39002002925718 *: /••¦ />^||ii^ OF THE. f ORn^rfil REGIM: MASSACHUSmSTONTEER* ST DIVISION EIGHTEENTH mn C DEP'T. or NORTH CAROLINA ;.{!. ri iWf'H../.' i'i':;;:||!i|li;pSiii^^ ill ;iii:iiljiii!!!lilll!!!!iii!iilii!li "I give thefe Books for the founding of a College in this Colony" BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE ALFRED E. PERKINS Fund 190gr THE OLD SOUTH RECRUITING STATION OF THE 45TH MASSACHUSETTS, AUGUST 1862 HISTORY OF THE COMPILED BY ALBERT W:MANN W ^ IMN^IVI COPXEIGHT 1908 BT AliBEKT W". MANST ALL EIGHTS EESEEVEU BEOOKSIDE PEIST JAMAICA PXjAIJNJ, MASS. ILIitJSTKATION'S BT PEINTED BT LMEEICAN- EITGHAVItJG CO. WALLACE SPOOIfEE BOSTON, MASS. BOSTON, MASS. autl^ori?atfott of i^ijStott Whereas. Comrade Alpert W. Mann, having been-eelecutj and appointed by the Executive Committee of the Associatioaef the 45th Mass. Regiment as Historian of the Refitment, by the adoption of this preamble said appointment by the Executive Committee is confirmed, and It is Voted, At this Annual Meeting of the Association, held on June SJ^ 1908. that a book, purposed to be vwruten, collated, pfinted and issued by said Albert W Mann, shall be known and considered by the present Association of the 45th Mass. Regiment as the ay.thori2e.(L_HistorY of the Reg.iment. and that he may rightfully use such words as the ^itle of his book. It, however, being understood that the Association, as a body, of as individuals, are not to be held i^sponsible or liable foi any expense incurred through the publication of said book, or to be entitled to share in any profits which may accrue therefrom. OuitrlG^ CtM^ 'd .:t!vV«£-^ J/^s. "T jHa^jsacl^ujsettig in ti^e Cttjil l^ar HE Militia Regiments of Massachusetts were the first to respond to the call of the President ; the first to march through Baltimore to the defense of the Capital ; the first to shed their blood for the main tenance of our government ; the first to open up a n-ew route to Washington by way of Annapolis ; the first to land on the Soil of Virginia, and hold possession of the most important fortress in the Union; the first to make the voyage of the Potomac and approach the Federal City by water, as they had been the first to reach it by land. The Soldiers of Massachusetts did their duty and the Nation owes them a debt of gratitude which can never be repaid. " The dead who are buried in Virginia, the Carolinas, or the States of the Mississippi, at Andersonville, Salisbury, at home, or wherever they may rest ; the sick, maimed, or wounded, who live among us ; and those who escaped unharmed from a hundred battlefields, — their families, their names, their services, their sacrifices, their patriotism — will ever be held in grateful remem brance by a generous and enlightened people. And that ' my father fought or fell in the great Civil War to maintain the integ rity of our Union and the honor.of our Nation ' will forever be an inheritance more precious than land, or riches, and a title of true republican nobility." William Schouler, Adjutant General of the State of Massachusetts during the Civil War. GOVERNOR JOHN A. ANDREW 1$imtv of tl^e ^ortr-f (fti^ megtment, ^. ^. ^ LIKUT.-COL. THOMAS FRANKLIN EDMANDS a QBrief ^^ijstorical ^ftetcl^ of t^c SlitDepenDent Corp^ of Canetsj BY LIEUT. COL. THOMAS F. EDMANDS. :MONG the documents of the olden time, sacredly preserved in Boston to the present day, is an ancient parchment which is, at once the Charter of the Independent Corps of Cadets, and the Commission of its first Commander, Colonel Benjamin Pollard. It bears the heading, "Province of Massachusetts Bay," and was given at Boston, under the "Hand and Seal-at-Arms " of William Shirley, Governor, on "the 16th day of October, in the fifteenth year of the reign of His Majesty King George the Second, Anno Domini 1741." It contained authority for the enlistment of sixty-four young gentlemen, who were to "observe and follow such orders and instructions as they should receive through their Commander from the Commander-in-Chief." This was the origin of the military organization, which, under various modifications of its title of "Cadets," now forms a part of the Volunteer Militia of the State of Massachusetts under the name of the " First Corps of Cadets." Colonel Pollard, although appointed as Captain, was ranked in his commission as a Lieut. Colonel, " to roll on Duty, in the Field,' and in Garrison, or otherwise, with all Lieu tenant Colonels of Horse, or Foot," according to the date of his Commission, in imitation, probably, of a similar custom regarding the rank of Captains in the household troops of the King of Great Britain, and for the reason that the Company as body guard of the Governor of the Province, were his household troops. At all events, the Company from 1741 until 1774 acted as body guard to the Governor of the Province. Its official records during this period were unfortunately destroyed by fire, but there are fre quent allusions to its services to be found in contemporaneous records, documents and letters. It took part in all important parades, and was at one time, during the riotous proceedings attending the attempted enforcement of the Stamp Act, called 3 4 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M, upon against the political sentiments of its members, to protect the servants and property of the British Crown, which service it performed in such a firm and soldierly manner as to quiet effec tually a disturbance which threatened severe consequences to the whole town of Boston. On another occasion, however, the cadets, individually, were found taking part with the citizens) against the authorities. In May, 1774, Governor Gage arrived in Boston and was received and escorted by the Cadets. He presented them a flag, bearing the arms of the Province on one side, with his own arms on the other, and apparently endeavored to conciliate John Hancock, who then commanded the Company ; but the liberal sentiments of this officer seem to have been too much for General Gage, and on the fifteenth of the following August, he caused his Secretary to acquaint Colonel Hancock that the Governor had no further service for him ; whereupon the Company returned General Gage his standard and informed him that they retired from his service. The General retorted by say- jng that had he known sooner of their intention he would have disbanded the Corps himself. Troublous times were then in the town of Boston and they grew rapidly worse. British troops dominated the place and the local militia seems to have been deprived of all organization, a fate shared by the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, the Cadets, and other military companies, until after the reorganization of the State Govern ment. There was, however, a corps known as the Independent Com pany formed in 1776, immediately after the Evacuation of Boston, having officers ranking like those of the Cadet Company, and containing many persons who had been members thereof. This organization marched twice to Rhode Island, once in 1777, again in 1778, and was considered at the time as a combination of the old Company. No record or allusion to its subsequent service is extant, and if it survived as may have been done, until the peace of 1783, it doubtless fell into decay at that time in common with all the military institutions of the country. But in 1786, six years after the organization of the State Government, the military spirit had so far revived, that on the ninth of August, a petition INDEPENDENT CORPS OF CADETS 5 was sent to Governor James Bowdoin, by fifty gentlemen, pray ing that they might be incorporated " into a Military Corps by the name of the Independent Cadets," and further praying that their officers might have the peculiar rank enjoyed by those of the older corps. This petition was granted by the House of Repre sentatives October 17th and concurred in by the Senate on the following day. The next day, October 19th, on the Anniversary of the Surrender of Cornwallis, the " Independent Company of Ca'dets " (so designated in the Resolve) paraded, and has had an active, unbroken existence ever since. The corps in Salem, now known in the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia as the Second Corps of Cadets, was organized the same year. These two corps are the only organizations in the State Volunteer Militia that have had a continuous existence since the Constitution of the United States was ratified, and both are protected by the law which Congress enacted in 1792 "for the establishment of an uniform militia throughout the United States." Following the precedent of 1741, by which the officers of the Company in Boston ranked as field officers, those commissioned therein in 1786 received similar constructive rank; the Captain had the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, while the Lieutenant and Ensign each had the rank of Major. The Adjutant, an officer added to the original number by the resolve reorganizing the Company received a commission ranking therein as Captain. In 1803 a Surgeon was added. The official titles of the Cadets have shown slight variation ; for instance, — " Independent Company of Cadets," " Indepen dent Corps of Cadets," "Independent Cadets," "Divisionary Corps of Independent Cadets," "First Company of Cadets," and " First Corps of Cadets." The word " Independent " disappears after the close of the Civil War of 1861 to 1865, and the numerical designation commences. The present title, last named abovei was given in 1874 when the constructive rank of the field officers was changed to actual rank, and a battalion organization of four companies, with a staff and a proper complement of line officers was provided for. The transition from the company to the battalion system, was, however, gradual. It first shows in official 6 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. papers in 1845 when Lieutenant Colonel David Sears, then the Commandant, proposed a plan by which the Corps should be recruited to six companies with the necessary complement of Captains and Lieutenants. Had the plan proposed stopped there, it would probably have been successfully carried through; but it was hampered by conditions which made distinctions among the companies, one of which was to be parent to all, and the scheme as a whole fell through. The only part of it that survived was the foundation of the "Military Chest," so called, which, in after years, furnished a large part of the funds used in the erection of the monument in Mount Auburn, raised by the Corps, to the memory of its dead who fell in the battles of the Civil War. Nine years after the failure of Colonel Sears' plan, that is in 1854, the Legislature gave the Governor authority to commission a Quartermaster and such number of First Lieutenants as he might deem from time to time expedient for the proper drill and discipline of the company in the school of the battalion. The same resolve also gave the Governor authority to determine the number of non-commissioned officers, privates and musicians necessary to the accomplishment of the same end. The Quartermaster and six First Lieutenants were accord ingly commissioned the same year, and the Corps was for about twelve years thereafter habitually divided into a battalion of six companies of infantry. This was, therefore, the organization existing in 1861 at the outbreak of the war. The Adjutant General's Report for that year gives the total strength as one hundred and thirty-seven officers and men. Up to this time, with the exception of short tours at the time of Shay's Rebellion in 1786-1787, and again at the Burns' Riot in 1854, the duty performed by the Corps of Cadets had been confined to peaceful escorts of distinguished personages, annual pilgrimages'with the Governor and Legislature to church, occasional visits to neighboring places, and camp duty, all of which had given pleasure to beholders, and satisfaction to them selves, with the possible exception of an occasional slip upon election sermon day when the minister in the church finished his sermon before the Corps was ready to re-escort his congregation. INDEPENDENT CORPS CADETS 7 There were three of these tardinesses. Apologies were ac cepted for two of them, 1812 and 1828, and the end was peace and good will, but the third offence in 1832 was not condoned. It raised a fine tempest in a teapot, the result of which was that Governor Levi Lincoln had Lieutenant Colonel Grenville Temple Winthrop courtmartialled. The trial ended in a reprimand to that officer, officially and ponderously administered, but at the same time the affair bequeathed to the Corps a volume of con siderable historic value, in which Colonel Winthrop published at length the proceedings and findings of the Court. These peaceful days had their end for a time when the Civil War of 1861 burst over the land, calling the militia from parade to battle. The State began to raise regiments of raw recruits and needed officers to fit them for the field. Those officers were found in the ranks of the patriotic organizations of the Massa chusetts Volunteer Militia, which then and there proved their value to the State as military schools, and repaid an hundred-fold all they had cost it. The Cadets probably did no more in proportion to their strength than other companies and battalions, yet they furnished to the Army of Volunteers, from 1861 to 1865, over one hundred and fifty commissioned officers, ranking from a Major-General to a Lieutenant. Many of these officers it is true, knew in the beginning little of active service, but what little they did know of military custom was of inestimable value to the government. They learned their new duties rapidly, and as loyal gentlemen they gave their services with a zeal, intelligence and courage that quickly won honorable distinction for the troops they led. Meanwhile, by the wisdom, foresight and perseverance of some of its older members who were themselves unfitted for ser vice in the field, the Corps of Cadets was kept alive at home and so escaped the fate of extinction which unhappily overtook many of the other prominent militia battalions and companies in the State, notably the Fourth Battalion (New England Guards), the Second Battalion (Boston Light Infantry), and the Battalion of Rifles (City Guards), all of whom in friendly rivalry with each other and with the Cadets had earned honorable reputation as 8 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. soldiers in the years before the War. In these four organizations was centred a large part of the active military spirit of Boston- Each of them raised and officered a regiment for the field. Of the early Massachusetts Regiments (1861) the officers of the Second were mainly from the Cadets ; the officers of the Twenty- Fourth were mainly from the New England Guards, while the officers of the Twentieth were taken about equally from the Cadets and the Guards. Rightly enough were the organizations of the Volunteer Militia called " Schools for Officers." In the summer of 1862 the Corps of Cadets was mustered into the services of the United States for about six weeks and was stationed at Fort Warren in Boston Harbor. The Forty- Fifth Regiment, often called the " Cadet Regiment," was raised in the following autumn. This book tells the story of that regi ment, and here this brief sketch of the Cadets may properly stop. To the traditions of the olden time are now added the memories of those terrible years of war which tested the mettle of the citizen-soldier and proved his value to his country. mt of 185 CaDetjs ^1^0 Verted in ti^z Cibtl Wax Adams, Zabdiel B., Asst. Surg., 7th Mass.; Surg. 32d Mass.; 1st Lieut., Capt. and Major 56th Mass. ; Capt. 2nd Cav'y Mass. Vol. ; Capt. and Major 5th Cav'y Mass. Vol. ; Brevet Major U. S. V. 1865. Alline, William H., 44th Mass. Amory, Charles W. ,2nd Lieut. 4th Mass. Cav'y; 2d Lieut., 1st Lieut., Capt. 2d Mass. Cav'y. Andrews, George L., Lieut. Col. 2d Mass. ; Col. 2d. Mass. ; Brig. Gen'l U. S. V. ; Col. 25th Regulars. Appleton, John W. M., 2d Lieut., Capt. and Major 54th Mass.; Major 1st Batt. Heavy Artillery, Mass.; Brig. Gen'l and Adjt. Gen'l West Virginia, 1897; Col. 1st West Virginia in Spanish War. Atkinson, R. P., drummer 12th Mass. and 56th Mass. Ayres, O. H., Fort Warren. Bagley, F. H., Fort Warren and Private 45th Mass., K Co. Bailey, L. B., Fort Warren. Baldwin, A. C, Major of Cadets at Fort Warren. Bangs, G. P., 1st Lieut, and Capt. 2d Mass. Bennett, C. H., Private Co. A 45th Mass.; Capt. Unattached Co. Mass. Vol. Blagden, George, 2d and 1st Lieut. 1st Reg. Mass. Cav'y; Capt. and Major 2d Reg. Mass. Cav'y; Brevet Col. U. S. V. Blagden, E. R., 2d Lieut. Co. I, 45th Mass. ; Signal Corps. Bond, Henry M., Fort Warren; Ord. Sergt. Co. B, 45th Mass.; 1st Lieut, and Adjt. 20th Mass. ; killed at Wilderness. Bond, William S., Fort Warren; 1st Lieut. Co. B, 45th Mass. Bramhall, William F., Fort Warren. Bumstead, N. W., Fort Warren ; Capt Co. D, 45th Mass. Burnham, J. A., Fort Warren. Cabot, C. F., 1st Lieut, and Capt. 20th Mass.; killed at Fredericks burg. 10 THE FOBTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. Candler, W. L , 1st Lieut. 