feet in extent, and to have the ceme tery ready for interment by the 1st of June, 1858. In accordance with this purpose he purchased an acre of ground of Robert Waring, on the hill southwest of the borough, and to make a legal organization for its control, associated with him Jacob Burley and Rob ert Waring. The latter laid out the ground. These gentlemen became a body corporate Nov. 23, 1858, when the Court of Common Pleas of Blair County granted them a charter in conformity with the law regulating such bodies. Jacob Burley became the president of the association. Iu 1865, Mr. Holmes disposed of his interest in the real estate, and since that time an addition to the cemetery has been plotted by Robert Waring, which is yet his private property. In the fall of 1865 a private road was graded from the borough to the cemetery under the direction of a committee of citi zens consisting of J. H. Burley, J. D. Stewart, and H. Burket, giving easy access to the place. The first body interred was an infant son of James M. and Matilda Calderwood, Feb. 8, 1858, being removed to this place from another ground. The cemetery con tains several hundred graves, many of them marked by beautiful headstones or handsome monuments, and is, from its location, a conspicuous feature in the surroundings of Tyrone borough. CHAPTER XXV. TAYLOR TOWNSHIP. The township, of Taylor is situated on the southern border of the county, and was formed from Huston and North Woodberry in 1855, and until the erection of Blair County in 1846, comprised, portions of both Bedford and Huntingdon Counties? Its present boundaries are Blair and Frankstown townships on the north, Huston, Frankstown, and North Wood berry townships on the east, Bedford County on the south, and Greenfield, Freedom, and Blair townships on the west. It includes a portion of the famous and beautiful region known as the " Great Cove," and is drained by Plum and Halter Creeks and the stream which, hav ing Roaring Spring for its source, finally unites with Plum' Creek and flows northward through McKee's Gap. The mountains forming its western boundary are especially rich in iron ore, while the undulating surface of the township generally affords prosperous communities and fine farming lands. Including those domiciled at the villages of Roaring Spring, Sharpsburg, Rodman Furnace, and the Bloomfield Mines, it had 1137 inhabitants in 1860, 1368 in 1870, and 2011 in 1880. During the latter year, also, its taxables inhabitants numbered 457 ; value of all real estate, $379,830 ; aggregate amount of county tax as sessed, at the rate of eight mills on the dollar, $3293.69. The Morrison's Cove Branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad affords ample railway facilities for those residing and doing business at Rodman Furnace, Roaring Spring, and Bloomfield Mines, while excel lent wagon-roads lead in various directions. The small village of Sharpsburg" lies about two miles to the eastward of Roaring Spring, on a broad highway. leading from the latter village to the borough of Mar tinsburg, in North Woodberry township. Early Residents, etc. — When the Bedford County pioneers, chiefly Germans, pushed out their settle ments to the northward and westward during the years immediately succeeding the close of the French and Indian war of 1756-63, some of them located within the present limits of Taylor township. Thus we find that prior to 1775, Jacob Neff, the Dunkard miller (who is mentioned in the history of Roaring Spring village), the brothers Martin and Jacob Houser,1 Christian Hoover, and probably a few others were already here. After peace and quietness had been restored other families located in this part of the "Cove," and • 1 During the Revolutionary war,-probably in November, 1777, the In dians killed the father and a brother of Martin and Jacob Houser, and took away with them as prisoners Martin and one of his sisters. Jacob escaped on horseback to Hagerstown, Md., while the wife and mother of the family, who had succeeded in secreting herself, thus escaping death or capture, remained and took care of the cattle, etc., during the dreary winter which followed. This famUy then lived on the farm now owned by David Rice. ¦ 220 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. before the organization of Huntingdon County, in 1787, John Brumbach, Daniel Ellrich, Christopher Markle, Abraham Plummer, Jacob Plummer, Peter Hoover, who built the old log house near Jacob Shoenfelt's present residence nearly one hundred years ago, and Philip and Peter Stoner, who lived at the " Mineral Spring," were also counted as resi dents. After them, but before the year 1800, came Jacob Shoenfelt,1 Sr., John Ullery, the miller (Neff's successor at Roaring Spring), Edward Cowen, the Neterers, John Lower, Adam Lower, Frederick Hartle, John Morgan, and Tobias Shiffler, who operated a tannery prior to the year last mentioned. Among other early settlers were Frederick Estriken, Stoephel Franciscus, Samuel Hainley, Jacob and John Snowberger, and George Shiffler, a son-in-law of Jacob Shoenfelt, Sr. Civil Changes and Erection of Taylor Township. — Until 1842 the territory now embraced'by the town ship of Taylor was partly in Woodberry, Huntingdon Co., and partly in North Woodberry, Bedford Co. In that year, however, Woodberry township was di vided, and to the southern part was given the name of Huston. By the formation of Blair County in 1846 all portions of the present township became part of the new county, but the townships of North Wood berry and Huston remained intact until April sessions 1 The Shoenfelts (or Shanefelda,as the name was written a century ago) are of German origin, and their ancestors of that name were among the first settlers of Washington County, Md. ThiB is proven by the fact that Henry Shanefeld, the grandfather of the present Jacob Shoenfelt, of Taylor township, was born in Maryland. However, the latter was born near the banks of Antietam Creek, three miles distant from Ha gerstown, Md., Sept. 9, 1792. His father's name was Jacob also, and in 1795 he (Jacob, Sr.) removed with his family from Maryland to the locality now known as Sharpsburg, and settled upon premises for merly occupied by John Brombach. The tract contained four hundred acres, and it had been purchased of Brombach previously by Henry Shanefeld for his son Jacob. The latter had a family of two sons, viz., Jacob and John, and four daughters, all of whom are dead except Jacob, who was born, aB before mentioned, in 1792. Jacob Shoenfelt, Sr., completed the stone house in Sharpsburg in 1802, the log house adjoining it, still standing, having been erected by John Brombach about twenty years before. The venerable Jacob Shoenfelt, now ninety years of age, who never used glasses, and now reads fine print quite readily, still further informs us that at the time his father came here from Maryland and for some years after the only grist-mills in the "Cove" were those of John Snyder's at Pattonsville, and John Ullery's at Roaring Spring. An old log mill, however, stood where the Lower Maria Forge was afterwards built. A man named Tracy had owned it at an early day, afterwards one by the name of Stephens or Stephenson was its proprietor. Myers owned the Gap mill before George McKee bought it. At the same time, too, i.e., about 1800, there was not a store in Morrison's Cove. William Davis was the justice of the peace. The early teaching was all done in German ; indeed, Mr.Shoenfelt remarks that although he was a very good reader and writer in German, he was twenty years of age before he could count in English. The Dunkards and Lutherans were the only religious denominations. The former riiet for worship in their dwellings, the latter built an early church near Replogle's Mill, in Bed ford County. The German Reformed people came next, after them the Methodists. Christy Myers built the first house in Sharpsburg. The mountains surrounding this part of the " Cove" have been twice and in some places even thrice denuded of their forest growth for the purpose of making charcoal for iron furnaces, yet at this writing their rugged acclivities are Btill well hidden from view in midsummer by trees of respectable dimensions. of the Blair County Court of Quarter Sessions, 1854, when John Bennett, Alexander Knox, Jr., and Samuel Dean were appointed commissioners to inquire into the propriety of erecting a new township from parts of North Woodberry and Huston, to be called Morris,2 and to make report of their proceedings, together with their opinions of the same. The report of these com missioners was read at April sessions, 1855, and con firmed nisi. On the 30th day of July of the same year the report was again read and confirmed, and ordered to be placed on record as follows : " To the Honorable the Judges within named : "We, the subscribers, commissioners appointed in the within order of court to view, and if necessary for the inhabitants thereof to lay out a new township out of parts of North Woodberry and Huston town ships, did report to the said court our decision thereon at August term, 1854, and at January term, 1855. the said court having referred the same back to us to set forth more fully the boundaries of said new township with our decisions thereon, do report, That we have met according to notice put up at the polls of North Woodberry and Huston townships, at Spang's Mill, on the 20th day of April, 1855, and no person appearing before us opposed to said new townBhip, but a number advocated for it. We therefore concur in our former decision that the erection of a new township from parts of North Woodberry and Huston townships is neces sary for the inhabitants thereof, and we have, as in our former report, located a division line, commencing at the summit of the junction of the Loop Mountain with the Lock Mountain, at the township line of Franks- town township, a natural boundary, at a pine; thence on the division line of Huston and North Woodberry townships south two degrees west six hundred and forty perches to a black-oak in North Woodberry town ship, on the south Bide of the stone pike on Joseph Grabill's farm ; thence south eighteen degrees west four hundred aud twelve perches to stones; thence south twenty-six degrees west seven hundred and fifty perches to a post on the Bedford County lino, near Esquire Falkender's farm ; thence with Bedford County line north Bixty degrees west fourteen hundred and forty perches to stones, summit of Dunning's Mountain, a natural boundary, at the line of Greenfield township ; thence with the said line of Greenfield township and Juniata on the summit of said Dunning's Mountain five miles to McKee's Gap; thence on the summit of Short Mountain, a natural boundary adjoining Blair township, two miles, to its junction with Loop Mountain ; thence on the summit of Loop Moun tain, with its zigzag course, a natural boundary adjoining the town ship of Frankstown, five and a half miles to the place of beginning. " A plot or draft showing the division lines of the new township, and a full draft of the said two old townships are herewith annexed, as wit ness our hands this 20th day of April, A.n. 1855. "John Bennett, "Alexander Knox, Jr., " Samuel Dean, " Commiesionere." Residents in 1856.— The first assessment of the new township was made in 1856, and according to the roll then made the taxables were as follows : Samuel Albright, George Albright, Frederick Albright, Levi Albright, Louis Ake, Martin Aungst, Frank Ambower, John Brenneman, Adam Bratch, George Batman, Abraham Bowers, Michael Berry, John C. Biddle, Henry Bechtel, Barndollar & Everhart, William Barnard, Jacob Bulger, John Byers, Sr., George Biddle,3 John But ler, Emanuel Bollinger, David Butler, David Butler, Jr., George Bowers, Thomas Burns* William C. Bailey,6 Simon Breninger,8 John Benner,' Joseph Bartlebaugh, John Cowan, Jacob Conrad, Jacob Cowan, Edward Cowan, David Cowan, George Clough, George 2 At the request of the citizens of the new township the name was changed, by order of the court, July 30, 1855, to that of TATiofe. The school-house at Spang's Mill was fixed as the place for holding the first election in the township, L. Lowry Moore being appointed judge, and William C. Bayley and Michael Grabill, inspectors for said election. » Owner of a grist-mill. * Forgeman. <¦ Manager of furnace, etc. 'Foreman. 'Master-miner. TAYLOR TOWNSHIP. 221 L. Cowan, Samuel F. Cooper, John M. Cooper, Jacob P. Dick, Daniel Dick, Samuel Dick,* Henry Drolinger, Thomas Dasher, John Dough erty, J. Dougherty, J. W. Duncan,2 D. Deeder, D. Daniels, D. Dickey, Silas Dickey, John Earlenbaugh, Christian Emeigh, John Eachtel, Matthew Fichter, John Fitzsimmons, Johu Faulkner, Augustus Flaugh, Adam Flenner, Adam Foreman, Daniel Glass, Shem Gra bill, John Garber, Patrick Gardling, James Gardling, Peter Grove, John Grabill, Nicholas Gruber, Thomas Gallegar, Daniel Garber, James Gilliland, Daniel Genter, Joseph Gates, George Gates, Joseph Grabill, Michael Grabill, George \V. Gniw, Peter Gates, William Hayes, John Hammond, Anthony Herring, Henry Helsel, Jacob Hoover, George W. Hoover, Esq., William Hamilton, John Hanley, John Hoover, George Ham, Henry Hale, David Hanley, 'Benjamin Huston, T. Hayes, Levi Hoover, Christian Hanley, George Himes, Jacob Hartle, Elizabeth Hanley, Samuel Hanley, Jacob Hoover, John Holsinger, Daniel Hoover, John Hyle, John Kemp, James Kays, Adam Karp, John Lower, Henry Lower, Jacob Layman, John Layman, William Layman, David S. Longenecker, Christiana Lower, Jacob Lower, Joseph Lockrow, Hugh W. Moore, John Mock, Wil liam Marsden, John Marker, Andrew Martin, David D. Morgan, John Martin, Jacob L. Martin, Charles Moore, David Martin, Solo mon Marker, Martin Myers, Andrew D. Morgan, Lowry L. Moore, Samuel Myers, William Mcllnay, Martin Myers, Christian Markey, G. Manning, Pollard McCormick,3 D. G. McCormick, M. Mnmert, J. Neterer, L. Neterer, D. Niesbaum,4 H. Niswanger, H. Otto, J. Peck, John Pressel, Thomas Ritts, Abraham Bock, Valentine Kough, L. Boss, Casper Boss, Andrew Bough, Adam Bough, David Kice, Cas per Beacy, Michael Beacy, Jacob Rhodes, R. Replogle, John Keech er, Kephart Ross, David Snively, Henry Shoenfelt, John Snowberger, George Stouffer, Joseph Shoenfelt, George G. Shiffler, Samuel R. Shiffler, Nicholas Strayer, Joseph Strayer, John Strayer, Simon Sohn, Daniel Shiffler, Bobert Stroup, Joseph Sherk, William Shif fler, Abraham Shiffler, Frederick Snowberger, John M. Snowberger, Bernard Stroup, David Stroup, John Skyles, Jacob Shiffler, Samuel Shiffler, George B. Spang's heirs,* Sarah Spang (widow), Josepli Sim- merly, Jacob Shoenfelt, John Smith, Andrew Smith, Jacob Snowber ger, John Spade, Henry Spade, John Shad, John Shoenfelt, Peter Stern, Samuel Strayer, Harry Treese, Samuel Treese, Robert Todd, John Tate, Edward Tate, David Treese, George Tipton, William Winebrenner, Samnel Walter, Adam Welch, Samuel Wisler, John Waggoner, B. B. Willitt, George B. Young, Peter Yingling, Jacob Young. Single Freemen. — Samuel Butler, John K. Bowers, John Bechtel, David Dick, Jacob Dick, Charles Emeigh, Joseph Garber, John Gardling, William Gardling, James Hayes, Edward Hughes;, Daniel Ham, John Ham, Peter Hartle, John Hartle, John Hyle, Christian Mar tin, Samuel Neterer, John Bitts, John Rice, Jacob B. Stoner, Jacob B. Snowberger, Peter Stroup, Job M. Spang, James Spang, Samuel Spern, Joseph Streecher, H. Treese, Joseph Wesler, John Wesley. Township Officers.— The following are some of the principal township officers elected annually during the years from 1856 to 1881, inclusive : 1856.— John C. Buddie, asBessor ; Jacob Shoenfelt, William Mclnna, su pervisors; William Shiffler, Jacob Snowberger, John Earlenbaugh, Adam Flenner, school directors; Johu Lower, John C. Biddle, John M. Hammond, auditors; Jacob Snowberger, Jr., clerk. 1857.— Samuel R. Shiffler, constable; no record of other officers. 1858,— John C. Biddle, assessor; Jacob P. Duck, Abraham Shiffler, su pervisors: Peter Stern, Jacob Young, school directors; Samuel Shif fler, John Skyles, auditors. 1859.— John C. Biddle, assessor; John Lower, John Smith, supervisors; William Shiffler, John Brennaman, L. L. Moore, John Earlenbaugh, school directors; George L. Cowen, auditor. I860.— John C. Biddle, assessor; John Lower, David Rice, supervisors; o John Kemp, John C. Biddle, school directors ; Jacob 0. Emeigh, auditor. 1 Owned a saw-mill. a An iron-master, who. owned several hundred acres of land, 2 forges, 1 saw-mill, 17 horses, 12 mules, etc., all valued at 831,289. » Owned a forge, grist-mill, and Beveral hundred acres of land, the assessed value for the same being $18,838. * Owned grist- and saw-mills. 1861. — John 0. Biddle, assessor; John Lower, Christian Hainly, super visors;. John Earlenbaugh, Henry 0. Lower, Bchool directors; George M. Shoenfelt, auditor. 1862. — John 0. Biddle, assessor; John Lower, Shem Grabill, super visors ; William Shiffler, Bazil Daniels, Jacob Layman, Bohool di rectors; George B. Young, auditor. 1863. — Davfd S. Longenecker, assessor; Andrew Earlenbaugh, Nicholas Gruber, supervisors; Joseph Hutchison, Jacob Layman, school di rectors; John Lower, auditor. 1864. — John C. Biddle, assessor ; Levi Biddle, Jacob Young, supervisors ; David S. Longenecker, D.S. Hoover, John Earlenbaugh, school di rectors; Daniel S. Hoover, auditor. 1865. — D. S. Longenecker, assessor; D. Bice, John Lower, supervisors; D. M- Bare, Henry Walter, school directors ; D. B. Rice, auditor. 1866. — W. Shiffler, assessor; Christian Hanley, Andrew Stern, super visors; George W. Hoover, Joseph Hutchison, Jacob Young, school directors; George M. Shoenfelt, auditor. 1867. — D. S. Longenecker, assessor; S. Myers, 0. Hanley, supervisors; W. Shiffler, C. Holsinger, school directors; Thomas Donnelly, au ditor. 1868.— D. S. Longenecker, assessor; John Lower, Christian Hanley, supervisors; Adam Rough, David Replogle, school directors; John B. Bice, auditor. 1869 (February).— John B. Rice, assessor ; John Lower, C. Hanley, su pervisors; James Detrick, Jacob L. Martin, school directors; B. S. Hoover, John B, Skyles, auditors. 1869 (October).— Henry Shoenfelt, Jacob Young, supervisors; John Earlenbaugh, William Shiffler, school directors ; George W. Hoover, auditor. 1870. — John B. Rice, assessor; H. Shoenfelt, George Erb, supervisors; P.. M. Replogle, B. J. Daniels, schopl directors; John Dougherty, auditor. 1872 (February).— John B. Bice, assessor; Christian Hanley, Jonas Sny der, supervisors; John Lower, James S. Bowser, school directors; Eli Smith, auditor. 1873. — John B. Rice, assessor; 0. Hanley, Jonathan Snyder, supervisors ; J. M. Hite, John Earlenbaugh, school directors ; Henry Young, auditor. 1874.— Henry Toung, assessor; Charles Smaltz, George Albright, super visors; David M. Beplpgle, Adam Rough, school directors; Eli Smith, auditor. 1875. — John B. Rice, assessor; Charles Smaltz, Andrew Earlenbaugh, supervisors ; Jacob Biddle, J. D. Sullivan, Eli Smith, school directors ; D. B, Bice, auditor. 1876. — Peter B.Sterne, assessor; Charles Smaltz, David Wogan, super visors; B. J. Daniels, Michael Kauffman, school directors; E. L. Kagarice, auditor. 1877. — David Wogan, Charles Smaltz, supervisors; Enoch Harpster, Henry Walter, Dr. A. S. Stayer, school directors; D. M. Replogle, auditor. 1878. — John E. Lower, assessor ; John M. Snowberger, Daniel Hite, supervisors; Dr. A. S. Stayer, CharleB Martin, school directors; David B. Bice, auditor. 1879. — John E. Lower, assessor; John M. Snowberger, Daniel M. Hite., supervisors; Michael Kauffman, school director; Eli Kagarice, auditor. 1880, — John E. Lower, assessor; Daniel Hite, John Marker, supervisors; Rudolph S. Hoover, Samuel Umbower, school directors; John B. Bice, auditor. 1881. — Henry C. Lower, judge of elections; William Vanalman, James Dun", inspectors; John E. L,ower, assessor; B. W. Slick, Daniel Hite, supervisors ; B. J. Daniels, constable; Robert Taylor, Henry C. Lorenz, school directors; David B. Rice, auditor; William T. Kyle, township clerk. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. 