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THE PILGRIM MONUMENT. PLYMOUTH, MASS

X

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY

A MEMORIAL OF THE STATE

HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL

ISSUED FOR THE

WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION

AT CHICAGO

PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF DANIEL P. TOOMEY
EDITED BY THOMAS C. QUINN

BOSTON
COLUMBIA PUBLISHING COMPANY
611 WASHINGTON STREET
1892

COPYRIGHT.
COLUMBIA PUBLISHINC COMPANY.
1892.
xx i i o .

ALFRED MUDGE & SON, PRINTERS,
BOSTON.

/f

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a

rV^a^acfyu^ett^.

Dark was the shore that clouded on the sight
Of those grim mariners in the frail ship named
After the frailest blossoms of the May :
Rough was the welcome offered, that first night,
By rock-born waves that noisily proclaimed
Their joy of liberty in Plymouth's bay;
But ah ! how bright and soft and glorious rose the day !
O Mother State, thy word was nobly kept,
Thy pledge of freedom to thy sons — and all !
( )f modern lands thou wert the first to say :
" No man shall own another.'' Thus there leapt,
Ere thou wert loosed from England's heavy thrall,
Out of thine eyes the Future's guiding ray,
The star that cannot fall, that gems the brow of day.
While yet in leading-strings thou didst this deed
Immortal, — wiping slavery from thy code.
A few years later thou wert first to shake
All kings in their " divineness," and to lead
Thy sister States to Glory, by the road
Of Lexington to Boston, and to wake
The souls that will not rest till every chain shall break.
O Massachusetts, Mother fond and fair,
Not merely of thy glories are we proud,
In many a quiet home that hides from sight
Are purity of purpose and a rare,
Unselfish loveliness, whene'er a cloud
O'ershadows life — and thus we have the right
To say: "Where thou dost reign, reigns Duty with Delight.1
Strong Mother, how we love thee ; how our pride
Heightens, with every year, beholding thee !
Thy glorious sons and daughters who have gone
Into the sunrise on the other side,
Have left, in passing o'er the mystic sea,
More light of inspiration than e'er shone
On poet's dream before, — and their great work goes on !
Yea, Queen of States, thy diadem of deeds
Forever onward throws its diamond rays.
'Gainst every wrong now posing as a right
Phillips still thunders and O'Reilly pleads
And the money-changers in a dark amaze
Shrink from the coming Christ with just affright,
While Freedom standeth by with eyes of warmer light.

(5)

Henry Austin.

INTRODUCTION.

HE aim of this work has been to make a book which in the best sense should be representative
of Massachusetts in the Anniversary Year, 1892, — a book great enough to comprise all the
diversified interests of the Commonwealth, and broad enough to ignore no honorable factor
in its life. The story of the State might be made a description of the surface conditions,
mechanical, commercial and political, now existing, with illustrations of brick and mortar ;
but back of these conditions are the men who make them, — the brains and characters of
which they are but the contemporary monuments. Therefore, the publishers have chosen
to represent "Massachusetts of To-day" by the men of to-day, by those sons of the State,
by birth or adoption, who in their lives, their works, or their influence, must be considered
by him who would examine and know the fabric of this Commonwealth.
It would have been impossible to achieve the result desired without friendly co-operation and generous
support on all sides, and the publishers may say, with feelings of utmost pride and pleasure, that the
public-spirited men of this State, as one man, have joined hands patriotically in this enterprise, which
it is felt will redound to the good name of Massachusetts. It may be said by critics, and said justly, that
not all of the men of Massachusetts meriting recognition are in this book. So prolific is the Commonwealth
in living men of real worth and commendable achievement that no book could contain adequate mention
of all, but in "Massachusetts of To-day" not only men but interests are considered, and there is no
interest of importance, we feel sure,- which has not a representative in this volume, and there is no man in these
pages who is not, in the truest sense, representative of some one of those interests. To the States of the Union
and to the nations of Christendom, Massachusetts pledges this book as a token of her undiminished zeal and
ability in the furtherance of the arts of civilization and the happiness of the human race.

(7)

OVEY
Secretary

«M5W«*OT2W

MASSACHUSETTS BOARD OF WORLD'S FAIR MANAGERS

MASSACHUSETTS AT THE COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.

T^HE progress which a community makes is perhaps evidenced in no better or more satisfactory manner than
*¦ by a periodical comparison of its material prosperity as well as of the mental and moral improvement of its
people. The bringing together of such comparisons by all the nations of the world serves to indicate the advances
which have been made in civilization and the general progress which is making in the development of races. It
is this which forms the underlying principle of all international expositions.
It would, of course, be idle to deny that personal gain and a desire to open up new markets for articles of
merchandise, serve in a very large degree as stimulants to the individual exhibitor. This admission, while,
perhaps, a seeming contradiction of the preceding statement, is, in fact, but a confirmation of its very truth ;
for, mingled with the business aspect of what might be called the commercial side of these exhibits will be found
that pride of national or State prosperity which in very many cases is the sole inducement to the exhibitor to
expend his money and take upon himself additional burdens.
Again, were it not either for this commercial desire to extend one's business or for local pride, there could
never be such gatherings of the product of men's brains and hands, and these great opportunities of studying the story
of the earth's progress would be lost to mankind. For it is on such occasions that the careful student is enabled,
through an intelligent comparison of each exposition with its predecessor, to clearly mark every milestone in the
advance which the world as a whole is making, and to acquaint himself with the development of any especial com
munity or given industry. To a degree, this bringing together of the handiwork and brainwork of the nations of
the globe serves the same purposes as do the statistics of our census bureau, which, while enabling us to look back
and study the nature of our development, also serve to give us a new point of departure from which we must still
earnestly strive to advance. Hence, it is the bounden duty of each nation as well as of those many individual
parts which go to make up the whole, to aid in every possible way in making an international exposition a pro
nounced success.
It cannot be gainsaid that an interest has been awakened in The World's Columbian Exposition such as has
never before been equalled, or even approached. The grand result of such an interest will surely be the bringing
together of a collection of exhibits which to the student must assuredly prove a storehouse of knowledge, and give
to him who conscientiously makes use of his opportunities the groundwork of a liberal education. Even with the
visitors, drawn thither only by idle curiosity, such results must make for good, for they may be confidently depended
upon to show the progress which is constantly going forward in everything which ennobles mankind and contributes
to the happiness and prosperity of the earth's inhabitants.
The title of this chapter is, indeed, as important as it could be made interesting. " Massachusetts at the
Exposition " is a subject fraught with difficulties and embarrassments. To tabulate a statement of the many
exhibits which have gone forward from her manufacturers and from her schools, from her scientists and from her
inventors, would be an easy task, but to put on paper that influence which, having its origin within the borders of
the State, has permeated every nook and corner of this nation, would be wellnigh impossible of accomplishment.
Evidences of that enterprise, of that integrity, and of that conservatism, qualities which seem to be almost indi
genous to the soil of New England, are seen on every hand as one journeys through the country, and what perhaps
is as interesting afact as any other, is that nowhere is full credit denied to the spirit of New England, — that spirit
which is generally and thankfully acknowledged as having had a very marked influence upon the nation's history.
"Massachusetts at the Exposition." So great is the subject, so important and prominent is the place which
(9)

IO

MASSACHUSETTS OP TO-DAY.

the State will surely occupy in the Exposition, that it is indeed difficult to determine where one should take up the
story of her participation in this greatest and most successful of all international expositions. It was during
the early summer of 1891 that the Massachusetts Legislature, for the first time, gave consideration to the subject of
the State's representation in the Exposition, intended to be commemorative of the landing of Columbus. True to
her traditions, the representatives of her people, with one voice, decided that such action must be taken as should
result in placing the Commonwealth before the world in a manner befitting her position in the great sisterhood of
States, and in keeping with her past history and acknowledged prominence. By the passage of a bill providing for
the appointment of a commission of five members, two of whom should be women, and by an appropriation of
seventy-five thousand dollars for the purpose, as reads the bill, "of exhibiting the resources, products, and general

MASSACHUSETTS BUILDING AT THE COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION,
{A/ter ike old John Hancock House.)

development of the Commonwealth," Massachusetts gave her endorsement to the enterprise, and held out to her
sister State of Illinois that helping hand which has ever been as ready and as prompt as has been the response
from the Western State whenever an appeal has been made to her from the East. The State appropriation was by
the succeeding Legislature increased to a total of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars.
Immediately upon their nomination by the Governor, followed by their confirmation by the Executive
Council, the Massachusetts Board of World's Fair Managers organized and at once prepared to carry out the duties of
their office. As they are perhaps but little understood by the general public, it will no doubt be wiser that these
duties should at the outset be at least referred to, even at the risk of proving somewhat technical. If it were pos
sible to divide them into classes, they might perhaps not unnaturally fall into three divisions. First, advisory ;

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

I I

secondly, promotive ; and thirdly, executive. The advisory duties occupy, very properly, the first place, because
the very word suggests a study of, and a familiarity with, the details of the subject in hand ; and it surely would
not be possible to assume the duties of the second class until one should have become sufficiently acquainted with
those of the "advisory" class as to enable him to answer the many inquiries of the intending exhibitor. Not
until these were well in hand would it be time to attempt to "promote " the enter
prise among those who, from want of opportunity, must, to a large degree, be help
less and uninformed. Indeed, it was for the very purposes of promotion and
advice that the Board was appointed. The third class of duties, and in some
respects the most important, are those which are here styled " executive." By this
is meant all those duties having to do with the carrying to a successful conclusion
of the wishes of the Board's clients, the individual exhibitors.
During the first few months after the organization of the Board, its work
was somewhat hampered by a decision previously made that applications for
space should go direct to Chicago from the exhibitor. At the suggestion of the
Massachusetts Board, whose members felt that they were appointed to act as a
medium between the exhibitors and the Exposition officials, a meeting of repre
sentatives of State Boards was called to convene in Chicago in the early days of
December, 1891. After considerable debate and largely by reason of an eloquent,
aggressive, yet dignified speech, made by the then chairman of the Massachusetts
State Board of Managers, it was determined that, to a very great degree, State
Boards should have jurisdiction over the exhibits going from their respective
States, and that they should, at regular intervals, be put into possession of complete
lists of all applications. In no other way would it have been possible for State
Boards to properly attend to their duties.
Soon after the organization of the Board, its executive committee, con
sisting of its chairman and its secretary, went to Chicago to make the acquaint
ance of the officials of

THE FRANKLIN STATUE.
{City Hall Grounds, Bos! on.)

the two Boards having the
general supervision of the Exposition. It should be
here explained that these two Boards consist of the
National Commissioners appointed by the President
of the United States, and entitled " The World's
Columbian Commission," and the local Board, which,
representing the company chartered under the laws
of Illinois, is entitled, "The World's Columbian Expo
sition." The latter is the body which agreed to raise ten
millions of dollars with which to erect the buildings,
while the former, which is sometimes styled the
National Commission, has for its duties the insistence
that the Exposition shall be carried out in strict accord
ance with the terms of the contract, and in such a
manner as to reflect the greatest credit and the highest
degree of dignity upon the nation. The value to the
State of this first visit cannot well be overestimated,
for acquaintances were at that time formed which have
been of inestimable advantage to the Board, and of
very material assistance to its members in the prose
cution of their work. The very many details incident
to the prosecution of the advisory and promotive work done in the office of the State managers need not at this
time be considered. If the results of their labors have proved satisfactory to the State, no one would find any
interest in the methods used to bring those results about. There is, however, one feature of the executive
branch of their duties which is deserving of notice, the more especially as it refers to work done by the Massa-

THE GARRISON STATUE.
(Commonwealth Avenue, Boston.)

12

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

x:-xi0XXXX;5x^^XK;S

OLD SCH00LH0USE.
(On the Milldam, Boston.)

chusetts Board, the benefit from which has been by no means confined to any single Commonwealth ; work
whose influence has extended over the whole country, and even across the water.
No statement of the work accomplished by the Massachusetts Board of Managers would be complete which
did not take notice of that very important and successful effort for the erection of a separate building for the
department of liberal arts, a department in every exposition in
which the Commonwealth is always expected to stand preemi
nent. For some unexplained reason, those having charge of
the first planning of the exposition included under one roof the
three departments of manufactures, liberal arts, and ethnology,
notwithstanding the fact that each of the other great buildings
was given over in the first instance to the exhibit of some
special industry. The chief of each of these departments has
known, from the start, the exact number of square feet available
for the exhibits under his charge. In the largest building,
however, where were to be installed the contributions in the
departments of manufactures, liberal arts, and ethnology, were
also to be placed all those other exhibits which would not
find natural lodgment within any of the separate buildings
assigned to special industries, the result being that they formed
what may well be termed an " olla podrida " of exhibits, the department of manufactures being a sort of dumping
ground for everything. This necessarily resulted in a great congestion of space in this building. There had
been set aside originally, for liberal arts and ethnology, areas of four hundred thousand square feet, and one
hundred and sixty thousand square feet, respectively ; areas by no means too large either for the importance
of the subjects or for the exhibits which would be collected. It very soon appearing that more space must
be found for manufactures, it was decided to reduce the allotment of floor area for liberal arts by one hundred
thousand square feet. Those interested in liberal arts, under the lead of the Massachusetts State Board,
vigorously protested against any such action, taking occasion at that time to criticise that management which, when
arranging for an exposition, failed to dignify the department of liberal arts with a building of its own. The protest,
however, failed of success then, but the remonstrants rested confident in the assurance that no further reduction of
space would be permitted in this department. Very
much to their surprise and indignation, however, the
further demands for space from foreign countries were
granted by increased inroads upon the domains of lib
eral arts. It was the good fortune of the Massachu
setts commission to be represented in Chicago at that
time by two of its members.
A request for a hearing before the executive
committee being granted, the two members appeared in
remonstrance demanding that liberal arts should be
given the maximum amount of floor area originally
allotted to that department, and that Prof. Putnam of
the department of ethnology should be given back the
one hundred thousand square feet of which he had
been robbed. Fortified as they were with letters and
telegrams from the manufacturing interests of sixteen
States as well as with expressions of protest from rep
resentative men in the field of liberal arts, the appeal
of the Massachusetts Board clearly indicated that this
was by no means a local issue, but an earnest expression of the sentiments of the people. The result of it all
was that the Council of Administration decided to erect a special educational building at a cost of Si^oooo
The importance of this victory is enhanced when one considers that in the history of all expositions that of 180*
will be the first which will have raised education, that centre around which the wheel of all true progress must
revolve, to the dignity of a separate building.

MODERN SCHOOLHOUSE.
(Roxbury High School.)

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY. 13
In importance, liberal arts will have for the first time been placed side by side with fine arts, and received
far too tardy recognition as a most important factor in the great scheme of civilization. The full significance of
the words " liberal arts " is not appreciated by everybody. To realize exactly what would necessarily follow had
this great and important department been permitted to continue to give place to the material interests of the world,
one must know that there is included therein not only education per se, but also those very many subdepartments
having education for their basis and life-giving impulse. Among these are medicine and surgery, engineering and
constructive architecture, hygiene and sanitation, literature and journalism, banking and finance, music and the
drama. Massachusetts is neither an agricultural nor yet a mining State. She has no great natural resources to ex
hibit to the world. She is distinctively the home of manufacturing and of liberal arts, in each of which great depart
ments she would be expected to exhibit to advantage to herself and to testify to the thrift and intelligence of her
people. With these facts in mind, the injury to the interests that will surely follow the cutting down of space in
these departments, must at once become apparent. Liberal arts include the great department of sociology
to whose problems Massachusetts and her intelligent, public-spirited citizens have been giving their best thought
and study. Some of the best results from investigation into the important questions of hygiene and sanitation have
been the work of Massachusetts scientists. The work of our hospitals, of our prisons, of our reformatories, and of
our charities, is certainly worthy of every inch of room which can be creditably filled, so that the world may
see what is being done for the general care and amelioration of the masses. No true Massachusetts man
would wish to ignore or belittle the material resources of a country, inasmuch as his State furnishes, and will
surely continue to furnish, so much to any exhibit of the manufacturing interests. The great cotton and
woollen factories of the State may always be depended upon to furnish their full quota to the display of the products
of the many looms and spindles which are unceasingly singing their song of toil throughout the States of the Union.
In Chicago, in 1893, the Bay State will furnish one quarter of the total number of exhibits of the manufactures of
cotton, and over one third of all the textile fabrics having wool for their principal staple. In the department of
machinery, that great department in which the inventive genius of a people has its full measure of opportunity,
Massachusetts will now, as always, hold a conspicuous place.
The very many labor-saving devices, having for their object the procuring of the greatest amount of product
at the least possible cost, must stand to a great degree as a measure of the progress which a people is making in
mechanical skill and in intelligent investigation. "Necessity is," as goes the saying, "the mother of invention."
The truth of this maxim Massachusetts will be able to attest to in the variety and perfection of the machinery
exhibited by the proprietors of her many factories.
To repeat, Massachusetts is not in any sense either an agricultural or yet a mining State. Nevertheless, in
each of the buildings devoted to exhibits of these natural resources of the country, the Bay State will be fitly repre
sented. There is located in Amherst an experiment station, which is on the grounds belonging to the State Agri
cultural College. This has for its mission the treatment, scientifically, of trees, plants, roots, and soils, so as to
ascertain what is needed to make the former more healthy and the latter more productive.
The contribution of the State to the department of agriculture will, in part, at least, be given over to an
exhibit of the work done in this experiment station, and of the good results attained by the use of the scientific
formulae worked out by its professors. In the Mines and Mining Building an exhibit of the mineralogy and petrog
raphy of the State will be brought together, which will surely be as handsome and as complete as it must prove to
be interesting. It is confidently hoped that not less than one thousand specimens will be procured, the desire of
the board being to install as complete and as accurate a collection as possible of what the State affords in these two
departments. The State managers have the very commendable ambition that this, the first complete collection
ever made, may be preserved and given an abiding place within the State House, where it may remain as a scientific
collection belonging to the State.
When it became necessary to decide on some design for a State building, the Massachusetts Board of Man
agers, in sending invitations to the various architects, suggested that some one of the many historic buildings within
the State might well serve as a model to represent the old Bay State in Chicago. The spirit of the old John Han
cock house is seen and felt when one looks upon the building finally decided upon. It breathes of the Revolution,
and its very walls seem to echo back the patriotic words of those loyal men who, a century since, held within their
grasp the destiny and fortune of the good old State. As one looks upon it, or as one walks through its many

14

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

rooms, he will not find it necessary to ask, "What State erected this building?" It will surely be a source of pride
and pleasure to every son and daughter of New England who, during the summer of 1893, will journey from the
furthermost corners of the country to visit the World's Columbian Exposition.
Nor will they be obliged to hang their heads in shame at the position which the State will occupy in every
department, be it in liberal arts or in horticulture, in fine arts or in machinery, in agriculture or in manufactures.
The Commonwealth, in all of these, will continue, as in the past, to do full credit to herself, and to the intelli
gence, taste, and business abilities of her people.
A recent writer, in describing the Exposition, has justly said that the finest exhibit in Chicago, in 1893, will
be the city itself, with its wonderful growth and its suddenly acquired commercial importance. So it will be with the
Bay State. Her exhibits will be worthy of her good name, and will surely meet the expectations of her citizens ;
but the best contribution which she can make to an international exposition is such as cannot be made in glass
cases, or upon raised platforms, or in ornamental booths. Her most valuable contribution will be in those many
men and women who, inspired with the New England spirit, have migrated thence, and, by their industry and
determination, by their high principles, and by their perseverance, have made possible the building of those mag
nificent cities of the West which are the wonder of the generation and a testimony to American character.

OFFICERS OF THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.

HARLOW N. HIGGINSON
H. O. EDMONDS
A. F. SEEBERCER

Fresh >ent.
Secretary.
Treasurer.

MASSACHUSETTS MEMBERS OF THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN COMMISSION.
(Appointed by the President of the United States.)
AUGUSTUS G. BULLOCK . Commissioner at Larue.
FRANCIS W. BREED. THOMAS E. PROCTOR.
(Alternate. )

(A /ternate.)
GEORGE p. L.\ni>.

CHARLES E. ADAMS.

MASSACHUSETTS MEMBERS BOARD OF LADY MANAGERS.

MRS. JONAS H. FRENCH.
(A tie male.)
MISS MARY CREASE SEARS.

MRS. RUFCS S. FROST.

( J'arant.)

Director General

GEORGE R. DAVIS.

Coy/!7wFai!8^/iKyS£C/' A &¦ •'¦ 'v -'/yy^

THE ADMINISTRATION BUILDING, WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.

05)

MASSACHUSETTS — 1 620 - 1 892.

OLD SOUTH CHURCH.
(Boston.')

THE pessimist, nowadays, is fond of saying that the glory of Massachusetts is waning ; that her pristine intel
lectual ascendancy has gone, never to return; that her leadership in the councils of the nation is one of
tradition, not of reality. He cites as proof of this fancied decadence that the patriotic man of Massa
chusetts can no longer point to such orators as Webster, and Everett, and Choate,
and Phillips ; to such wise and great statesmen as the Adamses, Cushing, Sumner,
and Wilson ; to such brilliant literary names as Emerson, Hawthorne, Thoreau,
Motley, Prescott, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier ; to such scientists as Agassiz ;
to such theologians as Channing, Parker, and Freeman Clarke.
While ignoring the fact that no community of 2,238,000 souls reasonably could
be expected to furnish all the brains and the intellectual inspiration for a nation
numbering 65,000,000, he also fails to take into account the most suggestive fact
that these men lived and achieved their fame in a period when the national
character was unformed, the body politic was in the chrysalis state, and intellectual
activity was nowhere thoroughly awakened. In fact, it is questionable whether
either the orators, the literary men, or the theologians who have departed were as
much appreciated by their contemporaries as by the generations which have suc
ceeded. Furthermore, the epochs in which most of them flourished were by their
very nature a stimulant to greatness ; the orators were confronted by political issues
which appealed to individual patriotism and the national pride more earnestly than at
any time since the War of the Revolution ; there being no American literature worth
the name, the literary men had a virgin field for their pro
ductions ; science was an even more untried field for the
truth-seeker ; while the theologians, unlike their brethren
of to-dav, were not handicapped by the modern conflict between orthodoxy and heter
odoxy. Not that the writer would in the slightest degree disparage the greatness which
these men achieved and deserved, but that he would prefer to see a less harsh judg
ment of latter-day men and affairs.
Be it remembered that times and conditions have changed, and still are chang
ing. Fifty years ago, there was a dearth of men whom nowadays we should designate
as of average ability. From our point of view, the masses were untutored and
unlearned ; the temper of the times was not distinguished by any especial intellectual
interest. The man of any eminence in a given calling at once rose to heights of
grandeur. He was one of ten thousand. The standard of intelligence, in Massachusetts
as elsewhere, was far beneath that of to-day ; it was essentially an age of mediocrity, as
we look back upon it.
The Massachusetts man of the present, and the Massachusetts woman, too, are
far more intelligent, far better versed in all that pertains to a rounded and ripened
culture ; their judgments are formed not by the impassioned utterances of orators, but
by their own independent processes of thought, study, and reasoning. Mental training-
is now compulsory among all classes ; libraries, newspapers, the school and the college,
the constant attrition of man with man and of woman with woman, in business, in social
intercourse, and in the hundred and one progressive movements which are a distinct
feature of the social body in Massachusetts, together with the broader and less provincial \ iew of the theatre of
the world's activity made possible by the newspaper press and the telegraph, all have contributed toward
improving the intellectual standard of the individual, toward de\ eloping and rewarding ability, and toward
(16)

CHRIST CHURCH.
(Boston.)

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

17

making keener the desire for knowledge. By means of this incomparable curriculum, the man and the woman
of ability have been brought to the front ; brains are no longer the possession of a few, but are the heritage
of the many. In the army of intellectual men and women in the Commonwealth to-day, are scientists and litera-
teurs, political economists and historians, jurists and financiers, preachers and philosophers, educators, engineers,
sociologists, archaeologists, linguists, a brilliant galaxy of masterly minds
whose genius has added to the sum of the world's enlightenment and
whose lustre shows no signs of diminishing.
If we will but look around us, the conclusion is inevitable that Massa
chusetts has not deteriorated ; on the contrary, she has but reached the full and
rounded development of a noble and beautiful womanhood, which lavishes
priceless gifts upon her offspring, nurtures their minds and bodies with the
accumulated experience of two centuries and a half, and instils their moral
and spiritual natures with the beneficent teachings of the fathers. It is true
that some of her farms have been depopulated, that her once splendid mar
itime commerce has fallen away, and that an occasional literary man or artist
has forsaken Boston for the metropolis. But here the retrograde ceases ; the
other side of the picture is extremely bright, and will become even more so-

OLD STATE HOUSE.
(Boston.)

Coexistent with this development of the Massachusetts citizen, there
has been going on for upwards of thirty years a change in the physical
complexion of the social body. Unnoticed at first, and then gradually mak
ing its numbers felt, there has come an immense immigration from European
countries, an influx of foreign blood whose proportions, in the census of
1890, as compared with those of the native population, are measured by the
ratio of 29.4 to 70.6. This might at first glance seem an extraordinarily large percentage of foreigners, were it not
that the historian Bancroft stated that in 1755 the colonies were inhabited by persons "one fifth of whom had for
their mother tongue some other language than the English." While in some
other States the character of immigrants who have arrived and are still arriv
ing is such as very properly to alarm those who have the public interest
at heart, yet it is undeniable that in the foreign-born population of this Com
monwealth there is nothing which either threatens the safety of its institutions
or impairs its proud title as the most progressive and the most enlightened mem
ber of the sisterhood of States. The immigration to Massachusetts has been
of an exceptionally high order. The alarmist has not yet succeeded in showing
that this element of the population is not just as patriotic, as intensely American,
as earnest, and as jealous of the right observance of those principles which
underlie the government of the State and the nation, as the descendants of
the Puritans themselves. Their very reverence of those principles, as manifested
frequently in the every-day life of the people, attests the God-given privileges
to the enjoyment of which they have been invited, and which they have in no
instance disgraced. It could not be otherwise in a Commonwealth whose pride
in itself and whose public spirit and lofty patriotism quickly impress themselves
upon all new-comers. No fitter exemplification is recorded of the attitude of the
foreigner in Massachusetts than the following from the pen of John Boyle O'Reilly, himself an immigrant, and a leader
of the most numerous part of the foreign-born population, and an American citizen, esteemed in all classes : —
" No treason we bring from Erin, nor bring we shame or guilt !
The sword we hold may be broken, but we have not dropped the hilt;
The wreath we bear to Columbia is twisted of thorns, not bays,
And the songs we sing are saddened by thoughts of desolate days.
But the hearts we bring for Freedom are washed in the surge of tears;
And we claim our right by a People's fight outliving a thousand years ! "
The original fountainhead of population in Massachusetts flowed in no defiled stream through more than a
century, and its passage accumulated so much strength and power for purity that, instead of being contaminated

FANEUIL HALL.
(Boston.)

t8 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.
by the alien waters which flowed into it, it clarified and purified and made sweeter those waters themselves.
In all the forty-four States, there exists no happier realization of the Republican idea than within the confines
of Massachusetts. There has been no great race friction, no class discrimination. The red hand of anarchy has
never risen to strike at the life of the people ; labor riots, which have disturbed other States, imperilling life and
property, are, in Massachusetts, unheard of. Here are the British-American and the Irish, the German and the
French-Canadian, the Portuguese and the Pole, the Swede and the Italian, almost all the types of the races of
Europe, and with them the descendants of the twenty thousand English families who settled in Massachusetts
mainly between 1630 and 1640, a happy and contented industrial and commercial family, whose common goal is
prosperity, and moral and physical improvement. Out of this common citizenship, there will come forth, in
another day and generation, a new race of Massachusetts men. Meanwhile, the liberalizing tendencies of expe
rience will have obliterated whatever race prejudice that may exist, in a latent form, now. The evolution will

STATE HOUSE, BOSTON.

be easy and natural ; by the intermarriage of the races, which has already begun, the superior bone and sinew,
and the Spartan fortitude of the foreigner, and the cultured intellect and Athenian graces of the descendants of the
Puritans will be interchanged, — the result will be a more perfect, more ennobling, more symmetrical manhood.

It is a magnificent tribute to the versatility of Massachusetts men, that while she has always led the nation
in belles-lettres, in scholarship, and in scientific research, her sons have ever been remarkable for their adaptability
in mechanical invention. Of the five great inventions which, more than any others, have contributed to the
development of commerce and the comforts of the people, it is significant that four were, if not in all respects the
original conceptions of Massachusetts men, first made practically useful in Massachusetts, and, except in one
instance, by Massachusetts men. Prof. S. F. B. Morse, a native of Charlestown, was the first to operate the telegraph
successfully at a public trial ; Eli Whitney, a native of Westborough, gave to the world the cotton-gin ; Elias Howe,
who was born at Spencer, invented the sewing-machine; and from Boston to Salem, in 1877, the first articulating
telephone was tested successfully by Prof. A. G. Bell, a Scotchman, while Prof. Amos E. Dolbear, of Tufts College,
at Medford, was a pioneer in the early experiments. Another son of Massachusetts, Benjamin Franklin, born at

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

19

EMANCIPATION STATUE.
(Boston.)

Boston, made valuable investigations into the nature of lightning. In the Massachusetts General Hospital, the
discovery of ether was first practically proved by William Thomas Green Morton, M. D. The first railroad in
America was operated at Quincy, in 1826. Erastus B. Bigelow, born at West Boylston, invented, in 1839, a carpet
loom, whose usefulness revolutionized the manufacture of carpets throughout the world. Many of what are now
immense manufacturing enterprises sprang from humble beginnings
on Massachusetts soil. Bricks were made at Salem the year fol
lowing its settlement ; the first cotton mill was built at Beverly in
1787; the first mill in the world capable of producing a finished
cloth from the raw material was established at Waltham. In 1790,
at Newburyport, Jacob Perkins set up a machine for cutting and
heading ten thousand nails in a day; in 1815, the tack industry was
inaugurated at Bridgewater; Lynn began making shoes in 1635;
combs were made at West Newbury in 1759; cannon-balls were
made within ten miles of Boston as early as 1664, and the first
piece of casting made on American soil was " run in " at Lynn, in
1663 ; Boston and Charlestown had cordage works as early as 1631.
Thus was the impulse to manufacturing, which has now
become the dominant industry east of the Mississippi river, early
manifested in Massachusetts. Boston, as early as 1758, had a
" Society for Encouraging Industry," and in that year it is interesting
to note, as a sign of the times, that the Rev. Thomas Barnard, in
a sermon, strongly urged " an industrious prosecution of the arts
of civil life " as " very friendly to
virtue." With the ushering in of
the industrial era, it was not long before the factories had as employe's the sons
and the daughters of farmers, who doubtless found factory life not only less
arduous, but a good deal more attractive in a social way. These early factory
operatives were most of them of the best American stock, a fact which unques
tionably aided in perfecting what is now the finest and most humane factory
system in the country. The superiority of the Massachusetts factory employe'
in those days impressed Charles Dickens so vividly that he made mention of it
in his " American Notes.'- Describing what he witnessed among the women
operatives at Lowell, then as now the banner factory town in America, he says : —
" I am now going to state three facts which will startle a large class of
readers on this side of the Atlantic, very much. Firstly, there is a joint stock
piano in a great many of the boarding-houses. Secondly, nearly all these young
ladies subscribe to circulating libraries. Thirdly, they have got up among them
selves a periodical called the ' Lowell Offering,' a repository of original articles
written exclusively by females actively employed in the mills, which is duly
printed, published, and sold, and whereof I brought away from Lowell four
hundred good solid pages, which I have read from beginning to end."
Several of the young women operatives who wrote for the " Offering "
subsequently made names for themselves in literature, while their unpretentious
little publication attracted attention on both sides of the Atlantic.
The factory system of the State is conducted on a basis which has served
as a model for other States. Massachusetts, always jealous of the moral and
physical condition of the people, years ago recognized that the onward march
of industry, with its thousands of manufacturing plants and its improved methods
of production by labor-saving machinery, while it might make the State wealthier and enhance the volume of busi
ness, yet would be accompanied by a corresponding deterioration in the welfare of the employe'. The tendency
of capital to sacrifice the wage-earner in order to make larger the percentage of profit was, therefore, met by legis
lation which might, in a measure, relieve the weaker part of the work-a-day population from the tyranny of industry.

BUNKER HILL MONUMENT.
(Boston.)

20

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

To this end were enacted laws prescribing the hours of labor in factories for women and for minors under
eighteen at fifty-eight per week, and prohibiting the employment of children under thirteen during school hours
unless they have had thirty weeks' schooling the preceding year, and unless they can read and write. It was
also enacted that no minor, over fourteen can be regularly employed unless he can read and write, and that
the employer of minors under sixteen must keep "an age and schooling" certificate respecting such minor.
Imprisonment for debt was virtually abolished, a lien law was provided, the necessary tools of an artisan were
exempted from attachment, and the trustee process was curtailed. Regulations for the protection of life and
health in factories were provided, and workingmen's co-operative associations and loan and building societies
were authorized, the last conferring upon the wage-earner an incentive for thrift, the wisdom of which is now a
matter of common knowledge. The legalization of one day in a year as Labor Day was another act of recognition
of the dignity of labor. With free text-books in the schools and evening schools for any and all who would join
reading-rooms in all the cities
mental and moral improvement
lowliest. It is in consequence
needs of the masses that the
laborer is a better spiritual man
labor troubles are so infrequent,
quickly settled by a State Board
entire manufacturing popula-
hundred thousand persons,
eign extraction, is in complete
tutions and principles.
through the State to witness
employe has surrounded him-
factory towns the spectacle is
cottages, either owned outright
by sober and industrious me-
mentary upon the efficacy of the
the State has five hundred and
taining three million five hun-
and eighty-five volumes, or
ries in the country — that these
patronized chiefly by wage-
Here is a phenomenon whereat
probably even more than he
the Lowell factory.
facturing show that it is the
the State. The invested capital

them, and with free libraries and
and towns, opportunities for
are at the command of even the
of this wise appreciation of the
Massachusetts mechanic and
than his father before him, that
and, when they do occur, are
of Arbitration, and that the
tion, now numbering over four
chiefly foreign-born or of for-
sympathy with American insti-
One need not travel far
with what comforts the factory
self. In any one of a hundred
afforded of colonies of attractive
or in process of full ownership
chanics. It is a striking corn-
Massachusetts library system —
sixty-nine free libraries, con-
dred and sixty-nine thousand
about one fifth of all the libra-
excellent citizen-makers are
earners and their children.
Mr. Dickens would marvel
did at the blue - stockings of
The statistics of manu-
chief source of the wealth of

WASHINGTON ELM.
(Cambridge.)

approximates $600, 000,000, with twenty-four thousand firms and corporations, and four hundred and twenty thousand
operatives. The wages paid aggregates #188,000,000; the value of the product is estimated at $871,061,163. The
chief industries are boots and shoes, carpetings, clothing, cotton goods, leather, machines and machinery, metals and
metallic goods, woollen goods, and worsted goods. Other great industries are furniture, jewelry, paper, cars, rubber
goods, chocolate, cocoa, watches, straw goods, food preparations, cordage and twine, carriages and wagons, paper and
wooden boxes, tools, agricultural implements, liquors, musical instruments, wooden ware, silk and silk goods. The
average yearly wages paid in 1891, was 5441.90 ; the highest annual wages paid was $685.76 ; the lowest, $287.22.
The chief centres of the boot and shoe industry are the cities of Lynn, Haverhill, and Brockton, the number of estab
lishments in each being as follows : Lynn, three hundred and twenty-three ; Haverhill, two hundred and twenty-six ;
Brockton, seventy-three. Boston has one hundred and ninety-one clothing manufacturing establishments. In the
manufacture of textiles the leading cities are Fall River, Lowell, Lawrence, New Bedford, and Holyoke. In the pro
duction of leather, Woburn, Peabody, Salem, and Lynn lead. Taunton, Worcester, and Fitchburg have extensive estab
lishments devoted to the manufacture of machinery. Boston, Worcester, Taunton, and Attleboro' also lead in the
manufacture of metals and metallic goods. The chief paper manufacturing centre is Holyoke, with nineteen mills.

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

21

KING'S CHAPEL.
(Boston.)

No trait of character in the man of Massachusetts stands forth so prominently as that alert and far-sighted
mental grasp, which enables him to take a quick and comprehensive view of the right conduct of large public
enterprises. So infallible has this characteristic shown itself to be, in instances without number, that the country
has learned to look to Massachusetts for leadership. This is true, not only of political and social reform, but also
in all matters pertaining to the government of its State institutions.
Of the latter it cannot be gainsaid that they are at least as well
conducted and are as free from abuses as are those of any State
in the Union. There are several features in the care and management of
the insane, the idiot, and the paupers, which emphasize anew the
progressive tendency of the public administration of the State.
Chief of these is the introduction of what is known as the Scotch
or " boarding-out " system of treating the insane. It is argued
that, in cases of mildly or curably insane persons, it is manifestly
unjust, not to say cruel, to place them in intimate contact with
persons who are violently and hopelessly insane. To avoid this,
the experiment has been tried of "boarding out" in private families
such patients as show reasonable hope of being restored to their
normal activities of mind and body. Of this class, upwards of one
hundred and fifty are boarded out, and the result of the experi
ment is being carefully studied. The chief State asylums are those
at Danvers and at Worcester, both of which are magnificent structures. Other State asylums are at Westborough,
Taunton, and Northampton. The total number of the insane under State supervision on March 31, 1891, was
five thousand nine hundred and forty-four, of whom five thousand one hundred and ninety-eight were supported by
the State. The average cost per capita ranges from $3.03 to $3.97 per week. The city and town almshouses of the
State number two hundred and fifteen. The number of occupants receiving full support on July 1, 1891, was eight
thousand two hundred and thirty-nine ; partial support, fourteen thousand and ninety-four. The management of
the insane and the poor is in charge of the State Board of Lunacy and Charity, whose officials annually dispense
charity, in one form or another, to sixteen thousand persons. The officers and agents of the Indoor Poor Depart
ment of the Board investigate the homes of juvenile offenders, visit the courts in the interest of juvenile law
breakers, visit girls placed out in families from industrial and reform schools, and examine all immigrants who are
liable to become public charges. The Department of Out-door Poor has to do with unsettled paupers who are sick
or who need relief, with foundlings and destitute infants, etc. A
fact which is eloquent of that lofty humanity which actuates the
people of Massachusetts is, that over eighty ladies in different
parts of the Commonwealth have consented to act as agents with
out pay in the service of the State Board, in the visitation and over
sight of girls, wards of the State who have been placed in families.
The State Prison is at Charlestown, and has about six hundred
criminals. At Concord is the Reformatory for Men, with seven
hundred inmates, and at Sherborn, another for women, with two
hundred and fifty inmates, both of which strive to reclaim the
offenders for the first time against the law. There are besides
county and city prisons and several other correctional institutions.
All work by the convict is now clone for the benefit of the State,
contract labor having been abolished in 1887. Statistics of the
courts show that the number of commitments for drunkenness
have increased over one hundred and fifty per cent since 1880,
while there ,has been a notable decrease in the number of commitments for more serious crimes. For instance, the
number of commitments for assault, burglary, forgery, homicide, larceny, etc., in 1858 was four thousand three
hundred and three; in 1880 it was three thousand two hundred and ninety, and in 1890 it was three thousand
seven hundred and ninety-two, and this notwithstanding an enormous increase in the population.

JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL'S HOME.
(Cambridge.)

22 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.
The influence of Massachusetts educational methods upon the country \^^^^^ ^_
is everywhere acknowledged that here education has been reduced to a science wh i h ^^iZl s te mt free
feet as'possible by legislation, and by intelligent educators. The seed of what is now tnaUona 1 system o fre
education was sown m Boston in an order adopted by the ^-^^^^6^"J^ be entreated to
y

month, 1635 ; Likewise it was then genrally agreed upon that

r 2" month, 1635 i l^ewise it was «,,,.,, ^^ ^ -
become schoolmaster for f teaching and nourtermg of children w>" vs. Ihe record of tne u
Massachusetts contains the ordinance of 1647, as follows: " Now that learning may not be bun ed^
of our fathers, every township in this jurisdiction after the Lord hath increased them to fifty ^^^'^
then forthwith appoint one man within their town to teach all such children as shall resort to him to write and re*L
The evolution of the common-school system thus modestly founded is the State's proudest achievement Under the
stimulus of public sentiment, united 'with the self-sacrificing zeal of such friends of education as Horace Mann
the system has grown until in 189: there were seven thousand two hundred and thirty-nine public schools, with
nine thousand two hundred and twenty-seven teachers, and two hundred and forty-four high schools with twenty-six
thousand two hundred and ninety-four pupils. The number of scholars during the year ending May 1, 1891 was
three hundred and seventy-six thousand nine hundred and eighty-six. The fund for the support of the schools
%t> n for each child

was $8,554,545-57, or
between the ages of
There were two hun-
e veiling schools, in
towns, attended by
four hundred and fifty-
sexes. The private
hundred and seventy-
ance of forty-two thou-
forty-seven. The nor-
fitting young women
tablished in 1840, and
stitutions located at
ham, Salem, Westfield,
is a normal art school
1873. Among the sa-
Massachusetts scheme
use of free text-books,

— .—

PLYMOUTH ROOK.

$22.72 for each child
five and fifteen years.
dred and sixty -six
fifty - five cities and
twenty-eight thousand
three pupils of both
schools number three
eight, with an attend-
sand five hundred and
mal school system for
to be teachers was es-
now numbers five in-
Bridge water, Framing-
and Worcester. There
at Boston, founded in
lient features in the
of education are the
instruction 111 the ele

mentary use of hand-tools, and in the effect upon the human system of alcoholic drinks, stimulants, and
narcotics, the establishment of schools for training young men or boys in nautical duties, and the transportation
of children from their homes to the school-houses when at a distance, for which in 1890-91 the sum of 530,648.68
was expended bv one hundred and forty-five towns. The introduction of the manual training idea as part of
the school curriculum, which was the conception of Prof. John D. Runkle, President of the Massachusetts School of
Technology, in 1877, marked an epoch in the American educational system. The desire for this excellent form of
instruction, which is chiefly toward joinery and plain sewing, cannot fail to have a salutary effect upon the industry
of the State. Among the special schools in the State are those for the instruction of the deaf, the blind, the
feeble-minded, and wayward youths, all of which are maintained at the State's expense, and are doing a noble work.
Of the academies and colleges of the State it is unnecessary to speak at any length. Suffice it to say that
most of them have a national reputation for excellence, and attract students from all parts of th
from foreign countries. In the city of Boston and vicinity alone are upwards of six thousand y
undergoing the higher instruction, most of whom are non-residents.

e country, and some
oung men and women

The passengers who disembarked from the "Mayflower" at Plymouth in 1620 numbered fifty-six, of whom
fifteen were servants. At the census of 1890 the Commonwealth of Massachusetts contained 2,238,943 persons;
in 1885, the population was 1,942,141. The increase from 1885 to iX.jo exceeded that for the previous five
years. The gain in the last five years in municipalities within a radius of eight miles from the State House
may be indicated by the fact that in the cases of Boston, Cambridge, Chelsea, Maiden, and Somerville, there

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

has been an increase respectively of 58,084, 10,370, 2,200, 6,624, and 10,181. Of the entire population more
than 680,000 persons, or about thirty per cent, resided in the suburbs or the city of Boston. The cities and
towns within a radius of twelve miles of the State House contained 872,482 persons or nearly thirty-nine per
cent of the entire population. One hundred cities and towns, excluding Boston, in the Commonwealth, which
lead in manufactures contained in 1890 more than sixty per cent
of the population. The same towns and cities in 1880 contained
more than fifty-six per cent, and in 1885 more than fifty-nine per
cent of the entire population. The ten chief cities in 1890 were :
Boston, 448,477; Worcester, 84,655; Lowell, 77,696; Fall River,
74,398; Cambridge, 70,028; Lynn, 55,727; Lawrence, 44,654;
Springfield, 44,179; New Bedford, 40,733; Somerville, 40,152.
The greatest gain since 1885 was in Somerville, 33.97 per cent.
There are 479,790 families, averaging 4.67 persons to each. The
density of the population per square mile exceeds that of any
State except Rhode Island. There are more women than men,
a fact which is due to the emigration to the West, to the death
of soldiers in the war, and to loss of life at sea. One fourth of
the working population is engaged in the textile industries. Two
thirds of the men and one fifth of the women are in remunera
tive employments. In 1885, the date of latest State census, the
boot and shoe industry employed 64,858 persons ; cotton goods,
60,132; building trades, 27,873; metals and metal working, 24,233; clothing, 18,325; machinery, 14,644.
[885, 324,828 occupied and unoccupied houses in the State, of which 297,958 were of wood.

WHITTIER'S BIRTHPLACE.
(Haverhill.)

There were,

The promotion of agriculture was an aim of the rulers of the Commonwealth in its early history, and numer
ous societies having that end in view were organized. To-day, Massachusetts is the least agricultural State of the
Union, but nine per cent of the population being farmers. This result is due unquestionably to the development of
manufacturing enterprises. The food supply of the State, which is naturally large by reason of the density of the
population, comes mostly from the outside, and cultivation has been abandoned upon some unproductive and remote
farming land. There are about 45 ,000 farms, employing 80,000 persons ; 41,000 farms are owned by their occupants.
The farm valuation is $216,000,000, the total acreage being 3,898,429. The farm products aggregate $48,000,000,
of which $13,000,000 represents dairy articles, $11,000,000 hay, straw, and fodder, and $5,000,000 vegetables.
By act of the General Court, the Bureau of Labor Statistics
was empowered to investigate the subject of abandoned farms,
and the causes thereof. The results of that investigation showed
that " abandoned farm land in Massachusetts is principally confined
to the western counties. Such land aggregates 3.45 per cent of
the total farm acreage of the State, outside the limits of cities, and
about 0.87 per cent of the value of such farm land. In Nantucket
and Suffolk counties no abandoned farm land is returned. The per
centage of acreage of abandoned farm land of total acreage for
the counties returning abandoned farm land, is highest in Hamp
shire County, reaching therein 6.85 per cent. It is lowest in Essex
County, being therein only 0.06 per cent. While some of the towns
containing abandoned farms show a recent decline in the value of
agricultural products and property, this is not universally true and
the decline in certain localities is overbalanced by increase in
others in the same county, so that, notwithstanding the existence
of abandoned farms, each county except Nantucket shows an increase since 1875 in the value of agricultural
products, and every county shows an increase in the value of agricultural property. In some counties, also, an
increase in the acreage of land under cultivation appears. Except in Barnstable and Dukes counties, the towns
reporting abandoned farms show an aggregate increase in"population."

THE HOME OF LONGFELLOW.
(Cambridge.)

24 MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.
The abandonment of farms, in certain localities, is not necessarily an evidence of the decline of agriculture,
nor is it confined to New England ; on the contrary, it is going on even in the West. It is one of the features of
the civilization in which we live. Town life offers far superior attractions ; schools, libraries, water-works, electric
lights, sanitation, not to mention those social advantages which inevitably accompany the settlement of people in
communities, are influences which constantly operate against the growth of the farming population. It is not
within the province of this article to question the wisdom of this movement city-ward. Time and changed condi
tions may bring about a different result. The important fact in the present connection is, that enough farms have
been abandoned in Massachusetts to justify the State government in seeking the cause ; the remedy may be
found and tried later.
In this rough sketch of Massachusetts as it is, attention has been given only to those of its features
which most prominently suggest themselves. It were possible to disclose many excellent features of its State and
municipal governments, by way of showing that here the citizen enjoys the liberties of the Republic in their high
est realization ; to describe the operation of an admirable system of railroads, which minimizes the danger of
travelling and furnishes quick transportation at low rates ; to enlarge upon the influence for good of its churches
and their charities and notable humanitarian progress ; to point out the stability and far-reaching power of its finan
cial institutions, and their association with the material development of the West, a result made possible by the
native thrift and prosperity of the people.
Enough has been written of the essential characteristics of Massachusetts to contradict the assertion that
she has lost her prestige. She still enjoys the enviable, world-wide distinction of being the birthplace of political
and social progress, the highest culture, and the loftiest patriotic spirit.

Note. The list of the passengers of the Mayflower shown upon the tablet of the Pilgrim Monument at Plymouth, Mass., as
reproduced in the frontispiece of this book, does not comprise the entire number. The complete list as given by the best authority is as
follows : — Mr. John Carver (7); William Bradford (2); Mr. Edward Winslow (4); Mr. William Brewster (6); Mr. Isaac Allerton (6);
Capt. Miles Standish (2); John Alden (1); Mr. Samuel Fuller (2); Mr. Christopher Martin (4); Mr. William Mullins (5); Mr.
William White (5); Mr. Richard Warren (1); John Howland (1) ; Mr. Stephen Hopkins (6) ; Edward Tilly (4) ; John Tilly (3); Francis
Cooke (2); Thomas Rogers (2); Thomas Tinker (3); John Ridgdale (2); Edward Fuller (3); John Turner (3); Francis Eaton (3);
James Chilton (3); John Crackston (2); John Billington (4); Moses Fletcher (1) ; John Goodman (i); Degory Priest (1); Thomas
Williams (1); Gilbert Winslow (I); Edmond Margeson (1); Peter Brown (1); Richard Britteridge (1); George Soule(l); Richard
Clarke (1); Richard Gardiner (1) ; John Allerton (1) ; Thomas English (1) ; Edward Doty (1) ; Edward Leister (1).
John Howland was a servant in Carver's family, George Soule in the family of Edward Winslow, Edward Dotv and Edward
Leister in that of Stephen Hopkins. William Butten died on the passage. To the number given above are to be added the names of
William Trevorcand one Ely, seamen, who were hired for a year and returned to England.

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

'¦5

GOVERNOR WILLIAM EUSTIS RUSSELL, the
" Little Giant " of Massachusetts, and the young
est man who has ever been raised to the chief magis
tracy of the State, is to-day the most conspicuous and
remarkable political figure in New England, and one
of the foremost personalities in the country. The in
domitable pluck, persistency, and personal magnetism
that have three times won the governorship against
odds that were considered to be overwhelming, sin
gle him out as one
of the most striking
and interesting char
acters that the cen
tury has produced,
winning the respect
and admiration of
the people of the
State, irrespective of
party. No more em
phatic example of his
great popularity with
the people could be
given than that shown
by the result of the
last election, when he
was returned for the
third time to the gu
bernatorial office over
his Republican oppo
nent in a presidential
year, and when the
State decided in fa
vor of the Republi
can electors by a vast
majority. Governor
Russell was born in
Cambridge, Mass.,
Jan. 6, 1857 ; laid
the foundation of his
education in the pub
lic schools of that city, and from them entering Harvard
College, graduating therefrom in 1877. He studied
law in the law school of Boston University, received
the first degree of Bachelor of Laws, summa cum laude,
from that university in 1879, entered the law office of
his father, and was admitted to the Suffolk bar in 1880.
When but twenty-four years of age he was elected to
the Common Council of his native city ; was elected to
the Board of Aldermen the following year, and in 1883

WILLIAM EUSTIS RUSSELL

was returned to the Aldermanic Board for a second term.
He was elected mayor of Cambridge in 1884, and was
re-elected the three succeeding years, twice without
opposition. The fame of his distinguished services, as
the executive head of his native city, was not confined
within local bounds, and marked him out for still higher
honor. In 1888 he was nominated as his party's candi
date for governor, and made an excellent personal can
vass' of the State. Although failing of election, he led
the ticket. In 1889
he again led a bril
liant but unsuccessful
campaign for the gov
ernorship, and so in
creased his vote of
the preceding year as
to promise success
when next he should
claim the suffrages of
the people. That
promise was re
deemed in 1890,
when he was trium
phantly elected gov
ernor of Massachu
setts. In the fall of
1891 he was elected

for a second term,
and at the last elec
tion the people chose
him for the third
time as the governor
of their choice. His
administration has
been distinguished as
one conducted on
sound business prin
ciples, while he has
shown rare judgment
in grasping the pop
ular demands in the way of legislation and in the exercise
of his prerogative as guardian of the interests and honor
of the State. As an orator, he is one of the most brilliant
that has ever been elected to the governorship, while as a
debater upon the stump he has well won the soubriquet of
the " Little Giant." In 1885, he was married to Margaret
Manning, daughter of Joshua A. and Sarah (Hodges)
Swan, and is as fortunate in his domestic environment as
in the success that has distinguished his political career.

26

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

0t,

WILLIAM HENRY HAILE, the Republican can
didate for governor of Massachusetts in 1892,
is a lawyer, a prominent business man, and a leader in
public life. Mr. Haile's father was the first Republican
governor of New Hampshire. William H. Haile was
born at Chesterfield, N. H., Sept. 23, 1833, the son of
William and Sabrana (Walker) Haile. When he was
very young his father removed to Hinsdale, N. H., and
in that town his boyhood days were passed and his
earlier education ob
tained. After gradu
ating from the Hins
dale public schools
he prepared for col-
lege at Kimball
Union Academ y,
Meriden, N. H. Af
ter a year and a half **""'
at Amherst Mr. Haile
entered Dartmouth
College, from which
he was gradu a t e d
with high honor in
1856. Then he went
to Springfield, where
he studied law and
was admitted to the
bar. For a short
time he practised
law in Boston, after
which he returned to
Hinsdale, N. H., to
engage in the manu
facture of woollen
goods. He became
a partner of his
father and Hon.
Rufus S. Frost, of
Chelsea, under the
firm name of Haile,
Frost & Co. The business was afterward transferred
to a corporation called the Haile & Frost Manufacturing
Company, of which William H. Haile is now president.
Mr. Haile was married to Amelia L., daughter of Ethan
S. and Louisa (Burns) Chapin, of Springfield, in Jan
uary, 1 86 1. Mr. Haile resided in New Hampshire
until 1872, when he returned to Springfield. During
his residence in Hinsdale he was a member of the New
Hampshire Legislature three terms, haying been elected

WILLIAM HENRY HAILE.

a member of the lower House by the people of Hinsdale
in 1865, 1866, and 1871. Nine years after his return
to Massachusetts (in 1881), he was elected mayor of
Springfield. In 1882 and 1883, Mr. Haile represented
the First Hampden Senatorial District in the Legislature,
serving as chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs
and of the Committee on Mercantile Affairs, and being
also a member of the committees on banks and bank
ing and on manufactures. Mr. Haile was nominated for
lieutenant-gove rnor
in 1889 on the
ticket with John Q.
A. Brackett. The
ticket was elected,
but Mr. Brackett was
defeated by William
E. Russell. In 1890
Mr. Haile was re
elected and was
again re-nominated
in 1 89 1, on the ticket
with Charles H.
Allen, of Lowell,
Mr. Allen being de
feated and Mr. Haile
again re-elected. In
1892, Mr. Haile was
considered the
strongest man the
Republican party
could nominate
against Governor
Russell, and it was
expected b y his
political adhere n t s
that his popularity
would carry him
through. Governor
Russell, however,
was re-elected. In
Springfield, ballots were found on which, through inad
vertence, an attempt had been made to vote for Haile
and Wolcott Hamlin, instead of for Haile and Roger
Wolcott, the voters having apparently been misled by
the first name of the Prohibition candidate for governor.
These ballots were thrown out, and it was at first thought
by some of Mr. Haile's friends that mistakes enough of
that kind had been made throughout the State to cover
Governor Russell's plurality.

Tfj George F. Morse

Elisha Morgan

MEMBERS OF THE GOVERNOR'S COUNCIL, 1892.

THE GOVERNOR'S COUNCIL, 1892.

THE governor's council is an institution peculiar to
the New England States. Four only of them
have it, and in no other State in the Union does it
obtain. The governor's council of Massachusetts is
composed of eight members, chosen in districts annually
by the people, and presided over by the lieutenant-gov
ernor of the Commonwealth. The law provides that
they shall rank next after the lieutenant-governor. In
case of the offices of governor and lieutenant-governor
becoming vacant, the council has full authority to do
and execute all acts and matters within the power of
those officials. It is the duty of the council to advise the
governor in the executive functions of the government,
and all appointments of the governor must be submitted
to the council for approval and confirmation. The
council of Massachusetts has ever been distinguished for
the able and honorable men that have composed it, and
the council of 1892 compares well with the best of
its predecessors.
Isaac Newton Keith is councillor from the first dis
trict. This is his fourth year in this body. He is pro
prietor of the Keith Manufacturing Company, manufac
turers of railway cars. He started in business in 1867,
the present company having been incorporated in 1889.
Mr. Keith was born in West Sandwich, Barnstable
County, Nov. 14, 1838, and his education was obtained
in the public schools of that town. Subsequently he
learned telegraphy, and, after two years' service as an
operator, he became superintendent of the Amer
ican Telegraph Company, having charge of the Cape
Cod and Cape Ann divisions, with headquarters in
Boston. For seven years he held this position. Mr.
Keith has always been a Republican. In 1875 and
1876 he was a member of the lower house of the Legis
lature, and in 1887 and 1888 he was senator from the
Cape district. Mr. Keith was marrried Sept. 7, 1865, to
Miss Eliza Frances Smith, of Provincetown. They have
two children.
Edwin Vinald Mitchell, of the second district, is
serving his first term in the council. He is a member
of the firm of 'Searle, Dailey & Co., straw goods manu

facturers, of New York, the factory, which is one of the
largest and most important in the country, being located
at Medfield. Mr. Mitchell is resident and managing
partner. He was born in Sangerfield, Me., Oct. 2, 1850.
At the age of seventeen he went to work for his brother
in the straw business, and two years later was admitted
to partnership. After a period of twelve years as super
intendent for D. D. Curtis & Co., of Medfield, he was
admitted to the firm, and upon the death of Mr. Curtis,
in 1885, the present firm of Searle, Dailey &: Co. was
formed. Mr. Mitchell served on the staff of Gov.
Brackett in 1890. In 1885 he married Miss Blanche
E., daughter of Mr. D. D. Curtis.
Ephraim Stearns, councillor from the third district,
was born in Waltham, March 8, 1839, and was educated
in the public schools. After graduating from the Waltham
High School, he entered upon a mercentile life in Bos
ton. He entered an importing house, remaining
with the same firm nearly ten years, and becoming
thoroughly versed in all the details of the trade.
He then established himself in business in the firm of
Blake & Stearns, commission merchants and jobbers in
woollens, which house still continues as one of the sub
stantial firms of Boston. In 1862 Mr. Stearns enlisted
in the Forty-fifth Massachusetts Volunteers. He was
sergeant, and served honorably through the term of his
enlistment with his regiment in North Carolina. He
has taken an active part in public affairs in Waltham,
where he resides, and has been an ardent advocate of
Republican principles, serving as chairman of the Re
publican Town Committee for several years. In 18S4
he was a delegate to the Republican National Conven
tion at Chicago. He was a member of the committee
appointed to draw the charter for the city of Waltham,
and was a member of the first Board of Aldermen.
He was appointed by Governor Robinson as a member
of his staff with the rank of colonel, and by Department
Commander Walker, of the Grand Army of the Repub
lic, as assistant quartermaster-general. He also served
for three years as president of the New England Com
mercial Travellers' Association. In 1890 he was chosen

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

29

councillor, and re-elected in 1891. He is one of the
trustees of the Waltham Savings Bank, and chairman of
the Park Commission of Waltham.
James Donovan represents the greater part of the
city of Boston in the council, his district being the
fourth. He is the only Democrat in the body, and also
the youngest member, having been born in 1859, in
Boston. He attended the public schools till he was
eleven years of age, when he graduated from the Rice
grammar school. When twenty-one years old he appeared
in public life as a candidate for the Common Council
in ward sixteen. He was elected, and returned to that
body for two successive terms, making a reputation for
loyalty to friends and constituents. He was next sent
to the House of Representatives from his ward and
served five years there. He was first elected to the
Senate in 1888, served three years, and distinguished
himself by his advocacy of labor legislation. He was
elected to the council in 1891, and re-elected in 1892.
He is a real estate agent.
Moses How, the councillor from the fifth district, is
the senior member, and is now serving his second term
in the council. He was for years a successful shoe
manufacturer, but is now retired from active business
life. He was born in Methuen, Mass., June 19, 1819,
educated in the public schools, and when a young boy
removed to Haverhill, where he has since resided and
been identified with all that city's interests. His first
situation was in the office of a coal dealer, and to him
belongs the honor of bringing to Haverhill the first
cargo of coal ever brought from Philadelphia. He be
came engaged in the shoe business and then in the
manufacture of shoe machinery, and was one of the
pioneers in the latter business. For sixteen years he
was president of the First National Bank of Haverhill.
Upon the incorporation of Haverhill as a city in 1870,
he was a member of the Common Council. In 1882
and 1883 he was mayor of the city.
Alonzo H. Evans is councillor from the sixth district.
He is president of the Boston Five Cents Savings Bank,
one of the largest and soundest institutions in the city,
having open accounts with 128,000 persons and
deposits of nearly $20,000,000. Mr. Evans was born in
Allenstown, N. H., in 1820. When fifteen years old he
secured work in a Lowell mill, as a bobbin boy. A year
later he moved to Boston. In 1854 he was one of

the incorporators of the bank of which he is now presi
dent, and was its first treasurer. Mr. Evans lives in
Everett. He was the prime mover in having the town
set off from Maiden in 1871, and in 1892 was active in
having the town incorporated as a city. He was elected
in 1892 by the citizens as the first mayor of the new
city. He represented the town two years in the Legis
lature, and in 1889 and 1890 was senator. In 1892
he was elected councillor by the Massachusetts Legisla
ture. George F. Morse represents the seventh district.
This is his first year in the council. He was born in
Leominster, Mass., Oct. 16, 1835, and in that town
obtained his education, graduating from the high school
in 1851. In 1857 he became one of the organizers of
the Morse Comb Company. In 1871 the firm of G. F.
Morse & Co. was formed for the manufacture of combs,
and this business has continued till the present time.
Mr. Morse served two years in the Civil War. In 1863
he was proprietor of the City Hotel in Baltimore, and in
1876 he was proprietor and manager of the Creighton
House, in Boston. He has been president of the South
Spring Hill Gold Mining Company, of California, presi
dent of the Hecla Powder Company, of New York, and
a director of the Leominster Gas Company and the
Wachusett National Bank, of Fitchburg. He was mar
ried in 1859 to Miss Mary E. Tufts, of Fitchburg.
Elisha Morgan, of Springfield, is councillor from the
eighth district. This is his first public office, and he has
been re-elected for a second term. He was born in
Northfield, Mass., in 1833. As a boy he worked in the
country store of his father, and then, before he reached
his majority, he secured employment as accountant with
the Connecticut River Railroad Company. Subsequently
he was promoted to the positions of paymaster, freight
agent, and ticket agent, with headquarters in Springfield,
holding all three positions at one time. In 1865 he
began the manufacture of envelopes and mucilage,
employing about twenty hands. Now more than two
hundred are employed, and the business has grown to
one of the largest of its kind in the world. In 1872 the
company was incorporated as the Morgan Envelope
Company. Their annual output is nearly a hundred
million envelopes. Mr. Morgan also has a half interest
in the envelope factory at Hartford, Conn., which
supplies the United States government with envelopes.

3°

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

ATTORNEY-GENERAL ALBERT E. PILLSBURY,
the official leader of the legal practitioners of the
State at the present time, is a man of whom it may be
said with truth that he has won his way by force of
his own merits. Mr. Pillsbury is the son of Josiah W.
and Elizabeth D. Pillsbury, and was born at Milford, N.
H., Aug. 19, 1849. His father was a graduate of Dart
mouth College, of the class of 1840, and intended to
follow a profession, but the state of his health required
the out-of-door life
of a farmer, and his
son's early years were
spent upon the farm.
Mr. Pillsbury began
his education in the
Milford schools, and
prepared for college
at Appleton Acad
emy, at New Ipswich,
N. H., and Lawrence
Academy, at Groton,
Mass., entering Har
vard in the class of
1871. He did not
finish his course at
Harvard (from which
institution, however,
he received the hon
orary degree of A.
M. in 1890), but went
to Sterling, 111., where
he taught school for
a year and studied
law with his uncle,
Hon. James Dins-
moor. He was ad-
mitted to the bar in
Illinois, but returned
to New England, was
admitted in Massa
chusetts, and opened an office in Boston, where he has
ever since been in practice. He entered public life as
a member of the lower House of the Legislature from
Ward 17, and served three years, from 1876 to 1878
inclusive. He was elected to the Senate from the Sixth
Suffolk District for the years 1884, 1885, and 1886.
As a member of the House in 1876, he was chairman
of the Committee on Elections and a member of the
Committee on Federal Relations, and in 1877 and 1878

ALBERT E. PILLSBURY

was a member of the judiciary and other committees.
While in the Senate in 1884 he was chairman of the
Joint Committee on the Hoosac Tunnel Railroad, a
member of the Committee on the Judiciary, and chair
man of various special committees. In 1885 and 1886
he was unanimously chosen president of the Senate. In
1887 he was offered the appointment of judge-advocate
general, and a year later, a seat upon the bench of the
Superior Court, both of which were declined, as well as
the position of cor-
porati on counsel
of the city of Bos
ton, offered him in
1889. In the fall of
1890 he was nomi
nated for attorney
general by the Re
publican State Con-
ve n t i o n, and was
elected at the ensu
ing election, and in
1891 and 1892 he
was re-elected. His
administration of this
office is described by
a leading journal as
" one of the most
successful, not to say
brilliant, in the his
tory of the State,"
and some of his offi
cial work has at
tracted wide atten
tion, especially his
argument to the jury
in the trial of the
Tena Davis murder
case at Cambridge.
He was prominently
mentioned in con
nection with the Republican nomination for governor
in 1892, but declined to be a candidate. In 1888 Mr.
Pillsbury was chosen president of the National Associa
tion of the Pillsbury family at its first gathering at New-
buryport, where the family in this country originated,
and where the house built by " Daniel Pilsbery," in 1699,
still stands. Mr. Pillsbury was married in Newbury, Vt.,
July 9, 1889, to Louise F. (Johnson) Wheeler, daughter
of Edward C. and Delia M. (Smith) Johnson.

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

31

WILLIAM MILO OLIN, sixteenth secretary of
the Commonwealth since 1780, was born at
Warrenton, Ga., of New England parents, Sept. 18,
1845 1 but in 1850 his family removed to Massachusetts,
and the future Secretary of State obtained his education
in the public schools of the Bay State. He early en
tered the office of the Worcester Transcript, starting at
the bottom of the ladder as the " devil " in that office,
and working his way to the case. Thus he continued
until the breaking out
of the Rebellion,
when his young blood
became fired with the
patriotic enthusiasm
of the times, culmi
nating in his enlist
ment in the Thirty-
sixth Regiment of
Massachusetts Vol
unteers, being at the
time one of the
youngest soldiers to
offer his services. He
followed the fortunes
of his regiment
throughout its term
of service, sharing
the various cam
paigns in which they
participated. Re
turning to civil life,
he devoted some time
to study and to his
further mental equip
ment, and then joined
the reportorial staff
of the Boston Adver
tiser, remaining with
that paper for four
teen years, and ad
vancing, during that period, from reporter to editor,
and then to the position of Washington correspondent.
In 1879 he was appointed private secretary and military
secretary to his Excellency, Governor Talbot, and was
re-appointed to those offices by Governor Long in 1880,
i88r, and 1882. In May, 1882, he became private
secretary to Collector Worthington, when that gentle
man was placed at the head of the Boston Custom
House. On Collector Worthington's retirement, in

WILLIAM MILO OLIN

December, 1885, Mr. Olin was appointed private secre
tary to Senator Dawes, leaving the latter to become pri
vate secretary to Collector Beard in March, 1890. It was
while filling the last-named position that he was elected
Secretary of State, in the fall of 1890, to which office he
was handsomely returned for a third term at the last
State election. He has always taken a deep interest in
the military affairs of the Commonwealth, and for seven
years filled the office of assistant adjutant-general of the
First Brigade, Mass
achusetts Volunteer
Militia, under Gen
eral Nat. Wales, and
rendered good ser
vice in bringing the
citizen soldiery of the
State to the high mil
itary standing it en
joys at present. He
is also a devoted and
enthusiastic member
of the Grand Army of
the Republic, has
been commander of
his post, and was ad
jutant-general of the
National Encamp
ment under the ad
ministration of Corn-
man der-in- Chief
Merrill. He is now
the Massac h u s e 1 1 s
member of the Na
tional Council of Ad-
mini st rat ion. So
cially, Secretary Olin
is a man of pleasing
and genial address,
and of warm, gener
ous sympathies ; and
when he was first named for the secretaryship it was to
these qualities, as well as to his military service and his
high qualifications for the position, that his selection
was due. His conduct of the office has been on that
broad and comprehensive conception of its important
duties which has distinguished his two immediate pred
ecessors, both of whom enjoyed the confidence of the
voters of the State to an extent that insured them long
terms of office.

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

GEORGE AUGUSTUS MARDEN, treasurer and
receiver-general of Massachusetts, has been five
times elected to the position which he now holds. Mr.
Marden is one of the best-known public officials in
Massachusetts, for he has been connected with thirteen
Legislatures as clerk, speaker, or member, besides being
an orator whose services are always in demand, and one
who has been heard in all portions of the State, while
he is also well known as a writer. Mr. Marden was
born at Mount Ver
non, N. H., Aug. 9,
1839, fitted for col
lege at Appleton
Academy, in that
town, and graduated
at Dar tmouth, in
1 86 1, having earned
the means by his
own labor to pay his
way through college.
Early in the outbreak
of the Civil War he
enlisted in the Sec
ond Regiment Ber-
dan's United States
Sharpshooters, soon
being transferred to
and receiving a com
mission in the First
Regiment Berdan's
Sharpshooters, and
serving as quarter
master, and also as
acting assistant adju
tant-general of the
Third Brigade, Third
Division, Third Army
Corps. His term of
service was from
December, 1861, to
September, 1864, when he was mustered out because
of expiration of term of his regiment. ( "Jn the comple
tion of his services, he returned to Concord, N. H., and
entered upon the study of law, engaging also in journal
istic work. The latter proved the most congenial field,
and in it he has since taken a constant part. His news
paper duties have been performed at Concord, N. H.,
on the Monitor of that city ; at Boston, on the Daily
Advertiser; at Charleston, West Va. ; and in Lowell

GEORGE AUGUSTUS MARDEN.

Mass., with the Lowell Courier, of which latter he is
now editor and part proprietor. Nor has his pen
been confined to journalism alone, for he has compiled
and edited a history of each New Hampshire military
organization which took part in the Civil War, and has
written poems for the Alumni Association and Phi Beta
Kappa Society of Dartmouth College, and poems and
addresses for many other organizations. For 1873, ne
was elected a member of the Massachusetts Legislature,
and the next year
was chosen clerk of
that body, a posi
tion which he re
tained for nine years.
In 1883 and 1884 he
was again a member,
and was elected
speaker of the House
in each of those
years. In 1885 he
was a member of the
Senate. Mr. Mar
den has a keen sense
of humor, and this
characteristic of his
gives an additional
interest to his ora
torical efforts, and
no political speaker
is more sure of a
large and apprecia
tive audience than'
he, forhis name is an
earnest of something
fresh, bright, and
amusing, while he is,
at the same time, a
most forcible and
eloquent speaker.
He counts as his
highest honor in this line an invitation to speak on
Forefathers' Day at the dinner of the New England
Society of New York, in 1890, and again in 1892. As
a journalist he takes high rank, while his popularity as
a public officer is not confined to any party, but is
emphasized by the cordial respect that' is felt 'for him
throughout the State, irrespective of party. Mr. Mar
den was married Dec. 10, 1867, to Mary P. Fiske, of
Nashua, N. H. They have two sons.

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

3;

GENERAL JOHN W. KIMBALL, State auditor of
Massachusetts, has been in the public service,
military and civil, since he was eighteen years of age.
He is a native of Fitchburg and was born Feb. 27,
1828. His education was obtained in the public schools
of the town, and on leaving school he learned the trade
of scythe-making in his father's shop. He followed this
vocation until the outbreak of the war, when he took
the Fitchburg Fusileers into the United States service,
he being captain of
the company at that
time. From May,
1858, to January,
i860, he was adju
tant of the Ninth
Regiment,Massachu-setts Volunteers, and
was then, for the sec
ond time, elected cap -
tain of the Fusileers.
As lieutenant-colonel
of the Fifteenth Regi
ment he commanded
that body in the
Army of the Poto
mac in all the battles
of the Peninsular
campaign, Second
Bull Run, South
Mountain, Antietam,
and down to Fred
ericksburg, when he
was ordered to Mas
sachusetts to take
the colonelcy of the
Fifty-Third Regi
ment. He com
manded that regi
ment in the Depart
ment of the Gulf, in
1863, and was in the siege of Port Hudson. In the
assault of June 14, he was dangerously wounded in
the thigh. General Kimball served nearly three years
in the army and was made brevet brigadier-general of
the United States Volunteers, " for gallant and distin
guished services in the field during the war." After
his return from the front he re-organized the Fitch
burg Fusileers, in 1866, and again took command as
captain. He continued in the State Militia almost con-

JOHN W. KIMBALL

tinuously until 1878, and was colonel of the Tenth
Regiment from 1876 to 1878. General Kimball has
served the public in a number of important offices
and has always had a reputation for the most faithful
and efficient service. One of the most responsible
positions he ever held was that of custodian of rolls,
dies and plates, etc., used in the printing of bonds,
treasury notes, national currency, and all the securi
ties of the government, in the bureau of engraving
and printing at Wash
ington. He had the
honor of being rec
ommended for this
position, unknown
to himself, by Gen
eral Charles Devens,
colonel of his first
regiment, whose im
plicit confidence in
General Kimball was
such that he said in
his recommendation,
that he "not only
recommend e d his
appointment, but
would become per
sonally responsib 1 e
for his honesty and
integrity." General
Kimball's public
career embraces a
period of nearly
forty years, during
which time he has
represented his na
tive town and city
seven years in the
Legislature, and Jan.
1, 1893, entered
upon his second
term as auditor of the Commonwealth, a position in
which he has given entire satisfaction to all, irrespec
tive of political affiliations. While in the Legislature
he served upon the military, finance, and railroad com
mittees, being chairman of the Military Committee in
1872, and chairman of the Railroad Committee in
1890-91, two of the three years that he served on
that important committee. He was commander of the
Department of Massachusetts, G. A. R., during 1874.

34

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

'

IN the year 1818 four governors of Massachusetts were
born, two of whom — George Sewell Boutwell and
Benjamin Franklin Butler — belong as much to the
nation as to the Commonwealth. Few citizens of Mas
sachusetts, in the whole course of her history, have
occupied more responsible and influential positions in
public life than Mr. Boutwell; and certainly there are
none now living of her honored sons who have brought
to the fulfilment of their official duties greater energy
of spirit, purity of
character, or loyalty
to imposed trust than
has this widely known
and universally re
spected representa
tive of the old Bay
State. He was a
farmer's son, and was
born in Brookline,
being a lineal de
scendant of James
Boutwell, who immi
grated from the
neighborhood of
London, England,
and became a " free
man " in 1 ,vnn, Mass.,
in 1638. The early
years of Ex -( iovernor
Boutwell's life were
passed upon his fath
er's farm in Lunen
burg, Mass., and at
the age of thirteen
he was employed in
a country store at
Lunenburg. At
eighteen he began
the study of law, but
was not admitted to
the bar until he was thirty- four years of age. At nine
teen he delivered his first public lecture before the
Groton Lyceum. In 1840 he supported Van Buren,
and the following year was elected to the Legislature.
From 1842 to 1850, inclusive, he served seven years
in that body. From that time on official positions were
crowded upon his acceptance. Governor in 185 1 and
1852 ; member of the State Board of Education for five
years from 1853; overseer of Harvard College from

GEORGE S. BOUTWELL.

1 85 1 to i860 ; a member of the American Academy of
Arts and Sciences in 1857 ; member of the Peace Con
gress in 1 86 1 ; member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society,
1 86 1 ; delegate to the Chicago conventions of i860
and 1880; organizer of the Department of Internal
Revenue, and serving as commissioner until 1863;
member of the Thirty-eighth, Thirty-ninth, Fortieth,
and Forty-first Congresses; Secretary of the Treasury
under President Grant, and originator of the plan of
refu nding the na
tional debt, which
has been followed
by his successors ;
elected to the United
States Senate in
1873; commissioner
to revise the Statutes
of the United States
in 1877 ; attorney to
defend the Federal
Government before
the International
Commission created
to dispose of claims
of French citizens
against the United
States and of United
States citizens against
France, in 1880 —
that is work enough
for a score of ordinary
lives, but it does not
represent the whole
o f E x-G overnoi
Boutwell's industry.
Among his many pub
lications are a trea
tise on the internal
revenue and excise
system of the United
States, which is still an authority in the department ; a
volume entitled " The Lawyer, Statesman, and Soldier " ;
a volume on educational topics and institutions ; a volume
of speeches and essays on the Rebellion, and a volume
entitled " Why I am a Republican." Ex-Governor Bout
well is still engaged in the practice of law in Boston.
His home is in Groton. He was married in 1841 to
Sarah Adelia, daughter of Nathan Thayer, of Hollis,
N. H., and has two children.

Massachusetts of to-day.

35

THE oldest, and one of the most distinguished, of
the living ex-governors of the Commonwealth is
Nathaniel Prentiss Banks, who was born in Waltham,
Jan. 30, 18 16, the son of Nathaniel Prentiss and Re
becca (Greenwood) Banks. After receiving the rudi
ments of a common school training, he went to work,
when about ten years of age, as bobbin boy in a cotton
factory of which his father was superintendent. In this
factory the first cotton cloth was made that was manu
factured in the United
States. He subse
quently learned the
machinist's trade, de
voting, however, all
his leisure hours to
reading and study,
and early developing
an aptitude for pub
lic speaking. He be
came editor of a local
paper, and was con
cerned in newspaper
ventures in Waltham
and Lowell. Having
studied law in the
office of Robert Ran-
toul, Jr., he was ad
mitted to the bar,
but he never prac
tised much in the
courts. His first pub
lic service was as in
spector in the Bos
ton Custom House.
In 1849 he was
elected to the Legis-
lature, and was
speaker of the House
in 1851 and 1852.
He was president of
the State Constitutional Convention in 1853, and in the
same year was elected to Congress as a coalition Dem
ocrat. Being re-elected to the next Congress by the
American party, he was chosen speaker of the National
House of Representatives, after an unparalleled contest,
lasting over two months, and resulting in the casting of
one hundred and thirty-two ballots before the deadlock
was broken. He was governor in 1858-60. In 1861
he was commissioned a major-general of volunteers,

NATHANIEL PRENTISS BANKS.

and assigned to the command of the fifth corps in the
Army of the Potomac. His corps participated in the
battle of Cedar Mountain, holding its position against
a largely superior force. In the same year General
Banks was placed in command of the defences of Wash
ington, and subsequently succeeded General Butler in
the command of the department of the Gulf. The Red
River expedition, undertaken against his remonstrances,
proved a failure, and military critics exculpate General
Banks from all blame
for the result. Re
lieved of his com
mand in May, 1864,
he resigned his com
mission, returned to
Massachusetts, w a s
again elected to Con
gress from his old
district, and was re
elected to the suc
cessive Congr esses
until 1877, failing
only in 1872, when
he allied himself to
the fortunes of Hor
ace Greeley. He was
for a long time chair
man of the Commit
tee on Foreign Re
lations. After his
retirement from con
gressional service, he
was appointed
United States mar-
shall, and served
until President Cleve
land's administra
tion. In 1888 he
was once more
elected to Congress
from his old district. General Banks was married in
Waltham, April 11, 1847, to Mary, daughter of Jeduthan
and Sarah (Turner) Palmer. Of this union there are
three children living, — Joseph W., a civil engineer,
settled in the West ; Mary Binney, wife of Rev. Paul
Sterling, and Maud Banks, the well-known actress, who,
inheriting her dramatic tastes from her father, has so
successfully devoted herself to histrionic art. General
Banks continues to reside at Waltham.

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

PROSPERITY, opulence, and respect, with honors,
both social and civic, have been liberally vouch
safed to Ex-Governor William Claflin, and he has dis
pensed his wealth in the same generous manner. He is
one of the four living ex-governors who were born in
the same year — 1818. And he is one of the compara
tively few business men who have been distinguished
governors of the Commonwealth. He was born at Mil
ford, Mass., March 6, 181 8, and was educated at the
Milford Academy
and at Brown Uni
versity. In 1838 he
went into the boot
and shoe business at
St. Louis, Mo., and
remained there seven
years. Since then
he has been a mem
ber of one of the
largest boot and shoe
manufacturing estab
lish ments in New
England. Ex-Gov
ernor Claflin's record
of political service
may be summarized
in a general way as
follows : He was a
member of the Mas
sachusetts House of
Representatives from
1849 to 1853 ; of the
State Senate in i860
and 1861, presiding
over that body the
second year ; was
lieutenant-gove r n o r
from 1866 to 1869 ;
governor of the State
from 1869 to 1871 ;
member of the National Republican Committee from
1864 to 1876, and member of Congress from 1877 to
1 88 1. He was a Free-soiler in the early fifties, and held
aloof from the Know-nothing party, which he was urged
to join, saying that his particular fight was with slavery.
Unsolicited came his nomination as the Republican
party's candidate for governor. He himself was then
in New York doing yoeman's work to secure the
election of General Grant to the presidency. The sit-

WILLIAM CLAFLIN

uation bristled with difficulties, and upon Mr. Claflin,
as chairman of the National Republican Committee,
devolved the task of surmounting them. It was soon
after the close of the war, and the dread of dictatorship
was very widely diffused in the North. There was also
great doubt concerning General Grant's efficiency on
account of his inexperience in civil affairs. There
probably has not been since that time any national
campaign which has taxed more the efforts and exertion
of the National Com
mittee, or which has
been more laborious
or exhaustive. The
overwhelm ing ma
jority which Grant
and Colfax received
was in no small
degree due to the
labors of the Na
tional Committee.
v Ex-Governor Claf
lin's administration
of State affairs was
up to the high stand
ard which his ablest
predecessors had set.
In Congress he was
one of the most in
fluential members of
the House, his states
manlike manner of
dealing with public
questions making
him respected in
both parties, for he
always rose above
the considerat ions
of mere partisanship.
Ex-Governor Claflin
is connected with
many business organizations. He has been president
of the New England Shoe and Leather Association,
is a member of the Boston Wesleyan Association, and
president of the trustees of Boston University. Wes
leyan University of Middletown and Harvard College
have conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Laws.
Like his father he is philanthropic, the best-known of
their public benefactions being the endowments of Bos
ton University and of Claflin Umiversity at Orangeburg.

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY,

37

EX-GOVERNOR WILLIAM GASTON belongs to
both the past and the present generation. He has
seen not a little of public life, but, with the exception
of five years, has succeeded in conducting his large and
important professional practice for nearly half a century.
The five years referred to were the two years — 1861
and 1862 — while he was mayor of the city of Rox-
bury ; the two years — 1871 and 1872 — while mayor of
Boston, and the year 1875, when he was governor of
the Commonwealth.
Other positions of
trust he has held,
both public and pri
vate, and in them all
he has shown the
qualities of a thor
oughly conscientious
and able man. His
long career has been
successful from the
first. He comes of a
distinguished ances
try. On the paternal
side he is descended
from Jean Gaston,
born in France about
the year 1590, a Hu
guenot, who was ban
ished on account of
his religion, and set
tled in Scotland ; and
on the maternal side
from Thomas Arnold,
who, with his brother
William, came to
New England in
1636, and joined
Roger Williams in
Rho d e. Island in
1654. William Gas
ton was born Oct. 3, 1820, in Killingly, Conn., where his
father, who had been in the State Legislature, was a
merchant. With his parents, William Gaston moved to
Roxbury, Mass., in 1838. Graduating with high honors
from Brown University in 1840, he first studied law in
Roxbury, in the office of Judge Francis Hillard, and
afterwards in Boston with the distinguished lawyers and
jurists, Charles P. and Benjamin R. Curtis, with whom
he remained until his admission to the bar in 1844. At

Roxbury, in 1846, he opened his first law office, taking
soon a leading position at the bar. He continued his
practice there until 1865, when he formed, with the
late Harvey Jewell and the present chief justice of the
Supreme Judicial Court, Hon. Walbridge A. Field, the
famous and successful law firm of Jewell, Gaston &
Field. This firm continued until the election of Mr.
Gaston to the gubernatorial chair in 1874. His politi
cal career began in 1853, when he was elected to the
State Legislature.
He was re-elected
the following year,
and again in 1856.
While mayor of Rox
bury, in 1861-62,
he was very active
in raising troops for
the preservation of
the Union. He went
to the front several
times, and was enthu
siastically patriotic
during the entire crit
ical period. In 1868
he was State Senator
from Roxbury, and in
1871, after the an
nexation of Roxburv,
was mayor of Bos
ton, and was re
elected the following
year. Much against
his own inclinations,
he was prevailed
upon to be a candi
date in 1872, and his
Republ i c a n oppo
nent was declared
elected mayor by only
seventy-nine plural
ity, a fact indicative of his great popularity. In 1874
he was elected governor of Massachusetts, being the first
Democratic executive since the Republican party came
into power. Resuming his law business, Ex-Governor
Gaston, in 1879, took Mr. C. L. B. Whitney into partner
ship, and in 1883, Mr. William A. Gaston, the governor's
son, was admitted to the firm. Ex-Governor Gaston re
ceived the honorary degree of LL. D. from Brown Univer
sity, his alma mater, and from Harvard College in 1875.

WILLIAM GASTON

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

MASSACHUSETTS has been prolific in public men
who, from scholarly attainments, inherent abil
ity and acquired experience, reflect honor upon the
State when called upon to exercise high and executive
functions. Such a man — and he is one of the most
conspicuous figures in the later history of the Com
monwealth—is Ex-Governor Alexander Hamilton Rice.
He was born in Newton, Mass., Aug. 30, 1818, the year
that saw the birth of three other future governors.
After going through
the preparatory
course of study in
public schools and
academies, he en
tered Union College
in New York State,
and was graduated
in 1844, being the
commencement ora
tor of his class.
Three years later
that institution con
ferred upon him the
degree of A. M., and
he was made Doctor
of Laws by Harvard
University, in 1876.
After graduation he
began business life
in the house of Wil-
kins, Carter & Co.,
paper manufacturers,
Boston, and has con
tinued in the same
line up to the pres
ent time. He has
built up an extensive
business and is now
pres ident of the
Rice-Kendall Com
pany, paper dealers and manufacturers. He was the
first Republican mayor of Boston, having been elected
in 1855, when that party was formed. His term of
office, lasting two years, was one of the most important
of any since the city of Boston was incorporated. Many
great public improvements were begun, including the
development of the Back Bay district, many street
widenings, the building of the City Hospital, and the
completion and dedication of the Public Library build

ing. Ex-Mayor Rice's address on the latter occasion was
a masterpiece of oratory. From 1859 to 1867 he was
a member of the National House of Representatives,
where he exerted a powerful influence during the recon
struction period. From 1875 to 1879 he was governor
of the Commonwealth, and his administrations were
marked for their business ability. He is vice-president
of the Webster Historical Society ; a member of the
American Archasological Society and American Histori
cal Association ; a
trustee of the Mas
sachusetts Institute
of Technology, of
the Art Museum of
Boston, and of the
Episcopal Theologi
cal School at Cam
bridge ; a director of
the American Loan
and Trust Company,
of the Massachusetts
National Bank, and
of the Bunker Hill
Monument Associa
tion ; president of the
National Soldiers'
Home, and honorary
chancellor of LTnion
University, Ne w
York, 1 88 1. During
recent years Ex-
Governor Rice has
devoted himself al
most entirely to busi
ness, living a quiet
life with his family,
apart from the tur
moil of politics,
though his counsels
are sought and highly
valued by the Republican party leaders. In commer
cial circles his judgment and experience find scope and
exercise upon the numerous boards with which he is
connected, l're-eminentlv a man of affairs, he has,
nevertheless, found time for the graces of intellectual
life, and his marked characteristic is the combination of
business sagacity and mental accomplishments. He
has been twice married. Ex-Governor Rice lives in
Huston, and has a summer home at Nantasket.

ALEXANDER HAMILTON RICE

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

AN educated student of politics, a polished orator
for any occasion, a ready talker on any subject,
a lover of literature, a patriotic statesman, and an able
lawyer lives in Hingham, Mass. His name is John
Davis Long, and he has been speaker of the Massachu
setts House of Representatives three years, lieutenant-
governor one year, governor three years, and member
of Congress three years. He is a born worker, and to
his tremendous capacity for toil are added versatile
talents of a high or
der. He came by
his ambition hon
estly. His father was
Zadoc Long, a leader
in Buckfield, Me.,
public spirited and
sturdy, the Whig can
didate for Congress
in his district in 1838,
the year his boy was
born. His mother
was a relative of John
Davis, who was gov
ernor of Massachu
setts, once just be
fore John Davis Long
was born, and twice
when the future gov
ernor was a baby.
The boy, John Davis
Long, went from the
Buckfield schools to
the Hebron Acad
emy, and from there
to Harvard College
in 1853. He stood
second in his class
at college in the sen
ior year. His poeti
cal faculty found early
expression, and he wrote the ode for class day. After
graduation he taught at Westford Academy two years ;
then studied law, and was admitted in 1861. Going
home to Buckfield, he put his shingle out, and, as he
says, " made twenty-five cents the first day, and next to
nothing after that." He came to Boston in 1862, and
soon formed a law partnership with Stillman B. Allen,
which lasted until 1879. Before he left the bar for po
litical life, his practice had grown to be far more remu-

JOHN D. LONG

nerative than was the salary of any office he has ever
filled. His rise in politics, when once he got started,
was wonderfully rapid, and the year 1875 found him in
the Massachusetts Legislature, where he remained until
1878, when he was elected lieutenant-governor. The
next year he was chosen governor, and in 1879 and
1880 was re- nominated by acclamation and re-elected
by heavy pluralities. He was made a doctor of laws by
his alma mater in 1880, and in 1882 delivered the one
hundredth Fourth of
July oration in Bos
ton. Then followed
his Congressional
career, with the great
Whiskey Bill speech,
and the Chicago Con
vention of 1884, with
the famous speech
nominating Senator
Edmunds for the
presidency. He has
always retained his
taste for the classics,
and in 1879 published
a translation of Vir
gil's "^Eneid," which
is said by critics to
preserve the spirit of
the original and to
possess strong poetic
feeling. His inaugu
ral addresses were lit
erary masterpie ces,
and as an orator on
a wide range of top
ics, he is always in
demand. Since his
retirement from Con
gress he has prac
tised law in Boston.
In 1870 Mr. Long married Mary W., daughter of George
S. Glover. His second marriage was with Agnes, daugh
ter of Rev. Joseph D. Pierce, in 1886. He has three
children. He is now senior member of the law firm of
Long & Hemenway, in Boston, and although actively
engaged in the practice of his profession, involving the
direction of an extensive business, Ex-Governor Long
finds leisure to devote to the larger public questions of
the clay, political, social, and philanthropic,

40

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

ONE masterful personality has left its imprint upon
the legislation, the opinions, the character of
New England, and has made its influence felt through
out the country. Though belonging to a generation
that is passing away, and though the zenith of his fame
was reached years ago, Benjamin Franklin Butler is still
a vital part of the Massachusetts of to-day. The glory
of his early triumphs at the bar, in the political life
of State and nation, in war and peace, has not faded
or been dimmed by
the animosities
which a positive na
ture like his ever
arouses. Though
the innumerable her
culean tasks which
he has accomplished
— enough to con
sume the vitality of
a regiment of men
— have told on his
physical powers, he
still preserves that
marvellous keenness
of mind and quick
ness of perception
that have made him
one of the foremost
of American lawyers.
There are a score of
episodes in his event
ful life, any one of
which would furnish
material for a vol
ume. Almost from
the day he was born,
Nov. 5, 1818, up
among the hills of
Deerfield, N. H.,
through boyhood,
youth, and early manhood, he displayed the germs of
those characteristics which have marked his later life.
He got his first lessons in politics from his grandmother;
he went to Phillips Exeter Academy, and later to Water-
ville College, where he got into a theological conflict
with the authorities ; he narrowly escaped becoming a
preacher; he studied law, and in Lowell, where he was
practising both law and politics, he raised, by his
advocacy of the Ten-Hour Bill, a terrific storm, the

BENJAMIN F. BUTLER

effects of which have even yet not wholly died away ;
he was elected to the Massachusetts Legislature and
kept the House from stagnating ; during the decade
from 1850 to i860, he was one of the liveliest and most
potent factors in Massachusetts politics. His military
record ; his controversy with Governor Andrew ; his
successful recruiting of soldiers in New England, against
the will of the governor ; the fascinating story of his
vigorous administration of affairs in New Orleans ; his
career as congress
man, and the part
h e took in the
national councils —
these are all invested
with the peculiar in
terest that attaches
to everything General
Butler has said or
done. His adminis
tration as governor
of Massachusetts, in
1883, with his famous
Thanksgiving proc
lamation and the in
vestigation of the
Tewksb u r y a 1 m s-
house, is green in
the memory of every
voter. The cam
paign of 1884, when
he was nominated
for the presidency
by the Greenback
party, was the close
of his political life.
Since then he has
devoted himself ex
clusively to the prac
tice of law. In 1892
he published his
autobiography, entitled "Butler's Book," which, though
it has been most severe])' handled by some of his critics
and enemies, is undoubtedly the most entertaining vol
ume of reminiscences that was ever printed. General
Butler resides in Lowell, but is frequently seen in the
courts of Boston and at his office in Ashburton Place.
He was married in 1844 to Sarah, daughter of Dr. Israel
and Dolly (Jones) llildreth. Mrs. Butler died in 1876.
Of this union were Blanche, Paul, and Ben-Israel.

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

41

THE public career of Ex-Congressman and Ex-
Governor George Dexter Robinson is familiar to
the nation. In many respects he is the best type of
New England character. Believing that talent is worth
less unless developed by industry, work has been the
motto and, to a great extent, the enjoyment of his life.
He worked as college student and as teacher in his
native town ; he worked for nine years as principal of
the Chicopee High School, bringing, out of the chaos of
a big village school,
the order, system,
and capacity for ex
tended instruction of
the modern graded
school ; he worked
so hard as a law stu
dent that he devoted
only one year to a
preparation that or
dinarily requires
three. To sustain
this labor he brought
a splendid physical
developme n t from
the old farm in Lex
ington, where he
worked as a boy, lay
ing then the founda
tions of a constitu
tion which has stood
the wear of nearly
forty years of unre
mitting devotion to
the duties of man
hood, with hardly a
day of illness, and
which promises many
years more of active
professional life.
Born of an old colo
nial family, Jan. 20, 1834, his childhood days were passed
in Lexington. He prepared for college at the Hopkins
Classical School, Cambridge, and graduated at Harvard
in 1856. The following nine years he had charge of
the Chicopee High School ; then studied law with his
brother, and in 1866, having been admitted to the bar
in Cambridge, began the practice of law at Chicopee ;
elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives
in 1873, and to the Senate in 1875 ; in 1878, elected to

GEORGE D. ROBINSON

Congress, and re-elected in 1880 and 1881 ; elected
governor of the Commonwealth in 1883, and re-elected
in 1884 and 1885. Those are the dry facts of Mr.
Robinson's career. Behind them lies a character that
has won for him not only worldly success, but esteem
and confidence. In Congress he applied himself to
understanding the business of the House, and speedily
became an authority upon it and upon parliamentary
law. Although not an adherent of Speaker Keifer, the
latter frequently
called him to the
speaker ' s chair,
where he made a
most effective presid
ing officer, many of
his rulings having
since been incorpo
rated in the manual
of the House. Mr.
Robinson's first cam
paign for the govern
orship is green in the
memory of every
Massachusetts man.
The masses of facts
and figures, with
which he combated
Ex-Governor Butler
on the stump night
after night, were
compiled by his own
labor on the State
House records dur
ing the day. As gov
ernor, his adminis
trations were singu
larly able and above
the reproach of ex
treme partisanship.
He never missed
town meetings in Chicopee, going home regularly while
he was governor to preside over them. Nor did he per
mit his gubernatorial duties to clash with those of super
intendent of the Chicopee Unitarian Sunday School, but
went home Saturday nights to conduct the exercises.
Since 1887 Governor Robinson has devoted himself to
the practice of law. His family consists of his wife, a
son, who is his law partner, and a daughter. In 1889
he was a special Indian commissioner.

42

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

OLIVER AMES, shovel manufacturer, three times
elected governor of Massachusetts, was born in
Easton, Bristol County, Mass., on Feb. 4, 1831, his
parents having been Oakes and Eveline Ames. He was
educated in the public schools of his native town, in
the academies of North Attleboro and Leicester, and at
Brown University, Providence, R. I., from which he has
received the degree of LL.D. Early in life he began
to show that interest in men and affairs which has been
the source of his
success both in bus
iness and in civic
matters. He entered
the shops of Oliver
Ames & Sons as an
apprentice, acquiring
a thorough knowl
edge of the business,
and developing it by
many improvements.
He also travelled for,
and became an active
member of, the firm,
which has since been
changed into a cor
poration. On the
death of his father,
whose fame as a
statesman and a bus
iness man is world
wide, he was called
upon to adjust the
affairs of his large
estate, and this he
did with marked abil
ity. In doing this
diffic ult work he
gained an experience
that has been of great
value to him, and to
thousands of others, in the management of numerous
railroad, mining, manufacturing, and banking corpora
tions, of which he has been president or director. He
has also been president of the Merchants' Club, of
Boston, and of the Boston Art Club. In the welfare of
his native town, and the education of its people, he has
taken an active interest. He was member of the Easton
School Committee for many years. He planted thou
sands of shade trees along Easton's public ways. He

OLIVER AMES.

has contributed liberally, and planned wisely, for the
erection of handsome and substantial public buildings,
and in many ways has aided in the development of
local improvements. He was elected a State senator in
1879, and was re-elected in 1880. In 1882 he was
elected lieutenant-governor, and was three times re
elected. Then he was elected governor. During the
three years which he was chief executive magistrate of
Massachusetts, he gave her people a business adminis
tration of her affairs
which has seldom
been equalled and
never surpassed.
Notably good were
his appointments to
office. In these he
made use of his wide
and thorough knowl
edge of men, to the
permanent advantage
of his fellow-citizens.
While he was gov
ernor he solved suc
cessfully a problem
that for several years
had confronted the
people of the State.
As a business man,
as one who appre
ciated the impor
tance of bringing all
the departments of a
great business — such
as that of a common
wealth — under one
roof, and with ample
room for its transac-
t i o 11, he r e c o m-
mended officially a
magnificent enlarge
ment of the Stale House. This recommendation was
approved by the Legislature, and under this authority
the governor provided plans for, and on Dec. 21, 1890,
laid the corner stone of, the new State House. At
a cost of less than three millions of dollars, Massachu
setts will have a State House that will be an ornament
to the city in which it stands, and a credit to the Com
monwealth. Here, if in no other place, is an enduring
monument to Oliver Ames,

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

43

LAWYER, legislator, and ex-governor, John Quincy
Adams Brackett stands in the first rank of the
sons of Massachusetts. He was born at Bradford,
N. H., June 8, 1842, and is the son of Ambrose S. and
Nancy Brackett. He studied in the public schools of
his native town and Colby Academy, from which he was
graduated in 1861. He then entered Harvard, and,
with high honors, was graduated in 1865, being the
class orator. He entered the Harvard Law School, and
in 1868 was admitted
to the bar in Boston,
where he still con
tinues to practise.
In 1871 he was
elected president of
the Mercantile Li
brary Association, of
Boston. In 1882 he
was again honored
with the same office.
Mr. Brackett was one
of the first promoters
of the young men's
Republi can move
ment, and presided
at the first meeting
held at Faneuil Hall,
in 1877. By this
time his public
speeches had made
him prominent. In
1874 he was ap
pointed judge-advo
cate upon the staff of
General I. S. BurreU,
of the First Brigade
of Massachusetts
Volunteer Militia,
and retained the po
sition until the re
organization in 1876. From 1873 t0 J876, inclusive,
he served in the Common Council of Boston, the latter
year being unanimously chosen president. In the same
year he was elected to the Massachusetts House of Rep
resentatives, and remained a member until 1881. He
again served from 1884 to 1886, inclusive. During that
time he was identified with some very important legisla
tion, prominent among which was the bill establishing
co-operative banks. Mr. Brackett was chairman of num-

J. Q. A. BRACKETT

berless committees, including that on Rules and the
special committee of 1881 on the Revision of the Stat
utes. In 1885 he was unanimously nominated for
speaker of the House, and was elected, and re-elected
in 1886. Probably no speaker in Massachusetts was
ever put to a more severe test than that which Mr.
Brackett encountered the first year — that of the famous
filibustering movement against the Metropolitan Police
Bill. ; By his firm action and spirited determination the
bill was reached and
passed, and both par
ties accorded him
much praise for his
ability in presiding
over this strong de
bate. In the fall of
1886 he was elected
lieutenant-gover 11 o r,
re-elected in 1887
and 1888, and the
next year he suc
ceeded Oliver Ames
as govern or. E x -
Governor Brackett,
in his inaugural ad
dress, approved the
abolition of the con
tract system of labor
in the prisons, and
recommended that
a law be passed that
prisoners be paid 'a
proportion of their
earnings while serv
ing their sentences,
and suggested many
other wise measures.
He also suggested
that the Legislature,
by res o 1 u t i o n or
otherwise, urge Congress to cause uniform couplers and
continuous brakes to be used on all freight cars employed
in interstate commerce as a protection to the brake-
men. Governor Bracket also advocated biennial elec
tions, but not biennial sessions of the Legislature.
These two propositions had been considered identical,
but he explained the difference and showed why the
change should be effected. He was married in 1878 to
Angie M. Peck, of Arlington.

44

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

HENRY LAURENS DAWES, senior United States
senator from Massachusetts, is the son of Mitchell
and Mercy (Burgess) Dawes, and was born in Cum-
mington, Mass., Oct. 30, 18 16. His early education
was obtained in the common and preparatory schools,
after which he entered Yale College, graduating from
the latter in the class of 1839. The next two years he
employed in teaching, and later became editor of the
Greenfield Gazette, which position he resigned to be
come managing ed
itor of the Adams
Transcript. From
journalism he turned
his attention to law,
entering the office of
Wells & Davis at
Greenfield, and was
admitted to the Mas
sachusetts bar in 1 842
beginning the prac
tice of his profession
in North Adams. In
1864 he removed to
Pittsfield, which has
ever since been his
legal place of resi
dence. He served in
the lower branch of
the State Legislature
in 1848, 1849, and in
the State Senate in

1850. In 1853 he
was a member of the
State Constitutional
Conv e n t i o n, and
from 1853 to 1857
was district attorney
for the western dis
trict. He was elected
to the Thirty-fifth,
Thirty-sixth, Thirty-seventh, Thirty-eighth, Fortieth,
Forty-first, Forty-second, and Forty-third Congresses,
and to the United States Senate in 1875, to succeed
Charles Sumner, whose unexpired term was filled by
William B. Washburn. He was re-elected in 188 1 and
again in 1887, his present term expiring March 3, 189?.
Mr. Dawes was married in Ashfield, Mass., May 1, 1844,
to Electa A. Sanderson, and of this union there are
three children living, — Anna Laurens, Chester Mitchell,

x-

HENRY L. DAWES

and Henry Laurens, Jr., — Miss Anna being prominently
identified with educational work, and a member of the
World's Fair Board of Managers. Senator Dawes has
always held a distinguished place in the councils of the
nation, and no member of the United States Senate is
more generally esteemed among his senatorial colleagues,
while he is as well an exceedingly popular man in the
State which he has honored and upon which his services
have conferred honor in return. No man in Washing
ton is more familiar
with the different
phases of the Indian
question and the re
lationship and duty
of the government to
its Indian wards, and
he has been for years
chairman of the Sen*
ate Committee on In
dian Affairs. Abroad,
genial, sympathetic
man, he has won the
respect of all parties,
and in the Senate,
whenever he chooses
to speak, he receives
the most courteous
and appr e c i a t i v e
hearing, for he is rec
ognized as one of the
foremost members of
that augu s t b o d v.
He has been the per
sonal friend of every
President since his
first appearance as a
member of Congress,
while at home in his
own State he enjoys
the esteem of all who
know him, irrespective of party, for there is an honest
sincerity about the man, a magnetism to his personality
that is as captivating as it is rare. Massachusetts has
been well honored by the distinguished sons who have
represented her in the national halls of legislation, but
none have won more general respect than the present
senior senator from the Bay State. In 1869 Williams
College conferred upon Senator Dawes the degree of
doctor of laws.

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

45

Jf

y^fefc-ito^

UNITED STATES Senator George Frisbie Hoar
was born in Concord, Mass., Aug. 29, 1826.
His father, Hon. Samuel Hoar, was a contemporary at
the bar of Mason, Webster, and Choate, and shared with
them the honors of the first rank among the lawyers of
Massachusetts. Mr. Hoar's mother was the youngest
daughter of Roger Sherman, of Connecticut. Senator
Hoar received his early education in Concord, and was
graduated at Harvard in the class of 1846. He then
entered .upon the
study of law at the
Harvard Law School,
and subsequently in
the office of the late
Judge Thomas, in
Worcester. Ad
mitted to the Wor
cester bar in 1849
he associated him
self in practice first
with the late Hon.
Emery Washb urn,
and then with the
late Hon. Charles
Devens and the late
J. Henry Hill. Mr.
Hoar's native capac
ity, disciplined by
education and sup
plemented by great
industry, gave him a
high rank in his pro
fession, and when he
entered Cong r e s s,
after twenty years of
labor at the bar, his
practice was the
largest in the State
west of Middlesex
County. In 185 1,
at the age of twenty- five, Mr. Hoar was elected a rep
resentative to the Legislature, and though the youngest
member of the body, became at once a leader. He
was elected State Senator in 1857, and as chairman of
the Judiciary Committee drew a masterly report defin
ing the boundaries of executive and legislative authority.
Mr. Hoar was first elected to Congress in 1868, having
declined at an earlier time to accept an election. He
became known at once as a formidable opponent in

GEORGE F. HOAR

debate, but acquired a reputation for fairness toward
his opponents which has ever since been a trait of
his public career. His most distinguished service in
Congress was as a member of the Electoral Commis
sion. Mr. Hoar was re-elected in 1870, 1872, and 1874,
but declined again to be a candidate. In 1876 he
was elected United States senator, to succeed Hon.
George S. Boutwell, and has since been twice re-elected.
His third election was by the unanimous vote of his
party in the Legisla
ture without a cau
cus. In the Senate
Mr. Hoar was for
many years chairman
of the Committee
on Privileges and
Electi o n s, and a
member of the Com
mittees on Claims
and the Judiciary.
He is now chairman
'" -^ of the last-named
j committee. He is
the author or leading
advocate of numer
ous important meas
ures, among others
of the Lowell Bank
ruptcy Bill, the Pres
idential Succession
Bill, and the bill for
counting the elec
toral votes for pres
ident and vice-pres
ident. Mr. Hoar has
presided over four
Republic an State
Conventions, and in
1880 was president of
the National Repub
lican Convention. He has been a member of the Board
of Overseers of Harvard, president of the American
Antiquarian Society, is a trustee of the Worcester Poly
technic Institute, of Clark University, and was a regent
of the Smithsonian Institution. He received the degree
of LL. D. from William and Mary College, Amherst,
Yale, and Harvard. Mr. Hoar married, in 1853, Mary
Louisa Spurr, of Worcester. She died a few years later.
In 1862 Mr. Hoar married Ruth Ann Miller, of Worcester.

46

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

CHARLES STURTEVANT RANDALL, the pres
ent representative in Congress of the district in
which New Bedford is situated, was born there Feb. 20,
1824. He comes of a staunch old Puritan family, being
descended on his father's side from Tristram Coffin,
who landed in Nantucket in 1640, and on his mother's
side from Samuel Sturtevant, a surveyor, who was in
Plymouth as early as 1637, and Richard Bourne, one of
the incorporators of Sandwich in 1637. He now owns
the farm in Plymouth
County (Rochester),
settled in 1699 by
Charles Sturtevant.
His grandfather, also
named Charles Stur
tevant, was, in the
Battle of Lexington,
corporal of a com
pany of militia from
Rochest e r. After
leaving school, Mr.
Randall prepared for
Harvard College un
der private tuition,
but, instead of ma
triculating, went to a
school in France, and
on his return entered
business. Soon
afterward he became
a clerk in the Mer
chants National
Bank, of which his
uncle, James B.
Congdon, was cash
ier. The California
gold fever of 1847
carried him from be
hind his desk there
to the mines, where
he participated]in"all the/ough and exciting experiences
of such a life. Returning to New Bedford, after fair
success, he married, in 185 1, Sarah Spooner, daughter
of the late Jireh and Nancy (Nye) Perry. Until i860
he did a large shipping and commission business ; then
organized the New Bedford Copper Company, of which
he was treasurer till he resigned in 1867 ; then again
engaged in the whaling business and in the management
of the McKay Manufacturing Company. In 1872 he

CHARLES S, RANDALL

retired from active business, and with his family spent
the next two years in European travel. In 1882 Mr.
Randall's political career commenced with his election
to the State Senate, where he served with credit for two
years. At the State House he was a member of the
committees on mercantile affairs and engrossed bills,
and chairman of the former committee in his second
year. For three years after this he was a member of
the Republican State Central Committee. In 1888 he
was elected to the
Fifty-first Congress,
and was re-elected in
1890 and 1892. As
Congre s s m a n, Mr.
Randa 11 enjoys a
large measure of pop
ularity both in Wash
ington and at home.
At the Capitol his
tact and genia 1 i t y
have won for him a
position of great in
fluence in promoting
the interests of his
constituents, and in
his district he is
always on the look
out for an opportu
nity to be of service.
He is not one of the
orators of the House
of Representatives,
but few of its mem
bers are ahead of him
in zealous and perse
vering effort for their
constituents. Mr.
Randall still has his
home in his native
city, where he has
many ties other than those which come from his polit
ical office, and where he spends most of his time when
Congress is not in session. He has two daughters,
Harriet (Mrs. Walter Clifford, New Bedford) and Sarah
(Mrs. John W. Griswold, Troy, N. Y.). Although Mr.
Randall has not recently been engaged in the pursuits
of active business, he is a director and stockholder in
various companies, where his experience in mercan
tile legislation renders his presence of great value.

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

47

THERE is scarcely a more interesting figure in con
temporary public life than that of Elijah A.
Morse. He combines in his unique personality the
qualities that provoke attention, that command respect,
that exert a wide influence, and that overcome opposi
tion, of whatever nature. For more than fifteen years
he has been a sort of storm centre in Massachusetts
politics, and whatever he has said or done has awakened
interest in men of all parties. Whether in the State
Legislature or in the
National Congress,
he has never hidden
his light under a
bushel. On every
subject of popular
interest he has held
decided opin ions,
and their expression
has alwa y s been
clear and forceful.
The architect of his
own fortune, — and
a most respectable
one it is, — Mr.
Morse has risen by
dint of persevering
toil from poverty to
affluence. Sa m u e 1
Smiles has not given
a more striking ex
ample of self-help.
Mr. Morse is de
scended from one of
the oldest New Eng
land families, the
founder of whi c h
settled at Dedham
in 1637. In the
next centu r y the
family went West,
and at South Bend, Ind., in 1841, Mr. Morse was born,
the son of a clergyman, who, eleven years later, re
turned to Massachusetts. In the public schools of
Sherborn, Holliston, at the Boylston School in Boston,
and at Onondaga Academy in New York State, young
Elijah was educated. Neither as boy nor as youth was
he ever an idler. Alone in a little building at Sharon,
Mass., he began, during his school vacations, to experi
ment and manufacture the stove polish which has since

ELIJAH A. MORSE.

made his fortune. In his nineteenth year he enlisted
as private in the Fourth Massachusetts Infantry, was
three months with General Butler, in Virginia, and with
General Banks nine months in Louisiana. Returning
from the war, he went into business with his brother
and established at Canton what has grown to be a large
industry, being now the sole proprietor. He was
elected to the lower House of the Massachusetts Legis
lature in 1876, and later served two terms in the State
Senate, followed by
two years in the Ex-
  ecutive Council. As
senator, Mr. Morse
secured radical
amendments to the
laws for the protec
tion of children and
for the punishment
of crimes agai list
chastity. He was
also the champion
of all wise labor leg
islation and an influ
ential friend of the
veterans. In 1888
he was elected to
Congress, an d i 11
1890, in the face of
formidable opposi
tion, was re-elected,
and again elected in
1892, as a member
of the Fifty - third
Congress. His rec
ord at Washington is
part of the country's
history. Mr. Morse
is not only a theoret
ical but a practical
philanthropist, and
has given large sums to various charities. During the
last ten years he has, in addition to his public duties
and the conducting of his large business, delivered
more than fifteen hundred addresses upon political,
educational, religious, and temperance subjects, which
have given him a wide introduction to the people of New
England as well as other States. He was married in
1868 to the daughter of Samuel Vining, of Holbrook.
The family consists of three sons.

48

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

ILLUSTRIOUS sons of illustrious fathers are not rare
in the history of Massachusetts, as the names of
Adams, Quincy, Prince, Everett, Holmes, Russell, Hoar,
and others in the contemporary life of the State amply
prove. A striking example of the influence of heredity
is furnished in the character of John Forrester Andrew,
the son of the " War Governor " of the Commonwealth.
John F. Andrew has, as his father had, that instinc
tive and controlling impulse which leads him to take
the right course, let
the consequences
be what they may.
He was born in
Hingham , Mass.,
Nov. 26, 1850.
After pursuing his
early studies in the
Boston public
schools, he entered
Harvard and gradu
ated in 1872. Three
years later he re
ceived the degree of
LL. B. from the
Harvard Law School,
was admitted to the
Suffolk bar the same
year, and has since
practised in Boston.
He served five terms
in the Legislature,
beginning in 1880,
and being one of
the youngest mem
bers of the House.
In 1884 and 1885
he was in the State
Sen ate. He was
offered the Demo
cratic nomination
for Congress in his district in 1884, but declined.
He was the Democratic candidate for governor in
1886, and came nearer an election than any other
defeated candidate for many years. He declined a
re-nomination in 1887, but was elected to Congress the
following year, and was a candidate in 1892. He has
been one of the most active and useful members of the
House of Representatives, his efforts in behalf of tariff re
form and against the free coinage of silver having gained

:y.->

JOHN F. ANDREW

for him a national reputation. Tariff reformers through
out New England have come to regard Mr. Andrew as
their special representative in the House, and his
speeches against the McKinley Bill and in favor of free
wool are among the most forcible that have been
delivered at Washington in recent years. The cause of
civil service reform has also found one of its ablest and
most energetic supporters in Mr. Andrew. The labor
ing men have shown their appreciation of him by the
big majorities they
have rolled up for
him when ever he
has been a candi
date. His bill to
exclude political
influence in the em
ployment of laborers
was substantially a
procl amation of
emancipa tion for
workingm en from
servility to political
bosses. Mr. Andrew
has als o been a
steady friend of the
veterans of^ the Civil
War. He has never
failed to re c e i v e
more vot e s than
other candidates on
the same ticket, and
to receive the votes
of me n who re
spected his ability
and courage, though
they were not of his
party. He is noted
for his activity in all
benevo 1 e nt w o r k,
holding the offices of
president of the Massachusetts Infant Asylum, president
of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children,
president of the Home for Aged Colored Women, and
trustee of the Asylum for Feeble-Minded Youth. He
is a member of the New England Historic Genealogical
Society. Mr. Andrew was married, in 1883, to Flarriet,
daughter of Nathaniel and Cornelia (Van Rensselaer)
Thayer. She died in 1891, leaving him two children.
He lives in Boston.

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

49

JOSEPH HENRY O'NEIL, one of the Democratic
Congressmen from Massachusetts, has the unique
experience of having been in public office almost con
tinuously since he reached the age of twenty-one years.
He was born in Fall River, Bristol County, Mass., on
March 23, 1853, being the son of Patrick Henry and
Mary (Harrington) O'Neil. His early education was
gained in the public schools of Boston, from which he
was graduated in 1866. He then worked as a printer's
apprentice, and later
learned the carpen
ter's trade with the : 
firm of Jones, Fitch
& Co., who did a
very large business. !
In 1870 he assisted
in the formation of
the St. James Young
Men's Catholic Total
Abstinence Soe i e t y
of Boston, and he
was its president for
many years. He was
also one of the found
ers of the Catholic
Total Abs t i n e n c e
Union of Massachu
setts, but he always
declined to hold
office in that body.
In 1874 he was
twenty-one years of
age, and in that year
he was elected a
member of the Bos
ton School Board
from Ward Seven.
He was also a mem
ber of the Demo
cratic City Commit
tee in that year. He has since been a member of the
same committee several times. In 1878, 1879, 1880,
1881, and 1882 he was elected a member of the lower
branch of the Massachusetts Legislature from Ward
Sixteen. In 1883 he declined to be a candidate, but
he was elected, and again in 1884. He served on the
Committee on Liquor Law in 1878, on the Committee
on Public Buildings in 1879, and on the Committee on
Street Railways in 1880, 1881, and 1882 ; on the special

JOSEPH H. O'NEIL.

committee appointed to revise the public statutes in
1881, and on the Committee on Rules and Orders
in 1882 ; on the committees on rules and on railroads in
1884. He was also made president of the Democratic
organization of the House in 1880. During his service
as a legislator, Mr. O'Neil became interested in the
Meigs system of elevated railroads. He has been
called the father of that system, and he is now presi
dent of the company. He was five years a member of
the Board of Direc
tors of Public Insti-
  i tutions of Boston, and
its president in 1885
and 1886. In 1887
and 1888 he was
clerk of the city of
Boston, and in the
latter year he was
unanimously nomi
nated for Congress
in the Democratic
Convention of the
fourth district, to suc
ceed General P. A.
Collins, and was
elected by the largest
majority ever cast for
a Democratic Con
gressional candidate
in this State. In
1890 he was re
elected, and again in
1892, serving on the
Committee on Ap
propriations in the
Fifty-sec ond Con
gress. As a legisla
tor, Mr. O'Neil is an
ardent and yet lib
eral Democrat, and
he has been a prominent figure in Democratic councils
for several years. He is fearless and independent, and
follows his convictions with little regard for political
bias. On July 1, 1884, Mr. O'Neil married, in the
Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Boston, Mary Anastasia,
daughter of John and Maria (Plunkett) Ingoldsby.
They have one child, Joseph H. O'Neil, Jr. Congress
man O'Neil resides in Boston, and the district he repre
sents has long been noted for its political activity.

5o

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

IF family traditions could be relied on to keep a man
within the lines of a certain political party, Sherman
Hoar would be to-day a Republican of Republicans, for
he is the son of Hon. E. R. Hoar (attorney-general of
the United States under President Grant) and the
nephew of Senator Hoar. He has inherited the family
resoluteness of will, untrammelled by slowly formed but
firmly welded political ties. In consequence of his
opinions on the tariff issue, he entered the Democratic-
party, and in 1890 was
elected to Congress.
He has many qual
ities which tended
to lead him into pub
lic life. Not only is
he possessed of strong
personal opinions
upon the great ques
tions of the day, but
he has an intense de
sire to see his opin
ions prevail. He has
the splendid virtues
of a strong character.
The representatives
of his family of the
preceding generation
were the determined
opponen t s of the
slave svs t e m, and
were ready to make
any sacrifice to bring
about its abolition.
The son and nephew
came into active life
when the old prob
lem had been solved,
but he found other
wrongs to be righted.
In an address which
he delivered before the American Unitarian Association
in 1890, on the corrupt practices which are so common
in public affairs, he showed a magnificent capacity for
dealing with complicated public questions. Mr. Hoar
was born in Concord, Mass., July 30, i860. His parents
were Ebenezer Rockwood and Caroline (Brooks) Hoar.
Receiving his early education in the public schools of
Concord, he fitted for college at Phillips Exeter Acad
emy. He entered Harvard in 1878, and was graduated

in 1882, being the orator of his class at graduation.
After studying law for two years at the Harvard Law
School, and another year in his father's office, he was
admitted to the Middlesex County bar in 1885. He
practised in Waltham about one year, and in 1887
was admitted to the Boston law firm of Storey, Thorn-
dike & Hoar, of which Moorfield Storey, Esq., is the
senior partner. In 1890 Mr. Hoar was nominated for
Congress by the Democrats of the fifth district, — a
district strongly Re
publican, — and, after
a most enlivening
campaign, he was
elected. He is a
most effective and
persuasive stump
speaker, his words
having that clear ring
of sentiment and sin
cerity which makes
the dullest ear atten
tive. In Congress,
where he served one
term, declining to be
a candidate for re-
nomination, he was
one of the ablest of
the younger mem
bers. Mr. Hoar has
been a member of
the Unitarian Club
of Boston, a director
in the American Uni
tarian Association,
and a member of the
board of trustees of
Phillips Exeter Acad-
e m v, being the
youngest man who
ever served in that
office. He was married in 1886 to Miss Caroline
Prescott Wood, of Concord, who died in 1891. He
has two children, a son and a daughter. Mr. Hoar is
now devoting himself to the practice of his profession
for which he is most thoroughly equipped both bv nature
and training. He is regarded as one of the most con
scientious of the younger generation of lawyers, and it
is also the belief of his friends that his political career
is onlv temporarily closed.

SHERMAN HOAR

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

51

HENRY CABOT LODGE, who has acquired na
tional fame as author and as statesman, was born
in Boston, May 12, 1850, the son of John Ellerton and
Anna Cabot Lodge. Graduating from Harvard Univer
sity in 1871 and from the Law School in 1874, he was
admitted to the bar in 1875. He had previously, when
but twenty-four years old, accepted the editorship of
the " North American Review," retaining this position
two years. From 1879 t0 1881, he was editor of the
" International Re
view." For his the
sis on " The Land
Law of the Anglo-
Saxons " he received
from Harvard, in
1875, the degree of
Ph. D. In 1880, he
delivere d, at the
Lowell Institute, a
course of lectures on
the " English Colo
nies of America,"
which were subse
quently published by
Harper Brothers.
Among Mr. Lodge's
other w e 1 1-k n o w n
productions are :
" Life and Letters of
George Cabot"
(Boston, 1877);
" Lives of Alexander
Hamilton, Daniel
Webster, and George
Washington," in the
American Statesman
Series ; " Studies in
History" (Boston,
1884) ; History of
Boston, in " Historic
Cities" (Longmans, London and New York, 1890);
"Speeches" (Boston, 1891) ; and "Historical and
Political Essays" (Boston, 1892). He has edited two
series of "Popular Tales" and one volume of selected
"Ballads and Lyrics" (Boston, 1881). He has also
edited the works of Alexander Hamilton (nine volumes,
New York, 1885). As a historian Mr. Lodge is remark
able for his impartiality. He has also been a frequent
contributor to periodical literatuie upon a great variety

HENRY CABOT LODGE

of subjects. In politics his career has been as brilliant
as in letters. His political experience began in 1879,
when he was elected to the Massachusetts House of
Representatives. He was re-elected the following year.
In 1880 he was a delegate to the National Republican
Convention, and was an energetic supporter of Garfield.
He was chosen as member of the Republican State
Committee in the same year, and was its chairman in
1883, during the famous campaign in which Butler was
defeated. Mr. Lodge
threw himself into
the work and ob
tained for the Repub
licans a victory over
the most adroit and
successful politician
in this country. He
was a delegate to the
National Republican
Convention of 1884,
and was one of the
leaders of that body.
Though not advocat
ing the nomination
of Mr. Blaine, he
worked strenuous 1 y
for the election of
the Republican can
didates. He was
nominated for Con
gress in 1884, but,
failing of election,
was re-nom i n a t e d
and elected in 1886,
and has since been
re-elected three
times in succession.
His work in Con
gress is familiar to
all. In his first ses
sion he became a power on the floor of the House, and
by his familiarity with the subjects under discussion, his
earnestness of purpose and irrefutable logic, he digni
fied and most worthily illustrated the title, at first
intended as a slur, — " the scholar in politics." He is,
perhaps, best known as the author of the Federal Elec
tions Bill. He was married, in 187 1, to Miss Anna
Cabot Davis, daughter of Rear Admiral Charles H,
Davis, and has two sons and one daughter.

52

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

WILLIAM COGSWELL, who represents the
Seventh Massachusetts District in Congress,
has performed conspicuous service in many fields of
activity, having won distinction in war and been prom
inent in the Republican politics of State and nation.
He was born in Bradford, Essex County, Aug. 23, 1838,
the son of George and Abigail (Parker) Cogswell.
Receiving his preliminary education in the schools of
Bradford, Atkinson Academy, N. H., Kimball Union
Academy, Meriden,
N. H., and Phillips
Academy, Andover,
he entered Dart
mouth College in
1855. He did not
finish his college
course, however, but
went to sea before
the mast and sailed
round the world. On
his return he took a
course in the Har
vard Law School,
graduating in i860.
He at once opened
a law office in Salem,
and in 1866 he
opened another office
in Boston, and has
remained in active
practice up to the
present time. His
military record from
April, 1 86 1, to July
25, 1865, is one un
broken series of
earned promotion.
He was first captain,
then lieutenant-
colonel and colonel
of the Second Regiment, Massachusetts Volunteers, and
finally brevet brigadier-general, United States Volunteers,
and by special order of the war department he was
assigned to the command of the T'hird Brigade, Third
Division, Twentieth Army Corps. He had two years of
service in the Army of the Potomac, and two more in
the Western Army under Generals Thomas and Sherman.
He was commandant of Atlanta while it was held by the
Union troops in the fall of 1864, and he participated in

WILLIAM COGSWELL

the famous march from Atlanta to the sea. He was
mayor of Salem in 1867, 1868, and 1869, and again
in 1S73 and 1874; member of the Massachusetts House
of Representatives in 1870, 1871, 1881, 1882, and 1883 i
and of the State Senate in 1885 and 1886; was depart
ment commander of Massachusetts, Grand Army of the
Republic, in 1870, and also on the national staff of the
Grand Army ; charter member and vice-commander of
the Military Order of the Loyal Legion Commandery
of Massachusetts;
and member of the
board of advisers of
the Children's Friend
and Seamen's Orphan
Society, Salem. In
1886, General Cogs
well was elected to
Congress, and served
on the Committee on
Rivers and Harbors.
He was re-elected in
1888, 1890 and 1892.
In the Fifty-second
Congress he was a
member of the Ap
propriations, District
of Columbi a, and
Columbian Exposi
tion committees. As
a delegate to the Na-
tional Republican
Convention in 1892,
he was one of the
most ardent and in
fluential of the sup
porters of President
Harrison's renomina-
tion. General Cogs
well has enjoyed the
confide nee of the
President, and has been considered in an especial sense
as the representative of the administration in Massachu
setts. He has been twice married. His first wife was
Emma Thorndike, daughter of Thorndike and Emma
( Silsby) Proctor, of Haverhill. Of this union were three
children: William, Emma Silsby, and Sarah Parker
Cogswell (deceased). Mrs. Cogswell died April 1, 1877.
Mr. Cogswell was married again in Salem, Dec. 12, 1881,
to Eva Maria, daughter of Horatio and Lydia Davis.

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

53

JW

,OSES TYLER STEVENS, who represents the
fifth Massachusetts district in Congress, is one
of the heaviest woollen manufacturers in the United
States. He is also the first Democrat who was ever
chosen to Congress from his district. He was born in
North Andover, Essex County, Oct. io, 1825, the son
of Nathaniel and Harriet (Hale) Stevens. He attended
the public schools and fitted for college in the Franklin
Academy, North Andover, and in Phillips Academy,
Andover, from which
latter institution he
was gradu a t e d in
1842. In the fall of
the same year he en
tered Dartmouth
College, but at the
end of the freshman
year he left his col
legiate course to en
gage in business with
his father, who had
been manufacturing
flannels since 181 3.
In 1850 he became
a partner in the
business, the fir m
bein g Nathaniel
Stevens & Son. For
twenty-six years the
firm continued, being
dissolved in 1876.
Mr. Steven s then
began the manufac
ture of ladies' dress
goods, and continued
in business alone
until 1886, when his
sons, Nathaniel and
Samuel D., were ad
mitted as partners.
The firm name was then changed to M. T. Stevens &
Sons, the house operating mills at North Andover,
Andover, and Haverhill, Mass., and Franklin, N. H.
Mr. Stevens was a member of the lower branch of the
Massachusetts Legislature, in 1861, and in 1868 was
elected to the State Senate. In 1890 he was nominated
for Congress by the Democrats of the old eighth dis
trict, and though the district was strongly Republican
and his antagonist was the brilliant Congressman Green-

.

MOSES T. STEVENS

halge, yet Mr. Stevens was elected. He served on the
Ways and Means Committee in the Fifty-second Con
gress, and introduced the bill to provide for the placing
of wool on the free list. He is the most prominent of
the American woollen manufacturers who are in favor
of free wool, and his influence has been powerful in
developing the sentiment for free raw materials in New
England. In 1892 Mr. Stevens was re-elected to Con
gress by an increased majority. He has numerous
important busine s s
interests, being a
director of the An
dover National Bank ;
a trustee of the An
dover Savings Bank ;
a director of the
Merrimac Mutual
Fire Insurance Com
pany, and president
^j&' $^ of the Stevens Linen
Work s, W e b s t e r,
Mass. Mr. Stevens
was married in North
Andover, May 5,
1853, to Charlotte
Emeline, daugh ter
of Isaac and Char
lotte (Adam) Os
good. Six children
are the issue of this
marriage : Mary O.,
Nathaniel, Samuel D.,
Virginia, Helen, and
Moses T. Stevens, Jr.
Mr. Stevens's home
is in his native town,
North Andover. In
charitable work of all
kinds he has always
taken an active in
terest, having established several years ago, on the
shores of Cochickewick Lake in North Andover, a free
summer resort for poor people. In religious belief, Mr.
Stevens is a Unitarian, being treasurer and one of the
chief supporters of the North Parish Church of North
Andover, — one of the oldest church organizations in
New England, — and a prominent member of the Uni
tarian Club, in the striking and ornate home of which
on Beacon Street he is often seen.

54

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

THERE is little doubt that the Bland Silver Bill
would have passed the House of Representatives
of the Fifty-second Congress had it not been for the
determined opposition of the minority of the coinage
committee, led by the representative from the ninth
Massachusetts district, George Fred Williams. He was
born in Dedham, Mass., July io, 1852, the son of George
W. and Henrietta (Rice) Williams. On his father's side
he is of German and French descent, while his mother
belonged to an old
New England family.
His early education
was obtained in pri
vate schools and at
the Dedha m High
School, where he
prepared for college.
He entered Dart
mouth in 1868, but
at the e n cl of his
freshman year he
went to Germany,
studying in Hamburg
for six months and
spending a year at
the universities of
Heidelberg and Ber
lin. He made up the
college studies of the
sophomore and
junior years, re-
e n t ered Dartmouth
and graduated with
his class in 1872.
The following winter
he taught school in
West Brewster, Mass.,
and in the spring and
summer of 1873 was
a reporter on the
staff of the Boston Globe. Having taken a course at
the Boston University Law School, he was admitted to
the bar in 1875. His practice has grown to be large and
remunerative. Pie edited " Massachusetts Citations,"
and volumes ten to seventeen of the " Annual United
States Digest" for Little, Brown & Co. Mr. Williams's
active political life began in 1882, and in the following
year he organized the Norfolk Republican Club, one of
the largest political clubs in the State. Joining the

Independent movement upon the nomination of Mr;
Blaine in 1884, he was one of the Committee on Resolu
tions at the Independent convention held at New York,
and was an active member of the Massachusetts Com
mittee of One Hundred, and chairman of its Executive
Committee. On account of his activity in that campaign,
Mr. Williams has often been called " the original mug
wump." In 1886, he was elected to the Massachusetts
House of Representatives as a Democrat, and was one
of the ablest mem
bers of that body.
After a spirited cam
paign, he was elected
to Congress, in 1890,
from the ninth dis-
t rict, succeeding a
Republican. His
valuable services on
the coinage com
mittee of the House
and his courageous
fight against the free
coinage of silver
brought him into
national prominence.
The Massachusetts
Reform Club, of
which he has been a
member for several
years, honored him
with a banquet in
April, 1892, in recog
nition of his congres
sional labors. He
has been secretary
of the Dartmouth
Alumni Association
of Boston and is
president of the
Dartmouth Club of
Boston. In 1886, he delivered the Fourth of July ora
tion in Boston by invitation of the city, and in 1889 he
delivered an address before the faculty and students of
Dartmouth College on the centenary anniversary of the
inauguration of Washington. Mr. Williams was renom-
nated for Congress, in 1892, but the State having been
redistricted, he found himself in an overwhelmingly
Republican district, and was defeated. He is unmar
ried, and lives in Dedham.

GEORGE FRED WILLIAMS

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

5 5

CONGRESSMAN JOSEPH HENRY WALKER
was born in Boston, Dec. 21, 1829, the son of
Joseph and Hannah Chapin Walker. The family moved
to Hopkinton in 1830, and in 1843 to Worcester. Mr.
Walker was educated in the public schools of Hopkin
ton and Worcester, but left the Worcester High School
at the age of sixteen. His father was then engaged in
the manufacture of boots and shoes, and Joseph worked
in the factory. In 185 1 he was admitted to the firm
and until 1887 con
tinued in the busi
ness, th o 11 g h not
associated with his
father after 1862.
In 1862 Mr. Walker
began manufacturing
on his own account,
and in 1864 took
his brother, G. M.
Walker, into partner
ship. Their specialty
was the " W a 1 k e r
boot," which had a
wide reputation.
The firm name, J. H.
and G. M. Walker,
was retained until
the dissolution in
1888, though G. M.
Walker retire d i n
1870. Mr. Walker
still retains his in
terest in the large
leather house of the
Walker, Oakley Com
pany, of Chicago.
While his education
did not extend be
yond th e public
schools, Mr. Walker
has always been a close student of books and of men ;
is a ready and eloquent speaker, and writes in a clear
and forcible style. He has spoken and written exten
sively on questions of trade, banking, and coinage, and
published, through Houghton, Mifflin & Co., a mono
graph on " Money, Trade, and Banking," which attained
a wide circulation. He served in the Common Council
of Worcester twice, being president of the board in
1869. In 1879 and 1880 he was a member of the Mas-

JOSEPH H. WALKER

sachusetts State Legislature. He served on the famous
Retrenchment Committee in 1879, was chairman of the
Public Service Committee in 1880, and in the same year
was a strong candidate for the speakership. He has
been president of the Worcester Board of Trade, chair
man of the Committee on Foreign Trade and Exports
of the National Hide and Leather Association, and
vice-president of the New England Shoe and Leather
Association. Mr. Walker was elected to the Fifty-first
Congress from the
tenth Massachusetts
district in 1888, and
was re-elected in
1890, and again in
1892, — the last time
from the third dis
trict, which contains
the old tenth dis
trict. In the Fifty-
first Congress he
made a reputation
for himself by his
attitude on the silver
question, and by a
firm advocacy of
sound business prin
ciples in financ i a 1
legislation. He is a
vigorous and logical
debater. Worcester
Academy owes much
of its present pres
tige to the generosity
of J. H. Walker.
He not only gave
liberally and induced
others to do so, but
he gave the insti
tution the benefit of
his own business
sagacity, and so aided to bring it to a prosperous con
dition. As president of its board of trustees he has
devoted much of his time to its welfare. Mr. Walker
married, in 1852, Sarah Ellen, daughter of Jubal Har
rington, of Worcester. She died in 1859, leaving one
daughter. In 1862 Mr. Walker married Hannah Kelley
Spear, of New Hampton, N. H. They have two sons,
Joseph and George, and one daughter, Agnes, wife of
Adam D. Claflin, of Newton

56

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

FREDERICK SPAULDING COOLIDGE, of Ash
burnham, who represents the eleventh district
in Congress, has played a most honorable and success
ful part in the political and in the business life of the
Commonwealth. He was born in Westminster, Mass.,
Dec. 7, 1 84 1. His parents were Charles and Nancy
Spaulding Coolidge, names prominent in the history of
Massachusetts for many generations. Like the majority
of men who have pushed their way to an honored place
in life, he was reared
in a little country
town, receiving his
education in the
common schools.
The liberal education
he so desired has
been gained through
his own untiring in
dustry. He possesses
an unusually active
mind and a remark
ably retentive mem
ory and a large share
of genuine New Eng
land common-sense.
He has a clear in
sight into the ques
tions of the clay, and
presents his views in
an able, businesslike
manner which carries
conviction. Like his
father, Mr. Coolidge
early engaged in the
manufacture of
chairs. He remained
in Westminster until
his factory was
burned in 1876. He .
is now manager of the
Boston Chair Company, whose works are at Ashburnham,
and of the Leominster Rattan WTorks. Mr. Coolidge
has always been a leader in public affairs, and has held
many offices in his native town and in the State. He
was selectman of Westminster for three years, and for
the same length of time was a member of the Demo
cratic State Central Committee. Mr. Coolidge, was
elected to the lower branch of the Massachusetts Legis
lature in 1875, and in 1888 was a candidate for presi-

FREDERICK S. COOLIDGE

dential elector on the Democratic ticket. In 1890 he
was elected to the Fifty-second Congress, over two
strong candidates, having the honor of being the first
Democrat to represent the old eleventh district, which
had always been overwhelmingly Republican. Mr. Cool
idge was fifty years old the day the Fifty-second Con
gress opened, being the youngest man from his district
for many years. In Congress he served on the Com
mittee on Pacific Railroads, and on the select Committee
on Irrigation of Arid
Lands in the United
States. His congres
sional career was
highly honorable and
won for him the re
spect and admiration
of his constituents,
without regard to
party. He received
a unanimous renomi
nation, but was de
feated. Mr. Cool
idge has always been
a Democrat, but re
spects the opinions
of all, and never
desires to force his
own upon others.
Mr. Coolidge was
married in 1864 to
Ellen D. Allen, of
Townshend, Yt. — a
woman full of good
works, and deeply
interested in all phil
anthropic questions
of the day. They
have had three chil
dren, of whom a son
and daughter are
now living. The son follows his father's business, and
shares also his interest in all public questions ; the daugh
ter has just been graduated from Smith College, in the
class of '92. Mr. Coolidge has an excellent knowledge
of parliamentary law, and has been many times modera
tor of the town meetings of his town. He is a director
of the Wachusett Mutual Fire Insurance Company, and
is connected with other commercial and financial inter
ests in Ashburnham and Leominster.

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

57

LAWYER and representative, John Crawford Crosby,
of the first congressional district, was born in
Sheffield, Mass., June 15, 1859; was educated in the
public schools of Pittsfield ; studied law and graduated
from the Boston University Law School ; was admitted
to the bar and engaged in the practice of law; in 1885
was elected a member of the School Committee of
Pittsfield, and served six consecutive years in that office ;
in 1885 was elected a member of the Massachusetts
House of Represen
tatives, and re
elected in 1886, serv
ing each year on the
Committee on Rules
and Railroads ; in
1887 was elected a
. member of the Mas
sachusetts Senate and
served on committees
on judiciary, probate
and insolvency,
and constitut i o n a 1
amendment; in
1888 was re-elected
and served on com
mittees on probate
and insolvency and
mercantile affairs,
being chairman of
both committees;
was elected to the
Fifty-seco n d Co n-
gre ss, receiving
12,106 votes. Con
gressman Crosby's
speeches on several
occasions receiv e d
high praise even
from the opposition
press ; his work on
two important committees, of which he was a member,
was wisely performed ; and on the floor of the House
he gained a reputation for faithful and valuable service.
Mr. Crosby's first speech was on the Military Appropri
ation Bill, against the refusal of the committee to appro
priate money for increasing the lighting facilities at
West Point. In his next speech, on the Wool and
Woollens Bill, he took ground in favor of tariff reform
and incidentally against the free coinage of silver. In

JOHN C. CROSBY

a speech on the Post-office Appropriation Bill, Mr.
Crosby opposed the attempt to reduce the amounts
paid for carrying mail over land grant railroads. He
also advocated an appropriation looking towards free
delivery in rural districts. He favored reasonable
appropriation for carrying on the postal service, and
opposed the River and Harbor Bill. Congressman
Crosby introduced more bills and petitions than any
other member from Massachusetts. He was present at
every roll-call. He
introduced the Port
Hudson Forlorn
Hope Medal Bill,
providing for govern
ment fulfilment of
the promise made by
General N. P. Banks ;
a bill providing for
compensat ing the
Springfield armorers
in the matter of back
pay, and a bill pro
viding for the con
solidation of third
and fourth class mail
matter. He intro
duced a bill for put
ting foreign postage
stamps on the free
list, and a bill pro
viding for the sale of
lands in Springfield
which had been left
to the government
by devise, which
could not be sold
except under special
Act of Congress.
He introduced sev
eral private pension
bills, in cases not covered by the general law. He also
introduced a bill providing for military telegraph lines,
to connect military posts by underground wires. He
was identified with the bills reclassifying and increasing
the salaries of letter-carriers and of railway mail clerks.
He favored an appropriation for experiments in free
delivery of mail in rural districts. Congressman Crosby
is a member of the committees on post-offices and post-
roads, and on military affairs.

5«

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

FOREMOST among the judges of the Common
wealth, not alone by reason of his high position,
but as well because of a long-recognized merit, stands
Walbridge Abner Field, chief justice of the Supreme
Judicial Court. Fortunate in the outward circumstances
of his birth and breeding, he is the product of a sterling
New England ancestry, his father's parents coming from
Rhode Island and his mother's from Connecticut. He
was born in Springfield, Windsor County, Vt, April 26,
1833. That little
western Switzerland
has bred eminent
statesmen, teachers,
lawyers, and mer
chants in singular
profusion. Reared
amid the invigorating
influences and stimu
lating charms of such
a locality, Mr. Field
had the advantages
of academic training
and collegiate educa
tion. At the age of
twenty- two he grad
uated with high
honors from Dart
mouth College, and
the next two years
remained as tutor in
that institution.
Then, after taking up
the study of law for a
time, he returned to
Dartmouth to teach
mathematics a year,
after which he came
to Boston to pursue
his legal studies at
the Harvard Law
School and in the office of Harvey Jewell. Admitted to
the bar in i860, he began practice immediately in Mr.
Jewell's office. Here he remained until 1865. Then he
was successively assistant United States district attorney
for Massachusetts four years, under Richard H. Dana
and George S. Hillard, and assistant attorney-general
of the United States, under E. Rockwood Hoar, for
about one year. Tiring of public station, he resigned in
August, 1870, returned to Boston and formed a law

partnership with Mr. Jewell and William Gaston, under
the name of Jewell, Gaston & Field. After Mr. Gaston
became governor of Massachusetts, Edward O. Shepard
was taken into the partnership, and the firm name be
came Jewell, Field & Shepard, and so remained until
Governor Long appointed Mr. Field associate justice of
the Supreme Judicial Court, in February, 1881. In 1890,
upon the resignation of Chief Justice Morton, Governor
Brackett appointed Judge Field to the chief justiceship.
The choice gave uni
versal satisfaction to
both bench and bar.
Chief Justice Field
was a member of the
Boston School Board
~"* W in 1863 and 1864,
and of the Boston
Common Council
from 1865 until 1867.
In 1876, he was de
clared elected to Con
gress from the Third
Massachusetts D i s-
trict, but the election
was contested, and
after about one year's
sendee he was un
seated. In 1878 he
was again a candidate
from the same dis
trict, was elected and
served his term with
out contest. In 1869
he was married to
Eliza E. McLoon,
who died in March,
1 87 7, and by whom
he had two daugh
ters. I n October,
1882, he married
Frances E., daughter of Hon. Nathan A. Farwell, of
Rockland, Me. Chief Justice Field was one of the
judges who tried the famous Robinson poisoning case
in Middlesex County. He has written many important
decisions which have established for him an enviable
reputation among the judges of the country. His chief
characteristics as a judge are profound learning, keen
perception, an unbending integrity, and an unusual
degree of fairness.

WALBRIDGE A. FIELD.

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

59

WITHOUT the advantages of a collegiate train
ing, by industry, manly endeavor and faithful
stewardship in offices of trust and influence, Chief
Justice Albert Mason of the Massachusetts Superior
Court, has reached a high position in the profession of
his choice. Just in the prime of life, with all its
gathered and matured forces under complete control,
wanting neither the vigor nor the judgment of age, he
has come to the foremost rank. The son of Albert T.
and Arlina (Orcutt)
Mason, he was born
in Middleboro, Mass.,
Nov. 7, 1836. He
received such ed
ucation as could be
obtained in the com
mon schools of that
day, and in Pierce
Academy in Middle
boro. Upon the com
pletion of his school
ing, he studied law
in the office of Ed
ward L. S h er m a n,
at Plymou t h, and
was admitted to the
bar in i860, begin
ning practice in that
to w n. His legal
practice was inter
rupted in 1862, ; he
entered the Thirty-
eighth Massachusetts
Regiment as second
lieutenant, was pro
moted to the rank of
first lieutenant, and
subsequently com
missioned captain
and assistant quarter
master. Returning to Plymouth at the expiration of his
term of service, in 1865, he resumed the practice of his
profession. He served as chairman of the Plymouth
Board of Selectmen from 1866 to 1874, and was a mem
ber of the Massachusetts House of Representatives in
1873 and 1874, easily taking rank as an influential and
most useful member, and serving on some of the more
important committees. In 1874 he opened a law office
in Boston with Charles H. Drew, and later in the same

ALBERT MASON

year formed a partnership with Arthur Lord. Subse
quently Benjamin R. Curtis, late judge of the Municipal
Court in Boston, was admitted to the firm, which had
offices both in Plymouth and in Boston. In July, 1874,
Mr. Mason removed his residence to Brookline, where
he still lives. In December, 1874, he was appointed on
the State Board of Harbor Commissioners, and he con
tinued on the succeeding boards, with various changes
of title, till his selection by Governor Long, in February,
1862, as an associate
justice of the Supe
rior Court. From
that time until his
promotion to the
chief justiceship by
Governor Brackett,
in September, 1890,
he filled a place on
the bench with ever
increasing influence
and fame, which
have been augmented
by the manner in
which he has per
formed the duties of
his higher office. An
earnest lover of work,
he spares no pains
to be thorough in
the investigation of
any question s u b-
mitted to him. Con-
servati v e without
being narrow ; inde
pendent without ar
rogance ; with quali
ties of high judicial
merit ; calm in tem
perament ; quiet in
manner ; pleasant in
speech, he possesses a large measure of .force and deter
mination. In his rulings, fair but decisive ; in his
instruction to the jury, clear and apt, but never volu
minous, he is capable of a long and honorable career.
He is admired and respected by the members of the
bar, to whom his appointment was a source of great sat
isfaction. Chief Justice Mason was married in Plymouth
in 1857, to Lydia F., daughter of Nathan Whiting. By
this union there are six children.

6o

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

HORACE GRAY, associate justice of the United
States Supreme Court, has been a striking figure
in the judiciary of Massachusetts for nearly thirty years.
He was born in Boston, March 24, 1828, his father being
William Gray, a man prominent in Massachusetts. After
studying with competent teachers in private schools, Mr.
Gray entered Harvard, and graduated in 1845. At that
time there was little to indicate that he would attain
the prominence he now enjoys as a lawyer and a judge,
for he was most
deeply interested in
the study of natural
history. When he
graduated from Har
vard he was only six
teen years of age, but
a splendid specimen
of manhood. He
then spent some time
travelling in Europe,
during which he
visited Norway,
where he created
comment among the
rustics, who took him
for a representative
of American people,
and received the idea
that the people of
this country were all
of like stature and
physical develop-
ment. On his return
he entered the Dane
Law School, and
graduated with the
degree of LL. B. He
then studied in the
law offices of William
Sohier and John
Lovell, and showed marked ability in his grasp of the
law. After being admitted to the bar in 1851, he began
practice in Boston, and six years later entered into part
nership with Hon. E. Rockwood Hoar. In 1854, Mr.
Gray was appointed reporter of the Massachusetts Judi
cial Supreme Court, which position he held until 1881.
Gray's Official Reports are in every law office. The
partnership of Gray and Hoar was dissolved in i860.
Mr. Gray was appointed by Governor Andrew a justice

HORACE GRAY.

of the Supreme Court in 1864. His knowledge of the
law, clear discernment, and great ability, made him a
prominent figure among his associates; and when, on
the death of Chief Justice Chapman, in 1873, he was
appointed to the latter's position by Governor Washburn,
the election was received in all quarters with favor. Mr.
Gray's advancement in his chosen profession has been
steady ; honors have come in regular succession, and in
every position he has displayed great ability. When he
was appointed to his
present position in
Dec. 20, 1 88 1, Mr.
Gray was fifty-two
years of age and un
married. On June 4,
1889, he renounced
bachelor life, and was
married to Jeanette,
daughter of the late
Stanley Mathews,
who had been one of
Mr. Gray's fellow-
associates. The wed
ding took place in
Washington. As a
writer of decisions,
Mr. Gray stands pre
eminent among his
associates on the
same bench, espe
cially as to matters
of constitutional law,
where general his
torical information is
important, and in
those which concern
chartered rights.
One of the most
famous cases in which
Mr. Gray showed
wonderful ability was that in which Boston and Lowell
were concerned during the war period. In his early
manhood, Mr. Gray attended, as a delegate, the first
State convention of the Free-soil party in 1848, and was
actively associated with Charles Sumner, Charles Francis
Adams, Henry Wilson, and other prominent men in that
movement. Justice Gray has by his dignity, wide ex
perience, integrity, and learning, gained a high place on
the roll of American jurists.

WOMEN OF MASSACHUSETTS.

WOMEN OF MASSACHUSETTS.

AS the gates of prejudice have been gradually
unbarred to the admission of women, they have
thronged into nearly every avenue of modern business
and professional activity, and the much-derided dream
of " woman's rights " is becoming a reality. In Massa
chusetts, at least, they are using their rights with singular
success. Among the women through whose efforts this
peaceful revolution has been effected are Mrs. Julia
Ward Howe and Mrs. Mary A. Livermore.
The first named, who, apart from her other labors, has
achieved a personal immortality in American letters by
her "Battle Hymn of the Republic" and many of her
lyrics, has been identified with the cause of woman suf
frage since 1868. As a member of women's congresses,
as lecturer, and as contributor to the best periodical
literature, she has been for nearly twenty-five years a
leader in the woman's movement. Though over three
score and ten (she was born in 1819), her pen and voice
are still engaged in the work.
Mrs. Mary A. Livermore is another pioneer in the
same reform. Hers has been a long and useful life.
Born and bred in Boston, she has given nearly fifty years
to public work. She became prominent during the
Civil War in connection with sanitary work and hospital
administration. She is one of the mainstays of the
woman suffrage movement, and for many years was
president of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union
of Massachusetts. Her best known book is " My Recol
lections of the War."
Closely allied with philanthropic work is the medical
profession, and many women physicians and surgeons in
Boston have demonstrated their fitness for a calling
which, until a few decades ago, was closed to them. Dr.
Susan E. Crocker is one of these women. She graduated
from the Woman's Medical College of the New York
Infirmary, in 1874, and was subsequently one of the
founders of the Lawrence (Mass.) General Hospital, its
first physician, and the medical and surgical supervisor
of all its departments. Since 1888 she has lived in
Boston. She is a member of the Massachusetts Medical
Society, the New England Medical Society, and the
American Medical Association.
Women are not numerous in the legal profession, but
there are a few who have overcome the obstacles and
established a successful practice. Miss Alice Parker, a

native of Lowell, Mass., was admitted to the bar in
California, practised there a year, and returned to Massa
chusetts in 1890. She has a general practice in Boston,
doing a large amount of probate work. She is a frequent
contributor to the newspapers and magazines, and lec
tures on laws concerning women.
Miss A. M. Lougee is one of the many conspicuous
examples in Massachusetts of successful business women.
She has been in commercial life since 1868, and has
organized a large business for the manufacture and sale
of rubber clothing, being at present treasurer and man
ager of the Clifton Manufacturing Company. This
company gives employment to about two hundred and
fifty persons, and has ten salesmen in its employ.
The president of the New England Woman's Press
Association is Mrs. Estelle M. H. Merrill, who exchanged
teaching for journalism and won a wide reputation by
her articles in the Boston Globe over the nom de plume
of "Jean Kincaid." She has been president of the
Wheaton Alumna? Association, and is an active worker
in many charitable and other organizations.
Of the living women singers of Massachusetts, Lillian
Nordica is perhaps the most famous. Her debut on the
concert stage was made in Boston in 1880, and on the
operatic stage in New York, as Marguerite in "Faust,"
three years later. Since 1884, her name has been as
familiar in Europe as in America. In private life she is
Mrs. Lillian Norton Gower, her husband having been an
aeronaut who lost his life in 1S86. Since then she has
lived abroad nearly all the time.
Mary Shaw (Mrs. De Brissac) began her histrionic
career at the Boston Museum, and has risen in the
dramatic profession solely by the force of her own will
and ability. She has supported Fanny Davenport, Mod-
jeska, Julia Marlowe, and Helen Barry in leading roles,
and the influence of her strong, pure character and her
brilliant talents has been widely felt.
The Durgin sisters — Miss Harriet Thayer and Miss
Lyle — have done much valuable work in art. They
studied in Paris from 1879 till 1886, and for the last six
years have lived in Boston. They have both exhibited
at the Paris Salon. Miss Lyle Durgin's specialty is por
trait work, in which department of art she has won
deserved recognition, while her sister has taken high
rank as a water- color painter.

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

^

THE largest church or hall, no matter where it is, is
always crowded when Phillips Brooks preaches.
On business and on professional men, on student and on
laborer, on skeptic and on believer, his hold is equally
strong. He once wrote to the secretary of his class at
Harvard : " I have no history, no wife, no children, no
particular honors, ho serious misfortunes, and no adven
tures worth speaking of." Very particular honors, how
ever, have been showered upon him since those words
were written, and this
is a brief outline of
his career : He was
born in Boston, Dec.
r3> l835> the son of
William Gray and
Mary Ann (Phillips)
Brooks. On both
the paternal and the
maternal side he is
descended from
Puritan clergyme n ,
on his father's side
from Rev. John Cot
ton, and on his moth
er's side from the
Phillips family which
founded the two
fam ous Phillips
academies. His
father was for forty
years a hardware
merchant in Boston,
and Bishop Brooks
is one of four broth
ers ordained to the
Episcopal ministry.
He was educated at
the Boston Latin
School and at Har
vard College, which
he entered at the age of sixteen. After graduation, in
1855, he taught a year, and then entered the Protestant
Episcopal Theological Seminary at Alexandria, Va.,
being ordained in 1859. Becoming rector of the
Church of the Advent in Philadelphia, and three years
later going to the Church of the Holy Trinity in the
same city, he remained there until 1869, when he was
called to Trinity Church, Boston. For twenty- two years
he was rector of Trinity, and in 1891 was elected bishop

PHILLIPS BROOKS

of the diocese of Massachusetts. He had declined
many calls while at Trinity — in 1881 to the Plummer
professorship in Harvard College, and later the office of
assistant bishop of Pennsylvania. In 1880, in 1882-83,
and again in 1892, he was in England, where his popu
larity is as great as in America. He has also extended
his travels to India, China, and Japan. Of Bishop
Brooks's characteristics as a preacher, the first quality
that strikes a hearer is his copiousness. He is like a
colossal reservoir
that seems full almost
to bursting. The
parting of his lips is
like the breaking
open of a safety
valve by the seething
thoughts and words
behind, and out they
rush, so hot in their
chase the one of the
other, that at times
they appear to be
almost side by side.
From the abrupt be
ginning to the abrupt
end he simply pours
out his words. Great
torrents and waves of
appeal and aspiration
and eloquence rise
and fall, and whirl
and eddy, through
out the church, till
they seem to become
almost visible and
tangible and to beat
upon the eyes and
foreheads of his hear
ers, as they do against
their hearts. He
wrote his first sermon at the theological school, on " The
simplicity that is in Christ," of which he himself says
that a classmate criticised it by saying " there was very
much simplicity in it, and no Christ." But Bishop
Brooks's sermons are full of humanity, broad, tender, and
helpful. He has been said by an eminent theologian to
occupy a middle ground between Unitarianism and
Orthodoxy, and that he thus reaches the ears of both
as no other living preacher does.