1st Mass, Infantry; Capt. and A. D. C, U.S. v.; Brevet Major, Lieut. Col. and Col. U. S. V., on General Hooker's Staff. Carruth, F. W., 2d Lieut., 1st Lieut, and Capt. 1st Mass. Infantry. Carruth, W. W., 1st Lieut, and Quartermaster 4th Mass.; 1st Lieut. and Capt. 6th Mass. Light Artillery; Acting Adjt. General U. S. V. Carsley, A , Fort Warren. Cassidy, A. J., Fort Warren. Chessman, W. H., Fort Warren. Chandler, C. L., 2d and 1st Lieut. 1st Mass. Inf'y; Capt. 34 th Mass.; Lieut. Col. 40th Mass.; Col. 57th Mass.; killed at Anna River, Va Chittenden, A. A., Corp'l Co. A, 45th Mass.; 2d Lieut. Co. H. 6th Mass. Choate, Rufus, 2nd and 1st Lieut, and Capt. 2nd Mass. Inf'y; killed at Cedar Mountain. Churchill, J. M., 1st Lieut, of Cadets, Fort Warren; Capt. Co. B, 46th Mass. Clark, George A., Fort Warren. Codman, Charles R., Capt. and Adjt. of Cadets, Fort Warren; Col 45th Mass. Coffin, H. P., Fort Warren. Crehore, G. C, Fort Warren. Cremin, W. H., Fort Warren. Curtis, Hall, Asst. Surg. 24th Mass. ; Surg, and Major 2d Mass. Heavy Artillery. Curtis, Pelham, 2d and 1st Lieut, and Capt. 1st Mass. Cav'y; Major and Judge Advocate General. Cutter, C. H., Fort Warren. Daland, Edward F., Fort Warren; Capt. Co. F, 45th Mass. Davis, Walter Scott, 2d and 1st Lieut, and Capt. 22d Mass. ; Brevet Major and Lieut. Col. on the Staff. Dehon, Arthur, 2d and 1st Lieut. 12th Mass.; killed at Fredericks burg, Va , Dec 13, 1862. Dennett, Thomas Simmes, Fort Warren ; Capt. and A. Q.M., 3d Div. 19th Army Corps. Dennett, William Henry, Fort Warren. CADETS IN THE CIVIL WAR 11 Denny, George Parkman, Fort Warren; Ist Lieut, and Capt. 45th Mass., Co. A. Dewson, Francis Alexander, 1st Lieut, and Quartermaster, 45th Mass. Dexter, Thomas C. Amory, 1st. Lieut, on Gen'l Butler's Staff. Dexter, Frederic, Fort Warren ; Sergt. Co. B, 45th Mass. Draper, George, Fort Warren. Dupee, William R., Fort Warren. Eaton, Edward G., Fort Warren. Edmands, Thomas F., 2d and 1st Lieut, and Adjt., Capt., Major and Lieut. Col. 24th Mass. ; Brevet Col. U. S. V. Ellis, James Marsh, Fort Warren; 2d and 1st Lieut, and Capt. 2d Mass. Inf'y; Capt. and Commissary of Subsistence on General Banks' Staff. Ellis, S. Clarence, 1st Lieut. Co. F, 45th Mass.; Capt. 2d Mass. Heavy Artillery. Emmons, Robert Wales, Fort Warren. Emmons, Nathaniel Henry, Jr., Fort Warren. Emmons, J. Frank, Fort Warren; 2d Lieut. Co. E, 45th Mass ; Acting Quartermaster. Eustis, William Tracey, Fort Warren. Everett, Manitou, Fort Warren. Fisher, George J., Ist Lieut. Cadets, Fort Warren. Fisk, George A., Jr., Private and Q.M. Sergt. 41st Mass. ; 2d and 1st Lieut. 3d Mass. Cav'y; Capt. and A. Adjt. Gen'l U. S. V. Fuller, Charles Emerson, Capt. and A. Q. M., U. S. V., Aug. 3, 1861, on Gen'l Rufus Saxton's Staff ; Lieut. Col. and Chief Quartermaster of 10th Army Corps; Asst. Q. M. on Gen'l Sherman's Staff. Fowle, William, Fort Warren. Gardner, Harrison, Fort Warren ; 1st Lieut. Co. C, 45th Mass. Gilchrist, James, Corp'l, Co. B, 45th Mass. Goodwin, Richard C, Capt. 2d Mass. ; killed at Cedar Mountain. Goodwin, Ozias, Jr., Fort Warren ; 2d Lieut. 2d Mass. Inf'y. Gore, Henry W., Fort Warren. 12 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. Gordon, George Henry, Col. 2d Mass:; Brig. Gen'l U. S. V ; Brevet Major Gen'l. Griswold, Charles E., Major, Lieut. Col. and Col. 22d Mass. ; Col. 56th Mass. ; Brevet Brig. Gen'l U. S. V. ; killed at Wilderness. Guild, George K., Fort Warren. Hall, Rowland Minton, 2d and 1st Lieut, and Capt. 3d N. T. Cav'y. Hardy, Alpheus H., Fort Warren ; 1st Lieut. Co. E, 45th Mass. Hardy, Charles F., Ist Sergt. Co. E, 45th Mass. Harris, Clarendon, Fort Warren. Haven, Franklin, Jr., Capt. and A. D. C, U.S. V.; Lieut. Col. 2d California Cav'y. Hawes, Marcus Martin, 1st Lieut, and Q.M. 2d Mass. Inf'y; Capt. and Asst. Q. M., U. S. V. Haynes, Henry W., Fort Warren. Head, George E., Jr., Lieut. Col. 14th Reg. Inf'y. Herman, C. Henry, Fort Warren. Hickling, Charles E., Private in Co. B, 45th Mass. Hodges, George F., 1st Lieut, and Adjutant 18th Mass.; killed at Hollis Hill. Va. Hollis, Abijah, 2d Lieut. Co. B., 45th Mass.; Capt. 56th Mass.; Brevt. Major U. S. V. Hollingsworth, Amos L., Fort Warren. Holmes, C. C, Lieut. Col. and Commander of Cadets, at Fort Warren. Homans, George Henry, Fort Warren; Capt. Co. K, 45th Mass. Horton, Charles, 2d and 1st Lieut. 2d Mass. Inf'y; Capt. and A. A. Gen'l U. S. V.; A. D. C, U.SV.; Brevet Major and Lieut. Col. Horton, William L., 2d and 1st Lieut. 24th Mass. Howe, William G , 1st. Lieut, and Capt. 30th Mass. ; Capt. and Pro vost Marshal 4th Dist. Mass. Inches, Charles Edward, Fort Warren ; Asst. Surg. 20th Mass. ; Asst. Surg. 37th Mass. Ingalls, William, Surg. 5th Mass. Inf'y; Surg. 69th Mass. Jacobs, Asa, Ji., Fort Warren. Jefferies, John Jr., Major of Cadets at Fort Warren. CADETS IN THE CIVIL WAR 13 Jefferies, B. Joy, Fort Warren. Keith, James M., Fort Warren. Kendall, Edward D., Fort Warren. Kent, John, Fort Warren, Capt. 5th Mass. Inf'y. King, John, Fort Warren. Kinnicutt, Frank C, Fort Warren; Sergt. and 2d Lieut. 34th Mass. Kuhn, W. P., Fort Warren. Ijawrence, William F., Fort Warren. Le'ghton, Henry P., Fort Warren. Lincoln, William H., Fort Warren. Livermore, John M., Fort Warren. Lothrop, Samuel K., Chaplain at Fort Warren. Lunt, William P., Fort Warren. May, Edward, Paymaster Regular Navy. Maynadier, James E., Fort Warren ; Sergt. Co K, 45th Mass. Merritt, Robert L., Fort Warren. Merriam, Waldo, 1st Lieut., Major andLieut. Col. 16th Mass. ; killed at Spottsylvania. Meyer, Joseph, Fort Warren. Minot, Edward J., Fort Warren; Capt. Co. C, 45th Mass. Murdock, Joseph, Fort Warren ; Capt. Co. G, 45th Mass. ; A. D. C. to Brig. Gen'l Amory. Niokerson, Thomas W., Fort Warren. Oliver, Samuel C, Brevet Col. U.S.V. Otis, Theodore C, Sergt. 24th Mass. ; 2d Lieut. 41st Mass. ; 1st Lieut. 3d Mass. Cav'y. Page, Calvin C, 1st Lieut, and Asst. Surg. U. S. V. ; Major and Surg. 39th Mass. Paine, William E., Fort Warren. Palfrey, Frank, Lieut. Col. 20th Mass.; Col. 20th Mass.; Brevet Brig. Gen'l U. S. V. ; Lieut. Col. Commanding Cadets, 1870. Peabody, Oliver W., Capt. Co.H, 45th Mass. ; Lieut. Col. 45th Mass. Pierce, Henry L., Fort Warren. 14 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. Pond, Albert C, 1st Sergt. Co. C, 44th Mass. Pond, George E., Fort Warren; 2d and 1st Lieut. Co. A, 45th Mass. Post, Albert K., 1st Sergt. Co. H, 45th Mass. ; 2d Lieut. Co. H, 45ih Mass. Pratt, Lowell, Fort Warren. Quincy, Samuel M., Capt., Major and Col. 2d Mass. Inf'y; Col. U. S. C. Troops, and Governor of the City of New Orleans, La. ; Brevet Brig. Gen'l. Quincy, George H., Fort Warren; Supt. of Eecruiting for City of Boston. Raymond, Curtis, Quartermaster of Cadets at Fort Warren. Rich, Charles Otis, 1st Lieut, of Cadets at Fort Warren; Capt. Co. I, 45th Mass. Richardson, Edward Bangs, Fort Warren; Sergt. and 2d Lieut. Co. A, 45th Mass. ; served on Signal Corps. Richardson, Horace, Fort Warren. A copy of his " The Cadets at Fort Warren," was one of the papers put in the copper box placed in the cornerstone of the Cadet Armory. Schlesinger, Sebastian B., Fort Warren. Sears, Cyms Alger, 2d Lieut. Co. D, 45th Mass. Seaver, Charles Milton, Sergt. at Fort Warren. Shelton, Stephen A., Fort Warren. Shurtleff, Nathaniel Bradstreet, Jr., Capt. 12th Mass. ; killed at Cedar Mountain, Va. Shurtleff, Hiram Smith, Fort Warren; 1st Lieut, and Adjt. and Capt. 56th Mass. Stedman, Daniel Baxter, Fort Warren. Stevens, Charles Woodbury, Fort Warren. , Sturgis, Russell, Jr., Lieut, of Cadets at Fort Warren; Capt Co. A, and Major 45th Mass. Tappan, Lewis W., Jr., Fort Warren; 1st Lieut, and Capt. Co. H, 45th Mass. Thacher, William S., Fort Warren. Thaxter, Samuel, Port Warren; 1st Lieut. Co. D, 45th Mass. Thayer, Edward Flint, Fort Warren. CADETS IN THE CIVIL WAR 15 Thayer, Theodore Austin, Fort Warren; 1st Lieut. Co. G, 46th Mass. Thompson, George W., Fort Warren. Thompson, J. Dixwell, Fort Warren; 1st Lieut. Co. I, 45th Mass. Ticknor, Benjamin Holt, Fort Warren ; 2d Lieut. Co. G, 45th Mass. ; 2d Lieut, and Capt. 2d Mass. Heavy Art'y. Tilton, William Stowell, 1st Lieut.. Major, Lieut. Col. and Col. 22d Mass. ; Brevet Brig. Gen'l U. S. V. Badly wounded at Gaines Mills and taken prisoner. Commander at Soldier's Home, Togus, Me. Treat, Joseph B., Fort Warren. Tuesley, Simon B., Fort Warren. Underwood, James P., Fort Warren. Underwood, Adin B., Capt. 2d Mass. Inf'y; Major, Lieut. Col. and Col. 33d Mass. ; Brevet Brig, and Major Gen'l U.S. V. Badly wounded at Lookout Mountain, above the clouds. Valentine, Henry C, Fort Warren. Walcott, Charles F., Capt. 21st Mass.; Capt. 12th Unattached Co. Mass.; Lieut. Col. and Col. 61st .Mass.; Brevet Brig. Gen'l U. S. V. Walker, Charles Hayward, Fort Warren; 1st Lieut. Co. K,45th Mass. Walker, James E., Orderly Sergt. Co. K, 45th Mass. Wales, Thomas Beals, Jr., Fort Warren; Capt. Co. E., 45th Mass. Walley, Hcnshaw Bates, Fort Warren ; Additional Paymaster in Navy. Waters, Edwin Forbes, Fort Warren. Webster, Ralph C, Quartermaster with rank of Major on Staffs of Gen'ls Peck, Foster and Thomas. Webster, Fletcher, Col. 12th Mass. ; killed at 2d Bull Run. Weld, Richard Harding, Fort Warren ; 1st Lieut, and Capt. Co. K, 44th Mass. Weld, Franklin, Fort Warren. Weld, George Walker, Fort Warren. Weld, Stephen M., Jr., 2d and 1st Lieut, and Capt. 18th Mass.; Lieut. Col. and Col. 56th Mass. ; Brevet Brig. Gen'l U. S. V. ; A. D. C. to Gen'ls Wright, Fitz John Porter, Benham, Reynolds and Newton. Wellman, Willard Lee, Fort Warren; Orderly Sergt. Co. D, 45th Mass. 16 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. Whitney, Charles J., Fort Warren. Whitney, Joseph S., Fort Warren. Whitney, Joel Parker, Fort Warren ; Capt. Co. C, 2d Mass. Inf'y. Whitney, Henry, Fort Warren. White, John G, Fort Warren. White, William Greenough, 1st Lieut. 12th Mass; killed at Antietam. Wheelock, Henry Gassett, Sergt. -Major 45th Mass. Wild, Edward Augustus, Capt. 1st Mass. Inf'y; Major and Lieut. Col. 35th Mass. ; Brig. Gen'l U.S. Colored V. Lost an arm at Antietam. Willard, Sidney, Major 35th Mass. ; killed at Fredericksburg, Va. Williams, William Blackstone, Capt. 2d .Mass. Inf'y; killed at Cedar Mountain, Va. Williams, J. Otis, 1st Lieut, and Capt. 12th Mass. Wilson, Charles Webster, Acting Master's Mate; Acting Vol. Lieut. in Navy. Willson, Signey, Capt. 2d Mass. Inf'y ; killed at Cedar Mountain, Va. Winchester, Thomas B , Sergt. at Furt Warren. Winship, Frederick W., Fort Warren. Winsor, Alfred, Jr., Fort Warren ; 2d and 1st. Lieut. Co. H, 45th Mass. Winsor, Gershom Crayton, Sergt. at Fort Warren; 1st Lieut, and Adjt. 45th Mass. Wyman, Powell T., Col. 16th Mass. ; mortally wounded at Battle of Glendale, Va. Young, Carlos L., Fort Warren. Ci^e ^etbtcejs of ti^c Cadets in ti^e €arlr paxt of ti^e l^ar and at fort Wanm in 1862 BY LIEUT. GERSHOM C. WINSOR, ADJUTANT OF THE 45tH. I HEN I joined the Independent Corps of Cadets in 1860, I had very fixed ideas of what a recruit should be taught, and how he should be clothed. Much to my surprise the only instruction was a few changes with a musket and marching about a hall until he could keep step. If the new recruit could turn out on the street and carry his musket and march so as not to draw unfavorable comment from the sidewalk committee he was "attend drill or not man," as were the older members. When escorting the Governor we wore a gray uniform with black felt chapeau with a big red plume, which was very comfortable to the head except when the wind blew. In a rain storm it delivered the water well to the front and rear, so the rear rank was no better off than the front rank, from the drip. For parades of less moment, we wore a stiff leather shako with a red pompon and a white and red rosette in front that was the best bull's eye I ever saw, for it had a glint in the sun that could be seen for a mile. In the service this hat might have been of some use, for instance, on such a night as we had in the cornfields at Young's Cross Roads, where the downpour from noon to noon was such as we never witnessed in New England, by using it to bail the water from your side of a ridge to that of your comrade's side. You may have the idea that I have said this in derision. Not at all. I simply wish to impress on the mind of the reader that this Corps was fitted for, and its chief existence and dominating idea was, to escort somebody, dead or alive, and this extended over a period of one hundred and thirty years. The first check came when B. F. Butler was elected Governor of this State and ordered out two companies of the 9th Regiment to escort him to the State House from the Revere House. The next check was when the highly trained and prac- 18 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V- M. tical military mind of Thoma,s F. Edmands came to its command. He called me to become his Adjutant, but as I could not then well give the time, I declined. Escorting became a side show ever after, for now there is no Corps in the State that devotes so much time to matters pertaining to service in the field. During the Presidential Campaign that resulted in the elec tion of Abraham Lincoln, there was a great demand among the Wide Awake Clubs for men of some military knowledge, which led the active members of the Corps to confer on a uniform sys tem of tactics, with bits of wood as the Company unit. After the election the study was kept up under Charley Griswold, and the times were such that it led to a good deal of talk about increas ing the Corps to a Regiment, should war ensue, but this did not seem practical owing to its peculiar formation and history, so the talk changed to raising a reginient and officering it from the Corps. Meanwhile the studies were kept up. The Civil War had been going on for a year when the Cadets were ordered into the United States Service. But during that year there were few weeks when no duty was required of them by the State, either as a Corps, or by details, so they were being gradually changed from men who slept in their own beds and did a few day's military duty at convenient hours during the year, to men who were glad to get their sleep when and where they could, and to render the exacting duties with resigned cheerfulness. Ail had their professions or mercantile business to keep from loss, and so there were many exchanges of individual duty, but no shirking or leaving the Corps. Public affairs throughout the country were indeed serious, so it was no time to flinch, even if one's private interests suffered. The opportunity was given each member to retire from duty at the time the following order was issued, before War was declared. Commonwealth of Massachusett.s. Headcjuabtkrs, Boston, January 16, 1861. General Orders No. 4. Events which have recently occurred and are now in progress. require that Massachusetts should be at all times ready to furnish her quota of troops, upon any requisition of the President of the United THE CADETS AT FORT WARREN 19 States to aid in the maintenance of the Laws and the peace of the Union, His Excellency, the Commander-in-Chief, therefore orders: That the Commanding Officer of each Company of Volunteer Militia examine with care the Roll of his Company, and cause the name of each member, together with his rank and place of residence to be properly recorded, and a copy of the same to be forwarded to the ofSce of the Adjutant General. Previous to which Commanders of Companies shall make strict inquiry whether the men in their commands, who from age, physical defect, business, or family cause, may be unabie, or indisposed to respond at once to the orders of the Commander-in-Chief made in response to the call of the President of the United States, that they may be forthwith discharged, so that their places may be filled by men ready for any public exigency which may arise, whenever called upon. After the above orders have been fulfilled, no discharge, either of officer or private shall be granted, unless for cause satisfactory to the Commander-in-Chief. If any companies have not the number of men allowed by law, the Commanders of the same shall make proper exer tions to have the vacancies filled, and the men properly drilled and uniformed, and their names and places of residence forwarded to Head quarters. To promote the objects embraced in this Order, the General Field and Staff Officers, and the Adjutant and Acting Quartermaster General will give all the aid and assistance in their power. Major-Generals Sutton, Morse and Andrews will cause this Order to be promulgated throughout their respective Divisions. By command of His Excellency, John A. Andrew, Governor and Commander-in-Chief. (Signed) William Schoulek, Adjutant General. At the meeting of the Corps in compliance with the above Order, in its Armory, then on the third and fourth floors of No. 98 Tremont Street, each member was requested to rise and answer " Yes," or " No," i^Then his name was called. All anwered " Yes," with one exception. There were quite a number of old members, unfitted physically to perform the increased duties. They were still retained, but simply