1858, Jacob L. Martin; 1860, George L. Cowen; 1863, JacobL. Martin; 1865, Rudolph S. Hoover; 1868, George W. Hoover; 1870, Rudolph S. Hoover; 1873, John Earlenbaugh; 1875, James Deatrick; 1877, Eli Smith ; 1880, D. S. Brumbaugh. Iron Manufacturing. — With vast quantities o| iron ore of a superior quality lying near by, an abun dance of material for charcoal, and a never-failing stream from which to derive motive-power, it is no wonder that Dr. Peter Shoenberger, the experienced- 222 HISTORY OP BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. and most successful iron-master the State has yet pro duced, turned his attention hitherward at an early day and began the erection of forges, grist-mills, etc. From the best information obtainable it appears that Dr. Shoenberger built the Upper Maria Forge about the year 1828, the Middle Maria Forge in 1830, and the Lower Maria Forge in 1832. These forges -were for many years operated successfully in conjunc tion with the mines at Ore Hill and Sarah Furnace, in Greenfield township?' They (the forges), as well as the furnace mentioned, have since disappeared from view. The Rodman Furnace stands near the site of the Middle Maria Forge. It was built in ninety days in the year 1862, by Rickettson (Charles W.) & Knapp, for the manufacture of iron to be used in the construc tion of Rodman guns. When first put in blast it produced about thirty-five tons of charcoal pig-iron per week. Its capacity was enlarged about 1870 though, and now, while furnishing employment to seventy-five men, it produces with coke six hundred and twenty-five tons of metal per month. The prop erty is owned by the heirs of John W. Duncan, and operated by the Blair Iron and Coal Company, through J. K. McLanahan, lessee. Col. Alexander Bobb, son of Frederick F. Bobb, was born in Hanover township, York Co., Pa., March 28, 1823. His father was a dyer in Wurtemberg, Germany, and emigrated to America in 1818. He died somewhere about 1855. When Alexander was sixteen years old he learned the moulding trade. In February, 1847, he married Miss Matilda C, daughter of Jacob. Mattern, of Hunt ingdon County, Pa. They have had four children, — William M., James S., George E., and Alexander; the two latter were twins, and died in infancy, the others are now living. Mr. Bobb worked as a jour neyman at the moulding business for a number of years, at the Martinsburg Foundry and many other places ; had charge of the foundry at Hopewell, Bedford Co., Pa., for some time as foreman. At the beginning of the late war there was a company of vol unteers taken from Martinsburg to Harrisburg, and being dissatisfied with their captain, refused to be mustered in under him. They telegraphed twice to Mr. Bobb, asking him to take charge of them, and on his refusing the company threatened to disband and return home. Reconsidering the matter, he consulted his wife, who consented out of pure patriotism, and he went and took charge of and mustered them in. They at once went into active service under Gen. Patterson, of Philadelphia, and at the end of three months were discharged. Capt. Bobb returned home, began recruiting, and soon raised a company for the nine months' service. In a few weeks started again to the front as captain ; was.with the company in the battles of Antietam and Fredericksburg. On Dec. 13, 1862, he took command of the right wing of the One Hun dred and Thirty-third Pennsylvania. So terrific was » that battle, the dead were piled up as a breastwork, holding their position until nightfall, when they were ordered by the division commander to fall back. He with the regiment was engaged in the battle of Chan cellorsville in May, 1863. At the expiration of their term of enlistment he returned home. In a few weeks Capt. Bobb raised another company. He was commis sioned as major by Governor Curtin, and started into the Army of the James, under Gen. Butler, and their engagements were as follows : Fort Steadman, March 25, 1865. On the 2d of April took the breastworks at Petersburg, Va., and for gallant conduct on that day Maj. Bobb was brevetted lieutenant-colonel. The war over, Col. Bobb returned to Hopewell, and went in partnership with C. W. Ashcome in the foundry, where he remained a year, then bought a half-in terest in the foundry at Martinsburg. In three years he sold out and built the foundry at Roaring Spring. Two years afterwards it burned down, and in 1875 he rebuilt it, and he is still carrying on the business there. In the fall of 1873, Col. Bobb was elected sheriff of Blair County, and served with great credit for three years. He has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church for forty years, and has held all the positions except to preach. Col. Bobb and wife are living in Martinsburg, while he carries on his business in Roaring Spring. Roaring Spring.— This thriving village is located on the line of the Morrison's Cove Branch1 of the Pennsylvania Railroad, at the junction of the Bloom field Branch of the same road. It has a population of six hundred and fifty inhabitants, and derives its name from the beautiful spring within its limits. ' This spring sends forth large volumes of the most pure, cool, limestone water, and its surroundings, shaded with a luxuriant forest growth, are very en chanting. At its head is a basin, or miniature reser voir, well filled with those famed speckled beauties, brook or mountain trout, while but a short distance below stand extensive grist- and paper-mills, whose wheels are merrily turned every working-day in the year by the surplus flow of this truly grand and won derful natural fountain. Many years ago the water made its appearance at a point some few yards higher up on the hillside, and as it then leaped and flowed rapidly over its rocky- bed a sonorous sound was produced, which, during the stillness of the pioneer days, could be heard a mile or more away. Hence the name of the Roaring Spring from time immemorial ; but the artificial im provements since made; whether for a purpose or not, have had the effect of destroying this olden-time gurgling sound, and, as some claim, to decrease the •flow of water, and now naught is heard at its foun tain-head but the squeak of a ricketty old water- 1 The railroad was completed through to Henrietta in the fall 0f 1871 and from Roaring Spring Station to Ore. Hill in 1872. «Ci^ >;--s, -^ fin WOODBERRY TOWNSHIP. 239 several thousands of acres of mountain lands, and is as well a large holder of farming lands. The average number of employes at Mr. Royer's works has been and is about ninety. Among these people are many who have been in Mr. Royer's employ a lifetime, some, indeed, who were born at the forge, brought up there to the business, and to-day, as gray-haired men, still serve the master they served when they were boys. Such recitals are not common, but they have a flavor of humanity about them that tells in a fervent way of how master and men may become, through lifelong association, something like members of a family, and look with softened eye upon relations that have within them something of sentiment as well as matter of fact. That Mr. Royer has been a kind master and a faithful friend to those under him, this story gives abundant and convincing evidence. That he has a warm place in the hearts of his lifelong servitors, and that he has deserved it, they themselves can bear the best testimony. Life contains many satisfying influ ences, and brings to human hearts a great deal that cheers and sustains at the end, but it does not often permit a more gratifying or more wholesome memo rial than has been fashioned and framed by the one of whom this narrative has been written. It is a worthy record of a worthy man. Mr. Royer has never married. His life has been a moderately quiet and uneventful one. Save for occa sional periods of travel to the East and West, he has for seventy years "pursued the even tenor of his way" amid the peaceful precincts of Woodberry township, at the forge that has known his familiar guidance through nearly all that space. Public life has had no charms for him, political turmoil no se ductive influence. His great honor and his chief triumphs have been won in the character of a private citizen. According to the report rendered to the State Sec retary of Internal Affairs by County Commissioners Halfpenny, Confer, and Mcintosh, June 1, 1880, the township then contained 403 taxables. The value of all real estate was $421,965. The Early Settlers, etc.— It is very probable that the small scope of territory now known as the town ship of Woodberry possessed no bona fide settlers earlier than the year 1765. The peace and quietness existing from the close of the " old French and Indian war," in 1763, to the beginning of the Revolutionary war, in 1775, doubtless encouraged people to settle here as well as in adjoining neighborhoods ; but just who those hardy men were, whence they came, and exactly where they settled, it is now impossible, except in a few instances, to determine. It is well authenticated, however, that in the terri tory embraced by the township of Woodberry a con siderable number of families had settled prior to the Revolution, and during the terrible years which fol lowed they endured all the sufferings and terrors inci dent to life on the borders during a war with savages. In 1788, five years after the close of the first war with Great Britain, and one year after the organiza tion of Huntingdon County, more than fifty families were domiciled in the region above described. They were Henry Boren, David Boyer, John Boren, Benja min Beal, Peter Bowers, who lived on the creek one mile above Springfield Furnace, John Berry, Conrad Brumbaugh, Jacob Brumbaugh, the owner of a saw mill, Harmonus Clapper, Jacob Clapper, John Clap per, Henry Clapper, Edmond Cullins, David Cough enour, Joseph Chapman, who owned one negro slave and a grist-mill, Rezin Davis, Isaac Hutson, Freder ick Herron, who lived on Clover Creek and was after wards part owner of a grist- and saw-mill, Martin Houser, Jacob Houser, Christian ' Hoover, Thomas Johnston, Philip Metzker, Christopher Markle, Henry Painter, Abraham Plummer, Daniel Powell, who lived above and near the locality now known as Springfield Furnace, Peter Prough, William Phillips, known as "Capt. Phillips," of whom more will -be said in fol lowing pages, William Phillips, Jr., Margaret Porter, Samuel Prawley, Peter Rench, Jacob Rhodes, Paul Rhodes, Jacob Smith, Jr., the latter three living in what is now known as Huston township, Michael Shipley, Philip Server, John Scholes, Jacob Server, Sr., James Spencer, who lived on the premises now occupied by Obenour in Huston township, Henry Shaner, John Shirley and William Shirley, who lived in the territory now termed Huston township, George Shane, Christopher Shrom, who resided on Piney Creek, now Huston township, John Stull, Jacob Smith, Sr., Huston township, Benjamin Tu dor, Daniel Ulrick, Christian Wineland, Peter Wine land, Philip Walker, Henry Wissour, who lived on the premises now owned by the Acker family in Huston township, Ludwig Wysinger, and Nicholas Warner. There were besides nine single freemen, hereinafter mentioned, of whom one Daniel Stull owned a distillery of sixty gallons capacity. Capt. William Phillips' residence was some two or three miles above the present village of Williamsburg, on the premises (says Jeremiah Yerger) since known as the Christian Snively place; and here the inhabit ants of the lower end of the cove and along Clover Creek forted during alarms caused by Indian forays from 1777 to the close of the Revolutionary war, Capt. Phillips' house being turned into a temporary fortress. The captain was a man of influence in this part of what was then Bedford County, a skillful and brave woodman, and in the year 1780 was commissioned a captain of Pennsylvania volunteers, with authority to recruit a company of men to assist in protecting the frontier from Indian depredations. He was un fortunate, however, for in July of that year, in at tempting to afford protection to the farmers in Wood cock Valley and the cove, to the end that they might harvest their grain, his entire command, except him self and his son Elijah, was massacred. 240 HISTOKY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Said Mr. U. J. Jones, in speaking of this affair, — "Woodcook Valley was the scene of the massacre of Capt. Phillips' scout, — one of the most cruel and cold-blooded murdere on record, a massacre which hurried into eternity ten as brave men as ever ranged the woods of the Juniata Valley. The following is Col. Piper's official report of the massacre to President Reed : "'The entire force consisted of Capt. Phillips, his son Elijah, aged fourteen years, Philip Skelly, Hugh Skelly, P. Sanders, T. Sanders, Richard Shirley, M. Davis, Thomas Gaitrell, Daniel Kelly, and two other men whose names are no longer remembered. After partaking of their supper they all stretched themselves out on the floor and slept soundly until morning. " Phillips, in consequence of his rank, was taken prisoner, as at that time officers brought to the British garrison commanded an excellent price. Himself and son were taken to Detroit, and from thence to Mon treal, and did not reach their home until peace was declared. "Some of the friends of the persons massacred were disposed to find fault with Capt. Phillips, especially as the massacre was so general and yet he and his son had escaped. Of course, Phillips not being present to defend himself, the talk was so much on one side that some went so far as to stigmatize him as a traitor and a coward. On his return he gave the true version of the affair ; and it must be admitted by all that, under the circumstances, he did all that a brave officer could do to save tbe lives of his men. Their fate weighed heavily on his mind for the balance of his life, and in the thought of their untimely end he forgot all the suffering and privations he endured while a prisoner in the camp of the enemy." Many other incidents connected with the early years could be recounted, but we refrain from doing so, else we should be carried beyond the space as signed to old Woodberry. However the reader can learn who the. early residents of Woodberry, Huston, and part of Taylor townships were, and also form a very good idea of their manufactories, etc., by scan ning the following lists of taxables for the years 1788, 1800, 1810, 1820, and 1830. True, errors in spelling family names may be found in these lists, as well as those grouped in the histories of other townships, all compiled by the same person, but it must be borne in mind that they were copied verbatim from original papers, and have been corrected as far as possible. LIST OF TAXABLES, ETC., 1788. (The First Assessment as of Huntingdon County.) Acres, Boren, Henry 185 Boyer, David Boren, Juhn Beal, Benjamin 100 Bowers, Peter 100 Berry, John 200 Brumbaugh, Conrad 250 Brumbaugh, Jacob (a saw mill) 337 Clapper, Uarmonus 20 Clapper, Jacob Clapper, John 100 Clapper, Heory 150 Coughenour, David Chapman, Joseph (a negro Blave, a grist-mill) 200 Cullins, Edmund 100 Davis, Kezin 100 Hutson, Isaac 60 Herrou, Frederick 100 Houser, Martin 200 Houser, Jacob 100 Hoover, Christian 150 Johnston, Thomas 2U0 Metzker, Philip 200 Markle, Christopher 140 Painter, Henry 100 Plummer, Abraham 250 Powell, Daniel 150 Acres, Prough, Peter. Phillips, William 400 Phillips, William, Jr 100 Porter, Margaret 100 600 Prawley, Samuel Rench, Peter Rhudes, Jacob.... Rhodes, Paul , Smith, Jacob, Jr. Shipley, Michael Server, Philip Scholes, Johu 60 Server, Jacob, Sr 289 Spencer, James 200 Shaner, Henry Shirley, John 70 Shirley, William 150 Shane, George 60 Shrom, Christopher 100 Stull, John. 150 Smith, Jacob, Sr 150 Tudor, Benjamin 30 Ulrick, Daniel 150 Wineland, Christian Wineland, Peter 240 Walker, Philip 200 Wesour (or Wissour), Henry 130 Weaiuger, Lodewick Warner, Nicholas 100 Single Freemen. — William Brumbaugh, John Brumbaugh, John Doyle, Michael Fogel, John Houdurf, Nicholas Stull, Daniel Stull (owned a still of 60 gallons), Jacob Server, Jr. (289 acres), Christley Wineland. Ownersof Unseated Lands, 1788.— Peter Albaugh, Jacob Brumbaugh, Wi - Ham Ball, William Barrick, Michael Cryder,1 John Canan, Benjamin Elliott, Elizabeth Gamble, Jacob Hoover, Jacob Neff (the fighting Dunkard miller), Thomas Porter (the first owner of the Cove Forge tract, which he purchased in 1768), Philip Stoner, William Smith, John Swift, David Stewart, Daniel Ulrick, Thomas Vickroy, Isaac Worrell, William Watson. THE RESIDENT TAXABLES OF 1800. Christian Acker, Leonard Acker, John Acker, Adam Albaugh, Zacha riah Albaugh, Jacob Ake, John Ake,2Philip Aller, William Bailey, George Brumbaugh, Jacob Brumbaugh, Agnes Berry, Henry Baugher, John Brumbaugh, Andrew Buzzard, Andrew Biddle, John Biddle, Anthony Beaver, John Bevard, David Byer, Jacob Bums, John Brumbaugh, Conrad Brumbaugh, Andrew Bell, John 'Black, John Coon, John Cromer, Emanuel Clapper, Lodwick Clapper, Har mon Clapper, John Clapper, Daniel Clapper, Henry Clapper, Jacob Clapper, David Coughenour, Robert Croan, Comfort & Love, Chris tian Comfort, Abraham Ditch,3 Patrick Diamond, Casper Dilliuger,* Henry Earlenbaugh, John Eager, John Everhart, George Everhart, Michael Fink, Abraham Flakenstaffer, David Flake nstaffer, Michael Fogle, Nicholas Fouse, Stuffle Fifer,5 Peter Henry, Jacob Hoover, Wm Hardy, John Hutson, Matthew Hutson, Richard Hutson, Chris tian Hoover (C. C), Christian Hoover (P. C.),6 Frederick Herron,' Adam Hoover,8 Peter Hoover, Henry Holdenhower, Abraham Holm, Jacob Hull, Saml. Hoover, Michael Irons, Adam Lower, Jas. Luper, Abraham Longenecker, James Love, Barnabas Miller, John Miller, Philip Metzker, Abraham Miller, John Motes, Samuel Mobley, Ephraim Markley,9 Arthur and William Moore, John Metzker, Es ther Markley, Lazarus B. McLain, John Motherbaugh, William Mobley, John Morgan, William NeBbitt,10 Harmon Obenour, Christy Owrey, Catharine Powell, Nicholas Parr, Henry Painter, Peter Puterbaugh, Jr., Thomas Porter, Paul Rhodes, Jacob Rhodes, Chris tian Rhodes, Daniel Riplogle, Adam Riplogle, Jacob Rodkey, Elias Rodkey,11 John Reerigh, Margaret Slippey, Nancy Stripe, Jacob Snively," John Scholes, Philip Smith, Jacob Smith (0. C), James Spencer, Jacob Sheets, Emanuel Sipes, Jacob Smith (P. C), Adam SorrichWTobiasShifrer.WMichaelSellersjStuffleShrum.wjohnSohn, George Smith, John Smith, Abraham Stanley, Christy Shockey, John Smith (preacher), Richard Scholes, Henry Solliday, Susannah Wal ker, Henry Wissour, Ambrose Wilcox, Jacob Willhelm, Paul Yerger,1* Margaret Terger, Jacob Zantz. *The Cryders had a grist-mill at Big Spring, in the vicinity of Hunt ingdon in 1777. The family consisted of a father, mother, aud seven sons. Their mill served for the people at Standing Stone and the surrounding country. They were all men suitable for the times, rugged and daring. A majority of them were constantly in service during the war of the Revolution, either as frontiersmen, scouts, or fort-guards. Michael Cry der, the father, used to spend his days at his mill and his nights at the fort at Standing Stone during the troublesome times, and it was him self and five of his sons who accomplished the then' extraordinary achievement of running the first ark-load of flour down the Juniata River. 2 Owned one-third of a grist- and saw-mill. 3 Owned grist- and saw-mill. * Owned saw-mill. 6 Owned saw-mill. 6 Owned an oil-mill. * Owned two-thirds of a grist- and saw-mill. 8 Owned one distillery. 9 Removed to the State of Ohio in 1819. lf> Tavern-keeper. n Tavern-keeper. 12 Then the owner of the premises formerly owned by Capt. William Phillips. 18 Owned a grist-mill^ i* Proprietor of a tannery. 16 Stvjfle, or Stoephel, which is the German for Christopher. 18 Paul Terger settled in the township on the Macainey place in 1791. Margaret was his wife. He, as well as his brothers Adam and Jacob, Berved in the American army duiing the Revolutionary struggle. His father, Andrew Terger, emigrated from Prussia to America in 1728, and settled five miles north of Pottsgrove, Montgomery Co., Pa. Andrew was the father of a family of nine sons and two daughter*, of whom Philip (the father of Jeremiah Terger, at present a resident of Wood berry township) was the youngest son. Jeremiah Terger was born at Pottsgrove, Pa., in the year 1797. The following year his father with his family removed to Chester County, Pa., where Jeremiah remained until the fall of 1814, when he came to Woodberry, settled here, aud has been known as a resident ever since. WOODBERRY TOWNSHIP. 