X

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

JW

OST REV. JOHN J. WILLIAMS, fourth bishop
and first archbishop of Boston, was born in that
city April 27, 1822. His early education was received
in the public schools of Boston, and his classical and
ecclesiastical studies were made at Montreal and at
St. Sulpice, Paris. He was ordained priest by Bishop
Fenwick, in 1843, and immediately entered upon the
work of assisting in the care of the spiritual needs of
the Catholics of the city and diocese, being stationed at
first at the Cathedral,
which was then, and
up to i860, on Frank
lin Street. In 1852
Father Williams took
charge of the chapel
on Beach Street,
where were first gath
ered together, two
years before, the
Catholic residents
of that quarter of
the city. During
the three years he
ministered to this
congregation it in
creased so in num
bers as to outgrow
the capacity of the
chapel and to de
mand a commodious
church, its wants in
this direction being
met by the erection
of the first church
of St. James, on the
corner of Albany and
Harvard streets, Bos
ton, the site of which
is now occupied by
the Boston and
Albany Railroad. (Jn Jan. 20, 1855, he became rector
of the Cathedral and filled this important office until
1857, when he was assigned to the Church of St. James,
the charge to the early growth and development of
which he had contributed so much. He was vicar-
general during the last years of the life of Bishop Eitz-
patrick, was administrator of the diocese during the
latter's extended visit to Europe in search of health,
and, Jan. 19, 1866, was appointed coadjutor with right

JOHN JOSEPH WILLIAMS.

of succession, being named Bishop of Tripoli in partibus
infidelium. Bishop Fitzpatrick died Feb. 13, 1866, and
his successor was consecrated bishop of Boston, March
n, 1866. In 1875 Boston was elevated to the dignity
of a metropolitan see, and on May 2, of that year, Bishop
Williams received the pallium of an archbishop, the
ceremony of conferring the same being performed by
the late Cardinal McCloskey. The work of the church
in Boston has fruitified abundantly under the adminis
tration of Archbishop
Williams ; the Cath
olic population has
grown and new
churches have arisen
to accommodate the
growth. The very
year that witnessed
the elevation of Bos
ton into an arch
bishopric also wit
nessed the dedica
tion of the new
Cathedral which was
solemnly devoted to
Catholic worship
Dec. 8, 1875. This
marked the practical
completion of one of
the crowning labors
of the archbishop's
life, and the impos
ing edifice will always
be a monument to
his zeal, and an
honor to his people
and to the city. He
has introduced into
his archdiocese the
Sisters of the Good
Shepherd and Little
Sisters of the Poor, and the Redemptorist and Oblate
Fathers, while he has greatly acLanced the interests of
the benevolent institutions under his care. Next to
the building of the Cathedral, as an evidence of what
he has accomplished, stands St. John's Diocesan Semi
nary at Brighton, conducted by the Sulpician Fathers
for the preparation of candidates for the priesthood, and
which will always honor the memory of its distinguished
founder and Boston's present zealous archbishop.

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

65

TWENTY-THREE years of reform and new con
struction in Harvard University have been fruitful
in educational improvements for the whole country. To
Charles William Eliot, its present president, is due a
part of the credit for the best two decades of the uni
versity. President Eliot, the son of Samuel Atkins
Eliot, a former mayor of Boston and a former treasurer
of Harvard University, was born in Boston, March 20,
1834, was fitted for college at the Public Latin School,
and was graduated at
Harvard in 1853. He
was a pupil of Profes
sor Benjamin Peirce
in mathematics, and
of Professor Josiah P.
Cooke in chemistry.
In 1854 he was ap
pointed tutor in
mathematics in Har
vard College, and in
1858 assistant pro
fessor of mathe
matics and chemis
try. In 186 1 he was
placed in charge of
the chemical depart
ment of the L a w-
rence Scientific
School. His appoint
ment expiring by
limitation in 1863,
he spent the years
1863-65 in Europe in
the study of advanced
chemistry and in the
examination of sys-
tems of public in
struction in France,
Germany, and Eng
land, and on his re
turn was appointed professor of analytical chemistry in
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, then first
organized as a technical school. At commencement,
1868, he was chosen by the alumni of Harvard College
a member of the Board of Overseers. In 1868 Rev. Dr.
Thomas Hill resigned the presidency of Harvard Uni
versity, and in 1869 Mr. Eliot was chosen to the office
against a vigorous opposition in the Board of Overseers.
The most notable change in Harvard College since his

CHARLES W. ELIOT

advent is that the elective system has completely sup
planted the old-time curriculum. In the professional
departments of the university the standards of admis
sion and graduation have been much advanced. The
Graduate School in Arts and Sciences has been created.
In 1869 there were in all departments one thousand and
fifty students; in 1892, two thousand, nine hundred and
sixty-eight, beside about five hundred in the summer
courses. The number of professors and other instruc
tors has proportion
ately increased. In
1868-69 ^e gross
income proper (apart
from gifts and be-,.
quests) was $325,-
846.21 ; in 1890-91
it was $966,026.50.
President Eliot re
ceived the degree of
LL. D. from Williams
and Princeton in
1869, and from Yale
in 1870. He is a
Fellow of the Ameri
can Philosop h i c a 1
Society, the Ameri
can Academy of
Arts and Sciences,
and the Massachu
setts Historical
Society. Many o c-
casional addres ses
have been given by
him, notably those
at the first com
mencement of Smith
College, at the inaug
uration of Daniel C.
Gilman as president
of Johns Hopkins
University, at the opening of the American Museum of
Natural History of New York, and before the Phi Beta
Kappa Society in Cambridge in 1888. His brief remarks
at the Museum were described by Professor Youmans as
" having summed up in a few lines the greatest charac
teristics of modern sciences." President Eliot is a
frequent speaker at educational gatherings and before
literary clubs, and is always a welcome guest at univer
sity dinners. His published works are widely read,

66

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

WILLIAMS COLLEGE, one of the leading edu
cational institutions of the State and country
and the alma mater of men prominent in the history of
the nation, is located at Wifliamstown, the most north
western town in the State. The college was founded by
Colonel Ephraim Williams, who fell in battle at Lake
George in 1755, and was chartered in 1793. The in
stitution has grown very rapidly during the adminis
tration of President Carter, and last year had 354
students enrolled
against 227 in 1881,
while the whole num- 
ber of graduates is
nearly 3,500. The
invested funds of
the college now
amount to §835,954,
and the annual in
come is $81,128.
The total financial
gain since President
Carter assumed con
trol is Si,ooo,ooo, of
which nearly §500,-
000 is in buildings
and land. Franklin
Carter, the son of
Preserve Wood and
Ruth Wells (Holmes)
Carter, was born at
Waterbury, Ct., Sept.
30, 1837. He was
married to Sarah
Leavenworth, daugh
ter of Charles Den-
ison Kingsbury, Feb.
24, 1863, and four
children have been
born to them. A
boarding school fur
nished the beginning of President Carter's education,
followed later by a course of study at Phillips Academy,
Andover, whence he graduated as valedictorian of his
class. He entered Yale the same year, 1855, but after
remaining two years was compelled to leave on account
of ill health. He travelled for three years and entered
Williams College in i860, graduating two years later.
He was appointed professor of Latin and French in
1863, but travelled in Europe for eighteen months

before entering upon his duties. In 1872 he was
chosen to the chair of German literature at Yale, and
occupied the position for nine years, or until he was
elected president of Williams College, in 1881. In 1883
President Carter also assumed the duties of a professor
ship in theology. Several colleges have honored him
by granting him degrees. He received the degree of A. B.
from Williams, 1862 ; A. M. from Dickinson, 1863, Wil
liams, 1865, Yale, 1874; Ph. D. from Williams, 1877,
and LL. D. from
Union, 1881. Presi
dent Carter has also
done considerable
work, other than that
connected with the
colleges, with which
he has been asso
ciated. He was
president of the Gos
pel Union at New
Haven for three
years, and chairman
of the International
Committee of Work
for Bovs ; is a trustee
of Andover Theolog
ical Seminary and of
Clarke Institution
for Deaf Mutes at
Northampton, and
Fellow of the Amer
ican Academy. He
was also president of
the Modern Lan
guage Association of
America from 1884
to 1S86. Dr. Carter
has also found time
to add not a little to
the world of litera
ture, although almost all of it has been done for the maga
zines. Among his articles are "The New Translations of
Laocoon," "Mr. Lettsom's Version of the Middle Ger
man Epic," "Recent Faust Literature," "Science and
Poetry," "Bayard Taylor, Posthumous Books," "The Col
lege as Distinguished from the University," " Iphigenie
auf Tauris," "A Biography of Mark Hopkins," "Sketch
of the Character of Dr. E. S. Bell," "Two German
Scholars on one of Goethe's Masquerades."

FRANKLIN CARTER

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

X

AMHERST COLLEGE, which ranks next to Yale
and Harvard among the colleges of New England,
was established in 1821 and chartered four years later.
It has sixteen buildings, besides the ten fraternity
houses for students' use ; a library of sixty thousand
volumes, fine laboratories and collections, and a gymna
sium with an athletic field ; three hundred and ninety
students and thirty professors. Among its prominent
graduates in the ministry have been Henry Ward
B e e c h e r , Richard
Salter Storrs, Ros-
well D. Hitchcock,
and Charles H. Park
hurst. Merrill Ed
ward Gates, Ph. D.,
LL. D., L. H. D.,
the sixth president
of Amherst College,
was born at Warsaw,
N. Y., April 6, 1848.
His father was Hon.
Seth M. Gates, a
noted anti-slavery
member of Congress
from 1837 to 1 84 1 ;
while his mother was
a descendant of Rev.
Jonathan Edwa r d s,
the celebrated New
England divine.
President Gates was
married to Mary C.
Bishop, daughter of
Hon. William S.
Bishop, of Roches
ter, N. Y., in 1873.
They have three
children. President
Gates was graduated
from the University
of Rochester in 1870, winning highest honors in mathe
matics, Latin and Greek, and the senior English essay,
with honorable mention in French and German. His
standing was the highest which had ever been attained
at the university. On graduation he became principal
of the famous old Albany Academy, and under his
management the attendance increased from seventy to
over three hundred. In 1872, and again in 1886, he
spent some time in England; and in 1878-1879 he

MERRILL E. GATES

travelled on the Continent and in the Levant for a year.
He was president of Rutgers College, at New Brunswick,
N. J., from 1882 to 1890. His work in this field was
remarkably successful. The course of study was en
riched, the number of students was nearly doubled, the
number of professors was increased from fourteen to
twenty-three, the income of the college was doubled,
new buildings were erected, and the public school sys
tem of the State was permanently connected with the
State College, the
scientific school of
Rutgers. President
Gates was also largely
instrumental in se
curing the passage
of the Ballot Reform
Law. In July, 1890,
he was elected to
t h e presidency o f
Oberlin College.
While considering
this election, he was
chosen president of
Amherst. The same
ability to inspire and
direct educational
work characterizes
h i s administration
at Amherst. The
college is already
feeling the effect of
his presence in the
standard of work
maintained, in in
creased endowments,
new buildings and
greater attendance.
Among othe r i im
provements are the
revision of the curri
culum, the engagement of several new and strong pro
fessors, instead of tutors, the opening of a thoroughly
liberal course in natural science, etc. President Gates
is in constant demand as a speaker ; as a writer he con
tributes occasional articles to the magazines and reviews
on literary subjects. He is chairman of the United
States Board of Indian Commissioners, president of the
Mohonk Conference on Indian Affairs, and president
of the American Missionary Association.

68

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

ON one of the most sightly spots about Boston,
in the newly born city of Medford, is Tufts Col
lege, which, under the management of President Elmer
Hewitt Capen, has made for itself a place among the
leading institutions of learning in the country. It was
opened in 1854. Rev. Hosea Ballou, 2d, D.D., was the
first president, and for over twelve years Rev. Dr. A. A.
Miner was at its head. It is well endowed, enjoying the
revenue of about one million and a quarter of dollars,
and has upwards of
fifty- three scholar
ships. President
Capen was born April
5, 1838, in Stough-
ton, Norfolk County,
Mass. He was the
son of Samuel (2d)
and Almira (Paul)
Capen. After a pre
paratory course of
study at the Pierce
Academy, Middle-
boro, Mass., and at
the Green Mountain
Liberal Institute,
Woodstock, Yt., he
entered Tufts Col
lege in 1856 and
graduated in i860.
In his senior year at
college, he was
elected to represent
S tough ton in the
lower House of the
Massachusetts Legis
lature, where he was
the youngest member
of that body. A year
at the Harvard Law
School followed his
graduation from Tufts, and after completing his legal
studies in the office of Thomas S. Harlow in Boston, he
was admitted to the bar in 1863. Mr. Capen immedi
ately began the practice of law. The natural bent of
his mind, however, was rather toward theology, and he
became interested in religious activities. After a year's
practice at the bar, he exchanged law for divinity and
took a course in theology under Rev. Dr. Chambre'.
Ordained to the ministry, Oct. 5, 1865, he was called to

ELMER. H. CAPEN

the pastorate of the Independent Christian Church at
Gloucester, Mass., which was founded in 1774 by Rev.
John Murray. Mr. Capen remained with the Gloucester
church four years, and then accepted a call to a Univer-
salist Society at St. Paul, Minn., where he stayed one
year. In 1870, he became pastor of the First Universal
is! Church at Providence, R. I. From this pastorate he
was called, in 1875, to the presidency of Tufts College,
and was inaugurated June 2d of that year. His manage
ment of the college
has been signally
successful in various
directions. Endow
ments and buildings
have been added, and
the number of stu
dents has constantly
increased. Since
1876, President
Capen has been a
trustee of the Uni-
versalist General
Convention. He re
ceived the honorary
degree of doctor of
divinity from the St.
Lawrence University
of New York in 1877.
Since 1886 he has
been president of
the Law and Order
1 .eague of Massa
chusetts. He is pres
ident of the Com
mission on Ad
mission Examina
tions, a body created
by the New England
colleges, to secure
and promote u 11 i-
formity in the requirements for admission, and in 1888
Governor Ames appointed him as member of the State
Board of Education. President Capen takes a deep
interest in the political affairs of State and nation, and in
18S9 he was prominentamong those suggested for the
Republican nomination for governor. He has been twice
married, the first time to Letitia H. Mussey, of New
London, Conn., and in February, 1877, to Mary L.,
daughter of Oliver Edwards, of Brookline, Mass.

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

69

BOSTON UNIVERSITY, with its seven faculties
and more than a thousand students, occupies a
most honorable position among the great institutions of
learning in America. Founded in 1869, — though its
theological department, the oldest Methodist Episcopal
Divinity School in this country, was established in 1839,
— its growth has been phenomenally rapid. The uni
versity comprises a College of Liberal Arts, a School of
Law, a College of Agriculture, a School of Medicine,
and a School of All
Sciences. Its presi
dent, William Fair- 
field Warren, is not
only one of the pro-
foundest theologians
and most original
philosophical and
pedagogical thinkers,
but he is also one of
the most versatile
authors of the day.
He was born at Wil
li am s burg, Mass.,
March 13, 1833, the
son of Mather and
Anne M. Warren.
Graduated f rom
Wesleyan University
in 1853, he was, in
1855-56, in charge
of a church in An
dover, and from 1856
to 1858 studied in
Berlin, Halle, and
Rome. He trav
elled in Greece,
Egypt and Palestine,
residing abroad, at
different times, more
than seven years.
From 1 86 1 to 1866, he was professor of systematic
theology in the Missionsanstalt, Bremen, Germany ;
from 1866 to 1873, acting president of Boston Theologi
cal Seminary. In the latter year he became first presi
dent of Boston University, professor of the history
of religions, comparative theology, and the philoso
phy of religion, which position he has held to the
present time. His writings have been numerous. Six
were written and published in the German language.

WILLIAM F. WARREN

Of these the more important were ; " Anfangsgruende
der Logik" (1863); "Einleitung in die systematische
Theologie " (1865); and " Versuch einer neuen ency-
klopaedischen Einrichtung und Darstellung der theolo-
gischen Wissenschaften" (1867). The following are
some of his essays and addresses : " De Reprobatione "
(1867); "Systems of Ministerial Education" (1872);
"The Christian Consciousness" (1872); "American
Infidelity" (1874); "The Taxation of Colleges,
Churches, and Hos
pitals ; Tax Exemp
tion the Road to Tax
Abolition" (1876);
" The Gateways to
the Learned Profes
sions" (1877); "Re
view of Twenty
Arguments Em
ployed in Opposition
to the Opening of
the Boston La t i n
School to Girls"
(1877) ; "The Lib
eration of Learning
in England" (1878);
" Joint and Disjoint
Education in the
Public Schools"
(1879) ; "Hopeful
Symptoms in Medi
cal Education"
(1880) ; "New Eng
land Theology"
(1881) ; "True Key
to Ancient Cos
mology and Mythi
cal Geography"
(1882) ; " Homer's
Abode of the Dead "
(1883) ; "All Roads
Lead to Thule " (1886); "The Quest of the Perfect
Religion" (1887); "The True Celebration of the
Four Hundredth Anniversary of the Discovery of
America by Columbus" (1888) ; "The Cry of the Soul,
a Baccalaureate Address" (1888) ; "The Gates of Sun
rise in Babylonian and Egyptian Mythology" (1889) ;
"Giordano Bruno and Liberty" (1890) ; "The Mastery
of Destiny" (1892). His other works are numerous.
President Warren married, in 1861, Harriet M. Merrick.

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

i ¦ *^

REV. MICHAEL A. O'KANE, S. J., president of the
College of the Holy Cross, was born in County
Clare, Ireland, July 12, 1849. When he was but three
months old his parents came to America and settled in
Spencer, Mass., where he received his early education.
After passing through the public schools, including the
High School of Spencer, he entered Holy Cross College
in 1865, the year of its formal incorporation. In the
third year of his college course, July, 1867, Michael
O'Kane became a
member of the So
ciety of Jesus, and
left Holy Cross to
pursue the philosoph
ical and theologi
cal studies required
by the order, at
Woodstock College,
Md. Here he spent
nine years, and on
completing his
course, in 1876, was
made professor of
classics in George
town College. He
remained at George
town six years, hold
ing in turn the pro
fessorships of classics
and of philosophy.
Then for four years
he was prefect of
studies at George
town, and for two
years vice-president
of the college. In
August, 1887, he was
made rector and
master of novices in
the Novitiate at
Frederick, Md., the home of the Jesuits. This posi
tion he held for two years, and then, in 1889, was
transferred to Worcester to become president of the
College of the Holy Cross. The college was founded by
Bishop Fenwick in 1843, and was incorporated in 1865.
It provides a classical and scientific education for youth
of the Catholic church. For a number of years after its
establishment, degrees were conferred on its graduates
by Georgetown College, the State of Massachusetts refus-

MICHAEL A. O'KANE

ing it a charter. In 1865, largely by the influence of
Governor Andrew and Hon. Alexander H. Bullock, a
charter was obtained. Father O'Kane found the college
with about two hundred and twenty pupils, and in the
three years of his administration has seen it grow to
over three hundred, and so cramped for room as to be
forced to refuse admission to many applicants. Under
its original regulations the college received pupils as
young as eight years, but this has been changed from
time to time, and
Father O'Kane has
recently raised the
age of entrance to
fourteen. The col
lege has grown in re
sources as well as in
numbers under
Father O' Kane's
management. The
estate, which includes
a well cultivated farm
of one hundred and
seventy-six acres, in
addition to its pleas-
u r e grounds and
buildings, has been
greatly improved.
A large addition to
the main building is
now in process of
construction, larger
in fact than the old
structure. The space
thus acquired will be
used to relieve the
present cramped
quarters. In the
basement will be a
finely equipped gym
nasium with a swim
ming tank. The main floors will be used for the scien
tific department, for class rooms, library and museum,
and the upper floor with its ten thousand feet of surface
will be cut up into dormitories. Like most college
presidents of the present day, Father O'Kane devotes
his time to the administration of the great interests com
mitted to his charge, rather than to individual teaching.
He is greatly beloved by the students, and is equally
popular among the parishes of the vicinity.

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

71

REV. EDWARD IGNATIUS DEVITT, S. J., the
eighth president of Boston College, was born on
Dec. 13, 1 84 1. He received his early education in
the public schools of his native city, Boston, being a
Franklin medal scholar from the Eliot School for the
year 1854. After graduating from the English High
School he entered the College of the Holy Cross, at
Worcester, Mass. After devoting several years to the
study of Latin and Greek, he left the college without
being graduated, and
entered the Society
of Jesus in 1859.
He spent the cus
tomary two years on
probation at Fred
erick City, Md., and
then devoted himself
to a further study of
the classics. From
1863 to 1869, he
taught at Gonzaga
College, at Washing
ton, D. C. The next
seven years of his
life were spent at
the College of the
Sacred Heart at
Woodstock, Md.,
three of which he
devoted to the study
of philosophy and
four to the study of
theology. He was
ordained in 1875 by
Most Rev. James
R. Bayley, arch
bishop of Baltimore.
Having now com
pleted the regular
course of studies re
quired by the institute of the society, he returned to
Holy Cross College as professor of rhetoric. The next
year he lectured on philosophy in the same institution;
and in 1879 he was appointed to the chair of philos
ophy at the College of the Sacred Heart, at Woodstock,
where he himself had studied, and where even at the
present time the Jesuits congregate from all parts of the
United States to finish their studies. Here he remained
four years. The two succeeding years were spent at

EDWARD I DEVITT.

Georgetown University, where he also lectured on phi
losophy. He then returned to Woodstock to occupy
the chair of theology, left vacant by the elevation of
the famous Father Mazzella to the rank of cardinal.
In 1888 he again returned to the College of the Holy
Cross, as professor of philosophy, and in January, 1891,
he was appointed president of Boston College to succeed
the Rev. Robert Fulton, S. J. The past two years of
the Rev. Father Devitt's life have been so closely con
nected with Boston
College that it seems
only fitting to say a
word of that famous
institution. It was
founded in 1863, but
opened its doors for
the first time in Sep
tember, 1864. The
Rev. Father Bapst
was its first presi
dent. The school
opened with about
forty pupils, but soon
began to grow. Dur
ing the administra
tion of the Rev.
Father Fulton, who
was appointed to the
presidency in 1870,
the growth was very
rapid, and in 1877
the first class was
graduated. Every
year has marked a
large increase in the
number of students.
At present there are
three hundred and
sixty in actual attend
ance. This is an
increase of fifty over last year. The institution stands
in the first rank among Catholic colleges. Nearly all
the younger clergymen of the archdiocese of Boston
are graduates of this college, and many of its alumni
occupy prominent positions in professional and political
life. Father Devitt has successfully devoted himself to
the maintenance of the old standard in the study of
the ancient languages, and has set about bringing the
course of mathematics up to the re< mired standard.

r-

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

THE Massachusetts Agricultural College was incor
porated in 1863, under an act passed by the
Legislature that same year, by which the State accepted
the national grant of three hundred and sixty thousand
acres of land donated for that purpose. On May 24,
1864, the town of Amherst, having offered superior
inducements, was selected by the trustees as the loca
tion of the new institution. To secure the college, the
town pledged itself to give #75,000 toward the erection
of the buildings, and
also to provide a
site at a favorable
figure. The site
embraced abo u t
three hundred and
eighty-four acres,
and the original cost
of land and build
ings was $43,000.
The object of the
college is to give a
practical and liberal
education in each
department, and in
struction, both theo
retical and practical,
is given in agriculture,
horticulture, and also
in military tactics, be
sides the regular
class-room w o r k.
Graduates of the col
lege receive the de
gree of bachelor of
science. Henry Hill
Goodell, president of
the college and the
director of its one
hundred and eighty
students, was born at
Constantinople, Turkey, May 20, 1839, his parents being
Rev. William and Abigail Perkins (Davis) Goodell. He
prepared for college at Williston Seminary, graduating
in 1858. Four years later he graduated from Amherst.
His alma mater conferred upon him the degree of master
of arts in 1865, and doctor of laws in 1890. Immediately
after his graduation he enlisted in the Union army, and was
commissioned a second lieutenant of the Twenty-Fifth
Connecticut Volunteers, Aug. 16, 1862, and in April of the

HENRY H. GOODELL.

following year he was promoted to a first lieutenancy
at the battle of Irish Bend. He was subsequently ap
pointed an aide on the staff of Col. G. P. Bissell of
the Third Brigade, fourth division of the Nineteenth
Army Corps. During his term of service he was engaged
in the battles of Irish Bend, Vermilion, the first expe
dition to Port Hudson, siege of Port Hudson, Teche
campaign and Donaldsonville, and was one of the volun
teers in the "forlorn hope " called for by General Banks.
Returning from the
war, he was from
1864 to 1867 an in
structor at Williston
Seminary, resigning
to take the chair of
modern languages
and English litera
ture at the Massa
chusetts Agricultural
College, which posi
tion he held until
1886, when he was
unanimously chosen
to the presidency of
the institution.
President Goodell
has shown himself to
be peculiarly well
fitted for the position
which he occupies,
and it may be said,
without reflection
upon the ability of
his predecessors in
office, that much of
the success of the
college has been the
result o f his well-
directed effort. His
central idea has been
to broaden the sphere of the college, and the ever-
increasing enrolment attests his success. President
Goodell was elected a director of the Hatch Agricultural
Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural
College in 18S8. He was also a representative in the
Legislature of 1885 and 1886. President Goodell was
married, Dec. 10, 1873, to Helen E., daughter of John
and Sophia (Cook) Stanton, of New Orleans, La. They
have two sons.

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

73

WELLESLEY COLLEGE, of which Helen A.
Shafer is the third and present president, has
a strong claim upon the affections of the women, not
only of Massachusetts, but of the whole of America.
It has long since more than realized the splendid dream
of its founder, Henry F. Durant, and has settled the
question once and forever as to whether it is well for
women to go to college. Half a century ago, it could
be said with truth that " female education is particularly
interesting becau s e
it is a perfectly un
tried experiment,"
but the existence of
such splendid insti
tutions of lear n i n g
for women as Welles
ley has wiped that
reproach from the
face of history. The
colleg e of which
Miss Shafer is the
head became a fac
tor in our civilization
when the corner
stone was laid Sept.
14, 1871. The
founder's ideas were
entirely unconv e n-
tional. He stipu
lated that men and
women should con
stitute the Board of
Trustees, but that
women should con
stitute the faculty.
The most rad i c a 1
departure from the
conventional rut lies
in the fact that
there is no marking
system indicating class rank and honors, the idea being
that knowledge should be acquired for itself alone. It
is also part of the original platform of Wellesley that
the Bible should be recognized as the foundation of all
learning. Helen A. Shafer is a native of New Jersey.
She graduated at Oberlin College in 1863. From 1865
to 1875 she had charge of the mathematical instruction
in the Central High School at St. Louis, Mo. From
1877 till her election to the presidency at Wellesley, she

HELEN A. SHAFER.

was the professor of mathematics at the latter institution.
In 1878 she took the degree of master of arts at Ober
lin. Her work in mathematics at St. Louis brought
Miss Shafer national renown, and was highly commended
by Dr. William T. Harris, the eminent educator. As
president of the college, Miss Shafer's executive ability
has proved no less remarkable than her mathematical
attainments, and is attested in the character of the
institution over which she presides. Holding to the
Wellesley idea that
the college should
allow a wide range
of elective studies,
President Shafer has
steadily advanced its
intellectual and ethi
cal progress. She
is, however, a firm
believer in the im
portance of classical
and mathe m a t i c a 1
training. The sys
tem at Wellesley is
a judicious mingling
of what is good in
the systems obtain
ing both in the old
and the new world.
Prominence is given
to instru c t i o n by
means both of lec
tures and recita
tions. President
Shafer is fortu
nate in guiding
the destinies of the
college at a time
when all the desires
and predictions of
its founder are in
process of fulfilment, a condition that is as rare as it is
satisfactory. Wellesley is happy in the possession of
both an art school and a conservatory of music. The
conservatory has arrangements for forty pianos and a
pipe organ, with a recital hall for choral classes. The
college library contains the entire private library of Mr.
Durant, which contained a portion of the famous Rufus
Choate collection. It has also been enriched by an
endowment from the late Prof. Eben Norton Horsford

74

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

REV. DR. LAURENUS CLARK SEELYE, president
of Smith College at Northampton and a promi
nent educator, was born in the town of Bethel, Fairfield
County, Conn., Sept. 20, 1837, his parents being Seth
and Abigail (Taylor) Seelye. During his boyhood he
studied in the public and private schools, taking a pre
paratory course for admission to Union College, which
he entered in 1853. He was graduated four years
later, but remained to take a postgraduate course, which
he finished in a year.
He then entered
Andover Theological
Seminary and stud
ied for two years in
the junior and mid
dle classes. Leaving
Andover, he went to
Europe, and for
nearly three years
travelled on the con
tinent and in Egypt
and Palestine. While
abroad he spent one
winter in the Univer
sity of Berlin, and
one summer in the
University of Heidel
berg, after which he
returned to his native
land. In 1863 he
was ordained and
installed as pastor of
the North Congre
gational Church in
Springfield, one of the
largest and most rep
resentative churches
in the city, and re
mained in this posi
tion for two years, or
until 1865, when he was called to the chair of rhetoric
and English literature at Amherst College, of which his
brother, Julius Hawley Seelye, was president at a later
date. That position Rev. Dr. Seelye occupied until
1873, when he was unanimously chosen as the first
president of Smith College, an institution for the higher
education of women, which was chartered in 1871 and
located at Northampton. It is on account of his con
nection with this college, of which he is still the head,

that he is best and most widely known, although he was
generally recognized as an able and progressive teacher
when a member of the faculty at Amherst. His present
field, however, has given him a broader scope for his
abilities, and he has ever been alert to grasp every
opportunity, when offered, or to make one, when miss
ing. The first college building was dedicated in July,
1875, with appropriate addresses by Governor Gaston,
Professor W. S. Tyler, D. D., LL.D., President Seelye, and
Rev. Dr. A. P. Pea-
body. The college
was opened for the
reception of pupils
in the following Sep
tember, and under
the able administra
tion of its president
the number of pupils
has grown from four
teen to seven hun
dred, while it has
happened more than
once, in the last few
years, that the de
mand for admission
has taxed the insti
tution to its utmost.
He has in truth fol
lowed the wish of
the founder, that the
college should grant
a degree as high as
that of any college
or university in the
country, and Smith
College stands to-day
the peer of the high
est. With his other
duties he has also
found time to write
some articles on Celtic literature that were published in
Putnam's and Scribner's magazines, besides several
addresses upon educational themes. He married Hen
rietta, daughter of Lyman and Harriet Chapin, of Albany,
N. Y., in November, 1863, and they have six children
living. Both in the educational and the theological
work of his life, President Seelye has shown evidences
of wide culture, his mind having been broadened by
extensive travel and profound research.

LAURENUS CLARK SEELYE.

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

75

GRANVILLE STANLEY HALL, president of Clark
University, is the son of Granville Bascom and
Abby Beals HaU, and was born in Ashfield, Mass., in
1846. He prepared for college at Sanderson Academy
in Ashfield and at Willeston Seminary, Easthampton, and
then entered Williams College, where he was graduated
in the class of 1867. After five years of study in
European universities, he began his career as a teacher
at Antioch College, Ohio. He went from Antioch to
Harvard, where he
was instructor i n
English until 1877.
He then went to
Johns Hopkins Uni
versity at Baltimore,
and held the profes
sorship of psychology
there when called to
the presidency of
Clark University in
Worcester. While in
Baltimore he founded
the American Journal
of Psychology in
1887, of which he
still continues to be
the editor. When
Jonas G. Clark con
ceived the idea of
establishing an insti
tution for advanced
study and individual
research, and called
to his assistance the
gentlemen who
formed the board of
trustees, the unani
mous choice of Dr.
Hall as president of
the new university
was commended by the educational world. Dr. Hall
accepted the position in 1888, and spent the next ten
months in the study of the educational systems of
Europe. The result of his investigations was embodied
in the courses of Clark University, which was opened in
1889. The institution fills a unique position as an edu
cational institution, supplying opportunities for research
in abstract science such as no other institution in the
world gives. Its methods are largely the creation of

GRANVILLE STANLEY HALL.

Dr. Hall, and have been directed by him from the start.
Dr. Hall received the degree of master of arts at Wil
liams College in 1870; that of doctor of philosophy at
Harvard in 1878; that of doctor of laws at the Uni
versity of Michigan in 1888, and again at Williams in
1889. Since his incumbency of the presidency of Clark
University, Dr. Hall has inaugurated the Pedagogical
Seminary, the first number of which appeared in 1891.
He continues to be its editor. Dr. Hall is a frequent
contributor to scien
tific publications, and
has published a num
ber of extended
works in his depart
ment of psychology.
Among his publica
tions are : " The Per
ception of Color," in
the Proceedings of
the American Acad
emy of Arts and
Sciences; "Hegel:
His Followers and
Critics," in Journal
of Speculative Phi
losophy ; " Children's
Lies" and "Dermal
Sensitiveness to
Gradual Pressure
Changes," in Ameri
can Journal of Psy
chology ; " A Sand
Pile," in Scribner's ;
"Laura Bridgman,"
"The Muscular Per
ception of Space,"
" Reaction, Time and
Attention in the
Hypnotic State,"
"Studies of Rhythm,"
in Mind; "Contents of Children's Minds," "Moral and
Religious Training of Children," and "The Education
of the Will;" "Philosophy in the United States;"
"New Departure in Education." More extended publi
cations in book form are : "Aspects of German Culture,"
"Methods of Teaching History," "How to Teach Read
ing, and What to Read in Schools." Dr. Hall married
in Berlin, in 1880, Cornelia, daughter of James and
Julia Fisher. Mrs. Hall died in 1890, leaving one son.

76

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

SAMUEL DALTON, adjutant-general of the State
of Massachusetts, is a veteran soldier who entered
the service at a time when men were most needed by
the country, and who has steadily advanced to a fore
most place in the military life of the Commonwealth.
He has always been interested in military matters, and
was identified with the troops of the State before, dur
ing, and since the War of the Rebellion. He brought
to the office he now holds, a knowledge and an expe
rience which have
been of great benefit
to the military or
ganization of Massa
chusetts, and which
have given him a
reputation second to
none among the
efficient adjutant-
generals of the coun
try. He was born
at Salem, Essex
County, June 25,
1840, his parents
being Joseph A. and
Mary Dalto n. His
father served during
the Civil War as
lieutenant-colonel of
the Forty-ninth
Massachusetts Infan
try Volunteers, while
his brother, J. Frank
Dalton, served in
the navy, and was
subsequently com
mander of the Sec
ond Corps of Cadets
of Salem. General
Dalton's early edu
cation was received
at the public schools of Salem, where he also attended
the classical and high schools, from which he graduated
in 1856. He then entered the establishment of his
father, gaining an acquaintance with the leather busi
ness. He subsequently came to Boston as clerk in the
house of Gore Brothers, and was afterwards engaged as
salesman by E. B. HuU & Co. At a very early age he had
a special interest in military work, and in 1858 enlisted
in the Salem Cadets. He was a member of this organiza

tion at the outbreak of the war. In 1861 he enlisted
in the Fourteenth Massachusetts Volunteers (afterwards
known as the First Massachusetts Heavy Artillery), and
was soon appointed sergeant. Feb. 15, 1862, he was
commissioned second lieutenant, and on June 7 of the
same year was promoted to a first lieutenancy, in which
grade he was mustered out of the United States service,
after a full term of three years. He then resumed
business in Boston, under the firm name of Nichols &
Dalton. April 6,
1866, he re-enlisted
in the Salem Cadets
as capta in of his
o 1 d company. I n
May, 1874, he was
elected major of the
corps, and in March,
1877, lieutenant-
colonel. In 1881
Governor Long ap
pointed him in
spector of ordnance,
with the rank of
colonel, and in Jan
uary, 1883, he was
appo inted to his
present position,
with rank as briga
dier-general, by
Goveror Butler.
Governor Robin
son advanced him to
the rank of major-
general. In addi
tion to his responsi
ble position of
adjutant-general, which he has filled
for ten years with
such credit, he is
also inspector-general, quartermaster-general, and pay
master-general. General Dalton was married in Salem,
March 9, 1863, to Hannah F., daughter of W. F. and
Abigail Nichols, of Salem. His family consists of a
daughter and a son, Edith B. and R. Osborn Dalton.
Under his direction the State militia has steadily
increased in numbers and efficiency, and is now com
posed of two brigades and of two corps of cadets,
unattached.

SAMUEL DALTON

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

77

BRIGADIER-GENERAL BENJAMIN F. BRIDGES,
commanding the First Brigade, Massachusetts
Volunteer Militia, was born in Deerfield, Mass., April
30, 1836. He comes of a family noted for its mental
and physical vigor. His boyhood years were passed in
working on his father's farm and in attending school in
the winter. His military career began at the age of
fifteen, when he enlisted in the Tenth Massachusetts
Infantry, in which he served until 1857. In November,
187 1, Company H,
Second Regiment
Infantry, Massachu
setts Volunteer Mil
itia, was organized
at South Deerfield,
and Mr. Bridges re
ceived a commission
as first lieutenant.
March 15, 1875, he
was elected captain ;
Aug. 3, 1876, pro
moted major ; Jan.
25, 1879, elected
lieutenant-c o 1 o n e 1 ;
in the following Aug
ust, elected colonel,
and Jan. 5, 1889,
elected brigadier-
general, command
ing the First Brigade.
General Bridges is a
thorough disciplina
rian, but popular
alike with officers and
men. He has done
much to increase the
efficiency and im
prove the soldierly
qualities of the bri
gade. He had suc
ceeded in raising the Second Regiment from a six-
company to a twelve-company regiment, and under his
administration the organization steadily improved, until
it took a prominent position among the best regiments
in the State service. The same ability has character
ized his command of the brigade. In the military ser
vice, to which he has given so much time and in which
he has had so long an experience, he is an indefatigable
worker. In company with General Dalton he visited

BENJAMIN F. BRIDGES

the Pennsylvania troops when they were encamped at
Homestead in 1892, in order that the experience there
gained might be utilized for the benefit of the Massachu
setts militia. This visit was followed by important
recommendations in General Bridges's annual report.
His whole administration has been marked by great
progress, each annual encampment showing decided
improvement over the preceding one. The general, who
is an able tactician, personally conducts the drills of his
command in brigade
movements. Re
turning to his civil
career, it may be
said that after leav
ing school, when
about twenty years
old, he went West,
where he remained
several years. On
his return to Massa
chusetts, he entered
mercantile life, asso
ciating himself, in
1868, with B. R.
Hamilton in the
manufacture of pock
et-books at South
Deerfield. As the
financial manager of
the firm of Hamilton
& Bridges, he made
the business a suc
cess. On withdraw
ing from that firm,
he was the originator
and head of the
house of James B.
Bridges & Co., of
South Deerfield, the
firm doing now an
extensive business in flour and feed and farming imple
ments. With his townspeople, neighbors, and friends,
General Bridges is more than popular. He is the nat
ural leader of any public-spirited work in the town
which needs to be pushed to the front, and his purse is
always open to the wants of the deserving poor. He
was married, in 1859, to Hattie R. Eaton. She died
many years ago. General Bridges was married to Miss
Jennie E. Taylor, Jan. 8, 1866.

78

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

BRIGADIER-GENERAL BENJAMIN F. PEACH,
Jr., commanding the Second Brigade, Massachu
setts Volunteer Militia, was born in Marblehead, Mass.,
in October, 1838, and was educated in the public schools
of that town. At an early age he learned the business
of shoe manufacture, residing in Marblehead until the
outbreak of the Rebellion, and at its close locating in
Lynn. He continued in the shoe business until 1879,
when he was elected city treasurer and collector of taxes
of Lynn. He was, in
nearly every instance,
unanimously re
elected for six suc
cessive years, retiring
in August, 1885, to
accept the appoint
ment of United States
pension agent, tend
ered him by Presi
dent Cleveland.
During his term of
office he disbursed
many millions of
dollars to the pen
sioners of his district,
to the satisfaction of
the government and
of the people. In
1889, he became
assistant treasurer
and assistant general
manager of the
Thorn son- Houston
Electric Company,
and on its consolida
tion with the Edison
General Electric
Company, he was
elected assistant
treasurer of the con
solidated organization, which is the largest electric com
pany in the world. He still holds this position. He is
also a member of the board of trustees of the Thomson-
Houston Securities, and is connected with various elec
trical manufacturing, railway and lighting companies.
General Peach is likewise trustee of one of the funds of
the city of Lynn. He has been repeatedly urged to
accept the nomination for Congress from his district,
but has always declined the honor. He is a member of

*•*!

BENJAMIN F. PEACH

Post 5, G. A. R. ; a companion of the first class of the
Military Order of the Loyal Legion ; a member of Mt.
Carmel Lodge, F. and A. M., and a member of the
Oxford Club of Lynn. Early in youth he became inter
ested in the militia of the Commonwealth, and in 1854
enlisted in Company C, Fifth Regiment, which became
in 1855 Company C, Sixth Regiment of Infantry, which
company the following year was transferred to the Eighth
Infantry. He was promoted sergeant in 1857, and first
sergeant in May,
1858, which position
he held in April, 1 86 1 ,
when he responded
to the call of the
President for troops.
His company was
the first to enter
Faneuil Hall on the
morning of the mem
orable 16th of
April, 1861. In
March, 1862, he was
promoted first lieu
tenant ; in Septem
ber, 1862, adjutant;
in February, 1863,
detailed acting assis
tant adjutant-general,
and in July, 1864,
promoted colonel.
After the expiration
of his term of sendee
he remained in com
mand of the Eighth
Regiment of Militia
until February, 1882,
when he was com
missioned brigadier-
general. General
Peach is one of the
most experienced officers in the State, a man of sound
judgment, and one to be relied on with perfect confidence
at all times. He is looked upon as a perfect soldier,
and is very popular in his command and throughout the
entire State force. Always exacting in the performance
of duty, and yet ever watchful of the interests and wel
fare of his troops, he is an officer of the best type.
General Peach was married in 1870 to Miss Adelaide L.,
daughter of Colonel F. J. Coffin, of Newburyport.

rr (T tf rr rr ¦ VS
it ii ii pi 11 nil

¦n etr pre
11 ,11 n
i

THE NEW STATE HOUSE. (Side Elevation.)

SX5

GREATNESS in cities in America is too often associated with prodigious commercial activity, miles of business
blocks, fine new sixteen-story buildings, the ceaseless strife of toiling thousands, and other features of a
"boom." Rome was not built in a day ; nor has the greatness of any city of ancient or modern times been
due to its mere material achievements, piled fast one upon another. In cities, as in men, there is a far higher
and a nobler attribute of greatness, — the impress they make upon the thought, welfare, and progress of the nation
of which they form a part. Athens was Greece, Rome was the Empire, London is England, Paris is France, and
in a narrower but no less truthful sense, Boston is the United States. Her greatness is all her own ; it never
can be taken from her, never surpassed or imitated. New York might disappear in a night, and Chicago might
sink into the waters of Lake Michigan, but another and a greater New York, and a new Chicago, bigger and
more forceful, would rise, as if by magic, from the ruins. Boston, on the contrary, never could be replaced ; she
is of the nation, and the nation is of her.
A recent visitor, when asked with what he was most forcibly impressed in Boston, replied, first, the repose
and the delightful domestic atmosphere with which the people, as a rule, are surrounded ; second, the ability to
enjoy themselves by the pursuit of some chosen object other than mere business ; third, their pronounced suscep
tibility to new impressions. This observer had tasted the life of Boston in its true flavor, the life whose real spirit
may be breathed only at the firesides, and which cultivates the perfection of man, woman, and child in all that
pertains to advanced civilization. Those who have never breathed this rarefied atmosphere wonder whence comes
the stimulus which by its example supplies the impetus to intellectual pursuits in all parts of the LTnion, which
gives birth to an enlightened public opinion, whose voice never speaks except on the side of right and justice,
and which keeps alive and spreads abroad the idea of nationality, whose message is patriotism and whose key
note is progress. The east wind, a codfish diet, and other innocent fictions of newspaper wags are habitually
cited as contributing causes of the intellectual supremacy of the Boston people, but only those to the manner
born, as it were, know how terribly earnest, and what largess of self-improvement accompanies it, is the pursuit
of knowledge for its own sake ! A kindred aim has opened up a vast field of study and discussion on all
topics relating to religion and science, woman suffrage and socialism, speculative philosophy and political economy,
spiritualism and psychic research, archaeology and astrology, while literature, art, music, and architecture nowhere
can claim devotees more ardent and scholarly. The innumerable clubs and societies, which constitute a feature
of Boston life in all its relations, have for their motive the acquirement of truth, and that intelligent discussion
without which truth never may be attained. Among the trades and professions, the dining clubs which meet on
given days are unique in that the members listen to the reading of papers bearing upon various topics of interest to
their callings. Naturally enough, therefore, the material man from another city, who views Boston only from the
outside, or from the inside only to his utter discomfiture, is unable to grasp the full meaning of this current of intel
lectual enthusiasm, and when he gets home, gravely declares that Boston is " slow."
Yet in its commercial, as distinguished from its aesthetic, aspect, Boston still occupies relatively as prominent
a position among the cities as she ever did. While it is true that other cities in certain directions are °rowin°-
more rapidly, yet, in many instances, it is Boston brains and Boston capital and Boston methods which are
responsible for their advancement. Chicago owes its remarkable rise to the enterprise of bankino- houses located
within a stone's throw of the Old State House, — their capital built the great railroads which made the now robust

BOSTON.

Sr

«a&i.

BOSTON CITY HALL.

young municipality a possibility and supplied her, in the hour of her calamity in 1871, with the funds wherewith
to rebuild her all but destroyed city. In other cities, both in the West and in the East, the Boston investor
stands in the forefront in developing property and otherwise affording opportunities for commercial prosperity.
By the showing of the clearing houses of tne country, Boston stands second only to New York, the business
transacted amounting to over five billion dollars a year. Life
insurance, which began in America in Boston, fire insurance,
publishing, of which there is none more excellent mechani
cally than that done here, and some of the largest and best
equipped retail stores in the country, are other conspicuous
features of the business life of the city. Here also are the
business offices of hundreds of manufacturing industries whose
products are made in mills and factories located throughout
Massachusetts and in the contiguous States, but which are
sold through Boston, and therefore belong in any computation
of the city's commercial wealth. The value of the imports at
the port of Boston in 1891 was over $70,000,000; that of
the exports was $81,400,000.
The latest figures relating to manufacturing and
mechanical establishments in Boston are those of the State
census of 1885, which gave the number of establishments as 5,199, and the total capital invested as $144,376,206.
The increase since then has been steady and large, betokening a substantial
growth. Boston's maritime commerce, which years ago led the entire country
and carried the national flag into every foreign port of any consequence,
fell away after the war, when capital sought the quicker and larger returns to
be won in manufacturing, yet it is large enough to-day to rank Boston as the
second port of entry in the United States. Steamships, most of them flying
foreign flags, to be sure, the result of unfavorable legislation at Washington,
leave her clocks for England, Scotland, and France ; and there are lines to
Germany, Italy and the Mediterranean, Australia, China, and Japan. There
are ten lines of steamers connecting Boston daily and semi-weekly with impor
tant points north and south on the Atlantic seaboard.
The intense love which Bostonians have for the historic landmarks, of
which there are so many in the city, is manifested by the determination many
times repeated, to keep these sacred institutions and localities intact. That
Boston is still true to the traditions of its origin is evident from the reverence
and affection shown for the Old State House, the Old South Church, the
Old North Church, the Granary Burial-ground, and the other relics of " Old
Boston." Of their history the youth of Boston never become weary. How
ever, the "march of improvement" may be seen in any of the older parts of
the city where the old-fashioned substantiality of last-century architecture
contrasts forcibly with the loftier and more elaborate structure of the prevail
ing architectural types. These ancient buildings, together with the narrow
and winding streets and the byways and isolated corners of the down-town
districts, never will lose their interest for the true Bostonian.
The parks and the pleasure grounds, than which none are planned or conducted on a more intelligent
system, enjoyed for their improvement and extension in the three years, 1889-90-91, the munificent sum of
$2,433,555. The common schools and the high schools, with an enrolment in 1891 of over seventy-two thousand
pupils between five and fifteen years of age, and supported by a fund of $2,120,546 raised by taxation, need no

STATUE OF LEIF ERICSON.

82

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

encomiums passed upon them here ; their high standard is a matter of common knowledge. The public
institutions of the city for the sick, the infirm, and the blind ; the comprehensive system of public and private
charities, which handles the difficult problems in its peculiar field with a rare
humanity and a wise discrimination ; the noble work of education performed
by the Public Library ; the improved methods of sanitation and street cleaning,
and the singular purity of the city government, against which no breath of
scandal can be raised, all testify to the superior virtues of Boston as a well-
regulated municipality, free from the evils so apt to creep into communities
thickly settled. The notable improvement in transportation facilities, made
in spite of obstacles placed in their way by the topography of the down
town district, reflects much credit upon the West End Street Railway Com
pany, the extent of whose business may be judged from the company's
showing for the year ending Sept. 30, 1892. From this it appeared that the
number of passengers carried in twelve months was 126,201,781 ; the miles run
numbered 17,498,660; the miles operated numbered 263 1-2, of which 148
were equipped with electricity; and the number of cars employed was 2,554,
of which 1,028 were electric cars; the earnings were $6,317,205; the
expenses, $4,477,783.
The population of Boston, by the federal census of 1890, was 448,477,
a gain since 1885 of 58,084; the total population of the city and its suburbs
was 680,421, or 30.39 per cent of the entire population of the State. Of
Boston's population 260,000 are American born, 70,000 Irish, 35,000 Canadian,
10,000 German, and 3,000 Italian. The aliens who arrived from transatlantic
ports in the year ending Sept. 30, 1891, numbered 32,808; from the British Provinces, 21,983. Of the former
11,515 were Irish, 7,633 were English, 4,092 were Swedes, and 3,479 were Russians.

COLUMBUS STATUE.

BOSTON.

83

IN the hands of Nathan Matthews, Jr., have been
entrusted, for three consecutive years, the municipal
interests of Boston. For two years he has given the
city such an administration as will, in many respects,
serve as a standard for future mayors. A native of the
city whose affairs he manages with such ability, he is a
scion of sturdy Cape Cod stock. He was born March
28, 1854. Having obtained his preparatory education
in public and private schools, he entered Harvard and
graduated with math
ematical honors in
1875. From Cam
bridge he went to
the University of
Leipsic for two years,
devoting his atten
tion chiefly to politi
cal economy and
jurisprudence. Re
turning to Boston,
he studied two years
in the Harvard Law
School, and in 1880
was admitted to the
bar. For ten years
he followed his pro
fession with great
success, his practice
during the latter por
tion of that period
being largely in the
line of building cases
and trusts. In equity
cases he is an ad
mitted authority.
He has also contrib
uted valuable articles
on economical and
financial questions
to the leading re
views. In charge of large trust funds, he secured an
enormous clientele, and there is probably no man in
Boston better acquainted than he with real estate
matters. By natural ability, no less than by long train
ing, Mr. Matthews was eminently fitted to perform the
duties of mayor, and his election in 1890 by a heavy
majority meant to those who knew him that business
principles of the soundest quality would govern his
administration. His re-election in 1891, by the largest

NATHAN MATTHEWS, JR

majority ever given to any candidate for political office
in the city, showed that he had amply fulfilled the expec
tations that had been entertained of him. His second
re-election in 1892, was a further indorsement of the
reforms which he has introduced into the city govern
ment. In all the great questions which have agitated
the public, as well as in all the details of administration,
Mayor Matthews has shown himself the master of the
situation. He has created and led public sentiment,
not followed it. A
public man of such
force of character
cannot help antago
nizing some inter
ests and individ
uals, but none of his
opponents ever ac
cused him of lacking
either integrity or
ability. He has
done more than any
other one man, ex
cepting Governor
Russell and General
Collins, to broaden
and strengthen the
Democratic party in
city and State. He
was one of the origi
nal members of the
Young Men's Demo
cratic Club of Mas
sachusetts ; in 1888
he was a member of
the Democratic State
Committee; in 1889,
chairman of the
Democratic State
Convention ; in 1890,
chairman of the
executive committee of the Democratic State Com
mittee; in 1892, delegate to the National Democratic
Convention, where he was an ardent and influential
worker in Cleveland's interests. He is a member of the
American Statistical Society, of the New England His
toric Genealogical Society, of the Boston Athletic Asso
ciation, of the Union Boat Club, and of many other
clubs and societies. In 1884 he married Miss Ellen B.
Sargent. They have two children.

84

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAi.

THE Associated Board of Trade of Boston is prob
ably the best representative body among business
associations in this country. Founded upon a new idea,
it has, during the few years of its existence, so demon
strated its practicability as to have become now the
exemplar of the newer boards of trade throughout the
country. The Boston Associated Board of Trade is not
a promiscuous grouping of business men coming together
as individuals, but is made up of delegates of the various
regularly organized
trade associations in
the city, these repre
sentatives being duly
elected by their vari
ous organizations,
and attending the
Associated Board of
Trade meetings to
speak and act, not
only for themselves,
but as voicing the
wishes of the associa
tions which send
them. Thus, when
the members of the
Associated Board
of Trade make a
decision, their action
is at once of impor
tance in forming
commercial and legis
lative opinion. When
a man attains to the
highest office in such
an association, it can
be said of him that
he occupies an esti
mable place among
business men. That
position is now held
by Jerome Jones, whose life is an instance of substantial
mercantile success. He was born in Athol, Worcester
County, Oct. 13, 1837. He is the youngest son of the
late Theodore and Marcia (Estabrook) Jones, and
grandson of Rev. Joseph Estabrook, the second minister
of Athol, and a noted clergyman in his time. He was
educated in Athol, and when a mere lad entered as a
clerk the country store of Goddard & Ward, in Orange,
Mass. In 1853, he was apprenticed to Otis Norcross &

JEROME JONES

Co., of Boston, then the leading importers of crockery
in the United States, and in 1861, when but twenty-
three years of age, he was admitted as a partner. In
1865, Mr. Jones began as European buyer for the firm.
When, in 1867, Otis Norcross was elected mayor of
Boston, and retired from business, the firm name became
Howland & Jones, and when, in 1871, Ichabod Howland
died, the firm assumed its present form of Jones, Mc-
Duffee ec Stratton. In June of the present year, Mr.
Jones completed his
thirty-ninth year of
continuous service
in the widely known
house of which he is
now the head. Mr.
Jones is a Jefferson-
ian Democrat and an
executive committee
man of the New Eng
land Tariff Reform
League. He is a
trustee of Mount
Auburn Cemetery;
director in the Third
National Bank and
the Massachusetts
Loan and Trust Com
pany ; vice-president
of the Home Savings
Bank ; member of
the Boston Commer
cial Club, of the Uni-
t a r i a n Club, the
Union C 1 u b, a n d
commissioner of the
Sinking Fund in
Brookline. Mr.
|ones is also an
active member of
that important com
mercial organization, the Boston Merchants' Association.
He has been president of the Boston Earthenware Asso
ciation, and of the Worcester Northwest Agricultural
Soviet)'. Mr. Jones has been twice married. His first
wife was Elizabeth R. Wait, of Greenfield. Mrs. Jones
died July 10, 1878, leaving four children: Theodore,
Elizabeth W., Marcia E., and Helen R. Jones. He was
married the second time in February, 1 881, to Mrs. Maria
E. Dutton, of Boston. His residence is in Brookline.

BO ST Oh BOARD OF TRADE.

85

THE president of the Boston Chamber of Commerce,
until he declined a re-election in October, 1892,
was L. G. Burnham. The career of Mr. Burnham is
replete with interest. At the call of the country in
1 86 1, he left school (being then in his eighteenth year)
and enlisted in Company E of the Forty-eighth Regi
ment, Massachusetts Volunteer Militia. Here he served
with credit until the term of his company expired.
Later he served in Company F, Third Massachusetts
Regiment, until it
was disbanded at the
close of the war. He
was next appointed
captain and brigade
quartermaster on the
staff of General Isaac
S. BurreU, Massachu
setts First Brigade.
Still later he was ap
pointed captain and
provost marshal on
the staff of Brigadier-
General Hobart
Moore, in which
capacity he served
five years. He was
afterwards elected
captain of Troop D,
First Battalion
Cavalry, resigning
after two years' ser
vice. If Mr. Burn
ham as a young man
became a soldier
from a sense of duty,
he is to-day a business
man from predilec
tion and because his
natural gifts fit him
for commercial life.
His business career commenced in 1865, when he
entered the service of Batchelder Brothers as clerk.
He remained here, working his way up through various
positions until 1868, when he entered into partnership
with Charles F. Newell, under the firm name of Newell
& Burnham, succeeding to the coal business of William
Wood & Co., of No. 132 Charles Street. This partner
ship continued until 187 1, when, Mr. Newell retiring,
the firm assumed its present name of L. G. Burnham &

L. G. BURNHAM.

Co. Mr. Burnham lends material business aid towards
keeping Boston warm in winter, his firm supplying more
coal than any other retail house in the State. Mr.
Burnham was born in the town and county of Essex,
Massachusetts, on Aug. 5, 1844. He is the son of Wash
ington and Mary B. Burnham. As a boy he attended
the district schools and afterwards the Putnam High
School at Newburyport. It was while attending the
latter that the note of the war was sounded, and he
enlisted as a boy
soldier. Mr. Burn
ham was formerly
president of the
Boston Board of
Trade. He is a
director in various
banks, and is inter
ested in many social,
business, and chari
table organizations.
In politics he is a
consistent Republi
can. He was married
in 1 88 1 to Miss May
A. Wood, of Lowell,
Mass. Mr. Burnham
resides in Boston, but
owns a pleasant farm
in Essex, which he
makes his home dur
ing part of the sum
mer season. He is
quiet and business
like in his demeanor,
coming as he does
of sterling New Eng
land stock. In the
histories of Essex
and of Essex County,
the name of Burn
ham finds an honored place, and the family record has
no more creditable career than that of the ex-president
of Boston's Chamber of Commerce. In 1892 he was
elected president of the Boston Associated Board of
Trade. His place among the business men of Boston
is an enviable one, and has not been attained without
long and patient endeavor and a strict adherence to
those principles of commercial integrity that animate
the best element among Boston merchants.

86

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

ONE of the first trade organizations formed in
Boston for the purpose of bringing together, in a
social way, men in the same line of business, and thus
promoting a spirit of solidarity, was the Paint and Oil
Club, of New England, which was organized in 1884.
Among the most active of its founders was John D.
Morton, who served as its president during the years
1886 and 1887. From this club have come other clubs
of the same kind in most of the large cities of the
United States, and,
later on, the National
Paint, Oil, and Var
nish Association, in
the formation of
which Mr. Morton
took an active part,
being one of the
New England club
delegates that
brought about its
organization. F o 1 -
lowing the Paint and
Oil Club, other orga
nizations of a similar
nature arose, making
possible the forma
tion of the Boston
Associated Board of
Trade, composed of
regularly chosen del
egates from twenty
trade organizations
in the city, thus
being perfectly rep
resentative of all the
city's business inter
ests. In the creation
of the Board of
Trade, Mr. Morton
was a leading spirit,
being the one who first suggested the idea of forming
such an association. He called the first meeting, which
resulted in its organization, served as its first vice-presi
dent, and as chairman of its committee on postal affairs,
and helped perhaps more than any other person to
secure improved mail service between Boston and New
York. Mr. Morton was born in Athol, Mass., Oct. 3,
1830, the son of Jeremiah and Olive (Morse) Morton.
His great-grandfather, Richard Morton, came from

JOHN D. MORTON

Hadley, Mass., and was one of the first seven settlers of
Athol. Mr. Morton left school at fifteen years of age
and entered a country store in the adjoining town of
Royalston, where he remained for three years, after
which he spent a year in school. Then for three years
he was in a country store in what is now the town of
Putnam, Conn. He came to Boston in 1853 and soon
after entered the counting-room of Stimson & Valentine,
dealers in paints, oils, and varnishes, remaining with
this firm until 1859.
In 1859 he became
connected with the
house of Banker &
C arp enter, in the
same line of business,
and was admitted as
partner in 1864, the
firm name being
changed in 1868 to
Carpenter, Wood
ward & Morton, and
is now composed of
G. O. Carpenter,
J. D. Morton, F. H.
Newton, and E. A.
Rogers. This house
is one of the largest
in its line in New
England, doing a
heavy business in the
manufacture and im
portation of paints,
varnishes, and artist
materials. For many
years, and until the
formation of the lead
trust, Mr. Morton was
the New England
manager of the St.
Louis Lead and Oil
Company. In 1862 he was married to Miss Maria E.
Wesson, daughter of William C. Wesson, of Hardwick,
Mass., and granddaughter of the Rev. William B. Wesson,
in his day a well-known Massachusetts divine. Mr. Mor
ton resides in Roxbury. He has three children ; one of
his daughters being the wife of Joseph H. Goodspeed,
treasurer of the West End Street Railway Company. Few
men in the United States possess a wider knowledge of
the ramifications of the paint and oil industry.

BOSTON BOARD OF TRADE.

X

WILLIAM A. FRENCH, president of the Mas-
. sachusetts National Bank, is well known in
business and financial circles in Boston, where he was
born Oct. 17, 1843, being the son of Abram French,
for many years and until his death the head of the great
crockery and glassware house of Abram French & Co.
Abram French built up this famous house and made it
what it is to-day, the largest dealer in china and glass
ware in New England, if not in the country. William
A. French was edu
cated at the Chaun-
cy Hall School,
then and now a
famous institution,
and at Harvard Uni
versity, from which
he graduated in the
class of 1865. In
1867 he entered the
house of Abram
French & Co., as a
member of the firm,
and remained there
twenty-five years,
until the present
Abram French Com
pany was incorpor
ated. Mr. French is
now president of the
Abram French Com
pany and is an active
member of the Bos
ton Associated Board
of Trade and other
organizations. In
1884 he was made a
director in the Mas
sachusetts National
Bank, and on April
4, 1887, he was
elected its president. The Massachusetts Bank was
organized March 18, 1784, and commenced business
July 5 of that year, being the oldest bank in New
England. It was originally composed of wealthy sub
scribers, who fixed the par value of the shares at five
hundred dollars, to keep them out of the hands of the
people. Its original capital was three hundred thousand
dollars, which was reduced in 1786 to one hundred
thousand dollars, and then gradually increased until, in

18 10, it had risen to one million, six hundred thousand
dollars, but in 182 1 was reduced to one half that
amount, and the par value of the stock reduced from
five hundred dollars to two hundred and fifty dollars.
When first chartered, the bank purchased the building
known in colonial days as the Manufactory House, at
the corner of the present Tremont Street and Hamilton
Place, for four thousand dollars. The same property
to-day is valued at upwards of five million dollars. The
original building was
sold and pulled down
in 1806, when the
bank removed to No.
66 State Street, where
it remained for more
than sixty years.
After the great fire
of 1872, the bank
removed to Post-
Office Square, where
it continued until
January, 1892, when
its business had in
creased to such an
extent as to render
its removal necessary
to more spacious
quarters, which are
now occupied by it
in the Exchange
Building, No. 53
State Street. The
belief which is almost
universal, that the
fibre paper used by
the Government for
its notes and bonds
is patented, is an
erroneous one.
There is nothing
patentable about the idea, for more than fifty years ago
the Massachusetts Bank printed its notes on paper
through which fibres of red silk were liberally distrib
uted, in much the same manner as is now done in the
Government paper, and for the same reason : the pre
vention of counterfeiting. Mr. French married Olivia
C, daughter of Oliver S. Chapman, of Canton, Mass. ;
they have four children. His residence is in Jamaica
Plain.

WILLIAM A. FRENCH.

88

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

WILLIAM O. BLANEY, senior member of the
firm of Blaney, Brown & Co., is one of the
best known business men in the city of Boston, and his
name is intimately associated with many of its prominent
institutions. He was born in Bristol, Me., on July 16,
1 84 1, the son of Arnold and Nancy (Hunter) Blaney.
Arnold Blaney was for many years judge of probate of
Lincoln County, Maine, and also held many other promi
nent public positions. Mr. Blaney was educated in the
public schools of
Bristol, and at the
Lincoln Academy.
In 1864 he came to
Boston and entered
the employ of Davis
& Crosby, flour and
grain merchants. He
showed early an apti
tude for the voca
tion, and in 1869
succeeded to the
business of the firm,
under the name of
W. O. Blaney. This
style was maintained
for a few years, when
it was changed to
Crosby & Blaney.
In 1879, upon the
death of Mr. Crosby,
L. S. Brown was ad
mitted to the partner
ship, and the firm
has since been known
as Blaney, Brown ee
Co. This house is
to-day probably the
largest dealer in and
receiver of flour and
grain in the city.
Mr. Blaney has been and is one of the leading members
of the Chamber of Commerce. In 1869 he became a
member of the Commercial Exchange. In 1879, he
was made a director of the exchange and held that office
two years. He then served as vice-president and after
ward two terms as president. Upon the consolidation
of the Commercial Exchange and the Produce Exchange,
in 1885, under the name of the Boston Chamber of
Commerce, he was appointed chairman of the Com-

WILLIAM 0. BLANEY

mittee on Transportation, and afterwards was elected
chairman of the Committee on Arbitration. One of
the proudest achievements of Mr. Blaney's connection
with the Chamber of Commerce was the ultimate suc
cess of his proposition to erect a building for the asso
ciation. In 1888 a committee was appointed to secure
a site for a new building, and Mr. Blaney was made
chairman of this committee. In the following year he
was appointed chairman of the Building Committee,
and the present
magnificent struc
ture, one of the
handsomest in New
England, was com
menced in April,
1890, and completed
in February, 1892.
There was more or
less opposition to the
scheme from the
start, but Mr. Blanev
and his associates
overcame this, and
the Chamber of
Commerce to-day as
a body unites in giv
ing to him a large
share of the credit
for what has proved
a wise and needed
X departure. Mr.
Blaney has been for
six years a delegate
from the Chamber of
Commerce to the
Associated Board of
Trade, and for the
past year has held
the position of vice-
president of the latter
body, where he has always taken a deep and lively
interest in all questions pertaining to the growth and
prosperity of the city, particularly in reference to trans
portation, Western, international, and local. He is 'a
director in the Commercial Bank, and also a member
of several business and social clubs. On May 16, 1857,
Mr. Blaney was married at Bristol, Me., to Loella E.,
daughter of William Huston. Their children are Charles
C. and Louise Blaney.

BOSTON BOARD OF TRADE.

89

JONATHAN BIGELOW, merchant and legislator,
was born in Conway, Mass., his American ancestry
going back to the seventeenth century, when it was
represented by John Bigelow, who settled in Watertown
in 1632 ; and Mr. Bigelow has been present at many
happy reunions of the family. He was born Jan. 1,
1825, and is the oldest of a family of ten children.
When nine years of age, he left home to reside with his
uncle in Charlestown, who was engaged in the butcher
business. On his
relative's removal to
Brighton, he accom-
p a n i e d him and
assisted him on the
farm. It was here
that his predilection
for intellectual pur
suits became appar
ent. He attended
school during the
winter months, and
took advantage
of every opportunity
for the acquisition of
knowledge. When
nineteen years o f
age he accepted a
position to teach
school in Screven
County, Central
Georgia, sixty miles
from Savannah. This
was in 1844, and an
idea of Southern
customs and of slav
ery before the war
was thus obtained.
Being personally ac
quainted both with
Northern and South
ern characteristics, he could impartially judge in refer
ence to the question of slavery. In 1845 he returned
North and established a boot and shoe business in Rox
bury. This was successfully carried on for ten years.
Mr. Bigelow's desire was, however, to be in a business
which would allow him leisure during the evenings, and,
as he had studied the produce commission trade, he was
well qualified to go into that business. Accordingly, in
1857, he established the present business at No. 3 North

JONATHAN BIGELOW.

Market Street, removing later to No. 25 North Maiket
Street, and in 1859 to the present site. The business
was first known as Perry & Bigelow, then by its present
title, Jonathan Bigelow & Co., subsequently as Bigelow,
Maynard & Magee, then Bigelow & Magee, resuming its
present style again in 1865. By the above data it will
be seen that Mr. Bigelow has been on North Market
Street thirty-five years, and he is one of the very few
produce commission merchants who, as an original
partner, has been on
one street that length
of time. This is one
of the oldest houses
in Boston, and has
always paid one hun
dred cents on the
dollar. Mr. Bigelow
is a representative
merchant of the
United States, re
ceiving consign
ments from more
than thirty of the dif-
ferent States, not
counting the prov
inces. He is re
spected and es
teemed by all who
know him. He was
elected to the Leg
islature for 1887
from the sixteenth
Middlesex represen
tative district, h e
being a resident of
Watertown. During
the year he presented
three important bills,
decidedly advanced
in their ideas, viz. :
for registration in dentistry ; for giving women who were
entitled to vote on school committees a right to vote on
the license question ; and for the removal of obstruc
tions to the entrance of gambling rooms. Both on the
floor, where Mr. Bigelow showed himself an able speaker,
and in committees, where the great bulk of the work is
clone, he worked for the best interests of the State. He
has always had much to do in the Unitarian Church and
Sunday School.

go

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

i

WALSTEIN R. CHESTER, president of the Bay
State Lumber Dealers' Association, was born
in New London, Conn., July 16, 1833. He comes of an
old colonial family, many of whose members played
prominent and heroic parts in the Revolutionary War,
and in the War of 181 2. One of his ancestors was
Captain Jason Chester, whose daughter Rebecca wit
nessed the slaughter of American troops by the British
at the fort in New London, when three of her brothers
(Mr. Chester's great
uncles) were killed.
Rebecca afterward
married Lieutenant
James Chester Reed,
who, on account of
his love for her, re
signed his commis
sion in the British
Army. Their son,
Captain James Ches-
ter Reed, com
manded the Ameri
can privateer, " Gen
eral Armstrong," in
the War of 181 2, and
at Fayal avenged the
death of his uncles.
Mr. Chester's great
grandfather was a
paymaster in the
Revolutionary War.
Two of Mr. Ches
ter's brothers in
herited the naval
spirit of their ances
tors, one of them,
Colby M., being the
commandant of the
cadets of the United
States Naval Acad
emy, and the other having been a lieutenant in the
revenue marine service. Their parents were Melville
and Frances (Harris) Chester. Walstein R. Chester
obtained his education at the Bartlett Grammar School
in New London, and later was associated with his father
in the lumber business in that city, remaining there until
i860. In 1862 he married Marietta C. Carr, daughter
of Henry W. Carr, of Brookline, Mass., and in 1865
moved to Brookline, where he has since resided. He

WALSTEIN R. CHESTER.

has been in the wholesale lumber business in Boston
for the last few years, under the firm name of Walstein
R. Chester & Co. Mr. Chester is prominently indenti-
fied with the lumber interests of New England. He
was one of the organizers of the Bay State Lumber
Dealers' Association, which has accomplished so much
in promoting the welfare of the trade. Mr. Chester is
the delegate of the association to the Boston Associated
Board of Trade, and also to the Massachusetts Board
of Trade. He is the
Boston representa
tive of many large
lumber mills in
Maine and Canada.
His other business
interests include a
directorship in the
Davol Mills of Fall
River, and he has
also been a director
in the Somerset and
Johnsonburg Pottery
Company of Penn
sylvania, one of the
largest concerns of
its kind in the State.
Mr. Chester has long
been prominent in
the business affairs
of his town, and
also in the local and
State politics of
Massachusetts. For
five years he was
chairman of the
Brookline Republi
can Town Commit
tee, and for about
the same length of
time was president
of the Brookline Republican Club, one of the vigorous
political organizations of the State. He is also a mem
ber of the Boston Home Market Club. Mr. Chester
has achieved eminent success in his business affairs
and is held in the highest esteem by all his associates.
He has steadily declined to be a candidate for public
office, though nominations have often been proffered to
him. Mr. Chester's family consists of his wife and three
children, one son and two daughters.

BOSTON BOARD OF TRADE.

91

EDWARD H. HASKELL, one of the best known
men in the paper trade of Boston, was born in
Gloucester, Oct. 5, 1845, the son of William H. and
Mary (Smith) Haskell. He attended the common and
high schools, and, in 1859, took up the profession of
journalism in the office of the Gloucester Telegraph.
On Sept. 28, 1 86 1, he enlisted in Company C, Twenty-
third Regiment, Massachusetts Volunteers. In Decem
ber he was ordered to special duty with the Signal
Corps of the Burn-
side expedition.
His first engage
ments were at Roan
oke Island, Newbern
(where he was
slightly wounded),
and at Fort Macon.
In 1862 he was
ordered to the Army
of the Potomac, and
was soon transferred
to the army of Gen
eral Pope in Virginia
and participated in
the engagements at
Cedar Mountain,
Kelly's Ford, Rappa
hannock Station,
Manassas Junction,
and Bull Run. From
September, 1862, to
August, 1863, he was
an instructor in signal
service at the Camp
of Instruction at
Georgetown, D. C,
taking part in short
campaigns against
General Lee's army.
In the East Tennes
see campaign of the following winter he was with General
Burnside at the siege of Knoxville, and in June, 1864, he
was ordered to report to General Schofield, then with Gen
eral Sherman in Georgia. He was almost continuously
under fire at Kenesaw Mountain, Marietta, and in the
investment of Atlanta. Upon his return to Gloucester
he re-entered the office of the Gloucester Telegraph,
which he was forced to leave after two years because of
failing health, when he entered mercantile life. In

EDWARD H. HASKELL.

1875 he became interested in the paper trade, and soon
laid the foundation of his present large and successful
business. He is also interested in the manufacture of
paper of various grades, and is treasurer of the Rumford
Falls Paper Company, whose mills are destined to be
the leading newspaper mills of the country. His high
standing in the trade led to his selection as president of
the Boston Paper Trade Association, and he has been,
and is, an active member of the Associated Board of
Trade of Boston. In
1877 Colonel Has
kell was elected to
the Legislature from
Gloucester, and in
1880 he was ap
pointed assistant
adjutant-general on
the staff of Governor
Long, and served in
that capacity three
years. In 1879 he
was elected secretary
of the Republican
State Committee,
and rendered valu
able services in that
office during four
years. In 1880, and
also in 1884, he was
a delegate to the
National Republican
Convention in Chi
cago. In 1882, he
was elected coun
cillor from the fifth
district, and served
with Governor But
ler. Two years later
he was the senior
member of Governor
Robinson's council. As chairman of the Finance Com
mittee of the encampment of the Grand Army of the
Republic in Boston, in 1890, Colonel Haskell rendered
valuable aid. In the military and in the business circles
of the city he is equally popular. Colonel Haskell was
married June 27, 1866, to Hattie J., daughter of William
and Sarah H. Munsey, who, with their family of one
son and two daughters, now reside at their beautiful
home in Newton.

92

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

THE vital importance of medicine in the homes of
the people places the wholesale drug trade in the
front ranks of commercial and industrial pursuits, apart
from the enormous capital invested in it. Boston is the
centre of this trade for Massachusetts, and is also the
point from which drugs and medicines are distributed
throughout New England. It is appropriate, therefore,
that this branch of commerce should hold a place in
this work, and that its selected representative should be
a Bostonian. Mr.
Charles A. West, the
recipient of this
honor, ranks high
among druggists, be
ing president of the
Boston Druggists'
Association and trus
tee of the Massachu
setts College of Phar
macy ; the last named
position has been
held by him for the
past three years. His
business house, West
& Jenney, Broad
Street, corner of
Franklin, is young in
years, but it controls
the greatest import
ing business of any
firm in the New Eng
land trade. Mr. West
was born in Boston
April 4, 1850. After
studying in the pub
lic grammar and
English High schools
he went to work as
an office boy in the
wholesale drug house
of Reed, Cutler & Co., now Cutler Bros. & Co., and
gradually rose to positions of trust and confidence. In
January, 1887, in company vvith a fellow-salesman, Mr.
Bernard Jenney, Jr., he established the firm of which he
is now the senior partner. Both members of the firm
were popular in the trade, and their new house immedi
ately sprang into astonishing favor. By skilful manage
ment these gentlemen acquired note as importers, and
incidentally secured supremacy in the camphor business

CHARLES A. WEST

of New England. To-day, they own two camphor
refineries, a factory for subliming camphor, a phar
maceutical laboratory, and an immense warehouse.
They are also among the principal holders of stock in
the Dana Sarsaparilla Company, which manufactures a
preparation having a permanent hold upon public favor.
Agencies are maintained in every large centre of com
merce in the world. Mr. West is devoted to the exact
ing duties of his large business, and he is pre-eminently
one of that class of
men who have abso
lutely no time for the
duties of public life.
Consequently, he has
never permitted him
self to be led into
public affairs, al
though often solici
ted by his friends
and neighbors, i n
the city of his resi
dence, Somerville,
the pleasant suburb
of Boston. Mr. West
is connected with all
of the prominent
associations of his
trade, among which
are the National
Wholesale Druggists'
Association and the
American Pharma
ceutical Association.
Both of these organ
izations have re
ceived benefit from
his willing work and
ready brain. With
his family — a wife
a 11 d daughter — he
occupies a prominent social position in Somerville. He
is the president of the most exclusive social organization
of that city, the Central Club, whose house is the scene
of many pleasant gatherings of ladies and gentlemen
during the winter months of each year. As trustee of
the public library of Somerville he has done much to
increase its usefulness, and he lends his active and ener
getic aid to every movement that contemplates the bet
terment of the town.

BOSTON BOARD OF TRADE.

93

THE New England Furniture Exchange is one of the
most efficient business men's organizations in the
country. It was organized in 1874, at a time when
there were a great many failures in the trade, and when
the manufacturers began to see the necessity of check
ing the growth of certain evils. One of the incorpora
tors of the exchange in 1879, and its president in 1890
and 1 89 1, is Frank A. Brown. Before his election to
the presidency he had been treasurer of the exchange
for ten years. He
was born in Boston,
June 1, 1839, the _.
son of Francis and
Elizabeth (Herman)
Brown. He was
educated in the
schools of Chelsea,
and, at the age of
thirteen, went to
work as clerk in the
Suffolk Bank, Boston.
Here he remained
ten years, and in
1862 enlisted as
private in Company
G, Fortieth Massa
chusetts Infantry,
serving in the Armies
of the Potomac, the
James and the De
partment of Florida.
He was in every
battle and in four
sieges, in which his
regiment partici
pated, and was pro
moted to lieutenant.
During the whole
three years of his
field service he never
lost a day's duty. On returning to Boston, in 1865, he
became bookkeeper for Woodbury & Gray, furniture
manufacturers, and remained with them three years.
Then he went to Buckley & Bancroft as salesman for
one year, and in 1869 formed a partnership with Arthur
McArthur, under the firm name of McArthur & Brown.
The firm manufactured parlor furniture, and at first was
located on Haverhill Street, moving subsequently to the
corner of Portland and Travers streets. The firm dis-

FRANK A. BROWN

solved in 1872, since which time Mr. Brown carried on
the business alone until July 1, 1891, when his son-in-
law, Mr. Fred S. Belding, was admitted to the firm. In
1875 he moved to No. 87 Union Street, his present loca
tion. Since 1872 the style of the firm has been F. A.
Brown & Co. He manufactures fine parlor furniture,
and has established one of the most enviable business
reputations in all New England. He is treasurer of the
Boston Furniture Club, in which he has taken a promi
nent part since its
organization. On all
 matters relating to
the furniture trade
Mr. Brown is con
sidered an excellent
authority, as he is
thoroughly informed.
H aving been one
of the most active
members of the
New England Fur-
niture Exchange
almost since the day
it was formed, he is
widely known in the
furniture trade of the
country. The ex
change includes all
the furniture manu
facturers of promi
nence in New Eng
land. Mr. Brown is
also a member of the
Ancient Order of
United Workmen,
and of the Royal
Arcanum. Mr.
Brown was married,
in i860, to Miss
Mary E. Lewis, of
Chelsea, Mass. They have one daughter living, who is
married. Mr. Brown has a pleasant home in Newton,
Mass. He is a most affable gentleman, and is very
popular in social circles. He is still in the prime of his
powers, and is one of the best representatives of New
England business character. Mr. Brown has never
sought political honors, being engrossed in business, and
preferring the quietness of his family arid social life to
the turmoil of a political career.

94

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

FRANK L. YOUNG, one of the most prominent
members of the Boston Board of Trade, stands at
the head of what is believed to be the largest oil manu
facturing house in the United States. Mr. Young is a
native of the neighboring State of Rhode Island, having
been born at Slatersville in that State, Nov. 20, 1852.
While he was still a child his parents moved to Milford,
Mass., and in the schools of that thriving manufacturing
town and the neighboring one of Hopedale, Mr. Young
received his early
education. His fam
ily were in humble
circumstances, and
it is his proud boast
to-day, when he is
in affluent circum
stances, that it is to
New England grit
and perseverance he
owes the fact that he
was enabled to secure
for himself a collegi
ate education. After
receiving h i s pre
paratory training in
the schools of his
own home, he en
tered Brown Univer
sity, from which he
was graduated in the
class of 1874. On
leaving college, he
at once devoted him
self to business pur
suits, entering the
oil trade, and he is
now one of the most
widely known and
extensive dealers in
that commodity in
this country. Gradually, and without any financial
assistance whatever, he built up his business until it
reached the vast proportions which it has assumed at the
present time. Mr. Young has extensive dealings with
the currier, mill and other trades. He handles also other
kindred products besides oils, and owns an immense
and well appointed store in Boston, which is said to be
the largest and best equipped of its kind in America.
It is located on Purchase Street. He has, in addition to

FRANK L. YOUNG

this store, a factory at South Boston, which covers up
wards of two thirds of an acre of ground in one build
ing, besides a considerable extent of yard room for the
storage of his goods. Mr. Young is likewise extensively
engaged in the manufacturing and refining business, the
products of which he sells in every market throughout
the United States, in addition to doing a very large for
eign export trade. His oils have long been known and
regarded with favor by dealers for their excellent proper
ties. Associated with
him in business, as
special partner, i s
General William F.
Draper of Hopedale.
Mr. Young is very
well known and
popular among the
members of the
trade, and among
business men gen
erally, as was evi
denced by the fact
that he was elected
president of the Oil
Trade Association,
the membership of
which practically in
cludes every large
dealer in the oil
trade in the New
England States. He
is also a director of
several manufactur
ing corporations, as
well as a member of
the Boston Associ
ated Board of Trade.
Mr Young is some
thing of a club man,
being connected with
the University and other clubs, where his genial nature
and good-fellowship have served to make him a general
favorite. He exemplifies as perfectly as any business
man in Boston that type of strong, self-reliant character
which surmounts all obstacles, and, with no aid from
external sources, but depending solely on his own pow
ers, achieves a most remarkable and thoroughly deserved
success. Mr. Young's family consists of his wife, three
sons, and a daughter, who reside with him in Boston.

BOSTON BOARD OF TRADE.

95

A STRIKING feature in the commercial life of
Boston within the last ten years has been the
removal of barriers that formerly separated men in
the same line of business. A competitor was once an
enemy, with whom no relations were to be held, and
who was not even to be recognized on the street. Busi
ness men, however, have learned the advantages of
getting acquainted with their rivals and have found the
utility of trade clubs. One of the first of these organi
zations was the Dry-
salters' Club of New
England, composed
of manufacturers and
dealers in dyestuffs
and chemicals. This
club was forttied in
March, 1885, by
Henry D. Dupee and
about a dozen other
gentlemen in the
same line of business.
Mr. Dupee was its
first president, and
has been four times
re-elected to that
office. Ever since
i t s formation the
club has been one of
the most influential
of the many trade
organizations in Bos
ton, having represen
tation in the Associ
ated Board of Trade
and in the Executive
Business Men's As
sociation. Mr.
Dupee is of Hugue
not descent, his an
cestors, the Dupuis
family, coming to Boston about the year 1700, soon
after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. John
Dupuis, the first settler of the family in America, was
elder of the old Huguenot church in Boston. The
spelling of the family name was changed to Dupee, in
order to preserve, as far as possible, its French pronun
ciation. Mr. Dupee's paternal great-grandfather was
a captain in the Revolutionary War under General
Washington, and his maternal great-grandfather was

killed at the battle of Bunker Hill. Mr. Dupee was
born in Dorchester, June 28, 1848, the son of James A.
and Elizabeth (Baldwin) Dupee. His father was a
noted Boston banker. After studying in public and
private schools, in Roxbury, Brookline, and Boston, he
entered the Military Academy at Worcester, and subse
quently went to the old Park Latin School in Boston,
where he remained one year. In 1865, having deter
mined to learn the chemical, paint and oil business, he
went to work for
Thayer, Babson &
Co., of Kilby Street.
He remained three
years with this firm,
and then went to the
Boston Diatite Com
pany, of which, one
year later, at the age
of twenty-one, h e
was made superin
tendent. Severing
his connection with
this company in
1870, he went into
business on his own
account as broker
and commission
merchant in dye-
stuffs, and in 187 1
began, in a small
way, the manufacture
of colors. His busi
ness developing, he
built the factory at
Walpole, which now
covers four acres and
is devoted to the
manufacture of a
great variety of dye-
stuffs and chemicals.
It has the reputation of being the best appointed plant
of its kind in the country. Mr. Dupee is a trustee of
several private estates ; of the Massachusetts Charitable
Mechanic Association ; director in several manufac
turing corporations ; and past master of the Lodge of
Eleusis, F. and A. M. ; member of St. Bernard Com-
mandery, Knights Templars ; of the Union, Athletic,
and other social clubs. He was married in 1872 to
Mary I. Sumner. They have two children.

HENRY D. DUPEE.

96

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

THE Boston Fruit and Produce Exchange is one of
the most efficient and vigorous organizations of
business men in the city. It is alive to all the interests
of Boston, and its influence has largely helped to secure
better transportation facilities between Boston and the
West and South. Its president is Charles G. Roberts,
who was born in Lyman, Me., in 1846. He comes of
Revolutionary stock on both his father's and mother's
side. His paternal and maternal great-grandfathers
were both soldiers in
the Revolutionary
War, and both served
with distinction, the
former enlisting when
he was twenty-one
and being in the
battle of Bunker
Hill. He died at
the age of ninety-
four. Mr. Roberts's
ancestors came from
England and settled
near Dover, N. H.,
from where his great
grandfather moved
to Lyman, Me., and
took a farm, which
still remains in the
Roberts family.
The old house, which
was built about
ninety years ago, is
standing yet, and is
now occupied by the
fourth generation.
Mr. Roberts received
his education in the
public schools of his
native town, and in
private schools.
When about eighteen years of age he left home and
came to Boston, and became connected with N. Boyn-
ton & Co., the well-known cotton-duck house. This
was in January, 1867. To the experience he received
while in the employment of this house he owes much of
his future success. He remained with N. Boynton &
Co. four years, and then engaged as salesman for the
firm of Bennett, Rand & Co., produce commission
merchants. This situation he held for eleven years,

CHARLES G. ROBERTS.

being very highly esteemed by his employers and by all
his business associates. In 1882 he severed his connec
tion with Bennett, Rand & Co., and formed a partner
ship with Mr. Patch, under the firm name of Patch &
Roberts, which relation still continues. The firm has
established and maintains a high reputation among the
merchants of Boston. They are heavy receivers of
butter, eggs, and poultry from the West, as well as being
the largest receivers in New England of pineapples
direct from the
grower. The firm's
name is known all
through the South
as solid and safe
consignees of fruit
and produce. Mr.
Roberts is a promi
nent member of the
Boston Chamber of
Commerce, and is
one of the charter
members of the Bos
ton Fruit and Pro
duce Exchange, in
which he has always
been a faithful
worker, and of which
he was elected pres
ident in January,
1892. Mr. Roberts
resides in Chelsea,
and there he has
always taken a lively
interest in municipal
affairs. He was
twice elected to the
Common Council of
Chelsea, and for
three years he served
on the Board of
Aldermen. In this capacity he brought his excellent
business instincts to bear on municipal matters, and was
enabled to serve the city both with honor to himself and
with profit to his constituents. Mr. Roberts isa charter
member of the Commonwealth Lodge of Odd Fellows
of Boston, a member of Robert Lash Lodge of Free
Masons, the Royal Arcanum and the Chelsea Review
Club. In 1873 he married Miss Serena Ann Morgan,
of Surry, Me. They have two children.

BOSTON BOARD OF TRADE.

97

EUSTACE CAREY FITZ has become widely known
as one of the most public-spirited and soundest
business men in Massachusetts. He is the senior mem
ber of the firm of Fitz, Dana & Co., of Boston, iron
and steel merchants, with which firm he has been con
nected for more than a quarter of a century. He is
also identified with some of the largest business corpo
rations of the city and State, and is now a director of
the New York and New England Railroad Company,
the West End Street
Railway Company,
and president of the
Blackstone National
Bank of Boston.
He was born in
Haverhill, Mass., on
Feb. 5, 1833, being
the son of Jeremiah
and Hannah Eaton
Fitz. When he was
but a year old his
parents came to
Boston, and in 1841
removed to Chelsea.
Nearly all his life
he has made the
latter city his home,
and its citizens have
repeatedly honored
him with positions
of high responsibility
and trust, all of
which he has filled
with credit to him
self and his city.
He attended the
public schools of
Chelsea and gradu
ated from the High
School. On Jan. 10,
1856, he was married to Sarah Jane, daughter of Alfred
and Margaret C. Blanchard, of Chelsea, and made his
home in Cambridge. Three years later he returned to
Chelsea. He was elected to the Chelsea Common
Council of 1861, and re-elected for two succeeding
years, and during those last two terms he was president
of that body. He was called from the council to be
mayor of the city, serving as such during the years 1864,
1865, and 1866. His services in the city government

EUSTACE CAREY FITZ.

of Chelsea were right in the midst of the critical war
period, when the soundest judgment was demanded.
As mayor of the city he was a strong supporter of Gov
ernor Andrew, and did much to keep intact the fair
name of Massachusetts. Mr. Fitz contributed liberally
of his means for the Union cause. For eighteen years
he was a trustee, and most of the time chairman of the
Chelsea Public Library, and at the end of that long
period, in 1885, he presented to his adopted city a
handsome, commo
dious library build
ing, costing upwards
of $25,000. The
picture accompany
ing this sketch is
taken from a life-
size portrait of Mr.
Fitz, painted by
Robert G. Hardie,
on the order of the
city of Chelsea, at a
cost of $1,200, and
which now hangs in
the Public Library.
The City Council of
Chelsea, in 1889,
changed the name
of the Chelsea Pub
lic Library to the
"Fitz Public Library
of Chelsea." Mr.
Fitz served in the
House of Represen
tatives in 1873 and
1874, in the Senate
in 1875 and 1876,
and in the Gov
ernor's Council in
1881 and 1882. He
was for five years
chairman of the Prison Commissioners. In religion he
is a Baptist, and contributed largely to the erection of
the Cary Avenue Baptist Church in Chelsea. He is
president of the trustees of the Newton Theological
Institution, and has been president of both the Boston
Merchants' Club and the Boston Board of Trade. Amid
the cares of an active business career, Mr. Fitz has
found time to devote to those larger public interests
that have increased the welfare of his chosen home.

98

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

WILLIAM WHITMAN, ex-president of the
National Association of Wool Manufacturers
and treasurer of the Arlington Mills, is an authority
upon all economic questions relating to our national
commerce and industries. He was born at Annapolis,
N. S., May 9, 1842. He is a descendant in the eighth
generation from John Whitman, of Weymouth, Mass.
Before the Revolution his great-grandfather moved to
Nova Scotia, where his father, John, married Rebecca
Cutler, a descendant
of Ebenezer Cutler,
one of the most con-
spicuous of the
Loyalists who mi
grated from Boston
in 1776. William
Whitman attended
the Annapolis Acad
emy five years, leav
ing school in his
eleventh year and
going to St. John,
N. B., where he ob
tained employment
in a dry goods store.
Two years later he
came to Boston as
entry clerk in the
wholesale dry goods
house of James M.
Beebe & Co., with
whom he remained
until 1867. In that
year he became asso
ciated with the firm
of Robert M. Bailey
& Co., who were
interested in the
rebuilding of the
Arlington Mills,
which had been destroyed by fire the year before. Mr.
Whitman was made the treasurer of the mills in the
same year, but in 1869 he resigned this post, purchased
a woollen mill in Ashland, N. H., and engaged in the
manufacture of flannels. Meanwhile he resumed the
treasurership of the Arlington Mills at the urgent solici
tation of the directors, after an interval of but a few
months, and he has remained in this position ever
since, acting also as the managing director of the mills.

WILLIAM WHITMAN

Under his administration the Arlington Mills have
developed until they have become one of the largest
establishments manufacturing wool and cotton in the
United States, employing three thousand hands, and
consuming annually ten million pounds of wool and five
thousand bales of cotton. The products of the mills
are fine worsted and cotton yarns, and ladies' dress
goods in great variety. The dozen buildings of the
plant have a floor area of more than twenty acres, and
are among the finest
specimens of mill
architecture to be
found in the world.
The Arlington Mills
are a monument to
the ability and enter
prise of their direc
tor. In 1887, he be
came a member of
the firm of Harding,
Colby & Co., of Bos
ton and New York,
now Harding, Whit
man & Co. Mr.
Whitman m ar rie d
Jane D. Hallett, Jan.
19, 1865, and has
four sons and three
daughters. He has
been prominent in
many commercial and
social organizations
in Boston. A strong
Republican and
active in the coun
cils of the party, he
has declined all polit
ical preferment.
His public life has
been confined chiefly
to economic work in connection with the National
Association of Wool Manufacturers, of which he was
president from 1884 to 1892. He has devoted much
time to promoting the interests of the woollen manufac
ture in the United States, having made a special study
of the revenue system. The results of his study have
appeared in the quarterly bulletin of the association and
in separate publications, and have placed him in the
front rank among the advocates of the protective policy.

BOSTON.

99

THE law now upon the statute books of Massachu
setts prohibiting the adulteration of food and
medicine has proved in its practical working a great
boon. The earliest advocate of this legislation was
Charles Eckley Moody, who in the conduct of his
wholesale grocery business, had found daily evidence of
the growing danger from adulterated and impure food,
and who, sacrificing the temporary gain which might
have come from silence, began single-handed the agita
tion which resulted
in success. Others
had spoken, perhaps,
before him, of the
increasing practice
of adulteration, but
Mr. Moody not only
talked up the matter
among the mer
chants, but carried
his ideas to Beacon
Hill, urged them
upon the law-makers,
framed a bill of his
own, and finally se
cured the enactment
of the law, — both
the idea and the lan
guage of which are
practically his. The
life of Charles Eck
ley Moody, could it
be told in all its
details here, would
be good r ead-
ing for the boys of
the present day.
Born in Bath, Me.,
the son of John
Minot and Mary
(Boynton) Moody,
he came to Boston to make his own way when he was
but fifteen years of age. Two weeks after his arrival
here, he obtained employment, unaided, in the store of
Silas Peirce & Co., on Elm Street. The same devotion
to the work at hand which later found fruition in the
contest against impure foods, was characteristic of him
as a boy, and after years of appreciated service, he was
admitted as a member of the firm of Silas Peirce & Co.
Here he continued until 1868, when, withdrawing from

CHARLES E. MOODY

the firm, he established the house of Charles E. Moody
& Co. on the site where it now stands, No. 77 Com
mercial Street. Of Mr. Moody's business methods and
success since then, the standing of his firm to-day is its
own report. Mr. Moody, until a few years ago, was
interested in the sugar trade, as well as in his own
grocery house, and in this connection an incident illus
trative of his business practices may be told. During
the last week of each year, Mr. Moody's creditors always
received letters ask
ing that their bills be
submitted at once,
these requests by mail
being supplemented
by personal calls in
cases where the cred
itors did not respond
promptly. Then on
New Year's Eve of
each year, Mr.
Moody and his part
ner met, and before
leaving the office
that night every pos
sible claim against
the firm had been
liquidated. A man
of wide sympathies
and unostentatious
charity, Mr. Moody
has devoted not a
little of his time and
money of later years
to works of benefi
cence. Himself the
son of a ship-builder,
he is greatly inter
ested in shipping,
both foreign and
coastwise ; is a mem _
ber of the American Shipping and Industrial League ;
the Home Market Club, the Pine Tree State Club, the
Commercial Club, the Chamber of Commerce, the
Wholesale Grocers' Association, and is a director in
several corporations. Through his efforts in the direc
tion of practical legislation in the vital matter of pure
food and medicine, a question far reaching and lasting
in its effects, Mr. Moody has crowned a career that has
proved alike useful and honorable.

loo

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY,

1 83 1, and soon after entered
From 1834 to 1840 he served

FEW men who have been conspicuous in Massachu
setts and the United States bear so well at a ripe
old age in mind and body the honors they have won as
the Hon. Robert Charles Winthrop. The youngest
son of Thomas Lindall Winthrop, he was born in
Boston, May 12, 1809, and was graduated at Harvard
in 1828. He studied law with Daniel Webster, was
admitted to the bar in
public life as a Whig.
his State in the
House of Represen
tatives, of which he
was speaker in 1S38,
1839, and 1840. He
was elected to Con
gress in the last-
n a m e d year, a n d
served there with
distinction ten years.
In 1S47-49 he was
speaker of the
House, but was de
feated for a second
term by a plurality
of two, after a con
test of three weeks.
In 1850, he was ap
pointed by the gov
ernor to Daniel
Webster's seat in the
Senate, when the
latter became Secre
tary of State. His
conservatism on the
slavery question
caused his defeat for
the succession by a
coalition of Demo
crats and Free Soil-
ers in the Legislature,
after six weeks' balloting. In 1851, he received a large
plurality of votes for the governorship, but the majority
rule threw the election into the Legislature. Mr. Win
throp declined to run again, and has since devoted his
time to literary, historical, and philanthropic occupa
tions. He did not, however, altogether relinquish his
political duties, but spoke eloquently for se\ eral candi
dates for the presidency, — Winfield Scott in 1852,
Millard Fillmore in 1856, John Bell in i860, and Gen

eral McClellan in 1864. Four volumes of his "Addresses
and Speeches" contain those on the laying of the
corner-stone of the national monument to Washington
in 1848 and on the completion of that monument in
1885, and the oration on the hundredth anniversary of
the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, all by invita
tion of Congress ; the address to the alumni of Harvard
in 1857; an oration on the two hundred and fiftieth
anniversary of the landing of the Pilgrims, in 1870; the
Boston centennial
oration, July 4, 1876 ;
and an address on
unveiling the statue
of Colonel Prescott
on Bunker Hill in
1 88 1. Mr. Winthrop
is also popularly re
nt e m b e r e d for his
shorter speeches,
particularly those of
a patriotic nature, on
Boston Common
during the Civil War,
while his brief trib
utes to John Quincy
Adams, John C. Cal
houn, Edward Ever
ett, Daniel Webster,
Abraham Lincoln
and other eminent
men, are character
ized as models of
graceful and discrim
inating eulogy. He
is the author of
"The Life and Let
ters of John Win
throp " (1864), and
" Washington, Bow-
doin, and Franklin"
(1876). He was the counsellor of George Peabody in
several of his great benefactions, and has been from the
outset the head of the trust for Southern education. He
was president for a quarter of a century of the Boston
Provident Association, for thirty years of the Massachu
setts Historical Society, and for eight years of the Har
vard Alumni Association. Mr. Winthrop's long and hon
orable career and wide experience of affairs constitutes
him a veteran whom Massachusetts delights to honor.

ROBERT C. WINTHROP.

BOSTON.

IOI

GEORGE EDWARD ELLIS, D.D., LL.D., the presi
dent of the Massachusetts Historical Society, was
born in Boston, Aug. 8, 1814. He graduated at Harvard
in 1833, and from the Divinity School in 1836. He
made a year's tour of Europe, and was ordained March
11, 1 840, as pastor of Harvard Unitarian Church, Charles
town, Mass. From 1857 to 1863 he was professor of
systematic theology in Harvard Divinity School. In
1864 he delivered before the Lowell Institute of Boston
a course of lectures
on the " Evidences
of Christianity"; in
1 87 1, a course on the
" Provincial History
of Massachusetts,"
and in 1879, a course
on "The Red Men
and the White Men
in North America."
He resigned the pas
torate of Harvard
Church on Feb. 2,
1869. Mr. Ellis was
at one time tempo
rary editor of the
Christian Register
and afterward joint
editor vvith Rev.
George Putnam,
D. D., and subse
quently sole editor
of the Chris ti a n
Examiner for several
years. He has been
vice-president of the
Massachusetts His
torical Society, and
is now. (1892) presi
dent. He was a
member of the board
of overseers of Harvard College in 1850-54, serving for
one year as its secretary. Harvard gave him the degree
of D. D. in 1857, and that of LL. D. in 1883. Mr. Ellis
was the third person who has received both these degrees
from Harvard. He has published lives of John Mason
(1844), Anne Hutchinson (1845), and William Penn
(1847), in Sparks' American Biography; "Half Century
of the Unitarian Controversy" ( 185 1) ; "Memoir of
Dr. Luther V. BeU" (1863) ; "The Aims and Purposes

GEORGE E. ELLIS

of the Founders of Massachusetts, and Their Treatment
of Intruders and Dissentients" (1865); "Life of
Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford," in connection
with an edition of Count Rumford's complete works
issued by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
(1871) ; "History of the Massachusetts General Hos
pital" (1872) ; "History of the Battle of Bunker Hill "
(1875) > an "Address on the Centennial of the Evacua
tion of the British Army, with an Account of the Siege
of Boston" (1876) ;
"Memoir of Charles
W.Upham" (1877) ;
" Memoir of Jacob
Bigelow" (1880);
" Memoir of Nathan
iel Thayer" (1885) ;
and numerous ad
dresses and sermons.
He also wrote for the
American Academy
and the Historical
Society, memoirs of
Charles Wentworth
Upham and Edward
Wigglesworth ( 1 8 7 7 ) ,
and of George Rum
ford Baldwin. Mr.
Ellis wrote three his
torical chapters for
the "Memorial His
tory of Boston"
( 1 880-1) ; "The Red
Man and the White
Man in North Amer
ica " (1882); an
"Address on the
Eighty-second Anni
versary of the New
York Historical So
ciety " (1886) ; "The
Religious Element in New England," and five other
chapters in the " Narrative and Critical History of
America" (1826); and several articles for the ninth
edition of the " Encyclopaedia Britannica," and has
contributed to periodicals and the daily papers when
occasion moved him thus to do. He published in 1880
" The Puritan Age and Rule in the Colony of Massachu
setts Bay." He delivered in 1884 the address at the
unveiling of the statue of John Harvard at the college.

102

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

FRANCIS PARKMAN, author and first vice-presi
dent of the Massachusetts Historical Society, the
son of Francis Parkman, clergyman, was born in Boston,
Sept. 16, 1823, and was graduated at Harvard in 1844.
He studied law two years, but abandoned the profession
for travel, of which he had become fond after a vacation
trip to Europe. In 1845 he set out to explore the
Rocky Mountains, and lived several months among the
Dakotah Indians and the still wilder and more remote
tribes. He there en
dured hardships and
privations that made
him an invalid. An
account of this expe
dition was given in a
series of articles in
the " Knickerbocker
Magazine," which
were subsequently
collected and pub
lished in book form.
H e afterward e n -
gaged in literary
work almost exclu
sively, and notwith
standing his impaired
health, accompanied
by partial blindness,
has attained high
rank as an historian
and essayist. Mr.
Parkman visited
France in 1858, 1868,
1872, 1880, and 1881,
to examine French
archives in connec
tion with his histori
cal labors. In 187 1-2
he was professor of
horticulture in the
agricultural school of Harvard. His chief work has
been a series of volumes intended to illustrate the rise
and fall of the French power in America, which are
distinguished for brilliant style and accurate research.
Mr. Parkman has recently completed the New France
series, covering the period between 1700 and 1750.
This, with a few additions to earlier volumes, completes
the series, which forms one continuous work. His
publications are "The California and Oregon Trail"

FRANCIS PARKMAN.

(1849) ; "The Conspiracy of Pontiac " (Boston, 1851) ;
"Pioneers of France in the New World" (1865);
"The Book of Roses" (1866); "Jesuits in North
America" (1867) ; "La Salle and the Discovery of the
Great West" (1869); "The Old Regime in Canada
under Louis XIV." (1874); "Count Frontenac and
New France under Louis XIV." (1877) ; " Montcalm and
Wolfe " (two volumes, 1884) ; "The Arcadian Tragedy"
(" Harper's Magazine," 1884) ; "A Half Century of Con
flict — France and
England in North
America " (Boston,
1892) ; " Historic
Handbook of the
Northern Tour"
(Boston, 1885);
"Our Common
Schools" (Boston,
1890) ; "Some of
the Reasons against
W omen Suffrage " ;
and several other
historical works.
The "Atlantic
Monthly" has re
ceived many inter
esting contributions
from his pen. The
historic handbook in
the enumeration
above was suggested
to Mr. Parkman by
his friend and co
worker of the Massa
chusetts Historical
Society, Rev. Dr.
George E. Ellis, and
has proved of great
value to s u m m e r
tourists to Lake
George, Lake Champlain, Ticonderoga and Niagara, as
well as the Canadian frontier, giving them true history,
well digested, to offset false impressions of the pictur
esque areas so long in dispute between rival claimants, as
portrayed by prev ious careless and unscrupulous compil
ers of the warlike events of past eras. Dr. Parkman has
long been prominent in the social, literary, political and
• dub life of Boston. In 1863 he bore an important part
with Edward Everett in organizing the Union Club.

BOSTON.

103

CHARLES FRANCIS ADAMS, lawyer, second son
of Charles Francis Adams, diplomatist, was born
in Boston, May 27, 1835. He was graduated at Harvard
in 1856 and admitted to the bar in 1858. He served
in the army throughout the Civil War, entering it as first
lieutenant in the First Massachusetts Cavalry, under
Colonel Williams. He was promoted to a captaincy in
the same regiment, and was afterward transferred as
lieutenant-colonel to the Fifth Massachusetts Cavalry,
with Colonel Henry
S. Russell. On the
retirement of Colonel
Russell, Lieutenant-
Colonel Adams was
his successor as
colonel, and re
signed in the August
following the close
of the hostilities
with the brevet of
brigadier-general of
volunteers, his regi
ment afterward being
transferred to the
Mexican border to
watch the result of
the French invasion
and the Maximilian
episode. He has
since devoted his
attention chiefly to
railroad matters, and
in 1869 was ap
pointed a member of
the Board of Railroad
Commissioners
of Massachusetts. In
1 87 1, in connection
with his brother,
Henry Adams, he
published "Chapters on Erie and other Essays." He
has since published an instruction book on railway
accidents. He was elected in 1882 a member of the
board of overseers of Harvard College, and in 1884, was
chosen president of the Union Pacific Railway. He is
second vice-president of the Massachusetts Historical
Society. Mr. Adams has frequently been a contributor
to the "North American" and other reviews on railroad
and kindred matters. In 1883, he delivered addresses

*&

CHARLES FRANCIS ADAMS

on "The College Fetich," before the Phi Beta Kappa
Society, of Harvard; on "The Double Anniversary, '76
and '63," at Quincy, July 4 ; and an argument on the
federation of the railroad system before the Committee
on Commerce of the United States House of Represen
tatives, Feb. 27, 1880. His other contributions to rail
road literature are important and interesting. He is
also the author of "The Genesis of the Massachusetts
Town, and the Development of Town Meeting Govern
ment " (Cambridge,
1892). His contri
butions to history,
public and personal,
to political, educa
tional, and other
subjects of general
interest, are volumi
nous. Mr. Adams's
latest published work
is, " Three Episodes
of M a s s a ch u s e 1 1 s
History" (two vol
umes, Boston, 1892).
The divisions of the
work are : I. The
Settlement of Boston
Bay. II. The An-
tinomian Contro
versy. III. A Study
of Church and Town
Government. This
work clears up many
disputed points in
early provincial his
tory, the author hav
ing spent years in
research to fathom
what he has proved
to be misconcep
tions. Mr. Adams's
biography of Richard Henry Dana, the author of " Two
Years Before the Mast," in two volumes, is probably the
most popular and absorbing of his literary works. Mr.
Adams has always been averse to being nominated for
office where election was dependent upon the popular
vote ; not, however, from fear of defeat. He inherits
untrammelled independence of character from his ances
tors, Presidents John Adams and John Quincy Adams,
and from his father, the diplomat, Charles Francis Adams.

104

MA

SSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

V

AN indigenous, patriotic American of the best type,
with sympathies broad enough to include the
whole world, esteemed by his fellow-citizens and
beloved by thousands whom his philanthropy has aided,
— that describes Ex-Mayor Samuel Abbott Green and
the place he holds in the life of Boston. Humanita
rian, historian, and physician, he is one of those altruis
tic men whose purpose in life is to serve others, and
who accomplish that purpose. He comes of an old
New England family,
in whose veins the
blood of the stern
Puritan flows. Born
in Groton, Mass.,
March 16, 1830, his
father was Dr. Joshua
Green, who married
Eliza Lawrence, a
sister of Amos
and Abbott Law
rence. He studied
at Lawrence Acad
emy, Groton, a n d
graduated at Har
vard College in
1 85 1. A course at
the Harvard Medi
cal School followed,
after which he
studied medicine in
London and in Pans.
Returning to Boston,
he began practice
there, and became
one of the district
physicians in the
City Dispensary. At
the beginning of the
Civil War he was
commissioned assist
ant surgeon of the First Massachusetts Regiment, and
soon afterward was promoted to the surgeoncy of the
Twenty-fourth Massachusetts Regiment. For gallant
services on the field in 1864, he was brevetted lieutenant-
colonel of volunteers. He planned and organized, in
February, 1862, while in charge of the hospital of the
First Brigade, on Roanoke Island, North Carolina, the
Roanoke cemetery, the first regular burial-ground for the
Union dead in the war. After his return from the army,

X

he was for seven years superintendent of the Boston Dis
pensary. Dr. Green was a member of the Boston School
Committee in i860, and again from 1866 to 1872 ; trus
tee of the Public Library from 1868 to 1878, and acting
librarian one year. From 1871 till 1881, when he was
elected mayor, he was city physician of Boston. He
was elected mayor as the candidate of the Citizens
party and the Republicans. His administration, lasting
one year, was thoroughly unpartisan and not marked by
any notable events,
but the best interests
of the city were well
cared for. In 1883
he was elected a
trustee of the Pea
body Education
Fund, as well as sec
retary of the Board,
and from 1885 to
1888 was the acting
general agent. Since
1868 Dr. Green has
been librarian of the
Massachusetts His
torical Society. His
historical researches
have been extensive,
and his knowledge
of New England's
past and present is
broad and accurate.
He has been a vol-
u m inous writer,
among his publica
tions being a " His
tory of Medicine
in Massachusetts,"
" The Story of a Fa
mous Book," a trans
lation of Count de
Deux Ponts's " My Campaigns in America," and many
works relating to his native town. Dr. Green is a mem
ber of various historical societies, and is one of the
overseers of Harvard College. He kept up his practice
as a physician for years, and the poor knew him, not as
the grasping doctor who demanded his fee in advance,
but as one who was more likely to return half of the
proffered money to purchase luxuries for the invalid.
Dr. Green is unmarried.

SAMUEL ABBOTT GREEN.

BOSTON.

IOS

EX-CONGRESSMAN JOHN WILSON CANDLER
was born in Boston, Feb. 10, 1828, the son of
John and Susan (Wheelwright) Candler. The family is
of Saxon origin, and its two branches in Suffolk and
Essex were noted in the church and in the army.
Captain John Candler, the grandfather of John W.,
emigrated from Essex to Marblehead, and married
Abigail Helen Russell about the close of the Revolu
tionary "War. She was the descendant of a Huguenot
family and the
widow of Lieutenant
Thomas Russell, who
was next in com
mand of Captain
Mugford's privateer
when he captured
the British armed
ship which supplied
Washington' s arm y
about Boston with am
munition. Mugford
was killed. Captain
John Candler, Jr.,
the father of John
W., was an officer
on board the frigate
"Constitution," and
was with Commodore
Stewart in the same
vessel on his famous
cruise through the
British channel. Mr.
Candler was born
while his father was
in active business as
ship-builder and
merchant in Boston,
and was educated at
Marblehead Acad
emy and Dummer
Academy, finishing his course under the tuition of Rev.
A. Briggs, a Baptist minister of Schoharie Academy,
New York. After the death of his father, he became
clerk in a Boston house, the family removing, in 1849,
to Brookline, where he has since resided. For thirty-
two years he has been engaged in foreign trade as a
member of several firms of ship-owners, the present
style being John W. Candler & Co. The East and
West Indies and South Africa have been their field.

¦¦¦¦¦.7m*«::

JOHN WILSON CANDLER.

Mr. Candler's experience in foreign trade, and his
studious watchfulness of State and national politics
have made his services valuable in many ways. A warm
friend of Governor Andrew, he became one of his
strongest supporters during the Civil War. He was a
member of the Legislature of 1866, but declined to
serve a second term. He advocated a board of prison
commissioners from 1869 to 1873, and served many
years as its chairman. It was a philanthropic commis
sion, without com
pensation or emolu
ments. Mr. Candler
was prominent in the
National Board of
Trade, and was presi
dent of the Boston
Board of Trade two
years. He was presi
dent of the Commer
cial Club four years.
A liberal Republican,
he has advocated a
change of navigation
laws, a judicious re
vision of the tariff and
modification of many
commercial treaties.
In 1880 he was
elected to the Forty-
seventh Congress
from the eighth Mas
sachusetts district,
and in 1888 to the
Fifty-first Congress
from the ninth dis
trict, by a large ma
jority over Hon.
Edward Burnett, the
previous representa
tive. In this Con
gress Mr. Candler was the chairman of the World's
Fair Committee that reported favorably upon the act
giving national encouragement to the Columbian Expo
sition. That committee championed the passage of the
bill. If they had not done so with wisdom and ability,
there might not have been a quadricentennial fair in
Chicago in 1893. Mr. Candler opened and closed
the debate, and as chairman of the committee had
charge of the parliamentary proceedings.

io6

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

IN State Street, the "Wall Street of Boston, no name is
more familiar than that of E. Rollins Morse. This
gentleman entered State Street in the modest capacity
of clerk in 1862, now he is the president of the Boston
Stock Exchange. Mr. Morse was born in Boston in
1845, and from his childhood has shown a talent for
affairs financial. His first employment was with Rob
ert M. Pratt, who, in the sixties, conducted a promi
nent brokerage house in State Street. After serving
about six years at a
clerk's desk, Mr.
Morse, in 1868, es
tablished a stock
commission business
for himself at No.
27 State Street, and
a year later formed
the present firm of
E. Rollins Morse &
Brother, whose head
quarters are now a
splendid suite of of
fices on the ground
floor of the building
No. 38 State Street,
corner of Exchange
Street. In 1870,
Mr. Morse purchased
a seat in the Board.
Then his business
grew amazingly, and
in a few years he be
came aprominent
factor in State Street
affairs. When the
Stock Exchange was
in its old rooms, Mr.
Morse gave much of
his time to its inter
ests, serving terms on
the standing and governing committees, and soon after
the removal to its present magnificent quarters in the
Exchange Building he was made its president. He
was elected to that office in 1891, and re-elected in
1892, his immediate predecessor being A. W. Spencer.
A few years ago Mr. Morse's firm developed from a
strictly stock commission business, and became financiers
in the full sense of the term. This change was
primarily due to the fact that the firm was selected to

E. ROLLINS MORSE

manage Drexel, Morgan & Co.'s bond business in Bos
ton, a trust which was a fine tribute to the integrity
and the ability of E. Rollins Morse & Brother. Thirty
years in State Street have made Mr. Morse a broad-
minded, sagacious, yet prudent, financier, and he stands
as the type of the successful men of State Street in this
generation. As president of the Stock Exchange, he
has given great satisfaction to the members, and has
materially helped to develop the business of the Ex-
c hang e and to
strengthen its inter
ests along many
lines. He has never
held public elective
office, his time hav
ing been strictly de
voted to his business.
He is in touch,
however, with public
affairs, and is looked
upon as an authority
on questions of na
tional finance. Like
most brainy men of
money, Air. Alors e
is modestly, although
extensively, identi
fied with local chari
ties, and has done
more in this direc
tion than his friends
are aware of. He is
a very approachable
man, and to this fact
is due much of his
unquestioned popu
larity among his fel
low financial m e n ,
both in this citv and
in New York, for his
business affairs bring him in constant contact with the
great financial men of the last-named city. He is a
prominent member of the Eastern Yacht Club and an
ardent yachtsman. In the pursuit of this his favorite
recreation he manages to recuperate his energies after
the close attention that is necessitated by the large
financial transactions that require his watchful care. He
is regarded as a safe and conservative man by those
interested in the doings of the financial world.

BOSTON.

107

GEORGE GLOVER CROCKER, the son of Uriel
and Sarah Kidder (Haskell) Crocker, was born
in Boston, Dec. 15, 1843. Graduating from the Boston
Latin School as a Franklin medal scholar, in i860, and
from Harvard, in 1864, he studied at the Harvard Law
School, and was admitted to the Suffolk bar in 1867.
From that time to the present he has continued in the
practice of the law in Boston in company with his elder
brother, Uriel H. Crocker. He assisted his brother in
editing " Notes on
the General Statutes
o f Massachusetts "
(1869). From 1868
to 1879, he was a
director of the Bos
ton Young Men's
Christian Union, of
which he is a life
member. In 1873
and 1874, he was in
the House of Repre
sentatives, serving
the latter year on the
Committee on the
Liquor Law. Fore
seeing the pernicious
effects of other meth
ods of distribution,
he drafted a bill, the
first ever offered in
Massachusetts, per
mitting cities and
towns, after limiting
the number of li
censes, to sell them
at public auction.
In 1877, he was
chosen secretary of
the Republican State
Committee, and
served for two years. In 1880, '81, '82, and '83, Mr.
Crocker was a member of the State Senate, and its
president in the last-named year. He compiled the
" Digest of the Rulings of the Presiding Officers of the
Senate and of the House from the Year 1833," which
forms a part of the annual " Manual for the General
Court." He is also the author of " Principles of Proced
ure in Deliberative Assemblies " (1889). In February,
1887, he was appointed a member of the State Board

<»**}

GEORGE GLOVER CROCKER

of Railroad Commissioners, and served as chairman of
the board until January, 1892, when he resigned.
During his service the board took an active part in
effecting the abolition of grade crossings and of the
car stove, and otherwise did much to promote the com
fort and safety of passengers and of employe's. At the
time of his resignation, Mr. Crocker, as chairman of a
committee of railroad commissioners, was engaged in
an effort to secure the passage by Congress of an act to
compel the equip
ment of freight cars
with automatic coup
lers and continuous
brakes, and of loco
motives with driving-
wheel brakes. In
1889, he was ap
pointed by Mayor
Hart as chairman of
acommission of
three to examine
into the operation of
the Massachusetts
laws relating to taxa
tion. The chief con
clusions reached by
this commission
were : that the at
tempt to tax muni
cipal bonds results in
a loss rather than a
gain to the cities and
towns issuing such
bonds ; and that all
forms of double tax
ation ought to be
abolished. Mr.
Crocker has served
as an officer of many
business corpora
tions, and is a member of several charitable organiza
tions, of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, and of sundry
Boston social clubs. On June 19, 1875, he was mar
ried by the Rev. Phillips Brooks to Annie B., daughter
of the late Nathan C. Keep, of Boston. They have five
children. Mr. Crocker has always shown a great capacity
for exhaustive and arduous labor in a field that he makes
interesting by the amount of original thought that he
puts into his work.

io8

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

ROGER WOLCOTT, lieutenant-governor elect of
Massachusetts, was born in Boston forty-five years
ago. Receiving his preliminary education, he entered
Harvard, where he ranked among the most advanced
students. He was chosen class orator. The graduating
class of 1870 included such men as Senator Henry
Parkman, Assistant Secretary of State Wharton, and
Assistant Secretary of the Navy Soley; and Roger Wol
cott, who graduated in that year, was looked upon as
one of the most
promising. At Har
vard he received the
degrees of A. B. and
LL. B., and during
1 8 7 1 - 2 was a
tutor in that insti
tution. He took up
the study of law,
but his duties as
trustee of various
estates, and the
management of
financial matters,
have occupied the
greater part of his
time. Mr. Wolcott
began his public
career as a member
of the Boston Com
mon Council, serv
ing as a member of
that body for three
years. In 1882 he
was elected to the
lower branch of the
Legislature, and was
re-elected in 1883
and 1884, winning
much distinction as
a hard worker, and
as one who was instrumental in passing many important
measures. Although a Republican by virtue of train
ing, Mr. Wolcott has at times shown a spirit of inde
pendence rarely seen in men of his position. One of
the most noteworthy instances of this was in 18S4, when
he voted for Grover Cleveland, the Democratic candi
date for President; but in 1885 he was a delegate to
the Republican State Convention at Springfield. In
189T he was unanimously chosen president of the New

Republican Club, but after serving one year ill-health
compelled him to decline a re-election. He has been
an active worker in many public movements and has
frequently represented his constituents at municipal and
State conventions; and, being a pleasing speaker, is
frequently called upon to address political and other
public meetings. He is an overseer of Harvard Col
lege, and a trustee of the Massachusetts General Hos
pital, Mr. Wolcott is also a prominent figure at the
annual Unitarian
festivals, and is a
regular attendant at
King's Chapel. He
married Miss Pres
cott, a great-great-
granddaughter of
the Colonel Pres
cott who com
manded the provin
cial troops at Bunker
Hill, and a grand
daughter of the his
torian, W. H. Pres
cott. Mr. Wolcott,
himself comes from
an old military
family, his father
being the late J.
Huntington Wolcott,
descendant of Roger
W o 1 c o 1 1, who, in
1725, was second in
command in the ex
pedition under Sir
W i 1 1 i a m Pepperell
against Cape Breton,
which resulted in the
capture of Louis
burg. Another an
cestor was Oliver
Wolcott, one of the signers of the Declaration of Inde
pendence, who fought in the Revolutionary Army
against Burgoyne, and was a brigadier-general on the
battle-field at Saratoga. Both of these men were gov
ernors of Connecticut. In the election of Nov. 8,
1892, Mr. Wolcott was elected lieutenant-governor of
the State, as successor to Lieutenant-Governor Haile.
By reason of his natural gifts enhanced by study, Mr.
Wolcott is peculiarly fitted for the duties of public life.

ROGER WOLCOTT

BOSTON.

I09

#

IN all measures pertaining to the right of suffrage and
calculated to make elections in practice what they
are in theory, — an accurate expression of the will of
the majority, — Massachusetts has not lagged behind
her sister commonwealths, as the Australian ballot law,
the corrupt practices act and the law to compel the
publication of election expenses demonstrate. With
the last of these measures Samuel W. McCall, member
elect of the Fifty-third Congress, from the eighth Massa
chusetts district, is
identified. He was
born in East Provi
dence, Penn., Feb.
28, 1851. His fam
ily on both sides
have been prominent
in Pennsylvania from
its earliest history.
He is the son of
Henry and Mary Ann
(Elliott) McCall.
Having fitted for
college at the New
Hampton (N. H.)
Academy, he entered
Dartmouth and was
graduated in the
class of 1874. Mr.
McCall then came
to Massachusetts and
studied law in the
office of Staples &
Goulding in Worces
ter, where he was
subsequently ad
mitted to the bar.
He began the prac
tice of law in Boston
in January, 1876,
and has ever since
continued in his profession except during the period
from May 1, 1888, to Jan. 1, 1889, when he was the
editor of the Boston Daily Advertiser. Mr. McCall was
elected to represent Winchester in the lower House of
the Massachusetts Legislature in 1888 and 1889, the
latter year serving as chairman of the Committee on the
Judiciary. He was again returned to the House in 1891,
when, as chairman of the Committee on Election Laws,
and of the Special Committee on Administrative Boards

SAMUEL W. McCALL

and Commissions, he became one of the Republican
leaders of the House. For several years Mr. McCall
had been actively interested in the legislative movement
to provide for a compulsory publication of election
expenses. At last, largely through his efforts, the bill
passed the Legislature of 1892, and became law. It is
impossible to determine now just how effective the law
will be in purifying political methods, but its results in
the campaign of 1892 were conceded by all to have
been most salutary.
Mr. McCall was also
more or less closely
identified with many
other important
measures, and was
regarded as one of
the ablest debaters
in the House. He
enjoyed great per-
«***. sonal popularity with
his fellow-legislators.
Having made a study
„ J of the theory of poli
tics, and particularly
of the suffrage ques
tion, Mr. McCall is
considered an
authority upon the
subject. He was a
delegate from the
old sixth district to
the National Repub
lican Convention at
Chicago in 1888,
when his speech,
seconding the nomi
nation of General
Graham to the presi
dency, won him fame
as an orator. He
was also a delegate to the Minneapolis convention in
1892. In the same year he was nominated for Con
gress by the Republicans of the eighth district, and was
elected over John F. Andrew, the present incumbent.
Mr. McCall was married in Lyndonville, Vt., May 23,
1 88 1, to Ella Esther, daughter of Sumner S. and Harriet
(Wiley) Thompson. They have five children : Sumner
Thompson, Ruth, Henry, Katherine and Margaret Mc
Call. Mr. McCall resides in Winchester.

IIO

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

FREDERIC WALKER LINCOLN, seven times
mayor of Boston, is a representative of the old
school of business men who have kept pace with the
world. His father was Louis Lincoln, son of Amos
Lincoln, a member of the " Boston Tea Party," and
who married a daughter of Paul Revere. His mother
was Mary (Knight) Lincoln. At the age of thirteen he
was apprenticed to Gedney King, maker of nautical
instruments. When twenty-two years old he com
menced the manu
facture of these for
himself and contin
ued in the business
until 1882, when he
assumed charge of
the Boston Storage
Warehouse Com
pany, which he still
manages. In 1847
he was elected to the
State Legislature ; re
elected in 1848, and
in 1872 and 1874;
was a member of the
Constitutional Con
vention of 1853, and
from 1854 to 1856
was president of the
Charitable Mechanic
Association. When
it was proposed in
1880 to erect the
present building he
was earnestly re
quested to and did
accept the office of
treasurer. In 1868
he was appointed to
the State Board of
Harbor Commis
sioners ; for several years he was chairman. For eleven
years he was president of the Boston Board of Overseers
of the Poor, and in April, 1878, became treasurer, which
position he still holds. Mr. Lincoln was one of the orig
inal directors of the Continental Bank ; is a trustee of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology ; vice-president of
the Boston Safe Deposit Company ; has been treasurer of
the Young Men's Benevolent Society for more than forty
years; is president of the Franklin Savings Bank; was

president of the Massachusetts Charitable Fire Society,
the constituted term, a Fellow of the American Academy,
and one of the founders of the Young Men's Christian
Union, and its second president. He was a member of
the Boston Light Infantry, and ranks now upon its
honorary roll of veterans. In 1854 he became a
director of the Bunker Hill Monument Association, and
for ten years, up to 1890, was one of its vice-presidents.
In that year he was made president. For nearly forty
years he has been
treasurer of the Sec
ond Church in Bos
ton. His terms as
mayor of Boston
were: 1858- 60,
1863-66. Notable
among the public
deeds of Mayor Lin
coln was the quelling
of the draft riots.
The Massachusetts
Commandery of the
Military Order of
the Loyal Legion has
complimented h i m
for this and similar
services by making
him a member. He
delivered the presen
tation address as
chairman at the un
veiling of the first
out-door statue in
Boston, that of Ben
jamin Franklin in
front of the City
Hall ; and both Har
vard and Dartmouth
have conferred upon
him the degree of
master of arts. The Lincoln School in South Boston is
named for him. In May, 1848, Mr. Lincoln married
Emeline, daughter of Hon. Jacob Hall. She died the
following year, leaving a daughter, Harriet A., now the
wife of George A. Coolidge. June 20, 1854, he married
Emily C, daughter of Noah Lincoln ; their children are :
Frederic W., Jr., of the firm of Henry W. Peabody &
Co., Mary K. and Louis Revere Lincoln. Mr. Lincoln
is a man of wide sympathies and generous impulses.

FREDERIC WALKER LINCOLN

BOSTON.

I I I

EVERETT A. STEVENS, railroad commissioner, is
a practical railroad man in the literal meaning of
the term. He was born in Madison, Me., May 13,
1843, and received his education in the common
schools. Though occupying a lucrative position in
Montreal, Canada, at the breaking out of the Civil War
in the United States, he hastened to take his part in the
conflict, and went to the front as a member of Company
I, Eleventh Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteers,
at the age of nine
teen years. He re
mained in the
regiment until it left
the front at Cold
Harbor, its term of
service having ex
pired, and was mus
tered out on the. 24th
of June, 1864, in
Boston. The Elev
enth was an organi
zation to which Gen
eral Hooker in his
reports paid deserved
compliments, and it
made an admirable
record in the Third
Corps under General
Sickles. The certifi-
c a t e of discharge
which Mr. Stevens
holds shows that he
was mentioned as
having displayed
conspicuous bravery
at Locust Grove, at
the crossing of the
North Anna River,
and in the Wilder
ness. Returning
from the scenes of conflict, he entered the service of
the Fitchburg Railroad Company, and passing through
the different grades, soon reached the position of loco
motive engineer, serving on express passenger trains
several years, principally on the Hoosac Tunnel route
to the West. Though not an orator, his sound common-
sense made him popular with his craft, and he was thrice
elected to the office of chief engineer of the Boston
division of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers,

representing the division in several of the national con
ventions of the organization, and being twice honored
by election to office there. In 1883, he was nominated
by Governor Butler as a member of the Board of Rail
road Commissioners, receiving the unanimous endorse
ment of the Executive Council. In 1886, he was
nominated by Governor Robinson, again in 1889 by
Governor Ames, and yet again in 1892 by Governor
Russell, receiving the unanimous vote of approval of
the councillors. He
is active in the Grand
Army of the Repub
lic, having been
elected two terms as
commander of Post
11, of Charlestown,
making the tour of
the Pacific at its head
in 1886. Mr. Ste
vens's standing with
the soldiers and rail
road men has led to
other distinction.
He was prominent
before the legislative
committee on color
blindness in 1882 and
secured the repeal of
the law by which
every railroad man
in the grade of train
hands had to submit
to a test in color and
shade that would
have forever incapac
itated the eye of the
most experienced
salesman in dry
goods, fancy gloves
or ribbons. The
test was brought down to the essentials in actual use by
railways as signals, night or day. Further, Commissioner
Stevens has for some years held the position of presi
dent of the Massachusetts Mutual Accident Association,
an organization that provides relief for its subscribers or
their families in the event of unforeseen bodily mishaps,
whether fatal or temporarily prostrating. He succeeded
Mayor Gilbert Palmer in that position, which he fills
with energy and discretion.

EVERETT A. STEVENS.

112

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

THE movement for the popularization of art in
America had its origin in Boston. Here, too, the
educational development of art as a factor in common-
school instruction first began. With both these great
movements, the name of Louis Prang is inseparably
connected. He has, indeed, been more closely iden
tified with them than any other man. Mr. Prang's
career, from his dreamy childhood in a German city,
through the many vicissitudes of youth and early man
hood to the splendid
achievements of his
later years, is one of
most absorbing in
terest. Though it is
the type of idealist,
rather than that of
man of affairs, that
best represents him
and his share in the
life of the times, yet
his business success
has been excep
tional. He was born
in Breslau, Germany.
His father was a cal
ico printer, and the
lad early studied
chemistry and me
chanics and learned
the processes of dye
ing, color -mixing
and color-printing.
While yet in his teens
he was sent to spend
a year in the count
ing-room of a dyeing
and printing estab
lishment in Westpha
lia, where he gained
a knowledge of mer
cantile affairs. When about twenty years old he was
engaged by a large Austrian firm to spend five years
in the study of the most advanced methods of dyeing
and color-printing practised in England and on the
Continent, with a view to organize afterward a manu
factory in Bohemia. His investigations were success
fully carried out for four years, at the end of which he
returned to Germany an enthusiastic advocate of the
cause of social democracy. He was the leader of a

LOUIS PRANG

revolutionary club in 1848, and was obliged to flee from
his native country. After being in Switzerland for a
time, he came to America, landing in New York in
1850. For a few years he led a precarious existence,
but in 1856, embarking in the business of lithography
in color, he set out on the road to fortune. In 1864, he
began the reproduction of oil paintings by chromo-
lithography. For these new creations Mr. Prang
coined the word " chromo," a term that has been
somewhat roughly
used and brought
into disrepute by
competitors. How
the public apprecia
tion of Mr. Prang's
work has steadily
grown broader and
more critical ; how
the delight in his
exquisite Christmas
and other holiday
cards has increased
from year to year ;
how many an aitist,
now well known,
gained his first rec
ognition at Louis
Prang's hands ; how
his public exhibitions
of accepted designs
for cards have awak
ened widespread in
terest ; how he, as
the founder of the
Prang Educational
Company, became a
pioneer in the cause
of art instruction in
the public schools, —
all this is part of the
country's art history. In recent years, Mr. Prang has
been devoting himself with his usual energy, and vvith
the assistance of the best color experts, to a plan for
color instruction in the public schools which is being
widely adopted. His plans for the further development
of art education, to which he devotes a great deal of
time and personal attention, are of a very broad nature,
his efforts having secured cordial recognition in this
country and in Europe.

BOSTON.

"3

FOR nearly a score of years Joseph Cook has quick
ened the pulse of Boston's religious and intellec
tual life. He is probably the most aggressive and
original, as he is certainly the most celebrated, defender
of the Orthodox faith of the present day. Years ago,
when he was in the zenith of his fame as a lecturer, all
Boston was eager to hear what Joseph Cook had to say
about the latest scientific discovery or theory and its
relations to the faith that was once delivered to the
saints. And the
great audiences that
still appear whenever
he is announced to
lecture or preach
are ample proof that
his remarkable popu
larity has not visibly
waned. One of the
most consummate
rhetoricians who ever
lived, he is likewise
a formidable 1 o g i -
cian, and can blend
an ironclad, unan
swerable syllogism
with a daring and
original metaphor,
taking your breath
away with his figures
of speech and strik
ing you dumb with
his logic. Though it
has been said of
him, that he would
effect the reconcilia
tion of science and
religion by the com
plete annihilation of
science and the en
throning of religion
in its stead, his bitterest opponents must admit that
Mr. Cook is fully abreast of the scientific thought of the
day. "The Boston Monday Lectureship," established
by Mr. Cook at Tremont Temple in 1873, is still con
tinued, his lectures, delivered on eight successive Mon
days at noon in the winter time, being attended by
thousands. There is scarcely a domain of modern
thought that he does not enter, and though his pronun-
ciamentos on politics, social and economic reform,

JOSEPH COOK.

science and religion, have often been the butt of cheap
newspaper jokes, they are at least always novel and
thought-provoking. Mr. Cook was born at Ticonderoga,
N. Y., Jan. 26, 1838, his father being a farmer. In
1858, he entered Yale, but three years later had to give
up his studies on account of ill-health. He entered
Harvard as a junior in 1863 and graduated in 1865
with high honors. After three years at Andover, he
spent an additional year in the study of philosophy, but,
although granted a
license to preach, he
declined all invita
tions to become the
pastor of a church.
In 1868 and 1870,
he preached at An
dover and for a time
at Lynn, Mass. Then
he went to Europe
and studied at vari
ous German universi-
t i e s under famous
theologians and phi
losophers. In 1873,
on his return to
America, he began
his course of noon
day lectures. These
have been published
in book form, and
have been translated
into many foreign
languages. The titles
of the volumes are :
"Biology," "Tran-
sce 11 den talis m,"
"Orthodoxy," "Con
science," " Hered
ity," "Marriage,"
"Labor, " " Social
ism," "Occident," "Orient." During a lecturing tour
of the world in 1880, Mr. Cook lectured in Great
Britain, and visited Germany, Italy, Greece, Palestine,
Egypt and India. He then went to China, Japan, Aus
tralia, New Zealand and the Sandwich Islands. In Japan
he delivered a number of lectures through an interpreter
to Japanese public men. In 1888 he founded Our Day,
a monthly record and review. He was married in 1877
to Georgie Hemenway, of New Haven.

ii4

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

GREAT progress has been made in America during
the last half century in the manufacture of
meteorological instruments. Improvements and new
inventions in instruments have kept pace with the rapid
strides that have been made in the science of meteo
rology — a science that is still in its earliest stages. In
almost every observatory and laboratory of the United
States, and in many foreign lands, the name of Huddle-
ston is familiar, and it is a name that has grown to be
synonymous w i t h
perfect accuracy and
reliability. By long
years of toil, and by
unremitting study of
the principles of nat
ural science as rela
ting to meteorology
and meteorological
instruments, John S.
F. Huddleston has
won for himself the
reputation of manu
facturing such ther
mometers, barome
ters and meteorolog
ical instruments
generally as cannot
be excelled. The
story of his unevent
ful life may be told
in a very few words.
He was born in Lon
don, England, and in
h i s early boyhood
days attended the
schools there. At an
early age his parents
came to the United
States and settled in
Boston. Here he
went to school, and his name stands on the roll of the
school-boys of that period, he having been a pupil in the
old Boston Latin School. After leaving his studies, his
time for a number of years was devoted to acquiring a
thorough knowledge of the construction of meteorolog
ical instruments in every branch. In 1839 he com
menced business on his own account, locating on
Washington Street. For forty-three consecutive years
 and until the demolition of the building — he was on

JOHN S F. HUDDLESTON.

the site where the Globe building now stands. Since
then his rooms have been in the Transcript building.
In social life at an early age he united himself with
various utilitarian societies, and soon after the revival
of Odd Fellowship in the United States, in the early
forties, Mr. Huddleston joined the order, being one of
the first Odd Fellows in Boston. For nearly fifty years
he has kept up an active interest in the order, and has
been honored with all its offices. He is also a Free
Mason of advanced
degrees. In business
Mr. Huddleston de
votes himself entirely
to the manufacture
of high-class meteor
ological instruments,
such as are used in
colleges, observato
ries and laboratories,
and wherever ex
treme scientific accu
racy is required. His
inst rum en ts have
always taken the
highest medals
wherever exhibited.
In connection with
the late Professor
Winlock he invented,
and is sole maker of,
an improvement of
the hygrometer,
called the hygro
phant, an instrument
that shows with accu
racy and at a glance,
without computation,
both the temperature
and the degree of
humidity. In weather
bureaus and in laboratories the hygrophant has grown to
be almost indispensable, and is considered a valuable
addition to the list of meterological instruments. Mr.
Huddleston was also the originator of the enamelled
back tube, which so markedly improves the legibility of
the thermometer, and which is now in use the world
over. In all the various meteorological instruments which
he makes, attention is paid to a special adaptation to the
particular purposes for which they are intended to be used.

BOSTON.

"5

THE oldest church of the Swedenborgian faith in
New England is the Boston Society of the New
Jerusalem, which was established in 1818. Beginning
with only twelve members, it has been the parent
church of many other societies, and now has a member
ship of over six hundred. In the seventy-five years of
its history, it has had but two pastors, Rev. Dr. Thomas
Worcester, and Rev. James Reed. The latter is one of
the prominent ministers of the New Church (Sweden
borgian) in America,
and a well-known
contributor to its
literature. He was
born in Boston, Dec.
8, 1834, and is the
son of Sampson and
Catharine (Clark)
Reed. His father,
who was for many
years a member of
the city government
and took an active
and leading part in
the municipal affairs
of Boston, was the
son of Rev. Dr.
John Reed, who for
a long time was set
tled over the old
first parish in Bridge-
water (n o w West
Bridgewater) . Rev.
John Reed's father
was also a Congre-
gationalist clergy-
man, so that Mr.
Reed comes of
a ministerial fam
ily. He received
his early education
in private schools, and was fitted for college in the
Boston Latin School. Entering Harvard in 185 1, he
graduated in 1855, among his classmates being Phillips
Brooks, Robert Treat Paine, and Alexander Agassiz.
After graduation he taught for one year in the Boston
Latin School, and then studied for the ministry under
the guidance of Rev. Dr. Thomas Worcester, pastor of
the church of which Mr. Reed's father had always been
an active member. After two years' study, he was

JAMES REED

called to the assistant pastorate of the Boston Society
of the New Jerusalem, and was ordained to the min
istry in April, i860. He continued as assistant to Dr.
Worcester until the latter's resignation in January, 1868,
when he became pastor of the church and has remained
there ever since. In addition to his pastoral duties,
Mr. Reed has contributed much to New Church litera
ture, and has published "Religion and Life" (New
York, 1869), "Man and Woman" (Boston, 1870), and
"Swedenborg and
the New Church"
(Boston, 1880).
He was for some
time an editor of
the " New Jerusalem
Magazine." From
1871 till 1875 Mr.
Reed served on the
Boston School Com
mittee, and one year
he drew up the
annual report of the
Board. He was
married, Dec. 19,
1858, to Miss Emily
E. Ripley, of Brook
line. They have
five children living,
the eldest son being
in business in Bos
ton. The joint cel
ebration of the
seventy-fifth anni
versary of the Boston
Society of the New
Jerusalem, and the
twenty-fifth anniver
sary of Mr. Reed's
pastorate will be
held in 1893, and
the event will doubtless be a notable one in the history
of the New Church in New England. Though its
membership is widely scattered over Boston and the
suburbs, and though so many of the churches have
been obliged to leave the centre of the city for the
Back Bay, the Society of the New Jerusalem still
flourishes in its old home on Bowdoin Street, which it
has occupied for forty-eight years, Mr. Reed lives in
Louisburg Square.

n6

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

COLONEL HENRY LEE, projector and man
ager of the Union Safe Deposit Vaults, and
senior member of the leading banking firm of Lee,
Higginson & Co., was born in Boston, the seventh gen
eration in descent from the family of Lee that came to
America in the year 1630, and from that time to the
present has been prominent in the high social life of
Ipswich, Beverly, Salem, Cambridge and Boston. He
has maintained a position as a public-spirited and gen
erous citizen, and is
now enjoying a vig
orous and happy old
age. After passing
through all the grades
of the public and
preparatory schools,
he entered Harvard
University in 1832,
and graduated in
1836. His father,
also named Henry,
who died in Boston
Feb. 6, 1867, re
ceived the electoral
vote of South Caro
lina as a Whig on
the occasion of Pres
ident Andrew Jack
son's second elec
tion. His mother
was May, daughter
of Hon. Jonathan
Jackson. He mar
ried Elizabeth,
daughter of Colonel
Perkins. Colonel
Lee was among the
first to appreciate the
advantage of a place
of safe deposit for
valuables in Boston, and it was mainly through his
agency that the system was established there, the insti
tution of which he is the head being the pioneer. It is
an enduring monument to his business sagacity, and at
the same time the pattern for many others to follow
with security and profit. The Massachusetts Lees are
closely allied to many of the most distinguished families
of the State's earlier and later history, such as those of
Winthrop, Saltonstall, Pickering, Higginson, Endicott,

HENRY LEE

and others that have always been social, business and
political leaders in Salem, Boston and Cambridge.
Colonel Lee has served several terms on the Board of
( Overseers of Harvard University, and ever took a prom
inent part in its deliberations and important actions.
The Massachusetts Historical Society has long had the
benefit of his active membership. From early life he
has been interested in dramatic affairs, and of many
engagements of high character he has always been a
generous and in
fluential patron.
Throughout the war
for the Union Colonel
Lee was an earnest
supporter of Govern
or John A. Andrew,
having been on the
personal staff of the
commander - in -chief
for several years as
aide-de-camp. In
those stirring times
a position on the
staff meant work,
and from such patri
otic duty the colonel
was not the man to
flinch. He and his
business associates
have often led with
their influence and
large means in en
terprises of a benev
olent and educational
nature, and the suc
cess of many such
projects has been
mainly due to the
examples they set to
their wealthy fellow-
citizens in this and other Massachusetts communities.
An ardent lover of nature, Colonel Lee passes a good
portion of his leisure on his large and beautiful estate
at Chestnut Hill, Brookline, a region noted for its scenic
surroundings. Colonel Lee has always been identified
with the highest intellectual and artistic life of New
England, and throughout the financial world, on both
sides of the Atlantic, the name of Lee, Higginson & Co.
represents solid worth and enterprise.

BOSTON.

"7

WHEN President Harrison, in April, 1892,
appointed Thomas Jefferson Coolidge, of Bos
ton, to succeed Whitelaw Reid as minister of the United
States in Paris, the appointment was in the nature of a
gratifying surprise, though the wisdom of the choice was
immediately recognized. Mr. Coolidge inherited at
once the blood of the first families of Massachusetts and
of the first families of Virginia. His maternal great
grandfather was Thomas Jefferson, and his paternal
grandfather was
Joseph Coolidge, de
scendant of one of
the distinguished
families of New Eng-
land. T. Jefferson
Coolidge was born in
Boston in 183 1, the
son of a prosperous
China merchant. His
early education was
obtained in France
and Germany. Re
turning to this coun
try when about fif
teen years old, h e
entered Harvard, and
graduated in the class
of 1850. Mr. Cool-
id g e ' s career has
been almost entirely
one of business. Up
to the time of his
appointment as min
ister to France h e
had held but two
public posts — park
commissioner of
Boston and delegate
to the Pan-American
Congress. After
graduation, he entered the East India trade, embarking
in business with the late Joseph Gardner. In 1858 he
accepted the presidency of the Boott Manufacturing
Company, with large cotton mills at Lowell. The com
pany was then in a weak financial condition, but before
he left it, two years later, he had rebuilt the mill and
established the business on a firm footing. He then
went abroad, and after several years' residence in
France, returned to this country and took charge of the

THOMAS JEFFERSON COOLIDGE.

Lawrence Manufacturing Company. In 1880 he gave
up most of his manufacturing interests and for a time
was president of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe'
Railroad while the company was making a struggle for
existence. He tided it over its worst period and then
resigned and spent a year in Europe. On his return he
accepted the presidency of the Oregon Railway & Navi
gation Company, which he held temporarily. He has
been identified with the Amory and the Dwight Manu
facturing companies,
and has been director
in the Boston &
Lowell, the Chicago,
Burlington & Quincy,
and other railroads,
and in many banking
enterprises. Mr.
Coolidge has been a
Republican for about
ten years, but he has
never been promi
nent in politics. His
son, T. Jefferson
Coolidge, Jr., was
one of the leading
spirits in the estab
lish m e n t of the
Young Men's Dem
ocratic Club of Mas
sachusetts, and there
was in consequence
frequent misunder-
standing of the
father's position.
Minister Coolidge
has been noted for
his philanthropy, be
ing prominent in the
public charities of
' Boston. At Harvard
he erected the Jefferson Physical Laboratory, and to the
town of Manchester (Mass.) he gave a public library.
He is an overseer of Harvard College, a member of the
Somerset Club and of the Harvard University Club, of
New York. He married a daughter of William Apple-
ton, one of Boston's great merchants. They have four
children : T. Jefferson Coolidge, Jr., president of the
Old Colony Trust Company ; Mrs. Lucius Sargent, Mrs.
Fred. Sears, Jr., and Mrs. Thomas Newbold.

I Ii

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY,

' I "'HE career of Thomas B. Fitzpatrick, who has an
I honored name in the mercantile world, and who
in the Irish national and other philanthropic causes is a
tower of strength, illustrates vividly the fact that the
doors of success are barred to none who will honestly
and perseveringly strive to enter. He was born in Graf
ton, Mass., Dec. 17, 1844, the son of Mary and Patrick
Fitzpatrick. In his youth the family moved to Hopkin
ton, and here young Fitzpatrick worked on his father's
farm nights and
mornings, and
walked three miles
each way daily, to
attend the Hopkin
ton High School. He
was able to go during
the fall and winter
terms only of each
year, but he finished
the course and was
the first Catholic boy
to graduate from the
school. That was in
1 86 1, and he was
the valedictorian of
his class. The same
indomitable energy
that he had displayed
in getting an educa
tion in spite of the
difficulties, character
ized his business life
from the start. He
came to Boston and
found employment
at two dollars a week
as errand boy for the
firm of E. D. Bell &
Co., supplementing
his meagre salary by
working evenings. Schofield, Barron & Co., dealers in
fancy dry goods, soon discovered his merits and sent
him to New York, when he was about twenty years old,
to take charge of their branch office there. Before he
had attained his majority he was admitted to the firm.
On the dissolution of the partnership, Mr. Fitzpatrick
went to the firm of Mason, Tucker iV- Co., Boston, as
travelling salesman, and built up a large trade for them in
the New England States. In July, 1872, he became con-

THOMAS B. FITZPATRICK

nected with Brown, Dutton & Co., in the same capacity.
After the great fire of that year the present firm of
Brown, Durrell & Co., dealers in fancy dry goods, was
formed by Messrs. Brown, Durrell and Fitzpatrick, the two
latter gentlemen enjoying an equal interest with Mr.
Brown. The firm, starting with a comparatively small
capital, has built up a business of over five million dol
lars annually, which is more than double that of any
other Boston house in the same line, and one of the
largest in the United
States. The active
management of the
business is in the
hands of Messrs.
Durrell and Fitzpat
rick, the senior part
ner attending to the
financial matters of
the firm. For many
years Mr. Fitzpatrick
has been prominent
in all movements for
the welfare of the
Irish people, being
intimately associated
with the great leaders
both in America and
in Ireland. He was
for a longtime presi
dent of the Municipal
Council of the Irish
National Land
League ; has been
president of the
Catholic Union, the
most influential
Catholic organization
in Boston ; director
of the Working Boys'
Home ; is a member
of the Catholic Order of Foresters, of the Charitable
Irish Society, and of many other organizations ; director
of the Union Institution for Savings, and also of the
Newton Co-operative Bank, which he helped to estab
lish. Mr. Fitzpatick was married in 1875 to Miss Sarah
Gleason, of Fitchburg. They have seven children, five
sons and two daughters, for whom Mr. Fitzpatrick has
established and maintains, at his home in West Newton,
a private school, one of the few of its kind in America.

BOSTON.

119

VERY REV. WILLIAM BYRNE, D. D., vicar-
general of the archdiocese of Boston, is one of
the best known of American churchmen. Dr. Byrne
was born in Kilmessan, County Meath, Ireland, in 1835,
went to Baltimore in 1852, and went into business;
but finally, convinced of his call to the priesthood, left
a good position and brilliant prospects. He pursued
his ecclesiastical studies at Mt. St. Mary's College,
Emmittsburg, Md., and was ordained for the diocese of
Boston, Dec. 31,
1864. For some
time before his ordi
nation, and for a
year thereafter, h e
was professor of
mathematics and
Greek at the college.
He was recalled to
Boston late in 1865.
The Rt. Rev. John
J. Williams, after his ~ £•.
consecration as
Bishop of Boston,
March 11, 1866, ap
pointed Father Byrne
chancellor of the
diocese. Later he
was made pastor of
St. Mary's, Charles
town. Dr. Byrne
had the privilege, on
June 6, 1875, of offi
ciating at the first
Catholic religious
services ever held in
the State Prison,
Charlestown. On the
death of the Very
Rev. P. F. Lyndon,
April 18, 1878, Dr.
Byrne succeeded him in the office of vicar-general. In
1880 he was induced to accept the presidency of Mt.
St. Mary's, Emmittsburg, Md., in order that he might
extricate it from financial difficulties. This he accom
plished in three years and won the grateful esteem of
the whole American episcopate and priesthood. On his
return to Boston, he succeeded to the pastorate of St.
Joseph's Dr. Byrne was the founder of the Boston
Temperance Missions. He was administrator of the

WILLIAM BYRNE

archdiocese during Archbishop Williams' visits to Rome
in 1883 and 1887 ; he also represented the archbishop
in Rome at the Golden Jubilee of Pope Leo XIII., in
1888. While in Rome he received many marks of
special favor from the authorities there. At the St.
Patrick's day banquet in London in 1888, he responded
to the toast "The Irish in America." Dr. Byrne is a
clear and vigorous writer. The chapter on "The
Roman Catholic Church in Boston," in "The Memorial
History of Boston,"
is from his pen;
and his new book,
"Catholic Doctrine,"
has received the
highest commenda
tion from Archbishop
Williams, Cardinal
Gibbons, and other
high authorities. He
is often called upon
to state the Catholic
attitude toward burn
ing questions. Some
years ago the Uni-
versalist ministers of
Boston sent him an
invitation to prepare
a paper to be read
before one of their
conferences, to which
he responded by an
admirable address on
"Aids to Practical
Piety," which was
very well received.
Early in 1892, Dr.
Byrne accepted an
invitation to a stu
dents' conference at
Harvard University,
and read before them a masterly paper on "Authority
as a Medium of Religious Knowledge." Dr. Byrne was
one of the closest friends of the brilliant John Boyle
O'Reilly, and projected and carried out successfully one
of the most interesting memorials to the lamented dead
— the portrait bust, executed by the sculptor Samuel
Kitson, in the Catholic University. He has lately pub
lished, in "Donahoe's Magazine," a paper on the school
question that has attracted much attention.

120

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAV.

THOUGH not born or reared under the Arcadian
influences that have shaped the lives of so many
of Boston's men of letters, Thomas Bailey Aldrich, now
in his sunny prime, — the most pointed and exquisite of
living American lyrical craftsmen, — is justly awarded a
place at the head of the younger art school. As editor for
several years of the " Atlantic Monthly," he was one of the
central figures in a group that included the most famous
names in American literature. And since his retirement
from editorial duties
his pen has been as
busy as ever before.
A poet of inborn
taste, a votary of the
beautiful, many of his
delicately conceived
pieces are unexcelled
by any modern work,
and they illustrate the
American instinct
which unites a Saxon
honesty of feeling to
that artistic subtilty
in which the French
surpass the world.
His shorter tales and
sketches, finished
like so many poems
in prose, are as spark-
lingly original as they
are delightful for the
the airy by-play, the
refined nuances, of a
captivating literary
style. Thomas Bailey
Aldrich was born a
poet. That hap
pened Nov. n, 1836,
at Portsmouth, N.H.,
the " Rivermouth " of
his stories, and before he had reached the age of nine
teen he gave, in "The Bells," the first proof of his
birthright. He began a course of study preparatory to
entering college, but relinquished his purpose on the
death of his father, and undertook mercantile life in
the counting-room of his uncle, a merchant in New
York. The muse, however, was not to be balked. He
remained with his uncle three years, and during this
period frequently contributed verses to the New York

journals. A collection of his poems was published in
New York in 1855, the volume taking its name from
the initial piece, "The Bells." A most successful poem,
"Baby Bell," published in 1856, was generally copied
throughout the entire country, and perhaps it was the
favor with which it was received that induced him to
abandon mercantile pursuits for a literary career. He
obtained a position as reader for a publishing house,
and became a frequent contributor to the New York
Evening Mirror, the
"Knickerbocker,""Putnam's Maga
zine," and the weekly
newspapers. In 1856
he joined the staff of
the New York Home
Journal, which was
then under the man
agement of Nathan
iel P. Willis and
George P. Morris.
He continued in this
position three years,
during which time
his pen was busy,
many of his poems
and stories becom
ing popular favorites.
In 1866 he came to
Boston to take the
editorial charge of
Every Saturday, and
in 1 88 1 was called
to the editorship
of the "Atlantic
Monthly," to succeed
W. D. Howells. Mr.
Aldrich's best-known
prose works are :
"The Story of a Bad
Boy," which is in some degree autobiographical, and
which, under the name of "The Young Desperado,"
was contributed to " Our Young Folks " many years
ago; "Prudence Palfrey," and " Marjorie Daw, and
Other Stories." Translations of his books have had a
wide circulation in Europe. He was married in 1865,
has two sons, twins, and lives in a beautiful home at
No. 59 Mt. Vernon Street. His readers are familiar vvith
the name of Ponkapog, his summer residence.

THOMAS BAILEY ALDRICH

BOSTON.

121

THE most familiar name in the history of American
music is that of Dr. Lowell Mason, who accom
plished more than any other man for the introduction
of music into schools. One of his sons is Dr. William
Mason, of New York, a well-known composer. Another
son, Henry, built the first American cabinet or parlor
organ, and with Mr. Hamlin, in 1854, established a
business that has grown to enormous proportions,
acquiring a world-wide reputation, and is now known as
the Mason & Hamlin
Organ and Piano
Company. Of this
company Edward P.
Mason, son of Henry,
and grandson of Dr.
Lowell Mason, is the
president. He was
born in Cambridge,
Mass., June 13, 1859,
the son of Henry
and Helen Augusta
(Palmer) Mason.
Having attended
public and private
schools, he entered
Harvard College and
graduated in 1881,
among his classmates
being Rev. Dr.
George A. Gordon,
pastor of the Old
South Church, and
Mr. Charles Mac-
Veagh (son of Wayne
MacVeagh), Grover
Cleveland's law part
ner. After gradua
ting, Mr. Mason en
tered his father's
business, beginning
at the bottom and working his way up. In 1884 he
went to the New York house of the Mason & Hamlin
Company, and in 1888 was made its manager. He held
this position until Jan. 1, 1890, when he was elected
treasurer of the company, and returned to Boston.
Upon the death of his father, in May of the same year,
he was chosen president of the company, the office
which he now holds. Mr. Mason was married in 1886
to Miss Mary Lord Taintor, of South Orange, N. J.

EDWARD P. MASON

They have two children living. Their home is in
Boston. The American cabinet organ is the most
widely used of large musical instruments. It was in
troduced in its present general form by Mason & Ham
lin, in 1 86 1, and its use has extended to all civilized
countries, about eighty thousand being now manufac
tured yearly in the United States. The present busi
ness, which, until 1868, had been conducted under the
name of Mason & Hamlin, was in that year incorpo
rated under the laws
o f Massachusetts,
and has a paid-up
capital of five hun-
dred thousand
dollars. The man
ufactories of the
Mason & Hamlin
Organ and Piano
Company, situated
a t Cambridgeport,
employ five hundred
skilled workmen in
the various depart
ments. The Mason
& Hamlin organs
have carried off the
highest medals and
premiums at all the
great world's fairs
since and including
that of Paris in 1867.
In the kindred field
of piano manufac
turing the company
has met with pro
nounced success, the
Mason & Hamli n
piano presenting
radical improve-
ments in the method
of stringing, by which an unusually pure and refined musi
cal tone and great durability are secured, with greatly
decreased liability to getting out of tune. In every
respect the Mason & Hamlin pianos are constructed in
accordance with the most advanced principles of the
art, and their singing capacity is marvellous ; the tone
powerful, sweet, and brilliant, the scale perfect and the
actions the best in every respect. Mr. Mason is con
nected with the leading social clubs of Boston.