not ordered on duty, as they were ever ready to render assistance to the Corps in many ways. Then each month our numbers were reduced by our most active and best members accepting commissions in regiments forming in the State, for service at the front, and as we were taking in 20 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. some new members, it was policy to retain the old members that the balance of power in voting might be maintained, which was wise as we shall note later on. For the benefit of the present members of the Corps, I will give in detail a tour or two of duty. While the three month's men were being sent to the front, the Corps was on duty at the State House, with a regular guard established in and outside the building. Sacks filled with straw were put down at night in Doric Hall, and in the basement for the guard detail ; each member was furnished with a blanket. In another part of the basement the Quartermaster had his caterer located behind pine tables where he was ever ready with his hot coffee, cold meats and bread. We had to furnish guards for all the supplies and material of the departing troops, and not only guard it to points of departure, but remain on duty until it was all loaded. On the departure of the Fifth Regiment we had a particularly busy day and evening, so that there were but few Cadets not sound asleep before " taps " sounded. Soon after midnight, Lieut. Quincy (the late General Samuel M. Quincy) was rapping on the feet of his Second Company, and quietly ordering them below for coffee, as we were to go out on duty. " Forming Com pany " near the rear entrance, we marched out on Mount Vernon Street where stood a large double wagon loaded with ammunition. The driver had been brought up in the hay and grain business, — if the lettering on the side of the wagon was his apograph — and as it was down hill on Park Street, he was disposed to trot his horses, until threatened by Lieut. Quincy with arrest and his place supplied by one of his men. A halt was made near the freight office of the Boston and Albany Railroad for orders. After a long wait we proceeded to the foot of Oak Street, and after the wagon was unloaded re mained on duty in the freight-house until a train was loaded with the guns (Nims' Battery), cannon balls, ammunition and material that had been there collected for the regiments of infantry and the battery. When the train passed out we re-formed for a silent march to the State House. The night was dark and very damp, with a thick fog low down to the pavement, so that drops of THE CADETS AT FORT WARREN 21 water were continually dripping from the visors of our caps. As we neared Washington Street, near Bedford, we heard a band strike up directly ahead on West Street ; we formed line across Washington Street, facing south, so as to " present " as they passed from West to Washington. On they came, just at early dawn, with the Brigade Band, led by Burditt, playing " The Girl I Left Behind Me." It was the Fifth Regiment on its way from Fanueil Hall to the train. To our " present " Colonel Lawrence saluted with his hand. The men were too tired and wet to notice our presence, except as the rear wheeled, one of them turned, braced his feet on the pavement and seemed to wonder how any of his regiment could possibly, all of a sudden, get in his rear, then as he comprehended, he spoke — " A rr, if you stand there long enough and think it over you will come too ! " Later on, twelve men were notified to appear at the Armory for guard duty. Ammunition was served out and we marched under Sergeant B. Joy Jefferies across the Common to Braman's Boat House, foot of Chestnut Street, and there found a " Whitehall " boat ready, stored with tent, blankets, straw sacks, and a hamper of food, in charge of Quartermaster Raymond. One member re marked, " This looks as if we were to rehearse ' Washington crossing the Delaware,' but truly, Quartermaster, we don't see the ice." The day was hot, and to be without ice was not to be thought of, if we could possibly get it, so the Quartermaster promised to send it to us by team. We took our turns at the oars, pulling up the Charles River, and soon after passing the bridges made a landing at the Powder House Wharf on the left bank where we set up our camp outside the high brick wall that surrounds the Powder House. The new guard arrived each morning by boat, at about 9.30, the old guard returning to town, so that a tour of duty con sumed a day and a half. A guard was also established at the State Arsenal in Cambridge, and both were maintained until all the material stored had been issued. Escort duty was ordered liberally by the State to all troops passing through the city, as well as to its own regiments leaving for the front, and to attend the funerals of both officers and men whose bodies were returned from the battlefields. 22 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. When the order came for the Corps to proceed to Fort Warren, it was in fine condition for the duty required, as it was now very proficient in guard duty. The uniforms were rather the worse for the hard service, and the color was altogether the worst that could be for the times. Patriotism is an exacting master in times of war, so it was evident that the gray, the uni form color of the Confederate Army, must be replaced by the blue of our own army. At Fort Warren the State had a battalion of six companies under Major Francis J. Parker, mustered there in November, 1861. This was at once designated the Thirty-Second Regiment Infantry and ordered to leave on Monday, May 26, 1862. Four companies additional were used and joined it from time to time. This order took from Fort Warren's garrison six hundred men. There were about eight hundred prisoners of war held there, including, from time to time.^uch leading spirits as Confederate Ambassadors Mason and Slidell, Generals Tighle- man and Buckner, Commodore Barron, Colonel Pegram, Major Brown and Chief of Police Kane of Baltimore. To replace this garrison the First Corps of Cadets (116 men), and the Second Corps of Cadets of Salem (180 men), were ordered to proceed to Fort Warren. It appears that the fear of disaster to our forces at the front was so great at Washington, that the President had called on Governor Andrew to muster the militia of the State for active service forthwith, so there was a call sent over the State on May 26, and within twenty-four hours four thousand men had reported to General Andrews, Division Commander, on Boston Common. By noon the order was rescinded and only the Inde pendent Corps of Cadets retained. Commonwealth of .Massachusetts, HBADQTJAETHE.S, BOSTON, May 26, 1862. Special Order, No. 86. General Andrews commanding First Division M. V. M. will cause the Corps of Cadets of said Division, and the Fourth Battalion of In fantry, of First Brigade, to report at these headquarters at twelve o'clock M. this day for Garrison Duty at Fort Warren. THE CADETS AT FORT WARREN 23 So much of General Order of this date as directs these troops to report on Boston Common today is hereby countermanded. By command of His Excellency, John A. Andrew, Governor and Commander-in-Chief. (Signed) William ScHOtrLBE, Adjutant General. In compliance with the above order, the following members appeared at the Armory and were sworn into the United States Service by John M. Goodhue, Captain, U. S. A., and Chief Mus tering Officer for Massachusetts, to serve "for the term as under Acts of Congress, approved July 29, 1861, unless sooner dis charged." Lieut. Colonel, C. C. Holmes, Commanding. Majors, A. C. Baldwin, John Jeffries, Jr. Captain, Charles R. Codman, Adjutant. First Lieutenants, Curtis B. Raymond, Quartermaster; Joseph M. Churchill, Commanding Company; Russell Sturgis, Jr., Commanding Company; Charles O. Rich, Commanding Company; William R. Paine, Commanding Company; George J. Fisher, Commanding Company. Sergeants, William F. Fowle, Quartermaster-Sergeant; Joseph Murdock, Sergeant-Major; Charles M. Seaver, Thomas B. Winchester, Edward F. Thayer, Benjamin F. Jeffries, John T. Clark, William F. Lawrence, J. Dixwell Thompson, Gershom C. Winsor, Albert W. Adams, Andrew S. Webster. Corporals, Horace Richardson, Henry W. Haynes, William P. Lunt, William H. Dennet, John Gardner White, Ozias Goodwin, Jr., George H. Homans, Lewis B. Bailey, Nathaniel W. Bumstead, Samuel Thaxter, Otis E. Weld, Lewis W. Tappan, Jr., George W. Thompson. Privates, J. M. W. Appleton, Orlando H. Ayres, Frank H. Bagley, Henry M. Bond, William S. Bond, William T. Bramhall, Henry T. Bryant, John A. Burnham, Jr., Albion Carsley, William H. Chessman, George A. Clark, Henry P. Coffin, William H. Cremin, Charles H. Cutler, Edward F. Daland, George P. Denny, Thomas S. Dennett, Fred erick Dexter, George Draper, William R. Dupee, Edward G. Eaton, James H. Ellison, John F. Emmons, Nathaniel H. Emmons, Robert W. Emmons, Maniton Everett, William T. Eustis, Harrison Gardner, Henry W. Gore, George K. Guild, Alpheus H. Hardy, Clarendon Harris, Cor nelius H. Herman, Amor L. Hollingsworth, Charles E. Inches, Asa Jacobs, Jr., Edward D. Kendall, James M. Keith, Frank C. Kinnicutt, William P. Kuhn, Henry R. Leighton, William H. Lincoln, John M. Livermore, James E. Maynadier, Robert L. Merritt, Joseph Meyer, 24 THE FORTY-flFIH REGIMENT, M. V. M. Edward J. Minot, Thomas W. Nickerson, Henry L. Pierce, George E. Pond, Isaac L. Pratt, George H. Quincy, E. B. Richardson, Sebastian B. Schlesinger, Stephen A. Shelton, William S. Shurtleff, Daniel B. Sted man, Jr., Charles W. Stevens, Theodore A. Thayer, William S. Thacher, Simon B. Tuesley, James P. Underwood, Henry C. Valentine, Charles H. Walker, Henshaw B. Walley, Thomas B. Wales, Jr., Edwin F. Waters, Franklin Weld, George W. Weld, Richard H. Weld, Willard L. Wellman, Charles J. Whitney, Henry Whitin, J. Parker Whitney, Joseph S. Whitney, Alfred Winsor, Jr., Frederick W. Winship, Carlos L. Toung. Drummers, Joseph B. Treat, Andrew J. Cassidy, Richard P. Atkinson. So much of above order as relates to Fourth Battalion of Infantry was countermanded. Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Headquabtees, Bostox, May 26, 1862 Special Ordee, No. 94. The Companies of Cadets of the First and Second Divisions of the M. V. M. are ordered to report forthwith for active service to Colonel Dominick, U. S. A., Commanding at Fort Warren in Boston Harbor. Quartermaster General Reid will furnish the necessary transpor tation. By Command of His Excellency, John A. Andrew, Governor and Commander-in-Chief. (Signed) William Schoulee, Adjutant General When this last order came to the Armory by General Reid, Quartermaster General, we at once formed and then marched out to the tapping of our three drummers, for a quiet march to the steamer. But State Street was crowded and feverish, gold was rising in value every hour, all mercantile operations were doubt ful, the present was, and the future looked more than gloomy. The conclusion was forced that day of only one resource of safety for all interests, and that was the military. So when the Cadets appeared marching down the street in this quiet way to active ser vice, the applause, cheers and shouts had an earnest that was beyond any greeting the Corps had ever experienced. All knew that the Corps had given liberally of its members for officers in THE CADETS AT FORT WARREN 25 the regiments that had gone to the War, and now to see the Corps come forth with full ranks, and be the first to march on this call of emergency, seemed to overwhelm them. The War Record of the Corps was now fully established and will be freely acknowledged for all time. On our arrival inside the Fort we were promptly assigned to quarters in the casemates on the east front. The outlook from the embrasure was down the ship channel with the outer lighthouse on the left and Point Atherton on the right. The casemates were very comfortable quarters, with one exception — the rats. Our presence seemed very acceptable to them, for they were not the least afraid, and established an ownership, individually, or collectively, on everything we possessed. Their chief detailed only his "Old Guard," evidently, to look after us with our " Extras," for none were on duty except those having grown a tail the thickness of a man's little finger. They were perfect reapers and mowers, that is, they did their own work and always wanted more. After we had been in the Fort a few weeks, an undersized Cadet of the Fourth Mess., aged nineteen, who was given to ptattling on his father's side, procured a pass for an outing in the city. He returned promptly on the afternoon boat, making an unusually neat appearance, with his black hair kept in place by a liberal supply of barber's oil. He was bantered a good deal and congratulated that he did not overdo everything during the day in the same way, for then he certainly would have returned drunk. As it was, he declared himself " very tired " and was sound asleep in his bunk long before " Taps," to dream that mosquitoes had come. Nothing disturbed him, except the mos quitoes of his dream, until the drum beat at five o'clock the next morning. Then he was more than surprised to behold as he slid from his bunk not less than a handful of his hair remaining on his improvised pillow. The rats had mowed the top of his head while he dreamed of the mosquitoes. He has always declared that from that moment he was doomed to baldness, for within a short time the top of his head was as smooth as an apple and has remained so ever since. 26 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. Our officers were quartered with the other officers of the garrison on the west front, to the left as you enter the Sally port. The prisoners were mostly quartered on the north front. The south front is now casemated, having its guns mounted en barbel, with rifle galleries underneath to sweep the ditch outside. This Fort is second in size. Fort Monroe being the first, so the spaces are great, requiring a large number of men to effectually guard it. The Fort was commanded by Lieut. Colonel Justin Dom inick, 2d U. S. Artillery. Colonel by brevet. Born in Connec ticut, appointed to West Point from Vermont, entered the Army July 1, 1819. The Post Adjutant was 2d Lieut. Justin E. Dominick (son of the Colonel), 1st U. S, Artillery, afterwards killed in battle ou the Peninsula. Born in New Hampshire, appointed to West Point at large ; entered the Army June 24, 1S61. The Post Sergeant Major was William Ray. The Post Quartermaster was Captain George W. Pearson, U. S. V. The garrison was so small now, that Corporals and Sergeants had to take their turn at standing guard, as well as their turn as Ser geant and Corporal of the guard. Our officers were very anxious that we should do well, but we did not go there to be " horsed " and " caught " by " Dim," as we nicknamed the Post Adjutant, for we all knew what would, and what would not pass muster with the " regular." United States uniforms were issued to us, and our expensive gray uni forms were discarded, never to be worn by the Corps again. I have shown that the Corps was well up in guard duty, but there is a vast difference between guarding dead property and live persons. There were nearly eight hundred prisoners within the walls of the Fort, none above planning an escape, and so it was the custom at the Guard House, outside the Fort, to warn the guard, before posting, on every dark, stormy or windy night. We had not been long in the Fort before an easterly storm set in, lasting several days. When the third relief was turned out at a quarter before two, the first night of the storm, from the Guard House where it had been sleeping for four hours on the hard wood inclined shelf, to be inspected fbr posting, the Lieutenant THE CADETS AT FORT WARREN 27 of the Guard stepped over from the little box on the other side of the roadway and said — "Now this is a very dark, stormy night, so it is fair to suppose that if the prisoners within the Fort have any matured plan for escape, they would choose such a night as this to attempt its execution. You must allow no boat to remain near the shore, warn them off. No boats allowed to land during the night, even at the dock. Remember no sane person, except he be a prisoner trying to escape, would approach a sentinel at night without promptly answering his challenge. Watch well the water along your beat to be sure no person swims or wades therein, never leave your beat, but challenge promptly and at good distance ; challenge three times and then fire to kill. A sen tinel on post at night is the highest and most despotic power known to civilized nations. No sentinel was ever shot or hung for shooting a man at night from his beat. I shall keep a Corporal and file of men ready to start at once if you send in a call. Be active, danger comes when it is least expected. Sergeant, post the relief ! " As the relief marched away into the darkness and storm, gusts of wind caught up their great coat capes and lashed their coat skirts about as if to try the quality of the thread in the con tract-made garments. In due time the Sergeant returned with the