241 Single Freemen.— James Scholes, John Terger, son of Paul, Christian Acker, Henry Acker, William Spencer, Henry Smith, Rodkey Daniels, Daniel Powell, Denton Mobley, George Hardy, Jacob Buz zard, Stuftle Fifer, Hervey Clapper, Henry Crlse, and William Scholes. William Nesbitt was assessor; Andrew Bell and Lazarus B. McLain, assistant assessors ; Henry Wis sour and Christian Khodes, collectors. THE RESIDENT TAXABLES OF 1810. Zachariah Albaugh, Adam Anthony, Jacob Ake, John Barron,1 John Barr,2 Aaron Born, Jacob Born, Aaron V. Born, John Bevard, John Bridges, John Biddle, Jacob Brumbaugh, George Brumbaugh, Andrew Biddle, Jacob Bulger, John W. B. Brumbaugh, William Bailey, William Bailey, Jr., Jacob Benner, Peter Bowers, George Berringer, Robert Croan, Christian Coble, John Clopper (C. C), Felty Cutshall, John Cox, John Caphard, John Cramer, Ludwick Clapper, Henry Conrad, John Cromer, Jacob Clapper, George Clap per, Mantis Clapper, John Carroll, Herman Van DuiBtun, Samuel Derush, John Dougal, Abraham Ditch,8 Caspar Dillinger, John Daily, David Davis, Jacob Deitz, Joseph Everhart, George Everhart, Abraham Eversoll, Charles Eichholtz, John Eichholtz, Frederick Estricken, George Fought, Nicholas Fouse, Jacob Flummer, Michael Fore, Stophel Franciscus, John Fisher, Aquilla Green, Henry Glass, George Glass, Peter Glass, Peter Glass, Jr., Jacob Hough,4 Richard Hutson,6 J. Hutson, Wash. Harris,0 Abraham Hollem,7 T. Hanliue, Christian Hoover (C. C), Samuel Hoover, John Hoover, Frederick Hoover, William Hoover, Jonathan Hoover, Martin Hoover, Chris tian Hoover s (P. C), Jacob Hoover, Samuel Hainley, Henry Holden- houser, George Herron, David Hanline, Michael Irons, Dr. George Kneophler, Aaron Layton, Adam Lower, James Love, John Long, George Lower, Godfret Lantzer, Abraham Longnecker, Moses Mc- Elvain, William McGimsey, Peter Metz, Frederick Miller," John Miller, Denton Mobley, Samuel Mobley, William Moore, Abraham Miller, Jacob Metzger,10 John Morgan, Andrew Metzger, Hugh McKillip,11 Ephraim Markley, Jr., John Mothersbaugh, Lazarus B. McLain, George Nagle, Herman Obenour, John Ocker,1- Christian Ocker, Henry Ocker, Adam Ocker,18 Leonard Ocker, Jacob Ocker, Henry Powell, Peter Prough, Catherine Powell, Daniel Powell, Peter Puterbaugh, John Powell,. Joseph Pulerbaugh, John Plum mer, Jacob Rhodes, Jacob Rodkey, Abraham Rhodes, Samuel Rhodes (P. C), Christian Rhodes, Paul Rhodes, Daniel Rhodes, Sam uel Rhodes (C. C), Andrew Sheese, Christian Sleighty, Jeremiah Scaiinal, Jacob Spealman, Matthew Smith, John Smith, Jobn Shoen felt, Jacob Smith (C. C), George Smith (C. C), Adam Smith, John Sohn, Abraham Stanley, Jacob Snively, Adam Sorrick,14 James Speucer, Heury Sheatz, Zachariah Spencer, Philip Smith, Stophel Shrom, Abraham Simmerman,is Henry Smith, Jacob Snowbarger, Adam Strieker, Johu Snowbarger, Henry Solliday, Jacob Smith (P. C), Simeon Spitler, Adam Shock, Jacob Serice, Peter Stoner, Abra ham Winters,16 Henry Wissour, Jacob Wilhelm, Dauiel Wiltrout, John Terger, Paul Terger, John Toung, William Toung, Henry Yerger, Margaret Terger. Single Freemen.— John Hoover, Jacob Yerger, Henry Terger, John Clap per, Jacob Clapper, Abraham Plummer, Henry Mennert, Henry Rothey, William Spear, John Barr, August Miller, Ephraim Leeper, Henry Forman, David Boyd, Robert Province, Abraham Miller, Jr., John Rodkey, Christley Snively, George Smith, George Dillinger. Lazarus B. McLain was the assessor, and in con cluding his report said that there were 20,675 acres of i Owned a distillery. 2 Owned a grist- and saw-mill. 8 Owi.ed griBt- aud Baw-mills. * Owned a distillery. * Owned a Baw-mill. e Owned a tannery in Williamsburg. 1 Owned a tannery, now owned by Samuel Royer. 8 Owned one oil-mtll. 9 0wued a ^w-mill. w Owned a saw-mill. u Owned a grist- and saw-mill. 12 Doubtless intended for Acker. 18 Owned a distillery. 14 Owned a saw-mill. w Probably intended for Zimmerman. » Owned a distillery in Williamsburg. resident lands, 224 horses, 307 cows, 34 houses and lots in the village of Williamsburg, 2 tanneries, 4 dis tilleries, 3 grist-mills, 7 saw-mills, 1 oil-mill, and 9285 acres of unsettled lands; total valuation of property assessed in the township, $81,188. THE TAXABLES OF 1820. Jacob Ake, Richard Allender, David Ake, Andrew Adam,1? Sigler Asher, Deck Abraham, John Ake, Jacob Addlebluth, George Allen, John Black, Aaron Burns, Daniel Bard, John Barton, John Brumbaugh, John Bualer, Sr., John Brotherlin, John Bare, Michael Basler, Jacob Basler, William Boterbaugh, Peter Boterbaugh, George Black, Peter Bowers, Jacob Brumbaugh, John Bowers, George Brininger, Wil liam Boterbaugh, George Bishop, .Joseph Boterbaugh, David Boyer, George Bittle, Peter Bittle, Abraham Bolghyard, George C. Brum baugh,18 John Brumbaugh, George Brumbaugh, John Bittel, Henry Beaver, John Barber, Philip Benner, John Bug ley, James Blake, Samuel Blake, James Bigham, Tobias Cuff, Robert Campbell, Frederick Campbell, David Crawford, Alexander Cloason, Murphy Charles, Lodwick Clapper, Henry Clapper, John Cromer, Isaac Cromer, Adam Contner, Margaret Cemmerliue, Felty Cutshall, H. Conrad, G. Clapper, Eathan Chilcoat,19 G. Clapper, Jr., C. Dillin ger,^ C. Dillinger, J. Davis, G. DaviB, R. Drury, H. Daily, S. Derush, Jacob Doughabaugh, Jacob Deitz,21 Jacob Duck, Abraham Ditch, Abraham Deck, Charles Eicholts, George Emery, Daniel Eshelman, Joseph Everhard, Andrew Erlenbaugh, William Entriken, Joseph Fay, Jr., John Fields, Samuel Fluck, Jacob Farnwalt, Martin Fick- ler, Jacob Flicker, Nicholas Fouse, Nicholas Foy, George Fay, Jo seph Fay, Sr., George Fought, William Fouse, Davis Gibbony,22 David Garland, James Gold, Michael Gray bill, James Gray, Adam Getring, John Gates, Christian Hewit,23 John Hagons, Nicholas Hetrick, Simon Hagons, Uhrisley Hoover, John Hildebrand, John Hutchin son, George Hughes, Jacob Hoover, Daniel Ham, Joseph Harland, Samuel Haiuley, Christian Hoover,24 David Hoover, Adam Hoover, Barclay Hoover, Tobias Hainley, Jonas Hainley, Michael Hainley, Samuel Hoover, John Hoover, Frederick Hoover, David Jones, Michael Jones, William Johnston, John Mason Kneedles, John Kneedles, George Keisey, John Keith, Conrad Keptiard, Martin Kase, Dr. George Kneophler, Benjamin Kenuard, Frederick Kauf man, Godfrey Lanser, Daniel Lower, John Lower, Adam Lower, G. Lower, D. Langenecker, D. Law, A. Law, R. Love, Jacob Lower, John Martin,25 Ephraim Markley, Frederick Mennert,26 John Mc Cauley, Denton Mobley, Christian Mount, Thomas McCoy, John Miller, Peter Miller, Patrick McGarvey, Patrick McGarvey, Jr., George Merritt, Dennis McGarvey, John Merritt, James Maston, James Morgan, Johu Medsker, JameB Martin, Peter Metz, John Mc Allister, William McGempcey, James Mountain, Abraham Moyer, William McGraw, John Norris, Christian Ocker, Henry Ocker, Leonard Ocker, John Ocker, George Pottsgrove, Elizabeth Province, Jasper Perkins, John Paulus (P. C), Heury Paul us, Britton Pierce, William Potter,2? John Paulus, Samuel Royer, John Royer,28 Daniel & John Royer,29 John Rodkey, Michael Rhodes,80 James Riddle, Philip Rhodes, William RhodeB, Samuel Rhodes, Elizabeth Roope, Samuel Rhodes, Abraham Rhodes, Christian Rhodes,81 Paulus Rhodes, Daniel Rhodes, Michael Retz, Jacob Royer,82 Walter Rose, Joseph Reed, Jacob Rodkey, Jr., Jacob Rodkey, Sr., Thomas Reese, Philip Roller, Joseph Roller.88 George Snively,34 Christian Sparr,86 Adam Smith, George Schmucker, John Shaw, Peter Shell, Jacob Shingler, George Shell, Andrew SteveuB, Jno. Smith,86 Abm. Stone, 18 Owned one grist-mill. 20 Owned saw-mill. w Owned one distillery. 19 Owned a tannery. 21 Owned a distillery. 22 Owned saw-, grist-, and fulling-mill. 23 Owned one-half of a brow-house. ** Owned an oil-mill. 25 Owned one distillery and one slave ; was also inn-keeper at Williams burg. 2& Owned grist- and saw-mill. -7 Owned a saw-mill. 28 owned one forge. 20 Owned a saw-mill and iron furnace (Springfield). so Owned grist* and Baw-mill. 81 Owned saw-mill and distillery. 82 Owned one tannery. 88 Owned one-half of a brew-house. AV Owned a saw-mill. ss Christian Sparr came here from Centre County in 1818. s* Owned and operated a fulling-mill. 242 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. John Shenefelt, Frederick Shenefelt, James Stevens, William Smith, Henry Solliday, Henry Simeon, Robert Smith, William Speer,1 Philip Shellebarger, Abraham Sims, Joseph Shingler, John Smith (P. C), Jacob Smith, John Snowbarger, Jacob Shenefelt, Thomas Steward,2 Jacob Spielman, George Spielman, Abraham Shelley, Jacob Shaffer, Thomas Smith, Caleb Smith, Godfrey Smith, John Son, John Sedenbaugb, Christian Schrum, Adam Sork,8 George Sork, Jacob Snively, Jr., Jacob Snively, Sr., Jacob Shaffer, Sr., Peter Shoenberger,4 Christian Stremer, Richard Smith, Rev. James Ste vens, Daniel Snively, George Thompson, John Torbitt, Samuel Treese, James Taylor, Peter Vanall, Morgan Wager, Thomas Willey, Jacob Wolf, Jonathan Walls, Martin Wolf, Jacob Winters, Abraham Winters,5 Winebrenner, Charles Wilson, William Young, Philip Yerger, Christian Yerty, Paul Terger, Abraham Yerger, William Toung, Jr. Single Freemen. — Hugh Connell, Nathaniel Steel, Isaac Speer, David Speer, John Allender, John Hartel, John Royer, Jr., John Murphy, Kinsel, Edward Malone, William Kelly, Isaac Alexander, Henry Bowers, Daniel Crooks, David Yearger, David Kelly, George Dillinger, George Gensinger, George Spang, John Ditch, John Shell, James Shell, John Shell, James Steel, Jacob Steel, John Delancy, Joseph Roller, James Edleblute, John Lytle, John Rhodes, John Shellebarger, John Hill, Joseph Knefles, Jacob Yerger, Jacob Brum baugh, John Ferguson, James Dunlap, David Ditch, George Lytle, George Straugh, Vogel Kephard, Peter Emy, Peter Merritt, Peter Sork, Peter Shell, Abraham Small, Andrew FultQn, Christopher B. Couch, Richard Shields, Hugh Lockhart, Michael Shellebarger, Wil liam Dougherty, Walter S. Lytle, Walter Smith, Thomas Wil liams, George Bowers, John Ovenour, Henry Doyle, John Barber, Peter Bittle, Richard Drury, John McLain, George Spealman, Charles Keller, and Augustus Miller. THE TAXABLES OF 1830. Jacob Ake,6 David Ake, Christian Acker, Jr., Christian Acker, John Acker, Jacob Ally, Jacob Acker, Henry Acker, Robert . Allen, John Allender, John Ake, Joseph Arthur, William Anderson, John Anguish, Dr. Etherington Appleton, Robert Alexander, George Bishop, Jonathan Benton, Sr., Michael Bowers, Thomas Biddle, John Biddle,? George Biddle, Sr.,8 Peter Biddle, John Barber, Jacob Brumbaugh, Sr., John Brotherline, Elizabeth Baugher, Aaron Burns, James Bacon, Henry Beaver, David Baird, Peter Buter- baugh, George Biddle, Jr., John Brumbaugh, Sr., John Brum baugh, Jr., Joseph Bushey, George Brumbaugh, John Bowere, Peter Bowers, Michael Bassler, Burdine Blake, Jacob Bassler, Henry Bassler, Jacob Brumbaugh, Jr.. Alexander Bernyhill,9 Ame lia M. Burns, John Bront, Jacob Benner, Jonathan Benton, Jr., Uriah Benton, John Burns, John Benton, George Brilinger, James Blake, Jacob Brumbaugh, Jacob Brumbaugh (at mill),1© David Beals, Thos. Benton, Saml. Benton, Jon. Benton, Sr., John Brumbaugh (of Jacob), H. Bowers, J. Barr, Wm. Campbell, G. Cotebower, G. Clappen, Henry Clapper, John Cromer, Isaac Cromer, Christian Carbaugh, Samuel Carbaugh, Michael Conrad, Daniel Clabough, Daniel Carty, Robert Campbell, Frederick Coffman, Abraham Clabough, Samuel Caldwell, Ethan Chilcoat, Hugh Cochrane, James Carey, James Carter, Richard Cunningham, Samuel Clark, John Clapper, Henry Conrad, Henry Conser, Henry Conrad, Jr., Jacob Conrad, David Cunningham, Samuel Cartwright, Daniel Conrad, Casper Dilling, Sr., Conrad Dilling, Henry Dilling, Abraham Dick, John Davis, Sr., John Dougherty, John Dilling,11 George Davis (collier), Jasper Dill ing, Jr., John Ditch & Brothers,12 Henry Daley, Samuel Dean, Mor ris Davis, David Dudem, John Davis, Jr., Jacob Duck, Jacob Duck Jr.,18 George Davis, Jacob Ditch, John Davis, John Ditch (carpenter), Andrew Davis, Alexander Ennis, Jacob Eddleblute, Thomas Estep, Charles Eicholtz,14 Abraham Eberly (blacksmith), Joseph Everhart, Daniel Esselman, David Eddleblute, Joseph Fay, Andrew Fulton, Alexander Foster, Thomas Farrell, George Fought, Jacob Forwalt, Samuel Fluke, Wm. Fouse, Dewalt Fouss, Adam Fouse, Frederick 2 Owned a grist-mill. 4 Owned a saw-mill and iron furnace. 1 Owned a tannery. 8 Owned a saw-mill. 6 Owned a distillery. 6 Owned ground-rents on one hundred and thirty village lots. ? Owned a clover-mill. 8 Owned a grist- and Baw-mill. 9 Owned a Btore-house. 19 Owned a grist- and saw-mill. 11 Owned a saw-mill. 12 Owned a grist-mill. 13 Owned a distillery. 14 Owned a saw-mill. Fouse, William Fay, William Funk, Christian Fenner, Samuel Fisher, Daniel Fry, John Ferguson, John Fry, Nicholas Foy, John Gordon, Joel Graybill, Hugh Gallagher, Joseph Geesey, Michael Graybill, Peter Gormon, John Groom, Jacob Grow, Joseph Green, Davis Gibbony,15 John Glass, John Gates, Edward Gartland, George G iiii n et, Reese Gunner, John Gallagher, Daniel Glenn, Gottlieb Getz, Patrick Gartland, Jeremiah Grayham, Harrier Graybill, George Gray, Frederick Hoover, John Higgins, Hannah Hoover, Simon Higgins, John Hoover (Clover Creek), Alexander Hannah, Jacob Hoover, Baltzer Hoover, Tobias Henline, Michael Heuline, Samuel Hainley, Jonas Henline, Christian Hewit, Henry Harbison, Nicholas Het rick, Michael Hetrick, Daniel Ham, William Hart, Thomas Hoover, Joseph Higgins, Elias Hoover, Ann Hoover,16 David Hoover, Jacob Hoover, Jacob Hoover, Jr., George Hanewalt, Christian Hoover, Jonathan Heffner, Thomas Hays, John Hartle, Francis Hoover, Gabriel Harvey, Peter Hess, Joshua Hammond, John Harper, George Hawley, Hewit & O'Neil,1? Dr. Daniel Houtz, Daniel Harkins, Haw- ley & Woodcock,18 Robert Irwin, Michael Irons, Michael Irons, Jr., Joseph Isenberger, Moses Johnston, Thomas Jackson, John Jones, William Jones, John Knox, John Kershner, George F. Kurtz, Peter Keith, George Keesey, James Kirkland, Dr; Joseph Kneophler, John Kneedles, Dr. Alfred Keisey, Benjamin Kennard, Adam Lower, George Lowden, David Lower, Charles Leigo, George Lower, Robbins Love, Daniel Lower, John Lower, Francis Lytle, Henry Lower, Godfrey Lantzer, Abner W. Lane, Daniel Lemon, John Longnecker, Samuel Laird, William Larkins, George C. Luce, John Loastator, Benjamin Laidy, David Martin, William McDavit, Dennis Murritts, John Morgan, John Metzger, John Miller (C. C), Denton Mobley, James Masden, John Martin,19 Peter Mounts, Thomas McCoy, Christian Master, James McKeunan, John McCau ley, John Moyers, John Murritts, James Martin, Dennis McGarvey, Ray Maize, George Murritts, Adam Money, Jacob Miller (miller), Peter Murritts, George McKim, John McCauley, Charles McGinley, William Murritts, James McCrum, John McBride, Andrew Mc- Clair, JoBeph Mateer, Henry Noe, Abraham Nikirk, John Nidich, John Nicholson, Thomas Nolan, Abraham Nikirk, John K. Neff,29 Frederick Ox, Rev. William Opdyke, Thomas Owens, David Oven our, Edward O'Neal, Jacob Onlabaugh, Henry Paul, Adolphus Pat terson, ThomaB Patterson,21 Geo. Penlow, Simon Penlow, G. Pfoutz, Britton Pearce, Peter Rhodes, Frederick Rainier, Jacob Rhodes (of Christian), David Rodkey, Daniel Rhodes, Frederick Rhodes, Chris tian Rhodes,22 John Regart, Michael Rhodes,28 Jacob Rodkey, Jacob Rodkey, Jr., Philip Roller, Jacob Royer,24 Abraham Rhodes, Jacob Roop, Daniel Royer.sfi Samuel Rhodes, I. Rood, David Rhule, William Rutter, Samuel Royer,2* Paul Rhodes, John Rhodes, Henry Reigart, Andrew Roop, Thomas Ritz, David Rhodes, Henry Rhodes, Jacob Rhodes, John RhodeB, Joseph Reed, Thomas Ramago, Jacob Rossler, George Rhodes, Alexander Ross, John Reed, Royer & Schmucker,2? John Sweeney, Christian Shorm, Adam Strayer, George Snively,28 Jacob Snively, Jacob Snively, Jr., Ely Sipes, George Sorrick, Jacob Sorrick, Peter Sorrick, George Spealman, Valentine Sorrick,™ Jacob Spealman, John Shenefelt,89 Adam Smith, Andrew Smith, Christian Stremer, Caleb Smith, William Spear,81 Rev. James Stevens,82 Chris tian Spar, Samuel Spar,88 Reuben Salyards, John Smith (of Piney Creek), John Smith84 (fuller), Jacob Smith (cooper), J. Snowberger, J. Solliday, A. Solliday, W. Shaw, C. Straighthoof,N. Steel, A. Shelly, George Schell, William Shiffler, George Simmers, John Seedenbaugh^ Samuel Stevens, George SlayBman, Joseph Shingler, Peter Shoen berger,85 Benjamin Straighthoof, John Schell (laborer), Peter Schell, James Schell, John Smith, Jr., Jacob Shingler, Abraham Shenefelt', 15 Owned 16 Owned 18 Owned 20 Owned 22 Owned 28 Owned 25 Owned saw -mill. 26 Owned 2? Owned 28 Owned » Owned 82 Owned 34 Owned 35 Owned saw-mill and fulling-mill. one oil- and one saw-mill. a bucket-factory. grist-mill, saw-mill, and distillery. a saw-mill. a grist- and saw-mill. 1? Owned a brewery. 19 Owned a distillery. 21 Cabinet-shop. 24 Owned a tannery. - — — uwutu a tannery. an iron furnace (valued at twelve thousand dollars) and . a forge (valued at six thousand dollars) and store. a forge (valued at seven thousand dollars) and a saw-mill afw-miU- *>Owned a saw-mill. adlstlllery- "Owned a tannery. atannery- ¦« Owned a saw-mill. a fulling-mill. a saw-mill, and a furnace valued at twelve thousand dollars. WOODBERRY TOWNSHIP. 243 Jacob Shelly, Matthew Simpson, David Scott, Barney Stroup, Daniel Snively, Benjamin Sias, George Saylor, Robert Spencer, John Schoy, John Summers, John W. Stewart, David Spar, Frederick Solliday, Frederick Spealman, Andrew Thompson, Andrew Thompson (la borer), Jacob Teter, David Teter, William Thompson, George M. Trump, John TJtz, Jesse Wolf, Abraham Winters,1 Jacob Winters, John "Weaver, John Wager, Jacob Wolf, Peter Winebrenner, Martin Wolf, William Wolf, George Warner, Solomon Wolf, John Toung, Jr., Jacob Terger, John Toung, Philip Yerger, David Yerger, Jere miah Yerger. Single Freemen.— John Acker (of John), Henry Acker (of John), John Acker (of H.), Christian Acker (of H.), John Acker (of C), George Allen, Robert Ayers, Frederick Bowers, Andrew Biddle, Charles Biddle, Johjn Barber, David Bender, Alexander Campbell, Daniel Conrad, Alfred Crewet, William Cartwright, Abraham Ditch, Wil liam Davis, David Ditch, John Dickey, Richard Drury, John Ditch, George Dilling, James E. Defebaugh, Richard Durbin, Joseph Davis, Leonard Eicholtz, Jacob Eicholtz, Moses Everhart, James Eddle blute, George Fry, John Foutz, William Findley, John Gallagher, Jacob Grafius, Adam Holliday, Joseph HigginB, George Ham, John Hoffman, Baltzer Hoover, William Hoffman, George Kensinger, Henry Jackson, William Keysey, Dr. Joseph Kneophler, William Keisey, James A. Kerr, Thomas Kerr, Samuel Lower, Peter Long- necker, Thomas Mobley, Peter Moore, James McCullough, David Metz, George Miller,Peter Murritts, Thomas Mobley, William Mur ritts, John McGregor, James Mitchell, Robert Maxwell, Edward O'Neil, Neil O'Donnell, William Nesbit, William Potter, George Pressler, John Paul, David Potter, Paul Rhodes, John Royer, Solo mon Rodkey, Frederick Reed, Ralph Reighart, Abram Rhodes, Samuel Rhodes, Joshua Roller, John Rodenbaugh, John Rees, Frederick Solliday, William Smeltz, John Shelly, Isaac Spar, Ely Sipes, John Sweeney, William Spealman, William Schell, Stephen Uncles, James Wheeler, Abraham Winters, John Winters, David Winters, Dr. Jesse Wolf, JoBeph Wolf, Daniel Wright. Abner W. Lane was the assessor in 1830, and the total valuation of property owned in the township was three hundred and thirty-nine thousand one hun dred and eighty-nine dollars. TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. 1788.— Philip Walker, constable; Jacob Server, assessor. 1789.— Philip Walker, constable; Jacob Server, Conrad Brumbaugh, supervisors ; Daniel Powell, Peter Wineland, overseers of the poor. 1790.— Jacob Rhodes, constable ; Jacob Server, Thomas Thompson, super visors; Conrad Brumbaugh, Martin Houser, overseers of the poor; Peter Metzger, William Phillips, Jr., appraisers. 1791.