I 22

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

JOSEPH 0. BURDETT, who is prominent in the
councils of the Republican party of Massachu
setts, was born in Wakefield (then South Reading),
Middlesex County, Oct. 30, 1848, being the son of
Joseph and Sally (Mansfield) Burdett. His early edu
cation was obtained in the public schools of Wakefield,
and in 1867 he entered Tufts College, at Medford. He
was a very hard-working student here, and was gradu
ated second in his class, notwithstanding the fact that
he had to be absent
nearly one half the
time to earn the
money necessary for
the other half. He
took up the study of
law immediately
upon his graduation,
in the office of Judge
Hammond, then city
solicitor of Cam
bridge, and in the
same year entered
the Harvard Law
School. On April
19, 1873, he was ad
mitted to the bar in
Middlesex County,
and during the fol
lowing year practised
with Judge Ham
mond. In 1874 he
moved to Hingham.
where he now lives,
and in the following
year opened an office
in Boston, where his
great industry and
integrity soon built
up for him a lucra
tive practice. For
more than fifteen years he has been a member of the
Hingham School Board, and its chairman for more than
ten years. In public affairs Mr. Burdett has always
taken an active interest, and this has led him several
times into public office. Hull and Hingham, in 1884,
sent him to the lower branch of the General Court, and
in that term of service he was chairman of the Com
mittee on Public Service. He reported a civil service
bill which, largely through his earnest and intelligent

labor, became the law of the State, it being most per
sistently fought at every stage of its progress toward
passage. In the following year he was re-elected, and
while retaining his position as chairman of the Public
Service Committee, he was also a member of the Judi
ciary Committee. In the more important debates in
the House that year he was prominent. In 1886 Mr.
Burdett was made a member of the Republican State
Central Committee, and in that body he showed a
political shrewdness
and capacity for or
ganization and ef
fective work which
won deserved recog
nition. When the
committee was reor
ganized, in 1889, he
was unanimously
elected chairman,
and remained in that
position three years,
serving with fidelity
and energy. The
next year his growing
business called him
away from the scene
of active politics, and
he again devoted
himself to the pro
fession which he
graces, and in which
he has gained much
prominence. M r .
Burdett has consid
erable aptitude for
business, and is
director of the Rock
land Hotel Com
pany, which owns
the two beautiful and
famed hotels at Nantasket, — the Nantasket and Rock
land houses. He is also a director in the Weymouth
Light and Power Company, which furnishes light to the
towns of Weymouth and Hingham. He is now actively
engaged in the practice of law in Boston. In 1874,
upon his removal to Hingham, Mr. Burdett married Ella,
daughter of John K. and Joan J. Corthell, of that town.
His three children are ¦ Harold Corthell, Edith Mans
field, and Helen Ripley Burdett.

JOSEPH O. BURDETT.

BOSTON.

123

NEARLY three generations of Bostonians have been
trained to love the choral classics given by the
venerable Handel and Haydn Society, of which Carl
Zerrahn is the leader. There can be no doubt that
much of the progress of the society, from its crude
beginning in 1815 to the lofty ideals and achievements
which it attained within two or three decades after its
foundation, was due to the influence of German musi
cians, just as it has reached the high-water mark of its
efficiency under the
artistic direction of
the German who is
still at the post which
he accepted in Sep
tember, 1854. For
more than a genera
tion Carl Zerrahn
has, by virtue of his
position as conductor
of the society, been
the most conspicu
ous chorus leader in
America. He was
born in Malchow,
in the grand duchy
of M e cklenburg-
Schwerin, July 28,
1826. He began the
study of music when
he was twelve years
old, under F. Web
ber, in Rostock, and
subsequently studied
in Hanover and Ber
lin. The agitated
state of the country
about the time he
attained his major
ity, culminating in
the revolution of
March, 1848, had a serious effect on the musical inter
ests of Germany, and influenced many to seek refuge in
America. Among others, Mr. Zerrahn, and about a
score of kindred spirits, determined to leave the Father
land and organized what was known as the Germania
Musical Society. They visited London, where a series
of entertainments was given with distinguished artistic
success. In August, 1848, they left London for the
United States, and gave a series of sixteen concerts in

CARL ZERRAHN

New York and Brooklyn, meeting with unbounded suc
cess. The series closed in November, after which they
visited Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington, and
then came to Boston, where their success was such as
to cause the number of their concerts to be extended
to twenty-two. Subsequently the company appeared
many times in conjunction with Madame Sontag, Ole
Bull, and other distinguished artists. In 1854 the com
pany disbanded, and in a short time Mr. Zerrahn was
appointed conductor
of the Handel and
Haydn Society. In
1866 he was chosen
conductor of the
Harvard Symphony
Association. He has
also been conductor
of the Philharmonic
Society, of the Salem
Oratorio Society, of
the Lynn Choral
Union, of the Taun
ton Beethoven Soci-
ety, and of the
Exeter Choral Union.
For many years he
has been teacher of
classes in the art of
conducting,harmony, composition, etc., at
the New England
Conservatory of
Music. Hewas
prominently engaged
in the management
of the Peace Jubilees
of 1869 and 1872.
He has also had ex
clusive control over
the Handel and
Haydn Triennial Festivals. Thoroughly familiar with
all the great vocal and instrumental works, he is equal
to any emergency, and when he waves his baton he is
as calm as a summer morn, every movement and wave
of his hand indicating as thorough a knowledge of and
preparation for the important work of any particular
occasion as though no other care had ever engaged his
attention. Carl Zerrahn's honorable place in the history
of music in America is firmly established.

124

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

LAWYER, politician and business man, Halsey J.
Boardman is one of the active figures in the life
of contemporary Boston. He was born May 19, 1834,
in Norwich, Windsor County, Vt, the son of Nathaniel
and Sarah (Hunt) Boardman. His earliest ancestor in
this country was Samuel Boardman, a Puritan, who set
tled in Connecticut in 1 63 1. In the public schools of
his native town he was fitted for Thetford Academy, and
graduated from that institution in 1854 as the valedic
torian of his class.
Entering Dartmouth
College in the same
year, he graduated
in 1858 with high
honors. After teach
ing the high school
in Leominster, Mass.,
one year, he con
tinued, in the office
of Norcross & Snow
a t Fitchburg, and
later with Philip H.
Sears at Boston, the
study of law, which
he had pursued while
teaching. Admitted
to the Suffolk bar in
i860, he began the
practice of law, i n
Boston, as senior
partner of the firm
of Boardman &
Blodgett, this rela
tion continuing until
the elevation of the
junior partner, Caleb
Blodgett, to the
bench of the Superior
Court. Subsequently,
Stephen H. Tyng was
admitted as partner, and later Frank Paul. Mr. Board-
man is now in practice alone. During the past few
years he has been engaged in various manufacturing
and railroad interests, which have necessitated frequent
and prolonged absences from the city and State. His
business and legal talents have made him influential in
many quarters. He is president of the Duluth & Win
nipeg Railroad Company, and a director of several other
railroad corporations. He is also president of the Evans

Coal Company, a large producer of anthracite coal in
Pennsylvania; president of the Commercial Mining
Company of Colorado, and director of the Boston
Marine Insurance Company. Mr. Boardman has been
repeatedly called by his fellow-citizens to public office.
From 1862 to 1864 he was commissioner of the Board
of Enrolment, under President Lincoln, for the fourth
Congressional district. He was also chairman of the
Republican Ward and City Committee of Boston in
1874, member of
the Common Coun
cil, and its president,
in 1875 ; Republican
candidate for mayor
in the same year;
member of the lower
House of the Massa
chusetts Legislature
from 1883 to 1885
inclusive. In the
House he was a
member of the Rail
road Committee dur
ing his entire term,
and House chairman
during the last two
years. In this capa
city he was instru
mental in securing a
large amount of legis
lation calculated to
improve the railroad
service in this State,
notably provisions
for the change of
railroad crossings,
safety couplers on
freight cars, regula-
tions against dis
crimination in freight
rates, and for improvement in signals and precautions
enforced against color blindness, — all matters involving
exhaustive examination and sound judgment. He was
elected to the State Senate in 18S7 and 1888, and was
president of that body both years. Mr. Boardman's
influence upon the railroad legislation of Massachusetts
has probably been as great and far-reaching as that of
any other man. He was married in 1862 to Miss
Georgia M. ITinman, of Boston. They have two daughters.

HALSEY J. BOARDMAN.

BOSTON.

125

JOHN M. GRAHAM, president of the International
Trust Company, was born June 25, 1843, of Scotch
parents, coming with them to this country when he was
ten years of age. From a long line of pure Scotch an
cestry he inherited those strong traits of character that
have enabled him to win a conspicuous place among
American financiers. He was educated in the Fitch
burg, Mass., public schools, and in i860 was appointed
librarian of the Fitchburg Public Library, at the same
time beginning the
study of law. He
gave so good satis
faction as assistant
librarian that in 1861
he was elected as
chief librarian over
his former superior
and competitor, re
ceiving a unanimous
re-election in 1862
and again in 1863,
when he resigned to
accept a position in
the Rollstone Bank
of Fitchburg. He
continued the study
of law, expecting to
be admitted to the
bar when he became
of age, but the at
tractions of banking
proved too strong,
and he relinquished
all thoughts of a legal
career. As assistant
cashier and as cashier
he remained with the
bank — which mean
while had become a
national bank —
until 1 88 1, when he resigned to take up the business of
the negotiation of municipal bonds and loans and com
mercial paper in Boston. In this he was very success
ful, his faculty of investigation making him a good judge
of credit, and he always refused to negotiate any loan
the quality of which was the least in doubt. In 1881
he was invited to the presidency of the International
Trust Company, which had been chartered and begun
business in 1879, but had not been eminently success-

JOHN M. GRAHAM

ful. Its capital stock was $300,000, selling on the
market at eighty cents on the dollar, the deposits
amounting to about $500,000. After an investigation,
Mr. Graham became satisfied that with good manage
ment the company could be made a success, and there
fore, on March 1, 1882, he accepted its presidency.
Putting his characteristic energy, industry and perse
verance into the work, and surrounding himself with an
able and conservative board of directors, the company
soon entered upon a
career of unexampled
prosperity. T o-d a y
the company, under
his management,
with its capital of
$1,000,000, its sur
plus (reserved earn
ings) of $700,000,
other undivided prof
its of $242,000, with
deposits of nearly
$6,000,000, and trust
deposits of over
$1,000,000, stands
second to no other
financial institution
in the city in the
character of its offi
cers and directors,
its conservative man
agement, financial
standing and public
esteem. The com
pany is also the only
trust or safe deposit
company in the city
owning its own' busi
ness quarters, which
in this case is not
only the most beau
tiful office building in Boston, but is, at the same time,
a credit to the broad, liberal and far-seeing management
of the company, and a monument to its president, who
by his ability, energy and perseverance, has contributed
so much to its remarkable success. Although with an
experience of over a quarter of a century in the pro
fession of banking, Mr. Graham is still a young man,
older than he looks, but with excellent health and a
great capacity for work.

126

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

CONSPICUOUS among the men of foreign birth
who have helped to maintain the high standing
of Massachusetts in the commercial and manufacturing
world is Robert Bleakie, who was born in Rutherglen,
Scotland, Aug. i, 1833. At the age of fourteen he ac
companied his father to Amesbury, Mass., where the
latter had been engaged by the Amesbury Manufacturing
Company to start for them the making of fancy cassi-
meres. Young Bleakie had already gone through the
training of bobbin
winding and power-
loom weaving, and
had served an
apprenticeship as a
hand - loom weaver,
so he, too, went to
work in Amesbury
on the power looms.
He remained here
four years, and
in 1852 went to
Providence, R. I.,
where he found em
ployment at $1.08 a
clay in the Elm
Street Mill. In 1858
John W. Stitt & Co.,
of New York, en
gaged him to take
charge of their fac
tories at Franklin,
N. J., where he was
highly successful in
his relations with
both employers and
employees. In i860
he hired a cotton
batting mill at Tol
land, Conn., and
fitted it up as a one-
set woollen mill, starting thus in business for himself.
The venture proved to be very successful, and flattering
offers were made to induce Mr. Bleakie to return to
Rhode Island. The negotiations were abandoned, how
ever, and Mr. Bleakie went to Hyde Park, Mass., where
he assumed the management of the Hyde Park Woollen
Company's mill. He retained this position until 1873,
when the mill was destroyed by fire. During the next
two years Mr. Bleakie visited and inspected a large

ROBERT BLEAKIE.

citizens.

number of mills throughout New England in the ca
pacity of an expert. The foundation of the present firm
of Robert Bleakie & Co. was laid in 1875, when Robert
Bleakie, John S. Bleakie, and C. F. Allen purchased the
Webster Mill at Sabattus, Me., and afterwards acquired
the Amesbury mills. In 1878 the firm bought and en
larged the Hyde Park Woollen Company's property.
No woollen manufacturing firm in the United States
stands higher in the market than Robert Bleakie & Co.
Though for years en
grossed in the cares
of a large manufac
turing business, Mr.
Bleakie has always
taken a lively inter
est in the laws that
govern trade, and
has made for himself
a reputation as an
original and vigorous
thinker on the tariff
question, to which
he has given much
attention. He is an
advocate of tariff re
duction and of free
raw materials. His
published letters on
this subject in 1888
and in subsequent
years have done
much toward chang
ing the sentiment of
New England manu
facturers on the tariff
question. AI r .
Bleakie has fre
quently been hon
ored with offices of
trust by his fellow-
He is chairman of the Hyde Park Board of
Selectmen, president of the Hyde Park Savings Bank,
and of the Hyde Park Water Company, and vice-
president of the Massachusetts Tariff Reform League.
He has also been an executive officer of the Woollen
Goods Association of New York City. In i860 Mr.
Bleakie married Miss Isabella Henderson, who died in
1880, leaving him three children. In 1882 he married
Miss Mary A. Wetherell, by whom he has one son.

BOSTON.

127

AMERICAN machinery leads the world. The Amer
ican machinist is consequently the first in his
class. A man of the times is Benjamin Franklin Radford.
He is a machinist of the best school. When, in 1872,
the American Tool and Machine Company found it
necessary to remove from Woburn and erect in Hyde
Park a new and enlarged foundry department, Mr.
Radford had been connected vvith the corporation for
eight years. No better illustration of the value of hav
ing such a man at the
helm can be given
than the fact that the
first year in Hyde
Park the company
employed but twenty-
four men, while to
day it gives employ
ment to about two
hundred and seventy-
five men at Hyde
Park, in addition to
one hundred and
twenty-five at its
Boston shop. The
weekly pay-roll, in
Hyde Park alone, is
about three thousand
dollars. Handsome
buildings have been
erected for the vari
ous departments o f
the company's works.
This business, turn
ing out implements
of world-wide fame,
has been built up
vvith Mr. Radford in
charge of its desti
nies, first, as super
intendent of con
struction, and now as president and general manager.
Benjamin Franklin, son of Daniel and Dorcas (Barton)
Radford, was born in Portland, Me., Oct. n, 1827. At
the age of twelve he was placed with a farmer in East
Limington, Me., to serve until he became of age, but in
1842 he was released from this obligation, and began to
learn his trade as a machinist in Manchester, N. H.,
being then fifteen years old. In 1846 he removed to
Gloucester, N. J., and, still in his teens, became a con-

BENJAMIN F. RADFORD.

tractor for the manufacture of cotton machinery, employ
ing from twenty to fifty men. From 1850 to 1857, Mr.
Radford was employed in and about Boston, part of the
time as superintendent for Howard & Davis, manufac
turers of clocks and sewing machines. In 1858 he
entered the firm of George H. Fox & Co., of Kingston
Street, Boston. In 1864 this firm transferred its busi
ness to the newly organized American Tool and Machine
Company, which corporation Mr. Radford has steadily
steered into the wa
ters of prosperity. Mr.
Radford is a potent
factor in the social,
political, and indus
trial interests of
Hyde Park. Besides
being one of the as
sociate incorporators
of the Hyde Park
Savings Bank when
it was organized in
187 1, Mr. Radford
was one of its vice-
presidents from 1871
to 1874, and again
from 1888 to the
present time. He
also served as trustee
and member of the
Board of Investment
from 1880 to 1887.
He was an incorpo
rator of the Hyde
Park Water Com
pany, of which he is
a director ; was pres
ident of the Waverly
Club from its incep
tion to 1890; is a
member of Hyde
Park Lodge, F. and A. M., and has been one of the vice-
presidents of the Hyde Park Historical Society since its
formation. He is a man of robust temperament, strong
and sturdy. With a frank and pleasant manner, he is
popular among his townsmen and business associates,
and his force of character has made him a natural leader.
In religion Mr. Radford is a Methodist. In politics
he is independent. Mr. Radford is happily married,
and his marriage has been blessed with children.

128

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

ALANSON WILDER BEARD, collector of the port
of Boston, was born in Ludlow, Vt., on Aug. 20,
1825, being the son of James and Chloe Bartlett (Wilder)
Beard. In 1835 Mr. Beard's parents removed to Stock-
bridge, and there he was bred as a farmer's son. At
home and in the public schools he gained his education,
and from the age of seventeen to twenty-one he taught
in the public and private schools. In the spring of
1847 he made his first business venture, becoming pro
prietor of the " gen
eral store " at Pitts
field, Vt. In April,
1853, he sold his
interest in this and
removed- to Boston,
where he entered the
wholesale clothing
business in Septem
ber, as a salesman for
Whiting, Kehoe oc
Gal loupe. In the
spring of 1856 he
went into business
for himself, as a
wholesale clothing
dealer, and continued
in the trade until
1879. He is still
connected vvith the
clothing business,
having a store in
Lowell. Mr. Beard
early took an interest
in public affairs, a
goodly part of his
life has been devoted
to public service, and
he has been signally
honored, politically.
While resident in
Pittsfield, Vt., he held several local offices from 1847
to 1853, and was postmaster of that place from 184S to
1854. In 1864 he was made a member of the Republi
can State Central Committee of Massachusetts, and suc
ceeded himself in 1865, 1866, 1883 and 1884. In 1875,
1876 and 1885 he was chairman of that committee. In
1870 and 1871 he was a member of the House of Repre
sentatives from Brookline, and from Boston in 1884 and
1885. In 1870 he was chairman of the Committee of

ALANSON WILDER BEARD.

Mercantile Affairs; in 1871, on prisons; in 1884, on
taxation, and in 1885 on finance. In all these four
years he was a member of the last-named committee.
In 187 1 Mr. Beard started an agitation for the exemp
tion of mortgage notes from taxation, and this he kept
up persistently until, in 1881, the law of exemption was
passed, and much of the credit for this valuable public
measure is clue to him. Mr. Beard was a delegate to
the National Republican Convention at Chicago ini868j
and again in 1888,
being in the latter
year a member of the
Committee on Reso
lutions, and one of
the sub-committee to
draft the same. In
1878 he was ap
pointed collector of
the port of Boston
and served as such
four years. In 1885
he was elected treas
urer of the Com
monwealth, and re
elected in 1886 and
1887, when he de
clined a re-nomina
tion. In 1890 he
was again made col
lector of the port by-
President Harrison.
In the councils of
the R e p u b 1 i c a 11
party Mr. Beard
stands very high, and
his integrity is frankly
acknowledged by his
political opponents.
He is a most effective
speaker on political
subjects, and for many years has taken an active part in
every political campaign in Massachusetts, his speeches
on the stump and at various gatherings of his party being
remarkable for their clearness, vigor, and aggressiveness.
He is a thorough Republican of the " old school." Mr.
Beard was married in 1848 to Mary Calista, daughter of
Harvey and Sophia (Roberts) Morgan. James Wallace
(deceased), Amherst Wilder (deceased), and Charles
Freehand Beard were the children of this union.

BOSTON.

129

IN most essential respects the Boston Journal is an
ideal newspaper, combining as it does reliability
with enterprise and brilliancy. The influence which it
wields to-day in New England is largely due to the
ability of its general manager, Stephen O'Meara, who
has done much to improve its various departments,
introduced new machinery and methods, changed the
old-fashioned folio to a modern quarto, greatly enlarged
its resources, and materially increased its circulation.
Mr. O'Meara was
born in Charlotte-
town, Prince Edward
Island, July 26, 1854,
and came to Boston
with his parents when
he was ten years of
age. He was edu
cated at the Harvard
Grammar School and
at the Charlestown
High School, from
which he graduated
with honors. His
regular newspaper
career began the day
after he left school,
for he was at once
engaged as Charles
town reporter for the
Boston Globe, a few
months later becom
ing a member of the
reportorial staff. He
remained on the
Globe until Decem
ber, 1874, when he
resigned to accept a
position as shorthand
reporter on the Bos
ton Journal. H i s
work as political reporter gained for him a substantial
reputation, and in May, 1879, he was promoted to the
position of city editor. In 1881, after the death of
Managing Editor Stockwell, Mr. O'Meara was advanced
to the post of news editor, a position which gave him
the immediate direction of all reporters and correspond
ents, and the supervision of the work of all persons
engaged in the collection and handling of news for the
Journal. He filled this position for ten years, and on

STEPHEN O'MEARA

July 1, 1 89 1, became general manager of the paper,
when failing health necessitated the resignation of the
late Colonel W. W. Clapp. Mr. O'Meara was for two
years president of the Charlestown High School Associa
tion, and in 1885 he was the orator of that organization
at its annual reunion. He was the first instructor in
phonography in the Boston Evening High School, in
which capacity he served with marked success for four
years. He has been auditor and is now treasurer and
a member of the
executive committee
of the New England
Associated Press.
His interest in jour
nalism and his popu
larity among news
paper men are
evidenced by the
fact that within a
few months after the
organization of the
Boston Press Club
he was elected its
president, in which
position he remained
for three years. He
is at present secre
tary and treasurer of
the Boston Daily
Newspaper Associa
tion, which is com
posed of the man
agers of the Boston
daily papers. M r .
O'Meara is a trustee
of the Massachusetts
-State Library by ap
pointment of Gov
ernor Brackett. He
has been a member
of the executive committee of the Republican Club of
Massachusetts, and served as member-at-large of the
Committee on Resolutions at the Republican State Con
vention of 1 89 1. In 1888, the honorary degree of
master of arts was conferred upon him by Dartmouth
College. Mr. O'Meara was married, in 1878, to Miss
Isabella M. Squire, of Charlestown, where he now resides
with his family of three children. His brother is Henry
O'Meara, the poet and journalist.

MO

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY,

THE city of Boston is recognized distinctly as a
musical, as well as an art and educational centre,
and it is there that the science of manufacturing musi
cal instruments of the highest standard and most subtile
mechanical nicety has reached its greatest development.
The man whose skill evolves a perfect musical instru
ment deserves proper recognition from the people of his
day and generation. Henry F. Miller was one of the
early manufacturers of pianofortes in Boston. He was
born in Providence,
R. I., Sept. 4, 1825,
and was the son of
Edward F. and Char
lotte Hitchcock Mil
ler. In his youth he
received a superior
general education,
but it was, without
doubt, his especial
fondness for music
that determined his
subsequent career.
His first business oc
cupation was that of
practical watchmaker
in his father's estab
lishment in Provi
dence, where h i s
inventive genius and
skill as a fine mech
anician won h i m
much local reputa
tion. He married
Frances V i rginia ,
daughter of Captain
George Child, of
Providence, R. I.,
and had seven chil
dren, five sons and
two .. daughters. In
1863 Mr. Miller established a pianoforte manufactory
in Boston, after having had, for many years previously,
a large experience with some of the piano makers of
that city. From the outset he determined to build in
struments of the highest grade only, whose merits would
secure recognition from the musical world. The beau
tiful quality of tone produced in the pianos he manu
factured instantly commanded the admiration and
patronage of many prominent musicians, and his busi-

HENRY F. MILLER.

ness had a permanent and steady growth. To-day the
reputation of these instruments is identified with con
certs of the highest grade everywhere, being especially
conspicuous in the orchestral concerts which are receiv
ing such marked attention in the larger cities of the
country. In Boston the warerooms are in the handsome
building at No. 156 Tremont Street, and there are
branch establishments in Philadelphia and Cincinnati.
The manufactory is at Wakefield, Mass., a suburb of
Boston, where the
plant covers over an
acre of ground, and
contains every facil
ity for the finest
work. The business
has steadily pros
pered, and for a long
time the house has
been recognized as
one of the leading
establishments in its
line of business. Mr.
Miller, soon after
starting his business,
was joined from time
to time by his five
sons, as they came
from school and col
lege ; the younger
sons are graduates of
the Massachusetts
Institute of Technol
ogy, where they com
pleted the full course
with credit. The sons
have all been thor
oughly trained in the
making of piano
fortes, and, together
with Mr. Joseph H.
with Mr. Miller from the
start, have present charge of the business. Mr. Miller
died in 1884, when the business was reorganized under
the corporate name of the Henry F. Miller & Sons Piano
Company, whose officers are as follows : president,
Henry F. Miller ; treasurer, James C. Miller ; clerk,
William T. Miller ; superintendent, Joseph H. Gibson ;
assistant superintendent, Edwin C. Miller ; directors,
H. F. Miller, J. H. Gibson, W. H. Miller, J. C. Miller.

Gibson, who was associatei

BOSTON.

131

EUGENE TOMPKINS, manager and sole owner of
the Boston Theatre, and manager and half owner
of the Academy of Music in New York, comes to his
position by right of natural ability and by virtue of
inheritance. He was born in Boston, Sept. 28, 1850,
and was educated at the Chauncy Hall School. Gradu
ating with high honors, he engaged for a short time in
mercantile pursuits, which he soon relinquished to enter
upon a managerial career under his father, who had
been for many years
at the head of the
Boston Theatre. In
1877 he made his
first important ven
ture. While on a
visit to Europe he
saw "The Exiles,"
and secured the
American rights to
the play from Sar-
dou. It was brought
out at the Boston
Theatre under his
direction, was a pro
nounced success,
and gave him at once
repute as a young
man of excellent
judgment. In 1878
Mr. Tompkins began
his active connection
with the Boston
Theatre, and from
that time his mana
gerial record has
been distinguished
by some of the great
est successes that
the American stage
has known. The
noted Boston Theatre productions that have been
brought out by him have excelled in brilliancy and
effectiveness of stage presentation, and in artistic and
financial success, anything of the kind produced else
where during this period. The list includes "The Sou
dan," which had the phenomenal run of one hundred
and sixty-nine nights in Boston. The magnificence
vvith which he invested "The Black Crook," in 1892, at
the New York Academy of Music, is the talk of the pro

fession. Probably no manager of Mr. Tompkins's years
carries at the present time such varied and important
interests, and manages them so successfully. His busi
ness methods are direct and straightforward, and he
enjoys the confidence of all who come in contact with
him. He is of an unassuming disposition, and accom
plishes his purposes in the least aggressive manner,
although decided and outspoken. His fealty to the
public is recognized by his patrons generally, with the
result that the Bos
ton Theatre has en
joyed the counte
nance and support
of the best people
in the community.
This feeling was es
pecially shown when,
in May, 1882, he was
tendered a testimo
nial, in which the
mayor of the city,
the governor of the
commonwealth, ex-
mayors, ex-gover
nors, and the most
prominent people in
Boston united in
cordial commenda
tion of his efforts to
serve the public.
Mr. Tompkins is an
agreeable companion
among those w h o
know him well, is a
member of leading
clubs of Boston
and New York, and
personally is a man
of great popularity.
He does not make
friends rashly, but his friendship is staunch and true,
and his intercourse with business or social acquaint
ances is distinguished by frankness, sincerity and cour
tesy. It is abundant evidence of his rare good qualities
of character that those who come in contact with him
socially or in business are his most enthusiastic admir
ers. He holds his friends, who are by no means con
fined to the dramatic profession, strongly and closely by
the firmest bonds of loyalty.

EUGENE TOMPKINS.

132

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

MORE than half a century of an honorable and
properous business career, that is still pursued
in the place where it began, — that is the record of
Theodore Metcalf. His name is almost synonymous
with the pharmaceutical trade of Boston, and he has
made it stand for reliability and honesty. Mr. Metcalf
was born in Dedham, Mass., Jan. 21, 1812. He comes
of old colonial stock, his ancestors having come
from England and settled in Dedham in 1634, fourteen
years after the land
ing of the Pilgrims.
In 1826, at the age
of fourteen, Mr.
Metcalf went to
Hartford, Conn.,
and served his ap
prenticeship as drug
gist's clerk. He re
mained there ten
years, and in 1837
came to Boston,
where he started in
business for himself
at No. 39 Tremont
Street. Here he
has continued ever
since. A branch
house was established
later, on the Back
Bay, at the corner
of Boylston and Clar
endon streets. The
fiftieth anniversary
of Mr. Metcalf's
business life in Bos
ton was celebrated
March 29, 1887,
with a complimen
tary dinner tendered
to him at the Revere
House by about one hundred of the leading men of
Boston, including members of the Druggists' Associa
tion, his Honor Mayor O'Brien, Dr. Oliver Wendell
Holmes, William Warren, the actor, Dr. Thomas L.
Jenks, and others. There were also present many
prominent druggists from New York, Philadelphia, and
other cities. The Autocrat helped to make the occa
sion memorable by one of his characteristically witty
speeches, giving many reminiscences of the days when

THEODORE METCALF.

he was a -medical practitioner, and when Mr. Metcalf
filled his prescriptions. Governor Ames and other dis
tinguished officials, who were unable to be present, sent
letters of regret, testifying to their appreciation of Mr.
Metcalf's sterling character, and his long and honorable
career. Mr. Metcalf was one of the organizers of the
Druggists' Association, and was its first president. He
is still an active member of that body and of most of the
other pharmaceutical organizations. His interests have
not by any means
been wholly confined
to his private busi
ness, for he is one
of Boston's most
public-spirited citi
zens. Mr. Metcalf
has been a member
of the Board of State
Charities of Massa
chusetts, and for
nine years was one
of the trustees of
the Boston City Hos
pital, no emoluments
or remuneration ac
companying e it h e r
position. In the
latter capacity h i s
wise counsels were
of great value to
that institution.
Political honors have
frequently been
offered to Mr. Met-
calf, but he has
always declined
them. With the ex
ception of two years
and a half which he
spent in Europe for
rest and recreation, and a brief period when he was en
gaged in the manufacture of chemicals, Mr. Metcalf
has been continuously in business at No. 39 Tremont
Street since March, 1837. This is a record which
is almost if not quite without a parallel in Boston
business life. He was married in 1864 to the daughter
of Mr. E. D. Sohier, of Boston. Five children, the
youngest of whom is a son, have been added to the
family.

BOSTON.

L0J

STATESMAN, lawyer, and publicist, the bare facts of
the career of Charles Theodore Russell would
require more space for their recital than is here possible.
He is the son of the Hon. Charles and Persis Hastings
Russell, and was born in Princeton, Mass., Nov. 20,
1815. His father was for many years a leading citizen
of that town, and his mother, who was a descendant in
a direct line of a younger brother of the Earl of Hunting
ton, was remarkable for her attainments and worth.
The family is de
scended from Puritan
emigrants who came 
to Boston about the
year 1640. Charles
Theodore was pre
pared for college
partly at the small
academy in Prince
ton, and partly under
the instruction of the
Rev. Mr. Cowles .
At a personal sacri
fice on the part of
both parents, he and
his brother were
enabled to go through
Harvard University.
He took high rank in
his class, and upon
graduation delivered
the Latin salutatory,
and the valedictory
oration when he re
ceived his master's
degree. After leav
ing college, Mr. Rus
sell read law in the
office of Henry H.
Fuller. He subse
quently entered the
Harvard Law School, and was admitted to the bar in
1839. He practised law with Mr. Fuller as partner for
two years, and then opened an office for himself ; and
in 1845 he and his brother formed the firm of C. T. &
T. H. Russell, which still exists. In addition to the
original partners, the firm now includes Mr. Russell's
two sons, Charles T., Jr., and William E., and his
nephew, Arthur H. Up to 1855, Mr. Russell lived in
Boston, and then removed to Cambridge, where he now

CHARLES THEODORE RUSSELL.

resides. He is deeply interested in politics, and in
economic and historical matters. He was a member of
the House of Representatives from Boston in 1844,
1845, and 1850, of the Senate from Suffolk County in
185 1 and 1852, and from the county of Middlesex
in 1877 and 1878. He was mayor of Cambridge in 1861
and 1862. He has been a professor in the Law School
of Boston University from its foundation. He was for
many years a leading member of the Board of Visitors
of the Theological
Institution at An
dover, as well as its
secretary. He is a
member of the Amer
ican Board of Foreign
Missions ; of the
American Oriental
Society ; of the Bos-
ton Young Men's
Christian Associa
tion, of which he was
% second president ; of
the Society for Pro
moting Theological
Education among
the Indians ; of the
American College
and Educational So
ciety ; president of
the Board of Minis
terial Aid, and has
been president of the
Congregational Club.
Mr. Russell has deliv
ered many orations,
including the oration
upon the Fourth of
July in Boston in
1851, and is an ad
vocate of remarkable
attainments. On June 1, 1840, Mr. Russell married
Sarah Elizabeth, only daughter of Joseph Ballister, a
Boston merchant. Ten children are the result of this
marriage, six daughters and four sons. Of the sons,
Charles T., Jr., and William E. are members of the law
firm, and William E. Russell, the youngest son, is the
present governor of Massachusetts. Mr. Russell pre
sided over the Democratic State Convention in 1892
which nominated his son for governor,

'34

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

LEOPOLD MORSE was born in Wachenheim, Rhe
nish Palatinate, Bavaria, in August, 1831. At the
age of seventeen he came alone to America in a sailing
vessel to join an elder brother who was in business in
New Hampshire. Coming to Boston in 1849, he found
employment in a store on Milk Street as errand boy, at
$2.50 a week. Soon after, he went to work for Henry
Herman, a clothing dealer, who encouraged young Leo
pold and his brother to open a clothing store in New
Bedford. The Morse
brothers returned to
Boston aftei a time,
however, and bought
out Mr. Herman's
business. Prosperity
followed, and M r .
Morse sent to Ger
many for his mother,
three sisters, and
four brothers. After
the death of the
older brother, the
responsibility of sup
porting his mother
and sisters and edu
cating his youngest
brother fell upon
Leopold Morse — a
task that was accom
plished most nobly
and well. Mr. Morse
successively trans
ferred his business
from Noith to Milk
Street, and thence to
Dock Square, and
finally, purchasing
the Brattle Square
Church property, he
built upon the site
the substantial block at the corner of Washington and
Brattle streets, where the business is now located. Mr.
Morse's political career is without a parallel in New
England public affairs. Without having served the
usual political apprenticeship in the city government
and State Legislature, he was nominated for Congress
by the Democrats of the old fourth district in 1872. In
that year and in 1874, when he was again the candidate,
he was defeated, as the district was overwhelmingly

LEOPOLD MORSE

Republican. In 1876, however, he was elected by
twelve hundred majority. After a successful term in
Congress, during which he attracted attention by his
independent course in legislation, he was re-elected by
a largely increased majority in 1878. Three more
re-elections followed. During the whole of Mr. Morse's
congressional career of ten years, he was most useful to
his constituents, and was especially the friend of all
sorts of people in their dealings with the government.
His great influence
with cabinet minis
ters and lesser func
tionaries was due to
his kindly, frank, and
straightforward man
ner, and to the nat
ural desire of State
officials to gain the
vote and influence of
an independent con
gressman for their
special measures.
He was one of the
strongest advocates
of a national bank
ruptcy law, and was
identified with the
cause of civil service
reform in Congress.
He was also a lead
ing supporter of tariff
reform. In 1888 he
might have had the
Democratic nomina
tion for governor of
Massachusetts if he
had but said the
word. Mr. M o r s e
was twice a delegate
to National Demo
cratic conventions. In business he was one of the con
spicuous successes of New England, and his great wealth
was generously used. He was prominent in many chari
ties, having founded and endowed the Boston Home for
Aged and Infirm Hebrews and Orphanage. Mr. Morse
was ] .resident of the Suffolk Club, and was at one time
president of the Boston Post Publishing Company. He
died suddenly in December, 1892, having been taken ill
at a business men's banquet.

BOSTON.

135

FOUR years in succession the Republicans of Boston
nominated Thomas Norton Hart for mayor, and
twice he was elected, serving in 1889 and 1890. In
1 89 1 he was appointed by President Harrison postmas
ter of Boston, to succeed General Corse, and he has
kept the efficiency of the post-office up to the standard
set by his predecessors. He was born in North Reading,
Mass., Jan. 20, 1829. His father was Daniel Hart,
whose ancestors settled in Lynnfield. His mother's
father was Major
John Norton, of
Royalston, who
fought in the Revo
lution. Mr. Hart
received a plain edu
cation, such as the
count ry schools
afforded in the thir
ties, and when a lad
of thirteen he came
to Boston to earn his
living. He found
employment with
Wheelock, Pratt &
Co., dry goods deal
ers. Two years later,
in 1844, he was clerk
in a hat store, and
subsequently became
partner in the firm
of Philip A. Locke &
Co., in Dock Square.
In i860, Mr. Locke
retired from business,
and Mr. Hart as
sumed control, form
ing shortly after the
well-known firm of
Hart, Taylor & Co.,
which was highly
successful. Mr. Hart went out of business in 1878 with
a competency. Soon after, he was chosen president of
the Mt. Vernon National Bank, of which he is still the
head. He was a member of the Boston Common Coun
cil from 1879 to 1881, and of the Board of Aldermen in
1882, 1885 and 1886. His vote for mayor rose steadily
from 18,685 t0 32,7I2> the latter being the highest ever
polled by a Republican in Boston. It has been said,
with much truth, that he commanded the support and

THOMAS NORTON HART

confidence of the people rather than of party men. All
his nominations came to him unsought, unbought and
unpledged. In making appointments he has always
looked to fitness first, and to party afterward. He has
treated government as a business, to be conducted on
business principles, and with a view to the public good
as the first and last consideration. He is an ardent
supporter of the civil service laws, and of their loyal
application in city, State and nation. For the postal
service he laid down
the rule that new
appointees should
generally begin at
the foot of the lad
der, and that the
advanced positions
should be filled by
promotion. He
believes that the fre
quent collection and
quick despatch of
mail matter is of
equal importance
with the frequent and
prompt delivery of
mails received. The
postal service at the
stations and in the
residence districts,
therefore, has re
ceived Postmaster
Hart's attention, and
the rapid work of the
central office has
been extended as
much as possible to
the entire postal dis
trict of Boston. Mr.
Hart has been treas
urer of the American
Unitarian Association, and an officer of the Church of
the Unity. He is a member of the Algonquin and the
Hull Yacht clubs. He was married in 1850 to Miss
Elizabeth Snow, of Bowdoin, Me. They have one child,
a daughter, now the wife of C. W. Ernst, the assistant
postmaster of Boston. Mr. Hart enjoys the utmost con
fidence both of politicians and of business men. His
administration of the municipal affairs of Boston was
able and above all reproach.

I 36

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

BREVET BRIGADIER-GENERAL NATHAN A.
M. DUDLEY, United States Army, was born
in Lexington, Mass., Aug. 20, 1825, and was brigade
and division inspector of State troops prior to
March 3, 1855, on which date he was commissioned
first lieutenant, Tenth Infantry, United States Army.
He served with the command in the Indian country
west of the Missouri River, campaigning against the
Sioux, Cheyennes, and other tribes; commanded his
company at the bat
tle of Blue Water;
and in the fall of
1856 explored the
country between the
Sweetwater and Fort
Snelling, Minn., a
region untravelled by
a white man before.
His company formed
part of the Utah ex-
pedition in 1857
which failed in its
m i s s i o n, and was
forced to camp for
five months on
Black's Fork, re
duced to half rations
without salt. Pro
moted to a captaincy
on the breaking out
of the Civil War, he
was ordered to the
nation's capital, re
maining in that city
until February, 1862,
when he obtained
leave of absence, to
accept the colonelcy
of the Thirtieth Mas
sachusetts Regiment,
which accompanied General Butler to New Orleans.
He was assigned to the command of that city after its
occupation. In June he led a successful expedition
into the interior of Louisiana from Baton Rouge. He
commanded a brigade in the first demonstrations against
Vicksburg, directed all the movements on the field at
the battle of Baton Rouge, after the fall of General
Williams, and was breveted major in the regular army
for gallant conduct on that occasion. In December he

became inspector-general for the Department of the Gulf,
in the spring of 1863 was placed in command of the
Third Brigade of Augur's Division at Baton Rouge,
successfully conducted an expedition up the Mississippi
to open communication with Commodore Farragut, and
during the siege of Port Hudson was in command of a
large brigade with five batteries of artillery attached,
being personally under fire during the entire siege of
forty-five days. On the surrender of that stronghold he
was ordered to Don-
aldsonville with two
brigades, and fought
the battle of Cox's
Plantation. He was
chief of staff in
Banks's expedition
to Texas, organized
the Fourth Cavalry
Brigade, and com
manded the same in
the disastrous Red
River Campaign,
joined the Nine
teenth Army Corps
in the Shenandoah
Valley, was ordered
in February, 1864,
to report to Major-
General Thomas,
Department of the
Cumberland, and
placed in command
of nine thousand
troops at Tullahoma,
Tenn., which posi
tion he held until
the close of the war.
Subsequently he
served as commis
sioner of the Freed-
men's Bureau. For two years he commanded the dis
trict of Vicksburg. On the reorganization of the army,
in 1870, he was assigned to the arm of the cavalry ser
vice employed in the Indian country, and was promoted
colonel of the First Cavalry in 1883, which command he
retained until his retirement in 1889. General Dudley
received five brevets during the war, four in the regular
army, for gallant and meritorious services, and accord
ing to his official record was over ninety days under fire.

NATHAN A. M. DUDLEY.

BOSTON.

137

PRIMARILY, F. E. Orcutt's name is associated with
the military history of Massachusetts in the six
ties, but he is not alone known as a war veteran, for of
recent years he has figured prominently in the civil and
business history of the Commonwealth. Mr. Orcutt was
born in Cambridge, Mass., Oct. 10, 1842. His educa
tion in the public schools was supplemented by a course
of business study in Eastman's College, at Poughkeep-
sie, N. Y., after which he found employment in a book-
bindery in Boston.
He was a young man
when the war broke
out ; indeed, the rec
ords in the adjutant-
general's office at the
State House show that
when he enlisted, in
June, 1862, in de
fence of the Union,
he was only nineteen
years old. He went
to the front as a
member of Company
F, Th irty-eigh t h
Massachusetts Vol
unteers, and served
in Virginia and
Maryland until his
regiment was ordered
to join the Banks ex
pedition to the De-
partment of the
Gulf. Eleven months
after Mr. Orcutt left
home, he was de
tailed for duty at
General Banks' head
quarters, and during
the expedition above
mentioned he served
so creditably in the ordnance and engineering depart
ment that he received the commission of lieutenant of
engineers. His next work was in connection with the
Texas expedition, and he did excellent service on the
Rio Grande. After a visit to Mexico, where Maximilian
was then reigning, he returned to the Gulf headquarters,
where he served until February, 1865, when he was
honorably mustered out of service, and immediately
went to his home. Mr. Orcutt's first business venture

F. E. ORCUTT.

was in 1874, when he became interested in the custom
clothing trade, in the firm of Allen & Orcutt, later
Starratt & Orcutt. In 1887 he became financial mana
ger of the Middleton Paper Mill Company, and two
years later was appointed by President Harrison collec
tor of internal revenue for the Massachusetts district, a
position which he occupies at the present time. To
this position and the business lines above indicated
Mr. Orcutt has devoted the most of his energies, but
they fall far short of
telling the story of
his active business
life. For example, he
is the president of
the Colorado Farm
Loan Company, pres
ident of the Silver
Light Gas Company,
and a director of the
Standard Coal Com
pany. He has always
been a prominent
member of the Grand
Army of the Repub
lic, and his interest
in the welfare of that
organization led him
to give aid and coun
sel to the work of
establishing the
" Grand Army Rec
ord," a publication
which is printed in
Boston. He is a
member of the
Grand Commandery,
Knights Templars,
and of the Grand
Council Royal and
Select Masters, the
Red Men, the Royal Arcanum, and other similar bodies.
For sixteen years he was auditor of the town of Melrose,
Mass., where he resides with his wife, formerly Miss
Lucy A. Rhodes, of New Britain, Conn., and his two chil
dren. Mr. Orcutt is a man of commanding presence
and is popular with his old comrades and esteemed by
the business men of the State. Few men in Massachu
setts have a wider acquaintance in commercial and
social circles than he.

'38

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

IT is as the friend of the boys and girls of his State
that John S. Paine, traveller and philanthropist,
would wish to be known, were it not that his aversion
to notoriety is so strong that it is difficult to draw from
him information of a personal nature. The Cambridge
Boys and Girls' Christian Band, now in its ninth year,
with a membership of twenty-three hundred, is the crea
tion of Mr. Paine. Its inception being his idea, he
has carefully nursed and fostered it until it has become
the all-absorbing
theme of his life. " I
would rather," said
Mr. Paine, "have my
boys and girls' band
than all the honors,
political or otherwise,
that could be offered
to me." All of the
expenses of this use
ful and worthy or-
ganization are
personally borne by
him, and he devotes
much of his time to
its affairs, instructing
the children by illus-
t rated lectures of
travel and curious
relics from foreign
lands. An extensive
and experienced trav
eller, Mr. Paine pos
sesses the rare power
of making himself
peculiarly interesting
to children, and as he
likes the work, both
parties to the ar
rangement are con
tented. John S .
Paine was born at Uxbridge, Mass., sixty-eight years
ago. He attended the public school until he was twelve
years old, and received the rest of his education at the
Uxbridge Academy. At the age of twenty he left his
father's farm and entered the country store of P. Whit
ing & Son, at WhitingsviUe, Mass. After remaining there
for two years he came to Boston, where he began his
career, his whole capital amounting to considerably less
than five dollars. Here he took the quickest means of

acquiring a knowledge of the furniture trade, and soon
became a practical cabinet-maker. About forty years
ago he entered into a partnership with his brother-in-law,
L. B. Shearer, which continued until the death of that
gentleman, about twenty-four years ago. Mr. Paine
then continued in business for himself in the neighbor
hood in Boston, where his well-known establishment
now stands. He conducted his rapidly-growing business
alone until seven years ago, when his son, brother and
nephew became
members of the firm,
his nephew, Mr.
Shearer, being a son
of his former partner.
Sixteen years ago
Mr. Paine bought the
land on which he
built the present
immense manufac
tory and warehouse.
The building is one
hundred and fifty
feet square, and con
tains seven floors. At
one time the firm had
branch establish
ments at Chicago,
New York and New
Orleans. Mr. Paine's
marriage has been
blessed with three
children, a son and
two daughters. I n
religion he is a Bap
tist, and is deeply in
terested in C hris-
tian work. He has
been superintendent
of Baptist Sunday
schools in Cambridge
twenty-five years. Mr. Paine is a prominent Prohibi
tionist, but is otherwise independent in politics. He
is passionately fond of travel, and has wandered much
in foreign countries. He spends his winters in Cuba,
where he is as much at home as in Boston. In his
business methods Mr. Paine has made it a rule to keep
abreast of the times. Integrity comes first in his com
mercial lexicon, after which push and enterprise fol
low. This is the secret of his success.

JOHN S. PAINE

BOSTON.

039

AS president of a national bank and several large
corporations, and with a long and honorable
record of public service, Samuel Little is one of the
most respected of Boston's business men. He was born
in Hingham, Mass., Aug. 15, 1827, the son of Isaac and
Sally (Lincoln) Little. His maternal ancestry runs back
to Samuel Lincoln, who came from Hingham, England,
and settled in Hingham, Mass., in 1637. In his boy
hood Mr. Little attended the Derby Academy at Hing
ham, and after leav
ing school became
cashier and book
keeper for Daniell
& Co., dry goods
dealers, Boston. In
1850, he was made
receiving teller in
the Bank of Com
merce, then just
organized, and three
years later, on the
organization of the
Rockland National
Bank, at Roxbury,
became its cashier.
He was subsequently,
upon the death of
Samuel Walker,
elected president of
the bank, a position
which he still occu
pies. Mr. Little has
long been identified
with the street rail
way interests of Bos
ton. He was one of
the organizers of the
Highland Street
Railway in 1872, and
its treasurer until its
consolidation with the Middlesex Street Railway Com
pany, and since the uniting of all the street railways in
Boston in the West End Company, he has been one of
the directors of this corporation. Mr. Little is also
president of the E. Howard Watch and Clock Company,
of the Boston Lead Manufacturing Company, of the
Bay State Gas Company and of the Roxbury Gas Light
Company, and a director of the Boston, Dorchester,
and South Boston Gas Light Companies. He is also a

SAMUEL LITTLE

trustee of the Roxbury Institution for Savings, and was
one of the incorporators of the Roxbury Homoeopathic
Dispensary. For more than twenty years Mr. Little
took an active part in public life. He was a member
of the Roxbury Common Council in 1856-57; member
of the Roxbury Board of Aldermen, 1861-68; mem
ber of the Boston Board of Aldermen (after the annexa
tion of Roxbury), in 1871 and 1872, being chairman of
the board the latter year ; member of the Massachusetts
House of Represen
tatives from Roxbury
in 1864 and 1865,
and one of the Board
of Directors of Pub-
1 i c Institutions o f
Boston from 1873
till 1882, and presi
dent of the board
from 1877 until his
retirement. As one
of the State agents
for the improvement
of the South Boston
flats belonging to the
Commonwealth, a s
referee in many
notable cases, par
ticularly that of the
City of Boston vs. the
Boston Belting Com
pany, and as trustee
and executor of
many large estates,
Mr. Little has always
displayed the quali
ties of a sagacious
and honorable busi
ness man. He is
past master of Wash
ington Lodge, F. and
A. M., past commander of Joseph Warren Commandery,
and a member of Mt. Vernon Royal Arch Chapter. Mr.
Little was married in Hingham, June 6, 1855, to Eliza
beth, daughter of Micajah and Eliza (Parker) Malbon.
He has one son, Arthur Malbon Little, who is treasurer
of the E. Howard Watch and Clock Company. Mr.
Little's unbroken record of faithful public service and
his successful business career place him among the truly
representative men of the Commonwealth.

140

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

DANIEL ELDREDGE was born at Chatham, Mass.,
July 7, 1 84 1, his father having been lost at sea a
few months prior to his birth. The widowed mother
moved to Dedham, Mass., during the infancy of
Daniel, and his boyhood days were nearly all passed in
that historic town. He attended the grammar school
there, his teacher for a part of the time being the late
Charles A. Richardson, of the Congregationalist, Boston.
The opening of the Civil War found him in New Hamp
shire, and he enlisted
at Lebanon, in that
State, Aug. 2, 1861,
as a member of the
Third Regiment of
New Hampshire
Volunteers, being
assigned to Company
K, the members of
which were princi
pally from Dover.
He followed the for
tunes of the regiment
at the seat of war
until Aug. 16, 1864,
when he received a
severe wound in the
left forearm which
ended his service in
the field. He was
in action at Seces-
sionville, James Isl
and, June 16, 1862,
at the capture of
Morris Island, July
10, 1863, and par
ticipated in the
memorable charge
on Fort Wagner, July
18, 1863, where he
was slightly wounded
in the foot. He was placed on detached service at
Concord, N. H., in which he spent the latter part of
1863, returning to his regiment in January, 1864. He
participated in the battles of Drury's Bluff, May 13, 14,
15 and 16, 1864, and in the several actions of his regi
ment during the summer of 1864, until receiving the
wound that incapacitated him for further active sen ice
at the front. After spending some time first at the
Chesapeake Hospital, near Fortress Monroe, and later

DANIEL ELDREDGE,

in the Officers' Hospital at Annapolis, he obtained a
leave of absence. In December, 1864, he was assigned
to duty at Concord, N. H., although his arm was in a
sling and his wound still unhealed. In May, 1865, he
was transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps and or
dered to join Company A, Third Regiment, of that
corps, at New Haven, Conn., serving there, and later at
Hartford. He was discharged June 30, 1866, his ser
vices being no longer required. He rose from a private
through the interme
diate grades to the
rank of captain. In
1870 he located in
Boston, in which city
he now resides, and
in 1877, with others,
assisted the Hon.
Josiah Quincy in es
tablishing in Massa
chusetts the building
association system,
now known as co
operative banks.
He was the first sec
retary of the Pioneer
Co-operative Bank,
the first co-operative
bank organized un
der the Massachu
setts law, and since
that time has been
largely identified
with the business
generally, being at
present secretary
and treasurer of
three large banks —
Pioneer, Homestead

and Guardian —
which occupy one
office, and the combined assets of which reach nearly
$1,000,000. Enjoying the reputation of an expert in
his particular business, his service and counsel are
sought by many. He is a member of the Masonic fra
ternity, Grand Army of the Republic, and of the Military
Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. To
the development of co-operative banks in Massachusetts,
which have proved such a boon to workingmen, Mr.
Eldredge has contributed not a little.

BOSTON.

141

TO that class of earnest workers for the good of their
fellow-men belongs Mr. Robert Treat Paine, who
for more than a score of years has devoted a goodly
share of his time and fortune to the advancement of
philanthropic and humanitarian enterprises. The scion
of a well-known New England family, — his great-grand
father signed the Declaration of Independence, — Mr.
Paine was born in Boston, Oct. 28, 1835, the son of
Charles Cushing and Fanny Cabot (Jackson) Paine.
He graduated from
the Boston Latin
School at the age of
fifteen. In 1851 he
entered Harvard,
graduating with hon
ors in 1855. A year's
study in the Harvard
Law School followed,
and then two years
of travel and study in
Europe. Returning
in 1858, Mr. Paine
resumed the study of
law. Admitted to
the bar in 1859, he
practised until 1870,
when the fortune
which he had amassed
permitted him, at the
age of thirty-five, to
retire from active
business. He b e -
came one of the com
mittee that had
charge of the build
ing of Trinity Church.
In 1878 he helped to
organize the Associ
ated Charities of
Boston, and was
chosen and remains /its first president. This society
introduced new methods of charity in dealing with
distress, which have won the approval of all classes.
Many other cities when about to start their Associated
Charities have come to Boston, and to Mr. Paine, for
information. In 1879 Mr. Paine organized the Wells
Memorial Workingmen's Institute, which has become
the largest workingmen's club in the United States. It
embraces a loan association, a co-operative bank and a

ROBERT TREAT PAINE.

building association. Of these allied organizations Mr.
Paine is president. He also originated the Working-
men's Loan Association, the success of which venture is
fully established. In 1891 Mr. Paine was elected presi
dent of the American Peace Society. He has built
over two hundred small houses sold on easy credits, and
originated the Workingmen's Building Association, which
has built in the same way over one hundred houses.
He helped to introduce the system of co-operative
banks into Massachu
setts. In 1884 Mr.
Paine represented
Waltham in the
Massachusetts House
o f Representatives,
and was the candi
date for Congress in
the fifth Massachu
setts district. He is
a member of the ves
try of Trinity church ;
of the executive com
mittee of the Epis
copal City Mission ;
trustee of donations
to the Protestant
Episcopal church ;
member of the Soci
ety for the Suppres
sion of Vice, and
vice-president of the
Children's Aid Soci
ety. In 1887 he
endowed a ten thou
sand dollar fellowship
in Harvard College,
" to ameliorate the
lot of the mass of
mankind." In 1890
Mr. and Mrs. Paine
created and endowed a trust of about two hundred
thousand dollars, called the Robert Treat Paine Associ
ation. The trust deeds provide that these charities are
to be always carried on by the founders and their chil
dren. Mr. Paine has published many pamphlets and
addresses, all of them dealing with social problems. He
was married in 1862 to Lydia Williams Lyman, grand
daughter of Theodore Lyman, the distinguished Boston
merchant. Seven children have been born of this union.

142

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

TO the mechanical genius and business enterprise of
George Leonard Damon, president of the Damon
Safe and Iron "Works Company, is largely due the high
stage of development which the safe industry has attained
in America. He was born in Stoughton, Mass., July 15,
1843, the son of Leonard and Elizabeth P. (Linfield)
Damon. His early education was obtained in the pub
lic schools of Stoughton and of East Boston, whither his
parents removed when he was twelve years old. After
graduating from the
Adams School, in
1 8 6 1 , he went to
the Harrison Loring
Works in South Bos-
t o n as apprentice,
his special aim being
to qualify himself as
a mechanical engi
neer for the con
struction of marine
engines, the build
ing of vessels, and
all kinds of iron
steamship work.
His progress was so
marked that on the
completion of his
apprenticeship he re
ceived a responsible
position from Charles
Staples & Son, of
Portland, Me., who
had obtained a con
tract for the con
struction of a light-
draught monitor. In
1866, with others, he
bought out the safe
manufacturing busi
ness in Boston of
the Tremont Safe Company. After conducting that
business two years and a half the firm sold out to
the American Steam Safe Company, and Mr. Damon
returned to Portland and was made a partner with C.
Staples cv Son, where he did a large amount of special
designing of stationary and marine engine work and
added to his reputation as a mechanical engineer. In
1870 he was induced to return to Boston to take charge
of the manufacturing department of the American Steam

GEORGE L. DAMON

Safe Company, successors of the old firm of Denio X:
Roberts, and four years later bought out the entire plant.
Since then his business has steadily increased, until now
he has the manufactory in Cambridgeport, and has also
established a large plant in Philadelphia, giving constant
employment to two hundred men. Mr. Damon has con
structed vaults for most of the banks and safe deposit
companies in New England, and for several years fur
nished all the work of this class ordered by the United
States Treasury De
partment. The large
vaults in use by the
Treasury Depart-
ment at Washington
and every sub-treas
ury vault in the
country, including
those in San Fran
cisco, have been con-
structed by Mr.
Damon. In the
seventies, at the re
quest of Secretary of
the Treasury Bris-
tow, he remodelled
the United States
Treasury vaults at
New York. All the
labor, requiring a
number of workmen,
had to be performed
outside of business,
hours, and during
the whole time of
reconstruction nearly
two hundred million
dollars were stored
in the vaults con
stantly within arms'
reach of the work
men. Mr. Damon safely accomplished the task without a
cent of loss and to the great satisfaction of the government
officials. The numerous safes and vaults in the great
Exchange Building, the Boston Safe Deposit Company,
Old Colony Trust Company, and Bay State Trust Com
pany, were of his construction. A consolidation of all
the safe manufacturing interests of the country has just
been effected, with a capital of five million dollars, and
Mr. Damon has been elected its treasurer.

BOSTON.

143

X

JOHN CUMMINGS HAYNES, son of John Dear
born and Eliza W. (Stevens) Haynes, was born in
Brighton (now a part of Boston), Sept. 9, 1829. He
left the English High School at the age of fifteen, and
in 1845 went as a boy into the service of the late Oliver
Ditson, the music publisher. In 185 1 he received an
interest in the business, and in 1857 was admitted to
partnership, the firm becoming Oliver Ditson & Co.
After the death of the senior partner, in December,
1888, the Oliver Dit
son Company was
incorporated, with
Mr. Haynes as presi
dent. The head-
quarters of the busi
ness are in the large
building Nos. 453 to
463 Washington
Street, and the branch
houses are as follows :
John C. Haynes &
Co., Boston ; Charles
H. Ditson & Co.,
New York, and J. E.
Ditson & Co., Phila
delphia. The growth
of this great music
publishing house has
kept pace with the
growth of musical
taste and culture in
the United States,
and its influence as
an educational agent
can scarcely be esti
mated. Mr. Haynes
has also been inter
ested in large and
successful real estate
ventures, that have
materially added to the assessed valuation of the city of
Boston. In early life, after having been for many years
a scholar in a Baptist Sunday school, he became inter
ested, in 1848, in the preaching of Theodore Parker
and in the Twenty-eighth Congregational Society, which
was organized " to give Theodore Parker a chance to
be heard in Boston," and was for many years chairman
of its standing committee. Mr. Haynes was active in
the construction of the Parker Memorial Building and

JOHN C. HAYNES.

instrumental in its recent transfer to the Benevolent
Fraternity of Churches. He was also one of the organ
izers of the Parker Fraternity of Boston. Of late years
he has been connected with the Church of the Unity, of
which Rev. M. J. Savage is the minister. While still a
young man, he helped to organize the Franklin Library
Association, and his long connection with it was of great
advantage to him. He is a life member of the Mercan
tile Library Association, the Young Men's Christian
Union, the Woman's
Industrial Union, and
the Aged Couples'
Home Society ; a
trustee of the Frank
lin Savings Bank ;
director of the Mass
achusetts Title Insur
ance Company, and
of the Prudential Fire
Insurance Company ;
treasurer of the Free
Religious Associa
tion ; member of the
Massachusetts and
Home Market clubs
and of the Boston
Merchants' Associa
tion ; president of
the Parker Memorial
Science Class. From
1862 to 1865, inclu
sive, he was a mem
ber of the Boston
C o m m o 11 Council.
Mr. Haynes was mar
ried in Boston by
Theodore Parker,
May 1, 1855, to
Fanny, daughter of
Rev. Charles and
this union were seven
M. Morton Holmes) ;
Lizzie Gray (Mrs. O.

Frances (Seabury) Spear. Of
children : Alice Fanny (Mrs.
Theodore Parker (deceased) ;
Gordon Rankine) ; Jennie Eliza (Mrs. Fred O. Hurd) ;
Cora Mary (Mrs. E. Harte Day) ; Mabel Stevens and
Edith Margaret Haynes. Mr. Haynes joined the Free-
soil party when he was a young man, and went with it
into the Republican party, with which he has since been
identified.

144

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

A STRIKING instance of the value of industry,
courage, and fortitude was manifest in the good
work wrought by E. W. Dennison, the chief corner
stone in the structure of the house of the Dennison
Manufacturing Company, which has its headquarters in
Boston, its branches in all the leading cities of the
Union, and its goods, wares, and merchandise in almost
every manufactory, counting-room, workshop, and dwell
ing. E. W. Dennison was born at Topsham, then Ken
nebec, now Sagada
hoc County, Me.,
Nov. 23, 1819, every
year and day even of
the intermediate time
from his birth to his
death having been
those of active boy
hood, doubly active
manhood, and vigor
ous age. He was
one of ten children,
three sons and seven
daughters, of Colonel
Andrew Dennison,
one of the early pio
neers of the Andros
coggin region of
Maine frontier life.
When he was five
years of age the fam
ily removed across
the river to Bruns
wick, with which vil
lage he had all his
life close and cordial
family and business
relations. At the age
of sixteen, Mr. Den
nison went to Boston
as clerk in a shoe
store, where he remained six months, at the end of
which time he took a situation in the wholesale dry
goods store of Sargent, Stanfield & Chapin, remaining
with that house three years. At the expiration of his
term of service here he went to his brother, Aaron L.
Dennison, then a watchmaker and jeweler on Washington
Street, Boston, to learn the trade of watchmaking. After
remaining a year in this position, he was sent to Bath,
Me., with a stock of goods to establish a jewelry store

E. W. DENNISON

in Bath. The enterprise, however, was not a success.
While waiting for something to turn up, he found that
his father's place in Brunswick was much in need of a
well, and he turned to at once, dug the well with his
own hands, and made a good and successful job of it.
Mr. E. W. Dennison again started out, in the year 1839,
and engaged as salesman in the watchmaking business
on Washington Street, Boston, where he remained only
a short time, going soon to Bangor, Me., to engage in
the watchmaking and
jewelry business in
that place. After re
maining there eight
years, he left, the en
terprise proving, as
did the one at Bath,
unprofitable. His
next business engage
ment was in Boston
as salesman for his
brother in the jewelry
trade, but he soon
took the agency for
the sale of jewelers'
paper boxes, then
being made by ma
chinery by his father
in Brunswick, Me.,
and the first to be
cut by machinery in
the world. To ac
company these jewel
boxes Mr. Dennison
soon saw the neces
sity for small tags
which had, up to this
time, been made only
in Paris. Here was
laid the foundation
of the Dennison Man
ufacturing Company, which is now employing one mil
lion dollars' capital. This result has been reached simply
by Mr. Dennison's devotion to his favorite industry,
which was really of his own creation, and by the energy
with which he inspired his helpers until his death, which
occurred Sept. 22, 1886. The present business of the
company is one of the most striking instances in modern
commercial life of the growth of a great and successful
industry from the smallest beginning.

BOSTON.

H5

PROMINENT among the leading lawyers of Boston
is George Otis Shattuck. For over thirty years he
has been adding to a professional reputation which was
conspicuous within five years of his admission to the
bar. He was born in Andover, Mass., May 2, 1829, the
son of Joseph and Hannah (Bailey) Shattuck, and is a
descendant of William Shattuck, who was born in Eng
land about the year 162 1, who came to Massachusetts
and died Aug. 14, 1672, at Watertown, Mass. Mr.
Shaft uck's grand
fathers were both
soldiers in the Revo
lutionary War, and
his maternal great
grandfather, Samuel
Bailey, was killed at
the battle of Bunker
Hill. After taking a
preparatory course
at Phillips Andover
Academy, Mr. Shat
tuck entered Harvard
College and grad
uated in the class of
1 85 1. Among his
classmates were Ex-
Mayor Green, of
Boston, the late Gen
eral Francis W. Pal
frey, and three who
are now professors at
Harvard: W. W.
Goodwin, professor
of Greek; C. C.
Langdell, dean of the
Law School, and
Charles F. Dunbar,
professor of political
economy. Beginning
the study of law with
Charles G. Loring, Mr. Shattuck attended the Harvard
Law School two years and graduated in 1854. In 1855
he was admitted to the bar, and began practice with
J. Randolph Coolidge. In 1856 he formed a partnership
with Peleg W. Chandler, which continued until Feb
ruary, 1870. Mr. Shattuck then became associated with
William A. Munroe, and later Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.,
was admitted to the firm and remained a member until
his appointment to the Supreme Bench, in 1882. The

firm is now Shattuck & Munroe. Mr. Shattuck has been
connected as counsel with a great number of corporation
and commercial cases, his advice being often sought in
suits growing out of the pollution of rivers and involving
the value of water privileges. He was counsel in the
Sudbury River water cases, and in the Sayles Bleachery
case, one of the most important suits that has been
brought in Rhode Island for many years. In the cele
brated Andover heresy case he was counsel for the
trustees of the cor
poration, and in the
suit involving the
preservation of the
Old South Meeting
House he was coun
sel for some of the
pewholders. Among
the qualities that
have made him a
leader at the bar may
be mentioned, in ad
dition to professional
learning and skill,
a great knowledge
of men, sagacity in
dealing with practical
questions and a pe
culiar power of sym
pathy that made the
interests of his client
his own, gave ardor
to all his exertions
and enlisted in the
client's behalf, in
their full force, great
intellectual gifts, and
an energy, ingenuity
and persistence rarely
equalled. The only
political office which
he ever held was a seat in the Boston Common Council
in 1862. He has been a leading director and adviser in
railroad and other large business enterprises. He is a
member of the Board of Overseers of Harvard College,
a member of the Massachusetts Historical Society, and
of various clubs. He was married in 1857 to Emily,
daughter of Charles and Susan (Sprague) Copeland, of
Roxbury. They have one daughter, Susan, the wife of
Dr. Arthur Tracy Cabot.

GEORGE O, SHATTUCK.

146

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

JOHN SULLIVAN DWIGHT is known throughout
America as an authority on the history and inter
pretation of music. His father was Mr. John Dwight,
who was graduated from Harvard University in 1800,
and his mother was Mary (Corey) Dwight. Mr. Dwight
was born in Boston, May 13, 1813, and most of his long
and remarkable life has been spent in the city of his
nativity or near to it. In his own home, and in a pri
vate school near by, he received his early education.
He later entered the
grammar and Latin
schools in Boston,
where for five years
he was the pupil of
B. A. Gould and F.
P. Leverett, then
famous pedagogues.
In 1828 he entered
Harvard University
and was graduated in
the class of 1832.
He immediately
matriculated in the
Harvard Divinity
School and was grad
uated in 1836. For
six years he was an
active Unitarian
preacher; in 1840
he settled in North
ampton, Mass., but
remained there only
one year. He then
joined the famous
Brook Farm Associa
tion at Roxbury,
Mass., an association
which, rightly or
wrongly, is believed
to have had a great
formative influence upon nearly all of its members. In
this association Mr. Dwight was a teacher of classics and
music, and dipped a little into farming and gardening ;
he was also one of the editors of the " Flarbinger," a
somewhat noted periodical of the association. As a
member of this association Mr. Dwight was brought
into contact with many then young men who afterward
became famous, among them George Ripley, its founder,
George P. Bradford, the late George William Curtis,

JOHN S. DWIGHT.

and Charles A. Dana. The Rev. William Ellery Chan-
ning, James Kay of Philadelphia, Margaret Fuller,
Ralph Waldo Emerson, and A. Bronson Alcott were
sometimes visitors. The Curtis brothers, Quincy A.
Shaw, and James Sturgis were there as sympathizers
and pupils. Curious as was this experiment, it is inter
esting to note that hardly one of its members failed
to become more or less famous. In April, 1853, Mr.
Dwight established "Dwight's Journal of Music," and
this capable paper
he owned and edited
until September,
1881. Long pre
vious to this, indeed
as early as 1839, he
had published a vol
ume of translations
of the smaller and
shorter poems of
Goethe and Schiller.
His tastes were
always of a musical
and literary charac
ter, and in his home
he did much literary
and critical work.
Mr. Dwight was mar
ried in 185 1 to Mary,
daughter of Silas
and Mary (Barrett)
Bullard, and she
died in i860, leav
ing no children. Mr.
Dwight is now trus
tee of the Perkins
Institution and
Massachusetts School
for the Blind. In
1874 Mr. Dwight was
made president of
the Harvard Musical Association, and he has held that
office continuously since. All musicians in the city of
Boston, a congenial home of culture, delight to say that
to no one more than to Mr. Dwight is the advance
ment of the musical standing and taste of the city due.
He has written much on the subject of music, critical
and otherwise, and his opinions are accepted without
question by lesser lights in the musical world, where he
is regarded as an honored master.

BOSTON.

147

FOR over two centuries the Modern Athens has been
one of the leading centres of religious and theo
logical activity in the United States, and is the birth
place of American Congregationalism. The most influ
ential advocate in New England of the doctrines of that
large body is the Congregationalist, whose able editor is
Rev. Dr. Albert E. Dunning. He was born Jan. 5, 1844,
in Brookfield, Conn. His ancestors on both his father's
and his mother's side were resident in Connecticut since
colonial times. He
inherited member
ship in the Society
of the Cincinnati by
direct descent from
Captain David
Beach, a member of
that society and an
officer in the Revo-
lutionary War.
There are only thirty-
five members of the
society now living
in Connecticut. In
1850 Mr. Dunning's
parents removed
from Brookfield to
Bridgewater, in
Litchfield County,
and here he attended
the public schools.
He fitted himself for
college without a t -
tending any prepara
tory school, and
entering Yale gradu
ated in the class of
1867. During the
last year of his col
lege course he was
editor-in-chief of the
"Yale Literary Magazine." Upon the completion of his
collegiate course he began the study of theology at
Andover, and was graduated from that institution in
1870. He was immediately called to the pastorate of
the Highland Congregational Church, Roxbury, and
remained there until Jan. 1, 1881, when he resigned
to accept the position of secretary of the Congrega
tional Sunday-school and Publishing Society, and greatly
increased the efficiency and influence of that organiza-

ALBERT E. DUNNING

tion. He has been for nine years a member of the
International Lesson Committee to select Sunday-school
lessons for the whole Christian world. Dr. Dunning has
published two books, "The Sunday-school Library" and
"Bible Studies," the latter of which has been exten
sively used as a text-book in schools and colleges in
this country, and has been republished in England. Dr.
Dunning's labors have by no means been confined to
theological and doctrinal fields. He has taken a lively
interest in Chautau
qua work, and has
been superintendent
of instruction for a
number of Chautau
qua assemblies, in
cluding Lake View
i n Massachusetts,
Ocean Park, and
Fryeburg, Me., Crete,
Neb., and Albany,
Ga. He has also
had charge of the
Normal Department
at Chautauqua, N. Y.
In addition to this
he has lectured and
taught at various
other assemblies,
so that his name
i s widely known
throughout the coun
try. In 1889 Dr.
Dunning became
editor-in -chief of
the Congregationalist,
which position he
now occupies. He
is a forcible and
graceful writer, and
has sustained the
reputation of the Congregationalist for ability and fair
ness in its treatment both of religious and secular topics.
In 1887 Beloit College (Wisconsin) conferred upon him
the degree of doctor of divinity. He was a delegate to
the first International Congregational Council in London
in 1 89 1, and took an active part in the proceedings
of that important convention. Dr. Dunning was mar
ried in 1870 to Miss Harriet W. Westbrook, of Peekskill,
N. Y. They have four children.

y

^*r

148

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

A MAN who has done his part to flood the world
with beauty is Samuel J. Kitson. Though a resi
dent of Boston, Mr. Kitson is an artist of the pure Greek
school ; his art life has been a most prolific one, and has
left a decided impression upon the age ; his studio is
properly situated in the very heart of Modern Athens.
And it is here that he has pitched his artistic tent.
Samuel James Kitson was born in England, Jan. 1, 1848.
His early education was received in the national and
private schools of
"old Yorkshire."
He devoted two years
to the study of art at
the Royal Academy
of St. Luke's, at
Rome, Italy, during
which novitiate he
secured the principal
prizes offered. Mr.
Kitson was the first
foreigner who was
awarded the gold
medal prize for a
statue from life. His
first work at St.
Luke's was an exqui
site bust of Apollo.
His torso of the
" Barberini Fawn"
captured the first
prize, while the sec-
ond was awarded
him for natural drap
ery in bas-relief. In
the second year Mr.
Kitson was awarded
the three first prizes.
Among his tutors in
Rome were the emi
nent painter, Podesti,
and Professor Jacometi, who gave the young sculptor
the entree to the Vatican Museum. In 1873 Mr. Kitson
opened a studio in Rome and devoted himself to ideal
statues and portrait busts, producing among others in
Carrara marble, "The Greek Spinning Girl," "Abel
Waiting for the Blessing," and "David," which attracted
much favorable comment at the Royal Academy, Lon
don. Among Mr. Kitson's other chief works are
"Rebecca," "Nydia," "Young Ambition," "Miriam"

V i

wm

SAMUEL J. KITSON

"Isaac," "Group of Hagar and Ishmael," and "Diana."
His first visit to America was made in 1879, when he
received a commission to execute a bust of his friend,
Ole Bull. "While here he modelled, in an improvised
studio, a bust of Longfellow, at the poet's residence.
He also made busts of Bishop Potter and Senator Haw-
ley. After one year's residence in America he returned
to Rome. On his second visit to America, Mr. Kitson
was commissioned to execute the sculptured interior of
W. K. Vanderbilt's
New York house,
which contains some
of his best work. He
also made a bust of
the late Samuel J.
Tilden. The inte
rior of the " com
pany's room " of the
New York Mutual
Life Insurance Com
pany is ornamented
with elaborate clas
sical works of Mr.
Kitson. Henry G.
Marquand's house in
New York contains
many beautiful crea
tions of his brain and
chisel. The striking
frieze in terra-cotta
on the north side of
the Hartford Soldiers
and Sailors Monu
ment was modelled
by him in 1885. The
beautiful monument
over the grave of
General Sheridan at
Arlington is the work
of Mr. Kitson. It
would take much time and space to enumerate the works
of this prolific artist. Among them is a bronze bust of
the eminent publisher, Daniel Lothrop, and also of
Hon. Elisha S. Converse ; a striking group in bronze,
"The American Buffalo Hunt," "Figure of History,"
busts of Archbishop Williams, Bishop O'Reilly, Cardinal
Gibbons, John Boyle O'Reilly, and General Devens. Mr.
Kitson numbers among his treasures letters of apprecia
tion from some of the most eminent men now living.

BOSTON.

149

TO the harmonizing of science and religion Minot
J. Savage has devoted the last twenty odd years of
his life, and he is, without question, the most eminent
disciple of Darwin and Spencer, of Jesus and Paul, in
the American pulpit to-day. Mr. Savage was born in
Norridgewock, Me., June 10, 1841, the son of Joseph
L. and Ann S. Savage. His father was a farmer, and
the boy studied with the intention of entering college
and fitting himself for the ministry. He had been a
student from the
time he was first able
to read. Having
been brought up in
the Orthodox faith,
he entered the Ban
gor Theological
Seminary, and was
graduated in 1864.
His ambition was to
engage in missionary
work, and, taking a
commission from the
American Home
Missionary Society,
he sailed for Califor-
n i a in September,
1864, three days after
his marriage to Ella
A., the daughter of
John and Ann S.
Dodge. He preached
for eighteen months
in a school-house at
San Mateo, twenty
miles south of San
Francisco, and then
for a time in Grass
Valley, among the
foot-hills of the Sier
ras. Returning t o
Massachusetts, he accepted a call from the Congre
gational Church in Framingham. Two years later he
went to Hannibal, Mo., where he remained three years
and a half. It was at Hannibal that his theological
views underwent a radical change, and he became con
vinced that he must leave the Orthodox faith for a freer
field. He resigned his pastorate and was called to the
Third Unitarian Church in Chicago. In 1874 the
Church of the Unity in Boston invited him to settle as

MINOT J. SAVAGE

its pastor, and here he has remained ever since, estab
lishing a reputation as one of the prominent theologica
teachers of the day. His name as pulpit orator is known
wherever the English language is spoken, his published
sermons having a very wide circulation in India, South
Africa, Australia and Japan. As an author, Mr. Sav
age's name figures conspicuously in the religious and
critical literature of America, and several of his books
have been republished in London. He is an evolution
ist, and the influence
of the great leaders
of modern scientific
thought is very ap
parent in most of his
sermons. The rare
c o m b i n a ti o n of a
poetic faculty with
a sturdy and logical
mind is his chief
characteristic. His
published poems are
admired by thou
sands who never saw
the man. Mr. Sav
age is an earnest
investigator in the
realm of psychical
research, being an
active member of the
American branch of
the English society.
His articles in the
"Arena" and else
where on mediumis-
tic phenomena have
attracted the widest
attention. Mr. Sav
age's congregation is
eminently an intelli
gent one, and though
a radical of the radicals, his chief work is in the line of
reconstruction, so that he has come to enjoy the esteem
of his ministerial contemporaries, who have learned to
respect his earnestness, as well as the loyal attachment
of his parishioners. His congregation has recently voted
to sell its church on West Newton Street and move to
the Back Bay. Mr. and Mrs. Savage have four children,
two boys and two girls. The eldest son is in the senior
class at Harvard.

'5°

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

EDWARD T. HARRINGTON, who is a pioneer in
the real estate business of Boston and its suburbs,
has made his own and his firm's name well known
among his contemporaries in the city. He was born in
Bolton, Worcester County, Mass., on Dec. 14, 1842,
being the eldest son of Tyler and Caroline (Atherton)
Harrington. His early education was received in the
public schools of Worcester and vicinity. In 1873 he
came to Boston, the scene of his later successes, and
almost at once en
tered the real estate
business. In 1876
he formed a partner
ship with Benjamin
C. Putnam, who was
himself a pioneer in
his line. Together
they continued the
then prosperous and
growing business un
til 1882, when Mr.
Harrington sold out
his interest, with the
intention of retiring.
But the hold upon
his ambition and de
sire in the successful
line of enterprise in
which he had been
engaged, drew him
back again to the
active walks of life,
and in 1885 he
bought the business
to continue it. He
admitted his book
keeper, Charles A.
Gleason, into part
nership, and Jan. 1,
1890, he established
the present well-known firm of Edward T. Harrington
& Co., which occupies a large and handsome suite of
offices in the comparatively new building, No. 35 Con
gress Street. In the real estate circles of Boston no firm
is better known than that of which Mr. Harrington is
the senior partner. The firm has spent fortunes in ad
vertising, and that these have been well spent, is ap
parent when the volume of business clone annually is
known. Much of the energy of the firm has been de

voted to the work of enriching and building up the
suburbs of Boston, and in this department the results
shown are most gratifying. The selling of real property
is a specialty with the firm, and in this work it employs
fifteen skilled salesmen, each one of whom has a district
or territory exclusively his own. This is a feature of the
business introduced by Mr. Harrington, and its success is
attested by the success of the house. Farm property also
enters largely into the business of the firm, and one may
see in many direc
tions the evidences
of the enterprise of
the house. It has
been a theory, which
has often been
proved true by Mr.
Harrington, that the
building of half a
dozen good houses
in some sightly sub
urb enriched sur
rounding property,
and led others to
erect handsome
dwellings. Mr. Har
rington is a member
of Simon W. Robin
son Lodge, F. and
A. M., of Lexington;
Menotomy Chapter
of Arlington ; Beau-
s a 11 1 Commandery,
K. T, of Maiden;
Oriental Lodge,
I. ( ). O. F. ; and'of
Suffolk Council,
R. A. In May,
1 88 2, Mr. Harrington
was married to Miss
Miriam A., eldest
daughter of Luther and Rozan Temple, at Worcester,
Mass. Their home is in Lexington (East), a suburb
of Boston, where Mr. Harrington is interested in every
thing that pertains to the benefit of the town or its
citizens. The suburbs of Boston have acquired world
wide fame for their beauty, taste of arrangement, and the
artistic elegance of the residences that make them what
they are. In this work of improvement and enterprise,
Mr. Harrington has been, and is, a conspicuous figure.

EDWARD T. HARRINGTON

BOSTON.

15'

BOSTON has been the home of many inventors
whose genius has revolutionized the mechanic
arts and facilitated industrial progress. B. F. Sturtevant
was such a man, and though he has passed away, he has
left, in a great industry, an enduring monument to his
name. It was about thirty years ago that he constructed
his first fan blower, which, in its many applications, has
become so important a feature not only in mechanical
but in social life. At that time Mr. Sturtevant, having
just come to Boston
from his birthplace in
Maine, where he
learned the trade of
a shoemaker, was in
venting and experi
menting upon a ma
chine for pegging
shoes. This experi
ence revealed the ne
cessity of, and led
him to invent and
place upon the mar
ket, a type of small
fan blower for remov
ing by suction the
fine leather dust and
clippings from buffing
machines. The call
for these fans rapidly
increasing, he estab
lished a small shop
in Sudbury Street,
where he employed
seven or eight men.
The utility of the
fans was quickly ap
preciated, and they
came into wide use
for the removal of
light refuse material
from all classes of machines, for the ventilation of apart
ments, and for the blowing of boiler, forge and cupola
fires. In 1866 Mr. Sturtevant received the order for
the large ventilating fans for the Capitol at Washington,
and built what were then the largest encased fans in the
country. The subsequent construction of a fan wheel
sixteen feet in diameter, for the Danvers Insane Asylum,
was at that time looked upon as a remarkable piece of
work. Being a man who was never contented until he

B. F. STURTEVANT

was fully master of all matters pertaining to his business,
Mr. Sturtevant made, during this period, his extensive
and widely known experiments upon the efficiency and
capacity of fan blowers. Few men would ever have
carried out to such perfection experiments entirely at
their own expense. But the time and money thus ex
pended were repaid a thousand times. The results of
these experiments were given to the public in a series
of elaborate catalogues, containing many tables of great
utility. Constructed
upon scientific prin
ciples, the fans have
proved themselves in
valuable in almost all
lines of trade. The
lack of room and the
inconvenience of a
city shop finally com
pelled the removal,
in the spring of 1878,
of the entire plant to
Jamaica Plain, about
three miles outside
the city proper.
Here large and con
venient shops were
erected, and addi
tions graduaUy made
until they form at
present by far the
most extensive works
in the world devoted
to the manufacture
of fan blowers. The
buildings, which are
all of brick, are gen
erously supplied with
light and fresh air,
and contain all the
modern improve
ments conducive to the welfare of the employees and
the production of the best work. The establishment
now has about six acres of available floor space, and
employs over five hundred men in the various depart
ments. Mr. Sturtevant' s strong personality is still evi
dent in designs and unique arrangements. Mr. E. N.
Foss is the manager of the B. F. Sturtevant Company,
and branch houses and salesrooms are maintained in
Boston, New York, Chicago, Philadelphia and London.

152

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

HENRY PARKMAN, lawyer and man of affairs, be
lieves with Dr. Holmes that, other things being
equal, a family tree is not a bad thing to possess. His
family represents a long line of distinguished New Eng-
landers. Mr. Parkman' s great-great-grandfather was the
Rev. Ebenezer Parkman, who was for sixty years a minis
ter of Westboro', Mass. His great-grandfather lived in
Dorchester in 1733. The sons of seven generations of
this family have graduated at Harvard College, and none of
them have reflected
discredit upon their
birthplace or their
alma mater. Henry
Parkman, son of the
late Dr. Samuel and
Mary E. (Dwight)
Parkman, was born
in Boston, May 23,
1850. He prepared
for college at Mr.
Dixwell's and other
private schools, and
graduated from Har
vard in the class of
1870. He studied
in the Harvard Law
School for three
years, graduating in
1874. The same
year he was admitted
to the bar and prac
tised in the office of
William G. Russell
for several years. He
is now engaged in
general practice with
offices at No. 53
State Street. He is
one of the public
administrators of Suf
folk County, and many large trusts are confided to his
care. In politics he is a Republican. He represented
Ward 9 in the Common Council for six years, was a
member of the lower House of the Legislature in 1886,
1887 and 1888, serving as chairman of several important
committees, and was in 1891 a member of the State
Senate. He is president of the Boston Athletic Asso
ciation, and a member of the Union and other leading
clubs. Mr. Parkman has resided in Boston all his life.

He is earnest and enthusiastic in his political views, and
is president of the Republican City Committee, to the
work of which he devotes much time and energy. He
has been for ten years secretary of the Provident
Institution for Savings, the oldest as well as the largest
savings bank in Boston. Apart from his legal practice
and political and financial work, Mr. Parkman is inter
ested in many philanthropical and progressive institu
tions. He is president of the Boston Training School
for Nurses, an insti
tution, the wide
spread usefulness of
which is universally
recognized. Mr.
Parkman is also
president of the
Adams Nervine Asy
lum. Having gained
for himself, early in
life, a place at the
top of the ladder,
Mr. Parkman bears
his honors with be
coming modesty.
He keeps up his in-
t e r e s t in athletics
with the enthusiasm
of a boy, and no more
fit man could be se
lected for the presi
dency of the Boston
Athletic Association.
Although burdened
with an extensive
law practice, Mr.
Parkman finds time
for his varied and
multifarious interests
in outside matters.
He is a true Bosto-
nian, and is identified with the best interests of the
city. Mr. Parkman may properly be classed with that
branch of the younger men of New England, who, while
not precocious in the ordinary sense of the word, have
very early in life assumed the responsibilities usually
devolving upon men of more advanced years. Mr. Park-
man is happily married, his wife having been Frances
Parker, daughter of Cortland Parker, of Newark, N. J.
Mr. and Mrs. Parkman have one child, a daughter.

HENRY PARKMAN.

BOSTON.

153

THROUGH his work as an architect, and in the
domain of social science and industrial statistics,
Horace G. Wadlin is known to the Commonwealth of
Massachusetts. Like many boys who have since dis
tinguished themselves in the public life of New England,
Mr. Wadlin laid the foundation of his education in the
public schools. Although he is known as a successful
architect, the trend of his mind peculiarly fits him for
the statistical determination of economic and social
questions, to which
he is earnestly de
voted. He is a man
of varied attain
ments, and being
in the prime of life
has many years be
fore him for the pur
suit of his favorite
studies, and the
working out of those
abstruse problems
which the science of
statistics presents to
i t s votaries. Mr.
Wadlin is essentiaUy
a man of the Massa
chusetts of to-day,
and is one of the co
terie of bright, active
thinkers who keep
the mental plane of
the State at the high
altitude it has always
occupied. Horace
G. Wadlin, chief of
the Massachusetts
Bureau of Statistics
of Labor, was born
in South Reading,
now Wakefield,
Mass., Oct. 2, 1851. He is the son of Daniel H. and
Lucy E. (Brown) Wadlin. He was married Sept. 8,
1875, to Ella Frances Butterfield, of Wakefield, and now
resides in Reading. After completing his education in
the public schools and by private instruction, Mr. Wad
lin studied the profession of architecture, beginning
independent practice in Boston in 1874, his special
lines of work including school, municipal and domestic
buildings. Among tthe structures erected under his

supervision are the Thornton Academy at Saco, the fine
new high school at Biddeford, the Richard Sugden
Library at Spencer, and numerous private residences in
the vicinity of Boston. In 1879 he became an attache
of the Bureau of Statistics of Labor, in charge of special
economic subjects, and was afterward connected with
many of the more important investigations undertaken
by the bureau. In the decennial census of 1885 he was
chief of the division of libraries and schools. Upon
the resignation of
Colonel Carroll D.
Wright, in October,
1888, Mr. Wadlin
was appointed chief
of the bureau, retir
ing from the practice
of his profession to
devote his entire at
tention to his official
duties, and was re
appointed in 1 89 1
hj by Governor Russell.
He was supervisor
of the United States
census in 1890, con
ducting the work of
enumeration in Mas-
sachusetts. Mr.
Wadlin has for many
years been a member
of the School Com
mittee in Reading,
and was for some
time its chairman.
He is now chairman
of the trustees of the
public library. He
was a member of the
Massachusetts House
of Representatives
in 1884, 1885, 1887 and 1888, serving on the commit
tees on the census, woman suffrage, education, and
railroads, and being House chairman of the last three.
He is one of the vice-presidents of the American Statis
tical Association, a member of the American Social
Science Association, and of the American Academy of
Political and Social Science, a director of the American
Unitarian Association, and a frequent lecturer on sub
jects connected vvith social science, history and art.

HORACE G, WADLIN.

154

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

THE high-water mark of the Massachusetts Democ
racy was reached in the year 1883, when the
average vote for the Democratic State ticket, excepting
the vote for governor, was 145,000. In that year Noah
A. Plympton was in charge of the Democratic cam
paign, and to his shrewd management, perhaps as much
as to any other cause, General Butler owed his election
as governor of the Commonwealth. That political cam
paign will not be forgotten in this generation, at least.
Mr. Plympton — he
is known everywhere
as " Colonel " Plymp
ton, though, as he
himself says, he re
ceived his commis
sion as colonel only
from the pen of a
newspaper writer —
was born in Shrews
bury, Mass., Sept. 7,
1 84 1. After attend
ing the common
schools, he was, at
the age of sixteen
years, apprenticed to
the watchmaker's
trade and worked at
it for five years.
Until 1878 he was
engaged in the watch
and jewelry business
in Worcester, Mass.
He was elected a
member of the
Democratic State
Central Committee
in 1880, and was
chosen chairman of
the Executive Com
mittee in 1882, hav
ing entire charge of the campaigns of 1882 and 1883,
when General Butler was the Democratic candidate for
governor. Mr. Plympton was elected chairman of the
Democratic State Central Committee in January, 1884,
but he resigned in the following June, and since that
time he has had no active connection with politics. He
was nominated by Governor Butler in 1883 for the office
of insurance commissioner of the Commonwealth, but
the nomination was rejected by the Executive Council

on a strict party vote. In May, 1883, Insurance Com
missioner Tarbox appointed him examiner for the Insur
ance Department of Massachusetts, and as such he
examined many of the foreign companies doing busi
ness in this State. He resigned this office May 1, 1884.
Mr. Plympton had been appointed in 1880 general agent
for Massachusetts of the Penn Mutual Life Insurance
Company of Philadelphia, and held the position until
his appointment as examiner in the State Insurance
Department. In
May, 1884, he was
re-appointed general
agent of the Penn
Mutual, and was
made general man
ager of its New Eng-
1 a n d department,
Nov. 1, 1884. On
that date he formed
a copartnership with
Mr. Bunting, and the
insurance firm of
Plympton & Bunting,
general managers of
the New England
department of the
Penn Mutual, has
successfully con
tinued business ever
since, with offices at
29 Milk Street. Mr.
Plympton was elected
member of the Board
of Trustees of the
company in January,
1885, and is still a
member of the board.
He is also chairman
of the Committee on
Medical Department
and of the Committee on Accounts. At the organization
of the Butler Club, in May, 1887, Mr. Plympton was
chosen president, and has been annually re-elected
since that date. He is a member of Athelstan Lodge,
F. and A. M., of Worcester, and of Worcester Chapter,
R. A. M. In 1862 he was married to Miss Helen M.
Flint, of Shrewsbury. They have five children, the
eldest son being in business with his father, and a
second son a student of law.

NOAH A. PLYMPTON.

BOSTON.

155

HENRY WALKER, the son of Ezra and Maria A.
Walker, was born and educated in Boston. In
the Latin School, where he was fitted for college, he won
a Franklin medal, and other prizes for scholarship. He
was graduated from Harvard University in the class of
1855, with Alexander Agassiz, Phillips Brooks, W. P. P.
Longfellow, Theodore Lyman, F. P. Sanborn, and others,
as classmates. Upon leaving college he studied law in
the office of Hutchins & Wheeler. The bombardment
of Fort Sumter be
gan on April 12,
1 86 1, and on the
15th, as adjutant of
the Fourth Regiment
of Massachusetts In
fantry, he entered
the military service
of the United States,
being the first Har
vard graduate so to
do. He remained
with the regiment
during its term of
service, taking part
in the battle of Big
Bethel. Upon re
turning to Massa
chusetts, he was
appointed lieutenant
colonel of the regi
ment which, in 1862,
was reported by
Colonel Amory, chief
of ordnance, " to be
in a better condition
than any militia reg
iment in the State."
When not in the
field, Colonel Walker
was actively engaged
in raising troops and in other work relating thereto. In
1862 he was appointed colonel of the Fourth Regiment,
and went with it to the Gulf Department, where it took
part in all the military operations of 1863, — the first
march to Fort Hudson, the Teche expedition, and the
siege of Fort Hudson. At the close of his term of
service he was honorably discharged, receiving this
endorsement from General Banks: "He was an hon
orable and patriotic officer ; he was an ardent supporter

HENRY WALKER

of the policy of the war and of Mr. Lincoln's adminis
tration ; he never used his authority for personal pur
poses, and was prompt and faithful in the performance
of his duties." Colonel Walker was detained in New
Orleans on court-martial duty after his regiment returned
home. Upon the promise of the military authorities,
of having a regiment raised in Texas, he remained there
until the winter of 1864. Circumstances prevented this
being done, and, after the loss of much time and labor,
the enterprise was
abandoned. Upon
his return to Boston,
Colonel Walker re
sumed the practice
of his profession.
He was license com
missioner of the city
from May 1, 1877,
to July, 1878, and
police commissioner
from April 30, 1879,
to April 22, 1882.
During 1887 and
1888 Colonel Walker
commanded the An
cient and Honorable
Artillery Company,
the oldest military
organization on this
continent, and pre
sided with grace and
ability on the occa
sion of its two hun
dred and fiftieth an
niversary, June 4,
1888. A s c o m -
mander, he visited
England to partici
pate in the three
hundred and fiftieth
anniversary of the Honourable Artillery Company of
London. Colonel Walker has been connected with
various societies ; has been for twenty years treasurer
of Christ Church, Boston, a member of the Demo
cratic State Central Committee many years, and its
chairman ; has been lieutenant, adjutant, lieutenant-
colonel, and colonel in the State Militia, serving, in all,
seven years ; has been prominent in Grand Army circles,
and has travelled extensively.

156

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

WHEN a man gives up a prosperous business to
devote himself to working for others, it is be
cause "the things which are seen" are less potent with
him than "the things which are unseen," and the real
is less than the ideal. William Henry Baldwin is that
type of man. He left business to give his time and en
ergies to religio-philanthropic work, especially among
young men, and the Boston Young Men's Christian
Union, with its membership of over five thousand, at
tests the earnestness
and ability with
which he has carried
on its work for nearly
a quarter of a cen
tury, since April,
1868. Born in
Brighton, now a part
of Boston, Oct. 20,
1826, Mr. Baldwin
received his educa
tional training in pub
lic and private
schools. His school
days being ended, he
served as clerk for
four years in a dry
goods store at Brigh
ton, and after that
was engaged until
1850 with two im
porting and dry
goods jobbing firms
in Boston. In that
year (1850) he went
into business for him
self, the firm name
being Baldwin, Bax
ter & Curry, after
wards Baldwin &
Curry (Mr. Baxter
died in 1858), importers and jobbers of woollens. In
1865 Mr. Baldwin disposed of his interest in the firm and
engaged in the dry goods commission business, in
which he remained until 1868. That year was the
turning point in Mr. Baldwin's life. Hitherto he had
been the energetic business man, deeply interested, it
is true, in religious and philanthropic subjects, but en
grossed in mercantile affairs. Upon the reorganization
of the Boston Young Men's Christian Union in April,

WILLIAM H. BALDWIN

1868 (instituted in 185 1), Mr. Baldwin was chosen its
president. He was not previously consulted about it,
and the appointment surprised him greatly. After some
hesitation, however, he accepted, fully intending, as then
stated by him, to give his services to the Union for only
one year, and then re-engage in business. The work of
the Union, however, had such a fascination for him, and
he became so deeply interested in its growth and suc
cess, that he has not yet resigned the presidency, and
his friends and ad
mirers earnestly hope
that it may be many
years before he re
tires from the office.
Mr. Baldwin is also
president of the
Children's Mission to
the Children of the
Destitute; vice-
president of the Na
tional Unitarian
Church Temperance
Society ; trustee of
the Franklin Savings
Bank ; member o f
the Bostonian So
ciety and of the
Boston Memorial
Association and a
director in the Mas
sachusetts Society
for the Prevention
of Cruelty to Ani
mals. He has also
been director and
president of the Old
Boston School-boys'
Association ; p r e s i-
dent of the Unitarian
Sunday-school Soci
ety, of which he is now a director, and a member of
the Boston School Committee. These are some of the
directions in which his interests lie, and they indicate
how catholic his sympathies are. Though profoundly
interested in the political welfare of his city and State,
Mr. Baldwin's other duties have prevented him from
accepting public office of a political nature. He was
married in 1851 to Mary Augusta Chaffee, of Boston.
Of this union were nine children.

BOSTON.

157

EDWARD EVERETT HALE was first licensed to
preach more than half a century ago, and he has
been hard at it ever since. Preaching by word, deed
and pen, and by the multiplied influences of numberless
organizations, there is no man in the land who has a
larger audience than his. He belongs nearly as much
to Texas and Arizona and Australia as to Boston. In a
certain sense there is almost gratuitous impertinence in
praising Edward Everett Hale. It is like praising the
sky or the air or the
elms on Boston Com
mon. He is an in
stitution of the city's
life, as sincere, as
untiring, as uncon
scious as they. Con
cerning himself he
has said : " I had the
great luck to be born
in the middle of a
large family. I lived
with three brothers
and three sisters. I
was the fourth, count
ing each way. I was
put on my Latin para
digms when I was
six years old, and I
learned them reason
ably well. We limped
through a Latin ver
sion of 'Robinson
Crusoe ' when I was
eight years old. But
I knew nothing of
the Latin language,
as a language, till I
went to the Boston
Latin School. I was
ninth in a class of
fifteen. That is about the average rank which I generally
had. I owe my education chiefly to my father, my
mother, and my older brother. My father introduced
the railway system into New England when I was eleven
years old." Dr. Hale graduated from Harvard in 1839.
His first regular settlement was in 1846, as pastor of the
Church of the Unity in Worcester, where he remained
until 1856. In that year he was called to the South
Congregational (Unitarian) Church in Boston, where he

EDWARD EVERETT HALE

still preaches. He has been one of the most active men
in our national literature and in many philanthropic
movements. Flis pen has been constantly employed in
the latter, while scores of volumes attest what he has
done in the former. How he has found time for so
much work, in addition to his pastoral duties, is a
mystery. He shows the marks of the toil of the scholar
in his countenance, but his general health has been sus
tained through it all, and he is in full physical and men
tal vigor after all
these years of earn
est work. In "My
Double, and How He
Undid Me," in the
"Man Without a
Country," and other
short stories, he has
achieved a personal
immortality in letters.
Artist as he has
proved himself to be,
his work in fiction
has never been done
for art's sake, but for
the sake of all hu
manity. His book,
" Ten Times One is
Ten," led to the es
tablishment of clubs
devoted to charity,
which are now scat
tered throughout the
United States, with
chapters in Europe,
Asia, Africa and the
islands of the Pacific.
At the celebration of
Dr. Hale's seven
tieth birthday, in
April, 1892, there
was gathered a distinguished assembly of Boston's lead
ing men, Oliver Wendell Holmes contributing a poetical
tribute, entitled "The Living Dynamo." Nov. 10, 1892,
Dr. Hale occupied the pulpit in Berlin, Mass., from
which he had preached his first sermon just fifty years
before. He was married in 1852 to Emily Baldwin
Perkins, of Hartford, Conn. They have had eight chil
dren, of whom six are living. Dr Hale resides in Rox
bury.

i58

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

BANKER, writer on public topics, and man of busi
ness, Hosea Starr Ballou is a representative New
Englander and a sterling son of Massachusetts. As the
name implies, the family is of French extraction. Ma-
turin Ballou, Huguenot, the first American ancestor,
came to Rhode Island about 1645, and was a landed
proprietor with Roger Williams in Providence. Forty
years before the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, in
1685 (when the Bowdoins, the Faneuils and so many
other honored Hu
guenot families found
a refuge in the New
World), Maturin
Ballou had already
fixed his home in
Providence. He had
died, and his sons,
the second genera
tion of Ballous in
America, were al
ready freeholders
when the little Narra-
gansett settlement
was burned in the
famous War of King
Philip, in 1675. Of
the distinguished
progeny of Maturin
Ballou was Hosea
Ballou, the father of
modern Universal-
ism, who died in Bos
ton in 1852. Another
Hosea Ballou, h i s
grandnephew, was
also a distinguished
Universalist clergy
man and editor. He
was the author of
"The Ancient His
tory of Universalism," a monumental work which earned
for him the degree of D. C. L. from Harvard College.
He was first president of Tufts College, where he died
May 27, 1861. Elizabeth Ballou Garfield, mother of the
late President Garfield, was a descendant in the sixth
generation from the original Maturin Ballou. Hosea
Starr Ballou, of Boston, nephew of the second Hosea,
represents the eighth generation in America of this
eminent family. Son of a Universalist clergyman, who

HOSEA STARR BALLOU.

in the fifties also dealt considerably in Illinois real
estate, he was born in North Orange, Mass., Feb. 9,
1857. He was educated at Williston Seminary, Harvard
College, the University of Berlin, Germany, and the
College de France, Paris. In 1870 the business of
the Ballou Banking Company was established. Since
the incorporation of the institution Mr. Ballou has
been the president. He has won for his banking
house the implicit confidence of the investing public.
The Ballou Banking
Company has offices
in Boston, Philadel
phia, Baltimore,
Sioux City, and in
other cities of the
United States and
Europe. The Boston
offices are in the
Equitable Building,
and it is here that
Mr. Ballou gives his
personal attention to
the direction of the
large business of the
banking company in
municipal, water,
gas and street rail
way bonds, mort
gage s, commercial
paper, central store
property, leased for
a long term of years,
in Chicago, Minne
apolis, St. Paul,
Sioux City and
Omaha. His intelli
gent discrimina
tion and well-
directed efforts have
brought these cities
and the tributary country much nearer to the Eastern
investing public. But it is not in business and financial
circles only that Hosea Starr Ballou is known. He is
an original thinker, and has contributed many articles to
the press, on European systems of education, and on
matters of public polity, covering a wide range of
thought. He has travelled extensively, and has pub
lished many short sketches of travel, notably on Southern
Italy, and on Sweden, Norway and Denmark.

BOSTON.

159

MASSACHUSETTS stands for many things, but for
nothing more distinctly than for popular educa
tion. Her public schools have given her a supremacy
in the educational world equal to that held by the Em
pire State in the commercial world. The growth and
widening influence of the common school system are in
no small measure due to the conservative, yet progres
sive, policy of the State Board of Education. Of this
board, John Woodbridge Dickinson is the efficient sec
retary. His early
years were passed in
South Williamstown,
Mass. He was the
youngest but one of
a family of nine chil
dren. At the age of
nine years he was
put to work on the
farm during the sum
mer months, attend
ing school for a few
weeks only during
the winter. Having
a strong desire for a
liberal education, he
passed through his
preparatory course
of studies at Grey-
lock Institute, South
Williamstown, and at
Williston Seminary,
Easthampton, and
entered Williams
College in 1848,
graduating with clas
sical honors in 1852.
The same year he
was appointed assist
ant teacher in the
State Normal School
at Westfield, and four years later was made its princi
pal. For twenty-one years he performed the duties of
his office with marked ability and success, preparing for
the service of the State a large number of teachers, well
trained in the philosophy and art of teaching, and gaining
for the school a national reputation. Mr. Dickinson
early became a diligent and successful student of peda
gogical science. He was among the first to introduce
those reforms in methods of teaching which have since

JOHN W. DICKINSON

been working their way into the best schools of the
country. He trained his classes in the use of the ana
lytic objective method of study and teaching, in present
ing to their own minds, or to the minds of others,
any branch of learning, whether subject or object. In
1877 Mr. Dickinson was called to the office of secretary
of the Massachusetts Board of Education. His expe
rience as teacher had well fitted him for the new posi
tion. During his term of service the cause of popular
education has made
great progress in the
Commonwealth. The
normal schools have
grown strong in pub
lic favor ; the teach
ers' institutes have
been made to con
tribute more directly
to an improvement
in the methods of
teaching ; the final
abolition of the"
school district sys
tem has been accom
plished ; the children
of the Common
wealth have been
provided with free
text-books, and the
small towns of the
State have been aided
in supplying them
selves with well-
trained school
superintendents.
Mr. Dickinson's an
nual reports hold a
high rank among
educational works,
on account of their
pedagogical value. Through his public addresses be
fore educational associations, and through his manage
ment of the pedagogical department of the Chautauqua
University, he has exerted a strong influence upon the
teachers of the country. In 1856 Mr. Dickinson was
married to Arexina G. Parsons, of North Yarmouth, Me.
She was a graduate of Bradford Female Seminary, and a
successful teacher. She died in 1892. There are two
children, John Worthington and Susie AUen.

i6o

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

THE celebrated reformer and Universalist divine,
Alonzo Ames Miner, son of Benajah Ames and
Amanda (Carey) Miner, was born Aug. 17, 1814, in
Lempster, N. H. He is the grandson of Charles Miner,
a Revolutionary soldier, and descendant of Thomas
Miner, who came to Charlestown in 1630. His English
ancestor, Henry Bullman, in 1356 was honored by
Edward III. with a coat of arms. From his sixteenth
to his twentieth year, Dr. Miner taught in public schools.
He was associated
with James Garvin in
1834-35 in the joint
conduct of the Cav
endish (Vt.) Acad
emy, and from 1835
to 1839 was at the
head of the Unity
(N. H.) Scientific
and Military Acad
emy. In 1838 he
received the fellow
ship of the Universa
list church, and was
ordained to its min
istry in 1839. After
a three years' pastor
ate in M e t h u e n ,
Mass., and six years
in Lowell, he became
the colleague of the
venerable Hosea
Ballou and successor
of the Rev.Dr.E.H.
Chapin in 1848, at
the Second Univer
salist church of Bos
ton. This pastorate
still continues. Dr.
Miner has always
been closely con
nected with educational work, having served on the
school boards of Methuen, Lowell and Boston, and on
the Board of Overseers of Harvard College. From 1862
to 1875 he was president of Tufts College, retaining his
Boston pastorate. An ardent friend of the college, he
made the address at the laying of the corner-stone, and
among other donations to it has given forty thousand
dollars for a theological hall. He is now serving his
twenty-fourth year on the State Board of Education, and

for nearly twenty years has been chairman of the Board
of Visitors of the State Normal Art School, which he
was largely influential in establishing. He is a member
of the American Academy of Political and Social Sci
ence and of the Executive Committee of the American
Peace Society. He was for twenty years president of
the Massachusetts Temperance Alliance, and preached
the election sermon before the Legislature in 1884,
which he handled so severely that it repealed the law
providing for the an
nual election sermon.
To perpetuate the
Prohibitory party
work, Dr. Miner per
mitted the use of his
name as candidate
for governor of the
State when the poli
ticians had fright
ened all others from
the field. He deliv
ered the civic oration
July 4, 1 85 5 ; received
the honorary degree
of A. M. from Tufts
College, 1861;
S. T. D. from Har
vard, 1863; and
LL. D. from Tufts,
1875. He has offi
ciated at nearly
twenty-three hundred
funerals and solem
nized nearly three
thousand marriages.
He is also president
of the executive com
mittee of the trustees
of Tufts College,
president of the
trustees of the Bromfield School at Harvard, of the
board of trustees of Dean Academy, at Franklin, and of
the trustees and board of directors of the Universalist
Publishing House, now located at No. 30 West Street,
Boston, of which he was the originator. Dr. Miner is a
man of striking individuality and intense activity. His
great capacity for work has enabled him to crowd the
labor of several life-times into one, and through his
marked originality he is an impressive factor in Boston life.

ALONZO A. MINER

BOSTON.

161

THE man who first predicted the practical use of
electricity for street railways must not pass with
out notice in any story of Massachusetts, although
death has removed him from the sphere of his work.
Calvin Allen Richards was born in Dorchester, Mass.,
March 4, 1828. He received his education in the
public schools in and around Boston, and left school at
an early age to assist his father, Isaiah D. Richards, in
his business. He soon exhibited the executive ability
which was so power
fully felt in his after
life. In 1852 he
married Ann R. Bab-
cock, daughter of
Dexter Babcock,
who is now living,
an honored, retired
merchant, in his
ninety - sixth year.
Two children were
born of this union —
a son who died in
1863, and a daughter
who survives him.
He remained in
business with his
father and brothers
until 1861, when he
opened a large es-
tablis hment on
Washington Street,
and it was in this
location that he
amassed the bulk of
his fortune. He was
in the Common
Council of Boston in
1858, 1859, and
1861, and in 1862 he
was an alderman.
In 1874 he became a prominent director of the Met
ropolitan Street Railroad, and, shortly after, its presi
dent. The Metropolitan Railroad, under his direction,
became one of the largest and best managed in the
country. He worked most zealously for the interests of
the stockholders. In all labor disturbances it was his
habit to appear personally before the different organiza
tions and adjust matters amicably. In 1885 Mr. Rich
ards became the president of the American Street

Railway Association, composed of the executive officers
of almost all the railroads in the United States and
Canada. He was almost the first man to predict the
use of electric power for street cars, which he did in a
magnificent speech at the Fifth Avenue Hotel, in New
York, in October, 1884. He was greatly beloved by his
associates in this organization, and always received an
earnest invitation to attend the conventions long after
he turned aside from railroad life. Mr. Richards be
came associated with
the new West End
organization under
President Whitney,
but soon resigned.
For a short time
afterwards he was
connected with the
Boston Heating
Company, but soon
retired to private life
after purchasing and
remodelling the large
office building, No.
114 State Street,
which bears his
name. The con
struction of this
building was the
closing act of Mr.
Richards's business
life, as he was
stricken with the
grip immediately af
ter its completion,
in January, 1890.
His family and
friends saw him fail
ing quite rapidly for
about two months
before his death.
He had been out on Monday morning (Feb. 15, 1892),
for a short drive, and had answered a telephone call but
a short half hour before he fell dead, his death being
instantaneous, without one moment of suffering. His
life needs no eulogy for those who knew him — a strong,
firm, conscientious business man, who contributed much
to the marvellous development of the street railway sys
tem in Boston, achieved a wonderful success, and left
an ample fortune.

CALVIN A. RICHARDS.

l62

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

IN the year 1887, a young man was elected to the
Massachusetts House of Representatives from Mel
rose. No one dreamed at the time that he was going
to make an epoch for himself in the Republican politics
of the Commonwealth, be chosen for five consecutive
years as speaker of the House — the fourth time vvith
absolute unanimity — and be conspicuous among those
who were considered worthy of the highest honors
within the gift of the party. William Emerson Barrett's
rise will long be re
counted among the
marvels in the history
of Massachusetts pol
itics. He is the most
aggressive political
fighter in the State,
and many a time has
snatched a brilliant
victory from the edge
of defeat. Whatever
remains for him of
political honors, his
fifth year in the chair
has brought him an
unchallenged place
among the memora
ble speakers of the
House. Not alone
in politics, however,
has his career been
most striking and
exceptional. Taking
the charge of a paper
injured by poor man
agement, he has
placed it on a solid
financial basis and
regained for it its
old-time position in
moulding the public
opinion of New England. A meagre outline of the life
story of Mr. Barrett is as follows : He was born in Mel
rose, Mass., Dec. 29, 1858, the son of Augustus and
Sarah (Emerson) Barrett. His education, begun in the
public schools of his native town, was continued in the
high school of CTaremont, N. H., where his father was
engaged in manufacture, and completed at Dartmouth
College, from which he graduated in 1880. A few
months later he went to work on the St. Albans (Vt.)

WILLIAM E. BARRETT.

Messenger, and remained there two years. In 1882 he
came to Boston, obtained a position on the Daily
Advertiser, and, after a preliminary experience as special
correspondent in Maine during the campaign of that
year, was sent to Washington as the regular correspond
ent of the paper. At the capital he developed rapidly,
and soon became one of the best-known Washington
correspondents in the country, his note and comment
on political and other movements being often brilliant,
and always bright.
During the national
campaign of 1884,
Mr. Barrett's letters
from the "doubtful"
States were among
the most important
and interesting
contributions to
campaign literature,
giving a perfectly
unbiassed account
of the situation. In
June, 1886, Mr. Bar
rett was recalled
from Washington and
made managing edi
tor of the Advertiser,
subsequently becom
ing the publisher and
leading owner of the
p r o p e rt y. He is
now president of the
Advertiser News
paper Company and
publisher of the
Advertiser and the
Evening Record,
the latter — one of
the liveliest and most
out-spoken Republi
can papers in America — jbeing the unsuccessful Bos
ton cent paper. In 1887 Mr. Barrett was elected to
the lower House of the Massachusetts Legislature, and
has been re-elected annually ever since, and its speaker
since 18S9. He is a member of a number of business
corporations, of political and social clubs, and of the
Masonic Order. He was married in 1887 to Miss Annie
L. Bailey, of Claremont, N. H. They have two children,
a daughter and a son.

BOSTON.

163

THE Boston Symphony Orchestra is conceded by all
critics and musicians to be the finest one in this
country, and one of the four or five best in the world.
Hence the musical rank of its leader, Arthur Nikisch,
is undisputed. He was born Oct. 12, 1855, in a small
town called Szent-Miklos, in the principality of Liech
tenstein, Germany. His father was head auditor and
steward to the prince, and an enthusiastic musical ama
teur. In early childhood the boy showed such extraor
dinary talent that
his parents deter
mined t o educate
him as a musician.
He began his studies
with the violin, and
mastered this instru
ment with such ease,
and so completely,
that at the age of
eight he appeared in
public with great suc
cess. When he was
eleven years old he
entered the Royal
Conservatory in
Vienna, devoting
himself to all the
technical branches of
composition, and two
years later he won
the first prize in open
competition for a
sextet. He remained
at the conservatory
for eight years. One
of his compositions
— a cantata for solo,
chorus and orchestra
— was so successful
as to be constantly
repeated, and, as a special honor, on the occasion of his
graduating from the conservatory, he publicly con
ducted a symphony. He was immensely popular with
all his fellow-students, among whom were Motte- and
Faure\ After graduation, he was appointed one of the
first violinists at the Royal Opera in Vienna, and in 1878
he went with Angelo Neumann to Leipsic, as assistant
conductor in the Old Opera House, where at that time
Anton Seidl was officiating as chief conductor. The

following year Herr Nikisch was transferred to the New
Opera House, where he remained until 1889, when his
services were secured for the Boston Symphony Orches
tra by Henry L. Higginson. Under Herr Nikisch's
direction the Leipsic Theatre orchestra gained a Eu
ropean fame which entitled it to an equal, or even supe
rior, place to the Gewandhaus orchestra, which had long
been regarded as the best in the world. A performance
of the colossal Ninth Symphony, which Herr Nikisch
conducted in 1882,
was said to have been
the most magnificent
ever given, while the
superb manner i n
which he conducted
the concerts of the
Tonkuenstler - V e r -
sammlung in 1883
brought him a pro
fusion of orders and
decorations from all
over Germany. Herr
Nikisch has won the
rare distinction o f
being able to con-
ductthe long Wagner
operas without once
looking at the notes.
On one occasion he
was conducting the
Ninth Symphony
without looking at
the score. He sud
denly stopped, and
told the players that
they were not read
ing the passage right.
They assured him it
was according to the
score, but he insisted
that the score was wrong. On looking the , matter up
they found that Herr Nikisch was right, and that an
error had been made in transcribing the notes. Herr
Nikisch has fully maintained the high artistic standard
which his predecessor, Herr Gericke, set for the Sym
phony concerts. He is married, and has a family of
interesting children. His wife was an opera singer of
considerable note in Germany, and she has appeared
vvith success on the American concert stage.

ARTHUR NIKISCH

164

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

AS soldier, man of affairs and patron of the arts and
sciences, Nathan Appleton is one of the active
and useful men of his generation. He was born in
Boston, Feb. 2, 1843, the youngest son of Nathan and
Harriot Coffin (Sumner) Appleton. Graduating at
Harvard in 1863, he was commissioned second lieuten
ant in the Fifth Massachusetts Battery, and served in
the autumn campaign of 1863 in Virginia. At one of
the engagements subsequent to the Wilderness he was
severely wounded,
and was bre vetted
captain for gallantry.
Resuming his duties
as aid on the staff of
General Wainwright,
he was present at
the battle of Five
Forks and the sur
render of Lee. As
delegate of the Bos
ton Board of Trade,
he was present at
the opening of the
Suez Canal, in 1869,
being, with one ex
ception, the only
accredited represen
tative of his country
on that occasion.
He c ont ribut ed
largely to the French
representation at the
Centennial Exposi
tion in Philadelphia.
He has been a direc
tor in the American
Metric Bureau, and
was present at the
Paris Exposition of
1878 as a delegate
to several international congresses, representing the
American Geographical Society at the Congress of
Commercial Geography, attending the Congress for the
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals as a delegate of the
Massachusetts society, taking part in the deliberations
for the proposed Franco-American treaty of commerce,
and presenting a plan for unifying coinage at the Con
gress for Weights, Measures and Coins. In January,
1879, as representative of the American Geographical

NATHAN APPLETON,

Society, and of the United States Board of Trade, he
attended the international congress called by M. de
Lesseps to decide upon the best route for a canal. Mr.
Appleton was chairman of the Committee on Commer
cial Relations, and he voted with seventy-seven others
in favor of the Panama route. In 1880 he accompan
ied M. de Lesseps from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific
as his interpreter and the exponent of his views. Mr.
Appleton is a member of the Loyal Legion, was com
mander of a Mas
sachusetts Grand
Army post for two
years, and has been
one of the vice-pres
idents of the Society
of the Army of the
Potomac. He is a
vice-president of the
Massachusetts Soci
ety of the Sons of
the American Revo
lution. He has trav
elled extensively in
Mexico, and Central
and South America,
bringing home many
valuable gifts for art
and educational in
stitutions. During a
recent sojourn in
Santo Domingo, he
took the initiative in
encouraging the
people to send an
exhibit to the
World's Fair. He is
the author of two
original plays, has
been a frequent con
tributor to the press,
and has delivered many public addresses, among them
an address in the Old South Meeting House, Boston,
June 14, 1877, on the occasion of the hundredth anni
versary of the adoption of the American flag by Con
gress, and an oration at the unveiling of the Columbus
statue in 1'oston, Oct. 21, 1892. His paper on "Har
vard College during the War of the Rebellion," read
before the Bostonian Society, has attracted wide
attention.

BOSTON.

I65

EMORY J. HAYNES, D. D., the eloquent pastor of
the People's Church, is one of the commanding
figures in the Boston pulpit and in the Methodist Epis
copal denomination. He was born in Cabot, Vt., Feb.
6, 1847, the son of Rev. Zadoc S. and Marion W.
(Bayley) Haynes. In 1863 he entered Wesleyan Uni
versity, Middletown, Conn. During his junior year at
Wesleyan he preached his first sermon, in Royalton, Vt.,
his father, who was pastor of the church, being among
the hearers. In his
senior year he
preached for the „_,„
Main Street Church
(Methodist Episco
pal) at Norwich,
Conn., and after
graduating, in 1867,
and joining the Prov
idence Conference,
he was regularly in
stalled as pastor of
the Norwich church,
and remained there
three years. In
1870 he was called
to St. Paul's Church,
Fall River, and from
there he went to the
Hanson Place Meth-
odist Episcopal
Church in Brooklyn,
N. Y. His success
here was phenome
nal, the society and
congregation rapidly
increasing in num
bers under his minis
try. In 1873 the
church laid the cor
ner-stone of what is
now the home of the largest Methodist Episcopal church
and Sunday School in America. It was finished and dedi
cated in January, 1874. Mr. Haynes's next call was to
the Seventh Avenue (now Grace) Methodist Episcopal
Church in the same city. He had left the Hanson Place
society with the mutual understanding that he would
return at the end of three years, then the limit of the
pastoral term. Before the close of the second year,
however, his convictions concerning church government

EMORY J. HAYNES

and practice had undergone something of a change, and
he united with the Baptist denomination, accepting, in
1877, a call from the Washington Avenue Baptist
Church, Brooklyn. He remained there until 1885, when
he came to Boston as pastor of the Union Temple
Church, Tremont Temple. His labors at this "free
church of the strangers" for six years were highly suc
cessful, and his position here was one of the most labo
rious and influential in the Christian world, the aggregate
audiences gathering
at all the services in
Tremont Temple
each Sunday num
bering ten thousand
people. In 1891
Mr. Haynes resigned
the pastorate of the
Union Temple
Church and offered
himself to the bish
ops and conference
of the New England
branch of Methodism
who appointed him
at once to the Peo
ple's Church, where
he has since re
mained. His field of
usefulness here is
scarcely less broad
than it was at Tre
mont Temple, and
his hold upon the
masses is particularly
strong. He is the
author of several
works of fiction, in
cluding " Dollars and
Duty," "A Wedding
in War Time," and
many short stories. He is president of the Anti-Tene
ment House League. Dr. Haynes has been twice
married, his second wife being Grace, daughter of
William and Mary E. Forby, of New York. They have
five children. Mrs. Haynes owns a beautiful residence
on the Hudson River, below Poughkeepsie, N. Y., where,
because of long summer sojourns, Mr. Haynes is almost
as well known as in Boston. Colby University conferred
upon him the degree of D. D. in 1886.

1 66

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

EDWARD AVERY has attained his distinguished
position in the legal fraternity of Boston by
severe attention to his profession and by his great nat
ural ability for its details and intricacies. He was born
in Marblehead, Mass., March, 12, 1828, being the son of
General Samuel and Mary A. W. (Candler) Avery. Gen
eral Samuel Avery was a native of Vermont, and served
intheWarof 1812. He subsequently removed to Marble
head, where he commanded the local brigade of militia
for fifteen years,
served many years as
a selectman of the
tow n, and repre
sented it in the Gen
eral Court. Edward
Avery's mother was a
daughter of Captain
John Candler, of
English descent.
The branch of the
family with which
Edward Avery is
connected is de
scended from Samuel
Avery, a civil engi
neer, who received a
grant of land in Ver
mont embracing
the tracts known as
Avery's Gores. Mr.
Avery obtained his
early education in
the public schools of
Marblehead, finish
ing in Brook's Clas
sical School in
Boston. He then
entered the office of
F. W. Choate, and
jater completed his
course in the Harvard Law School. In April, 1849, ne
was admitted to the bar, and began practice in Barre,
Mass. In 1851 he removed to Boston, and has since
practised continually in that city, a greater part of the
time in association with George M. Hobbs, under the
firm name of Avery & Hobbs. Early in his career Mr.
Avery became interested in politics, and since 1851,
vvith the exception of a few years, he has been a mem
ber of the Democratic State Central Committee, being

EDWARD AVERY.

several times its chairman. He was once the Demo
cratic candidate for attorney-general of the State, and
several times for Congress. In the Democratic national
conventions of 1868 and 1876 he was a delegate, and
at both represented his State in the Committee on
Resolutions. He has frequently presided over Demo
cratic State conventions, and his addresses have always
been masterly presentations of Democratic doctrines.
He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conven
tion of 1892, where
he was a strong sup
porter of Mr. Cleve
land's nomination.
In 1867 he was one
of the eight Demo
cratic members of
the lower House of
the State Legislature,
and served on the
Committee on Pro
bate and Chancery.
In the campaign of
the next year he was
nominated for State
senator, and on the
night before election
he was re-nominated
for the House.
Elected to both po
sitions, he took his
seat in the Senate.
Air. Avery is a mem
ber of the Grand
Lodge of Masons of
Massachusetts. For
four years he was
district deputy
grand master of the
sixteenth Massachu
setts district, and for
some time was junior grand warden of the Grand Lodge.
In 1852 Mr. Avery married Susan Caroline, daughter of
Caleb Stetson, of Boston. His second wife was Mar
garet, daughter of David Greene. There have been
two children, a son and a daughter, the former, Albert
E., being engaged in the practice of law with his father.
Mr. Avery is reckoned among the most valued advisers of
of the Democratic leaders in Massachusetts, the safe con
servatism of his counsel proving of great use to his party.

BOSTON.

167

1W

J ODERN journalism in Boston dates from March
7, 1878. That was not the natal clay of the
Boston Globe, but on that date it was reorganized,
rejuvenated, resurrected almost, and, under the man
agement of Charles H. Taylor, started on a dazzling
career which has few, if any, parallels in American jour
nalism. In many respects, General Taylor's life has
been a noteworthy one. It has been a display of heroic
industry, zest, ambition, the bravest self-reliance, — and
from slight begin
nings he has achieved
much. He was born
in Charlestown,
Mass., July 14, 1S46,
the son of John I.
and Abigail R. (Hap-
good) Taylor. He
left school at the age
of fifteen, and went
to work in a Boston
printing-office, where
he learned the trade
of a compositor. A
year later, when he
was employed in the
Traveller office, he
enlisted in the
Thirty-eighth Mas
sachusetts Regiment,
and served in the
field until wounded
in the memorable as
sault on Port Hud
son, June 14, 1863.
Returning to Boston,
he re-entered the
Traveller office, and
soon made his mark
as a reporter. He
mastered the diffi
culties of shorthand, and did much notable work as
a stenographer. As Boston correspondent of the New
York Tribune and the Cincinnati Times, he earned con
siderable reputation. In 1869 he became private sec
retary to Governor Claflin, and a member of the latter's
military staff, with the rank of colonel, and as " Colonel
Taylor" he has since been known throughout New
England, though by the more recent appointment of
Governor Russell he is now properly addressed as

CHARLES H. TAYLOR.

General Taylor. In 1872 he was elected to the House
of Representatives from Somerville, and was re-elected
the following year, receiving the unusual honor on both
occasions of being the unanimous choice of his fellow-
citizens, regardless of party lines. He was elected
clerk of the House in 1873, and served until August
of that year, when he took charge of the Boston Globe,
then a new paper, which had been started about a year
before, and which was struggling hard to obtain a foot
hold among the old
Boston dailies. For
nearly five years
Colonel Taylor had
an uphill struggle,
and in that period
he suffered enough
discouragements to
have completely dis
heartened any ordi
nary man. The
Globe in those days
was narrow, ex
tremely literary, and
correspondingly un-
remuner a t i v e. On
March 7, 1878,
Colonel Taylor took
a bold step and re
organized the Globe
as a Democratic two-
cent daily paper, con
ducted on popular
lines and appealing
to the many instead
of the few. Since
that time it has been
one of the marvels of
American journalism,
following up one
original stroke with
another, until its influence has completely revolutionized
the press of Boston, and attaining a circulation which
is conceded by all to be the largest in New England.
General Taylor was married in 1866 to Georgiana O.,
daughter of George W. and L. F. Davis, of Charlestown.
He spent the summer of 1891 in Europe, and during
his absence his eldest son, C. H. Taylor, Jr. (who is
now business manager), conducted alone the enormous
business of the paper.

i68

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

BRYCE J. ALLAN, the only representative in Boston
of the Allan Line of Royal Mail Steamships, is
one of the figures in commercial and social life. He
was born in 1862 in Montreal, Canada, the third son of
Sir Hugh Allan, and from his youth has shown an apti
tude for business. He came to Boston about ten years
ago, and entered the office of H. & A. Allan, agents in
this city of the Allan Line. After familiarizing himself
with the business he succeeded to the agency in June,
1892, when he was
made manager of
the Boston office.
Mr. Allan has been
prominent in the
social events of the
city. Though he is
unmarried, his home
on Beacon Street in
Boston and his new
and beautiful cottage
at Pride's Crossing,
Beverly Farms, are
well known as resorts
of fashion and cul
ture. Under his
management the
business of the Allan
Line in this city has
prospered greatly,
and his is to-day
foremost among the
steamship agencies in
New England. Mr.
Allan's career in
Boston has been so
intimately connected
with the Allan Line
that some mention
of that enterprise is
fitting here. Cap
tain Alexander Allan, a native of Saltcoats, Ayrshire, was
the founder of the line. He was commander of the
ship "Jean," and won a reputation for faithful perform
ance of all contracts and quick and safe passages. In
1815, he ran the "Jean" from the Clyde to the St. Law
rence, and established a connection between these great
rivers which has continued unbroken to this day. Ship
after ship was added until Captain Allan was at the head
of quite a fleet of packets. Two of his sons were sea

faring men, and he made another son, Sir Hugh, a busi
ness man. A change in the transatlantic service was
made in 1850, when the British government desired
some firm to establish a fleet of screw steamers to carry
regularly the mails from Liverpool to Canada. The
Allans entered into the project, made all necessary
arrangements, and submitted an offer to the govern
ment. For some reason the offer was rejected, and the
contract was given to a Glasgow house. It did not give
satisfaction, and in
1853 the contract
was awarded to the
Allans, who have
held it since. In
1859 the service was
greatly increased,
and since then the
fleet has been
strengthened by new
vessels and various
improvements, until
the Allan Line is
second, in point of
perfection, to no
ocean mail service
in the world. In
1862 the Newfound
land mails were
taken, and in the
same year the com
pany loaded vessels
at Baltimore. In
1S76 a Uruguay ser
vice was established,
in 1879 offices
opened in Boston,
and in 1884 a Phila
delphia connection
made. In 1890 the
Messrs. Allan pur
chased the State line of steamships and opened an office
in New York, having a weekly service between that port
and Glasgow. The fleet at present consists of nearly
fifty vessels, and the company controls and operates
seven direct services between Europe and the United
States and Canada. The name of Allan is indissolubly
connected with the business of transatlantic steam trans
portation, and few firms have enjoyed such an uninter
rupted career of prosperity.

BRYCE J. ALLAN.

BOSTON.

169

ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE WILLIAM
FISHER WHARTON, who during the last
three years has handled many of the nation's delicate
and complicated diplomatic affairs witii such skill, is a
typical Bostonian. He is the son of William Craig and
Nancy W. (Spring) Wharton, and was born at Jamaica
Plain, June 2S. 1S47. When a boy he attended Epes
Sargent Dixwell's school, Boston. He entered Harvard
College in 1S67, and was graduated in the class of 1S70
with honors in Latin.
Greek and ancient
history. He studied ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
law in the office of
John C. Ropes and
John C. Gray for a
year, then attended
the Harvard L a w
School two years,
and was graduated
in 1873. being ad
mitted to the Suffolk
bar the same year.
He then travelled in
Europe until the au
tumn of 1S75, when
he returned to Bos
ton and began the
practice of law,
which he continued
until April, 1SS9,
when he w a s ap
pointed by President
Harrison assistant
secretary of state; of
the United States.
He served five suc
cessive terms in the
Boston Common
Council, 1SS0 to
1SS4 inclusive, early
developing a talent and tact for leadership among the
minority of that body, where his indefatigable and dig
nified efforts saved his party from overwhelming disas
ter. From 18S5 to iSSS. inclusive, he was a member of
the Massachusetts House of Representatives, serving in
1SS5 as House chairman of the Committee on Cities,
and as member of the Committee on Rules of the
House; and in 1SS6 and 1SS7 as House chairman of
the Committee on Railroads, and of the Joint Commit-

WILLIAM F. WHARTON.

tee on Rules ami chairman of the Committee on
House Rules: and in iSSS as chairman of the Judi
ciary Committee and the Committee on House Rules,
and House chairman of the Committee on Joint
Rules. In 1S83 he was appointed by the mayor of
Boston one of the commissioners to revise the ordi
nances of the citv. Before his appointment to his
present position he had made international law a special
study for many years, and had written a treatise on the
subject. He is also
the editor of the
second edition of
"Storv on Partner
ship." As assistant
secretary of state
Mr. Wharton has
had partial or entire
charge of many diffi
cult negotiations, in
volving the interest
and the good name
of the United States.
During the illness of
Secretary Blaine Mr.
Wharton was for
several months the
acting head of the
Department of State,
and his handling of
the Chilian negotia
tions, the Bering
Sea difficulties, the
Canadian fisheries
question and other
matters has placed
him in the front rank
of diplomats. Mr.
\\ harton is a mem
ber of the Somerset,
Union and other
leading clubs of Boston. Though he has always been
recognized as a thorough Republican he is regarded bv
his political opponents as one whose manliness and
independence are sufficient to cause him to be governed
by his sense of right, irrespective of the demands of
party. These qualities have endeared him to a wide
circle of friends, both in New England and at Washing
ton. Mr. Wharton was married to Miss Fanny Pickman,
of Boston, who died in 1S80.

170

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

AS medical practitioner and author, Henry 0. Marcy,
A.M., M.D., LL.D., has won an international
reputation. He was born in Otis, Mass., June 23, 1837.
His ancestry dates back to the early settlers of Massa
chusetts Bay, and they were prominent participants in
the development of the new country. Great-grand
father and son fought side by side in the Revolution,
while Dr. Marcy's father, at the age of eighteen, was a
a soldier in the War of 181 2. Dr. Marcy received his
preparatory and clas
sical education at
Wesleyan Academy
in Wilbraham, and at
Amherst College.
Graduating from the
medical department
of Harvard in 1863,
he was at once com
missioned as assis
tant surgeon in the
Forty-third Massa
chusetts Volunteers,
and served with
distinction until
the close of the
war, having been pro
moted from surgeon
of brigade and divis
ion to a medical di-
rectorship. Dr.
Marcy married Miss
Sarah E. Wendell, of
Great Falls, N. H.,
and settled in Cam
bridge. In 1869,
accompanied by his
wife, he went to Eu
rope and entered the
University of Berlin,
devoting hi mself
largely to the study of surgery, and in 1870 became the
first American pupil of Professor Lister, of Edinburgh.
Convinced of the correctness and value of the princi
ples of the antiseptic methods of wound treatment, Dr.
Marcy became at once the ardent advocate of the then
revolutionary methods of surgical procedure. He es
tablished a hospital, for the demonstration of the new
teaching, which i* still successfully conducted. Since
1876 he has been an annual contributor of scientific

HENRY O. MARCY

papers to the American Medical Association. At the
International Medical Congress in London in 1881, he
was invited to open the discussion, before the most dis
tinguished body of surgeons ever assembled, in defence
of the principles of antiseptic surgery. In 1884 he pub
lished a translation of the works of the late Professor
Ercolani, of Bologna. Dr. Marcy was one of the presi
dents of the International Medical Congress, held in
Washington in 1887. He is a member, active or honor
ary, of many of the
special medical so
cieties in Europe and
America, and is an
officer and active
promoter of the Pan-
American Congress
which convenes in
Washington in 1893.
In 1884 he was
president of the
American Academy
of Medicine, and in
1887 Wesleyan Uni
versity conferred
upon him the degree
of LL.D. His best
known publications
are : " Plastic Splints
in Surgery" (1877) ;
"Aspiration of the
Knee Joint" (1879);
"Histological Studies
of the Development
of the Osseous Cal
lous in Man and Ani
mals" (1881) ; "Cure
of Hernia by the
Antiseptic Use of
the Animal Suture"
(1878); "Best
Methods of Operative Wound Treatment" (1882) ;
"Comparative Value of Germicides" (1880); "Rela
tions of Micro-Organisms to Sanitary Science " (1883) ;
"Medical Legislation" (1885); "Surgical Advantages
of the Buried Animal Suture" (1888); "Histological
and Surgical Treatment of the Uterine Myoma" (1882).
His latest publication, issued in 1892, is a quarto volume
on the "Anatomy and Surgical Treatment of Hernia."
Dr. Marcy resides at No. 180 Commonwealth Avenue.

BOSTON.

171

A LIFE story which will repay attention is that of
John Oscar Teele, son of Samuel and Ellen Chace
(Clough) Teele, born in Wilmot, N. FL, July 18, 1839.
The family on his father's side is of Swiss origin, and on
his mother's side, English. Early in the seventeenth
century two brothers named Tell came from the Canton
of Berne, Switzerland, and settled in Massachusetts,
from the elder of whom Mr. Teele is descended. For
two or three generations the name Tell was retained, as
shown by records of
real estate transfers,
but for some reason
was changed to Teel.
Mr. Teele added the
final "e" in 1867,
simply as a matter of
taste, and that change
has since been
adopted by all per
sons of that name in
Massachusetts so far
as known. He was
fitted for college at
the New Hampton
and New London
(N. H.) academies.
He voted for Presi
dent Lincoln in
i860, and then went
immediately to New
Orleans to engage in
teaching for a while
before proceeding
with his college
course. While in
New Orleans he em
ployed his spare time
in reading law in the
office of Judah P.
Benjamin. Staying
through the exciting times of the secession of States and
until his friends in the South could no longer protect
him from being drafted into the Confederate Army, he
left for the North in the summer of 1861, passing
through Tennessee and Kentucky on the last train which
was allowed to go through until the close of the war.
He entered the offices of the late Judge George W.
Nesmith and Pike & Barnard, Franklin, N. H., and was
admitted to the New Hampshire bar in 1862. In that

JOHN 0. TEELE,

year he enlisted with a Dartmouth College company
which formed part of a Rhode Island squadron of cav
alry. He was serving as clerk of a court martial at
Winchester, Va., when that place was abandoned in
September, 1862, the force retiring to Harper's Ferry.
He was one of the body of cavalry that escaped from
Harper's Ferry the night before the surrender to Gen
eral Jackson, two days before the battle of Antietam.
He commenced the practice of law at Hillsboro Bridge,
N. H., in 1863, as a
partner of Hon.
James F. Briggs ; was
treasurer of Hillsboro
County for two or
three years, and re
moved to Boston in
1867. In 1868 he
formed a partnership
with the late attor
ney-general, Hon.
Charles R. Train,
which continued un
til Mr. Train's death,
in 1885. His prac
tice has been large
and successful, with
no specialty, except
perhaps in advising
towns and business
corporations. Mr.
Teele is a director
in the Winnisimmet
Company, the Atlas
Mutual Insurance
Company, the C. &
K. Company, of Bal-
lardvale, and other
corporations. He
was a member of the
lower House of the
Massachusetts Legislature in 1886 and 1887, serving on
the Judiciary Committee, and declining to run for a
third term. He was advanced two years for Dartmouth
College, but his college course was interrupted by the
war. He received his degree, however, from that col
lege after the close of the war. He was married in
February, 1868, to Mary Page Smith, daughter of the
late Lewis Smith, of Waltham. They have one child
living, a son now in Harvard College.

172

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

BOSTON'S brilliant young sculptor, Henry Hudson
Kitson, has already cut for himself a niche in the
temple of fame. Not yet thirty years of age, he is an
artist of greatpromise. He was born near Huddersfield,
Yorkshire, England, April 9, 1864. He was one of a
large family, several of whom have since risen to distinc
tion in the realm of literature, sculpture, or painting.
As a boy he attended evening classes at the Mechanics'
Institute at Huddersfield when but eight years old.
Before his twelfth
year he had taken
several prizes, among
them that given by
the Institute for
design. In 1877,
when just thirteen
years of age, young
Kitson came to
America and began
work with his brother
in New York on the
Astor memorial for
Trinity Church. It
was during these
years of practical
work in the cutting
of stone that the
young sculptor
gained the knowledge
and control of tools
that has since distin
guished him. Dur
ing this period young
Kitson did much
work in conjunction
with his brother on
the art decorations
of the principal pa
latial residences of
New York. In 1882
Mr. Kitson entered the Ecole des Beaux Arts and the
Ecole des Arts Decoratifs, at Paris. In the Salon of
1883, he exhibited his first bust from life, that of his
friend, Angelo Schiitze, musician and painter. The bust
of Amour, a sweet-faced child, was executed this year.
At the Beaux Arts he worked in the ateliers Dumont and
Bonnassieux, and at the Arts De'coratifs with Millet and
Gautier. About this time was commenced the " Music
of the Sea," which appeared in the Salon of 1884 and

HENRY H. KITSON

drew forth universal admiration. This exquisite work
is at present in the collection of Mrs. David P. Kimball,
of Boston. "The Fisherman's Wife" and the "Singing
Girl," both admirable, were modelled at this time.
Returning to America, Mr. Kitson made a bust of John
McCullough, the actor, from a death mask taken at Phila
delphia. Later he modelled the beautiful and delicate
bas-relief of Easter, the portrait of Miss Ruggles (Salon,'88)
and the statue of the late Mayor Doyle, of Providence.
Mr. Kitson was com
missioned by the
Roumanian Govern
ment to execute a
portrait bust of
Queen Elizabeth
(Carmen Sylva), for
which he was deco
rated Commander of
the Royal Order of
Bene Merenti, and
also received the
Queen's medal.
From the American
.Art Association and
from the Massachu
setts Charitable
Mechanic Associa
tion he has received
gold medals, and the
only medal awarded
for sculpture in the
American Section at
the Universal Expo
sition in Paris, in
1889, was awarded
to him. He mod
elled for the Drexels
of Philadelphia a life-
size figure of Christ
on the cross. He
has executed many other works of merit, his range
being very extensive. The most recent public works
which Mr. Kitson has completed are the statue of
Admiral Farragut, for the city of Boston, and the foun
tain for the Dyer Memorial in Providence. Mr. Kitson
is a member of the Ethnographical Society and of the
Societe" Americaine de France. An artist by predilection,
his scope has been enlarged by study and travel, and
his method enriched by worthy association.

BOSTON.

173

CARROLL DAVIDSON WRIGHT, United States
commissioner of labor, and one of the foremost
statisticians of the country, was born in Dumbarton,
N. H., July 25, 1840. He was educated in New Hamp
shire and Vermont, and began the study of law, but at
the beginning of the Civil War gave it up to enlist in
the Fourteenth New Hampshire Regiment, of which he
became colonel in December, 1864. He served as
acting assistant adjutant-general under General Sheri
dan, resigning in
March, 1865, and in
October of the same
year was admitted to
the bar of New
Hampshire. Being
in ill health, Mr.
Wright decided upon
a change of resi
dence, and moved to
Massachusetts. Dur
ing 1871-72 he was
a member of the
Senate of this State,
at which time he se
cured the passage of
a bill to provide for
the establishment of
workingmen's trains
to Boston from the
suburban districts.
From 1873 to 1888
Mr. Wright was chief
of the State Bureau
of Statistics of La
bor, and in 1880 was
appointed supervisor
of the United States
census in Massachu
setts ; he was also
special agent of the
census on the factory system. The Bureau of Labor in
the Interior Department at Washington was created in
June, 1884, and in January, 1885, Mr. Wright was made
the first commissioner, which position he now holds.
The governor of Massachusetts, in 1885, gave him a
commission to investigate the records of the towns,
parishes, counties and courts of the State, and the work
was earned on energetically and with good results.
Colonel Wright was a Republican presidential elector in

1876, and has had charge of the decennial census in the
State of Massachusetts in 1875 and 1885. During 1879
he was lecturer on phases of the labor question, eth
ically considered, at the Lowell Institute in Boston, and
in 1 88 1 was university lecturer at Harvard, on the fac
tory system. Mr. Wright has also been recording sec
retary of the American Social Science Association, and
is a member of a number of scientific societies. In
1883 he received the degree of A. M. from Tufts
College. Colonel
Wright has published
a number of books
of great value, deal
ing chiefly with labor
problems, in which
he is deeply inter
ested. H i s works
include: "Annual
Reports of the Mas
sachusetts Bureau of
Statistics of Labor "
(fifteen volumes,
Boston, 1873-88) ;
" Census of Massa
chusetts" (three vol-
um e s, 1876-77) ;
"The Statistics of
Boston" (1882);
" The Factory Sys
tem of the United
States " ( Washing
ton, 1882); "The
Census of Massachu
setts " (four vol
umes, Boston, 1887-
88) ; "Reports of
United States Com
missioner of Labor,"
including "Indus
trial Depressions"
(Boston, 1882) ; "The Factory System as an Element
in Civilization" (1882); "Scientific Basis of Tariff
Legislation" (1884); "The Present Actual Condition
of the Workingman " (1887); "The Study of Statistics
in Colleges" (1887); "Problems of the Census"
(1887); "Hand Labor in Prisons" (1887); "Histor
ical Sketch of the Knights of Labor" (1887); "The
Growth and Purposes of Bureaus of Statistics of
Labor" (1888).

CARROLL D. WRIGHT

174

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

THE Nestor of Massachusetts Democracy," as
General Patrick A. Collins once styled him, is
Charles Levi Woodbury. In his seventy-second year,
he is still as alert and vigorous as if he were only
twenty-five, and as close an observer, and as shrewd a
student of politics as when he did his first active cam
paign work for James K. Polk in 1844, and later for
Franklin Pierce in 1852. Descended from John Wood
bury, one of the early pioneers who settled on Cape
Ann in 1624, Charles
Levi Woodbury was
born in Portsmouth,
Rockingham County,
N. H., May 22, 1820.
When he was eleven
years of age he re
moved to Washing
ton with his father's
family, and received
his early education
in the capital city of
the nation. After
his admission to
the bar in the Dis
trict of Columbia,
Mr. Woodbury prac-
t i s e d in Alabama,
and some time later
came to Boston,
where he has been
in active practice
ever since. His
chief practice has
been in the Circuit
Courts of the United
States, and in the
Supreme Court at
Washington, while
throughout the entire
country he is recog
nized as one of the ablest expounders of constitutional
as well as of international law now living. In 1853 Mr.
Woodbury declined the mission to Bolivia, which was
tendered to him by President Franklin Pierce. He
was elected as a representative to the State Legislature
of New Hampshire in 1857. In the same year he was
appointed United States district attorney for Massachu
setts. Mr. Woodbury was elected to the Massachusetts
Legislature in 1870 and 1871. Lie has never aspired

DU
CHARLES LEV

to political office, although, in addition to his lifelong
devotion to the principles of Thomas Jefferson and
Andrew Jackson, with the latter of whom he was per
sonally acquainted, he has often held important posi
tions in Democratic organizations, and has been a
frequent speaker in defence of the principles of the
Democratic party in presidential campaigns. He is a
member of the New England Historic Genealogical
Society, and an honorary member of the historical
societies of Maine
and New Hamp-
shire. Mr. Wood
bury has held high
offices in the York
and Scottish rites oi
the Masonic organi
zation, and is now
second officer of the
Supreme Council of
the latter body, as
well as a member of
the Board of Trus
tees of the Grand
Lodge of Massachu
setts. Mr. Wood
bury has also done
considerable legal
literary work, being
one of the compilers
of three volumes of
"Woodbury and
Minot's Reports,"
and editor of the
second and third
volumes of "Levi
Woodbury's Writ
ings." On the ques
tion of the fisheries,
which has led to so
much discussion be
tween this country and Canada, Mr. Woodbury is one of
the foremost authorities in the United States, and he has
published several volumes dealing with this and other
questions involving our diplomatic relations with Great
Britain. He is also an authority on antiquarian, masonic,
political and historical subjects, on which he has from
time to time delivered numerous speeches and orations.
In Boston, as well as in Washington, Mr. Woodbury has
long been a conspicuous and familiar figure.

WOODBURY.

BOSTON.

175

WHEN Governor RusseU, in May, 1S92, appointed
John William Corcoran as associate justice of
the Superior Court, the Democracy of Massachusetts
lost one of its most influential workers, but the bench
gained a useful and honored member. Judge Corcoran
has probably led more forlorn hopes than any other
man in Massachusetts politics, having been a candidate
for State senator once, for district attorney of Worcester
County twice, for attorney-general twice, and for lieu
tenant-governor four
times. His promi
nence as a candidate
on the Democratic
State ticket involved
an immense amount
of campaign service,
and has made his
name as familiar
throughout New Eng
land as those of Rus
sell, Collins, Prince
or Matthews. He
never became so fas
cinated with politics,
however, as to let it
impede his progress
in the legal profes
sion, in which, bv
close attention to
work, he attained
high rank. Gifted
vvith versatile talents,
the practical side of
his character has won
for him the large
measure of respect
that is felt by all
who have bee n
brought into either
business or political
association with him. He was bom, June 14, 1S53, at
Batavia, N. Y., whither his parents had gone from Clin
ton, Mass. His family returning to Clinton, he attended
the public schools in that town, afterwards taking a
preparatory course at Holy Cross College. Worcester.
then continuing his studies at St. John's, Fordham, in
New York, and graduating from the Boston University-
Law School in 1875. Having been admitted to the bar,
he opened an office in Clinton, and later formed a part-

JOHN W. CORCORAN

nership with Herbert Parker. Since 18S9 he has had
an office in Boston. Mr. Corcoran was appointed in
January. 18S6, receiver of the Lancaster National Bank,
whose president had absconded, leaving the bank bur
dened with worthless paper, and its vaults rifled of the
most valuable securities. In the following July Air.
Corcoran declared a dividend of fifty per cent, and
dividends periodically thereafter until the creditors
received one hundred and nine per cent, in full of their
claims, including in
terest, for all of which
he was the recipient
of special mention by
the comptroller of
the currency. His
fellow-citizens in
Clinton have made
him school commit
teeman, town solic
itor, secretary and
treasurer of the Water
Board, and president
of the Board of Trade.
He was a member of
the Democratic State
Committee from
1SS3 until his resig
nation in 1S92, and
its chairman two
years ; delegate to
the National Demo
cratic conventions of
1S84 and iSSS. be
ing chairman of the
Massachusetts dele
gation in the latter
y ear ; j u d g e-a d v o-
cate general on Gov
ernor Russell's staff,
and chairman of the
Massachusetts Board of Alanagers of the World's Colum
bian Exposition, resigning on his appointment to the
bench. As candidate for lieutenant-governor in iSSS.
1SS0. 1890 and iSqi, he ran ahead of all the other Dem
ocratic candidates except the head of the ticket in the
three years last named. He was married in 1SS1 to
Alargaret J., daughter of Patrick and Alarv AIcDonald,
of Boston. They have two daughters and one son.
Judge Corcoran resides in Clinton.

176

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

NO State in the Union has more effective laws to
prevent the adulteration of foods than has Mas
sachusetts. A good share of this legislation owes its
origin to Professor James Francis Babcock, a chemist
of national reputation, and also known as the inventor
of the Babcock Fire Extinguisher. In an eminent de
gree he combines scientific attainments with practical
ability, and has been successful as an original investi
gator and as a man of business. He was born in Boston,
Feb. 23, 1844, the
son of Archibald D.
and Fanny F. (Rich
ards) Babcock.
Graduating from the
Quincy Grammar
School in 1857 and
from the English
High School in i860,
h e matriculated a t
Harvard, where, in
the Lawrence S c i -
entitle School, under
Professor E. N. Hors-
ford, he took up the
special study of
chemistry. Complet
ing the course, h e
began the practice
of chemistry in Bos
ton, where he has
since lived. As a
chemical expert he
soon acquired a rep-
u t a t i o n which has
steadily grown with
the years. The di
rectors of the Mas
sachusetts College of
Pharmacy called him
to the chair of chem
istry in that institution in 1869. He held this position
until 1874, when he resigned to accept the professorship
of chemistry in Boston University, and remained there
until 1880. As an instructor, Professor Babcock had
the faculty of inspiring those who came under his
guidance with his own enthusiasm for science, and his
treatment of obscure problems in the laboratory is said
to have been remarkably lucid. In 1875 Governor
Gaston appointed him State Assayer and Inspector of

JAMES F BABCOCK

Liquors, and he continued in this office through every
administration until 1885, having been re-appointed by
Governors Rice, Talbot, Long, Butler and Robinson.
Among the services which Professor Babcock rendered
to the Commonwealth during his long tenure of office
as State assayer, is to be noted his successful advocacy
of legislation defining the term "intoxicating liquor,"
and setting the three per cent, limit (subsequently re
duced to one per cent.), which was incorporated into the
Statutes of 1880. In
1885 Mayor O'Brien
appointed Professor
Babcock inspector of
milk for the city of
Boston. He held
this office four years,
and greatly increased
its efficiency by im
proving the methods
of carrying out the
details of the work
of the office. Pro
fessor Babcock suc
ceeded in almost
wholly suppressing
the use of arnotto and
other coloring mat
ter in milk, which
had previously been
universal among the
dealers. This diffi
cult task Professor
Babcock accom
plished by the dis
covery and applica
tion of new methods
for the detection of
coloring matters in
milk. These meth
ods have since been
adopted by milk analysts in many other cities. As a
chemical expert Professor Babcock has frequently been
called upon to testify in important court cases in this
and other States, and his opinions are accepted as final
in matters connected with his profession. He is also
well known as a lyceum lecturer on scientific subjects,
which he treats in a popular style and with great
clearness. In 1865 he married Mary Porter Crosby, of
Boston. They have three children.

BOSTON.

177

ANDREW JACKSON BAILEY, city solicitor, has
charge of Boston's interests in the courts. As
attorney and as legislator he had given ample proof that
they would be safe in his keeping, and he has fully
justified the predictions that were made at the time of
his election in 1881. Mr. Bailey was born in Charles
town, Mass., July 18, 1840, the son of Barker and Alice
(Ayers) Bailey. He was educated at the public schools
and at Harvard, being a member of the class of 1863.
He enlisted in 1861
in the Charlestown
City Guards, Com
pany K, Fifth Regi
ment, and was in the
first battle of Bull
Run. In 1864 he
again enlisted, and
was commissioned
lieutenant in Com
pany H, Fifth Regi
ment. At the close
of the war, Mr.
Bailey began the
study of law, and in
1866 was elected
clerk of the police
court in Charles
town, holding that
office until 1 87 1. He
was admitted to the
bar in 1867. A ser
vice of four terms
in the General Court
gave him a wide ex
perience in legisla
tive matters, and he
made a most credit- L—
able record in the
House as chairman
of the Committee on
Mercantile Affairs, and of the Committee on Elections.
In the Senate he served on the Committee on the
Hoosac Tunnel Railroad, and was instrumental in the
legislation which resulted in the State's parting with
the tunnel. In the Senate, as chairman of the Commit
tee on Labor Matters, he secured the passage of the first
bill regulating the employment of women and children
in manufacturing establishments. Mr. Bailey was a
member of the Common Council of Charlestown in 1868

ANDREW J. BAILEY

and 1869, and of the School Committee from 1869 to
1872, and was president of the Council in 1869. He
was a member of the Common Council of Boston in
1880 and 1881, and was president of that body in the
latter year. He resigned in November, and was sub
sequently elected city solicitor, which office he has
since held continuously by election or appointment.
Mr. Bailey has always taken an active interest in the
welfare of the veterans, was one of the promoters of the
Soldiers' Home i n
Massachusetts, and
has been on the Board
of Trustees since its
incorporation. He is
a member of Post
n, G. A. R., and
was for two years
judge-advocate of
the Department of
Massachusetts. Mr.
Bailey is one of the
charter members of
Faith Lodge of Free
Masons, and a mem
ber of Hugh de
Payen Commandery.
He is a member of
the Massachusetts
Commandery of the
Loyal Legion, and of
the Bunker Hill
Monument Associa
tion. In 1869 Mr.
Bailey was married
to Miss Abby V .
Getchell, of Charles
town. As city solici
tor Mr. Bailey has
been singularly fortu
nate in his trial of
causes for the municipality, and not the slightest criti
cism has ever been passed upon his management of the
city's interests entrusted to his care. That he enjoys
the implicit confidence of all his fellow-citizens, irre
spective of party, and is well liked in social as well as in
legal circles, shows better than anything else the fine
qualities of the man. Mr. Bailey is regarded as a man
of sound judgment, whose opinion is sure to be the result
of careful consideration.

173

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

THE youngest of the leading New England financiers
is Dwight Braman. He is the eldest surviving
son of the late Colonel Jarvis Dwight Braman, and was
born in Boston, March 6, 1861. He comes from a
family which for six generations has been noted for its
public spirit. Impatient to enter the financial world,
Mr. Braman declined to go to college with most of his
associates, but went into business instead. He was the
youngest member ever elected to the Boston Stock
Exchange. One of
his first, as well as
one of his greatest,
financial undertak
ings, which had pre
viously caused the
collapse of other
financiers, was the
absorption, single-
handed, of the East
ern Railroad. The
stock was practically
worthless as a divi
dend-paying invest
ment, but by for
mulating plans to
remove the obstacles
and appealing to the
Supreme Court of
Massachusetts on one
of the finest points
of law ever made,
Air. Braman won the
case, the debt of the
road was reduced
from sixteen to ten
million dollars, and
the stock was made a
dividend-paying one.
And this when Mr.
Braman was only
twenty-five years of age."- He next planned the consoli
dation of the Eastern with the Boston & Maine, and in
this made several millions for himself and his associates.
This consolidation was effected after the necessary
legislation in various States had been secured. Mr.
Braman's next great plan was the uniting of all the
street railway lines in Boston under one management,
which was successfully accomplished. He next opened
negotiations for the control and purchase of the Pough-

DWIGHTjBRAMAN

keepsie Bridge and the connecting roads into New
York, New Jersey and Connecticut, which he regarded
as of vital importance to Boston interests. Mr. Braman
got control of the bridge, but owing to the sudden
death of the manager of the Boston & Maine, it was
turned over to the Reading, which made possible the
formation of the famous coal combination. Mr. Braman
then set to work to get the Reading interested in the
Boston & Maine, so that the two combinations could be
operated together in
harmony under one
management, the
Reading controlling
the coal fields and
the Boston & Maine
supplying the mar
ket. This great con
solidation of interests
was finally effected,
bringing under one
head nine thousand
miles of track and
one hundred and
twenty thousand em
ployees. Air. Bra
man is president of
the San Diego Land
and Town Company
and of the National
City & Otay Railroad
Company, and trus
tee or director in
many large corpora
tions. His ambition
has always been to
see Boston have a
great through trunk-
line of its own, inde
pendent of rival in
terests, and this has
now, in great measure through his efforts, been accom
plished. He is fond of athletics and is an accomplished
horseman and yachtsman. He is also a patron of
music and art. Air. Braman is unmarried. His vast
financial interests, his deeds of service to others, includ
ing the gift of a library, the endowment of a hospital
for consumptives and numerous other useful acts of
charity and benevolence quietly administered, have kept
him fully occupied.