old relief and there was more talk than usual before getting on the incline, about the quality of the night, and how, between the force of the wind and the noise of the waves, there was little to be seen or heard of a definite nature. " If the prisoners could get to the water tonight they would be all right, no living soul could see or hear them." Soon after came the call, " Coporal of the Guard, Post 10." Off went the Corporal with his file of men, and the sentinel on the dock reported having heard a musket fired on the upper end of the island. The suspense made it seem that the Corporal was a long time away, but on his return he reported the alarm "nil." When he arrived at Post 10, ha found Private Ellison had reloaded and was walking his beat, still a bit nervous. It seemed that after he was posted he made himself familiar with the appearance of each tuft of sage grass; mound of sand, and the 28 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. rocks, so that if any moving thing came he would not mistake it for his surroundings. All of a sudden he heard a quick noise in the water just behind him and a few feet from the shore. He challenged — the head of a man disappeared beneath the water, but rose again only a few feet away. He challenged again and ordered him to come ashore. As quick as a flash the man ducked and exposed his body as he dove. He challenged again, cocked his rifle and just as the head came up, with the water running off its shoulders— :;?r^^. Could it be possible that he was mistaken ? Yes ! he said then he had fired at one of the rocks that the reced ing tide had just then set " awash." In the afternoon while the "high grade" prisoners were taking their exercise on the west parapet, one asked the sentinel on duty there, just as the troops were forming for " dress parade " within the Fort — " Say, sentinel, can't you point out the man that fired at one of us in the water last night ? " It was quite impossible to keep any bit of news from them, their eyes and ears were very keen. One day is a counterpart of another in garrison and the visitor who would take a peep at the inner phases of our life there must be an early riser. THE SUNRISE GUN. The few clouds in the sky begin to show a rosy hue ; the eastern sky is lighting up with the radiance of coming morn. We halt at the foot of the flag staff. The garrison lies still as the grave, dim and pulseless without the first moving thing in view. Soon you note a moving sentinel on the west parapet, then your attention is turned to four musicians coming to where you stand with fifes and drums, then a corporal and two men pass to your left, one has a leather bag slung over his shoulder ; then comes a corporal with the garrison flag under his arm, done up in a "cocked hat." "Come on," says your officer, "we can. get a better view at the gun." So we climb a long flight of stone steps after the Corporal and his two men and stop near the first gun on the south parapet. As we approached we heard a dull thud or two as the gunners rammed home their cartridge and the low-tone chatter of the drummers below as they braced their batter heads and looked up expectantly to the gun we were nearing. As the THE CADETS AT FORT WARREN 29 color in the east deepens, the Corporal orders "Ready ! " and as the sun's deep red disk begins to show above the horizon, sud denly comes the order " Fire ! " and with it a belching cloud of smoke and flame from the black muzzle of the gun, a thundering roar, and at the same instant the shrill music of the fifes and the resonant rattle of the drums as they break into the stirring roll of the " reveille." It is enough to " rouse the Seven Sleepers," to say nothing of the twelve hundred in the Fort who are at once astir. The Corporal at the flagstaff has done his part, for from the top flutters in the soft morning air, our nation's emblem. The sol diers immediately stream out from the casemates, "buttoned to the chin," and form in front of their quarters. Once more the drums have resumed the closing roll of the reveille, then suddenly cease. Next comes the prettiest ceremony of the day — guard MOUNTING. The old guard when relieved marches to the butts, and under the direction of the officer of the guard discharge their pieces at the bull's eye, then march up into the Fort, across the parade ground and are there dismissed to be again on the like duty after two days, and in some cases after one day. They are excused from that afternoon drill, but must turn out at Dress Parade. They have their guns to clean, and their equipments, shoes and clothes, to put in first-class order, which often takes hours of time, as they have to stand at their posts without shelter, day or night, and so it is possible to come off duty soaked to the skin. My visitor is greatly interested in this daily routine of life in camp or garrison. After Dress Parade I suggest to him that after a light supper he had better get "forty winks of sleep," if he is to do the " Grand Rounds " at midnight. As we come out from the officer's mess we hear a call being beaten at the outer guard house where all the calls are sounded. This is the drum mer's call for "Retreat," and you notice the drummers collect ing at the foot of the flagstaff as they did in the morning, and the Corporal and two men on the south parapet. Presently the Cor poral gives the chief drummer a signal and then comes the last music of the day, the closing rolls of the drums being the signal for 30 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. the evening gun to boom and the garrison flag to come gracefully to earth. Soon after, when the relief is changed, the big timber doors to the sallyport are closed and sentinels begin to challenge. The nap is given up and the visitor strolls over to the Cadet quarters to make a call on the boys. "Well," he saj^, "how long have you fellows got to follow this business ?•" "That is just it," one answers, "we have got to stay here until the Government at Washington gets good and ready to dis charge us ; and I notice they are not discharging troops, but trying to get more ; men are not flocking to regiments now form ing. Being sworn in 'until relieved,' means for the war." " But," he replies, " you don't mean to say that the Govern ment will not raise a company to relieve you when they know you left your business or professions to help them out of an emergency." The logical Cadet was equal to the emergency, for he replied — " Emergency ! " War in this country is nothing but emer gency from beginning to end. The Secretary of War would say that all enlisted men count alike, that he can relieve none. The more intelligent, the more he wants them. I don't want it given out from Washington that the Boston Cadets doing duty at Fort Warren are already kicking to " At this point the door suddenly opened and Captain Cabot of the Artillery, in full uni form, with his red sash from shoulder to hip, stepped in and ordered, " Put out that light ! " It went out as suddenly as he entered, for no one cared to pass the night in the Guard House and have charges preferred the next day for resisting an officer's authority by burning a light after "Taps," and be made to stand on the head of a barrel for several hours holding a candle in his right hand extended, or put on extra policing duty. The fact was, the boys were so interested in the question under discussion that they neglected to regard " Tattoo " and the three taps that came fifteen minutes later from the drummers for lights to be put out. The Officer of the Day had caught them sure enough. After this talk with the visiting friend, the chief topic of conversation among the Cadets was — How and when can we be THE CADETS AT FORT WARREN 81 relieved from this duty ? Every man was satisfied that they were booked for one or two years, and if they were to serve that length of time, they preferred to go to the front; then those who had left a practice or business must find some one to continue it, or their past labor would be lost to them entirely. It was decided to find out what our officers thought on the subject. It was found that Lieut. Colonel C. C. Holmes, commanding the Corps> would serve one or two months longer, and then if the Corps was not relieved, he would be obliged to resign and return to his practice. Major Jeffries thought we ought to know how long our term was so that each could make arrangements accordingly. The position of Captain Charles R. Codman, Adjutant of the Corps was, that he had returned from abroad to take some part in putting down the Rebellion, and almost upon landing was ordered to this Fort. He preferred duty at the front, and if the Corps was not relieved he hoped to get transferred to the field. He thought it foolish to ask the Government to relieve the Corps, for there could be but one answer. If the Corps would raise and officer a three-year's regiment, no doubt each one commissioned, or enlisted, would be relieved; but not the others. He favored raising a regiment and would take a commission. The five lieutenants commanding companies favored raising a regiment. It certainly looked as if some of the boys were going to get left. It was not a case of "growl " on the part of the Cadets. The hard work, regular hours for work, meals and rest, with plain fare, were putting all in perfect physical condition. The Cadets were doing their work manfully and cheerfully, not a whimper was heard, but it was decided that this matter must be put before the Secretary of War in some shape, and it was placed in Governor Andrew's hands. At first, the answer ,was not favorable but when he informed the Secretary that it was the purpose of the members to raise a regiment and officer it, the reply came that they would be allowed to relieve themselves for the purpose indicated. Captain Dalton was selected to raise the Company. To hurry matters the Cadets were to pay a bounty of ten dollars to each man enlisted. Recruits were very plenty for service of this kind — no marching, no battles, no earthworks to build, no 32 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. sleeping out in bivouac. " What a pudding," thought those who had seen some service at the front. In two weeks the Company was full. After being sworn into the United States Service, it came to Fort Warren, and the Cadets went to town on the return steamer. They landed at Long Wharf. The Armory was open every day as those who proposed to take an active part in rais ing the Regiment congregated there. Money was the next thing needed, or to know where money was to come from to pay the expenses of rent of recruiting offices, and of halls for recruiting meetings, advertising in the daily papers, travelling expenses, etc. It is here that we see the heads and hands of our old members that were not fit to do active duty, popping up. They formed themselves into an active Finance Committee and added a few enthusiastic friends of the Corps, such as Edward W. Kinsley, Esq., Alpheus Hardy, Esq., George W. Bond, Esq., John H. Emmons, Esq. This Committee was devoted to seeing that every want was supplied, even to replacing poor overcoats that were issued to the men of the Regiment with good ones of regulation pattern and color. Then they carried the vote, at a meeting of the Corps to turn over the Regimental Fund, the contents of the Cadet military chest — $1,200. A general recruiting office was opened in Niles' Block, School Street, next below City Hall, and put in charge of Cap tain George H. Quincy. This member was the most devoted of all. He could not go to the front, and not only recruited for the Regiment, but when it was full, he acted as its Home Agent during its term of service and continued on in his good work for other regiments until the end of the War. Recruiting offices were established up and down Washington Street, at the West End and at the South End. Captain Codman was the leading spirit and took charge of affairs. Soon after our return from Fort Warren the Government made a call upon the State authorities for seventeen regiments to serve nine months, as it was thought that the War would be closed in that time or less. No new regiments were allowed to be enlisted for three years, only recruits for the old regiments could enlist for that length of service, so the question of whether the Cadet regiment should start out to serve for three years, was settled. THE CADETS AT FORT WARREN 33 It now became necessary for the members in charge of recruiting offices to make trips to the surrounding towns to in fluence and convince the men enlisted by the town to fill its quota, and the Selectmen, that the best regiment about to take the field was the Cadet Regiment. In one town the Selectmen were very parti cular that their men should go only in a temperance Company. At a town meeting that evening the members of the Corps who ex pected to command the Company were called upon to speak, after one of the leading citizens had declared in a ringing speech that no Captain could have these men to command if he was not a temperance man. So when our member got up to speak, all the town was attention itself. He said, " I have visited several towns recruiting, but this is the ^rsl tha.t I have found so in accord with my ideas of what the men should profess before going forth to do battle in this just cause of our Government. I wish it distinctly understood that I am to command my Company, and I will say here and now, that if any man in my Company is not a temper ate man I will put him in the Guard House. Now if you mean what you say let every man of your quota step up here on the platform and sign the Enlistment Roll of my Company in the presence of the Selectmen and town people." The speech was enough to convince the most exacting citizen and the Selectmen, so the men came up and signed the Enlistment Roll. That member made as successful a Captain in the field as he did Recruiting officer at home. Barracks at the State Camp at Readville were designated as rendezvous for our Companies, and as none were yet full so that they could be sworn into the United States Service and draw rations and clothing, Captain Codman thought it would be a prudent move for the writer to take up his quarters there in the name of the Cadet Regiment. I did so in the latter part of August, 1862, and so reported to General Peirce, commanding the camp. My time was taken up with study and rehearsing for the position Captain Codman had tendered me, if he was elected Colonel. On the 26th of September, 1862, eight Companies having reported for duty and elected their officers, were sworn into the 34 , THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. United States Service, and the other two, H and I, were sworn in October 7th. On the 8th of October there was a meeting of all the Company officers at headquarters, to elect field officers. The result was — Captain Charles R. Codman, Adjutant of the Independent Corps of Cadets was elected Colonel ; Captain Oliver W. Peabody, Co. H, Lieut. Colonel ; Captain Russell Sturgis, Jr., Co. A, Major. Immediately the Colonel appointed his staff officers — Samuel Kneeland, Surgeon ; Joshua B. Tread- well, Assistant Surgeon ; Gershom C. Winsor, Adjutant ; Francis A. Dewson, Quartermaster ; Rev. Andrew L. Stone, Chaplain. The authorities at the State House had issued an order designating the official numbers of the nine months' Regiments of which the following is an extract : "The Regiment commanded by Colonel Charles R. Codman will be known as the Forty Fifth Regiment, Massachusetts Volunteer Militia." The birth of the Regiment had come. Others will write of its infancy and growth, but its older days should only be wrought and written by the future members of the First Corps of Cadets, M. V. M., and the descendants of those men who served satisfac torily and so well in camp, on the march, in bivouac, in battle and in hospital. It is to be hoped that the members of the Corps in the future will, if occasion requires, have the courage and ability to go to the State House and ask for the colors of the old Forty-Fifth, that they may recruit, officer, take to the front, fight and uphold with honor, and augment, if possible, the devotion of the Corps in sustaining the Government so well established by its members during the Civil War of 1861-1865. LIEUT. ALFRED WINSOR, JR., CO. H LIEUT. ALPHEUS H. HARDY, CO. E LIEUT. GEORGE E. POND, CO. A. LIEUT. EDWARD B. RICHARDSON, CO. A Ci^e Cadet Eegiment and tt0 friendji in 1862 BY LIEUT. ALPHEUS H. HARDY OF COMPANY E. Extracts from Talk given at the Winter Meeting, February 14, 1900. 