— Christian Hoover, constable ; John Clapper, Philip Metzger.super- visors; Jacob Smith, Philip Stoner, overseers of the poor; Adam Albaugh, David Boyer, appraisers. 1792.— Isaac Hutson, constable; Jacob Rhodes, Adam Albaugh, super visors; Jacob Smith, Henry Wesour, overseers of the poor; Henry Painter, David Boyer, appraisers.. 1793, — No record of officers elected. 1794. — No record of officers elected. 1795.— Philip Hartman, Philip Walker, supervisors; Henry Benner, Henry Holdenhouser, overseers of the poor ; John Scholes, Ephraim Markley, appraisers. 1796. — No record. 1797.— Adam Albaugh, George Shane, supervisors ; Harmon Clapper, Nicholas Fouse, overseers of the poor; Philip Walker, Jacob Smith, appraisers. 1798.-^Facob Snively, constable; Paul Terger, Henry Painter, super visors ; Philip Hartman, Abraham Miller, overseers of the poor. 1799.-John Miller, constable ; Henry Wissour, Christian Rhodes, super visors ; Adam Lower, Lodwick Clapper, overseers of the poor. 1800 -Adam Carrick, constable ; Lodwick Clapper, Abraham Miller, su pervisors; Abraham "Welch, John Cromer, overseers of the poor; William Bailey, John Hutson, appraisers. 1801 -John Scholes, constable ; Jacob Rhodes, Philip Oiler, supervisors ; George Everhart, Jacob Hoover, overseers of the poor; Zachariah Albaugh, Paul Terger, appraisers. 1*02.-Andrew Biddle, constable ; Jacob Rodkey, Jacob Hoover, super- l Owned a distillery. visors; Ephraim Markley, John Ake, overseers of the poor; John Acker, Samuel Hoover, appraisers ; Abraham Holm, Abraham Ditch, Abraham Miller, Zachariah Albaugh, auditors. 1803. — Peter Hoover, Charles Ray, supervisors; Henry Benner, John Everhart, overseers of the poor ; Charles Acker, John Cromer, ap praisers; Paul Terger, Abraham Miller, Zachariah Albaugh, audi tors. 1804. — John Brumbaugh, constable; Casper Dillinger, John Cromer, supervisors; Jacob Hoover, Jacob Coleman, overseers of the poor; Abraham Miller, John Clapper, appraisers; Hugh McKillip, Adam Sorrick, Paul Yerger, David Colonour, auditors. 1805. — John Brumbaugh, constable; Adam Lower, Tobias Henline, su pervisors ; Henry Clapper, Joseph Everhart, overseers of the poor. 1806. — Paul Yerger, constable; Jacob Smith, John Shoenfelt, super visors; Lodwick Clapper, Henry Acker, overseers of the poor. 1807. — Abraham Miller, constable; John Brumbaugh, Abraham Ditch, supervisors; John Barr, overseer of the poor; Conrad Brumbaugh, Henry Smith, appraisers. 1808. — Casper Dillinger was appointed constable, but refusing to serve was fined by the court forty dollars. Adam Smith, Daniel Powell, supervisors; Lodwick Clapper and Henry Acker, overseers of the poor. 1809.— William McGimpsey, Jacob Rodkey, and Peter Swoope were suc cessively appointed constables in the spring of 1809, but refusing to serve were fined by the court forty dollars each. Samuel Hoover, Jacob Rodkey, supervisors; Joseph Everhart, Tobias Henline, over seers of the poor. 1810. — Samuel Hoover, George Everhart, and Jacob Hoover were also fined forty dollars each in the spring of 1810 for refusing to serve as constable. 1811. — Hugh McKillip, constable. No record of other officers. 1812. — Christian Hoover appointed constable, refused to serve, was fined forty dollars. No record of other officers. 1813. — William Spear served aB constable. No record of other officers. lSH.-s-Jacob Spealman, constable. No record of other officers. 1815. — George Kneopfier, constable. No record of other officers. 1816. — Aaron Burns, constable. No record of other officers. .1817.— Robert Campbell having been appointed constable, refused to serve, and was fined by the court forty dollars. Among other offi cers elected that year were William Spear and Peter Bowers, super visors; Abraham Ditch and Michael Bosler, overseers of the poor: Samuel Royer, Christian Hewit, George Davis, and John Barber, auditors ; Peter Engle and John Martin, appraisers. 1818. — William Entriken, constable. No other officers reported. 1819. — William Young, constable. No other officers reported. 1820. — John Cromer, constable ; Casper Dillinger and Davis Gibboney, supervisors. 1821. — Jacob Duck, constable. No record of other officers. 1822. — No record. 1823. — Christian Hewit, constable; Charles Eicholtz, Michael Rhodes, supervisors. 1824 — John Brotherline, constable ; Abraham Rhodes, Aaron Burns, supervisors ; Christian Hewit, Samuel Fluke, overseers of the poor. 1825. — Charles Eicholtz, constable; Aaron Burns, David Martin, super visors ; Christian Hewit, Samuel Fluke, overseers of the poor; Jacob Winters, Jacob Royer, Davis Gibboney, Nathaniel Steel, auditors. 1826. — Christian Sparr, constable ; Aaron Burns, Frederick Hoover, su pervisors; Jacob Rodkey, .Michael Rhodes, overseers of the poor; Nathaniel Steel, George Slaysman, Jacob Winters, Charles Eicholtz, auditors. 1827. — James A. Kerr, constable; Abraham Rhodes, Christian Coutz, supervisors ; Abraham Winters, John Biddle, overseers of the poor; Nathaniel Steel, Alexander W. Berryhill, Christian Hewit, Robert Campbell, auditors. 1828.— Abraham Winters, qonstable ; Christian Coutz, Jacob Brumbaugh, Bupervisors; William Spear, James Stevens, overseers of the poor; A. W. Berryhill, Adolphus Patterson, George Slaysman, Nathaniel Steel, auditors. 1829. — Jacob Roop, constable ; Jacob Brumbaugh, Frederick Fouse, su pervisors; Henry Powell, Charles Eicholtz, overseers of the poor; Henry Beaver, Jacob Royer, Davis Gibboney, William Campbell, auditors. 1830. — Alexander Campbell, constable ; Joseph Everhart, Jacob Brum baugh, supervisors ; Jacob Bosler, Jacob Rodkey, Jr., overseers of the poor ; William Campbell, Davis Gibboney, Abraham Solliday, Joseph Feay, auditors. 1831. — Alexander Campbell, constable ; Henry Beaver, Abraham Solli- 244 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. day, supervisors ; George Fought, Jacob Duck, overseers of tho poor; Davis Gibboney, Samuel Dean, Charles Eicholtz, auditors. 1832. — John Smith, constable ; George Bishop, Henry Solliday, supervi sors; John Acker, Joseph Fecey, overseers of the poor; David Good, Jacob Bassler, auditors. 1833. — Martin Gates, constable. No other officers reported. 1834.— Samuel Sparr, constable; George Sorrick, Baltzer Hoover, super visors; Henry Acker, Joseph Feay, overseers of the poor; Abraham Solliday, auditor. 1835. — Henry Clapper, constable ; Henry Daily, Joseph Feay, supervi sors; Casper Dilling, Paul Rhodes, overseers of the poor; Jacob Sorrick, auditor; Jacob Winters, Aaron Burns, school directors, 1836. — David Good, constable; Samuel Dean, Jacob Brumbaugh, super visors ; Michael BasBler, Jacob Brumbaugh, overseers of the poor; Daniel Hewit, auditor ; Abraham Solliday, Abraham Winters, school directors. 1837 ^ — Jacob Brumbaugh, David Ake, supervisors; Michael Bassler, David Lower, overseers of the poor; Abraham Solliday, auditor; Henry Clapper, Charles Eicholtz, and Robert Alexander, school di rectors. 1838. — Isaac Sparr, constable ; Michael Bassler, Charles Eicholtz, over seers of the poor; Samuel R. Stevens, David Good, school directors. 1839.— Samuel Dean, constable. No others reported. 1840.— George Focht, constable; William Fouse, William Gibson, super visors; Philip Beamer, George Wike, overseers of the poor; Sam uel R. Stevens, auditor; Samuel Dean, Johnston Moore, school directors. 1841.— Henry K. Swoope, constable; Henry Clapper, Henry Harbison, Bupervisors; John Morgan, John Snowberger, overseers of the poor; Johnston Moore, auditor; Abraham Solliday, Frederick Albright, school directors. 1842. — Henry K. Swoope, constable; Baltzer Hoover, Jr., J. Yerger, su pervisors; Jacob Shoenfelt, Christian Good, overseers of the poor; Samuel Dean, auditor; Peter Hess, JameB S. Hamilton, school di rectors. , 1843.—- Henry K. Swoope, constable ; George W. Hewit, Jeremiah Terger, supervisors; James Riley, George Sorrick, overseers of the poor; John K. Neff, auditor; William Kennedy, John Rhodes, J. E. Defabaugh, Robert Alexander, school directors. 1844.— Henry K. Swoope, constable ; Samuel Sparr, John Shoenfelt, su pervisors; Jacob Shoenfelt, Peter Biddle, overseers of the poor; David Good, auditor; Joseph Feay, G. W. Hewit, Henry Harbison, school directors. 1845.— Henry K. Swoope, constable. No other officers on record. 1846.— Thomas Rees, constable; George W. Smith, B. Hoover, super visors ; James Riley, Sr., David Lower, overseers of the poor ; Joseph Feay, auditor; Johnston Moore, Samuel Dean, school directors; G. W. Hewit, clerk. 1847.— Isaac Sparr, James Riley, Sr., inspectors; Thomas Rees, consta ble; Thomas K. Fluke, Robert Alexander, David S. Rhule, David Albright, Henry Schwarts, school directors; Joseph Fay, auditor; Henry Harbison, Robert Spencer, overseers of the poor; Robert Spencer, assessor. 1848. — John B. Lang, constahle ; Samuel Bender, David Ake, supervisors ; Edward McKiernan, assessor ; L. Lower, B. Hoover, school direc tors ; George W. Smith, auditor. 1849.— G. W. Smith, asseBBor ; Peter Hess, constable ; Wray Maize, Jacob Sorrick, supervisors; Samuel Dean, auditor; Samuel Sparr, G. W. Hewit, school directors. 1850. — William Birley, E. McKiernan, justices of the peace; Robert Spencer, assessor; G. Hewit, auditor; Samuel Dean, George Eich oltz, supervisors ; J. R. Meloy, Philip Snare, school directors. 1851. — John Shoenfelt, assessor; John Shoenfelt, constable; Henry Swartz, John Sparr, supervisors; Joseph Keasy, George W. Smith school directors; Charles Bittle, auditor. 1852.— Joseph R. Hewitt, assessor; Jacob S. Shull, constable; A. Mc Allister, Andrew Smith, supervisors ; Henry Ake, Eli Smith, school directors; David Good, auditor. 1853.— Simon Ake, assessor; John B.Lang, constable; Isaac Bell, Jacob Sorrick, Bupervisors; Johnston Moore, Charles Bittle, school direc tors; John K. Neff, auditor. 1854.— Joseph S. Ake, assessor ; Liaac Bell, George Feay, supervisors ; George W. Smith, George Snively, school directors; Samuel Dean, auditor. 1 John Acker was elected constable, but refusing to serve was fined by the court forty dollars, which was promptly paid. 1855. — John Shenefelt, assessor; Charles Biddle, Emmanuel Duck, su pervisors ; William J. Spencer, Alexander Hamer, school directors ; JoBhua Roller, auditor. 1856. — William G. Huyett, assessor; Johnston Moore, James Weaver, supervisors ; Samuel Royer, Samuel Dean, William Kennedy, school directors ; James M. Johnston, auditor. 1857. — Robert Alexander, constable. No record of other officers. 1858. — Joseph R. Hewitt, assessor ; Joseph Feay, Jacob Shinefelt, super visors; James E. Defenbaugh, William McClelland, school directors; Samuel Dean, auditor. 1859. — F. E. Weaver, assessor ; R. W. Martin, George R. Snively, super visors; H. K. Hammond, B. L. Hewit, school directors; Jacob Sor rick, auditor. 1860. — James J. Feay, assessor; Thomas Patterson, Jacob Shenefelt, su pervisors; John D.Ross, Samuel Bossier, school directors; Henry Harbison, auditor. 1861. — John Shinefelt, assessor; Joshua Roller, Sr., Jacob Shinefelt, su pervisors; Andrew Riley, Joseph Feay, school directors; James E. Defebaugh, auditor. 1862. — John Shinefelt, assessor; Jacob Shinefelt, John B. Hoover, super visors; Aaron B. Good, Samuel R. Schmucker, school directors; John K. Neff, auditor. 1863. — John M. Roller, assessor; William A. Fluke, Jacob Shinefelt, su pervisors; William J. Spencer, John S. Riddle, school directors; Charles Riddle, auditor. 1864 — Robert Alexander, assessor; Benjamin L. Hewit, William A. Fluke, supervisors; Thomas Loudon, Isaac Yingling, school direc tors; Joseph R. Hewit, auditor. 1865.— William Kennedy, assessor; Philip Snarl, Solomon Rodkey, su pervisors; Peter Vandevender, H.K.Hammond, school directors; J. Roller, auditor. 1866. — John Shoenfelt, assessor; George Smith, Samuel R. Royer, super visors; John S. Biddle, William J. Spencer, school directors; John Dean, auditor. 1867.— Isaac Yingling, assessor; Jacob Shinefelt, Joseph Waggoner, supervisors; John Howard, B. L. Hewit, school directors; J. D. Ross, auditor. 1868. — Isaac Yingling, assessor; J. Shinefelt, Thomas Loudon, supervi sors ; John W. Swartz, John Hyle, W. J. Householder, Mason How ard, school directors ; John K. Neff, auditor. 1869 (February).— John S. Bittle, assessor; George Garner, Solomon Wertz, supervisors ; Cyrus Mateer, A. L. Smith, George W. Sorrick, school directors; Joseph R. Hewit, auditor. 1869 (October).— Jacob Shinefelt, Joseph Wagoner, supervisors; Mason Howard, Thomas Loudon, Charles Schwab, C. D. Sparr, school direc tors; Samuel Dean, auditor. 1870 (October).— John S. Bittle, assessor; A. Smith, Joseph Waggoner, Bupervisors; C. D. Sparr, John M. Roller, school directors; John D. Ross, auditor. 1872 (February).— John M. Roller, assessor; Samuel Bossier, William Fay, supervisors; A. L. Smith, B. L. Hewit, John Howard, school directors ; Joseph R. Hewit, auditor. 1873.— H. R. Smith, assessor; G. W. Sorrick, Charles Ross, supervisors; Joseph Wagoner, Thomas Louden, W. M. Eicholtz, school directors; Samuel Dean, auditor. 1874.— A. J. Rull, John B. Hoover, supervisors; Christian Sparr, A. B. Good, Daniel Deihl, school directors; James Roller, auditor. 1875.— F. Schmucker, assessor; James Riley, John B. Hoover, super visors; D. Snively, Joseph Wagner, school directors; John Ross, auditor. 1876.— Albert J. Rhule, assessor; James Riley, John B. Hoover, super visors; William Eicholtz, David Rough, school directors; Samuel Dean, auditor. 1877.— Edward Trinbath, Eugene Winters, supervisors ; Christian Sparr, A. B. Good, James Gibboney, school directors ; James Roller, au ditor. 1878.— Isaac Yingling, assessor; James Riley, Edward Trimbath, super visors; Edward Wolford, William Richardson, Andrew Simons, school directors; S. R. Schmucker, Dr. J. D. Rosb, auditors. 1879.-George M. Patterson, assessor; James Riley, George Wagoner, supervisors; James Roller, E. Hartman, Bchool directors; S. R. Schmucker, auditor. 1880.-C.D. Sparr, assessor; George Ake, George Clapper, supervisors; John Swartz, William A. Fluke, school directors; W. W. Hewit , auditor. ' 1S81.-D. M. Thompson, judge of election; C. Ross, W. Eicholtz in spectors; William Myers, assessor; A. J. Simons, J. Slonaker, super- WOODBERRY TOWNSHIP. 245 visors ;' J. D. Allender, constable ; David Fay, William KiohardBon, Bchool directors; J. D. Boss, auditor; F. R. Schmucker, township clerk. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE SINCE 1850. 1850, Edward McKiernan j 1851, Wiliam Burley; 1855, Alexander Rut- Iege ; 1856, Isaac Yingling ; 1860, Alexander Kutlege ; 1861, Isaao Tingling; 1865, Alexander Eutlege; 1866, Edward McKiernan; 1870, Isaac Yingling; 1871, Edward McKiernan ; 1875, Benjamin Snively; 1876, Edward McKiernan; 1880, Benjamin Snively, Ben jamin McFalls; 1881, Benjamin McFalls. Williamsburg. — This village is pleasantly situ ated in the northern part of Woodberry township, and on the right or south bank of the Juniata River. It contains four church edifices, viz. : Presbyterian, Lutheran, Methodist Episcopal, and Catholic, a brick school building, one newspaper printing-office, a banking-house, three hotels, a grist-mill, some ten or twelve business houses, where various goods are sold, the unoccupied furnace, etc., of the Williams burg Manufacturing Company, several minor manu factories, a population of about seven hundred in habitants, and is the terminus of the Williamsburg Branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad. Until about the year 1790 the site of the village and the major portion of the lands in its immediate vicinity was denominated unseated; and still re mained in a primitive condition, John Canan and John Swift being the owners. At that time Jacob Ake x came here from the Conococheague country, Wash ington County, Md., and being prepossessed in favor of the site and its surroundings, both on account of its great natural beauties and the wondrous spring (which but a few rods from its source has power sufficient to carry the wheels of manufactories), purchased of Messrs. Canan and Swift, separately, a tract of some six hundred acres, for which he paid, it is stated, at the rate of six dollars per acre. He early conceived the idea of establishing a vil lage, and in the year 1795 the project was carried into execution by engaging the services of Patrick Cas sidy, a surveyor of Newry, who on the 14th day of August of that year surveyed and plotted one hun dred and twenty lots, the extent of the original plot. These lots were fifty feet front by one hundred and seventy-five feet deep, except the four lots fronting on " market square" (corner High and Front Streets), which were but one hundred and fifty-five feet deep. The original streets were Front and Second, each sixty feet wide; Plumb, fifty feet wide; High, sixty-six feet wide; and Spring, forty-two feet wide, eight feet being allowed or taken off the latter street for the ¦ surplus flow of water from the spring. A copy of the original map of the plot shows that the line dividing the lands formerly owned by Canan and Swift, in its northwest and southeast course, inter sects lots numbered 120, 119, 118, 68, 91, 92,69, 70, 1 Jacob Ake was of German parentage, his father having been an early emigrant from Germany to the Conococheague country. He died at Wil liamsburg in April, 1838, at the age of eighty-four years. Many of his descendants still reside here. 71, 72, 73, 48, 47, 46, 45, 44, 43, 42, 41, 40, 39, 27, 28, 29, 30, and 31. The old plan of selling lots on lease by the pay ment of one Spanish milled dollar yearly forever was adopted by Mr. Ake, and to this day nearly all of the lots are subject to that tax. In the year 1800 the owners of lots in the village other than Mr. Ake were Henry Burns, Andrew Bell, Earnest Burns, John Bardie, Tush Clark, Joseph Chapman, Rezin Davis, Robert Frakes, James Gray, George Hardy, Dr. George Kneophler, Henry Key- ser, Jacob Kyler, George Kyser, Benjamin Law, James Martin, John Martin, Joseph Miller, Thomas Montgomery, Abraham Mathorn, Jonathan Monroe, John Miller, Hugh McKillip, John McKillip, Henry Mennert, Bay Porter, James Parker, Joseph Peter- baugh, Casper Smith, Robert Smith, Christley Stein beck, James Scholes, George Shane, John Travis, Moses Thompson, John Wineland, Daniel Wampler, John Williams, Jr., Philip Walker, Robert Walker, and John Ward. Very few of those just named, however, were then residents of the village, although a school was established by Mr. Ake ' soon after his settlement. Mr. Jeremiah Yerger, who still resides in the town ship, visited Williamsburg for the first time in the autumn of 1814. It is his recollection that there were then about twenty families residing in the village. Among the business men were Robert Province, who was the postmaster, and was also engaged in merchan dising, occupying a building which stood on the cor ner opposite and north from the hotel building now controlled by Nicodemus ; William Entriken, a mer chant, who occupied the corner east from Province, or where a drug-store is now in operation ; John Martin, who kept an inn on the corner now occupied by Nicodemus ; William McGimpsey, who kept tav ern on the corner where now stands Hewitt's store. The village boasted of no school-house or church edi fice. The grist-mill, a two-story log building, Stood on the foundation of the brick house now standing above the present mill. A man named Blackburn 2 In School Commissioner John H. Stephens' report for the year 1877 we find the following: " The earliest elementary school in the annals of this district was established about 1790 by Jacob Ake, who was the owner of the land on which the village of Akestown (now Williamsburg) was laid out. See ing the necessity of educational training among the young, Mr. Ake secured teachers and defrayed all expenses from his private purse. His word was regarded aB law with the youth, and when he issued a com mand the, parentage acquiesced and the children rendered obedience. Thus it was when the pioneer resident established his first school. He visited village householders, brandished his staff, and the children hied away to school. About fifteen years this system of instruction existed through the Bame channel, when subscription schoolB began. Mr. JameB Martin taught until 1825, after which followed Messrs. Campbell, Irvin, Opdyke, Spencer, and Miss Nancy Anderson, Borne of whom were rigid disciplinarians. Mr. Opdyke was a minister, and one of bis novel modes of punishing pupils was to stand them in some conspicuous posi tion, cover their eyes with leather spectacles, and allow the school to laugh at them a length of time according to the gravity of the offense committed." 