BOSTON.

179

ORGANIZED effort, directed by a liberal and far-
seeing public spirit, has always characterized the
leading business men of Boston, and has accomplished
much for the general good. In no city of the country
is there to be found a more efficient and influential
body of business men than the Boston Merchants'
Association. It has been more prominently identified
than any other organization with the work of securing
national legislation in the interests of trade, its influence
having been most po
tent at Washington
in behalf of a na
tional bankruptcy
law and many other
measures. Upon the
shoulders of Beverly
K. Moore, secretary
of the Boston Mer
chants' Association,
has fallen no small
share of the burden
and responsibility of
bringi ng these
weighty matters to a
successful issue. By
natural ability, and
by a varied experi
ence in legal, finan
cial and commercial
affairs, he has
been handsomely
equipped for his du
ties. Mr. Moore has
probably had more
experience in Wash
ington than any other
New Englander who
is not a legislator.
He was born in Bid
deford, Me., Nov. 25,
1847, the son of Jeremiah and Juliet Kendal Moore.
Coming to Massachusetts in early life, he read law in Bos
ton in 1869 and 1870, and then for several years travelled
throughout the West and South in the interest of a
leading mercantile agency of New York. In 1876 he
returned to Boston, where he established a branch of
the agency and remained in charge of it about two
years. The two following years he was superintendent
of the Louisville (Ky.) branch of Bradstreet's Agency.

BEVERLY K. MOORE

Returning again to Boston, in 1881, he opened a law and
collection business, which has ever since been remark
ably prosperous, growing to such proportions that it was
found necessary to incorporate it. This was done in
1889, under the name of the Mercantile Law Company,
with Mr. Moore as its president. The company has
entire charge of the collection department of the Bos
ton Alerchants' Association, and has associate offices in
all the large cities. The collection department of the
Merchants' Associa
tion was established
by Mr. Moore in
1883. In commer
cial circles through
out the country Mr.
Moore is widely
known. At the an
nual meeting of the
Associated Law and
Collection Offices, in
June, 1891, he was
chosen president of
the organization. He
has also been treas
urer of the Home
Market Club for a
number of years, and
has contributed
much, in connection
with Colonel Clarke,
toward the effective
ness of that organi
zation. Mr. Moore's
manifold duties, as
secretary of the Bos
ton Merchants' As
sociation (an office
which he has held
since 1883), as treas
urer of the Home
Market Club, and as president of the Mercantile Law
Company, are sufficient to tax the energies of ten ordi
nary men. But in addition to these he has important
private business interests. He finds at his beautiful
home in Newtonville — the Governor Claflin estate —
his only rest and relaxation from business cares. Mr.
Moore was married in 1876 to Miss Annie T. Hooper,
daughter of Colonel E. H. C. Hooper, of Biddeford, Ale.
They have five children.

i8o

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

THE fortune of George Fordyce Blake, the head of
that great enterprise, the George F. Blake Manu
facturing Company, was founded on his invention of a
steam pump, many years ago. He was born in Farm
ington, Me., on May 20, 1819, being the son of Thomas
Dawes Blake. Mr. Blake is descended from a famous
New England family, one of his ancestors being William
Blake, who came to this country in 1630 from Little
Baddow, Essex, England, to settle in Dorchester.
When the War of
the Revolution
broke out, Increase
Blake, grandfather of
George F., was liv
ing in Boston, where
he was engaged in
the manufacture of
tin-plate goods. He
refused to supply the
British troops with
canteens, and in
retaliation they de
stroyed his shop and
other property.
Thomas Dawes Blake
was born in Boston,
studied medicine,
and after a time set
tled in Farmington,
Me. George F., at
the age of fourteen,
was apprenticed to
the trade of house
building, and in
1839 left Farm
ington and went to
Peabody, Mass.,
where he worked at
his trade seven years.
Then he entered the
employ of Peter Hubbell, at Cambridge, Mass., as mechan
ical engineer at Mr. Hubbell's brick-yards, where he'^had
general charge of the works. In 1862 he was granted
a patent for a water meter. In time, the brick-yards
having been removed to Medford, it was found that
the clay there could not be worked with the ordinary
machinery. Mr. Blake, therefore, planned and con
structed a new machine for pulverizing the clay, and
patented this invention in 1861. The clay pits con-

GEORGE F. BLAKE.

stantly filled with water, and Mr. Blake set to work to
overcome this difficulty. The result was the Blake
steam pump, which is perhaps his greatest mechanical
triumph. The pump was put to severe tests in the clay
pits to keep them free of water, and the new invention
was found to be a nearly perfect thing. In 1864 Mr.
Blake, in association with Job A. Turner and Peter
Hubbell, began the manufacture and sale of these pumps
and water meters in a little shop on Province Street,
Boston. Growing
business caused sev
eral successive
removals, until, i n
1873, the firm occu
pied a large build
ing at the corner of
Causeway and
Friend streets. The
foundry for large
castings was at East
Cambridge. In 1874
a joint stock com
pany was formed,
under the title of
"The George F.
Blake Manufactur
ing Company," with
George F. Blake as
its president. In
1879 the plant of
the Knowles Steam-
pump Works at War
ren, Alass., was pur
chased, and in 1890
the Blake Company
removed its manu
factory to East Cam
bridge, where it now
occupies works
covering four acres,
and with a main building four hundred feet long and
one hundred feet wide. The business was recently
purchased by an English syndicate, but Mr. Blake still
retains an interest in it. The company has built some
of the most notable steam pumps in use, some having a
capacity of twenty million gallons of water in twenty-
four hours. Air. Blake possesses, in a high degree, the
rare combination of inventive talents and great business
ability.

BOSTON.

181

AMONG the manufacturers of New England none
stand higher in the estimation of their fellows
than John Hopewell, Jr., who was born in Greenfield,
Mass., in February, 1844. When he was one year old
his parents moved to Shelburne Falls, where he lived
until 1861. He attended school until he was fourteen;
he then went with Lamson, Goodnow & Co., and learned
the cutlery trade. During a part of this time he at
tended night school at the academy. He then studied at
a private school until
he went to Spring
field to live, where
he procured employ
ment with the Wason
Manufacturing Com
pany. During the
war young Hopewell
worked in the United
States Armory, and
at the close of the
Rebellion he was dis
charged, owing t o
an order from Wash
ington to get rid of
all the single men.
During this time he
thoroughly mastered
book-keeping, and
procured a position
as accountant, but
his active tempera
ment made the work
distasteful to him.
He next engaged in
the publishing busi
ness in Albany. As
a new venture he
sold L. C. Chase &
Co.'s robes and
blankets for Josiah
Cummings, of Springfield. During this time he made
arrangements to handle Chase's goods on the road, and
then came to Boston as their representative. He thus
came in close contact with the Chases, L. C. and
H. F., who were at the head of their business in this
country. They, in company with Thomas Goodall, had
just formed a partnership in the erection of the Sanford
Mills. The business grew rapidly from the time Mr.
Hopewell connected himself with the concern, and in a

JOHN HOPEWELL, JR.

short time he succeeded the Chases, between whom
and himself the most pleasant friendship has continued
to exist. Air. Hopewell is an ardent protectionist, and
he believes that the permanent good of the country
depends upon the protective principle. He has been a
director, and one of the most active members, of the
Home Alarket Club since its organization, and on more
than one occasion has given public utterance to his
views in an able manner In 1891 Mr. Hopewell was
elected to the Mas
sachusetts Legisla
ture, but owing to
ill health he was un
able to attend its
sessions, or take an
active part in its de-
li be rat ions. Re
garded as one of the
foremost business
men and financiers
of the East, it is not
surprising that h i s
support is usually
sought in behalf of
important commer
cial ventures. Direc
torships innumerable
have been tendered
him, but his firm's
interests have pre
vented his accept
ance thereof, and
beyond a seat at the
board of one impor
tant bank, and sev
eral other organiza
tions, he has hitherto
declined all such
offers. Three years
ago Mr. Hopewell
became interested in Southern enterprises, and became
vice-president, and on the death of General Fiske was
elected president, of the company that created Harri-
man, the new city of Tennessee. The latter office,
which has since been assumed by Ex-Postmaster
Thomas L. James, of New York, he declined. Mr.
Hopewell is a member of the Cambridge, Colonial and
Union clubs of Cambridge, and of the Art Club of
Boston.

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

THE history of the Old Colony Railroad forms an
integral part of the history of Massachusetts, not
only of to-day, but of the past, and the career of its
president, Mr. C. F. Choate, is of interest to all who are
i nterested in the welfare of the State. That he came to
his present position well equipped for the duties of the
office is evidenced by the giant strides that the company
has made, showing an enterprise well and wisely
directed which has made itself felt all over the country.
Charles Francis
Choate, son of Dr.
George and Marga
ret (Hodges) Choate,
was born in Salem, i
Essex County, May
16, 1828. He is a
lineal descendant of
John Choate, the
common ancestor of
this distinguished
family in Massachu
setts. John Choate
came from the west
of England to the
colonies about 1641,
and settled at Che-
bacco, now Essex.
The early education
of Mr. Choate was
received in the pub
lic schools of Salem,
ending in the Salem
Latin School, where
he prepared for col
lege. He was -grad
uated from Harvard
in the class of 1849.
He then became a
tutor in mathematics,
and while discharg
ing the duties appertaining to his position also attended
the law and scientific schools of the university. He
was admitted to the Suffolk County bar in September,
1855, and at once opened a law office in Boston. His
legal practice was largely devoted to railroad interests,
including those of the Old Colony Railroad Company,
of which he was counsel. The knowledge and experi
ence thus gained in twenty-two years of professional life
eminently qualified him for the position he now holds.

C. F. CHOATE.

Mr. Choate's primary association with the Old Colony
Railroad was in the capacity of counsellor to the corpo
ration, having been employed as such since 1865. In
1872 he was elected to membership in the board of
directors, and in 1877 was chosen the president of the
company by a unanimous vote. Since that time he
has been honored with consecutive annual re-elections.
Since his administration began, the record of the road
has been one of continuous and remarkable prosperity
and growth. Simul
taneously with his
election to the pres
idency of the Old
Colony Railroad
Company he was
elected to the pres
idency of the Old
Colony Steam
boat Company. Mr.
Choate has been a
director and vice-
president of the New
England Trust Com
pany for several
years, and is vice-
president of the Mas
sachusetts Hospital
Life Insurance Com
pany ; but with these
exceptions he has de
clined to accept any
office in addition to
those in which he
has won so much dis
tinction, and the du
ties and responsibil
ities of which are
sufficiently exacting
for the abilities of
any one a d m i n i s -
trator. Mr. Choate was married in Utica, N. Y., Nov
7, 1855, to Elizabeth W., daughter of Edward and
Hannah (Thompson) Carlile, of Providence, R. I. Of
this union were five children : Edward C, Sarah C.
(wife of J. Montgomery Sears), Margaret M. (wife
of Nathaniel I. Bowditch), Helen, and Charles F.
Choate, Jr. The last-named is a successful lawyer in
Boston. Mr. Choate lives on Beacon Street, and his
country residence is in Southboro.

BOSTON.

l8"-

TO the great majority of lawyers success at the bar
comes only after many years of struggle. To W.
E. L. Dillaway, however, it came before he had even
been admitted to the bar. At the age of nineteen,
while studying in the office of A. A. Ranney and Nathan
Morse, he argued his first brief before the full bench of
the Afassachusetts Supreme Court, and won his case.
That success was followed by an almost unbroken line
of legal victories, quite unprecedented in a young man,
until, at the age of
thirty-six, Mr. Dilla
way retired from
practice to devote
his entire time to his
vast financial inter
ests. Born in Bos
ton, Feb. 17, 1S52,
Air. Dillaway is a
descendant of one of
the oldest Boston
families. He was
educated in the pub
lic schools, and after
graduating at the
English High School
he took a special
course at Harvard,
graduating from the
law department i n
the class of 1 8 7 1
when but eighteen
years old. Two
years of study in the
office of Ranney &
Aforse followed, and
in 1873, before he
had attained his ma
jority, Mr. Dillaway
was admitted to the
bar. He had al
ready had an extensive experience as a jury lawyer, his
persuasive eloquence and his ready wit, combined with
his legal acumen, making him unusually successful in
jury cases. After remaining with Messrs. Ranney &
Morse for a time, Air. Dillaway engaged in general
practice. From the very beginning of his legal career,
Mr. Dillaway had the largest and most lucrative practice
enjoyed by any young man at the bar in Boston. Be
sides being the attorney for many banks and corpora-

W. E. L. DILLAWAY

tions, he was prominently identified as counsel in the
Smith will case, in the patent litigation of the National
Pump Association, in the failure of the famous Pacific
National Bank, and in numerous other important cases.
He was also counsel for the West End Street Railway
Company, having entire charge of its legislative matters,
upon which all its subsequent success was founded.
Mr. Dillaway was sole counsel for the Bay State Gas
Company, in all its controversies for admission to the
right to do busi
ness in Massachu
setts, and in the
course of that litiga
tion was opposed at
one time or another
by all the leading
lawyers of the State.
In every case he was
successful. He had
charge of the nego
tiations, oftentimes
delicate and compli
cated, which brought
about the consolida
tion of the gas com
panies in Boston, and
is a director in all of
them, as well as being
the heaviest owner
of gas stock in Bos
ton. In 1S88 Mr.
Dillaway retired from
the practice of law,
having found that his
private business and
that of the corpora
tions vvith which he
is connected called
for his entire atten
tion. He owns a
controlling interest in the stock of the Alechanics Na
tional Bank, of which his brother, Air. C. O. L. Dilla
way, is the president. He is one of the heaviest
real estate owners and taxpayers in Boston, and has
large interests in the West. In iSSS" Mr. Dillaway
was selected to deliver the Fourth of July oration for
the city of Boston. He is an enthusiastic collector of
rare books, bronzes, etchings and prints. Air. Dillaway
was married in 1874 to Miss Gertrude St. Clair Eaton,

184

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

ONE of the prominent men in the journalistic circles
of Boston at the present time is Colonel Edwin
Hutton Woods, to whose original business methods and
inventive genius the Boston Herald is largely indebted
for its commanding position. Mr. Woods was born in
Boston, Oct. 6, 1843, and at the age of fourteen began
his career in the hardware store of Allen & Noble.
His education was obtained in the public schools, but
he secured some mercantile instruction by a course in a
commercial college.
In 1862, although
but nineteen years
of age, he enlisted
in the Army of the
Potomac as sergeant
of Company B, For
tieth Regiment, and
while marching t o
Miner's Hill, Vir
ginia, in September
of the same year, re
ceived a severe sun
stroke, which d i s -
abled him to such a
degree that he was
discharged from the
army the following
spring. Returning
to his native city, he
sought employment
in the counting-room
of the Herald as a
book-keeper, and his
employers soon real
ized how valuable an
acquisition he was to
the working force of
that paper. At that
time there were but
three wholesale
dealers in the city who purchased the Sunday edition of
the Herald, and they sold quantities as needed to the
smaller dealers. Mr. Woods suggested that the papers
be sold direct, and also that newsdealers obtain their
papers on the ticket plan, thus saving the trouble of
receiving so much cash over the counters. These plans
were adopted and found to be so practicable that all
other publishers availed themselves of his improved
methods. The idea of sending Sunday trains out for

the purpose of distributing the Herald all over New Eng
land also originated in the active brain of Mr. Woods.
The firm, which in 1888 consisted of R. M. Pulsifer &
Co., admitted Mr. Woods to partnership in that year, and,
when a corporation was established, he took the posi
tion of vice-president and business manager. Later he
was elected president, a position which he holds at the
present time. Colonel Woods established the Hotel
and Railroad News Company of Boston, and held the
position of vice-pres
ident for several
years, and is a direc
tor now. He is also
vice-president of the
American News-
paper Publishers'
Association, and
president of the
Boston Publishers'
Association. He is
a member of the
Algonquin Club, Bos
ton Press Club, and
the Hull Yacht Club.
Mr. Woods was ap
pointed assistant
adjutant-general, with the rank of
colonel, on the staff
of Governor Ames,
in 1889. He has
also held many
offices, including
that of commander
of Post 7, Grand
Army of the Repub
lic, and was lieuten
ant of Company E,
Seventh Regiment,
Massachusetts V o 1-
unteer Militia, for three years. He served as a member
of the Common Council several years, and is an active
member of Joseph Warren Lodge of Alasons. Besides
being eminently successful in business life, Colonel
Woods has distinguishing social characteristics, and his
pleasant disposition and hearty manner have won him a
host of friends in every walk of life. Colonel Woods
believes firmly in modern methods, and much of his suc
cess is due to his executive ability and business acumen.

EDWIN H. WOODS

BOSTON.

I85

THOUGH not a native of Massachusetts, or even
of New England stock, General John M. Corse,
"the hero of AUatoona," is closely identified with Bos
ton in many ways, having been its postmaster for four
years and having greatly increased the efficiency of the
postal service. General Corse was born in Pittsburg,
Penn., April 27, 1835, being descended from a Hugue
not family that settled in the South early in the
eighteenth century. General Corse's parents moved
to St. Louis, and later
to Burlington, la.,
while he was still
quite young, and his
early education was
obtained in those
places. He entered
West Point in 1853,
but withdrew before
graduation and stud
ied law, being ad
mitted to the bar in
i860. He began the
practice of his pro
fession in Burlington,
la. Taking an active
interest in politics,
he was the candidate
for secretary of state
of Iowa in i860 on
the Douglas ticket.
At the breaking out
of the Rebellion he
entered the service
as a captain of artil
lery. Then he was
transferred as major
of the Sixth Iowa In
fantry, and later was
assigned on the staff
of General John
Pope, with the rank of judge-advocate general, and
afterwards inspector-general. After participating in
many engagements, he was made lieutenant-colonel of
the Sixth Iowa Infantry, and joined Sherman's army
in the siege of Corinth, Memphis and Vicksburg. For
gallantry at the assault on Jackson he received the
commission of brigadier-general, and took command
of the Fourth Division of the Fifteenth Army Corps.
At the battle of Mission Ridge, General Corse's leg was

JOHN M. CORSE.

broken by a shell. After recovering from the wound
he joined General Sherman's staff and marched with
him to the sea. It was his bravery at AUatoona Pass
that made him famous throughout the country and won
for him the rank of major-general. With a handful
of resolute soldiers he withstood for hours a deadly fire
from the enemy, refusing to surrender, and holding the
important position until reinforcements from General
Sherman arrived. He was wounded five times during
the war. After a two
years' campaign in
the Northwest against
the Sioux, he was ap
pointed lieutenant-
colonel in the regu
lar army. Resigning
from the army, Gen
eral Corse was ap
pointed internal rev
enue collector by
President Johnson.
He held this position
for two years and
then went abroad,
where he remained
several years. Re
turning from Europe,
he engaged in the
construction of har
bors and railways in
the West. Coming
East to live, General
Corse settled in Bos
ton, where he has
since lived. In 1886
President Cleveland
appointed him post
master of Boston,
and the appointment
was received with
equal satisfaction by Republicans and Democrats. Post
master Corse was very successful in his endeavors to
improve the efficiency of the Boston post-office, and
the work he accomplished there was appreciated by
every business man in Boston. General Corse was
married in 1856 to Miss Ellen Edwards Prince, who
died, leaving one son, who is now a railroad man in
the West. In 1883 General Corse again married, his
second wife being the niece of President Franklin Pierce.

1 86

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

WHAT the twin brothers, Cyrus and Darius Cobb,
have done for American art can scarcely be
even hinted at within the limits of a brief biographical
sketch. Suffice it to say, that in the realms of histori
cal painting, and sculpture they stand unrivalled. When
the story of their wonderful lives — embracing, as they
do, so many and such varied spheres of activity, and
yet dominated by a single purpose, and fitting into each
other with perfect harmony — comes to be written, it
will be one of the
most fascinating bi-
ographies in the
world's literature,
and a source of in
spiration to all whose
lives are controlled
by high ideals. For
a man to leave his
chosen field of art
in which he has at
tained high distinc
tion, take up the
study of law for a
given purpose,
achieve pronounced
success at the bar,
and then, returning
to art, win new lau
rels and add to a
fame already estab
lished, requires
something more than
talent ; it requires
genius. That, in a
nutshell, is the life-
story of Cyrus Cobb.
In 1873 he entered
the bar — he was the
first graduate of the
Boston Law School
— to aid in accomplishing his own and his brother's
long-maintained purpose, which the adverse conditions
governing historical art in this country rendered neces
sary. Thus aided, Darius continued his work, and
established his name as one of the greatest historical
painters of modern times. Cyrus lost but three jury
cases in his whole legal career of nearly ten years, and
his critical review of the case of Airs. Myra Clarke
Gaines vs. the City of New Orleans was pronounced by

1

'"%&*.

CYRUS COBB

Mrs. Gaines's counsel to be one of the ablest of the
many able papers written on the case. When he re
joined his brother in art work he immediately produced
his great painting, "Jesus Condemned,"'which critics
and artists have declared could be judged only by
European standards. He then painted his "Warren at
the Old South," which hangs in the Boston Art Museum,
and which, aside from its artistic merits, has a peculiar
psychological value, arising from the fact that while
Darius was, in the
language of his
brother artists,
"striding forward
with seven - league
boots in his art,"
Cyrus was concen
trating all his powers
on the law, and yet,
when he renewed his
art, his advance in it
was found to have
been just equal to
his brother's. After
painting this work,
he left the brush to
Darius, and since
then has devoted
himself to sculpture.
His busts have won
him renown, his suc
cess w i t h post-
mortem subjects
being especially
marked, and his
work from the photo
graph has established
his name abroad.
His head of General
Grant was at once
recognized as supe
rior to all likenesses of any kind, and his statue of
"America," which is to go into the arcade of his
soldiers' monument at Cambridge, is one of the great
statues of all times. His design for the monument was
selected as incomparably superior to all other compet
ing designs — over forty in number. His colossal head
of the " Celtic Bard," which has recently been photo
graphed, is pronounced worthy the hand of Michael
Angelo.

BOSTON.

I87

DARIUS COBB, with his twin brother Cyrus, was
born in the birth chamber of Adoniram Judson,
the great missionary, at Maiden, Mass., Aug. 6, 1834.
Both their parents were descended direct from the
Pilgrims. Their paternal grandfather and grandmother
were both Cobbs, one of the sixth and the other of the
seventh generation from Elder Henry Cobb, who came
over on the second voyage of the "Mayflower." Their
father, Rev. Dr. Sylvanus Cobb, was one of the leading
theologians of his
day, being a power
in the work of liber
alizing the Christian
pulpit. Their mother
was a very talented
woman, being for
twelve years presi
dent of the Ladies'
Physiological Insti
tute. Her maiden
name was Eunice
Hale W a i t e . On
her father's side she
came from the Hales
and the Waites, and
her mother was a
Stanwood. She
therefore repre
sented three of the
most influential fami
lies in the country.
The father of the
twins removed to
Waltham when they
were three years old,
and to East Boston
when they were six.
The foundation for
the brothers' varied
attainments, which
have made their names prominent aside from their art,
was laid in their early youth, when they made it a rule
to rise at four o'clock, study music till breakfast and art
until the middle of the afternoon, and then pursue
their literary studies till midnight. Their lives were in
a sense interchangeable. They deemed it wise, how
ever, to make their professions distinct, Darius choosing
painting and Cyrus sculpture. Their art work was inter
rupted by the War of the Rebellion. They enlisted in

DARIUS COBB

the Forty-fourth Massachusetts Infantry, performing
their duty in the field with the same spirit that has
characterized their civil life. Darius' work in art has
embraced historical paintings, portraits and landscapes.
At the age of seventeen he expressed his determination
to paint the Christ, which he produced thirty years after
ward in his "Christ Before Pilate," a painting that has
taken rank as one of the great masterpieces of modern
times. It is universally pronounced the best rendering
of the Saviour ever
produced in art, the
poet Whittier lead
ing in this opinion.
Darius stands in the
front rank of portrait
painters. His por
traits of Rufus
Choate, G_e n e r a 1
Butler and George
T. Angell are nota
ble examples. He
has recently made a
sketch for a large
painting in which
heavenly hosts are
descending to the
earth and annihila
ting evil, which,
when put upon the
large canvass with
the success that has
attended all his his
torical paintings, will
give his name pre
eminence. He is
now engaged upon a
large painting, repre
senting a maiden
just rising from the
earth, attended by
two angels who are ushering her into life eternal. The
subject was suggested to him years ago by the death of
his sister, and it will be, when finished, the most beau
tiful and effective work he has yet produced. The twin
brothers married sisters, Darius, Laura AL, and Cyrus,
Emma Lillie, who are direct descendants of John Alden,
which brings their children into the same ancestral line
vvith John and John Quincy Adams The brothers Cobb
have large families of children.

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

IN no city of the country are there better facilities than
in Boston for the accommodation of travellers arriv
ing here or passing through the city from one railway
station to another. With the growth of Boston has
grown up an enormous business in the transfer of passen
gers and baggage — a business that has been thoroughly
systematized and brought under the management of one
brainy man. His name is George Washington Arm
strong, and to his executive business ability thousands
of travellers every
year are deeply in
debted. His rise
from the position of
newsboy to that
of the head of one of
the most respected
corporations in New
England is an inter
esting study. He
was born in Boston,
Aug. n, 1836, the
son of David and
Mahal a (Lovering)
Armstrong. His re
mote ancestors be
longed to one of the
renowned Scottish
lowland clans, which
was very numerous
on the borders of
England several cen
turies ago, and many
of whose members
subsequently found
homes in the United
States. The pro
genitor of the family
in this country, Char
ter Robert Arm
strong, was among
the early settlers of New Hampshire, being one of the orig
inal proprietors of Londonderry in 1722, and from him
George W. Armstrong is descended. He obtained his
education in the public schools of Boston, being one of
the pupils of the old Hawes Grammar School. At the
age of fourteen he began life for himself, with eighty-
three dollars which he received from his father's estate.
First he was a penny postman, having the whole of
South Boston for his district. Then he worked as office

GEORGE W.

boy for the South Boston Gazette and the Sunday News.
In 1852 he became newsboy on the Boston & Worces
ter (now the Boston & Albany) Railroad, remaining on
the road for nine years, and during the last year and a
half of this time being employed as baggage master,
sleeping-car conductor, brakeman and conductor on
regular trains. He then became manager of the news
business on the road, and in 1863 obtained a half
interest in the restaurant and news room in the Boston
& Albany station at
Boston. Since 1871
he has conducted
this business alone.
Purchasing a local
express in 1865, he
organized "Arm
strong's Transfer,"
which he has raised
to a business of im
portance and magni-
^^ tude. He added
passenger carriages
and introduced other
new features, includ
ing a system of
checking baggage
-y from one station to
another, for the ac
commodation of rail
way passengers. In
1882 the Armstrong
Transfer Company
was incorporated,
with Air. Armstrong
at its head. No just
claim against the
company for loss of
ARMSTRONG. property or delay in
delivery has ever
been the subject of
litigation. Mr. Armstrong also owns the news and din
ing-room business on the Boston & Albany and Eastern
Division of the Boston & Alaine and also on the Boston,
Revere Beach & Lynn Railroad, and the news busi
ness on the Fitchburg line. He is a director in the
Traders National Bank and in several railroad corpora
tions, and president of the Emergency Hospital. He has
been twice married, his second wife being the daughter
Dr.^Reuben Greene, of Boston. He has three children.

BOSTON.

BENJAMIN DEAN, who has for nearly fifty years
been in the active practice of his profession of the
law in Massachusetts and most of the time in Middlesex
and Suffolk counties, was born in Clitheroe, Lancashire,
England, Aug. 14, 1824. His parents, Benjamin and
Alice Dean, settled in Lowell, Mass., when young Ben
jamin was five years old. There he graduated from the
high school in 1840. He then entered Dartmouth Col
lege, but gave up his collegiate course at the end of the
fresh man year to
study law with Judge
Hopkinson. He was
admitted to the bar
in 1845 and practised
in Lowell until 1852,
when he became a
partner of Henry W.
Fuller, in Boston, and
succeeded to the
business on Mr. Ful
ler's death. He was
a member of the State
Senate in 1862, 1863
and 1869. He was
chairman of the Com
mittee on Prisons in
his first two terms
and served on other
important commit
tees during the excit
ing period of the war.
In 1869 he suc
ceeded Judge Francis
Dewey as chairman
of the Committee on
the Judiciary, was a
member of the Joint
Standing Committee
on the Library, and of
the Joint Standing
Committee on the License Law. He was a member of the
Boston Common Council in 1865, 1866, 1872 and 1873,
where he held each year the chairmanship of the Com
mittee on Ordinances. Mr. Dean represented the Third
District of Massachusetts in the Forty-fifth Congress.
He has been prominent in the Masonic Order since
1854, holding the offices of deputy for the State of Mas
sachusetts of the Supreme Council of the Ancient
Accepted Scottish Rite for the Northern Masonic Juris-

BENJAMIN DEAN

diction of the United States. He was grand commander
of the States of Massachusetts and Rhode Island from
1871 to 1873, and from 1880 to 1883 was grand master
of the Grand Encampment of the Knights Templars of
the United States of America, and is past grand warden
of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts. Mr. Dean has
been chairman of the park commissioners of Boston, a
director of the public institutions of the city, and of the
South Boston Railroad Company, president of the South
Boston Gas Light
Company, and a trus
tee of the South Bos
ton Savings Bank.
An expert yachtsman,
he was for some years
the commodore of
the Boston Yacht
Club, of which he
was one of the found
ers. Like his friend,
the late Augustus
Russ, he is fond of
the sea. He has for
many years been an
owner of the Outer
Brewster Island, and
lessee of the Great
Brewster, while Mr.
Russ owned the
Middle Brewster and
Green islands. They
had extensive plans
for great improve
ment of the islands,
much to the benefit
of the outer Boston
Bay. Mr. Dean mar
ried in Lowell, in
1848, Mary A.,
daughter of J. B.
French. The children of this union were six, four of
whom are living : Walter Loftus, Josiah Stevens, Clith
eroe (now Mrs. C. L. James), and Mary (now Mrs.
Walter Tufts). Benjamin Wheelock Dean, the eldest
son, died in 1892. Mr. Dean, with the other members
of the board, was instrumental in accomplishing much
for the development of the magnificent park system of
Boston during his term of office as chairman of the
Park Commission, from 1886 to 1880.

190

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

GEORGE H. CHICKERING, the only surviving
son of the late Jonas Chickering, is the possessor
of a name that has become famous in the annals of
music and the music industry in America. Mr. Chicker
ing was born in Boston on April 18, 1830, and attended
a private school, as did all the sons of Mr. Chickering.
The basis of his culture, universally admitted by all who
have the pleasure of his personal acquaintance, is the
education he received in this school, from which he at
once entered as an ap
prentice in the factory
of his father, located
at that time in the
then new structure
on Franklin Square,
on the site now oc
cupied by the New
England Conserva
tory of Music. Mr.
Chickering, who had
been working under
the personal gu i d -
ance of his renowned
father, was instructed
in the special art of
making and voicing
the hammers of
grand pianos. He
took a deep interest
in the general con
struction of pianos
and the science of
acoustics, and the
particular specialty
known as tone pro
duction, and had
advanced to such a
degree of practical
knowledge that
when, in 1855, his
father went to Europe, George H. Chickering had con
trol of his own department and a general supervision of
all factory matters. In fact, he became an integral part
of the institution, and has ever since his entry at the
factory been thoroughly identified with the Chickering
piano and its remarkable development, and the present
great fame of the house and of its instruments is due to
him more than to any other one man. Mr. Chickering
has made occasional trips to Europe, and is very fond

GEORGE H. CHICKERING

of travel. Most of his time on the occasions of his
five visits to the old countries has been occupied in the
famous museums and art galleries of those lands. Those
moments that can be spared from the actual operation
of the great Chickering factory are devoted by him to
his family, to musical affairs in Boston, with which he
has always been prominently associated, and to matters
of art, in which he is deeply interested. He is very
well and very widely known, and to all is an authority
on musical matters.
His greatest ambi
tion to-day is that
the Chickering piano
shall, if possible, be
brought to a higher
point than ever be
fore, and so perpetu
ate the record of the
house, and finish the
life-work of his fam
ily, that they may go
down to posterity,
not only as the
founders of the
American piano
forte industry, but as
the inventors and
practical introducers
of those wonderful
inventions in the
early days of piano
making, which made
all subsequent im
provements possible
and made the con
cert grand of to-day,
that triumph of
mechanical genius,
artistic skill, scien
tific research and
indomitable labor, an accomplished fact. Personally,
Mr. Chickering is a most modest and unassuming
gentleman, absolutely devoid of the unwholesome self-
infatuation so characteristic of the Jin de siecle vvith even
men of success and position. He is a very approach
able man, and if he will he can talk for hours in an
extremely interesting manner on all topics, whether
musical, artistic or otherwise. Mr. Chickering's resi
dence is at Readville, Mass.

BOSTON.

191

BOSTON has always held a high place in the cordage
industry of America. Ropewalks were estab
lished there in the early days of the colonies, and at
the outbreak of the Revolution there were many in and
around Boston. Even in comparatively recent years
they were numerous on the spot now occupied by the
Public Garden. Machinery, except of a very crude
kind, was unknown in those days, the preparation of
the fibre and the spinning being done by men, who,
after placing a proper
amount of the pre
pared fibre around
their waists, and
attaching a portion
of it to the revolving
whirl of a spinning-
wheel (turned by a
boy or girl), walked
backwards, spinning
the yarn as they
went. Modern ma
chinery has done
away with all that,
and N e w England
has not only kept
fully abreast vvith all
improvements in
methods, but has
generally led. Its
products are cele
brated the world over
on account of their
good manufacture,
and the unad u 1
terated fibre used.
The invention of the
self-binding har
vester gave a great
impetus to the cord
age business, the
only reliable binding twine being made of the harsh
fibres (Manila, Sisal and New Zealand). To bind the
small grain crop of the country, not far from fifty-five
thousand tons of binder twine are required, an average
of about two and one half pounds per acre. Charles H.
Pearson has been in the cordage business for over
twenty-five years, having held every position from that
of the boy learning in the mill to that of treasurer and
general manager of one of the State's largest cordage

CHARLES H. PEARSON

companies, of which he owned a majority of the stock.
Holding to the principle of sticking to one line of busi
ness, Mr. Pearson has always been a firm and enthusi
astic believer in the cordage industry, and is one of
Boston's most successful manufacturers and men of
affairs. While remaining in the one general field of
work, Mr. Pearson has had a varied experience with
cordage firms and corporations, not hesitating to shift
his services and capital to new cordage companies, or
consolidate with
others, when he saw
profit by so doing.
At present he occu
pies the most prom
inent position in the
cordage business in
New England, being
general manager of
the New England
department of the
National Cordage
Company. Mr. Pear
son's father, the late
Samuel Pearson, was,
at the time of his
death, the president
of the highly success
ful Pearson Cordage
Company, which is
now chiefly engaged
in the manufacture
of binding twine, and
is one of the largest
cordage companies
in the world ; and
Mr. Pearson's grand
father owned and
operated a ropewalk
in Portland, Me.
Always a great
worker and organizer, the heavy load of cares and re
sponsibilities never worries Mr. Pearson, as he has the
happy faculty of quitting work when he leaves the office.
He was born at Portland, Me., Jan. 7, 1849, was edu
cated in the public schools, and went immediately into
a cordage mill to learn the business. That he learned
it thoroughly is shown by his subsequent success. Mr.
Pearson was married in 1872, and with his wife and
family occupy their beautiful home in Brookline.

10-

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

THE Home Market Club has been made, largely
through the efforts of Colonel Albert Clarke, one
of the most effective means in the country for the dis
semination of protective principles. He was born in
Granville, Vt., Oct. 13, 1840. He is a twin, and his
mate, Almon, who closely resembles him, is a prominent
physician in Wisconsin. Both served in the Civil War,
Albert as private in the Thirteenth Vermont Infantry,
and his brother as assistant surgeon of the Tenth Ver
mont, and surgeon
of the First Vermont
Cavalry. Promoted
to first lieutenant,
Albert commanded
his company at Get
tysburg, and bore a
brave part in the ter
rific charges upon
the enemy's lines.
Resuming the prac
tice of law, which had
been interrupted by
the war, he was ap
pointed colonel on
Governor D i 1 1 i n g -
ham's staff, and for
four years was first
assistant clerk in the
Vermont House of
Representatives. In
1870 he purchased
the St. Albans Daily
Messenger, and for
ten years he opposed,
almost alone among
the Vermont press,
the power of the Ver
mont Central Rail
road in politics.
After a severe con
test, in which the whole strength of the railroad manage
ment was arrayed against him, he was elected to the
Vermont Senate, which he found almost wholly against
him on railroad questions ; but he made a speech in sup
port of his bill to limit the free-pass abuse, and in favor
of the right of a State to control railroads, which has since
been of service in other States in promoting the reform
that failed there. He was State commissioner to build
a house of correction at Rutland, a project which he

ALBERT CLARKE

had done more than any other man to promote. A
paper which he read before the National Prison Asso
ciation, of which he was a director, led to his being
chosen an honorary member of La Societe des Prisons
in France. In 1880 he came to Boston, and engaged
in railroad matters and journalism. He was president
of the Vermont & Canada Railroad when it was sold to
the Central Vermont. Being on the Daily Advertiser
staff when that paper bolted Mr. Blaine's nomination in
1884, but not bolting
personally, he r e -
signed, and after
serving as assistant
to the president of
the Boston & Lowell
Railroad, he took the
editorial and busi
ness management of
the Rutland (Vt.)
He r a Id, and ren-
d e r e d conspicuous
service in bringing
about the re-election
of Senator Edmunds.
In 1889 he returned
to Boston, where he
was soon sought and
elected secretary and
executive officer of
the Home Market
Club, and has been
unani m ously re
elected each year
since. He was a
member of the Re
publican National
Convention in 1892,
and a strong sup
porter of President
Harrison. Under
his management the Home Market Bulletin (monthly)
has been quintupled in size, and has attained a circula
tion that is among the largest of the economic journals
of the world. Colonel Clarke is a master of English
style and a keen logician. His articles, orations and
speeches have won for him a national reputation. He
lives at Wellesley Hills, and is president of the Welles
ley Club. In 1864 he married Miss Josephine Briggs,
who, with one daughter, constitutes his family.

BOSTON.

193

EDWARD ATKINSON, who has been for many
years identified in various ways with the public
life of Massachusetts, is a recognized authority on
economic questions. He was born at Brookline, Mass.,
Feb. 10, 1827. He received his education at private
schools, and was always an apt scholar. For over thirty
years he has been contributing to the economic and
political literature of America, dealing with a wide
range of subjects, and in all of them showing excep
tional knowledge and
ability. Mr. Atkin
son has delivered a
large number of
addresses before
representative men,
and has published
many important doc
uments. His first
pamphlet, entitled
" Cheap Cotton by
Free Labor," issued
in the first year of
the Civil War, 1861,
was then regarded
as a forecast of
utterly improbable,
if not impossible,
events; yet so
closely had the logic
of the case been
considered that
every prediction in
it has been more
than fulfilled. Some
of Mr. Atkinson's
most important
papers are : " Bank
ing," delivered be
fore the American
Bankers' Association
at Saratoga (1880) ; " Insufficiency of Economic Legis
lation," delivered before the American Social Science
Association; "What Makes the Rate of Wages?" be
fore the British Association for the Advancement of
Science ; " Address to the Chief of the Bureau of Labor
Statistics," at the Massachusetts convention in Boston
(1885) ; address given as chairman of the Economic
section on the " Application of Science to the Produc
tion and Consumption of Food," before the American

Association for the Advancement of Science (1885) ;
address on the " Prevention of Loss by Fire," before the
Millers of the West (1885) ; "The Influence of Boston
Capital upon Manufactures," in the " Memorial History
of Boston" (1882); "The Distribution of Products"
(1885); "The Industrial Progress of the Nation"
(1889); "The Science of Nutrition" (1892). A
series of monographs on economic subjects was begun
by Mr. Atkinson in 1886, and published periodically.
As an inventor, Mr.
Atkinson has been
very successful, the
"Aladdin oven," an
improved cooking
stove of exceptional
merit, having been
invented by him.
He has also devoted
a good deal of time
and study to the sub
ject of fire insurance,
and his ideas have
been remarkable for
their striking origi
nality. The Boston
Manufacturers' Mu
tual Fire Insurance
Company, which
consists of a n u m-
ber of manufacturers
associated for mutual
protection, has been
under his charge for
many years, and he
has been the leading
spirit in its affairs
yet longer. The
company has a far-
reaching influence
upon the business of
its members ; rules and regulations having been adopted
for the economical and judicious construction and man
agement of their plants. The plans and methods of
building, known as the system of " slow-burning con
struction, are now being adopted throughout the coun
try." Mr. Atkinson was one of the stanch abolitionists
before the war, and he therefore greatly values the
degree of LL. D., which the State University of South
Carolina conferred upon him,

EDWARD ATKINSON.

194

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

A BORN leader of men, Patrick A. Collins has cer
tainly contributed his share to keep the State of
his adoption well in the van of progressive, liberal and
intelligent life. His ability, both at the bar and in
public life, has attracted the attention of all classes of
citizens throughout the United States. A brilliant
debater, a forcible and eloquent speaker, gifted with a
thoroughly equipped and well-balanced mind, he stands
a conspicuous example of what a fine graft can be made
of Irish and Ameri
can stock. He exerts
probably a stronger
influence upon the
men of his race in
America than any
other living man, as
the part he took in
the campaign of 1884
amply demonstrated.
Not alone in America
is his influence felt,
for he has devoted
much of his time and
talents to the cause
of Ireland. His con
nection with the Fe
ll i an Brotherhood
from 1862 to 1870,
as secretary of the
Philadelphia conven-
tion and chairman
of a subsequent one,
and the distinction
of being the first
president of the Irish
National Land
League of Amer
ica, — all bespeak
his loyalty to his na
tive land. Parn e 11
repeatedly thanked him for assistance rendered to the
Irish cause, and at the League headquarters in Dublin
his picture hangs beside that of the dead leader. Mr.
Collins was born in Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland,
March 12, 1844, the year in which John Boyle O'Reilly
was born. He was the youngest of a large family, and
was only three years old when his father died. His
mother came to the United States in 184S and settled
in Chelsea, Mass., where he received a common school

PATRICK A. COLLINS

education. He met many vicissitudes in his early years,
first as errand boy in the office of a Boston lawyer, then
as clerk in a Chelsea store, then as coal miner in Ohio,
then working at the upholstery trade in Boston and
giving his leisure hours to study. Graduating with hon
ors from the Harvard Law School in 187 1, he was
admitted to the bar in that year, and has continued in
the practice of his profession ever since, with the inter
ruptions which public office has occasioned. He has
been a member of
both branches of the
Massachusetts Legis
lature, judge-advo
cate general of the
State, and member
of Congress for three
terms. He was on
the Judiciary Com-
m i 1 1 e e during his
whole service a t
Washington and was
prominently engaged
with many important
measures, including
the Bankruptcy Bill.
In 1888 he peremp
torily refused the use
of his name for fur-
t h e r congressional
honors. Air. Collins
was permanent chair
man of the National
Democratic Conven
tion, held at St. Louis
in 1888, and was
delegate to the Chi
cago convention in
1892, when his cele
brated speech, sec
onding the nomina
tion of Mr. Cleveland, was made. He was chairman of
the Massachusetts Democratic State Committee from
1884 till 1891. In the councils of his party Mr. Col
lins is regarded as a factor of weight and influence, and
his opinions are always accorded the most respectful
attention on account of their soundness and lucidity.
Mr. Collins was married in 1873 to M-'*> Alary E. Carey,
of Boston. They have three children, two daughters and
a son. Their home is at Mt. Ida, Dorchester.

BOSTON.

195

ALBERT AUGUSTUS POPE, the founder of the
bicycle industries in the United States, was born
in Boston, May 20, 1843. He traces his genealogy
through many well-known New England families. When
he was nine years of age his father met with business
reverses, and Albert began his life-work by riding
a horse to plow for a neighboring farmer in Brookline.
Three years later he commenced buying fruit and veg
etables and selling them to neighbors. He soon had
many customers, and
in one season made
a profit of one hun- 
dred dollars. Dur
ing this time he re
ceived a fair public
school education,
which was all the
training he ever had
from schools, though
by careful reading
and application he
has obtained an ex
ceptional fund of gen
eral knowledge. At •
the age of fifteen he
secured employment
in the Quincy Mar
ket, and later took a
position with a firm
dealing in shoe find
ings. At nineteen
years of age he joined
the volunteer forces
of the Union Army,
and went to the front
as second lieutenant
of the Thirty-fifth
Massachusetts I n -
fan try, Aug. 22, 1862.
His promotion to
first lieutenant, March 23, 1863, and to captain, April
1, 1864, are evidences of his ability and valor. He
served in the principal Virginia campaigns, was with
Burnside in Tennessee, with Grant at Vicksburg and
with Sherman at Jackson, Aliss. He commanded Fort
Hell before Petersburg, and in the last attack led his
regiment into the city. He was then but twenty-one
years of age. He was brevetted major " for gallant
conduct at the battle of Fredericksburg, Va.," and

ALBERT A. POPE.

lieutenant-colonel "for gallant conduct in the battles
of Knoxville, Poplar Springs Church and front of
Petersburg." After the war Colonel Pope went into
business for himself, in shoe manufacturers' supplies.
In 1877 he became enthusiastic over the bicycle, and
determined to go into its manufacture. This was done
under the name of the Pope Manufacturing Company,
a corporation for which he furnished the capital, and
of which he became,|and has since continued, the presi
dent and active man
ager. There was no
demand for wheels
at that time, and in
many places the
prejudice against
them was intense.
This opposition had
to be overcome and
a market created.
Colonel Pope exer
cised great diplo
macy in treating this
phase of the busi
ness. Through the
influence and en
couragement of the
Pope Manufactur
ing Company was
brought about the
production of Mr.
Pratt's book, "The
American Bicycler,"
and the founding of
the illustrated maga
zine, "The Wheel
man." The educa
tional process was
followed by the open
ing of the highways
and parks for the use
of wheelmen, the company expending thousands of
dollars in settling the park cases in New York, Chicago
and Philadelphia. The prosperous growth of this in
dustry bears a well-deserved tribute to Colonel Pope
as a business man and financier. He was the pioneer
in the great movement for highway improvement. He
married, Sept. 20, 187 1, Abbie, daughter of George and
Matilda (Smallwood) Linder, of Newton, Alass., and
they have four sons and one daughter.

196

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

AMID the rush of business activity and the roar of
commercial competition, it is pleasant to find a
man who is making the main work of his life the intelli
gent observation and the scientific study of nature. To
be entitled to a place of recognition as a naturalist
requires in a man not only a love of his work and an
intellectual capacity of high order, but perseverance,
patience, knowledge of the value of time, exceptional
powers of application, and strength for protracted labor.
That all these ele
ments of success in
his chosen field are
combined in Charles
B. Cory, of Boston,
naturalist and travel
ler, his written works
amply prove. In
ornithology, that
special branch of
zoology to which he
has devoted his re
searches, Mr. Cory's
published works of
recent years have
given him a world
wide reputation.
Among these works
(prepared in all parts
of the world during
his travels, but all
published by Estes
& Lauriat, of Boston)
are "The Birds of
the West Indies,"
" The Birds of Hayti
and San Domingo,"
" The Beautiful and
Curious Birds of the
World," "The Birds
of the Bahama

Islands," and " A Naturalist in the Magdalen Islands."
The universal recognition of Mr. Cory's worth is best
shown by the ever-growing list of scientific oiganizations
that claim his attention. He is curator of birds in the
Boston Society of Natural History, fellow of the Linnsean
and Zoological societies of London, member of the
American Ornithologists' Union, of the British Ornithol
ogists' Union, of the Societe Zodlogique de France,
honorary member of the California Academy of Sciences,

corresponding member of the New York Academy of
Sciences, and of the Chicago Academy of Sciences.
Mr. Cory was born in Boston, Jan. 31, 1857, and was
prepared for his vocation by a natural history course
in Harvard Scientific School in the years 1876, 1877,
and 1878. Inheriting a large property from his father,
he was enabled to prosecute his life work freely, but
devotion to science has not prevented him from fos
tering with successful care the material interests intrusted
to him. By successful
investments in real
estate in the West,
he has considerably
enhanced the value
of the possessions
left him, and besides
his natural history
work, Mr. Cory finds
time to devote to the
presidency of two
large corporations in
the West. His city
house is at No. 8
A r 1 i n gt o n Street,
Boston, his country
house is on Great
Island, near Hyan-
nis, Mass., which
island he owns en
tire, and he also
owns a winter home
in Florida. He was
for s e v e r al years
chairman of the Com
mittee on Hypnotism
in the American
Society for Psychical
Research. Mr. Cory
was married in 1883,
and has a son and
a daughter. Yet a young man, vvith a mind trained
for effort and stored vvith technical knowledge, with
physique robust, and opportunities unencumbered by
pecuniary worry, Mr. Cory has every right to hope for
even greater achievements in the realm of science in
the future. The course that he has mapped out for
himself, lying, as it does, through the rich fields of
natural history, he pursues with the happy candor of a
man who has found his natural vocation.

CHARLES B. CORY.

BOSTON.

197

HARVEY DEMING HADLOCK, jurist, who has
attained conspicuous success in his profession,
was born at Cranberry Isles, Me., Oct. 7, 1843, and is
the son of Mary Ann Stanwood and Edwin Hadlock.
Mr. Hadlock traces his American ancestry to Nathaniel
Hadlock, who was born at Charlestown, Mass., April 5,
1643, and whose father, Nathaniel, came from Wapping,
England, and purchased an estate in Charlestown in
1638, and in 1653 was one of the founders of the town
of Lancaster, Mass.
Mr. Hadlock re
ceived his early tu
ition from private
teachers and in the
schools of his native
town. To give their
son all the advan
tages within their
power, his parents,
when he was in his
thirteenth year, re
moved to Bucksport,
Me., where, at the
East Maine Confer
ence Seminary, and
under private in
structors, he pursued
an advanced course
o f classical study,
which he supple
mented with a par
tial scientific course
in Dartmouth Col
lege. At the age of
twenty-one he was
admitted to the bar,
at Bangor, Me., hav
ing mastered the
intricacies of law in
the office of Samuel
F. Humphrey. In 1865 he went to New Orleans, and
there pursued the study of civil and maritime law under
the direction of the late eminent jurist, Christian Ro-
selius. The next year he returned to Bucksport and
engaged in practice. In October, 1868, at Boston, he
was admitted an attorney and counsellor by the Su
preme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, and commenced
practice in this city. In the spring of 1869 he was
called to New York on business in the United States

Circuit Court, and while residing there was admitted to
practice in the State and Federal Courts. The next fall
he returned to Boston and resumed practice. To advo
cate the construction of a railroad from Bangor via
Bucksport to eastern points, in 187 1, he went to the
latter town, and when its construction was assured, re
sumed practice there until January, 1881. During his
residence in Bucksport he was engaged as counsel in
the most important cases tried in Maine, in which he
established his repu
tation as an eloquent
advocate and accom
plished jurist, and
earned for himself a
leading position
among the ablest
men at the bar of
Maine. His opin
ions during that pe
riod were frequently
sought, and pub
lished, on important
questions of corpora
tion and constitu
tional law. From
1881 to 1887 he
resided in Portland,
Ale., maintaining at
the Cumberland bar,
in cases which
involved important
questions of railroad,
corporation, patent
and maritime law, as
well as in homicide
and other criminal
cases, h i s leading
position previously
earned as a success
ful practitioner. In
1887 he returned to Boston, where he now resides. He
also has an office in the city of New York, but the
range of his practice extends beyond the limits of the
State and Federal Courts of New England and New
York, embracing cases in the courts of other States, and
in the Supreme Court of the United States. Mr.
Hadlock was married Jan. 26, 1865, to Miss Alexine
L. Goodell, of Searsport, Me., and has two children
living.

HARVEY D. HADLOCK

198

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

ALFRED DUPONT CHANDLER is one of the
prominent lawyers of Boston, where he was born
May 1 8, 1847, the son of Theophilus Parsons and Eliza
beth Julia (Schlatter) Chandler. In 1848 Air. Chandler
removed to Brookline, Mass., where he now resides.
He was educated at the public schools, was graduated
at Harvard University in 1868, and immediately com
menced the study of law with his father, then with
Abbot & Jones, later with Hon. Richard H. Dana, in
Boston, and then
with Porter, Lowrey
& Soren, in New
York City. He was
admitted to the bar
in Massachusetts,
Dec. 13, 1869, and
to the Supreme
Court of the United
States at Washing
ton, April 17, 1877.
He has practised
law steadily, having
had an office in the
Equitable Building,
Boston, for eighteen
years. His prefer
ence is for chamber
practice, and his
attention is given
mainly to corpora
tion law, private and
municipal, though he
has appeared in
many cases. Corpo
ration receivership
questions in the
United States courts,
and duties as treas
urer and counsel for
several corporations
have required most of his time in the last ten years.
He drafted the bill for national savings banks, known
as the Windom Bill, and offered by Mr. Windoni in
the United States Senate, March 1, 1880. His published
arguments before the Senate Finance Committee, at
Washington, May 4, 1880, on national savings banks,
and also before committees of the Alassachusetts Legis
lature on the annexation question (Brookline to Boston)
in 1880; also on creating a tribunal to decide that a

ALFRED D. CHANDLER.

public necessity for a railroad exists before property can
be taken for its construction, in 1882, resulting in
Chapter 265 of the Acts of 1882 ; also on nationalism
and the municipal control of public lighting, in 1889,
are leading contributions upon these subjects. His
chief arguments before the higher State courts have
been on questions of eminent domain and of constitu
tional law. While not a politician, Mr. Chandler has
given close study to matters of municipal administra
tion. As a resident
of Brookline he has
been one of its most
active and progres
sive citizens. H e
has been either the
prompter of, or had
an influential hand
in directing, the
largest public i m -
provements of late
years in that beauti
ful town. The con
st r u c t i o n of the
Riverdale Park be
tween Brookline and
Boston, which is to be
one of the finest pro
ductions of that type
on the continent, is
due mainly to Air.
Chandler's energy
and skill in sur
mounting legal and
practical difficulties.
He was three times
elected chairman of
the Selectmen, of the
Surveyors of High
ways, of the Board of
Health, and of the
Overseers of the Poor, in Brookline, and was a trustee
of the Brookline Public Library three years. He is a
member of the American Bar Association, the Boston
Bar Association, the University Club, and the Exchange
Club, of Boston. He has held no political office, but
in February, 1892, was elected president of the Brook
line Republican Club. Air. Chandler was married in
Brookline, Dec. 27, 1S82, to Mary Merrill Poor, and
has four children.

BOSTON.

199

WILLIAM McKINLEY OSBORNE, member of
the Board of Police for the city of Boston, is
identified with the attempt, on the part of the Massachu
setts Legislature, to make the police of the capital of the
State independent of partisan municipal politics, and
thereby to increase its general efficiency. The theory
of the law creating this board was to make a thoroughly
non-partisan organization. The members of the com
mission — three in number — are appointed by the gov-
ernor, with the
consent of his Coun
cil, from the two
great political par
ties. It was argued
that the board, thus
appointed and re
sponsible to the
executive depart- y^.
ment of the State,
would not be ham
pered by questions
of local policy, and
also that a better
class of men would be
likely to be chosen.
In so far as this
change has tended to
take the police out
of the local politics,
it has perhaps met
the expectations of
its projectors, and
along the lines of
general police work
the change was for
the better govern
ment of the force,
for the officers can
do their duty with
out fear or favor. In
other respects, however, the value of the change is a de
batable party question. Mr. Osborne has been a member
of the board ever since its organization, and has filled
his position with singular ability. He was born in Gir-
ard, Trumbull County, Ohio, April 26, 1842. His early
education was obtained at the academy at Poland, Ohio,
and at the Allegheny College, Meadville, Penn. He
enlisted, at the breaking out of the war, in the Twenty-
third Regiment, Ohio Volunteers, the first three years'

WILLIAM M. OSBORNE

regiment formed in the State. He did not serve out
his term, being discharged because of injuries received.
In the fall of 1862 he entered the law office of Sutliff,
Tuttle & StuU, at Warren, Ohio, where he studied for a
year. He then took a course at the law school of the
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. In 1869 he began
the practice of law at Youngstown, Ohio, and was held in
such esteem by his fellow-citizens that he was twice
elected mayor, 1874-75. In 1880 he took up his resi
dence in Boston, and
a little later entered
politics. He was
quickly successful,
and in 1884-85 rep
resented Ward 21 in
the Boston Common
Council. In 1885
Governor Robinson,
recognizing his fine
, \ executive ability, ap
pointed him a mem
ber of the new Board
of Police for the city
of Boston, just cre
ated by act of Legis
lature. He was re
appointed by Gov
ernor Ames in 1888.
His term will expire
in May, 1893. Mr.
Osborne is a cousin
of William McKin-
ley, father of the fa
mous tariff law, and
present governor of
Ohio. His boyhood
days were passed in
close intimacy with
his now distinguished
cousin, and the
friendship then formed has continued. When Mr. Mc
kinley visits Boston, he always makes Air. Osborne's
handsome residence in Roxbury his headquarters.
Commissioner Osborne is very fond of travel, and has
varied and enlarged his experience by a sojourn in
Europe of several years. Air. Osborne was married in
Boston, April 24, 1878, to Frances Clara, adopted daugh
ter of Walter Hastings. Of this union five children
were born, four girls and a boy.

200

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

IN Oliver M. Wentworth, president of the Massachusetts
Charitable Mechanic Association, is found another
instance where energy and brains have won for a poor
country lad, who came to the city, an enviable position
in the business and social world. He has scaled the
heights of fortune unaided by aught save his own sturdy
courage and native ability, which, supplemented by a
wonderful capacity for work, has enabled him to main
tain a steady advance, where others have faltered and
many have failed.
Mr. Wentworth is
very active, and, as
president of the Ale-
chanic Association,
he is an indefatigable
worker. His honors
have come to him
unsought, for he has
been too busy a man
to seek them. H e
was born in Kenne-
bunk, Me., June 25,
1833, and the early
years of his life were
spent on the farm. It
was here, probably,
that he formed those
habits of industry
and prudence which
were prime factors
in his subsequent
success. His educa
tion was such as
could be obtained in
a country town, but
having a studious and
inquiring mind, he
was enabled to make
good use of his lim
ited scholastic oppor
tunities ; better, in fact, than many who have had greater
advantages. At the age of seventeen, he came to Bos
ton and took up the marble trade with a firm in Haver
hill Street. Three years later, when but twenty years
old, he began business on his own account at No. 81
Haverhill Street. His start was an extremely modest
one. In fact, Mr. Wentworth has confided to his friends
that it was made without a dollar of capital. But hard
work and perseverance triumphed, and his business

OLIVER M. WENTWORTH

steadily developed, necessitating periodical enlargements
of quarters and resulting, in 1869, in the purchase of
the property, corner of Haverhill, Travers and Beverly
streets, where he erected a fine five-story building, one
hundred forty feet in length, and forty-eight feet in
width, and the first floor of which he himself occupies.
In recent years, Mr. Wentworth has confined his marble
and granite business to monumental and tablet work.
Since 1869, Mr. Wentworth has engaged in many outside
enterprises, the prin
cipal of which has
been building. He
has erected many
fine structures,
among them being
apartment houses,
notably the "Went
worth," "Lemburg,"
" Marburg," " Stras-
burg," "Heidelburg"
and the " Luxem
burg." He has also
erected buildings in
Aledford, Cambridge
and other of Boston's
suburbs. Although
immersed in the busy
activity of commer
cial life, Mr. Went
worth has yet found
time to interest him
self to a considerable
extent i n religious
and charitable work.
He has been presi
dent of many charita
ble and religious so
cieties, and for the
past fourteen years
has officiated as su
perintendent of the Warren Avenue Baptist Sabbath
School. He was at one time assistant superintendent at
Tremont Temple. Mr. Wentworth has been a member
of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association
for twelve years, on the Executive Committee, was vice-
president three years, and has been president two years.
Mr. Wentworth's busy and successful life is a shining
illustration of what can be accomplished by steady,
resistless effort and untiring industry.

BOSTON.

201

JOHN SHEPARD, one of the most enterprising of
Boston's business men, and head of the dry goods
firm of Shepard, NorweU & Co., was born at Canton,
Mass., March 20, 1834. Educated in the public schools
of Pawtucket, R. I., and at evening schools in Boston,
Mr. Shepard showed business ability at an early age,
which became more apparent as he gained experience,
and opportunities presented themselves. His life has
been one of great achievement, of success where others
failed, and the many
organizations and
companies with
which he has been
connected from time
to time have all prof
ited by his ability.
In 1845 he was a
clerk in the drug
store of J. W. Snow,
Boston, and two
years later entered
the dry goods estab-
1 i s h m e n t of J. A.
Jones. He soon
mastered all the de
tails of the business,
and in 1853 opened
a store of his own,
under the name of
John Shepard & Co.
A keen business man,
he was successful
from the start, and
in 1 86 1 bought out
Bell, Thing & Co.,
of Tremont Row,
which iie continued
until 1865, under the
name of Farley &
Shepard. When the
first store was opened on Winter Street, Mr. Shepard
saw that that was soon to become one of the principal
business thoroughfares, and he decided to make a
change. He chose as his associates, Henry NorweU,
at one time in the service of Hogg, Brown & Taylor,
and T. C. Brown, salesman for Jordan, Marsh &
Co., and in January, 1865, they opened the store on
Winter Street under the name of Shepard, NorweU &
Co. Mr. Brown retired from the firm soon after, and

JOHN SHEPARD.

Robert Ferguson, of A. T. Stewart & Co., of New York,
took his place. Mr. Shepard is a director of the Lin
coln Bank, and was one of the original projectors of
the Connecticut River Paper Company, and president
of the Bernstein Electric Company. Mr. Shepard is an
ardent lover of fast horses, and has owned a number
that have become record breakers all over the world.
In the sixties, his physician having recommended driv
ing as a recreation, he first became interested in horses.
He bought the best
that money could
buy, and his Old
Trot was well known
to horsemen. H e
sold Aldine to W.
H. Vanderbilt for
fifteen thousand dol
lars, when as a mate
to Maud S. the team
made a mile in 2. 15 J,
He also owned Dick
Swiveller, which he
sold to Frank Worth
for twelve thousand
dollars. His Mill
Boy and Blondine
became famous in
1 88 1, by making a
mile in 2.22, at that
time the fastest team
record in the world.
In January, 1856,
Mr. Shepard married
Susan A., daughter
of Perkins H. and
Charlotte B a g 1 e y.
They had two chil
dren, John Shepard,
Jr., and Jessie Wat
son (now Mrs. Wil
liam G. Titcomb). Mr. Shepard resides on Beacon
Street and has a beautiful summer residence, " Edge-
water," at Phillips Beach, Swampscott. His present wife
is Mary J., daughter of H. A. and Mary I. (Titcomb)
Ingraham, of Newburyport. Mr. Shepard is a member of
the Boston Merchants' Association, and for many years has
been active and prominent in various other organizations
of business men. He is also interested in numerous
enterprises besides the great one of which he is the head.

ia •¦ ¦

202

MASSACHUSETTS Oh TO-DAY.

HENRY HARRISON SPRAGUE, son of George
and Nancy (Knight) Sprague, was born in Athol,
Mass., Aug. i, 1841. After fitting for college in public
and private schools he entered Harvard College, and
was graduated in the class of 1864. After private
teaching in 1865, he entered the Harvard Law School,
at the same time being a proctor of the college. In
1890 he was elected a member of the board of overseers
for six years. In 1866 he entered the law office of
Henry W. Paine |and
Robert D. Smith, in
Boston, and in 1868
was admitted to the
Suffolk bar, and
began the practice of
law in Boston, where
he has since prac
tised and resided.
He served in the
Boston Common
Council in 1874,
1875, and 1876.
Since 1875, with the
exception of about
a year, he has been
a trustee of the City
Hospital, and secre-
t a r y of the board
since 1878. He was
a member of the
Massachusetts House
of Representatives in
1881,1882, and 1883,
and a member of the
Senate in 1888, 1889,
1890, and 1 89 1. In
both branches he
served upon the lead
ing committees. In
1888, as chairman of
the committee on election laws, he drafted and intro
duced the new ballot act. In 1890 and 1891 he was
president of the Senate. He has been recently ap
pointed chairman of the commission to revise the State
election laws. He was in 1884 a member of the execu
tive committee of the Municipal Reform Association,
and its senior counsel to secure legislative amendments
to the charter of Boston, by which the executive author
ity of the city was concentrated in the mayor. In 1867

HENRY H. SPRAGUE

he was active in re-establishing the Boston Young Men's
Christian Union, and has since been a member of the
board of government, its secretary from 1867 to 1879,
and subsequently vice-president. In 1880 he as
sisted in organizing the Boston Civil Service Reform
Association, the first or one of the first organizations
effected in this country to advocate that reform, and
was on the executive committee until 1889, when he
was elected president, which office he still holds. He
has been since 1879
one of the trustees
of the Boston Lying-
in Hospital, and re
cently one of the
executive commit
tee ; secretary, since
1883, of the Massa
chusetts Charitable
Fire Society ; i s a
member of the New
England H i st o r i c
Genealogical Society,
the Bostonian Soci
ety, the Bar Associa
tion, the Harvard Law
School Association,
the general commit
tee of the Citizens'
Association of Bos
ton ; and has been a
manager of the
Gvvynne Home, and
one of the " Com
mittee of Fifty "of
the Museum for Fine
Arts. He is a trus
tee and treasurer of
the Women's Educa
tional and Industrial
Union, and is a mem
ber of various social organizations. In 1884 he pub
lished " "Women Under the Law of Alassachusetts ;
Their Rights, Privileges, and Disabilities"; in 1890, a
pamphlet, entitled " City Government in Boston; Its
Rise and Development," and he has recently compiled
for its one hundredth anniversary an historical sketch
of the Alassachusetts Historical Fire Society. On the
problems of municipal government, Mr. Sprague is con
sidered one of the leading authorities in Massachusetts.

BOSTON.

203

'I

JAMES J. GRACE easily takes a foremost place
among Boston's progressive business men. To
his enterprise the city is indebted for many of her
most substantial and beautiful buildings, notably the
elegant "Grace Building," which is such an ornament to
southern Washington Street, and that splendid specimen
of Moorish architecture, the Columbia Theatre, which is
not only among the most beautiful but is also one of the
best appointed and equipped among American play
houses. In the erec
tion of the Columbia
a remarkable feat in
b u i ld i n g was per
formed. The work
was begun March 14,
1 89 1, and in less
than seven months
the whole building
was completed and
ready for the first per
formance. This was
given Oct. 5, 1891,
when the theatre was
opened with " Men
and Women." Since
then only high-class
drama has -held the
boards. In decora
tions and finish the
Columbia is entirely
original, among
the advantages of
its arrangements
being the fact that
there is not a seat in
the house that does
not command a view
of the whole stage.
The balconies are
built on Boucicault's
principle of " striking a straight line from the top row in
each balcony to a point on the stage in front of the foot
lights, and you have a perfect point of vision for every
body." The impression received upon entering the
auditorium is that of being in the courtyard of a Moor
ish palace, and looking into the great entrance to the
palace, formed by the proscenium arch, the windows
being represented by the boxes and loges on either
hand. The general effect of the decoration is that of

*

JAMES J. GRACE

old ivory. Loges, seating from sixteen to twenty per
sons, and so arranged that every one can see equally
well, take the place of the conventional box on the
balcony level. Of the two magnificent drop curtains,
one representing the "Ruins of Alhambra," and the
other the " Surrender of Granada," the former was sug
gested by Mr. Grace's son Pierce. Under the manage
ment of Messrs. Rich, Harris & Frohman the prosperity
of this house has been phenomenal. Mr. Grace is one
of Boston's heaviest
real estate owners.
He was born at St.
John's, Newfound
land, June 1, 1839.
He comes of titled
Irish stock, whose
home for centuries
was at Callan, Kil
kenny, and among
his ancestors were
the famous Earls of
Ormand. Mr. Grace
obtained his educa
tion in the schools of
St. John's, and at the
age of twenty-six he
came to Boston,
where he entered
upon a mercantile
career. In 1867 he
started in the mil
linery business for
himself, in Washing-
ton Street, and
remained there until
his store was burned
down. He then
opened another mil
linery store on Tem
ple Place, where he
was one of the mercantile pioneers. He is a direct
importer of the finest millinery goods from the most
celebrated houses in London and Paris, and now main
tains two extensive establishments, "La Mode," at No.
26 Temple Place, and "The Bouquet," at No. 134. Tre
mont Street, employing seventy-five skilled assistants.
He is a prominent and active member of the Catholic
Union, and a life member of the Young Men's Catholic
Association of Boston.

204

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

CHARLES G. FALL, son of Gershom L. and Rowena
P. (Moody) Fall, was born in Maiden, Mass.,
June 22, 1845. His early education was received at
Hathaway's School, in Aledford ; he was fitted for col
lege at Phillips (Exeter) Academy ; and was graduated
at Harvard College in the class of 1868. He early
developed a taste for public speaking, and while at
school won several medals, and several prizes while in
college. He studied law in Boston with Judge William
A. Richardson, was
admitted to the Suf
folk bar in July, 1869,
and practised law in
St. Louis, Mo., for a
year. Returning to
Boston in 1870, he
took an office there
(meanwhile attend
ing the Harvard Law
School and gradu
ating in the class of
187 1), and for many
years has had a large
and lucrative prac
tice. Soon after
leaving college he
became interested in
public matters, and,
though never a can
didate for public
office, he was, in sev
eral State and presi
dential elections, an
earnest worker and
an effective cam
paign speaker. In
politics he has always
been Republican.
During his earlier
years at the bar he
was also interested in philanthropic measures, and strove
to ameliorate the condition of the insane by improving
the condition of hospitals and by legislation to prevent
their unjust imprisonment. He also sought to better
the condition of the working classes by shorter hours of
labor, higher wages, greater freedom of contract and
better security for life and limb. His efforts in this
direction have been untiring, well directed and fruitful.
To avoid the strikes and lockouts, which for a quarter of

I

CHARLES G. FALL.

a century had been the method of warfare used by
employers and employees, at the request of all the
State organizations of labor, he drew and advocated the
act creating (in 1886) the State Board of Arbitration and
Conciliation, which has proved such an effective remedy.
For many years he advocated, by writing and speaking,
especially before legislative and political committees,
measures to make the lives of workmen, particularly
railroad employees, more secure ; and in 1883 he wrote,
for the Labor Bureau,
the report on em
ployers' liability for
personal injury to
their employees,
containing an anal
ysis of the existing
law, its injustice, the
objections to the
legal rule compelling
workmen to assume
the risks of their
employment, and a
discussion of the rea
sons for and against
its change. He is
the father of the
Employers' Liability
/ Act of 1887. As an
_j^, outspoken advocate
of the rights of labor,
Mr. Fall stands pre
eminent, and his ser
vices have been all
the more valuable,
inasmuch as his ar
guments, while em
phasizing the duty of
employer to em
ployed, were directed
towards a mutual
recognition of that to which each class was entitled.
He has likewise published two volumes of poetry, one
entitled " Dreams " (1883), and another called "A Vil
lage Sketch" (1886). Both volumes were favorably
received by the critics and by the public. In 1887
he married Emily B. Fabian. They have one son. Mr.
Fall's residence is in Boston, and he is a member of the
Boston Bar Association, the Algonquin, Exchange and
other social clubs.

• i 1

BOSTON.

205

IN the long line of brilliant men of Irish birth and
American adoption who have enriched our litera
ture and helped to elevate the standard of public life,
James Jeffrey Roche, the scholarly poet of Boston, who
guides the literary destinies of the Pilot, merits place.
To step into the position made vacant by the too early
demise of the patriotic and gifted John Boyle O'Reilly,
was an undertaking which was modestly assumed by
Mr. Roche, but the sequel has shown that though taken
with trepidation,
there has been no
occasion to regret a
step that has been
gratifying alike to
all concerned. Mr.
Roche is one of the
rising literary men
of America. He is
a forceful writer, an
able speaker, and
his sunny tempera
ment makes friends
of all who come
within range of his
magnetic personality.
His talents are fre
quently levied upon
on public occasions,
where his eloquence
and resource invaria
bly prove attractive
and interesting.
James Jeffrey Roche
was born at Mount-
m e 1 1 i c k , Queen's
County, Ireland,
May 31, 1847. His
parents emigrated
in the same year
to Prince Edward
Island, where he was educated, first by his father,
Edward Roche, an accomplished scholar, and after
wards at St. Dunstan's College, Charlottetown. Among
his classmates at the latter institution were the present
Chief Justice Sullivan, of Prince Edward Island, and
Archbishop O'Brien, of Halifax, N. S. After leaving
college Mr. Roche came to the United States in May,
1866, and engaged in commercial pursuits for seven
teen years ; at the same time he dabbled in literature,

JAMES JEFFREY ROCHE

writing for various newspapers and magazines, notably
the Boston Pilot. In June, 1883, he was offered by his
friend, John Boyle O'Reilly, the position of assistant
editor on the Pilot, which he accepted, and held until
the death of his chief, in August, 1890, when he became
the principal editor. In 1884 he was elected secretary
of the famous Papyrus Club of Boston, holding the
office for five consecutive years, and being chosen presi
dent of the club in 1890. His published works are a
volume of poems,
" Songs and Satires "
(Ticknor & Co.,
1886); "Life of
John Boyle O'Reilly"
(Cassell & Co.,
1890) ; "Story of the
Filibusters" (T.
Fisher Unwin, Lon
don, and Macmillan
& Co., New York,
1 891). The Univer
sity of Notre Dame,
Indiana, conferred
the degree of LL. D.
on him last year. He
is a brother of the
late John Roche, pay
clerk in the United
States Navy, who
perished heroically
in the Samoan dis
aster of March, 1889.
Mr. Roche was the
poet of the occasion
on the unveiling of
the "high-water
mark monument " at
the national dedica
tion on the field of
Gettysburg, June 2,
1892, on which occasion his effort was worthy of the
high theme that inspired him. In the poetry of patriot
ism and humanity he exhibits his highest development.
Mr. Roche was also the poet on the occasion of the
celebration of the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary
of the founding of Woburn, Mass., on October 6, 1892.
His poem in commemoration of this notable event was
remarkably fine and vigorous, and takes rank with the
best productions, of this character, in American literature.

206

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

LEVERETT SALTONSTALL comes of a family
which has been identified with the affairs of this
country since 1630, and whose members have all been
remarkable for the tenacity with which they have held
to their opinions, even when in the minority and often
in personal danger. Sir Richard Saltonstall, of Hunt-
wick, knight, lord of the manor of Leadsham, near
Leeds, first-named associate under the Massachusetts
charter, came to this country in 1630 in the "Arabella"
with Governor Win
throp, and began the
settlement of Water-
town. He was an
original patentee of
Connecticut. His
son Richard, who
came here with him,
settled in Ipswich in
1635. Richard Sal
tonstall was a man
of great strength of
character, and when
Winthrop and others
proposed to establish
an executive council,
with hereditary rights,
he opposed the idea
so strongly that it
was given up, al
though, had such a
council been estab
lished, Saltonstall
would have been one
of the men to receive
the greatest advan
tages from it. Na
thaniel, son of Rich
ard, appointed one
of the judges in 1692
to try the witches, left
the court and courageously refused to have anything to
do with the business. Mr. SaltonstaU was born in Salem,
Mass., March 16, 1825. His father, Leverett Saltonstall,
was an eminent advocate of Salem, speaker of the ITouse
of Representatives, president of the State Senate, and
a member of Congress, respected and beloved for his
great qualities of mind and heart. Air. Saltonstall pre
pared for matriculation at the Salem Latin School, then
entered Harvard, and graduated in 1844. He studied

LEVERETT SALTONSTALL

at the Harvard Law School, graduated in 1847 with the
degrees of A. M. and LL. B., was admitted to the
Suffolk bar, and practised until 1862. Mr. Saltonstall
is a man of wide culture, and has been many times
asked to assume positions of trust, which, although
requiring much labor and time, have been mostly of
a gratuitous nature. When Mr. Cleveland was elected
President in 1884 he appointed Mr. Saltonstall collector
of the port of Boston, which position he held until
February, 1890. A
member of the Board
of Overseers of Har
vard College from
1876 to 1888, Mr-
Saltonstall was
elected to fill another
term in 1889. He
is an active member
of the Massachusetts
Historical Society,
and also of the New
England Historic
Genealogical Society
and the Bostonian
Society. He is a
member of the Board
of Trustees of the old
Massachusetts Soci
ety for Promoting
Agriculture, and is
identified with a num
ber of associations of
a like character. He
was for two years
president of the Uni
tarian Club. In 1854
Air. Saltonstall was
appointed to the staff
of Governor Emery
Washburn, receiving
the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and in 1876 he was a
commissioner from Alassachusetts to the Centennial
Exposition at Philadelphia. Air. Saltonstall was married
at Salem to Rose S., daughter of John Clark and
Flarriet Lee. They had six children : Leverett
(died, 1863), Richard Afiddlecott, Rose Lee (Mrs.
Dr. George West, deceased), Philip Leverett, Mary
E. (Mrs. Louis A. Shaw) and Endicott Peabody Sal
tonstall.

BOSTON.

207

IDENTIFIED for nearly half a century with the pub
lic life of New England, the veteran lawyer and
statesman, Ambrose A. Ranney, has made a career that
in its every phase and detail has been beyond danger
of assailment. Only a summary of it is possible here.
Ambrose Atwood Ranney, son of Waitstill R. and
Phoebe (Atwood) Ranney, was born in Townshend,
Windham County, Vt., April 16, 182 1. He prepared
for college at the Townshend Academy, and was gradu
ated from Dartmouth
College in the class
of 1844. His life
was spent on the
home farm until he
was nineteen years
of age. His father
was the leading phy
sician of his native
place, and was for
two years lieutenant-
governor of Vermont.
After graduation he
studied law with
Hon. Andrew Tracy,
in Woodstock, Vt.,
and was admitted to
the bar in Vermont
in 1847. He imme
diately removed to
Boston, and was ad
mitted to the Suffolk
bar in June, 1848.
Air. Ranney was
married Dec. 4,
1850, to Maria D.,
daughter of Addison
and Maria (Ingals)
Fletcher. Of this
union were four chil
dren : Fletcher Ran
ney, Maria F., Helen M. and Alice Ranney (now Mrs.
Thomas Allen). Mr. Ranney was city solicitor for
Boston in 1855 and 1856 ; member of the House of
Representatives in 1857, 1863 and 1864; elected to
Congress in 1880, as a Republican from the third con
gressional district ; was twice re-elected, serving through
the Forty-seventh, Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth con
gresses. He joined the Republican party at its organi
zation, and has ever since remained an active worker in

its ranks. He served two terms in Congress on the
Committee on Elections, investigating frauds and ren
dering valuable service in the interest of fair elections
and the integrity of the ballot-box, dealing, as has been
his wont at the bar, heavy blows in his condemnation of
frauds and infringements of the rights of citizens.
During the last term he was a member of the Judiciary
Committee, and was appointed at the head of a special
committee on the Republican side of the House to
investigate the fa
mous Pan-Electric
scheme, involving
the reputation and
conduct of high gov
ernmental officials
and exciting great
public interest. His
services on this com
mittee are a matter
of honorable record.
His absorbing aim
and ambition was,
however, in the pro
fession of the law.
In this, before enter
ing Congress, he had
achieved eminent
success. He had
been only a few
years at the bar when
the office of city
solicitor was con
ferred upon him, and
his duties therein
were discharged with
entire satisfaction to
all. He had little
taste for politics, and
political honors have
at all times been
thrust upon him, rather than sought for. But during
his legislative service, both State and national, he won
the respect and esteem of all parties, and impressed the
public generally by his manly bearing, his fidelity to
duty, and his ability as a lawyer and legislator. While
his return to private life and his chosen profession has
been more congenial to him, his loss to the public ser
vice was the cause of deep regret among all who know
him and appreciate his merits.

AMBROSE A. RANNEY.

208

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

OWEN A. GALVIN, lawyer, is well known in profes
sional and political circles in Boston, where he
was born on June 21, 1852, being the son of Patrick and
Mary (Hughes) Galvin. His early education was
gained in the public schools of his native city, and
deciding to take up the legal profession after his gradu
ation from the public schools, he entered the office of
Hon. Charles F. Donnelly, and then the Boston Univer
sity Law School, and was graduated in 1876. He was
admitted to the bar
Feb. 29 of that year,
and began the prac
tice of law in Boston
in 1881, having in
the meantime a c -
quired in the office
of Air. Donnelly a
varied experience in
the intricacies of civil
law and its applica
tion to complex
cases. His interest
in politics developed
early, and he has
been a counsellor in
the Democratic party
since the seventies.
In 1879 he was made
a member of the
Democratic City
Committee, and was
re-elected in 1880,
1881 and 1882. In
the two latter years
he served as vice-
president of that
body, and has been
a member several
times since. In 1881
he was elected to the
lower branch of the General Court, where in that term
he served on the committees on education and consti
tutional amendments. After this one term in the House
his constituents sent him, in 1882, to the State Senate,
and in 1883 and 1884 he was handsomely re-elected.
In 1884 he received the entire vote of the Democratic
members for the position of president of the Senate.
The important committees upon which he served in the
Senate were those on liquor law, labor, education, judi-

OWEN A. GALVIN

ciary and election laws. He also served on a special
committee appointed to visit penal and charitable insti
tutions, and on the report of this committee the reform
atory prison at Concord and the Homoeopathic Hospital
for the Insane were established. By Hon. George M.
Stearns, in July, 1886, he was appointed assistant United
States district attorney, and when, in September, 1887,
Mr. Stearns resigned the office, Mr. Galvin was appointed
to succeed him, the appointment made during recess
being afterwards con
firmed by the Senate.
In this position Mr.
Galvin was eminently
successful, conduct
ing the affairs of the
office with discretion
and ability. He re
signed his office in
October, 1889, the
resignation not being
accepted until May,
1890. In the Boston
Democratic mayor
alty convention of
1889 Mr. Galvin was
nominated for the
office of mayor, but
was defeated at the
polls by Thomas N.
Hart. In 1891 he
was appointed b y
Governor William E.
Russell to the Charles
River Improvement
Commission, and his
associates on that
board honored him
bv making him their
chairman. Mr. Gal
vin is prominently
identified with the Alassachusetts Catholic Order of
Foresters, and in 1882-83 was high chief ranger for
Massachusetts. He was re-elected in 1891 and 1892.
In the latter year Air. Galvin was a prominent candidate
for mayor before the Democratic convention which nomi
nated Nathan Alatthews, Jr. Mr. Galvin was married in
Boston, July 3, 1879, to Jennie T., daughter of Timothy
K. and Ellen (O'Driscoll) Sullivan. Their children are :
Stephen P., Augustus H. and Frederick S. Galvin.

BOSTON.

209

THE largest playhouse in Boston, and for many years
the largest in the country, is the Boston Theatre,
whose business agent is Henry A. M'Glenen. For more
than forty years Bostonians have known him only as
" Harry M'Glenen," a name that is familiar to every
play-goer and to every business man in the city. His
circle of acquaintance is large, embracing most of the
prominent and not a few of the humblest citizens of
the city and of New England, and yet comparatively
few know much of
his interesting his
tory, so quietly, so
unostentatiously, and
so modestly has he
pursued his chosen
pathway in life. Mr.
M'Glenen was born
in Baltimore, Md.,
Nov. 28, 1826. He
attended the public
schools, and at the
age of twelve years
entered a printing-
office in his native
city, and served an
apprenticeship a s a
compositor. He was
afterward a student
in St. Mary's College,
Baltimore, where he
worked in the print
ing-office established
by the faculty. I n
1845, without pre
meditation, and with
no definite object in
view, he started for
Boston, and landed
here with scanty bag
gage and a cash capi
tal of six cents. He obtained, in the composing-room
of the Daily Advertiser, a regular situation, which he re
signed in 1846, to enlist in the Mexican War. While in
Matamoras, Mr. M'Glenen worked on the American
Flag, a semi-weekly newspaper published to enliven the
tedium of camp life. Returning to Boston in 1848, he
became, in 1850, a reporter on the Boston Herald. He
then went to the Daily Mail, and after a year or two in
other offices he took charge of the Times job office. He

HENRY A. M'GLENEN

managed the business of Dan Rice's circus in Boston so
successfully that it brought him much work from others.
For two seasons he had charge of the business of the
Marsh children at the Howard Athenaeum, after which
he was connected with several companies. In 1857 he
was presented with a handsome souvenir for the manner
in which he managed a concert given by the band of
the National Guard of New York, which was here on a
visit. About this time the people's promenade con
certs, given at Music
Hall, were very
popular, and Mr.
M'Glenen was inter
ested in them with
Patrick S. Gilmore.
When Wyz e man
Marshall had leases
of the Howard Athe
naeum and the Bos-
t o n Theatre, M r .
M'Glenen looked
after h i s interests,
and later he did
much work for Mr.
Jarrett, who had the
Boston. In 1866
Mr. M'Glenen gave
up the printing busi
ness and took charge
of the concert tour
of Parepa Rosa. In
1867 he took the
Mendelssohn Quin
tette Club on a West
ern tour, and in 1868
became business
manager of Selwyn's
Theatre, afterwards
the Globe. In the
the great Peace Jubi
lee of 1869 he had a leading part in the arrangements,
and its success was in no small degree due to his efforts.
In 1 87 1 he became business agent of the Boston Thea
tre, the position which he still holds. He has had more
benefits than almost any other man in the dramatic
business, and every one of them has been a great musical
or dramatic and social event of the year in which it has
occurred. Air. M'Glenen was married in 1849 to Aliss
Caroline M. Bruce, of Boston. They have two sons.

2id

Massachusetts oP to-Day.

FREDERICK AUGUSTUS GILBERT is one of
the best-known and most successful managers
of electric-lighting enterprises in the country. Early
recognizing the future value and importance of electric
lighting as a legitimate commercial industry, he has
become largely interested in the ownership and identi
fied with the management of successful companies in
New Haven and Bridgeport, Conn., Newport, R. I.,
Boston, Mass., and Portland, Me. He was born in
Hamden, Conn.,
April 29, 1847. He
lived on his father's
farm until he was
eleven years of age,
when, with his fath
er's family, he re-
moved to N e w
Haven. He at
tended its common
schools until he was
fourteen years old,
and then began his
business career as a
clerk in a local store.
When nineteen years
of age he had suc
ceeded in saving out
of his small salary a
sufficient amount to
enable him to go
to the oil regions of
Pennsylvania, and
engage in specula
tion in the oil and
land leases. Having
made a little money
here, he returned to
New Haven, and be
came a clerk in the
house-d ecorating
business. Just before he was twenty-one he bought out
the proprietor, paying him, in part, with money bor
rowed for the purpose. He was successful in the prose
cution of this business and remained in it until 1886.
Meantime, the business of commercial electric lighting
had been started. A company was organized in New
Haven in 1882, in which Mr. Gilbert became a stock
holder but not a director. In less than a year the com
pany had become hopelessly insolvent, and was sold out

for a small amount over its indebtedness. The con
trolling interest in the company was purchased by Mr.
Gilbert and a few friends, and he became the president
of the corporation. Since then he has become con
nected, in the same way, with the electric-lighting
industry in the other cities above named. In every
case the companies had been losing money prior to his
connection with them, and in every case he and his
friends have put them upon a dividend-paying basis, at
the same time en
larging their prop
erty and improving
their service. In
1886 Mr. Gilbert
secured the control
of an electric-light
ing company in Bos
ton. Since then it
has been consoli
dated with three
other companies,
under the name of
the Boston Electric
Light Company,
which now does a
flourishing business
on a capital of up
wards of §1,300,000.
Air. Gilbert has al
ways been the presi-
d e n t and general
manager of this cor
poration, and devotes
himself principally to
its affairs. The com
bined capital of the
electric-lighting en
terprises in which he
is engaged is nearly
$3,000,000. He is
president of four companies and vice-president of one.
In 1889 the principal electric-lighting and some of the
gas companies of the State formed an association for
defensive purposes, under the name of the Massachu
setts Electric Lighting Association, Mr. Gilbert being
chosen president. He has since been twice re-elected,
his special knowledge of the business proving of great
value. Mr. Gilbert's family consists of a wife and three
children. He resides in Brookline.

FREDERICK A. GILBERT.

BOSTON.

211

CHARLES A. HOPKINS, who represents the Mu
tual Life Insurance Company of New York as its
general agent, with headquarters in Boston, was born in
Spencer, Tioga County, N. Y., Sept. 5, 1841, and is the
son of Samuel A. and Helen (Carpenter) Hopkins. At
an early age he removed with his parents to Jersey City,
N. J., where he attended the famous Dickinson School.
At the outbreak of the War of the Rebellion he was a clerk
in a wholesale dry goods house in New York, occupying
an excellent position
and with bright pros
pects for the future.
These he relin
quished to enter the
Union service as a
private in the Eighth
New York Militia.
Upon his return from
three months' ser
vice, he was actively
engaged in recruit
ing, and assisted in
the organization of
several regiments.
In August, 1862, he
became adjutant of
the Thirteenth New
Jersey, with which
regiment he was
identified until the
close of the war,
serving, however, for
a large portion of the
time, on the staff of
the ge n e ral com
manding the Twen
tieth Corps. He
was bre vetted major
for distinguished ser
vices, was mustered
out in June, 1865, and in July entered the home office
of the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York in
a subordinate capacity. His attention to the details of
the business, and his evident capacity for higher work,
gained him rapid promotion, until he reached the post
of cashier, which position he retained until 1875, when
he was appointed general agent for Rhode Island, and
removed to Providence. In this new position he was
most successful. While in Rhode Island he represented

CHARLES A. HOPKINS

the city of Providence in the State Legislature for two
terms, and also served in the State militia as chief of
staff and inspector, vvith the rank of lieutenant-colonel.
In January, 1888, Colonel Hopkins was transferred to
the Massachusetts agency, where the business of the
company has been largely increased by his methods and
energy. The insurance now carried by citizens of this
State in this one company amounts to nearly §40,000,000,
the annual premium collections on which exceed
$1,500,000, or about
double those of any
other company.
The business of the
agency is conducted
in handsome and
extensive effices on
the second floor of
the company's own
fire-proof building
(recognized as one
of the finest architec
tural ornaments of
the city), at No. 95
Milk Street, Boston.
Colonel Hopkins's
success as a life in
surance manager is
mainly owing to his
thorough familiarity
with the principles
of the business, and
to a close attention
to its details. He is
a director in the
Mercantile Loan and
Trust Company, a
trustee of the North-
field School for
Girls, and of the
Springfield Training
School ; a director of the Boston Young Men's Christian
Association, and treasurer of the Andover House Asso
ciation. Colonel Hopkins's wife was Sarah Louise Aus
tin, daughter of Walter Austin, of Catskill, N. Y. They
have six children : Martha A., Louis L., Helen C.,
Grace, Walter A. and Louise. Their home is in
Brookline, where Colonel Hopkins has recently
erected, on Aspinwall Hill, one of the finest houses
in the vicinity.

212

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

F

REDERICK LOTHROP AMES, capitalist, rail
road builder and director, was born in Easton,
Mass., on June 8, 1835, the son of Oliver and Sarah
(Lothrop) Ames. At Concord he received his early
education, and at Phillips Exeter he was fitted for col
lege. He was graduated from Harvard in 1854, before
he was twenty years old. His tastes then were inclined
to the law, but in deference to his father's desire he
went into business. It was his father's wish that he
start at the bottom
of the ladder, and
he at once became a
a clerk in the great
Ames vv o r k s at
North Easton. From
grade to grade, as
the rules of the es
tablishment required,
he advanced, and
after several years
he was placed in
charge of the ac
countant's depart
ment. Very early
he showed a marked
executive ability, and
when, in 1863, he
became a member of
the firm he was an
experienced business
man. Until 1876
the firm name was
Oliver Ames & Sons,
but in that year it
was reorganized as
the Oliver Ames &
Sons Corporation,
with F. L. Ames as
treasurer, which is
his present position.

country. To give a list of all the various corporations
vvith which Mr. Ames is connected as president, vice-
president or director, would occupy a large space.
Many of the monetary institutions of Boston claim a
part of his attention, and he is identified with several
charitable institutions. He is also a member of the
corporation of Harvard College. One of his diversions
is that of horticulture, and in this he is remarkably
skilled and well informed. His collection of orchids
at his palatial North
Easton home is the
finest in the United
States, and in his
greenhouses Mr.
Ames often spends
hours watching the
development of his
ideas in the cultiva
tion of beautiful
flowers. He is also
a collector of rare
china, paintings and
tapestry, and pos
sesses some of the
finest specimens of
the handwork of
the past. His hold
ings of real estate in
the city of Boston
are very large, and
one of the notable
buildings of the city
is the Ames building,
the tallest structure
in New England, sit
uated at the corner
of Washington and
Court streets. This
is a monument of
size, strength and

FREDERICK L. AMES.

Early in his business career, Mr. Ames had become architectural beauty. His winter home is on Common-

interested in railroads, and when a young man was
a director in the Union Pacific, the Chicago &
Northwestern, Missouri Pacific and Texas Pacific rail
roads. Gradually he diverted his attention from mer
chandise to railroads, and to-day he is officially con
nected vvith some seventy-five railroads, and is con
ceded to be one of the best-informed men on all
matters pertaining to this branch of enterprise in the

wealth Avenue, Boston, and his summer home at North
Easton. In i860 Air. Ames was married to Rebecca
Blair, daughter of James Blair of St. Louis, who origi
nally was a Virginian. They have five children : Helen
Angier, wife of Robert C. Hooper; Oliver, 2d, Mary
Shreve, Lothrop and John Stanley. Air. Ames is con
sidered one of the most skilful, as he is certainly one of
the most successful, financiers in New England.

BOSTON.

213

Y

EARS ago a Boston poet said of his native town :
" Her threefold hill shall be
The home of art, the nurse of liberty,"

and more than any other living man he has helped to fulfil
the prophecy. Oliver Wendell Holmes is an essential
part of Boston, like the crier who becomes so identified
with the court that it seems as if Justice must change
her quarters when he is gone. The Boston of Holmes,
distinct as his own
personality, is passing
away with the gen
eration of a wit who
made a jest that his
State House was the
hub of the solar sys
tem, and in his heart
believed it. But Dr.
Holmes does not live
in the past. His
youth was splendid,
but his old age is
glorious. He has
lived with the century
as it grew from the
age of nine to ninety-
three, and has held
his own with it. He
has grown in literary
strength with years.
And what a marvel
lous versatility of tal
ent ! By virtue of
his apt response to
the instant call, and
of the wit, wisdom
and conviction, and
the scholarly polish
that relegate his
lightest productions
to the select domain of art, he is the Dean of American
" occasional " poets. A perfect phantasmagory of songs,
odes and rhymed addresses ; poems on collegiate and
civic occasions ; tributes to princes, embassies, generals,
heroes ; welcomes to novelists and poets ; eulogies of
the dead ; verses inaugural and dedicatory ; stanzas
read at literary breakfasts, New England dinners, muni-
. cipal and bucolic feasts ; odes natal, nuptial and mort
uary; metrical delectations offered to his brothers of

the medical craft, — to which he is so loyal, — bristling
with scorn of quackery and challenge to opposing sys
tems ; not only equal to all occasions, but growing better
with their increase. A kind of special masterhood, an
individuality, humor, touch, seems to have carried him
through all this, and much more besides, and to have
given him pre-eminence in a field the most arduous and
least attractive to a poet. But Dr. Holmes is more than
a poet, he is a philosopher, — a kind of attenuated Frank
lin, viewing men
and things with less
robustness, perhaps,
but with keener dis
tinction and insight.
Little is too high or
too low for his perti
nent comment. His
maxims, in his writ
ings and in his con
versation, are so fre
quent that it seems
as if he had jotted
them down from time
to time, and here
first brought them to
application. They
are apotheg m s of
common life and ac
tion, often of mental
experience, strung
together by a device
so original as to
make his " Autocrat "
a novelty in litera
ture. The last of
that great constella
tion of writers who
gave to America its
first golden age of
letters, Dr. Holmes,
in his declining years, is in the serene enjoyment of the
fruits of a life that has led most melodious days. His
contemporaries are all gone, but his eldest son, an asso
ciate justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Court, is
one of the honored judges of the State. Dr. Holmes
retired from general practice in 1849, and although
holding his professorship at Harvard — he is now pro
fessor emeritus — he has of late years devoted himself
wholly to the pursuit of letters.

OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES.

2I4

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

ASHUAIAN, one of Boston's great merchants, was
. born in Prussia, May 31, 1839, and came to this
country when but a child. The family settled in New-
burg, N. Y., where young Shuman worked on a farm,
when not at school, until he was thirteen years of age,
when he went into a clothing store. When but sixteen
years of age he started in the world to make a fortune,
and went to Providence, R. I. Not satisfied with the
scope afforded him in that city, he came to Roxbury.
This was in 1859.
He at once began a
business on the cor
ner of Vernon and
Washington streets.
Mr. Shuman, though
of foreign birth, is
intensely American,
and many i 11 s t i t u -
tions are remem
bered by him from
time to time i n a
practical manner
The immense estab
lishment at the cor-
n e r of Washington
and Summer streets,
denominated the
" Shuman Corner," is
the result of his
business energy. It
exhibits an achieve
ment of no ordinary
merit in the progress
of m e r c a n ti 1 e im
prove me n t . The
combined space o f
eight floors occupies
an area of over two
acres, and comprises
a mammoth empo
rium that has no superior in New England. With his
employees no one is more popular than Mr. Shuman. He
has arranged a system of purchasing homes for them,
and no employer in Boston has bought so many homes
for his help as he. He has loaned them money,
charging no interest, and allowing them to pay back
in small instalments. The appreciation of his many
kindnesses has been manifested by his employees again
and again in appropriate testimonials. As he has con-

A. SHUMAN

ducted his own business with care, prudence and integ
rity, so has he conducted all offices of a public character
which have been thrust upon him from time to time.
Mr. Shuman was married, Nov. 3, 1 861, to Miss Hetty
Lang ; they have three sons and four daughters. The
daughters are : Emma, married to August Weil, of
Weil, Haskell & Co., New York ; Bessie, married to
Alexander Steinert, president of M. Steinert & Sons'
Pianoforte Company ; Theresa and Lillian G. Shuman.
The sons are Ed
win A. and Sidney
^m E., who are in the
firm of A. Shuman &
Co., and George H.
Shuman. A Boston
journal says of Mr.
Shuman . " With the
pluck that has
throughout d i s t i n -
guished him, a few
years after settling
here he opened
a store, which has
since developed to
mammoth propor
tions on Washington
Street, but he has
never left Roxbury.
He is proud of his
residence there, and
delights to think that
he has done much to
make it the credit
able place it is to-day.
The business prem
ises in Boston are
most colossal, but as
large as they are, the
firm is compelled to
hire other buildings
in the vicinity for the convenience of the help. Mr.
Shuman is first vice-president of the Boston Merchants'
Association, a leading member of the Board of Directors
of the Alanufacturers National Bank, and is president
of the Board of Trustees of Boston's great City Hospital.
Few public occasions of importance pass without the
presence of Mr. Shuman, and his genial bearing makes
him much sought after in social as well as commercial
circles. He is essentially a self-made man."

BOSTON.

215

CHARLES WHITTIER, manufacturer of elevators
and machinery, and inventor, was born Nov. 26,
1829, in Vienna, Kennebec County, Me. He is the son
of John Brodhead and Lucy (Graham) Whittier. The
first of his ancestors in this Country was Thomas Whit
tier, who came from England in 1638, at the age of
sixteen, in the ship " Confidence." Mr. Whittier's
education was obtained in the public schools of Rox
bury, Mass., where he entered the Washington Grammar
School in 1841, the
year in which it was
dedicated. At the
close of his school
days he was appren
ticed for three years
to learn the machin
ist's trade with the
firm of Chubbuck &
Campbell, Roxbury,
of which the present
Whittier Alachine
Company is the
lineal successor. He
has thus been in the
same business for
nearly fifty years.
During his appren
ticeship Mr. Whit
tier attended for two
years the drawing
school of the Lowell
Institute, and be-
c a m e not only a
practical mechanic
but an experienced
draughtsman. Being
made superintendent
of the business in
1859, he was admit
ted to partnership in
the firm, which was then, upon the retirement of Mr.
Chubbuck, changed to Campbell, Whittier & Co. In
1874 the business was incorporated under the name of
the Whittier Machine Company, with Mr. Whittier as
president, a position which he has since held. The
works, for many years in Roxbury, but located now
mainly in South Boston, comprise a very large and
unusually fine plant in the line of foundry and machine
work, especially adapted to the manufacture of steam,

CHARLES WHITTIER.

hydraulic and electric passenger and freight elevators.
The company is one of the principal manufacturers in
America of electric elevators, which represent the highest
development thus far attained by electrical science and
mechanical art in this industry. A large number of
improvements, increasing the safety, speed and comfort
realized in the use of elevators, have been introduced by
the Whittier Machine Company. These improvements
are protected by numerous patents, many of which are
Mr. Whittier's own
inventions. The
company has always
encouraged legisla
tion calculated to se
cure the compulsory
adoption of all rea
sonable safeguards
for the protection of
life and limb in the
use of elevators, in
cluding a rigid sys
tem of inspection.
Mr. Whittier has al
ways been identified
with the Republican
party. In 1884 he
was elected to the
State Senate, where
he served one term.
For many years he
has been an active
member of the Mas
sachusetts Charitable
Mechanic Associa
tion. He is one of
the two vice-presi
dents of the Eliot
Five Cents Savings
Bank, Roxbury, and
is a member of the
Executive Committee of the Board of Trustees of Tufts
CoUege. For nearly forty years he has been a mem
ber of the First Universalist Society of Roxbury. His
long career as a shrewd, honorable and successful busi
ness man, and as an inventor, qualifies him to stand as a
truly representative man of the Commonwealth. Mr.
Whittier was married in Roxbury, June 7, 1855, to Eliza
Isabel, eldest daughter of Benjamin F. and Eliza (Ever
ett) Campbell, They have no children.

:i6

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

HOSEA KINGMAN, lawyer, mason, and veteran of
the Civil War, is one of the representative men of
Massachusetts. He was born in Bridgewater, Plymouth
County, Mass., April n, 1843, the son of Philip D. and
Betsey (Washburn) Kingman. In the public schools of
his native place he gained his early education, and then
went to the Bridgewater Academy, a famous institution,
which is the alma mater of many distinguished men.
Mr. Kingman also attended the Appleton Academy, at
New Ipswich, N. H.
He then entered
Dartmouth College,
at Hanover, N. H.,
but the breaking out
of the war inter-
rupted his studies
here, and he enlisted
in Company K, Third
Regiment, Massachu
setts Volunteers, and
was mustered into
service Sept. 22,
1862. In that month
Mr. Kingman accom
panied his regiment
to Newbern, N. C,
where he remained
until December,
when he was detailed
to duty in the signal
service, and was sent
to Port Royal, S. C.
Later he was detailed
t o Folly Island,
Charleston Harbor,
and on June 22, 1863,
he was mustered out
of the service. After
having thus served
nearly one year with
distinction he returned to college, where he was able to
make up his junior year work in his senior year, and so
was graduated with his class in 1864. Air. Kingman
then took up the study of the law, and his training in
this department of his life's work was gained in the
office of William Latham, with whom, after his admis
sion to the bar, he went into partnership, under the firm
name of Latham & Kingman. In 1871 Air. Latham
retired, and Mr. Kingman continued the business and is

HOSEA KINGMAN

still in practice. As a public man Mr. Kingman has
served in the positions of district attorney of Plymouth
County and as commissioner of insolvency of that
county. He was elected to the latter position in 1884,
and was re-elected each year until 1887, when he was
elected district attorney. He also received the appoint
ment of special justice of the first district court of
Plymouth County, Nov. 12, 1878. He resigned his
office as district attorney to become a member of the
Metropolitan Sewer
age Commission, of
which board he is
now chairman. Mr.
Kingman is an inter
ested student of local
history, and is a
trustee of the Ply
mouth County Pil
grim Historical Soci
ety, an organization
which has done much
for the enlargement
of historical research
in the line of early
Plymouth events.
Air. Kingman is also
atrustee of the
Bridgewater Acad
emy, and takes an
active interest in ed
ucational matters at
home and abroad.
He has likewise been
for some time a trus
tee of the Bridgewater
Savings Bank. He
is also prominent in
the ranks of Free
Masonry. June 23,
1866, he was married
to Carrie, the daughter of Hezekiah and Deborah
(Freeman) Cole, at Carver, Mass. This union has been
blessed vvith but one child : Agnes C Kingman. Air.
Kingman's home is in Bridgwater, where he was born
and has lived nearly all his life, and where he is respected
by all. ITis responsible and exacting duties as chairman
of the Metropolitan Sewerage Commission occupy at
present nearly the whole of his time and energies, and
he fills that office with great credit.

BOSTON.

217

INVENTIVE genius and talent for business are seldom
united in one man, and when these qualities meet,
as in Solomon Adams Woods, a successful life results.
He is a native of Farmington, Me., where he was born,
Oct. 7, 1827, the son of Nathaniel and Hannah
(Adams) Woods. His ancestors went from Massachu
setts to Farmington, where his paternal grandfather was
one of the first settlers, and where his father became
one of the leading men of the town. Mr. Woods was
brought up on the
farm, getting his
schooling winters at
the district school,
and later at the
Farmington Acad
emy. Having a me
chanical bent of
mind, at the age of
twenty years he
learned the carpen
ter's trade, which he
intended to follow.
Four years later,
however, he planned,
with his employer,
the erection of a
sash, door and blind
factory in Farming-
ton, and _ came to
Massachusettsto purchase the ne
cessary machinery.
That was the turning
point in his career.
Instead of returning
to Maine, he engaged
as a journeyman in
the same business, in
Boston, with Solomon
S. Gray. Within a
year Mr. Woods had bought out his employer, and on
Jan. 1, 1852, went into the business of manufacturing
sashes, doors and blinds on his own account. Two
years later he formed a partnership with Mr. Gray,
under the firm name of Gray & Woods, for the manu
facture and sale of a wood-planing machine, originally
invented by Mr. Gray, but rendered much more prac
tical by Mr. Woods's improvements. The partnership
lasted seven years. In 1865 Mr. Woods's business,

SOLOMON A. WOODS.

which had grown to large proportions, was still further
extended by the manufacture of the improved Wood
bury planer. To meet the increasing demands of his
business, Mr. Woods erected a manufactory in South
Boston, and branch houses were established in New
York and Chicago. In 1873 the S. A. Woods Machine
Company was incorporated, with a capital of $300,000,
and with Mr. Woods as president, an office he still
holds. To the successive firms of Gray & Woods, S. A.
Woods and the S. A.
Woods Machine
Company, more than
fifty patents for de
vices and improve
ments in machines
for planing wood
and making mould
ings have " been is
sued, and from the
Massachusetts Char
itable Alechanic As
sociation and other
institutions they
have received nearly
a hundred medals.
Mr. Woods has been
a member of the
Boston Common
Council, a director
of the East Boston
ferries, and since
1870 a trustee of the
South Boston Sav
ings Bank, of whose
Board of Investment
he has been a mem
ber for many years.
In 1878 he declined
a nomination for the
Board of Aldermen,
by both parties. Mr.
to Miss Sarah Eliza-

unanimously urged upon him
Woods was married, in 1854
beth Weathern, of Vienna, Me., who died in 1862.
Five years later he married Miss Sarah Catharine
Watts, of Boston. He has three children : Frank Forrest
(on whom he depends chiefly for the present and future
management of the business, and who holds the position
of vice-president and general manager), Florence and
Frederick Adams Woods.

21!

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

AS an example of a self-made man, one who has
earned his right to the title rather by the success
of perseverance and untiring industry than by any turn
of fortune's wheel, John P. Squire, the Cambridge
packer, holds high place. From a poor fanner's boy,
whose first business experience was that of a clerk in
a village store in rural Vermont, to the head of the third
largest pork-packing establishment in the United States,
is a record of which any one might feel proud John
P. Squire was born
in Weathersfield, Vt.,
May 8, 1819. His
boyhood years were
spent on the farm
and attending the
short terms of the
public schools. At
the age of sixteen he
entered the employ
of Mr. Orvis, the vil
lage storekeeper at
West Windsor, where
he stayed for two
years, or until he
earned sufficient
money to enable him
to attend the acad
emy at LTnity, N. H.
Subs equently he
taught night school
at Cavendish. In
1838 he came to
Boston and became
a clerk in the stall
of Nathan Robbins,
in Faneuil Hall Mar
ket. He went into
business for himself JOHN P. SQUIRE
in 1842, with Francis
Russell as partner, at
No. 25 Faneuil Hall Market. His success from this
on was marked. In 1847 the partnership was dissolved,
and for eight years he carried on the business alone.
In 1855 he again formed a partnership. Since then
there have been several changes in the firm, but Air.
Squire always remained at its head. The business is
now carried on under the name of John P. Squire cv Co.
Corporation, of which Mr. Squire and two of his sons,
Frank O. and Fred. F., are the members. In 1885 Mr.

Squire bought a tract of land in East Cambridge, upon
which he built a packing house. The plant was enlarged
from time to time to meet the demands of a growing
business until, in 1881, a great refrigerator of thirty
thousand tons' capacity was built, with a cooling area
of three acres. When this and other buildings were
destroyed by fire in 1891, a new refrigerator, with the
De La Vergne system of artificial refrigeration, was
built, having six acres of cooling space, and a capacity
for hanging ten thou
sand hogs, and the
killing of five thou
sand per day. The
magnitude of the bus
iness may be sug
gested by the state
ment that over eight
hundred thousand
hogs are slaughtered
annually, one thou
sand men are em
ployed at a yearly
expense of seven
hundred thousand
dollars, and the
freight bills for live
hogs amount to seven
hundred thousand
dollars a year. Air.
Squire married the
daughter of his first
employer, Aliss Kate
Green Orvis, in 1843,
and eleven children
blessed the union,
nine of whom are
now living. On April
30, 1892, Mr. Squire
celebrated the golden
jubilee of his en
trance into business by a grand reception at the estab
lishment in East Cambridge, and several thousand
friends accepted the opportunity to tender him their
congratulations. Air. Squire joined the Mercantile
Library Association when he first came to Boston, and
spent a great deal of his time in reading, of which he
was very fond. The position which he attained in com
mercial circles was due to his own efforts. His resi
dence is in Arlington,

BOSTON.

219

WILLIAM F. SAWYER, president of the Massachu
setts College of Pharmacy, was born Oct. 30, 1847,
in Charlestown, Mass., being the son of Seth and Susan
Prudence (Frost) Sawyer. His great-grandfather Pol
lard was the first private to fall in the battle of Bunker
Hill. Mr. Sawyer's education was gained in the public
schools of Charlestown, and he attended for a time the
academy at Manchester, N. H. When seventeen years
of age, he entered a drug store as apprentice, and spent
several years in
learning the business.
He worked in many
different stores
in Charlestown and
Cambridge, thereby
acquiring a varied
knowledge, which in
those days was ne
cessary in order to
become a reliable
and thorough drug
gist. He finished his
course as drug clerk
in Morse's store, at
C h a rl e s town. In
these several places
he had gained a wide
and eminently prac
tical knowledge o f
the retail drug busi
ness, and in 1870
he decided to go
into the trade for
himself. His first
venture was at Athol,
Mass., where he con
ducted a drug store
four years with such
success as ensured
his skill and knowl
edge of the business, and gave him confidence to begin
business in Boston. In 1874, therefore, he purchased
the store at No. 1152 Tremont Street, established in
1849, and has done business there from that date to
this. Mr. Sawyer has always taken a deep and active
interest in pharmaceutical matters, and in the several
associations of the druggists has been an active member.
He is at present a member of the Executive Committee
and of the Legislative Committee of the State Phar-

WILLIAM F. SAWYER

maceutical Association, and a member of the Boston
Druggists' Association, the American Pharmaceutical
Association, and of the Druggists' Alliance. Mr. Sawyer
was one of the first men in the State to call the atten
tion of druggists to the fact that Massachusetts had no
suitable building for the teaching of pharmacy. The
handsome new Massachusetts College of Pharmacy, at
the corner of St. Botolph and Garrison streets in Boston,
is the result of the labors of Mr. Sawyer and of othesr.
This is the first and
only college of its
kind in the State. It
was started in 1868
in a room on Boylston
Street. It was next
found in the old Hol-
lis Street school-
house, and later in
the Franklin school-
house. It had at this
time some seven
thousand dollars, and
through the efforts of
trustees, one of whom
was Mr. Sawyer,
money j enough was
raised to ensure the
building of the pres
ent structure. The
institution to-day
has control of about
one hundred and
twenty thousand dol
lars' worth of prop
erty. Mr. Sawyer is
connected with a
number of charitable
organizations, and is
also president and
director of several
business corporations. He is a member of the Masonic
Order, the Odd Fellows, Royal Arcanum, Ancient Order
of United Workmen, and Home Circle. On Nov. 23,
1870, at Royalston, Mass., Mr. Sawyer was married to
Eunice Helen Bryant. Their _ one child is" William
Prince Sawyer. Popular among his fellow-druggists of
the best stamp, Mr. Sawyer is honored by them as a
man who, among other things, helped to make the
College of Pharmacy possible.

220

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

FEW among the younger generation of Boston lawyers
are better known than George Robinson Swasey.
Though less than forty years old, he has already estab
lished an enviable reputation as one of the foremost
pleaders at the New England bar. Of sturdy New Eng
land stock, he has fought his way in his profession until
he stands to-day in the foremost rank, and his opinion
is sought not alone by lay clients but by his most suc
cessful legal brethren. His father was Horatio J. Swasey,
and his mother Har
riet (Higgins) Swa
sey. Mr. Swasey
was born at Standish,
Me., Jan. 8, 1854.
He fitted for college
at Westbrook Semi
nary and Gorham
Academy, and subse
quently entered Bow-
doin College, from
which he graduated
in the class of 1875.
He then began the
study of law with his
father, Hon. Horatio
J. Swasey, at Stan
dish, Me., where he
remained for two
years. In the fall of
1877 he entered the
Law School of Bos
ton University, and
less than one year
later, in June, 1878,
he graduated at the
head of a class of
fifty-two members,
many of whom have
since won high rank
at the bar of Massa
chusetts and other States. In the fall of the same year
Mr. Swasey was appointed a tutor in the law school, a
position which he held until the fall of 1882, when he
resigned. In April, 1878, he was admitted to the bar of
his native State, and in February, 1879, to the Massa
chusetts bar. He at once began the practice of law
with his brother, Floratio E. Swasey (who died in 1889),
under the name of Swasey & Swasey, and they quickly
built up an extensive business. In the spring of 1883

^

GEORGE R. SWASEY

Mr. Swasey was appointed acting dean of the Boston
University Law School, during the absence of the dean
in Europe, and was at the same time appointed a lec
turer in the school, a position which he still holds. In
1886 he was nominated for the School Board of the
city of Boston, on the Democratic and Republican
tickets, and elected. He was re-elected in the years
1887, 1888 and 1889, and while a member of the board
did good work on behalf of education. He was chair-
m a n of the Com
mittee on Accounts
and Evening Schools.
Throughout the pro
longed controversy
which took place a
few years since as to
the use of particular
text-b o o k s in the
schools, he was a
firm a d v o c a te of
text -books which
should be just to all,
and insisted that in
matters of educa
tion no class or
creed should be un
fairly treated. Mr.
Swasey has done
considerable legal
writing, having
compiled several
treatises, and has
assisted in the prep
aration of two edi-
1 tions of " Benjamin
on Sales." He is at
present chairman of
the Board of Appeals
of the city of Bos
ton. Without taking
a prominent part in politics, by the force of his charac
ter and popularity, he is a considerable factor in the
public life of his city and State. It has been given to
few men to attain so early in life such an enviable posi
tion at the bar, and so much prominence as an authority
on educational matters, as has been gained by Mr.
Swasey. In the opinion of his friends and admirers he
is only on the threshold of a career that is leading him
to still greater success.

BOSTON.

221

!W

TCHAEL JOSEPH AlcETTRICK, congressman
elect from the Tenth Massachusetts District, the
son of Matthew and Mary (McDonough) McEttrick, was
born in Roxbury, Mass., June 26, 1846. At the age of
eleven years he graduated, at the head of his class, of
which he was the youngest member, from the Washington
Grammar School. He then attended the famous Rox
bury Latin School, and after graduating there, he entered
the office of City Engineer Charles Whitney, of Roxbury,
to acquire a knowl
edge of civil engi
neering. This pro-
fession he was
afterwards compelled
to abandon owing to
an injury sustained
to his eyes. During
the last year of the
Civil War, he en
listed in the regular
army, receiving his
discharge in 1865.
He was assistant
assessor of the city of
Boston in 1884, and
in the fall of the same
year was elected by
the Democrats of his
district to the Mas
sachusetts House of
Representatives.Seven times in suc-
c e ssion he was
elected, receiving
each year an in
creased majority. In
the House he served
on many of the most
important commit
tees, such as finance,
child labor, education, roads and bridges, liquor law,
constitutional amendments, woman suffrage, expendi
tures and municipal charters. He quickly rose to a
position of power and commanding influence on the
floor of the House, being chairman of the Democratic
members and their acknowledged leader. His brilliant
minority reports as member of the Education Commit
tees of 1888 and 1889 advocated in a masterly way the
principle, since endorsed by the Legislature, concerning

MICHAEL J. McETTRICK.

the right of the State to interfere in the management of
private schools. Mr. McEttrick holds that, as the Con
stitution of the United States guarantees freedom of con
science and freedom of worship to every American
citizen, it guarantees with equal right, freedom of educa
tion. In 1890 he was elected to the State Senate,
serving there on the committees on election laws,
woman suffrage, and administrative boards and commis
sions. As the author and promoter of measures in the
interest of humanity,
and advocate of legis
lation for the pro
tection of factory
women and children,
he is recognized
throughout the Com
monwealth as first
and foremost. His
entire career has
been stamped with
integrity and s i n -
cerity. Hence h i s
phenomenal popular
ity, and his election
to Congress in 1892
as an independent
Democrat from the
Tenth Massachusetts
District over three
strong rival candi
dates, and after a
campaign that for
enthusiasm and in
terest has never had
its parallel in this
State. It is expected
that Mr. McEttrick's
broad grasp of legis-
1 a t i v e matters, his
earnestness and his
eloquence, will make him a power in the Fifty-third
Congress. His symmetrical and splendid physique is
partially due to his taste for athletics which he devel
oped early in life. By the time he had reached his
majority he had won a national reputation for his powers
of strength, activity and endurance, and a record for
wrestling, leaping and pedestrianism which for a long
time remained unbroken. He won the long distance
walking championship of America in 1869.

222

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

HENRY L1LLIE PIERCE was born in .Stoughton,
Mass., Aug. 23, 1825. He is a descendant of
John Pierce, who came to this country from England in
1637, and was admitted a freeman of Watertown in the
following year. His father, Colonel Jesse Pierce, was a
man of considerable distinction as a teacher, a member
of the General Court and a pioneer in the anti-slavery
movement. His mother was the daughter of Captain
John Lillie, a gallant officer in the War of the Revolu
tion. Air. Pierce re
ceived a good Eng
lish education at the
public school in his
native town, at the
academy in Milton,
and also at the
academy and State
N ormal School a t
Bridgewater. In
1850 he became con
nected with the
chocolate manufac
tory of Walter Baker
& Co. Four years
later he took charge
of the entire busi
ness, and from that
time to the present
has been the sole
manager. He began
to take an interest
in public questions
while still a school
boy, and was one of
the earliest and most
zealous promoters of
the movement which
led to the organiza
tion of the Republi-
can party. He
served as the representative from Dorchester in the
General Court during the sessions of i860, 1861, 1862
and 1866, and was the author of a number of important
legislative measures. On the annexation of Dorchester
to Boston, in 1869, he was elected for the two years fol
lowing to the Board of Aldermen. In 1872 he was
elected mayor of Boston, being the choice of the citi
zens, without regard to party. Against very strong
opposition he reorganized the health and fire depart

ments, and freed them from the personal and partisan
influences to which they had been subject. Before the
expiration of his term he received the Republican nom
ination for representative to Congress, and was elected
by a nearly unanimous vote. During his service of four
years as the representative of the third district, he took
an active part in committee work and made a number
of important speeches on the floor of the House, —
opposing the Force Bill, so called, favoring an amend
ment to the Consti
tution, limiting the
term of office of the
President, favoring
reciprocity with
Canada, defining the
proper distribution
of the Geneva Award
and opposing the
counting of the elec
toral vote sent from
Louisiana in 1876.
In 1877 Air. Pierce
was again elected
mayor of Boston and
served one term.
The most important
act of his adminis
tration was the reor
ganization of the
police department.
Although he has not
held any public office
since then, he has
continued to take an
active interest in pub
lic affairs, and has
been called upon
many times to speak
on political, edu
cational and eco
nomical questions. He found himself unable to sup
port the Republican nominee for the presidency in
1884, and has since been numbered among the inde
pendents in politics. For some years he has been pres
ident of the New England Tariff Reform League, and
his name is also prominently identified vvith the reform
of the civil service and of the ballot. He has travelled
extensively in this country and in Europe, and has thus
added to his wide and varied culture.

HENRY L. PIERCE.

Boston.

223

i

THE improved methods of heating buildings by
steam, and of ventilating them by "fan blowers,"
now so extensively used throughout the United States,
owe their origin and much of their development to
James J. Walworth. He was born, Nov. 18, 1808, in
Canaan, N. H., the son of George and Philura (Jones)
Walworth, and is in direct descent from Sir William
Walworth, who was lord mayor of London at the time
of the Wat Tyler rebellion, in 1381. Air. Walworth was
educated in the
public schools of his
native town, and in
the Thetford (Vt.)
and Salisbury
(N. H.) academies.
He taught school
three winters, and at
the age of twenty
came on foot to
Boston. For ten
years he was engaged
in the hardware busi
ness, and in 1841,
with his brother-in-
law, Joseph Nason,
under the firm name
of Walworth &
Nason, established
the business of steam
and hot-water warm- ;¦
ing and ventilating
buildings by radi
cally new methods.
Beginning in New
York, and a year
later starting a plant
in Boston, the two :
concerns have been
continued, though
with some changes,
until the present day. In 1844 Mr. Nason conceived
the idea of using small wrought-iron tubes for steam
warming. This was entirely different from anything
previously attempted. The construction of apparatus
for warming buildings, especially manufactories, was
immediately begun and rapidly extended, soon becom
ing the type of steam warming in large structures, to
the exclusion of all other methods. Immediately fol
lowing this came a new system of ventilation by the use

of the " fan blower," propelled by steam power, which
is now recognized as the most effective and economic
method, especially in hospitals, churches, theatres, halls,
etc. This system was first introduced by Walworth &
Nason in 1846, and in that year was applied to the
Custom House in Boston, and since then to numerous
public buildings in nearly every State in the Union.
Several of the State capitols have been warmed and
ventilated upon this principle. Though Mr. Walworth
has been the business
head of the concern,
yet, as engineer in
steam-heating and
ventilating, he has
designed and exe
cuted many impor
tant works. In 1852
the firm of Walworth
& Nason was dis
solved, Mr. Wal
worth continuing
business alone, and
later admitting
Marshall S. Scudder
and C. Clark Wal
worth as partners.
In 1872 the Wal
worth Manufacturing
Company was organ
ized, with a paid-up
capital of $400,000,
and with Mr. Wal
worth as president,
a position which he
retained until his
resignation in 1890.
The company owns
an extensive plant at
South Boston, em
ploying here and
elsewhere upwards of eight hundred workmen. Mr.
Walworth is president of many other large business cor
porations. He was one of the founders of Lasell
Seminary. In 1870 and 1871 he was a member of the
Massachusetts Legislature. He has been twice married.
His first wife was Elizabeth Chickering Nason. His
present wife was Mrs. Lydia Sawyer. He has one son,
who is president of the Walworth Construction and
Supply Company.

JAMES J. WALWORTH.

224

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

IN the fruit trade, as in every other branch of com
merce, the tendency toward consolidation is plainly
evident. The fruit trade of Boston has not only grown
to far vaster proportions in the last ten years, but it is
managed on entirely different lines, and what were for
merly separate, and often antagonistic, interests are now
all harmoniously combined under one management.
The Boston Fruit Company is the only concern in the
country which owns its own plantations, — they are situ
ated in Jamaica, and
contain about thirty-
seven thousand acres
in all, — imports its
own products in its
own line of steamers,
and deals direct vvith
both the retailer and
jobber. It is a stu
pendous business
which has grown up
within a very few
years and has com
pletely revolution
ized the system of
handling fruit. Five
steamers are kept
busy bringing the
products of the com
pany from Jamaica
to Boston. The man
ager of the Boston
Fruit Company is
Andrew Woodb u r y
Preston, one of Bos
ton's successful men
of affairs. He was
born June 29, 1846, at
Beverly Farms, Mass.,
the son of Benjamin
and Sarah Preston.
He is of old New England stock, being descended from
one of three brothers who came from England and settled
in Massachusetts early in the seventeenth century. Mr.
Preston attended the grammar school in Beverly until
he was sixteen years old. Three years of farm life fol
lowed, after which he went into the shoe manufacturing
business and remained in it until his health failed. In
September, 1.867, he came to Boston and went to work
for Charles Kimball & Co., produce merchants, being

ANDREW W. PRESTON

their buyer in Maine the following year. In 1869 he
became connected with Seaverns & Co., fruit and prod
uce dealers, continuing with this firm until 1888. In
1885 he became interested in an association of mer
chants, formed for the purpose of buying fruit in the
West Indies. Out of this association grew the Boston
Fruit Company, which was organized in 1888 and in
corporated in 1890. During the winters of 1885 and
1886 Mr. Preston was in New Orleans, representing the
interests of Boston
fruit merchants. In
the winter of 1887
he visited Jamaica
with parties inter
ested, and assisted in
the organization of
the Boston Fruit
Company. In 1888
he was made its as
sistant general man
ager, and in the fol
lowing year became
genera 1 manager.
He is an active mem
ber of the Boston
Fruit and Produce
Exchange and of the
Chamber of Com
merce ; is a director
in the Traders Na
tional Bank, and
president of the
Simpson Spring
Company, of South
Easton, Mass. He
has also been inter
ested in the teaming
business since 1874,
being a partner in
the firm of AI. D.
Cressy & Co., which owns about fifty teams. Mr. Pres
ton is a member of the order of Odd Fellows, and is
a Freemason of the thirty-second degree and a prom
inent Knight Templar. For two years he was secretary
of the Boston Alarketmen's Republican Club, one of the
vigorous political organizations of the city. In 1869
he married Aliss Fanny Gutterson, of Brookline. They
have one child living, — a daughter. Mr. Preston resides
in a beautiful home in Brookline.

BOSTON.

225

JAMES WEMYSS, JR., prominently known through
his connection with the British American and
other societies and as a business man, is a Scotchman
by birth, and came to the United States early in life to
seek his fortune. He has found it, but not without a
struggle. From the bench to the head of a furniture
firm, doing a business with the leading houses all over
the United States and Canada, and a social place of no
insignificant standing, is the record he has to show. Air.
Wemyss was born
in Hawick, Roxbury-
shire, Scotland, a
small t o w n locally
noted for its manu
facture of woollens
and stockings, in
1840. The first
fourteen years of his
life were spent on
the banks of the
T i v i o t , receiving
such education as
the vicinity and his
worldly condition al
lowed. He came to
America in 1854,
and for thirteen years
worked at the bench
in the furniture trade.
In 1867 he and his
brother started a
furniture manufactur
ing business in this
city on a very small
scale. His practical
knowledge of the
details, gained in his
long apprenticeship
at the bench, served
him in good stead,
and under his guidance the firm steadily developed until
it has become one of the leading manufactories of fine
furniture in the country. In the social world Air.
Wemyss is an Odd Fellaw, a Mason of high standing,
and a leader in the State of the British American citi
zens. For five consecutive years he was president of the
Scots' Charitable Society, a position which is esteemed
the highest honor that can be bestowed upon a Boston
Scotchman by his fellow-countrymen. He at one time

JAMES WEMYSS

held the presidency of five organizations, — the British
American Association of the State of Massachusetts,
Branch 37 of the British American Society, the Scots'
Charitable Society, the Boston Curling Club, and the
Hawick Club. Mr. Wemyss's part in the celebration of
the Queen's Jubilee in Boston, June 21, 1887, brought
him into considerable prominence. He was chairman
of the Committee of Arrangements, which consisted of
representatives of the different societies throughout the
State. Faneuil Hall
was selected as the
place in which to
hold the festivities.
This aroused the
antagonism of cer
tain persons who
did not think the
" Cradle of Liberty "
the proper place for
such a gathering.
The banquet was
held, nevertheless,
despite objections
and even threats,
and Al r . Wemyss
presided in the face
of warnings that per
sonal violence would
follow his attempt to
do so. The outcome
of this affair was the
birth of the British
American Associa
tions, which, origi
nating as a protest
against this jubilee
demonstration, have
extended all over
the country. M r .
Wemyss was presi
dent of the State organization for three years, and was
afterwards elected president of the national organiza
tion. Air. Wemyss, while of course retaining his love
for the dear old land of his birth, is a thorough believer
in American institutions and principles, and is first,
last and always loyal to the land of his adoption. Mr.
Wemyss was married in Boston, twenty-six years ago.
His connection with the various organizations above
referred to has made his name widely known.

226

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

IN finance, as well as in politics, law and mercantile
affairs, the young men of Massachusetts have achieved
distinguished triumphs. The changes that have taken
place during the last decade or two in business methods,
the consolidation of vast financial and commercial inter
ests, and the rapid development of the banking business
in so many new directions, have brought into prominence
men who have not only made enormous fortunes out of
changing conditions, but have wielded a powerful influ
ence in the financial,
and consequently in
the entire commer
cial, world. Such a
man is Frederick
Henry Prince. He is
one of an illustrious
family, which as long
ago as 1584 was
prominent in Eng
land, living at that
time in Shrewsbury
upon their estate,
known as " Abbey
Foregate," John
Prince being then
rector of East Shef
field. In 1633 his
s o n , E 1 d e r John
Prince, came to this
country and settled
in Hull, Mass. His
grandson, Thomas
Prince, graduated
from Harvard College
in 1707, and in 1717
was ordained c o -
pastor with Dr. Sevv-
ell of the Old South
Church, in Boston.
Mr. Prince's great
grandfather, James Prince, well known in his day and
generation as a prominent merchant, was appointed by
President Jefferson as naval officer of the port of Bos
ton, and afterward as United States marshal for the
district of Massachusetts. Mr. Prince is the son of
Frederick Octavius and Helen (Henry) Prince, and was
born in Winchester, Mass., Nov. 30, i860, the year in
which several other men who have attained distinction
in Massachusetts were born. His father is a distin-

FREDERICK H. PRINCE

guished ex-mayor of Boston, and for many years was
secretary of the National Democratic Committee. Mr.
F. H. Prince received his early education in public and
private schools, and entered Harvard College in 1878,
but left in 1880 to go into business. In 1885 he estab"
lished the firm of F. H. Prince & Co., and his career
has been one of uninterrupted prosperity. Mr. Prince
is vice-president of the New York & New England Rail
road Company, a director of the Chicago Junction
Railways and Union
Stock Yards Com
pany, and a director
in many other rail
roads and large cor-
p orations. Air.
Prince has been con
cerned in some of
the heaviest financial
undertakings in the
country. In con-
n e c t i o n with Chi
cago and the World's
Fair, it may be of in
terest to know that
in 1889 he entered
into negotiations with
Mr. Nathaniel
Thayer, of Boston,
and the Vanderbilts,
for the purchase of
the Chicago stock
yards, and formed
the syndicate of
London and Boston
bankers that paid
§23,000,000 for the
property. The pres
ent plan of uniting
the Philadelphia &
Reading, the Boston
& Maine and the New York & New England systems
under one management, thereby forming the largest cor
poration in the world, was the work of Air. Prince, and
this he accomplished in spite of strong opposition from
rival corporations. Air. Prince is a member of the lead
ing clubs in Boston and New York. In 1884 he mar
ried Aliss Abby Kinsley Norman, a daughter of George
H. Norman, of Newport, R. I., and has two children,
Frederick and Norman.

BOSTON.

22 7

FRANCIS HENRY UNDERWOOD was born in
Enfield, Mass., Jan. 12, 1825. His early educa
tion was obtained in the common school, then at a very
low ebb, and occasionally afterwards, for a few months
at a time, as the means of his family could afford, in
"select" schools, where he began Latin, algebra and
geometry. He was ambitious to pursue a collegiate
course, which would have been open to him but for
conscientious scruples that prevented his pledging him
self to the ministry.
He did, however,
succeed in entering
Amherst College in
1843, but in the fol
lowing year he gave
up the struggle and
went to Kentucky.
There he taught
school and read law,
and in 1847 was ad
mitted to the bar.
His marriage, in
1 848, formed an-
other tie binding
him to the life in
Kentucky ; yet his
sympathies with New
England ideas and
culture remained
predominant, and at
the end of another
year he returned to
Massachusetts, dis
satisfied with the
law, and his mind
divided between
aspirations towards
literature and enthu
siasm for the cause
of freedom. In 1852
he was the clerk of the Massachusetts Senate ; but in
1854 he became the "reader" or literary adviser of the
Boston publishing house of Phillips, Sampson & Co.
To this house he had carried the plan of a new maga
zine, which, three years later, was realized in the " At
lantic Monthly," of which he became assistant editor,
and his friend, James Russell Lowell, editor-in-chief.
This was the great literary event of those days. After
the dissolution of the firm, in 1859, he was chosen clerk

FRANCIS H. UNDERWOOD

of the Superior Criminal Court, a position which he
continued to hold for eleven years. For thirteen years
he served as a member of the Boston School Committee,
to which experience we arc indebted for his two well-
known handbooks of English literature (1870-72).
In 1872 he received the honorary degree of A. M. from
Bowdoin College. In 1878 he delivered a course of
lectures upon American literature, at the Peabody
Institute, Baltimore, which was repeated in Boston
and other cities. In
1885 he was ap
pointed consul to
Glasgow, where he
was flatteringly
received, and
achieved great pop
ularity, not only in
his official capacity,
but also as a man of
society and a man of
letters. While in
Scotland he deliv
ered many lectures
upon American lit
erature, and had the
honor, unusual for
an American, of be
ing created doctor
of laws by the Uni
versity of Glasgow.
After being super
seded as consul, in
1889, he remained
in Glasgow three
years, and was mar
ried there for a sec
ond time. He is
now a resident of
Boston. He has
been a man of untir
ing industry, and besides the handbooks of English lit
erature, he has written the following : "Cloud Pictures"
(imaginative stories); "Lord of Himself," a novel of
Kentucky life; "Alan Proposes," also a novel; "The
True Story of Exodus" (an abridgment of Brugsch's
great work) ; short biographies of Lowell, Longfellow,
and Whittier; and a handbook of English history,
based on Guest's lectures. His latest publication is
" Quabbin : The Story of a Small Town."

228

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

THE political destinies and the legislation of Massa
chusetts for the last few years have been largely
in the hands of young men, and in every campaign
since 1880 Charles F. Sprague has taken an active and
useful part. He is the son of Seth Edward and Harriet
Boardman (Lawrence) Sprague, and was born in Boston,
June 10, 1857. His grandfather was Peleg Sprague,
who served two terms in Congress and one term in the
Senate from Maine, whither he had removed to practice
law. He was subse-
quently appointed
judge of the Dis
trict Court of Alassa
chusetts. He was
the author of
" Sprague's D e c i s-
ions," a book which
is still often quoted
as an authority. Mr.
Sprague's maternal
grandfather was Wil
liam Lawrence, a
brother of Amos and
Abbot Lawrence, the
latter a minister to
the Court of St.
James. Mr. Sprague
attended school in
Boston, and entered
Harvard in 1875.
After graduation he
studied in the Har
vard Law School, and
later finished his
course in the Boston
University Law
School. He is now
a member of the
Suffolk bar, and is
engaged in the prac
tice of his profession. He has always taken the great
est interest in political matters, casting his vote for
President Garfield in 1880. He served on the Republi
can Ward and City Committee, in 1887 and 1888. In
the latter year he was elected to the Boston Common
Council, and was re-elected in 1889 by an increased
majority. While in the city government, as member of
the Committee on Claims, he was instrumental in saving
many dollars to the city, voting always on the conserva

tive side and taking the view that a municipal corpora
tion should be managed like a business organization and
not like a political machine. In 1890 he was elected
from the Tenth Suffolk District to the Alassachusetts
House of Representatives, and was re-elected the fol
lowing year. While in the House he served on the com
mittees on bills in the third reading, probate and insol-
vency and election laws. Mr. Sprague's chief interest
lay in the latter committee, which was one of impor
tance by reason of
the opposition of dis
gruntled politicians
to the working of the
Australian Ballot
Law, which has been
so effective in pro
moting the purity of
elections in Massa
chusetts, and he was
strenuous in his
efforts that as little
change as possible
should be made until
the people had be
come accustomed to
its workings. In his
first year in the Leg
islature he reported
from the committee
a "Bill to Secure the
Publication of Elec
tion Expenses," and
was instrumental in
procuring its passage
through the House.
Unfortunately, how
ever, it met its death
in the Senate, but
was the next year
passed and enacted,
after being materially modified and improved. In the
spring of 1S92 Mr. Sprague was elected an alternate
delegate to the National Republican Convention at
Minneapolis from the eighth congressional district. Mr.
Sprague was married in November, 1891, to Alary
Bryant, daughter of the late George Langdon Pratt, of
Brookline, and is now living in Jamaica Plain. He is
a member of several social organizations, among others
the Athletic and University clubs.

CHARLES F. SPRAGUE

BOSTON.

229

**> '-'$&%

THE home office of that solid Massachusetts institu
tion, the American Legion of Honor, is located at
200 Huntington Avenue, Boston, and vvith it is identified
the name of Adam Warnock, who has occupied the
position of Supreme Secretary for over ten years. Mr.
Warnock's ancestors were Scotch Covenanters, and he
was born in New York City, Dec. 19, 1846, where he
received his education and business training. During
the war of the Rebellion he served in the United States
Navy, and is at pres
ent a member of Post
30, G. A. R., Depart
ment of Massachu
setts. Early in life
Air. Warnock became
connected with fra
ternal organizations,
in which his natural
force, strength of
character and will
power were soon rec
ognized, and he be
came a leader. He
became a member of
the American Legion
of Honor in Brook
lyn, and at the or-
ganizationof the
Grand Council of
New York he was
elected representa
tive to the Supreme
Council, being
chosen Supreme Sec
retary in 1882. In
this position his suc
cess has been un
questioned. Of
untiring industry and
with consummate
ability he has devoted his time to the society's success.
His wise policy has led him to surround the institution
with all possible safeguards, while his aggressiveness is
on the alert constantly to make use of every opportunity
to increase the membership, and keep it in the front
rank. During his occupancy of the office of Supreme
Secretary, the American Legion of Honor has erected a
magnificent building for its headquarters ; has accumu
lated a reserve fund of five hundred thousand dollars,

ADAM WARNOCK

with which to guarantee the payment of certificates,
and stands to-day one of the strongest organizations of
its kind in the country. Mr. Warnock is conceded to be
as well informed in regard to fraternal insurance as any
man in the country, and is a forceful and finished
speaker. His constructive ability is unsurpassed, and
many of the best features of the system have been
suggested by him. He has held many positions of trust
in other societies, having been for a number of years
Representative from
the State of New
York to the Supreme
Lodge, Knights of
Honor, President of
the Knights of
Honor Veteran Asso
ciation, President of
the National Frater
nal Congress, and
Grand Secretary of
the Royal Arcanum,
State of New York.
He was long a mem
ber of Atlas Lodge,
F. & A. M., of New
York, and is now con
nected with Colum
bian Lodge of Boston.
He is also a member
of Corinthian Royal
Arch Chapter and
Ivanhoe Command
ery, Knights Tem
plar. He is con
nected with the Odd
Fellows, Knights of
Pythias, and several
similar societies.
There are few men in
the country whose
opinion is weightier than his on all matters pertaining to
fraternal organizations. Mr. Warnock takes an interest
in the better class of athletic sports, and is a good
amateur tennis player and oarsman, being a member of
the Union Boat Club and the Boston Athletic Associa
tion. Since becoming Supreme Secretary of the American
Legion of Honor he has resided in Alassachusetts, in a
pleasant home in Cambridge. Mr. Warnock was married
in 1872, his family consisting of wife and five children.

0}

230

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

GEORGE A. CLOUGH, ten times elected architect
of the city of Boston, stands in the front rank
of his profession in the United States. He was born in
Bluehill, Me., on Alay 27, 1843, being the son of Asa
and Louisa (Ray) Clough. Asa Clough was a man of
high reputation in Alaine as a ship-builder, being nota
ble for having built eighty-three ships during his life
time. George A. Clough was educated in the Bluehill
Academy, and worked with his father when still a youth
for four years as a
draughtsman in the
ship-yards, drawing
the sweeps upon the
floor and forming
the molds for the
ship timber. In
Alarch, 1863, Air.
Clough came to Bos
ton and began the
study of architecture
with George Snell, of
the firm of Snell &
Gregerson, archi-
tects. He remained
with Mr. Snell until
1869, when he went
into business for
himself. From the
start he was success
ful, owing to his com
plete knowledge of
his profession, and in
May, 1874, he was
elected city archi
tect of Boston, being
the first man to hold
that position. M r .
Clough organized
the department, and
during his terms of
office, which covered a period of ten successive years,
many notable public buildings were erected by the city
from his plans. Prominent among these is the English
High and Latin School building, on Montgomery Street,
in which structure he was the first to introduce the
German system, which provides for constructing the
building around open courts, thus affording ample light
and ventilation to all parts of it. Another notable
building is the Prince School, on Newbury Street, which

fulfils the German plan for smaller school buildings, and
which was completed in 1881. The pumping station at
the Westborough Insane Hospital, and the Suffolk County
Court House in Pemberton Square, Boston, are also on
Air. Clough's plans. In school buildings Mr. Clough
especially manifested skill as an architect, and, since
1875, twenty-five or more of these have been built from
his plans and under his direction. Mr. Clough designed
the Marcella Street Home, the Lyman School for Boys,
the Durfee Memorial
Building at Fall
River, one of the
finest school edifices
in the world, the
Bridge Academy at
Dresden, Me., and
similar buildings all
over New England,
as well as in Penn
sylvania and New
York. Recent build
ings of his design
are the Fogg Memo
rial at South Ber
wick, Me., and Dana
Hall at Wellesley.
After extended com
petition Air. Clough's
designs for the Suf
folk County Court
House were ac
cepted. The build
ing as erected, how
ever, is the result of
radical modification
made by the com
mission, and to a
considerable degree
does not represent
Air. Clough's views
as expressed in the original design. He has exerted
a marked and beneficial influence upon the school
architecture of Massachusetts, the evolution of which
during the past few decades has been one of the striking
external features of the progress of the Commonwealth.
In 1876 Mr. Clough was married, at Thetford, Vt., to
Amelia Al., daughter of Lyman Hinckley; they have
three children living : Charles Henry, Annie Louisa and
Pamelia Morrill Clough. Their residence is in Brookline.

GEORGE A. CLOUGH

BOSTON.

*3i

yw*t

THAT a man has displayed exceptional ability in the
management of his own business is by no means
a certain proof that he will succeed in the management
of public affairs. But when to an unusual degree of
business sagacity are added invincible integrity and a
thorough understanding of public needs, you have the
making of a most useful public servant. The intricate
problems of municipal government have had in Boston
no better master than Charles Varney Whitten, ex-
president of the
Board of Aldermen.
Conscientious atten
tion to detail has
been the key to his
success in both pri
vate and public life.
He comes of Quaker
stock, having been
born in Vassalboro,
Me., May io, 1829,
the son of Robert
Towne and Dorcas
H. Whitten. Mr.
Whitt en has one
brother, Henry C,
and his sister, Anna
S., now deceased,
was once a celebrated
soprano singer. The
early years of his life
were spent in his
native town, where
he attended the pub
lic schools, finishing
his studies at Kent's
Hill Academy. At
the age of eighteen
he came to Boston
as book-keeper for
the firm of Kimball
& Fisk, retail clothiers. He remained with this firm
nine months, and then associated himself with John
Gove & Co., wholesale clothiers. He was with them
for a number of years. In 1858 the firm of Whitten,
Hopkins & Co. was established, Mr. Whitten becoming
the senior partner. In 1862 the firm of Whitten, Bur
dett & Young was founded and began business in the
old Cathedral building. In 1872 the great fire cleaned
out the establishment, and the firm took temporary

I

CHARLES V. WHITTEN

quarters on Chauncy Street. The Beebe block on
Winthrop Square having been completed, Whitten,
Burdett & Young moved in and took possession, the
firm name having since been changed to Burdett, Young
& Ingalls, and Mr. Whitten remaining as special partner.
He was also special partner in the firm of Simonds,
Hatch & Whitten, wholesale dealers in furnishing goods.
Air. Whitten has been a director in the Commonwealth
and Mechanics National banks and a trustee in the
Home Savings Bank
ever since its incor
poration. In 1880
Mr. Whitten, at the
earnest solicitation of
his friends, became a
candidate for alder
man, was elected and
re-elected the two
following years.
When he again ran
for office, in 1884,
his victory was a
most pro n o u n c e d
one. For two years
he was chairman of
the board, and was
regarded as pre-emi
nently the business
man in that body.
His election in 1884
as a Democrat, by
over two hundred
majority, in a district
that gave Mayor
Martin over twelve
hundred majority,
shows the great hold
he had upon the peo
ple of his district.
Mr. Whitten is a
member of a large number of societies and clubs, in
cluding the Eastern and Hull Yacht clubs. Of the
latter he was commodore for several years, and has
done much to advance the interest in amateur yachting.
He is a prominent fancier and grower of roses, and on
his spacious grounds in Dorchester he has raised some
of the rarest and most beautiful varieties. He is an active
member of the Horticultural Society and of the Mas
sachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association.

232

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

IN the hands of a young, wealthy and energetic man
was placed the management of the Republican cam
paign of 1892 in Massachusetts, and the results, consid
ered as a whole, amply justified the State Committee in
its choice of Eben Sumner Draper as chairman. He
was born in that part of Milford, Mass., which is now
Hopedale, June 15, 1858, the youngest son of George
and Hannah (Thwing) Draper. His early education
was obtained in public and private schools, and at the
age of fifteen years
he began a course of
instruction i n m e -
chanical engineering
at the Alassachusetts
Institute of Tech-
nology. Graduating
from this institution
in 1880, he went to
work in the draught-
i n g department of
the manufacturing
concerns at Hope-
dale. The technical
and scientific train
ing which he had
received was of great
value to him in later
years, and he soon
became a prominent
figure in his father's
extensive machine
shops at Hopedale.
He learned thor-
oughly the practical
part of the manufac-
t u r e of machinery
and cotton goods.
At the age of twenty-
one he was admitted
as partner in the firm
of George Draper & Sons, consisting of his father and
his two brothers, General W. F. and G. A. Draper. He
has other business interests, being director in over a
dozen manufacturing companies, among them being the
Hopedale Machine Company, — manufacturers of the
finest cotton machinery in the country, — the Sawyer
Spindle Company, the Dutcher-Temple Company, the
Hopedale Machine Screw Company, the Globe Yarn
Mills, the Continental ALUs of Lewiston, and the Glas-

\

EBEN S. DRAPER

gow Thread Company. In addition to these corpora
tions, he is a director in several railroad companies.
Business interests have not engrossed the whole of Mr.
Draper's attention, however, for he has been a diligent
student of political problems. He was present at the
first meeting of the organizers of the Home Market
Club, was chosen on its first board of directors, and is
still a member of the board. In politics Mr. Draper is
a strong Republican and a stanch advocate of protec
tion, but he has never
sought political o f -
fice, although having
served on several im
portant committees,
and several times
been elected a dele
gate to conventions.
After a spirited con
test he was chosen to
the office of chairman
of the Republican
State Central Com
mittee in January,
1892. He is con
nected vvith several
social organizations,
among them the
Boston Athletic, the
Union and A lgonquin
clubs. For three
years he was a mem
ber of the First Corps
of Cadets, and is now
in the Aeteran Corps.
Air. Draper took a
prominent and influ
ential part in the
long contest which
resulted in the estab
lishment of the town
of Hopedale, and has a strong hold upon the esteem and
gratitude of his fellow- townsmen. In 1883 Air. Draper
was married to Miss Nannie Bristow, daughter of Gen
eral Bristow, ex-secretary of the treasury. They have
two children, and their pleasant home is in Hopedale.
In recognition of his management of the Republican
campaign of 1892 the leading members of his party in
Alassachusetts united in giving him a banquet in Boston
in December of that year.

BOSTON.

233

IN Massachusetts politics of recent years it is the
young man who has played the most important parts.
He has shaped the policy of the party, controlled the
management, and filled the offices. Of no young man
has the rise been more rapid than of Abraham C. Rat-
shesky, the brilliant secretary of the Republican State
Central Committee. He was born in Boston, Nov. 6,
1864, the son of Asher and Bertha Ratshesky. He at
tended the public schools, and graduated with high honors
from the Rice Train
ing School, as num
ber one in his class,
and won the medal
offered in competi
tion for scholars of
any grammar school
in the United States
for the best essay on
the battle of Lexing
ton. He then en
tered the Boston
Latin School, and
pursued his studies
there until going into
business with his
father and brother.
The firm of A. Rat
shesky & Sons was
succeeded in 1891,
upon the death of
his father, by I. & A.
C. Ratshesky, who
now carry on one of
the largest wholesale
and retail clothing
establishments in the
city, in the magnifi
cent building erected
by them on the cor
ner of Blackstone,
Hanover and North Centre streets. Mr. Ratshesky
has charge of large estates, and occupies many positions
of trust in the financial world, being treasurer in no less
than ten institutions, and president and director in as
many more. In the political field he has been singu
larly successful, his career having begun in 1889, when
he was elected to the Boston Common Council from
Ward 18, and served in that body for three successive
terms. In 1892 he was the Republican leader in the

ABRAHAM C. RATSHESKY

Council, and made a most creditable record as an able
and honest legislator, being always in the front rank of
the best speakers on all important questions. He has
served on every one of the important committees of
the City Government. He was elected to the Republi
can State Committee for 1891 and 1892, and was unan
imously chosen secretary of the committee for 1892, the
choice being regarded as a most fortunate one. He was
re-elected to the committee for 1893. In 1891 he was
a delegate to the
National Republican
Convention of Re
publican League
Clubs, held in Cin
cinnati, and in 1892
was a delegate to the
National Republican
Convention in Min
neapolis, being sec
retary of the Massa
chusetts delegation,
and one of President
Harrison's warmest
supporters. In 1892
he was unanimously
nominated for sena
tor by the Republi
can party in the
Seventh Suffolk Dis
trict, and although
the district is one of
the Democratic
strongholds of the
State, and was repre
sented by a Demo
crat whose plurality
was over twelve hun
dred, Mr. Ratshesky
overcame this im
mense vote, and was
elected by about five hundred plurality — a striking
proof of his popularity. Mr. Ratshesky was one of the
organizers of the Republican Club of Alassachusetts, is
a member of the Home Market Club, the Boston Mar-
ketmen's Republican Club, the Alercantile Library As
sociation, Past Noble Grand of Montezuma Lodge,
I. O. O. F., Past Chief Patriarch of Buckingham En
campment, I. O. O. F., and a member of many leading
social clubs of the city.

234

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

REV. JOSHUA P. BODFISH was born in Fal
mouth, Mass., March 29, 1839. His ancestors
were among the first settlers on Cape Cod, and were
largely engaged in shipbuilding, an industry that was
extensively carried on in that section of Massachusetts
in the early days. One of his ancestors, Robert Bodfish,
was one of five who purchased from the Indians all the
land now embraced within the limits of the town of
Sandwich. Another, William Bodfish, represented Sand
wich in the General
Court for nine years,
and took an active
part in the exciting
events immediately
preceding the Revo
lution. Father Bod
fish was raised in the
Orthodox church,
but when the matter
of studying for the
ministry was seri
ously entered upon,
he became dissatis
fied vvith what he
terms " the incon
sistencies of Calvin
ism," and, therefore
abandoning the creed
of his fathers, stud
ied and took orders
in the E p i s c o p al
church, officiating
for some time as as
sistant minister at
All Saints' Church,
Philadelphia. While
here, from a study of
the works of the late
Cardinal Newman
and others, he be
came satisfied that the orders of the Anglican church
were not valid, and the result of this study was that he
turned to the Catholic church. He was baptized a
Catholic by Bishop Domenec, of Pittsburg, Penn., in
1863, pursued his initial theological studies with the
Lazarist Fathers at the Seminary of Our Lady of the
Angels, Niagara, and when that institution was destroyed
by fire he went to Seton Hall, New Jersey, where he
finished liis /preliminary course. He then joined the

JOSHUA P. BODFISH

late Father Hecker's Paulist community in New York,
and was ordained priest Nov. 30, 1866. Father Bod
fish remained with the Paulists for ten years, engaged in
missionary work, lecturing and preaching throughout
the country. While with this energetic band of mission
aries he organized and built up the Young Men's Cath
olic Society, connected with the church of the com
munity in New York, which became a large and devoted
band of earnest young men. Coming to Boston in
1876, he was sta
tioned at the cathe
dral, where he occu
pied for some years
the positions of
chancellor of the
archdiocese and sec
retary to Archbishop
Williams. Later he
became rector of the
cathedral, and in
1888 he was ap
pointed to the pas
toral charge of St.
John's Church, Can
ton, Mass., over
which parish he still
presides, having ren
ovated and beautified
the church and im
proved the church
property by the
erection of a fine
residence. In No
vember, 1 89 1, he
observed the twenty-
fifth anniversary of
his ordination to the
priesthood. Father
Bodfish is of digni
fied and command
ing presence, a brilliant lecturer and controversalist,
a man of decided intellectual and social tastes, and
an enthusiastic son of New England. He was one
of the founders of the Antiquarian Society, afterwards
incorporated as the Bostonian Society, and a director
in it for many years. He is also a director in the
Bunker Hill Monument Association, a member of the
New England Historic Genealogical Society, and of the
Thursday Evening and St. Botolph clubs.

BOSTON.

235

CHARLES ENDICOTT, tax commissioner of the
Commonwealth of Massachusetts and also com
missioner of corporations, has been in public life for
nearly fifty years, with only short interruptions. He was
born in Canton, Norfolk County, Mass., Oct. 28, 1822,
being the son of Elijah and Cynthia (Childs) Endicott.
His early educational advantages were only those which
could be obtained in the public schools of Canton, and
he was from the first trained to a life of practical en
deavor, being re
quired to work on
his father's farm and
at boot making in
his early days. In
1846, when only
twenty-four years of
age, he was called
upon to begin what
has proved to be a
unique career in the
service of his fellow-
citizens, being ap
pointed deputy sher
iff of Norfolk County,
an office, which in
those days carried
with it much local
distinction. In the
early fifties he took
up the study of the
law, entering the
office of the late
Ellis Ames, of Can
ton, and in 1857 he
was admitted to the
bar to practise as an
attorney and coun-
sellor-at-law. The
citizens of Canton
early recognized the
worth of Mr. Endicott, and he was from time to time
called upon to fill nearly all the offices of local trust.
He was a county commissioner for a period of six years,
and was also commissioner of insolvency, being first
appointed by the governor and subsequently elected by
the people ; was a representative in the General Court
in 1851, 1857 and 1858; was sent to the State Senate
in 1866 and 1867 ; was a member of the executive
council in 1868 and 1869 ; was State auditor in the

CHARLES ENDICOTT

years 1870, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874 and 1875, and was
elected treasurer of the Commonwealth in 1876, 1877,
1878, 1879 and 1880, a rare political compliment. He
held the office of State treasurer as long as any man is
permitted to hold it under the Constitution. In 1881
he was made deputy tax commissioner, and later com
missioner, and also commissioner of corporations, offices
of much responsibility and labor. In financial and
corporate circles Mr. Endicott is looked upon as a high
authori ty , and the
annual reports of his
departments form
valuable additions to
the statistics of the
State. He is a di
rector in the Nor
folk Mutual Fire
Insurance Company,
a director in the
Neponset National
Bank, and was for
forty years a trustee
of the Canton Insti
tution for Savings, of
which institution he
is now president.
Mr. Endicott has
been twice married,
his first wife being
Miriam Webb, whom
he married in Can
ton, Sept. 30, 1845.
Of this marriage
there was one child :
Charles W. Endicott.
His second wife was
Augusta G. Dins-
more, and the wed
ding was in Charles
town, N. H., Oct. 2
1848. Two children were born of this marriage : Edward
D. and Cynthia A. (Endicott) Field, wife of R. M.
Field. Having been for so many years in the offices of
State auditor, treasurer and tax commissioner, Mr. Endi
cott is probably as well versed as any other man in Mas
sachusetts on all matters relating to the finances of the
State. Mr. Endicott resides in Canton, where his early
successes were made and his career as a public servant
commenced.