'HE call of the President for three hundred thousand nine month's men revived the interest in the raising of a regiment, and on the 8th of August, 1862, an order was issued by Governor Andrew authorizing Charles R. Codman to raise a regiment for nine months' service. On the evening of that day a meeting was held in the Cadet Armory then on Tremont Street, in the third story of the build ing now occupied by W. S. Butler & Co. The outcome was to raise a regiment rather than join others engaged in like attempts. This meeting may be considered the genesis of the Regi ment. Practically all the younger men present backed the plan. It was understood from the beginning that Adjutant Codman was to command, and that he should elect the field and staff and direct the formation of Companies. Informally the assignments were made of Company Commanders, and these in turn associated with them others as junior officers. I say informally, for under the call we were to be militia, and all officers were under the militia system elected, not appointed. Nevertheless, it was clearly understood who were to be elected. The officers and the positions they were to hold were to be satisfactory to Colonel Codman. This arrangement made it certain that fit men were to be in the right place. No officer held a commission because of any " pull " at headquarters or elsewhere. The faults or weakness of the militia system did not obtain in the Forty-Fifth. The Cadet officers were accepted and commissioned because their Colonel believed them competent to fill the offices they held. The original grouping was as follows: Captain Russell Sturgis, Jr., with George P. Denny and George E. Pond. They 36 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V- M. opened a recruiting office at the rooms of the Young Men's Christian Association in the Tremont Temple, where the nucleus for a company was already formed. Later a sub-station was established in a tent on Franklin Street. This Company was the first to fill its ranks and became Company A, with the officers above named. Captain E. J. Minot was associated with Harrison Gardner and had their office at 77 Washington Street. Captain T. B. Wales, A. H. Hardy and J. Frank Emmons recruited first at 181 State Street, and later at the corner of School Street and City Hall Avenue, where Percival's Drug Store now is. Captain N. W. Bumstead, Samuel Thaxter and Alfred Winsor, Jr., were lo cated at 113 Washington Street. C. H. Walker and E. F. Daland were at 252 Washington Street, Captain Charles O. Rich with J. Dixwell Thompson were at 2 Congress Street. The first ad vertisement of Captain Rich associated with him Lieutenant Thaxter who later joined Captain Bumstead. Captain Joseph Murdock, who, by the way was the oldest man in the Corps at Fort Warren, and was mustered into the service of the United States at the age of fifty-two, recruited at 162 Washington Street with T. H. Thayer and B. H. Ticknor. Captain G. H. Homans, with L. W. Tappan, Jr., and Henshaw B. Walley were at 59 Milk Street. Captain J. M. Churchill with Lieutenant W. S. Bond recruited their Company in Milton. There is no record of their having a Boston Office. The daily papers from which the foregoing facts were taken, generally refer to the Regiment as the " Cadet Regiment." Many of the advertisements were so headed. No number had been assigned to it, for it was not yet in existence. The original grouping of officers was somewhat changed under the conditions arising during the recruiting. Mr. H. B. Walley did not serve with us. He was in delicate health and unfit for field service, although he afterwards received a commis sion as paymaster. As the seniority of Company Officers was determined by the order of time in which they were mustered in every exertion was .made to secure men. The forms of advertise ment were made to attract men to the various companies. One CAPT. E. J. MINOT, CO. C APT. GEORGE H. HO.MANS, CO. K CAPT. C. 11. RICH, CO. I CAPT. GEORGE P. DENNY, CO. A THE CADET REGIMENT 37 designated itself as " Sharpshooters ; " another, as " the best in the Regiment; " another urged men to volunteer and avoid being drafted. Officers visited various towns to secure their quotas of men, and posters advertising the Regiment were placed in all parts of the State. The result was shown in the composition of the Regiment. Company B was largely recruited in Milton and Dorchester. C had ninety or more men from Franklin. Sand wich and Barnstable sent above fifty to D. Swampscott had thirty in E. Framingham and Sudbury placed fifty in F. Brain- tree and the South Shore had thirty in G. Nantucket and the Vineyard made a majority in H. The record shows that more than two hundred towns and cities within and out of the State were represented in our ranks. Many of these town quotas were raised by gentlemen who properly represented their fellow townsmen, who came with them to the Forty-Fifth and served with us as commissioned or warrant officers. Among them were Hollis of B, from Milton, Sears of D, from Barnstable, Hurd of F, from Framingham, Whittaker of C, from Franklin. We received, too, smaller squads of men and drill clubs, who furnished many of our most efficient non-commissioned officers. We cannot follow this matter into detail, but enough has been given to show that the Regiment did not owe its exis tence to any organization other than the old Corps of Cadets. The origin was from it — its recruiting and organization was by them — fortunately it was cosmopolitan in its makeup, and was composed of the finest material to be secured in the whole Bay State. Twenty-eight of the Cadets served in the Forty-Fifth. The Adjutant of the Corps was Colonel Codman. Among the commanders of companies were Major Sturgis and Captains Churchill and Rich. Among the Sergeants were Captain Mur dock, Lieutenant Thompson and Adjutant Winsor. Among its Corporals were Captains Homans, Bumstead and Tappan and Lieutenant Thaxter. In the ranks were Lieutenants Bond, Emmons, Gardner, Pond, Richardson, Thayer, Winsor, Walker, and Hardy, Captains Daland, Denny, Minot and Wales, and Sergeants Bond, Dexter, Wellman and Maynadier. Mere men- 38 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. tion of these is sufficient to explain why we were called the " Cadet Regiment." Certain of the non-Cadet Officers have been named, and how they came to be with us, but there were still others. On September 9, 1862, I find that a new advertisement ap peared in the daily papers, " Massachusetts Rifle Association, O. W. Peabody, Recruiting Officer." Men wanted for the " Forty- Fifth Regiment, M. V. M." As has been said. Colonel Codman had the selection of his military family. His selection of his second in command was most fortunate, and brought to us that courtly gentleman and fine officer, Lieutenant-Colonel Peabody, who was mustered in as Captain of Company H, and in accor dance with the military procedure, was elected by the Company officers as Lieutenant-Colonel. This promoted Tappan to the Captaincy, made Winsor First Lieutenant and Post, then Orderly Sergeant, became Second Lieu tenant. Mr. Post came from New York and was a student at Harvard and became interested in the Forty-Fifth, because of friendship with some of its officers. The election of Captain Sturgis as Major gave Company A First Lieutenant Denny as Captain, and as Pond moved up. Lieutenant Richardson was promoted from First Sergeant. Among the other wise selections made by the Colonel was that of our efficient and faithful Quartermaster, F. A. Dewson, and our pioneer officer and accomplished engineer, Lieut. S. C. Ellis. Our Sergeant Major, H. G. Wheelock was a past member of the Cadets. The remaining non-Cadet line officers were Lieutenant Ticknor, a friend of Captain Murdock ; Lieutenant Ware, pro moted from First Sergeant ; Lieutenant Blagden, a close friend, and later the brother-in-law of Lieutenant Thompson, and Lieu tenant Robinson, who brought a number of men to Company K. All of these gentlemen were cordially received and contributed their full share to the efficiency of the Regiment and were after wards made members of the Cadet Corps. It must be remem bered that the Regiment was raised at a time when other organi zations were forming in and about Boston. The Fourth Battalion was developing into the Forty-Fourth, the Tigers into the Forty- CAPT- THOMAS 11 WALES, JR., CO.MPANY E CAPP. LEWIS W. TAPPAN, JR., COMPANY H CAPT. EDWARD F. I>AL,\ND, CO-MPANY F CAPT. JOSEPH M. CHURCHILL, COMP.\NY P THE CADET REGIMENT 39 Third, and the Forty-Second was filling its ranks. Of the three- year regiments, the Thirty Third, Thirty-Fourth, Thirty-Fifth and Thirty-Sixth were about to go to the front as well as the Ninth and Tenth Battalions. The call of the President made on July 4th tipon Massachusetts for fifteen thousand men was met within three months. On August 4th another call was made for nine teen thousand and ninety nine-month's men. They were to be "raised by draft." By December this requisition had been met by volunteering. Sixty-nine thousand and seven hundred men had been raised in Massachusetts, and thirteen thousand had shipped in the Navy before the close of the year 1862. On August 8th Colonel Codman received his authority to raise a regiment; on September 11th the camp at Readville was established ; on the 12th, Company B was in camp ; on the 18th, general orders officially designated the Regiment as the Forty- Fifth. On October 8, 1862, just two months from the meeting in the Cadet Armory, the Cadet Regiment was a part, a unit of the Grand Army of the Republic, and subject to the orders of the President of the United States. Of the friends of the Regiment it is still more difficult to write. It is impossible to enumerate them. All contributed to our comfort, encouragement and success You know their min istrations of love and kindly interest better than I, but there were a few incidents of helpfulness which may especially be mentioned. Our guns — they were the best then obtainable — the new Springfield, with interchangeable parts, strong and accurate. W ; might have gone out with the English Enfields. The Forty- Fourth had them, I think. If a man lost a ramrod of one of them none but an armorer could replace it. A broken lock was a useless musket. We might have carried the Austrian musket which would hardly carry a ball clear of its muzzle and send it anywhere but in the desired direction. There is a legend that the Assistant Adjutant General of the State expressed great satis faction when we broke camp. Our departure freed him from the insistence of the best all-round friend the Regiment had, who, it is said, blankly refused to take it out of the State until it was properly armed. Colonel Codman saw to it that we got what 40 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. was right for us to have. You must remember the thin, black, unserviceable overcoats worn by the men of the Forty-Sixth Regiment who joined us on the transport Mississippi. Our ser viceable and neat blue coats were provided for us by the efforts and guarantee of payment by " Friends of the Regiment." Not having names of guarantors, it may not be invidious to name a few whom memory recalls, while others are forgotten, but I am sure that Messrs. George William Bond, Thomas B. Wales and Alpheus Hardy were on the list, and that " Ned " Kinsley helped on the affair. A brother of his was one of our Sergeants, and another was in Company A, but " Ned " was a brother to the entire Regiment. A close friend and confidant of Governor Andrew, he kept the " Governor's Babies " always in mind. His keen interest and cheerful, enthusiastic face and manner is one of the pleasantest recollections of visiting friends in New Berne. There is also a legend that the friends of the Regiment paid for the instruments of the band, including Spofford's cornet, which blew backward its inspiring strains, and which is now an honored relic in the new Cadet Armory, together with the bass drum of the band. The Cadet Officers took a deep and helpful interest in us. Park Street Church, which gave us our devoted chaplain, Rev. Dr. A. L. Stone, was largely represented in Com pany A, and liberally contributed to our comfort by its gifts of goods and goodies. Captain Miles Blanchard of Swampscott, in his so'wester, bringing his lading of apples alongside the trans port in the harbor, was likewise a friend of the Regiment, with many others, too many to name, many of whom indeed are to us now only names, their roll call like ours shortened by death or wide separation. These details, trivial in themselves, and unimportant in fact may serve to quicken our memories, to bring back the days, when as boys, as many of us were, we chose to turn from home comforts to break in upon our life work, to set aside plans for the future and accept what there might be of trial and danger in the camp and field of battle. I have often envied the possession which the three year's men who have survived the War, of ex perience, of accomplishment, of wider and larger duty done. SERGT. -MAJ. HENKY G. WHEELOCK COMMISSARY SERGT. CHARLES F. RICHARDSON QUARTERMASTER FRANCIS A. DEWSON QUARTER.MASTER-SERGT. ARTHUR REED THE CADET REGIMENT 41 But there was no guarantee of exemption from sickness, danger and death for the nine month's militia men. They sickened in swamp and bayou, they were killed in battle and their bones lie at Fredericksburg, at Gettysburg, at Port Hudson, at Kinston, by the long seacoast, and the western rivers, with those of the men of longer enlistment, but no longer service. a f eto fam of 31ntetejst to a^emberji of ti^e fonp»r< ¦•« C»d lo cnlUl lu tbr raukit. Fall in prowpllT and «!• i««r part (annr^ rr«ctober 23, 1896, Read by Colonel Charles R. Codman at a meeting of the Forty-fifth Massachusetts Volunteers, March 18, 1897. 'LIVER WHITE PEABODY was born in Springfield, Mass., May 9, 1834. His parents were Rev. Wil liam Bourne Oliver Peabody and Elizabeth Amelia White. All his early associates were those of edu cation, refinement, integrity and piety. His father, a minister, distinguished in his day for scholarship, and for power and earn estness as a preacher devoted to his sacred office, and of a most tolerant and catholic spirit, was universally respected and be loved in Springfield, where he preached for twenty-seven years until his early death at the age of forty-eight. His mother, a woman of beautiful character and saintly life, had died some years before her husband. One of the Rev. Peabody's warmest friends was the Rev. Nathaniel Thayer, minister of the Unitarian Society in Lancas ter, Mass. It was through this association that the late John Eliot Thayer and his brother Nathaniel Thayer became interested in the orphan children of their father's friend, and Oliver W. Peabody and his brother Francis E. were taken into their office as clerks. At the beginning of the Civil War Oliver Peabody was one of the chief and trusted assistants in the house of John E. Thayer and Brother, a position more than likely to lead at no very distant day to a partnership in a bright, successful business, and thus to distinction and affluence. It was as certain as any thing in business can be, that wit h the abundant ability he pos sessed, he had only to work faithfully, and this he was sure to do, to become in time possessed of large means, comforts and luxur ies, as well as the great opportunities of wealth. Bnt the War of the Rebellion broke out. ¦ jr^^' --. •il '-»- LIEUT. -COL. OLIVER W. PEABODY OLIVER WHITE PEABODY 49 .Peabody had served in- the militia of the State, and thus ac quired some knowledge of military matters. As the war went on, he made up his mind that it was his duty to risk these prospects and to place the claims of his country above all. others. The members of the patriotic firm, in whose service he was, assured him that his place should be kept vacant to await his return to it, if he should live through his term of service, so he proceeded to raise a company for the Forty-fifth Massachusetts Volunteers. This he succeeded in doing, and was prepared to go into the field as its Captain, but upon the organization of the regiment, he was made Lieutenant Colonel, and in that capacity he served until the Regiment, which was enlisted for nine months, was mustered out and disbanded. His active service was in North Carolina in 1862 and 1863. He was in the actions at Kinston, Whitehall and Goldsboro, the regiment being a part of the Eighteenth Army Corps under com mand of Major General John G. Foster. During the rest of his life, Colonel Peabody remained, as long as his health permitted, active in business. About the close of the War, the new firm of Kidder, Peabody & Co., was established, successors to John E. Thayer & Brother. The high character of the firm to which he belonged is well understood in this community. He became in time a rich man. It is no exaggeration to say of him, that no man ever made a better use of his opportunities, or had a keener sense of the res ponsibilities of wealth. His life has been a public benefaction. He has aided liberally in many good works, social, charitable and religious. The beautiful church in the district of Boston called Ashmont, built through Colonel Peabody's generosity, was the direct expression of his Christian faith and is his chief memorial. In the military service Colonel Peabody had the warm esteem and affection of his fellow officers. The soldiers believed in him and trusted him, feeling that he was a man to be relied upon in any emergency. He showed himself brave, cool and very steady in action, and firm though considerate in discipline. Kindly and courteous