246 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. was the miller, Jacob Duck was the blacksmith, John Barber, Peter Metz, and Samuel Fluke the car penters, Adam Lower the weaver, and among other residents were Aaron Layton, Jacob Rodkey, Christ- ley Shockey, Adam Anthony, John Barr,1 Jacob Benner, Samuel Derush, John Dougal, Dr. George Kneophler, Godfrey Launtzer, a shoemaker, and Abraham Winters, who operated a small distillery. The first church edifice (see religious history of the village) was erected in 1816. In 1824 the retailers2 of foreign merchandise, other than wines and spirits, were John Steel and Adolphus Patterson, those sell ing goods in the township (outside of the village) at that time being Schmucker & Royer, Daniel Royer, and Peter Shoenberger. About the year 1827 the village was incorporated as a borough, the officers elected in the year 1828 being George Slaysman, Aaron Burns, Nathaniel Steel, Henry Lower, Frederick Menner, town council; Samuel Fluke, high consta ble; James A. Kerr, borough constable; William Spear, Andrew Thompson, overseers of the poor; Christian Coutz and John Weaver, supervisors. A kind of slipshod, shiftless borough government was then continued for a period of about twelve years, or until 1841, when the charter was declared void and no corporate officers elected. Following are the borough officers reported to the clerk of the Court of Quarter Sessions, Huntingdon County, for the years 1829-40, inclusive : 1829. — William Spear, burgess; Christian Hewit, George Davis, Henry Harbison, Henry Reigart, and Abner W. Lane, town council ; Jo seph Kneophler, high constable ; Wray Maize, Jacob Benner, bor ough constables ; John Martin, Thomas Patterson, overseers of the poor; Andrew Thompson, George Slaysman, supervisors. 1830-31.— Wray Maize, constable. 1832-35, inclusive. — David Caldwell, constable. 1836. — Jesse Woodcock, constable; Daniel Lower, Dr. James Trimble, supervisors; Joshua Roller, Peter Rhodes, overseers of the poor; Johu K. Neff and Abraham Solliday, school directors. 1837.— P. W. Mathews, constable. 1838. — Andrew Davis, constable. 1839. — Jacob Ake, constable. 1840.— Simon S. Launtzer, constable ; Christian Hewit, John Allender, supervisors ; Christian Hewit, John Allender, overseers of the poor; Henry Reigart, auditor; and Joseph R. Maloy, Joseph R. Hewit, Daniel Piper, school directors. The tax-paying inhabitants of the village for the year last mentioned (1840) were as follows : 1 Barr owned the village grist- and saw-milla in 1810. 2 In 1829, Steel & Lane, Alexander Ennis, and Joseph Roller were mentioned as retailers of goods. In 1832 the tavern-keepers in the township were Christian Hewit, David Caldwell, Wray Maize, William Campbell, Bartholomew Rooney, James Wallace, John O'Connor, and Michael Grimes. The year 1841 found William Fouse, Dr. P. 'Shoenber ger, Samuel Royer, and Royer & Schmucker selling goods in the town ship, while in the borough Smyth A Rhodes, Jacob Shoenfelt, Simon Ake, Hewit & Kinkead, Adolphus Patterson, Barr & Winters, and James M. Johuston were engaged in merchandising. In 1846 (the year of the county's organization, and the borough charter beiug no longer in force) those having a license for the sale of liquors in the township were Adol phus Patterson, M. Orlady, Philip Metz, Joseph R. Hewit & Co., and George W. Daniels, while Smith & Wample, James M. Johnston, Daniel H. Royer & Co., James Entriken, and Royer & Schmucker were selling general merchandise. Jacob Alley,3 Robert Alexander, John Allender, Joseph Ake, David Ake,4 Jacob Ake, William Ake, Jacob Ake (of Jacob), John Ake, William Alexander, Joshua Aurandt, Alexander & Ross, Ake & Schlonecker, Joseph Adams, James Bacon, Aaron Burns, James M. Bell, David Bender, Thomas Bender, Heury Brenneman, Benjamin Bowers, John Brantner, Simon Barr, William Barto, Dr. Baker's heirs, John Brotherline's administrators, Thomas Bodley, George Clapper, Abraham Clabaugh, Jr., Shem Coffman, Samuel S. Cooper, Nancy Duck, Andrew Davis, George Davis, James E. Defebaugh, Jacob Duck, John Drayton, George W. Davis, Matthew Dean, Jacob Ditch, Alexander Ennis, Rev. Michael Eyster, Fought & Couts, Thomas Fluke, John G. Flood, John Ferree, Samuel Gahagan, Robert Garner, Jacob Greenland, Benjamin Good, Stephen Ham mond, Joseph Higgins, Elias Hoover, Christian Hewit,'' Joseph Hag erty, Josepli Huston, Dr. Robert Hamill, Thomas Jackson, Robert Irwin's administrators, Samuel Isenberg, John Isenberg, James M. Johnston, Thos. Kurtz, Jos. Kneophler, D. Kaylor, David Long, R. Love, W. Lysinger, J. Lower, D. Lower, S. Lontzer, A. Laudenberger, Abner Lane, Lutheran congregation, Thomas Lowe, Elizabeth Love, Edward McKiernan, Joseph Mateer, Robert Maxwell, Robert Martin, Adam Mooney, Joseph R. Maloy, Julian Metz, Wray Maize, John Martin, James Martin, Philip Metz, Peter Metz, Frederick Mack, Francis McCoy, John Myers, Jr., John Myers, Sr., Edward McDonald, Philip Michael, John L. Martin, Methodist congrega tion, John Nicholson, John K. Neff,6 Adam Norris, John Nedict, Joseph Oatman, Matthew Orlady, Thomas Owens, Daniel Piper, Thomas Patterson, Adolphus PatterBon,7 David S. Rhule, Joshua Roller, Peter Rhodes, J. & J. Roller, Henry Reigart, Samuel Royer, Joseph Roller, John Richards, Philip Reese, James Riley, James Rinerd, Rev. James Sanks, William Stevens, Jacob Shoenfelt, Jr., John Shoenfelt, Rev. James Stevens, Peter Sorrick, William Spear,8 Johu Sweeney, Robert Spencer, David Stewart, George M. Smith, Christian Streamer, William Sloneker, John Suttle, John Smith (fuller), John Smith (laborer), John Turree, John WilliamB, A. Wat son, Jacob Winters, Abraham Winters,9 John Weaver, Dr. Jesse. Wolf, Henry Withers, Greenberry Wilson,io John S. Wilson, Jere miah Whitehead, Jeremiah Yerger, David Yingland, Isaac Zimmer man. Single Freemen. — Joshua Aurandt, Simon Ake, Jacob Ake, George Ake, Joseph Ake, Jr., John Bacon, Samuel Bell, Michael Brennerman, Samuel Beamer, Morris Cavinor, Charles Duffee, William Davis, Thomas Farrel, Samuel L. Fluke, William Gahaghan, Benjamin Garman, Benjamin Gavin, Joseph R. Hewit, William G. Hewit, John Hoover, George A. Hammill, John Huston, John Holmes, Benjamin L. Hewit, James Haney, Joseph Higgins, John Johnston, Lewis Jackson, Martiu Johnston, Joseph Kneophler, James M. Kin kead, John W. Kelly, Henry Lower, William McGregor, John Metz, Peter Metz, Cyrus Mateer, JoBeph Matson, Simon Manniug, G. A. Madison, Hamilton Moore, Matthew Orlady, Andrew O'Neal, Henry H. Parks, Thomas Rees, John D. Rose, Joseph Rees, William Riley, Christiau Shoenfelt, John Sweeny, David Shoenfelt, James Shoenfelt, Hiram Sissler, Jacob Streamer, John Shaw, Andrew Stevens, Henry Tickle, Jeremiah Wingart, Benjamin Wnodrick, David Yingland. The inn-keepers then located in the borough were Francis McCoy, Robert Martin, and Philip Metz. Jo seph R. Hewit was the assessor, and the total assessed valuation was $58,082, on which a tax of $160.55 was levied. The town then enjoyed a reasonable amount of prosperity. The canal was one of the most important avenues of commerce in the Union, and the merchants 8 Cooper. * Owned ninety lots, on which ground-rents were paid. 6 Owned one-half of a distillery. • Owned griBt-mill, saw-mill, fulling-mill, and tannery. 1 Owned a store, distillery, and some dozen or more houses and lots. 8 Owned a tannery. ¦ Owned a bakery and distillery. 10 Greenberry Wilson was a blacksmith. Patrick Shirley, an appren tice under him, departed in an unceremonious manner in 1834, where upon Wilson, in a public notice, remarked that Shirley was " possessed of neither wit, manners, nor money." JLt^ Jt WOODBERRY TOWNSHIP. 247 of Williamsburg counted as among their regular customers people residing fifteen miles distant. The Williamsburg Manufacturing Company was another source of prosperity during its continuance, but what with the abandonment of the canal and the cessation of work in its manufactories, the town of to-day con tains a less number of inhabitants than it did many years ago. Manufactories of the Past and Present. — Just when and by whom the original grist- and saw-mills were erected we have not learned, but it is probable that they were built some time between the years 1790 and 1800. Frederick Herron and John Ake operated them in 1800, John Barr in 1810, and Fred erick Mennert as early as 1820. As previously men tioned, the first grist-mill was a two-story log struc ture, and stood just above the present one. In 1824, Mr. Mennert built the present grist-mill. He re mained here but a few years thereafter, however, and John K. Neff became his successor, being in possession as early as 1830. The mill property is now owned by James M. Kinkead. About 1830, Messrs. Holly (or Hawley) & Wood cock established a bucket-factory and successfully conducted the business for some years. After them came the Benders,1 who engaged in the manufacture of woolen yarn, carpets, etc., and gave employment to some ten to fifteen men and boys. They were suc ceeded by the Whiteheads, who continued the same business until the death of Jeremiah Whitehead, some thirty years ago. Some years after the completion of the canal a foundry was established, the original owners being succeeded by the Rileys. This establishment per formed much work, especially in furnishing articles needed for canal repairs. About 1858, Messrs. Neff, Johnston, Dean & Co. began the business of smelting iron ore, the ore being obtained from John Royer {the Co.). After some five years a Mr. Kemp ob tained control, and continued to manage the works for three or four years, when they were enlarged, a change of ownership effected, and the management then assumed the firm-name of the Williamsburg » David Bender and Henry Hubler carried on an extensive business at the " Williamsburg Woolen-Mills." In the Hollidaysburg Aurora, under date of September, 1834, they advertised that " carding, spinning, weav ing of every description, blue-dyeing, and fancy coloring for carpetings, «tc, also the manufacture of broadcloths, satinets, flannels, and blankets the full breadth, coverlets, and carpets would be performed in a workmanlike manner." They offered to receive grain in payment, which was to be delivered either at "Neff's, Williamsburg; Royer's, Springfield ; feett's, Sinking Valley ; Wallace's, Union Furnace ; Gem- mill's, Alexandria ; NefTs, Petersburg ; Neff's, Shaver's Creek ; Swoope's, Woodcock Valley ; Entriken's, Woodcock Valley, and Moore's, Scotch Valley," while work was to be received at the "Williamsburg Mills, Royer's mill, Neff's mill, Petersburg; Neff's mill, Shaver's Creek; Isett's mill Sinking Valley; John McGuire's store, Sinking Valley; Thomaa Owen's, Birmingham ; Dean, Stewart & Co., Canoe Valley ; D. Hileman's store Frankstown; Swoope & McKinney's, Martinsburg; Rebecca Fur- nace- H Beaver's store, Morrison's Cove; H. Neff's store, Alexandria ; John' Ieenberg's, Cross-Roads.; John Hoover's and Thomas Enyert's, in Woodcock Valley." Manufacturing Company. This company continued with varying success until some six or seven years ago, when the furnace went out of blast. James M. Kinkead, Esq., is the present owner of the property. Various other early manufactories in the township and village, such as furnaces, forges, grist-, saw-, and fulling-mills, distilleries, tanneries, etc., are mentioned in notes accompanying lists of taxables for the years 1788, 1800, 1810, 1820, 1830, and to those lists the reader is referred for further information. For nearly half a century John K. Neff was iden tified with the best and most progressive interests of Williamsburg, and as a representative business man stood high, not only in Blair County, but in other sections, notably in the South. He was descended from Francis Neff, who came from Switzerland to America and located in Pennsylvania under William Penn, and who was the progenitor of all the Neffs known to Pennsylvania's history since his time. Among the early settlers in Huntingdon County was Jacob Neff, who migrated from Lancaster County and made his new location near the forks of the Ju niata River, a short distance above Petersburg. One of his sons was John K. Neff, the subject of this memoir, who was born March 29, 1802, in Huntingdon County. March 26, 1828, he married Susannah, daughter of Maj. John Huyett, of Huntingdon (a native of Mary land, and one of Huntingdon County's early settlers), and with his wife and father-in-law removed in the spring of 1829 to the village of Williamsburg, in Blair County. Huyett & Neff bought the Williams burg mill property, and embarked with a show of much spirit upon the business of milling and mer chandising. Before the completion of the canal Mr. Neff carried on a considerable business in " arking" on the Juniata, and kept himself in a general way sharply busy in pushing the interests of his adopted home to the front. Until within a few years of his death (which occurred Dec. 20, 1876) he was con stantly engaged in active business pursuits, and was one of the leading spirits in the development of Blair County's industries. He was the head of the firm of Neff, Dean & Co., who in 1857 built the Juniata Furnace at Williamsburg, and in 1869 he founded, with other capitalists, the Rome Iron Manufacturing Company of Rome, Ga., for the purpose of erecting at the last-named place an extensive rolling-mill and nail-factory. The enterprise became a successful demonstration, and occupies to-day a prominent place among the important manufacturing industries of that section of the South. Mr. Neff was a man of warm impulses, sanguine and cheerful temperament, and enlarged ideas. Ever alive to the needs of the hour, he was ever ready to exercise judicious enterprise in the development of advanced thought where it concerned business pros perity. He allowed no man to take the lead where it was possible for himself to lead, and so he came to be known as a prominent and substantial factor in 248 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. the commercial and manufacturing world. He was for twenty years an official in the Presbyterian Church, always a church-worker, and a strong example of close attendance upon divine worship. He was fre quently called upon to administer public office in the township, and in that capacity always displayed dis cretion, judgment, and ability. He was much given to travel, and not only visited the South and East at various times, but crossed the continent twice. He loved travel for the sake of that broadening of human purpose that comes through observation beyond the narrow confines of home, and a familiarity through personal contact with the men, manners, and things of far as well as near localities. He lived respected and died sincerely mourned by the members of the community within which he passed the greater por tion of his life. His record is a valuable heirloom to his posterity, to whose heart many of the lessons of which he was the teacher may be proudly and profitably taken. His widow survives him, and in the old mansion at Williamsburg dwells with her children and grandchildren, a worthy member of that guild whose later years abide within the realm of peaceful and comforting old age. Mrs. Neff has passed her seventy-seventh year, but advancing time has rested lightly upon her and left her still well- nigh as bright and active as she was a score of years ago. Her living children are William L. Neff (of Fayette County), Elizabeth H. (widow of Peter Van Devander, late a well-known iron-master), and Emma C. , Banking. — The Williamsburg Bank, controlled by Messrs. Jack, Blair, Watson, Morrow & Co., and of which Col. William Jack has been president and Jobn Clark cashier since its establishment, was es tablished as a branch of the First National Bank of Hollidaysburg, Sept. 25, 1873. A capital of about thirty thousand dollars is used, and it is the only institution of the kind ever existing in the village. John Clark, the well-known Williamsburg banker, was born in Catharine township, Blair Co., Dec. 13, 1833. His father (John), a native of Huntingdon County, on Spruce Creek, was a tanner as well as farmer, and a widely-known citizen of more than common worth. His ancestors on both sides were Scotch-Irish, and ranked among the earliest of the pioneers in the Spruce Creek settlements. John Clark, Jr., was trained to the life of an agri culturist, and passed not only his youth upon the homestead, but all the years of his life until 1873, when he removed to Williamsburg. Thus reared he became, in the nature of things, a true farmer, en dowed with liberal and progressive ideas, and as he sought free contact with the world by travel and ob servation, he kept pace with the advancement of the age, and occupied at all times a broad social and mental level. Upon the death of his father he in herited the home farm, and still owns it. In November, 1873, he was appointed to take charge of the bank then founded in Williamsburg, as a branch of the First National Bank of Hollidaysburg, and since that date has had his home in the village, and continued to administer the affairs of the bank with marked ability. Mr. Clark has filled places of public . trust, and occupied them, it may be added, with conspicuous faithfulness and competency. He was one of the commissioners of Blair County under whose direction the court-house was built, and that the work in which he participated was capably per formed, the magnificent court-house itself bears sub stantial witness. In his native township he was for many years a school director, and in him the cause of public education ever found a zealous advocate, an earnest friend, and stanch supporter. He was reared within the fold of the Presbyterian Church (the church of his fathers), and for twenty years or more he has been a member thereof, and for fifteen years a deacon. As an active laborer in the cause of temperance, Mr. Clark has long been known as one of the most zeal ous. In all measures looking to the advancement of the war upon strong drink, in all efforts calling for a practical encouragement of total abstinence princi ples, he is ever found in the front rank. Since his youth he has been a temperance worker. He ac knowledges with justifiable pride that he has never tasted a drop of intoxicating beverages, has never played a game of cards, and has never used tobacco in any form. The lessons that fashioned his mind to champion the temperance cause were taught him at home in early youth, and later in life became in tensified and firmly fixed by the dictates of his in telligent reason. He is a member of the Blair County Temperance Union, and for about seven years has been a member of the executive committee. The prohibitory law has held full sway in Woodberry township for well-nigh a dozen years, and it is in the contemplation of the fact that he has contributed to aid such a condition of things that Mr. Clark gains much satisfaction. In 1857, Mr. Clark married Mary Jane, daughter of Peter and Jane Sisler, of Catha rine township. Of the six children born to them all are living. Mrs. Clark died May 6, 1873, and in 1874, Mr. Clark married Henrietta Kurtz, of Catharine township. By the second marriage there have been no children. Orphans' Home Lodge, No. 315, I. 0. 0. P., was chartered June 19, 1848, and instituted September 8th of the same year by George R. McFarlane, D. D. G. M., assisted by several other members of Holli daysburg Lodge, No. 119. The first officers installed were Christian Yerger, N. G. ; Jacob S. Shull, V. G. ; George W. Hatton, Sec. ; Jacob N. Shollar, Asst. Sec. ; and William Brenneman, Treas. Others of the charter members were Josiah F. Ellsworth, Joseph Williams, John Sparr, and George W. Hewitt. Since its organiza tion three hundred and thirty-six members have been WOODBERRY TOWNSHIP. 