236

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

THE "Puritan," "Mayflower " and "Volunteer " are
household words. The man who wrested yachting
laurels from all comers and placed them on Columbia's
brow belongs to Massachusetts. Charies Jackson Paine-
yachtsman, was born in Boston, Mass., on Aug. 26, 1833.
He is a great-grandson of Robert Treat Paine, signer
of the Declaration of Independence. Charles Jackson
Paine was graduated from Harvard in the class of 1853,
among his classmates being Charles W. Eliot, Robert S.
Rantoul and Justin
Winsor. Subse-
quently he studied
law with Rufus
Choate and was ad- ,
mitted to the bar,
but has not practised
since the war. He
married the daughter
of John Bryant, Jr.,
and by inheritance
and successful ven
tures in railroad en
terprises became in
early life the posses
sor of a large fortune.
On Oct. 8, 1861, he
entered the Union
Army as captain in
the Twenty- second
Massachusetts I n -
fantry, and served
with it until Jan. 14,
1862, when he was
promoted to major of
the Thirtieth Massa
chusetts Regiment.
On Oct. 2, 1862, he
was commissioned as
colonel of the Second
Louisiana Regiment,
and served with it until March 4, 1864, when he resigned.
He commanded a brigade during the siege of Port
Hudson in the summer of 1863. In March, 1864, he
joined General Butler in Virginia, and in the following
month took part in the battle of Drury's Bluff. On
July 4, 1864, he was appointed brigadier-general of
volunteers, and led a division of colored troops in the
attack of New Market, Va., Sept. 29, 1864. He partici
pated in the capture of Fort Fisher in January, 1865.

Subsequently he served under General Sherman in
North Carolina, and after the surrender of Lee com
manded the district of Newbern. He was brevetted
major-general of volunteers for his services at Fort
Fisher, and on Jan. 15, 1866, was mustered out of the
service. General Paine from earliest boyhood took an
ardent interest in yachting, and became a master of
yacht designing and sailing. In 1877 he purchased the
" Halcyon," and so improved her that she became one
of the fastest sailing
craft of her kind,
ranking with the
"Grayling" and
"Montauk." In
1885 General Paine
formed the syndicate
that built the " Puri
tan," and also served
at the head of the
committee which had
charge of her during
the races of the
year. Later he be
came sole owner of
the "Puritan," but
soon after sold her
to Commodore
Forbes. In 1886
he built the "May
flower," which de
feated the "Galatea,"
and, in 1 8 8 7 , the
"Volunteer," which
successfully de
fended the Ameri
ca's cup against the
"Thistle." The
"Puritan," "AI ay-
flower" and "Volun
teer" were all de
signed by Edward Burgess, but that gentleman during his
lifetime frequently testified to the generous and helpful
part which General Paine took in their construction. In
February, 1888, the New York Yacht Club, of which
General Paine is a member, in recognition of his triple
successful defence of the America's cup, presented him
a silver cup commemorating his victories. General
Paine lives in Boston, and has a summer residence at
Weston, Alass.

CHARLES J. PAINE.

BOSTON.

237

IN the development and use of the great inventions
which have especially marked the world's progress
during the nineteenth century, — the steamboat, the
railroad, the telegraph and the telephone, — America
has taken the lead. Unknown less than twenty years
ago, the telephone has already brought about such
radical changes in commercial methods and social life
that it easily takes equal rank with its three predeces
sors. To-day no place in the United States of more
than five thousand
inhabitants is without
its telephone ex- 
change, and every
year a quarter of a
million exchange
subscribers carry on
more than five hun
dred million conver
sations. These ex
changes are so knit
together by connect
ing lines that towns
and cities very widely
separated talk to
gether with ease.
Indeed, all the great
cities of the United
States north of Wash
ington and east of
Chicago intercom
municate readily by
telephone, the open
ing of the line from
New York to Chi
cago, on the eigh
teenth day of Octo
ber, 1892, marking
an event in the de
velopment of long
distance lines. This
work is wholly carried on by companies licensed by the
American Bell Telephone Company, and using its instru
ments. In this achievement Massachusetts may well
take a peculiar pride. The telephone was invented by
one of her citizens, and its usefulness has been devel
oped and its business built up by Massachusetts men.
Prominent in the councils of the company from the begin
ning has been its present president, John E. Hudson. Mr.
Hudson was born in Lynn, Essex County, Aug. 3, 1839,

I¦
. -

JOHN E. HUDSON.

the son of John and'Elizabeth C. (Hilliard) Hudson. He
was educated at the common schools of that city, and
after graduating from the High School he prepared himself
for college. He was admitted to Harvard in 1858, and
was graduated in the class of 1862, valedictorian summa
cum laude. From 1862 to 1865 he remained in the
university as tutor in Greek, Latin and ancient history,
and, while attending to these duties, took the regular
course of the Law School. He finished his studies in
the office of Messrs.
Chandler, Shattuck &
Thayer, at old No. 4
Court Street, Boston,
and in the fall of
1866 was admitted
to the Massachusetts
bar. In February,
1870, upon the re
tirement of Mr. Shat
tuck, he became a
member of the firm
(Chandler, Thayer &
Hudson until 1874,
and afterwards
Chandler, Ware &
Hudson), and so re
mained until 1878,
when the firm was
dissolved, and he re
turned to his own
practice. In 1879,
with George Fred
Williams, he edited
Vol. 10 of the United
States Digest, intro
ducing a substantially
complete change in
the classification
adopted in that work.
In 1880, on the for
mation of the American Bell Telephone Company, Mr.
Hudson became general counsel of the company and
gradually withdrew from other practice. In 1885, upon
certain changes in the executive offices, he took up the
duties of the general manager, to which were added in
1887 those of the vice-presidency. In 1889 he was
made president. Mr. Hudson is also president of the
American Telephone and Telegraph Company — the
Long Distance Company.

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

A SUCCESSFUL merchant and business man, Mr.
George L. Stevens has acquired an enviable and
honorable position in Boston circles, whether in the
lines of manufacturing and trade or in a social way. He
is the president of the Warren Soap Manufacturing
Company, the largest manufacturers of textile soaps,
wool scourers and chemicals in America, a position
which he fills with great energy and ability. Possessed
of great personal magnetism, he forcibly illustrates in
his personality the
power of self-control
and of convincing
argument in what
ever he seeks to ac
complish, and has
therefore been suc
cessful in a high
degree. Magnani
mous, just and gener-
o u s to a fault, he
wins friendship in
every sphere of ac
tion, and commands
a healthful influence
wherever he is
known. Though he
holds membership in
several important
clubs, social and oth
erwise, he rarely
avails himself of their
privileges, preferring
as a rule the quiet of
the home circle after
the active and ardu
ous duties of the day
are closed. Mr. Ste
vens was born in the
State of Maine forty
years ago. On ac
count of a complication of adverse circumstances, after
receiving his education, he began his busftiess life with
very little aid from any one. Concerning his early life,
Mr. Stevens says : " I knew it would be a hard struggle,
but I determined like Richelieu that there should be no
such word as fail." His ancestry was of the best old Puri
tan stock that, according to the old family genealogy,
came to this country from England between the years
1620 and 1700. One of these, his maternal ancestor,

was John Coolidge, who came from Cambridgeshire and
settled in Watertown in 1630. The subject of this short
biographical sketch is the seventh generation in descent
from Colonel John Phipps, a nephew of the famous Sir
William Phipps, who was governor of New England in
1690, and whose life was written by his personal friend,
Cotton Mather, in his celebrated " Magnalia." From
his revered mother Mr. Stevens early imbibed the pride
of birth, and a spirit of patriotism and love of country,
having heard from
her lips thrilling ac
counts of the perils
which his ancestors
— one of whom was
in the French and
Indian wars, and an
other, his great
grandfather, an
officer in the Revolu
tionary War for seven
years — had under
gone in their heroic
efforts to lay the
foundations of our
government. Pos
sessed of the strictest
commercial integrity,
Air. Stevens's motto
through life has been,
" Pay every man what
thou owest," and the
high standing of the
company, of which he
is the head and chief
factor, is a monument
to his judgment, un
tiring energy and
industry in its build
ing up. The works
of the Warren Soap
Manufacturing Company are in Watertown, Mass., the
headquarters are in Boston, and there is a branch office
in Philadelphia. The Boston office of the company is
on Federal Street. Mr. Stevens is a member of Colum
bian Lodge Free and Accepted Aiasons, St. Paul's
Royal Arch Chapter, Boston Commandery, Knights
Templar, Boston Council of Royal and Select Masters,
and of Massachusetts Consistory. He resides on Alaska
Street, Boston Highlands.

GEORGE L. STEVENS.

BOSTON.

239

AMONG the most successful of the younger genera
tion of newspaper men in Massachusetts stands
Fred Erwin Whiting, who is at present clerk of the cor
poration of the Boston Herald Company, and assistant
business manager of that journal. He is also a director
in the company, and one of three executors of the will
of the late Mr. Pulsifer. He is the son of George Fred
erick and Harriet Louisa (Learned) Whiting, and was
born in Brookline, Norfolk County, Dec. 21, 1857. He
traces his American
ism back to 1643.
His early educational
training was received
in private schools
and the Cambridge
High School. He
was fitted for college
matriculation in the
latter school, entered
Harvard College,
and was graduated
in the class of 1880.
After leaving college
Mr. Whiting was one
year with the Boston
Knob Company, of
which his father was
president. He then
cast his lot with the
Boston Herald, act
ing as private secre
tary to Mr. R. M.
Pulsifer, its manager.
This position carried
with it grave respon
sibility, as during the
absence abroad of
Mr. Pulsifer, the
young secretary's at
tention was called to
the many outside interests of his employer. He dis
played such marked executive ability that in March,
1888, he was admitted as partner in the firm that owned
and published the Herald. It was in May of the same
year, when the entire Herald property was turned over
to the present Boston Herald Company, that, in the ad
justment of matters, Mr. Whiting assumed his present
positions. He became treasurer of the Cambridge
Democratic ward and city committee in 1879, and acted

in that capacity for three years. He is director and
treasurer of the Hotel and Railroad News Company,
treasurer of the Hotel Pemberton Company, and of the
Tuxpan Oil Company. He is a life member of the
Young Men's Christian Union, and a member of the
Masonic order. Mr. Whiting was married in Cambridge
Oct. 10, 1883, to Amy Estelle, daughter of Thomas T.
and Clara Ophelia (Rolfe) Ferguson. Mrs. Whiting is
a lineal descendant of Captain John Rolfe, who married
Pocahontas, the fa
mous Indian maid of
Virginia. Mr. and
Mrs. Whiting have
two children. The
family residence is
at Auburndale. Mr.
Whiting is a young
man of broad grasp
in business methods.
He is e ssen t ially
modern in his ideas,
and is a man of his
day and generation.
He possesses that
executive ability
which isa nat
ural gift, and an
invaluable one to
men engaged in the
turmoil of business
life. He has crowded
into a few years a
wide experience of
men and matters,
covering a broad
field of activities.
To his restless en
ergy and business
vim the Herald owes
much of its present
prosperity, and the reputation of Joeing a live newspaper,
with live men in charge of its destiny. Many of its
brightest ideas and its most successful features have
originated in Mr. Whiting's active mind, and he is ever
on the alert for opportunities to extend the already wide
spread influence of the Herald, which for many years
has ranked among the foremost journals of the country.
The success of Mr. Whiting is well worthy the study
and emulation of all ambitious boys of Massachusetts.

FRED E. WHITING.

240

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

BENJAMIN JOHNSON, manager of the New Eng
land Grocer, is a pioneer in trade journalism in
the United States ; and as the New England Grocer is
the representative of the highest order of an indepen
dent trade journal, so is Air. Johnson a representative
journalist. Mr. Johnson was publishing a paper in
South Reading, Mass., now Wakefield, at the beginning
of the war. In 1862 he joined the navy and served
under Commodore Foote and was present at the taking
of Island No. 10 in
the Alississippi. He
also served under
Admirals Davis,
Walker, Porter and
Winslow. He was
on board the gun
boat Baron de Kalb,
when it was blown up
under the confeder
ate fort on the Yazoo
River in the rear of
Vicksburg. Mr.
Johnson's experience
also includes eight
years' service in the
Boston post-office.
Founded at a time
when trade journal
ism was in its in
fancy, the New Eng-
l a n d Grocer has
grown until it is now
the largest and most
influential grocery
journal in the United
States. Its policy
has always been a
thoroughly inde
pendent one, guided
by principle and right.
The New England Grocer commenced its successful
career more than fifteen years ago. June 6, 1877, was
the date of the initial number, when it was founded by
its present manager, Air. Johnson. At that time it was
a new venture, and the trade was slow to appreciate the
value of having a paper entirely given up to its interests.
In those clays the value of advertising to their customers
was not appreciated by merchants as it is to-day, when
the trade journal exercises a potent influence for good

BENJAMIN JOHNSON

in the special field which it occupies. Not timorously,
but with becoming modesty, the New-England Grocer
started. Its first number had a total of but twelve
pages, but by an intelligent, independent course, and by
an earnest devotion to the best interests of its constit
uency it gained the confidence of the trade. Thus it
grew, and the business pressure upon its columns neces
sitated constant additions to its pages, until at the
present time its regular weekly issue never falls below
sixty pages, but runs
at seventy-two pages
a large part of the
time ; and it some
times reaches a hun
dred. Its circulation
and influence have
fully kept pace with
its mechanical ex
pansion, until now it
reaches each week
practically the entire
trade in every sec
tion of the country,
penetrating the re
motest hamlets of
New England. It
was with the New
England Grocer that
the idea of forming
a grocers' associa
tion originated, and
to-day flourishing or
ganizations exist in
nearly every impor
tant city in the
United States. Mr.
Johnson is a m p 1 y
qualified for the work
to which he devotes
his life. He has a
thoroughly practical knowledge of the business in all its
branches, and is active, energetic, enterprising and pro
gressive. Tn October, 1890, a stock company, under
the title of the New England Retail Grocers' Publishing
Company was formed, the idea being to extend the
influence and usefulness of the paper. Of the present
prosperous corporation Air. Johnson was appointed
the general manager, a position which he holds at the
present time.

BOSTON.

241

SAMUEL ROADS, JR., was born in Marblehead, Mass.,
Oct. 22, 1853. He is the eldest son of Samuel
and Emma L. (Woodfin) Roads, and is the sixth of
the name in direct descent from one of the earliest
settlers of that town. His family traces its lineage back
to several of the most prominent families of New England,
Dr. Elisha Story, an eminent physician and surgeon in
the Continental Army during the War of the Revolution,
being one of his ancestors. Captain John Harris, who
commanded the ship
in which one of the
first emissaries of the
Continental Congress
was conveyed to
France during the
Revolution, and who
subsequently lost his
life in the patriot
cause, was another.
Major John Ruddock,
a prominent ship
builder, selectman
of Boston, and a
conspicuous charac
ter during the colo
nial era, is included
in the list, as are
also the Ornes, the
Roundys and Wood-
fins of Marblehead,
families well-known
among the sturdy
yeomanry of that his
toric old town. Mr.
Roads received his
early education i n
the public schools.
He early developed
a literary talent and
a taste for journal
ism, in which latter profession he has become widely
known. Before coming of age he demonstrated his
ability in this line of work in the conduct of a local
paper published in his native town. He soon formed
connections with the Boston Post, Boston Globe, and
other metropolitan papers, and has since been engaged
in this and other literary work. Mr. Roads is the
author of the interesting and widely read " History
and Traditions of Marblehead," a work published by

Houghton, Osgood & Co., in 1880, which has been
aptly termed by reviewers " a model history of an
American town." His first public office was as a mem
ber of the Board of Trustees of Abbot Public Library
of Marblehead, to which he was elected in 1883. In
November of that year he was elected a member of the
House of Representatives, and served by continuous
re-elections during the sessions of 1884, 1885 and 1886.
In 1887 and 1888 he was a member of the State Senate,
representing the
second Essex dis
trict, comprising the
city of Salem and
the towns of Marble
head and Beverly.
The district has a
large Republican
majority, but Mr.
Roads, though a
Democrat in poli
tics, was twice
elected by phenom
enal majorities. In
1888 he received the
honor of a unani-
m o u s nomination
for representative in
Congress by the
Democrats of the
seventh congres
sional district, and
though defeated at
the polls after a most
spirited contest,
demonstrated h i s
popularity as a can
didate by receiving
nearly one thousand
votes ahead of his
party ticket. Mr.
Roads has shown marked ability in the public positions
to which he has been called, and while in the Legisla
ture was recognized as one of the leading members of
his party. He commanded respect and won merited
encomiums for his strength and force as a debater, and
the tact and talent exhibited in the management of the
many important measures in which he took a lively
interest. In 1891 he was appointed private sec
retary to the governor, a position which he still holds.

SAMUEL ROADS, JR.

242

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

THE oldest newspaper editor in New England, and
perhaps in America to-day, is Patrick Donahoe,
owner of the Boston Pilot. His life has been a long
series of successes and reverses, of struggles and victo
ries, until to-day he stands at the head of the most
influential, among the distinctively Catholic, newspapers
of the United States, and is the most respected and
widely known among the Irish American newspaper
men of this Republic. Thoroughly, though not obtru
sively Irish and Cath
olic in his opinions,
he enjoys the good
will and esteem of
his fellow-c i t i z e n s
and countrymen
without distinction
of creed, and is
looked upon as one
of the best and
truest types of his
race and religion.
Mr. Donahoe is
seventy-seven years
old, having been
born in Mummery,
parish of Kilmore,
County Cavan, Ire
land, March 17,
1 81 5. When a lad
he came to Boston,
and learned the
type-setting business
in the office of the
Columbian Centinel.
Soon after he took
charge, in conjunc
tion with Mr. Deve
reaux, of a paper
called the Jesuit,
which had been pub
lished for a short time by Bishop Fenwick, and changed
its name to the Literary and Catholic Sentinel. Later
on, in 1836, Messrs. Donahoe and Devereaux estab
lished the Pilot, which after more than half a century
of existence, is still the great exponent of Catholic
doctrines in New England. By Mr. Donahoe's exer
tions the Pilot was made an extraordinary success, and
so it remained up to the disastrous fire of 1872, when
Mr. Donahoe's splendid building and printing materials

PATRICK DONAHOE

were destroyed a second time, resulting in a loss to him
of §300,000. Soon after he was burned out a third
time. The panic followed, and the friends who had
loaned him money were compelled, reluctantly, to with
draw their assistance from him. But with sublime faith
in the goodness of Providence, he placed his property
at the disposal of his creditors, although it had so depre
ciated in value that it did not realize anything near its
proper value. Archbishop Williams and John Boyle
O'Reilly, however,
purchased the entire
plant of the Pilot,
between them, and
Air. Donahoe's
creditors were paid
off in yearly instal
ments. The national
fame of the Pilot
was maintained, and
i t s circulati o n
increased, under the
editorship of the
lamented O'Reilly,
until, on his death, it
once more passed
into the hands of
the man who had
founded it, and is
to-day conducted by
him with all the fire
and enthusiasm of his
youth. Fifty years
ago Mr. Donahoe
established a foreign
exchange and pas
senger agency which
he still conducts,
and in 1878 founded
" Donahoe's Monthly
Alagazine," which
has attained wide circulation and popularity. It has
recently passed into other hands. Mr. Donahoe was
twice married; first in 1836, and again in 1853. One
son, Air. Chrysostom P. Donahoe, survives, of the first
marriage, while of the three sons and a daughter, the
offspring of the second marriage, perhaps the best
known is Mr. J. Frank Donahoe, organist of the Cathe
dral of the Holy Cross, a prime favorite in Boston's
musical circles.

BOSTON.

243

REV. DENNIS O'CALLAGHAN, pastor of St.
Augustine's Church, South Boston, Mass., is one
of the most able and eloquent priests in New England,
while he has as well that cordiality of manner that wins
the love of his own people and the respect of all.
Father O'Callaghan was born in Ireland about fifty-three
years ago, but when he was very young his parents
emigrated to this country and settled in Salem, Mass.,
where the subject of this sketch received his early edu
cation. Later he
entered St. Charles
College, near Balti
more, Maryland, and
from thence went to
St. Mary's Seminary,
Mt. St. Mary's, Mary
land, where he com
pleted his theological
studies, being or
dained priest by the
late Archbishop
Bayley, of Baltimore,
June 29, 1865.
Coming immediately
to Boston, Father
O'Callaghan served
for two years as as
sistant priest of SS.
Peter and Paul's
Church, South Bos
ton, at the end of
which time the
Catholic population
had grown to such
proportions as to de
mand the formation
of another parish in
that district. There
fore to Father O'Cal-
laghan was com
mitted the task of organizing and caring for the new
parish, and he entered upon the work Aug. 22, 1868.
The only place of worship available for the new congre
gation was the little mortuary chapel of St. Augustine,
which, for the second time in its history, had to serve
the purposes of a parish until such time as more suitable
accommodation was provided. Father O'Callaghan has
that happy faculty of winning the hearty co-operation of
his people, because he believes in them and they in him,

DENNIS O'CALLAGHAN.

and it was not long before pastor and people set to
work unitedly and enthusiastically to provide themselves
with a parish church and property in every way credit
able to them. This united work crystallized in the pur
chase of the land on Dorchester Street, and the erection
thereon of the magnificent church, costing over two
hundred and fifty thousand dollars, and which is one of
the most attractive and beautiful in the State, con
structed of brick, with granite trimmings, and of the
Gothic order of ar
chi tec ture. This
beautiful church was
dedicated Aug. 30,
1874, and two years
later, being entirely
out of debt, it en
tered the list of the
very few consecrated
churches in the city
of Boston. In addi
tion to this church,
through the labors of
Father O'Callaghan,
the parish enjoys a
beautiful parochial
residence, and a
splendid parish hall,
the latter built in
1888, at a cost of
thirty-five thousand
dollars. The inde
fatigable pastor is
now engaged in the
erection of a schoo'
building, which will
be one of the finest
in the State, and will
cost upwards of one
hundred thousand.
As a preacher,
Father O'Callaghan's fame extends far beyond the limits
of the Boston archdiocese, and he is in eager demand
when the pressure of his parish duties admit of his
appearance outside his parish pulpit. A zealous priest,
a broad-minded, cultured gentleman, and a public-
spirited citizen, he is respected by all classes of people
in South Boston, among whom he has lived and labored
with such distinguished success for more than a quarter
of a century.

244

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

J EDWARD ADDICKS, president of the Boston
. Gas Light Company, was born in Philadelphia,
Nov. 21, 1841, son of John E. C. O'S. and Margretta
McLeod (Turner) Addicks. He is a lineal descendant
of Donal O'Sullivan Beare, of Dunboy Castle, County
York, Ireland. O'Sullivan was chief of Beare and Ban-
try, and leader of the Alunster forces in the religious
war against Elizabeth. He died, Earl of Bearhaven, in
1604, at the age of fifty-seven, in Spain. Mr. Addicks
is the grandson of
Barbara O'Sullivan,
who married John
Edward Charles Ad
dicks, German con
sul to Philadelphia.
She was the friend
of John Alarshall and
Daniel Webster, and
wrote, among other
works, a series of es
says on " Education,
treated as a Natural
Science," the first of
which was read at
the Franklin Insti
tute, Philadelphia, in
January, 1831. Her
father was AI a j o r
Thomas Herbert
O'Sullivan Beare, of
Bearhaven, Ireland.
Of the same blood
was Owen Sullivan,
born in Limerick, in
1692, and father of
Major-General John
and Governor James
Sullivan, of Revolu
tionary fame. Air.
Addicks's name,
which he uses only among his books, is John Edward
Charles O'Sullivan Addicks. He wears the ancient
family ring, cut with the arms of O'Sullivan Beare. His
great-great-grandmother on his mother's side was Lady
Arabella Galbraith, of Scotland, who incurred her father's
displeasure by marrying a plain gentleman, a Mr.
McNeilus. They came to this country and settled in
Philadelphia. In 1864 Mr. Addicks married Laura
Wattson, eldest daughter of Washington and Mary

J. EDWARD ADDICKS.

Elizabeth Butcher, of Philadelphia. By her he had one
daughter, Florence. Three years after his wife's death
he married Rosalie, second daughter of the same
parents. Mr. Addicks was educated in the public
schools of Philadelphia, entering the high school num
ber one, and graduating when fifteen years of age.
Until he was nineteen years old he was in a wholesale
dry goods house, when he entered the flour business
of Levi Knowles, and was made a partner on attaining
his majority. The
energy which subse
quently characterized
him brought him
great success, mak
ing him the foremost
man in his line in
Philadelphia, when,
three years later, he
commenced business
alone. He was largely
instrumental in intro
ducing the spring
wheat flours of the
Minnesota region to
the Eastern sea
board. Air. Addicks
afterward became
prominent in real es
tate operations in
Philadelphia. Early
in 1877 he removed
his residence to Clay-
mont, Del., a suburb
of Philadelphia, of
which place he has
since been a citizen.
Shortly thereafter his
attention was called
to the use of water
gas for illumination,
then an infant industry. In connection with this indus
try Mr. Addicks has become widely known throughout
the United States, and has been closely identified with
its progress. He built gas works in Jersey City, also
for the Consumers' Gas Company, of Chicago, the lat
ter leading to the formation of the well known Chicago
Gas Trust. In 1884 the Bay State Gas Company of
Boston was organized, Mr. Addicks being its originator
and the first to establish water gas works in that city.

BOSTON.

H5

HENRY MELVILLE WHITNEY is the president of
the West End Street Railway Company of Bos
ton — a system more comprehensive than any other
street railway system in the world. He was born in the
small town of Conway, Franklin County, Alass., Oct. 22,
1839. At that time his father, General James S. Whit
ney, kept an old-fashioned store. General Whitney was
a Democrat of the Jacksonian school, and the idol of
his community. His vote when in the Legislature
decided the election
o f Charles Sumner
to the United States
Senate; subse
quently, from 1854
to i860, he was su
perintendent of the
United States Armory
at Springfield, and
was then appointed
collector of the port
of Boston. His death
occurred Oct. 24,
1878. Young Whit
ney's home was made
happy and charming
by the presence of a
good mother, L a u -
rinda (Collins)
Whitney, who is still
living. He acquired
the rudiments of his
education in the pub
lic schools which he
completed with a
course of study a t
Williston Seminary,
at Easthampton.
Shortly after the re
moval of his father
from Springfield he
returned to Conway as clerk in the Conway Bank, which
position he held for three years. In i860 his parents
removed to Boston, where General Whitney became
identified with important enterprises ; notably the Bos
ton Water Power Company and the Metropolitan Steam
ship Company. The son in the meantime had passed
two years in the Bank of Redemption, some time as a
clerk in the Naval Agent's office, and afterwards was
engaged in the shipping business in New York. In

HENRY M. WHITNEY.

1866 he became Boston agent of the Metropolitan
Steamship Company, and in 1870, after he had obtained
possession of the stock which had depreciated in value,
he became president, a position which he still holds.
From that time Mr. Whitney has been regarded as a
keen and far-seeing business man. In 1886 Mr. Whit
ney quietly purchased large tracts of land along the line
of Beacon Street, Brookline. He invested nearly a mil
lion himself and formed a syndicate, which has resulted
i n the building o f
one of the most beau
tiful suburban boule
vards in the country.
The scheme was
financially very suc
cessful. Air. Whitney
was next instrumen
tal in building the
railway connecting
Boston and Brook
line, which was called
the West End Street
Railway. His next
great achievement
was the consolidating
of this system vvith
all the street railways
centering in Boston,
forming a splendid
system, of which he
is the efficient head.
His study of the elec
tric systems for street
cars, and the adop-
t i o n of the trolley
system in Boston,
with the result of the
appreciation of sub
urban property one
hundred per cent,
are matters of record. Mr. Whitney is also president of
the Neverslip Horse Shoe and Hancock Inspirator com
panies, trustee of the West End Land Company, and
chairman of the Board of Park Commissioners of Brook
line. Mr. Whitney owns a magnificent place on Jerusa
lem Road, Cohasset, but makes Brookline his home.
In this town he met Miss Alargaret Foster Green, whom
he married in 1878. This union was blessed with a son
and four daughters.

246

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

THE colossal express business of the United States
had its birthplace in Massachusetts, and was de
veloped by the genius of Alvin Adams. Mr. Adams
was born in Andover, Vt., June 16, 1804, where he lived
until his parents died, when he was eight years of age.
He was then cared for by an elder brother, a farmer,
until sixteen years old, when he obtained permission to
seek his own living. He went to Woodstock, at that
time a great centre of travel by stages, where he re
mained about four
years, and then came
to Boston. He en
gaged in business
ventures with varying
success until, in 1840,
he started the express
business that has
since borne his name.
There was another
in the field, and
friends advised the
venturesome Adams
that he would surely
fail in his scheme,
for there could not
be sufficient business
between Boston and
New York for two
lines ; but he fore
saw the great possi
bilities in the enter
prise and devoted all
his energy to increase
them. Previous to
the existence of ex
press companies,
those who had occa
sion to send packages
or valuables to other
places entrusted them
to the care of acquaintances or friends, whom they bur
dened with the responsibility of delivery. It was a
daily sight at the stations to see would-be senders
searching for passengers willing to accommodate them
by taking charge of their parcels. Mr. Adams apprecia
ted the absurdity of this old-fashioned system and set
resolutely to work to reform it. He seized his oppor
tunity and, starting with limited patronage, gradually
won the confidence of the people and concentrated in

himself the business of forwarding for all. The first
express to New York left Boston, May 4, 1840. The
convenience was soon appreciated by the public, and in
a short time he was entrusted with goods by merchants
and money packages by banks. He associated himself
with Ephraim Farnsworth, under the name of Adams &
Co. Farnsworth took charge of the New York office,
but soon retired, and was succeeded by William B.
Dinsmore, a valued friend of Mr. Adams and a zealous
officer of the com
pany. For several
years the business
was limited to Bos
ton, Norwich, New
London and New
York City. In 1850
the line was ex-
tended to Califor
nia, with agencies in
every town and camp.
It increased so rapid
ly, that in 1854 the
Adams Express Com
pany was formed by
the union of Adams
& Co., Harnden &
Co., Thompson &
Co. and Kinsley &
Co., with Alvin
Adams as president.
During the Civil War
the Adams Express
Company was of
great assistance to
the government in
forwarding military
supplies, and was the
recognized agent for
transporting all gov-
ernment securities
and money. Its employees were at the front to receive
from soldiers their pay, and take it to their families and
friends. The company employs about nine thousand
five hundred men, and owns three thousand horses and
two thousand wagons. Its offices number about six
thousand, and its mileage is about forty-five thousand.
Air. Adams died Sept. 1, 1877, at Watertown, Mass.,
which had been his place of residence for very many
years.

ALVIN ADAMS

BOSTON.

247

FOR twenty-eight years — from i860 to 1888 —
Frederick Octavius Prince was a conspicuous
figure in every national Democratic convention, and
for a still longer period he has been actively identified
with many important public interests of Boston and of
the Commonwealth. He was born in Boston, Jan. 18,
1818, the son of Thomas and Caroline Prince: Enter
ing the Boston Latin School in 1827, he was graduated
in 1832, receiving the Franklin medal and two other
medals for scholar
ship. He then ma
triculated at Har
vard, from which he
graduated in 1836,
being the class poet
and secretary. The
following year he
began the study of
law in the office of
Franklin Dexter and
William H. Gardiner,
Boston, and was ad
mitted to the Suffolk
bar in 1840. He
soon began to take
part in active politi
cal life and allied
himself with the
Whig party. In
1848 he established
his residence in
Winchester, and in
1851, 1852 and 1853
represented that dis
trict in the Massa
chusetts House of
Representatives,
where his stirring
appeals for political
reform soon estab
lished his reputation. He was a member of the Con
stitutional Convention in 1853, and in the same year
was elected to the State Senate. In i860, upon the
disruption of the Whig party, Mr. Prince transferred
his allegiance to the Democracy, and was sent as a
delegate to the National Democratic Convention in
Charleston. When the convention broke up, without
agreeing upon a presidential candidate, Mr. Prince
adhered to the Douglas wing of the party and at the

Baltimore convention was chosen secretary of the
National Democratic Committee, a position which he
continued to hold until 1888. Although unanimously
elected in that year, he resigned, receiving a resolution
of thanks for the "unflagging zeal and distinguished
ability" vvith which he had served. In 1876 he was
nominated for mayor by the Democrats of Boston, and
although his party was in the minority, he was elected.
Renominated the following year, he was only defeated
after a hotly con
tested election. In
1878 he was re
elected mayor, and
in the three follow
ing years was re
turned to the same
office. He declined
a renomination in
1882. His adminis
tration of the city
government was
notable in many
respects. He was
unwearied in his
efforts to reform
municipal expendi
tures, and during his
first term of office
succeeded in reduc
ing expenses more
than half a million
dollars. He was
energetic in his
efforts to secure a
system of public
parks for the city,
and its final adop
tion and subsequent
layout are largely due
to him. He contrib
uted not a little to the successful completion of Boston's
improved sewerage system. The handsome buildings
of the high and Latin schools were also erected through
his influence. In 1885 he was nominated for governor,
but was defeated on a strictly party vote. Air. Prince
has long been a trustee of the Boston Public Library,
and in 1888 was appointed to the board that had exclu
sive control of the construction of the new library. To
this great work he is now giving his whole attention.

FREDERICK 0. PRINCE.

248

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

P

ROBABLY no practitioner of medicine and sur
gery has a wider acquaintance, locally, than
Medical Examiner Francis Augustine Harris, of the
northern district of Suffolk County, which includes the
West and North Ends of Boston, Charlestown, Chelsea,
Revere and Winthrop. He was born in Ashland,
Mass., March 5, 1845. His early education was obtained
there and at Rindge, N. H., where he for a time lived
vvith his grandparents. He afterwards resided; vvith his
father, a practitioner
of medicine at Ar-
1 i n g t o n (formerly
West Cambridge),
Mass. He f i 1 1 e d
for college at the
Boston Latin School
and matriculated in
1862 and was grad
uated from Harvard
in 1866. He
studied medicine
in the Harvard Med
ical School, receiving
his degree in 1872.
While engaged in the
study of medicine he
served as a master in
the Boston Latin
School three years,
and in 187 1 was sur
gical house officer at
the Alassachusetts
General Hospi tal.
He afterward passed
a year in the study
of his profession in
the hospital at
Vienna. He was
demonstrator of
medico-legal exami
nations in the Harvard Medical School for a number
of years. At Harvard he was a member of the Univer
sity ball nine, the first one at the college. Among
his classmates were William Blaikie, the noted athlete
who stroked the University boat to victory and subse
quently wrote a treatise on college athletics ; Dr.
Charles Brigham, of San Francisco ; Moorfield Storey, of
Boston, and others who have achieved prominence.
Dr. Harris was also for a number of years professor

of surgery in the Boston Dental College. He is a mem
ber of the Massachusetts Aledical Society and the
Aledico-Legal Society. He was one of the earliest
members of the celebrated Papyrus Club, a social organ
ization of editorial and other writers, a distinguished
coterie, which included Dr. Francis H. Underwood,
Henry Al. Rogers, John Boyle O'Reilly, Dr. Robert D.
Joyce, Alexander Young and George AL Towle. He was
president of the club in 1882 and is still a member,
taking an active part
in its meetings. He
is a member of the
St. Botolph Club,
another organization
of artists and littera
teurs, and he was
also one of the found
ers of the Univer
sity Club. A lover
of the drama, he has
devoted some of his
leisure hours to play-
writing. Among his
productions are
" Chums," " Class-
day," " A Alajority of
One," "The Ameri
can Claimant," and
" Aly Son," the latter
having an extensive
run at the Boston
Museum and at Wal-
lack's in New York,
and being played
through the country
by the late John Ray
mond. The leading
role of this play,
"Herr We igel,"
afforded the la
mented William Warren the opportunity for one of
the finest efforts of his later years. Dr. Harris has
contributed very much to the periodical literature of
the day. In addition to his official duties, which are
arduous and dangerous, so much so that in 1880 he
nearly lost his life in the discharge of his duty, he has a
not inconsiderable private practice. With an extensive
knowledge of the many causes of death, his services are
often sought as expert in the courts of law.

FRANCIS A. HARRIS.

BOSTON.

249

WILLIAM H. HILL, one of the leading financiers
of Boston, has made his own fortune and has
secured an honorable name among the enterprising,
successful and reliable men of affairs in the city of his
birth. He was born in Boston July 14, 1838, and was
the only son of William H. and Abby F. (Remich) Hill.
His father was a well-known merchant, who for many
years maintained a high standing in the business com
munity of Boston, and was widely honored for his
sagacity and integ
rity. Mr. Hill at
tended public and ^__
private schools in
Boston and Roxbury,
and graduated from
the Roxbury High
School. He early
entered business life,
taking a position as
clerk in the publish
ing house of Sanborn,
Carter & Bazin, and
continuing vvith their
successors, Brown,
Taggard & Chase.
At the age of twenty-
one Air. Hill became
a partner in the firm
of Chase, Nichols &
Hill, publishers. Two
years later he retired
from this firm, con
tinuing, however, in
the book and pub
lishing business,
under his own name
for a period of six
years, until the spring
of 1869. On the first
of November in that
year, the present banking house of Richardson, Hill &
Co. was established, and has ever since occupied a place
in the foremost rank of Boston's private banking institu
tions. Its offices are now located in the Simmons
Building on Water Street. Besides attending to the
duties of his large and growing business, Air. Hill is also
a trustee of several estates, and is interested, as presi
dent or director, in many important corporations. He
is president and general manager of the Boston & Ban-

WILLIAM H. HILL

gor Steamship Company ; is a director of the Boston
Merchants' Association ; a member of the Boston Cham
ber of Commerce, the Boston Stock Exchange, the
Bostonian Society and the Bunker Hill Monument Asso
ciation. As president or as director, he is prominently
identified with the following corporations : the United
States Rubber Company, the Boston Marine Insurance
Company, the First National Bank of Boston, the First
National Bank of Adams, Mass., the Assabet Manufactur
ing Company, the
Windsor Mills, the
International Steam
ship Company, the
Brookline Gas Light
Company, the Citi
zens' Gas Light
Company, of Quincy,
Alass., and numerous
other corporations.
His time and atten
tion are thus wholly-
employed. Mr. Hill
does not, however,
allow the cares of an
active business ca
reer to interfere with
the amenities of so
cial and family life.
He is a member of
many clubs, includ
ing the Algonquin,
the Boston Athletic
Association, the
Brookline, the Coun
try, the Colonial, the
Exchange, the Tar-
ratine, the Oasis and
various others. Mr.
Hill has been singu
larly fortunate in his
business ventures, and his success is wholly due to him
self. He was married in Boston, Jan. 8, 1863, to Sarah
E., daughter of William B. and Susan J. (Warren) May.
Their children are : Warren May, Harold St. James,
Alarion, Clarence Harvey, Spencer Richardson, Ernest
Lawrence, William Henry Reginald, Donald Mackay,
Barbara, Philip Sanford and Kenneth Amory Hill, of
whom Harold, Barbara and Philip are deceased. Mr.
Hill's residence is in Brookline, Mass.

250

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

v...,

MASSACHUSETTS is rich in men who have distin
guished themselves in their youth. In the cate
gory of her bright young manhood she numbers Charles
Sumner Hamlin. The Hamlin family has long been
honorably identified with the public life of New Eng
land. The Hon. Hannibal Hamlin was Vice-President
of the United States in the hour of the Nation's greatest
peril, and his name in history is indissolubly connected
with that of the great Lincoln. Living to see the coun-
t r y reconstructed,
happy, united and
prosperous, his ca
reer as a public man,
well rounded and
honorable, has but
recently drawn to a
close. This unique
and rugged New
England statesman
was a cousin of Ed
ward Sumner Ham
lin (the father of
Charles S. Hamlin),
a direct descendant
of Major Eleazer
Hamlin, of Harwich,
who commanded a
regiment in the War
of the Revolution.
Edward Sumner
Hamlin was num
bered among Bos
ton's most promi
nent merchants.
His son, Charles
Sumner Hamlin, was
born in Boston, Aug.
30, 1861. He re
ceived his early edu
cation in the public
schools of Boston, and afterwards attended the Rox
bury Latin School, from which institution he graduated
in 1879. He entered Harvard University, graduating in
the class of 1883, receiving the degree of bachelor of
arts ; he next entered the Harvard Law School and re
ceived the degree of bachelor of laws in 1886. In the
same year he received the degree of master of arts.
Mr. Hamlin devotes himself to the practice of law as a
profession, and his large practice continues to make

CHARLES S. HAMLIN

increasing demands upon his time. He has entered
into partnership with Mr. Marcus Morton, the law firm
being Morton & Hamlin, with offices in the Equitable
Building, Boston. Mr. Hamlin is a member of the
Suffolk bar. He has devoted much time to public ques
tions and has written and published much upon political
and financial subjects, the question of tariff legislation
being one to which he has devoted much time and
study. He is a prolific as well as lucid writer, and pos
sesses the power of
putting a seemingly
dry subject in a sim
ple, attractive light.
At the Massachu-
setts Democratic
State Convention
held at Boston, 1892,
Air. Hamlin was
nominated by ac
clamation for the
office of Secretary of
State. Mr. Hamlin
is a member of many
public bodies. He is
secretary of the New
England Tariff Re
form League ; chair
man of the finance
committee of the
Alassachusetts Dem
ocratic State Com
mittee ; a member of
the executive com
mittee of the Young
Men's Democratic
Club of Massachu
setts ; a member of
the Alassachusetts
Reform Club; a
member of the Civil
Service League, and of the New York Reform Club. In
addition to his political affiliations Air. Hamlin gives
some attention to the social side of life. He is a mem
ber of the executive committee of the University Club.
In addition to this he has a membership in the Puritan,
Longvvood and Exchange clubs ; is an active member of
that famous musical society, the Apollo Club, and many
other social and charitable organizations. Air. Hamlin's
public career has been launched with exceptional vigor.

BOSTON.

251

THE John P. LoveU Arms Company of Boston is
known wherever sporting goods and bicycles are
sold and used. Colonel Benjamin S. Lovell, the treas
urer of the corporation, is in the front rank of Boston's
business men. He was born in East Weymouth, Mass.,
July 10, 1844, and was the son of John P. and Lydia
(Dyer) Lovell. He was educated in the public schools
of Weymouth. Imbued with the patriotic spirit of his
sires, he enlisted in Company A, Forty-second Regi
ment, Massachusetts
Volunteers, at the
early age of eighteen.
His services under
" Old Glory ," during
the darkest period
of the great civil con
flict, is a matter of
special pride to Colo
nel Lovell, and there
is a particularly warm
spot in his heart for
all who wore the blue.
He has been an ac
tive and persistent
worker for the vet
erans, in pressing
their claims for pen
sions, and has been
signally successful in
securing them. His
services are always
at the command of
his comrades, and he
has spent time and
money without stint
in their behalf. He
joined Reynolds Post
58, G. A. R.,in 1870,
was elected senior
vice-commander till
1876, when he was elected commander and held the
position for fourteen consecutive years, positively de
clining longer to accept the office, on account of the
growing demand of his business upon his time. Not
withstanding this, he was re-elected for the fifteenth
term, and only the most persistent efforts on his part
induced his comrades to accept his declination for the
reasons stated. He was junior vice-commander in 1880,
senior-vice in 1881, and declined the nomination for

department commander in 1882. He was aide-de-camp
to General John C. Robinson, commander-in-chief of
the National Encampment of 1877 and 1878. He was
also a delegate to the National Encampment of 1886;
a member of the Council of Administration of 1887 ;
served on the staff of General Alger in 1889, and was a
member of General Palmer's staff in 1892. During the
administrations of Governor John D. Long, in 1880, 1881
and 1882, Colonel Lovell was a member of His Excel
lency's s t aff. He
was a delegate to the
Republican National
Conventions of 1880,
1884, 1888 and 1892.
He was also a Re
publican presidential
elector from Massa
chusetts in 1892. He
was for several years
the chairman of the
Weymouth Town
Committee. He was
in the Legislature of
1877, 1878, 1886
and 1887. He served
on the Committee on
Mercantile Affairs
and on the Railroad
and Redistricting
committees In the
session of 1886 he
loyally devoted his
time and influence
to advocating the
Soldiers' Exemption
Bill, which was then
being agitated. In
1883 he was elected
to the State Senate
and served on the
following committees : Harbor and Public Lands, Alili-
tary Affairs, Hoosac Tunnel, and Troy & Greenfield
Railroad. He is prominent in Alasonic and Odd Fel
lows' circles. His home is a particularly happy one.
He married in Weymouth, Nov. 13, 1867, Miss M.
Anna, daughter of Jonathan and Mercy Holmes. They
have two children, L. Charlotte and Helen Isabel Lovell.
His public career has been in many respects singularly
active and useful.

BENJAMIN S. LOVELL

252

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

IN the multiplicity of public and private offices which
he has held during many years in Alassachusetts,
Samuel N. Aldrich has never been so situated that he
was unable to acquit himself with honor and credit.
That he is a citizen of varied attainments, is attested by
the fact that he is equally at home in the office of the
lawyer, the chair of the bank president, the presidency
of a railroad, or the assistant-treasurership of the United
States. Samuel Nelson Aldrich, son of Sylvanus Bucklin
and Lucy Jane (Stod
dard) Aldrich, was
born in Upton, Wor
cester County, Feb.
3, 1838. His educa
tion was obtained at
the Worcester and
Southington, Conn.,
academies, and at
Brown University,
Providence, R. I.
Subsequently he
taught schools at
Upton, Holliston
and Worcester, Mass.
He entered upon the
study of law with
Hon. Isaac Davis
and E. B. Stoddard,
at Worcester, and
completed the same
at the Harvard Law
School. In 186 3
Mr. Aldrich was ad
mitted to the bar,
and then com
menced practice at
Alarlborough. Since
1874 he has kept an
office in Boston,
though retaining his
residence in Alarlborough and living in Boston during
the winter. In the public affairs of Alarlborough Mr.
Aldrich has been prominent. He was for nine years on
the School Committee, and four years on the Board of
Selectmen, officiating as chairman of both. He has
been a director of the People's National Bank of Marl
borough, president of the Alarlborough Board of Trade ;
president of the Framingham & Lowell Railroad (now
a portion of the Old Colony system), and president

of the Central Massachusetts Railroad. In 1879 Mr.
Aldrich was elected to the State Senate, where he served
as chairman of the Committee on Taxation, and was
also a member of the Committee on Bills in the Third
Reading, and on Constitutional Amendments. In 1880
he was again a member of the State Senate, serving on
the Judiciary Committee. In 1883 he was a member of
the House, and served on the Judiciary Committee. In
1880] he was the Democratic candidate for Congress
from the seventh
Massachusetts dis
trict. In March,
1887, Mr. Aldrich
was appointed by
President Cleveland
assistant treasurer of
the United States at
Boston, which posi
tion he resigned in
December, 1890, to
accept the presi
dency of the State
National Bank, No.
40 State Street, Bos
ton, which position
he now holds. Be
sides this, he is a
member of the Suf
folk bar, is in the
practice of his pro
fession, and is still
president of the
Central Alassachu
setts Railroad. Air.
Aldrich married in
1865, at Lip ton,
Alary J., daughter of
J. T. and Eliza A.
McFarland. They
have a son, Harry
M. Aldrich, now in the Harvard Law School. In Alarl
borough, his place of residence, he is respected as a
public-spirited citizen, ever ready to devote his time
freely to the aid of his town and townsmen. As a
legislator, his work has been appreciated throughout
the State. As a financier he is considered one of the
ablest and safest men of the time. As a lawyer he has
a high standing at the Massachusetts bar. His winter
residence is in Boston.

SAMUEL N. ALDRICH.

BOSTON.

253

THE commanding position which the Boston Herald
has held for over twenty-five years as a leader of
the political thought of the nation was won and main
tained largely by the ability of its editor-in-chief,
Edwin B. Haskell. His excellent judgment and his
brilliant editorial talents enabled him to guide the
Herald between partisan extremes, and make it a widely
recognized conservative power and authority. His
graceful diction, terse, direct and keen, combined with
the virile power of
argumentation, and
a strong sense of
humor, made his
editorials extensively
quoted and com
mented upon from
Maine to California
during his active
journalistic career.
Mr. Haskell was
born in Livermore,
Me., Aug. 24, 1837.
His father was Moses
Greenleaf Haskell,
and his mother Ro-
silla Haines, daugh
ter of Captain Peter
Haines, who emi
grated from New
Hampshire to Maine
in 1795. Mr. Has
kell was educated in
the district school,
and at Kent's Hill
Seminary, and was
prepared for college
at the age of sixteen.
Circumstances, how
ever, prevented him
from going to col
lege, and when he was seventeen years old he entered
the office of the Portland Advertiser, then edited by
Henry Carter. After staying in the Advertiser office for
one year, and learning the trade of type-setting, he went
to New Orleans and worked there and at Baton Rouge
as a journeyman printer, until June, 1856. He then
returned to Boston and took a situation on the Saturday
Evening Gazette, then published by the late William \\\
Clapp, who was subsequently editor of the Boston Jour-

EDWIN B. HASKELL

nal. In the spring of 1857 Mr. Haskell was employed
on the Journal as compositor and reporter, and went to
the Boston Herald as reporter in the spring of i860.
The Herald was then owned and managed by Colonel
E. C. Bailey, who quickly discovered Mr. Haskell's
newspaper abilities, and added him to his staff of edito
rial writers. In that position he remained until 1865,
when he and four other employees of the Herald pur
chased the paper of Colonel Bailey. Mr. Haskell was
then installed as edi
tor-in-chief, a posi
tion which, with the
exception of a year's
absence in Europe,
he held uninterrupt
edly until October,
1887, when he sold
a large share of his
third proprietary in
terest in the Herald.
Since then he has
had nothing to do
with the manage
ment of the paper
save as one of the
directory of the
Boston Plerald Com
pany, which suc
ceeded the partner
ship under the firm
name of R. M. Pul
sifer & Co. Mr.
Haskell is chief
owner of the Minne
apolis Journal, of
which his son, Wil
liam E., is associate
editor. Mr. Haskell
was married in
August, 1861, to
Celia, daughter of Jonas and Joanna (Hubbard) Hill, of
Fayette, Me. Of this union were seven children, of
whom four are living. In 1877-78, accompanied by his
family and a small number of invited friends, Mr. Has
kell visited Europe, and wrote a unique descriptive serial
sketch in the Herald of the "Adventures of the Scrib
bler Family Abroad." His fortunate professional career
has been happily matched by his social and domestic
life at his home in Auburndale.

= 54

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

IN Boston's Italian population of many thousand, Dr.
Joseph Pagani holds a prominent and honored
place. He is known by almost every one of his com
patriots in the city, among whom he has built up an
extensive practice, and he also occupies an enviable
position in the medical world. Dr. Pagani was born in
Borgomanero, Italy, Feb. 13, 1836, and is the son of the
Hon. John Baptiste and Paolina Bolchini. Dr. Pagani's
father was a noted professor of chemistry, and the
family traces its an
cestry, of which
nearly all the male
members were pro
fessional men, back
fully two hundred
and fifty years. Dr.
Pagani's mother was
a daughter of the
Hon. Joseph Bol
chini, who was lieu
tenant-governor un
der the first kingdom
of Italy. Captain
Constantino Pagani,
a brother of the doc
tor, was an officer in
the famous "One
Thousand," who,
under the command
of General Garibaldi,
freed and took pos
session of the Sicil
ian province. He
was killed in action,
and to commemo
rate his bravery a
marble monument
has been erected at
the gate of the City
Hall in Borgomanero.
Dr. Pagani was educated in the schools of his native
town, and early evinced a liking for the study of medi
cine. In fact, it was a sort of family understanding
from his infancy that he would become either a chemist
or a physician. After the completion of his prepara
tory studies he entered the University of Pavaie, and
upon his graduation received his diploma as a regular
physician. He then pursued his medical studies and
was graduated with high honors from the Emula/.ione

JOSEPH PAGANI.

Aledicale Societa of Rome, the University of Palermo,
the Instituto Accademico Umberto I. at Livorno, and
the Sodalizio Alargherita at Naples. His practice in
his native country was a large and remunerative one,
but, like many other young Italians, he determined to
come to America, and in 1868 he arrived in New York.
Not liking the metropolis, however, he did not settle
there, but soon after came to Boston. Here he took
the offices at No. 356 Hanover Street, which he still
occupies, his large
practice at the North
End making it im
possible for him to
remove to any other
quarter of the city.
His residence, how
ever, is at No. 50
Marlborough Street.
Ten years ago, dur
ing the visit of Dom
Pedro to the United
States, the latter con-
ferred upon Dr.
Pagani the title of
Chevalier de Buenos
Ayres. This is not
the only title vvith
which the doctor has
been honored, for in
June, 1892, he
learned that he had
been made Cazique
and Baron Roxley in
the Aryan peerage,
from the noted Aryan
Order of Russia.
Dr. Pagani is a mem
ber of various medi
cal societies, includ
ing the Academie de
Medicine in Paris, and the Societa Aledicale di Roma.
In 1868 he was married to Miss Fanny Jeaneret, of New
York, a most accomplished Swiss lady. They have
three children, the eldest daughter, who is a famous
Boston beauty, being now a student of music in Rome.
Dr. Pagani is prominent in all movements for the wel
fare of his fellow-countrymen who have made their home
in America, and is justly very popular vvith them as well
as with native born Americans.

BOSTON.

255

EVANGELIST and reformer, of broadest sympathies,
deepest insight and tireless energy, Louis Albert
Banks is not only one of the most interesting figures in
the Boston pulpit of to-day, but he is also one of the
strong forces in the city's life. He has been here but a
few years — he is still a young man — but his activity
has produced lasting results in many beneficent ways.
Out of his courageous exposure of the "sweating"
system and the dangerous condition of neglected tene
ment house life, has
grown the A n t i -
Tenement House
League, and legisla
tion has been enacted
looking toward the
cure of one of the
gravest evils of mod
ern times. It is im
possible here to give
more than a bare
outline of the fasci
nating story of his
life. He was born
in Corvallis, Oregon,
Nov. 12, 1855, the
son of Lebbseus
Irwin and Mary
(Hurlburt) Banks.
He attended the
public schools and
Philomath College in
Oregon, and at six
teen was licensed as
a preacher of the
United Brethren
Church. From sev
enteen to twenty-one
he taught school and
studied law, being
admitted to the bar
in December, 1877. After a year's legal practice, he
united with the Oregon Conference of the Methodist
Church. He was ordained an elder in the Methodist
Episcopal Church by Bishop Henry W. Warren, at Van
couver, Washington, Aug. 26, 1883. Mr. Banks has been
pastor of churches in Portland, Oregon; Boise City,
Idaho; Vancouver and Seattle, Washington, and in
Cincinnati. In 1886 he came to Boston as pastor of
the Egleston Square Church, which had a remarkable

LOUIS A. BANKS

growth under his ministrations, as had also St. John's
Church, in South Boston, over which he was subse
quently settled. He is now pastor of the First Metho
dist Episcopal Church of Boston. While in Vancouver
he edited the "Pacific Censor," the organ of the Tem
perance Alliance of the territory, and in June, 1880, was
shot down on the street by an infuriated agent of the
saloons. For two months he preached, reclining across
three chairs, to large and enthusiastic congregations.
During his pastorate
at Seattle the anti-
Chinese riots broke
out on the Pacific
coast, and on the
platform and in the
pulpit he defended
the rights of the Chi
nese. He was re
peatedly threatened
with assassination,
and once his house
was surrounded by
an armed mob of
men who came to
hang him. Fortu
nately, however, he
was absent. In Bos
ton, as in the West,
he has been in the
foremost ranks of the
reformers, and the
causes of temper
ance, woman suf
frage, and labor have
in him a valiant
champion. His pub
lished works are :
" Censor Echoes "
(Portland, Oregon,
1880; now out of
print) j/'The People's Christ" (Boston, 1891) ; "White
Slaves, or the Oppression of the Worthy Poor " (Boston,
1892), and "The Revival Quiver" (Boston, 1892).
Air. Banks was married Sept. 21, 1877, to Mary A. Alill-
hollen, who died in 1881, leaving him two daughters.
In 1883 he married Jessie F. Ainsworth, and of this
union there is one son. The degree of doctor of
divinity was conferred upon Mr. Banks by Mt. Union
College in 1890.

256

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

FOR the past decade or more Boston has been rapidly
growing in importance as one of the great finan
cial centres of the American continent, and this very
enviable position is largely due to the fresh energies
brought to bear, by the younger financiers of the day,
upon the forces of old-time conservatism, which has
held the city in thrall for so many years. Among the
foremost of the financial firms who have established a
wide reputation both at home and abroad for solid
worth and judicious
enterprise, is the
house of Clark, Ward
& Co., who stand
upon the topmost
rung of the ladder of
success. Mr. J. F.
A. Clark, the senior
member of this firm,
is a thorough Bosto
nian of the progres
sive and practical
type. He was born
in Boston, Nov. 6,
1862, and received
his education in
one of those institu
tions of which the
city is justly proud.
In early youth Mr.
Clark showed unmis
takable signs of an
ambitious, enterpris
ing nature, and at
the age of twenty-one
he started in the
banking business.
To fit himself for the
exacting and intri
cate duties of this
profession he had no
other training than the knowledge found in the best
books written upon the subject, and that unerring judg
ment which has brought to a successful culmination the
many difficult undertakings in which he has since been
interested. After a year of prosperity, he formed a
partnership with Mr. Reginald H. Ward, under the
firm name of Clark, Ward & Co., and since that date
these young men have made a most remarkable record
for successful enterprise. By their discretion and sound

J. F. A. CLARK

business principles they have secured recognition among
the oldest and best firms in Boston. In 1889 the firm
of Clark, Ward & Co. opened an office in New York,
Mr. Ward taking charge of it. Phenomenal success
from the very start attended the affairs of the firm in
New York, and in the short space of two years it was
found necessary to establish a branch office there. In
the same year a branch of the Boston house was opened
in Springfield, Mass. Both branches have enjoyed a
marked degree o f
prosperity. In 1891
Mr. George E. Arm-
strong, of Boston,
was admitted to the
firm, and in 1892 Mr.
H. H. Campbell, of
Boston, became a
partner. Mr. Clark's
modesty forbids the
enumeration here of
the prominent posi
tions he occupies in
some of the impor
tant railroad enter
prises of the day, or
of the large financial
interests which h e
has managed. Con
sidering the fact that
the young men com
prising the fi r m
started in business
vvith no other capital
than their own intel
ligence and personal
meri t, the success
that has attended all
their ventures is one
of the conspicuous
features of financial
Boston. It also shows that this is an era in which the
younger business men have every opportunity to develop
the metal that is in them, respectful attention being
given to their plans and ideas by men of a past gen
eration. Mr. Clark, who is a member of the Country,
Algonquin and Athletic clubs in Boston, and of the
Vaudeville and New York clubs in New York, is very
prominent in the social life of both cities. He is mar
ried, and his residence is in Boston.

BOSTON.

257

JAMES RUSSELL SOLEY was born at Roxbury,
Mass. (now Boston Highlands), Oct. 1, 1850.
He received his early education at the Roxbury Latin
School, and graduated at Harvard College in the class
of 1870. Assistant Secretary of State Wharton and
Lieutenant-Governor Wolcott were members of the
same class. During the year following graduation he
was tutor at St. Mark's School, Southborough, Mass.,
and in 1871 he was appointed assistant professor of
EngUsh at the United
States Naval Acad
emy at Annapolis,
where, in 1873, he
was placed at the
head of the depart
ment of E n g 1 i s h ...
studies, history and
law, his appointment
to both of these
places being the re
sult of competitive
examination. In
1876 he was com
missioned a profes
sor in the United
States Navy with the
relative rank of lieu
tenant commander.
In this year he pub
lished the " History
of the Naval Acad
emy." In 1878 he
was assistant superin
tendent of the de
partment of educa
tion at the Paris
Exposition. While
in Europe he was
charged by the Navy
Department with the
special duty of examining the systems of education in
European naval colleges, and on his return made an
extensive report, entitled "Foreign Systems of Naval
Education," which was. published in 1880. In 1882,
having attained the relative rank of commander, he
was transferred to Washington, where he collected and
arranged the library of the Navy Department, the most
complete and valuable collection of naval works in this
country, if not in the world. He was lecturer on inter-

JAMES R. SOLEY

national law, in addition to his duties in this position,
at the Naval War College at Newport from 1885 to
1889, and he also delivered a course of lectures before
the Lowell Institute of Boston, on "American Naval
History," in 1885, and a second course on "European
Neutrality during the Civil War," in 1888. He has
published : " Campaigns of the Navy in the Civil War ;
The Blockade and the Cruisers " (1883) ; "The Rescue
of Greely," under the joint authorship of himself and
Commodore W i n -
field S. Schley
(1885) ; "The Boys
of 1812" (1887), and
"Sailor Boys of
1861" (1888). He
edited the "Auto
biography of Com
modore Morris," and
made large contribu
tions to the " Battles
and Leaders of the
Civil War," and to
Justin Wi nsor ' s
"Narrative and
Critical History of
America." By invi
tation of the city of
Boston he delivered
in May, 1 8 9 1 , a
eulogy upon Admiral
Porter at the memo
rial services held in
Tremont Temple,
and he is now en
gaged upon " The
Life of Admiral Por
ter." His last work,
on the " Maritime
Industries of Amer
ica," deals with the
history, present condition, and future prospects of the
merchant marine. In July, 1890, he resigned his com
mission and was appointed assistant secretary of the
navy, which office he has held since that time. In
this capacity he has taken a large part in the detailed
administration of the naval establishment, and has been
particularly connected with the important measures of
navy-yard reform. Mr. Soley graduated at the Law
School of Columbian University.

25i

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

STUDYING the history of the printing trade, a
stranger to this State soon acquires an admiring
knowledge of a firm name which is familiar to Massa
chusetts men,— Alfred Mudge & Son. This firm was
founded in 1830. Alfred Mudge established a small
printing-office on School Street, Boston, in that year,
and, being a man of brain and enterprise, he broke
away from the conservative rut of the printers of those
days. He speedily found success, limited at first, to
be sure, but destined
to assume propor
tions of amazingly
large size. It was in
1850 that the present
firm name was
adopted, in that year
the founder of the
house taking into
partnership his son,
Alfred A. Mudge.
The latter lived but
three years after the
death of the senior
partner, and then,
in 1885, Frank H.
Mudge, son of Alfred
A., became sole pro
prietor of this great
business house, and
has continued in this
position ever since.
To illustrate the
strides made by this
firm since its incep
tion, when a small
room on School Street
was sufficient for the
proper transaction of
its business, it need
only be said that it
now occupies three complete floors of the great mercan
tile building, No. 24 Franklin Street, Boston. Its plant
contains the best possible equipments, including twenty
large cylinder presses. On its salary list are the names of
two hundred employees. From these facts an idea may
be gained of the character and size of the business which
Frank H. Mudge now governs and guides. This gen
tleman was born in Boston, Feb. 10, 1859. Early in
life he developed an unmistakable aptitude, undoubtedly

inherited, for the printing business, and at the end of
his school-days he entered the employ of Alfred Mudge
& Son for the purpose of obtaining something far deeper
than a superficial knowledge of the printing art. By
hard and earnest work he became such a master of the
different branches that in 1880 he was honored by a
well-earned invitation to become a partner in the enter
prise. These early years of business training fitted Mr.
Mudge for the burden of proprietorship which fell to
his lot upon the death
of his father, — a bur
den which seldom
falls upon the shoul
ders of such a young
man. But that which
Mr. Aludge lacked in
age was amply bal
anced by his posses
sion of practical ex
perience, and so he
accepted the position
of head of the house
of Alfred Mudge &
Son, and be it said
in just credit, the
business of his able
forefathers has con
tinued to prosper in
his hands. Al r.
Mudge is president
of the Alaster Print
ers' Club, vice-presi
dent of the National
Typothetas of Amer
ica. He began his
military career in the
ranks of D company,
First Regiment, AL
V. AI. ; has been sec
ond lieutenant of
light battery A, and is an ex-adjutant of the Ancient and
Honorable Artillery Company, and past commander of
the Roxbury Artillery Veteran Association. Air. Mudge
holds membership in many other organizations, includ
ing the Franklin Typographical Society, the Roxbury
Club, the Boston Athletic Association, the Hull, Win
throp and Alassachusetts Yacht clubs, and also Masonic
societies, in the Odd Fellows, the Red Men, the Elks
and the Knights of Pythias.

.

FRANK H. MUDGE.

BOSTON.

259

THERE is not a more enthusiastic Democrat and
tariff reformer in Massachusetts than Bushrod
Morse. A man of deep convictions and high character,
a thorough student of economic questions, he has wielded
great influence, directly and indirectly, upon the political
opinions of his fellow-citizens. Descended from a long
line of New England ancestors, — among whom were
Benjamin Franklin, Professor Morse, the inventor of the
telegraph, and Chief Justice Kent, — Mr. Morse was
born in Sharon,
Mass., the son of
Willard and Eliza
(Glover) Morse.
After attending the
public schools of his
native town, he fitted
for college at the
Providence Confer
ence Seminary and
at Pierce Academy,
Middleboro, and en
tered Amherst in
1856. Ill-health,
however, prevented
him from completing
his college course.
He studied law in
North Easton and in
Boston, and in Octo
ber, 1864, was ad
mitted to the Suffolk
bar. Though he has
practised in Boston
ever since, he has
always retained his
residence in Sharon,
on the old Morse
homestead, a pic
turesque estate, near
Lake Massapoag,
which descended to him and his brothers from their
great-grandfather, Gilead Morse, an English soldier
under General Wolfe, who purchased it on his return
from the French war in 1764. Mr. Morse has been for
years prominent and influential in the political life of
his town and State. He has been chairman of the
Sharon School Board ; member of the Alassachusetts
House of Representatives in 1870, 1883 and 1884, when
he served on important committees, being chairman of

the Committee on Probate and Chancery in 1884; mem
ber of the Democratic State Central Committee ; candi
date for presidential elector in 1884 and 1888 ; delegate
to the National Democratic Convention at Cincinnati in
1880; candidate for Congress in the second district,
against Ex-Governor John D. Long, in 1886, and carry
ing Norfolk County by 233 majority, and being defeated
in the strong Republican district by less than 2,000
votes; again a candidate for Congress in 1890, when he
received the highest
vote ever cast for a
Democratic candi
date for Congress
in his district. In
1864 Air. Morse was
appointed justice of
the peace by Gover
nor Andrew, and has
held that office ever
since. On May 13,
1 89 1, Governor Rus
sell appointed him
the first special jus
tice of the District
Court for Southern
Norfolk. In 1892,
much against his in
clinations, he was
unanimously nomi
nated by the Demo
crats for the Second
Norfolk District for
the State Senate.
The workingmen of
the State have had a
staunch friend in Mr.
Morse. H i s able
and intelligent advo
cacy of legislative
measures calculated
to advance their interests, gained for him a wide popu
larity. His addresses on tariff reform, embodying the
results of his careful investigations and set forth in
vigorous English, have attracted general attention and
been published in leading journals throughout the
country. Though engrossed in his legal profession, in
which he has a high standing, Mr. Morse still finds time
to preach the gospel of tariff reform. He is an excel
lent type of man and citizen.

BUSHROD MORSE.

260

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

THE private secretary of Postmaster-General Wana-
maker, Marshall dishing, is a Hingham boy
through and through. His ancestors were among the
little band that first settled the town. 'Phe people of
Hingham well remember him, a barefoot boy driving
the cows, or a high school pupil driving the milk wagon.
They recall that he worked his way through coUege, and
they hold in high regard his father and mother. Mar
shall dishing was born in i860. His early education
was gained in the
public schools, and
he graduated from
the high school in
1878. At Exeter he
was an editor of the
Exonian, the leader
of the glee club, and
the class poet of '79.
Mr. Cushing grad
uated from Harvard
in 1883. He was
freshman e dit or of
the Harvard Daily
Echo, secretary of
the board of editors
of the Advocate, a
member of the glee
club, and a leader in
the musical and the
atrical performances
of the Pi Eta Society.
Mr. Cushing in
tended to study law,
but he was attracted
towards newspaper
work, and obtained
employment on the
Cambridge Tribune,
as city editor, and
on the Boston Globe,
as Harvard correspondent. He became successively
news editor on the "night desk" of the Globe, and night
editor in charge. After two years he became State
House reporter and staff correspondent, finding valuable
political friends in all directions. Air. Cushing next
became private secretary to Hon. Henry Cabot Lodge,
a post which he relinquished a few months later for a
position on the New York Press. There for about a
year he was political writer and travelling correspondent.

3f-1W

After this term of service for the Press Mr. Cushing
returned to Washington as correspondent of the Boston
Advertiser and Record, and the New York Graphic.
Pie also did special work for the Sun, the Philadelphia
Press and other journals. To the position of private
secretary to the postmaster-general Mr. Cushing has
brought tact, industry and originality. He may be said
to be the first outside the White House to give to a
private secretaryship a national repute. His industry is
phenomenal. In
addition to his ex
acting daily work at
the elbow of the
postmaster - general,
he has written " The
Story of Our Post-
Office," a one thou
sand page book, and
he has collected ma
terial for an even
larger volume upon
the history of the
American post-office,
which is shortly to
be published. Mr.
Cushing's home life
is ideal. He was
married on Christ
mas Day, 1 89 1, in
San Francisco, to
Mrs. Isabel AIcBride
Palmer, the gifted
daughter of Hon.
John R. AIcBride,
late member of Con
gress from Oregon,
and chief justice of
Idaho, who was for
years the leading
Gentile in Utah.
The literary and musical tastes of Airs. Cushing are a
thorough complement to those of her husband. Mr.
Cushing is a member of the famous Gridiron Club of
Washington correspondents, and the monthly " roast "
is considered incomplete without the presence of the
cheery private secretary and his banjo. His literary
style is original, crisp and witty, many of his articles and
letters contributed to the press of Boston and New York
being masterpieces of their kind.

MARSHALL CUSHING.

BOSTON.

:C\

EDWARD AUGUSTUS MOSELEY, secretary of the
Interstate Commerce Commission, has labored
zealously for years to secure uniform safety couplers for
railway cars, and is the recognized authority on that
subject in this country, his efforts having attracted the
attention of presidents, senators and congressmen,
magazine writers, and especially the organizations of
railway employees. He was born in Newburyport, March
23, 1846, his father being an East India merchant and
well-known banker.
After attending the
public schools, he
shipped, at the age
of sixteen, before the
mast of an East In
diaman and made a
long voyage. He
afterwards entered
the service of Wells,
Edmunds & Co.,
East India merchants
and later was asso
ciated with N. & B.
Goddard, a firm
whose predecessors
were the pioneers in
the trade, dating
back to the begin
ning of the present
century. Mr. Mose-
ley was subsequently
in partnership with
his father. Imme
diately after the
Boston fire of 1872,
the firm of Moseley,
Wheelwright & Co.
was formed, and for
years did an immense
business in Southern
pine, Mr. Moseley travelling through the Southern
States, the West Indies, South America and Europe,
making sales and furthering the interests of his house.
In June, 1880, the firm of Stetson, Moseley & Co.,
lumber dealers, was organized, succeeding to the busi
ness of one of the oldest firms in the United States,
and Mr. Moseley was a member of that firm at the time
of his appointment to the position he now occupies.
He was commissioner of the Newburyport Sinking Fund

EDWARD A. MOSELEY.

for fifteen years after its organization ; was a member
of the Common Council and an alderman ; was twice
elected to the General Court of Massachusetts, and
during his term of office was a member of the Commit
tee on Railroads. He was president of the Mechanics'
Exchange of Boston when he was appointed secretary
of the Interstate Commerce Commission. Since going
to Washington he has been admitted to the bar of the
Supreme Court of the District of Columbia and of the
Court of Claims.
Mr. Moseley is a
thirty-second degree
Mason in both the
Northern and South
ern jurisdictions ; a
noble of the Alystic
Shrine ; a Knight
Templar ; an hono-
rary member of
A. W. Bartlett Post,
G. A. R. ; and for
several years was
master workman of
Mt. Washington As
sembly, No. 3478,
Knights of Labor.
He is one of the
most expert swim
mers and canoeists in
America, and years
ago was an amateur
boxer of great note.
His life has been
full of adventure.
Few men have such
a number of loyal
friends. W h e n , in
1 89 1, there were ru
mors of a change in
the secretaryship of
the Interstate Commerce Commission a spontaneous
and emphatic protest immediately came from many
men of national prominence, including James G. Blaine,
United. States Senators Dawes, Chandler and Blair,
Congressmen Alilliken and Crapo, the railroad commis
sioners of several States, P. M . Arthur, of the Brother
hood of Locomotive Engineers, and many railroad cor
porations and organizations of railroad employees, all
expressing the hope that his services might be retained.

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

RAILROAD corporations, which in many States with
impunity infringe the rights and disregard the
convenience of the people, are in Alassachusetts closely
watched by a railroad commission, which since its estab
lishment has made a most enviable record in the correc
tion of existing abuses and wrongs, and in showing what
improvements were most needed and how to secure
them. The youngest member of this commission is
William J. Dale, Jr., who was appointed in December,
1 89 1. He had pre
viously shown what
manner of man he
was by his energetic
performance of the
duties of assistant
postmaster of Bos
ton under General
Corse, by his con
duct of large manu
facturing interests,
and by his manage
ment of a political
campaign. Mr. Dale
was born in Boston
April 15, 1850. He
is the son of Dr. W.
J. Dale, a distin
guished physician,
who was surgeon-
general of Alassa
chusetts, having
been appointed by
Governor Andrew,
and holding the
office for nearly
twenty years after
the close of the War
of the Rebellion.
Removing to his
ancestral homestead
in North Andover, Mass., at the close of the war, Sur
geon-General Dale and his son, William J., have resided
there for most of the time since. The farm, which con
tains several hundred acres, has been in the possession
of the Dale family since 1636. AL. Dale was educated
in the public schools of Boston, and at Phillips Academy,
Andover. He was for a number of years a member of
the School Committee of Andover, and for several terms
was its chairman. He was also chairman of the Hoard

WILLIAM J. DALE, JR

of Selectmen of the town. In December, 1886, on ac
count of his well-known executive abilities, Mr. Dale was
appointed assistant postmaster of Boston, under Post
master Corse, assuming the duties of that office on Jan.
1, 1887, and continuing in the position until the change
of administration and the incoming of Postmaster Hart.
During his term of office Mr. Dale rendered most valua
ble assistance to General Corse in the many radical
reforms which the latter carried out, and which con
tributed greatly to
the efficiency of
the postal service in
Boston. During the
political campaign
of 1891 Mr. Dale
was secretary of the
Democratic State
Committee, and en
joyed the confidence
and esteem of all
the party leaders. In
December of that
year Governor Rus
sell appointed h i m
to the Board of
Railroad C o m m i s -
sioners, to succeed
the late Edward W.
Kinsley. It has
proved to be one of
the wisest of the
many wise appoint
ments made bv Gov
ernor Russell. Air.
Dale for a number of
years was president
of the Exeter Manu
facturing Company,
Exeter, N. H., manu
facturers of cotton
goods. He is a member of the First Corps of Cadets,
of which his maternal grandfather, Colonel Joseph H.
Adams, was at one time commander. Air. Dale has
been one of the directors of the Music Hall Association
of Boston, and is a member of the Somerset Club, the
Boston Athletic Association, and various social organ
izations. He was married, in 1 891, to Aliss Elise Al.
Ballou, daughter of Murray R. Ballou, chairman of the
Boston Stock Exchange.

BOSTON.

263

JOHN G. LOW, the inventor of the art tiles that
bear his name, has developed the greatest artistic
industry of America in the department of fictile prod
ucts. Mr. Low studied painting in Paris, and was
long a leading member of the artists' fraternity in Boston
at the time of that celebrated semi-Bohemian organiza
tion, the Allston Club, of which he was a member along
with William Al. Hunt, Thomas Robinson, Joseph Fox-
croft Cole and Albion H. Bicknell. Perceiving the
capacity for the artis
tic design and use of
tile to a degree im
mensely in advance
of anything done at
the time, while the
country was keenly-
alive to the impulse
imparted to artistic
activity by the Cen
tennial exhibition at
Philadelphia, two
years before, he, with
his father, Mr, John
Low, founded in
Chelsea, in 1878, the
nucleus of the great
works now conducted
by the Low Art-Tile
Company, — the
largest establishment
in the world for the
production of this
class of work. The
tiles thus produced
were of a new order ;
a revelation in the
way of the possibili
ties of fictile art.
They soon became
known all over the
artistic world. In 1880, less than two years from the
birth of this new American industry, these tiles were
awarded in London a ten-guinea gold medal — the
highest prize — over all the English manufacturers, with
the experience and prestige of many years of prosper
ous activity behind them. Since then, at Barcelona, in
Spain, and at the great Exposition Universelle in Paris,
they have been awarded gold and silver medals. A com
parison between the tiles in use before the Low tiles were

JOHN G. LOW.

made, and those which were soon turned out in great
quantities at Chelsea, will show in the former products
which now seem almost of a primitive crudeness in
design and color. The new American tiles exhibited a
phenomenal variety and attractiveness in shape, size and
design. For the first time tiles were made in relief,
and their inventor, with a remarkable fertility of resource
and a striking talent for structural design, adapted them
to form decorative parts of many objects of every-day
use — including
stoves, clocks, furni-
ture, candlesticks,
wine coolers, paper
weights, ash-trays,
jardinieres, etc.
Great as is their use
for these purposes,
however, the most
extensive application
yet made of them is
in the recently de
veloped tile soda-
fountains that are
now revolutionizing
this great and pecul
iarly American busi
ness. These fountains
are of massive con
struction and most
attractive appear
ance, being c o m -
posed of beautifully
artistic bas-relief
panels in combina
tion with rich archi
tectural mouldings,
making objects that
are extremely deco
rative. The care
which Mr. Low has
taken to give all the products of the establishment a
thoroughly artistic character, in addition to their ster
ling technical merit, has been at the base of his suc
cess. An artistic triumph of the works was the produc
tion, a few years ago, of a series of " plastic sketches,"
made in a limited number, and now having the value of
great rarity for collectors. Mr. Low's son, John F. Low,
is associated with him, and to his rare ability as a chem
ist are due the rich and delicate color-tones of these tiles.

264

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

ARTHUR S. LELAND was born and bred in Boston.
He was educated in private schools, attending
Chauncy Hall and the Institute of Technology. He
determined early in his career to educate himself in
the woollen business. His first year of business was
spent in examining woollens in the concern of Macullar,
Parker & Williams, now Macullar, Parker & Co., in 1879.
After remaining one year he left the woollen business
temporarily and went through Bryant &]Stratton's Com
mercial College. He
then went into the
woollen commission
business with the
concern of Cowing
& Grew (now Gow-
ing, Sawyer & Co.),
of New York and
Boston, and at
twenty-one years of
age he became their
head book - keeper.
From G o w i n g &
Grew's office h e
went to Afackintosh,
Green & Co.'s,
where, at the end of
one year, he became
their head salesman.
At this house during
his odd hours, gained
by early rising, he
studied law. Here
also he studied the
designing and weav
ing of textiles. His
vacation he spent in
trying to perfect him
self in his business.
He was a weaver in
a woollen mill in
South Boston, and endeavored to learn carding and
spinning in Vermont. He was also wool sorter in the
Washington Mills in Lawrence. After remaining with
the house two years, he associated himself, at twenty-
three years of age, with James Walton, of Alethuen,
under the style of Walton & Leland. His business now
amounted to four hundred and fifty thousand dollars in
a single year. It was during this time that Air. Leland
went into the Washington Mills as wool sorter, remain-

ARTHUR S. LELAND.

ing from six until twelve o'clock. His afternoons were
then spent at his mill in Methuen. When twenty-seven
years of age he assumed the business alone, under the
name of A. S. Leland & Co. Mr. Leland has written
articles for magazines and newspapers, which have been
received with the consideration they deserve. At thirty
years of age he sold out his mill property. Although
his business as a manufacturer was a success, Mr. Leland
at this time concluded to enter the arena of banking.
In January, 1890, he
formed the concern
of Leland, Towle &
Co., which has from
its inception been
remarkably success
ful. Mr Leland
makes a business of
taking up new enter
prises and obtaining
for them sufficient
capital to make them
successful. Mr. Le
land has been suc
cessful in everything
he has undertaken,
and has never been
connected with any-
thing approaching
failure. As an organ
izer he has developed
his natural talents so
perfectly that in
a period of eighteen
months the birth of
three new companies
and the revivifying
of two old ones, all
of which are profit
able, attest his busi-
ness tact. His
opinion and experience are much in demand by corpo
rations and concerns wanting advice. His firm does a
large commission business in stocks and bonds. The
motto that nothing succeeds like success is exemplified
in Air. Leland. He is endowed with a seemingly inex
haustible capacity for work and has the faculty of
accomplishing much in totally different lines of activity
within a very short space of time. As he is still in the
prime of life, he has a good future before him.

BOSTON.

265

IN the long list of honored names of Boston financiers
who have been instrumental in the development of
New England industries, belongs the name of Spencer
Welles Richardson. He is the senior partner in the
banking house of Richardson, Hill & Co., one of the
most solid and conservative of all the financial institu
tions of Boston, and besides this has multifarious inter-
rests in other directions which identify him vvith some
of the most prominent facts in the financial, mercantile
and social life of the
Boston of to-day.
He was born in
Princeton, Mass.,
April 10, 1834, and
was educated in the
Boston public schools
and the Brookline
High School. He
was a bright scholar,
as is shown by the
fact that he received
the Franklin medal
at the Quincy School
in Boston in 1849.
He began business
life in the ticket
office of the Boston
& Maine Railroad in
Boston, remaining
there a year. In Feb
ruary, 1852, he en
tered the Boston
office of the treas
urer of the Laconia
Company, the Pep-
perell Manufacturing
Company, and the
Saco Water Power
Alachine Shop, all of
Biddeford, Me. He
was employed in this office until the breaking out of the
Civil War, when he enlisted in the Forty-fourth Massa
chusetts Regiment, and was promoted to the rank of
captain of Company E. Mr. Richardson is one of five
brothers who served in the Union Army during the Re
bellion. After returning to Boston, the banking firm
of Dwight, Richardson & Co. was established, in 1866,
and Mr. Richardson was its head until October, 1869,
after which for a year he continued the business alone-

SPENCER W. RICHARDSON

With William H. Hill, Jr., and Edward D. Adams, he
founded, Nov. 1, 1870, the present banking and broker
age house of Richardson, Hill & Co. In December of
the same year he was elected treasurer of the Saco
Water Power Afachine Shop, of Biddeford, in which
position he still remains. He is also a director of the
Boston & Bangor Steamship Company. He was a mem
ber of the Mercantile Library Association from 1854 to
i860, serving on its board of directors, on its lecture
committee, as treas
urer, and as presi
dent. For several
years he was con
nected officially with
the New England Fe
male College, until it
was transferred to
the Boston Univer
sity. He is at pres
ent treasurer and
trustee of the Alas
sachusetts Homteo-
pathic Hospital, and
holds many positions
of responsibility as
trustee and director
of other institutions.
Mr. Richardson is a
member of Benjamin
Stone, Jr., Post 68,
Grand Army of the
Republic, and com
panion of the Mili
tary Order of the
Loyal Legion. He
is also a member of
the Art, Algonquin,
and Merchant s'
clubs. On June 27,
1864, he was married
to Miss Mary T. Cumston, daughter of the late William
Cumston, founder of the firm of Hallett & Cumston,
piano manufacturers. Mr. and Mrs. Richardson have
three sons, — William Cumston Richardson, S. B., grad
uated in 1 89 1 from the Alassachusetts Institute of Tech
nology ; Spencer Cumston Richardson, now at Harvard,
and Amor Hollingsworth Richardson, who is in his
father's office. Mr. Richardson's residence is on Marl
borough Street, Boston.

266

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

IN the panorama of the religious history of Boston, one
of the most conspicuous figures is the First Religious
Society of Roxbury, which was founded in 1631, and of
which John Eliot, " the Apostle to the Indians," was the
second minister. The church has had. a long line of
distinguished pastors whose influence was ever potent in
the religious, social and political life of the community.
Rev. James De Normandie, the present pastor, has
more than sustained the high reputation of the church,
for when he first took
charge, in 1883, he
found the society in
a rather disorganized
condition. He im
mediately began to
build up the church
and put into it new
life and activity. His
efforts have been
eminently successful.
Mr. De Normandie
has a scholarly mind
and is a pulpit orator
of great power. The
De Normandie
family is one of the
oldest in the annals
of France, going from
thence to Geneva at
the time of Calvin.
Andre" De Normandie
was the first of the
family to come to
America. He settled
at Bristol, Penn., in
1706. It was near
here that James De
Normandie was born,
June 9, 1836. His
mother's family, the
Yardleys, were of English Quaker descent, coming over
with William Penn. Mr. De Normandie entered Antioch
College (Ohio) at its opening, in 1853, under Horace
Mann, then the most distinguished educator in America,
who took charge of this college, that here, without the
barriers of tradition, he might carry out some of his
high moral ideas in college training. After graduating,
Air. De Normandie taught a year in Washington Uni
versity at St. Louis, and then entered the Harvard

JAMES DE NORMANDIE.

Divinity School. Graduating there in 1862, he was
called to the South Parish, at Portsmouth, N. H.,
October, 1862, as the successor of Rev. Dr. A. P.
Peabody. Here he became prominent in all the educa
tional and philanthropic interests of that town, espe
cially during the struggle of the RebeUion, and in the
work of the Unitarian denomination, a contributor to its
periodicals, a director for several years of the American
Unitarian Association, and chairman of the National
Conference for seven
years. After being
connected with the
Unitarian Review in
an editorial capacity
for some time, he
assumed entire
charge of it in 1882.
His pastorate in
Portsmouth came to
a close in 1883,
when, after having
received calls to sev
eral of the most
prominent churches
of the Unitarian
body, — among which
were the First Parish
in Portland, Ale., and
the Church of the
Alessiah at St. Louis,
— he accepted the
invitation to take
charge of the First
Religious Society in
Roxbury, the church
made famous by the
long ministry of the
Apostle Eliot in its
early history, and at
a later date eveu
more so by the remarkable ministry of Dr. Putnam, who
is still regarded by a whole generation as one of the
most eloquent and effective preachers Boston ever had.
Since 1884, Mr. De Normandie has been president of
the Board of Trustees of the Roxbury Latin School,
which was founded about the time of the great grammar
schools of England, during the revival of classical
learning. In this capacity his erudition and scholarly
attainments have proved invaluable.

BOSTON.

267

CHARLES WESLEY EMERSON, M. D., LL. D.,
preacher, author, teacher, orator, and founder of
the Emerson College of Oratory of Boston, was born in
Pittsfield, Vt., Nov. 30, 1837, the son of Thomas and
Mary F. (Hewitt) Emerson. He comes of a race of
ministers and learned men, and is a remote relative
of Ralph Waldo Emerson. The family was ennobled
by Henry VIII. Charles Wesley Emerson laid the
foundation of his educational equipment in the public
schools of his native
State, supplemented
by several years of
scientific, philosoph
ical and theological
study. He graduated
from the Aledical Col
lege of Philadelphia,
and coming to Bos
ton passed through
two departments —
law and oratory — of
the Boston Univer
sity. Completing his
theological studies
with Rev. Dr. Tyler,
he was ordained to
the Congregational
ministry in Windham
County, Vt. For
twenty years Dr.
Emerson preached
with phenomenal
success, holding pas
torates in several
places in Vermont
and Massachusetts.
He built up weak
parishes, relieved
churches from debt,
and everywhere
preached to overflowing congregations. After twenty
years of incessant pulpit and parish work his health
became greatly impaired, and the resignation of his
Fitchburg pastorate and withdrawal from public work
became necessary. He then devoted himself to the
study of voice and physical culture, and visited Eu
rope for the further pursuit of his oratorical studies.
On his return he spent some time in special study
in hospitals, and was subsequently elected professor

CHARLES W. EMERSON

of physiology and hygiene of the voice in the Bos
ton University School of Oratory. In 1880 he opened
a school of oratory and physical culture in Pemberton
Square, Boston, giving it the name of the Monroe Con
servatory of Oratory. The number of students increased
rapidly, new departments were added, and in 1886 the
school received a charter from the State, with power to
confer degrees, and become the Alonroe College of
Oratory. Four years later, by legislative enactment, the
name of the institu
tion was changed to
the Emerson C o 1-
lege of Oratory. The
school now occupies
the great granite
building, corner o f
Tremont and Berke
ley streets. The col
lege year just closed
w i t n e s s e d an at-
tendance of five
hundred students.
The faculty includes
Dr. Emerson, presi
dent ; Henry L.
Southwick, secre
tary; Susie Rogers
Emerson, principal
of the department of
physical culture ;
William J. Rolfe, lec
turer on Shakes
peare; John W.
Dickinson, lecturer
on pyschology ; Dan
iel Dorchester,
teacher of English
literature; S. E.
Sherman, teacher of
anatomy and physi
ology ; H. E. Holt and Albert C. Cheney, teachers of
singing ; Jessie Eldridge Southwick, teacher of dramatic
expression ; C. W. Kidder, professor of vocal physiol
ogy ; Professor Trine, teacher of rhetoric ; and six
teachers of oratory, expression and physical culture.
In the midst of a busy life, Dr. Emerson has found
time to deliver many lectures, and has recently issued
three books, — "The Evolution of Expression," "The
Perfective Laws of Art " and " Physical Culture."

268

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

JAMES E. COTTER, a leading member of the Bos
ton bar, and president of the Charitable Irish
Society of Massachusetts, was born in Ireland in 1848.
Left motherless in childhood, at the age of seven years
he came to Marlboro, Mass., where his father became
the owner of a small farm, upon which, and other farms,
the boy worked during the summer months, attending
school in the winter. Having received his education
in the public schools of that town and at the Normal
School at Bridge-
water, he studied law
with William B. Gale,
of Alarlboro, and in
January, 1874, was
admitted to the bar
in Middlesex County.
Removing to Hyde
Park immediately
thereafter, he has
since practised h i s
profession in Norfolk
and Suffolk counties,
his office being in the
Sears Building, Bos
ton. Almost from
the very start, Air.
Cotter's legal career
has been one of
marked success.
During the last ten
years he has been re
tained in a number
of important cases
in the State and fed
eral courts, being
counsel in suits over
the water supply of
cities and towns, in
volving the value of
franchise, and the
property and rights of water companies ; also in land
damage suits, in a variety of actions of tort for personal
injuries against cities, towns and railway corporations,
in several noted will cases, and in actions against insur
ance companies. Fie was senior counsel for, and suc
cessfully defended, the section master of the Old Colony
Railroad, who was indicted for manslaughter and
charged with the immediate responsibility for the terri
ble railroad accident of Aug. 19, 1890, known as the

" Quincy disaster." Mr. Cotter has held various public
positions in Hyde Park. He has been chairman of the
registrars of voters ; member of the school committee
for three years, the last year (1888), chairman; town
counsel since 1878, with the exception of one year;
chairman of the general committee that had charge of
the celebration of the twentieth anniversary of the
incorporation of that town ; vice-president of the His
torical Society, and charter member and director of the
Hyde Park Social
Club. He is a mem
ber of the Norfolk,
Suffolk and Ameri
can Bar associations.
In 1874 and in 1877
he was the Demo
cratic candidate for
district attorney for
the district, compris
ing Norfolk and Ply
mouth counties, and
was the candidate
of his party for pres
idential elector in
1884. He has de
clined nominations
to other political
offices, and is now
devoting his whole
attention to the prac
tice of his profes
sion. In Alarch,
1892, he was unani
mously elected pres
ident of the Chari
table Irish Society,
one of the old and
honorable bodies of
New England, many
of its members being
prominent and influential citizens in and about Boston.
In April, 1892, he was admitted to practice in the Su
preme Court of the United States, in Washington, D. C,
on motion of Attorney-General Pillsbury. Mr. Cotter
was married, in October, 1874, to Aliss Mary A. Walsh.
Six children have been born to them, five of whom are
living. His residence is in Sunnyside, Hyde Park.
Not yet past his prime, Mr. Cotter may well anticipate
many years of honorable achievement.

JAMES E. COTTER.

BOSTON.

269

OF Henry Austin, one of the most brilliant and
versatile of the younger generation of New
England poets, it has been said by a famous critic, that,
as a master of the laws of versification, he has no living
superior. But Henry Austin is not a mere versifier —
he is both poet and philosopher. Edward Everett
Hale has said : " Mr. Austin really has the eye which
perceives the analogy between things visible and things
invisible, and he possesses the lyric swing." His life
has been full of in
teresting incident
and adventure, and
in many lands he
has gathered the ma
terial for his produc
tions. Henry Austin
was born in West
Roxbury, near Bos
ton, Feb. 25, 1858.
After attending the
public schools of
Dorchester, he was
fitted for Harvard at
St. Mark's School,
Southboro. Instead
of matriculating at
Cambridge, how
ever, he started on
a tour of the West
ern States, and be
fore his return to
Boston had visited
Japan, China, Ma
lacca, India, Egypt,
and Spain. Enter
ing Harvard, he
studied for a time,
but did not gradu
ate. His name,
however, is carried
on the rolls of the class of 1878. Going abroad again,
he spent some time in Australia and England, after
which he returned to this country and became con
nected with the newspaper press of Baltimore and
Washington as reporter, editorial writer and art critic.
For two years he did considerable dramatic work, trans
lating from the French several comic operas now the
property of Charles Ford, of Baltimore. He then went
to New Orleans, and while there wrote many notable

HENRY AUSTIN.

magazine articles. From the Southern metropolis he
went to Arkansas, and in Garland County of that State
he published and edited a daily newspaper. Returning
to New Orleans and joining the staff of the Times-
Democrat, he remained there several years. During
this period he did a great deal of work for the press in
general, sending syndicate letters regularly to over
thirty American newspapers. Mr. Austin was also an
official of the famous but ill-starred New Orleans Expo
sition. Relinquish
ing journalism, he
went into business
for two years, during
which his pen was
busy only at inter
vals. Receiving an
invitation to join the
editorial staff of the
Boston Herald, h e
accepted it, and re
in a i n e d with that
paper for two years.
He then started a
literary syndicate
in connection with
the Boston Traveller,
which he continued
for a time. Mr.
Austin was actively
interested in the
Nationalist move-
ment from its incep
tion, and was one of
the leading spirits
in the formation of
its clubs. He was
the editor of the
" Nationalist Maga
zine " during its first
year. For the last
two years he has been engaged in general literary work,
"producing books for publishers," as he modestly puts
it. Some of the best of his poems have been collected in
a volume entitled " Vagabond Verses " (Boston, 1890).
Mr. Austin is residing at present (1892) in Boston, tem
porarily, and is engaged in compiling a curious book to
be called " The Pathos, Picturesqueness and Philosophy
of Crime." He is also writing a novel in verse, illustra
tive of present social conditions.

270

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

FRANCIS A. WALKER.

[See Portrait on Page 8.]

GENERAL FRANCIS A. WALKER, chairman of
the Board of World's Fair Managers of Massa
chusetts, and president of the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, is a veteran in the public life of the
country. A son of the economist, Amasa Walker,
Francis A. Walker was born in Boston on July 2, 1840,
graduated at Amherst in i860, and began the study of
law at Worcester. He joined the Massachusetts Volun
teers, and served with distinction in the war, leaving
the army as brevet brigadier-general of volunteers. For
a time he taught the classic languages in the Williston
Seminary, and was later an assistant editor of the Spring
field Republican. In 1869 he became chief of the Bu
reau of Statistics in the United States Treasury Depart
ment, and in 1870 superintendent of the ninth census.
During 1871 and 1872 he held, in addition to the
superintendency of the census, the office of commis
sioner of Indian affairs. In 1873 he was elected profes
sor of political economy and history in the Sheffield
Scientific School of Yale University, and held this posi
tion until 1 88 1, when he accepted the presidency of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. During this
period he occupied public positions as chief of the
Bureau of Awards at the Philadelphia Exposition, and as
superintendent of the tenth census. He also served as
one of the United States Commissioners at the Interna
tional Alonetary Conference of 1878, a position which
he was obliged to decline in connection with the con
ference of 1892. President Walker is an active member
of scientific bodies, and has contributed much to their
success. He is vice-president of the National Academy

of Sciences, president of the American Statistical Asso
ciation, member of the Advisory Committee of the
American Academy of Political and Social Science, presi
dent of the Military Historical Society of Massachusetts,
and was president of the American Economic Associa
tion for a number of years. He is a member of the
International Statistical Institute, and an honorary fel
low of the Royal Statistical Society of England. The
degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him in 1881 by
Amherst and Yale, in 1883 by Harvard, in 1887 by Co
lumbia, in 1888 by St. Andrews, Scotland, and in 1892
by the University of Dublin. His official writings in
clude annual reports as superintendent of the ninth
census, 1870-72, as commissioner of Indian affairs,
1872, and as superintendent of the tenth census, 1879-
81, and the following: "Commerce and Navigation
of the United States," two volumes, 1868-69; "Ninth
Census," four volumes, 1872-73; "Statistical Atlas of
the United States," 1874; " Judges' Report on Awards,"
eight volumes, 1878; "Tenth Census," twenty-four vol
umes, 1883, et sea. President Walker has been a fre
quent contributor to the reviews, has delivered numerous
addresses on economic, educational and military themes,
and has published the following works: "The Indian
Question," Boston, 1874; "The Wages Question," New
York, 1876; "Money," New York, 1878; "Money,
Trade and Industry," 1879; "Land and Its Rent,"
Boston, 1883; "Political Economy," New York, 1883
and 1887 ; "History of the Second Army Corps," New
York, 1886; "First Lessons in Political Economy,"
New York, 1889.

BOSTON.

271

MANAGER of the New England department of the
New York Life Insurance Company, a position
of great responsibility, Benjamin Shreve Calef has for
years been prominent and influential in insurance cir
cles, and is recognized as having done much to elevate
the standards and the methods of the business. He
was born in Maine, but his parents moving to Salem,
Mass., he was educated there, graduating from the
English High School. He then went to New York
City and commenced
his business career
as clerk in an im
porting house. At
the breaking out of
the war, in 1861, he
enlisted in the Ninth
Regiment, New York
State Militia. This
regiment, which was
the first to go out
from New York in
response to the call
for three years'
troops, relieved the
Seventh Regiment,
which had gone out
for ninety days.
Later, having been
promoted to major,
he assisted in organ
izing the three regi
ments of the famous
Berdan Sharpshoot
ers, and afterwards
served on the staff
of Alajor-General
D. B. Birney, of the
Third Army Corps.
Major Calef was
taken prisoner in the
battle of the Wilderness, May 6, 1864, and was ex
changed in December of the same year. On returning
home he received, in recognition of his services, an
appointment from President Lincoln as captain and
aide-de-camp of volunteers. His health having been
much impaired by his imprisonment, he was unable
to accept the appointment, and resigned from the army
in 1865. In the autumn following the close of the war,
Major Calef associated himself with one of the oldest

BENJAMIN S. CALEF.

importing firms in Boston, from which he retired soon
after the great Boston fire of 1872. In 1873 he entered
upon the business of life insurance with the United
States Life Company. He subsequently was connected
with the Mutual Life, and in 1879 entered the service of
the New York Life Insurance Company in Boston, and
was appointed manager of the New England branch of
the company in 1880, which position he continues to
hold. Major Calef was one of the organizers of the
Boston Life Under
writers' Association,
its first vice-presi
dent, and second
president. He was
also prominent in
organizing the Na
tional Association of
Life Underwriters in
1890, and was the
first chairman of its
executive committee,
to which position he
was again unani
mously elected at the
annual convention in
New York in 1892.
Major Calef is a
prominent figure in
the business circles
of Boston. He is a
man of extended
social relations, hav
ing held honorable
positions in many of
the leading clubs and
public organizations
of Boston. The pa
triotic spirit and te
nacity of purpose
that has marked his
career, is an exemplification of the influence of hered
ity. His paternal grandfather and great-grandfather
were officers in the army of the Revolution, and Robert
Calef, of Boston, will be remembered as the successful
antagonist of Cotton Alather, in the days of the Salem
witchcraft delusion. Major Calef is a handsome, sol
dierly man, still in the prime of life. His demeanor
is vigorous though courtly. Mr. Calef's residence is on
Marlborough Street, Boston.

272

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

HUGH O'BRIEN has accomplished as much as
any other living man for the cause of good
municipal government in Boston. For four years, from
1885 to 1888, inclusive, he was mayor of the city, and
his administrations were singularly able and free from
blemish. The quality of the man and of his public
service are evident from this extract from his inaugural
address in 1886 : "If the mayor stops waste and extrava
gance he makes determined and unscrupulous enemies
of men whose sole
object is public
plunder, and who do
not hesitate to resort
to any means to ac
complish their ends.
Regardless of threats,
regardless sometimes
of adverse criticism
from parties who do
not understand the
facts, I have given
no quarter the past
year to any who have
abused the trusts
confided to the m ,
and with such an
emphatic endorse
ment from my fel
low-citizens, I feel
encouraged to go on
with the work. Poli
tical tricksters, who
have merely some
selfish purpose to
gratify, will receive
no countenance from
me, no matter what
party they may be
identified with for
the time being. It
is by yielding to these men, on account of the few votes
that they control, that municipal governments in all the
large cities of the country have become a synonym for
waste and extravagance and corruption." And Mayor
O'Brien was as good as his word. He was born in Ire
land, July 13, 1827. When he was five years of age his
parents came to this country, and he received his educa
tion in the public schools of Boston, graduating from the
grammar school that stood on Fort Hill. When in his

twelfth year he entered the office of the Boston Courier,
to learn the printing trade. From the Courier office he
went to the book and job office of Tuttle, Dennett &
Chisholm, of which he became foreman at the age of
fifteen. Several years later he founded the Shipping and
Commercial List, of which he was long the editor and
publisher. His public career began in 1875, when he
was elected to the Board of Aldermen. He was re-elected
in 1876 and 1877 ; defeated in 1878; again elected in
1879, 1880, 188 1,
1883, and was chair
man of the board
during the last four
years of his service.
He was a friend of
the laboring interest,
securing the passage
of an ordinance regu-
lating payment to
workingmen by con
tractors with the city.
He urged the aboli
tion of the poll-tax
as a prerequisite for
voting, advocated
the purchase of large
areas for public
parks, and was iden
tified with the work
of securing the im
proved sewerage sys
tem and enlarging
the water supply.
He has held the
office of treasurer
and general manager
of the Brush Electric
Light Company,
president of the
Union Institution for
Savings, treasurer of the Franklin Typographical Society
for many years, trustee of the St. Vincent Orphan Asy
lum, and has long been a recognized authority on all
matters relating to the trade and commerce of the city.
He has always been a firm believer in the future growth
of Boston, and as alderman and mayor, covering a period
of eleven years of active service, was a prominent factor
in carrying out many reforms that have placed Boston at
the head of the municipal governments of the country.

HUGH O'BRIEN.

BOSTON.

273

CHARLES H. ANDREWS has for many years been
a prominent figure in the journalistic circles of
Boston, both as editor and as publisher. He was born
in Boston, Jan. 29, 1834, the son of Justin and Tamar
Andrews. After his graduation from the English High
School of Boston he began his journalistic career in the
office of the New York Pathfinder, a weekly journal, as
assistant editor, being then only seventeen years of age.
In April, 1852, he entered the service of the Boston
Herald, and his con
nection with that
paper is notable in
many respects. On
March 1, 1888, Mr.
Andrews retired from
active journalistic
labors, after having
been continuously in
the service of the
Herald for very
nearly thirty-six
years. During the
greater part of this
long term he was the
news editor of the
paper, and in all
those years he lost
in the aggregate less
than one month's
time from active
duty. Any mention
in detail of the ca
reer of Mr. Andrews
must necessarily be
also a mention of the
Boston Herald, which
for over half a cen
tury has been a rep
resentative, leading
and influential news
paper. The Herald is one of the popular newspapers
of Boston and of New England, its circulation is equalled
by that of only one of the other eight dailies in the city,
and its business patronage is extensive and profitable.
The first issue of the Herald was in 1846, as an evening
publication, "neutral in politics." It was small, of only
four pages and twenty columns, and sold for one cent.
In 1847 the American Eagle was absorbed, and ten
years later the Daily Times. The success of the Herald

CHARLES H. ANDREWS

was assured from the start. In its second year it was
enlarged and it appeared morning, evening and weekly.
In 1 85 1 the weekly edition was suspended, and a few
years later' a Sunday edition started. In 1854 it was
again enlarged, and in 1869 it came out in its present
form, though of late years it has appeared on at least
four or five days of the week as a ten or twelve-page
paper, and on Sunday with from twenty-four to thirty-
two pages. The Sunday edition of the Herald easily
ranks with the very
best publications of
its kind. In 1869
the paper was pur
chased by R. M.
Pulsifer & Co., the
partners being R. M.
Pulsifer, E. B. Has
kell and Charles H.
Andrews. In 1888
the paper was put
into the hands of a
close corporation, the
stockholders being
the old proprietors,
together with E. H.
Woods, John H.
Holmes and Fred
E. Whiting. Of this
corporation Mr.
Andrews is now vice-
president, and
though he has relin
quished much of his
active participation
in the management of
the paper, he main
tains a deep interest
in it and its steady
onward progress, and
much of his attention
is given to its service. Mr. Andrews' wife was Josephine
Maralio, and they have four children, — Charles S.,
Edward J., Blanche and George H. Andrews. His
residence is on Beacon Street. It is as a keen, practical
steady and conservative journalist that Mr. Andrews
ranks among his fellow-craftsmen, who admire him for
his useful qualities and steadfast industry as much as
they like him for the sociability that distinguishes the
other side of his character.

274

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

TO awake and find himself famous, to be suddenly
classed among the leaders of thought who but the
day before had never even heard his name, — that has
been the fortune of Solomon Schindler, the celebrated
Jewish rabbi of Boston, to whose utterances the public
has listened so attentively during the last half dozen
years. Solely by his intellectual power has he made a
reputation that others have striven for a lifetime to gain,
and Rabbi Schindler, the rationalist, the thinker, the
student of sociolog
ical problems, is a
figure in the circles
of cultured Boston
that is at once their
ornament and their
example. His ca
reer is tinged with
romance, and
warped, too, with
vicissitudes that
make the promi
nence of his present
position the more
emphatic by contrast.
He was born at
Neisse, in Silesia, in
1842. His father
was an official of the
local Jewish church,
and his mother the
daughter of a noted
Talmud scholar of a
neighboring town.
He was destined for
the rabbinical pro
fession, but the pe-
c u 1 i a r forces that
were to shape the
career of the youth
were already at work
in the liberalizing of the times. The more he studied
the book of his ancestors the greater became his dis
belief in many of its teachings. '' I cannot believe in
our Bible," he said once, when only nine years old, " it
does not seem reasonable to me." Nevertheless, at the
age of thirteen, upon the death of his mother, he was
sent to Breslau to continue his rabbinical studies. But
he was learning against his natural tendencies, and soon
gave up his studies. He entered business life, for which

SOLOMON SCHINDLER

he was wholly unfitted by nature, and in which he did
not succeed. Two or three years later he was admitted
as a government protege' to a Catholic seminary at Ober-
Glogau, and in two years finished the three years' course,
passing his final examination as a teacher at Breslau. He
was subsequently a private tutor in Westphalia and in
Dortmund. He married, and, with the aid of his wife,
established a boarding-school, which he managed suc
cessfully until 1871, when he offended the Government
by a radical political
speech and was com
pelled to flee from
the country. With
a wife and three chil
dren, but with neither
money nor friends,
he landed in New
York in July, 187 1.
Accepting aid of no
one, he became a
pedler on the streets,
and afterward suc
ceeded in obtaining
work in a saw-mill.
At last, when his af
fairs were at their
lowest ebb, he was
invited to take charge
of a Jewish congre
gation just formed in
Hoboken, N. J. His
salary was only five
hundred dollars a
year, but he added
to his income by
teaching in a Ger
man-American acad
emy. In 1874 he
was called to the
pastorate of the
Temple Aclath Israel, in Boston, and has remained here
ever since. His Friday evening lectures on " Messianic
Expectations," which he delivered in 1887, brought him
at once into public notice and established his reputa
tion as a vigorous and original thinker. His lectures
have been continued since then, and by means of them
he has contributed much to the religious and sociological
literature of the clay. Rabbi Schindler has been a mem
ber of the Boston School Committee for several years.

BOSTON.

275

TO the readers of Boston newspapers for the last
fifty years the firm name of Samuel Hatch & Co.
has been as familiar as a household word. There is
probably no house in Boston that has been more closely
identified with, and thoroughly acquainted with, the
real estate interests of the city, or through which more
transfers of houses and building lots have been made.
Having been established in 1835, not many years after
the incorporation of Boston as a city, the firm has seen
the New England
metropolis quadruple
in size and popula
tion, and has been
one of the factors in
its development.
The firm was founded
by Samuel Hatch,
who was one of the
pioneers in the auc
tion and commission
business in New
England, and for
over half a century
the house has main
tained its high repu
tation for reliability
and enterprise. The
present junior mem
ber of the firm, Mr.
Edward Hatch, was
born in Boston. His
education was ob
tained at the public
schools, which he left
in 1859. Three
years later he went
to work in the auc
tion house of his
uncle, Samuel Hatch,
and, as employee or
partner, has been with the firm ever since. The firm of
Samuel Hatch & Co., at the time Mr. Edward Hatch
became connected with it, was located at the corner of
Water and Devonshire streets, where it remained until
1867. In that year the business was removed to No. 3
Morton Place, remaining at this stand until the great
fire in November, 1872. Its office having been burned
in that fire, the firm opened another in the Traveller
Building at No. 9 Congress Street, and has continued

EDWARD HATCH

there ever since. Mr. Edward Hatch was admitted to
the firm in 1872, and for the last twenty years his name
has been prominent in many of the heavy real estate
transactions of the city, particularly in those of the
South End and the Highlands. He conducts a general
auctioneering business, selling houses, building lots,
farms, and city and suburban property of all kinds.
Besides doing a large business in real estate, the firm
also sells household effects, furniture, stocks and mer
chandise of every
description, giving
especial attention to
the sale of real es
tate and business
chances. All sales
entrusted to him are
certain to be handled
in the most judicious
and satisfactory man
ner. Mr. Edward
Hatch is one of the
directors of the Real
Estate Exchange and
Auction Board,
which was organized
in 1889 for the pur
pose of furnishing
information to real
estate men, and to
promote their gen
eral interests. It is
modelled somewhat
upon the plan of the
New York Exchange,
and is one of the
most effective and
successful organiza
tions of business
men in New Eng
land. His duties
as director of the exchange, added to the management
of his own affairs, keep Mr. Hatch fully employed. Mr.
Hatch is a member of a number of social organizations,
including the Norfolk and Massachusetts Yacht clubs,
the Mercantile Library Association and the Boston
Athletic Association. He is also secretary of the Bunt
ing Club, and ex-treasurer of the Gardeners' and Flor
ists' Club. Mr. Hatch is extremely popular both in
business and in social circles.

276

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

THE eloquent advocate, Thomas J. Gargan, is a true
Bostonian, having been born in the New England
metropolis Oct. 27, 1844. His parents, Patrick and
Rose Gargan, were desirous of giving him a thorough
education, and in addition to the excellent course
obtained at the public schools, he received private
instruction in literature and the classics at the hands
of Rev. Peter Krose, S. J., by whom he was prepared
for the Boston University Law School. He entered this
institution, and in
1873 was graduated
therefrom, receiving
the degree of LL. B.
He added to his
legal equipment by
a course of reading
in the law office of
Hon. Henry W.
Paine. Mr. Gargan,
while still in his
teens, responded, in
1863, to the call of
the Government for
troops, and was
mustered into the
United States ser
vice with a commis
sion as second lieu
tenant. At the
expiration of his
term of service he
was honorably dis
charged. During
part of his career.
Mr. Gargan followed
commercial pursuits.
At the age of twenty
he had charge of the
Boston house of the
dry goods firm of
Wilkinson, Stetson & Co., agents for A. & W. Sprague,
and Hoyt, Sprague & Co. While devoted to his profes
sion and giving the major portion of his time to his
large practice, Mr. Gargan takes a deep interest in all
questions respecting the public welfare. During his
active life he has held many positions of trust. In
1873 and 1874 he was president of the Charitable Irish
Society. In 1868, 1870 and 1876 he served in the
lower branch of the Massachusetts Legislature. He

was a member of the Board of Overseers of the Poor in
1875, and in 1877-78 was chairman of the Board of
License Commissioners of Boston. Mr. Gargan was a
member of the Boston Board of Police in 1880 and
1 88 1. His eloquence and patriotism, which are the
heritage of his race, are frequently called into requisi
tion. He delivered the Fourth of July oration in
Boston in 1885, and in the following year delivered the
oration at the centennial of the Charitable Irish Society
of Halifax, N. S-
Mr. Gargan was
married in Boston,
in September, 1867,
to Catharine L.,
daughter of Law
rence and Catharine
McGrath. The
death of this lady,
which occurred in
the year 1892, was
the one irreparable
misfortune that has
cast a shadow upon
the life of the bril-
1 i a n t orator. M r .
Gargan has a beau
tiful summer resi
dence at Alarble-
head, where he lives
during the genial
months of the year.
Mr. Gargan is an
earnest student of
political economy,
and in his public
life he has already
made for himself an
honorable record.
He is an enthusiastic
advocate of tariff re
form and a firm believer in clean political methods.
His oratory is fervid and brilliant. Perhaps the great
est effort of his life was his powerful speech before the
Charitable Irish Society at Halifax. Air. Gargan's high
standing at the Alassachusetts bar and his excellent
political record conspire to make him one of the most
influential citizens in the Commonwealth. Having
obtained an enviable position while in his prime, the
future holds for him the promise of still greater renown.

THOMAS J. GARGAN.

BOSTON.

277

GEORGE W. GALVIN, M. D., founder and surgeon
in charge of the Boston Emergency Hospital,
was born in Somerville, Mass., May 4, 1854, and
was educated in the public schools. He fitted himself
for the study of medicine, and graduated from the Har
vard Medical School in 1876. In a competitive exami
nation for the position of assistant at the Massachusetts
Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary, he received the
appointment, and served four years at that institution.
He began the prac
tice of medicine and
surgery in the South
Cove district in 1885,
and was appointed
surgeon for the Old
Colony and New
York & New England
railroads, to take
care of accident
cases at their stations
in Boston. Being
the only surgeon in
that district, nearly
all the casualty work
was referred to him.
He established an
accident room in the
United States Hotel
in 1889, and in one
year eight hundred
injured people were
treated there. Rec
ognizing the great
need of a hospital in
that district, and de
siring the co-opera
tion of some of the
younger members of
the Massachusetts
Medical Society, to
which he belongs, he advocated, at a meeting of that
organization, the immediate establishment of an emer
gency hospital in the business district. For some un
explained reason no action was taken by the committee
appointed to investigate the matter. He consulted with
the officers of the three southern railroads and of the
West End Street Railway, personally interviewed nearly
four hundred of the leading business men, and received
substantial aid toward fitting up and equipping the new

GEORGE W. GALVIN.

annex of the United States Hotel for hospital purposes.
In 1892, it was incorporated as a public charitable insti
tution, under the name of the Boston Emergency Hos
pital. It was a success from the outset, in the first
eighteen months of its existence seven thousand injured
people receiving treatment, twenty thousand dressings
being made, and only fifty cases being referred to other
hospitals. To-day it is admitted by those familiar with
the subject that the district covered by this hospital has
the best ambulance
service of any city in
the Union. Not over
five or six minutes
is consumed in reach
ing the desired des
tination, and the
ambulance is never
allowed to leave the
hospital without a
surgeon and assistant
who are equipped
to act on the spot.
It is the only hos
pital to respond to
calls, and there is
not a moment's de
lay when the patient
arrives at the hos
pital for treatment.
In December, 1892,
the hospital had out
grown its accommo
dations, and the
whole building was
leased for five years,
at the expiration of
which it is hoped that
the treasury will have
enough money to
build and own its
property. In 1888, Dr. Galvin published "Personal
Impressions of the Hot Springs, Arkansas, with report
of a case"; and in 1889, "The Value of Local Treat
ment of Pulmonary Diseases by Inhalation of Anti
septic Vapors." He is a son of John Galvin, superin
tendent of Long and Rainsford islands, and a brother
of City Clerk John M. Galvin, and a twin brother of
Thomas F. Galvin, the florist. Dr. Galvin's career of
usefulness has only just begun.

278

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

GEORGE MANN FISKE, a son of George Fiske,
a prominent citizen of Medfield, Mass., was born
in that town in 1842, receiving his education there.
In 1862, enlisting in the Forty-second Regiment, Alas
sachusetts Volunteers, he served one year under General
Banks, in the Department of the Gulf. For several
years after the close of the war he was engaged in farm
ing at Aledfield, and in 187 1, coming to Boston, became
connected with Messrs. James Edmond & Co., manu
facturers of fire brick
and importers of
sewer pipe, etc. He
entered at once into
a practical study of
the business, and in
1877 the firm of
Fiske & Colman was
formed. In 1880 Mr.
Fiske merged his bus
iness with that of the
Boston Fire Brick
Company, owners of
the wharf and factory
formerly occupied by

Messrs. James Ed
mond & Co., and,
becoming a stock
holder and director
therein, assumed the
management of the
whole concern. The
Boston Terra Cotta
Company was formed
in 1881, the stock
holders being practi
cally the same as in
the Boston Fire Brick
Company, and of that
also Mr. Fiske be
came treasurer and
manager. Putting his whole energy into the manufac
turing department, he has taken a leading part in the
development of clay building material in this country,
and has secured several United States and British patents
on new and unique forms of brick and terra-cotta work.
The two factories, one located on F'ederal Street, Bos
ton, and the other on K Street, South Boston, employ
about two hundred and fifty men, and produce large
amounts of architectural terra-cotta and specialties in

GEORGE M. FISKE

building brick. Mr. Fiske is also a pioneer in the suc
cessful production of constructive faience for interior and
exterior work. This department was entered upon in
1890, and among the notable pieces of work already
executed may be mentioned the corridor of "The
Charlesgate," on Beacon Street, Boston, and the wait
ing-room in the Philadelphia & Reading terminal station
in Philadelphia. The firm of Messrs. Fiske, Homes
& Co. have prepared a fine exhibit for the World's Fair,
which will show to
what a degree of per
fection their produc-
tions have been
brought. Mr. Fiske
is widely known and
recognized as a leader
and authority in his
line of business, and
his success is due to
his thorough mastery
of all the details of
his calling, his broad,
progressive ideas and
his fertility in antici
pating the public re
quirements. Amid
his multitudinous
cares, Air. Fiske finds
time to take an active
part in civil affairs,
having served in the
city government of
Newton, where he
owns one of the
finest residences of
the "Garden City,"
and in other posi
tions of trust and of
honor. He married,
in 1864, Sarah W.
Wilder, daughter of Silas W. and Caroline E. Wilder.
Their children are J. P. B. Fiske, a prominent electrical
engineer, and Amy Plympton Fiske. Mr. Fiske is past
commander of Moses Ellis Post, Grand Army of the
Republic, of Medfield, and a prominent member of
Charles Ward Post, of Newton. He has frequently
delivered most eloquent Memorial Day addresses to the
people in the different towns and cities of the State, and
is very popular with the veterans.

BOSTON.

279

STARTING out into the venturesome world of busi
ness without friends and without capital, George
O. Wales has achieved, while still a comparatively young
man, one of the conspicuous successes in the commer
cial life of Boston — a success due not to speculation
or to mere chance, but to his own pluck, ability and
integrity. The firm of George O. Wales & Co., iron
merchants, is well and favorably known throughout New
England, as well as in the iron trade of the country.
Mr. Wales is a native
of the old presiden
tial town of Brain-
tree, Mass., where he
was born in 1848,
the son of George
and Isabella C.Wales.
He obtained his early
education in the com
mon schools of Brain-
tree, and, after grad
uating from the High
School, where he ac
quitted himself cred
itably, he came, in
1867, to Boston, hav
ing chosen for him
self a mercantile ca
reer. Beginning in
a modest way as en
try clerk for the
wholesale millinery
house of Sleeper,
Fisk & Co., he worked
his way up to the po-
sition of book
keeper. He served
this firm faithfully for
three years, and then,
being desirous of
widening his business
experience and familiarizing himself with other lines
of trade, he went as head book-keeper to the firm of
Albert Thompson & Co., wholesale leather dealers. In
this position he remained one year, and then, in 187 1>
when but twenty-three years of age, he started in busi
ness for himself, and laid the foundations of what is
now ;one of the most respected ^firms in Boston. Its
growth has been rapid but normal. Taking the New
England agency of some of the Pennsylvania iron mills,

GEORGE 0. WALES

Mr. Wales has developed, from small beginnings, a large
business that is conducted with great skill and energy.
Parallel cases of uninterrupted success from the very
start are not of frequent occurrence. By the introduc
tion of original and aggressive methods, combined with
foresight and rare business tact, Mr. Wales has been
enabled to win the respect and confidence of all his
business associates. The firm of George 0. Wales
& Co., whose offices are in the Mason Building, on
Kilby Street, repre
sents many of the
largest and most re
liable iron mills of
Pennsylvania, deal
ing principally in the
highest grades of
goods, and making
specialties of steel
and iron plates and
sheets, boiler tubes,
boiler, tank and stack
rivets, steam, gas and
water pipe, and cor
rugated sheet iron.
The demands of bus
iness, absorbing as
they are, do not, by
any means, take the
whole of Mr. Wales's
thought and atten
tion, for he is de
voted to his home
life and is an ardent
horticulturist and an
art connoisseur. He
takes pride in the
beautiful homestead
at Braintree, embra
cing twenty acres,
where he still resides,
and which he has brought up to a fine state of cultiva
tion. He is also deeply interested in the subject of life
insurance, and carries a very heavy policy. In 1870
Air. AVales was married to Aliss A. F. P. Howard, who
died in 1886. He has five children, the eldest of whom
is in business vvith his father. The second son is a stu
dent at Harvard. Mr. Wales is a member of the Mas
sachusetts Horticultural Society and of the Art Club of
Boston.

28o

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

TO the proverbial nicety of taste exercised by the
wealthy citizens of Boston in matters combining
style and comfort, is due the high standing enjoyed by
the carriage-making industry among the trades of Massa
chusetts. This industry has experienced great advance
ment during the last score of years, and now the amount
of capital invested in it is counted by millions of dol
lars. The admitted leader in this trade, and the man
whose brain has conceived many original ideas in the
construction of car
riages to please the
most exacting lovers
of road driving, is Mr.
Chauncy Thomas ,
whose factory and
warerooms occupy
two six-story build
ings on Chestnut
Street, at the west
end of Boston. He
holds patents on
twenty or more in
ventions useful i n
his trade and has
evolved innumerable
conceits which have
been copied very ex
tensively. As the
business of Mr.
Thomas sprang from
a small beginning
and arose to its pres
ent importance by
virtue of his own
untiring efforts, the
history of his life
challenges the atten
tion of admirers of
self-made men. He
was born in Maine in
1822, his parents, who are direct descendants of the Old
Colony Puritans, having moved from Hingham, Mass.,
to the Pine Tree State in 1819. When he was sixteen
years of age he was apprenticed to the carriage-making
business in Bangor, Ale., and subsequently came to
Boston, where he worked in the capacity of a journey
man until 1852. While working as an employee, Air.
Thomas displayed, in a remarkable degree, a gift for
drawing, and he seized every opportunity to develop

that talent, thus acquiring an advantage which ever
since has served him well. In 1852 Mr. Thomas went
to West Newbury, Mass., where, in conjunction with
other young men, he established a carriage factory. The
principal event of his seven years' stay in that locality
was his marriage, Mrs. Thomas being the daughter of
the late Daniel Nichols of the town named. Leaving
West Newbury in 1859, Mr. Thomas, with his brother-
in-law, set up a factory in Roxbury and there constructed
c ar r iage s , ambu
lances and army
wagons. In a short
time this partnership
was dissolved, and
Mr. Thomas came to
Boston, where he
transformed an old
boat-house, located
on the banks of the
Charles River, within
a few yards of the
site of his present
establishment, into a
carriage fact o r y .
During the thirty
years which have
since passed, Air.
Thomas, by giving
constant personal
supervision to his
business, by his abil
ity to design in a
way to please, and
by his readiness to
conceive original
ideas to meet the
aesthetic as well as
the practical tastes
of the people of the
Back Bay, has built
up a business which is an honor to the State. Although
devoted to business, Mr. Thomas has time to indulge
his literary tastes. He not only reads extensively but
also writes interestingly. Mr. Thomas is the author of
"The Crystal Button" (published by Houghton, Mifflin
& Co., Boston), a most ingenious and fascinating work
of the imagination, portraying the possibilities of an
ideal civilization when the problems of natural and
social science shall have been fully solved.

CHAUNCY THOMAS

BOSTON.

281

INVENTIVE talent, business sagacity and indomitable
energy have placed Alonzo G. Van Nostrand, while
still a young man, in the front rank of New England's
men of affairs. He was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., July
3, 1854, the son of Hon. William T. and Mehetabel
(Bradlee) Van Nostrand. His maternal grandfather
was Thomas Bradlee, of Boston. Mr. Van Nostrand's
parents moved to Boston when he was four years old,
and he first went to the Hawes and then to the Lincoln
grammar schools in
South Boston, gradu
ating from the Eng
lish High School in
1872. He then
went immediately to
work in his father's
brewery in Charles
town, devoting him
self night and day
to the business, and
becoming so identi
fied with it that in
1878, at the age of
twenty-four, he was
admitted to the firm
as partner. In 1879
Air. Van Nostrand
originated the " P.
B." trade-mark for
his ale, which has
since become so fa
mous in New Eng
land. In 1886 he
conceived the idea
of bottling an ale in
the English fashion
to compete «• i t h
Bass, and in that
year established the
bottling department.
This proved so successful that he built a model bottling
house of his own planning, and to-day has the largest
output of any American ale bottler, selling last year
over half a million bottles of P. B. ale. In November,
1891, he built a lager beer brewery, and May 1, 1892,
purchased his father's interest in the ale brewery,
becoming sole proprietor of what is now known as the
Bunker Hill Breweries. Mr. Van Nostrand is the
youngest man operating a brewery in Alassachusetts,

ALONZO G. VAN NOSTRAND

and his establishment is also the oldest in the State,
having been founded in 1821. The P. B. ale has a rep
utation second to none in the Commonwealth, and is
the only malt liquor used in the Massachusetts General
and the Boston City hospitals and other institutions for
the sick and convalescent. The Bunker Hill breweries
cover about three acres of land, with a frontage of four
hundred feet on Alford Street, Charlestown. Before
the spot is reached their location is made known by a
tall tower on one of
the buildings of the
group used for brew
ing purposes. This
tower and belfry
were removed from
the old Boylston
Market, an ancient
Boston landmark of
considerable histori
cal interest, built in
1809 and demolished
in 1887. It was re
built exactly as it
stood on the old
market, and is cher
ished highly by Air.
Van Nostrand, who
does not forget the
time when he with
thousands of Boston
high school bovs
were obliged to drill
in the old Boylston
Alarket Hall. Air.
Van Nostrand is a
member of various
social and business
organizations, among
which are the Boston
Chamber of Com
merce, the Boston Art Club, the Eastern Art Club and
the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company. He is
also a prominent member of the Boston English High
School Association. He was married in 1885 to Miss
Sadie G. Foque, daughter of Theodore N. Foque, of
Alalden, Mass., and has one child, William Theodore
Van Nostrand. His residence is at No. 286 Newbury
Street, Boston. He is one of the progressive business
men of the Commonwealth.

282

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

IT is a rare combination of talents which enables a
man to succeed in war, letters and business affairs,
and these talents have met in the versatile author of
"Patroclus and Penelope." Theodore Ayrault Dodge
belongs to an old New England family, his maternal
great-grandfather being General Seth Pomeroy, of Bun
ker Hill fame. Colonel Dodge was born in Pittsfield,
Mass., May 28, 1S42, and was educated abroad. After
studying military science four years at Berlin, Germany,
under Major-General
Von Frohreich of the
Prussian army, and
taking a course of
lectures at Heidel
berg, he graduated at
the University of
London in 1 86 1. He
then returned to
America and enlisted
as a private in the
Union Army, serving
for two years in the
Army of the Potomac
under Generals Kear
ney and Howard.
His field service ter
minated at Gettys
burg, where he lost
his right leg. Col
onel Dodge received
four brevets for gal
lantry, — two in the
volunteer and two in
the regular service.
He became first lieu
tenant Feb. 13, 1862 ;
captain in the Vet
eran Reserve Corps,
Nov. 12, 1863 ; brev
etted major, Aug. 17,
1864, and colonel, Dec. 2, 1865. He was made captain
of the Forty-fourth Regular Infantry, July 28, 1866, and
served as chief of the bureau of enrolment in the War
Department until April 28, 1870, when, under the act
of Congress by which all wounded soldiers were taken
from active service, he was placed on the retired list of
the army, where he still holds his commission. He has
been connected with various business enterprises in Bos
ton which, under his management, have been made suc-

THEODORE A. DODGE

cessful. He is now president of the Boston Woven
Hose and Rubber Company. Colonel Dodge's tastes,
however, like those of his father and of his son, are
literary. For some years he has been engaged on a
history of the art of war, entitled, " Great Captains —
Six Lectures," of which three volumes, bringing the
subject down to the fall of the Roman Empire, have
been published. Colonel Dodge is an enthusiastic horse
man, having been in the saddle forty years, and ridden,
as he estimates, over
a hundred thousand
miles. His " Patro
clus and Penelope ;
a Chat in the Sad
dle," is a recognized
authority on horse
manship both in Eu
rope and America.
Colonel Dodge has
also published " A
Bird's-Eye View of
our Civil War" and
" The Campaign of
Chancellorsville." In
addition to these
works, which are
sufficient to establish
his reputation as an
historian and military
critic, Colonel Dodge
has contributed much
to periodical litera
ture, and has deliv
ered a number of
lectures on military
subjects at Harvard
College, before the
Lowell Institute, and
elsewhere. He has
been an officer of the
Military Order of the Loyal Legion, is a member of the
St. Botolph and Country clubs, and in 1887 was presi
dent of the Papyrus Club. In 1865 Colonel Dodge
married Miss Jane Neil, a grandniece of Chief Justice
John Marshall, of Ohio. She died in 1891, leaving him
three children, one of whom was editor of the "Harvard
Monthly " while at college. Colonel Dodge's home is
in Brookline. He is now (1892) making a tour of the
world.

BOSTON.

>83

WILLIAM FRANKLIN DRAPER, manufacturer,
veteran and congressman, was born in Lowell,
Middlesex County, on April 9, 1842, the son of George
and Hannah B. (Thwing) Draper. His early education
was gained in the public schools of his native city, sup
plemented with a year or two of academic training.
When sixteen years of age he went to work in a cotton
mill, and made a study of the processes of manufactur
ing cotton goods. The war came, and though only
nineteen years of
age Mr. Draper en
listed in Company B,
Twenty-fifth Alassa
chusetts Volunteers,
a company recruited
in Milford. He was
promoted through
the various grades to
that of first lieuten
ant, and when the
Thirty-sixth R e g i -
ment was formed in
Wo re e s t e r he was
made captain of
Company F. Faith
ful and gallant ser
vice soon made him
major, then lieuten-
a n t - c o 1 o n el, and
while holding the
latter rank he was in
command of a brig
ade in the Army of
the Potomac. He
was wounded in the
battle of the Wilder
ness, Alay 6, but
after partial recovery
he returned to the
front and com
manded his brigade at Weldon Railroad. He was
brevet brigadier-general when mustered out, Oct. 12.
Returning from the war, General Draper engaged in
the manufacture of cotton machinery, and since his
father's death, in 1887, he has been the head of the firm
of George Draper & Sons, widely known as the leading
introducers of improvements in cotton machinery in
this country. Besides this, he has been directly con
nected with many other large manufacturing concerns,

WILLIAM F. DRAPER.

and is now an officer of a large number of corporations,
covering the manufacture of machinery, cotton cloth,
shoes, electrical goods, also railroads, gas and water
companies, insurance, etc. He possesses strong inven
tive talent, and has personally patented nearly fifty
different inventions, some of them of great importance.
They were principally on looms and spinning frames,
though there is hardly a machine in use in the cotton
industry that has not been improved by inventions made
or introduced by him
or his firm. The
— - production of cotton
spinning machines
has been doubled
by the Draper im
provements, and the
cost of the process
divided by two.
More power has been
saved by them than
is furnished by the
Merrimac River to
the great manufac-
turing cities of
Lowell, Lawrence
and Ala 11c h e s ter.
General Draper is
admittedly the first
expert in this coun
try on spinning ma
chinery, and has
written several stan
dard articles on this
and other mechani
cal subjects. T h e
protective tariff has
been with him a
special field for re
search, and he has
personally inves
tigated, at great length, economic conditions, both in
Europe and this country. His pamphlet and magazine
articles on the tariff have been widely read and dis
cussed. He has twice been president of the Home
Alarket Club, founded by his father. He is also a mem
ber and officer of the Arkwright Club. In 1892 he
ran against George Fred Williams for Congress from the
eleventh district. General Draper was elected by an
overwhelming majority.

284

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

ALFRED WINSOR.

IN the vast shipping interests of Boston the tow boat
service has come to be one of the most important
departments. It is a business that has grown with the
commerce of the city, and is now largely in the hands
of the Boston Tow Boat Company, which was first
organized in 1855, and began business with one tug,
the " William Sprague." From this humble beginning
the present company, owning a fleet of steamers, barges,
tugs, lighters, grain elevators and perfected apparatus
for wrecking has developed. Some of the most notable
wrecking and towing feats on record have been accom
plished by the force of the Boston Tow Boat Company
— feats that a quarter of a century ago would have been
considered quite impossible. The saving of the Belgian
steamer " De Ruyter," wrecked on Scituate beach in
1890; the raising of the barge "Atlas," wrecked off
Hyannis in the same year; the raising of the "H. M.
Whitney," sunk by the "Ottoman" in Boston harbor in
1892 ; the towing of the steamer " Akaba " from Turk's
Island nearly to New York, and of the steamer " Federa
tion," from Bermuda to Philadelphia in 1892 ; the bring
ing of the Joggins raft to New York — these and other
splendid achievements have attracted widespread atten
tion among marine underwriters and in the shipping
world generally. The Boston Tow Boat Company has
been the first to demonstrate that ocean towing is prac
ticable. The company was incorporated in 1873, and
in 1875 went into the transportation business, building
two large steamers, the "Saturn" and the "Orion," for
carrying coal and towing barges. They are the only

two American-built "tramp" steamers afloat, and the
latter is said to be the strongest iron steamer ever built
in the United States. Besides these steamers, the
Boston Tow Boat Company owns twenty barges, twenty
tugs, twenty-five lighters, three wrecking lighters, a
water-boat, floating derrick and floating coal hoisters.
Its wrecking gear, with pontoons, coffer-dams, pumps
and hydraulic lifts, is the most elaborate on the Atlantic
coast. The company maintains a wrecking plant at
Vineyard Haven. Mr. Alfred Winsor is president of
this company, and likewise of the Boston & Philadel
phia Steamship Company, the oldest coastwise line from
the port of Boston. It originated in 1852, with two
small steamers that sailed from T Wharf. In 1872 the
company purchased the Keystone line, running between
Providence and Philadelphia, and has since operated it.
The following year the consolidated lines were incorpo
rated vvith a capital stock of $713,000, and vvith Mr.
Henry Winsor, of Philadelphia, as president. He died
in 1889, and upon the reorganization of the company
in 1891, his nephew, Air. Alfred Winsor, was chosen
president. In its experience of over forty years, the
company has lost but one steamer, — the "Palmetto,"
which was sunk off Block Island in 1858, — and has
made an exceptional record for regularity. It now runs
three steamers on the Boston and three on the Provi
dence line. Mr. Winsor is also president of the North
Atlantic Steamship Company, which was incorporated
in 1892, with a fleet of three steamers plying between
Boston, Halifax, Port Hawkesbury and Charlottetown.

BOSTON.

>85

JOSHUA MONTGOMERY SEARS.

RANKING third in wealth among the capitalists of
New England, and being the second largest
individual real estate owner in Boston, Joshua Mont
gomery Sears has added to the many millions which he
inherited from his father. He is the son of Joshua
Sears, and was born in Yarmouth, Alass., on Christmas
Day, 1854. His father, who came of an old Cape Cod
family, started in business without capital, and within a
few years became one of the wealthiest of Boston's East
India merchants. His residence was the handsome
house on Beacon Street now occupied by the Somerset
Club. Marrying late in life, he died while his only son,
J. Montgomery, was quite young. Alpheus Hardy was
one of the guardians of the boy, who received his early
education at a private school in Andover, Mass., from
which he was sent to Germany, where he continued his
studies. Returning to America in 1873, at the age of
nineteen, he entered Yale College and was graduated
in the class of 1877. On Sept. 18 of the same
year he was married to Sarah Carlyle, daughter of
Charles F. Choate, of Cambridge, who is now the
president of the Old Colony Railroad. Mr. and Airs.
Sears have since resided in Boston. Though the care
of his large estate requires much of his attention, he
nevertheless finds time for much practical philanthropy.
Among his public charitable works is the West End
Workingmen's Club, which he established on the lines
laid down by Robert Treat Paine in the Wells Memo
rial Workingmen's Institute. In connection with Rev.

Phillips Brooks, Alpheus Hardy and others, Mr. Sears
organized the Poplar Street Club, the purpose of which
is to counteract the influence of the saloon among the
poorer classes. Mr. Sears also presented to the Episco
pal parish at Marlboro, Mass., a fine new edifice. He
is the heaviest individual taxpayer in Boston, his finest
piece of real estate being the Sears Building, at the corner
of Court and Washington streets, which is considered
to be the most remunerative property in the city, as it is
one of the handsomest office buildings. Mr. Sears's
Boston residence is on Arlington Street. He owns a mag
nificent farm at Southboro, Mass., and his stables there
are filled with blooded stock. He is one of the summer
residents of Bar Harbor, and though he is the wealthiest
man there, his cottage is one of the most unpreten
tious. Both Mr. and Mrs. Sears are ardent amateur
musicians, and the musicales at their home during the
winter season have become celebrated. Mr. Sears is
also a prominent patron of art, his collection being one
of the best in New England. Many of the best
examples of the modern French and Flemish schools
adorn his collection, which has been selected with
rare taste. He is a member of the Somerset, Union,
Country and St. Botolph clubs, and of the Eastern Yacht
Club, his steam yacht "Novya" being one of the fine
pleasure craft on the Atlantic waters. Mr. Sears is
called "the Boston Astor," and like the Crcesus of the
metropolis, he is extremely modest, unassuming and
quiet in his tastes.

286

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

J. MALCOLM FORBES.

THE yacht "Puritan," defender of the America's
cup, and Nancy Hanks, queen of the turf, are
both owned by J. Malcolm Forbes, whose wealth and
talents have contributed so much toward the develop
ment of American yachting, and whose name has also
become familiar on every race-course in the country.
He is the son of John Murray and Sarah (Hathaway)
Forbes, and was born in Milton, Alass., in 1845. His
ancestors were Scotch, belonging to a family that from
the days of Wallace and Bruce included many famous
fighters among its numbers. One of Mr. Forbes's
paternal ancestors was Dorothy Collingwood, aunt of
Admiral Lord Collingwood, who was second in com
mand with Nelson at the battle of Trafalgar and took
the latter's place when he died. John Forbes, the great-
great-grandfather of J. Alalcolm Forbes, was the first of
the family, though not the first of the name, who came
to America. John Murray Forbes and his brother,
Captain R. B. Forbes, have been very prominent in
American commercial and maritime affairs, the latter
being the first to build and sail the American schooner-
rigged vessel. J. Malcolm Forbes was educated in
private schools and at the English High School in Bos
ton, from which he graduated in 1863, at the age of
eighteen. He soon after went into business in Boston
with his father, who had built up a large China and East
Indian trade. Mr. Forbes early took an active interest
in the higher class of athletic sports, and especially in

yachting. He made a number of voyages, including
one to Fayal on the fisherman " Fredonia." Mr.
Forbes built the schooner yacht " Rambler," which won
the Cape Alay cup in 1879, and subsequently built the
sloop "White Cap," the Scotch cutter " Byadere " and
the "Lapwing." He was one of the syndicate which
built the famous " Puritan," and he now owns her. He
is commodore of the Eastern Yacht Club, of which the
"Puritan" is the flag-ship. Though retaining his lively
interest in yachting matters, Air. Forbes has during the
last few years been devoting much attention to the
breeding of fast horses. He owns an extensive stock
farm at Canton, Mass., where some of the finest horses
in the world are to be found. Besides the peerless
Nancy Hanks, Alartha Wilkes and the great Arion, there
are many other turf record-breakers owned by Air.
Forbes. He is a director in many railway and manu
facturing corporations and a partner in the mercan
tile firm of J. M. Forbes & Co. He is a member of the
Country Club, the Boston Athletic Association and the
Alercantile Library Association. Mr. Forbes has been
twice married, the first time to Aliss Jones, daughter of
Edward C. Jones, of New Bedford. She died, leaving
him four children. His second wife was Afiss Rose
Davney, of California. The Forbes family residence is
at Milton, Alass., and in the summer on Naushon Island,
which belongs to the family and is situated between
Buzzard's Bay and Vineyard Sound.

SALEM is a rare old municipality, — rare because of its individuality, history, and the many distinguished men
it has reared and sent out into the world. It was first settled in 1626 by Roger Conant and others, and
incorporated as a city in 1836, Leverett Saltonstall being the first mayor. Many of the buildings seen about the
city are after the colonial style of architecture, some of which were built more than a century ago, and present
an ancient but pleasing appearance. The place would be great in history were it to risk its laurels solely on the
record and achievements of the old-time merchants and ship-masters. In 1825 there were 190 vessels owned
in Salem, and it was her ships which were the first from this country to display the American flag and open trade
with Zanzibar, Sumatra, Calcutta, Bombay, Batavia, Arabia, Aladagascar, St. Petersburg and Australia.
Salem has the high honor of having had as a resident the first governor of the colony. July 20, 1629, was
set apart by Governor Endicott "to be a solemn day of humiliation for ye choyce of a pastor and teacher at Salem."
Rev. Mr. Skelton and Thomas Higginson were chosen to the respective positions. The vote was taken by each
person in the colony writing in a note the name of his choice. This was the origin of the use of the ballot on this
continent. In 1692 the Witchcraft delusion sprang up in the colony. Much of the history which has been written
on this subject is misleading, in that Salem seems to be the only place designated or given prominence where the
delusion prevailed, when, as a matter of fact, it was widespread, extending over many countries of the Old World.
Nineteen persons condemned for witchcraft, among whom was Rev. George Burroughs, were publicly executed
in Salem. The wars of the Revolution, 181 2 and the Rebellion found Salem men well to the front battling for the
supremacy of the old flag, many of whom fell in action. The first provincial congress assembled in Salem, Oct. 5,
1774, which passed, during its session, a vote renouncing the authority of the British Parliament. The first blood
shed in the war of the Revolution was at North Bridge, Salem, Feb. 26, 1775, where Colonel Timothy Pickering
and his brave compeers successfully disputed the march across the bridge of Colonel Leslie and his regiment of
British redcoats.
In 1812 Salem furnished for the war nearly as many privateers as the rest of the country. In the latter
part of the last century and the beginning of the present, the town outrivalled Boston in maritime importance,
having almost the entire monopoly of the East India trade.
Salem is widely known for its inventions. The first electric light in a dwelling-house in this country was
used by Professor Moses G. Farmer, at his home on Pearl Street, in July, 1859, while the first practical test ever
made of a telephone was by Professor A. G. Bell, who sent a dispatch from Lyceum Hall to the Boston Globe,
Feb. 12, 1877.
Salem is the birthplace of many noted men, including Timothy Pickering, the famous statesman ; Rev.
Samuel Johnson, the noted liberal preacher ; William H. Prescott, historian ; Nathaniel Hawthorne ; John
Pickering, the scholar and Greek lexicographer ; John Rogers, whose character groups are everywhere familiar ;
Benjamin Pierce, the mathematician, and Nathaniel Bowditch, the world-renowned navigator.
There are radiating from the city proper several lines of electric railways ; also several lines of steam
railways. The Willows and Juniper Point, about two miles from this city, are well-known summer resorts. Among
the educational institutions are the public library, Salem Athenaeum, the Essex Institute for the promotion of
history, science and art, Essex County Natural History Society, the Peabody Academy of Science, and the Marine
Society, composed of ship-masters. The charitable institutions are the Associated Charities, Old Men's and Old
Ladies' homes, Woman's Friend Society, Plummer Farm School, Seamen's Orphan and Children's Friend Society,
Orphan Asylum, The Fraternity and Young Men's Christian Association.
There are many points of historical interest within the city, among which are the First Church, built
in 1629 ; Roger Williams's house, erected in 1635 ; the witchcraft sites ; the house in which Hawthorne was born ;
Timothy Pickering mansion, built in 1649, and other places which have been designated by bronze tablets.

288

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

ROBERT S. RANTOUL has been elected mayor
of Salem, by an increasing vote, four years in
succession. He is the son of Hon. Robert Rantoul, Jr.,
and Jane (Woodbury) Rantoul, and was born at Beverly,
June 2, 1832. The name is Scotch, and has been traced
back, in Kinross, to 1355. His early education was
received at the Beverly Academy and at the Boston
Latin School, where he prepared for college. He was
graduated from Harvard in 1853, and, having pursued
his legal studies in
the Dane Law School
and in the office of
Hon. Charles G.
Loring, began the
practice of law in
Salem in 1856. He
soon interested him
self in local and
national politics, and
was, in 1856, secre
tary of the first Fre
mont Club in Essex
County ; represented
Beverly in the lower
branch of the Legis
lature in 1858, where
he formed an ac
quaintance with Gov
ernor Andrew which
ripened into a life
long friendship ; took
an active part in the
Lincoln campaign of
i860, and was the
working officer of the
Salem Union League
until Lee's surrender,
conducting a mem
orable series of
meetings at Me
chanic Hall in support of the war. He was appointed
by President Lincoln, in 1865, collector for the port of
Salem and Beverly, and served until 1869, when Gen
eral Butler, whose election to Congress Mr. Rantoul had
publicly opposed, defeated his reappointment, though
it was asked for by every merchant doing business at
the port. Mr. Rantoul was, until 1888, allied with the
Republican party, and was active in both city and State
committees. Of late years, however, the position of the

ROBERT S. RANTOUL.

Democracy on the tariff and other questions more
nearly according with his views, he has identified him
self with that political party. He was a member of the
Legislature for Salem in 1884 and 1885, and was first
chosen mayor in 1889, being annually re-elected since
that year. His administration of this office has been
conservative and businesslike. In 1863-68 he was
largely instrumental in bringing the water of Wenham
Lake into Salem, was arbitrator between the Common
wealth and the Mas
sachusetts Historical
Society in the matter
of the Hutchinson
papers in 1873,
was orator at the
centennial celebra
tion of American in
dependence at Stutt
gart, Germany, in
1876, spoke for the
United States at the
dinner given to Gen
eral Grant in Paris
in 1878, and was ora
tor at the commem
oration of the two
hundred and fiftieth
anniversary of Win-
throp's landing at
Salem in 1880. For
a period of six or
eight years he was
engaged in antiqua
rian pursuits and in
editorial work on the
Boston Evening
Tr a u se r ip t. His
many published writ
ings include " The
Cod in Massachu
setts History" (1865), "Notes on Old Modes of
Travel" (1872), "The Essex Junto" (1882), "The
Name and Family of Rentoul — Rintoul — Rantoul"
(1885), "The Ancient Family of Woodbury" (1887),
"The Spirit of the Early Lyceums " (1888), "Port of
Salem," "The Long Embargo," and "The Great Tops-
field Caucus of 1808." Mr. Rantoul was married at
Salem, May 13, 1858, to Harriet C, daughter of David
A. and Harriet (Price) Neal.

SALEM.

289

WILLIAM CROWNINSHIELD ENDICOTT
was born in Salem, Mass., Nov. 19, 1826. He
is a lineal descendant of John Endicott, the first gover
nor of Massachusetts Colony. In his veins also min
gles the blood of the Putnams and Crowninshields, the
latter being his maternal name. Crown-in-shield was
a German nobleman, who came to this country in
the early days of the colony and settled in Salem.
John Endicott was the head of the first popular local
government estab
lished in America.
He was among the
six original patentees
of the grant made
by the great council
at Plymouth. Gov
ernor Endicott was
an impetuous man,
but clear-headed and
liberal. He dealt
judiciously with the
Indians, and in a
friendly spirit. The
famous sword with
which Governor
Endicott cut the
cross from the King's
colors, has, together
with the original por
trait and other relics
of the governor,
been handed down
through the line of
the oldest sons, and
is now in the posses
sion of the subject
of this sketch. He
was always promi
nent in public affairs,
and if at times seem
ingly intolerant, this manifestation, as history has
shown, was confirmatory of his devotedness to the new
government. With such an ancestry it is not to be
wondered at that William C. Endicott has made his
influence felt in the world. Salem, the place of his
residence, is dear to him, with its many pleasing and
historical associations, connected with his early ances
try. The house in which he lives is situated on Essex
Street. It is a large, two-story structure with hip roof

WILLIAM C. ENDICOTT.

and dormer windows, the interior of which is divided
into spacious wainscotted rooms, which are adorned with
antique carvings. Large open fire-places are conspic
uous, suggestive of the early times. In this house he
passes the pleasant days of his retirement. Not an old
man either in years or appearance, yet he is not court
ing political honors, as both the county and State have
richly remembered him in this direction. Mr. Endicott
was married, Dec. 13, 1859, to Ellen, daughter of the
late Colonel George
Peabody, a wealthy
and talented gentle
man of the old
school. He received
his preparatory edu
cation for Harvard
College in the Salem
Latin School, and
graduated from the
University in 1847.
He was admitted to
the bar in 1850, and
immediately entered
upon the practice of
his profession in
Salem. His abilities
as a lawyer were
soon recognized,
and these, combined
with a grace of de
portment and dignity
of character, won for
him from Governor
Washburn the ap
pointment of justice
of the Supreme Ju-
cial Court, in which
capacity he served
from 1873 to 1882.
He was elected pres
ident of the Peabody Academy of Science in 1863, and
was president of the Salem National Bank from 1857 to
1873. In 1884 he was the Democratic candidate for
governor of Massachusetts, and in 1885 he entered
President Cleveland's cabinet as secretary of war, in
which office he continued the full term. He has two
children, a son and daughter, the latter the wife of Hon.
Joseph Chamberlain, of England. Mr. Endicott was
one of the most scholarly judges the State has known.

290

MASS

ICI/USETTS OF TO-DAY.

SAMUEL ENDICOTT PEABODY, president of the
American Loan and Trust Company, was born in
Salem, Alass., on April 19, 1825, the second son of
Colonel Francis and Martha (Endicott) Peabody.
Martha Endicott was a direct descendant of John Endi
cott, the first governor of the Alassachusetts Bay Colony,
who settled in 1628 in Naumkeag, which was afterward
known as Salem. Colonel Francis Peabody was a
famous Salem merchant and a very large ship owner.
Mr. Peabody's early
education was gained
in Salem and he en
tered Harvard, but
remained only one
year. Preferring a life
and career of more
activity than his col
lege course seemed
to promise, he went
to sea in one of his
father's vessels.
Soon after his return
from that voyage Mr.
Peabody engaged in
business in Boston,
on India Wharf, vvith
Franklin Curtis, un
der the firm name of
Curtis & Peabody.
The firm was in the
India and China
trade and owned
many ships, and con
tinued in business
many years. Air.
Peabody's home was
all these years in
Salem. In 1875,
with his wife and five
children, Air. Pea
body removed to London, England, and became a
partner in the house of J. S. Morgan cv Co., American
bankers. This house had formerly been known as that
of George Peabody & Co. He remained there in busi
ness eight years, and then again removed to America.
He purchased the old family residence, formerly owned
by his father, known as " Kernwood," in Salem, and he
makes that his home now, being there seven or eight
months of each year, and in the winter months at 205

Commonwealth Avenue, in Boston. It was Mr. Peabody's
intention to retire from business when he returned to
America, but his mental and bodily activity soon again
led him into the old accustomed paths, and he was
induced to accept the position of director in various
moneyed and industrial enterprises, among them the
American Loan and Trust Company, now located in the
new Exchange Building, 53 State Street, Boston. Upon
the death of the late Ezra H. Baker, Mr. Peabody was
made president,
which position he
still fills. The Ameri
can Loan and Trust
Company is one of
the most widely
known and soundly
conducted institu
tions of its kind in
the country. M r .
Peabody has in late
years been interested
in electrical manufac-
turing enterprises,
and was, until the
formation of the Gen
eral Electric Com
pany, a director in
the Thomson-Hous
ton Company. He
is also a director in
various other institu
tions. He was for
many years president
of the Salem National
Bank, and is at pres
ent largely interested
in real estate in that
ancient city, and he
has always taken an
active interest in her
progress. Air. Peabody's life has been one of constant
and busy occupation, though he has never held public
office. At Salem, in 1848, Air. Peabody married Mari
anne Cabot Lee, daughter of the late John C. Lee, a
former partner in the house of Lee, Higginson & Co.
Their children are : John Endicott, Colonel Francis,
Rev. Endicott (who has established a school for boys
at Groton, Alass.), Martha Endicott, wife of John Law
rence, and George Lee Peabody.

SAMUEL ENDICOTT PEABODY

SALEM.

291

JOSEPH BARLOW FELT OSGOOD, the second son
of William and Elizabeth Curtis (Felt) Osgood,
was born in Salem, Mass., July 1, 1823. He was given
the full name of his uncle, Joseph li. Felt, D. D., the
noted antiquarian and annalist of Salem, whom Mr.
Osgood has justly memorized by presentation of the
doctor's portrait, and a good portion of his rare library,
with additional liberal gifts of the donor's own books
and money, to the Salem Public Library. Mr. Osgood
was educated at the
English High and
Latin Grammar
schools of Salem ; in
1842 he matriculated
at Harvard, graduat
ing in 1 8 4 6 . He
was admitted to the
Massachusetts bar
July 25, 1849, and
immediately opened
a law office in Salem,
where he has prac
tised until the pres
ent time. Availing
himself of proffered
positions, he laid the
foundation of a suc
cessful business while
serving as a member
of the Salem Com
mon Council from
1849 to 1853, inclu
sive, and during the
same period served
as representative in
the General Court
session of 1850, in
the famous Coalition
Legislature of 185 1,
and in the Legisla
ture of 1852, with his classmate, Senator George F.
Hoar. He was also a senator in the Massachusetts
Legislature in 1859 and i860. Air. Osgood regarded
all these positions as aids to success in his legal profes
sion, and gradually smothered all future ambition of
political preferment under the self-persuasion that even
in the quiet city of his birth professional work would
yield him a comfortable support of a happy and unob
trusive life. In December, 1864, while absent from

JOSEPH B. F. OSGOOD

home, Mr. Osgood was nominated and elected by the
Republican party as mayor of the city for the closing
year of a great public trial and anxiety, but he brought
to the unsolicited position the same admirable good
sense, unselfishness and independent spirit which he
had elsewhere displayed, and by his administration —
a model one in temper and tone and practical results —
gave to the city true, faithful and honorable service.
He is now the oldest surviving mayor of the city. In
July, 1874, Governor
Talbot appointed Mr.
Osgood justice of the
first district court of
Essex County, when
first established. He
had not essayed to
be a pleader in
courts, but as a veri
table counsellor-at-
law had reaped such
emoluments from a
large probate, trust
and confidential
practice as justified
him in accepting the
new honor extended.
His superior legal
training and strong
mental and moral
traits for fourteen
years placed the
court distinctly upon
the side of law and
order, of temperance
and social purity,
thereby securing for
himself the lasting
respect and confi
dence of the com
munity. He resigned
this commission in January, 1888, and returned to the
less disheartening business of his office, to there quietly
illustrate that a distinct aim of early life, persevered in
with self-reliance, made steadfast with honorable motives,
must lead to a true and well-merited success in life.
His long and honorable record of public service, extend
ing over nearly forty years, has won for him an enviable
name. Mr. Osgood was married, Nov. 23, 1853, to
Mary Jane Creamer, who died Sept. 16, 1865.