he always was. All who have been brought into 'relations with him, either in 50 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. civil or military life will bear testimony to his personal attractive ness. It was easy to see that he united intelligence and force to an extraordinary charm of manner and kindness of heart. Those who knew him best, however, and had the privilege of being in timate with him, always recognized that it was his absolute integrity and conscientiousness in everything that he said and did, that were his most admirable as they were the most charac teristic of his good qualities. MAJOR RUSSELL STURGIS, JR. 91n jHemorr of mmmi ^turgijS, gjr., j^ajo^c f ortt-fift]^ megiment jmajsjsaci^ujsettjs Bolunteetiei. Died October 14, 1899. BY HISTORIAN. ^USSELL STURGIS, Jr., was born in the town of Milton, August 8, 1831. He came of an old Boston family, his ancestor, Edward Sturgis, emigrating to America from England in 1635. His father wa^ one of the leading merchants of Boston in the East India and China trade, and was also a member of the well known banking house of Baring Brothers of London. At three years of age he went with his father and mother to China, spending a few years in that country and in Macao and Manila. His mother died when he was but seven years of age, and he then returned to this country and was placed in the school of Mr. Green at Jamaica Plain and he formed a warm attachment for that very worthy gentleman. At the age of fourteen he entered the Boston Latin School, from thence to Phillips Academy where he fitted for Harvard College, which he entered in 1848. The next year his father started for China, but circumstances detained him for quite a length of time in England, and desiring to have his sons near him, the young men crossed the ocean and were placed by their father in a school in Brussels, Belgium, which was under the charge of a French Clergyman. In 1853, when twenty-two years of age he was offered and accepted a posi tion in the American Consulate at Shanghai, China, then in charge of Mr. Cunningham. It was while he was performing the duties of this position that the great Rebellion in China occurred. In a very interesting sketch of his life, which he prepared for his children some years before his death, he gives a vivid description of many scenes of which he was an eye witness, and describes in a modest way his entrance into the city, which was held by the 52 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. rebels. His interview with a rebel officer -at the gate of the city, his determined bravery in the presence of those fierce chiefs, and his demand for respect to the American flag and to all who owed allegiance to it, are all told most graphically and yet in few words. It is very evident that this young, brave, and high spirited American made a deep impression on those blood-thirsty Mongolians. He narrates that in those troublous times the American resi dents secured two howitzers and formed a gun squad, and the English residents organized a rifle battalion, all for mutual pro tection. One of the pleasantest sounds he ever heard was the " fife and drum " playing " Yankee Doodle " announcing the ap- proadti of a Company of Jack Tars marching to their relief. There are several occasions where his courage was severely tested, and we, who knew him so well a few years later, are sure that he did not falter in the supreme moment. In 1855, he returned to America and engaged in the East India business in Boston, with Mr. Henry Saltonstall. Mr. Stur gis had a decided leaning towards a military life, and seriously contemplated entering the United States Military Academy at West Point. In 1861 he was a member of the Independent Corps of Cadets and served with that battalion for a few months at Fort Warren. Relieved from duty there, he still continued his deep interest in military matters and the war, and in 1862 when the President issued his call for three hundred thousand men for nine month's service, he resolved to recruit a Company to be attached to the regiment which was then being raised under the auspices of the Independent Corps of Cadets. He recruited Company A and was its first Captain. During the summer months he had his home at Manchester-by-the-Sea, and it is a tribute to his manly, upright character that twenty-one of the best citizens of that town, enlisted at his solicitation in Com pany A. Before leaving Camp Meigs for the seat of war Captain Sturgis was promoted to, and received his Commission as Major of the Forty-fifth. Major Sturgis participated in most of the active work in which the Regiment was engaged, and in the Action at RUSSELL STURGIS, JR. 53 Dover Cross Roads, N. C, he commanded the scouting battalion and videttes, driving the enemy into breastworks before which there was a brisk action by a considerable portion of the Eigh teenth Army Corps. During our service in New Berne, Major Sturgis read the prayers for the day to his men and frequently read the service on Sundays in the Episcopal Church. While the Regiment was acting as " Provost Guard " in the city, he was a frequent visitor at the various hospitals where his bright smile and words of Christian cheer and counsel carried comfort and consolation to many a poor sufferer. He was greatly beloved in Manchester, taking a deep interest in its material prosperity and spiritual welfare and it was through his efforts that an Episcopal Church building was erected and on land donated by him. On his retirement from the Army he devoted a large portion of his time and efforts to the work of the Young Men's Christian Association, and he stands in the front rank as one of its founders in America. " Few religious or secular movements have ever de veloped into such huge proportions from so small beginnings. Wherever this grand Association flourishes, there the name of Russell Sturgis is rightly held in veneration, and no where has the institution been more successful than in Boston." He was very active in securing the former Association building on the corner of Eliot and Tremont Streets, arid still later the present elegant building on Boylston Street, and he was always a liberal contributor to the funds of the Association and was a member of the International Committee. His services in aid of poor and struggling Associations were constantly in demand, and were given without stint. He was for many years President of the Boston Association and up to his death, a member of the Board of Trustees. While at Portsmouth, N. H., he was stricken down with heart disease and died October 14, 1899. His death carried grief to the hearts of thousands of persons, whom he had met in the course of his busy life and who looked upon him as a personal friend. The esteem in which he was held by those who knew him, is well embodied in the following Resolutions of Company A Forty-fifth Associates passed at a meeting of the members : 54 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. Whereas : A Divine Providence has taken from our midst the President of this Association, Company A's first Captain, the Major of our dear old Regiment RUSSELL STURGIS Resolved : That in the death of Russell Sturgis, the Com pany A Associates have lost a life long friend and most valued member ; that by his devotion to the interests of Company A, in camp, and in the field, and by his thoughtful care of the sick and wounded in the hospital, he endeared himself to every member of our Company. Resolved : That by his upright life, his never ending service to his Divine Master, both in the Army and in after years, he was a living example to us all of a true Christian soldier and Gentleman. Resolved : That though we mourn his loss, we feel assured that he has gone to his reward in heaven, to continue in the ser vice to which he devoted so much of his life while on earth. Resolved: That these Resolutions be entered upon the Records of the Association, and that a copy be sent to the family with the heartfelt sympathy of the members. Ci^e Wat ^tatuj8, toi^en tl^e 0im aponti^js' Croopjs toere Called BY AN OFFICER OF THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. ^T is probable that in the year 1862, the greater part of the people of the Northern States, did not fully ap preciate the greatness and difficulty of the work that they had undertaken in reducing the revolted States and people. From the very beginning there had been illusions on this subject. Early in the war, Mr. Seward, Secretary of State, in public speech and diplomatic correspondence, had boldly stated his opinion that the efforts which the government was making would surely suppress the rebellion in sixty days' time. The first battle of Bull Run very rudely dissipated any hopes founded upon the opinion of even so distinguished and thoughtful a public man as Mr. Seward. It became evident that the southern white people were substantially united ; and that they had "a large territory, not easy to be overrun, and capable of subsisting and supporting for a long period, all the armies that the new Confederacy could put into the field. It was clear that their troops were fired with enthusiasm, and that they could fight to the last. And yet even as late as in 1862, the administration, if it may be judged by its official acts, did not seem fully to realize these facts. It may be that it doubted whether the northern people could yet be brought to realize them. It is, of course possible, that Congress and the Executive, while fully appreciating the magnitude of the contest which was then approaching the high-water mark of intensity, feared that, if too great sacrifices were demanded of the people, they might falter and consent to some sort of disunion for sake of peace. The existence of some such fear may have induced the Government to take measures which no Government that did not 65 56 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. absolutely depend upon popular support, and which was not at the same time uncertain of possessing that support, would have been likely to have attempted. It was determined to call for Volunteers for" three years, or the war, and to call for militia from certain states to serve nine months. It is easy to see now, that this last call was a military, if not a political, mistake. It proposed to draw newly raised troops into the service of the United States for a period just long enough to train them to be good soldiers, and then disband them at the moment they had arrived at a high point of efficiency. It was true that many trained men might re-enlist, as many did, but the loss of disciplined organizations, was a serious dis advantage. That the policy was wasteful and short-sighted, if judged exclusively as a military question, seems certain. But when it is considered in its political aspects it must be admitted that there is much to be said to qualify such a judg ment. Abraham Lincoln, as well as any man of his time, or any public man that has ever lived in this country, understood the peculiar character of the American people. He knew their vir tues and he knew their limitations. That they were resolute when their blood was up, and cap able of endurance and patience, he surely well understood. But he did not fail also to appreciate that his countrymen are of all men, the most optimistic, the most easy-going, and the most hopeful. Foreigners call them vain, and a well-known English writer has said, "that the American nation is the vainest and the most generous on the face of the earth."* Mr. Lincoln himself though certainly as free from personal vanity, as any man that ever lived, may have shared to some extent the general opinion of his countrymen that the great superiority of the North in pop ulation and wealth, as well as the moral forces that underlay its cause, would give it a speedy triumph, without any approach to the exhaustion of its resources ; and if the President did not him self share this confident expectation, he must have known that it * Charles Reade. THE WAR STATUS , 57 existed, and that it was general ; and that if the Administration was to take the attitude of an alarmist, it would lose the sym pathy of the people and so be subjected to very great embarass- ment, in practically carrying out measures more vigorous than public opinion was ready to sustain. While it is possible that the reasons which have thus far been adduced to account for the action of the United States government in resorting to apparently halfway and inconclusive measures are purely conjectural ; there are other considerations relating to the attitude of foreign countries, which probably had a more direct bearing upon the action of Mr. Lincoln and his advisors. They may very naturally have reasoned that to do anything which looked like calling for the last man or the last dollar might be interpreted abroad, if not at home, as a confession that the United States were at the end of their resources, at a time when their armies had made no very serious impression upon the re volted South ; and might thus supply the motive and the occa. sion for European intervention. It could hardly have been supposed that military observers in Europe, especially those whose prejudices tended to make them favor the Southern cause, would be disposed, at this time, to believe that the overthrow of the Rebellion was assured. Grant, it is true, had won his victories in Tennessee, and was beginning the campaigns which resulted in a little less than a year, in the capture of Vicksburg. A lodgment upon the coast of North Carolina had been made by Burnside at New Berne. But hardly anywhere else in the theatre of operations had the forces of the United States made substantial progress ; and the war had been going on for more than a year. McClellan's army had failed to take Richmond, and its only great victory had been that at Antietam ; and this was rather a successful defence of Washington and the North, than an effective blow at the Confederacy. The object then of calling for troops, to serve for a short time may have been to an nounce in this way, not only to the country, but to foreign nations, that the American Government was far from doubting that its cause would triumph at no distant period. 58 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. It was no doubt necessary to keep up a bold front, and to show no signs of discouragement, or of lack of confidence. There was believed to be danger of intervention in favor of the South from both France and England. France, then under, the rule of Louis Napoleon, a ruler absolutely devoid of moral, or political principle, and seeking only the aggrandizement of his dynasty, was placed in a position of jealousy and hostility to the United States. It is now well known that, if he could have persuaded Eng land to join him, the French Emperor was ready and desirous to establish a new power in America to counteract the influence and control the territorial limits of the great Northern Republic. A Southern Confederacy, owing its existence to him, might be depended upon to offer no resistance to the occupation of Mexico, which he, undoubtedly meditated as early as 1862, and which he subsequently undertook. That the full significance of the over throw of the rebellion was at once recognized by Louis Napoleon, confirms this view. Lee had hardly surrendered when the French troops were withdrawn from Mexico, leaving to his miserable fate the unfor tunate Austrian prince, who had weakly permitted himself to be the instrument of a ruler, whose past record would appear to have demonstrated clearly enough, that neither oaths, nor promises, would ever restrain him in any political action that he deemed necessary to the attainment of his ends. The danger of intervention by England in favor of the South was, probably, never very great. There was always a large body of Englishmen, that was outspoken in its sympathy with the North, and this body was fully able to deal with the sympathisers with southern secession. It was only when the British pride of nationality was aroused, which happened in the stoppage of the Trent by Captain Wilkes, and the seizure of the Confederate Envoys, that any serious danger of active intervention arose. Nevertheless, the fear of such intervention was always present to American statesmen, and it was a factor always to be taken into consideration in determining the public acts of the Administra tion. THE WAR STATUS 59 It is not unreasonable, therefore, to suppose that the prob able effect of the measures upon the public opinion of foreign nations, and especially upon the action of France and England, may have had deciding weight in the counsels of President Lin coln and his advisors, and may have convinced them that no policy should be proclaimed as that of the American Govern ment which would imply any lack of confidence in the ultimate success of the National arms. The Proclamation of the President calling militia into the service of the United States was issued in the summer of 1862. Of these several regiments were from Massachusetts. The subsequent chapters of this work deal with the experiences and services