249 initiated, or three hundred and forty-five in all. Eighty-five is the present number of members. The first meeting was held in Col. C. Metz's dwell ing-house, and regular meetings were continued there for about two years, when the old stone church was purchased by the lodge, and used for lodge purposes until 1867, when it was sold to Dr. J. P. Thompson. Meetings were then held in Temperance Hall until Nov. 4, 1869, when the present commodious and beau tiful Odd-Fellows' Hall, having been completed, was dedicated in 1881. The visiting brethren present dur ing the dedicatory ceremonies were District Deputy Grand Master S. I. Fries, who appointed as Grand Chaplain A. J. Middleton, of Bedford ; Grand Mar shal, John Taylor, of Six-Mile Run ; Noble Grand, J. P. Thompson, of Williamsburg ; Herald of the North, Graffius Miller, of Huntingdon Lodge, No. 117 ; Her ald of the South, Thomas McFarlane, of Hollidays burg; Herald of the East, James Blake, of Roaring Spring Lodge, No. 445 ; Herald of the West, W. B. Ketler, of Altoona Lodge, No. 473. For building, furnishing, etc., the lodge expended during the years 1868-69 the sum of two thousand five hundred dollars, Messrs. M. V. Shollar, Thomas Louden, and Josiah F. Ellsworth serving as building committee. In July, 1881, one hundred and forty dol lars were expended for repairs and frescoing, and now the Orphans' Home brethren have one of the most complete and elegant suite of lodge-rooms in the State. The present officers are David M. Thompson, N. G. ; Jacob M. Smith, V. G. ; Martin V. Shollar, Treas. ; James D. Allender, Sec. ; Andrew J. Simms, Asst. Sec; and Archie Bartlebaugh, S. P. G. Regular meetings have been held every Saturday evening since the organization of the lodge. In 1881, John W. Wertz was elected a representative to the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania. Dr. John Ross is known not only all over Blair County, but in the territory that surrounds it. For more than fifty years he has practiced medicine in Huntingdon and Blair Counties, and despite the weight of seventy-seven years still finds himself able to pursue an active practice, and when occasion im peratively demands, to ride the country as was his wont years ago. Within his fifty years of service in Pennsylvania and forty-five in Blair County, Dr. Ross has garnered an experience that falls to the lot of but few men. When he began his professional career in 1832, he rode a circuit that reached twenty miles or more in any given direction, and since that day he has been riding far and near. It is his pride that he has never lost a week in his practice, and it is his further pride to say that as long as he is able he will continue to exercise his active energies as a phy sician. Indeed, he has for so many years ministered to so many families through one and two, and some times three generations, that he would find it hard indeed to retire while able to get about, for the abiding faith is so great, the confidence in his skill so fixed, that to these families his presence in times of sickness has come to be a looked-for circumstance, whose withdrawal would seem too strange to under stand. So Dr. Ross will continue to fulfill his mission as a healer until nature falters weary by the way and ceases to feel the spur of ambition's call or humanity's appeal. That the day may yet be far removed is the general wish wherever the doctor is known ; and in deed his present excellent constitution, his elastic step and brisk animation all tender the promise that he will be spared for many years of usefulness. Dr. Ross was born Sept. 2, 1806, in Indiana County. His father (John Ross) was a native of Juniata County, and came of Scotch-Irish ancestry, a stock that has given much to and done much for Pennsyl vania. John Ross married a Miss Dean, some of whose ancestors were of those who were massacred at Paoli, in Chester County. John Ross, the elder, died in Indiana, June 8, 1846. Of his nine children, four sons are now living. Of these four sons, three are physicians, — John D. Ross, of Williamsburg; Dr. Samuel M. Ross, of Altoona ; and Dr. James Ross, of Clarion County. John D. Ross; the oldest of the sons, was educated at the Indiana Academy, and studied medicine with Dr. James M. Stewart, of In diana (a practitioner in that county for over fifty years). He attended two courses of lectures at the University of Pennsylvania, and graduated March 29, 1832. His first location was Water Street, in Huntingdon County, where he remained six years. In 1838 he saw in Williamsburg an opportunity for a wider field, and accordingly in that year made his home in the village, in which there were at that time two other physicians, Dr. James Trimble and Dr. Jesse Wolf, both of whom are dead. During his residence in Williamsburg he has been called upon from time to time to fill places of local public trust, and although holding that a physician should ever keep himself close to the demands of his profession, he has not forgotten that a citizen owes something to the commonwealth, and so he has often served in township offices, and served too with accept able zeal and fidelity. He was one of the founders of the Blair County Medical Society in 1848, is yet a member, and has at times been its president, vice- president, and treasurer. Since 1850 he has been a member of the State Medical Society, its vice-presi dent in 1864, and its president in 1865. Of the American Medical Association he has been a mem ber since 1854, and in 1876 was a delegate from the State Medical Society to the National Medical Con gress. For some years he has been a member of the Juniata Valley Medical Association; embracing phy sicians from the mouth of the river to the mountain. George Fay, sheriff of Blair County, was born at Williamsburg, Blair County, Jan. 16, 1829, where also his father, Joseph, was born in 1800, and there also died in 1876. Joseph had six sons, — George, 250 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. John, William, James, David, and Robert. Joseph Fay, the elder, married Catharine, daughter of John Miller, a cabinet-maker of Williamsburg. She died in 1872. George Fay remained at home until his marriage in 1852 to Martha K., daughter of Samuel Fluke. For some years after his marriage he was engaged in farming. In 1863 his wife died, and in 1866 he mar ried again, his second wife being Sarah C, daughter of Francis McCoy. By the first marriage there were four children, and by the second two. All are living. In 1866, Mr. Fay went down to Mississippi, and engaged there for a year in the raising of cotton. In 1867 he returned to Blair County, and in 1868 he, with others, organized the Williamsburg Manufac turing Company, and purchased the Juniata Furnace and Mill. Mr. Fay was placed in charge of the business as manager, and for eight years conducted it with skillful ability. He then turned his attention to lumbering and grain-dealing at Williamsburg, and in 1878 associated with him Mr. James Patterson, who is still his partner. In 1882, Mr. Fay was elected upon the Republican ticket to the office of sheriff by a majority of eleven hundred and forty-six over Mer cer Gray. His business interests, consisting of mill ing, lumbering, etc., are looked after by his partner, Mr. Patterson. Mr. Fay is eminently a man of the people. He made his way by hard knocks early in life to a place among substantial men, and learned the lesson of self- reliance in that most valuable of all schools, experi ence. He has been among the people of the county all his life, and his career is familiar to all. That he has worthily earned a place as a representative man is a truth to which the county has already borne abun dant testimony. The Presbyterian Church of Williamsburg was organized1 on the 1st day of May, 1816, by the Rev. James Galbraith, who (it is stated) was settled in Hollidaysburg in the spring of that year. At the time of the organization David Stewart, Alexander Nesbit, Hugh McKillip, and John Fergus were chosen elders. Mr. Stewart was known throughout 1 For many years prior to the organization of this church, however, the people had enjoyed the benefits of Presbyterian preaching. Thin, we learn that as early as 1770 the Rev. John King, then in his youth, who for forty-three years was pastor of the Presbyterian Church of upper West Conococheague (now Mercersburg), in Franklin County, Pa., was sent out by the Presbytery of Carlisle as a supply to visit and preach in the new and destitute settlements of the upper Juniata. It is known that he preached at the houBe of William Holliday, who resided near the present borough of Hollidaysburg, and it is probable that while on the same missionary tour he visited the families of those Presbyterians re siding in the Canoe Valley, and near the present town of Williamsburg. Dr. King afterwards made a second visit through this region on the same errand. After him came Rev. Mr. McDougal, also a member of the Presbytery of Carlisle, who lived and preached in upper Path Val ley, Franklin County. In the year 1784 the church of Hart's Log was organized, out of which the church of Williamsburg ultimately grew, the church of Huntingdon being organized in 1787 and that of Franks- town (now the Hollidaysburg Church) in 1788. the country as " Judge Stewart," and lived on a farm in Catharine township, at present owned by his grandson, Robert Stewart. The judge's father, John Stewart, was the original proprietor of a large body of land in that neighborhood, including that on which the Etna Iron- Works now stands. Judge Stewart was a leading man in his day both in church and state. He was one of the active men of Hart's Log congregation, one of its first board of trustees, and has been a member of the session since 1788. After the organization of the Presbytery of Huntingdon, he was one of the four commissioners who first represented it in the General Assembly. Full of years and honors, he died on the 26th of April, 1826, and was buried in the graveyard of the Hart's Log Church. Of the other three members of the original session of this church, Alexander Nesbit was a justice of the peace, and lived in the village of Williamsburg; Hugh McKillip lived on the farm now owned by the heirs of George Hewitt, on the Piney Creek road lead ing to Springfield Furnace ; while John Fergus lived on a farm on Fox Run, partly in Catharine and Mor ris townships, and adjoining the farm of Thomas Cunning. As nearly as can at present be ascertained, the number of original members was about thirty-five, the most of whom were at one time communicants of the Hart's Log Church. Among them were the fol lowing : David Stewart and Elizabeth, his wife, Alex ander Nesbit, Hugh McKillip and Jane, his wife, John Fergus, James Stewart and Jane, his wife, Wil liam Spear and Jane, his wife, John Carothers and Jane, his wife, James Dunn and Catharine, his wife, Robert Campbell and Rebecca, his wife, Maxwell Kinkead and Deborah, his wife, John Stewart and Elizabeth, his wife, John Martin and Nancy, his wife, Thomas Province and Elizabeth, his wife, Lazarus B. McLain and Ann Catharine, his wife, Mrs. Catharine Jackson, Mrs. Sarah Royer, Mrs. Elizabeth Harris, Mrs. Catharine Whitzel, Miss Margaret Fergus, and Miss Emily Cadwallader. Of these members other than the elders already mentioned, James Stewart, a brother of the judge, lived on the farm recently in the possession of Ste phen Hammond, in Catharine township; William Spear, known as Squire Spear, and Sheriff Spear. lived for many years in Williamsburg, where he died ; John Carothers resided on a farm on Fox Run, ad joining that now owned by Thomas Donnelly's heirs ; James Dunn lived on the farm now owned by his son, Hugh Dunn, in Catharine township ; Robert Camp bell lived on the premises now owned by Henry Har bison, in Woodberry township; Maxwell Kinkead, who was afterwards chosen an elder of this church, lived on the farm known as the " Yellow Springs," in Catharine township; John Stewart, known as Squire Stewart, who also served this church as an elder for about ten years, resided on the farm now WOODBERRY TOWNSHIP. 251 owned by his son, Robert Stewart, in Catharine town ship ; John Martin lived and died in Williamsburg; Thomas Province also lived and died in the same town ; Lazarus B. McLain resided on the farm now owned by John Dean, in Woodberry township ; Mrs. Catharine Jackson, wife of Thomas Jackson, lived in Williamsburg; Mrs. Sarah Royer, wife of Samuel Royer, lived at Springfield Furnace ; Mrs. Elizabeth Harris, wife of William Harris, lived in Williams burg ; Mrs. Catharine Whitzel, wife of Jacob Whit zel, lived on the farm now owned by John Clark, in Catharine township ; Miss Margaret Fergus was a daughter of John Fergus ; and Miss Emily Cadwal lader, a sister-in-law of Maxwell Kinkead, lived in his family at the Yellow Springs. Some time during the year 1824, Judge Stewart, John Stewart, Esq., Robert Campbell, Joseph Roller, and William Spear were appointed a committee to select a site and make arrangements for the erection of a Presbyterian house1 of worship. Jacob Ake, the original proprietor of the town, in accordance with general custom, and following the example of others in like circumstances, donated to the different relig ious denominations of the place each a lot of ground for church purposes. The Presbyterian Church, how ever, in accepting the deed of conveyance paid the proprietor (through their committee) a silver dollar, in accordance with the general practice of the times, and with the prevailing belief that it was necessary to make the contract legal and binding. The lot ob tained on these terms, and situated a short distance north of the present Presbyterian burying-ground, not giving satisfaction to several of those concerned, it was exchanged for another, embracing a portion of the graveyard, adjoining which other ground was afterwards purchased. On this lot, and near the centre of the graveyard, the committee aforesaid con tracted with Adolphus Patterson, for a sum a little exceeding eight hundred dollars, to have built a brick church thirty-five feet wide and fifty feet long, the carpenter-work of which was done by John Bar ber. This was the first Presbyterian Church building erected in this place, the first which the Presbyte rians owned and used as exclusively their own, al though they assisted all the other denominations in erecting their respective houses of worship. This building, never very substantial, either in its founda tion or walls, and requiring support and repairs to make it even safe, was only used by the congrega tion for fourteen or fifteen years, when it was suc- 1 To this time the congregation had been worshiping in a church building that Btood until lately on the lot adjoining the residence of John Metz on the south, and was known during the latter years of its existence as the " Baptist Church." It was erected in the year 1816, and was the first house of worship constructed iu the village. Built by the Presbyterians and Methodists jointly, assisted by other residents of the neighborhood it was occupied by the various Christian denominations of the place until each had supplied themselves with buildings of their ceeded by the more substantial and commodious structure in which they worship to-day. About the year 1827, William Spear, John Stewart, Esq., and Joseph Roller were chosen elders. During the year 1832 the session of the church was increased by the addition of Maxwell Kinkead and Daniel Hewitt, the latter of whom had been an elder in the Presbyterian Church of Alexandria, Pa. Mr. Hewitt resided only a short time here, and then returned within the bounds of the church whence he came. In the year 1834, the same in which Mr. Galbraith left, came Mr. John A. Dunlap, a licentiate, and a stated supply to the church of Hollidaysburg, who served the church of Williamsburg in the same ca pacity for about two years, giving to it one-third of his time. His health being feeble, he was never or dained. In 1837 he went to the West, and became coeditor with the Rev. William D. Smith of The Presbyterian of the West, published in Cincinnati. He died many years ago. He had the reputation of having been a very acceptable and even eloquent preacher. After the departure of Mr. Dunlap this congregation had occasional supplies for about eigh teen months from different members of the Hunting don Presbytery. In the fall of 1837 the Rev. John Peebles, pastor of the churches of Huntingdon and Hart's Log, hav ing resigned his charge of the Hart's Log Church, was engaged to supply the church of Williamsburg for the one-third of his time. It was during Mr. Peebles' labors here, and some time in the year 1838, that Daniel Lower, John Clark, Sr., and Joshua Roller were elected and ordained as elders. The time had now come in the history of this con gregation when its increased numbers and the extent and importance of the field to be cultivated required more extended means to be used, if more successful results were to be secured, — i.e., a new church edifice in a more convenient locality. Accordingly, a build ing committee, of which Joseph Roller, Joshua Rol ler, John Clark, Sr., and Maxwell Kinkead were the members, was appointed, who purchased the two lots on the centre of which the church now stands of John Higgins, for the sum of five hundred dollars. They also entered into a contract with David S. Rhule and Samuel F. Cooper, who jointly obligated themselves to' erect the present building for the sum of two thousand three hundred dollars and the old church, all the good material of which they were al lowed to use in constructing the new building. Dur ing its erection several changes were made in the original plan and specifications, so that the building when completed cost about three thousand five hun dred dollars. The contractors had the brick burned (on the lot where David Shollenberger's orchard now stands) during the summer of 1840, and also prepared other necessary material during the same season. The following summer (1841) this church was built, 252 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. and by the autumn of that season was ready to be used as a house of worship, every part having been completed except the basement or lecture-room, which was also finished during the following winter. The building was scarcely ready for the worship of God when Joseph Roller, an active member of the building committee and also a member of the ses sion, sickened, and after a short illness died on the 30th day of September, 1841. Perhaps no person in the congregation took a deeper interest in the wel fare of the congregation or labored with more zeal and industry to secure the erection of this house than he, and just as his ardent hopes and earnest wishes were being realized he was called away from the ser vice of God on earth. His unexpected and lamented death may indeed have been hastened by his untir ing labor and exposure connected with the comple tion of this building. One of the last acts of his earnest devotedness to its temporal interests was to superintend and assist in procuring and bringing to town the large and beautiful platform stone that is placed at the front door of the church. Amid the noisy demonstrations of many interested and enthu siastic spectators, he drove the long team that hauled the ponderous monster six miles from its bed on the brink of the Juniata River, below the Etna Iron- Works. In less than three months after the death of Mr. Roller, Maxwell Kinkead, another member of the building committee as well as a member of the ses sion, was called to his reward. Mr. Kinkead was distinguished for his integrity of purpose, firmness and decision of character, and general usefulness in the community and church. In the month of October, 1842, this church united with the church in Sinking Valley in giving a unani mous call to the Rev. William J. Gibson to become their pastor, giving the half of his time to each church. This call was accepted, and on the 4th day of November, 