292

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

CAPTAIN JOSEPH MONROE PARSONS is one
of the most active and useful men in his day
and generation, and has been successful in business as
well as in military affairs. Evidences of his skill and
workmanship are seen on every hand about the city of
Salem, and in several other places. He is one of Sa
lem's reliable and best-known contractors and builders.
Captain Parsons was born in Portsmouth, N. H., April
2, 1840, and educated in the public schools of that city.
He came to Salem
in 1857, and learned
the mason's trade.
When the War of the
Rebellion broke out,
the spirit of patriot
ism was roused
within young Par
sons, and laying aside
his trowel he entered
the service of his
imperilled country.
He enlisted in the
Salem Mechanic
Light Infantry, a
company of the Fifth
Regiment, and was
at once made cor
poral, leaving Salem
for the seat of war
April 17, 1 86 1, and
participated in the
first battle of Bull
Run, July 21, 1861.
At the end of this,
his first campaign,
his military ardor
was not in the least
abated, but on his
return home, at the
expiration of his
three months' service, he immediately re-enlisted in the
First Unattached Massachusetts Heavy Artillery, and
was commissioned as second lieutenant, July, 1862, and
promoted to first lieutenant, November, 1863. He was
assigned to duty in Port Warren, Boston Harbor, and
was appointed provost marshal of the fort in 1863, dur
ing a part of the time when rebel prisoners were con
fined there. Lieutenant Parsons was also detailed in
the service of transporting conscripts from Gallop's

JOSEPH M. PARSONS

Island, Boston Harbor, to Washington, D. C. In 1864
he was commissioned captain, and was assigned to duty
in the defences of Washington, being placed in com
mand, at different times, of Forts Ricketts, Maryland ;
Scott, Virginia ; Slemmer, Lincoln and Reno, District of
Columbia. He was in command of Fort Slemmer
when President Lincoln was assassinated, and was
called upon to throw out a picket guard to prevent the
escape of the assassin. He remained on duty in this
fort until September,
1865, when he was
mustered out of the
service of the United
States. Captain
Parsons joined the
Masonic Fraternity
in 1862. He was a
charter member of
Starr King Lodge,
April 17, 1865, and
is now a member of
Washington Chapter,
and Winslow Lewis
Commandery of
Knights Templar.
He became a mem
ber of Phil. H. Sher-
idan Post 34,
G. A. R., of Salem,
in 1869, and was
elected commander
of the post in 1881,
and served his term,
to the great accept
ance of his comrades.
In whatever posi
tion Captain Par
sons has been placed
he has fully met the
most exacting re
quirements in his line of duty, and has always acquitted
himself nobly and well. On returning from the war Cap
tain Parsons took up building and contracting as an
occupation, in which handicraft he was well skilled,
erecting a number of government buildings in Salem
and vicinity. In 1892 he built the handsome stone
church for the First Congregational Society in Lynn,
the St. Joseph school-house and the Gardner Building,
in Salem.

SALEM.

293

CHARLES ODELL is one of the well-known busi
ness men of Salem. He rose to prominence
through his own untiring industry, and a determination
to accomplish whatever purpose he undertook. This
latter trait has been a marked one in his career. As a
railroad director and manager he has shown rare capa
city. With him success has been a duty. Mr. Odell
became connected with the Naumkeag Street Railway
Company as director in 1882, and in 1884 was elected
president of the cor
poration when it was
considered by many
a losing venture, and
when energy and
hard work were im
perative in order to
bring it up t o a
prosperous condi
tion. He succeeded.
Under his adminis
tration the road was
extended from about
seven miles, to Mar
blehead, Wenham,
Asbury Grove in
Hamilton, and Bev
erly Cove ; its pres
ent length being
thirty-eight miles,
and it is one of the
most prosperous and
paying roads in the
State. In 1886 he
became president of
the Newburyport &
Amesbury Horse
Railroad Company,
which line has been
extended and
equipped for electric
traction. He also is interested in other street railway
lines. It can in truth be said that he was the great mov
ing spirit in the upbuilding and development of the
Naumkeag road. He took hold of it, as has been
stated, when the road was not a paying property, and
when many capitalists looked upon it with distrust.
All honor to him for his push and enterprise. For
beauty of scenery the line of this road is unsurpassed in
the State. For some distance it passes along the

CHARLES ODELL

shores of Wenham Lake, and has its terminus at beau
tiful Asbury Grove. Mr. Odell is not a theorist, nor
have his talents and life-work been circumscribed by
the narrow and exacting conditions of speculation and
trade. The new and handsome brick block he erected
on Washington Street in 1891 attests to this fact, which
structure, it is hoped, will remain as a permanent adorn
ment to the city. Mr. Odell is a firm believer in build
ing up rather than in pulling down. He is eminently
practical in his way
and manner of doing
business. The cap
italist, he thinks,
should, as a rule, in
vest largely in per
manent improve
ments — in other
words, a little more
of the "salting"
process should be
adopted by men of
means ; that money
is not necessarily
"tied up" because
it is represented in
real estate and busi-
n e s s blocks where
trade is carried on.
Riches would not so
frequently take unto
themselves wings and
fly away, if Mr.
O d e 1 1 's suggestions
and plans were
adopted. Mr. Odell
was born in Salem,
Mass., Oct. 26, 1838,
and is still young,
vigorous and healthy.
He was educated in
the Salem public schools, and after leaving school en
gaged in the hardware business for several years. In
1878 he interested himself in the real estate and broker
age business, in which he became very successful, and
through placing the bonds of the Naumkeag Street Rail
way Company he really made his first great move in
railway matters. All the various enterprises in which he
has been interested have been carried through by his
energy and enthusiasm.

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

DANIEL BARNARD HAGAR, principal of the
" State Normal School at Salem, Mass., has been
for many years one of the strong pillars in the temple
of our State and national education. He was born in
Newton Lower Falls, Mass., April 22, 1820, the son of
Isaac and Eunice (Stedman) Hagar. When a boy he
spent several years in a paper mill in his native village,
and was later a clerk in a Boston dry goods store for
two years. His early education was obtained in the
village district school,
and in the private
academy of West
Newton. He pre
pared for college
chiefly under private
tutors, and entering
Union College, New
York, he graduated
in the class of 1843,
being a member of
the Phi Beta Kappa
and a commence
ment orator. While
connected with the
college he taught for
some months in the
academy at Schuyler-
ville, N. Y., and at
Kingston, N. Y. Mr.
Hagar received from
Union CoUege the
degree of A. M. in
1846, and of Ph.D.
in 1 87 1. His peda
gogical experience
has covered a period
of fifty years. He
was principal of the
Canajoharie (N. Y.)
Academy five years ;
of the Norwich (N. Y.) Academy in 1848-49 ; of the
Eliot High School, Jamaica Plain, Mass., from 1849
until 1865, and since the latter year has been principal
of the State Normal School at Salem. He has been
president of the Alassachusetts State Teachers' Associa
tion, the American Institute of Instruction, the Ameri
can Normal Association, the National Teachers' Asso
ciation, and the National Council of Education. He
was editor of the "Massachusetts Teacher," 1852-56,

DANIEL B. HAGAR

and 1865-70. He has given numerous educational
addresses, and is author of a popular series of mathe
matical text-books which have an extended use in the
best class of schools. He has often been solicited to
leave normal school work by invitations to other fields,
but he has uniformly declined ; among these are the
position of State commissioner of schools in Rhode
Island, supervisor of schools in the city of Boston, and
superintendent of schools in four other cities of Massa
chusetts. The Salem
Normal School, of
which Dr. Hagar has
been the honored
principal so long,
is one of the oldest,
best-known and
strongest institutions
of its kind in Amer
ica. Twenty -eight
years at the head of
such a school as this
has given Dr. Hagar
'ii, the opportunity for
*f? great usefulness, and
the impress of his
£*~ accurate analytical
mind has been
stamped upon the
schools and the
school system of
Alassachusetts and
the neighboring
States. Dr. Hagar
has been president
of the Young Alen's
Christian Association
of Salem ; vice-presi
dent of the Essex
Institute of Salem,
and in 1884 he was
one of the presidential electors of Alassachusetts. His
honorable and extended career of educational usefulness
has been of great value to the cause of public educa
tion, with which nearly his whole life has been identi
fied. Dr. Hagar was married, in 1845, t0 Alary Bradford
McKim, of Schenectady, N. Y. Of this union there
have been seven children. He is the author of "An
Abstract of the Proceedings of the Massachusetts
Teachers' Association from 1845 to 1880."

THE settlement of Cambridge in 1630, with the view of making it the seat of government of the Colony,
after a thorough reconnoissance of Boston's surrounding wilds by Governor Winthrop and Lieutenant-
Governor Dudley, marked an era in the life of the young community of Massachusetts Bay. Though the origina
purpose of making it the capital town was not carried out, the place, as Newetowne, early became important.
The governor set up the frame of a dwelling in 1631, where he had first tented on one of his explorations. Streets
were regularly laid out, four in number at the start, and several houses were built, a small square being left for a
market-place. In the fall of that year, however, for some unexplained reason, Winthrop removed his skeleton of
a house to Boston, and there covered it in. Dudley and his family remained, and the next year partially inclosed
the little village with a palisade to guard against Indian attacks. The settlement grew, and in 1632 was reinforced
by a company of about a hundred from Braintree, England, organized by Rev. Thomas Hooker. In 1634 com
plaints of " overcrowding" were made, and in 1636 the disaffected ones, led by Hooker, emigrated to Connecticut
with one hundred and sixty cattle. The same year, the Rev. Thomas Shepard arrived with a small company from
England, and finding so many vacant houses, determined to join their interests with the remnant. The influence
of Shepard was so great that in the same year the General Court agreed to give ^400 toward a school or college,
and the next year located it in Newetowne, subsequently naming it Harvard, and changing the town name to Cam
bridge. Rev. John Harvard of Charlestown was a graduate of Cambridge, England, and at his death left the
embryo institution his library of three hundred volumes and a bequest of ^800. Nathaniel Eaton was first in
charge of the college, but it had no "president" until Henry Dunster was thus chosen in 1640. In 1639 Stephen
Daye established the first printing-press in America, one of the adjuncts to the college, with which he had impor
tant dealings, as evidenced when he sued the president for a balance and lost his suit. These are the beginnings
of Cambridge and Harvard ; they were practically a unit ; they are more distinct in their respective greatness
now. To follow the course of either would take volumes, and volumes have already been written of them. Old
Cambridge is full of colonial monuments. Beside the Washington Elm, many of the imposing mansions deserted
by the Tories on their departure, notably the Craigies, the Brattles and the Lees, are yet objects of interest to the
visitor. In its early history Cambridge embraced what is now comprised in Brighton, the Newtons, Waltham, Water-
town, Belmont, Arlington, Lexington, Bedford, Aledford and a part of Somerville. One by one these farming
districts separated from the mother town, and are now important cities and towns. The Cambridge of to-day, a
city of nearly eighty thousand inhabitants, is naturally divided into distinct sections, with Old Cambridge and
Harvard University as the geographical and historical centre, surrounded by North Cambridge ( the old cattle
market), East Cambridge (distinctively a manufacturing district, containing also the Middlesex Courts), and Cam-
bridgeport (once a port of entry, now largely industrial). The lines of these sections, no longer than fifty years
ago, were very positively marked by wide intervals of vacant land, now well built over in a residential way,
so as almost to obliterate them, to the confusion of returning wanderers from home in their early days. These
old intervals, particularly those between Old Cambridge and the Port are monopolized by the better class of
homes for the leading merchants of Boston, and others seeking the advantages afforded by the University for the
education of their growing families, improved travelling facilities between the two cities also being an attraction.
The healthfulness of the city has always been proverbial.
Being the first town in the country where important book printing was undertaken, from that of Eliot's
Indian Bible onward, Cambridge, with her University Press and Riverside Press, still retains the prestige in that
respect, the first-named establishment having had at one time last year more than a hundred volumes in process.
The carriage interest has for years been a prominent feature, from the construction of Holmes's ever-to-be-remem-
bered " One Hoss Shay," to the modern American railroad car. The glass-making industry of East Cambridge
has gone to the West, and has been supplanted by enormous meat-packing establishments. North Cambridge has
been covered by modern dwellings. Bridge building and other iron work, with box and soap making, are
conspicuous at the Port.

296

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

.W

ALPHEUS^B. ALGER, of Cambridge, was born in
Lowell, Mass., Oct. 8, 1854, and attended the
public schools of that city. He entered Harvard Col
lege in October, 187 1, from which he graduated in the
class of 1875. He then attended the Harvard Law
School, and also studied with the late Judge Josiah G.
Abbott, of Boston, being admitted to the bar in June,
1877. Since his admission he has practised his profes
sion in Cambridge and Boston. He early took an active
part in the politics,
and from 1878 to
1 89 1 he was a mem
ber of the Demo
cratic City Commit
tee of Cambridge,
occupying the posi
tion of chairman and
secretary of that com
mittee during por
tions of that period.
In 1884 he was
elected alderman of
the city of Cam
bridge, and the same
year was chosen a
member of the Dem
ocratic State Com
mittee, continuing a
member of the latter
until 1891, serving on
the Finance and Ex
ecutive committees,
and being secretary
of the State Com
mittee for four years.
The University City
is never chary of be
stowing honors upon
her deserving chil
dren, and, therefore,
in 1886, made her progressive alderman a senator from
the Third Middlesex Senatorial District, again returning
him to the Senate in 1887, where he served on the
following important committees : Mercantile Affairs,
Public Service, Judiciary, Liquor Laws, and Bills in
Third Reading, and on the committee representing the
State of Alassachusetts at the Centennial Celebration
in Philadelphia in 1887. Although the youngest mem
ber of the Senate, he made an enviable record for him-

y*y% <<§•?>'

¦'M^\

self as the promoter of the interests of his city and
State, and during his term of service he was recognized
as one of the most earnest advocates of the cause of
labor. He was chosen a delegate from the Eighth
Congressional District of Massachusetts to the National
Democratic Convention in 1888, and in 1890 was
elected mayor of Cambridge, to which chief honor in
the gift of his city he was unanimously re-elected in
1 89 1. Socially, one of the most genial and companion
able of men, his suc
cess is as pronounced
as has been his po
litical advancement,
and he has been
foremost in every
movement and or
ganization for the
advancement and
mental betterment
of his fellow-citizens.
He is a member of
Amicable Lodge,
F. and A. M., Cam
bridge Royal Arch
Chapter, Boston
Commandery ; P o -
nemah Tribe, Im
prove d Order of
Red Men ; St. Omer
Lodge, K. of P. ;
Aleppo Temple,
Order of the Mystic
Shrine ; and the
Haymakers. In
1 89 1 he was great
sachem of the Im-
proved Order o f
Red Men, and was a
great representative
of the order to the
council held in Atlanta, Ga., in September, 1892.
Mayor Alger is also a member of the Central Club, of
Somerville ; Arlington Boat Club, of Arlington ; Newe
towne Club, of Cambridge, and Taylor Club, of Boston.
Fie is treasurer and secretary of the Bay State Club, of
Massachusetts ; was chairman of the Board of Harvard
Bridge Commissioners in 1891 and 1892 ; and is a
member of the Charles River Improvement Commission,
established by act of Legislature of 1891.

ALPHEUS B. ALGER.

CAMBRIDGE.

297

WILLIAM AMOS BANCROFT was born in Gro
ton, Middlesex County, April 26, 1855. He
was the son of Charles and Lydia Emeline (Spaulding)
Bancroft. His grandfather, Dr. Amos Bancroft, was a
physician well known throughout Middlesex County.
A maternal great-grandfather, Henry Bass, was one of
the Boston " tea party." His father was a farmer, and
in farm work and country sports Bancroft laid the
foundation of a vigorous constitution. He was pre
pared for college at
the Lawrence Acad
emy in his native
town, and at Phillips
Exeter Academy. In
1874 he became a
resident of Cam
bridge, entered Har
vard College and
graduated in 1878.
He studied at the
Harvard Law School,
was admitted to the
Suffolk bar in 1881,
and began practice
with his college
classmate, Judge
Edward F. Johnson,
since mayor of Wo-
burn. From child
hood he took an
active part in athlet
ics, and became
famous as the cap
tain and stroke oars
man of the Harvard
crews of 1877, 1878
and 1879, whose
victories were largely
due to his manage
ment. Young Ban
croft joined the State Militia when a college freshman,
as a private in Company B, Fifth Regiment of Infantry,
and rose through the various grades till he became a
company commander in 1879, and colonel of his regi
ment in 1882. Under his command, both company
and regiment rose to the front rank of efficiency, and,
in 1889, the regiment was detailed because of its high
standing, as escort to the State delegation on the anni
versary of Washington's inauguration in New York.

WILLIAM A. BANCROFT

He is now (1892) the senior colonel of the Massachu
setts Volunteer Militia. In 1885 Colonel Bancroft's
executive talents attracted the attention of the directors
of the Cambridge Railroad, and he was unanimously
elected its superintendent, and later superintendent of
the consolidated Cambridge and Charles River roads.
Afterward he was appointed general roadmaster of the
West End system. In the street railway business his
powers as a manager were shown in the successful con
duct of the road,
and in obtaining the
g o o d - w i 1 1 of the
employees ; while
his firmness, energy
and organizing
ability at the time
of the strike in
1 8 8 7 . enabled the
company to put
every one of its
twenty-two lines in
full operation within
fourteen days after
the "tie-up." Col
onel Bancroft left
the street railway in
1889, and returned
to the practice of
law in partnership
with his college
classmate, W arren
K. Blodgett, Jr. The
firm has offices in
Boston and Cam
bridge. He was
elected to the Cam
bridge C o m m o n
Council in 1 8 8 1 ,
and, in 1882, was
elected to the Gen
eral Court. During his three years' service in the
Legislature, he served on many important committees.
In the fall of 1890 Colonel Bancroft was elected a
member of the Cambridge Board of Aldermen. In
1 89 1 he was re-elected, and was unanimously chosen
president of the board. He married Mary Shaw, daugh
ter of Joseph and Catherine (Perry) Shaw, of Peabody,
in 1879, and has three children, — Hugh, Guy and
Catherine.

298

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

THE growth of a community is largely due to its
travelling facilities. This fact has been made
very apparent in the increased population of Cambridge.
To Thomas Stearns that city is indebted indirectly for
its present high status, aside from its world-wide repu
tation as a university town. Mr. Stearns came to Cam
bridge in 1830, from Paris, Me., at the age of twenty-
one years. He engaged in various pursuits for a few-
years, and bought a livery stable that had a large pat
ronage. There was
but one stage line to
Boston, making only
two trips a day at
twenty-five cents a
fare. A popular
driver on this line,
Joseph K. Tarbox,
though without
means, sought to es
tablish a new line at
a reduced rate. In
this he was aided by
Mr. Stearns and oth
ers, the facilities of
the stable being ac
corded him. The
traffic grew until Mr.
Stearns was induced
to join him. It was
not long before the
price of a passage
was brought down to
fifteen cents, and
many Boston mer
chants were thus at
tracted to Cambridge
as a place of resi
dence. The induce
ments to emigrate
from the city were
further increased by a concession of forty tickets for
five dollars, and trips to intervals of only fifteen minutes.
Stearns & Tarbox became very popular. Dwellings of
the first class sprang up along and off the route. The
prospects for further progress were so apparent that still
greater inducements to settlement were determined
upon. Quarterly rates were made for regular patrons
at five dollars, entitling them to two fares a clay, not
including Sundays or theatre trips. The line at one

time had five hundred of these subscribers, and a com
putation of what they thus paid brought their fare to
them at a little under six cents, the rate of tolls over
West Boston bridge considered, the omnibus company
paying for its conveyances and passengers at a shilling
(165 cents) each way. The highest thus paid for bridge
service in one month was 51,140. Finally the old and
the new lines of omnibuses were consolidated, Abel
Willard and Charles Kimball, of the original line, join
ing their interests,
and Cambridge was
favored with several
routes under one
management. These
varied in rates, ac
cording to distance,
from eight and ten
cents to twenty cents,
quarterly commuta
tions being propor
tionately low. In Jan
uary, 1856, this cor
poration, of which
Air. Stearns was the
head and the treas
urer, disposed of its
plant and interest to
y^ the Cambridge Street
^™- Railway Company,
which has recently
been absorbed by the
West End Railway.
In these years Cam
bridge has increased
from six thousand to
nearly eighty thou
sand inhabitants who
pay uniform five-cent
fares. The starting
point of all this was
the foresight and enterprise of Mr. Stearns and his co
adjutors. He has also borne an important part in de
veloping a township in Alinnesota. He is descended
from Isaac Stearns, who came to Salem from England
in 1630. On the occasion of the funeral of Daniel Web
ster, he fitted out his largest omnibus, named for the
statesman long before, with six big grays, and piloted
the coach, full of prominent Cambridge men to Marsh-
field, forty miles and return, the same day.

THOMAS STEARNS

CAMBRIDGE.

299

¦ ¦

M<

CHESTER WARD KINGSLEY, one of the most
enterprising and public spirited citizens of
Cambridge, was born in Brighton, June 9, 1824, his
parents being Moses and Mary Kingsley. His initial
education was obtained in his native town, where his
father died when Chester was but four years old, and
at the age of ten he was thrown upon his own resources.
He made his way to Michigan, and passed five years
in that then wild region. Returning to Brighton, he
finished his school
life in the grammar
and high schools, and
afterward learned the
trade of a carpenter.
This not proving con
genial to his temper
ament, he sought
another occupation
in applying for and
accepting the posi
tion of messenger in
the old bank of
Brighton, where he
remained as such
two years. He was
afterwards teller in
the same bank three
years. In 1851 he
became cashier of the
Cambridge Market
Bank, remaining
there five years ; 1856
he went into the
wholesale provision
business in Boston,
and retired from that
in 1865. Since then
he has been inter
ested in, and treas
urer of, an anthra
cite coal company in Pennsylvania, and during the time
was the president of the National Bank of Brighton,
which was the successor to the old bank in which he
began his business life. Mr. Kingsley was married in
Boston by Rev. Dr. George W. Blagden, in May, 1846,
to Mary Jane, the daughter of Daniel and Hannah
Todd, of Brighton, and they have had seven children,
four of whom are now living, — Ella Jane (Mrs. M.
Clinton Bacon), Addie May (Mrs. D. Frank Ellis),

CHESTER W. KINGSLEY

Luceba Dorr (Mrs. Parker F. Soule), and C. W. Kings-
ley. Mr. Kingsley has been an alderman of Cam
bridge, a member of the School Board, a prominent
member of the Cambridge Water Board since 1865, and
president of the same for many years past. He was a
member of the House of Representatives in 1882, 1883
and 1884, and senator from the Third Middlesex Dis
trict in 1888 and 1889. He was chairman of the com
mittee which reported and carried through the Legisla
ture the Metropolitan
Sewerage Bill for the
valleys of the Charles
and Mystic rivers.
He was a member of
the Rapid Transit
Commission of 1891
to recommend a sys
tem of rapid transit
for Boston and the
suburban districts.
He is one of the trus
tees of the American
Baptist Education
Society, Colby Uni
versity, Newton The
ological Institution,
Worcester Academy
and the Massachu
setts Baptist State
Convention. He was
for three years pres
ident of the Ameri
can Baptist Home
Alissionary Society.
He has been one of
the executive com
mittee of the Amer
ican Baptist Mission
ary Union, and pres
ident of the Boston
Baptist Social Union, and is a member of the Cambridge,
Colonial and Massachusetts clubs. He is a life -long Pro
hibitionist and Republican. In recent years Air. Kingsley
has been very active in beautifying and enlarging North
Cambridge, where he resides. Streets have been laid,
trees planted, attractive dwellings of the higher grades
built, sewers constructed, and everything possible has
been done by him to enhance the importance and in
terests of the city.

3 <x>

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

CHARLES JOHN McINTIRE has been the city laws. He was also one of the organizers of the Colo-
solicitor of the city of Cambridge since March nial Club, and is a member of the Cambridge and

12, 1886. He is the only son of Ebenezer and Amelia
Augustine (Landais) Mclntire ; was born and has always
lived at Cambridge. His paternal ancestors came to
Salem from Argyll, in Scotland, about 1650. In 1733
they went to Charlton (formerly Oxford), in Worcester

Newetowne clubs. Mr. Mclntire is a convincing advo
cate and strong counsellor, and has attained success in
competition with the eminent practitioners of the
Massachusetts bar. A leading member of the bar of
his county, whose constant presence in court makes him

County, the birthplace of his father. His mother is better qualified to form an opinion than almost any
the daughter of a French engineer officer, commissioned other, writes of him : " The honorable position attained
by Mr. Mclntire at
the justly celebrated
Middlesex bar is in
itself all sufficient to

in the United States
army on the recom
mendation of his
uncle, Colonel Tou-
sard, who came over
with Lafayette and
organized our artil
lery service under
General Washington.
She was born in Fort
Aloultrie, Charleston,
South Carolina.
Through her mother
she is a lineal descen
dant of John Read,
one of the leading
lawyers of Boston in
colonial days, and
also of his son-in-
law, Charles Morris,
born in Boston, but
who for many years
was chief justice of
Nova Scotia. While
still a student, Mr.
Mclntire enlisted as
a private in the Forty-
fourth Massachusetts
Regiment, and was
with it in all its en
gagements during the
Civil War, including the famous defence of the besieged
town of Washington, N. C. He has since held many
positions of trust, among which are terms in the Board
of Aldermen, Common Council, School Board and the
Legislature. He has been assistant district attorney ;
assisted in framing the new city charter for Cambridge,
and in revising the city ordinances ; and at the present
time, by appointment of the governor, he is a member
of the commission to revise and codify the election

CHARLES J. McINTIRE

lead to a just esti
mate of his legal
abilities. The time
has passed when men,
by chance or fortui-
t o u s circumstance,
step to the front rank
of the profession.
Patient study and un
tiring devotion only
lead to success. Mr.
Alclntire's success is
nowhere better illus
trated than in his
administration of the
office of city solic
itor of Cambridge.
He has been called
upon to obtain varied
and important legis
lation ; he has mas
tered the whole range
of municipal law and
become the safe ad
viser of the city's
officials ; he has ex
ercised rare judg
ment in the settlement of claims, and prudently adjusted
large suits incident upon the extension of the water
works ; and when called into court he has managed his
cases with tact and skill, and vvith a quiet dignity which
can only be obtained by the consciousness of a thorough
mastery of his case and of the law." Not only of all the
intricacies of municipal law but of general law as well
Mr. Alclntire is considered a thorough master. His
Boston office is in Pemberton Square.

CAMBRIDGE.

301

THOMAS WENTWORTH HIGGINSON, author,
was born in Cambridge, Dec. 22, 1823 ; was
graduated at Harvard in 1S41, and at the Harvard
Divinity School in 1847, when he was ordained pastor
of the First Congregational Society in Newburyport,
Mass. He left this church on account of anti-slavery
preaching in 1850, and in the same year was an unsuc
cessful Free-soil candidate for Congress. He was sub
sequently pastor of a free church in Worcester, Mass.,
from 1852 to 1858,
when he left the
ministry and devoted
himself to literature.
He had been active
in the anti- slavery
agitation of this
period, and for his
part in the attempted
rescue of a fugitive
slave, Anthony
Burns, was indicted
for murder with
Theodore Parker,
Wendell Phillips and
others, but was dis
charged owing to a
flaw in the indict
ment. He also
aided in the organi
zation of Free State
forces in Kansas.
He was appointed
captain in the Fifty-
first Alassachusetts
Regiment, Sept. 25,
1862, and in the
following November
was made colonel of
the First South
Carolina Volun
teers (afterwards called the Thirty-third United States
Troops), the first regiment of freed slaves mustered into
the national service. He took and held Jacksonville,
Fla., but was wounded in South Carolina, in August,
1863, and in October, 1864, resigned on account of
disability. He then engaged in literature at Newport,
R. I., till 1878, and afterwards at Cambridge, where he
has since resided. He is an earnest advocate of woman
suffrage and of the higher education of both sexes. He

titi&BBBBto

THOMAS W. HIGGINSON

was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature in 1880
and 1 88 1, serving as chief-of-staff to the governor dur
ing the same time, and in 1881-83 was a member of the
Board of Education. He has contributed largely to the
leading American periodicals. He is the author of
"Out-Door Papers" (1863); " Malbone, an Oldport
Romance " (1869) ; "Army Life in a Black Regiment "
(1870) ; French translation by Madame de Gasparin
(1884); "Atlantic Essays" (1871); "Oldport Days"
(1873); "Young
Folks' History of
the United States "
(1875); French
translation (1875) ;
German translation
(1876); Italian
translation (1888) ;
" Common Sense
About Women"
(1881) ; "Life of
Margaret Fuller
Ossoli," "American
Men of Letters"
series (1884) ;
" Larger History of
the United States, to
the Close of Jack-
so n ' s Administra
tion" (1885) ; "The
Monarch of Dreams"
(1886) ; "Hints on
Writing and Speech-
making " (1887);
"Short Studies of
American Authors "
(1879) ; "Women
and Men" (1888) ;
"The Afternoon
Landscape" (1889) ;
"Life of Francis
Higginson" (1891) ; "The New World and the New
Book" (1892); " Concerning All of Us" (1892). He
has also translated the "Complete Works of Epictetus"
(1865), and edited the "Harvard Memorial Biogra
phies " (two volumes, 1865), and "Brief Biographies of
European Statesmen " (four volumes, 1875-77). Several
of his works have been reprinted in England. As a
lecturer, Colonel Higginson has been extremely popular.
He is a member of the Republican Club of Massachusetts.

302

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

DR. DUDLEY A. SARGENT, director of the Hem-
enway Gymnasium at Harvard College, presi
dent of the American Association for the Advancement
of Physical Education, and chairman of the Advisory-
Council of the World's Fair Auxiliary Congress of
Physical Culture, is entitled to the credit of having
originated and introduced into Harvard College a sys
tem of physical culture based on therapeutic principles,
which has been so successful that nearly all of the
important colleges
and private gymna
siums of the country
have taken up the
method. Dr. Sar
gent, believing that
proper physical train
ing, together with
logical attention to
dietetics, bathing,
sleep, clothing, etc.,
would not only make
the weak strong, and
the strong well, but
would also attack in
cipient forms of dis
ease and fortify the
system against the
evil tendencies of
our civilization,
evolved a system of
individualism in
physical culture
which had for its
groundwork the ac
tual needs of each
particular person.
This was in contra
diction to the mili
tary or group method,
whereby persons of
unequal development and varying conditions of health
were all given the same exercise, which resulted in
abnormal development to some and injured others by
over-exertion. To remedy this, Dr. Sargent, by a series
of measurements and a study of the physique of the
individual, prescribed a course of training to suit each
case. Dr. Sargent was born in Belfast, Ale., Sept. 28,
1849, of old Puritan stock, John Rogers being one of
his ancestors. He was always fond of out-door sports,

and early developed strength and agility. He attended
the public schools at Belfast. His career as an expo
nent of physical culture was probably decided by the
breaking of a piece of apparatus in the local athletic
club, for which he was expelled from the organiza
tion. Piqued, he bent all his energies on gymnastic
practice and at a subsequent exhibition surpassed all the
members of the club to which he had belonged. In
1869 he accepted the position of instructor of gym
nastics at Bowdoin,
by which he earned
money enough to fit
himself to enter the
freshman class in
1 87 1. In this year
he was given full
charge of the depart
ment. In 1872 Dr.
Sargent became di
rector of the Yale
College Gymnasium,
also continuing his
connection with that
of Bowdoin, from
which college he
graduated in 1875.
He graduated from
the Yale AI e d i c a 1
School in 1878. It
was while studying
medicine at Yale that
he developed his
new system of physi
cal culture, which has
now become almost
universal. He sub
mitted his plan to
the Yale faculty, but
it was rejected,
whereupon he re
signed, going to New York, where he took a special
course of hygiene and medicine. He put his system
into practice in the Fifth Avenue Gymnasium, and soon
gained a wide reputation. In 1879 he accepted the
position of assistant professor of physical training at
Harvard College, and it was under his direction that the
then new Hemenway Gymnasium was fitted up. Dr.
Sargent has been a frequent contributor to the magazines
and reviews.

DUDLEY A. SARGENT

CAMBRIDGE.

303

JOHN FISKE, historian and philosopher, was born
in Hartford, Conn., March 30, 1843, the only child
of Edmund Brewster Green, of Smyrna, Del., and Mary
Fiske (Bound) Green, of Middleton, Conn. The father
was an editor of newspapers, at different times, in Hart
ford, New York and Panama, where he died in 1852.
His widow married Edwin W. Stoughton, of New York,
in 1855. The son's name was originally Edmund Fiske
Green. In 1855 he took the name of his maternal
great- grandfather,
John Fiske. He was
graduated at Har
vard in 1863, and at
the Law School in
1865, having been
already admitted to
the Suffolk bar in
1864, but he never
practised the law.
His career as an au
thor began in 1861,
vvith an article on
" Mr. Buckle's Falla
cies," in the " Na
tional Quarterly
Review." Since that
time he has been
a frequent contribu
tor to British and
American magazines.
In 1869-71 he was
university lecturer on
philosophy at Har
vard, in 1870 in
structor i n history
there, and 1872-79
assistant librarian.
He was elected to
the Board of Over
seers twice, serving
from 1879 to 1891. Since 1881 he has lectured annually
on American history in Washington University, St. Louis,
and since 1884 has held a professorship of American
history in that institution, but continues to make his
home in Cambridge. He lectured on American history
at University College, London, in 1879, and at the
Royal Institution of Great Britain in 1880. Since 187 1
he has given many hundred lectures. The largest part
of his life has been devoted to the study of history, but

at an early age inquiries into the nature of human prog
ress led him to a careful study of the doctrine of evolu
tion, and his first lectures on the subject brought him
into prominence. In 187 1 he made his remarkable
discovery of the effects of the prolongation of infancy in
bringing about the development of man from a lower
creature. His conclusions were accepted by Darwin
and Spencer. His published works are — "Tobacco

and Alcohol" (New York, 1

JOHN FISKE.

"Myths and Myth-
makers " (Boston,
1872) ; " Outlines of
Cosmic Philosophy,
Based on the Doc
trine of Evolution "
(2 volumes, London,
1874), republished
in Boston; "The
Unseen World"
(Boston, 1876) ;
"Darwinism and
Other Essays" (Lon
don, 1879), new and
enlarged edition
(Boston, 1885);
" Excursions of an
Evolutionist" (Bos
ton, 1885); "The
Destiny of AI a n
Viewed in the Light
of his Origin " (Bos
ton, 1884); "The
Idea of God as Af
fected by Modern
Knowledge" (Bos
ton, 1885) ; "Amer
ican Political Ideas
Viewed from the
Standpoint of Uni
versal History"
(New York, 1885) ;
"The Critical Period of American History" (Boston,
1889); "The Beginnings of New England" (Boston,
1889) ; "The Discovery of America, with Some Account
of Ancient America and the Spanish Conquest" (2 vol
umes, Boston, 1892). The last-named is Mr. Fiske's most
elaborate, and one of his most original works, including
the results of investigations carried on for a quarter of a
century. It is his habit to keep his books partly written
and ripening for several years before publishing them.

3°4

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

THE name of Agassiz is synonymous with the ad
vanced knowledge of nature, zoological and geo
logical, in the United States. Alexander Agassiz, the
only son of the late Louis Agassiz, the naturalist, by his
first wife, was born in Neufchatel, Switzerland, Dec. 17,
1S35. In 1846, his father, after a long career as a
scientist and author in Europe, came to the United
States at the suggestion of Humboldt, under the patron
age of the King of Prussia, and incidentally to deliver a
series of lectures on
" Comparative Em
bryology" at the
Lowell Institute, Bos
ton. His mission of
research proved s o
successful and prom
ising for further
knowledge, that he
determined to make
America his home,
and accepted a pro
fessorship made for
him in the Lawrence
Scientific School,
Cambridge, by its
founder. Young Al
exander followed in
1849, his early edu-
c at ion completed.
He prepared for
Harvard, and gradu-
tedini855. After a
course of engineer
ing in the Scientific
School, he received
the degree of B. S.,
and took a course in
chemistry ; then he
taught in his father's
school for young
ladies. He assisted in the California coast survey in
1859, and collected specimens for the museum that the
elder Agassiz had established at Cambridge, visiting on
the same tour many of the mines. In i860 he became
assistant in the museum, taking charge in 1865, while
his father was in Brazil. Coal mining in Pennsylvania
also engaged his attention in 1865, and in the following
year he made the Lake Superior copper mines his study.
There, in 1 869, he was made superintendent of the Calumet

and Hecla mines, and developed them until they became
the most prolific ore bearers known. From the wealth
they have brought him he has increased the capacity of
the Agassiz Museum of Comparative Zoology, of which
he is the head, more than threefold, at a monetary ex
pense to himself of more than $500,000, not to mention
the years of personal care and oversight. He examined
the museums of England, France, Germany, Italy and
Scandinavia in 1869-70, and on the death of his father
succeeded to his po
sition in 1874. He
was director of the
Anderson School of
Natural History in
1873, and visited the
western coast of
South America in
1875, making notes
of the copper mines
of Peru and Chili,
and a survey of Lake
Titicaca, collecting
for the Peabody
Museum many an
tiquities. He assisted
Sir Wyville Thomp
son, of Scotland, in
arranging the collec
tions made by the
" Challenger " ex
ploring expedition, a
part of which he
brought home, and
he wrote one of its
final reports. Deep-
sea dredging was his
winter occupation in
1876-81, in connec
tion with the United
States coast survey,
the steamer "Blake" having been tendered him by the
government. Mr. Agassiz has been a fellow and over
seer of Harvard College, is a member of the National
Academy of Sciences, and of the American Association
for the Advancement of Science. His publications are
chiefly on marine zoology. It is said of him that " he is
the best authority in the world on certain forms of marine
life." In the fall of 1892 he projected and entered upon
an extended exploration of the West Indian waters.

ALEXANDER AGASSIZ.

CAMBRIDGE.

305

TO bear the distinction of having originated and built
the first typical American railway passenger car
is certainly a great honor. Charles Davenport is de
scended from Thomas Davenport, who came from Eng
land to Dorchester, Mass., before 1640. He was born
in Newton Upper Falls, May 25, 181 2, and was the
seventh of a family of twelve children, four of whom
lived to be more than eighty years old, and three of
whom are now living. In 1828 he was apprenticed to
George W. Randall,
of Cambridgeport, to
learn the wood-work
of the coach and
carriage-m aki n g
trade. In 1832, be
fore he was twenty
years old, Captain
E. Kimball and he
bought Mr. Randall
out, and he started
for himself with two
journeymen and four
apprentices. Cap
tain Kimball was the
landlord of the Pearl
Street Hotel, and, in
connection with a
livery stable, ran two
or three coaches a
day between Cam
bridge and Boston.
H e furnished the
money. Mr. Daven
port thereafter built
all the carriages of
the establishment,
and taking half the
profits, h e doubled
the business the first
year. Mr. Daven
port's business prospects were so good that Mr. Kimball
advised him to buy out the blacksmith, painter, harness-
maker and trimmer, who were in the same yard, and to
combine all the business under his own direction. In
1833-34, the firm built a large number of all kinds of
vehicles, including sleighs, and the first omnibus built in
New England. In the fall of 1834 Mr. Davenport took
the contract to build some four-wheel railway cars for
the Boston & Worcester Road, to seat twenty-four people

CHARLES DAVENPORT

each. They were the first ever designed with a passage
way running from end to end between the seats, all of
previous construction having been in three compart
ments, half the passengers riding backwards. In 1836-37
he built for the Eastern Railroad twenty four-wheel cars
with platforms and doors on the end, and a passageway
through each car. A model of these cars was exhibited
at the Alechanics Fair in 1837, also a model of the Dav
enport patent draw-spring and bumper, patented in
1835. Mr. Daven
port also patented a
swing bolster to allow
the truck of his long
sixteen-wheel cars to
move sidewise with
out swaying the body
of the car. Upon
these patents some
$90,000 was paid in
royalties. Their cars
were the first that
were provided with a
ladies' saloon, toilet-
room and wide turn
over backs to the
seats. His suc-ees-
s i v e improvements
brought him gold and
silver medals from
the Mechanics Fair.
The firm names of
Kimball & Daven
port, Davenport &
Bridges, and Charles
Davenport will long
be remembered b y
old-time railroad
men and travellers.
Mr. Davenport was
the first large car
builder in the United States, and for twenty-two years
his firm led the business in the country, having con
structed, between 1834 and 1856, some $3,000,000 worth
of cars for more than fifty different roads, from Maine to
Alabama, and in Cuba, and had two hundred men at
work on cars. In 1844 Major Whistler wanted Mr. Dav
enport to go to Russia and take a contract to build the
railroad cars for the St. Petersburg & Aloscow Railroad.
This flattering offer was declined on account of an

3°6

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

excess of work here, and for family reasons. This Rus
sian contract afterwards proved very profitable to those
who accepted it. Through the suggestion of the late
John E. Thayer, Mr. Davenport took from the Eastern
Railroad in 1837 $10,000 in stock, as part payment for
$200,000 worth of rolling-stock. This stock advancing
ten or twelve per cent, he took $50,000 stock of the
Fitchburg Railroad on $250,000 contracts. This also
went up fifteen per cent above par. Had it sold for that
amount below par, Mr. Davenport said it would have been
better for the firm, for subsequently eight or ten other
railroad companies induced the firm to take twenty to
twenty-five per cent in stock as payments on large con
tracts for cars, and they lost more than $300,000 by a
fall in value of the stock. No creditor, however, lost by
their mistake. In 1849 Mr. Davenport lost all his
property, but not his credit, so he went ahead again.
Between 1850 and 1853 he built more than $800,000
worth of cars, agreeing with his new creditors in ad
vance to take the same kind of pay from him that he
took from the railroads. He thus cleared $100,000.
Those he dealt with declining to continue this arrange
ment, he sold out as soon as he could, preferring to live
upon the interest of what he already possessed rather
than to take any risk to gain more.
But the building of railroad cars has not been the only
achievement of Air. Davenport. While he was filling a
contract for Cuba, he visited Havana, and saw the small
embankment on the bay there, where the people sat
under the palms, enjoying the breezes from the bay.
His mind wandered back to his home in Cambridge, and
he saw the opportunity for a beautiful water park upon
the Charles River Basin. Returning, he bought at
different times three quarters of the marsh land in Cam
bridge between the West Boston and Brookline bridges
for a water park. In 1868 he had his plans for the great
improvement before the Legislative Commissioners,
showing how the park would be if his idea was carried
out, on both sides of the bay. This plan was practically
adopted by the park commissioners and has been in the
Boston City Hall for twenty years. The outcome of this
is the beautiful beginning of Charlesbank now finished
on the Boston side, between Leverett and Cambridge
streets, and the rapid walling and filling of Mr. Daven
port's land on the Cambridge side, which he sold to the
Embankment Company, of which he is a director.
Air. Davenport says that when the boulevards on both
sides of the bay are completed, there will be reserved a
beautiful inland sea of about five hundred acres, with a

delightful boulevard two hundred feet wide and more
than five miles long around the bay, containing a hun
dred and ten acres, making, with the adjoining pleasure
grounds, eight hundred acres, equal in area to New York
Central Park. This will allow fine facilities for boating
and other pleasant and healthful exercise and will make
this bay the most beautiful water park in the world, and
a cause of pride to all citizens. Instead of the bad odor
from the unsightly flats, they will all be covered from
three to ten feet at low tide. On pleasant days and
evenings, this wide bay, the boulevards on both shores,
and the wide bridge across the bay, — they being so
central and accessible from all parts of the metropolis,
— will draw many people in boats, carriages and on
foot, and the park will equal in beauty and attraction
any place of resort in Europe or America. The people
will wonder why the embankment was not made years
ago. Dr. H. I. Bowditch, Dr. O. W. Holmes and many
other of the leading physicians have testified that the
benefits to health which the citizens will receive from
an embankment on this bay cannot be estimated in
dollars and cents.
Mr. Davenport is the only surviving director of the
Hancock Free Bridge Corporation, which made West
Boston bridge free. He has been prominent in further
ing many of the interests of Boston and its environs,
by taking hundreds of thousands of stock in the New
England Railroad, and by his influence in the building of
Harvard bridge, and the extension of Washington Street
to Haymarket Square. He confidently predicts that a
radius of ten miles from the State House will within
forty years inclose a population of some 2,000,000. The
population in said radius has doubled every twenty years
since 1830.
Few men have enjoyed life better than Air. Daven
port. He gave up his car business when he was forty-
five, and has visited Europe three times, and travelled
six thousand miles in visiting all the large cities and
important and interesting places. He has also visited
all the large cities this side of the Mississippi River
between Halifax and New Orleans ; also all the summer
resorts within five hundred miles of Boston. He has
four sons, two daughters and fifteen grandchildren.
His son, son-in-law and grandson graduated at Har
vard, and four grandsons are now fitting for Harvard.
The longevity of Mr. Davenport's family is shown in
the fact that his grandparents and their six children
lived to an average of eighty-one years. The oldest
was ninety-three and the youngest seventy years,

CAMBRIDGE.

307

AMONG the great educational advantages that have
been introduced at Harvard University during the
last quarter of a century is the establishment of the depart
ment of music. The study of musical theory, composi
tion, history and aesthetics thus found an equal place
among the other humanities, and the example of Harvard
has been emulated by our leading universities. We owe
this step mainly to the zeal and ability of John Knowles
Paine, who, in 1872, suggested that the study of har
mony should be made
elective to the stu
dents. From this
initiative step the
higher study of music
was gradually devel
oped at Harvard
until it was recog
nized as one of the
regular departments
in which special
honors are given.
Mr. Paine was ap -
pointed professor of
music in 1876. He
was born in Portland,
Ale., Jan. 9, 1837.
He showed musical
talent early in life,
and first appeared in
public as organist
and pianist in 1856-
57. He visited Ger
many in 1858, where
h e studied under
Haupt and others.
After giving several
organ concerts in
Berlin he returned
home in 1861. The
following autumn he
gave his first organ concerts in Boston, and was ac
knowledged as the first representative of the Bach
school of organ playing. In 1862 he was called to Har
vard as organist and instructor. In 1867 he had the
prestige of directing his Mass in D at the celebrated
Sing-akademie of Berlin. In June, 1873, he conducted
the first performance of his oratorio of "St. Peter." His
first great success was the performance of his symphony
in C minor, given by Theodore Thomas in the Boston

JOHN K. PAINE

Alusic Hall, Jan. 6, 1876. Many of his orchestral works
have since been made familiar to the American public
by Thomas and others. He composed the "Centennial
Hymn" of Whittier, sung with great enthusiasm at the
opening of the exhibition in Philadelphia in 1876. Per
haps the climax of his popular achievement was the
music of his " CEdipus Tyrannus " of Sophocles, as pro
duced in Sanders Theatre, Cambridge, in May, 1881.
Mr. John Fiske, in Appleton's Cyclopaedia, says of it :
" The most complete
resources of modern
chorus and orchestra
were brought to bear
on the task of ren
dering the peculiar
and subtle religious
sentiment of the
Greek tragic drama.
The work is one of
wonderful sublim
ity." It expressed
the tragic pathos of
the drama more
potently than any
other modern exam-
pi e. Among his
other compositions
are the cantata
" Phcebu s Arise"
(1882); Keats'
"Realm of Fancy"
(1882); Milton's
"Nativity" (Handel
and Haydn Festival,
1883) ; national
cantata, " A Song of
Promise " (Cincin
nati Festival, 1888) ;
"Spring" symphony,
symphonic poem to
Shakespeare's " Tempest," " An Island Fantasy " for
orchestra, overture to " As You Like It," and songs,
motets, organ preludes, piano pieces, string quartet,
piano trios, violin sonata, etc. His last work is the
" Columbus March and Hymn," composed by official
invitation for the opening ceremonies of the World's
Columbian Exposition, Chicago, October, 1892. Sev
eral of his orchestral works have been performed in
Paris, Vienna, Berlin, and other foreign cities.

THE city of Worcester is popularly known as "The Heart of the Commonwealth," a designation to which its
situation in the State entitles it, and one which is still further borne out by the arterial ramifications of the
railway lines which diverge from it.
The city presents many of the usual features of a New England municipality, but with the sturdy conserva
tism of the native New Englander it still preserves numerous characteristics of the primitive Yankee village from
which it has grown to its present size and importance. Its principal street is still called Alain Street, and until
very recently was adorned throughout its length by rows of stately elms. Fifteen minutes' walk, or a brief ride in
almost any direction, brings one into the country, for included within the thirty-six square miles of its territory are
very numerous farms in a high state of cultivation, and contributing annually a large sum, in the value of their
products, to the aggregate productions of the city.
The population of Worcester in 1890 was 84,655, and various local statistics show that it must be now, in
1892, over 92,000. It is the second city in the Commonwealth, and the third in New England. This population
includes members of almost every civilized race. The varied character of Worcester's industries has made it the
attraction for all kinds and conditions of men, and it speaks well for the adaptive character of these immigrants
that they have been wrought into the homogeneous, law-abiding population which the city possesses.
The secret is to be found in industry, and one element, and an important one, in the success of Worcester's
industries is their variety. Unlike many New England manufacturing cities, Worcester is dependent on no one
occupation. It produces everything from a paper doll to a power loom. With the exception of paper, there is
not a staple product of manufacture in New England that has not its representative in this thriving city. The
result is greater financial security for both manufacturer and workman, a greater number of homes owned by the
laborer, larger deposits in the savings banks, and, finally, a freedom from labor troubles of a serious character with
ensuing losses on all sides. The largest single industry is wire making, in which over four thousand men are
employed by the Washburn & Moen Manufacturing Company. Then follow in importance the Crompton and the
Knowles Loom Works, fifteen factories engaged in the manufacture of shoes, a greater number of woollen mills,
two large carpet mills, and then the hundreds of machine shops turning out daily every variety of machine which
ingenuity can invent, or a want demand. More patents are annually issued to residents of Worcester County than
to inhabitants of any other county in the Union.
Most of these industries have grown from small beginnings. A feature of the city industrially has always
been its supply of rooms with power, for rent on easy terms. Many a prosperous concern dates its success from
the start in a small way, made with a few feet of floor surface and power supplied by the landlord.
Then Worcester is a railroad centre. It is reached by rail direct from Boston, Providence, Norwich,
Nashua and Springfield, and has good train service in every direction, over seventy trains running out of the city
daily. Its street railways have recently been extended to the suburbs north, south and east, and the work of
substituting electricity for horse power is now going on. It has a magnificent system of water supply, equal to all
demands for many years to come. Water is used very freely in manufacturing, and its use is encouraged by the
low rate of fifteen cents per one thousand gallons.
Worcester has eight national banks, with a combined capital of $2,450,000. Its savings banks have deposits
amounting to $26,642,000.
The city is favored in its educational institutions. It has an excellent system of public schools a State
Normal School, and Worcester Academy, in the elementary grades, while in the collegiate rank are the Worcester
Polytechnic Institute and the College of the Holy Cross, with Clark University, which because of its unique
character is a class by itself. The libraries of the city comprise over 300,000 volumes.
The public parks comprise over three hundred and sixty acres, and Lake Quinsigamond, only two miles
away, furnishes a beautiful water park.

WORCESTER.

309

FRANCIS A. HARRINGTON was born in Worcester,
Nov. 17, 1846. His ancestors were of sturdy old
New England stock — farmers, nearly all of them, and
Francis began life in this same ancient and honorable
profession. One of his ancestors, his maternal grand
father, was one of that determined band who showed
King George III. that tea and salt water would mix by
dumping into Boston harbor the shiploads a confiding
British ministry had dispatched to the colonial town.
The father of the
subject of this sketch
was Daniel Harring
ton, farmer, militia
captain, common
councilman and al
derman. Francis
worked on the pater
nal farm, and at
tended the public
schools of Worcester,
supplementing them
with a course in the
Worcester Academy
and at a business
college. When he
was twenty-five years
of age he entered
the livery stable
business, and in
company with his
brother still contin
ues in it, having now
one of the largest
stables in the city.
Mr. Harrington is a
man of great mod
esty, seeking only to
do his best in what
ever he undertakes,
and avoiding all pub
licity. What he has made of himself has been done by
hard work and persistent attention to the task in hand.
He is a church member and a firm believer in the prin
ciples of temperance. Mr. Harrington's public career
began in 1886, when he was selected as the representa
tive of Ward Three in the Board of Aldermen. He
continued in the board for three years, the latter portion
of the time as president. He served on the committees
on Claims, Sewers, Military, Charities and Sewer Assess-

FRANCIS A. HARRINGTON.

ments. He was chairman of the Sewer Committee when
the purification works at Lake Quinsigamond were erected,
and has followed closely the course of the experiments
and large expenditures in this department ever since.
In December, 1889, he was elected mayor, to succeed
Hon. Samuel Winslow. He has since been twice re
elected. During his three years of incumbency of the
office, some great improvements, involving great ex
penditures of money, have been made. Chief among
them are the purifi-
cation works, on
which nearly two
hundred thousand
dollars have been
expended ; the rais
ing of the Holden
dam, at a cost of one
hundred thousand
dollars, and the con
struction of the new
English High School,
at a cost of nearly
one hundred and
fifty thousand dollars.
He gave to the affairs
of the city the same
faithful attention that
had won success in
his private business,
and his sound com
mon-sense and com
mercial sagacity and
experience proved of
the greatest value to
the city in the large
expenditures which
were necessary dur
ing the years he was
in the public service.
His administrations
of the office were singularly able and free from all re
proach. He was enabled to accomplish not a little in
placing Worcester among the most progressive munici
palities of New England. The mayor is prominent in
Masonic circles, and has held high offices in the order,
as also in the Odd Fellows. He has been master of the
Worcester Grange, and is deservedly popular in the
order, as well as in the social, business and political life
of the city.

;I0

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

HENRY ALEXANDER MARSH, mayor of Wor
cester, was born in Southborough, Mass., Sept. 7,
1836, the son of Alexander and Maria (Fay) Marsh.
The family moved to Worcester in 1849, and Mr. Marsh
attended the public schools of Worcester during the three
following years. In 1852 he entered the high school,
which he soon left to continue his studies with the Rev.
Edward Everett Hale, then pastor of the Church of the
Unity in Worcester. In June, 1853, Mr. Marsh entered
the employ of the
Central Bank as
clerk. He has since
passed through all
the grades in bank
ing service, and is
now president of the
bank, a position to
which he was elected
Jan. 12, 1892. Air.
Marsh's public ser
vice began in 1867,
when he became a
member of the Com
mon Council, and
served two years.
He was elected an
alderman in 1878,
and served four
years, the last one
as president of the
board. Though fre
quently solicited to
take public office in
other capacities than
those named above,
he always declined
until, in 1892, the
very general demand
of the citizens per
suaded him to accept
a nomination as mayor. He was elected in December,
receiving the largest vote ever cast for a mayoralty can
didate in the history of the city. Air. Marsh's business
reputation and high character have led to his selection
on numerous occasions for positions of trust. He has
undoubtedly held more offices of a fiduciary nature than
any other citizen of Worcester. In 1856 he was secre
tary and treasurer of the Worcester Lyceum and Library
Association. From 1869 to 1875 he was a director of

the Free Public Library. He has been a trustee of the
People's Savings Bank since 1869, and vice-president of
the board since 1892. He was a commissioner of the
sinking funds of the city in 1875 and 1876, and has
served continuously in this capacity since 1882. Still
other offices of trust are — trustee of the City Hospital in
1879 and since 1889, auditor of the State Mutual Life
Assurance Company from 1880 to 1885, trustee of the
Rural Cemetery Corporation in 1882, chairman of the
Worcester Clearing
House Association
since 1884, commis
sioner of CityHospi-
j tal funds since 1888,
member of the com
mittee to examine the
accounts of the treas
urer of Harvard Col
lege, 1875 to 1877,
director of the Asso
ciated Charities
since 1890. Air.
Marsh has very fre
quently been se
lected as executor of
estates. In this ca
pacity he settled the
large estates of
George Jaques, Lu
cius J. Knowles,
Helen C. Knowles
and William A. Den-
holm. He has also
been treasurer of
public relief funds
on many occasions,
notably for the Irish,
Michigan forest fire,
Charleston earth
quake, yellow fever
and Conemaugh Valley funds. Air. Marsh married, Sept.
7, 1864, Emily W., daughter of John C. and Sarah Miles
Mason. Three children have been born to them, of
whom two daughters survive. Air. Marsh is a member
of the Worcester Club, the Quinsigamond Boat Club,
and of the St. Wulstan Society, and is treasurer of the
last-named organization. Few citizens of Worcester
have been called to so many different positions of trust
as Mr. Marsh, or have filled them so satisfactorily.

HENRY A. MARSH.

WORCESTER.

Ill

STEPHEN SALISBURY, third of the name, was born
in Worcester, March 31, 1835, the son of the sec
ond Stephen Salisbury and of Rebekah Scott (Dean)
Salisbury. He left the Worcester High School in 1S52,
and entered Harvard College, from which he was grad
uated in the class of 1S56. Going to Europe immedi
ately after graduation, he was matriculated at Frederick
William LTniversity in Berlin, and remained in Europe
more than two years, dividing his time between the
Berlin University, the
Ecole de Droit in
Paris and travel, vis
iting different por
tions of England,
Scotland, Ireland,
and the Continent,
and also the less
known countries of
Greece and Turkey.
Air. Salisbury re
turned to Worcester
in 1858 and studied
law. He received
the degree of LL. B.
at Harvard in 1861,
and was admitted to
the Worcester bar.
In the winter of 1861
Air. Salisbury- visited
Yucatan, and passed
six months studying
the interesting In
dian remains of that
country. The results
of this and subse
quent visits and in
vestigations are em
bodied in several
interesting contribu
tions to the transac
tions of the American Antiquarian Society. Air. Salis
bury has been generous to his native city. The Dean
and Salisbury buildings, the first apartment houses in
Worcester constructed on the most modern plan, and
numerous buildings for manufactories and for homes,
have been erected by him. He has given to the city a
ward at the City Hospital and the beautiful Institute
Park, a pleasure ground of eighteen acres on the borders
of Salisbury Pond. The land was graded and laid out,

STEPHEN SALISBURY.

and the various buildings thereon were erected at Air.
Salisbury's expense and under his personal supervision
and direction. The Salisbury Laboratories at the Poly
technic Institute are another of his gifts. Air. Salisbury
was elected to the Common Council in 1863, 1865
and 1866. In the latter year he was president of the
board. In 1892 he was elected to the Alassachusetts
Senate from the Worcester city district. He became a
director of the Worcester National Bank in 1865, and
its president on the
death of his father,
in 1884. He has
been president of the
Worcester County
Institution for Sav
ings since 1882. He
has been a director
of the State Alutual
Life Assurance Com
pany since 1863, and
was a director of the
Worcester, Nashua
oc Rochester and of
the Boston, Barre &
Gardner railroads
until their absorption
by the Boston &
Maine and the Fitch
burg roads. He was
a trustee of the City
Hospital from its
incorporation in 1871
until 1889 and its
secretary for seven
teen years, and he is
also a trustee of the
Washburn Alemorial
Hospital, and held
the position of sec
retary for ten years.
He was elected trustee of the [Worcester Polytechnic
Institute in 18S4, of Clark University in 1S87, and
treasurer since 1891, and of the Peabody Museum of
Archaeology in 1887. Air. Salisbury is a member of the
American Antiquarian Society, of which he has been
president since 18S7 ; American Geographical Society,
Alassachusetts Historical Society, New England Historic
Genealogical Society, Conservatorio Yucateco, and of the
Socie'dad Alexicana de Geografia y Estadistica.

312

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

SAMUEL SWEPT GREEN was born in Worcester,
Feb. 20, 1837. His father was James Green, son
of the second Dr. John Green, of Worcester, and his
mother is Elizabeth (Swett) Green. Mr. Green was
raduated from the Worcester High School in 1854, and
from Harvard College in 1858. He was graduated from
the Harvard Divinity School in 1864, and took the
degree of master of arts at Harvard in 1870. After
serving several years as book-keeper in the Mechanics'
National Bank, and
as teller in the Wor
cester National Bank,
he became, in 1867,
a director, and in
1871, librarian, of
the Free Public Li
brary of Worcester.
The latter position
he still holds. The
library has grown rap
idly in size and use
fulness under his
care, and a remark
able feature respect
ing its use is the very
large proportion of
books that is em
ployed for study and
purposes of refer
ence. Mr. Green is
one of the distin
guished librarians of
the country, and is
an authority in re
spect to the use of
libraries as popular
educational institu
tions, and in respect
to the establishment
of close relations be
tween libraries and schools. Mr. Green has held vari
ous offices in the American Library Association. Elected
president of the association in 1891, he presided at the
meetings held in San Francisco, Oct. 12-16 of that
year. In May, 1892, he was chosen one of the original
ten members of the new council of the association.
He was a delegate of the association to the International
Congress of Librarians, held in London in 1877, was a
member of the council of that body, and took an active

part in the discussions of the meetings. He was chosen
an honorary member of the Library Association of Great
Britain in 1878. In October, 1890, Mr. Green was
appointed by the governor of Massachusetts an original
member of the State Board of Free Public Library
Commissioners. He is one of the founders of the Mas
sachusetts Library Club, and gave courses of lectures in
the School of Library Economy when it was connected
with Columbia College, New York City. He is a mem
ber of the Advisory
Council of the
World's Congress
Auxiliary of the
World's Columbian
Exposition on a Con
gress of Librarians.
Mr. Green is a Fel
low of the Royal
Historical Society, a
member of the coun
cil of the American
Antiquarian Society,
a member of the
American Historical
Association, of the
New England His
toric Genealogical
Society, of the Art
Commission of the
St. Wulstan Society
and of the Sons of
the Revolution. He
is a trustee of Leices-
t e r Academy, and
was recently presi
dent of the Worces
ter Art Society. Mr.
Green has written
constantly for the
" Library Journal "
since its establishment, and has made many contribu
tions to the proceedings of the American Antiquarian
Society. He has also contributed to other periodicals
in the United States and England. He has written two
books and several pamphlets on questions in library
economy, and has prepared monographs which have
been published by the Massachusetts Board of Educa
tion, the United States Bureau of Education and the
American Social Science Association.

SAMUEL S. GREEN.-

WORCESTER.

313

JOHN STANTON BALDWIN is at the head of
one of the oldest institutions in the country, —
the Worcester Spy, one of the very few American news
papers which antedate the Revolution, and have had
a consecutive history since that time. The first num
ber of the Spy was printed experimentally in Boston in
July, 1770, at the office of the veteran printer Zechariah
Fowle, with whom Isaiah Thomas had that year entered
into partnership. The next year the paper passed entirely
into Mr. Thomas's
hands. In 1775 the
atmosphere of Boston
grew too hot for a
journal of the revolu
tionary character of
the Spy, and the press
(still preserved at the
hall of the American
Antiquarian Society
at Worcester) and
types were smuggled
across Charles River,
and thence, the day
after the Battle of Lex
ington, to Worcester,
where the paper has
since been regularly
published. A com
plete file covering one
hundred and twenty-
two years may be seen
at the Antiquarian
Hall. After the death
of Isaiah Thomas
the paper was for
thirty- five years
edited by John Mil
ton Earle, who be
gan the daily issue
in 1845. Mr. Earle
was a pioneer and leader in the free-soil movement.
He was succeeded by John D. Baldwin, who with his
sons, John S. and Charles C, assumed control of the
paper in 1859. Mr. Baldwin was also an anti-slavery
pioneer. He was a member of Congress and an
author of note, two of his volumes, " Pre-Historic
Nations" and "Ancient America," having taken their
place as standard works. He died in 1883. John S.
Baldwin, the present editor and chief owner of the Spy,

JOHN S. BALDWIN

was born in New Haven, Conn., Jan. 6, 1834. He was
educated in the Connecticut schools, learning the
printer's trade while he was passing through the several
grades, and fitting for Yale College at the Hartford High
School. At this time all his hours not spent in school,
from break of day till evening, were given to the print
ing-office. Disappointed in his desire to enter college,
for he was a poor boy and could not afford it, he pre
pared himself for the work of teaching, graduating with
high honors at the
State Normal School.
On the recommenda
tion of the principal,
D. N. Camp, after
wards Connecticut's
commissioner of ed
ucation, he was ap
pointed principal of
a large school but
declined the offer,
for he was called
to Boston to take
charge of the busi
ness of the Daily
Commonwealth, o f
which his father was
the editor. During
the exciting] years
which followed he
was in close contact
with some of the
most famous men of
Alassachusetts, who
made that office
their headquarters.
Among them were
Charles Sumner,
Henry Wilson Dr.
Samuel G. Howe,
Theodore Parker,
Richard H. Dana, John A. Andrew, Anson Burlingame,
Richard Hildreth, W. S. Robinson, William Claflin,
Robert Carter, and many others of note. Mr. Bald
win's life in Worcester has been devoted to his paper.
He has never sought public office, though he has served
in the City CouncU, the School Board and the Legisla
ture. He was an officer in the Union Army, going out
in command of a company in the Fifty-first Regiment,
which he raised at the request of Governor Andrew.

314

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

EDWARD AUGUSTUS GOODNOW was born in
Princeton, Mass., July 16, 1810. His parents,
Edward and Rebecca (Beaman) Goodnow, kept the
tavern in Princeton, and Mr. Goodnow's early training
was in the labors of the tavern and the farm attached to
it, with the limited educational facilities of the district
school, eked out by three terms at Hadley Academy.
At the age of nineteen he entered the employ of his
brother in the village store, and later entered into
partnership with him
in the enterprise.
He afterward entered
upon the manufac
ture of shoes in
Princeton, but in
1847 sold out his
business and left the
village for wider
fields. After one or
two ventures without
marked success, one
in a cutlery establish
ment in Shelburne
Falls and another in
manufacturing in
New York, he came
to Worcester and
bought a small retail
shoe store. In four
years he disposed of
the retail department
and devoted his
attention to the
broader and more
lucrative field of a
jobbing house, the
first exclusively job
bing house ever
started in Worcester.
In ten years he was
doing a business of $400,000. When the war broke out
he joined heartily in the movement to save the Union,
giving liberally to various causes to help the ( lovern-
ment. He invested largely in government bonds, and
when the national banking law was passed anticipated
the local State banks in acceptance of the situation, by
organizing a new banking institution which secured the
name of the First National Bank of Worcester. He
gave up his business at the close of the war and devoted

his attention to the bank, of which he became presi
dent, an office which he still holds. Mr. Goodnow
encouraged the clerks in his employ to enlist for the
war, and thirteen of his employees enlisted at different
times. When the movement for arming colored troops
was started he headed a subscription with $500 to aid
in the equipment of the first regiment. Mr. Goodnow
has been a liberal giver of his wealth. He gave to Iowa
College, $15,500; to the Huguenot Seminary in South
Africa, $15,000; to
Washburn College,
Kansas, $5,000 ; to
the Young Women's
Christian Associa
tion of Worcester,
$26,000, of which
§9,000 was devoted
to finishing and fur
nishing a hall in the
building called the
Memorial Hall, in
memory of his wife.
Her portrait was
solicited for the hall.
He has also estab
lished scholarships in
Alt. Holyoke College,
Northfield Seminary,
Wellesley College,
Iowa College, Huge-
not Seminary, South
Africa, and Hampton
Institute, Virginia.
Over fifty girls are
receiving aid in these
various institutions
from funds furnished
by AI r . Goodnow.
He gave to his na
tive town $40,000, of
which $3,000 was toward the erection of a new town
hall, and the rest for the building and endowment of a
free public library and reading-room and a grammar
school. Mr. Goodnow has been married three times.
His first wife was Harriet, daughter of Dr. Henry Bagg,
of Princeton, and at her decease he married her sister
Alary. After the death of the latter he married Cather
ine Bowman Caldwell, eldest daughter of Seth Caldwell,
of Barre.

EDWARD A. GOODNOW

WORCESTER.

315

SAMUEL WINSLOW, son of Eleazer R. and Ann
Corbett Winslow, was born in Newton, Alass.,
Feb. 28, 1827. He received a common-school educa
tion in the schools of that town, after which he went to
work for a local establishment engaged in the manufac
ture of cotton machinery. He displayed great ingenuity
and mechanical skill, and at the age of twenty was fore
man of the machine shop in which he had learned his
trade. He moved to Worcester in 1855, and in com
pany with his brother,
Seth C. Winslow,
started a machine
shop. Two years
later they began the
manufacture of
skates. They re
mained in company
until the death of
Seth C, in 187 1,
after which Samuel
Winslow carried on
alone a constantly in-
creasing business
until 1886, when he
was succeeded by
The Samuel Winslow
Skate Company, of
which Mr. Winslow
became president
and treasurer, posi
tions which he still
holds. This corpo
ration is the most
extensive manufac
tory of ice and roller
skates in the world,
and will probably
stand for all time as
a monument to the
perseverance and
industry of its present president and treasurer. Before
Mr. Winslow came to Worcester, he served as a member
of the prudential committee of the school committee
of Newton Upper Falls, Mass. He was a member of
the Worcester Common Council in 1864 and 1865, and
afterward represented the Tenth Worcester District in
the Massachusetts Legislature in the years 1873 and
1874. In 1884 he was elected alderman to fill an unex
pired term of one year, and in December, 1885, was

SAMUEL WINSLOW

elected mayor of the city, a position which he held for
a term of four successive years. Air. Winslow was a
trustee of the Worcester County Mechanics' Association
in 1868. He was vice-president in 1884 and 1885, and
president in 1886. In December, 1888, Mr. Winslow
became a director of the Citizens' National Bank, and
in 1889 was made president of the board, an office
which he still holds. In the same year he became a
trustee of the People's Savings Bank. He took an
active part in the
introduction of elec
tric lighting into the
city of Worcester,
and was one of the
original stockhold
ers of the Worcester
Electric Light Com
pany, with which he
was continually con
nected as a director
until early in the
year 1892. He was
the promulgator of
the Worcester,
Leicester & Spencer
Electric Street Rail
way, which, with its
thirteen and one-half
miles of track, has,
until recently, en
joyed the distinction
of being the longest
continuous elec
tric railway operated
from one power sta
tion in the world.
Mr. Winslow was ac
tive in the incorpo
ration of the com
pany , and on its
organization became its president, an office which he
still holds. He was also among the promoters of the
organization of the Worcester & Millbury Electric Rail
way, which is now in operation, and of which he is pres
ident. He was a delegate to the National Republican
Convention in 1892. Mr. Winslow was married in
Newton, in 1848, to Mary, daughter of David and Lydia
Robbins. They have two sons, Frank Ellery and Samuel
Ellsworth Winslow.

3i6

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

CHARLES B. PRATT was born in Lancaster, Mass.,
Feb. 14, 1824. His early years were passed in
a hard struggle for a livelihood, for the poverty of his
parents compelled him to seek work at the early age of
nine years. He worked in a cotton mill in Fitchburg
for three years, and then wandered to Rochester, N. Y.,
where he became apprentice to a moulder. He secured
a release from his apprenticeship after a year to enter,
at fourteen years, the dangerous employment of sub
marine diving. At
twenty he had thor
oughly learned the
business and had
saved a large portion
of his wages. He
then came to Wor
cester and finished
his time as a moulder
in the old Wheeler
foundry. Seven years
later Mr. Pratt went
into the submarine
business on his own
account, and pursued
it with success for
twenty years, under
taking in that time a
number of important
and hazardous opera
tions on the coast
and among the Great
Lakes. He retired
in 1 8 7 1 to devote
himself to his private
interests in Worces
ter, where he had in
vested the profits of
his business, and
where in the inter
vals of his sub
marine work he had been city marshal in 1863, 1864
and 1865. His business talents quickly found occupa
tion. He had invested in the First National Bank on
its organization, and has been one of its directors from
the beginning. He became president of the First
National Fire Insurance Company in 1872, and was for
years its sole manager. He was the first president of
the Worcester Protective Department, and continues to
hold the position. He is also a trustee of the Worcester

CHARLES B. PRATT

County Institution for Savings. Mr. Pratt was president
of the Worcester Agricultural Society for sixteen years,
and was active in bringing about the combined exhibi
tions of the New England and the Worcester societies.
He pushed the project of horse-car lines to the fair
grounds, and organized the Citizens' Street Railway
Company in 1886. The following year a combination
was effected with the old company, and Mr. Pratt
has since been president of the consolidated company.
He was an original
director in the Wor
cester Theatre Cor
poration, and also in
the Bay State House
Corporation. M r .
Pratt has attained
the thirty-second
degree in Masonry.
He is a member of
Worcester County
Commandery of
Knights Templar,
and is also a mem
ber of various Odd
Fellow and Pythian
organizations. M r .
Pratt has served in
both branches of the
City Council and in
both branches of the
Legislature. He was
elected mayor in
1876, and was re
elected in 1877 and
1878. During his
occupancy of the
office of mayor were
effected the settle
ment of the claims
for the bursting of
the Lynde Brook dam, the construction of the Foster
Street extension and of the "Big Sewer" to Quinsiga-
mond, the three operations involving the expenditure
of half a million dollars. The city debt, however, was
increased but $50,000, and the tax rate kept below $15.
Air. Pratt was State senator in 1883. He continues to
serve the city as an overseer of the poor and as com
missioner of the Jaques (City Hospital) Fund. Mr.
Pratt married, in 1844, Lucy Ann Brewer.

WORCESTER.

317

HH. BIGELOW was born in Marlboro, Alass.,
. June 2, 1827, the fifth son of Levi and Nancy
Ames Bigelow. Mr. Bigelow received a common-school
education in the public schools of Marlboro, but at the
age of fifteen applied himself to learning the shoe
maker's trade. He had always shown a taste for me
chanics, and at an early age displayed inventive talent.
He devised an arrangement for making meat skewers
when but a boy, such articles having formerly been
whittled out by hand.
In 1847 he began to
manufacture shoes in
Marlboro, and three
years later went to
New York and made
brogans in company
with his uncle,
Charles D. Bigelow.
He returned to Marl
boro in 1854, and
then after three years
of building, farm
ing and speculating,
went to Albany, N.
Y., and continued the
shoe manufacture,
employing convict
labor in the peniten
tiary. He subse
quently employed
convicts in P r o v i -
dence, R. I., and at
Trenton, N. J., using
the latter in the
manufacture of army
shoes in the early
years of the war.
Among labor-saving
devices of Mr. Bige-
low's invention made
during the years last mentioned, were a gang punch, an
improvement in pegging machines which substituted a
knife for the saw to cut the pegs, and channeling and
heel trimming machines. Mr. Bigelow came to Worces
ter in 1863 as superintendent for Bigelow & Trask, a firm
which was afterwards absorbed by the Bay State Shoe
and Leather Company. Mr. Bigelow became a large
owner of stock in this corporation, and its manager. In
1869, Mr. Bigelow invented the Bigelow heeling ma-

H. H. BIGELOW.

chine, one of the greatest labor-saving devices of the
boot and shoe industry. The machine utilizes waste
leather by turning it under pressure into heels, at the
same time shaping, piercing and nailing the heel. In
1875 the interest of the Bigelow Heeling Machine
Company and those of the McKay Heeling Machine
Company were consolidated. Mr. Bigelow became in
terested in real estate on Lake Quinsigamond in 1872,
but not until 1883 did he acquire control of the West,
or Worcester Shore,
and of the Worcester
& Shrewsbury rail
roads, which gives
access to it. He im
mediately began to
improve his property.
The railroad bed
and the rolling-stock
were renewed, build-
ings erected, and
the whole aspect of
things changed.
As a result, the lake
became a popular
summer resort. Mr.
Bigelow has added to
his property at the
lake from time to
time. In conjunc
tion vvith Hon. Ed
ward L. Davis, he
presented to the city
for a park a beautiful
tract of woodland
comprising over one
hundred acres. The
village of Lake View,
a flourishing suburb
of cottages, chiefly
the homes of Worces
ter mechanics, was built up by Mr. Bigelow's encour
agement. In 1882 Mr. Bigelow purchased of the
Boston & Albany Railroad the site of the old Worcester
depot on Foster and Mechanic streets, the largest sin
gle purchase of real estate ever made in Worcester.
Here, in addition to a roller-skating rink, he established
the first electric-light plant in Worcester. He is still
interested in the Worcester Electric Power Company,
which furnishes power to forty or more minor industries.

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

JAMES A. NORCROSS and Orlando W. Norcross
comprise the firm of Norcross Brothers, whose
reputation as contractors and builders is now as firmly
established as a block of their own favorite Longmeadow
brownstone, and whose names are known all over the
country wherever a fine building is to be erected, or
where the fame of a fine structure has extended. The
Norcrosses came naturally by their calling, for they
inherited a constructing ingenuity and love of building
from their father.
He was Jesse S. Nor
cross, a man of great
mechanical ability,
whose chief business
was setting up saw
mills in the Maine
woods. James A.
Norcross was born
in Winslow, Me.,
Alarch 24, 1831, and
( Irlando was born in
Clinton, in the same
State, Oct. 25, 1839.
The early death of
their father threw the
boys upon their own
resources. They be
came carpenters and
builders, finally es
tablishing themselves
in Swampscott,
Mass., in 1864, after
the return of the
younger brother, Or
lando, from three
years' service with
the First Alassachu
setts Heavy Artillery
in putting down the
Rebellion. Four
years later they removed to Worcester, Mass., and
began laying the foundations of the vast business enter
prise of which they are now the proprietors and man
agers. The first important contract undertaken was for
the Congregational Church in Leicester, Alass., in 1866.
It was not a large structure, but it proved the beginning
of a long series of successful building operations, and
the firm have ever retained a warm regard for the
Leicester society, and those of it who gave the contract

JAMES A. NORCROSS

to them. In the next four years they had taken and
successfully completed the contracts for the Crompton
Block, the First Universalist Church and the Classical
High School, all in Worcester, and in all their work
established a reputation for honesty, faithfulness and
trustworthiness. In the erection of the high school,
they came in contact with the late H. H. Richardson,
the master architect of America, and the close relations
that continued between the architect and the firm until
the death of the
former showed his
appreciation of the
skill with which the
Norcrosses carried
out his designs. The
monuments of his
genius are no less
the monuments of
the skill and faithful
ness of the contrac
tors who erected
them. The Norcross
contracts are usually
of the kind that in
cludes all portions of
the structure to the
completed building.
To be able to take
these they have gath
ered together a large
force of clever arti
sans in all kinds of
work that pertains
to building. They
have large shops,
where the finest in
terior finish is turned
out, skilful carvings
and beautiful tracery
in wood, stone and
metal. They own quarries at Milford, Alass., whence
comes the famous pink Worcester granite, which is
growing in public favor as a material. They also own
quarries at Longmeadow, where they procure the com
pact, and firm, yet soft and warm-looking Longmeadow
brownstone, which they were the chief means of intro
ducing. They also own quarries of red granite at Stony
Creek, Conn., where the granite quarried is commonly
known as " Branford Red." They also operate quarries

WORCESTER.

319

of marble at Tuckahoe, N. Y., where a beautiful white
marble is secured, and from which many prominent
buildings in New York City have been built in the last
twenty years. James A. Norcross married, in 1852,
Mary Ellen Pinkham, of Peabody, Mass. They have
four sons and two daughters. Mr. Norcross, though a
very busy man, takes a good citizen's interest in the
affairs of the city, which he served as councilman in
1877. Orlando W. Norcross married in 1870, Ellen P.
Sibley, of Salem,
Mass. They have
three daughters. Mr.
Norcross was se
lected by General
Grant as an expert
on the commission
to examine the con
dition of the Federal
Building in Chicago.
'Ihe task was diffi
cult but its result will
long be remembered
by builders, for no
suggestion or finding
of the commission
has failed to be sus
tained by subsequent
events. The follow
ing are some of the
buildings erected by
this enterprising firm.
The list includes
only some of the
larger kind, but it
will be seen to in
clude almost all vari
eties of buildings.
Public Buildings :
1872, Hampd e n
County Court House,
Springfield, Mass., cost, $175,000; 1877, Woburn
Library, cost, $80,000 ; Ames Library, North Easton,
Mass., cost, $36,000 ; 1879, Town Hall, North Easton,
Mass., cost, $50,000; 1880, Crane Memorial Library,
Quincy, Mass., cost, $44,000 ; City Hall, Albany, N. Y.,
cost, $295,000; 1885, Allegheny County Court House,
Pittsburg, Pa., cost, $2,500,000 ; Maiden, Mass., Library,
cost, $90,000; 1887, Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce,
cost, $530,000 ; Howard Memorial Library, New Orleans,

ORLANDO W. NORCROSS

La., cost, $98,000 ; 1889, State House Extension,
Boston, Alass., cost, $700,000; 1892, Bloomingdale
Asylum, White Plains, N. Y., cost. $1,135,000.
Club Houses: 1879, Union League, New York City,
cost, $255,000; 1881, Boston Art Club, cost, $54,000;
1886, Algonquin Club, Boston, Mass., cost, $177,000.
Educational. 1870, Worcester High School, cost,
$120,000; 1878, Boston Latin School, cost, $170,000 ;
Hemenway Gymnasium, Harvard College, cost, $91,000 ;
Sever Hall, Harvard
College, cost,
$ 1 04,000 ; 1882,
Austin Hall, Harvard
College, cost,
$136,000; Union
Theological Semi
nary, New York City,
cost, $286,000 ; 1883,
Vermont University,
Burlington, Vt., cost,
$92,000; Lawrence-
ville School, N. J.,
cost, $320,000; 1886,
Durfee High School,
Fall River, Mass.
(stone work), cost,
$200,000 ; 1888,
C rouse Memorial
College, Syracuse,
N. Y., cost, $220,-
000 ; Yale Memorial
Building, New
Haven, Conn., cost,
Si 35,000; 1892,
Princeton College,
CommencementHall, cost, $214,000,
Walker Art Building,
Bowdoin College,
Brunswick, Me., cost,
$107,000. The business structures erected by them
include the Marshall Field Building, Chicago, $900,000 ;
N. Y. Life Ins. Co.'s buildings at Omaha and Kansas City,
$750,000 each ; Exchange Building, Boston, $1,410,500 ;
Ames Building, Boston, $704,000 ; Youth's Compan
ion, Boston, $464,000. Their celebrated churches are :
Trinity, Boston, $390,000; St. John's, N. Y., $419,000 ;
South Congregational, Springfield, Mass., $150,000.
They built the B. & A. station at Springfield, $375,000.

s20

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

JAMES JOHNSON WARREN was born in Brimfield,
Mass., March 23, 1822. His ancestors were of
good old Puritan stock. His grandfather, Philemon
Warren, was a cousin of General Joseph Warren, the
patriot who fell at Bunker Hill. Philemon Warren set
tled at Brimfield, and began as a tanner and currier the
successful leather industry which his descendants until
recently maintained there. John AI. Warren, the father
of the subject of this sketch, continued the business, and
to make a market for
the leather that ac
cumulated in the
tannery, started a
boot and shoe shop
in Brimfield in 1818.
Their factory, which
was one of the first
established in Mas
sachusetts, became
the main industry of
Brimfield and its vi
cinity. James J.
Warren grew up in
the atmosphere of
leather, and naturally
turned to it for a
means of livelihood.
He acquired his ele
mentary education in
the schools of Brim
field, and in acade
mies at Ellington,
Conn., and Monson,
Mass. In 1834 he
came to Worcester
and completed his
education in the
Worcester Manual
Labor High School,
now Worcester
Academy. Here he passed two years, and then entered
active business in the leather trade, in which he has
ever since, in one branch or another, been engaged.
He began his business career in 1838 as clerk in a New
York leather house. Three years later he was clerk for
P. Warren & Sons, in the Brimfield factory, after which
he started with his brother in a wholesale and retail
boot and shoe store in Petersburg, Va., but less than a
year of Southern life contented him, and he disposed of

JAMES J. WARREN.

his business and returned to Brimfield. Here he estab
lished himself in the tanning and manufacture of card
leather. This industry he carried on successfully for a
number of years, and finally removed it to Worcester in
1867. Here he went into partnership vvith O. H. Wes
ton, who then carried on a produce business, and the
two industries were continued together for a dozen years.
Perceiving the advantages of a location near the pro
jected union station, Air. Warren purchased property on
Washington Square,
and erected the
Warren Building, a
handsome granite
structure overlook
ing the square. He
moved his leather
business into it, dis-
solving his part-
n e r s h i p with Air.
W e s t o n. He next
purchased the busi
ness of the Harrell
Alanufacturing Com
pany in Boston, and
changing the name
to the J. J. Warren
Company, of which
he became president,
moved it to Worces
ter in 1887. This
concern has built up
a comparatively new
industry in this coun
try in the manufac
ture of fine leather
goods of all descrip
tions which promises
to be per m anent,
the business having
already outstripped
that of J. J. Warren & Son. The company uses many
varieties of leather, and makes all sorts of articles into
which this material enters. Air. Warren is a modest
gentleman, and has always refused public office. The
only exception he made was when he accepted the trus
teeship of the Hitchcock Free High School in his native
town. Air. Warren married, in 1844, Alary Emmons, of
Hinsdale, Alass. They have three daughters and one
son, the latter associated with his father in business.

WORCESTER.

321

JOHN DAVIS WASHBURN was born in Boston,
March 27, 1833, the eldest son of John Marshall
and Harriet (Kimball) Washburn. The family removed
to the town of Lancaster, in Worcester County, in
1838, and there Mr. Washburn passed his boyhood and
received his earlier education. He was an apt student,
finishing the course at Harvard when only twenty years
of age, being graduated in the class of 1853. He en
tered upon the study of law with Hon. Emory Wash
burn, afterward in the
office of Hon. George
F. Hoar, and finally
in the Harvard Law
School, where he re
ceived the degree of
LL.B. in 1856. Ad
mitted to the Worces
ter bar, he practised
his profession in
partnership with the
late Hon. Henry C.
Rice. He early
turned his attention
to insurance, and be
came prominent a s
an insurance attor
ney, finally succeed
ing the late Hon.
Alexander H. B u 1-
lock as attorney and
agent for several
large companies.
His title of colonel
he received as a
member of Governor
Bullock's staff, on
which he served from
1866 to 1869. In
1 87 1 he was ap
pointed trustee of
the Worcester Lunatic Hospital, and served continu
ously until 1881. From 1875 to 1885 he was a trustee of
the Massachusetts School for Feeble-Minded. He was
in the lower branch of the State Legislature from 1876
to 1879, and served one term in the Senate from the
Worcester city district in 1884. Politically, Colonel
Washburn has always been an ardent Republican, taking
an active interest in the success of his party, and being
a valued participant in its councils. Mr. Washburn has

JOHN D. WASHBURN

held many positions of trust. He was a director of the
Citizens' National Bank from 1866 to 1880; a member
of the Board of Investment of the Worcester County
Institution for Savings since 1871 ; trustee, and for fif
teen years treasurer, of the Washburn Memorial Hos
pital ; a director, since 1862, of the Merchants' and
Farmers' Insurance Company, in which he succeeded
the late Hon. Isaac Davis as president in 1883. He is
also councillor and recording secretary of the American
Antiquarian Society;
councillor of the
Massachusetts His
torical Society, an
original member of
the American His
torical Association,
corresponding mem
ber of the Georgia
Historical Society,
trustee and first sec
retary of Clark Uni
versity, and for many
years was a director
of the Harvard
Alumni Association.
In 1889 he was ap
pointed United
States minister to
Switzerland by Presi
dent Harrison, a po
sition which he filled
until his resignation
in the autumn of
1892, having held it
a year longer than he
had at first intended.
Colonel Washburn
married, in i860,
Mary, daughter of
Charles L. Putnam,
and has one daughter, Edith, wife of Richard W. Greene,
of Worcester. Colonel Washburn is a man of scholarly
tastes, and possesses a hearty and genial manner which
renders him a popular attendant on gatherings of a so
cial character. He is an excellent presiding officer on
all occasions, and his presence always assures the suc
cess of any movement or meeting in which he partici
pates. He is considered one of the best authorities in
the State on historical questions.

322

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

HOMER TAYLOR FULLER was born in Lemp-
ster, N. H., Nov. 15, 1838, the son of Sylvanus
and Sarah Al. (Taylor) Fuller, and is a direct descendant
of Dr. Samuel Fuller, the physician of the " Mayflower "
company who settled Plymouth. Air. Fuller finished
his preparatory studies at Kimball Union Academy,
Meriden, N. H., and was graduated at Dartmouth in
1864. He had taught school at intervals during his
college course, and on graduation continued to do so-
He was principal of
Fredonia (N. Y.)
Academy for three
years. With a view
to entering the
ministry, he studied
at Andover Theo
logical Seminary and
at Union Seminary
in New York for
portions of two
years ; also devoting
part of this time to
teaching at Aleriden
and at St. Johnsbury,
\7t. From 1869 to
1 87 1 he was acting
pastor of the Con
gregational Church
at Peshtigo, Wis.,
but then decided to
adopt teaching as
his profession, and
accepted the princi-
palship of St. Johns-
bury (Vt.) Academy.
This school under
his guidance in
creased in numbers
from fifty to two
hundred and fifty
pupils, and came to the very front rank of schools for
secondary instruction. In 1879-80 he spent a year in
study and travel abroad, and visited England, the Con
tinent, Greece and its islands, Egypt, Palestine, Syria
and Asia Minor. In 1882 he became principal — after
wards president — of the Worcester Polytechnic Insti
tute, and before entering upon his duties spent five
months in the examination of scientific and technical
schools in Europe. In that time he visited similar

HOMER T. FULLER.

institutions in Manchester, Birmingham, Bradford and
London in England, in Paris, Aachen, Zurich, Munich,
Vienna, Dresden, Hanover, Berlin, Hamburg, Copen
hagen, St. Petersburg and Moscow, and in his inaugural
address in June, 1883, showed how much technical
training had done, or was beginning to do, for the indus
tries of these foreign countries. Dr. Fuller received the
degree of Ph. D. from his alma mater in 1880. The
institute has greatly prospered since he took charge of
it, the numbers of
students and instruc
tors and the accom
modations having
fully doubled in the
ten years of his ad
ministration . He
reads five or six lan
guages with facility,
and has some knowl
edge of two or three
more. He has made
geology, mineralogy
and metallurgy spe
cial studies from the
college on, and has
read widely in his
tory and economics.
He is devoted to his
administrative work
and to instruction,
and has published
little except occa
sional scientific pa
pers and addresses.
He is now preparing
a monograph on
Russian technical
education. He is a
member of the
American Institute
of Alining Engineers, of the American Academy of
Political Science, and a fellow of the Geological So
ciety of America, and of the American Association for
the Advancement of Science. He has also, for some
years, been one of the vice-presidents of the American
Institute of Instruction, is a member of the Worcester
Club, and has served on the School Committee of Wor
cester. He married, June 20, 1870, Miss Etta Jones, of
Fredonia, N. Y., and has two daughters and one son.

WORCESTER.

323

JEVARTS GREENE was born in Boston, Nov. 27,
. 1834, son of Rev. David and Alary Evarts
Greene. The family removed to Roxbury soon after
Mr. Greene's birth, and he received his education in the
public schools and the excellent Latin School of that
town. In 1849 Mr. Greene entered the University of
the City of New York, and after a year at that insti
tution went to Yale College, where he was graduated
in the class of 1853. He taught school for four years,
in Connecticut and
in Iowa, and then
spent two years i n
the employ of the
government, survey
ing public lands in
Kansas. At that time
the plains were still
covered with buffalo,
and the Indians met
with there were still
armed with the primi
tive bow and arrow.
Mr. Greene returned
to Massachusetts in
1859, and after less
than a year's study
was admitted to the
Worcester bar. He
settled upon North
Brookfield for a loca
tion, and began to
practise his profes
sion there. When
the call for volunteers
came, in 1861, Mr.
Greene was the first
man in North Brook
field to enlist. He
aided in raising a
company in the Fif
teenth Regiment, and was commissioned first lieutenant
of the company. Oct. 2, 1861, the regiment partici
pated in the disastrous battle of Ball's Bluff, in which
it was badly shattered. Lieutenant Greene, with a de
tachment of his company, remained on the south bank
of the river, covering the escape of his comrades, and
with his little force was taken prisoner. With other
officers taken in the battle, Lieutenant Greene was held
prisoner of war in Richmond for four months. Re-

J. EVARTS GREENE

leased on parole, the prisoners left Richmond, Feb. 22,
1862, the day Jefferson Davis was inaugurated. Mr.
Greene's gallant service at Ball's Bluff had been recog
nized by a captain's commission, issued while he was in
prison. Finding it impossible, however, to secure an
exchange, and weary of waiting, Captain Greene re
signed and returned to North Brookfield, and resumed
the practice of his profession. In April, 1864, Mr.
Greene married Mary A. Bassett, of New Haven. He
continued in prac
tice at North Brook
field until May, 1868,
when he removed to ¦
Worcester to become
the associate of Hon.
John D. Baldwin in
the editorship of the
Worcester Spy. On
Mr. Baldwin's death
Mr. Greene became
editor-in-chief, a po
sition which he filled
until 189 1. It was a
post for which his
scholarly tastes, well-
trained mind, and
ready knowledge of
men and events emi-
nently fitted him.
His style is direct
and forcible, and he
possesses a readiness
and aptness of ex
pression which
makes his written
English a delight to
the reader. Mr.
Greene was ap
pointed postmaster
of Worcester, Feb. 5,
1 89 1. Under his administration the efficiency of the
service has materially improved, owing to the systema
tizing of the work. The carrier service has been im
proved and extended, and the number of collections
increased. Mr. Greene is a member of the American
Antiquarian Society, and of the St. Wulstan Society, and
has twice been president of the Board of Directors of
the Free Public Library of Worcester. In politics Mr.
Greene is a Republican.

324

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

f

GENERAL ROBERT HORACE CHAMBERLAIN,
sheriff of Worcester County, was born in Wor
cester, June 1 6, 1838. His ancestors on both sides of
the family had been for several generations residents of
Worcester, so he may truly claim to be born of old
Worcester stock. His father was General Thomas
Chamberlain, one of the solid men of Worcester
County, who, like his father before him, was a select
man of the town and a citizen of prominence. When
the town became a
city he was president
of its first Common
Council. The mother
of the subject of this
sketch was Hannah
Blair, also of an old
county family. Rob
ert H. Chamberlain
received his educa
tion in the public
schools of Worcester,
and at Worcester
Academy and West-
field Academy. At
eighteen he entered
upon an apprentice
ship to Ball & Bal
lard, machinists, and
learned the trade
thoroughly, as he al
ways does everything.
Then the war broke
out, and Mr. Cham
berlain enlisted in
Company A, of the
Fifty-first Regiment.
He was sergeant
while in the Fifty-
first, but later re-
enlisted in the Six
tieth and was commissioned captain of Company F.
The taste for military affairs, which he acquired in the
service, induced him to continue after the war ended.
He was active in State militia circles for over a decade.
He was captain of the Worcester City Guards, major
and afterward colonel of the Tenth Regiment, and
finally was brigadier-general of the State militia, a posi
tion he resigned in 1876. He was active in organizing
Battery B, of Worcester, which still retains the name of

Chamberlain Light Battery. General Chamberlain has
received high Masonic honors. He joined the order in
1862 and the commandery in 1865. He has taken the
thirty-second degree, Scottish Rite, and holds one of
the highest offices attainable in Knight Templarship, —
that of grand commander of the Grand Commandery
of Massachusetts and Rhode Island. He is treasurer
of the Worcester Masonic Relief Fund. General
Chamberlain was a charter member of Post 10, G.
A. R. For three
years he was presi
dent of the Worces
ter County Mechan
ics' Association. His
public service began
in 1869, when he
represented Ward
Three in the Com
mon Council, an
office to which he
was re-elected in the
following year. Then
Mayor Blake, to
whom the city is
chiefly indebted for
its excellent sewerage
system, made him
superintendent of
sewers. As executive
officer of this impor
tant department of
the city, General
Chamberlain was
most efficient. Dur
ing his sixteen years
of service he ex
tended the system
some sixtymiles. He
continued in charge
of the sewer depart-
when he resigned to become deputy-
sheriff and keeper of the House of Correction. Although
Sheriff Sprague, who appointed him, was defeated for
re-election, Sheriff Nye wisely retained General Cham
berlain in his position at the jail. In the fall of 1892,
after a spirited canvass, General Chamberlain received
the Republican nomination for sheriff and was elected.
He married Esther Browning, of Hubbardston, and they

ROBERT H. CHAMBERLAIN

ment until 1888,

have two daughters.

WORCESTER.

325

FRANCIS HENSHAW DEWEY, second of the
name, was born in Worcester, March 23, 1856.
He is the son of the late Judge Francis H. and Sarah
B. (Tufts) Dewey. He received his early education in
private schools, and then entered St. Marks School, at
Southboro, in 1868. Here he spent four years in prepa
ration for college, and then entered Williams College,
his father's alma mater. Mr. Dewey took a high rank
in college, being one of the first six of his class, and so
became a member of
the Phi Beta Kappa
Society, the one col
lege society in which
membership is deter
mined by rank. Mr.
Dewey graduated in
the class of 1876,
and three years later
received from his
college the degree
of master of arts.
As Mr. Dewey's an
cestors for several
generations had been
engaged in the pro
fession of the law, it
was natural that upon
graduation he should
choose the same
profession, and he
began his studies in
the office of Staples
& Goulding, in Wor
cester. After a year
of office study he
entered the Harvard
Law School, and by
assiduous work cov
ered the two years'
law course in that
institution in one year, receiving the degree of LL. B.
in 1878. After a few months more in the office of
Staples & Goulding he was admitted to the Worcester
bar in February, 1879. He began the practice of his
profession in Worcester, where he has since continued.
Mr. Dewey is a man of the firmness and stability of
character that invites confidence, and probably occu
pies more positions of trust than any other among the
young professional men of the city. He became solic-

FRANCIS H. DEWEY

itor of the Worcester Mechanics' Savings Bank in 1880,
clerk of the corporation in 1882, and a trustee of the
institution in 1888. He succeeded his father in 1888,
on the decease of the latter, as director, and in April
of that year was chosen president of the Mechanics'
National Bank. He is also a director of the Worcester
Gas Company, of the Norwich & Worcester Railroad
Company, a director and the treasurer of the proprie
tors of the Bay" State House, and holds the same posi
tions in the Worces
ter Theatre Associa
tion. In the last-
named corporation
he took an active
part in the reorgani
zation of two years
ago, which resulted
in giving the city its
present beautiful
theatre. Mr. Dewey
is chairman of the
Board of Assessors,
of the Second Parish
(Unitarian) Church,
and superintendent
of the Sunday school.
He is also much in
terested in charitable
work, being a direc
tor of the Associated
Charities of Worces
ter. Though often
urged to accept polit
ical office, he has felt
obliged, on account
of the business in
terests with which he
is identified, to de
cline. He is a mem
ber of the American
Antiquarian Society, of the Worcester Fire Society,
the Worcester Club and the Quinsigamond Boat Club.
Among other positions of a fiduciary character he
includes the trusteeship of numerous estates. Mr.
Dewey married, Dec. 12, 1878, Lizzie D. Bliss, daughter
of the late Harrison Bliss, of Worcester. They have
one son and one daughter. Few men of his years carry
on their shoulders such a load of important and diver
sified interests as Mr. Dewey.

326

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

ALFRED S. PINKERTON, president of the Alas
sachusetts State Senate, was born in Lancaster,
Penn., March 19, 1856. After the death of his father,
he accompanied his mother to Worcester, where he was
employed as book-keeper in a manufacturing establish
ment. Being ambitious to enter the legal profession, he
utilized his spare hours in study, and by dint of close
application, aided by the advice and assistance of the
late Hon. Peter C. Bacon, he was enabled to fit himself
for the bar, to which
he was admitted in
1 88 1. He immedi
ately began the prac
tice of law, and soon
rose to a position of
recognized prom i-
nence. In 1887 he
was elected to the
House of Represen
tatives, and was re
elected in 1888 and
1889 by increased
majorities. He
served on the com
mittees on the Judici
ary and on Constitu
tional Amendments,
and was house chair
man of the Commit
tee on Water Supply.
In 1 8 9 o h e was
elected to the Senate,
where he was chair
man of the Commit
tee on Constitutional
Amendments and
served on the com
mittees on the Judi
ciary and on Probate
and Insolvency. Re
elected in 1891, he was appointed chairman of the
Committee on Judiciary, the highest honor in the gift
of the president, and upon the creation of the joint
Special Committee, to consider the organization of the
various State boards and commissions, was made its
chairman. In this year he was also a member of the
Committee on Probate and Insolvency. The further
consideration of the subject of State commissions being
referred to a Joint Special Committee, to sit during the

ALFRED S. PINKERTON

recess, Mr. Pinkerton served as its chairman, presenting
to the next Legislature a report of its findings. In 1892
he was elected president of the Senate by the unani
mous vote of his associates, Republicans and Democrats
alike. As the presiding officer of the Senate, he has
commanded respect and admiration for fairness, careful
rulings and knowledge of parliamentary law and proced
ure. Mr. Pinkerton was elected to the Senate for 1893,
and was again chosen as the president of that body. He
has been secretary
and chairman of the
Worcester County
Republican Commit
tee. In appearance,
Mr. Pinkerton is
pleasing, and while
he has a somewhat
stern countenance,
is genial and warm
hearted. He isa
member of Worces
ter Lodge, No. 56,
I.O. O. F., and of
Wachusett Encamp
ment. In 1882 he
entered the Grand
Lodge and Grand
Encampment, where
he at once took- rank,
and was a member
of the committee
which in 1SS7 re
ported in favor of the
establishment of a
" home for aged and
infirm members of
the fraternity." He
has been grand mas-
t e r of the Grand
Lodge of Massachu
setts — the youngest man who ever occupied that ex
alted chair, and has for a number of years been chairman
of the Finance Committee of that body. Since 1889 he
has represented this jurisdiction in the Sovereign Lodge.
Fie is also a member of the Masonic fraternity, belong
ing to Athelstan Lodge, of which he is past master ; to
the council and chapter, and to Worcester County Com
mandery of Knights Templar. Air. Pinkerton is a pub
lic speaker of established reputation.

NEWBURYPORT dates its existence as a city from its grant of charter, May 24, 185 1 ; as a town, from its
incorporation, Jan. 28, 1764; but it had been settled for nearly one hundred and twenty years previously,
as a part of Newbury, which was incorporated as a plantation May 6, 1635. The original settlement of Newbury
was along the banks of the river Parker, and its people were mainly agricultural. Within a few years several fami
lies migrated four miles further to the north, to the shore of the larger stream, the Merrimac, and formed a fishing
settlement. From this grew a mercantile and commercial community, which for a period formed the third seaport
town in wealth and importance in the colonies. For over two hundred years Newburyport depended for its
prosperity upon the sea. Along the river banks a ceaseless activity pervaded its score of ship-yards. Its vessels
sailed to every quarter of the globe and brought home the products of nature or the results of the industry of
every people. It was a market for the whole Merrimac valley, the farmers of New Hampshire and Vermont as
well bringing the fruits of their farms to exchange for the necessities or luxuries which were daily piled upon its
wharves or stored in its warehouses. When wars with the mother country came, from peaceful sailors its mariners
and shipmasters became naval heroes, and privateering, according to the established methods of warfare of the
times, made many rich. But ill-fortune did not overlook the rich and prosperous place. In 181 1 a fire, greater
in extent, more widespread in its results, than either those of Boston or Chicago, in later years, in proportion to
wealth and population, dealt a withering blow to its people. The embargo and non-intercourse acts left ships
rotting at its wharves, the general hard times of the first quarter of the century were felt with cruel force, and
Newburyport's commercial greatness was destroyed. The shipbuilding art continued, with varied degrees of pros
perity, reaching its highest mark in the fifties, but since then it has steadily declined, until now no ship rests on
the stocks. Its commerce has been wholly obliterated, and its once great fishing industry is a tale which is told.
Towards the middle of the century Newburyport began to experience its new birth, that of a manufacturing
community. Four large cotton mills were built. Later, at about the period of the war, the shoe industry was
inaugurated. Its growth was slow at first, but in the past dozen years has been rapid, until now Newburyport ranks
among the important shoe centres of the State. Other industries have been established, among which are the
manufacture of silver ware, of street railroad cars, horn combs, and a half dozen different products, and to-day
Newburyport's prospects as a manufacturing community are encouraging. Its population numbers some 15,000,
its taxable wealth is about $10,000,000. A bare list of the names of those men claimed by Newburyport who have
become eminent in their country's history would more than fill the space alloted to this article. Caleb Cushing,
the statesman ; Theophilus Parsons, the jurist ; William Lloyd Garrison, the philanthropist ; William Wheelwright,
the cosmopolitan ; Tracy, Marquand, Brown, Bartlett, Lunt, the Cushings, great merchants, all ; Titcomb, Lunt,
Nichols, Moses Brown, Greely, warriors by land or sea, the last named of Arctic fame — these are but a few of
the many. In "times which try men's souls," the patriotism of Newburyport has never been questioned. With
a population of but about 2,500, there were 717 enlistments from the town during the seven years of the Revolu
tionary War. In the War of the Rebellion there were 1,343 enlistments in the army and 242 in the navy, a total
of 1,585, and the war debt of the city reached $123,000. While Newburyport is proud of its history, it is not
unmindful of the demands of the present, nor lacking in faith for the future. It is not the fate or fortune of many
communities to experience so radical and far-reaching a change as that from a town wholly commercial to a city
entirely industrial. The transformation could not be accomplished without a wrench, the adjustment could not be
reached and the march of progress resumed at the waving of a wand. If the gain has not been so rapid as that
of sister cities, there have been good reasons, but with her face to the future she awaits its unfolding with
confidence.

32*

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

ORRIN J. GURNEY, mayor of Newburyport, was
born in that city in 1849. He received his edu
cation in the common schools, and in 1873 engaged in
business for himself as a manufacturer of paper and
wooden boxes. He has carried on this industry to the
present time. In 1880, desiring more commodious
quarters for his business, he purchased a church building
on Congress Street, it having fallen into disuse by a con
solidation of two societies. This he fitted up to'meet
his wants, but with
out changing the
exterior, even the
steeple being left
standing, so that the
stranger, as he passes
along and pauses to
look at an old church
building, is startled
and amused on read
ing a sign affixed to
the wall to learn that
the building is not
devoted to the usual
purposes the style of
architecture is wont
to proclaim, but that
instead it is the home
of a busy industry.
Mr. Gurney was
elected to the Com
mon Council of 1883.
He entered that
body with a mission,
which was to reform
the unbusiness-like
and careless way of
assessing taxes,
which, in the course
of years, had come
to be a great evil.
At the May meeting, on his motion, an order was
passed instructing the assessors to follow strictly the
public statutes relating to the exemption of property
from taxation. This was followed, against strong oppo
sition, by a vote, carried in September, ordering printed
a list of all real and personal property in the city, the
amounts taxed thereon, the owners' names, with a list
of exemptions accompanied by reasons therefor. The
appearance of this " Doomsday Book " created a great

sensation, but its objects were accomplished. When
every man could see just what every other man's prop
erty was valued at, with the opportunities for compari
son, a sentiment was created which led the boards of
assessors thereafter to use the utmost care in their work,
and the benefits therefrom prevail to the present time.
That the people appreciated Mr. Gurney's efforts was
patent in the fact that they elected him to the Board of
Aldermen at the election following. In 1887, 1888,
1889, 1890 and 1891
he again was a mem
ber of the Common
Council, and was
honored with the
presidency of that
board in 1888, 1890,
1 89 1. At the mu
nicipal election i 11
1 89 1, he was chosen
mayor for the ensu
ing year. Mayor
Gurney's inaugural
address showed at
once that his admin
istration would be no
mere formality. It
was incisive and out
spoken, and through
out the year he gave
his best endeavors to
the city's interests.
Alayor Gurney is a
prominent Freema
son, a member of
the Knights of
Honor, the United
Order of the Golden
Cross, and the New
buryport Veteran Ar-
t i 1 1 e r y Association.
Since identifying himself with the affairs of the city lie
has been untiring in his efforts to accomplish what he
deemed best for the city's good, and though some have
differed vvith him as to methods, he has maintained the
respect of all. There is no disputing the fact that
Mayor Gurney is thoroughly alive to the best interests
of the city. The same fearless energy that characterized
his course in the Common Council and in the Board of
Aldermen has marked his administration as mayor.

ORRIN J. GURNEY.

NEWBURYPORT.

329

GENERAL ADOLPHUS W. GREELY, the Arctic
explorer, was born in Newburyport, March 27,
1844. He was fitted for college in the public schools,
graduating in i860 from the Newburyport High School.
In July, 1861, he enlisted as private in the Nineteenth
Massachusetts Regiment, and served in the battles of
Ball's Bluff, Fair Oaks, Malvern Hill, Antietam, Freder
icksburg, and many other engagements. He was wounded
three times. In February, 1863, he was commissioned
second lieutenant in
the Fifty-fourth
Massachusetts Regi
ment (Shaw's colored
regiment), and in <
Alarch of the same i
year was mustered a I
second lieutenant in
the Fourth R e g i -
ment, United States
Volunteers, serving
through the siege of
Port Hudson. Pro
moted to be first
lieutenant in April,
1864, and to be cap
tain in March, 1865,
he was breveted
major, "for faithful
and meritorious ser
vices during the
war." He served
with the Thirty-sixth
Regular Infantry
from March, 1867,
until August, 1868,
when he was ordered
to duty with the
chief signal officer
of the army, under
whose orders he
served, with the exception of a few months, until, upon
the illness of General Hazen, in 1886, he was appointed
acting chief, and upon the latter's death was made chief
signal officer, with the rank of brigadier-general. That
is a bare outline of his military career, but it gives
scarcely a hint of his achievements in the realm of
science. These are too vast and multifarious even to
be catalogued in a brief biographical sketch. His suc
cessful command of the international polar expedition

ADOLPHUS W. GREELY

to Lady Franklin Bay, undertaken in 1881 and com
pleted in 1883, during which he solved geographical
problems involving the progress of mankind in science
and civilization, and advanced the name of America to
the foremost rank of Arctic research ; his services for
meteorology, while at the head of the Weather Bureau,
— these are familiar to all. General Greely personally
invented a new telegraphic weather code which saved
the government about forty thousand dollars a year, and
so reorganized the
business methods of
the Bureau as to
reduce the annual
expenditures more
than one hundred
and seventy-four
thousand dollars.
Since the civil duties
of the Signal Corps
were transferred to
the Department of
Agriculture, General
Greely has resumed
his strictly military
duties as chief signal
officer of the army.
He is an honorary
member of the Royal
Swedish and Scottish
Geographical socie
ties, and of the
British Science Asso
ciation, and has been
the recipient of
many honors at the
hands of scientific
bodies the world
over. He is the au-
t h o r of many me
moirs, mostly of a
scientific character. The most important of these are
"The Climate of Oregon and Washington," "The
Rainfall of the Pacific Coast and Western States,"
"The Climate of Nebraska," "Climatology of the Arid
Regions, with reference to Irrigation" and "The Cli
mate of Texas." He is also the author of "Three
Years of Arctic Service," "American Weather" and the
" Narrative and Observations of the International Polar
Expedition to Lady Franklin Bay."

33o

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

ELISHA P. DODGE was born in Ipswich, Oct. 5,
1847, received his education in the public schools,
and at the age of sixteen years began his business career
as an assistant in the survey for the Schenectady &
Catskill Railroad, in New York State. He then became
a clerk in the shoe store of his brother, M. W. Dodge,
at Troy, a retail dealer and manufacturer, where he
obtained his first insight in that industry to which he
was afterwards to devote the best endeavors of his life,
and in which he was
destined to occupy
so prominent a posi
tion. Mr. Dodge, in
1 8 6 5 , returned to
Alassachusetts, and
became a partner
vvith his brother, Na
than D. Dodge, in
the manufacture of
shoes at Lynn. Af
ter some months he
sold his interest to
the latter, who re
moved to Newbury
port, and to the same
city came Elisha P.,
Alay 24, 1866, enter
ing the employ of
Dodge & Balch as
foreman. A year
and a half later he
was ready to estab
lish a business of his
own, and Dec. 1,
1867, at the age of
twenty, he com
menced the manu
facture of ladies'
shoes in a building
on Pleasant Street,
employing about thirty hands, and doing a business the
first year of some fifty thousand dollars. From that
time on Mr. Dodge has seen his business steadily in
crease. In 1884 the firm, of which he was the head,
erected a four-story brick building on Pleasant Street.
Additions, extensions and factories built or purchased
became necessary from time to time, and in 1889 the
firm was changed to a corporation — the E. P. Dodge
Manufacturing Company being formed. A year later

ELISHA P, DODGE.

the Newburyport Shoe Company was established. Mr.
Dodge is president of, and the principal owner in, these
two corporations, and in the group of factories on Pleas
ant Street, Tracy and Prince places, directs the largest
industry devoted to the manufacture of women's boots
and shoes in the country. The floor space of these
buildings covers some one hundred and seventeen thou
sand square feet of surface, the yearly product of manu
facture approximates one million five hundred thousand
dollars in value, and
from twelve hundred
to fifteen hundred
individuals are given
employment. M r .
Dodge's public life
dates from 1872,
when he served as a
member of the Com
mon Council. For
about ten years
thereafter he was a *
member of the
school board, and in
1890 and 1 89 1 he
was mayor of New
buryport. As chief
executive of the city
he will, perhaps, best
be remembered from
the fact, that largely
through his efforts
was inaugurated the
relaying of the streets
of the city in a per
manent and scien
tific manner, on a
system which is now
carried on without
interruption. M r .
Dodge has been a
director in the Mechanics' Bank since 1877, for many
years a trustee of the Institution for Savings, and is ac
tively connected with other societies and organizations.
Four brothers have also been prominent as shoe manu
facturers, and a new generation, in two sons of an elder
brother, give promise of further honoring the family
name in connection with this industry. As business
man and as citizen, Mr. Dodge enjoys the highest
respect of the community in which he lives.

NEWBURYPORT.

331

ANDREW F. ROSS, in common with not a few of
the active business men of Newburyport, is a
native of Maine. He was born in Shapleigh, York
County, in 1842, where his ancestors had been settled
for generations, and prominent in the business and
social history of the county. Mr. Ross in his boyhood
received the usual education accorded to the mass of
youth in the country districts, and, at the age of four
teen years, engaged in work with his father, O. R. Ross,
who was an extensive
dealer in lumber.
After a time he was
led to seek his for
tune in city life, and
removed to Boston,
where for about a
year" he served as a
clerk. Becoming
convinced that suc
cess in life did not
depend alone on
location, and that
country towns offered
advantages which
cities did not, he re
turned to Shapleigh,
at the age of eigh
teen, to accept an
interest in his fa
ther's business. H e
continued as a
lumber merchant for
about five years,
when, looking for a
promising invest
ment for what capi
tal he had accumu
lated, he came to
Newburyport. Here
he met the late John
A. Hill, and, in 1867, with him formed a partnership as
importers, jobbers and manufacturers of teas, coffees,
spices and cream of tartar. By the death of Mr. Hill a
year and a half later, Air. Ross was left to carry on the
business alone, which he has done since with unqualified
success, increasing and building it up from a modest
beginning, until the reputation of the "Hope Mills"
has come to be a not unimportant factor in extending
the name and fame of the old city of Newburyport.

ANDREW F. ROSS

Air. Ross first engaged in business in a wooden building
on Hale's Court. Outgrowing this, he removed to the
Payne Block on Water Street, where he continued for a
time, and later he purchased the brick building just
below, erected some years previously for general manu
facturing purposes. Since occupying this building Mr.
Ross has increased its capacity by adding a wing, and
has also erected supplementary wooden buildings on
the premises, so that the plant is not only ample for his
own present and pos-
sible future needs,
but also affords quar
ters for a manufac
tory of fine shoes for
ladies. Here are
unloaded spices in
their crude state,
coffee as it comes
from the plantations,
cream of tartar in its
crystal form. The
spices are ground,
purified, and packed
in boxes and cases
ready for the grocer
to handle. The
coffee is roasted and
ground, the cream of
tartar pulverized and
put in the form famil
iar to the housewife.
In connection with
this branch of the
trade Mr. Ross
conducts a gen
eral wholesale busi
ness, dealing in teas,
tobaccos, and vari
ous household sup
plies. His attention
has always been given almost wholly to his business
interests. For this reason he has had neither the time
nor inclination to seek political honors, but for many
years has been a director in the Ocean National Bank,
and a trustee of the Institution for Savings. Mr. Ross
has made one of the most conspicuous business successes
in Massachusetts — a success that is due solely to his
own industry and ability and to his faculty of recognizing
opportunities as they presented themselves.

33^

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

ALBERT C. TITCOMB was born in Newburyport
in 1 83 1, of a family celebrated in the annals of
the town, the son of Francis and Sallie D. Titcomb.
Receiving a common-school education, he commenced
business life as a clerk in a dry goods store, serving
later in the same capacity in Boston. The California
gold fever found him thus, earning scanty wages, but
with $50 he secured a passage on the brig "Charlotte,"
from Newburyport, working out the balance of his fare
as a sailor before the
mast. On July 23,
1849, he landed at
San Francisco and
spent two years in
mining, but without
meeting with sudden
fortune. Removing
to Relejo, Central
America, he built up
a business as a ship
per, but as this town
was soon left off the
main line of travel
and was speedily de
populated, he found
his investments of
little value. In 1852
he returned to his
native city, learned
the machinist trade,
and worked at that
for three years. In
1855 he started as a
salesman for a jewelry
house, and in a short
time was established
for himself at Mobile,
Ala. The breaking
out of the CivU War
again ruined him.
He left Alobile and abandoned a property of $20,000 to
confiscation, besides owing large sums to his New York
creditors. At St. Thomas and Curacoa, in the same
business, he retrieved his fortune and met all of his
former obligations in full, paying gold when gold was
at a heavy premium. In 1868 he again journeyed to
San Francisco. For seven years he was of the firm of
Titcomb & Williams, wholesale jewelers, and for twelve
years conducted the business alone, retiring in 1887

ALBERT C. TITCOMB.

with an ample fortune, and returning to his native place
to spend the balance of his life. Since 1849 Mr.
Titcomb has travelled to and from California upwards
of forty times, once going by way of Cape Horn, six
times through Central America or by way of Panama,
and thirty-five times by railroad. At the municipal
election of 1887 he was honored by being chosen an
alderman. Three months after taking his seat he was
elected mayor to fill the vacancy caused by the death
of William H. Huse,
and at the election
the next fall the peo
ple endorsed his ad
ministration by an
overwhelming vote.
At the close of his
term he declined fur
ther political and
public honors to give
his whole attention
to the duties of the
treasurership of the
Lamson Consoli-
dated Store Service
Company, to which
he had been called.
Mr. Titcomb's suc
cessful business ex
perience and rare
judgment have been
of great value to this
company, which,
since his connection
with it, has reduced
its indebtedness
nearly half a million
dollars and has placed
its affairs on a solid
basis. Recently Mr.
Titcomb has pur
chased one of the historic old mansions of Newbury
port, and is putting it into a condition for a comfortable
and elegant home, in which to spend his remaining
years, surrounded by his family and honored by his
hosts of friends, who admire no less than they respect
him. Few men in Newburyport have suffered so many
vicissitudes of fortune as has Air. Titcomb, or have so
often risen superior to difficulties that have come be
tween them and success.

NEWBURYPORT.

333

EDWARD P. SHAW was born in Newburyport,
Sept. i, 1 84 1. At an early age he developed a
keen business instinct, and when but fifteen years old
commenced his career as a hack driver. In a few
years he was proprietor of an express route between
Newburyport and Boston, in 1870 was a partner in
the old mercantile house of Sumner, Swasey & Cur
rier, succeeding them in 1878. In 1879 Mr. Shaw
the possibilities of summer pas-

turned his attention to
senger traffic on the
Merrimac River, and
established the Peo
ple's Line of steam
ers. When the
government decided
on building jetties
at the mouth of the
Merrimac, Air. Shaw
took a contract to
deliver eighty thou
sand tons of stone,
opened a new quarry
on the Merrimac,
and successfully ac-
complished the
building of the first
instalment of the un
dertaking. At that
time a short railroad
line connected Salis
bury Beach with the
Merrimac River.
This railroad Mr.
Shaw bought, and
thus found that
branch of business to
which he is pecul
iarly adapted. The
Newburyport &
Amesbury Street
Railway, in which the city held a large majority of the
stock, coming into the market by the expiration of
leases, Mr. Shaw bought it. Fie at once increased its
efficiency and value, and after operating it for a time
sold it to a syndicate. He then turned his attention to
his summer traffic property, confident that it had not
yet been developed to its full worth. The Black Rocks
& Salisbury Beach Railroad had proved one of the best
paying lines in the Commonwealth in proportion to capi-

EDWARD P. SHAW

tal invested. This line he took as a nucleus for a
system. It was extended up the beach nearly to Hamp
ton River. Then he built a line back into Salisbury.
From that point Amesbury was soon tapped, Seabrook
at the New Hampshire line, and later, Newburyport.
Aleanwhile he had constructed a line to Plum Island on
the other bank. Recently the system has been further
extended by connecting Amesbury and Merrimac with
Haverhill, making a line thirty-three miles long. Nor
has Mr. Shaw con
fined his efforts to
street railroad lines
near the mouth of
the Merrimac alone.
He is president of
the Haverhill &
Amesbury, Winches
ter (at New Haven),
Hull, and New Lon
don street railways ;
a director in the
Gloucester, Norwich,
Plymouth & King
ston; and a large
owner in the Worces
ter, Leicester & Spen
cer, Worcester&
Millbury, Natick,
Danbury & Bethel,
Augusta, Hallowell
and Gardner, New
Haven&WestHaven railways. He
organized the New
buryport Car Com
pany, manufacturers
of street cars, one of
the important indus
tries of the city, and
is its president, and
he assured the success of other projects by prompt
action and readiness with financial assistance. Air.
Shaw has taken a prominent part in public life. He
was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature in the
years 1881, 1882, 1888, 1889, of the Senate in 1892, and
has been re-elected for 1893. He is president of the
Newburyport Board of Trade, and a director of the
First National Bank, and a large owner in real estate
throughout the city.

IN population Springfield ranks eighth among the cities
of Massachusetts. It is not going beyond the
bounds of truth, however, to state that the city ranks
second only to Boston in importance. Situated as it
is in the western part of the State, it has become the
metropolis of the
Connecticut Valley.
It is one of the most
progressive cities in
New England and is
one of the prettiest
and best governed.
With a population of
4 4,i 79, Springfield
has an assessed valu
ation of $48,329,634,
and a net funded
debt of only $196,-
500. The percent
age of the indebt-
edness to the
valuation is only .40,
and the tax rate is
^12.50. Statistics
recently gathered
show that Springfield
ranks first in muni
cipal and financial
prosperity. The
United States Ar
mory, located in this
city, is the repre
sentative institution
of the kind in the
country, and it is to
this, with the excep
tion, perhaps, of the railroads, that the city is most in
debted for its prosperity. The Armory was established
by act of Congress in 1794, and the government now
owns the title to three hundred acres on and surround
ing the site where the Armory stands. Several hundred
hands are employed here by the government. There
are two manufacturing interests located in Springfield
which have a national reputation. These are the Wason

LAWSON SIBLEY

Manufacturing Company, which name is familiar to
ev erybody who has ever travelled on a steam railroad,
and the Smith & Wesson revolver manufactory. The
Board of Trade, the Improvement Association and the
Christian Industrial and Technical School are three of
the most recent in
stitutions which are
doing the greatest
work for the Spring
field of to-day. By
the former, with every
representative busi
ness man on the
membership roll, no
opportunity is al
lowed to pass unim
proved that is likely
to tend toward the
city's increased finan
cial or industrial
prosperity. The Im
provement Associa
tion has a member
ship of nearly four
hundred of the best
citizens of the town,
and its object is just
what its name im
plies. The effective
ness of its work is
best illustrated by
the beautiful parks
which are springing
up all over the city.
The Christian Indus
trial and Technical
School is a free institution and is doing a good work in
giving a thorough scientific and industrial education to
students in the high school who vvish to learn certain
trades, to kindergarten teachers, to manual training-school
teachers, and to those desiring to become mechanical or
electrical engineers. In other respects Springfield offers
advantages in the matter of educational and literary ac
quirements that are second to none in the country. The

SPRINGFIELD.

335

city library is recognized as one of the best equipped of
libraries for students, and the public and private schools
of the city rank high. The school for Christian Work
ers, the French Protestant College and the International
Young Alen's Christian Association Training School are
located here. The first white men to see that portion
of the Connecticut Valley in which Springfield is located
were John Oldham and Samuel Hall, two adventurous
colonists who came westward from Boston in 1630.
These men returned vvith glowing descriptions of the
country through which they had passed, and in 1633
William Pynchon received the consent of the General
Court to remove to the Connecticut River. The follow
ing year he came to this section, accompanied by his
son-in-law, Henry Smith, and by Mathew Mitchell, Jehu
Burr, William Blake, Edmund Wood, Thomas Ufford
and John Cable. They formed a municipal organization
and from that organization grew the present municipality.
The settlement was known as "the Plantation of
Agawam " until 1640, when it was given the name of
Springfield in honor of Mr. Pynchon, who had formerly
lived in a town of that name in England. The date of
the incorporation of the town is shrouded in obscurity,
if, in fact, it was ever incorporated. Mr. Bliss, in his
address delivered at the opening of the town hall in
1828, said: "After searching thoroughly in Alassachu
setts and Connecticut I have come to the conclusion
that the town was never incorporated." The town was
first recognized as a municipality in 1641, from which
time it was known as " the town of Springfield " by the
Legislature. Hon. Lawson Sibley was the mayor of
Springfield in 1S92. Springfield took a prominent part
in the War of the Revolution, and no more patriotic
citizens were to be found in any part of the then young
country than in this city. Prominent among the num
ber who figured conspicuously in the affairs of Western
Massachusetts at that time was Hon. John Worthington,
whose name has been perpetuated in the history of the
city. He was a member of the governor's council,
colonel in the militia, and a magistrate of distinction
and ability. As a lawyer he won a name and wealth,
and was called one of the '¦ Gods of the Connecticut
Valley." Colonel Worthington owned the first umbrella
in the town — not, however, for use in the rain, but as a
sunshade. A prominent representative of that time

and about the last of the " silk stocking, short breeches
and silver shoe-buckled gentry," was Jonathan Dwight.
He was the chief mover in the organization of the
Unitarian Church, and built the church edifice and pre
sented it to the society. One of the ablest lawyers
prior to the Revolution was Jonathan Bliss, who studied
his profession with Colonel John Worthington. He
represented the town at Boston several times, and in
1768 was stigmatized as one of the famous "rescinders.''
A measure which had been regarded as revolutionary
in its character had been passed by the General Court,
and when the king and council called for the rescinding
of the action seventeen voted aye, Bliss among the
number, to ninety in the negative. This course ren
dered him somewhat unpopular, and he went to England
and subsequently to Fredericktown, New Brunswick,
where he was chosen king's attorney and afterwards
chief justice of the Court of King's Bench. Among the
prominent men who have been residents of Springfield,
other than those whose names have already been men
tioned, were Enos Hitchcock, D. D., Calvin Chapin,
D. D., William Harris, D. D., Hon. Benjamin F. Wade,
United States senator from Ohio, Francis Warriner, an
able writer, Worthington Hooker, Af. D., and Hon.
David A. Wells. Slaveholders lived in Alassachusetts
during the revolutionary period as well as in the South,
but in fewer numbers. Jonathan Dwight was a slave
holder to the extent of one full-blooded negro named
Andrew. Air. Dwight, it is said, was among the number
who doubted the policy of arming against Great Britain,
and hearing that his cattle were to be seized by the
colonists, he dispatched the negro Andrew with them
to Stafford, Conn. In die early part of the nineteenth
century a runaway slave woman from Schenectady.
N. V., came to Springfield, bringing her son, then a
small boy. She subsequently married Old Jack, who
had been a slave at Longmeadow. In February, 1S08,
her old master, Peter Van Geysling, hearing of her
whereabouts, came and arrested her. The case caused
considerable excitement, as a subscription was raised
and her liberty purchased from Air. Van Geysling for
Sioo. The spirit of abolition, which manifested itself
at such an early period, assumed definite shape about
the year 1S40, when an abolition organization was
formed.

336

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

REV. SAMUEL GILES BUCKINGHAM, D. D.,
is not only the eldest clergyman, in point of
service in Springfield, but he is one of the oldest Con
gregational ministers in the country, his term of service
as a minister having extended over a period of fifty-five
years. He was born at Lebanon, Conn., Nov. 18, 1812,
the son of Deacon Samuel Buckingham and Joanna
(Matson) Buckingham. His father traced his descent
from Thomas Buckingham, one of the original members
of the colony of New
Haven, and also from
Rev. Thomas Buck
ingham, of Saybrook,
who was one of the
founders of Yale Col
lege and one of its
rectors during the
period it was located
a t Saybrook. D r .
Buckingham studied
in the public schools
of his native town
and at the academy
at Plainfield, Conn.
On completing his
course there he en
tered Yale College,
graduating in 1833,
and then entering
Yale Theological
Seminary, from which
he was graduated in
1836. In May, 1837,
he was ordained and
settled as pastor of
the Second Congre
gational Church at
Millbury, Mass.,
where he remained
ten years. In 1842
the South Congregational Church was organized at
Springfield, and Rev. Mr. Buckingham was invited to
become its pastor. Feeling it his duty at that time to
remain at Millbury, he declined. Rev. Noah Porter,
LL. D., afterwards president of Yale College, and a
brother-in-law of Dr. Buckingham, accepted the charge,
but resigned four years later, when another urgent call
was extended to Dr. Buckingham. This time he
accepted, and was installed as pastor June 16, 1847.

SAMUEL G. BUCKINGHAM

Since that day he has been in continuous service as the
head of the parish, and has seen and helped its growth
from a young and feeble organization to one of the
largest, most powerful for good, and wealthiest parishes
in the State. Under his guidance the spiritual and
material interests of the church prospered, and instead
of the three Congregational churches which were in
Springfield when he came to the city, there are now
nine. In 1885 it was decided to give him an assistant,
and Rev. Edward G.
Selden was installed
as associate pastor,
since which time he
has taken charge of
the greater part of
the active work of
the church. Dr.
Buckingham re
ceived his degree of
D. D. in 1869 from
Yale. For many
years he has been
one of the trustees
of Williston Semi
nary at Easthamp-
ton, and he is one
of the corporate
members of the
American Board of
Commissioners for
Foreign Missions.
He has also been
active in many chari
table and religious
bodies, and has held
office in many of
them. In 1867 he
gave an address en
titled "A Memorial
of the Pilgrim Fath
ers," in which he gave a splendid exposition of the
ideas, religious and temporal, which animated the set
tlers who landed at Plymouth Rock. Dr. Buckingham
has also delivered many addresses before religious bodies
on various topics, religious and secular. May 10, 1837,
Dr. Buckingham married Harriet, daughter of Rev. Dr.
Nathaniel W. Taylor, professor of theology at the Yale
Seminary. In 1863 Mrs. Buckingham died. They had
one daughter, Harriet Taylor Buckingham.

SPRINGFIELD.

337

m

FREDERICK HUNTINGTON GILLETT, elected
a member of Congress in 1892, is a young man
with a remarkably good political record behind him and
with a brilliant future ahead. He was born at Westfield
in 1852, and is the son of Hon. E. B. GiUett, one of
Massachusetts' most distinguished lawyers, and an orator
of no little ability. His mother was a daughter of
James Fowler, a prominent citizen of Westfield. He
was named after Bishop Frederick D. Huntington, of
Syracuse, N. Y., and
Hadley, Mass., who
was a classmate of
his father at Am
herst, and a life-long
friend of the family.
Mr. Gillett's early
education was ob
tained in the public
schools of Westfield
and at home under
the guidance of his
father, who took a
deep interest in his
progress. The young
man early developed
a talent for graceful
oratory which he in
herited from his
father. After leaving
the public schools
Mr. GiUett entered
Amherst College,
from which he was
graduated with the
class of 1874. Mr.
GiUett then attended
the Harvard L a w
School, from which
he was graduated
with honors in 1877.
On being admitted to the bar Mr. GiUett began the
practice of law in Springfield in partnership with Judge
E. B. Maynard. Mr. GiUett at once manifested a deep
interest in political affairs, and during his residence in
Springfield has been one of the most active workers in
the ranks of his party. In 1879 he was appointed
assistant attorney-general by the late Judge Marston.
On receiving this appointment Mr. GiUett removed to
Boston, where he remained until 1885. He resigned

FREDERICK H. GILLETT

his position as assistant attorney-general in 1881, after
having made a brilliant record. During the last four
years of his residence in Boston he practised law in
partnership with Judge A. L. Soule. On his return to
Springfield Mr. GiUett took an office with his father,
and owing to the latter's advanced age gradually took
charge of the entire practice. Mr. GiUett did not have
to win prominence at the commencement of the second
period of his life in Springfield. It had already come
to him. He was
honored with an
election to the
Springfield Common
Council, on which
board he served two
terms. He was then
elected representa
tive to the General
Court, in which he
also served two
terms. He was a
recognized leader in
both offices. In the
Legislature of 1892
Mr. GiUett was chair
man of the Judiciary
Committee, and has
probably had more
influence than any
other Republican in
shaping legislation.
In 1892 Mr. GiUett
was nominated by
the Republicans as
their candidate for
Congress from the
second district, and
he was elected by a
large majority. Mr.
GiUett is a very able
lawyer, an eloquent speaker, and is destined to shine in
any public position. On his retirement from the attor
ney-general's office Mr. GiUett was commended by the
judges of the Supreme Court bench for the care and
ability with which he prepared and presented his cases.
Mr. Gillett's friends all predict for him an active and
useful congressional career. He will certainly maintain
the high standard which his predecessors in the district
have set, and reflect credit upon his constituents.

338

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

JAMES KIRKHAM is the oldest bank president in
Springfield. There are, perhaps, others who have
been identified with banking interests as long or longer,
but none who have been continuously in harness at the
head of a bank for so many years. He is considered
one of the safest financiers in New England. Mr. Kirk
ham was born at Newington, Conn., April 24, 182 1, the
son of William and Sophia (Leffingwell) Kirkham. He
came to Springfield with his parents when he was ten
years of age, and at
tended the public
schools. He was
graduated from the
high school, and in
1837 took a position
as clerk w'th Henry
Sargent, a prominent
jeweller. Air. Kirk
ham remained in
this position until
1845, when he went
into the business in
partnership vvith Earl
Wood worth. In
1852 Mr. Woodworth
retired from the firm,
and Mr. Kirkham
continued the busi
ness, with his brother
William for a part
ner, until 1857, when,
in midst of the mem
orable panic he was
called to the presi
dency of the Pynchon
Bank, of which he had
long been a stock
holder and director.
He remained at the
head of this bank for
five years. In 1863 the First National Bank was formed,
Mr. Kirkham being elected president of the new insti
tution. He has since remained the president of the
First National. The First National was the first bank
to apply for a charter under the new provisions that
went into effect through the war, and was the fourteenth
to receive its charter. Although Mr. Kirkham's finan
cial history did not really begin until he became presi
dent of the Pynchon Bank, he had long before won a

reputation as a capable and sound financier. In politics
Mr. Kirkham is a Democrat. He was president of the
Common Council in 1856, an alderman in 1883, and is
at the present time a member of the Park Commission.
He has often been urged to take other offices, but, while
always taking a deep interest in affairs, has preferred to
attend closely to his private business. Mr. Kirkham
has been one of the most prominent factors in the busi
ness growth and prosperity of Springfield. He is con
nected with several
local business con
cerns, being a di-

JAMES KIRKHAM.

rector of the follow
ing, among others :
The Mutual Fire
Assurance Associa
tion, the Springfield
Street Railway Com-
pany, the City
Library Association,
and the Springfield
Gas Company. He
is also vice-president
and director of the
Chemical and
George C. Gill Pa
per companies of
Holyoke. Air. Kirk
ham was a prime
mover in the estab
lishment and incor
poration of the Oak
Grove Cemetery As
sociation, and has
been its treasurer
since its formation.
He is treasurer of
the French Prot
estant College, and
president of the Ag-
awam Woollen Company, of Agawam. He is now (1892)
associated with John Olmsted in the ownership of Kirk
ham & Olmsted's block, and has been prominently iden
tified with the advance of real estate interests in the city.
In 1846 Mr. Kirkham was married to Frances Kirkham,
daughter of John B. Kirkham. They have one son, —
J. W. Kirkham, of Springfield. Air. Kirkham is con
sidered one of the best authorities in Springfield on all
questions relating to commerce and finance.

SPRINGFIELD.

339

HENRY STANLEY HYDE, one of the best-known
financiers in New England, has been president
of the Agawam National Bank for over twenty-two years,
and it is in a large measure due to his shrewd and able
management that the institution has taken the place it
has among the national banks of New England. The
Agawam was incorporated as a State bank, with a capital
of $100,000 in 1846, but was reorganized under the
National Banking Act in 1865, with a capital of $300,-
000, since increased
to $500,000. In
1869 Mr. Hyde was
called to the presi
dency, and he has
filled the position
with great ability
ever since. Mr.
Hyde was born at
Mt. Hope, N. Y.,
Aug. 18, 1837, the
son of Oliver M. and
Julia Ann (Sprague)
Hyde. In 1840 he
accompanied his
parents to Detroit,
Mich., where he was
educated in private
schools and began
work in a banking
house. Afterwards
he studied law for a
while, but abandoned
that profession. In
1862 he went to
Springfield, where he
immediately became
connected with the
Wason Manufactur
ing Company, rail
way car builders,
with which he has been connected ever since. In 1864,
two years after his advent into the company, he became
treasurer of the concern, which position he still holds.
Mr. Hyde is also connected with a number of the lead
ing business concerns of Springfield, being president of
the E. Stebbins Brass Manufacturing Company, and of
the Springfield Printing and Binding Company, vice-
president of the Hampden Savings Bank, and of the
New England Telephone and |Telegraph Company,

HENRY'. S. HYDE.

director of the Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance
Company. Mr. Hyde is also treasurer of the Spring
field Steam Power Company, and a director in several
manufacturing corporations in and out of the State. He
has been actively interested in the Springfield Hospital
since its establishment as a city hospital, and since its
incorporation in 1883 has been the president of the
Board of Trustees. In politics Mr. Hyde is a Repub
lican, and has been a member of the Common Council
and Board of Alder
men at various times,
and has represented
his district in the
State Senate. He
has also been a
member of the State
Central Committee,
and of the Republi
can National Com
mittee. In 1884 and
1888 Mr. Hyde was
delegate to the Na-
tional Republican
Convention at Chi
cago. Mr. Hyde has
been prominent in
social life, being a
member of several
fraternal and social
organizat ions. In
his business affairs
he has been particu
larly identified with
the Agawam Bank
and the Wason
Manufacturing Com
pany, having paid
less attention to the
numerous other con
cerns with which he
is connected. Mr. Hyde has been married twice, the
first time in Springfield, in i860, to Jennie S. Wason,
daughter of Thomas W. and Sarah Longley Wason.
Their children are Jerome W., Henry S., Thomas W.
and Fayolin Hyde ; and, in 1892, to Ellen Trask Chapin,
daughter of Hon. Eliphalet Trask, of Springfield. His
residence is at Brush Hill Farm, in West Springfield.
His honorable success in life makes him one of the
representative men of Springfield.

340

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

COLONEL A. H. GOETTING, chairman of the
executive committee of the Republican State
Central Committee, is a young man who has already
won a reputation for political shrewdness and clever
management. He is to-day one of the best-known
Republicans in the State, and is one of the most able
workers. In addition to his duties as chairman, he
paid especial attention to the campaign in the western
part of the State in 1892, and it is owing to his untiring
energy and zeal that
the State was carried
for Harrison by so
large a majority.
Colonel Goetting has
had good training in
the political school.
Before he became a
citizen of Springfield
he was a resident of
Brooklyn, N. Y.,
where he took a most
prominent and active
part in the campaign,
which resulted in the
election of Seth Low,
now president of Co
lumbia College, as
mayor of the chief
city of Long Island,
and he was a mem
ber of the New York
State delegation to
the Republican Na
tional Convention of
1S80, which included
such men as Ex-Pres
ident Chester A. Ar
thur, who was the
choice of that con
vention for A'ice-
President, and Roscoe Conkling.

A. H. GOETTING

When he remove

to
Springfield he lost none of his interest in politics. In
every campaign in which he has taken part, his business
affairs are attended to after he has attended to his pub
lic duties. Colonel Goetting was elected a member of
the Republican City Committee soon after he became a
citizen of Springfield, and was secretary of that organi
zation during the Blaine campaign. In 18S9, when
WiUiam H. Flaile was nominated for lieutenant-governor,

Colonel Goetting succeeded him as member of the
Republican State Committee. It was a tribute to the
ability of the new member that he was placed on the
executive committee of the State Committee immedi
ately after his election. He at once proved his fitness
for the place and filled the position so well that he has
been made chairman of the Executive Committee, and
has from the first been recognized as a leader. At the
opening of the campaign of 1892 there was a strong
movement to induce
him to accept the
chairmanship of the
State Co mmittee,
but he was too mod
est to accept. When
Colonel Goetting
went to Springfield
he engaged in the
paper and leather
goods business, which
is at this time a large
and rapidly growing
business. He w o n
his military title as a
member of the staff
of Governor John Q.
A. Brackett in 1889.
During his service in
that capacity he was
elected a member of
the Ancient and Hon-
orable Artillery.
Colonel Goetting is
not only prominent
in the political affairs
of the State, but also
in the business and
social life of Spring
field, and, in fact, of
the entire State. He
is a member of nearly all the leading institutions of the
( ityin which he resides, as well as of the principal politi
cal and social organizations of the State. Both as politi
cal manager and as business man, Colonel Goetting
enjoys the confidence of his fellow-citizens, and his name
has been frequently mentioned in connection with higher
political honors than any which he has thus far been in
duced to accept. ITis friends anticipate for him a long
continued career of honorable activity and usefulness.

SPRINGFIELD.

341

HOMER FOOT, one of the men to whom Spring
field owes a great deal of its material prosperity,
and one of the oldest and most respected business men
of the western part of the State, was born in Springfield,
July 27, 1810, on the site of the United States Armory,
his father being master armorer. He was the son of
Adonijah and Clarissa (Woodworth) Foot. In 1825,
when he was only fifteen years of age, his father died,
and he became a clerk in the general store of the
D wights, at the cor
ner of Alain and
State streets. He
remained there until
1 83 1, when, becom
ing of age, he took
charge of the busi
ness. At various
times George Dwight
and J. B. Stebbins
were in partnership
with him. On assum
ing control of the
business, Air. Foot
confined his trade ex
clusively to hardware,
iron and steel. He
was probably the
first in New Eng
land, outside of Bos
ton, to make this
departure. Air. Foot
has remained in this
business continu
ously since that time,
the present firm con
sisting of himself and
two sons, — Homer,
Jr., and Frank
Dwight Foot. In
1847 Air. Foot built
Foot's Block, at the corner of Afain and State streets,
which was one of the finest blocks in Springfield, and at
the present time stands visible as a monument to his
public-spirited enterprise. He was one of the earliest
officers of the Chicopee National Bank, and has been
connected with the Pynchon National Bank since it was
founded, being at present a director. He has also been
auditor of the Springfield Institution for Savings for
forty-five years. In 1857 the nomination of lieutenant-

HOMER FOOT.

governor was forced upon Air. Foot by the Whigs and
the American party. Air. Foot declined the honor, but
his declination was not accepted. Neither of the par
ties was strong enough to elect any candidate at that
time, and Afr. Foot did not insist upon having his name
taken off the ticket. In politics he is an Independent,
and has always been reluctant to take office, although at
one time he consented to serve as overseer of the poor.
Air. Foot was for many years treasurer of the Hampden
Watch Company, and
it was largely through
his efforts that the
concern acquired its
extensive reputation.
He finally disposed
of his interest in this
concern, and a short
time afterwards i t
was removed from
Springfield to Can
ton, Ohio. Air. Foot
was married to Delia
Dwight, daughter of
James Scutt Dwight,
in 1834. They have
had ten children —
seven sons and three
daughters, all of
whom, with the ex
ception of one son,
are still living. The
family is remarkable
for its 1 o n g e v i t v.
Air. Foot is now
eighty-two years old.
His mother lived to
the age of ninety-
four, and most of the
other members of
the family lived to a
ripe old age. Air. Foot's sons are Emerson, Cleveland,
James, Sandford, Homer and Francis Dwight. His
daughters are Airs. Leonard Ware, of Roxbury, Mass.,
and Alaria and Delia Dwight Foot. Not many men in
New England have remained so long — over sixty years
— in the same line of business, or have a more honor
able record of success. Air. Foot is now in the enjoy
ment of the fruits of his labors, surrounded by his hosts
of friends.

342

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

JUDGE WILLIAM STEELE SHURTLEFF has,
with one or two exceptions, been on the bench
longer than any other judge in Massachusetts. He
was appointed judge of probate and insolvency for
Hampden County by Governor Andrew in 1863. He
has a peculiar military record. Entering the army soon
after the war broke out, as a private in Company A,
Forty-sixth Regiment, Massachusetts Volunteers, he
was made lieutenant at company election, and at organ
izing the field and
staff was promoted
to Ueutenant-colonel,
and after service
of three months
in the field was
promoted to the
colonelcy. He was
born at N e w b u r g ,
Vt., Feb. 17, 1830.
He was the son of
Roswell and Clara
(Gleason) Shurtleff.
He is seventh in di
rect descent from
William Shurtleff
(sometimes called
Shircliffe, of Eccles-
field, Yorkshire, Eng
land) , who came
with the Pilgrims in
the next vessel after
the "Mayflower." In
1839, after three
years' residence in
Rochester, N. Y.,
he went to Springfield
with his parents and
was educated in pri
vate schools in that
city and at Williston
Seminary at Easthampton, from which he entered Yale
in the class of 1854. After leaving college he studied
law in the office of that famous Massachusetts congress
man, George Ashmun, and at the Harvard Law School.
He was admitted to the bar of Hampden County in
1856, forming a partnership with the late Judge Henry
Vose, and after the latter went on the Superior Court
bench, with George Walker, lately consul-general at
Paris. His judicial position made him ineligible to

WILLIAM S. SHURTLEFF

most other public offices. He, however, served three
years in the Common Council of Springfield, from 1875
to 1878, and has been prominently identified with
measures and movements affecting the best interests of
the city. He was in early life a prominent Mason, hav
ing for a period been master of Hampden Lodge, high
priest of Morning Star Chapter, and commander of
Springfield Encampment of Knights Templar at one
and the same time. He is vice-president of the State
Board of Public Res
ervations, created in
1 89 1 for the preser
vation of places of
historical interest
and natural beauty;
a member of the
Alassachusetts His
torical Society ; vice-
president of the
Connecticut Valley
Historical Society ; a
director of the City
Library Association ;
a member of the
Grand Army ; was
president of the
Winthrop Club, the
leading social organ
ization of the city for
four years, and was
for two years presi-
d e n t of the Yale
Alumni Association
of Western Massa
chusetts. For thirty-
f o u r years h e has
been the counsel for
the Springfield Insti
tute for Savings. He
delivered the ode
when Springfield celebrated its two hundred and fiftieth
anniversary, the Memorial Day ode in 1878 in New
York City, an address at the dedication of the Wallace
Library, at Fitchburg, and the orations at the dedications
of soldiers' monuments at Springfield and Belchertown.
He is the author of a number of poems which have been
published in magazines and journals. He was married
to Clara Dwight, of Springfield, in 1857. They have
had two children, both daughters, one of whom is living.

SPRINGFIELD.

343

GIDEON WELLS, one of the ablest lawyers West
ern Massachusetts has ever had, was born, Aug.
16, 1835, at Weathersfield, Conn., the son of Romanta
and Mary Ann (Morgan) Wells. He fitted for college
at the East Windsor Hill School, at Easthampton, and
was graduated from Yale with the class of 1858. He
then went to Springfield and began reading law in the
office of Chapman & Chamberlain, being admitted to
the Hampden County "bar in i860. Later, the same
year, Mr. Chapman
was called to the
b ench and Mr.
Chamberlain moved
to Hartford, the
business of the part
nership passing into
the hands of a new
firm, composed of
Air. Wells, George
Ashmun and N. A.
Leonard. Mr. Ash
mun presided at the
convention held in
Chicago which nom
inated Lincoln for
the presidency.
After Lincoln was in
augurated he spent
much time in Wash
ington in connection
with government
affairs. The firm of
Leonard & Wells
continued, however,
for many years,
although from 1869
to 1876 Afr. Wells
served as registrar
in bankruptcy, and
from 1876 to 1890
as judge of the Police Court. In the latter position his
sound rulings on perplexing points have passed into his
tory. This place he resigned to become president of
the Holyoke Water Power Company, for which com
pany he had long acted as attorney. Mr. Wells has
been a director of the Massachusetts Mutual Life In
surance Company since 1877, and is attorney for that
corporation as well as for the Springfield Street Railway
Company. He is also director of the John Hancock

GIDEON WELLS

and Third National banks, and of several Southern and
Western electric and irrigation companies, in which the
insurance company is interested. Mr. Wells is nomi
nally the attorney for the Connecticut River Railroad,
and has been connected in an official capacity with a
variety of minor business and philanthropic organiza
tions. In 1889 the firm of Wells, McClench & Barnes
was formed, but Mr. Wells has virtually retired from the
partnership, although his name is retained. He is
devoting himself
principally to the
affairs of the Water
Power Company,
and the Massachu
setts Mutual Life
Insurance Company,
although he occa
sionally accepts a
case for an old
client. Mr. Wells,
with his busy pro
fessional life, has not
found much time to
hold office, but
served in the City
Council in 1865 and
1866, as a member
from Ward Two.
He is best known to
the public by his
connection with the
lower criminal tribu
nal. "Judge "Wells,
as he is called, is
possessed of a great
capacity for work,
and excels in pre
paring important
cases requiring a
broad and deep
legal knowledge. He has an honorable war record,
having enlisted in Company A, of Springfield, of the
Forty-sixth Regiment. He served as first lieutenant
under Captain Lewis A. Tifft, also in the same capacity
in the Eighth. Mr. Wells has well-developed agricul
tural tastes, and of late years has been the owner of a
farm in Agawam, the products of which are of notable
size and quality. Mr. Wells married Marietta Gilbert,
Oct. 1, 1875, and they have one son.

344

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

JOHN OLMSTED, president of the Springfield Street
Railway Company, is one of the most prominent
business men of Springfield. Although past seventy-
two years of age, he is one of the most active and
energetic men in Western Alassachusetts. He was
born in Enfield, Conn., June i, 1820, and obtained his
earlier education in the schools of that town, supple
mented by courses at Wilbraham and Westfield Acade
mies. When twenty years old he was a manufacturer of
tinware and a dealer
in paper stock in his
native town. He re
mained in this busi
ness about twelve
years, when he sold
out on account of
failing health. He
lived at Somers,
Conn., until i860,
when he came to
Springfield, where he
has since lived. In f"
this city he formed a
partnership with
Lewis H . Taylor.
The business was
cotton batting, cot
ton waste, and paper
stock. After a few
years Al r . Olmsted
bought Air. Taylor's
interest and con
ducted the business
alone. In 1880
Frank E. Tuttle be
came associated with
him, and the busi
ness soon grew to
such an extent that
in 1888 it was re
moved to Chicopee and organized as the Olmsted &
Tuttle Company, of which Mr. Olmsted is president and
Air. Tuttle treasurer. While the cotton waste business
has been Mr. Olmsted's chief interest during his resi
dence in Springfield, his success in that by no means
indicates his entire activity. He has for many years
been president of the Street Railway Company. Under
his administration the capital stock has been increased
from fifty thousand dollars to one million dollars, and

JOHN OLMSTED

the shares have greatly increased in value. Mr. Olm
sted has been an excellent manager, both for his fellow-
stockholders and for the public, who have better accom
modations than are furnished any other city of the size.
In politics Mr. Olmsted is a Republican. He has never
been an office seeker and a very reluctant office taker.
He has served in both branches of the City Council —
two years in the lower board and four years in the
upper. In 1883 he was a representative to the General
Court. No man
stands higher in the
local business world
than does Air. Olm
sted. His word
passes unchallenged,
for whatever he
promises he will per
form. He has borne
no small part in the
material develop
ment of Springfield,
and is a large owner
of real estate. His
holdings include a
valuable business
block and a large
number of houses
and tenements. He
is a director of the
First National Bank,
of the United Elec
tric Light Company,
of the Indian Or
chard Company, of
the Union Newspaper
Company, trustee of
the Hampden Sav
ings Bank and vice-
president of the City
Library Association.
He is a generous donor to public and private charities,
and has always taken an active interest in every move
ment having for its object the welfare and growth of
Springfield. Air. Olmsted married Rhodelia E. Lang
don, of Somers, Conn., in 1842, and to her advice and
assistance he attributes largely his success in life. Mrs.
Olmsted died, Sept. 29, 1891, leaving, besides her hus
band, two daughters, — Mrs. Flenry J. Beebe and Mrs.
Frank H. Goldthwait,.both of Springfield.

SPRINGFIELD.

345

REV. DR. WILLIAM RICE is prominently identi
fied with the literary life of Springfield. He has
been secretary and librarian of the City Library Associa
tion for thirty-one years, and has had the entire charge
of the selection and classification of the books. His
wide range of reading, liberal views, cultivated taste and
sound judgment have fitted him eminently for this work,
and it is to his efforts largely that the City Library of
Springfield has attained so high a rank among the libra
ries of the country.
Dr. Rice was born
in Springfield, March
io, 1 82 1, the son of
William and Jerusha
(Warriner) Rice.
He is a descendant
of Edmund Rice,
who settled in Sud
bury, Alass., in 1639.
His father came to
Springfield in 181 7,
Mr. Rice received
his earlier education
in the public schools
of Springfield, after
which he attended
the Wesleyan Acad
emy at Wilbraham,
graduating from that
institution with
honor at the age of
nineteen. In 1841
he entered the min
istry of the Metho-
dist Episco pal
Church, and served
as pastor of several
large and influential
churches. He re
tired from the active
ministry in 1857, owing to impaired health, and re
turned to Springfield. Dr. Rice was elected to the
General Conference of the church in 1856, and took an
active part in the great controversy regarding slavery in
the church. Ten years later he was again elected to
the General Conference, and was a prominent member
of the committee appointed for the revision of the hymn
book, and was the editor under whose supervision the
"Methodist Hymnal" was published. The degree of

WILLIAM RICE.

A- M. was conferred upon him by Wesleyan University
of Middletown, Conn., in 1853, and in 1876 the same
institution gave him the degree of D. D. For many
years he has been a trustee of the university, and presi
dent of the Board of Trustees of Wesleyan Academy.
He was a member of the State Board of Education for
eighteen years, and for the same length of time a mem
ber of the Springfield School Board. At the last annual
meeting of the City Library Association Dr. Rice was
honored by a resolu
tion unanimously
adopted to name the
new art building after
him. At Dr. Rice's
urgent request this
resolution was re
called, but another
was adopted — that
"the present library
building of the City
Library Association
shall be known
henceforth as the
WiUiam Rice Build
ing, in honor of the
man whose devotion
to the city and the
institution inspired
its erection, and
whose service has
filled it with treas
ures of knowledge
and wisdom for the
free use of all the
people." In 1843
Dr. Rice married
Caroline L., daughter
of William North, of
Lowell. Their chil
dren are, — Rev. Wil
liam North Rice, Ph. D., LL. D., professor in the Wes
leyan University ; Edward H. Rice, A. M., for several
years a teacher in the public schools ; Rev. Charles F.
Rice, A. M., a minister in the Methodist Episcopal
Church ; and Caroline L. Rice, A. M., wife of Professor
Morris B. Crawford, of the Wesleyan University. Dr.
Rice's influence for good has been felt far beyond the
limits of Springfield, with whose intellectual and moral
life his name will ever be associated.

346

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

EVERETT HOSMER BARNEY, through a magnifi
cent gift to the city of Springfield, has placed his
name among those that will never be forgotten. In
1882 he purchased one hundred and ten acres of land
in the southern part of Springfield, adjoining what is
known as Forest Park, and built a handsome residence
on a site commanding a picturesque view of the Con
necticut River and valley. The grounds were laid out
with artistic skill, and are adorned by many rare and
valuable plants which
Mr. Barney imported
from Europe, Egypt,
China, Japan and
India. Mr. Barney
intended that this
beautiful home
should pass to his
only child, George
Al urray, but the
young man's death
in 1889, when he was
only twenty-six years
of age, decided Air.
Barney to present the
estate to the city as
a memorial of his
son, reserving the
right to occupy it as
a home during hi s
lifetime. By this gift,
which is located ad
jacent to the already
beautiful park,
Springfield will have
a park surpassed for
rustic scenery, rare
trees and plants,
ponds, brooks and
drives, by no other
park in the country.
Mr. Barney, with a rare spirit of generosity, is constantly
improving his estate, and intends to have its value
greatly enhanced before it goes into the possession of
the city. Mr. Barney was born at Framingham, Dec.
7, 1835, the son of Jaries S. and Harriet (Hosmer) Bar
ney. His father was a manufacturer of machinery for
woollen mills at Saxonville, and made several important
improvements in looms and spinning machinery, which
are still used in some of the largest mills in the country.