of one of these regiments. camp a^e(8!2i, meatitille BY PRIVATE JOSEPH G. DALTON OF COMPANY F. ]AMP MEIGS was one of the ten camps of rendezvous formed in the State and mostly named after eminent American generals. It was doubtless so-called for Quartermaster-General Montgomery C. Meigs of Chattanooga memory and much important service. It was located in Norfolk County, about ten miles from Boston, a few rods from Readville Station on the Boston & Providence Railroad, within the limits of the town of Hyde Park, and three miles from Ded- ham Centre. It was upon a nearly level tract of high land bor dering on Milton Street, of which our Regiment occupied a rec tangular space of about eight or ten acres. To the south and east the field spread in a gentle slope to the Neponset River some three-quarters of a mile away, whose winding course forms the north-west boundary of Milton. It is a slow stream there about fifty feet wide, and unseen from the camp because of a belt of scrub oak and birch on the edge of the lowland. The Blue Hill Summit, a little east of south, and not far off on the other side of the river, was the prominent feature in the landscape, with its hilly range extending easterly. Our barracks were ten parallel one-story buildings, about eighty feet long, of plain boards, with doors at each end, a spac ious parade ground in front, and separated by a lane in the rear from the cook-houses. Near by in the same direction were the officers' tents and mess rooms and the buildings of the Quarter master and medical departments. Other regiments were simi larly housed on the west of us, leaving the view unobstructed to the east and south. This encampment formed the principal school of the soldier for volunteers in the eastern part of the State. Here several other nine-month's regiments, of which were the Forty-Second, Forty-Third and Forty- Fourth had preceded us by some weeks. Caml3of^5^^Kecii. M.VM. at Camb Meigs, Readville, Mass. j|p^-" 1 i^0^ ? iailliiHiiiiMiiiiiiiiiii'i^lBKiiniiiTi liiliiiilli imt^tmmtmJim t',,7, CAMP MEIGS 61 ARRIVAL OF COMPANIES AT CAMP. Early in September a part of the Forty-Fifth were gathered here ; Company D came on the 12th, Company A on the 15th, and others at intervals. Company F was mustered into service on the 26th together with six other Companies, and one on Octo ber 7th. Many men were then hastening to enlist as only a few days remained of volunteering, for the paying of bounties was to cease and the draft to begin October 1st, afterwards postponed to the 15th. Our field and staff officers and the last companies were sworn in on the morning of October 8, and we then became a United States Regiment, though still part of the State militia. There upon in the afternoon was the first regimental parade and drill. This, the birthday of the Corps had been very warm, eighty degrees even at its close. The sunset was the most splendid of the year and one of the most notable of a lifetime for its gorgeous variety of vivid and rare colors and contrasts, and their continu ance for more than an hour. If taken as symbolical, a sort of chromatic horoscope of our career, this was rather overdone, too bright and lasting for a short-term Regiment, and a future scene of action not where the war raged severest. Leaving fancy, I add here what other facts of the weather were recorded. Nearly all the latter part of Sep tember was fine, but on the twenty-eighth hard rain most of the day. The first ten days of October were clear and warm ; the eleventh to thirteenth were rainy ; the nineteenth, a bright day, and the last three or four days of the month were finest autumnal weather. The dampness of the ground in places and the frequent fogs affected the health of those on guard at night. REGULATIONS FOR THE RENDEZVOUS OF THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT AT READVILLE. Reveille at 5 A. M., when the Company Rolls will be called, after which the quarters will be put in order. Breakfast at 6 A. M. 62 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. Surgeon's Call at 7 A. M., when sick men will be conducted to the Surgeon" or reported to him by the First Sergeants, if unable to report in person. Guard Mounting at 7.30 A. M. First Sergeant's Call at 8 A. M., when they will report to the Adjutant for orders. Drills from 8.30 A. M. toll A. M. ; drum practice at the same time. Dinner at 12 M. Drills from 2 to 4 P. M., or longer, at the discretion of officers con ducting drills, or according to suoli orders as they may receive. Tea at 6 P. M. Retreat at sunset, when the Company Rolls will be called, and if ordered, there will be a dress parade. Tattoo at 9 P. M., when the Company Rolls will be called. Taps at 9.20 P. M., when all lights must be extinguished, except those at Headquarters and at the Guard Tent. Morning Reports of Companies signed by the Captains and First Sergeants, must be handed to the Adjutant before eight o'clock every morning. Each cook-house will be in charge of a non-commissioned officer appointed by the Captain of the Company. The greatest attention will be paid by all officers and soldiers to the cleanliness of the camp, and of its inhabitants.. The attention of all officers and soldiers is called to the following extract from the Army Regulations, which will be strictly observed in this Camp : " Courtesy among military men is indispensable to discipline. Respect to superiors will not be confined to obedience on duty, but will be extended to all occasions. It is always the duty of the inferior to accost or to offer first the customary salutation, and of the superior to return such complimentary notice. Sergeants with swords drawn will salute by bringing them to a present ; with muskets, by bringing the left hand across the body so as to strike the musket near the right shoulder. Corporals out of the ranks, and privates, not sentries, will salute in like manner ; and when a soldier, without arms or with side arms only, meets an officer, he is to raise his hand to the right side of the visor of his cap, palm to the front, elbow raised as high as the shoulder, looking at the same time in a respectful and soldierlike manner, at the officer, who will return the compliment thus offered. A non-commissioned officer or soldier seated and without particu lar occupation will rise on the approach of an officer and make the cus- LIEUT. J. FRANK EMMONS, CO. E LIEUT. LEWIS R. WHITAKER, CO. C LIEUT. THEODORE A. THAYER, CO. G LIEUT. WILLIAM S. BOND, CO. B CAMP MEIGS 63 tomary salutation. If standing, he will turn toward the officer for the same purpose. If the parties remain in the same place on the same ground such compliments need not be repeated." Sergeant G. C. Winsor of the Company of Cadets, 1st Division, Mass. V. M., has been appointed to act as Adjutant, and private Francis A. Dewson of Company A of the Forty-Fifth Regiment has been ap pointed to act as Quartermaster of this Encampment, and they will be obeyed and respected accordingly. Doctor Cleveland, of Tisbury, has been appointed Acting Assistant Surgeon, and will be obeyed and respected accordingly. The Commanding Officer expects and believes that the conduct of the soldiers will be creditable to themselves and to the Commonwealth ; that the inevitable hardships of camp life will be cheerfully and patiently submitted to, and that rapid progress will be made in disci pline and drill. By order of Capt. C. R. Codman, Com^g Rendezvous of 45th Mass. Vols. G. C. WINSOR, Acting Post Adjutant. Readville, September 12, 1862. RECRUITS FROM ALL THE WALKS OF LIFE. The recruits came, of course, from many classes and occupa tions. A few had got some previous training either in the Militia or in the Home Guards which had been formed in many towns. These often had some military touches in their dress, and in their talk were ready to take almost any position, preferably one of command. Only the test of time proved whether they made better or worse soldiers than the rest. The majority were raw recruits, who came in their ordinary dress from their usual pur suits, from the field and plow, the workshop, the factory and rail road, the nautical trades, the country store and the city office, and were generally endowed with the patriotic spirit and sound quali ties of character. The really bad element was but slightly repre sented in our Regiment. The average morale in the Forty-Fifth and the Forty-Fourth was unexcelled by any other of the Massa chusetts Volunteers. The very young men were numerous, and I believe there were a few who were past the age of exemption 64 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. from service, but who had been enlisted through their manifest devotion and capability, capable also of " remembering to forget " the exact date of their birth. The formalities and restraint of army discipline were irksome at first to many of these free citizens, who were slow to realize the necessity of outward respect and prompt obedience to the officers over them, of whom some were their familiar acquaintances, and the need of precision and system everywhere in the machine of war which they were to form. Frequent and animated were the discussions and criticism on these points, wherein those of some prior experience were influential toward the contented sub ordination that on the whole soon prevailed. Free men finding themselves voluntarily under despotic rule, each willingly gave up some personal rights for the general good. The confinement within the camp lines was relieved, particularly in the last week or two, by liberal allowance of brief furloughs so necessary to many who had enlisted at very short notice, and all were given a chance to settle their business and family affairs before a depar ture which might know no return. REVEILLE AND THE BREAKFAST CALL. Though the line of hills on the eastern horizon somewhat delayed the sunrise, our morning rise was none the less early, and the daily round began with the sounding of reveille at five o'clock, when to the rattle of drums the men were mustered and formed in line by the first sergeants in the company streets to answer the roll call, or inside the barracks in foul weather. Then being dis missed, they were busied in making up their bunks and putting everything about their quarters in proper order. Shortly came another signal from the drums, the welcome call to breakfast. For every meal, each man having a tin plate and cup provided by the Government, we marched in single file to the windows of the cook-houses, wherefrom ample slices of bread and meat, and the beans or rice, were passed to us, and our cups filled with tea or coffee. These beverages may not have been of the very best, but thinking of the vile decoctions we got soon after on board the transport, I am willing, at this late date, to call them first- CAMP MEIGS . . 65 rate. The rations thus served were usually partaken of in-doors, and the meal made sociable in parties about the barracks. Soon after breakfast the drums were heard again, this time for guard- mounting to replace those on duty during the night, and a detail from each company were marched to the parade ground, the names of those to serve having been given out at roll call on the previous evening by the Sergeants. GUARD DUTY. It was at Guard Mounting that we got some, of the best of our first lessons in method and promptness. The quick, sharp way of the Adjutant in inspecting our rifles made us soon expert in handling and catching them, to avoid bruised fingers or toes ; and when his critical eye found anything amiss in dress or equip ment, the culprit was likely to be put upon the "police" detail to do scavenger work and dirty jobs, and wield a broom or rake instead of a musket for that day. The cordon of sentries around the camp, about forty yards apart, were relieved every two hours — easy duty compared to the tedious four hours on Provost Guard at New Berne afterward. Post One, at the main entrance, was a coveted place for its liveliness, but with duties more urgent and varied than at the other posts, for in pleasant weather the stream of visitors was unceasing alL day. No raw recruit was stationed there except in the early days of such duty, when once a very verdant man at that post did not act and speak up aright, and the guard failed to turn out on approach of the Colonel. After that, such a man was posted at some other part of the line where a larger number denoted his post and his role was more simple. COMPANY AND REGIMENTAL DRILLS. The next movement, in suitable weather (not actual rain), was the Company Drill. The drum-beat for this brought each company out, and all, save the men on guard were drilled by their Captains or Lieutenants for the rest of the forenoon until the recall was sounded shortly before dinner-time. Then again the lines marched on the cook-houses to the clattering din on the glittering tin things, signals of the sharp appetites for the princi pal feed of the day. The hour of noontide was the best oppor- 66 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. tunity for intercourse with visiting relatives and friends, and parents came to see their boys ; brothers, sisters and cousins, or wife and children of the recruit came, often bringing home-made dainties to add to the camp rations, and all dining together in groups about the barracks, — groups lively indeed to the casual eye and ear, but betraying tokens of natural anxiety more and more as the day of separation drew near. Our military training, so novel to most of us, was, in the pleasant autumn and on our own "native heath," much less ar duous than the hard service we saw soon after in the enemy's country. Yet there was much to do and learn in the process of transforming new recruits into efficient soldiers. One principal work was, of course, the drilling; at first in marching and facing, by squads or by company, nearly every day and sometimes twice a day, and afterward in the manual of arms also. Strange to say, there was no target practice during our whole term, so that surely not one in ten of us was a fairly good shot with his weapon. The battalion and regimental drills, less frequent than the others, occurred in the afternoon under command of the Colonel or Lieutenant-Colonel. Being very important ones the strictest attendance of officers as well as men was enforced by Colonel Codman, many of the former needing instruction and practice as much as the enlisted men. To the latter these occa sions gave a certain satisfaction when their own tutors got a touch of the same discipline and reprimand undergone by them selves. The first drills by the Colonel in person were, I think, on the fourteenth and fifteenth of October. These drills closed about half an hour before the dress parade, in time for all to appear there looking their best. The dress parade concluded the evolutions of the day, and was enlivened by music of the full band, and made interesting by the company reports of the First sergeants, and the reading of papers drawn from his belt by the Adjutant, which might include marching orders or notice of a court martial, and confirm or refute the various rumors always afloat. Finally we march off, the band in advance, the companies going to quarters separately by tap of drum. The parade was LIEUT. APIJAH HOLLIS LIEUT. THEODOKEC. HURD LIEUT. SAMUEL THAXTEK, JR. LIEUT. BENJ. H. TICKNOR CAMP MEIGS 67 followed by supper, and all except the guard were at liberty within the lines until "taps" at 9 P. M., when lights in the barracks must be put out. SOCIAL LIFE IN THE BARRACKS. The evenings were passed in recreative ways and lively scenes in the buildings were common. In some were music and dancing, or games of cards, etc. ; the familiar war songs of the time were sung by many voices, and the chorus being often caught up from one part to another, the whole camp rang with the inspiring strains. Religious meetings were also frequent in one or other of the buildings, and many joined in the services by speaking or singing. These were real union meetings, no one denomination prevailing. Permission to pass the lines was often given, and in the leisure parts of the day we had various diversions, such as going in swimming at the river or a pond near by, when the weather was warm enough, as on September 27, October 7, 8 and 9, with occasional football games (the Colonel did not join in these, though good at it when in college), and gymnastic feats, where the stouter muscle of the sailor-man was oft excelled by the slim civilian. Some took long pedestrian trips in the vicinity, and the band playing on top of the big hill one day. We were spor tive enough, but not so much so as a regiment within one of us, which decorated its barracks with Chinese lanterns, flags, and many gay devices, mottoes and ornaments, and while in the ser vice got up a song-book, newspaper, magazine, debating club, concerts, and even dramas, balls, masquerades, and opera. RELATIONS OF OFFICERS AND MEN. In due course of time officers and men became well ac quainted with each other and with their several duties, and the espfil de corps grew to a unity of purpose and fellow-feeling in a