1842, he was installed by a committee of the Presbytery of Huntingdon as the first pastor of this church. On the 6th of February, 1843, Joseph Feay and William L. Spear were ordained elders, and on the same day Johnston Moore, David S. Rhule, Robert Alexander, Thomas Cunning, and Samuel Dean were ordained as deacons, being the first board of deacons ever elected and ordained in this church. Dr. Gibson was the pastor from November, 1842, until June, 1852, and rendered universal satisfaction. During his pastorate one hundred and thirty-one members were added, and the highest number re ported at any one time was one hundred and seventy- nine. Daniel Lower, a member of the session, died in 1844, and the same year William L. Spear, also a member of the session, removed. The parsonage was purchased in 1849 by James M. Johnston, Joseph Feay, John K. Neff, Samuel Dean, and Joshua Roller paying one hundred dollars each, while the remaining three hundred of the eight hun dred dollars purchase-money was made up by other members of the congregation. In the month of October, 1852, Mr. John Elliott, a licentiate of the Presbytery of New Lisbon, Ohio, was called to the pastorate of this church. The call was accepted, and he was ordained and iustalled on the 17th day of the following November. He served with great acceptance until April, 1856. During his pastorate there were added to the membership, on ex amination and by certificate, fifty-two. Less than a year after the departure of Mr. Elliott, or in March, 1857, Rev. John Moore, at that time pastor of the Presbyterian Church of Cherry Tree, within the bounds of the Presbytery of Saltsburg, was called to this church, and he accepted. He was installed May 22, 1857, William Spear, John Clark, Sr., Joseph Feay, and Joshua Roller being the elders of the church at that time. Mr. Moore remained as pastor for a period of seven years, the number admit ted to the church during his pastorate being seventy- eight. On the 27th of November, 1859, James M. Kinkead, Jacob M. Sellers, and James Roller were ordained to the office of ruling elders, and at the same time John K. Neff, Josiah F. Ellsworth, and Alexander Rutledge were ordained as deacons. In the summer of 1860 the present church edifice was extensively repaired at a cost of about one thousand dollars. The im provements consisted in extending and remodeling the pulpit, frescoing the walls, repainting the pews and other wood-work. The old spire was removed, and the present taller structure made to take its place. The former bell was also exchanged for the present larger one. The Catharine Church Edifice. — During the same season (1860) a portion of this congregation living in Canoe Valley, with no desire whatever to form a new organization or to be separated from the church in town, were nevertheless firmly impressed with the belief that it would greatly promote their comfort and convenience, afford the opportunity to their fam ilies to attend public worship more frequently, and furnish an inducement to many not now going to any place of worship to become frequenters to the house of God to have a church building erected in their midst, and somewhere in the vicinity of Yellow Springs. Accordingly, with a commendable zeal and much liberality they set themselves to work to secure the ob ject of their earnest wishes. A building committee was appointed consisting of Samuel Isett, James M. Kinkead, and David Stewart, who entered into a written contract with a certain Jacob Baker, of Alex andria, for the erection of a church building at a cost, according to the plan and specifications agreed upon, of three thousand one hundred dollars. This amount, however, by the time the building was finished and furnished, was increased to three thousand eight hun dred dollars as the cost of the completed church. The WOODBERRY TOWNSHIP. 253 lot of ground on which the church stands was donated by Walter Graham ; and thus this plain but neat and substantial church edifice stands a monument to per petuate the zeal, industry, and perseverance of the friends of Zion. John Clark, Sr., who had been an active and use ful member of the session for twenty-five years, and in various other ways and at different times had ac ceptably served tbe church, died on the 28th of Octo ber, 1863. In April, 1864, Mr. Moore resigned charge of this congregation to accept the position of prin cipal of the Mantua Female Seminary of West Philadelphia, and on the 27th of June of the same year the present pastor, Rev. N. G. White, then pas tor of the churches of McConnellsburg, Green Hill, and Wells Valley, in Fulton County, Pa., was called to assume the spiritual oversight of this church. The call being accepted, he was formally installed on the 9th day of November following. On the 30th of October, 1869, Samuel Isett, Thomas Cunning, and John Clark were ordained ruling elders, and on the 14th of December, 1874, Josiah F. Ells worth and William A. McCormick were also added to the eldership. The session of the church at pres ent (1877) consists of Samuel Isett, Thomas Cunning, James Roller, Jacob M. Sellers, John Clark, William A. McCormick, and Josiah F. Ellsworth. Joseph H. Blackburn, William Eicholtz, Joshua H. Roller, and Homer H. Hewitt were added to the number of deacons, and the board in 1877 was com posed of Samuel Dean, David S. Rhule, Alexander Rutledge, Joshua H. Roller, Joseph H. Blackburn, William Eicholtz, and Homer H. Hewitt. Since 1864 three of the ruling elders have died, viz. : William Spear, Aug. 3, 1865 ; Joshua Roller, Dec. 17, 1870 ; and Joseph Feay, Nov. 22, 1876. John K. Neff, a member of the board of deacons,' died on the 20th of December, 1876. The membership of the church at the commence ment of the present pastorate numbered one hundred and eighteen. Since that time to July, 1877, there were added one hundred and sixty-four. At the date last mentioned there were about two hundred mem bers. (From a history of this church prepared by the Rev. N. G. White in 1877.) The Methodist Episcopal Church.— The early history of this organization, as well indeed as its his tory during years quite recent, is involved in no little doubt and obscurity by reason of the lack of available written or printed records. It is traditionary, how ever, among those best informed on this topic— the grandchildren of the founder of the village— that about the year 1800 missionaries or circuit-riders of the Methodist Episcopal faith found their way to the little village established but a few years previously by Jacob Ake. Although reared as a Catholic, Mr. Ake greeted them cordially, invited them to partake of his hospitality, and arranged the second story of his dwelling for a place of holding public worship. Soon after a class was organized, Mr. Ake1 and others of his family becoming members, and Akes- town, or Williamsburg, became a regular appoint ment. About 1816 this class had so increased in numbers and importance that, in conjunction with other denominations, a small brick church edifice was erected. Its interior arrangement, though, was of the most primitive style. For sittings logs were placed at proper intervals upon the floor, and upon these, transversely, were laid slabs from the saw-mill, thus forming seats not the most convenient for " nodding" during long, uninteresting sermons. This building was the first house of worship erected in Williams burg, and was built by the Presbyterians and Meth odists jointly, assisted by non-denominational resi dents of the neighborhood. It was occupied for several years by the various Christian denominations of the town until each supplied themselves with a place of worship of their own, — the German Reformed in 1822, the Methodists in 1831, and the Lutherans in 1837. It was then purchased by the Baptists, and thence forth was exclusively used by them, and bore their name. About the year 1830 the brick church just men tioned was sold to the Baptists, and the following year the Methodists erected a house of worship on the hill on grounds now owned by James E. Defabaugh. It also was constructed of brick, and the ground plan occupied a space of about forty by sixty feet, but about twenty years later it seemed to be inadequate for the purposes required, and in 1854 the present church edifice was completed at a cost of about ten thousand dollars, the vacated structure being demolished. From the organization of the society to the year 1837 no records have been preserved, or at least none can be found in the hands of present officials. A fragmentary record, beginning at the latter date, how ever, shows that in 1837 Rev. John Miller was the presiding elder, Eev. Josiah Forrest preacher in charge, and Rev. Robert Beers junior preacher. The same ministers continued through a portion of 1838, and were then succeeded, Mr. Forrest by Rev. Wil liam Butler, and Mr. Beers by Rev. George D. Chene- worth. In 1839, Rev. William Butler was the preacher in charge ; Rev. S. V. Blake, junior preacher. They were succeeded in 1840 by Rev. James Sanks, preacher in charge, and Rev. W. T. D. Clemm, junior preacher, Rev. John Miller still continuing as presiding elder. For the year 1841 the records show the following to have been the stations or' places where meetings were held in the Williamsburg Circuit, viz. : Smith's, Allegheny, Sarah Furnace, Woodberry, Kings' Forge, Hopewell, Loysburg, Blake's, Akers', Gibboney's, Maria Forge, Rebecca Furnace, Weston's, Ganoe's, Myerley's, Reigart's, Lysinger's, Fluck's, Cove Forge, Springfield, Franklin Forge, Byers', and Union Fur- tit is a mooted question whether Mr. Ake became a Methodist prior or subsequent to hia settlement at Williamsburg, but all authorities agree that originally he was a member of the Catholic Church. 254 HISTORY OF BLAIR COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. nace, the members of the official list at the same time being Rev. George Hildt, presiding elder ; Rev. James Sanks, preacher in charge ; Rev. Elisha Butler, junior preacher ; Burdine Blake and Daniel Bloom,, local preachers ; S. R. Stevens, Henry Reigart, Emanuel Gibboney, Dr. S. S. Dewey, and S. Hoover, stewards ; John Long, John Hagy, and Thomas Weston, ex- horters; William Lysinger, William Larkins, Wil liam Kennedy, Henry Swartz, Thomas K. Fluck, John Hamilton, Samuel Ferguson, Elijah Boring, John Shade, Joseph Akers, George Myerley, Wil liam Cox, Aaron Byers, John Crissman, Gideon Trout, Robert Potter, Peter Mobley, and George Speice, leaders. Since 1841 the preachers in charge and junior preachers, so far as we have been able to obtain correct data, have been as follows : Henry G. Dill, preacher in charge, William Fisher, junior preacher, 1842 ; James Brads, preacher in charge, Matthew A. Turner, junior preacher, 1843; Wesley Howe, preacher in charge, Charles McClay, junior preacher, 1844 ; Wes ley Howe, preacher in charge, Adam Barloe, junior preacher, 1845; Joseph S. Lee, preacher in charge, Samuel Baird, junior preacher, 1846 ; Joseph S. Lee, preacher in charge, and Plummer Waters, junior preacher, 1847; E. W. Kirby, preacher in charge, 1862-63; Justus A. Melick, 1864; Thomas Barnhart, 1865-66; William Guinn, 1867-68; John Stine, 1869-70; William M. Meminger, 1871-72; J. W. Cleaver, 1873-74 ; J. W. Haughawout, 1875-76 ; R. H. Wharton, 1877-78 ; and Rev. William W. Dunmire, the present pastor, since 1879. Mr. Dunmire is also the proprietor and editor of the Williamsburg Inde pendent, a weekly family newspaper, which was es tablished by him in May, 1881. The Baptist Church. — This church was organized with twenty members in 1829, and received into the Juniata Association the same year. Father Thomas Williams was the first Baptist preacher to hold meet ings here. Those who followed him were Revs. David Williams, 1834-36; W. M. Jones, 1841-42; W. B. Bingham, 1843 ; J. R. Morris, 1846 ; and J. B. Wil liams, 1847-50. As mentioned in the histories of the Presbyterian and Methodist Churches, the small brick building erected in 1816, the first church edifice built in the village, finally became the property of . the Baptists, and was used by them as long as they maintained an organization. For some years the church reported by letter, but by removals very few were left, and in 1862 it was dropped from the rolls of the Association. A few , years afterwards the trustees sold the material of the , old house of worship, but held the lot. The whole , number baptized during the existence of the church was eighty-five, sixteen of them prior to 1830. Jesse R. Hampson, who was born in Huntingdon County in 1804 and died in the year 1838, after having at tended school at Haddington and under appointment as a missionary to Burmah, was from this church. Zion's Evangelical Lutheran Church.— Deriving but little assistance from those connected with this congregation, we are enabled, however, to furnish the following information : It appears that as early as 1820 the Lutherans main tained a small organization in Williamsburg, held meetings in the school-house, and listened to the preaching of Rev. Mr. Schmick, or Schmidt. After the erection of the German Reformed church edifice in 1822, it was occupied jointly by that denomination and the Lutherans until the building of the Lutheran house of worship in 1837. Meanwhile, Rev. Jacob Martin1 had become the pastor. The house erected in 1837 cost about four thousand dollars. A Mr. Bender performed the carpenter work, and Messrs. George W. Smith, George Schmucker, and William Bell were the building committee. This edi fice was dedicated June 18, 1837, the clergymen present being Rev. G. A. Reinhart, from Kittanning ; Rev. S. R. Boyer, from Mifflintown ; and Rev. C. Guenther, from Newry. At the same time the church councils were composed of George Schmucker and Jacob Duck, elders ; George W. Smith, William Bell, Adam Shaf fer, and Abraham Shenefelt, wardens; and Rev. Jacob Martin, pastor. In 1839 there were one hundred and sixty members, and in 1842 three hundred and forty-five. On the 6th of May, 1879, the congregations composing the Williamsburg charge purchased from George W. Roller two lots, for the purpose of erecting thereon a parsonage. The amounts paid in by the various or ganizations were as follows : Lutheran congregation at Williamsburg, $1082.13; St. John's, at Clover Creek, $360.40; and Henry's, at Yellow Springs, $257.47. The present house of worship was dedicated Oct. 16, 1881, having been reconstructed upon the founda tion walls of the old building at a cost of five thou sand dollars. Rev. J. M. Rice, present pastor (who is to remove June 1, 1882), has been here since May, 1876. He succeeded Rev. J. N. Unruh, who served from Nov. 1, 1870, to Dec. 31, 1875, the latter's pre decessor having been the Rev. Mr. McHenry. The membership of the charge is as follows : Williams burg, 129; St. John's, at Clover Creek, 103; Henry's, at Yellow Springs, 76 ; Luther Chapel, at Clapper- town, 34. Meetings are held at Williamsburg three times in four weeks, and at the other stations twice in four weeks. Dr. John George Schmucker was born in the duchy of Darmstadt, Germany, in 1771, and came to this country with his parents in 1785, who, after having lived in Northampton and Lancaster Counties for two years, moved to Shenandoah County, Va. He began his studies for the ministry under Rev. Paul Henkle, but in 1790 he repaired to Philadelphia, and became the student of Rev. Drs. Helmuth and 1 Mr. Martin was succeeded by Mr. Eyster. WOODBERRY TOWNSHIP. 255 Schmidt, where he remained two years. In 1792 he took pastoral charge of several congregations in York County. During his residence here he continued the study of the Hebrew language and of theology, with the aid of the Rev. Mr. Goering, who was then the pastor at York. In 1792 he accepted a call to Hagerstown, Md., in his twenty-second year. So youthful was his ap pearance, and so pale and emaciated his face, that he was sportively designated the boy preacher. At the death of Dr. Kunze, in 1807, he was called to succeed him in the city of New York, which call he declined. In 1809 he became the successor of Mr. Goering, in thft-borough of York, where he remained until 1852, when he removed to Williamsburg, Pa., where several of his children resided, and where he died in October, 1854, in the eighty-fourth year of his age, and was buried in York. In 1825 he received the degree of D.D. from the University of Pennsylvania. His son, Mr. George Schmucker, was born in Hagerstown, Md., Jan. 29, 1797, moved to Martinsburg, Blair Co., in 1819, where he remained but three months, then removed to Williamsburg, Blair Co., where he was engaged in mercantile business two years. In 1821 he became the partner of Mr. John Royer, manufac turer of bar-iron at Cove Forge, where he remained thirty-three years in business. In 1855 he moved to Tipton, Cedar Co., Iowa, his present home. He was married to Mary Royer (sister of Mr. John Royer) in 1820. Mr. Samuel R. Schmucker, son of the last named, has for some years been manager for Mr. John Royer at Cove Forge. INDEX OF BLAIR COUNTY. A. Altoona, city of, 135. pioneers of, 138. Simpson Methodist Episcopal Church, 176. African Methodist Episcopal Church, 176. Fourth Evangelical Lutheran Church, 176. Christ Reformed Church, 176. Guards, 164. Church of God, 177. Roman Catholic Church, 178, 179. Hebrew Synagogue, 179. Cemeteries, 179. Iron Company, 134. Fire-Clay Works, 134. "publications, 18, 19. first railroad depot in, 141. pioneer taverns, 141. early tradesmen of, 142. borough organization of, 146. civil list of, 147. city organization of, 148. civil list of, 148. notable events in, 149. fire department of, 151. water- and gas-works, 154. conflagrations in, 154. post-offices at, 155. banking in, 155. banks of, 156. car-works in, 157. Iron Company of, 157. Planing-Mills, 157. Hardware Company, 157. • societies of, 158. Encampment, I. 0. 0. F., 159. Lodge No. 473, 1. 0. 0. F., 160. Mechanics' Library and Reading-Room As sociation, 163. Young Men's Christian Association, 163. military company, 164. street railway, 165. schools, 166. Union Church and school-house, 167. school buildings and teachers, 167. churches, 170. First Baptist Church, 170. Second Baptist Church, 171. First Presbyterian Church, 172. German Evangelical Lutheran Church, 175. Methodist Episcopal Church, 175. Albright, Christian, 205. Attorneys of Tyrone, 211. List of, 9, 10, 11. Almshouse, county, 14. Adams, Nathan B,., 22. Amey, George F., 22. Ake, Josepli H., 22. Arnold, James F., 22. Appleby, David J., 22. Agricultural society, 24. Allegheny township, 2i. Q Allegheny township, early residents of, 27. erection of, 28. residents in 1794, 28. residents in 1810, 28. residents in 1820, 29. residents in 1831, 30. officers 1794-1881, 31, 32, 33. villages, 33. manufacturing interests, 33. Allegheny Furnace, 133. Alleman, Jacob, 140. Associate judges, 9, 15. Amelia Lodge, No. 76, 1. 0. 