EVERETT H. BARNEY

Everett Hosmer was educated in the public schools and
the academy at Framingham, and followed his father's
business until 185 1, when he engaged as a contractor
on locomotive work at Hinkley & Drury's, in Boston.
It was while working there that Mr. Barney conceived
the idea of fastening skates by a metal clamp, dispens
ing with the old method of straps and buckles. He
took out his first patent in 1864, after which followed a
series of patents. In the same year James C. Warner,
of Springfield, having
a large government
contract fcr guns, en
gaged Mr. Barney to
complete the con
tract. At the close
of the war Air. Bar
ney turned his at
tention to his own
inventions, and to
the manufacture of
them. He formed a
partnership with Mr.
Berry, an old friend
who had worked vvith
him for several years,
and hired the prop
erty vacated by Air.
Warner. At the end
of two years Air.
Barney bought out
Mr. Berry's interest,
but retained the firm
name of Barney &
Berry. The business
grew- rapidly, and
Mr. Barney built the
present mill, which is
equipped with every
modern improve
ment, and his skates
have a world-wide reputation. In 1S68 Air. Barney
invented a perforating machine for stamping out the
amount payable on bank checks, and obtained a patent
for that. The machine stamps out any amount, and also
stamps out such words as " cancelled," " paid," etc. Mr.
Barney's eminent success in the business world and his
public-spirited generosity conspire to make of him one
of the thoroughly representative men not only of Massa
chusetts but of New England.

SPRINGFIELD.

347

RICHARD F. HAWKINS is a man whom the citizens
of Springfield have time and again sought to honor
with political office, but who has steadfastly refused to step
beyond the bounds of private life, excepting in two or
three instances where he considered it his duty to do so.
Mr. Hawkins is a representative man of the times. He
was born in Lowell, Mass., March 9, 1837, but removed
to Springfield with his family at an early age. When
sixteen years old. he was graduated from the Springfield
High School and be
gan work as an office
boy for Stone & Har- _
ris, railroad bridge
builders. He con
tinued with them
until 1862, when Mr.
Stone retired and Air.
Hawkins, in partner
ship with D. L. Har
ris, continued the
business. In 1867
M r. Harris retired,
and Air. Hawkins
absorbed the entire
business, under the
name of the R. F.
Hawkins Iron Works.
He has since con
tinued the business
without a change, and
has greatly increased
the volume of the
business. When Mr.
Hawkins first became
a member of the firm
the building of the
Howe truss bridge
was the principal
business carried on.
Prior to this time
nothing but wooden bridges had been built. Mr. Haw
kins began the construction of iron bridges, and for many
years has constructed only those. Mr. Hawkins is a
natural mechanic, and to him should be credited in con
siderable measure the development of the use of iron as
a building commodity in New England. In addition
to bridges he has conceived and turned out a large
quantity of the iron and steel material used in the con
struction of the railroads and locomotives of to-day.

RICHARD F. HAWKINS

His business has grown until he is proprietor of one of
the leading industries of the city. Among the structures
that stand as fair examples of his work are the New
Bedford and Springfield jails, which are constructed
largely of iron. Among the other notable structures for
which Mr. Hawkins is responsible is the Willimansett
bridge, near Holyoke, eight hundred feet in length.
This bridge is built of iron, and was constructed at the
expense of the city of Holyoke and neighboring towns.
He also constructed
the North ampton
bridge for the Mas
sachusetts Central
Railroad. This is
an iron bridge, and
is one thousand five
hundred feet in
length. Mr. Haw
kins is a Republican,
and has frequently
been the choice of
t h e party managers
for mayor, but he has
never been induced
to accept the nomi
nation, for the reason
that he would be
compelled to neglect
either the office or
his private business.
He was an alderman
for three years, and
is at the present time
a water commis
sioner. Mr. Haw -
kins is one of the
most active members
of the Board of Trade
and one of the direc-
. tors. He is also a
member of the Financial Committee of the Hampden
Savings Bank. Mr. Hawkins was married on Sept. 3,
1862, to Cornelia Alorgan, daughter of A. B. and Sarah
(Cadwell) Howe. They have five children, — Paul,
Florence, Edith, Ethel and David Hawkins. In all
matters relating to the scientific construction of iron
bridges Mr. Hawkins is considered one of the best
authorities in the country, and his opinion is held in
high esteem by experts in the same line of work.

348

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

GEORGE C. FISK, the president and general
manager, and the largest individual stockholder
of the Wason Manufacturing Company of Springfield,
was born at Hinsdale, N. H., Alarch 4, 1831, the son of
Thomas T. Fisk. He was educated in the public
schools of his native town, and at the age of seventeen
began work in a general store in that town. Air. Fisk
had a strong inclination toward mechanics, and in 1851
went to Springfield, where he hoped to find a better
opportunity for carv
ing out his fortune
than was to be found
in Hinsdale. Not
finding just what he
wanted at first, he
went West. On ar
riving at Cleveland,
Ohio, he became a
book agent. For
some time he sold
"Uncle Tom's
Cabin." He returned
to Springfield in 1852
and became book-
keep e r and pay-
master for T. W.
Wason & Co. In
1854 Mr. Fisk se
cured a partnership
interest in the con
cern, and when the
company was incor
porated he was made
the treasurer. A
short time afterward
he was elected vice-
president, and when
T. W. Wason, the
founder of the com
pany, died in 1870,
Air. Fisk was chosen president and general manager,
which position he still holds. When Dr. J. G. Holland
moved from Springfield to New York, Afr. Fisk pur
chased the poet's house, Brightwood, which is one of
the finest estates in Springfield. Mr. Fisk is also half
owner and president of the Fisk Soap Works, which is
under the management of his brother, Roger W. Fisk ;
is a large owner and president of the Springfield Steam
Power Company, and proprietor of the Brightwood

GEORGE C. FISK

Paper Mills, at Hinsdale, N. H. In 1885 Mr. Fisk built
what is now known as the Casino at Brightwood, as an
entertainment hall, in which entertainments for the
amusement of the residents of that section of the city
are frequently given. It is conducted wholly by ama
teurs, and is one of the finest private theatres in
America. Brightwood, while a part of the city of
Springfield, is one of the handsomest and most prosper
ous villages in New England, and its beauty and pros
perity are chiefly due
to Mr. Fisk's enter
prise and public
spirit. There are a
number of industries
located at Bright-
wood, of which the
W a s o n Manufactur
ing Company is the
chief. The works,
comprising some ten
or twelve immense
one and two story
brick and frame
buildings, cover
about eight acres of
land and are con
nected by private
switch tracks w i t h
the Connecticut
River Railroad, by
means of which the
cars constructed on
the premises are
shipped direct to the
various roads
throughout this
country for which
they are built, or to
New York or Boston
for shipment by sea
to foreign countries, many of their best orders coming
from Central America, the Argentine Republic, Portugal,
and other distant lands, the total output averaging
^700,000 per annum. 'Phe name of the Wason Alanu-
facturing Company is known wherever railway cars are
used throughout the world. Air. Fisk married Alaria E.,
daughter of Daniel H. Ripley, of Springfield. They
have two children, Charles A. Fisk and Airs. O. H.
I lickinson, both of Springfield.

SPRINGFIELD.

349

LEWIS AUGUSTUS TIFFT, one of Massachusetts'
bravest volunteers during the late war, was born
in Nassau, N. Y., June 13, 1836, being the oldest of the
four chUdren of John and Sally (White) Tifft. His
great-grandfather, John Tifft, went to New York from
Rhode Island, the Tiffts, or Teffts, having originally
settled in the latter State upon coming to this country.
Mr. Tifft came to Springfield during his boyhood, and
attended the high school. After graduating there he
became a clerk in
the office of the
Massachusetts M u -
tual Life Insurance
Company. In i860
he married the eldest
daughter of Ex-
Lieutenant-Governor
Eliphalet Trask. In
1862 he was com
missioned lieutenant
in Company A,
Forty-sixth R e g i -
ment, M. V. M., and
was soon promoted
to the captaincy of
the company. He
was not only a thor
ough soldier and
officer, but became
the warm personal
friend of every sol
dier under his com
mand. His courage
and good judgment
find favorable men
tion in the Adjutant-
General's Report of
an engagement at
the Neuse road
bridge, near Batch-
elder's Creek, North Carolina, in May, 1863, where he
held his position with his command for some hours
after being deserted by the remainder of the Union
forces which had been engaged, and he had been
reported at headquarters as having been taken prisoner.
His situation was finally ascertained and reinforcements
were sent to him. Later, after the Forty-sixth was
mustered out, he was appointed captain of the Eighth
Massachusetts Infantry, and did provost duty at Balti-

1 m

LEWIS A. TIFFT.

more for three months. His service in the war was
courageous and creditable in a high degree. At its
close he engaged in business as an insurance and gov
ernment claim agent, and in 1868 became secretary of
the Springfield Mutual Fire Assurance Company, which
position he held up to the time of his death, in connec
tion with the agency for other companies. Captain
Tifft served the city capably in both branches of the
City Council, and was the nominee of the Republican
party for mayor in
1873. Captain Tifft
died Aug. 31, 1874,
at the age of thirty-
eight. The Spring
field Republican, at
the time of his death,
said : " Had death
spared him he would
have been mayor of
Springfield, and a
worthy one. Lewis
Tifft was a man of
few faults, and of
many shining virtues.
His character was
never impeached in
any relation of life ;
by nature frank,
brave and honora
ble, he won and held
the confidence of his
friends with no more
ease than that of the
public. His courage
was physical and
moral alike. As in
the risks of war he
never shunned expos
ure, so in society,
business or politics,
he never skulked a belief nor evaded any consequences
of his avowed position." Captain Tifft left three
children, Eliphalet T. Tifft, the present city treasurer,
an office to which he has been elected five years in
succession, and two daughters, Lurancie and Lantie.
The Springfield Camp of Sons of Veterans is named
L. A. Tifft Camp in honor of his memory. His untimely
death was mourned by thousands in Springfield who had
never enjoyed personal acquaintance with him.

35°

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

NOYES W. FISK for a quarter of a century has
been a prominent resident of Springfield, and in
the latter part of that period has been one of the lead
ing men of the city. He is the head of the Fisk Manu
facturing Company, the prosperity of which is a monu
ment to his business sagacity. Mr. Fisk was born at
Hinsdale, N. H., March 15, 1839. He was the son of
Thomas T. and Emily (Hildreth) Fisk. A few years
before his death, in 1861, his father had started in a
small way the manu
facture of soap at
Hinsdale, and it is
the outcome of that
business that the son
today conducts, now
one of the largest
and most important
business concerns in
the country. Noyes
\Y '. Fisk, at the age
of thirteen, entered
the store of Freder
ick Hunt, at Hins
dale, as clerk, and
an incident that oc
curred at that time
is one that has played
a prominent part in
his life. Air. Hunt
handed young Fisk a
pair of scissors, with
the remark that he
would need them in
cutting cotton cloth.
Mr. Fisk has carried
those scissors in his
pocket ever since,
not even excepting
the time he was in
the war. He re
mained in the store about four years, and then went to
Northampton, Alass., as book-keeper for Thayer & Sar
gent. Soon afterwards he went to Springfield, where he
entered the office of the Wason Manufacturing Com
pany, with which his brother, George C. Fisk, had re
cently become connected. He remained there a year
or two, when he was succeeded by Henry S. Hyde,
now treasurer of the company. Mr. Fisk then became
book-keeper for E. B. Haskell & Sons, grocers, with

NOYES W. FISK

whom he remained until he entered the army, in 1862.
He enlisted with Company A, Forty-sixth Regiment,
and after serving one year, returned to Springfield and
started a grocery and provision business. In 1867 he
disposed of this business and went into the manufacture
of lampblack. The following year he was burned out.
Then he went into the soap business, buying an interest
in the old business of his father, which, in the mean
time, had been removed to Springfield, his brothers,
George C. and Lu
cius I., who had
previously been in-
r terested in the busi
ness, remaining as
partners. In 1880
Lucius I. Fisk died,
and the business was
reorganized as the
Fisk Manufacturing
Company, with
George C. Fisk as
president, and
Noyes W. Fisk as
clerk and treasurer,
and these two gen
tlemen and Charles
A. Fisk, as direc
tors. Mr. Fisk
married Emma G.
Adams, of Hinsdale,
N. H., Aug. 25,
1862, and a feu-
days later Air. Fisk
marched to the front,
leaving his bride in
Hinsdale. On his
return from the war
they went to Spring
field, where they
have since resided.
They have one child, Harry G. Fisk, a daughter having
died in infancy. Mr. Fisk was for seven years a mem
ber of the Common Council, and was for eleven years a
member of the Board of Water Commissioners. Not
only as business man but also in his capacity as council
man and water commissioner, he has won the confidence
and esteem of his fellow-citizens, with whom he is very
popular. The demands of his business have been such
as to prevent him from accepting other public offices,

SPRINGFIELD.

351

EC. ROGERS is one of the most enterprising
. and progressive business men in Western New
England. He has made an enviable record for himself
in the business world, although he started the battle
of life as an employee of one of the concerns of
which he is now president and manager. Mr. Rogers
was born at Ogden, Munroe County, N. Y., May 6,
1838. He was the son of John and Betsy (Covell)
Rogers. When he was seven years of age his parents
removed to Western
Michigan, where he
remained for eleven
years, during which
time he attended the
public schools and
worked on a farm.
He went to Spring
field in 1856, when
he was eighteen years
of age. There he
attended the public
schools until he
finished his educa
tion. In 1859 he
became a clerk in
the office of the
Greenleaf & Taylor
Company, manufac
turers of paper, at
Huntington. When
the war broke out
Mr. Rogers enlisted
as a sergeant in the
Forty- sixth Massa
chusetts Regiment.
This was in 1862.
When he returned
from the war he was
an orderly sergeant
with an excellent
record. Air. Rogers returned to his old position with
the Greenleaf & Taylor Company. In 1865 O. H.
Greenleaf of this company became president and man
ager of the Holyoke Paper Company, and in 1866
Mr. Rogers became treasurer of the new concern. He
remained in this position for two years. In 1868 he
returned to the old company as treasurer and manager.
In 1873 the name of the Greenleaf & Taylor Alanufac-
turing Company was changed to the Massasoit Paper

E. C. ROGERS.

Manufacturing Company, when a new mill was erected
at Holyoke and the capital increased to three hundred
thousand dollars. In 1882 Mr. Rogers's company took
hold of the Chester Paper Mill at Huntington, which
had been erected in 1853 by the Greenleaf & Taylor
Company, and of this mill Mr. Rogers is now president.
Both of the mills are handsomely equipped and turn out
many tons of fine writing paper every day. Mr. Rogers
is a resident of Springfield, where he has for many years
ranked as one of the
representative men
of the city, in both
business and social
affairs. He is a
director of the John
Hancock National
Bank of Springfield,
and also of the
Springfield Electric
Light Company. He
was for many years a
director in the
Springfield Union
Newspaper Com
pany, and is one of
the directors of the
Home National Bank
of Holyoke. M r .
Rogers is a Republi
can in politics, and
has always mani
fested a lively i n -
terest in the political
campaigns, although
he has been adverse
to taking office. He
served, however, as
a member of the
Common Council in
1882, 1883 and 1884,
being president of the board the latter year. Mr.
Rogers was secretary and treasurer of the American
Paper Manufacturers' Association in 1887 and 1888, and
was president of the same association in 1889 and 1890.
The first banquet of the association at an annual meet
ing was held while he was its president. Among the
paper manufacturers of New England, as well as in busi
ness and financial circles generally, Mr. Rogers is widely
known and highly respected for his many fine qualities.

352

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

MICHAEL DUNN, of Springfield, is prominent
among the men of Western New England, who,
by honesty, industry and close attention to business,
have arisen to prominence. Mr. Dunn is pre-eminently
a self-made man. Born in the parish of Aghavoe,
Queen's County, Ireland, on March 24, 1833, his early
life was spent on a farm. One of a family of eight, he
received his education in the schools of his native land,
supplemented by extensive reading, observation and
travel. In 185 1 Mr.
Dunn emigrated
vvith his parents to
the United States,
locating at Paterson,
N. J. He obtained a
position in a woollen
mill, where he worked
twelve hours a day
for twenty-five cents
a day. By untiring
energy, push and
appreciation he be
came overseer. He
soon bettered him
self by a situation in
a cotton mill, where
he remained for sev
eral years, becoming
thoroughly conver
sant with the busi
ness. He then be
came connected with
a dyeing and bleach-
ing establishment,
where he formed the
foundation for h i s
future success. In
company with John
Anderton he went to
Chicopee Falls, in
1871, and established the Hampden Bleachery. In
1875 he became interested in the Alusgrove Alpaca
Company, located at Chicopee, as a partner, his atten
tion being still given to the bleaching business. 'Phis
continued for six years, when misfortune overtook the
company by the peculations and treachery of the officers.
The concern failed, and Air. Dunn lost a quarter of a
million dollars. With a stout heart and a stronger
determination to win, he again put his shoulder to the

MICHAEL DUNN.

wheel, and once more earned success. To-day he
is probably the wealthiest Irishman in Western New
England. In 1887 Air. Anderton died. Mr. Dunn
purchased his interest in the Hampden Bleachery from
the heirs, and carried on the business as sole owner until
1 89 1, when he sold it to his nephew, Daniel J. Dunn,
and Edward Foley, both of Chicopee Falls, accepting a
position himself as agent and treasurer of the company,
and devoting his spare time to safe financial invest
ments, in which he
has been fortunate.
He was one of the
original incorpora
tors of the Chicopee
Falls Savings Bank,
was elected trustee
and vice-president,
continuing as such
until his resignation
at the last annual
meeting. He is at
present connected
with several corpora
tions in Springfield
and Holyoke. In
Chicopee public life
he played a promi
nent part, acting as
assistant engineer,
selectman and mem
ber of the Board of
Health. He would
have been given rep
resentative honors,
but declined. In
financial matters Air.
Dunn has the reputa
tion of a safe and
sound business man.
Mr. Dunn married

4?
Hi.

.Mis

Mary E. Norton, of Somerville, on March 3, 1867,

and they have five children: Margaret E., the wife of
13. J. Griffin, of Springfield ; Katharine L., aged twenty-
one ; Joseph J., eighteen, a student at Fordham College,
N. Y. ; Mary H., fifteen, and Kieran, aged twelve. Air.
Dunn has at different times in his life travelled over the
greater part of the Lbiited States and the British
Provinces. He is a man of broad sympathies and a
deep student of human nature.

SPRINGFIELD.

353

JOHN H. CLL7NE is one of the most prominent
Democrats in Springfield, and well known through
out the State. Although a young man, he has been at
various times secretary, treasurer and chairman of the
City Committee of Springfield, has been a member of
the County Committee and is at the present time a
member of the executive committee of the State Cen
tral Committee, in which he represents the Democracy
of Western Massachusetts. In business Mr. Clune has
also made a flatter-
in g success. M r.
Clune was born i n
Springfield, July 4,
1856, the son of Mi
chael and Catherine
(Arthur) Clune. His
education was re
ceived in the Spring
field public schools,
although his school
days ended when he
was eleven years of
age. When thirteen
years old Mr. Clune
entered the establish
ment of the Milton
Bradley Company for
the purpose of learn
ing the lithographic
printing business.
He remained there
for three years, dur-
i n g which time he
became a complete
master of the trade,
after which he went
to work for Jacob C.
Lutze in the same
business. He re
mained with Mr.
Lutze sixteen years. In 1887 Mr. Clune was appointed
city marshal by Mayor Maynard, and held the position
two years. On retiring from this office Mr. Clune pur
chased the business of T. P. Sampson, funeral director,
which he has since conducted with ability and success.
In politics Mr. Clune has had an unusually successful
career, and for a young man, has a remarkably large
acquaintance throughout the State. His first office was
held in 1885, when he was elected to the Springfield

JOHN H. CLUNE

Common Council from Ward Three. He served the
people in that branch of the City Government two
years, during which he made a remarkably good record.
He served on the Committee on Parks and on the Prop
erty Department Committee. He was on the Committee
on Parks when Forest Park was presented to and ac
cepted by the city in 1885. He withdrew from city
politics in 1887 in order to accept the appointment as
city marshal. Mr. Clune was elected a member of the
City Committee in
1880, was made sec
retary and treasurer
in 1884, for its Cleve
land campaign, and
chairman in 1885.
He was elected a
member of the
County Committee
in 1886, on which he
served vvith credit
for a year. On the
retirement of James
B. Carroll from the
State Central Com
mittee in 1889, Mr.
Clune was chosen as
his successor, and in
everyone of his
offic iai positions
he has won dis
tinction for shrewd
man agement and
soundness of
judgment. Al r.
Clune was the candi-
d at e for sheriff of
Hampden County in
1892, when there
was little hope o f
being elected, and
made a good run. In business life Mr. Clune has always
stood high. He was married to Catherine Donvan, of
Springfield, in 1877. They had four children. Mrs.
Clune died on Alarch 24, 1889. He has always been
prominent in church and social life, being a member
of St. Michael's Cathedral, and of several social organiza
tions in the city. As political manager and as business
man, Mr. Clune has won the confidence of the com
munity in which he lives.

354

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

EX-LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR ELIPHALET
TRASK was one of the most distinguished men
Western Alassachusetts has produced. He was select
man before Springfield became a city, then alderman,
and afterwards mayor, in 1855. In 1857 he was elected
lieutenant-governor, with General Nathaniel P. Banks
as governor. Ex-Governor Trask was born at Monson,
Jan. 8, 1806, the son of Josiah and Eliza (Webb)
Trask. His childhood was spent at Alonson, and when
twelve years of age
he went to live with
his maternal grand-
father, at Stafford,
Conn. He learned
the trade of an iron
founder. The work
was hard and the
wages 1 o w, — not
more than ninety-two
cents a day, — but
he remained indus
triously at work until
he had saved enough,
in 1834, to start a
foundry with his
brothers, Lanson and
Abner, in Springfield.
In 1836 he sold his
interest to his
brothers and started
a foundry of his own,
which he continued
until the time of his
death. Mr. Trask
began political life
as a Whig. He re
mained with this
party until the
" Know-N o th ing "
party sprung into ex
istence. He was an earnest advocate of the abolition
of slavery, and first came into prominence as a public
man in 1850, when, as a leader, he prevented a mob
from interfering vvith an abolition speech in Springfield.
In 1857, as the tidal wave of " Know-Nothingism "
was receding, the Republicans and part of the " Know-
Nothings " elected Nathaniel P. Banks, governor, and
Eliphalet Trask, lieutenant-governor. They were twice
re-elected, in 1858 and 1859. He was present at the

ELIPHALET TRASK.

Chicago Convention in i860, when Abraham Lincoln
was nominated for the presidency, and accompanied
the delegation to Springfield, 111. (as a guest of the
president of the Convention), to officially notify Mr.
Lincoln of his nomination. During the War of the
Rebellion he was actively interested, and his influence
and aid always went to sustain the Government. He
was a warm friend of Governor Andrew, the Massachu
setts war governor, and was frequently in consultation
with him regarding
the commission for
the officers of the
regiments from West-
e r n Massachusetts.
He was also a per
sonal friend and
warm admirer of
Charles Sumner,
Wendell Phillips,
William Lloyd Garri-
,."*':«} son and Henry Wil
son. When the Re
publicans of Massa
chusetts divided
upon the issue of
nominating General
Butler for governor,
Mr. Trask espoused
the Butler cause very
warmly, and after
that time was an In-
dependent. A 1-
though devoted to
his own church (the
LIniversalist), he was
a warm friend of all
churches and of all
moral and educa
tional movements.
Governor Trask mar
ried Ruby Squier, daughter of Solomon and Sarah
(Moulton) Squier, of Alonson, March 3, 1829. Mrs.
Trask died Nov. 26, 1890, and Governor Trask died
thirteen days later, on Dec. 9. They had ten children,
six of whom are still living : Henry F., Albert, Airs.
Harriet F. Davis, Mrs. H. S. Hyde and Mrs. W. H.
Hawkins, of Springfield, and Airs. Edward Newcomb,
of Albany, N. Y. They celebrated the sixtieth anniver
sary of their marriage a year before their death.

SPRINGFIELD.

355

GENERAL HORACE CLARK LEE was born in
Springfield, Jan. 31, 1822. After graduating
from the public schools and taking courses at the
Greenfield and East Hartford, Conn., academies he
embarked in the dry goods business, first in Boston and
later in Springfield. In 1858 he was tax collector of
Springfield, and in 1859 city treasurer, which office he
filled until he entered the army. General Lee's mind
displayed a military bent when he was twenty years of
age. In 1842 he was
instrumental in
organizing a military
company which was
known as the Spring
field Guards. He
served in the subor
dinate grades of the
command, and was
elected captain a few
years after its organi
zation. In 1854 he
was chosen colonel
of the Third Massa-
chusetts Artillery,
which was reorgan
ized as the Twelfth
Regiment of Infan
try the following
year, Colonel Lee
retaining the com
mand. Mainly
through his efforts
the Twenty-seventh
Regiment, Massa
chusetts Volunteers,
was organized, and
on Sept. 20, 1861, he
received his commis
sion as colonel. The
regiment took a
prominent part in the battles of Roanoke Island and
Newbern. After the latter engagement Colonel Lee
was appointed acting brigadier-general, and under that
title gained honorable mention for his gallantry at the
battle of Goldsboro, N. C. Shortly after this General
Lee was appointed provost marshal for the district of
North Carolina, and soon afterwards the department of
Virginia was added to his command. He served in
this capacity until January, 1864, and received many

HORACE C. LEE

commendations from his superiors for the manner in
which he performed his duties. After resigning as pro
vost marshal he participated in the battle of Drury's
Bluff, where he was captured by the confederates after
a brave defence. He was first taken to Libby prison
at Richmond, and was afterwards transferred to Camp
Oglethorpe, Macon, Ga. From here the fifty federal
officers of the highest rank were ordered to Charleston
and placed under fire of the Union guns. The govern
ment, in retaliation,
then sent fifty confed
erate officers to Mor
ris Island and placed
them under Southern
fire. This resulted
in an exchange of
prisoners on April 2,
1864. Again rejoin
ing his regiment, he
served until Sept. 27,
1864, when he was
mustered out with
the brevet of briga
dier-general. After
leaving the army
General Lee entered
the custom house at
Boston, where he re
mained four years.
In 1868 he re-em
barked in business
in Springfield. In
1872 he was ap
pointed postmaster
by President Grant,
and held the office
twelve years under
Presidents Garfield,
Arthur and Hayes,
He died June 22,
1884. General Lee helped organize E. K. Wilcox Post,
G. A. R., being its first commander. He was also a
member of the Knights Templar, Loyal Legion and of
the Ancient and Honorable Artillery of Boston. As an
instance of his military and civic popularity may be
mentioned the presentation to him, in 1855, on the
occasion of his assuming the command of the Twelfth
Regiment, of a handsome sword, the gift of the citizens
of Springfield.

NEW BEDFORD has had an experience which has fallen to the lot of few cities in the United States. It has
seen its principal industry sink into decline, an industry which had made of a tiny hamlet an important and
wealthy city. On the ruins of one industry has been built up another and a greater. The old whaling city of the
United States is now one of its great manufacturing centres. To only one other city, Fall River, does it yield the
palm for the number of spindles employed in cotton manufactures ; at its present rate of increase it will soon
yield to none.
The city is growing more rapidly, proportionately, than any other city in New England. By 1895, at the
latest, the population of 1880 (26,485) will have been doubled. When it is stated that five new cotton mills are
now in course of erection, the cause of the increase is suggested. Of these mills four are being erected by corpora
tions which have been organized since February, 1892, with a total capital stock of $2,100,000. The five mills will
run at the start 206,000 spindles.
New Bedford is the wealthiest city of its size in the Union, its wealth approaching $100,000,000. The
readiness with which capital for promising enterprises is obtainable was well instanced when the project for the
erection of the Pierce Mill was set on foot a few months ago. Through the exertions of a single individual the
proposed capital stock of $600,000 was all subscribed within four days.
There are about twenty-five cotton mills in the city, and one woollen mill. These mills are owned by four
teen corporations having a total capital stock of $11,310,000 and running in all 1,040,500 spindles and 15,834
looms. Two of the mills make yarns exclusively, the others produce varieties of fine goods and sheetings. Alike
in structure and internal fixtures, the New Bedford mills are unexcelled anywhere.
The manufactures of the city are not limited to the textile industry. There are over one hundred and ten
other factories which turn out a large variety of products. Among the largest are the Morse Twist Drill and
Machine Company (capital, $600,000), whose goods find a market all over the world; the Pairpoint Manufacturing
Company ($400,000), fine silver-plated ware; the Alount Washington Glass Company ($83,000), fine and cut
glassware; Hathaway, Soule & Harrington ($250,000), boots and shoes; Clark's Cove Guano Company ($800,000),
fertilizers; New Bedford Cordage Company ($375,000), and New Bedford Copper Company ($250,000).
The whaling industry, in which the city's wealth was earned, while sadly reduced, is by no means extinct ;
and New Bedford, now as in the olden days, does the largest whaling business of any place in the world. When
the industry was at its height, in 1857, there were 329 New Bedford vessels of all kinds in the fleet, out of a total
of 569 from all United States ports. On Jan. 1, 1892, the New Bedford vessels numbered 48, out of a total of 92
from all United States ports. The high price of whalebone does much to make the industry profitable. In 1891
the average price was $5.38 per pound. In 1866 the average was $1.37 per pound.
The city has rare natural beauty. It rises from the west bank of the Acushnet River and the north shore
of Buzzards Bay ; and from the hill, which constitutes the finer residential part, a view of land and water, rarely
excelled, presents itself. No American city of even twice its population can boast such well-kept and beautifully
shaded streets. It is surrounded on all sides by lovely summer resorts which are easily reached, some by land
over finely macadamized roads, others by sea in comfortable and commodious steamers. But the city is itself a
choice summer resort. Nowhere are there better facilities for boating, bathing, fishing and driving. Like Newport,
it has an ocean drive, three and a half miles in length, around the Point, which is a never-failing source of pleasure
in summer. And the nights are always cool and invigorating.
New Bedford desires and welcomes new industries. It offers cheap land, water and coal, excellent trans
portation facilities by land and water, low taxes and a climate which, for manufactures as well as for general health,
is nowhere excelled in this country. It has over thirty-five churches, a magnificent school system and three news
papers, the Journal, Standard and Mercury. Alany fine buildings adorn its streets, and its private residences
are unique.

NEW BEDFORD.

357

CHARLES SUMNER ASHLEY, mayor of the city
of New Bedford in the years 1891 and 1892,
is one of the youngest executive officers the city has
had, but his administration promises to leave behind
it a record of extensive work in the direction of im
proving and beautifying the city which will make it long
memorable. Particularly will this be so in regard to the
system of public parks now being laid out. These
parks, three in number, and all of them finely located,
will fill a " long-felt
want " of a very real
nature, and will add
greatly to the attrac
tiveness of an already
beautiful city. Air.
Ashley is now only
thirty-four years of
age. He is the son
of Joshua B. Ashley,
a well-known citizen
of New Bedford.
After he had gradu
ated from the gram
mar school, natural
inclinations led him
to enter at once on
a business career.
At the age of seven
teen he formed a
copartnership in the
market business, con
tinuing and increas
ing this after his
partner's retire-
ment, and down to
the year 1889. In
that year he disposed
of the business, and
later, with Stephen
D. Pierce, opened a
clothing and furnishing goods store, where he now does
a very large business. He also conducts an extensive
wholesale pork business. Mayor Ashley is a Democrat,
and an earnest believer in the tenets of the Demo
cratic party. As the party gains in strength in New
Bedford and vicinity, and it has recently gained greatly,
his part in its battles is likely to be a prominent one.
So far, however, Mr. Ashley has been more closely iden
tified with municipal than with State or national affairs,

CHARLES S, ASHLEY

and in municipal affairs he has figured not as the
Democrat, but as the citizen. His adherents in munici
pal affairs are men of all political parties, and they are
now generally known as the "Ashley" party. The
public service of Mr. Ashley commenced in 1884, when,
at the age of twenty-six, he was chosen a member of
the Common Council. In 1886 he was elected to the
Board of Aldermen, being the only successful aldermanic
candidate on his ticket, and polling more votes than
the mayor elect.
After another year as
alderman, Mr. Ash
ley was induced to
aim higher, and the
two following years
made unsuccessful
fights for the may
oralty. The defeats
were encouraging,
however, and the
third year brought
victory by one of
the largest majorities
in the city's history.
This was in 1890, and
in 1 89 1 the young
mayor was again
elected by a substan-
t i a 1 majority. As
mayor, Mr. Ashley
has been untiring in
his devotion to the
city's interests. He
is familiar with every
detail of the city's
work, and has given
personal supervision
to much of it, includ
ing the plotting of
the city, a work of
great value, which has been undertaken at his instiga
tion. His administrations have given great satisfaction
to the citizens, regardless of party. Personally, the
mayor is a prince of good fellows. He makes friends
readily, and is known as a man who never fails to stand
by them. His devotion to the duties of his office and
the rare ability and tact he has displayed in fulfilling
them make him one of the most valuable public servants
New Bedford has ever had.

358

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

THROUGHOUT the State of Massachusetts, and
indeed throughout the country, no name is to-day
more generally associated with New Bedford than that
of the Hon. William Wallace Crapo. Mr. Crapo is the
son of Henry Howland Crapo, who was for four years
governor of Michigan. His father was a native of
Dartmouth, near New Bedford, where Mr. Crapo was
born, Alay 16, 1830. After passing through the public
schools of New Bedford, he prepared for college at
Phillips Academy,
Andover. He was
graduated from Yale
— which has since
conferred upon him
the degree of LL. D
— in the class of
1852. He studied
law in the Dane Law
School in Cambridge,
and in the office of
Governor Clifford in
New Bedford. In
1855 he was admitted
to the bar, and en
tered upon practice
in New Bedford. Air.
Crapo's political ca
reer began in 1856,
when he took the
stump for John C.
Fremont. In the
same year, when only
twenty-six years of
age, he was elected
to the Alassachusetts
House of Represen
tatives. In 1857 he
declined a nomina
tion to the State Sen
ate. Mr. Crapo is
most widely known through his service in Congress.
He was elected to fill a vacancy in the Forty-fourth
Congress, and was returned for three succeeding terms
thereafter. In the Forty-fifth Congress he was a mem
ber of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. In the Forty-
sixth he served on the Committee on Banking and Cur
rency, and in the Forty-seventh he was chairman of this
important committee. In this capacity he won the ad
miration and confidence of the business men of the

WILLIAM W. CRAPO.

country by the ability and sagacity with which he car
ried through, against determined opposition, the bill to
extend the charter of the national banks. By other
legislative work he enhanced the national reputation
thus acquired. His speeches, argumentative, calm,
convincing, then, as now, commanded attention and
stimulated thought. In recent years Mr. Crapo's name
has on several occasions been brought before the Re
publican State conventions of Massachusetts in connec
tion with the nom
ination for governor.
His attitude on these
occasions has greatly
increased the respect
with which the peo
ple regard him. He
has refused to be in
any sense a self-
seeker or to have
used in his behalf
political methods
which are often more
effective than credit
able. He believes —
and lives up to his
belief — that the
office should seek the
man, not the man the
office. In the affairs
of the city of New
Bedford, Air. Crapo
has always been most
deeply interested.
An enthusiastic ad
mirer of its natural
beauties, he has been,
and is, an earnest
and liberal supporter
of all movements
tending to its best
development. As private and business lawyer, bank pres
ident, president and director of large manufacturing and
railroad enterprises, and in many other positions of re
sponsibility, he has acquired the reputation of a financier
of rare ability, a business man of sagacity, judgment and
prudence and a citizen of kindly and generous tenden
cies. In New Bedford no man enjoys the trust and
esteem of all sections of the community more fully
than William W. Crapo.

NEW BEDFORD.

359

THE family of which Governor John H. Clifford of
Massachusetts was the head has been for sixty
years past, and is to-day, most prominently identified
vvith New Bedford. In 1827 Mr. Clifford came to New
Bedford to study law, the profession in which he after
wards achieved such remarkable success, and which is
to-day adorned by his sons. Thereafter this city was his
home. He was at various times member of the State
House of Representatives, member and president of the
State Senate, district
attorney for the
southern district of
Alassachusetts, attor-
ney-general (for
seven years), and
governor of the
Commonwealth. He died, Jan. 2,
1876. Governor
Clifford married Sa
rah Parker Allen,
daughter of William
Howland Allen, of
New Bedford, who
still survives. Mrs.
Clifford is a direct
descendant of Cap
tain Myles Standish
of Plymouth, while
the governor was a
descendant of Gov
ernor Mayhew, of
Martha's Vineyard.
They had nine chil
dren, of whom the
male survivors are
Charles Warren and
Walter Clifford, both
distinguished mem
bers of the bar of
Bristol County, and prominent figures in the public
affairs of the State. Charles W. Clifford was born Aug.
19, 1844, graduated from Harvard in July, 1865, and stud
ied law. It was his chosen profession from his earliest
years, and one for which experience has proved him
eminently qualified. He was for many years associated
with Hon. George Marston in partnership, and in the
trial of important causes, and is now of the firm of
Crapo, Clifford & Clifford. In 1876 he was one of the

JOHN H. CLIFFORD

commissioners to revise the judiciary system of the
Commonwealth, and in 1891 received the almost unani
mous support of the bar of Massachusetts for appoint
ment as judge of the Circuit Court. He holds many
positions of honor and influence in the State and the
city, and is largely interested in the most important
financial and manufacturing enterprises of New Bed
ford. He married, 1869, Frances Lothrop, daughter of
Charles L. and Elizabeth T. Wood, of New Bedford,
who died in 1872.
In 1876 he married
Wilhelmina H.,
daughter of the late
Governor Crapo, of
Michigan. Walter
Clifford was born
Aug. n, 1849, grad
uated in 187 1 from
Harvard College,
and from Harvard
Law School in 1875.
He was associated
with the office of
Marston & Crapo
from 1875 to 1878,
and since then has
been a member of
the firm of Crapo,
Clifford & Clifford.
As mayor of New
Bedford in 1889 and
1890, he made a
splendid record,
alike in valuable and
enduring work ac
complished for the
city, and in increas
ing popularity with
the people. Mr.
Clifford is an earnest
and vigorous Republican. As a member of the Repub
lican State Central Committee he has taken a prominent
place in the party councils. He was a delegate to the
Minneapolis convention (1892). He is a sound lawyer,
a capable business man, an able politician, an eloquent
and graceful speaker, and a courteous and honorable
gentleman. He married, in 1878, Harriet Perry,
daughter of Congressman Charles S. and Sarah (Perry)
Randall, and has four children.

360

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

FROM New Bedford's earliest days, the Rotch family
have been most prominently identified vvith its
growth and development, seven generations having lived
consecutively within its limits. It was Joseph Rotch,
an enterprising merchant of Nantucket, who in 1765
came here and established himself in the whaling busi
ness, and gave to the little hamlet to which his arrival
brought new life, the name of Bedford Village. Mr.
Rotch's selection of this harbor as one especially
adapted for the pros
ecution of the whale
fishery was the first
step in the develop
ment of a great in
dustry and an impor-
tant city. Later
generations have dis
played the same en
terprise, industry,
and public spirit
which characterized
their ancestor, and
to-day the Rotch
family is still found
at the front in efforts
to develop the city
and its industries.
The senior member
of the family is Hon.
William J. Rotch.
He is a son of Joseph
Rotch (a great-
grandson of the
Joseph Rotch above
named), and was
born in Philadelphia
Alay 2, 1819. In
1838 he was grad
uated from Harvard
with his brother Ben
jamin, the brothers being the two marshals of the class.
Soon after this, with his brother and Joseph Ricketson,
Mr. Rotch founded the New Bedford Cordage Com
pany, which has developed into one of the most success
ful industries in the city. Of this company he was
president for thirty-four years. The Rotch brothers
were among the first to recognize the value of the
AlcKay sewing machine, which, under the able manage
ment of Gordon McKay, has obtained world-wide fame.

Mr. Rotch is president of the Howland Mills Corpora
tion, the new Rotch Spinning Corporation and the
Rotch Wharf Company. He is vice-president of the
New Bedford Institution for Savings and a director of
most of the important manufacturing and financial
enterprises of the city, as well as of the Old Colony
Railroad. In these and many other positions Mr. Rotch
has won the confidence and esteem of all who know
him. Mr. Rotch's career in public life has been limited
only by his own in
clinations. In 1852
he was elected the
second mayor of the
city of New Bedford.
Prior to this he had
served two years in
the General Court.
He was a member of
the military staff of
Governor Clifford.
But his ambitions
were not centered on
political preferment,
and he could not be
induced to aim
higher. He has,
however, been a
steadfast supporter
of the Republican
party since its for
mation. Air. Rotch
married, in 1842,
Emily Alorgan,
daughter of Charles
W. Morgan, of New
Bedford. She died
in 1861, leav ing
seven children, all
of whom are still
living. In 1866 he
married Clara Alorgan, and they have one daughter.
Mr. Rotch's New Bedford residence is one of the largest
and handsomest in the city. The grounds are alike
beautiful and extensive, and within are all the comforts
which wealth can bring. Here, surrounded by his
family and the friends of a lifetime, Air. Rotch is still
actively engaged in the development of the many enter
prises vvith which he is prominently associated and
which he has done so much to promote.

WILLIAM J. ROTCH.

NEW BEDFORD.

361

M

ORGAN ROTCH is one of New Bedford's younger

financial and political interests. A son of Hon. Wil
liam J. Rotch, whose life is sketched on another page,
he was born in New Bedford in 1848. He was edu
cated at the Friends Academy in his native city, at
the Phillips (Exeter) Academy, and at Harvard Col
lege, from which he was graduated in 187 1. After
leaving Harvard he spent a year in European travel,
and then entered
business in New Bed ¦
ford, first as a cotton
broker, and later as
a stock and note
broker. In the lat
ter capacity he now
does a very extensive
business, and his
office is one of the
financial centres of
the city. Mr. Rotch
is president of the
New Bedford Manu
facturing Company,
and his services are
much sought after in
the direction of the
city's most important
enterprises. He is
now a director of the
Howland Mills Cor
poration, the Rotch
Spinning Corpora
tion, the Pierce
Manufacturing Cor
poration, the South
ern Massachusetts
Telephone Com
pany, the National
Bank of Commerce,
the New Bedford Cordage Company, the New Bedford
Opera House Company the Pairpoint Manufacturing
Company, and the Illinois Steel Company. His con
nection with the enterprises with which he is associated
is always an active one, and it never fails to be for the
benefit of the stockholders. In politics Mr. Rotch has
had all the honors he has sought, and has refused more.
He entered the Common Council of the city as a young
man of thirty, and made his influence quickly felt.

MORGAN ROTCH

Four years in succession (1885-88) he was elected to
the mayor's chair, being returned on each occasion by
majorities which attested his growing popularity. His
administration was marked by the agitation and adop
tion of many much needed improvements, including
extensive and beneficial work upon the streets, the con
struction of a new system of sewerage in a thickly
populated part of the city, and the reorganization of the
poor department. Since he left the mayor's chair Mr.
Rotch has continued
to be a prominent
figure in municipal
affairs, and as a mem
ber and first chair
man of the Board of
Public Works, which
has entire charge of
the streets, he has
done, and is doing,
excellent work for
the city. Air. Rotch's
zealous work for the
Republican party, of
which he has always
been a consistent
adherent, was recog
nized by Governor
Ames, who selected
him as a member of
his military staff. In
1 89 1 he was elected
to the State Senate,
where he served with
distinction for one
term, refusing a re-
nomination for busi
ness reasons. Mr.
Rotch was elected
president of the Bris
tol County Agricultu
ral Society in 1891, and his association with and work
for it has given this society a new vigor. On Dec. 4,
1879, Mr. Rotch was married to Miss Josephine G.
Grinnell, of New Bedford. They have two children.
He is a member of the Wamsutta Club, New Bedford ;
the Somerset, Country, and Athletic clubs, Boston, and
the Union and University clubs, New York. In the
social and financial circles of the two last-named cities
Mr. Rotch is well known and very popular,

362

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

GEORGE F. BARTLETT was born in New Bed
ford, Alay 4, 1828. He is descended from the
Rev. Ivory Hovey, who graduated at Harvard College
in 1733 and died at South Plymouth (Manomet) in
1803, aged ninety years. Two pastorates covered his
life-work at Rochester and Manomet. His grandfather
was Deacon Abner Bartlett of Manomet, prominent in
town and State councils. His parents were Ivory Hovey
Bartlett and Betsy Clark, both of Manomet. He was
educated in the pub
lic schools, graduat
ing at the high
school, December,
1844. He attended
Phillips Academy,
Ando v e r, during
1845, and the Friends , /,
Academy, in New
Bedford, the winter
terms of 1S45-46.
He is a Republican
in politics, and wor
ships vvith the Ortho
dox Congregational
Church. He entered
his father's counting-
room April 1, 1846,
became a partner in
1854, and is the sur
viving partner of
Ivory H. Bartlett &
Sons. He was
elected director of
the Merchants' Na
tional Bank in 1865,
and a member of the
board of public works
in 1 89 1 for three
years, now serving in
both. His business
is whaling and commission. His firm has for fifty-two
years been the purchasing agents for the London house
of Langton & Bicknells, and in 1861 bought twenty-
four whalers for the Stone fleet. In 1852 he married
Clara Gordon Nye, daughter of the late Gideon Nye and
Sylvia Hathaway Nye, of Acushnet. They had eight
children, three of whom are living. His eldest son,
the late Frederick Carew Smyth, graduated from Har
vard College in 1875, and became a partner with the

GEORGE F. BARTLETT

distinguished law firm of Crapo, Clifford & Clifford. In
1877 he took passage for San Francisco in the ship
"Syren." In 1878 he visited Europe, going from New
Bedford to London docks in Norwegian brig, " Noatum."
In 1882 he married Abby Gibbs Wood, daughter of the
late James B. Wood. He died in 1886, aged thirty-
three, leaving a widow and two sons, Geoffrey and Clif
ford. He was twice elected selectman, and to the State
Legislature, from Fairhaven, and was serving at the time
of his death. His
second son, Gideon
Nye, was a passenger
in whaling bark
"Ocean," in 1874,
returning from Fayal
in the " Fredonia."
He visited, on busi
ness, the Sandwich
Islands in 1875 and
1876, and the Arctic
Ocean in 1878 as
supercargo of ship
" Syren" to St. Law
rence Bay, Siberia,
where she took a
cargo of oil and
bone and returned
to New Bedford,
while he continued
to the Arctic Ocean
in whaleship " Rain
bow," Cogan, master,
going as far east as
Camden Bay, near
AfcKenzie River, and
west to Herald
Islands. He now is
manager of the To-
bin Whalebone Com-
pany, New York.
He married, in 1S81, Stella Alay Smith, of San Fran
cisco, and has two children, George Gordon and Alice
Church. His third son, the late George F., Jr., died in
Mexico, in 1881, in the employ of Kidder, Peabody
& Co., of Boston, at the Cusihuiriachic mining camp,
after three months' residence there, aged twenty-four
years. His youngest son, Clarence Hathaway, entered
the employ of the banking house of Sanford & Kelley,
of New Bedford, in 1885, where he is now book-keeper.

NEW BEDFORD.

363

jHcf

NO man has been more prominently associated vvith
the public affairs of New Bedford during the last
half century than George B. Richmond. Mr. Rich
mond is a native of the city, and was born Nov. 9, 182 1,
his parents being Gideon Richmond, of Dighton, and
Rebecca (Barstow) Richmond, of Scituate. He was
educated at the schools of New Bedford and Middle-
boro, and at Brown University, where ill health cut
short his studies during the first term of his junior year.
Returning to New
Bedford, he entered
on a business life,
and immediately
became identified
with the public in
terests of the city.
In 185 1 he was
elected to the State
Legislature on the
Whig ticket. In
1861 he was ap
pointed inspector,
weigher, gauger and
measurer in the New
Bedford Custom
House, and held
that office till he re
signed in 1874. Mr.
Richmond was five
times mayor of New
Bedford. For twelve
successive years,
with a single excep
tion, he was before
the people as the
champion of pro
hibition and the en
forcement of the
liquor laws, and he
sat in the mayor's
chair in the years 1870, 1871, 1872, 1874 and 1878.
His administration won wide attention and was cited
everywhere by temperance advocates as proving the
efficiency of Prohibition liquor laws when honestly
enforced. To this day the name of George B. Rich
mond makes the blood of a New Bedford liquor seller
run cold. His administration of the city's affairs was
also signalized by a new era in the extension of streets
and by many other important improvements incidental

GEORGE B. RICHMOND

to its development from a whaling to a great manufac
turing city. In State affairs Mr. Richmond has been
most prominent. In 1873 he was appointed by Gover
nor Washburn one of the police commissioners of the
Commonwealth, and remained on the commission till
it was abolished. In 1880 and 1881 he represented his
district in the State Senate, and was chairman in the
latter year of the Committee on Public Charitable
Institutions and the Liquor Laws. In 1883 he was
appointed registrar
of deeds for the
Southern Bristol Dis
trict, to fill a vacancy,
and he has since
occupied this posi
tion by the choice
* ¦- , , , ¦
of the people again
1 1 o
and again expressed.
He has been a trus
tee of Westboro In
sane Asylum since
1886 by appointment
of Governors Robin
son, Ames and Rus
sell. For years Mr.
Richmond has been
a Republican leader.
As member of the
Republican State
Committee, chair-
man of the Republi
can City Committee,
and in many similar
capacities he has
done invaluable
work for his party.
in 1888 he declined
further election to
these offices. But he
is still as then an
ardent Republican. Air. Richmond is chairman of the
Board of Trustees of the First Baptist Society, a member
of the Baptist church, and was for five years superin
tendent of its Sunday school. He was for seven years
president of the New Bedford Young Men's Christian
Association. He is now one of the trustees of the Five
Cents Savings Bank. Air. Richmond has been thrice
married and has had seven children, of whom five are
living.

364

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

WILLIAM D. HOWLAND.

WILLIAM D. HOWLAND is a prominent rep
resentative of the mill interests of New Bed
ford. As treasurer of the New Bedford Manufacturing
Company, the Howland Mills Corporation and the
recently organized Rotch Spinning Corporation, he
directs the affairs of three of the most important manu
facturing enterprises of the city. Air. Howland is the
youngest son of Matthew and Rachel Howland, and was
born in New Bedford in 1853. His family name is one
which has always been prominent in the history of New
Bedford, and his ancestors for several generations have
held positions of honor in the community. His grand
father, George Howland, who was born in Fairhaven in
1 78 1, was one of the old-time whaling merchants of
New Bedford, and one of its most prominent and re
spected citizens. He was the first president of the
Bedford Commercial Bank, now the National Bank of
Commerce, one of the incorporators of the Insti
tution for Savings, and a pioneer in the movement
which brought the railroad to New Bedford. His son,
Matthew, the father of William D., also engaged in the
whaling business. He was a director of the National
Bank of Commerce, and was closely and liberally iden
tified with many efforts for the moral and religious
improvement of the community. Air. Howland was
educated at the Friends Academy in his native city,
and at Brown University. He entered, in 1879, me
employ of the Wamsutta Mills Corporation. Four years
later he organized the New Bedford Alanufacturing
Company for the manufacture of cotton yarns. In this
project he was aided by many friends of the How
land family, who were probably led to interest them
selves in it more from personal than from business
considerations. But before many months had passed
they found that the investment was to prove a most

valuable one. Almost from the start the record of the
concern has been one of constant growth and exten
sion. In the spring of 1886 a second and larger mill
was built by the company. In 1888 the Howland Mills
were erected by a new corporation composed largely
of the same individuals. Soon a second Howland Mill
was erected, and to this a large addition was made
later. And now, in 1892, the Rotch Spinning Corpo
ration has been organized, and its fine new mill is al
ready partially in operation. The three concerns,
though quite distinct, are yet closely allied. Their total
capital stock is $2,000,000, and they have in all 136,000
spindles. The Howland Mill Village has acquired al
most a national reputation. This splendid collection
of workmen's homes is the outcome of a plan formed
by Mr. Howland in 1888 by which to secure and retain
the best class of operatives. A large tract of land was
laid out by the corporation, with wide, well-built streets,
and some fifty or more model single houses, fitted
with all modern conveniences, and surrounded by an
abundance of ground, were built. These houses are
let or sold outright on reasonable terms to the em
ployees, and effort is put forth to make them in every
way as attractive as possible. The scheme was under
taken not from philanthropic but from the broadest
economic motives. The result has been most encour
aging, and has shown that consideration for the welfare
of the help proves mutually beneficial. Air. Howland
is also president of the Pierce & Bushnell Alanufactur
ing Company, manufacturers of pastels, etchings, etc., a
trustee of the New Bedford Institution for Savings, and
a director of the National Bank of Commerce and the
New Bedford Safe Deposit and Trust Company. He is a
Republican in politics, and a strong believer in protection
as a factor in the development of American industries.

THE site on which the city of Lowell was founded is full of historic interest, for here gathered the redskin to
partake of Nature's bounties, and here came the settler to take advantage of Nature's inducements and
usurp the reign of the Indian. Like all New England cities and towns, Lowell's history is interwoven with that of
an old-time parish, for before Lowell there was East Chelmsford, a hamlet in the wilderness north of Boston, with
a tavern for the accommodation of wayfarers on the highway between Boston and Vermont.
This was at the opening of the present century, and eight years before " The Proprietors of the Locks and
Canals on the Alerrimack River" had been incorporated, and a canal around the falls in the Merrimack, now Paw-
tucket Falls, built. Through this canal was floated, from time to time, lumber from the North to the sea. Twenty
years later, the insignificant hamlet had become a village, with two hundred and fifty inhabitants, several indus
tries, a grist mill, and a water highway to Boston. But the creative hand of enterprise had not touched the mighty
force of the Alerrimack ; only the falls in its tributary, the Concord, were yielding wealth through its industries.
To Francis Cabot Lowell, New England is indebted for its cotton industries, for in 1813, with Patrick T.
Jackson and Nathan Appleton, he obtained an act of incorporation to manufacture, and his plans were a few years
later, though after his death, put into execution at Lowell in 1822 by the erection of a cotton mill, under the
direction of the Merrimack Manufacturing Company.
This company paid nearly fifty thousand dollars for water rights on the Pawtucket canal, and Sept. 1, 1823,
the first wheel was started. A year later St. Anne's Church was built, and soon after came the incorporation of
other mills named after the early mill owners, Appleton, Boott and Jackson.
Until 1836 Lowell was still a town, but of size and importance to receive municipal privileges, which this
year were granted. The pioneer cotton manufactories were drawing thousands of people, and the tide did not
turn until the panic of 1857. The cotton mills suffered with the other industries of the country. For a time the
growth was checked, but in 1870 the population was 40,928, the area 3,838 acres, with fifty miles of streets, and
property valued at $25,922,488. There were fifteen manufacturing corporations and seven other concerns, with
property valued at twelve millions. The last census shows that the population exceeds 80,000, making it the
thirty-seventh in the list of American cities, and in point of industries entitled to the name of the " Manchester of
America." Since 1836 its area had increased fourfold ; it had 1 1,200 dwellings, valued at $62,046,799. Its accepted
streets were over no miles in length, with nine miles granite paved, and 56 miles of sewers. Its water is the
best and its gas the cheapest in New England. The forty incorporated companies had property valued at
$26,224,115, while in textile mills were employed 24,172 persons, 2,838 in machine shops, 1,050 in wood working,
560 in leather, and 2,500 in other industries, a total of 31,120 operatives.
The character of the people is exemplary, riots or strikes being almost unknown, there being little or no
vagabond element and no socialistic agitation to disturb the peace of the community. A large proportion of the
wage earners are housed in their own homes. When the mills were first opened the operatives were drawn from
the towns and villages of New England. Now all is changed, for the foreign element, represented by French
Canadians, British, Irish and Swedes have flocked in, readily finding work as new industries are developed. The
cost of living is lower than in any other city in the country, due to the boarding-house system, inaugurated when
the cotton mills were first built. It costs a man $2.90 per week and a woman $2.25 for good substantial food at
these boarding-houses, and the corporation pays a stated sum for each boarder.
The industries are manifold, but cotton manufacturing is the staple of the great trade. The annual output
in 1891 was over 257,800,000 yards of cloth, and 103,000,000 yards of calico printed, in seven corporations,
valued at $19,572,556 ; eight mills manufacturing woollens and carpets had an output of $11,422,921 ; twelve mills
making elastic webbing, suspenders, etc., aggregate a business of $5,550,000 ; bleachery and dye works, $1,000,500 ;
machinery, $6,460,000; wood working, $4,180,500; mill supplies, $2,000,000; medicines and perfumes,
$6,000,000; miscellaneous, $5,000,000, a total amount of business of $76,503,782.

366

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

GEORGE W. FIFIELD, ex-mayor of the city
of Lowell, is the largest manufacturer of engine
lathes in the United States, and a worker in the iron
business extensively known in manufacturing circles.
He is a native of Belmont, N. H., and at the age of
eighteen years went to Lowell, and became an appren
tice in the machinery trade. He has made his home
there ever since, and from a machinist's apprentice he
became a master workman and finally in a small way
branched out into
building engine
lathes, a business
which has had a sur-
prising growth.
These have been
years of hard work
for Afr. Fifield, and
he has atte nded
strictly to his busi
ness, entering public
life but seldom. He
first became well
known as an alder
man, serving in 1883
and 1884, and his
work there indicated
that he was business
to the backbone. In
1 89 1 and 1892 he
served as mayor of
the city, defeating at
the polls, on two oc
casions, the strongest
Republican candi
date who could be
pitted against him.
Politically, he is a
Democrat of the
stanchest kind, and
has been for several
years on the Democratic State Central Committee. Mr.
Fifield is looked upon as the type of a conservative, sub
stantial business man, one of whom all Lowell speaks in
highest terms, and one who as a mayor was thoroughly be
lieved in by the taxpayers of the city. He has shown his
business ability in his management of the Lowell Elec
tric Light Company, of which he has been president
since 1883, and since which time it has developed from
a small plant in a hired building to one of the largest

GEORGE W. FIFIELD

electric companies of New England, with buildings
covering a large territory. It was perhaps this fact more
than any other which brought Mr. Fifield prominently
before the public as a business representative of the
people. His own business he had developed from a
small shop to a big one employing scores of skilled
mechanics. Mr. Fifield has many financial enterprises
in different parts of the country, and to look after their
interests he travels a great deal. Whenever political
material is needed in
the big campaigns
Mr. Fifield is the
most sought after of
all the Lowell manu
facturers, as his
knowledge of the
manufacturing inter
ests of all sections of
the country is very-
extensive. Espe
cially in mining mat
ters is he conversant,
and besides he is a
believer in free coal
and iron as the
greatest need of New
England industries.
Personally, Air. Fi
field is a very enter
taining talker, and
whatever he says is
strictly reliable. As
mayor of the city he
gave a purely busi
ness administration,
and taxpayers with
out regard to party
had the greatest con
fidence in him. He
declined to serve
another term, owing to the demands of his business. He
is in the directory of the Lowell banks, and resides in
a magnificent house in the Highlands. Like all resi
dents of that section of the city, he does his utmost to
make it the ideal residential ward. Air. Fifield's name
has often been mentioned in connection with higher
political honors than the mayoralty of Lowell, but his
large business interests are such that he cannot neglect
them. In the social life of Lowell, he is very popular.

LOWELL.

367

JOHN JAMES PICKMAN, mayor elect of Lowell,
was born in this city, Jan. 9, 1850. He comes from
rugged Scotch stock, his father, David Pickman, being
the personification of sturdy honesty and sterling worth,
and though of Scotch birth, a patriotic and zealous
American citizen to those of the city who shared his
acquaintance. The mayor received his education in
the public schools of his native city, and at the age of
sixteen years he was graduated from the high school
and entered at once
upon the study of law,
being graduated at
the Harvard Law
School in 1869, while
lacking two years of
his majority. On his
attaining his twenty-
first birthday he was
admitted to practice
in the Middlesex
County bar, and at
once laid the foun
dation of that repu
tation which justifies
his choice of a pro
fession. Mayor Pick-
man has had a varied
municipal and legis
lative experience,
having first been sent
to the Common
Council in 1876 and
1877 from his own
ward, then in 1879
and 1880 to the
lower branch of the
General Court, and
from 1882 to 1885
to the School Board,
in all of which offices
he performed painstaking and conscientious work. In
1885 he was commissioned an associate justice of the
Police Court by Governor Ames, and he still retains the
office, sitting on criminal and civil cases whenever the
regular justice is absent. In 1886 he was city solicitor,
and his important cases of the year were the suits
brought by the largest manufacturing corporations to
recover excess in taxation of their property by the city
assessors. The cases commenced at this time have

JOHN J. PICKMAN

only just been finished, and it is worthy of note that
the legal questions raised and finally decided by the
highest court in the Commonwealth were without prec
edent. Professionally, Mayor Pickman is a self-reliant,
sound and safe practitioner, who is widely and thor
oughly esteemed by his associates at the bar. He is
a speaker of more than ordinary ability, and is sure to
impress his hearers with his earnestness and his sin
cerity. Personally, Mayor Pickman is a man of varied
attainments and de
lightful character.
He has a genial and
hearty disposition, a
keen wit and a rich
store of literary
knowledge. He is
an ardent lover of
nature, and enjoys no
leisure better than
that which comes
with a life in the
camp, a tramp among
the hills or a voyage
in a frail canoe. He
has been abroad sev
eral times, and his
observations have
given him an origi
nality of thought,
which, when ex
pressed, is both de
lightfully entertaining
and instructive.
Mayor Pickman is a
member of the
Mayors' Club, is a
Freemason, and has
had great success as
the president of the
Lowell Republican
Club. Despite the fact that Lowell is a Democratic
stronghold, he was elected upon the Republican ticket
to the mayoralty, — a worthy expression of his popularity
among the citizens of his native city, regardless of party
lines. His extended experience in municipal affairs, his
ability as a lawyer and his wide culture conspire to make
Mayor Pickriian a thoroughly representative man of the
Commonwealth. It is anticipated that his administra
tion as mayor will be successful.

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

FREDERIC T. GREENHALGE, lawyer and orator,
who represented the Eighth Massachusetts Con
gressional District in the Fifty-first Congress, is one of
the most brilliant of Lowell's many lawyers, and an ora
tor and political speaker of great reputation throughout
New England. He was born in Clitheroe, a parliamen
tary borough of England, in the county of Lancaster,
July 19, 1842. His father, William Greenhalge, removed
to Lowell in 1854, and assumed charge of the copper
roller engraving in
the Merrimack Print
Works. His son,
Frederic, entered the
public schools, and
passed the grammar
and high school
grades, attracting at
tention as a scholar
of unusual ability.
He graduated from
the high school as
a Carney medal
scholar. In debate
and declamation
young Greenhalge
had already made his
mark, the forecast of
of a brilliant career
in later life. In 1859
he entered Harvard
College, intending to
pursue a full colle
giate course, but the
death of his father
brought him face to
face with the re
sponsibilities of life
in a busy world, and
so, relinquishing his
hopes for a college
education, he secured a teacher's position. While pur
suing this vocation he found time to study law, and just
before the outbreak of the war entered the law office
of Brown & Alger. In 1863 he went into the army,
and was connected with the commissary department at
Newbern, N. C. While there he was stricken with ma
larial fever, and after months of sickness he was sent
home. Slowly he recovered, and then resumed the
study of law, and in 1865 was admitted to the Middle-

%•'

FREDERIC T. GREENHALGE.

sex bar. He early received recognition for his abili
ties, and in Lowell became quite popular. In 1868 and
1869 he served in the Common Council, and in 1871
was elected to the School Board for two years. He
devoted himself strictly to the practice of his profession,
and received the appointment of special justice of the
Municipal Court. In the years 1880 and 1881 he was
elected mayor, and his administration 'was a successful
and thoroughly business-like one. From this time on he
became recognized
as a speaker of ex
ceptional brilliancy,
and especially upon
educational topics he
was in demand as a
lecturer. In the po
litical campaign of
1888 the Republicans
nominated him for
congressman, and he
was elected amid
great enthusiasm. At
Washington he at
once took a foremost
position in the ranks
of the House leaders,
his speeches receiv
ing immediate atten
tion from the press
all over the country,
especially his debates
as a member of the
Elections Committee
during the legislative
fight over the unseat
ing of several South
ern Democrats, and
the seating of Re
publicans in their
stead. In 1890 he
was again a candidate, but failed to secure a re-elec
tion, and for the time being his political career is
ended. Mr. Greenhalge has a great depth of knowl
edge, and this, combined with keen wit, makes him a
favorite speaker at important gatherings, educational
and religious. He has held and still holds many minor
but important offices, as commissioner in insolvency,
and master in many law cases. He has been president
of the Unitarian Club of Lowell.

LOWELL.

369

CHARLES I. HOOD, proprietary medicine manu
facturer, was born in Chelsea, the shire town of
Orange County, Vermont, in 1845, his father, Amos R.
Hood, being a native of the town, and for many years
the leading druggist. In his early life he acquired a
liking for the drug trade, and was in the store enough
to get a general idea of the business. He obtained his
education at the common schools and at the academy
in Chelsea, and immediately after completing his aca
demic course went
to Lowell with a de
termination to thor
oughly master all the
details of the drug
trade. He served a
five years' apprentice
ship with Samuel
Kidder, one of the
best known of Low
ell's druggists, and at
the expiration of the
time took the posi
tion of prescription
clerk in the estab
lishment of Theodore
Metcalf & Co., Bos
ton, where he gained
an experience which
has been invaluable
to him in buying
materials for and in
the preparation of
medicines. In 1870
he left Metcalf's and
with a partner opened
a drug store in Low
ell at the corner of
Merrimack and Cen
tral streets. It was
while here that Mr.
Hood conceived the idea of making and- offering to the
public a new medicine, — Hood's sarsaparilla. In 1875
the young druggists began in a small way to compound
the sarsaparilla, and to-day the preparation is known
and used all over the world. Mr. Hood has manufac
tured sarsaparilla ever since, and in doing so has paid
strict attention to his business, declining all invitations
to allow his name to be used for political honors, and in
fact keeping personally out of public sight, but enter-

CHARLES I HOOD

prisingly pushing his preparations into the best markets.
To pen a sketch of Mr. Hood is to describe the wonder
ful growth of the manufacture of Hood's sarsaparilla.
The sales increased rapidly, and in 1878 the drug store
becoming overcrowded, a floor in the Southwick Block
was taken. Next year larger quarters were demanded,
and accordingly a five years' lease of a wooden building
on Church Street was taken. In three years the busi
ness had increased so wonderfully that greater accom-
modations were
needed, and land on
Thorndike Street
was purchased. Up
till 1878 two hundred
square feet in area
accommodated the
business ; the fine
four- story brick
building erected in
1883 covered 5,000
square feet of land.
In 1886, an addition
to this building made
the entire structure
229 feet long and 50
feet wide, a total floor
area, including the
boiler house, of 62,-
000 square feet.
Another big addi
tion was made
last year, making
the building the
largest in the world
devoted to medicine
preparation. The
capacity of the stor
age tanks is 195,000
bottles. The entire
preparation of the
article is made in the building. Printers' ink, through
the medium of 6,500 newspapers, is the secret of Air.
Hood's success. Mr. Hood loves the turf, owns several
fast trotters, and maintains at Andover the best stock
farm in New England. His latest addition to his farm
is a fine herd of blooded Jersey cows. Mr. Hood has
made one of the most conspicuous business successes
not only in New England, but in America, and it is a
success deserved by honest effort.

37«

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

CHARLES HERBERT ALLEN, ex-congressman,
was born in Lowell, April 15, 1844, and is the
son of Mr. Otis Allen, one of the oldest manufac
turers in this city. He was educated in the public
schools, and after being graduated from the high school
in 1865, entered Amherst CoUege, from which he was
graduated in 1869. Returning to Lowell, he was admit
ted to partnership with his father in the box-making
business, in 1872, and he still carries on that industry,
his father, who is
nearly eighty-two
years of age, having
retired. Mr. Allen
first entered politics
by being elected to
the School Board in
1874, and in that
body he sat u n t i 1
1 88 1, when he was
elected to the Gen
eral Court as a repre
sentative. Serving
two years there, he
was elected in 1883
to the Senate, and
his growing popular
ity won for him the
congressional nomi
nation the following
year, and an election
followed, and a re
election in 1886.
The two terms spent
in Congress gave him
many opportunities
to become a familiar
figure in national
politics, andj in his
second term the effi
cient work performed
as a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs won
for him instant recognition and the approval of Senator
Dawes. He was strongly urged to take a renomination
in 1886, but was forced to decline owing to the demands
of his father's business, Mr. Otis Allen, then eighty years
old, desiring to retire. Mr. Allen received his honorary
title of colonel by being a member of Governor Robin
son's staff. He did not again take active part in poli
tics until the fall of 1 891,; when he was prevailed upon

CHARLES H. ALLEN

to stand as the Republican gubernatorial candidate.
Mr. Allen then took the stump, and by his speeches
proved that he was a speaker of more than ordinary
brilliancy. He worked indefatigably upon the stump,
but was defeated at the polls by Governor Russell.
C'olonel Allen is well known socially, not only in Lowell
but throughout the State. He has a fine residence on
Rolfe Street, surrounded by seven acres of beautifully
laid-out grounds, overlooking the Alerrimack River.
He belongs to sev
eral social clubs and
to the Union Club
of Boston. While in
Congress Colonel
Allen received al
most national atten
tion by his entering
the ranks of the
amateur photogra
phers, and while
on the Indian reser
vations in the West
h e secured many
valuable negatives,
which have since
proven good ma
terial for interesting
lectures in aid of the
improvement of the
condition of the In
dians. In the Fif
tieth Congress Air.
Allen served on the
Committee on Post-
Offices and Post
Roads — an impor
tant committee hav
ing at its disposal
sixty millions of
money. He was the
only member from New England on this committee.
Mr. Allen was married in Alanchester, N. H., Nov. 10,
1870, to Harriet C, daughter of James and Sarah B.
(Chase) Dean. Of this union were two children :
Bertha and Louise Allen. Mr. Allen is a member of the
Masonic order. It is unfortunate that the demands of
private business should deprive the Commonwealth of
his public services. As a business man Air. Allen is
highly respected by "all associated with him.

LOWELL.

371

FREDERICK AVER, the foremost business man of
Lowell, Mass., was born in Ledyard, Conn.,
December 8, 1822, and received the rudiments of his
education in the district schools of his native town.
He early entered upon his commercial career, as clerk
in the general store of Tomlinson & Co., BaldwinsviUe,
N. Y. When twenty years old he became partner of
the same firm at Syracuse, N. Y. After three years he
retired and became a partner of Hon. Dennis McCarthy,
this partnership con
tinuing eleven years.
In 1855 Mr. Ayer
removed to Lowell
and joined his
brother, Dr. James
C. Ayer, in the manu
facture of proprietary
medicines, under the
name of J. C. Ayer
& Co. In 1877 this
concern was incor
porated as the J. C.
Ayer Company,
Frederick Ayer be
ing appointed treas
urer, which office he
still retains. He is
identified with sev
eral banking and
other incorporated
enterprises in New
England. In 187 1
James C. and Fred
erick Ayer purchased
a controlling interest
in the Tremont Mills
and Suffolk Manu
facturing Company.
Both these corpora
tions were bankrupt.
Being contiguous, a consolidation was subsequently
effected under the name of the Tremont & Suffolk
Mills, and this corporation is now one of the most suc
cessful in New England. Mr. Ayer was one of the
founders of the Lowell & Andover Railroad, and was
early made its president, which office he still holds.
He is treasurer of the Portage Canal in Michigan, and
a director of the Lake Superior Ship Canal Railway and
Iron Company, which has a capital of four million dol-

FREDERICK AYER.

lars. He is also interested in large horticultural and
mining enterprises. In 1885 Mr. Ayer purchased the
Washington Mills, Lawrence, Mass., and immediately
reorganized the plant under the name of the Washing
ton Mills Company. He became its first president,
and is now treasurer. New mills have been built, new
machinery added, new manufactures introduced, and
the concern forms the largest woollen manufactory in
America. In 1871 Mr. Ayer served as alderman, during
which period small
pox appeared as an
epidemic. The
Board of Health as
then constituted
utterly failed to cope
with this disease, and
the severe criticisms
of Alderman Ayer
provoked every
member to resigna
tion. This resulted
in the election of a
new board, of which
he was chairman.
The plague had been
raging for eight
months, but under
Air. Ayer's efficient
management, this
disease was entirely
eradicated from the
city in six weeks.
Of five hundred and
sixty-seven cases re
ported, one hundred
and seventy- seven
proved fatal. In his
benefactions Mr.
Ayer has been un
ostentatious, but the
public charities are few in which he has not joined. Mr.
Ayer has been twice married; first in 1858, to Miss
Cornelia Wheaton, at Syracuse, N. Y., by whom he had
two sons and two daughters. Mrs. Ayer died in 1878.
He was again married in 1884, to Miss Ellen B. Banning,
at St. Paul, Minn., by whom he has two daughters and
a son. Mr. Ayer is still hale and vigorous, energetic in
enterprise, esteemed by all, and is now reaping the
fruits of his long and honorable career.

372

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

CHARLES LEWIS HILDRETH, general superin
tendent of the Lowell Machine Shop, the largest
machine works in the country, and in which the greater
part of the machinery for the Lowell corporations is
made, was born in Concord, N. H., Oct. 9, 1823, and is
a son of Elijah Hildreth, a lineal descendant of Richard
Hildreth, a member of a party of thirty-nine settlers, to
whom, in 1653, was granted by the Massachusetts Legis
lature a tract of land embracing what is now the site of
Lowell. It is an
interesting fact in
regard to Richard
Hildreth, that, upon
his petition, the
Legislature of Mas
sachusetts made him
a special grant of
one hundred and fifty
acres of land because
he " had a wife and
many small children,
and, being a hus
bandman, he was
greatly disadvan
taged, partly by the
hand of God depriv
ing him of the use
of his right hand,
whereby he was
wholly disabled to
labor." The grant
of land, in the pres
ent town of West-
ford, has been in the
hands of the Hildreth
family for seven
generations. Elijah
Hildreth removed to
New Ipswich, N. H.,
after his son's birth,
and here Charles was brought up, receiving his educa
tion at the New Ipswich Academy. At the age of
twenty- two years he removed to Lowell, and as an
apprentice began laboring in the " big shop " over
which he is now the head. He was a hard worker, and
having the advantage of a good education soon made
progress, in three years being advanced to a contractor-
ship in the shop, a position he held for about ten years.
During the great depression in the iron working trade

CHARLES L. HILDRETH

in 1858, he became foreman in the Industrial Works of
Bement & Dougherty in Philadelphia for two years.
Then, returning to Lowell, he worked in the Lowell
Machine Shop until 1865, when, promoted to a fore
man's place, he entered upon the fulfilment of important
duties for a fourteen years' term. In 1879 Mr. Hildreth
was elected to the position he now holds. Mr. Hildreth
is a quiet, reserved man, but he has a cordial address
and broad sympathies, and is possessed of sound judg
ment and firm pur
pose, and as the head
of Lowell's most
important corpora
tion he has the
respect of his thou
sands of employees,
and the confidence
of the entire com
munity. Mr. Hil
dreth dislikes osten
tation, and has left
public and political
life almost entirely
alone, although from
1868 to 1871 he
served on the alder-
manic board, and
contributed much to
the city's welfare.
He takes a great
interest in the be
nevolent institutions
of the city, but his
principal attention
has been given to
the Middlesex Me
chanics' Association,
an institution which,
as its name implies,
was organized by
mechanics early in the city's history, to afford educa
tional facilities to the thousands of mill operatives. In
furthering the ends of the association, through its library
and lyceum, Mr. Hildreth has given time and thought,
and to the accomplishment of its objects no one is en
titled to more credit than he. As the manager of a
great machine works Mr. Hildreth is conversant with
the minutest details, and to his knowledge perhaps is
due the great variety of machinery manufactured.

LOWELL.

373

JAMES BICHENO FRANCIS was one of the greatest
of American civil engineers, and one who did
more in making Lowell's history than any other man. To
his great genius and wonderful achievement is due the
high position the City of Spindles now holds in the
manufacturing and commercial circles of the country
and of the whole world. Mr. Francis' death, which
occurred in September, 1892, was a loss to the whole
world, and it was particularly felt in Lowell, where every
page of its history
for a half century is
linked with his name.
Mr. Francis was born
in Southleigh, Ox
fordshire, England,
May 18, 1815, his
father at the time be
ing superintendent of
the Dufferyn, Llynwi
& Porth Cawl Rail
way in South Wales.
He early received a
training for what was
to be his life's work,
as at fourteen years
of age he became an
engineer upon the
harbor works of Porth
Cawl, and subse
quently on the Great
Western Canal. He
came to America at
the age of eighteen
years, and went to
work on railways.
He attracted the at
tention of George
W. Whistler, the dis
tinguished engineer,
in the surveys for the
New York, Providence & Boston Railroad. A year
later Mr. Whistler came to Lowell to build locomotives
and to superintend extensive hydraulic works for the
Locks and Canal Company, a corporation controlling
the water power of the Merrimack River. Mr. Francis
also came to Lowell, and in 1837 was appointed chief
engineer. In 1845 he was chosen agent, in addition to
his other office, and for fifty years he filled both posi
tions. The corporation refused to accept his resigna-

JAMES B FRANCIS

tion, but made him consulting engineer and appointed
his son, Colonel James Francis, agent and engineer.
During the half century of service, Mr. Francis had
entire control of the immense water power at Lowell,
and he undertook the great hydraulic improvements
which have made the city a great manufacturing centre.
Many of these operations were original and on a grand
scale, and as a result came the volume " Lowell Hydrau
lic Experiments" in 1858, and republished in 1868 and
1883, and recognized
as an authority by
the engine ers o f
two continents. Mr.
Francis was regarded
as the founder of a
new school of hy
draulic engineering,
and wherever great
interests were at stake
in connection with
hydraulics, his ser
vices were de
manded. Two great
monuments to his
foresight and skill
are the Northern
Canal, constructed in
1846, a work of such
massive strength and
such perfection of ex
ecution that it will be
admired for ages, and
the "Guard Locks "
of the Pawtucket
canal, constructed
in 1850 to save
the city from inunda
tion, and which, in
1 85 2, did save the city
from destruction by a
freshet. Mr. Francis was a member of the principal
European and American societies devoted to the devel
opment of the mechanic arts and sciences. He was
elected a member of the American Society of Civil
Engineers in 1852, and served as president from 1880
to 1882. He was chairman of the commission to ex
amine and report upon the condition of the dam and
to explain the cause of the terrible Johnstown disaster.
He left a widow and two sons.

374

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

COLONEL ALBERT A. HAGGETT, ex-postmaster
of Lowell, is perhaps without a single exception
more familiarly known in social and political circles than
any other citizen. He surely is the most prominent
Democrat of the city, a Democrat by conviction and ac
tion. He was born in Lowell in 1839, and was edu
cated in the public schools, graduating from the Moody
Grammar and the high schools, and at the age of fifteen
years entering the counting-room of the Middlesex Manu
facturing Company as
a "runner." Already
Colonel Haggett has
covered a period of
service of nearly forty
years with this com
pany, for he is now
the paymaster, a posi
tion reached by close
attention to his du
ties and promotion
step by step. He has
been in political life
to a certain extent
since 1868, but his
Democratic tenden
cies date back to the
years when his minor
ity prevented his ex
ercising the right of
suffrage. Indeed, he
was a Democrat i n
his early days when
it required a great
deal of back bone to
hold out against the
Republican majority.
He began to attract
attention as a politi
cian and a sturdy
Democrat by acting
as an inspector of elections in Ward Six, and afterwards
as clerk and warden in Ward Three. Then in 1868,
1869 and 1870 he was sent to the Common Council by
Ward Six, and the last two years he served in the
capacity of president, an honor which attested his
popularity because it was a time of Republican admin
istrations. In 187 1 he served on the Board of Alder
men, and in 1872 was elected a director of the City
Library, this institution not being free at that time. In

ALBERT A. HAGGETT.

1873 ne was again sent t0 the Council, serving as presi
dent, in 1874 again being returned to the City Library
directory, and in 1875 returning as president of the
Council, and in 1876 again wearing aldermanic honors.
In 1869 he was on the special committee chosen to
build the city water works, and in 1875 he was placed
on the Water Board, the interim being the years in
which he served in other branches of the city govern
ment. In 1878 he was elected to the Water Board, and
chosen president, an
office which he held
until 1885. His rank
of " colonel " comes
from his commission
on Governor Gas
ton's staff in 1875.
In 1883 Colonel
Haggett was ap
pointed by Governor
Butler as a member
of the State Board of
Health, Lunacy and
Charity. In October,
1885, he was ap
pointed by President
Cleveland postmas
ter of Lowell, and
served until Feb. 28,
1890. In April, 1 89 1,
Mayor Fifield nom
inated him as City
Hall commissioner,
to fill a vacancy
in the commission
caused by the resig
nation of Mr. James
B. Francis, a position
which he still fills
in an acceptable
manner. For years
he was chairman of the Democratic City Committee, a
member of the State Central Committee, and in 1876
and 1880 a delegate to the National Democratic Con
vention. In minor honors he has been particularly
favored, and in 1892 once more served as chairman on
the Board of Aldermen, elected from the city at large.
In social circles he is welcomed, as he is a ready talker
and especially clever at repartee. He is connected with
the Alasonic and Elk orders.

LOWELL.

375

COLONEL JAMES WILLIAM BENNETT, super
visor of construction on the Lowell Federal
Building now in process of erection, is probably one of
the best known of Lowell's citizens. He was born in
Newmarket, N. H., March 21, 1833, and came to Lowell
at the age of fifteen, binding himself to his uncle, Abram
Matthews, to learn the carpenter's trade. During his
life in the country Mr. Bennett had little opportunity to
secure an education, as he only attended school sessions
in the winter months.
He went to the old
Franklin School for
three months, soon
after engaging with
his uncle. After a
five years' appren
ticeship he worked
as a journeyman for
two years, and then
his uncle admitted
him to partnership.
The first wages
earned by the colonel
were six dollars a
month and board
during his appren
ticeship. Colonel
Bennett began busi
ness for himself on
Aug. 17, 1858, when,
with a few effects
loaded upon a hand
cart, he took a shop
on Middlesex Street,
near his present es
tablishment, the part-
nership with his
uncle having come
to an end by reason
of the latter receiv
ing a position with the Lowell Bleachery Company.
It was not long before Colonel Bennett's ability as a
master mechanic, and the excellence and workmanlike
nature of his building brought him to the attention of
the rapidly growing city, and once his reputation was
established, his success in life was assured. From that
time to the present that reputation has been strength
ened and broadened, and the builder has become known
throughout New England. Soon after, he added gravel

JAMES W. BENNETT.

roofing, and in 1881 he took into partnership his
brother, George A. Bennett, and his son, Fred W. Ben
nett, under the firm name of J. W. Bennett & Co. Mr.
Bennett's individuality, as well as his public spirit, early
brought him into social and political favor with his
fellow-townsmen, and while he never sought public
office, he has been several times honored with it. Po
litically he was a Whig until that party fell, and then he
became a Republican, a sturdy, faithful, hard-working
member of the party.
He represented his
ward in the Common
Council in 1876 and
1877, and was in the
lower branch of the
General Court in
1879 and 1880. In
1878 he was elected
a water commis
sioner for a two
years' term, and in
1880 was re-elected
for an additional
term. His title of
"colonel" comes
from his commission
held for three years
on Governor Ames's
staff, as an assistant
adjutant-ge n eral,
with the rank of
"colonel." He has
been a president of
the Erie Telephone
Company, and is in
the directory of two
Lowell banks. So
thoroughly identified
with Lowell's inter
ests is Colonel Ben
nett that his opinion always carries with it weight. He
was one of the chief promoters, and is one of the sub
stantial men of the Highland Club, which has a magnifi
cent club-house in the ward with which Colonel
Bennett has so long been identified. Secretary of the
Treasury Windom appointed him supervisor of the new
Federal Building, now in process of construction. In
the social, political and business circles of Lowell
Colonel Bennett is highly esteemed and very popular.

376

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

JEREMIAH CROWLEY, lawyer, was born in Lowell,
Jan. 12, 1832. He was educated in the public
schools, and at an early age went to work in the
cotton factories, and later learned the machinist's
trade with Aldrich, Calvert & Tyng. In 1857 he went
to Nashua, and stayed there until December, i860.
While in that city Mr. Crowley pursued an educational
course in an academy founded for the purpose of assist
ing young mechanics 111 securing an education. The
sessions were held
nightly, and it re
quired pluck and
energy to spend an
evening, after a hard
day's work, in a
school -room. in
1 8 6 1 Mr. Crowley
went to the war as a
member of the Me
chanic Phalanx,
Company C, Sixth
Regiment (a com
pany still in exist
ence), and was in
the march through
Baltimore, Company
C being one of the
four companies pass
ing through the city.
Mr. Crowley served
until the regiment
returned home, and
was with General
Butler at the Relay
House and at the
taking of Baltimore.
After coming home
he was offered a
commission in the
Thirtieth Massachu
setts Regiment, but was rejected for physical disability.
He was also offered a commission in the Tenth New
Hampshire Regiment, but was rejected for the same
cause. He then went to work at the Watertown Arsenal
until early in 1864, when he came to Lowell and entered
the law office of the late John F. McEvoy. In 1868
Mr. Crowley was admitted to practise law at the bar,
and that year he entered into partnership with Mr.
McEvoy. The partnership lasted one year, Mr. Crowley

JEREMIAH CROWLEY

continuing to practise alone. In his practice he has
become one of the best known and most successful of
Lowell's lawyers. In politics Mr. Crowley is a Demo
crat. His first political office was that of councilman,
in 1868 and 1869, from Ward Five, the ward in which
he was born and in which he has always lived. In 1870
and 1871, 1873 and 1874, 1877 and 1878, 1884 and
1 89 1 he was in the Board of Aldermen, serving eight
times in the upper board. During his periods of service
he was on every
committee of the
City Council, and
thus he had a hand
in some of the most
important municipal
improvements, of
'¦y, which the introduc
tion of city water is
one. In 1882 Mr.
Crowley was elected
to the State Senate,
defeating Hon. F. T.
Greenhalge by five
hundred votes, and
the following year
he was counted in
for re-election and
then counted out.
He was twice nomi
nated for mayor and
defeated. In 1888
he ran for the Senate
against Hon. F. W.
Howe, and although
defeated, he pulled
down a Republican
majority of twelve
hundred of the year
before to eighty.
Mr. Crowley has
always been an active worker in the crusade against
intemperance, and is known as a temperance speaker
of much force. In 1848 he was instrumental in pro
moting temperance societies, and was a member of the
Mathew Institute. Air. Crowley has been a national
delegate of the Ancient Order of Hibernians, president
of the Lowell Benevolent Society, and president of the
Sixth Regiment Association. Mr. Crowley belongs to
B. F. Butler Post 42, G. A. R.

CHELSEA, the " Queen City of the Commonwealth," has to-day a population of thirty thousand, ranks the
thirteenth largest in the State, and is a prosperous and growing community. According to the national
census of 1890 the population was 27,850. The Indian name of the place was Winnisimmet, and it was settled in
1630 by some of the good people who came to Massachusetts Bay with Governor John Winthrop. All the adjacent
land was bought for a horn of powder, and to this day the highest elevation in the city limits is known as Powder
Horn Hill. In 1632 it was ordered " that the neck of land betwixt Powder Home Hill and Pullen Poynte shall
belong to Boston," and two years later the General Court ordered "that Wynesemit shall belong to Boston." For
more than a century Boston continued to exercise control over the settlements across the Mystic River, but in
1739, in consideration of having established and maintained a meeting-house, Winnisimmet, Rumney Marsh and
Pullen Point, which included what is now Chelsea, Revere, Winthrop and part of Saugus, was set apart as the town
of Chelsea, the name being given in honor of Chelsea in England. In 1846 Chelsea were divided, less than a
third of the area being retained as Chelsea, while what is now Revere and Winthrop was set apart as North Chelsea.
The division seemed to act as an invigorator, for Chelsea increased rapidly from a population of forty-three hun
dred in 1846 to twelve thousand, four hundred in 1857, and in the latter year it was incorporated.
The City Council consists of a mayor, a Board of Aldermen of eight members, and a Common Council of
twenty members, all of whom, excepting the mayor, serve without pay. Elections are held annually, the mayor
and aldermen being elected at large, and the councilmen by wards. With the exception of the School Committee
all other city offices are filled either by appointment by the mayor, with the approval of the aldermen, or elected
by concurrent vote of both branches of the City Council. The total debt of the city is $800,000, and the valua
tion of real and personal property, $22,000,000. The city is principally residential, but has many important manu
facturing industries, and in everything is closely allied with Boston, from which it is separated by the Mystic River
and Chelsea Creek, and joined by three substantial bridges. By an arrangement made some years ago between
Boston and Chelsea, each city cares exclusively for the affairs usually managed by county commissioners. Chelsea
pays no county tax, all the expenses being borne by the city of Boston.
Numerous lines of street cars, a line of steam cars and a ferry connect Chelsea with surrounding cities and
towns. The ferry is the oldest established in the country, dating from 1631, and has been operated continuously
ever since. In Chelsea are located the United States Naval and Marine hospitals, and the Soldiers' Home of
Massachusetts. The city has a General Hospital, the gift of Hon. Rufus S. Frost, which is maintained by popular
subscription ; a public library of sixteen thousand volumes and pamphlets, the handsome and commodious build
ing being a gift to the city from Hon. Eustace C. Fitz. In the city are three Congregational, two Baptist and two
Methodist Episcopal churches, and one each of the Universalist, Unitarian, Catholic, Free Baptist African Metho
dist Episcopal, Adventist and Episcopal denominations. The city has schools ranking second to none in the
State, efficient fire and police departments, beautiful streets, complete water and sewerage systems, two parks, and
an elaborate park system now under consideration. The financial institutions include two national banks, two
savings banks and a co-operative bank. Of newspapers there are one daily and five weeklies. There are innu
merable social clubs and fraternal societies.
Manufactures are many and diversified. Rubber goods are the most important, the annual product being
valued at three million dollars. Here are located the only wall-paper factory in New England ; the laboratory of the
New England Vaccine Factory, the largest of its kind in the world, annually producing sufficient virus to vaccinate
two million people ; and here, also, is the largest lampblack factory in this part of the country. Some of the
manufactured products are furnaces and stoves, hardware, art tiles, soda fountains, crockery, building and fire
proof brick, furniture, street cars, cordage, boots and shoes, whiting, oils and varnishes, fire hose, bluing, salt, ships,
type, mattresses, clothing and machinery. Other important industries are iron and brass foundries, bleacheries,
dye works, lithographic printing works and tanneries.

378

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

ALFRED COLLINS CONVERSE is the present
mayor of Chelsea, and a member of the firm of
Phelps, Dalton & Co., proprietors of the Dickinson
Type Foundry. His connection with this foundry com
menced about thirty-eight years ago, upon his removal
from New York, where he had learned matrix making in
the type foundry of Hagar & Company. The connec
tion then formed has continued uninterruptedly as em
ployee and employer. Twenty-eight years ago he
bought an. interest in
the company, taking
charge of the manu
facturing depart-
ment. He has seen
the business in its
small beginnings
grow to such propor
tions as to make a
market for its manu
factures in every part
of the world. Its
type is used wherever
the Roman letter is
read. The type used
in this book is of
their manufacture.
Nine years ago, in
connection with his
nephew, Morton E.
Converse, he estab
lished at Winchen-
don, Mass., what is
now the largest toy
manufactory in the
country. When Mr.
Converse was still an
employee of the
Dickinson Type
Foundry he became
interested in the
manufacture of fire-alarm apparatus, which he continued
two years, selling out that business to purchase an inter
est in the type foundry. Mayor Converse is descended
from an ancestry that came to this country from Eng
land in 1630 with Governor John Winthrop. The first
ferryman to receive a grant from the General Court was
Edward Converse, for a ferry between Boston and
Charlestown, in 1631. Ten years later he was chairman
of a commission of seven men appointed by the church

ALFRED C. CONVERSE.

for effecting the settlement of the now prosperous city
of Woburn. Several generations ago his ancestors
moved to New Hampshire, and it was at Rindge, in
that State, that Mr. Converse was born, March 17, 1827.
His father was a large farmer, and a man much inter
ested in town affairs, being a selectman for seventeen
years, a longer period than any other citizen of the town
has served. Mayor Converse attended the district
schools of his town, and the New Ipswich Academy.
Until he was twenty-
three years of age he
worked on the farm
and in his father's
mills in summer, and
taught school in the
winter. He went to
New York in 1850
and learned type
founding. Mr. Con-
verse moved to
Chelsea in 1856.
He served in the
Common Council in
1877, being elected
as a Republican, to
which party he has
always adhered. In
1889 he was elected
to the Board of Al-
dermen, and the
year following was
re-elected, both
years receiving the
popular vote of the
city. In 1890 he
was nominated for
mayor, but failed of
an election by 159
votes out of a total
vote of 2,300. In
1891 he was again nominated, carrying the day by 762
majority, out of a total vote of 3,90c In 1892 he was
unanimously renominated for the office. ATr. Converse
was married, in 1855, to Miss Julia A. Woods, who died
twelve years later. In 1869 he married Miss Hulda H.
Mitchell, of East Boston. They have two children liv
ing, — Julia Luella, wife of De Witt Ramsay, of Madi
son, Wis., and Alfred Otis Converse. Mayor Converse's
administration has been very successful.

CHELSEA.

379

RUFUS S. FROST is one of the best-known men
in Massachusetts, through his long connection
with religious, educational and charitable organizations,
as well as through his public and business career. Mr.
Frost was born in Marlborough, N. H., July 18, 1826.
His father's ancestors came to this country in 1635 from
England, and his mother's ancestors were settled in
Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1640. At the age of
seven years, Mr. Frost was bereft of his father, and
then the mother and
two youngest chil
dren left the farm in
Marlborough and
moved to Boston.
Here Mr.- Frost at
tended the public
schools, later taking
a supplementary
course at Newton
Academy. He
secured a position in
a wholesale dry goods
house in Boston, and
for the energy and
ability manifested
was admitted to part
nership at the age of
twenty-one, the firm
adopting the name
of Osgood & Frost.
In 1866 the present
firm of Rufus S.
Frost & Co. was
formed for the trans
action of a general
commission business
in American goods.
Mr. Frost is also
president of the
Haile & Frost Man
ufacturing Company, manufacturers of woollens, of which
Lieutenant-Governor Haile is treasurer. Mr. Frost is
president of the North National Bank of Boston ; and
has been one of its directors for twenty-eight years. He
was the second president of the National Association of
Woollen Manufacturers, and is now chairman of its
executive committee. For two years he was president
of the Boston Board of Trade. When still a young man
he moved to Chelsea, where he continues to reside. He

RUFUS S. FROST.

has received all the political honors within the city's
gift. He has been councilman, alderman and mayor, a
State senator, and a member of the governor's council.
In 1874 he was elected to Congress and served on the
committees on Railroads and Freedmen's Affairs. In
1892 he was a delegate to the National Republican
Convention at Minneapolis, which renominated Presi
dent Harrison. In 1890 Mr. Frost founded a hospital
in Chelsea and presented it to the city, one of the
conditions of the
deed being that " no
person shall ever be
denied treatment on
account of poverty,
race or religion."
Another condition
was that patients
should be permitted
to be treated under
any school of medi
cine they preferred.
The hospital has been
named by the trus
tees the Rufus S.
Frost General Hos-
' fi pital. His native
I ' town of Marlborough,
A ¦'¦"'-: N. H., was presented
in 1867 by him with
a free public library
building and two
thousand volumes,
and a trust fund of
£5,000 for the pur
chase of books. Mr.
Frost was for eight
years president of
the New England
Conservatory of Mu
sic. He is now pres
ident of the American Congregational Association, and
has been president of the Congregational Club of Boston,
and of the Massachusetts Homoeopathic Hospital. Mr.
Frost has been twice married. By his first wife he had
six children, five of whom are now living. His second
marriage occurred in 1879, when he was united to
Catherine Emily Wickham, of Corning, N. Y. She is
one of the National Board of lady managers of the
World's Fair.

38o

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

JUDGE MELLEN CHAMBERLAIN, former libra
rian of the Boston Public Library, was born at
Pembroke, N. H., June 4, 1821, and graduated at Dart
mouth College in 1844. After teaching several years in
Brattleboro, Vt., he entered the Dane Law School at
Cambridge, where he received the degree of LL. B.,
and in 1849 he began the study of law in Boston. The
same year he took up his residence in Chelsea, where he
still makes his home. He has served the city in several
capacities. In 1858
and 1859 he was
representative in the
General Court and
member of the
Special Committee
on the Revision of
the Statutes. In
1863 and 1864 he
was in the State Sen
ate, and in the latter
year was chairman of
the Judiciary Com
mittee. From 1866
to 1878 he was a
judge, and during
part of that period,
chief justice of the
Municipal Court of
the city of Boston,
to which he brought
erudition and judi
cial capacity. In
August, 1878, he was
elected librarian-in-
chief of the Boston
Public Library. His
familiarity with books
and literature and
executive ability en
abled him to dis
charge with credit the responsible duties of that office,
until, by reason of ill-health, he retired, Oct. 1, 1890.
The professional and public duties of Judge Chamber
lain left him little time for other work ; but after com
ing to the Public Library, frequent demands were made
upon him for various papers which have been published,
and have evinced research, learning, originality and
critical acuteness, while proving that in the field of
New England history he has few living superiors.

MELLEN CHAMBERLAIN.

Among his printed papers are : "History of Winnisim
met, Rumney Marsh and Pullen Point" (1880);
"Daniel Webster as an Orator" (1882); "John
Adams, the Statesman of the Revolution" (1884) ;
" Samuel Maverick's Palisade House of 1630" (1885);
"The Authentication of the Declaration of Inde
pendence" (1881); "Address at the Dedication of
Wilson Hall" (Dartmouth College Library, 1885);
"Notes to Sewall's Letter-book" (1886); "The His
tory of the United
States : A Review of
McMasters' History"
(1 886) ; "Land
scape in Life and
Poetry" (1886) ;
"Remarks at the
Dedication of the
Statue of Daniel
Webster, at Concord,
N. H." (1886) ;
"Address at the
Dedication of the
Broo ks L ibr ary
Building, at Brattle
boro, Vt." (1887) ;
"Constitutional Re
lations of the Ameri
can Colonies to the
English Government
at the Commence
ment of the Revolu
tion" (1887) ; "The
Revolution Impend
ing : with a Critical
Essay" (1888) ;
" Josiah Quincy, the
Great Mayor"
(1889); "Remarks
on the New Histori
cal School " (1890) ;
"Governor Winthrop's Estate, 1638- 1639" (1891)
and " The Genesis of the Alassachusetts Town and
Town Government" (1892). Judge Chamberlain is a
corresponding member of the Royal Society of North
ern Antiquaries at Copenhagen, Denmark, and of the
New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania and Massa
chusetts historical societies. In 1885 he received the
degree of LL. D. from Dartmouth. He is a Fellow of
the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

CHELSEA.

38l

THOMAS MARTIN is closely identified with the
progress and development of the elastic fabric
industry in the United States, and is to-day -the head of
one of the largest manufacturing houses in this country.
In England he served an apprenticeship of over five
years, being among the pioneers in the elastic fabric
business at a time when vulcanized rubber was not gen
erally used. When twenty-three years of age he was
engaged by an American syndicate to manage an elastic
web mill at East-
hampton, Mass.,
which was then the
only one in the coun
try. Three years
later he came to
Chelsea as the man
ager of a larger mill,
remaining in that po
sition nine years, and
relinquishing it to
engage in business
for himself. The new
firm took the name
of T. Martin &
Brother, and em
ployed twelve hands.
The business rapidly
increased. To-day
the firm, which is
now incorporated,
occupies five mills in
Chelsea, one in Mans-
field, Ohio, and
another in Canada.
In Chelsea over three
hundred and fifty
hands are employed,
and the pay-roll of
the operatives ex
ceeds one hundred
and fifty thousand dollars per annum. Mr. Martin is
also president of the Chelsea Wire Fabric Company,
which manufactures general mechanical goods; he is
president of the First National Bank of Chelsea ; is the
president, and was one of the founders, of the Provident
Co-operative Bank, which has now invested over two
hundred thousand dollars ; is a trustee of the Chelsea
Savings Bank, vice-president of the Frost Hospital and
a trustee of Bates College, Lewiston, Me. Mr. Martin

THOMAS MARTIN

was councilman in 1879-80, alderman in 1881-82, and
representative to the lower branch of the Massachusetts
Legislature in 1883, declining a renomination on account
of failing health and his wife's death, and going abroad,
travelling through England and the continent. Mr.
Martin was born in Leicestershire, England, in 1839,
being the eldest of twelve children. He had the advan
tage only of the common school, and before he was
twelve years old went to work ; but his desire for edu
cation and advance
ment was so strong
that while tending
his loom he also
studied his arithme
tic. He married in
i860, and of the
union three children
were born, two of
whom are now living.
In the summer of
1885 Mr. Martin
erected in Chelsea
the Horace Memo
rial Hall, in memory
of his eldest son,
Horace Binney, who
had died the previ
ous spring in his
twenty-first year.
Later the building
was deeded to the
trustees of the
Horace Memorial
Free Baptist Church
Society as a place of
worship. The church
was organized
through the help of
Mr. Martin, and now
numbers over ninety
church members and one hundred and seventy-five in
the Sunday school. Two years ago, when the church
attendance had outgrown the size of the building and
it became necessary to enlarge it, Mr. Martin generously
duplicated the amount raised by the church society for
the purpose. In 1884 Mr. Martin married Miss Frances
Jarrett, of Lincoln, England, a very accomplished lady,
and one who carried off first honors on her graduation
from Queen's College.

382

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

THOAIAS STRAHAN is the proprietor of the only
wall-paper factory in the New England States,
and the works enjoy the enviable distinction of produ
cing some of the finest and most artistic wall-paper
decorations in the United States. The products of his
skill find a ready market in every important city of the
Union. Mr. Strahan was born near Stirling, Scotland,
on May io, 1847, being the son of Thomas and Jean
(Gordon) Strahan. His early education was obtained
in the public schools
of Arlington, Mass.,
and afterward he at
tended the Cotting
Academy in Arling
ton, and Phillips
Exeter Academy,
graduating from both
institutions with hon
ors. He took a
collegiate course, in
tending to study for
the ministry, but by
mere accident these
intentions were aban
doned, and at the
age of nineteen he
commenced an ac
tive business life, —
first in a small way
as a dealer in wall
paper on Cornhill in
Boston. His busi
ness, however, rap
idly increased, and
he removed to Hor
ticultural Hall build
ing, and subse
quently to a still
larger and more com
modious store at the
corner of Washington and Franklin streets. Although
meeting with great success in his business career, he
was not satisfied merely to buy and sell goods, but com
menced manufacturing wall paper, and now has an ex
tensive factory in Chelsea. His Boston office is in
Ticknor House, No. 9 Park Street. He has been granted
valuable patents, both in the United States and Great
Britain, on new and novel processes for the blending of
colors in the manufacturing of his goods, and also for

THOMAS STRAHAN.

converting cotton materials and jute fabrics, making
them appear like silk damask, and having all the value
for wall hangings of the genuine silk fabrics. While
still carrying on a large and successful business Mr.
Strahan has found time to engage in social and political
affairs. He is a prominent Mason and Odd Fellow, and
is a member of a large number of social and fraternal
societies, and he has been at the head of the various
organizations with which he has been connected. In
politics he is a
stanch Republican,
and has been many
times honored by his
party. In 1879 Air.
Strahan was elected
to the Common
Council of Chelsea,
and was re-elected
successively three
years, the last two
years of which he
was president of that
body. In 1883 he
was elected mayor,
and the year follovv-
i n g was re-elected.
He has also ably rep
resented his district
in the State Legisla-
ture. Air. Strahan
has been chairman of
the School Commit
tee, a trustee of the
public library, and is
now and has been
for many years a trus
tee of the Chelsea
Savings Bank. On
Nov. 28, 1867, Air.
Strahan was married
in Chelsea to Esther, daughter of John T. and Esther
Lawrence, and of this union were six children, two of
whom are living, Florence Esther and Alice Pauline.
Mr. Strahan has long been noted as a genial host, and
his beautiful and artistic residence on the summit of
Mount Bellingham, overlooking miles of city and coun
try, ocean and river, has been the scene of many distin
guished social gatherings. In the social life of Chelsea
Air. Strahan is one of the prominent figures.

CHELSEA.

38;

CHARLES A. CAMPBELL is the senior member of
the firm of C. A. Campbell & Co., one of the
largest coal concerns in the State. The wharves of the
company in Chelsea are considered as being the best
equipped of any in New England, and more coal is
handled annually by them than at the wharf of any other
dealer in the Commonwealth. - Mr. Campbell is largely
interested in shipping, and is treasurer and general
manager of the Boston Lighter Company. He is also
first vice-president
of the County Savings
Bank, and a director
in the Winnisimmet
Company and the
First National Bank.
Mr. Campbell was
born in Boston, Nov.
6, 1837, and when
two years of age his
parents removed to
Chelsea. He at
tended the Chelsea
public schools, grad
uated from the high
school and then went
West, where he re
mained four years,
engaging in the
lumber business i n
Chicago. Returning
to Chelsea, he began
in the coal business
with his father at the
same wharf now
occupied by him, on
July 1, 1859. Air.
Campbell was mar
ried on Jan. 1, 1861,
to Aliss Lavinia
Hutchinson, and to
them two children have been born, — Alice, now the
wife of Judge Albert Bosson, and Jeremiah, who is now
in business with his father. Early in 1862, a public
meeting was held in City Hall for the purpose of con
sidering war measures, and before the meeting was over
Air. Campbell became one of a number that volunteered
to raise a company in Chelsea to send to the front.
The ranks were filled with young men from the best
families of the city. Mr. Campbell enlisted for three'years

1

CHARLES A. CAMPBELL.

as a private, and in July, 1862, the newly-organized body
became Company G, Fortieth Regiment. He served in
the Army of the Potomac, in the Department of the South,
and took part in many skirmishes and engagements,
including the capture of Charleston Harbor and the
fall of Fort Wagner. He rose to sergeant, regimental
quartermaster sergeant, and was commissioned lieuten
ant. In the spring of 1864 he was taken seriously ill and
was obliged to return North. On the recovery of his health
he was commissioned
by Govenor John A.
Andrew captain for
the recruiting service.
He is now a member
of the Military Order
of the Loyal Legion,
and of Theodore
Winthrop Post 35,
Grand Army of the
Republic, of Chelsea.
Ever since the organ
ization of the Repub-
lican party, Mr.
Campbell has been
one of its ardent
supporters, and to
the several offices he
has held he has been
elected as a Republi
can. He was coun
cilman from 1868 to
1872, alderman in
1873 and 1875, and
in 1883 was elected
to the State Senate
from a district that
had previously been
Democratic. Mr.
Campbell is now one
of the trustees o f
the Fitz Public Library. In all that pertains to the
welfaie of Chelsea, he is much interested and very active.
Mr. Campbell has been president of the Review Club,
and has always taken a prominent part in the affairs of
this social institution. He is a member of Robert Lash
Lodge of Masons, and of Winnisimmet Lodge of Odd
Fellows. His successful business career, his public ser
vices and his honorable war record render Mr. Camp
bell one of the conspicuous figures in^the city.

384

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

DR. WILLIAM CLARK CUTLER, the leading
practitioner of medicine and surgery in Chelsea,
has been for twenty-six years a familiar figure on the
streets of the city and in the homes of the people. The
ancestors of Dr. Cutler came from England in 1637 and
settled near Boston. Manasseh Cutler, LL. D., M. D.,
was one of the organizers of the old Ohio Company in
1786. Rev. A. P. Peabody, D. D., of Cambridge, Mass.,
has written of him : " For diversity of good gifts, for
their efficient use,
and for the variety
of modes of valuable
service to his coun
try and to mankind,
I doubt whether
Manasseh Cutler has
his equal in Ameri
can history." The
grandfather of Dr.
Cutler, Hon. Elihu
Cutler, of Holliston,
Alass., was a member
of the Constitutional
Convention of 1820,
a representative in
1827, and State sen
ator in 1831 to 1835.
His father, Simeon
Newton Cutler, a
large mill-owner in
Holliston and Ash
land, was for many
years in political
office. He was
elected to the State
Legislature and Con
stitutional Conven
tion in 1853. Dr.
Cutler was born in
Holliston, Mass.,
Alay 17, 1837. His preliminary education was received
in the Ashland High School and Mt. HoUis Seminary,
Holliston. He graduated from the old Laight Street
Medical College in New York in 1859, and began prac
tice in Upton, Mass., in i860. In 1866 he removed to
Chelsea. He is a member of the American Institute of
Homoeopathy, the Massachusetts and Boston Homce-
opathic Medical societies, vice-president of the Aledical
Board of the Rufus S. Frost General Hospital ; a director

WILLIAM C. CUTLER.

in the Winnisimmet National Bank, and a trustee of the
County Savings Bank. He was one of the founders of
the Review Club, and its president in 1875. In Free
masonry he has attained the thirty-second degree. In
politics he is an old-line Democrat. He has always
declined to accept political office. In 1871, when the
great small-pox epidemic was spreading over the coun
try, Dr. Cutler began the propagation of bovine vaccine
virus. This new departure was marked with gratifying
success and has given
the doctor a national
reputation, making
his name, in connec
tion with the New
England Vaccine
Company, known to
the medical profes
sion throughout the
world. In 1883 he
visited the extreme
southern coast of
Florida, a section
then comparatively
unknown. So favor
ably was he impressed
with this locality that
he made purchases
of land and founded
the town of Cutler
on the coast of Bis-
cayne Bay. He has
a large plantation of
tropical fruits, also a
steam starch factory.
In 1 889 he was com
missioned by a syn
dicate of Boston
capitalists to investi
gate and report upon
a large iron and coal
property in Kentucky, as a result of which there is
to-day the new and thriving manufacturing city of Grand
Rivers, Ky., with its millions of invested capital and a
population of several thousands. The doctor's chief
recreation is in the saddle. Genial, kind-hearted and
generous, he is beloved by a large circle of patients and
friends. In each of the widely differing fields of medi
cine and of business affairs Dr. Cutler has achieved a
pronounced success.

CHELSEA.

385

GEORGE W. MOSES is president of the First
Ward National Bank in East Boston, and his rise
to this position has been the result of his own faithfulness,
energy, business and financial ability. Colonel Aloses was
born in Boston, Alay 16, 1852, and in that city's schools
he obtained his earlier education. When he was twelve
years of age he moved with his parents to Chelsea, where
he has ever since continued to make his home. He
attended the Chelsea public schools, graduated from the
grammar school
when fifteen years of
age, and immediately
went to work as
messenger boy for
the Western Union
Telegraph Company,
their office at that
time being located
in the old post-office
building. After six
months he was taken
into the post-office
as clerk, and from
that position he rose
to the head clerk
ship. He held that
position for four
years. In 1872 he
became a book-
keeper in the First
National Bank of
Chelsea, and here
he was promoted
successively to the
positions of head
book - keeper, teller,
and assistant cashier.
In 1 88 1 he was called
to the position of
cashier of the First
Ward National Bank in East Boston, and on the death of
the bank's president, Mr. S. H. Whidden, which occurred
in June, 1892, Air. Aloses was unanimously elected pres
ident. Air. Moses is vice-president and one of the
investing committee of the County Savings Bank of
Chelsea, president both of the Pennock Electric Light
and Railway Company of Alassachusetts, and of the
Chelsea Real Estate Association. The latter is a com
pany of one hundred of the leading business men,

GEORGE W. MOSES

formed for the purpose of buying and developing real
estate in Chelsea. Mr. Moses holds many important
positions in Chelsea business circles. Since 1882 he
has been treasurer and managing director of the Chelsea
Gas Light Company, and since 1883 has been the treas
urer and a director of the Winnisimmet Company, propri
etors of the Chelsea ferry. In 1885 he was elected by
the Chelsea City Council as one of the sinking fund
commissioners, and twice since then he has been re
elected. This is the
only elective public
office he has held.
His inclinations are
not in that direction,
although for ten years
he served on the
Republican City
Committee, and la
bored most diligently
for the success of
that party. In 1889
Mr. Moses received
an appointment on
the staff of Governor
J. Q. A. Brackett as
assistant quartermas
ter-general, with the
rank of colonel, be
ing the first man in
Chelsea to be thus
honored during the
past half century.
The following year,
when the Governor
Brackett Staff Asso
ciation was formed,
Colonel Moses was
elected secretary,
and still continues as
such. For twenty
years Colonel Aloses has been a member of the Review
Club, Chelsea's largest social organization, and has
served five years as one of its directors, and one year as
its president. He is a member of the Alasonic frater
nity and of the Royal Arcanum. In 1876 Colonel
Aloses married Aliss Susie A. Ricker, of Chelsea, and to
them three children have been born. In promoting the
development of Chelsea's resources Colonel Moses has
been for many years a prominent and leading factor.

;86

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

JUDGE ALBERT D. BOSSON enjoys the double
distinction of being the only Democratic mayor
Chelsea has ever had, and of being the only Democratic
judge to preside over the police court. His election to
the mayoralty in the fall of 1890 marked a new era in
the city. He brought to the position great financial
and executive ability, and with his administration is
linked the honor and credit of refunding the city
debt, reducing the total face debt from $1,600,000 to
$800,000. At the
close of his term he
was tendered a re
nomination, but de
clined it on account
of his private busi
ness demanding
more of his time.
In July, 1892, he
was appointed justice
of the police court
of Chelsea by Gov
ernor William E.
Russell, the appoint
ment being a de-
served promotion
from special justice
of the court, to which
position he was ap
pointed by Governor
John D. Long in
December, 1882.
Judge Bosson is
trustee of a num
ber of estates, includ
ing that of the late
Isaac Stebbins, the
largest in the city,
and which, after the
death of the present
beneficiaries, will be
come the property of the city. Judge Bosson is the
president of the County Savings Bank, was one of the
originators of the Provident Co-operative Bank, is
vice-president of the Winnisimmet National Bank, treas
urer of the Gloucester Street Railway Company, and a
director in several other corporations. |udge Bosson
is the son of George C. and Jennie Hood Bosson, and
the grandson of Jonathan D. Bosson, who were for
many years prominent residents of Chelsea, where

ALBERT D. BOSSON

Judge Bosson was born, Nov. 8, 1853. His grandfather
served in the war of 1812, while his four great-grand
fathers were soldiers in the Revolution, of whom two
fought in the battle of Bunker Hill ; his ancestor, Cap
tain Samuel Flint, was killed at Stillwater, and his great
grandfather, Warwick Palfrey, was the first collector of
the port of Salem, under the Continental Congress.
Judge Bosson attended the Chelsea public schools, grad
uated from the high school in 1869, spent two years at
Phillips (Exeter)
Academy and the
Brown University
Grammar School at
Providence, and then
entered Brown Uni
versity, graduating
therefrom in the
class of 1875. He
read law in the office
of Brooks, Ball &
Story in Boston, and
at the Boston Uni
versity Law School,
and on Feb. 18,
1878, was admitted
to the bar. In May,
1887, he married
Miss Alice L., daugh
ter of Hon. C. A.
Campbell, and to
them one child has
been born. Judge
Bosson has travelled
extensively and spent
much time abroad.
He is a member of
the New England
Historic Genealogi
cal Society, and
president of the Re
view Club, the principal social club of the city. Judge
Bosson was originally a Republican , but in 1884 he
became one of the famous Committee of One Hundred
which opposed the candidacy of Air. Blaine in that year,
and his convictions have since led him to advocate the
principles of the Democratic party. As lawyer, mayor,
judge and financier, no man in Chelsea is more highly
esteemed by all classes in the community, and by men
of all parties, than Judge Bosson.

CHELSEA.

387

ELMER L. FRENCH is the junior member of the
firm of French Brothers, grocers and provision
dealers, and is one who has done much toward the
development of high-speed sailing vessels'. He is owner
in some of the fastest pilot boats in Eastern waters. Mr.
French was born, Oct. 11, 1858, in Glover, Vt., on the
farm which was cleared by his great-grandfather in the
middle of the last century, and which has since remained
in the possession of the family. His great-grandfather
fought in the French
and Indian wars, and
participated in many
engagements on Ver
mont soil. His boy
hood was passed on
the farm, and attend
ing the district school
in the winter. When
twenty years of age
he left the farm and
procured a situation
in the provision store
of his uncle, Air. Z.
H. French, on Han
over Street, Boston.
After he had been in
the store four years
his uncle was killed
in a railroad acci
dent. A partnership
was formed between
Air. French and an
older brother, Air.
Byron L. French,
and they succeeded
to the business. To
day they are the pro
prietors of what is
probably the largest
retail provision busi
ness in Boston. Their store is located at Nos. 390,
392 and 394 Hanover Street. The firm supplies many
of the lines of steamers plying between Boston and
London, Liverpool, Antwerp, and the Provinces. Mr.
French is a member of the Chamber of Commerce and
the Fruit and Produce Exchange of Boston. Mr.
French is largely interested in shipping and ship-build
ing, being the owner in fourteen different vessels, includ
ing the pilot boats "Hesperus," "Sylph" and "Friend,"

ELMER L. FRENCH

all of which are among the fastest and best modelled
boats in Massachusetts Bay. The four-masted schooner
"Elvira J. French," fifteen hundred tons' burden, is
named in honor of his mother. Mr. French married
Miss Edna F. Simmons, of Southbridge, Mass., in 1875,
and the same year made his home in Chelsea, where he
continues to reside. In politics he is a Republican.
As such he was elected to the Common Council in
1884 and 1885. He was a member of the Board of
Aldermen in" 1886,
1887 and 1888.
While a member of
the latter body he
was chairman of the
Committee on Pub
lic Property, and
under his direction
the Broadway engine
house and the Bloom
ingdale school-house
were built, while the
Shurtleff, Shawmut
and Cary school-
houses were entirely
renovated and re
built. Mr. French
is a prominent mem
ber of the Review
Club. In Free
masonry he is an
enthusiast. He is a
member of Robert
Lash Lodge, F. and
A. M., of which he
was for two years
worshipful master.
He is also a mem
ber of Naphtali
Council ; Shekinah
Chapter of the
Royal Arch Masons, and Palestine Commandery,
Knights Templar of Chelsea ; Lafayette Lodge of
Perfection ; Mt. Olivet Chapter of Rose Croix ; Giles
F. Yates Council, Princes of Jerusalem ; Alassachusetts
Consistory, and Aleppo Temple of the Mystic Shrine
of Boston. He is a member of Massachusetts Lodge
of Odd Fellows and of the Royal Arcanum. With his
business associates of Boston Air. French is as popular
as he is in the social life of Chelsea,

388

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

COLONEL JOHN HENRY CUNNINGHAM is
president and treasurer of the J. H. Cunningham
Iron Company, one of the leading iron manufacturing
companies in Alassachusetts. The business was founded
in 1852 by Thomas Cunningham, and in 1873 the firm
became Thomas Cunningham & Son by the admission
to partnership of John H. Cunningham, the latter suc
ceeding to the sole control of the business at the death
of his father in 18S2. Last year the firm was incorpo
rated under its pres
ent style. Wrought-
iron pipes and fittings
for steam, gas and
water, together with
several patent valves
and radiators, con
stitute the firm's
specialties. In Bos
ton business circles
Colonel Cunningham
has often been called
to positions of honor
and responsibility,
filling them with
credit and ability.
He is an active mem
ber of the Al a s t e r
Builders' Association,
the Alaster Plumbers'
Association and the
Afassachusetts Street
Railway Association.
Colonel Cunningham
has done and is still
doing much to de
velop the South. He
is vice-president of
the Lone Star Iron
Company, the largest
iron manufacturing
concern in Texas, and is interested in several street rail
ways in Texan cities. His investments in Alassachusetts
are also extensive. He is president of the Plymouth &
Kingston Street Railway, vice-president of the Gloucester
Street Railway, vice-president of the Boston Construc
tion Company, and is a large stockholder and director in
the Worcester, Leicester & Spencer Street Railways, the
New Haven & West Haven Street Railway, the Ha
verhill & Amesbury Street Railway and the Black Rock

mt^h.

JOHN H. CUNNINGHAM.

& Salisbury Street Railway companies. Colonel Cun
ningham was born in Boston, March 9, 185 1, and attended
the public schools. Twenty years ago he moved to Chel
sea, and has since been prominently identified with the
city's public, business and social life. He has served in
the city government. He founded the Winnisimmet Na
tional Bank, and is its president. He was one of the
incorporators of the County Savings Bank, and is now a
member of its Committee on Investments. He is the
largest stockholder
in and a director of
the Winnisim
met Ferry Company,
and a director of the
Lynn & Boston Rail
road. His appoint
ment two years ago,
and reappointment
one year later, on the
staff of Governor Rus
seU, as assistant ad
jutant-general, vvith
the rank of colonel,
testify to his high
and popular standing
in social circles.
Colonel Cunningham
i s a thirty-second
degree Alason, and
is a member of the
highest Chelsea Ma
sonic lodges. He
has been a member
of the Alost Wor
shipful Grand Lodge
o f Alassachusetts,
and for two years was
deputy senior grand
warden of the third
Alasonic district. He
is president of the Chelsea Democratic Club, a member
of the Young Men's Democratic Club of Alassachusetts,
of the Boston Athletic Association and the Review Club
of Chelsea. His military career extends over eleven
years, nine being passed in the Fifth Regiment, and two
upon the governor's staff. In April, 1873, Colonel Cun
ningham was married to Miss Francis E. Prouty, of Co-
hasset, and to them three children have been born, two
of whom, John H., Jr., and Sara AL, are living.

CHELSEA.

EVER since attaining his majority, Hon. Arthur B.
Champlin has been in public office, rising from
councilman, in his native city of Chelsea, to State sen
ator, and becoming one of the best-known young Re
publicans in Alassachusetts. Mr. Champlin is publisher
of the Chelsea Gazette, but is best known through the
acts of his public life. His political career opened in
1878, when he was elected to the Common Council, and
immediately took an active part in municipal matters.
For six consecutive
years he was returned
to the Council, and
during his last two
years in that body
was its president, be
ing the youngest man
recorded to occupy
that position. In the
fall of 1887 Air.
Champlin was elected
a representative to
the Legislature, serv
ing during his first
term on the Com
mittee on Street Rail
ways. The following
year he was returned,
and served on the
Committee on
Towns, serving as
clerk both terms. In
1888 he was elected
mayor of Chelsea,
being then the young
est man but one who
had ever held that
office. He was re
elected the next year.
During his adminis
tration the city was
vigorously improved, electric lights were introduced
throughout the city, miles of sewer and water pipe and
brick sidewalks were laid, the police and fire depart
ments were reorganized, and, withal, the tax rate was
lowered. While mayor he was nominated and elected
senator, taking his seat when the Senate was equally
divided politically. He was made chairman of the
Committee on Liquor Law and a member of the com
mittees on Public Charitable Institutions and Public Ser-

vice. On being again elected to the Senate, he became
chairman of the committees on Liquor Law and Taxa
tion and a member of the Committee on Constitutional
Amendments. During his two terms in the Senate he
displayed great activity on the floor of that chamber as
well as in committee work. While he was mayor of
Chelsea he was the only Massachusetts mayor to indi
cate Chicago as his preference for the location of the
World's Fair. In 1892 he was appointed on the Senate
Committee to attend
the dedication of the
fair at Chicago. Mr.
Champlin was born
Feb. 7, 1858, and
until he was sixteen
years of age attended
the Chelsea public
schools. At that age
his newspaper career
commenced, with his
employment on the
Boston Globe as a
di strict reporter.
Two years later the
Chelsea Record was
established, and Air.
Champlin, then not
out of his teens, was
made manager. He
successfully built up
the paper and con
tinued manager until
1 886, when he started
a paper of his own,
the Chelsea Gazette,
which he still pub
lishes. Air. Champ
lin is a member of
many fraternal socie
ties. He is a mem
ber of all Masonic branches in Chelsea ; of the Odd
Fellows ; of the Knights of Pythias ; of the Improved
Order of Red Men, and is connected with several social
clubs. He is a trustee of the Walnut Street Alethodist
Church, and has been identified with the Young Men's
Christian Association since its foundation. Afr. Champ
lin is unmarried. With such a record of active useful
ness as he has made, Air. Champlin's friends anticipate
for him still higher honors in the future.

ARTHUR B. CHAMPLIN

HAVERHILL, with its fine residences resting upon an amphitheatre of hills, and its mercantile buildings and
manufactories stretched along the bank of the Merrimack, is one of the busiest and most prosperous cities
in the State. It is indeed an ancient town, having been settled by the English in 1640, and was made a city in
1870. Few of its old buildings are now standing, but many historical spots are marked with monuments, stone
and board, and are full of interest. Its two hundred and fiftieth anniversary was celebrated July 2, 1890. Many
of the descendants of the old families are still active in the life of Haverhill, and the nature of her industries has
attracted many of the best young men and women from other States. In very recent years, however, the present
population of thirty thousand people has grown more mixed, as in all manufacturing places. It has raised up
sons and daughters prominent in all walks of life, foremost among whom is the late John G. Whittier, the great
poet of Freedom.
In public buildings, Haverhill can boast of one of the best city halls in New England, and of an excellent
public library well equipped in all branches, while the Old Ladies' Home, City Hospital and Children's Home
are models of their kind. The twenty-five churches are well attended, and testify to the character of the people.
There are many fine school-houses, some of which are of recent origin. The school system is equal to any in
New England. The natural location of Haverhill and its exceptionally fine stores make it a centre of trade for
many surrounding towns, and the recent entrance of the Haverhill, Alerrimack & Amesbury Electric Road has
brought an increased patronage. The local Haverhill & Groveland Street Railway is now changing to electric
equipment, and the two roads will give a still greater boom to the building of more homes, though the city has
expanded very rapidly during the past few years. Its future is therefore full of promise.
The banking facilities are very large, with plenty of capital in the five national banks, three savings banks,
two co-operative banks, and one loan and trust company. The recent purchase by the city of the aqueduct which
gives a water supply at an expense of $637,500, will prove to be a safe investment, and with the same conservative
policy which has been pursued by its owners in the past, will within twenty years wipe out the debt, and put the
city in possession of an aqueduct, which in all its appointments and purity of water supply is unexcelled in this
country. The statistics of Haverhill's manufacturing industry in the census of 1890 gives the following: Number of
establishments, 722; number of industries, 64; capital invested, $7,925,810; hands employed, 14,988; wages
paid, $6,815,474; cost of material used, $13,561,592, and value of product, $25,340,361. The product of the hat
industry, contemporary in age with the shoe industry, both having been started as early as 1795, is over Si,ooo,ooo
each year. The other varied industries share $7,000,000 of the above-named product, while the shoe industry will
claim a division of over $15,000,000 annually. It is chiefly to the shoe business that Haverhill owes her growth,
wealth and prosperity.
The conflagration of Feb. 17, 1882, destroyed the old factories, and the large area known as the shoe
district is now covered with new and substantial brick buildings that are increasing in number each year. In all
of them may be found the latest improvements in machinery, and a large number of the best skilled workmen.
The reputation of Haverhill for fine goods is now established in the trade, and large orders are daily received
from all parts of the world. Haverhill's contribution of $5,600, towards the erection of the Shoe and Leather
Trade Building at the World's Fair, demonstrated her interest in that project, and it is safe to predict that the
Haverhill shoe exhibit will sustain her well-earned prestige.

HA VERHILL.

391

JW

; AYOR OLIVER TAYLOR is one of the best-
known and most successful business men in the
Queen City of the Merrimack, Haverhill. He was born
in Atkinson, N. H., in the year 1827, and is the son of
Oliver and Lettice Taylor. He was educated in the
common schools, and at the academy of his native town.
Upon the completion of his school career he engaged in
farming, which pursuit he followed until the year 1852,
when he moved to Haverhill, and at once decided to
learn the grocery
business. He
accepted the posi
tion of clerk in the
grocery store of Cur
rier & Taylor, where
h e faithfully per
formed his work un
til engaged by John
Davis in a similar
position in the same
business. After hav
ing acquired a thor
ough knowledge of
all the details of the
work, he entered into
a partnership with
Ebenezer Webster,
under the firm name
of Webster & Taylor,
which firm continued
to do a successful
business for several
years. The partner
ship was then dis
solved, and Mr. Tay
lor went into the
clothing business
with his brother, Levi
Taylor, a former
honored mayor of
Haverhill. They built up a large trade, and the firm
continued as Oliver and Levi Taylor, partners, until
Martin Taylor was taken in as a member of the firm,
when the name was changed, and is now styled, " The
Three Taylors." It is one of the largest and most
reliable business houses in Essex County. In addition,
Mr. Taylor has been a member of the firm of Taylor,
Goodwin & Co., the largest coal and lumber dealers in
Haverhill. He is also a large real estate owner, and

OLIVER TAYLOR.

consequently a heavy tax payer. Mr. Taylor's marked
business qualities were soon recognized by his associ
ates, and he has been called to serve in many respon
sible positions, among which are the following : Presi
dent and director in the Essex National Bank, and di
rector in the Citizens' Cooperative Bank and Pentucket
Savings Bank, all of which are doing a good business,
and are among the best banking institutions of the city.
He is also director in the Merrimack Valley Steamboat
Company, and in the
Amesbury Carriage
Company. Mr.
Taylor married Mary
E. Fellows, daughter
of Samuel Fellows,
and they have one
daughter, Edith.
Mr. Taylor is a
stanch Republican
in politics, and has
seen something of
public life. He has
been a member of
the Board of Over
seers of the Poor for
the past twenty-nine
years, and has been
a careful and val
uable official in the
department. He
was elected a mem
ber of the Board of
Aldermen in the year
1873. In 1876 he
was chosen to repre
sent his district in
the lower branch of
the State Legislature,
and was assigned to
several important
committees, being made chairman of the State House
Committee. He proved to be a good legislator, and his
record was such as met the general approval of his con
stituents, who honored him with a re-election the fol
lowing year. He then retired from politics until the
present year, when he became a candidate for the may
oralty in mass caucus, and received the nomination by a
large majority. The contest which followed was sharply
fought, but Mr. Taylor was elected.

392

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

WILLIAM H. MOODY, a well-known lawyer of
Haverhill, is a native of Newbury, Mass., having
been born in that town on the twenty-third day of
December, in the year 1853. His early education was
obtained in the public schools of Salem, where his early
boyhood was spent. He is the son of Henry L. and
Melisha A. Aloody. His father then moved his family
to Danvers, Mass., where his son took a course of study
in the Danvers High School, and then decided to fit
himself :or college.
With this in mind,
he naturally sought
one of the leading
preparatory schools
in this section of the
State, in the w e 1 1-
known institution,
Phillips Academ y ,
Andover. Upon
completion of the
course there, h e
entered H a r v a r d
College, from which
university he gradu
ated in the year 1876.
The bent of his mind
was toward the legal
profession, and h e
entered upon the
study of law in the
office of the late
Richard H. Dana, of
Boston, continuing
his studies until
April. 1878, w hen,
upon passing a suc
cessful examination,
he was admitted to
the bar. He had in
the year 1874 taken
up a legal residence in Haverhill, and at once decided
to open an office in the city of his adoption. He there
fore made arrangements to enter into a law partnership
with E. N. Hill, under the firm name of Hill & Moody.
This firm continued to do business for the period of two
years, when Mr. Hill decided to seek another city, and
the partnership was dissolved. Mr. Aloody then asso
ciated himself for one year vvith the late Joseph K. Jen-
nen, under the firm name of Jennen & Moody, their

\

WILLIAM H. MOODY.

business relations being severed by the death of Mr.
Jennen, whose memory is still dear to the citizens of
Haverhill. For a time following the decease of Mr.
Jennen Mr. Aloody was alone until his present law
partner, Horace E. Bartlett, assumed an interest, and
the firm has since continued under the name of Moody
& Bartlett. Air. Aloody has served one term of three
years as a member of the Haverhill School Board. He
was elected to the position of city solictor during the
year 1888, and was
re-elected to con
tinue in office the
following year of
1889. Mr. Moody
is a Republican in
politics. His careful
administration of the
duties connected
with the office within
the gift of his own
municipality served
to attract the atten
tion of those in
terested in county
affairs, and he was
made a candidate for
the position of dis
trict attorney o f
Essex County, and
was elected upon the
Republican ticket by
a handsome majority
in the fall of 1889.
'Phe appreciation of
his work is seen in
the fact that he has
since continued to
hold the office. Air.
Aloody is a member
of the Order of Elks,
and was the first exalted ruler of the order in Haverhill.
He is also a member of the Masonic fraternity. Air.
Moody possesses rare common- sense, and, being en
dowed with ability and great capacity for work, may
well anticipate many years of honor and usefulness.
His high standing at the Alassachusetts bar, his legal
attainments and his many fine qualities conspire to
render him one of the most prominent figures in the
official life of the city of his adoption.

i

HA VE THILL.

393

JOHN A. GALE, formerly a leading shoe manufac
turer, but of late engaged in the banking business,
was born in Newton, N. H., Nov. 24, 1848. His pri
mary education was received in the public schools of
Newton and the higher branches were pursued at Kings
ton Academy, Kingston, N. H. He took up his resi
dence in Haverhill in the year 1869, and at once en
tered into the shoe business under the firm name of
Gale & Currier. This partnership was soon dissolved
by the death of Mr.
Currier. Mr. Gale
then associated him
self with Charles N.
Hoyt for three years,
at the expiration of
which time he con
ducted business for
himself until 1889.
His accumulation of
a large property dur-
ing these years
marked out for him
a successful financial
career, which he is
now following as one
of the leading bank
ers in this section of
the Commonwealth.
He married, in 1870,
Alary A. Simonds,
and they have one
daughter, Mabel J.
Gale. Air. Gale is
a Democrat in poli
tics. He first ran
for office as an inde
pendent candidate
for the Common
Council, and was
elected by the largest
vote cast for any nominee on the city ticket for that
year. He was re-elected to the same office the year
following, being a member of the city government
during the years 1877 and 1878. In 1879 he was
elected as overseer of the poor, and remained in the
position until the year 1892, during which time many
reforms in this department of city affairs were insti
tuted and expenses greatly reduced. Mr. Gale served
two terms of three years each as a useful member of the

JOHN A. GALE

Haverhill School Board. In the fall of 1890 he was
nominated as one of the candidates to represent his
district in the lower branch of the Massachusetts Legis
lature and was elected by a handsome plurality, a vic
tory hardly to be expected in what had heretofore been
regarded as a Republican district. He showed himself
to be an able legislator, and was especially strong in
the discussion of all financial questions. Through his
efforts a charter was obtained for the Pentucket Savings
Bank and the Haver
hill Loan and Trust
Company. He was
unanimously renom
inated to serve in
the same capacity
the following year,
but declined the
honor. In 1886 Mr.
Gale organized the
Second National
Bank o f Haverhill,
and has since con
tinued as its presi
dent. From this
time on he made a
public financial rec
ord, of which one
may well be proud,
as will be seen from
the responsible posi
tions mentioned be
low which he now
holds, in addition to
the presidency of the
Haverhill Second
National Bank. He
has been a member
of the Investment
Committee con
nected with the Pen
tucket Savings Bank, the Haverhill Loan and Trust
Company and the Citizens' Cooperative Bank ever since
their organization. In 1890 he was elected president
of the Amesbury National Bank. In 1892 Air. Gale,
vvith others, organized the Somerville National Bank, of
which he is vice-president. He is also one of the
directors in the Haverhill and Groveland Street Railway.
Mr. Gale is regarded as one of the ablest financiers in
the Commonwealth.

394

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

EDWARD G. FROTHINGHAM, a prominent resi
dent of Haverhill, and son of Edward G. Froth-
ingham, Sr., the editor of the Haverhill Gazette for
twenty-six years, was born in Gloucester, Mass., and
educated in the Haverhill schools. He studied at the
Massachusetts College of Pharmacy, and later estab
lished himself, and continued in the drug business in
Haverhill until 1885. He did much to raise the stan
dard of pharmacy, serving as the first president of the
Essex County Phar
maceutical Associa
tion, as well as offi
cer and member of
the city, State and
national pharmaceu
tical associations, and
trustee of the Alassa
chusetts College of
Pharmacy for several
years. His interest
in literary and educa
tional matters was
shown in his work as
assistant editor of the
Haverhill Gazette for
several years, and as
president of the
Haverhill High
School Alumni Asso
ciation. During the
late war he enlisted
and served as hospi
tal steward until its
close. He first ac
cepted public office
in 1885, and was
elected representa
tive to the General
Court, where he
proved himself an
able legislator, participating frequently in discussions
upon the floor of the House and notably as champion
of the famous Pharmacy Bill. He helped to secure its
passage after it had been defeated in eight previous
Legislatures. As an advocate of wise legislation for the
workingmen he proved himself a conservative but true
friend of the labor interests. He was handsomely
re-elected the next year by a majority of seven hundred
votes in a close district. He is a stanch Republican,

EDWARD G. FROTHINGHAM

striving to keep his party in sympathy with the indus
trial classes, and the wisdom of this course is now more
generally recognized in the platforms adopted. Mr.
Frothingham would doubtless have been returned for a
third term, but was prevailed upon to enter the sena
torial race in 1887, and received the support of thirty-
six out of forty-two of the Haverhill delegates to the
convention. LInfortunately, however, Newburyport at
the lower end of the district had been unavoidably
divided into two dis
tricts by the Senato
rial Redis trie ting
Committee of the
previous Legislature,
of which Mr. Froth
ingham was a mem
ber. He did not
favor the division,
but Newburyport at
tributed the change
of boundary to him,
and caused his de
feat at the polls.
Haverhill, however,
gave him the unprec
edented majority of
nearly one thousand
votes. As a vindi
cation he was
strongly urged to
enter the mayoralty
contest, but he pre
ferred a rest from
political excitement.
Air. Frothingham is
a thirty-second de
gree Mason, an en
campment Odd Fel
low, and has been
master workman of
the Ancient Order of United Workmen. He is also a
charter member of Alajor How Post, was its surgeon for
sixteen years, and its historian upon the celebration of
its twentieth anniversary. He has been Memorial Day
orator for his own and other posts. He was chairman
of the Republican City Committee for five consecutive
years. In 1889 he was appointed by the president
special examiner of drugs, medicines and chemicals,
for the port of Boston and Charlestown.

HA VERHILL

395

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN BRICKETT, son of Frank
lin and Mehitable Dow (Bradley) Brickett, was
born in Haverhill, Essex County, Mass., April io, 1846.
He belongs to one of the oldest and best-known fami
lies in Haverhill on both the paternal and maternal
side, his ancestry upon the Brickett side embracing Gen
eral Brickett of Revolutionary fame. His father, Frank
lin Brickett, was famous in his lifetime for his enterprise
and courage in helping to build up and promote the
best interests of Ha
verhill, and no man
of his time did more
than he for Haver
hill, in the erection
of substantial blocks
and dwelling-houses.
Benjamin F. was edu
cated in the public
schools of his native
town, and fitted for
college at the well-
known institution,
Phillips Exeter
Academy. He en
tered Dartmouth Col
lege in 1863, and was
graduated therefrom
in the class of 1867.
He chose the profes
sion of the law, and
began his prelimi
nary studies in t h e
office of D. & C.
Saunders, in Law
rence. After being
with them a year, he
entered the Harvard
Law School, com
pleted the course
there, and was ad
mitted to the bar in 1
school two years in Glendall, Ohio. He returned to
Haverhill in 1872, and commenced the practice of his
profession, in which he is still successfully engaged.
On both the civil and criminal side of the court he has
acquired the reputation of being a fearless, discreet
and zealous advocate. He has attained considerable
prominence as counsel in many of the noted criminal
causes of Essex County, and he has acted as leading

&.

BENJAMIN F. BRICKETT.

869. He then taught the high

counsel successfully in a capital case of some note in
New Hampshire. Mr. Brickett has been closely iden
tified with the politics of city and State for some years,
and is a stanch Democrat. He was chairman of the
Democratic City Committee from 1882 to 1886, and
from 1889 to 1892, inclusive; city solicitor of Haverhill,
1883, 1884 and 1885 ; a member of the School Com
mittee from 1876 to 1882 ; a member of the State Sen
ate from the fourth Essex senatorial district for the year
1 89 1, and a delegate
from his congres
sional district to the
National Democratic
Convention at Chi
cago, which nomi
nated Cleveland and
Stevenson. He was
an active worker for
the candidacy of Mr.
Cleveland. Until
Mr. Brickett took the
chairmanship of the
Democratic City
Committee in 1889,
the city of Haverhill
had always been
strongly Republican,
but under his leader
ship it has become
quite evenly bal
anced. His efforts
in behalf of his party,
and in defence of his
principles and con
victions have gained
him prominence and
distinction through
out the State. As a
member of the State
Senate in 1891, he
was conspicuous for his very able work on the Judiciary
Committee. He was also appointed chairman of the
Joint Committee on Probate and Insolvency by a Re
publican president of the Senate. While he was an
especial champion of all legislation intended to benefit
the wage earner and farmer, he carefully guarded all the
varied interests of the fourth Essex district, and won
the admiration of his constituents. Mr. Brickett was
married in Great Falls, N. H., in 1889, to E.Jennie Guptill.

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

REV. GEORGE H. REED, pastor of the North
Church 'in Haverhill, was born in Worcester,
Alass., Alarch 24, 1858. His father, Samuel G. Reed,
who married Clara E. Harlan, of Shrewsbury, Alass., a
lineal descendant of John Alden, was for fifty years a
manufacturer of carriage wheels and an inventor of a
tire heater now extensively used in heating carriage
and locomotive tires with gas. His son George attended
the Worcester schools until the age of sixteen, when he
engaged in business
for five years. He
then renewed his in
terest in his studies,
and prepared himself
for his present call
ing in accordance
with a most cher
ished desire of his
father. He there
fore entered Phillips
Exeter Academy in
the fall of 1879, and
was graduated in the
centennial class of
1883, of which he
had the honor of
being class orator.
On account of the
uncertain condition
of his father's health,
Air. Reed deemed it
wise to take his the
ological course at
Bangor Seminary
before entering upon
his studies at Boston
University. While at
the university h e
accepted a unani
mous call to become
pastor of the Winslow Church, in Taunton, Alass., and
was ordained and installed June 3, 1887. During his
successful pastorate over this church Mr. Reed married
Aliss Nellie A". Deane, daughter of Dr. A. S. Deane, a
prominent physician of that city. Mrs. Reed at once
proved herself eminently fitted in every way for the
delicate duties of a minister's wife. One daughter has
been born to them, Margaret Reed. While in Taunton,
he was elected trustee of Bristol Academy, ] (resident of

GEORGE H. REED

the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals,
president of the Board of Associated Charities, presi
dent of the Taunton Congregational Club, and for
three years was scribe of the Taunton Conference of
Congregational Churches. After four years of fruitful
service as a beloved pastor in this field, a unanimous
call was extended to him by the North Church of
Haverhill to be its minister, and upon its acceptance he
moved to Haverhill. He was installed Nov. 10, 189 1,
in his new field of
labor, where his
knowledge of men
acquired in his bus
iness career together
with his studious
habits and pleasing
a d dr e s s have emi
nently qualified him
to meet the demands
of one of the strong
est churches outside
of Boston in Eastern
Afassachusetts. The
North Church em
ploys a pastor's
assistant, who, being
a sensible and de
voted woman, finds
access to the hearts
and homes of the
young women em
ployed in the large
shoe shops. The
Young Women's
Reading Room, sus
tained by the church,
attracts nearly five
thousand visitors
each year. Classes
in book-keeping,
type-writing, painting, elocution and singing enable
young women to obtain more lucrative positions than
they could otherwise command. One of the sewing
societies connected with the church, the Bethany Asso
ciation, is a chartered organization, whose charities
amount to one thousand dollars each year. The large
sewing-school and the ably-conducted Chinese Alission
School indicate the vigor and practical spirit of this
church under the guidance of its popular pastor.

HA VERIIILL.

397

J OTIS WARDWELL, son of Zenas C. and Adriana
. S. Wardwell, was born in Lowell, Alass., March
14, 1856. His parents moved to Groveland in i860.
He was educated in the common schools, at the George
town High School, at the New London Academy and at
the Boston University Law School, where he graduated
with the degree of LL. B. in the class of 1879. He
then studied law with Samuel J. Elder in Boston and
with J. P. and B. B. Jones in Haverhill, and was ad
mitted to the Essex
bar in 1879. He
then took up his res
idence in Haverhill
and formed a law
partnership with
Henry N. Merrill,
under the firm name
of Merrill & Ward-
well. This partner
ship continued until
Dec. 1, 1 89 1, when
Mr. Wardwell retired
from the firm and is
now practising in
Boston, with his office
at No. 53 State Street,
although residing in
Haverhill. He has
always taken an active
interest in politics,
and was elected a
member of the Com
mon Council in 1882.
In 1887 he was
elected to the lower
branch of the Alas
sachusetts Legisla
ture as a Republican,
and was honored with
five consecutive
terms in that body. Early in his first session he was
prominent in debates, and at the close of the session
was regarded as one of the leaders of the House. At
the beginning of his second year he was recognized as
the Republican leader upon the floor, which position he
held during the remainder of his legislative service.
He was twice a candidate for speaker of the House,
and was defeated in the second contest by only two
votes, after one of the hardest contests in the history of

J. OTIS WARDWELL

the Commonwealth. While a member of the Legisla
ture he served upon the following committees : Elec
tions (chairman), Probate and Insolvency, Mercantile
Affairs (chairman), Judiciary, Rules (chairman), and
was a member of the special committee to investigate
the charges of corrupt use of money in the passage of
the bill to incorporate the town of Beverly Farms. He
was also chairman of a committee to investigate similar
charges as to the bill for granting franchises to elevated
railroads in Boston.
Both these investiga
tions attracted wide-
. , spread attention, and
Air. Wardwell was
highly complimented
for the manner in
which he presided
over them. During
his entire legislative
service he was always
prominent in debates
upon all public ques
tions, particularly
those relating to the
right of suffrage, such
as the abolishment
of the poll-tax qual
ification as a pre
requisite to the right
to vote. As a mem
ber of the "No Tax
League," he joined
with some of the
most prominent Re
publicans in the State
in asking for the
amendment to the
constitution in favor
of the abolition as
above stated. He
always favored progressive temperance legislation and
all legislation for protecting the ballot. He has not
only been active in the Legislature, but upon the stump
during the campaigns of the last six years, in which he
was very prominent. For several years Mr. Wardwell
has been an active member of the Republican State
Committee, and served as assistant secretary two years
and secretary three years. He has a wide acquaintance
with contemporary public men and measures.

398

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

ALDEN P. JAQUES, one of the successful business
men of Haverhill, is a native of Bowdoin, Ale.,
where he was born, March 4, 1835. He is the eldest
son of Stafford and Harriet Jaques. In 1858 he mar
ried Harriet, daughter of John Carr, of Bowdoin. She
died in 1865. Air. Jaques married, in 1871, Aliss Marci
L., daughter of Leonard R. Avery, of New Hampton,
N. H. They have had one son, Walter H. Jaques.
Air. Jaques lived in Bowdoin and Richmond, Ale., until
1859, when he took
up his residence in
Haverhill, and soon
after formed a part
nership with his
brother-in-law, Ran
dall A. Potter, in the
shoe business, the
name of the firm be
ing Potter & Jaques.
In 1870 Air. Jaques,
i n company with
John B. Nichols,
purchased a build
ing on Washington
Street, and in it in
augurated an enter
prise that has done
more than any other
to revolutionize the
shoe industry in
Haverhill, namely
t h e application of
steam power for
making shoes. This
movement was re
garded at first as
impracticable, but
it was soon gener
ally adopted. Air.
Jaques was also the
first to succeed in making shoes in what is known as a
string shop. In this he has been followed by others,
until now nearly every manufacturer has adopted this
method. Air. Jaques continued in the shoe business
until the great conflagration in February, 1882, when
his factory and other buildings were totally destroyed.
He afterwards had more substantial buildings erected,
but retired at this time from the shoe business, and
became engaged in real estate and other enterprises,

ALDEN P JAQUES

with now and then a vacation for travel in all parts of
his own country, and a trip abroad. His unquestioned
integrity has been a large factor in his successful busi
ness career, as he never experienced any difficulty in
obtaining large loans of money from banking institu
tions and private citizens. In addition to his large
business interests Mr. Jaques has always found time to
devote to the welfare of the city and State where he
resides. His fellow-citizens, recognizing his talents and
ability, have honored
him by placing him
in positions of trust
and responsibility.
Mr. Jaques has
served two terms as
a .mem ber of the
Haverhill School
Board. He is a
Republican in poli
tics, a loyal supporter
of his party, and has
done much personal
work, besides con
tributing liberally to
campaign funds. In
1885 and 1886 he
was a member of the
Board of Aldermen,
and served on its
important commit
tees. In 1887 and
1888 Air. Jaques rep
resented his district
in the lower branch
of the Alassachusetts
Legislature, and in
1882 was elected to
the Senate, where he
was honored with a
membership of the
Joint Special Committee on County Affairs and Criminal
Costs. He was also chairman of the State House Com
mittee, chairman of the Woman Suffrage Committee,
and a member of the Committee on Libraries. Air.
Jaques is a member of Haverhill Commandery, Knights
Templar; Saggahen Lodge, Free and Accepted .Masons ,
Mutual Relief Podge, Independent Order of Odd Fel
lows, and of the North Church Society, and is active in
all these organizations.

-_-UtJ.-->

HOLYOKE, like Venice, is famous for her canals, or perhaps more properly for the many and immense con
cerns which have had their birth on account of them, and which have given to the city a world-wide
reputation, and have raised her from an insignificant and almost unknown town, to the position of eighth city in
the State, within a generation. Her growth has been phenomenal, similar in some respects to that of some West
ern cities, but vastly more stable. The city is yet young, still lacking three years of her majority, but she is alive
to every issue and fully able to meet all of the requirements made upon her. In fact there are few cities more
progressive than Holyoke, as her rapidly increasing population and valuation attest, and few Bay State municipali
ties have a brighter future.
Holyoke's history is a brief one. In the early years of the present century no such place appeared upon
the map, although her progenitor, Ireland, a little colony of less than twenty families, was designated as early as
1745. The people were agriculturalists, and not even their most Utopian dreams pictured the handsome city of
to-day. In 1825 the place was sparsely settled, and only two small mills were in operation; neither one repre
senting the big industry of the present, which has given Holyoke her sobriquet of the "Paper City." Holyoke
owes her existence to her water power, but it was not until 1831 that any attempt was made to utilize it. At that
time the Hadley Falls Company built a wing dam, obliquely, into the river, to obtain power to run a cotton mill
of four thousand spindles. This mill, with another small one, was the only manufacturing establishment there as
late as 1847. It was in this year that the Holyoke of to-day really had its birth, for it was at this time that the
water was measured and found to represent thirty thousand horse-power. Had a gold mine opened before the
gaugers they could not have been more surprised or delighted, and the negotiations of several capitalists for a
certain tract of land were quickly concluded.
In the following year a new company conceived the plan of damming the river, and at once purchased
eleven hundred acres of territory ; the work was begun and the great structure stood completed the morning of
Nov. 19, 1848. The water was turned in, but the dam was not strong enough to resist the strain, and at two o'clock
in the afternoon it gave way, and the waters swept on to the sea untrammelled. Nothing daunted, the promoters
of the scheme again set to work, and a second and more lasting structure was completed in October, 1849, which
was further strengthened some years later by the construction of a massive apron in front of it. 'Phe water is con
ducted through the city by three great canals, all being on different levels ; the main water-course utilizing the
second level canal as a race-way. All are well lined with mills.
Paper making is the great industry of the city, and represents an invested capital of about five million
dollars, while the daily output represents one-twentieth part of the entire manufacture of the country. Other
manufactures of importance are pumping machinery, wire goods and silk and woollen textiles, bringing the total
capitalization in the city up to about twelve million dollars, while hundreds of cars of freight are monthly shipped
to and from the busy place.
Holyoke was set off as a town March 14, 1850, and the bill to establish her as a city was signed by Gover
nor Washburn twenty-three years later. The city's valuation has increased very rapidly, and so have her improve
ments, until to-day she stands well up with her sister municipalities in the onward march. She spends money
freely but not extravagantly in permanent improvements, such as asphalt and granite block paving, and besides.
supports excellent police and fire departments, and fine schools. The city has many elegant churches, business
blocks and residences, and a system of electric street cars that is first class, while every portion of the town is well
lighted by electricity or gas. The city also has one of the finest city halls in the State, and the veteran is remem
bered by a handsome monument. Among the important institutions are the Board of Trade and the public
library, with fifteen thousand volumes, that have materially aided the growth of this young, but in many ways
remarkable, city of inland Massachusetts.

400

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

J

EREMIAH FRANCIS SULLIVAN, mayor of Hol
yoke, of whom a short life sketch is herewith given,
claims the United States as a home by adoption. His
residence here has extended over a period nearly cov
ering his entire life. Alayor Sullivan was born in Dur-
sey Island, County of Cork, Ireland, Feb. 14, 1840,
his parents being Mortimer and Mary (Sullivan) Sulli
van. For two or three years young Sullivan attended
school in the Emerald Isle, but in 1849, when only nine
years old, he came to
this country and has
since been loyal to
the stars and stripes.
During his long resi
dence in this country,
with the exception
of a few months
spent at Providence,
R. I., he has lived in
Holyoke, the city
which has often
honored him, and to
which he has brought
honor. Upon arriv
ing in Holyoke he
went to school and
passed his time with
his books until h e
was thirteen years
old, when h e was
compelled to give up
his schooling a&d go
to work. He worked
in a cotton mill until
he reached the age
of sixteen, when he
went into the meat
and provision busi
ness, in the employ
of James F. AUyn,
for whom he worked nine years, or until Mr. AUyn took
him into partnership. This partnership existed for nine
teen years, when Air. AUyn retired from business, and
he has since conducted it alone, increasing it to very
prosperous proportions. In his political belief Mayor
Sullivan is a true-blue Democrat, and has been exalted
to several positions of honor and power by the party to
which he belongs. Liis official life began in 1874, when
he was elected overseer of the poor, which position he

JEREMIAH F. SULLIVAN.

held for two years. He gave up the place in 1876,
when he was elected an assessor. To the latter office
he was elected for five consecutive terms of three years
each, being chairman of the board for the last eight
years of his incumbency. In the year 1889 he resigned
from the board and was elected mayor, and made such
a good record for himself and his party that he was
unanimously renominated the following year and was
again elected. For a third time the Democrats chose
him as their standard-
bearer, and he went
into the office with
an increased major
ity, although he had
received an unusu
ally large majority
the year before. He
has been a conscien
tious and hard work-
ing executive and
has relegated self-
interest to the back
ground in his desire
to give the city good
government. He
has received the
indorsement of
members of both
parties in many of his
official acts, and his
regime hasbeen char
acterized by a spirit
of progress and im
provement. Alayor
Sullivan's life is not
wholly taken up with
the trials and vexa
tions of his official
or business cares,
however, for he finds
an opportunity to devote some time to the amenities of
domestic and social life. He was married in November,
TS63, to Catherine E. Dower. Seven children have been
born to them, five of whom are living. Alayor Sullivan
is an excellent example of what a fine graft can be made
on American ideas and American life by foreign stock.
While remaining loyal to the cause of his native land
and sympathizing with her struggles, he is nevertheless
a thorough-going American.

HOL YOKE.

401

COLONEL EMBURY P. CLARK, while closely in
touch with all sides of Holyoke life, cannot be
exclusively called a Holyoke citizen, for his long and
honorable service for this State, both on the field of
battle and in the militia, give him a broader citizenship
than is afforded by the environment of any city or
section. Colonel Clark is the son of Chandler and
Joanna (Woodward) Clark, and first saw the light in the
town of Buckland, Franklin County, Mass., March 31,
1845. His early
education was re
ceived in the public
schools of the town,
but in 1858 he re
moved with his par
ents to Holyoke,
where he has since
resided. He spent
some time at school
and working in a
store, but in 1862,
when only seventeen*
he enlisted in Com
pany B, Forty-sixth
Regiment, Massa
chusetts Volunteers,
and served with
credit in North Caro-
1 i n a and with the
Army of the Potomac.
After his return from
the war he was for
several years in the
drug business and
afterward paymaster
for a large manufac
turing concern. In
July, 1876, his fellow-
townsmen gave out
ward recognition of
the service he had rendered and the esteem in which
they held him, by electing him water registrar, a posi
tion he has since held. The honor is all the more
marked, when it is remembered that Holyoke is intensely
Democratic, while Colonel Clark is strongly Republican.
Colonel Clark has always taken a lively interest in educa
tional matters and has been a member of the School
Board for the last fifteen years. In harmony with his
educational interest is his interest in music. He

EMBURY P. CLARK

has sung in various church choirs, was one of the origi
nators and president, for several years, of the Holyoke
Choral Union, and, later, president of the Connecticut
Valley Musical Association. In matters military Colonel
Clark takes a ranking position. He has been very
prominent in the militia since the war. In 1868 he was
sergeant of Company K, Second Regiment, and was
elected captain a year later. In 187 1 he was made
major, and a little later, lieutenant-colonel, but upon
the reorganization of
the militia, in 1876,
was honorably dis-
charged with all
other officers rank
ing above captain.
He re-entered the
service as captain of
Company D, Dec. 23,
1878, and was pro
moted to the lieu
tenant-colonelcy of
the Second Regiment
in 1879, which posi
tion he held until
Feb. 2, 1889, when
he was made colonel.
Although a strict
disciplinarian he is
very popular with
both the officers and
men under him.
Colonel Clark is also
a member of the
Military Service In
st i t u t i o n of the
United States, be
sides being_a charter
member, and for
eight years comman
der, of Kilpatrick
Grand Army Post of Holyoke. He was nominated in
1892 for sheriff of Hampden County by the Republicans.
He was married in 1866 to Eliza A., daughter of Perley
and Julia M. Seaver. Of this union there are four chil
dren : Kate E., Edward S., Frederick B. and Alice M.
Clark, and his home life is very pleasant. Colonel
Clark has rendered valuable services to the militia of the
Commonwealth, and to the causes of education and of
music in the community in which he lives.