common interest and ambition to win. a good record for the Regiment. Of the large number who met at first as strangers, individuals were soon influenced by sundry affinities or contrasts, and attachments began which lasted through the campaign, at least • or after often sharing each other's blankets and rations 68 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. and experiencing perils, hardship and adventure in the wild scenes of bivouac, march and battle together, resulted in friend. ships to be cherished during life. A VISIT FROM GOVERNOR ANDREW. On October 15th we were reviewed by Governor Andrew, who, with his staff and medical men, was on a tour of inspection of all the camps at Readville. On the morning of the twenty-second the Regiment marched to the railroad depot to see off for New Berne the Forty-Fourth, which had been at Camp Meigs since August 29th. One pleasant Sunday morning our Regiment at tended service at the Park Street Church in Boston, and heard a discourse by our Chaplain, Rev. A. L. Stone, who afterward became endeared to all. Our first marching drill with muskets was on October 27th. About the twenty-ninth a case of varioloid appeared somewhere in the camps, and a general vaccination was ordered. Each company of us filed to the hospital where every man received the lancet and virus in his arm — fortunate those who suffered no worse wound or disease during the service. This operation had its compensation for who those " took " it severely,. as they were excused from drill or got their leaves of absence at that time. On the twenty-eighth and twenty-ninth the new rifles and some clothing, such as blouses, gloves, etc., were distributed ;. on the thirtieth the height, weight, and a detailed description of each man were recorded. MARCHING ORDERS. We were now under marching orders and it was known that our destination was North Carolina, not the Army of the Potomac as had been supposed. November 1, each man's gun was stamped with a number to identify it as his special charge to keep, and to maintain in prime order and a high state of polish. We were- armed with the Springfield rifles. The Forty-Fourth carried Enfield rifles captured in a blockade runner. November 1st was a gala day. The Governor was again present with General Pierce, Commandant of the Post, and the grounds were en fete with our best display, and a throng of visitors in carriages and on foot. The occasion was chiefly the presen- CAMP MEIGS 69 tation of a handsome blue silk banner to the Regiment from ladies, personal friends of the officers. Most of those present were visiting us for the last time. GOOD-BY TO CAMP MEIGS. The final days here were busy with the preparation for leav ing, and early in the morning of November 5th blankets were rolled up and knapsacks packed. Many trifles that had accu mulated in our quarters had to be left, or were cast into the fires, where the camp kettles hung, cooking our parting meal. The sentries on their well-worn paths were relieved for the last time, and at ten A. M. the Regiment was ready to march. We left the fire still burning by the guard tent, where at night we had smoked our pipes and tended the potatoes roasting in the ashes for our midnight lunch, or, wrapped in our blankets, feet to the fire, had slept till aroused to go upon guard at our several posts. The deserted barracks remained in memory as the scenes of an active and mostly pleasant life, with comforts often lacking in camps occupied afterward. To the tunes of " Auld Lang Syne " and the like by the band, we marched to the station, whence the train bore us away about eleven A. M., and we embarked the same day, with the Forty-Sixth Regiment, on the iron steamer Mississippi for transfer to New Berne. from KeaDbille to laporei^eaD Citr, B. C. BY PRIVATE FRANKLIN H. DEAN, COMPANY A. ' OUBTLESS the least interesting portion of the ex perience of the Forty-Fifth Regiment is the history of its trip from Readville to Morehead City, N. C. Not that the passage was devoid of incident, but be cause it was evidently free from inspiration. Dull and eventless camp life sometimes becomes monotonous, but lying between decks in bunks, dark and comfortless, is stagnation. MARCHING ORDERS AND DEPARTURE FROM READVILLE. On the first days in November, it began to be rumored about Camp Meigs that " marching orders " had come. Many were the speculations as to the Regiment's destination, and various arguments were advanced to the effect that it must be, as each disputant presented his case, the Potomac, New Orleans, Texas, and New Berne. At last the official order was read at " Dress Parade " and general satisfaction seemed to prevail that New Berne was to be our destination. After this all was activity in our camp, and to the untried soldier it was the great question how all the accumulations of comforts of a month in camp could be transported in knapsack, haversack, or canteen, to a new camp facing the enemy in North Carolina. The sequel proved that these accumulations must remain behind for the benefit of those who were to follow us in the occupation of the Readville bar racks. The last evening in camp was spent as had been the cus tom by the presence of many friends of the Regiment. " Taps " were sounded, and the boys slept for the last night where they first formed their army associates and friendships. On the morning of N o vember 5th, the Forty Fifth Regiment fell into line, equipped for the march, and went directly to the little station on the Boston and Providence Railroad at Readville, where they boarded the train for Boston. 70 "^, FRANKLI.X H. DEAN, CO. A READVILLE TO MOREHEAD CITY 71 ARRIVAL IN BOSTON AND RECEPTION ON THE COMMON. After the usual delays attending such movements, the boys formed in line at the Park-Square Station, about noon, to march to the Charles-Street Mall on the Common. Drawn up in line to receive us, and accompanied by many past officers and mem bers, was the Independent Corps of Cadets, who honored the regiment by performing escort duty for the day. Taking up the line of march, the Regiment came to a halt near the Beacon Street end of the Mall. The Parade Ground of the Common was roped off, and some five thousand or more people standing outside greeted the boys. The Boston Journal commenting said, " the men wore their new overcoats, and looked in fine condition." An abundant repast of sandwiches, cake and coffee had been prepared by Boston ladies, and appetites whetted by keen Novem ber air caused those good things to disappear in a very brief time. Then those who were fortunate enough to have family and other friends present managed to bid them " good-by. " Colonel Codman, having the natural and pardonable pride of a Bostonian in his own city, then put the Regiment through some manoeuvres to the delight and applause of friends gathered outside the ropes. Then, forming the men in a hollow square, the officers stepped to the centre and John A. Andrew, to be known in all history as the War Governor of Massachusetts, stepped into the square and presented the Regiment with the colors of the old Commonwealth. Among the many inspiring utterances coming from his lips, Governor Andrew said in part — " I know, whatever future may betide you, the people of Massa chusetts will always maintain in their hearts the unfailing cer tainty that the honor of the Commonwealth, the dignity of their own character, the fidelity of their own purpose will be fitly rep resented whether in the police or morals of the camp, or in the sharp conflict of the battle-field; wherever your swords are drawn, louder than the din of battle, let your exulting shout crown the hour of Victory ; higher than our Eagle soars, let the flame of your patriotism ascend toward the skies and pure as the white field of the flag of the Commonwealth shall be the firm ness of your patriotic loyalty. Go Sirs ! Go Gentlemen ! Go 72 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. Soldiers ! The sympathy of the old Bay State accompanies you to the field, and the prayers of good men whom you leave behind you shall attend in every conflict, and the blessing of God him self be with you and our Holy Cause forever !" Colonel Codman said on receiving the colors, ''The future will tell you how much we deserve the enconium you have passed upon us." After this the Regiment, under the escort, passed off the Common, marching through Beacon, Tremont, Court, State and Commer cial Streets to Battery Wharf where the transport steamship Mississippi lay waiting to receive our command. The sidewalks along the line of march were thronged with people, and the balconies and windows crowded with ladies who vied with each other in giving the Forty-Fifth Regiment evidence of their esteem and affection. The Transcript of that day said, "As the Cadet Regiment was marching through Tremont Street, Colonel Chickering's command, escorting the distinguished Gen eral Banks, moved along Washington Street, affording an excel lent opportunity of viewing both regiments." EMBARKATION FOR NORTH CAROLINA. On reaching Battery Wharf, a strong guard was placed to keep the public away, and as quickly as possible, the whole Regi ment, and three companies of the Forty-Sixth, with line officers, baggage, horses, etc., were placed on board, and, as the sun de scended below the New England hills, the huge transport swung into the stream and steamed down the bay to its anchorage in President Roads. During the night the wind came squarely round to the east, and in the morning a severe storm was raging. The steamers Mississippi and Merrimac, which now lay near each other, had been, fitted up with bunks, three tiers deep, with nar row aisles between the tiers, the whole space dimly lighted, and the means of ventilation anything but satisfactory. Added to this was the mysterious character of the. rations dipped from a large caldron, and the tepid water, condensed for drinking, the tea, black in color and oily in taste, said by the growlers to be made from the black overcoats of our friends of the Forty-Sixth ; READVILLE TO MOREHEAD CITY 73 all this, with the rolling of the steamer, produced, in many, a nausea that was anything but romantic. This state of affairs continued for five days, until the writer's condition reminded him of the Hibernian woman who said, " By me faith, I lay spacheless, six wakes in the hot month of Arugust, flat on me back, face downwards, and me only cry was — 'wather, wather '." Some of the men soon discovered that by taking one of the lanterns that shed its dim rays on the scene, ascending to the deck and passing down a narrow staircase forward, they could have it replenished with oil, and themselves replenished with an abundant supply of ice water. Never before in the his tory of the lighting did lamps need replenishing so often ! The Boston yournal of the 8th, said, " So many men having been gathered together in a small space scarcely any of whom have been at sea, has been productive of considerable sea-sickness and suffering among the men, and it has been desirable and necessary to cleanse and purify the vessels before proceeding to sea. One private, named Snell, who was sick when the Regiment em barked, died yesterday, and the body was brought to the city this afternoon." The following " General Order " was issued by the Adjutant General — "The Forty-Third, Forty-Fifth and Forty-Sixth Regi ments Massachusetts Volunteer Militia on board the transports Merrimac and Mississippi in Boston Harbor will be at once taken from their transports and placed in Forts Warren and Independence, and wherever accommodations can be found for them, where they will remain until the ships are cleaned of filth) and made ready again to receive the troops Colonel Codman of the Forty-Fifth will promulgate this order to the officers com manding the Forty-Third and Forty-Sixth Regiments, and will see to the execution of it. General Schouler has gone down the harbor to personally attend to the condition of the men." The writer finds upon consulting the different authorities that this order was not carried out because of the unwillingness of the commanders of the forts above mentioned to receive the troops. The matter was finally adjusted by taking the Forty-Sixth Regi ment to the city and quartering the men at Faneuil Hall. 74 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. The Boston Journal of the 10th said, " The all prevailing topic of this week is the condition of the troops on board the Merrimac and Mississippi, and a great deal of anxiety is felt and expressed for the comfort of the troops. There are not two finer transport steamers in the employ of the Government than the Merrimac and the Mississippi." In ordinary weather the steamers could have carried the troops embarked on them much more comfortably than the British soldiers were transported. As soon as the facts of the above-named " General Order " were made known, Quartermaster McKim took possession of the steamer Saxon, Captain Matthews, of the Boston and Philadelphia line of steamers, that was to have sailed Saturday at four o'clock, P. M, The freight was dis charged, and she was quickly made ready to receive the Forty- Sixth Regiment. On the 18th, there appeared in the city dailies a letter from Chaplain Stone in reference to a sensational article appearing in the Evening Express, which represented the Forty-Fifth in a state of open rebellion. He said, " No state ment could have been more unfounded in fact. Their cheerful ness, their harmony, their perfect obedience to orders, their un murmuring consent to all that is disagreeable and trying in their situation, have been the delight and pride of their officers. There is considerable intelligence in these regiments, and not a few of the men are capable of wondering why they were hurried away from Readville, and packed on board a transport ship with hardly room to draw a long breath, to wait here four days for a convoy, the necessity for which was as well understood before they left as since. The commander of this vessel, the veteran Cap tain Baxter, remarked to-day at table, 'Well, Colonel, I must give your men the palm above all I have yet carried, for orderly and peaceful conduct on board, because they have been through severer trials than any others.' " A pleasant incident associated with the Boston Harbor ex perience is worthy to be recalled. When the Swampscott boys enlisted, they suffered in common with others while waiting to make their trip to the South. Captain Blanchard, learning of their state, came home and related it to the people. Immedi- READVILLE TO MOREHEAD CITY 75 ately he collected a large store of goods, among them being many barrels of apples, which the farmers supplied. The Captain took them to Boston over the water, during a terrific storm. It was so bad that the crew asked many times to return, and thought he was crazy to' venture further. He kept on, and successfully landed his cargo, which was greatly appreciated by the boys. When the Forty-Sixth Regiment joined the rest down the bay on board the Saxon, the men were greeted with, " Did you dine at Parker's?" " How are the girls.?" " Is Faneuil Hall in Dock Square now?" Aggravating replies of an exaggerated character were given. One had a good night's rest, but didn't sleep a wink. On the 10th, the convoy Huron having arrived, the fleet was, towards evening, at last ready to sail. Shortly after a signal from the warship, the Mississippi led off the column followed by the Saxon a half mile distant, and close upon her was the Merrimac, and bring ing up in the rear was the Huron, having on board ample means with a gallant crew to defend the fleet against Confederate cruisers. It was ordered that the fleet keep as close as possible to each other for the purpose of protection, should any danger occur. The next morning we sailed past Gay Head, and by noon were out of sight of land. On the 12th, the sea was rather rough for landsmen, and considerable sickness prevailed. On the 13th, the sea was again calm. In the evening many of the comrades were on deck singing when the light of Hatteras appeared. At an early hour, those on deck caught their first sight of the low coast of Carolina. Previous to this a suspicious craft had been seen, and the transports had lain by awaiting de velopments. For this reason the vessels had changed position somewhat, the Merrimac having the lead upon entering the har bor of Morehead City, and taking on board the only pilot, she steamed towards the railroad wharf, closely followed by the Missis sippi, both making a chase for the first occupation of the wharf. Luckily for the Forty-Fifth, the Merrimac struck a sandbar, and while struggling to get off, the Mississippi steamed by and reached the wharf in advance, much to the chagrin of the other 76 THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, M. V. M. fellows. Nearly nine days had been spent in our narrow quarters, and the men set foot on Confederate soil with the greatest pleasure, to face an enemy whose power they knew not, and the exigencies of battle that none could foresee. ALBEKT W. MANN, CD. A F h ^UNI(, IN THE ,,i