0. F., 159. Axe and pick manufactory, 134. Antes township, 36. early residents, 37. erection of, 37. taxables in 1811,37. taxables in 1820, 38. taxables in 1830, 39. officers 1810-1881 40, 42. early merchants, 42. villages, 42. religious history, 45. Armstrong, Col. John, 95. Assessment of Frankstown, 1788, 101. Appleby, Dr. D. J., 113. Anderson, John, 131. Anderson, Samuel, 131. B. Blair County Medical Society, 21. physicians, 21. Banking Co., 206. Blair, Samuel S., 82. Blair, Rev. David, 82. Blair townBhip, history of, 47. early residents, 47. erection of, 48. residents in 1840, 48-50. officers 1839-1881, 50, 51. villages, 51. residents in 1848, 51, 52. early schools and teachers, 55. physicians, 55. Black, Judge J. S., 8, 14. Banks, Hon. Thaddeus, 8. Bridenbaugh, Philip, 234. Banking in Williamsburg, 248. in Altoona, 155. Bethany Circle, No. 20, B. U., 161. Band, Crystal Spring, 215. Bobb, Col. Alexander, 222. Bare, D. M., 223. Barrick, Dr., 209. Bennington village, Allegheny township, 35. Furnace, 35. Bower, Dr. Charles, 209. Beach, Lewis U., 22. Brehman, George E., 22. Burkhart, Simon P., 22. Bloom, Homer C, 22. Brethren, United, Church of, 177. the, 178. Bulick, Thomas M., 22. Bonebreak, Daniel W., 22. Borough of Tyrone, 196. Burley, Jacob, 197. Burley, Isaac, 197, 233. Burley, John, 197. Burley, Henry C, 197. BusinesB interests of Tyrone, 204. Brumbaugh, D. S., 223. Brombach, Jacob, 223. Busiuess men of Roaring Spring, 223. Butler, Dr. L. F., 113. Bennett, John, 117. Bard, Rev. David, 60. Beyer, David, 44. Beyer, Aaron, 44. Beyer, F D., 44. Beyer, William M., 144. Bell, William, 129. Bell, George T., 130. Bell's Mills, Antes township, 42. Bell, James M., 80. Bald Eagle Building and Loan Association, 207; Tannery, 213. Forge, 194. Buck, Michael J., 140. Black, Michael F., 22. Burket, Dr. George W., 209. Burket, Peter, 234. Burket, George W., 22. Baptist Church, Woodberry, 254. First, of Altoona, 171. First, of Hollidaysburg, 91. Antes township, 45. Duncansville, 35. Civil changes, 5. Courts and attorneys, 8. Cases, variouB, tried, 9. County buildings, 12. description of, 13. dedication of, 13. officers, 15, 16. societies, 24. jail, 67. Cavins, Samuel R., 22. Confer, David C, 22. Crbsthwaite, D. Wilmot, 22. Clark, Rowan, 22. Church, Baptist, Duncansville, 35. Lutheran, Duncansville, 35. Presbyterian, Duncansville, 35. Baptist, Antes township, 45. Methodist Episcopal, Antes township, 46. Presbyterian, Antes township, 46. Lutheran, Antes township, 47. St. Patrick's, Newry, 55. Lutheran, Newry, 56. Presbyterian, of Hollidaysburg, 89. 257 258 INDEX OF BLAIR COUNTY. Church, First Lutheran, of Hollidaysburg, 90. First Baptist, of Hollidaysburg, 91. St. Mary's Roman Catholic, of Hollidays burg, 91. - - Methodist Episcopal, of Hollidaysburg, 92. St. Michael's Roman Catholic, of Hollidays burg, 93. Methodist Episcopal, 113. Lutheran, Freedom, 114. United Brethren, Freedom, 114. German Reformed, Greenfield, 121. Methodist Episcopal, Greenfield, 121. Lutheran, Huston, 124. Lutheran, First, of Altoona, 170. Lutheran, Second, of Altoona, 170. St. James' German Evangelical Lutheran, 170. First Baptist, Altoona, 171. Second Baptist, Altoona, 171. First Presbyterian, Altoona, 172. Second PreBbyterian, Altoona, 172. St. Luke's ProteBtant Episcopal, Altoona, 174. First Methodist Episcopal, Altoona, 175. Simpson Methodist Episcopal, Altoona, 176. Fourth Evangelical Lutheran, Altoona, 176. of God, Altoona, 177. United Brethren, 177. the Brethren, 178. St. John's Roman Catholic, 178. St. Mary's Roman Catholic, 179. Lutheran, North Woodberry, 191. German Reformed, North Woodberry, 190. _^- Methodist Episcopal, North Woodberry, 191, of God, North Woodberry, 191. German Reformed, Millerstown, 192. Methodist Episcopal, Tyrone, 216. Presbyterian, Tyrone, 217. Zion's German Evangelical Lutheran, Ty rone, 218. First English Evangelical Lutheran, Ty rone, 218. United Brethren in Christ, Tyrone, 218. Baptist, Tyrone, 218. Methodist Episcopal, Taylortownship,227. of God, 228. St. Luke's Evangelical Lutheran, 228. German Reformed, Taylor townBhip, 228. St. John's Evangelical Lutheran, 236. St. Luke's Roman Catholic, 236. Sinking Valley Reformed, 237. Presbyterian, Williamsburg, 250. Methodist Episcopal, Woodberry, 253. Baptist, of Woodberry, 254. Christy, John T., 22. Christy, Francis X., 138. Christy family, 138. Christy, Dr. J. T., 139. Christy, Dr. H., 209. Cassidy, Patrick, 54. Calvin, Samuel, 80. Curry, Hon. J. W., 84. Catharine township, 94. early settlers, 95. taxables in 1846, 98. officers, 98. Claysburg village, 117. Claysburg Lodge, I. O. O. F., 120. Coleman family, 128. Crenson Council, No. 108, J. O. U. A. M., 160. Christ Reformed Church, 176. Cemeteries of Altoona, 179. Clover Creek Church, 192. Crawford, William, 199. Crawford, Robert, 199, 200. Crawford, James, 199, 231, 232. Calderwood, Dr. A. P., 209. Clark, Dr. Rowan, 209. Crystal Spring Band, 215. Cemetery Association, Tyrone, 219. Cove Forge, 238. Clark, John, Jr., 248. Clark, John, 248. Clark, John, Sr., 253. Catharine Church edifice, 252. D. Dean, Hon. John, 8, 83. Dean, extracts from address by Hon. John, 11, 13. Dean family, 95. Duncansville, 33. Davidsburg village, Antes township, 45. Dorris, William, 80. Dibert, Frederick, 115. Dively, Augustus V., 144. Degree of Rebekah, I. O. 0. F., 159. Dysart, James H., 173. District attorneys, 15. Dunkard Church, Martinsburg, 192. E. East Freedom village, 111. Early hiBtory of Martinsburg, 187. North Woodberry, 184. East Tyrone, 195. Early settlement of Roaring Spring, 224. Bettlers of Williamsburg, 245. Educational of Altoona, 166. Martinsburg, 188. Tyrone township, 236. Eleanor Lodge, No. 21, 1. O. O. F., 159. Ettinger, Samuel, 142. Etowah Iron-Works, 34. Elway, James, 141. Ettinger, Samuel, 205. Evans, Dr. H. J., 209. Evans, Henry J., 22. Ewing, C. M., 22. Ewing, Dr. C. M., 209. F. Fay, George, 249. Feay, John, 23. Fettinger, Henry, 139. Fencibles of Hollidaysburg, 71. Fetter, Michael, Sr.,48. Financial condition of county, 15. Figart, Benjamin, 143. Findley, William M., 23. Fiuley, William Robinson, 136. Fires in Hollidaysburg, 70, Fire department, Altoona, 151. First National Bank of Hollidaysburg, 76. First National Bank of Altoona, 155. First railroad depot in Altoona, 141. First Baptist Church of Altoona, 171. First Presbyterian Church of Altoona, 172. First Methodist Episcopal Church of Altoona, 175. Fire department of Tyrone, 202. First Evangelical Lutheran Church of Tyrone, 218. Foot of Ten, village of, 35. Fredericksburg, village of, 190. Freeholders of Tyrone in 1787, 230. Fleck, George, 233. Fourth Evangelical Lutheran Church, 176. Fulton, John F., 22. Fundenburg, Walter F., 23. Funk, James, 34. Fostoria, village of, 44. ' Frankstown township, 99. early settlers, 99. assessment 1788, 101. taxables 1800, 104. taxables 1810, 104. taxables 1820, 104. taxables 1830, 105. village, 106. merchants, 106. Furnace, 106. township officers 1788-1881, 107. Freedom township, 109. early settlers, 109. residents in 1800, 110. township officers, 110. villages, 111. iron manufacturing, 113. physicians, 113. early school-teachers, 113. G. Gamble, James E., 23. Gardner, Robert, 35. Gardner, Morrow & Co., 76. Gas-works, Altoona, 154. Gas-works, Hollidaysburg, 67. Geesey, Charles, 87. Geesey, Michael, 87. Geesey family, the, 101. Gemmill, Jacob M., 23. Gemmill, Dr. J. M., 209. German Reformed Church, North Woodberry, 190. Graham, David M., 23. Grand Army, W. G. Murray Post, No. 39, of, 79. Grove, George W,, 23. Grier, George W., 106. German Reformed Church, Taylor township, 228. General industries of Tyrone townBhip, 235. Gibboney, John M., 33. Gibboney Foundry, 34. Green, Andrew^ 135. God, Church of, Altoona, 177. God, Church of, North Woodberry, 191. God, Church of, 228. Grazierville, village of, 195. Gwinn, Judge, 198. Gaysport borough, 51. officers of, 52. finances for 1882, 52, 53. manufacturing interests, 53. population in 1835, 63. Greenfield township, 114. early Bettlers, 114. taxables of 1846, 115. township officers of 1847, 81, 116. township finances of 1882, 117. villages in, 117. early merchants of, 119. physicians of, 119. early teachers of, etc., 120. German Reformed Church of, 121. Methodist Episcopal Church of, 121. H. Hartzell, Henry L., 23. Hall, William D., 23. Hall, Mary E. L., 23. Hays, David S., 23. Hartman, Samuel B., 23. Hartman, Jesse L., 112. Halfpenny, Col. John H., 41. Hawksworth, George, 140. Hewitt, Peter, and family, 59. Heess, Albert F., 143. Henrietta, village of, 190. INDEX OF BLAIR COUNTY. 259 Haberacker, Dr. E. 0. M., 209. Kossuth in Hollidaysburg, 67. McKinney, Rev. David, 85. Hileman, Michael, 141. Keatley, John S., 83. McKee's Gap, 112. Herr, Franklin P., 23. Kinkead, Maxwell, and family, 96, 262. McCartney, John, 139. Hofius, D. H., 83. Kephart, George W., 111. McCartney family, 139. Hebrew Synagogue, 179. Kerr, Bernard, 141. McCartneyville, 141. Hoover, A. B., 205., Kessler, George W., 142. McClelland, J. D., 146. Hoover, Rndolph S., 226. Keystone Zouaves, Altoona, 165. Mechanics' Savings-Bank, Altoona, 166. Houser, Jacob, 219. Kyle, Samuel, 232. McLain, Mordecai, 233. Houser, Martin, 219. L. McMullen, Peter, 233. Humes, James, M.D., 86. Landis, A. S., 83. McVey, Dr. J. T., 209. Humes, James R., 23. Landis, Joseph A., M.D., 23, 84. McClellan, Dr. , 209. Holliday, Adam, 57, 59, 60. Land-owners, pioneer of Catharine township, McCoy, John C, 24. Holliday, William, 57, 59. 97. Moore, Joseph, 232. Holliday, William, and others, petition of, 59. Larcomb, Howard, 145. Moore, Col. James, 232. Holliday, John, and family, 59. Laurelville P. 0., 235. Moore, Maxwell K., 100. Hollidaysburg borough, 56. Levingood, Wellington Y., 24. Moore family, 100. historical facts of, 57. Livingston, Jeremiah K., 24. Morrow, Robert, 232. first settlement of, 57. Location of Blair County, 3. Mountain Chapter, No. 189, R. A. M., 158. original lot-owners of, 60, 61. Logan, John, 24. Mountain Council, No. 9, R. S. E. and S. M., 158. view of in 1814, 61. Lowther, Jamea, 42. Mountain Commandery, No. 10, K. P., 158. population in 1835, 63. Louden, William, 135. Mountain City Lodge, No. 837, 1. 0. of 0. F., 159. residents in 1834-36, 63. Louden family, 137. Mountain City Council, No. 198, 0. U. A. M., 160. charter election of 1834, 64. Logan Rangers, 164. Merchants, early, Allegheny township, 36. floods at in 1838, 64. Lyon, William M. & Co., 194, 198. Municipal government of Tyrone, 201. financial, 1844, 64. Logan Lodge, No. 79, K. of P., 161. MoseB Monteflore Lodge, No. 308, 1. 0. B. B., 159. assessment- roll of 1846, 65. Lindsey, George W., 35. MyBtic Castle, No. 27, A. 0. K. of the M. 0, 162. Kossuth in, 67. Lowrey, Lazarus, 58. Musical organizations, 163. gas-works, 67. Lloyd, Alexander M.,72. Military organization of Altoona, 164. female seminary, 67. Lloyd's and Moore'B, 82. of Hollidaysburg, 70. official list, 67, 68. Legal profession of Hollidaysburg, 80. Murray, William G., Post G. A. R., 79. postmasters, 68. Lingenfelter, Valentine, 114. members of, 80. fire department, 68. Logan township, 127. Murray, William, 142. conflagrations in, 69. early settlers, 127, 131. Medical profession, 21. water supply, 70. erection of, 131. Mineral resources, 4. military, 70. change lines of, 132. Miller, Professor John, 169. manufacturing interests of, 74. residents of in 1851, 132. Murphy, Michael 0, 111. banks of, 76. officers 1851-81, 133. Miller, Edwin S., 24. secret associations of, 76. manufacturing in, 133. Millerstown Church (G. R.), 192. Assembly, No. 11, A. O. of M. P., 78. Lutheran Church, First, of Altoona, 170. village, North Woodberry, 190. legal profession of, 80. Second, of Altoona, 170. MethodiBt Episcopal Church, Antes township, Huston township, 122. of North Woodberry, 191. 46. early settlers, 122. of Duncansville, 35. Antes township, 191. taxables in 1844, 123. of Newry, 56. Freedom, 113. officers 1843-81, 123. First, of Hollidaysburg, 90. Hollidaysburg, 92. change of boundary line of, 124. of Freedom, 114. Tyrone, 216. Lutheran Church of, 124. of Huston, 124. Taylor township, 227. I. M. Woodberry, 253. Irwin, Robert C, 23. Martinsburg village, 187. N. Irwin, Crawford, 23. early history of, 187. Newry, borough of, 53. Irwin, James, 85. residents of in 1846, 188. early history of, 53. Irwin, Crawford, M.D., 85. borough officers, 188. borough, first charter election, 55. Ickes, Dr. John L., 140. educational, 188, 189. subsequent officers, 55. Isenberg, Dr. J. W., 141. physicians, 189. physicians, 55. Iron manufacturing of Taylor township, 221. newspapers, 189. present business men, 55. Isett, Jacob, 233. Bank, 189. churches, 55, 56. Insurance societies, 24. Martinsburg newspapers, 20. North Woodberry township, 180. Inn-keepers, Allegheny township, 36. Martin, Dr., 209. early history, 184. J. Martin, John, petition of, 184. early settlers of, 185. Judges, president, 8. Judges, associate, 9. Jacobs, Henry, 23. Junkin, Rev. David X., 89. Juniata township, 124. Mauk family, 117. Mauk, George W., 119. Manufacturing in Altoona, 156. residents of in 1846, 185. officers, 186. Newton, Wesley, 205. Manufacturing, Tyrone, 212. Neff, Jacob, 224. Manufacturing interests of Snyder townBhip, 194. Neff, Johnston & Dean, 247. Neff, John K., 247. early settlers, 125. taxables in 1848, 125. Mann, William & Co., 195. Neff, Daniel J., 143. inn-keepers in 1848, 126. township officers 1848-81, 126. Juniata Collegiate Institute, 189. Juniata Rifles, 71. Juniata. Lodge, No. 282, F. and A. M., 78. Johnston, John W., 23. Johnston, Dr. J. W., 119- Maria Forge, 109. Martha Forge, Freedom township, 113. Matthias, John T., 198. McFarlane, George R., 9. O. Officers of Altoona borough, 147. City, 148. McCormick, Joseph, 111. - Street Railway, 165. McLanahan, J. King, 75. of Catharine township 1846-81, 98. McLanahan, J. C, 53. of county, year of election, 15, 16. McConnell, Henry, 54. of Frankstown 1788-1881, 107. Jones, Enos M., 138. K. Mcintosh, Malcolm, 54. of Freedom township 1858-81, 110. Kennedy, Charles V. B., 23. McCoy, William R., 63. of Greenfield township 1788-1881, 107. McAllister, Hon. H. N., 84. of Hollidaysburg borough, 67, 68. Keely, Michael, 53. 260 INDEX OF BLAIR COUNTY. Officers of Huston township 1843-81, 123. of Juniata township 1848-81, 126. of Logan township 1851-81, 133. of Snyder township, 193. of Tyrone borough, 201. Bchool board, 216, township, 234. of Woodberry township, 243. Organization of Altoona borough, 146. of county, 5. Original lot-owners in Hollidaysburg, 60, 61. Odd-Fellows, Appalachian Encampment, No. 69, of, 77. Hollidaysburg Lodge, No. 119, of, 76. Irene Lodge, No. 98, of, 77. Martinsburg, 192. Orphans' Home Lodge, No. 315, of Wil liamsburg, 248. Ore Hill Church, 228. village, 228. P. Population of county in 1880 by townships, 8. Press of Blair County, 17. Piper, Henry B., 24. Portage Iron-Works, 33. Price-list of groceries in 1834 and 1881, 62. Population of Hollidaysburg in 1835, 63. of Gaysport in 1835, 63. . Portage Lodge, No. 220, F. and A.M., 77. Porter, William A., 80. Pheasant, Samuel, 85. Pringle, Capt. John S., 103. Puzzletown village, 113. Post-office, Altoona, 155. Protho notaries, 15. Pennsylvania Railroad shops, 180. Pruner, Edmund J., 197. Pruner, David I., 198. Pruner family, 198. Press of Tyrone, 208. Physicians of Tyrone borough, 209. Piper, Dr. Henry B., 209. Piper family (H. B.), 210. Planing-mills of Tyrone, 212. Paper-mill, Tyrone, 213. Public schools of Tyrone, 216, 237. Pioneer settlers of Tyrone township, 230. Phillips, Capt. William, 239. Presbyterian Church, WilliamBburg, 250. Tyrone, 217. Martinsburg, 192. First, of Altoona, 172. Second, of Altoona, 172. Hollidaysburg, 89. Antes township, 46. Duncansville, 36. R. Railroads, present, 4. Railroad war in 1850-51, 71. Men's Christian Association, 164. shops, Altoona, 180. interests of Tyrone, 211, Rea, James D., 9. Religious history of Antes township, 45. Reamey, Daniel K., 88, Rececca Furnace, 122, Registers and recorders, 15. Besidents of Taylor township in 1856, 220. of Tyrone borough in 1868, 200. Ross, Samuel McNutt, 24. Ross, John D., 24. Ross, William S., 24. Ross, Dr. John, 229. Ier Wi lliara C, 24. Boiler, Jacob, 230. Robison farm-house, Altoona, 136. RobiBon, David, 135. Roedell, Dr. Henry A., 209. Roberts, Dr. , 209. Roaring Spring village, early Bettlers of, 224. village of, 222. Roller, Joseph, 97. Rohrer, Hon. Jacob A., 86. Royer, Samuel M., 189. Royer, John, 238. Rodman Furnace, 224. Russell, Hon. Samuel L., 84. Rising Sun Circle, B. U. (H. F.), No. 50, 161. Roman Catholic Church, Tyrone, 217. Sarah Furnace, Greenfield township, 115, 121. Schriver, Dr. A. T., 113. Schools of Altoona, 166. School officers of Tyrone, 216. Schools of Tyrone township, 237. Secret societies, Taylor township, 226. orders of Tyrone, 214. Settlement of Hollidaysburg, 57. Second Baptist Church of Altoona, 171. Stewart, Rev. J. D., 199. Stewart, Robert, 231. Stewart, J. P., 231. Stewart, James E., 236, 250. Stewart, John, 251. Stewart, James P., 73. Study Mining Company, 194. Study, E. L., 199. Study Brothers & Co., 250. Study & Co., mines, etc., 214. Staj'er, Andrew S., 24. Stayer, Dr. Andrew S., 224. Schmucker, J. G., 254. St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church, Hollidays burg, 91. St. Michael's Roman Catholic Church, Holli daysburg, 93. St. James' German Evangelical Lutheran Church of Altoona, 171, 175. St. John's Literary and Beneficial Society, 163. St. Luke's Protestant Episcopal Church, Al toona, 174. St. John's Roman Catholic Church, 178. St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church, 179. St. Matthew's Roman Catholic Church, Tyrone, 217. St. Luke's Evangelical Lutheran Church, Tay lor township, 228. St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church, Ty rone, 236. St. Luke's Roman Catholic Church, Tyrone township, 236. St. Patrick's Church, Newry, 55. Steam Boiler- Works, Tyrone, 213. Sheridan Troop, TyroDe, 215. Shanefelt, Jacob, Sr., 220. Shoenberger, Dr. Peter, 221. Sharpsburg, village of, 228. Sheriffs of Blair County, 15. * Shock, Daniel, 118. Shaw, Edmund, 144. Shultz, Albert, 145. Smith & Wood, letter of, to Wharton, 184. Smith, Richard, 143. Smith, Levi, 85. Smith, George W., M.D., 85, 86. Smith, James M., 24. Smith, George W., 24. Simpson Methodist Episcopal Church, Altoona, 176. Simonton family, 95. Silver Gray Club, members of, 162. Sinking Run Tannery, 213. Sinking Valley Reformed Church, Tyrone, 237. Springfield Furnace, 238. Spang, Hon. George H., 226. Swoope, Orlando L., 205. Synagogue, Hebrew, 179. Snyder township, 192. taxables in 1842, 193. civil organization, 193. officers of, 193. manufacturing interests, 194. T. Taylor township, 219. early settlers, 219. erection of, 220. residents of in 1856, 220. officers of, 221. iron manufacturing of, 221. Taxes, tables of in 1847, 7. Taxables in North Woodberry in 1847, 185. Teachers of Altoona schools, 146. Tipton, village of, 43. Tribune building, Altoona, 146. Treasurers of Blair County, 15. Topography of Blair County, 3. Tussey, David P., 206. Tuigg, Rev. John, 179. Tyrone Forge, 194. East, borough of, 195. borough officers of, 196. borough, 196. residents in 1868, 200. officers of, 201. fire department of, 202. business interests of, 204. great fire in, 203. hotels of, 204. Bank, 206. Building and Loan Associations, 207. newspapers, 20. Gas and Water Company, 207. post-office and press, 207. attorneys of, 211. railroad interests, 211. planing-mills, 212. Steam Boiler-WorkB, 213. Tannery, Sinking Run, 213. Bald Eagle, 213. Tyrone Paper-Mill,213. secret orders of, 214. Sheridan Troop of, 215. public schools of, 216. Methodist Episcopal Church, 216. Presbyterian Church, 217. Church of the United Brethren, 218. Baptist Church, 218. Cemetery Association, 219. township, 228. pioneer settlers of, 230. freeholders in 1787, 230. township taxables in 1812, 234. civil offices of, 234. general industries of, 235. religious and educational, 236. U. United Brethren, Freedom, 114. Church of Altoona, 177. Union Church and school-house, Altoona, 167. Union cavalry company, 164. Ullery, John, 225. View of Hollidaysburg in 1814, 61. Vaughn's brick-yard, 135. INDEX OP BLAIR COUNTY. 261 Veranda Lodge, No. 682, 1. 0. 0. F., 159. Westley, John B., 143. Woodberry townBhip, population of, 238. Village of Grazierville, 195. White, Thomas II., 24. early settlers of, 239. of Roaring Spring, 222. Wheatley, William M., 33. taxables of in 1788 and 1800, 240. of Williamsburg, 245. White Cross Lodge, No. 354, K. of P, 161. in 1810, 241. of Ore Hill, 228. Wilson, James T., 24. in 1820, 241. of Sharpsburg, 228. Wigton, Samuel, 156. in 1830, 242. Wigton, T. H., 156. township officers of, 243. W. Wilson, Dr. J. T., 209. manufactories, etc, 247. Water-courses in Blair County, 3. Williams, John A. J., 226, 227. Water supply of Hollidaysburg, 70. Wood & Smith, letter of, to Wharton, 184. T. Walter, Henry, 115. Wright, John A., 138. Young Men's Christian Association, 163. Walker, Samuel McF., 24. Williamsburg borough, 245. Tyrone, 219. Wayne, George, 142. Bank, 248. Yerger, Jeremiah, 245. Water-works of Altoona, 154. early settlers of, 246. Way, George 0., 24. borough officers, 246. Z. Wengert, John W., 24. newspapers, 20. Zeth, John U., 115. Weaver, John H., 24, 120. Woodcock Valley, 240. Zion's German Evangelical Lutheran Church Wengert, John H., 24. Woodberry township, 237. Tyrone, 218. YALE UNIVERSITY a39002 000009770b