402

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

WILLIAM WHITING was born, May 24, 1841, in
Dudley, Mass., his parents being William B. and
Elizabeth B. Whiting, the former a descendant of an old
English family which had settled in Lynn, Mass., in
1636. He was married in 1862 to Annie M., daughter
of Luther M. Fairfield, of Holyoke, and they have two
children, WiUiam F. and Raynor S. Whiting. After
completing his studies in the public schools, including
the high school, he entered upon his mercantile career
by becoming book
keeper for the Hol
yoke Paper Company
in 1858, but re
mained with that
concern for three
months only, resign
ing to purchase the
wire mill, which he
converted into a
paper manufactory,
and which was after-
ward known as
Whiting No. 1. It
was devoted to the
manufacture of fine
writing paper, and
was so successful that
Mr. Whiting pur
chased a tract of land
alongside the second
leve 1 canal, and
erected the magnifi
cent paper mill,
called Whiting No.
2. At one time the
mills had the largest
output of any in the
country, and their
product has a rank
ing position. M r .
Whiting has also been prominently connected vvith
other mercantile interests in Holyoke, both in real es
tate, banking and manufacturing. In 1877 he added to
the buildings of the city the Holyoke Opera House and
the Windsor Hotel, two of the finest structures in the
city, the buildings costing about $125,000. He has also
been closely identified with the history of banking
in his city, and was one of the organizers and for many
years the president of the Holyoke National Bank. He

was likewise at one time connected with the Holyoke
Savings Bank, and is now a director of the Chapin Na
tional Bank of Springfield. In a different line of busi
ness is his connection with the Connecticut River Rail
road, of which he is a director, while he was for years
the vice-president of the Holyoke & Westfield Railroad.
In everything that pertains to the public weal he is one
of the leaders, and is connected with many local insti
tutions, including the public library, of which he is the
pre sid e n t . Mr .
Whiting was one of
the organizers of the
Board of Trade, and
was its president
until 1892, when he
declined re-election.
*£%,, In politics Mr. Whit
ing is a Republican,
and has had a full
share of political hon
ors. In 1873 he was
elected to the Mas
sachusetts State Sen
ate, and in 1877 was
chosen mayor of
Holyoke, being re
elected the following
year. Previous to
becoming mayor he
was in 1876 and 1877
elected city treas
urer, being chosen to
both positions by
heavy majorities, al
though the city was
strongly Democratic.
In the Centennial
year he was chosen
a delegate to the
Republican National
Convention that nominated Rutherford B. Hayes for the
presidency. So popular was he with his party that he
was elected to the National House of Representatives,.
serving in the Forty-eighth Congress, and was re-elected
to the Forty-ninth and Fiftieth congresses from the
same district, filling out in a measure a very eventful
and successful public career. Air. Whiting's attainments
are of such a nature as to ensure for him an ever widen
ing field of usefulness in the future.

WILLIAM WHITING.

HOL YOKE.

403

WILLIAM B. C. PEARSONS, who enjoys the
distinction of being the first mayor of the
city of Holyoke, that prosperous and enterprising muni
cipality in the Connecticut valley, has been a resident
of the "Paper City" for more than forty-three years, and
has seen the place grow from a very small town into a
large and important city. Judge Pearsons is a Ver-
monter by birth, the little town of Fairlee in that State
being the scene of his advent into the world. The date
of the event was
Dec. 19, 1825, and
h i s parents were
John and Hannah
(Putnam) Pearsons,
the latter being a.
near relative of Gen
eral Israel Putnam of
Revolutionary fame.
When he was very
young his parents
removed to Brad
ford, in the same
State, and it was in
this town that the
education of the boy
was begun. His first
experience was in
the common schools,
and later he entered
the academy and be
gan preparations for
his future profession.
After leaving the
academy he entered
upon a course of
study in the law
school of Harvard
University, and was
graduated with the
degree LL.B. in
1849. He immediately located in Holyoke, and during
all these forty-three years has practised his profession
in that city. His legal business early became a large
and lucrative one and still continues so, although his
position as police justice of the city takes so much of
his time that he cannot devote himself to pleading as
extensively as in former years. Judge Pearsons has
witnessed many important changes in the city, and has
himself been an important factor in some of its reforms.

WILLIAM B. C. PEARSONS

When Holyoke was yet in its teens, as a town, he was
one of the leading citizens, and was called upon to fill
many offices in the town government. At various times
he was an assessor and member of the School Com
mittee, both offices being held for a number of years.
In 1863 and 1864 he was first selectman of the town,
but previously, in 1859, he was a representative to the
lower branch of the Massachusetts Legislature, and had
been a senator from the Western Hampden district in
1862. In 1864 Judge
Pearsons entered the
army as paymaster,
with the rank of
major, and served
during that year and
the one following.
Whe n Holyoke
adopted municipal
government in 1873,
an eye was cast about
for a suitable man for
the mayoralty, and
Judge Pearsons was
nominated and easily
elected. His legal
training made him
particularly valuable
to the young city,
and he spent a great
deal of time and la
bor in drafting the
city's ordinances,
while his far-sighted
and dignified method
of conducting the
city's affairs was ad
mired by all. Con
sequently he was re
elected the two years
following. His ad
ministrations were singularly able in every respect. He
has been police court justice since 1877. He married
Sarah E. Taylor, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. George
Taylor, of Westfield, in February, 1857, and has a family
consisting of one son and two daughters, the latter
being married. Judge Pearsons's eminent legal attain
ments and his honorable and highly successful career in
public service and on the bench place him among the
truly representative men of the Commonwealth.

404

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

ASHLEY B. TOWER, who has a national reputation
as an architect and civil engineer, was born at
Windsor, Mass., June 26, 1847. Mr. Tower's parents
were Stephen D. and Esther L. (Beals) Tower, and the
family was a prominent one in that town and descend
ants of the first settlers of Massachusetts Colony. He
received a good and liberal education, and, after serving
three years' apprenticeship as a builder, he began the
study of the business that has since become his life-
work and which has
given him an acquain
tance with manufac
turers in all parts of
the country. Mr.
Tower was married
in 1875 to Permelia
J. Fritts. Mr. Tower
has had a long and
successful career in
his chosen profession,
and to-day stands at
the head. He was
elected city engineer
of the city of Holyoke
in the year 1881,
and he successively
held the office that
year and for the two
succeeding ones, in
troducing many re
forms into the man
agement of the office.
In 1878 he became
the junior partner of
the firm of D. H. &
A. B. Tower, civil en
gineers and archi
tects, at Holyoke,
and for thirteen years
retained these rela
tions. During that time the firm built up a very large
business in the designing and the superintendence of
construction of paper mills. Nearly all of the paper
manufacturing centres of the country show samples of
the work of the firm, and a mill building that bears the
stamp of the firm of Tower is considered all that is
desired. On Jan. 1, 1892, A. B. Tower purchased the
interest of the senior partner and the good-will of the
firm, and has since conducted the business alone at

Holyoke, having large and well-arranged offices on Main
Street. With the change the success of Mr. Tower has
not decreased but, on the contrary, has largely increased.
As a designer and builder of paper and fibre mills, and
as an inventor and patentee of paper machinery, he is
recognized as the leading expert of the country. When
in partnership with his brother he designed many of the
large paper mills of Holyoke, as well as mills that were
erected in foreign countries. Among his many con
tracts some of. the
most important are
the Kimberly and
Clark mills at Kim
berly, Wis., the Telu-
lah mill at Appleton,
Wis., the Glens Falls
paper mill at Fort
Edward, N. Y., the
Ticonderoga mill at
Ticonderoga, N. Y.,
the Denver paper
mills at Denver, Col.,
the Shattuck and
Babcock paper mill
at De Pere, Wis., the
Linden paper mill
and the Riverside pa
per mills at Holyoke,
the Niagara Falls
Paper Company's
mills at Niagara Falls,
N. Y., and the im
mense paper and sul
phite fibre mills now
being erected at
Rumford Falls, Me.
He is also a director
in the Denver Paper
Mills Company, and
is interested in a num-
He enjoys the repu-
mill architects in the

ASHLEY B. TOWER.

ber of other manufacturing plants.
tation of being one of the best
country, his mastery of all the intricate details of paper-
mill construction being unsurpassed. His success as
civil engineer and as inventor is well matched by the
prosperity that has attended his numerous business
ventures. Air. Tower is domestic in his tastes, and
after business hours enjoys his evenings at his home
with his library and many works of art.

IIOL YOKE.

405

WILLIAM HENRY BROOKS, the son of Reuben
P. and Margaret (Eliot) Brooks, is a native of
Schuyler's Lake, Otsego County, N. Y., where he was
born, Jan. 5, 1855. The birthplace of Mr. Brooks is
thirty miles south of Utica, being a part of Richfield
Springs, and was adopted as a home by Mr. Brooks,
Sr., when he retired from business in New York City.
WUliam H. fitted for college at Clinton Liberal Insti
tute at Clinton, N. Y., and entered Dartmouth College
in 1872, from which
he graduated during
Centennial year. i 
He began the study
of law in the office
of Warren C. French,
at Woodstock, Vt.
After being admitted
to the bar Mr.
Brooks formed a law
partnership with
Edward W. Chapin,
of Holyoke, in 1878,
and remained so con
nected until 1882,
when he withdrew
and commenced the
practice of his pro
fession alone. H e
has practised in that
city ever since, al
though owing to the
fact that Springfield
is the county seat
and the scene of the
larger part of his
work, Mr. Brooks
has recently opened
an office in the latter
city, which he runs in
connection with
the one at Holyoke. Mr. Brooks's career at the Hamp
den County bar has been a most brilliant one, and he
stands to-day in the front rank of his profession, in the
western part of the State. He is very versatile in his
practice and can conduct a criminal case or plead in a
civil suit with equal ease. Although still comparatively
young, both in years of life and experience, Mr. Brooks
has been counsel in some cases which have brought him
both fame and money. Recently his work has been

WILLIAM H. BROOKS

more in the civil line, but within the past few years he
has been counsel for the defence in several trials for
manslaughter and in six murder cases. He is a fine
jury lawyer, and the announcement that he is to deliver
an argument to the chosen twelve is sure to attract
many listeners. He never goes into a case unless fully
prepared, and both in cross examining and in delivering
an argument conducts himself in a manner that carries
conviction. Inheritance and personal study of political
principles have es-
tablished Mr.
 ., Brooks's Republi
canism beyond the
shadow of a doubt,
and he has done
some very effective
campaign work in
his congressional dis
trict. He does not
seek for office, how
ever, and in the year
1892, declined
a nomination to
Congress, in his dis
trict. He was nom
inated for the dis
trict attorneyship in
1889, but lost it by
only a very small
number of votes.
He was city solici
tor of Holyoke in
1881, 1882 and 1883
and was nominated
for mayor the follow
ing year, being de
feated by a small
majority in that
Democratic strong
hold. Mr. Brooks
has been twice married. His first wife was Mary,
daughter of Warren C. French, of Woodstock, Vt., who
died in 1 88 1. In 1884 he married Jennie, daughter of
the late Edwin Chase. He has three children by the
first union and two by the latter. The qualities that
have assured Air. Brooks's success at the bar are his
industry, his earnestness, his eloquence and his capacity
to throw himself, heart and soul, into a case and make
his client's interests his own.

406

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

DR. GEORGE HERBERT SMITH, who is one of
the leading physicians of the city of Holyoke
and has been for the past quarter of a century, was born
at Chicopee, Mass., July 4, 1840. He was the son of
Edmund H. and Lucy B. Smith. The elementary edu
cation of Dr. Smith was acquired in the public schools
of his native town, both in the grammar and high schools
and later in Wesleyan Academy, at Wilbraham, Mass.,
from which he graduated in June, 1861. He commenced
the study of medi
cine during the same
year. The breaking
out of the war fired
the youth with en
thusiasm, and on
Sept. 1, 1862, he
enlisted in Company
C, Twenty-fifth Reg
iment, Connecticut
Volunteers. In
Alarch of the follow-
ing year he was
assigned to duty on
the surgical staff of
the regime 11 1, re
maining with it until
it was mustered out
of service. After
the close of the war,
Dr. Smith resumed
his medical studies
and was graduated
from Bellevue Hos
pital Aledical Col
lege, at New York,
in March, 1865.
The young doctor
immediately located
at Simsbury, Conn.,
and began the prac
tice of medicine and surgery. He removed to Sycamore,
III, the following year and practised there for awhile.
In November, 1868, he returned East and settled at
Holyoke, where he has since been engaged in a large
and lucrative practice. He is considered one of the
best physicians in the city, and his opinion is often
sought. While the duties of the medical profession are
very exacting, especially where a doctor has a large
practice, Dr. Smith has found time to devote himself

GEORGE H. SMITH.

quite extensively to municipal affairs and to several lines
of business in which he is interested. He is a Repub
lican, and has often been an office holder in the city of
his adoption. He was a member of the Common
Council in the years 1875 and 1876, being president of
the board during his last year as a member. During the
next two years he represented his ward in the upper
branch of the City Council and was an important member
of that body. He has also been a member of the School
Committee for twelve
years, and has also
been a member of
the Board of Park
Commissioners and
chairman of the
Board of Health.
He has also been
chairman of the
Board of Commis
sioners of the Sink
ing Fund for the city
debt. Dr. Smith is
also interested i n
several mercantile
enterprises, being
owner of a third in
terest in the Excel
sior Paper Company
of Holyoke, and is
likewise a trustee
and auditor of the
Mechanics' Savings
Bank of that city.
He was a director
and auditor of the
Holyoke & West-
field Railroad in
1878. Dr. Smith
is married, his wife
being Ada AL,
Babcock, of Medina,
June 8, 1869. As a

daughter of the late Dr. C. W
Ohio, to whom he was united
result of this union Dr. and Airs. Smith have two chil
dren, Abbie May Smith and Lucy C. Smith, to brighten
their home. In business political, and social circles
Dr. Smith enjoys great popularity, and he combines pro
fessional ability and skill with a genius for business and
public affairs in an exceptional degree. In both spheres
he has been equally successful.

HOL YOKE.

407

ONE of the representative citizens of Holyoke, and
especially of the French portion of that city, is
Pierre Bonvouloir, the subject of this sketch. Mr.
Bonvouloir was born in Sainte Brigide, county of Iber
ville, P. Q., March 9, 1854, his parents being Pierre and
Mary Louise (Benoit) Bonvouloir. He attended school
until he was thirteen years old, when he went to work
on his father's farm and later in stores in St. Cesaire
and Farnham, P. Q. He emigrated to the States and
settled in Holyoke,
Dec. 12, 1871,
where he worked in
a couple of grocery
stores until August,
1875, when in com
pany with J. A.
Proulx he entered
business for himself.
The following year
he bought out his
partner and has
since conducted the
very profitable and
growing business
alone. The advan
tages of this country
early impressed
themselves upon Mr.
Bonvouloir, and he
became a citizen in
November of Cen
tennial year. He
soon became promi
nent in the political
affairs of the city and
became a leader in
the Democratic
party. In 1880 he
was elected to a seat
in the Common
Council from Ward Four, while during the years 1887
to 1892, inclusive, he served as school committeeman-
at-large, in which position he gave excellent satisfaction.
He was also elected a member of the Democratic State
Central Committee, this year. But Mr. Bonvouloir's
interest in city affairs is not confined to the field of
politics. It has a much broader scope. He is well
known and highly respected in business circles and is
interested in many important organizations. He is an

PIERRE BONVOULOIR.

active member and director, since its organization, of
the Holyoke Board of Trade, and is always on the alert
for the advancement of the city's interest, either in the
introduction of new industries, or in the development of
old ones. He was also a member of the Holyoke Co
operative Bank, and in July, 1889, he organized the City
Co-operative Bank and has been its secretary and
treasurer since that time. Mr. Bonvouloir is married
and has a pleasant family. His first marriage was to
Miss Lucinda,
daughter of Joseph
Dufresne, which took
place at Three
Rivers, P. Q., Feb.
2, 1883. Mrs. Bon
vouloir died, and in
May, 1 89 1, he mar
ried Annie Dufresne,
a sister of his first
wife. By his first
marriage Mr. Bon
vouloir had four chil
dren, Cosette, Liliane,
Annette and Lionel.
Mr. Bonvouloir is
very popular socially
and is a leader among
his countrymen, while
he counts his friends
among all nationali
ties. He has in
terested himself in
the formation of
many French socie
ties and has held
some office or other
in nearly all of them.
Holyoke has a very
large French popu
lation, and Mr. Bon
vouloir's prominence in political and business life make
him a much sought after man, by members of the French
population. To many he has given friendly aid or
advice, and many have taken advantage of this interest
in the welfare of his fellow-man, to seek his help for
various objects. Air. Bonvouloir is accordingly regarded
as the leading citizen of Canadian birth in Western Mas
sachusetts, and he has exerted a widespread influence in
the Americanizing of his compatriots.

408

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

EDWIN L. MUNN, president of the Park National
Bank of Holyoke, and one of the youngest bank
presidents in that section of the State, was born at
Greenfield, Mass., March 4, 1854. His father was
Colonel Charles H. Munn, one of the leading citizens of
that town, and a descendant of a family that had been
residents of the place for many years. His mother was
Mary S. Stockwell, of Hadley. Both of Mr. Munn's
parents have died within the past two years. Edwin L.
Munn is unmarried,
and lives with h i s
brothers and sister,
having a very pleas-
ant home. Air.
Munn's school -days
were comparatively
few, and he may
properly be called a
self-educated man.
When a boy he at
tended the public
schools in Greenfield,
and later spent a
year or more in Mt.
Pleasant Institute, at
Amherst, Mass.
While yet a boy he
began a business ca
reer that has been
very successful, and
singularly enough
one that has followed
the same lines
through all of these
years. His first work »
was as a boy in the
Franklin County
National Bank of
Greenfield, in which
institution he was
steadily advanced in position, being successively book
keeper and teller. This latter position he held, when,
in 1876, he left the bank to go to Conway, Mass., as the
cashier of the Conway National Bank. He remained
there until he went to Holyoke, and with a number of
prominent capitalists organized the City National Bank
and became its cashier. He served in this capacity for
five years, or until 1884, when he organized the Home
National Bank and went into its service as cashier. In

EDWIN L. MUNN

March, 1892, he again became interested in the organ
ization of a new bank, the third in one city, and the
result is the Park National Bank, of which he is the
president. The bank started with a capital of one hun
dred thousand dollars and a paid-in surplus of fifty thou
sand dollars, and so successful has it been that its stock
is quoted many points above par. The bank paid a
dividend of six per cent during the first six months of its
existence. It isfinely located on High Street, near the
City Hall, and has
handsome quarters.
The safe and vault
are the finest in the
city, and are consid
ered absolutely fire
and burglar proof.
The other officers of
the corporation are
William F. Whiting,
vice-president, and
George W. Parker,
cashier. Mr. Munn's
political convictions
have a Democratic
tinge, and while he
is now too fully occu
pied with his banking
business t o devote
much time to poli
tics, he has in the
past been quite
prominent in this
field. He was treas
urer of the city of
Holyoke in 1884,
1886, 1887 and
1888, and was the
Democratic nominee
for the State treasur
ership in 1889 and
1890. He is also a member of a number of promi
nent clubs, including the Bay State, of Holyoke, the
Winthrop, of Springfield, and the Manhattan Athletic
Club, of New York, a chapter Mason, and a Knight of
Pythias. Mr. Munn's unbroken record of financial suc
cess, his long experience in the banking business, and
his former prominence in political life constitute him
one of the representative men of the State. Socially,
Mr. Munn is popular in Holyoke and Springfield.

¦¦

FITCHBURG is the thirteenth city in the State in point of size, and its population is twenty-seven thousand.
It is situated in the northeastern part of Worcester County, on the main line of the Fitchburg Railroad,
fifty miles west from Boston, and is one of the most active, enterprising and prosperous cities in the Common
wealth. It is built in a valley through which courses the Nashua River, a stream that for one hundred years has
furnished power for various manufactories, and has been a leading factor in the growth of this now important
city. Originally situated only on the river banks, the city has of late years extended in every direction, so that
to-day the hills closing in the valley are covered with handsome mansions and comfortable cottages. In its early
days Fitchburg was the scene of many little conflicts with the aborigines, but very few tragic events are happily
recorded. The first white settlers permanently located there in 1748, and in 1764, with a population of only 259
souls, it was set off from the mother town of Lunenburg as a separate town. From this time to 1835 the history
of the town is like that of numerous others, a slow, steady gain; but it was not till 1870 that the place began to
attract notice. In 1800 the population was about 1,400; in 1830, about 2,200; in 1850, about 5,000; in 1870,
about 11,000; in 1885 it exceeded 15,000, and in 1890 it exceeded 22,000. From 1885, during a period of five
years, the gain exceeded forty-three per cent, surpassing any city in the State, and during the past two years it has
reached nearly 30,000. This rapid and almost unprecedented growth for a New England city has been due to the
activity of the Board of Trade in securing new industries, the enterprise and business foresight of its leading
citizens, and the city's natural advantages, more than to any artificial boom.
The industries of the city are both numerous and varied, comprising the manufacture of steam engines,
machinery and tools, woollen goods, worsted goods, extensive gingham factories, ranking among the first in the
country and the world ; large paper mills of national reputation, saw manufactory, rolling-machine mill, the only
one of its kind ; paper-mill machinery, boots and shoes, bicycles, large car shops, and many smaller but equally
important manufactories. The products of its factories and shops are exported to all parts of the world, and have
the reputation of holding their own in competition with home or foreign goods. Four national banks furnish a
vast amount of capital for the successful prosecution of all enterprises.
Besides being on the main line of the Fitchburg Railroad, now a trunk line, the city is the terminus for the
northern division of the Old Colony Railroad and the Cheshire division of the Fitchburg Railroad. About seventy
passenger trains arrive and depart daily from the large, commodious and handsome union depot. The railroad
facilities are exceptionally favorable both for passenger and freight traffic, and the two roads furnish an easy and
rapid communication with the seaboard, and with northern, southern or western connections at exceptionally
favorable rates.
The present valuation of the city is estimated as follows : Real estate, $12,971,115 ; personal estate, $4,093,-
630; gain since 1891, real estate, $528,174 ; personal estate, $276,254 ; total, $804,428. The prospects of future
growth and importance were never brighter than now. The sales of real estate continue to increase at a surprising
rate, building operations and extensive improvements being noticeable on every side. Visitors from Western
States speak enthusiastically of the energy displayed, contrasting the city most favorably with the Western idea of
enterprise, growth and prosperity. The city possesses all the modern advantages of electric lights, gas, an excel
lent system of water works unsurpassed in the State, paved streets and sidewalks, telegraph and telephone service,
local and long distance, electric and horse street cars, building societies, churches of all religious denominations,
first-class public schools with grammar and high schools, secret and benevolent societies of all orders, and numer
ous private and public institutions for charitable, social, educational and benevolent purposes. The city also
possesses many public buildings of imposing appearance, chief among which is the Wallace Library and Art
Building, the gift of one of the city's most generous and most esteemed citizens, Hon. Rodney Wallace. In all
matters, industrial, social, moral, religious or educational, Fitchburg invites comparison with her sister cities,
having a peaceful, industrious and prosperous population.

410

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

THE present mayor of Fitchburg is Hon. Samuel L.
Graves, a lawyer of considerable reputation and
a native of the pretty town of Groton, Mass. He is the
son of John J. and Lucy Graves, and was born July 18,
1847. After graduating from the schools of his native
town he entered Amherst College, and graduated from
that institution vvith honors in the class of 1870. His
inclination led him in the direction of the law, and he
entered the office of Wood & Torrey, of Fitchburg, then
a leading legal firm
in Worcester County.
After the completion
of his legal studies
he was admitted to
practice in 1873.
Air. Graves at once
opened an office of
his own in Fitchburg,
and almost immedi
ately laid the foun
dation for what has
grown to be an ex
tensive and remuner
ative practice. He is
looked upon as one
of the leading prac
titioners in Central
Alassachusetts. Mr.
Graves w as ma n y
times urged to accept
public office, but it
was twenty years be
fore he could be per
suaded to accept any
position but that of
school committee
man. He faithfully
served in that capa
city for eight years.
In the exciting mu
nicipal contest of 1890 the temperance party urged him
to become their standard-bearer, and after some per
suasion he consented. His opponent on the citizens'
ticket was Hon. Charles L. Hayden, then in office, but
Afr. Graves was elected by a big plurality, there being
a third candidate. The following year he was again put
forward by the same party and was elected by a larger
vote than the previous year, his opponent, too, being
a well-known and highly-esteemed citizen who had seen

SAMUEL L. GRAVES,

many years of public life. In politics Mayor Graves
affiliates with the Democratic party, and has frequently
been mentioned for important official positions by his
party. He has not, however, been an office seeker in
any sense of the term. Mr. Graves is universally con
sidered a man of much courage and frankness, and his
expressions of opinion are always of a fearless and
aggressive nature, but at all times courteous and respect
ful. Although he is a man of firm and decided convic
tions, a due regard
for the opinions of
others has been one
of his distinguishing
characteristics ; and
among all ranks of
society, and with men
of all shades of po
litical belief, he is a
decidedly popular
man. As in the case
of all men occupying
prominent and re
sponsible positions,
Mr. Graves has been
the subject of more
or less criticism, but
his administration of
city affairs has been
considered by all par
ties one of the most
able the city has yet
seen. During the two
years he has held
office many public
improvements have
been made, and the
reputation of the city
as a business centre
has been more than
maintained. As a
speaker, Air. Graves is well known, and is in demand at
gatherings of every kind. Air. Graves has never become
closely identified with social or secret organizations, pre
ferring his home circle to those gatherings when freed
from the cares of business and official life. In his capa
city as member of the School Board of Fitchburg he was
enabled to accomplish much for the cause of education
in the city, and in the higher position to which he was
called he rendered greater services to the municipality.

FITCHBURG.

411

INSEPARABLY connected with the growth and pros
perity of Fitchburg, both during the past twenty-
five years and for many years to come, is Hon. Rodney
Wallace, who is widely known throughout the State and
the country. Mr. Wallace was born in New Ipswich,
N. H., sixty-nine years ago. His early days were spent
in his native State, and at the age of twelve years he
commenced life on his own account. Faithful to every
trust while filling the minor offices of life, he laid the
foundation for a pros
perous and honor
able business life,
and in early years
his employers
learned to place im
plicit trust in him.
When thirty years of
age Mr. Wallace set
tled in Fitchburg
and engaged in the
wholesale stationery,
paper and cotton
waste business, in
connection with the
late Stephen Shepley.
In 1865 the partner
ship was dissolved,
and with three asso
ciates he formed the
Fitchburg Paper
Company, becoming
sole proprietor in
1869. In addition
to his own business
undertakings M r .
Wallace has been
closely identified
with a number of
business projects,
helping in many
ways to further the interest of corporations, individuals
and the public generally, and in no small measure is
due to him a large share of the present growth and
prosperity of the city. At the present time Mr. Wal
lace is president of the Fitchburg Gas Company, a
director of the Putnam Machine Company, a director
of the Fitchburg National Bank, a director of the
Fitchburg Mutual Fire Insurance Company, a trustee of
the Fitchburg Savings Bank, a director of the Fitchburg

RODNEY WALLACE

Railroad, a director of the Parkhill Manufacturing
Company, and is also interested in many other enter
prises of value to the city. No man in the city is more
esteemed, honored or respected than Mr. Wallace, he
being considered on all sides as a public benefactor.
In every case where the honor, moral or material inter
ests of the city and its people are concerned, none is
more active than he, and to his counsel, aid and judg
ment the city is deeply indebted. His beautiful gift
to the city of a pub
lic library and art
building, costing
over eighty-four
thousand dollars,
is only one of the
evidences of his gen
erosity and public-
spirited nature. Al
though Mr. Wallace
has held many offices
of public trust, he
has never been re
garded as an office
seeker, and it was
only after repeated
requests that he al
lowed the use of his
name. He was a
selectman when
Fitchburg was a
town ; was a repre
sentative to the lower
branch of the Massa
chusetts Legislature
in 1873, and declined
a re-election, much to
the disappointment
of his fellow-citizens ;
he served three years
on the Governor's
Council and was member of the National House of
Representatives in the session of 1889-90, being
elected by an exceedingly flattering vote. Although he
could have been returned the following session without
a semblance of an effort, he declined a re-nomination.
His benevolence has endeared him to the hearts of his
fellow-citizens, who respect him for his integrity no less
than they admire the marvellous success of his career
as a public-spirited citizen.

412

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

ARTHUR H. LOWE, president of the Board of Trade,
the reputation of which extends to nearly every
State in the Union, is a typical Fitchburger, although
born in the neighboring State of New Hampshire. He
is a descendant of a family that made Ispwich, Mass.,
their home in colonial times. He was born in 1853,
and is one of seventeen children, who at this time
are all living, and went to Fitchburg when a mere child.
His education was received in the public schools, and
his first employer was
his father, who then
carried on a whole
sale meat and prod
uce business. In
1879, Mr. Lowe, in
conjunction with
John Parkhill and
Thomas R. B. Dole,
started the Parkhill
Manufacturing Com
pany with thirty
looms. To a con
siderable degree the
success of this now
vast plant is due to
him, and the little
mill of thirty looms
has grown to be the
third largest of its \i^k
kind in the country,
employing about
eleven hundred
hands, running about
two thousand looms
and paying out di
rectly and indirectly 1
to employees more
than ten thousand
dollars a week. At
various times during
the past ten years the plant has been enlarged to meet
the ever-increasing demand for the firm's goods, and the
company now occupies over six acres of floor space.
Mr. Lowe fills the position of treasurer and manager,
having been elected in 1883. In 1885 he organized
the Cleghorn Mills Company, and the building of the
Cleghorn Mill has been the chief cause of the growth
of the section of the city, which during the past six
years has sprung up as if by the aid of a magician's

ARTHUR H. LOWE

wand. Six years ago scarcely a house covered the
ground now known as the Daniels District; to-day there
are over two hundred houses, a church, large school-
house, three large factories and two more under course
of erection. Another ornament to the same section of
the city is the Onwell Mills, an industry which is in a con
siderable measure due to his efforts and enterprise. The
Mitchell Mills, another prosperous and rapidly increasing
concern, is largely owing to his interest and foresight.
Chief among the
industrial ornaments
of the southern part
of the city are the
large and handsome
car shops of the
Fitchburg Railroad.
These works were
secured for this city
in 1888, although
several other places
were making strenu
ous efforts to get the
valuable prize for
themselves. It is
acknowledged on all
sides that solely ow
ing to the admirable
work o f Mr. Lowe
and Hon. Rodney
Wallace this valuable
acquisition to the
city's commercial
and business life is
due. Mr. Lowe's
public spirit and
pride in his home
are seen by the fact
that he gave his time
gratis and one hun
dred and ten acres
of his and his brother's land for what they paid for it ten
years previously, when it was cheap. He also purchased
fifty acres more from a score of owners and turned it
over to the railroad company without a dollar of reward.
Mr. Lowe is a director in the Street Railway Company,
and in the Fitchburg National Bank, and a trustee in the
Fitchburg Savings Bank. He is also interested finan
cially in the Gas Company, the Fitchburg Steam Engine
Company and the Grant Yarn Company.

FITCHBURG.

413

FITCHBURG has the distinction of possessing the
only mill of its kind in the world. This is a mill
started in 1886 for the purpose of manufacturing by a
new and most ingenious process bicycle balls, screws,
pedal pins, axles, and many other articles which require
to be absolutely perfect to be of use. These articles
are manufactured by a rolling process, the invention of
George F. Simonds, the articles being moulded into
various forms, while rotating on their axles between
surfaces moving in
opposite directions.
The first use made
of the machinery
was the manufacture
o f spheres, armor-
piercing projectiles
and axles. At the
same time the ma
chinery was being
perfected by expen
sive experiments
which threatened to
exhaust the firm's re
sources. During the
first few years of its
existence, the strug
gle was hard and it is
only within a compar
atively short period
that it has reached a
paying basis. The
present general man
ager of this enterprise
is George W. Wey
mouth, and to his
able management
during the past two
years is due a great
portion of the suc
cess of the under
taking. Mr. Weymouth is a native of West Amesbury,
now Merrimac, and first went to Fitchburg in 1882.
Having learned the carriage-making business, he natu
rally fell into the same line and opened a carriage repos
itory at No. 457 Main Street. He soon began to be
recognized as a young man of more than average
ability, and his fellow-citizens were not long in calling
upon him to take a hand in public affairs. He was
elected to the Common Council, and at the expiration of

GEORGE W. WEYMOUTH

his term was singled out for a place in the aldermanic
chamber, which he, however, refused. His interest in
the prosperity and development of his adopted city was
not abating, however, and in 1890, when the Board of
Trade was revived, Mr. Weymouth became one of its
most active and enthusiastic workers. Shortly after,
Air. Weymouth, Hon. Rodney Wallace and D. M.
Dillon, with the co-operation of E. M. Dickinson, sur
prised the whole State by inducing the Iver Johnson
Company of Wor
cester to abandon
their cramped quar
ters in that city and
remove to Fitch
burg. The move was
pronounced one of
the most surprising
and most skilfully
managed of recent
years, and resulted
in Fitchburg re
ceiving an advertise-
ment through out
New England that
has brought several
other important in
dustries within her
gates, every one of
which is doinga
prosperous and in
creasing business.
In less than ten years
from coming to
Fitchburg an entire
stranger, Mr. Wey
mouth has become a
director in the Fitch
burg National Bank,
general manager of
the now successful
Simonds Rolling Mill Company, a director in the Wor
cester Society, of the ^Etna Life Insurance Company,
the Board of Trade, and a member of the Board of
Trustees of the Fitchburg Savings Bank. He was also
one of the promoters of the Fitchburg & Leominster
Street Railway and is a director of the corporation.
Mr. Weymouth is also a stockholder in the Wachusett
National Bank and the Fitchburg Gas Company. He
is recognized as a successful business man.

414

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

DAVID M. DILLON is a native of St. John, N.
B., and has lived in the United States since 1859.
He learned the boiler-making trade in his native city,
and has been in that business all his life. Mr. Dillon
made Fitchburg his home in 1870, moving there from
Worcester, where he had been carrying on the boiler-
making business about five years. In 1863 he entered
the United States service, and for a year, during the
war, was engaged repairing government transports at
Port Royal. Mr.
Dillon was the first
man to succeed in
making boilers of
steel, which he ac
complished in 1874,
although the idea was
scorned b y makers
generally. The r e -
suit was that those
who had scoffed at
and ridiculed his idea
as impracticable
found themselves
compelled to follow
his lead in order to
protect themselves
and their trade. At
the present time Mr.
Dillon's works turn
out boilers which find
a market in every
State in the Union,
and are also exported
to Alexico and South
America. He was
the first man to ship
American boilers to
Japan. Through his
interest many orders
have come to Fitch
burg and other cities. The increase of his business has
necessitated the employment of more men each year, and
several years ago he had to move into quarters specially
prepared for his use. While conducting a large and
exacting business, Mr. Dillon has ever been alert to the
public needs of his adopted home. Reluctantly he
obeyed a call to take part in the deliberations of the
city fathers, and almost in defiance of his will he was
twice elected on the aldermanic board. His course in

that body was marked by its strict integrity, rigid ad
herence to law and conscientious and eminently able
administration of aldermanic functions. His liberal yet
strictly business-like course in every public matter made
him one of the most popular aldermen the city ever
had, and earned for him the respect and admiration of
all, opponents included. As a prime mover and ener
getic worker in the Board of Trade, his work will never
be forgotten. The numerous valuable business acquisi-
tions and various
moves of a progres
sive character, inau
gurated during the
past two years, have
found in him an ad
herent strong and
efficient. His judg
ment and advice are
sought by all his as
sociates in that body,
and his determina
tion and devotion to
every project having
any prospect of rev
enue for the public
finds him foremost
in the ranks. To
him in a very consid
erable amount is due
the praise of adding
to the city's indus
tries the Iver John
son Works, formerly
o f Worcester. Mr.
Dillon is a strong ad
vocate of co-opera-
t i v e banks, which
have been a source
of great advantage to
the masses of the
people in building and acquiring homes of their own.
His plain and outspoken expressions of opinion stamp
him as a man of much force of character and deter
mination of will. Air. Dillon is a stockholder in all the
recent new enterprises started in Fitchburg. His per
sistence in the face of apparently insurmountable
obstacles, until he was enabled to give to the world the
steel boiler, stamps him as a man of a strong mind,
scientific in cast.

DAVID L. DILLON

FITCHBURG.

415

CHARLES C. STRATTON, of the Sentinel Printing
Company, Fitchburg, is a son of the late Thomas
Stratton, a leading farmer and citizen of Fairiee, Vt.,
who represented his native town in the State Legislature
and held other positions of trust. Charles C. Stratton's
early education was obtained at the district school of
Fairiee, supplemented by a course at the academy at
Thetford Hill. He remained at home until the fall of
1846, when he went to Haverhill, N. H., and entered
the office of the
Democratic R cp ub-
lican, which was then
published by the late
Hon. John R. Re
ding. After com
pleting his regular
apprenticeship at the
printer's trade, he
gave up his situation
in Haverhill to accept
one in Newbury, Vt.,
and worked for a
time in the office of
the Aurora of the
Valley. Then he
went to Boston and
found employment
in the Franklin
Printing House ,
going from there to
New York, where he
worked in the office
of the Methodist
Book Concern. In
September, 1854, he
went to Fitchburg,
and ever since then
has been connected
with the Sentinel
office, with the ex
ception of a few months, when he was with the Second
Massachusetts Cavalry, and in the Christian Commission
at City Point, Va. In Alarch, 1867, he purchased a half
interest in the office, and a few years later he recognized
and urged the importance of publishing a daily paper
in Fitchburg. With this object in view the partnership
with John E. Kellogg was formed in the spring of 1873,
and the first number of the Daily Sentinel was issued on
the 6th of the following May. Results prove that the

%#»

CHARLES C. STRATTON

time had come for such a venture. The Weekly Sentinel
in 1838 was four pages, 19 x 36, and in 1839 was
enlarged to 20 x 38; in 1845, it was again enlarged to
24 x 34 ; in 1853, to twenty-eight columns, later to thirty-
two columns, and in 1890 was changed from a blanket
sheet of thirty-six columns to an eight-page sheet of
forty-eight columns. The Daily Sentinel was started
May 6, 1873, as a four-page sheet, 21 x 30; in October,
1881, it was enlarged to 23 x 35 ; in September, 1885,
to 25 x 39 ; in Oc-
tober, 1886, to
27 x 44, in July,
1890, to eight pages,
double its size at the
start ; and in Decem
ber, 1892, to an
eight-page paper of
seven columns each,
printed on a perfect
ing press. The Sen
tinel has proved an
important factor in
the development of
Fitchburg, and was
never more prosper
ous than at the pres
ent time. The office
is in one of the finest
buildings in the city,
and possesses excel
lent facilities for
printing of all kinds.
Air. J. E. Kellogg is
associated with Mr.
Stratton in business,
and together they
have made the Sen
tinel one of the vig
orous and influential
papers of Central
Massachusetts. They have been firm believers in the
great possibilities of Fitchburg as a manufacturing
centre, and have lent the weight of the Sentinel's influ
ence and large circulation to every movement that has
had for its object the development of Fitchburg's
resources. Hence the Sentinel, both daily and weekly,
has grown with the growth and prospered with the pros
perity of the thriving inland city, with whose interests
it is thoroughly identified.

M

ALDEN in 1629 was a wilderness. Ralph Sprague and his brethren, who had recently landed at Salem,
were the early pioneers. Its inhabitants were a remnant of the once powerful tribe of the Patuckets. In
1634 an allotment of land in parcels of five acres was made to new-comers, whose village belonged to Charlestown.
In 1636 a commission set up boundaries, a part of which are still recognized. Settlers increased, and in 1640
a dam was built and a mill established. John Greenland took up his residence there, and Joseph Hills, who was a
landholder in 1638, and his son-in-law, John Wayte, were leading men. In 1643 came William Sargeant, a
"haberdasher" and a preacher, and for two hundred years his descendants possessed his lands. Settlers increased
and pushed their way northward up the valley between Mount Prospect and the western hills. In 1640 the penny
ferry was established across the Mystic River to Charlestown, and in 1653 a "new way" was laid out, and its wind
ings from Chelsea line to the Reading ponds may still be traced.
The town was incorporated in 1649. The first legislator was Joseph Hills, who had been speaker of the
House of Deputies, and who had revised the Massachusetts laws. Mr. Hills came from Maldon, in Essex, Eng
land, and it is supposed that in compliment to him the town received its new name. For more than one hundred
years, however, it has been spelled Maiden. Joseph Hills was chosen its first deputy, and John Wayte was the first
town clerk. Thomas Squire, William Brackenbury, John Upham, John Wayte and Thomas Caule were the first
selectmen. Here began, for the inhabitants of Maiden, the form of local self-government initiated in 1633 by the
inhabitants of Charlestown, the parent town of the colony.
In 167 1 the first public school was maintained at the charge of the town, and the town then embraced the
new city of Everett and the town of Melrose. Maiden shared in the gloom and insanity which spread the charge
of witchcraft against some of its inhabitants, and there was much strife in the churches. It also shared in the
sacrifices of the Revolutionary War. Slavery had existed in Maiden in a patriarchal form.
In 1787 the bridge over the Mystic River was formally opened. In 1837 the population had increased to
2,300, and manufacturing was carried on to the extent of £350,000 per annum. At that time lines of omnibuses
connected the town with Boston until 1845, when the Boston & Maine Railroad was opened up. In 1850 the
population was 3,520, not including 1,260 souls who were set off the previous year with the town of Melrose.
The opening of the railroad and the cheapness of land gave birth to various enterprises, which were more
or less successful. A tract of land on the west bank of the river and a tract of land on the highlands were laid out
for building and business purposes, and great inducements were offered to purchasers. On a portion of this prop
erty has grown up the district of Edgeworth, where are now located the extensive factories of the Boston Rubber
Shoe Company, Webster & Co.'s tanneries, and Vaughn's box factory. The products of these industries amount
to more than $3,000,000 per year. The honor of Maiden was upheld in the late Rebellion, the town sending six
hundred men, who bore their part manfully in that terrible struggle for the maintenance of right. In 1877 a
portion of Medford, comprising about two hundred acres of land with one hundred inhabitants, was annexed to
Maiden. Its greatest length from east to west is about three miles, and its average width about one and one-half
miles. Maiden has several lines of horse and electric railways and two steam railroads, with upwards of one
hundred and fifty trains to and from Boston daily.
In 1861 the population was 5,865, and the valuation was $3,365,101. In 1870 Everett was set off, leaving
Maiden with 7,370 inhabitants and a valuation of $4,999,272. At the present time the valuation is nearly $20,-
000,000 and the population is over 30,000.
Maiden has some of the finest schools and churches in New England, and it has a public library second to
none in the State, which was the gift of Hon. Elisha S. Converse. A public hospital has also recently been built,
and Air. Converse generously gave the city the land and $20,000 for this project. Maiden is a thriving and grow
ing city, and will soon have a population of 50,000.

MAIDEN.

4'7

JAMES PIERCE, the mayor of Maiden in 1892, was
born in Medford, Jan. 20, 1837. In April of that
year, when he was less than three months old, his parents
moved to Woburn, where his boyhood was spent. At the
age of sixteen he left home and went to Lowell to learn
the retail dry goods business. On March 1, 1858, he
left Lowell and came to Boston, where he became sales
man in a dry goods store on Tremont Row. At this
time he took up his residence in Maiden, and has re
sided there ever
since. In 1861 he
went into the retail
dry goods business,
having at one time
three stores in Bos
ton, one in Lowell
and one in Maiden.
In 187 1 he sold out
his dry goods busi
ness, and engaged in
the manufacture o f
buff leather, and has
continued in that
business ever since,
having at the present
time one of the best
tannery plants in the
country, which he
had built at Olean,
N. Y. His Boston
office is at No. 143
Summer Street, cor
ner of South Street.
Mr. Pierce has been
highly respected by
his fellow- citizens of
Alalden, both under
a town and city gov
ernment. Under the
town government he
served on the Board of Selectmen, and was one of the
road commissioners for five years. In 1876 he was
elected one of the sinking-fund commissioners, which
office he holds up to the present time. His fellow-
citizens honored him in 1866 by sending him to the
Legislature, and by re-electing him the following year.
He was again elected to the Legislature in 1875. In
1870 and 1871 he was one of the senators from Middle
sex County, and he served on important committees.

JAMES PIERCE.

He was afterwards appointed one of the inspectors of
the State Prison for four years and nine months. Under
the city form of government he was a councilman from
Ward Five for the first nine years. He was the first
president of the council, and of his nine years of ser
vice in that body he was president seven years. As
president of the council he was zealously watchful of the
finances of the city, and no man in Maiden was so well
posted on the finances of the city as Mr. Pierce, and
the solid financial
standing of the city
at the present time
is due in no small
measure to his skill
as a financier in the
expenditures as well
as in the making of
appropriations. H e
is one of the direc
tors o f the Boston
Belting Company,
and a director of the
Freeman's National
Bank of Boston, the
National Bank of
Boston, and of the
First National Bank
of Maiden. For
many years he has
been connected with
the Maiden Savings
Band as trustee and
vice-president, and
since 1887 has been
i t s president. He
has been a member
of the Standing Com
mittee of the Baptist
Church Society for
several years, serving
often as its chairman. At the present time he is chair
man of the Middlesex Republican Committee, and of
the Sixth Middlesex District Senatorial Committee.
Air. Pierce is well known all over the Commonwealth as
an honorable citizen and a man of the strictest integ
rity. The numerous positions of public trust that he
has held, and his high standing in the manufacturing
and financial circles of the Commonwealth, are striking
evidences of his ability.

4i8

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

HENRY WINN, who has just been elected mayor
of the city of Maiden at the age of fifty-four, was
born in Whitingham, Vt., and was graduated at Yale in
1859. He studied law in the Harvard Law School and
in the office of Attorney-General Foster, and was ad
mitted to the bar at the age of twenty-two. The next
year he was assistant to the attorney-general, in whose
absence he had .entire charge of the business of the
office, and the heads of the departments at the State
House wrote to
Charles Sumner:
" His judgment and
ability have been re
lied upon in the de
cision of such legal
questions as have
.arisen in any of the
departments." Gov
ernor Andrew wrote :
" He has extremely
well performed the
duties of his office.
At twenty-three he
was made clerk of
the Committee on
Foreign Relations of
the United States
Senate, and as such
drafted bills passed
by Congress." Air.
Sumner wrote of him,
that he had per
formed his work ably
and s at i sfac to-
rily, and commended
him to the regards of
good men, and said :
" I add my convic
tion that he will suc
ceed because he de
serves to succeed." While with the attorney-general he
originated, at the request of a legislative committee, a
new method of taxing savings banks, which was adopted
and became the foundation of the present system of
taxing corporations in Alassachusetts. Mr. Winn left
his office with a letter of the adjutant-general to raise a
regiment in Western Alassachusetts. 'Phis regiment be
came the Fifty-second Alassachusetts Volunteers, and
he served as major. When under fire at Port Hudson

HENRY WINN

his gallantry was conspicuous, and he was recommended
for promotion by the generals of his brigade and divi
sion. After his service he did not resume his profession
at once, but entered business, as he said, to make some
money first and then practise. He succeeded, but lost
it, while living in New York, through the wreck of a
steamship he owned in the Caribbean. After returning
to Massachusetts he served in the lower branch of the
Legislature in 1877, receiving every vote but eight in
his district. The next
year he was elected
to the State Senate,
receiving the largest
majority ever given
a candidate for the
office in the Frank
lin County District.
While in the Senate
he was chairman of
every committee on
which he served, and
the bills drafted or
reported by him in
one of the sessions
amounted to more
than one seventh of
the whole volume of
laws. In 1887 he
left Franklin County
to practise his pro
fession in Boston,
making his home in
Maiden in 1SS9. Dis
gusted vvith the use
of money by public
men to secure place,
and the opposition
of his party to his
and other proposals,
he has recently joined
the People's party, with the hope of starting a reform
party on economic lines, and was the candidate for gov
ernor in the campaign of 1892. His opinions on the
subject of taxation carry great weight, and have been
adopted in various laws of this and other States. Mr.
Winn is noted as a profound and original thinker, and
when aroused is a powerful public speaker. He has
amply fulfilled the prediction made concerning him
many years ago by Charles Sumner,

MALDEN.

419

ELISHA SLADE CONVERSE, the third son of Elisha
and Betsey (Wheaton) Converse, was born in
Needham, Mass., July 28, 1820. When he was four
years of age his parents removed to Woodstock, Conn.
Spending his childhood there, under the wholesome
restraint and kindly influences of New England rural
life, he was trained in habits of industry and integrity,
and in the essentials of an English education. In his
thirteenth year he was sent to Boston, that he might
have the advantage of
its superior schools.
He remained there
until sixteen years of
age when he returned
home. During the
next three years he
learned the trade of a
clothier, and when
nineteen years old he
engaged in that busi-
ness on his own
account in the village
of Thompson, Conn.,
continuing there five
years. In 1844 he
again went to Boston,
where he made a
change to the whole
sale shoe and leather
trade. The business
was new to him, but
he soon familiarized
himself with all its
details, and during
his connection with
it the reputation and
success of the firm
became well es
tablished. In 1847
he removed his place
of residence to Stoneham, Alass., and in 1849 to Maiden,
where he has ever since resided. In 1853 he accepted
the office of treasurer of the Maiden Manufacturing
Company. Early in 1855 this company's corporate
name was changed to that of the Boston Rubber Shoe
Company, when, by the earnest solicitation of the
directors, he was induced to relinquish his previous
business, and, in addition to the office of treasurer, to
assume that of buying and selling agent, These offices

ELISHA S. CONVERSE

he has held to the present time, and the direction and
control of all operations, both of the factories and stores
of this immense concern, have been unreservedly in
trusted to his care. Air. Converse is also actively in
terested in very many other enterprises, which have the
benefit of his business sagacity and experience. He is
president of the First National Bank of Maiden, of the
Rubber Manufacturers' Mutual Insurance Company, of
the Maiden Hospital and of the Standard Stave and
Cooperage Company,
director of the Ex
change National
Bank of Boston, trus
tee of the Five Cent
Savings Bank, of the
Maiden Public Li
brary, of the Soldiers'
Home, and a mem
ber of the Board of
Trustees of Wellesley
College. He has
served the Common
wealth two years
(1878-79) in the
House of Repre
sentatives and two
years (1880-81)
in the Senate. In
1882, when Maiden
had been incor
porated as a city, he
was, by universal
acclaim, awarded the
honor of serving as
its first mayor. His
administration gave
general satisfaction
to the citizens, re
gardless of party.
M r. Converse isa
successful business man, active in thought, untiring in
work and conservative in method. He was, on the 4th
of September, 1845, married to Mary D. Edmunds,
daughter of Captain Hosea and Ursula Edmunds, of
Thompson. Their children are : Frank Eugene (de
ceased), Mary Ida (wife of Costello C. Converse),
Harry Elisha and Frances Eugenia. The church con
nections of Mr. Converse are with the First Baptist
Society of Maiden,

420

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

JOSEPH FURNALD WIGGIN, son of Joshua and
Dorothy (Furnald) Wiggin, has served four years
as mayor of Maiden. He was born in Exeter, Rock
ingham County, N. H., March 30, 1838. His element
ary education was received in the common schools of
Exeter. He then spent three years in Phillips Exeter
Academy and fitted there to enter college one year in
advance of the regular course. Instead of going to college
he entered the Harvard Law School and remained there
one year. He then
studied law in the
office of Hon. Wil
liam W. Stickney, of
Exeter, N. H., and
was admitted to the
bar in Rockingham
County, N. H., in
1862. He practised
law in Epping, N. H.,
one year, when he
removed to Exeter,
and practised there
until 1880. He then
moved to Afalden,
where he now resides.
He is at the head of
the law firm of Wig-
gin & Fernald, with
an office on State
Street, Boston. He
was married in Mil
ton, July 6, 1868,
to Ruth Hurd,
daughter of Thomas
and Deborah C.
(Allen) HoUis. Of
this union were ten
children, of whom
nine are now living :
Ruth H., Joseph,
Thomas H., Deborah A., Walter, Alargaret E., Harry,
J. HoUis and Helen Wiggin. From 1871 to 1876 Mr.
Wiggin was judge of probate for Rockingham County,
and in 1877 he was appointed one of the commissioners
to compile and revise the public statutes of the State of
New Hampshire. Soon after coming to Alalclen, Judge
Wiggin began to take an active interest in the welfare
and progress of the city, and although he sought no pub
lic or political office, his services were soon in demand,

JOSEPH F. WIGGIN

and in 1885 he was elected a member of the School
Board. As member of this board he took a most active
interest in, and exerted a strong influence upon, the edu
cational affairs of the city. He was re-elected to the
School Board the following year and in 1887 was chair
man of the board. While holding this important posir
tion he was nominated at the Citizens' Convention for
the highest office in the gift of the city, and he was
elected mayor by an almost unanimous vote. As mayor
of the city he man
aged its affairs with
such prudence as to
win the respect and
confidence of all
classes of the city,
and more especially
of the taxpayers, be
cause of his financial
ability and his con
servatism in the ex
penditure of the ap
propriations. H i s
administration was
warmly endorsed
by the leading citi
zens, and he was re
nominated and re
elected the three
following years with
out opposition, mak
ing four years that
he served the city as
chief magistrate,
which is two terms
more than any of the
previous mayors had
served. Under his
prudent administra
tion the city has in
creased rapidly in
population and wealth, the population having increased
from eighteen thousand to nearly thirty thousand.
Judge Wiggin, soon after retiring from the office of
mayor was elected city solicitor, and the city is still
enjoying the benefit of his valuable experience and
conservative judgment. There is not a more popular
man in Maiden than he, and his services are always at
the disposal of his fellow-citizens in connection with
any movement that affects the interests of the city.

MAIDEN.

42 1

M'

Betsey AI. Coggan, was born in Bristol, Lincoln
County, Ale., in 1847. He followed the sea at an early
age, attending a district school during the winter terms.
When sufficiently advanced he became a student in
Lincoln Academy, New Castle, Ale., where, by teaching
in the winter and going to sea in the summer, he was
enabled to prepare himself for entering Bowdoin Col
lege, where he was graduated vvith honor in 1872. He
distinguished himself
as a student, and
graduated as class
orator. The same
energy and persever
ance which enabled
him, in spite of diffi
culties, to procure a
collegiate education,
have characterized all
his subsequent career.
After graduation he
filled the position of
principal of Nichols
Academy, Dudley,
Alass., and at the
same time served as
a member of the
Schoo 1 Boar d for
three years in that
town. He studied
law in the office of
Child & Powers, Bos
ton, was admitted to
the Suffolk bar in
1 88 1, and entered
upon the practice of
law in the office of
the firm vvith whom
he had studied, re
maining vvith them
until 1886, when he formed a partnership with William
Schofield, under the name of Coggan & Schofield.
Prosperity attended the new firm, and Mr. Coggan
built up a lucrative practice, which has steadily increased
from year to year. Air. Coggan became a resident of
Alalden in 1879, and at once took an active part in the
local benevolent and social organizations of the city.
For four years he was a member of the School Com
mittee, one year acting as chairman. In 1884 he was

MARCELLUS COGGAN

an independent candidate for mayor of Maiden, and
was defeated only by a small majority. The following
year, however, he was elected mayor of that city on an
independent ticket, and his official career was indorsed
by a unanimous re-election the following year. He was
held in high esteem as mayor of the city, and his official
acts were independent of partisanship, his sole aim
being to give the city a clean and efficient administra
tion which should be and was beneficial to all the citi-
zens of Maiden.
Since his retirement
from the office of
mayor, Mr. Coggan
has devoted himself
exclusively to his ex
tensive law practice,
but he still takes an
active interest in mu
nicipal affairs, in 1892
ably advocating the
election of the inde
pendent ticket as
against the present
administration. Mr.
Coggan has won con
siderable renown as
a lawyer in connec
tion vvith the famous
Trefethen murder
case, in which Ex-
Governor Long is as
sociated vvith him.
Trefethen was found
guilty of murder in
the first degree, al
though his counsel
made an admirable
defence. Afr. Cog
gan has been untiring
in his efforts to se
cure a new trial, and has recently finally succeeded, and
the case will come up for trial again, when Air. Coggan
will present new evidence going to show his client's
innocence. Air. Coggan was married in 1872 to LueUa
B., daughter of C. C Robins, of Bristol, Ale. They
have three children, Sumner, Linus Child and Florence
Lambert Coggan. As an able advocate, and as a public-
spirited citizen, Mr. Coggan enjoys the esteem of the
community in which he lives.

42 2

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

WILLIAM B. DE LAS CASAS is one of the
young men who have put new blood into the
Democratic party of Massachusetts. Both from his
father and his mother he inherits his patriotic interest
in public affairs. His father was exiled from Spain for
taking part in a revolution to secure constitutional
liberty in 1820, and his mother was descended from
one of the sons of the Earl of Essex. His paternal
grandfather was a brother of Judge Story's grandfather.
Mr. de las Casas was
born March 3, 1857,
in Maiden, in the
house in which he 1
still lives. He was
educated in the pub
lic schools of Maiden
and at Harvard Col
lege, from which he
graduated in 1879.
He taught mathe
matics two years at
Trinity School,
Tivoli-on-the- Hud
son, and then took a
course at the Har
vard Law School,
graduating in 1884.
After one year in the
law office of R. D.
Smith, in Boston, he
opened his present
office at No. 40
Water Street. While
in the law school he
began to develop and
build up one of the
most beautiful por
tions of Alalden in a
way which at once
won him a reputa
tion for energy, taste and judgment. At the same time
he displayed deep interest in civil service reform as
secretary of the Alalden Association, and soon after as
a member of the executive committee of the Massachu
setts League and of the general committee of the
National League, which positions he still holds. Llntil
1884 he was a Republican, but in that year, as secre
tary of the Maiden Republican and Independent Club,
and on the stump, he worked for Mr. Cleveland's elec-

WILLIAM B. DE LAS CASAS

tion. In 1890 he was chairman of the executive com
mittee of the Maiden Democratic City Committee,
which secured the election of a Democratic representa
tive in the Legislature for the first time in eighteen
years. At the same time he was chairman of the Sixth
Congressional District Committee, which managed Dr.
William Everett's brilliant campaign against Hon. Henry
Cabot Lodge, and reduced the latter's plurality of 5,295,
in 1888, to 1 ,040, — less than a majority. The next year
he was nominated
for the Governor's
Council, and won
great praise for his
plucky though unsuc
cessful campaign in
a strongly R e p u b -
lican district. He is
frequently a delegate
to Democratic con
ventions, and in
many other ways is
at the front of Demo
cratic party move
ments. Mr. de las
Casas has occupied
many positions of
trust, and has given
largely of his time
to the public as
warden of St. Paul's
Episcopal Church, as
trustee and member
of the Building Com
mittee of the Maiden
Hospital, and in
other ways. He is
also a member of
the Union Club in
Boston, the First
Corps of Cadets, the
Young Men's Democratic Club, the Reform Club, the
Executive Council of the Episcopalian Club of Massa
chusetts, and of the New York Reform Club. In 1892
Governor RusseU appointed him to the Metropolitan
Park Commission, charged with the important work of
reporting on the opportunity and means of preserving
for the people open spaces of unusual natural beauty or
usefulness in the neighborhood of Boston. He has trav
elled widely, and is very fond of Spanish literature.

MALDEN.

423

HOLLIS RANDALL GRAY was born in the town
of Westbrook, Me. (now called Deering), Dec.
6, 1836. His father removing to Boston soon after, he
was educated in the public schools there. On leaving
school in 1853, he entered the employ of W. P. B.
Brooks, furniture dealer, Boston, where he remained
until 1 86 1. He then accepted a position as inspector
in the Boston Custom House. Inheriting an inclination
for public life, he early entered the arena of politics as
a stanch Republican.
At the age of twenty-
one he was elected
clerk of Ward Twelve,
Boston, in which
capacity he served
during the years
1858, 1859 and
i860. In the latter
year he was elected
a member of the
Common Council,
in which body he
served his ward and
the city with energy
and faithfulness, and
would have been re
elected, but he de
clined a re-nomina
tion to accept an
appointment in the
Boston Custom
House. In 1867
Mr. Gray resigned
his position in the
Custom House to
establish himself in
the furniture busi
ness, which he still
carries on at Nos.
38 and 40 Washing
ton Street, Boston. He was again elected a member
of the Common Council of Boston, and served during
the years 1868, 1869 and 1870. He was a candidate
for alderman in 1870, and for the Legislature in 1876
and 1878. In 1870 he was elected a member of the
Water Board, and did valuable service in that capacity
for the city. He became a resident of Maiden in 1880,
and immediately identified himself with the interests of
the town. His experience in the Common Council of

HOLLIS R. GRAY

Boston served him to good effect when he was elected
to the Common Council of Maiden from Ward Four,
in 1885. After serving in that body one year, his abil
ity and deep interest in the welfare of the city were
recognized, and he was elected by a large majority to
represent Ward Four in the Board of Aldermen, and he
was re-elected the two following years. While alderman
he was a member of the commission on the increased
supply of water from Eaton's Wells, which source is
now supplying nearly
the entire city. Al
though a strong Re
publican in politics,
he has always worked
hard for the best in
terests of the public
without regard to
party, and thereby
earned a reputation
for courage, fidelity
and independence.
Socially, Mr. Gray is
held in high esteem,
and has hosts of
friends all over the
State. He is a
prominent Freema
son, being a past
master of St. Paul's
Lodge of South Bos
ton, where he took
his degrees in 1859.
He still retains his
membership in this
lodge. He is also a
member of the Royal
Arch Chapter of the
Tabernacle, and of
Beauseant Com
mandery of Maiden.
Mr. Gray has been frequently mentioned as a good man
for mayor of Maiden, and his friends claim that if he
desires such an honor that he can have it within a few
years. Though the demands of his business are such as
to require nearly all his time and energies, Mr. Gray
nevertheless continues to take a deep interest in all the
municipal affairs of Maiden, and belongs to that class of
useful, public-spirited citizens who are the backbone of
the State.

424

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

LORIN LOVEJOY FULLER, son of David C. and
Maria (Lovejoy) Fuller, was born in Readfield,
Me., Jan. 25, 1826 ; he obtained his early education in
the public schools of his native State. In the spring of
1839 he came to Boston, and in 1845 began business
on his own account as carpenter and builder. For
forty-five years he has been a builder in and around
Boston and to some extent a dealer in real estate. For
a number of years he resided in Melrose, Mass., which
town he represented
in the Legislature of
1859. In i860 he
moved to Maiden,
where he now re
sides ; he served as
alderman during the
first year of the or
ganization of the
Maiden city govern
ment and was mayor
of the city in 1884
and 1885 and again
alderman in 1887.
His administrations
of the municipal
government were
thoroughly business
like and able, and
added no little to
his popularity. He

was one of the first
members of the
Water Commis
sioners and contin
ued on the board for
ten years. He has
been a member of
the Industrial Aid
Society from its or-
ganization to the
present time and is also an active member of the
Maiden Improvement Association. At the time of the
separation of Everett from Maiden he was chairman of
the committee for the adjustment and dividing of the
township property, and his able and satisfactory negotia
tions gained for him the respect and esteem of his
fellow-citizens. He was one of the starters and pro
moters of the Masonic institutions at Alelrose, and has
to the present time taken a continued and active inter-

LORIN L. FULLER.

est in all that pertained to the order. He was one of
the charter members of Wyoming Lodge, Waverly
Royal Arch Chapter, Alelrose Council and Hugh De
Payen Commandery, and was the first commander of the
above commandery. In politics he is a conservative
Democrat, always taking a deep interest in all that
pertained to the welfare and prosperity of the country,
but never acting the partisan, or being influenced by
any mere party considerations. During the war of the
Rebellion, Mr. Fuller
took an earnest and
active part in aiding
and providing for the
soldiers, and was
chairman of the
committee to pro
vide for and look
after Company K of
Maiden, and on the
departure of this
company for the
South he presented
the officers with side-
arms and revolvers.
Air. Fuller was mar
ried in Sebec, Me.,
Nov. 8, 1 85 2, to
Lucy P., daughter of
John J. and Lydia
Brown Lovejoy;
they have four chil-
dren, — Henry L.,
M. Louise, Everett
L . and L . Alma
Fuller, all now living.
Mrs. Fuller died
April 11, 1886. Mr.
F u 1 1 e r w a s again
married at Maiden,
June 26, 1889, to Mrs.
Annie W. Hornsby, daughter of Thomas and Lydia
Stewart, of Hartland, Ale. Air. Fuller still takes an
active interest in the progress and welfare of the city,
and was chairman of the building committee of the
Alalden Hospital, and his knowledge and experience as
a builder were of great benefit to the city in this con
nection. He is still hale and vigorous and may reason
ably expect many years more of active usefulness in
public and private life.

MAIDEN.

425

CLARENCE O. WALKER, chairman of the Mai
den Board of Aldermen, was born in Portsmouth,
N. H., Oct. 30, 1848, and was educated in the public
schools of that place. He became a resident of Maiden
in 1877, and since then he has taken a great interest in
the welfare and prosperity of the city. His substantial
home is in Ward Three, the wealthiest ward in the city, and
ever since his residence in Maiden he has been known
as an energetic man of business, honorable and upright
in all his dealings.
In the business and
political, as well as in
the social and relig
ious life of Alalden,
Mr. Walker wields a
healthy influence, and
is very popular among
his wide circle of
friends and acquaint
ances. His immense
business absorbed his
attention the first ten
years of his residence
in Maiden, so that he
had but little time to
devote to public
office. In 1889,
however, the citizens
of his ward elected
him to represent them
in the Common Coun -
cil. His faithful and
efficient service was
appreciated, and he
was re-elected the
following year. His
two years as council
man gave him a valu
able experience in
the affairs of the city.
The citizens of his ward wanted him to serve them in the
upper branch of the city government, and he was elected
alderman without opposition. He was again elected
alderman, and his fellow-members of the board, recog
nizing his worth, elected him chairman, in which capac
ity he always presides with dignity and ability. He is
chairman of five important committees of the city gov
ernment. He is a member of the committees on Police,
Fuel, Fire Department, Printing and Accounts. Within

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CLARENCE 0. WALKER
the past year Mr. Walker has been frequently mentioned
as the right kind of a man for mayor, and the prominent
citizens of the city agree that he would make a first-
class mayor, as he has all the requisites for that
honorable position. His friends claim that within a
few years, at least, he can have the office if he wants it.
Mr. Walker is recognized in social life as a man of
worth. He is a past master of the Mt. Vernon Lodge,
Free and Accepted Masons, chaplain of the Tabernacle
Chapter, and is a
member of the Beau-
seant Commandery,
Knights Templar.
He is also an active
member of the Young
Men's Christian As-
~v s o c i a t i o n, and a
deacon in the First
Congr e gat i onal
Church. He is prom
inent in Odd Fellow
ship, being one of
the leading members
of Middlesex Lodge.
Quiet and unostenta
tious, he has won the
esteem of his fellow-
associates in the va-
r i o u s organizations
with which he is con
nected, and all re
spect him as a man
of integrity and good
judgment. In relig
ious circles he is also
held in high esteem,
and he has ever
shown a willingness
to promote or help
any worthy project.
Mr. Walker is a member of the firm of J. Albert Walker
& Co., wholesale coal dealers, with wharves in Boston
and Portsmouth, and business office at No. 70 Kilby
Street. He has a wife and three boys, and one of the
most comfortable homes in Maiden. Few men in Mai
den are more familiar vvith all the details of municipal
government than Mr. Walker, and few have performed
more conscientious and painstaking service in the cause
of good city government. His popularity is well merited.
426

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

ALFRED E. COX is one of the best-known men in
Alalden, and there is probably no man in that
city who has lived there even a year who has not heard
of "Al" Cox, as he is familiarly called. This is owing
to the fact that Mr. Cox has been actively interested
in every project of a public nature in which the interests
of the city are involved. He was born in Maiden,

Aug- 3L

3, his parents being Charles C. and Lucy

(Faulkner) Cox, both of whom are still living in Alal
den. He was edu
cated in the public
schools, and even as a
boy showed an active
interest in the affairs
of the town, being a
frequent attendant at
the lively town meet
ings which were held
twenty-five years ago.
In 1870 he entered
the service of the
Atlantic Works, East
Boston, and for sev
eral years past he
has been the treas
urer of that extensive
establishment. H e
was elected a mem
ber of the Board of
Selectmen in 1875,
and re-elected the
following year. He
has served on many
important town com
mittees, including
the Committee on the
Revision of the Town
By-laws, the com
mittees on Ceme
teries and Fire-alarm
Telegraph. He was elected a member of the School
Board in 1880, to fill a vacancy caused by the resigna
tion of a member, and at the next town election was
re-elected. For the year 1878 he served the town as
auditor. Air. Cox took a great interest in the city ques
tion, and was, in fact, the first citizen to make any-
practical move toward securing a charter, and he was
the leader of the forces which secured a favorable vote
for the change in the form of government, and he was a

ALFRED E. COX

member of the committee which prepared the city
charter. Since the organization of the city government
he has taken an active interest in all the important
questions which have come before the City Council, and
was elected street commissioner in 1883, which office
he filled one year. In December, 1883, he was elected
alderman at large, and was re-elected by an almost
unanimous vote the following year. Mr. Cox is an
ardent Republican, and is a great political organizer.
In Maiden it has
been generally con
ceded that the meas
ures and men in
which " Al" Cox be
came interested came
pretty near being
successful in most
instances. Every
body gives him credit
for having done a
vast amount of work
for the progress and
welfare of Maiden.
He is an able and
earnest debater, and
while serving as al
derman he did some
effective work, es
pecially as a member
of the Highway Com
mittee and the Com-
mittee on Street
Lights. He has also
been president of the
Common Council,
and is now one of the
street commission
ers, and the good
condition of Alal-
den's highways is in
no small measure due to his efforts. His friends claim
that he could have been mayor of Alalden at any time
within the past few years had he consented to allow his
name to be used. It is more than likely, however, that
he will consent to serve the city as mayor before many
years elapse. Pie is now spoken of as a probable suc
cessor to Henry Cabot Lodge. Mr. Cox has a beautiful
home in Maiden, where he lives happily with his wife
and nine children, five girls and four boys.

MALDEN.

427

EDWARD OTIS HOLMES, son of Rev. Otis
Holmes, was born in the old historic town of
Dorchester, Mass., Jan. 5, 1830, of an old family who
were early identified with its settlement. Both of his
grandfathers were engaged in throwing up the fortifica
tions upon Dorchester Heights," the night before the
expected attack by the British. His only brother is
Rev. H. Al. Holmes, a graduate of Amherst, residing
in Ayer, who is agent of the Christian Commission.
Mr. Holmes attended
school in Dorchester,
Mass., and at the
Franklin School, Bos
ton, until he was ten
years of age, when
his parents moved to
Gilmanton, N. H.
where he attended
the academy. He
fitted for college at
Sandwich Academy,
N. H., but having a
decided mechanical
turn of mind, at the
age of twenty he
turned his attention
to mechanics, more
particularly to grind
ing mills for cereals,
but finally to grind
ing and disinte
grating all kinds of
minerals, phosphates,
paints, spices, cocoas,
and in fact every
material which re
quired pulverizing,
grinding or redu
cing. After two years'
experience as work
man and superintendent of a milling establishment in
Boston, he bought it out, and in 1861 started life anew
as a manufacturer, and he soon increased the business
to twice its former proportions. In 1863 John W.
Blanchard became associated with him, and this partner
ship still exists. The business was increased and has,
until the present time, been one of the leading manu
factories of paint and grain mills, shafting, gearing, etc.,
in the country. Mr. Holmes has invented several useful

EDWARD 0. HOLMES.

machines and devices, some of which are patented, and
he has a high standing as an engineer. Soon after
attaining his majority he became a resident of Maiden,
where he now resides, having seen the town increase in
population from four thousand (including Everett) to
more than forty thousand, and the valuation from three
million to thirty million dollars. He holds quite an
amount of real estate, believing the investment better
than stocks of uncertain value, and far more secure.
He has always taken
a deep interest in the
welfare of the town
and city, and has held
many important
offices, being one of
the original projec
tors and commis
sioners for the con
struction of water
works. He was chair
man of the Board of
Selectmen, three
years a member of
the School Board, five
years in the city gov
ernment, and has re-
cently been ap
pointed on the Board
of Street Commis
sioners. Both as
councilman and al
derman he took an
active interest in all
measures that per
tained to the welfare
and prosperity of the
city, and the ability
displayed by him re
flected to his credit,
and he has often been
sent to represent his ward. He is a member of the
Alassachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, and
has several times been appointed on the Board of Judges.
His father is still living and is in his ninetieth year, and
there are in the family four living generations in regular
descent. In politics Air. Holmes has always been a
Republican, and has been chairman and secretary of
Republican committees and conventions. He is a promi
nent member of the First Congregational Church.

428

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

CHARLES F. SHUTE is a native of Maiden, and
was born June 17, 1838. He was educated in
the Alalden public schools and when a young man became
engaged in the leather business in Lynn, where he re
mained for several years. He subsequently went into
the milk trade in Maiden, and in this line has built up
an extensive business which he still carries on. Several
years ago he became interested in the ice business in
Alelrose with Air. Alclntyre, the firm being Shute &
Mclntyre. For a
number of years past
he has been an ex
tensive and success
ful dealer in real
estate, and has built
two substantial brick
blocks on Ferry
Street, which he still
owns. As a real estate
dealer he has done
much to build up
Ferry Street and
vicinity, and he has
become known as
one of Maiden's
substantial citizens.
When the subject of
changing from a town
to a city government
was first brought up,
twelve years ago, Air.
Shute was one of the
leading citizens who
took an active i n-
terestinthe question,
and he did his part
in bringing about
that result, which the
majority of Alalden
citizens now believe
to have been a most beneficial change. The city has
enjoyed remarkable prosperity since it received its
charter, and its government has in general been ably
administered. Maiden is one of the progressive munici
palities of the Commonwealth. When it came to se
lecting men from the various sections of the city to form
the first city government Air. Shute was unanimously
chosen to represent Ward One, where he then resided,
as one of the three councilmen from that section of the

¦

city. His first term in the Council gave entire satisfaction
to his constituents, and he was re-elected by a unanimous
vote. He performed good service for the city as coun
cilman and as an active member of the committees on
Finance, on Highways and Almshouse and Poor. After
two years in the Council he retired for a time from public
life, but he has ever since taken a most active interest
in the affairs of the city and in the promotion of its
welfare and prosperity. His efficient work as a member of
the Highways Com
mittee led to his
selection as one of ,
the street commis-
sioners,subsequently,
and in this capacity
he did excellent work
for the city. In the
fall of 1890, when it
came to select two
new men to repre
sent the city in the
lower branch of the
Massachusetts Legis
lature, he was unani
mously selected as
one of the men to
whom the honor was
due, and he was
elected by a large
majority. He was
re-elected for 1892,
and served on the
committees on
Finance and Expen
ditures, taking rank as
one of the most use
ful members of the
House. At the close
of the legislative
session he was
chosen as one of the members of the Legislature to
attend, with the governor of the State, the dedication of
the World's Fair buildings. In politics Air. Shute is an
ardent Republican, though he has never permitted his
public actions to be governed by any considerations of
mere partisanship. As street commissioner, as well as in
other capacities, Air. Shute has rendered the city valua
ble service. He was married in December, i860, and
has a wife and seven children.

CHARLES F. SHUTE.

CHICOPEE is one of the youngest cities in Massachusetts, having been admitted on Jan. i, 1891. It is one
of the most important industrial centres in the western part of the State, and is somewhat noted as the
home of Ex-Governor George D. Robinson. Although a city of between fifteen thousand and sixteen thousand
inhabitants, it is so near to Springfield, the metropolis of the Connecticut valley, that it loses some of the prestige
that it would otherwise receive. The city as now constituted consists of several flourishing villages, which are
still called by their old names : Chicopee Centre, Chicopee Falls and Willimansett. The Centre is situated on
the south bank of the Chicopee River at its confluence with the Connecticut River, three and a half miles north
of Springfield. Its mills and factories obtain water power from the first-named stream, a rapid water course which,
in the course of two or three miles, has a fall of seventy feet. The Falls section of the city is situated on both
sides of the Chicopee River, one and a half miles above its mouth, and five miles north of Springfield. A bridge
connects the two halves of the place, and pedestrians passing to and fro have a charming view of the river, of the
fall over the dam and of the rapids below, checked by another dam at a lower level. There is a great volume of
water power utilized by the numerous factories with which the city abounds. Willimansett is a small hamlet at
the northerly end of Chicopee Street, on the east side of the Connecticut River and opposite Holyoke. Its
interests are chiefly agricultural. The Connecticut River Railroad runs through the centre of the city, and a
branch extends up the river to Chicopee F'alls.
The city produces great quantities of machinery, bicycles, tricycles, sewing machines, locks, cutlery, bronze
statuary, cotton goods, etc. The city has excellent police and fire departments, is well lighted, and has the best
of streets. The public schools, supplemented with a free library, are first class and well attended. The evening
schools of Chicopee are probably the best in the State. Of the pupils attending the night schools there are two
hundred and seventy of all nations, and sixteen teachers are employed in their instruction. The distinction the
schools have attained is due to the fact that the city is so largely given over to manufacturing interests. It is here
more than anywhere else that all classes mingle, and all nationalities are brought in contact. According to the law,
it is compulsory that all illiterate minors who are employed during the day shall take advantage of the opportunity
offered by this means of education. Those who do not attend are expelled and deprived of their work during the
day at the factories or shops. The State commissioner of education has been pleased to commend the methods
and successes of the school work at Chicopee.
One remarkable feature of the place is the fact that it is probably the only city in the country that has no
newspaper. This is accounted for by the fact that it is connected so closely with Springfield by electric cars that the
residents prefer to rely upon the newspapers of the latter city for their news. Chicopee has a bank of discount —
the First National, which has a capital of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, and a surplus of over fifty thou
sand dollars — and two savings banks, which have a large number of depositors. The city, formerly called Cabot-
ville, takes its odd name from the river, the original of which was " Chickkuppy." It was at first a part of Spring
field, but as the settlement began to grow it withdrew into a settlement by itself. Its early growth was so slow,
however, that it was not until 1825 that it was incorporated as a town.

43Q

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

WILLIAM W. McCLENCH, the present mayor
of Chicopee, is one of the coming men of
Massachusetts. Elected mayor of his native city at
the age of thirty-seven, Mr. AlcClench has proved that
a prophet is not without honor in his own country. He
was born at Chicopee on April 6, 1854, the son of
Joseph U. AlcClench and Alary A. (Johnson) McClench,
a native of East Weare, N. H. The young man came
from sturdy stock. His father was born in Fayette,
Me., in 1813, and
went to Chicopee in
1837, when the great
industries of that
place were being
started, and when
Chicopee was a part
of Springfield, known
as Cabotville. He
was educated in the
public schools of his
native town and at
Tufts College, going
from the Chicopee
High School to the
college in 1871. He
was graduated from
Tuftsin 1875. After
his college days were
over he taught school
for two years, — one
year at the Hitch
cock Free High
School at Brimfield
and another year as
principal of the
Ware High School.
He then entered the
law office of Stearns,
Knowlton & Long at
Springfield, where he
read law until his admission to the bar in 1878. He
was then associated in Chicopee with the Hon. George
M. Stearns, in the practice of law for eleven years, being
counsel for the town a greater part of the time. After
this he moved his office to Springfield, and formed a
law partnership with Judge Gideon Wells and Jonathan
Barnes, under the firm name of Wells, McClench \-
Barnes, but retaining his residence in Chicopee. For
several years he was chairman of the School Poard of

fgmttj^m

WILLIAM W. McCLENCH

Chicopee, and also of the Board of Registrars of Voters.
He received the nomination of both of the big political
parties for mayor in 1891, being unanimously elected
the second mayor of the city. He is also a member of
the Board of Trustees of the Hitchcock Free High
School of Brimfield, and was for two years a member of
the Supreme Lodge, Knights of Honor, as a represen
tative from Massachusetts. Mr. McClench is also a
prominent Mason. In 1880 Mr. McClench was married
to Miss Katherine A.
Hill, the only daugh
ter of Sylvester B.
Hill, of Chicopee,
one of the most
prominent business
men of the place,
and for many years
connected as con
tractor and other
wise with the famous
Ames Manufacturing
Company. Mr. Alc
Clench is connected
with the Unitarian
Society at Chicopee,
and is chairman of
the Standing Com
mittee of the society.
fn politics Air. Alc
Clench was a Repub
lican until 1884,
when he joined the
Democratic party
A warm admirer of
Grover Cleveland, he
supported h i m for
election upon the
stump, and has ever
since that campaign
been a stanch
I >emocrat. He has been an earnest advocate of tariff
reform, and has participated acti\elv in all State and
national campaigns since he became a voter. In 1892
Mr. McClench was the Democratic candidate for district
attorney for the Western district, comprising Hampden
and Perkshire. Lie is regarded throughout the State as
one of the strongest men in public life in Western Alas
sachusetts, and his friends are confident that the future
has many honors in store for him.

CHICOPEE.

431

GEORGE SYLVESTER TAYLOR, Chicopee's first
mayor, is one of the most respected and most
influential citizens of the city. A resident of what is
now Chicopee since 1828, no citizen is held in higher
esteem or more honored by the people of his city.
When Chicopee was made a city, in 1891, Mr. Taylor
was the citizens' candidate for mayor, and was elected
without opposition. He has been a justice of the peace
since 1845, and was special justice of the Chicopee Po
lice Court until 1859,
when he was elected
a member of the
lower branch of the
Massachusetts Legis
lature, to represent
his town. He was
elected to this office
for two years in suc
cession. In 1869
he was elected a
State senator, and
served one term. In
the Legislature he
was an efficient and
conscientious
worker, leading1 the
other members from
Western Massachu
setts in pushing the
interests of his sec
tion of the State.
For two years he was
an assessor of the
town of Chicopee,
and for three years a
member of the Board
of Selectmen. H e
is also president of
the Chicopee Falls
Savings Bank. In
business and private life Afr. Taylor has been equally as
distinguished as he has been in politics. He was born
in South Hadley on March 2, 1822, the son of Sylvester
and Sarah (Eaton) Taylor. On his mother's side he is
a descendant of the famous Chapin family, one of the
oldest families in Western Massachusetts. He went to
Chicopee (then a part of Springfield), with his family,
in 1828, where he has lived ever since. He was de
pendent upon the schools of the town for his educa-

GEORGE S. TAYLOR

tion, with the exception of a finishing course at the
school kept by the Rev. Sanford Lawton in Springfield.
In 1839 Mr. Taylor entered the store of Colonel Bryant,
where he was a clerk for two years. In 1842 he en
tered the store of S. A. Shackleford & Co., soon after
wards becoming a partner. This was upon his becom
ing of age, in 1843. The name of the firm was then
changed to Shackford & Taylor. This firm continued
in business twenty years, after which Mr. Taylor entered
into the agricultural
tool business, under
the firm name of
Belcher & Taylor.
This company con
tinued nearly two
years, when the stock
company of the
Belcher & Taylor
Agricultural Tool
Company was incor
porated. Since that
time Mr. Taylor has
been the treasurer,
and since Mr. Belch-
er's retirement, in
1866, he has also
been the agent of the
company. Under
his able management
the business has be
come very prosper
ous. Air. Taylor is
also president of the
Chicopee Falls
Building Company.
He is a prominent
member of the Con
gregational church,
and has been one of
the deacons since
June 20, 1857. He was superintendent of the Sunday-
school from Alay 8, 1S48, until Alay, 1873, when he
resigned, after twenty-five years of faithful service. Air.
Taylor was married in 1845 to Miss Asenath B. Cobb, of
Princeton, Alass. He has one daughter and three sons
living, having lost two sons and one daughter. In the
development of the natural resources of Chicopee and
in the advancement of the interests of the municipality
Mr. Taylor has been one of the potent factors.

432

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

GEORGE MUNROE STEARNS is one of a small
number of lawyers in Western Massachusetts
whose professional reputation extends all over New
England. He is one of the most eloquent and witty
orators in the country. He was born at Stoughton,
Norfolk County, April 18, 1831, the son of William L.
and Mary (Munroe) Stearns. His early education was
obtained in the common schools of the town of Rowe,
where his father was settled as pastor of a Unitarian
parish. After being
graduated from the
public schools there
he took a course at
the academy at Shel-
b u r ne Falls. Air.
Stearns decided long
before his school
days were over that
the profession of law
was his field in life, ^g^ ».^
and on leaving school
he entered the office
of the late Judge
John Wells, at Chic
opee, where he pur
sued his legal studies.
He was admitted to
the Hampden
County bar in April,
1852, and immedi
ately entered into
partnership with
Judge Wells. This
partnership was con
tinued until Judge
Wells removed to
Springfield, after
which Mr. Stearns
continued alone for
several years. Later,
Mr. Stearns formed a copartnership with the late Hon.
E. D. Beach, and after that with Hon. Marcus P. Knowl-
ton, judge of the Supreme Judicial Court, and C L.
Long. This partnership continued for some years.
Since 1878 he has continued in practice in Chicopee.
Mr. Stearns held a commission as justice of the peace
and quorum and notary public for several years. He
was elected a representative to the General Court from
Chicopee in 1859 and was appointed one of the Com-

GEORGE M. STEARNS

mittee of Thirty who reported the revision of the statutes
in i860. In 187 1 Mr. Stearns was elected to the Senate,
serving on the Committee on Railroads. In 1872 he
was elected district attorney for the western district,
which office he resigned after holding it for over two
years. In February, 1886, Mr. Stearns was appointed
United States attorney at Boston, which office he also
resigned after seventeen months. In politics Mr.
Stearns is a Democrat, and has frequently been a dele
gate to State conven-
tions. He wasa
delegate to the Na
tional Democratic
Convention, in 1872,
where he favored the
nomination of Hor
ace Greeley. Air.
Stearns was candi
date for lieutenant-
governor on the
ticket vvith John
Quincy Adams, and
also for the same
place when Charles
Sumner was nomi
nated by the Demo
crats, but when the
latter declined, Air.
Stearns also w i t h -
drew. Mr. Stearns
married Emily Caro-
line, daughter of
E ra s mu s D. and
C a ro 1 i n e ( Bullard )
Goodnow, at Brook
lyn, N. Y., Alay 17,
1S55. Their chil
dren were : M a r y
Caroline and Emily
Spaulding Stearns,
the former dying at the age of twenty- eight and the
latter at twelve. Mr. Stearns is a grandson of Charles
Stearns, D. D., of Lincoln, who was made doctor of
divinity by Harvard, and was one of the ablest and
most learned men of his day. He was at one time
offered the presidency of Harvard College, but declined
it, because he considered it his duty to remain with the
little parish at Lincoln, though his compensation was
but four hundred dollars a year.

CHICOPEE.

433

AH. OVERMAN, president of the Overman Wheel
. Company, of Chicopee Falls, had an idea when
he was a boy, and long before the bicycle of to-day was
thought of, that mankind should have some means of
locomotion for which the motive power should be con
tained within himself. This idea was possibly sug
gested by the velocipede of that period, which was not
only a clumsy vehicle, but was far from speedy. The
result of this train of thought is his position to-day at
the head of the great -
e s t wheel manufac
turing company i n
the country. Air.
Overman was born
in Fulton County,
111., in 1850, his fa
ther being Cyrus R.
Overman, president
of the Illinois State
Horticultural So
ciety, and the lead
ing wholesale nurs
eryman of the State.
Mr. Overman was
educated at the State
Normal University
of Illinois. He went
to Chicago when
twenty years of age,
where he accepted a
position with Jansen,
McClurg & Co.,
wholesale book and
stationery dealers,
with whom he re
mained until he had
perfected his plans
for becoming a bi
cycle manufacturer.
He then resigned his
position and sold his home, against the protest of his
friends, to come East, where the conditions of labor
were more suitable for his purpose than where he was.
While with this house, however, Air. Overman con
stantly studied the possibilities of his project, and spent
his spare time in making models of his own invention,
which were of no little value to him when he went into
the business in earnest. Mr. Overman went from Chi
cago to Hartford, Conn., where he matured his plans.

A. H. OVERMAN

He then went to Chicopee Falls, where the corporation
he formed while at Hartford erected a building two
stories in height, and covering an area of about two
thousand feet, and began business with about thirty men.
As a result of Air. Overman's able management, the
corporation now has a building more than twenty times
the size of the original, in addition to several smaller
buildings, and employs about twelve hundred men.
For some time when he first began, Air. Overman had
his wheels con-
structed by contract,
but now claims that
* his is the only con-
cern in the world
which builds the en
tire bicycle. In 1891
Mr. Overman offered
to give $10,000 to
the League of Ameri-
can Wheelmen in
case any other manu
facturers of bicycles
could prove that they
manufactured every
part of their wheels
in their own factories,
providing any com
peting party would
agree to forfeit the
same amount in
case they failed.
No one accepted his
challenge. Air.
Overman is a thor
ough master of every
part of his business,
and is at his manu
factory every day,
looking after me
chanical details. He
is the inventor of many of the devices of which his
wheel is made, but is constantly buying up improved
patents. He has a board of experts who do nothing
but experiment and invent parts of bicycles and he him
self is thoroughly conversant with all the intricate
minutiae of the various branches of the business. Air.
Overman married Aliss Millie E. Benton, of Normal, 111.,
in 1873, and they have three children, — Marjorie, Alax
and Edward Overman.

434

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

EMERSON GAYLORD, although not a veteran of
the late war, is one of the heroes of that war.
An incident that occurred at the very start of the Rebel
lion tells the whole story. Mr. Gaylord, who was at that
time a manufacturer of military accoutrements, had been
manufacturing supplies for nearly every State in the
Union and had, before there was any expectation of war,
received an order for a large consignment of military
accoutrements for the Southern States. The day Fort
Sumter fell he had
the order finished.
That afternoon he
received a telegram
from Colonel Thorn
ton, commanding at
Governor's Island,
N. Y., asking him to
ship to the govern
ment all goods on
hand and all in pro
cess of construction.
Soon afterward a
message was received
from Governor An
drew vvith the same
request for Massa
chusetts. Mr. Gay-
lord resolve d to
divide the accoutre
ments equally be
tween the govern
ment and the State.
Before night a noted
speculator from New
York offered $5,000
more than he would
otherwise receive for
the stock. Mr. Gay-
lord, realizing that
the accoutrements
would go to the South, refused the offer and sent the
goods to the government. The demands of the govern
ment for this line of goods became so large that he was
compelled to erect new buildings, increase his force of
employees to four hundred and fifty men, and ship from
$18,000 to $20,000 worth of goods every week. Air.
Gaylord was born at South Hadley, Mass., Sept. 2, 181 7,
the son of Josiah and Lucretia Smith Gaylord. His
father dying when he was seven years of age, he was

EMERSON GAYLORD

early left to depend upon his own resources. At seven
teen years of age he was apprenticed to learn harness
making. An apprentice in those days was called upon
to do chores and render other assistance, and young
Gaylord, finding he had so much other work to do for
his employer, after two months began to learn the shoe
maker's trade. Soon afterwards he purchased his time
for fifty dollars and paid a Mr. Ely one dollar a week to
teach him the art of making first-class gaiter boots. At
twenty-one years of
age he had saved
forty dollars. He
continued in the shoe
business until 1840,
and in 1841 he went
to Chicopee where
he entered the em
ploy of the N. P.
Ames Company,
manufacturers of can
non swords and mil
itary accoutrements.
He was employed in
the latter depart
ment, and in 1843
took charge of it.
In 1856 he purchased
the department and
added to it the man
ufacture of leather
hose and machinery
belting. In April,
1863, Mr. Gaylord
organized his estab
lishment into a stock
company^ of which
he became president.
After the Rebellion
the business was
chiefly confined to
cabinet locks and regulative and society swords of the
finest workmanship. In 1881 he sold out his interest
to the stockholders and retired from active business.
He has been a director of the First National Bank of
Chicopee for about thirty years, and has been president
of the bank since 1880. In politics Mr. Gaylord has
always been a Republican. He was a member of the
House in 1866 and a member of the Senate in 1880
and 1 88 1.

CHICOPEE.

435

THOMAS CLARK PAGE is as good an illustration
of a self-made man as it is possible to find.
Starting the battle of life without even the advantages
possessed by the ordinarily poor boy, he has erected for
himself a monument of success that will ever stand as an
illustration of what creditable ambition and well-directed
energy can be made to do. He was born in HoUis,
York County, Ale., April 23, 1832, the youngest son of
James and Eliza (Woodman) Page. Eight years later his
father died, leaving
his mother with seven
small children and
no means of support.
At this eventful
period in his life
Thomas Clark Page
went to work on a
farm with an uncle,
where he was per
mitted to attend
school only on rainy
days or at such times
as he could be spared
from the work on the
farm. Three years
later he was appren
ticed to a shoe
manufacturer at
Haverhill, Mass., by
whom he was allowed
to attend school three
months in the year.
Two and a half years
later he was given
his time, and he went
to Saco, Me., where
his mother was then
residing. Here he
continued making
shoes and attending
the public schools. At the age of eighteen years he
decided that the trade he had learned did not offer the
field for advancement that he aspired to, and he
apprenticed himself to a machinist, with whom he
remained three full years. In April, 1853, just after
becoming of age, Mr. Page went to Holyoke, Mass.,
where he worked as a journeyman machinist four or
five years. In 1857-58, during those hard times when
nearly all the shops closed, Mr. Page embraced the

THOMAS C. PAGE.

opportunity to start a repair shop. He commenced
business with one engine lathe and with just room
enough to set the lathe and a vise and bench. From
this modest beginning what is now one of the largest
machine works in New England has grown, although
Mr. Page has long since severed his connection with the
concern. In 1865 he became interested in the knitting
machine invented by I . W. Lamb, and recognizing its
merit, purchased an interest in the patents. He then be
gan the manufacture
of these machines
at Rochester, N. Y.
In 1867 he purchased
the real estate and
mac h in ery of the
Massachusetts Arms
Company at Chico
pee, organized the
Lamb Knitting Ma
chine Manufacturing
Company, and be
gan the manufac
ture of the machines
0 n a large s cal e.
Since that time Mr.
Page has been man
aging agent of the
company and for the
most of the time
treasurer. He has
been a life-long Re
publican in politics.
but has always re
fused to accept any
political office. In
private life Mr. Page
has been a model and
public-spirited citi
zen. He is a prom
inent Mason, having
taken all the degrees up to and including the thirty-
second. Since the organization of the Chicopee P'alls
Savings Bank he has been a vice-president of that insti
tution. Mr. Page's success in life has not been due to
any fortunate external circumstances of birth and train
ing, but to his own inherent ability and energy. His
career is one of many in the industrial world of New
England, showing what splendid opportunities she offers
to brains.

436

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

'

EDWARD BELLAMY is one of the few men in the
country who awoke one morning to find himself
famous. Mr. Bellamy was a journalist, and had written
several very noteworthy magazine articles, and two or
three novels, before he produced " Looking Backward,"
but until this book appeared, in January, 1888, very few
people had more than a vague recollection of the name
when they saw his signature to a magazine article or his
name on the cover of a novel. With the last-named
work Mr. Bellamy
sprang into promi
nence, and his work
to-day i s evidence
that this prominence
will not diminish.
The sales of " Look-
ing Backward"
reached four hun
dred thousand in
America, almost a s
many in Great Bri-
t a i n and probably
quite as many i n
Germany. Transla
tions soon appeared
in Danish, Swedish,
German, Dutch,
French, Italian, Rus
sian, Polish, Hunga-
rian and other
languages. Mr.
Bellamy has lived at
Chicopee Falls a 1-
m o s t continuously
since his birth, i n
1850. He is a de
scendant of Rev. Dr.
Joseph Bellamy, a
famous theologian
of the time of the
American Revolution. On the other side of the house
his grandfather was the Rev. Benjamin Putnam, a promi
nent man in the Baptist denomination. His father, the
late Rev. R. K. Bellamy, was pastor for thirty-five years
of the Baptist church at Chicopee Falls. Edward Bel
lamy's early education was obtained at home, followed
by a partial course at Union College, a year of European
travel, and a course of law. He was admitted to the
bar of Hampden County, of which he is still a member,

EDWARD BELLAMY.

though he has never practised. The appetite for literary
work spoiled a good lawyer in Mr. Bellamy, and he
abandoned the profession for which he had fitted him
self, in favor of journalism. In 1871 he joined the
staff of the New York Evening Post, then under Charl
ton Lewis. In 1872 he left the Post to accept a desk
on the Springfield Union as literary editor and editorial
writer. Mr. Bellamy remained with the Union four
years, when he made an extented trip to the Sandwich
Islands, for the pur
pose of recuperating
h i s somewhat i m-
paired health. Mr.
Bellamy's first work
of fiction was "A
Nantucket Idyl,"
and it brought the
author into more
prominence than has
any of his subsequent
•works, excepting
"Looking Back
ward." His second
effort was "Dr.
Heidenhoff's Pro
cess," which ap
peared as a serial in
the Springfield
Union. This was
followed by " Miss
Ludington's Sister."
Mr. Bellamy has also
written much other
matter, continuing
h i s series of short
stories in the maga
zines. Since the
publication of
"Looking Back
ward " he has wholly
devoted his time to speaking and writing in advocacy
of the plan of social organization set forth in that book,
and known as Nationalism. In 1891 he founded a
weekly newspaper in Boston, called the The New Na
tion, for the more effective promulgation of these ideas.
Mr. Bellamy was concerned in the organization of the
People's party in Massachusetts. In the national cam
paign of 1892 Air. Bellamy was a presidential elector-at-
large on the People's party ticket of Massachusetts.

CHICOPEE.

437

r

WILLIAM M. E. MELLEN, M. D., the leading
physician of Chicopee, and one of the dele
gates to the Tenth International Medical Congress at
Berlin, Germany, is one of the eminent men of Massa
chusetts whose success in life is due almost entirely to
their own energy and ability. He was born in Worces
ter, Mass., April 6, 1848, the son of James and Margaret
T. Mellen. His father died before the subject of this
sketch was able to take care of himself, and his mother,
a most refined wo
man, was left with
three children and
in rather poor cir
cumstances. Dr.
Alellen, in his boy
hood, attended the
public schools of
Worcester, and being
desirous of obtaining
a more substantial
and practical educa
tion, worked for some
time as an iron
moulder in the foun
dries of his native
town. In this man
ner he obtained
funds to enable him
to begin the study of
medicine at the Uni
versity of Alichigan.
While at the univer-
sity he showed
marked ability as a
student, accomplish
ing with .ease and
speed what required
hours of hard work
for his classmates.
He obtained some
assistance in his work by studying with Dr. Riley, of
Adams, and completed his medical course in 1876, at
which time he was graduated from the university. After
his graduation he first practised medicine in North
ampton, Mass., and after remaining there one year,
moved to Chicopee, where he has since practised his
profession. In the medical profession he stands high,
as is seen in his success in dealing with critical cases.
He has performed a number of difficult surgical opera-

WILLIAM M. E. MELLEN.

tions, and is often summoned as consulting physician.
It was in 1890 that Dr. Mellen was chosen a delegate
to the Tenth International Medical Congress in Berlin.
In company with Dr. Fox, an eminent physician, he
visited the leading hospitals of London and studied
some of their methods of operating. He also visited
hospitals in Edinburgh, Glasgow, Bavaria, Vienna, and
in cities in France. As a citizen of Chicopee he has
been called to some of its highest offices. He was a
member of the
School Board for
three years, was for
one year chairman
of the Board of
Health, and has
been city physician.
His work in each of
these positions only
served to prove his
capability to fill more
important positions,
and in 1891 he was
elected to the Board
of Aldermen, and in
1892 became chair
man of the board.
As a municipal offi
cer he has acted as
chairman of nearly
all the important
committees, among
them the committees
on Highways and
Bridges, Fire Depart
ment, Police, Ordi
nance, Street Light
ing, and Sewers.
His executive ability
and his knowledge of
municipal affairs are
acknowledged by all. In politics Dr. Mellen is a Demo
crat. He was sent as delegate to the National Demo
cratic Convention held in Chicago in 1892, and has also
been delegate at large to nearly all of the State conven
tions of his party since he entered public life, and has
taken a prominent part in them. In 1883 Dr. Mellen
married Kate AI. Burke, the only daughter of Patrick
Burke, a prominent citizen of Chicopee. They have
one daughter.

438

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

EUGENE J. O'NEIL is one of the most popular
young men in Chicopee, being the only man
whom the city has ever honored by sending him as rep
resentative to the Massachusetts General Court for three
consecutive terms. Mr. O'Neil was born at Chicopee
Falls, Feb. 29, 1856, and has been signally honored for
a young man who is not yet in his prime. He was
educated in the public schools at Chicopee Falls. He
entered the employ of the Chicopee Manufacturing
Company at an age
when most boys are
still at school. He
began as bobbin boy,
and gradually worked
up from the lowest
position in the mill
to second hand in
the weaving depart
ment. In 1883 Mr.
O'Neil was made a
flattering offer by the
Canada Cotton Aian-
ufacturing Company
of Cornwall, Ontario,
to go there as over-
overseer. Mr.
( )' N e i 1 was only
twenty-six years of
age at this time, and
he accepted the
offer. He remained
in Canada only about
a year, however. At
the expiration of that
time he decided that
the prospects inAthe
United States were
much better than in
Canada, so he re
turned to Chicopee
Falls, and began looking about for an opportunity to go
into business for himself. It was not long before he hit
upon the idea of beginning the manufacture of tape and
narrow fabric, and he immediately proceeded to carry
out the project. He secured a small factory at South
Hadley and began operations. 'Phe venture was a suc
cess from the very start. It was not long before he
required more room, and then he removed his business
to Chicopee Falls, where he has since conducted it,

EUGENE J. O'NEIL

Mr. O'Neil is an ideal type of man for a candidate. He
has an uncommonly shrewd political judgment, is en
dowed with no little ability, and has mastered the secret
of the art of being popular with the people of all parties.
He was elected representative upon nomination of the
Democrats in 1890, and he made an excellent record in
the Legislature. He was renominated in 1891 and re
elected. An attempt was made to defeat him for a third
term, in accordance with the usual custom, and it re
sulted in one of the
most interesting cau
cuses ever held in
Chicopee, Mr.
O'Neil receiving an
overwhelming major
ity. Mr. O' Neil's
political popularity
was gained by his fa
mous fight for the
Willimansett Bridge,
and his success was
considered a great
victory for the peo
ple. He has always
paid personal atten
tion to the interests
of the people whom
h e represented i n
the Legislature. Mr.
O'Neil is the son of
William and Joanna
(Cur ran) O'Neil.
On Dec. 27, 1881,
he married Mary A.
Hederman, daughter
of Edmond and Jo
anna ( Lynch) He
derman. Mr. O'Neil
is prominent in
church and social
circles. For ten years he has been organist of St. Pat
rick's Church, of which he is also a member. He is
also a teacher of music. He has been connected with
the Father Alathew Temperance Society for twenty
two years, and was its president for many years. Not
many young men in the State have been such useful
citizens and rendered such valuable services to the com
munity. Mr. O'Neil's success in business affairs has
been founded on his own talents and industry.

CHICOPEE.

439

DANIEL DUNN is one of the most prominent and
respected citizens of Chicopee Falls, — a man
who has often been called upon to serve the public, and
who has always generously responded to the call. He
is a type of that class of public-spirited citizens who
believe that the welfare of their country should take the
precedence over personal and business affairs. Air.
Dunn has been eminently successful, both in his private
and his public life. He was born, June 3, 1835, in the
parish of Aughavoe,
Queen's County, Ire
land, the son of Dan
iel and Margaret
(Bergan) Dunn. He
came to this country
with his parents in
i85i,his school-days
having been confined
to the earlier years
in his native coun
try. The family went
to Paterson, N. J.,
on their arrival in
this country. There,
with his father and
brothers, he began
work in Morrow's
woollen mill. In
1859 ^r- Dunn ac
cepted a position at
Maiden, Mass., as
overseer in the fin
ishing department of
Cochran & AicAllis-
ter's print work. He
went to Chicopee
Falls in 1862, where,
for twenty-eight years
he was overseer of
the Chicopee Manu
facturing Company's finishing department. For a num
ber of years he conducted a hardware and grocery
business in Chicopee Falls. He is now retired from
active business. Mr. Dunn has always been a shrewd
business man. He has, at various times, been interested
in a large number of enterprises, and is closely identified
with the material growth of the city. Since his retire
ment from business he has remained a stockholder in
the Chicopee Manufacturing] Company and in other

DANIEL DUNN.

concerns. He is a large real estate owner in Chicopee
and in Springfield, his combined property being valued
at about $100,000. Air. Dunn has lived in Chicopee
Falls for thirty years. In politics he has always been a
Democrat. Before the city was incorporated he served
the town as selectman, and has been a trustee of the
Chicopee Falls Savings Bank since its organization.
He has also been a member of the Father Mathew
Temperance Society for the past twenty-four years, and
has been president
of St. Patrick's con
ference of the St.
Vincent de Paul So
ciety since its organ
ization, fifteen years
ago. Mr. Dunn is
also treasurer of Par
ticular Council of St.
Vincent de Paul So
ciety of Springfield,
and for twenty years
has taken an active
interest in the Sun
day-school of St.
Patrick's Church at
Chicopee Falls. Mr.
Dunn married Aliss
Catherine E. Ala-
honey, of Boston,
Feb. 12, 1868. They
have had five chil
dren, the two oldest
of whom — Daniel
and Mary — are
dead. Of the living,
Al a r g a r e t, aged
twenty one, a gradu
ate of Notre Dame
College of Roxbury,
Mass., is at home ;
William, aged twenty, educated at Holy Cross College,
Worcester, Mass., is in company with W. F. O'Neill in
the clothing business, and Callistus, aged sixteen, is
still attending school. Air. Dunn, while not neglecting
his duties to his adopted country, has always taken a
lively interest in the welfare of his native country, and
has been one of the active supporters of the Irish
National cause. In church work at Chicopee Falls
Air. Dunn has been very prominent.

NORTHAAIPTON, or as it is familiarly known throughout the Connecticut valley, the " Meadow City," was
founded in 1653, when settlers at Springfield, Hartford and Windsor petitioned the General Court for
permission to plant a settlement at Nonotuck, the Indian name by which the site of the present city was then
known. John Pynchon, the son of the founder of Springfield and Roxbury, and his son-in-law, Elizur Holyoke,
with Samuel Chapin, fostered the scheme ; the petition was granted, and they were appointed commissioners to lay
out the new settlement. The land was purchased, but only eight of the twenty-four petitioners settled there.
The Indian grantors remained friendly until King Philip's War, when they joined the hostile savages, but the town
suffered only one attack. The savages, however, kept the settlers uneasy almost until the breaking out of the
Revolutionary War, in which the town sustained its part, as it did in the later struggles of the country.
Excepting these events, the experience of the town, during the latter part of the eighteenth century and
beginning of the present one, was much the same as other New England settlements, the town continuing to grow
until, in 1824, it was the largest in the State. Now it is a city of about fifteen thousand population, and is
accorded the twenty-fifth place among the cities of the "Bay State," but still ranks with the leaders in the
beauty of its surroundings and intellectuality of its atmosphere.
The city is beautifully situated on the Connecticut, seventeen miles above Springfield, under the very brows
of Mount Tom and Mount Holyoke. Edward Everett once described the view from the city as finer than that
on the Rhine or from the summit of Mount Blanc. But more to Northampton's glory is the fame of her institu
tions and her sons. Foremost among the former is Smith College, for girls, which was founded under the provi
sions of the will of Aliss Sophia Smith, of Hadley, who left $400,000 for the purpose, in 1870. The first building
was completed in 1874, and since then many fine structures have been erected, until now the college campus is
dotted with handsome buildings, and six hundred girls are educated there. Along the same line is the Alary A.
Burnham Classical School for girls, the Round Hill School for girls, over which Bancroft, the historian, presided
for years, and a model high school. Another important educational institution is the Clarke Institute for Deaf
Alutes, endowed by John Clarke in 1867, and to which he gave $275,000.
The State is also vitally interested in the city, for the State Lunatic Hospital, a magnificent building situated
in an iron-fenced park of four hundred acres, is located there. The Dickinson Hospital is a monument to the
memory of Caleb Cooley Dickinson. Another institution is the Shady Lawn Sanitarium, which is designed for
wealthy invalids. A memorial hall and public library are also features of the city. A fitting conclusion to this list
is a mention of the Smith charities, which have proved a godsend to many people. The charities were founded
by Oliver Smith who, in 1845, bequeathed to the care of eight trustees the sum of 8200,000, which was to be left
until it had doubled. Of this amount $30,000 was set aside until 1905, when it is to found the Smith Agricultural
CoUege ; $360,000 was reserved, the income from which is to be paid to apprentices, young women and indigent
widows, while the remainder forms a contingent account to defray expenses. The will went into effect in 1848,
and since then more than $1,200,000 has been paid out as provided.
Northampton is the birthplace of many men prominent in the aft'airs of the State and nation. Among the
former were Caleb Strong, an early governor of the State ; Isaac Bates, congressman; Elijah H. Mills, congressman
and senator; Rev. Dr. Timothy Dwight; Benjamin Tappan, jurist; Phineas Allen, editor; George H. Clark, poet;
Henry Lyman, author ; Josiah Dwight Whitney, geologist ; William Dwight Whitney, philologist ; Austin Flint, author
and physician; while William Cullen Bryant, Historian George Bancroft and Jenny Lind were prominent figures
on her streets in the early part of the century, and William Lloyd Garrison often expounded his abolition theories
to the citizens of the place. George W. Cable now lives there. The chief historical events of the century were
the Mill River flood in 1874, when one hundred and thirty-six lives were lost, and the great Northampton National
Bank robbery in 1876.

NORTHAMPTON.

441

JOHN B. O'DONNELL, mayor of Northampton,
was born in the county of Kerry, Ireland, Sept. 8,
1846, and is the son of the late James and Bridget
(Herlihy) O'DonneU. Mayor O'DonneU was married to
Bridget T. Coughlin in 1869, but his wife died in 1887,
leaving him with five children, all boys, who are now
living. Two of them, James C. and George P. O'Don
neU, graduated from Holy Cross College in the class of
1892, and are now (1892) taking a course of medicine
in the College of Phy
sicians and Surgeons
in New York City.
Alayor O'DonneU
emigrated to this
country with his par
ents in 1 85 1 and set
tled in Northampton,
where he has resided
ever since. It was
in this city that young
O'DonneU attended
school for the first
time, but early had
to give up to go to
work in the mills.
At the age of twelve
he worked in a cot
ton mill, putting in
more than thirteen
hours every day for
the very small sum
of twenty-five cents.
He was steadily ad
vanced in position
and wages until, in
1863, he left the mill
to work at gun mak
ing. In 1864 he en
tered the employ of
the Florence Sewing
Machine Company, where he remained until 1872, when
he opened a store in Florence. This line of work was
followed until 1874 when, to realize his ambition, he
began the study of law with his brother, Ex-City Soli
citor T. B. O'DonneU, of Holyoke. In anticipation of
this course, Mayor O'DonneU had been preparing him
self by attendance at the evening schools from the time
he entered the cotton factory, and later by private les
sons. He graduated from the Boston University Law

JOHN B. O'DONNELL

School in 1877, and then took a postgraduate course,
being admitted to the Hampshire County bar the follow
ing year. He immediately opened an office in North
ampton, and has been in constant practice in that
city. Mayor O'DonneU has taken a deep interest in all
public and political affairs, and has been prominent in
both fields. He was a member of the committee
appointed to build town sewers and of the City Charter
Committee. In 1884 he was a member of the first
Common Council of
the city of North
ampton, but declined
re-election. He was
elected an assessor
for three years in
1887, but resigned
to take a European
trip in 1889. He
was the Democratic
nominee for mayor
in 1890, but was de
feated by a small ma
jority. The follow
ing year he was again
nominated and was
elected. His admin
istration of munici
pal affairs was a most
able one. H e is
rather independent
in politics, although
for a long time sec
retary and treasurer
of the Democratic
City Committee, but
he bolted the nomi
nation of Grover
Cleveland in 1884.
He did not take much
interest in politics
after that until 1890, after the passage of the McKinley
Bill. He was nominated as Democratic presidential
elector in 1892. Mayor O'DonneU is a strict and
aggressive temperance man, and was instrumental in
organizing the Father Mathew Society of Northampton,
which is a valuable organization in that city. Mayor
O'DonneU has accomplished much in various ways for
the welfare of Northampton, and is known throughout
the State as one of her most useful citizens.

442

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

CHARLES NATHANIEL CLARK, than whom
Northampton has no citizen with a brighter past
or more promising future, was born in that city, April
4, 1853, and has since resided there. He is literally a
child of Northampton, for his parents, Charles and Alary
(Strong) Clark, were both descendants of the earliest
settlers of that city. The public schools of his native
town provided the intellectual food for the boyhood
period of Mr. Clark's life, and the high school, from
which he graduated
in 1869, furnished
the finishing touches
of his local scholastic
career. Upon grad
uating from the high
school he entered
Amherst College and
graduated with the
class of 1873. Mr.
Clark had already
decided upon a legal
career, but after grad
uating took up teach
ing for a year, which
time he spent in the
Hitchcock free high
school in Brimfield.
In 1875 he began to
read law in the office
of Delano & Ham
mond in Northamp
ton, one of the largest
law firms in the West
ern part of the State.
He was admitted to
the bar in 1877, and
at once began the
practice of his pro
fession in his native
city, being admitted
to practice in the United States courts three years later.
Mr. Clark has had considerable political experience at
the hands of the Republican party, of which he is, and
always has been, a stanch supporter. He has also been
a worker, and has done much for the success of that
party. Not a little of this was accomplished during
his eight years' membership of the 'Town and City Com
mittee, and his two years on the State Central Commit
tee. He represented the First Hampshire District in

CHARLES N. CLARK

the Massachusetts House of Representatives during the
years 1883, 1884 and 1885, and was elected to a seat in the
upper branch of the Legislature in 1887 and 1888 from
the Berkshire-Hampshire senatorial district. While a
member of the General Court he was honored by appoint
ments on various committees, among which were the
Judiciary, the Hoosac Tunnel and Troy and Greenfield
Railroad, Claims, Mercantile Affairs, Public Service and
Bills'in the Third Reading. He has also been honored
at home, and has
served as a member
of the School Com
mittee for a number
of years. In every
public capacity Mr.
Clark has shown the
qualities of a valuable
legis lato r. Mr.
Clark has also been
prominent in the
mercantile and i n-
dustrial life of the
city, and has a good
standing in both
fields. He is presi
dent of the Hamp
shire Alutual Fire
Insurance Company,
and is likewise
W '•"' ^fefc. treasurer of the
Northampton Paper
C o m p a n y, and a
director of the
Northampton Cut
lery Company. Be
sides these positions,
he holds a director
ship in the North
ampton -National
Bank, and has been
treasurer of Smith CoUege, since June, 1888, and is a
trustee of the Northampton Institution for Savings. He
is also interested in the Tirst Congregational Church,
following the faith of his ancestors, and was for several
years chairman of the Board of Assessors of that parish.
'Phis, briefly, is the life history of one who seems assured
of a broader recognition at the hands of his fellow-
citizens in the future and who has already acquitted
himself most creditably.

NORTHAMPTON.

443

His education, including his

GENERAL JOHN LORD OTIS, one of the promi
nent citizens of Hampshire County and of the
State, is a Connecticut boy by birth, and spent the
earlier years of his life in that State. He was born in
Lyme, New London County, July 15, 1827, his parents
being Hayden E. and Alary (Lord) Otis. The earlier
years of his life were spent in a cotton factory, which he
entered before he was eight years old, working nearly
fourteen hours per day
knowledge of m e -
chanical engineering,
for w h i c h h e had
great aptitude, was
largely acquired by
study out of employ
ment hours. In 1S51
he became superin
tendent of the Pa
cific Manufacturing
Company at Al a n -
Chester, Conn., r e -
maining with that
corporation for five
years. He left to
establish the Otis
Manufacturing Com
pany at South Alan-
chester. While in
charge of this con
cern General Otis put
in operation for Che
ney Brothers, of that
place, the first ma
chinery for the manu
facture of silk and
wool knit gootls ever
operated in this coun
try. The breaking
out of the war drew
General Otis a w a y
from his chosen business for a time, for after the first
battle of Bull Run he enlisted as a private soldier in
the Tenth Regiment of the Connecticut Volunteer In
fantry, and started for the front. By heroic service he
won many promotions, passing through the different
grades, until in February, 1863, he was advanced to a
colonelcy. When he was mustered out of the army,
after three years and four months of sen ice, he carried
home the title of brevet brigadier-general. General

Otis had a long and exciting war experience. He took
part in all of Burnside's and Foster's engagements in
North Carolina, and in 1863 was engaged with General
Foster's army in its work in South Carolina. The fol
lowing year he was ordered to service in Virginia, and
joined the Army of the James. In all of his army ex
perience General Otis showed himself to be the true
soldier, and the scars of three wounds, one received at
Newbern, and two at^Kingston, serve to keep fresh in
memory the dangers
of his long c a m -
paign. He returned
to his chosen profes
sion at the close of
* the war, and became
superintendent of the
Florence Sewing Ala-
chine Company at
Florence, Mass.,
where h e remained
for three years, or
until he established
the Northampton
Emery Wheel Com
pany, of which he is
treasurer. General
Otis is held in high
esteem by his fellow-
townsmen, and has
often been honored
by election to office.
He is a stanch Re
publican, and one of
the party's leaders.
He was a selectman,
assessor and over
seer of the poor in
Northampton in
1S75— 76, and a year
later was elected
to the Alassachusetts House of Representatives, serving
on the Committee on Military Affairs. He w-as elected
to the State Senate in 1S79, and re-elected the next
year, at both times serving on important committees.
He made a most honorable record as a legislator, per
forming valuable service for his constituents and for the
State. General Otis was married, March 1, 1S47, to
Catherine, daughter of Cyrus Preston, of South Hadlev,
and has two children,

JOHN L. OTIS.

444

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

NORTHAMPTON has always been particularly
strong in her representatives of the law and
letters, and many shining lights in the former profes
sion have had their birth or early business experiences
in the " Meadow City." The city still has its prominent
disciples of Blackstone, and among them may be classed
Richard W. Irwin, the present city solicitor, and a rep
resentative of the younger generation. Air. Irwin was
born in Northampton, Feb. 18, 1857, where his parents,
William and Mary
Irwin, resided. His
early schooling was
obtained in the pub
lic schools of that
city, where he
learned just enough
to be imbued with a
desire to go to col
lege. At that time,
however, the plan
seemed out of the
question, as he was
too poor, but the
idea always remained
and years afterward
bore fruit. He im
mediately went to
work at the trade of
a machinist in Flor
ence, and having
mastered it moved
to Elgin, 111., in
1876, where he went
to work in the ma
chine department of
the Elgin Watch
Factory. He re
mained there two
and one - half years,
resigning his position
to return to Natick, where he engaged in the house fur
nishing business with his brother, T. L. Irwin. 'Phe
bent of his nature, however, was not in a mercantile
direction. He always had a desire to read law, and to
consummate that plan he left the furniture business in
1882, and entered Boston University, from which he
graduated with honors and the degree LL. B. in June>
1885. He had planned to locate in the West after
receiving his diploma, but sickness in his family com-

RICHARD W. IRWIN.

pelled him to return to Northampton, where he has
since practised very successfully. While an enthusiastic
Republican, Mr. Irwin has paid more attention to the
practice of his profession than to political battling,
although he has ever stood ready to serve his party in
the field, and has done some valiant service. He has
been a member of the Republican City Committee for
the past six years, and has " stumped " the district for
the Republican ticket. He is one of the most con
vincing Republican
speakers in the State.
He has declined
nomination to the
Legislature on sev
eral occasions rather
than have such honor
conflict with his law
business, and, as a
consequence, his cli
entele has grown to
flattering propor
tions. His selection
as city solicitor for
three consecutive
terms has also ex
tended h i s reputa
tion, and has added
not a little to his
legal business. Air.
Irwin was also a
member of the Com
mon Council of the
City Government for
two years, one of
which he was presi
dent of the board.
He has shown a
great interest in mat
ters relating to the
military, and is now
captain of Company I, Second Regiment, Alassachusetts
Volunteer Militia. His recreation consists of his duties
in society and a devotion to music, which is a talent
vvith him, and which has led him to sing in several
church choirs at various times. Air. Irwin was married,
Nov. 16, 1892, to Aliss Florence E. Bangs, daughter of
Air. and Airs. A. W. Bangs, the former being a pros
perous merchant of Springfield, where the ceremony
took place.

NORTHAMPTON.

445

AMONG the many men who have contributed to the
fame of Northampton, as an educational centre,
none deserve public recognition to a greater degree
than Lewis Joel Dudley, president of the Clarke Institu
tion for Deaf Mutes. Mr. Dudley was born in Guilford,
Conn., Nov. ii, 1815, his parents being Joel and Har
riet (Griswold) Dudley. Like many other boys, he was
brought up and worked on a farm, during his early boy
hood, attending the district school during the winter.
He early decided
upon a college course
and began prepara
tion in the Guilford
Academy and con
tinued it in the acad
emy at Berlin, in the
same State. At the
age of nineteen he
entered Yale, in the
class of 1838, and in
the face of many
difficulties, including
an almost fatal illness
during his junior
year, graduated with
his class. After his
matriculation he
taught the Lewis
Academy at South-
ington, Conn., for a
year, and the Brainard
Academy at H ad-
dam in the same
State. In 1840 he
became a tutor at
Yale, giving instruc
tion in Latin the first
year and in Greek
for the . next five
years. His instruc
tion in Greek was highly complimented by Professor
James Hadley, who said that it was of permanent value
to the college, in elevating the standard of instruction
in this department. While during this work he attended
lectures on theology, moral government and mental
philosophy. He gave up his tutorship in 1846 and
entered the Yale Law School, and a year later received
the degree of bachelor of laws. For a year he read
law in the office of Hungerford & Cone, in Hartford, and

LEWIS J. DUDLEY

was admitted to the bar in 1848, but disliking the
pleadings of that time he gave up the law and opened
a classical school in Northampton, to prepare boys for
college. This institution was a great success, and dur
ing its fourteen years of life received pupils from every
State in the Union. During the war Mr. Dudley aided
greatly in the enlistment of soldiers, besides doing
much for their comfort in the field. In politics Mr.
Dudley is an independent Republican. In 1864 he
was elected to the
Massachusetts State
Senate and was made
a member of the State
Valuation Commit
tee. In the years
1865, 1866 and 1867,
and again in 1873,
he was elected a
representative to the
General Court. Dur
ing his tenure of
office in 1867, he
took a leading part
in securing a charter
for Clarke Institute,
which has been
brought to a high
state of excellence,
since his election to
the presidency, in
1883. Mr. Dudley
was also largely in
strumental in the
construction of the
Massachusetts Cen
tral Railroad to
Northampton, and
was a director of that
corporation for thir
teen year's. Mr.
Dudley was married, in May, 185 1, to Theresa Hunt
Bates, daughter of the late Hon. Isaac C. Bates, of
Northampton, and a colleague of Daniel Webster in the
United States Senate. Two children have been born
to them, Theresa Bates, who died Sept. 20, 1853, and
Etta Theresa, the wife of Wallace Holbrook Krause, of
Boston. President Dudley's services in the cause of
deaf-mute education and in other fields have gained for
him a national reputation.

WALTHAM is conceded to be one of the prettiest manufacturing cities in the Commonwealth. It is located
on the banks of the Charles River, ten miles from Boston, and the heart of the city is a plain surrounded
by a series of hills, of which Mt. Prospect is the largest and best known. The river divides the city into two parts,
connected with a series of bridges, making access to all parts of the city very easy. The river is itself a great
attraction, and, from the point known as the Moody Street bridge up as far as Newton Lower Falls, there is more
pleasure boating than can be found on any sheet of water in New England. It is visited by thousands of strangers
each summer. Steam launches, row-boats and canoes make a fleet of nearly eight hundred pleasure craft. The
streets are well taken care of, and the houses, of a superior class, are nearly all owned by the occupants. Main
Street, on the north side of the town, is the oldest main thoroughfare, and for this reason the buildings are not of
so imposing a character as those on Moody Street on the south side. A notable improvement has, however, been
made in the last few years by the erection of several new brick blocks. The water supply is the best in the State,
the reservoir being supplied by springs that were accidentally discovered while digging the filtering basin on the
north side of the river. The health of the city is excellent, and the recent completion of the Metropolitan
sewerage system, which includes Waltham in its scope, will tend to decrease the death rate.
Waltham was incorporated as a town on Jan. 4, 1738, old style; by the modern calendar, Jan. 15, 1738.
Its history for the first century of its settlement is so blended with that of the parent town of Watertown that it is
difficult to separate the incidents of its existence at that period. Within its limits is the newly discovered city of
Norumbega, the site being marked by a stone tower erected by Professor Horsford, who claimed that it was
founded at the time of Leif Ericson's discovery of the New World.
Waltham's growth, owing to a combination of circumstances, the principal one being the lack of railroad
facilities, was of a slow nature until within the last twenty years. Since then there has been a great change, and
the prosperity of the city has been great, although not of a mushroom character. In 1884 the town was incorpo
rated as a city, the charter being granted by the Legislature on June 2, and accepted by vote of the people in
July of that year. It was the first city in the Commonwealth to adopt a one-board form of local government.
The population, according to the last national census, was 18,533, and it is now over 20,000.
The schools of Waltham have always been kept up to a high standard of excellence ; the reason for its
separation from Watertown, of which it was once a portion, being because of the lack of school accommodations
in that section of the town. The schools now rank with the best in the State. The public library contains 18,000
volumes. Waltham depends upon its manufactures for its wealth, although on the north side of the town are
some magnificent farms and some estates used as country residences. The Waltham. Watch Company is the
largest watch factory in the world, employing three thousand hands, with a daily output of three thousand complete
watch movements. The company has $3,000,000 of capital, and is very prosperous. The United States Watch
Company was incorporated in 1885, employs three hundred hands, and is now on a paying basis.
The cotton factory, the Boston Manufacturing Company, was the first cotton factory in the United States to
take the raw material and furnish a finished product. It was established in 181 3, and it speaks volumes for the
management that there has never been a strike by the employees. A bleachery is connected with the mills. The
mills have a capacity of 100,000 yards of cloth per day, and the underwear department turns out 150,000 garments
per year. Other important manufactories include the Davis & Farnum Manufacturing Company, established in
1844, which have a capacity of melting thirty-five tons of metal per day; the Waltham Emery Wheel Company;
the Waltham Gas and Electric Light Company ; the Judson L. Thompson Manufacturing Company, manufacturers
of metal buckles ; the American Watch Tool Company and the Parmenter Crayon Company. There are also several
other small factories.

WALTHAM.

447

GEORGE LOWELL MAYBERRY was born in
Edgartown, Mass., in 1859, and is a son of Dr.
Edwin and Leonora Mayberry. After leaving the public
schools of his native place he finished his preparation
for college undet the instruction of his father, and
entered Harvard College in 1878. Graduating from
college in 1882, he immediately began the study of law,
graduated from the law school of Boston University
in 1885, and was admitted to the bar in Boston the
same year. He im
mediately began the
practice of law with
his brother - in - law,
Horatio N. Allin,
having offices in
Waltham and Boston,
and has continued
this arrangement to
the present time.
In 1887 he married
Mary A. Atchinson of
Jericho, Vt., and has
three children. Mr.
Mayberry's first pub
lic office was that of
city solicitor of
Waltham, to which
he was elected in
1889. Having held
this office for two
years he resigned it
to accept the office
of mayor, to which
he was elected in
1890. He served
the city as mayor
during 1891 and
1892, and at the
close of his second
term declined to be
again a candidate on account of the increasing demands
of his law business, to which he has since given his
exclusive attention. Though a resident of Waltham
only since 1884, Mr. Mayberry has gained the confi
dence of the people of his adopted city in a marked
degree. His rapid progress seems the more creditable
when it is known that he is naturally of a retiring dispo
sition, and one who ever studiously avoids public notice.
Though a pronounced Republican in politics, he was

GEORGE L. MAYBERRY

elected to office as a citizens' candidate, and his admin
istration has been liberal and free from" partisanship.
While filling the office of mayor, Mr. Mayberry has
shown himself a fitting representative of the vigorous
young city which had honored him. He kept himself
thoroughly in touch with the different departments of
the city, and his counsel was eagerly sought, and was
invaluable in promoting harmonious and efficient work.
He reorganized the police department, and brought
about changes in its
management which
greatly increased its
efficiency. He was
largely instrumental
in the establishment
of a thoroughly
equipped manual
training-school as a
part of the public-
school system of the
city. During his
administration the
city has completed
its system of sewer
age, and through his
efforts important
changes have been
made in the laws of
the State relating to
sewers, giving greater
freedom of action to
the local authorities.
H e recommended
the adoption of the
public park act, and
the establishment of
a system of parks
and playgrounds for
the city, and ap
pointed an able park
commission to carry out these views. He has also been
a conspicuous advocate of important changes in the
city charter, urging the reorganization of the executive
departments on a more business-like basis, and more in
accord with advanced thought on the problem of mu
nicipal government. It is in the practice of his profes
sion that Mr. Mayberry has laid the foundation for a
successful career. His work as a lawyer has extended
widely through all branches of civil business.

448

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

FM. STONE is the leading man in financial mat-
. ters in Waltham, and his opinion on any of the
questions of municipal expenditure is always sure to
carry a great deal of weight. He has won this distinc
tion by his integrity and strict attention to business.
He stands above all things for invincible honesty. If
he gives his word the people have always felt that they
could trust him and that their faith would not be mis
placed. It is this one characteristic that has placed
him where he is to
day and enables him
to hold the esteem
of all of his fellow-
townsmen. He went
to Waltham and set-
tled there perma
nently in September,
1844. The town was
at that time very
small, and the prac-
tice of a young
lawyer did not
amount to very much.
But as the town grew,
so did his esteem in
the minds of the peo
ple, and he acquired
interests outside of
the practice of law
that netted a fair
income. The people
commenced to look
to him for advice in
the management of
the town, and he was
soon the foremost
citizen in the place.
During the early part
of his life he was a
Democrat in politics,
but soon after the breaking out of the war he became,
as did many of the Northern Democrats at that time, a
Republican and continued to remain in the Republican
party until about ten or twelve years ago, when he openly
announced that the Republican party was ceasing to
represent the best interest of the people of the United
States and came out for the Democratic nominees.
Although at that time he was taking no very active inter
est in politics, his example carried a great deal of

F. M. STONE

influence and strengthened the Democratic party in the
town considerably. During the administration of
Buchanan, Mr. Stone was appointed postmaster of
Waltham, and during the war he held the office of
selectman for several terms. After the close of the
war he was elected to the State Legislature and served
several terms there with such satisfaction that he was
elected to the State Senate. After this he was a candi
date for the nomination to Congress, but in this he was
unsuccessful, owing
probably to the fact
that Waltham at that
time did not exert
the influence in the
congressional district
that she does now.
He was made savings
bank commissioner,
and it was during his
administration and
due in great part to
this influence that
the savings banks and
the national banks
were compeUed to
separate and do busi
ness each on its own
basis. The experi
ence that he had
gained as director
and president of the
Waltham National
Bank, and as director
of the savings bank,
led him to advocate
this measure. His
ability displayed in
the discharge of his
duties as bank com
missioner attracted
the attention of Boston capitalists, and when the Boston
Safe Deposit and Trust Company was formed he was
asked to take the presidency of the institution, an office
which he still holds. . He is also the president of the
Waltham National Bank and a director of the Waltham
Savings Bank. He married Elizabeth H. Pierce, the
daughter of a Nantucket school-master, and has two
children, Charles F. Stone, the treasurer of the Waltham
Savings Bank, and Walter, who is in business in the West.

WALTHAM.

449

NATHAN WARREN, who has been quite prominent
in political and insurance circles, was born in
Waltham, Mass., where he now resides, Feb. n, 1838.
He is from old New England stock, his ancestors being
among the earliest settlers, — the Massachusetts Colony.
Educated in the public schools of his native town, he
intended to follow his studies with a view to professional
life, but decided upon a business career, entering at first
a wholesale dry goods house in Boston and afterwards
being located in New
York. In 1862 Mr.
Warren responded to
the call of his coun
try, and enlisted in
the Forty-fifth Regi
ment o f Massachu
setts Volunteers,
known as the Cadet
Regiment, and
served honorably
during the period of
his enlistment. This
regiment was sta
tioned in North
Carolina, and took
an active part in the
service of that State.
He afterwards was
in service in the De
partment of the Gulf
and in the War De
partment in Wash
ington. At the close
of the war he re
turned to Boston and
re-entered business
life, engaging in the
shipping business,
mostly in connection
with trade with the
West Indies, South America and Africa. While thus
engaged he visited the last-named part of the world.
He has visited various countries in Europe. Fond of
travel also in our own country, he has in the interim of
business made quite extensive trips through the wild
regions of the Northwest and across the plains. For
over twenty years Mr. Warren has been identified with
the Boston agency of the Equitable Life Assurance
Society, and is at present resident secretary of that

NATHAN WARREN

institution. He is also president of the Boston Life
Underwriters' Association, and one of the directors and
treasurer of the Security Safe Deposit Company. In
1880 and 1 88 1 he represented Waltham in the Massa
chusetts Legislature and was chairman of the Committee
on Insurance. He was also a member of the Joint
Special Committee for the compilation of the present
code of public statutes. He was for two years master
of Monitor Lodge of Freemasons and for several years
chairman of the trus
tees of the public
library of Waltham.
He has been an active
and public-spirited
citizen in whatever
has related to the
welfare of the com
munity in which he
has lived. In politics
Mr. Warren has al
ways been a Repub-
1 i c a n, steadfast in
principles and inter
ested in having those
principles prevail.
He has been at times
chairman of Repub
lican town commit
tees, a member of the
Republican State
Central Committee,
chairman of his con
gressional district
committee and has
held other positions
evincing his interest
in what he conscien
tiously considers best
party politics. Stu
dious in his habits,
ready with his pen, he has made many contributions to
the press and otherwise on various topics of interest.
Mr. Warren was one of the writers of the historical address
on the occasion of the sesquicentennial celebration of
Waltham, and the author of the historical sketch of
Waltham in the recently published history of Aliddlesex
County. He was married, in 1 881, to Miss Charlotte E.
Bacon, of Springfield, and has two children, a son and a
daughter.

450

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

FRANCIS BUTTRICK has been prominently iden
tified with the business interests of Waltham for
upwards of half a century. In the real estate opera
tions incident to a growing young New England town,
and in the ownership of homes and other buildings,
which are so intimately connected with the welfare of
the people and the prosperity of the place, he has been
one of the leading men. He is now by far the largest
real estate owner in the city. He has grown up with
the material devel
opment of the place,
and is still active in
whatever pertains to
the management of
his property. Air.
Buttrick was born in
Pepperell, Mass., in
1814, and removed
with his family to
Concord in 1828.
Here, after receiving
an education in the
public schools, he
learned the trade of
house carpenter with
his father, working
in that and surround
ing towns as a jour
neyman. He went
to Waltham in 1838,
where he continued
in the same occupa
tion. In 1844 he
commenced business
on his own account
as a builder and em
ployer. In 1857 he
bought a lumber yard,
planing and saw-mill
and box factory, and
entered into quite extensive operations in that line o{
business, giving up his occupation as a carpenter. He
has lately retired from active participation in his busi
ness, which is now organized as the Buttrick Lumber
Company. Through his business as carpenter and
builder he became interested in real estate, mostly of
improved character, with buildings devoted to the wants
of a manufacturing and laboring community. From
small beginnings in this way he has, by good judgment

and sagacity, fair dealings and attention to his affairs,
acquired a possession of real estate, varied and valuable,
in different parts of the city. As a landlord and party
in interest in property held by others, Mr. Buttrick has
always been kind-hearted and disposed to assist those
who were inclined to assist themselves. He has helped
many to preserve their homes when, under a more exact
ing man, they might not have been able to keep them.
As a citizen he has always taken an interest in the affairs
of the town and city,
and contributed his
advice and support
to all matters, public
and private, affecting
the welfare of the
community. In ma
terial aid to the many
objects constantly
presenting them
selves for individual
assistance, he has be
stowed his benefac
tions willingly and
liberally. Mr. But
trick has been for
many years a director
n the Waltham Na
tional Bank, is presi
dent of the Waltham
Music Hall Company
and a director in the
New England North
western Investment
Company. He was
one of the promoters
and incorporators of
the Waltham Co-op
erative Bank, and for
several years has been
its president. He
was a member of the Waltham Board of Selectmen for
several years, and was on the last board under the town
government. Air. Buttrick is a man unassuming in life
and manner, and bears the burden of business easily
and quietly. He is considered one of the best author
ities on real estate and financial matters in Waltham,
and on these matters his advice is often sought by his
fellow-citizens. In 1849 he was married to Miss
Augusta Al. Farwell.

FRANCIS BUTTRICK

WALTHAM.

451

r

IN the role of honcr containing the names of men
who have, by their influence, led to the develop
ment of industries which have spread the name of Wal
tham over the entire globe, none can outrank that of
Aaron L. Dennison, " the father of the American watch
industry," for it was his suggestions and influence which
brought to Waltham the germ of the present watch fac
tory. Indeed, he was the master spirit in its commence
ment, and up to the time of his retiring from the busi
ness, in December,
1 86 1, he was the in
spiring spirit of the
enterprise. He was
born in Freeport,
Me., in 1812. His
father was a shoe
maker, and young
Dennison was
obliged to contribute
his mite to the in
come of the family.
He commenced work
as a tender for a
mason, and worked
at odd hours with
his father as a shoe
maker. At eighteen
years of age he was
apprenticed to a
clockmaker in Bruns
wick, Me. In this
business Mr. Denni-
son's inventive fac
ulties had full play.
He made great im
provements in the
then crude system of
manufacture. After
finishing his appren
ticeship he went to
Boston and was employed by several well-known firms
in the watch and jewelry trade. Mr. Dennison very
early discovered the lack of system in the manufacture
of both the English and Swiss watches, and having
studied the system of gun and pistol manufacture, he
conceived the idea that by manufacturing in large quan
tities and securing interchangeability of parts, watches
could be made much cheaper and better. This led him
to spend most of his evenings in studying the problem

•*>•-

AARON L. DENNISON

of the creation of an American watch industry. He
met with serious difficulty in securing capital, but in
1849 he met Edward Howard, then engaged in the
manufacture of clocks, post-office scales, standard
weights and measures, fire engines, sewing machines,
etc., and who at that time was considering the subject
of going into the manufacture of locomotives. Mr.
Dennison persuaded him to give up that project and
converted him to his project of watch making. After
securing the neces
sary capital, they
organized the War
ren Manufacturing
Company. The
present output is two
thousand watch
movements per day,
with a force of
twenty-eight hun
dred. Mr. Denni-
son's peculiar genius
lay in devising ways
and means. His
constant study of
methods was such
that it has been said
that " nothing could
be proposed in watch
manufacture that
Mr. Dennison had
not already pro-
posed." The origi
nal company formed
in Roxbury, through
Mr. Dennison's sug
gestions and influ
ence, was brought to
Waltham in 1854,
and was the first and
only watch factory in
the world that has ever produced in its factory a com
plete watch ready for the pocket, making cases, dials,
hands, jewels and hair springs. In 1850 there were
no watches manufactured in this country. In forty-
three years the business has developed so that the out
put of the American watch industry is sixty-five hundred
movements per day, and an equal number of cases are
made*. Prices of medium grade watches have been
reduced from fifty dollars to twelve dollars.

452

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

HENRY NOAH FISHER, the president and
treasurer of the New England Northwestern
Investment Company of Seattle, Wash., has lived in
Waltham the greater portion of his life, and has been
prominently identified with all measures to increase its
prosperity. He is the son of Noah and Esther (Page)
Fisher, and was born in Barton, Orleans County, Vt.,
June 5, 1842. His father's family removed to Nashua,
N. H., when he was an infant, and his education was
obtained in the pub
lic schools of that
city. When he was
young his father
died, and he was
early obliged to seek
an entrance into
mercantile life. He
commenced as a
clerk in a grocery
store in Nashua, and
in 1859 went to
Waltham, securing
employment in the
American Waltham
Watch Company.
He rose rapidly from
one position to an
other, until he occu
pied one of the most
important executive
offices in the com
pany. When the
war broke out Mr.
Fisher enlisted in
Company D, Thirty-
fifth Massachusetts
Infantry, in July,
1862, and partici
pated in the battles
of South Mountain
and Antietam. On the 17th of September, 1862, he
was wounded at Antietam, his right shoulder being
fractured by a shell. He was confined to the hospital
until Alarch 4, 1863, when he received an honorable
discharge. Mr. Fisher is an honored member of the
Masonic fraternity, and has held high and important
offices in that institution. He is a past master of the
Isaac Parker Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, of
Waltham ; past high priest of Waltham Royal Arch Chap-

HENRY N. FISHER

ter ; a member of the De Molay Commandery, Knights
Templar, of Boston, Massachusetts Consistory, thirty-
second degree, and of Aleppo Temple, Order of the
Mystic Shrine. He is the past commander of F. P. H.
Rogers Post 29, Grand Army of the Republic, Waltham.
He is a member of the Middlesex and Century clubs,
both of Boston, and was president of the Mayors' Club
in 1890 and 1891. When Waltham was incorporated
as a city, in 1885, he was elected to serve on the first
Board of Aldermen,
and was elected pres
ident of the board.
He was re-elected in
1 886 both to the
board and the presi
dency of the same.
In 1887 he was
elected mayor on
the Re public an
ticket, and his ad
ministration was so
acceptable that in
1888 he was re
elected without an
opposing ticket.
His popularity did
not wane in the
least, and in 1889
and 1890 was for
a third and fourth
time elected to the
office of mayor, no
candidate being
nominated in oppo
sition. On account
of his interests in
the New England
N orth western
Investment Com
pany he refused to
serve another term as mayor, and in April, 1890, re
signed his position in the watch factory for the same
reason. He is largely interested in the American
Watch Tool Company, a trustee in the Waltham Savings
Bank, is a member of the firm of James A. Davis & Co.,
Boston, wholesale coal, coke and cement, and director
of the United Anthracite Collieries Company of Penn
sylvania. He was married, Aug. 17, 1876, to Joanna E.
Bradeen, of Limerick, Me.

WAL THAM.

453

BRADSHAW S. TOLMAN was born in Waltham in
185 1, and has always made his home there. He
is the oldest son of John E. and Sarah F. Tolman, has
never married, and resides on the Tolman estate on
Moody Street. He was educated in the public schools
of his native city. When scarcely grown to manhood,
at the age of nineteen years, he was placed in the
responsible position of superintendent of the Waltham &
Newton Street Railway, which position he held for a
number of years.
His energetic efforts
did much to put that
corporation on a pay
ing basis. Air. Tol
man was for many
years a member of the
Board of Assessors of
Waltham, where his
excellent judgment
of real estate values
and familiarity with
the property interests
of the city made his
services peculiarly
valuable. He is at
present chairman of
the Board of Sewer
Commissioners,
which has recently
finished a complete
system of sewerage,
extending through
thirty-five miles of
streets, embracing
the whole of the
thickly settled part of
the city, and forming
a branch of the great
metropolitan sewer
age system now being
built by the State. He also holds the office of treasurer
of the Waltham Screw Company, in which he has a
considerable financial interest. Through his efforts
capitalists have become interested in the enterprise,
and another factory, situated on the banks of the
Charles River, has been added to the long list of indus
tries for which Waltham is justly noted. For nearly
twenty years Mr. Tolman has been actively engaged in
the real estate business, and is himself a large owner

BRADSHAW S. TOLMAN

of real estate, and trustee and manager of several
important estates. No active business man in the city
has been more prominently identified with the real
estate interests of Waltham than he. He has placed on
the market more than one half of the land in that sec
tion of the city known as the South Side, where are
located the factories of the American Waltham Watch
Company, the American Watch Tool Company, and
several other manufacturing companies. When Mr.
Tolman first went
into business nearly
all the land lying east
of Moody Street was
unimproved. He
took hold of the land
of the Newton Chem
ical Company and
the Crafts, Cutter,
Stearns and Reed
estates, each contain-
taining large tracts in
this locality, and has
rapidly and success
fully developed them.
The growth of this
section has out
stripped a 1 1 other
parts of the city and
has been almost phe
nomenal. Where
there were but a few
years ago large pas
tures and fields cov
ered with bushes
and shrubs, there are
now wide streets,
carefully laid out, and
lined with those sub
stantial and well-
built residence
which every citizen of Waltham is proud to point out
as the homes of its prosperous skilled mechanics. The
values of land in thisj section^have^ increased more than
sixfold in the last eight years, and so rapidly has the
property been improved that at present few lots remain
available for building purposes. Air. Tolman's business
interests have brought him into contact with so many
people that he may be said to be one of the best and
most favorably known of the city's business men.

THE fame of Quincy granite is world-wide. Quincy to-day is a bright star in the galaxy of Massachusetts
municipalities. For the first century and a half of the country's history, dating from the landing of the
Pilgrims, Quincy was an integral part of Braintree. In 1792 Quincy (the north precinct) became a town. In
1888 the town became a city with a somewhat unique and peculiar charter. The city government is divided into
two branches, the legislative and executive. The legislative branch consists of a city council, composed of twenty-
three members ; three from each ward and five at large. The executive department consists of the mayor and the
various officials, all of whom are appointed by him and for whom he is responsible. The appointing power is
vested in the mayor exclusively, and is not subject to the approval of or the interference of the council. The heads
of departments through their chief, the mayor, recommend to the council such measures as are demanded by their
departments. The council through its committees investigates and proposes such legislation as it deems proper.
The heads of departments consist of city clerk, treasurer, commissioner of public works, solicitor, chief engineer
of the fire department, deputy manager of police, overseer of the poor and assessors.
The history of Quincy is intimately interwoven with that of the nation. The Quincys, Adamses, Hancocks,
Reveres, and other well-known men have given her a widespread reputation in which her citizens take a just pride.
Within her precincts repose the remains of two presidents of the Union, John Adams and John Quincy Adams.
Their descendants to-day are the leaders in thought and in high-minded, ennobling statesmanship.
With a population of over twenty thousand, which is rapidly increasing in numbers, the city has bright
prospects. The chief industry and the one which has given the city a universal fame is the granite industry. In
this, the largest granite manufacturing centre of the world, employment is given to two thousand sober, intelligent,
industrious mechanics. The granite from her quarries may be found in every portion of this country and many
parts of the globe. The city enjoys every modern convenience — electric cars which connect all sections of her
domains ; electric lights ; an ample water supply ; a model city charter, and an industrious, thriving, sober, intelli
gent citizenship. For ten years she has been rid of the liquor curse, and the prohibition banner has been her
standard. During the decade 1880-90, the city had a wonderful growth. In the matter of building there was a
gain of one thousand and thirteen houses, and it has rapidly increased in the past two years.
With a water front of many miles, it is not surprising that the Quincy Yacht Club should be one of the
most prosperous in the State. In educational matters Quincy has always been in the van, and the Quincy system,
so styled, inaugurated by General Francis A. Walker in 1875, has acquired a wide reputation and has been exten
sively imitated. The city has some of the finest school buildings in the country, and spends large sums annually in
support of her schools.
Quincy draws a large portion of her citizenship from the business men of Boston, who make their homes
within her borders and spend their leisure hours within her bounds. The residences of Quincy's business popula
tion will compare favorably with those of any other municipality in tasteful design and finish and attractive
surroundings. Among the buildings of interest are the " Stone Temple," the house of worship of the First Unita
rian parish, within whose walls are entombed the two presidents ; the two ancient Adams houses, the birthplace
and home of the two rulers; the City Hall, built of Quincy granite ; the Willard schoolhouse, costing $100,000;
Faxon Hall, a perpetual monument to the efforts of that indomitable fighter of the liquor interests, Mr. Henry H.
Faxon; Adams's Block, erected by the Adams family; Durgin & Merrill Block; Robertson Block; Adams Academy;
the Old Hancock House ; the Episcopal Church ; the Wollaston Unitarian Church, and Atlantic Alusic Hall.
The statistics of 1891 were as follows : polls, 5,160; increase, 519 ; value of personal property, $2, 973, 100;
resident bank stock, $295,805 ; gain, $59,695; real estate buildings, $5,490,725; land, $5,667,400; total, $11,-
158,125; gain, $689,925; total real estate and personal valuation, $14,427,030 ; total gain, $749,620; houses,
2,935 ; gain, 169. Two national banks, a savings bank and two co-operative banks make up the city's financial
institutions.

QUINCY.

455

IN Hon. Henry O. Fairbanks the city of Quincy has
had a wide-awake, progressive mayor, the past two
years. He was born in Boston, June 21, 1852, and is
consequently in his forty-first year. He was the son of
Mr. Moses Fairbanks, a former well-known Boston mer
chant, and one of the first to interest themselves in the
building and development of WoUaston in Quincy, one
of Boston's most beautiful suburbs. Mayor Fairbanks
spent his earlier years in the Athens of America, and
received his educa
tion in her schools.
Completing his stud
ies in 1869, when he
graduated from the
English High School,
he began his business
career. He first en
tered the office of
Messrs. Nazro & Co.,
flour dealers of Bos
ton, and during his
twelve years' associa
tion with that well-
known firm, applied
himself so assidu
ously to acquiring a
knowledge of the
business that, in
1 88 1, he felt that his
experience justified
him in starting in
business for himself.
His judgment proved
correct, and he has
succeeded by dint of
pluck, perseverance
and superior ability
in establishing a
lucrative trade. He
is at present the
eastern agent for several well-known Western flour mills,
and has an office at No. 78 Commercial Street, Boston.
Mayor Fairbanks first became a citizen of Quincy in
1875, when he removed with his family to WoUaston, a
then comparatively new territory, in which his father,
Moses Fairbanks, took a deep interest. For the past
seventeen years he has been recognized as among the
social leaders of WoUaston, and is a general favorite
in social circles. He is a prominent member of the

HENRY 0. FAIRBANKS

Masonic fraternity and Knights of Honor. He is a
past master in the former and a past dictator in the
latter order. He has been honored with a commission
as district deputy grand master of the Twenty-fourth
Masonic District, which position he filled with great
satisfaction to the lodges in his charge. He first became
prominent in politics in 1888, when the town of Quincy
adopted a charter, and was elected from Ward Five,
WoUaston, to the first City Council. He was re-elected
in the following year,
and when the City
Council organized in
1890 he was selected
by its members to
preside over its de-
lib erations. This
position he filled in
so acceptable a man
ner, and with such
marked ability, that
he was selected as
the Republican
standard - bearer in
the campaign of that
year, and was elected
as the chief execu
tive of the young
and thriving city by
a handsome majority.
He was again a can
didate for like honors
in 1 8 9 1 , and was
again elected by a
flattering vote. Dur
ing the two years of
service in the muni
cipal harness Mayor
Fairbanks has proved
a popular and able
executive, and has
been notably fortunate in his appointments to the
various municipal offices. During his administration
he has been called upon to decide matters of vast
moment to the city, particularly the purchase of the
Quincy Water Supply Company's plant and franchise,
and in all of them he has displayed his characteristic
business ability and a thorough appreciation of the
various needs of the municipality. Mayor Fairbanks is
married, and has a charming home.

456

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

PROBABLY the best-known unofficial leader in
Massachusetts politics to-day is Air. Henry
Hardwick Faxon, the Quincy philanthropist and zealous
worker for temperance legislation. Henry Hardwick
Faxon, son of Job and Judith B. (Hardwick) Faxon,
was born in Quincy, Mass., Sept. 28, 1823. He is de
scended in the eighth generation from Thomas Faxon,
who came from England to America before 1647, set
tling in that part of Braintree which is now Quincy.
Henry passed his
youth on his father's
farm, enjoying com
mon school advan
tages. He was ap
prenticed to the
shoemaker's trade
when about sixteen,
and in 1843, with his
brother John, began
the manufacture of
boots and shoes.
About 1846 he
opened a retail gro
cery and provision
store in Quincy,
which he conducted
for seven years, after
which he became a
retail grocer at the
corner of South and
Beach streets, Bos
ton, the firm name
being Faxon, Wood
& Co. Two years
later he moved to
Commercial Street,
changing the title to
Faxon Bros. & Co.,
and the business to
one of wholesale
transactions. In 1861, retiring from the partnership,
he went to New Orleans and made large purchases of
molasses. The next year he engaged in speculation on
Chatham Street, Boston, and subsequently on India
Wharf. Relinquishing speculation, he dealt extensively
in real estate, making in this the bulk of his fortune,
and is now the largest individual real estate owner in
Quincy. He married, Nov. 18, 1852, Mary B., daughter
of Israel W. and Priscilla L. (Burbank) Munroe. Mrs.

4Br.:t

HENRY H. FAXON

Faxon died, Sept. 6, 1885, leaving one son, Henry
Munroe, born May 22, 1864. Mr. Faxon represented
his native town in the State Legislatures of 1864 and
1 87 1. His attention was first attracted to the temper
ance question while a member of that body. He was
a police officer in Quincy from 1881 to 1886, inclusive,
and was re-appointed by Mayor Porter in 1889. His
church connections are with the Unitarian society. Mr.
Faxon's political affiliations in the past have been with
the Republican party,
except in 1884, when
he was Prohibition
candidate for lieu
tenant-governor.
The extent -of Mr.
Faxon's influence in
State politics was well
illustrated in 1879.
Thomas Talbot was
governor, and Gen
eral Butler loomed
up as an opposition
candidate. Governor
Talbot's friends
urged him to accept
a re-nomination. Mr.
Faxon's coolness and
shrewdness led him
to see inevitable de
feat. He made sug
gestions so full of
potency that His
Excellency thought
it prudent to decline
to again head the
State ticket. The
contest narrowed to
Hon. Henry L. Pierce
and Lieutenant-Gov
ernor John D. Long.
'Phe former had influence and wealth and was a favorite
with the party's " older heads " and its leading news
papers. Mr. Faxon called a convention of temperance
men of the State. Air. Pierce favored license, while
Mr. Long was sound on prohibition. The occasion was
one of great enthusiasm. Mr. Long's candidacy was
given an impetus that made his success in the conven
tion a certainty. He was nominated on the first ballot,
and handsomely elected over General Butler.

QUINCY.

457

THE traditions of a remarkable family are worthily
upheld in the person of the present Josiah Quincy,
of Quincy. Though only thirty-three years of age, he has
already given ample proof of his ability as a legislator
as well as a capacity for executive responsibility which
is not often met with in -a man of his years. Josiah
Quincy is a member of the famous Quincy family, and
was born in the city which bears his name, Oct. 15,
1859, and was educated at the Adams Academy, later
entering Harvard
College, from which
he graduated in the
class of 1880. He
studied law at the
Harvard Law School,
and was admitted to
the Suffolk bar in
1883. In 1887 Mr.
Quincy was elected
a member of the
Massachusetts Legis-
latur e, being re-
elected in 1888,
1889 and 189 1.
The break in his
legislative career
in the year 1890
was caused by h i s
selection as the
Democratic candi
date for Congress in
his district. The
district was heavily
Republican and Mr.
Quincy was defeated.
During his terms in
the Legislature, he
served with distinc
tion on the commit-
tees on Labor,
Woman Suffrage, Rules, Election Laws and Taxation,
and took an active part in the perfection of the Austra
lian ballot law. He also acted as a member of the
Special Committee on Child Labor, on which he did
good service. Mr. Quincy's influence has been felt in
securing some of the most important reforms which
have been incorporated into the statutes of Massachu
setts within the past few years. He early manifested an
aptitude for politics, and in 1881 was elected secretary

JOSIAH QUIN'CY.

of the Massachusetts Civil Service Reform League, two
years later being elected secretary of the Massachusetts
Tariff Reform League. He was one of the founders
and first chairman of the executive committee of the
Young Men's Democratic Club of Massachusetts, an
organization which has done much hard work in behalf
of the Democratic party in the State. Mr. Quincy was
chosen secretary of the Democratic State Committee in
1890 and chairman of its executive committee in 1891,
and he was elected
to the chairmanship
of the committee in
1892, on the resig
nation of Judge
Corcoran. At the
Democratic National
Convention, held at
Chicago in June,
1892, Mr. Quincy
was selected as the
Massachusetts mem
ber of the D e m o-
cr ati c National
Committee. His
colleagues on the
committee recog
nized his practical
ability by placing him
in charge of the com
mittee on campaign
literature, in which
capacity he had much
to do with the con
duct of the cam
paign of 1892. Mr.
Quincy is cool, cal
culating and wonder
fully practical in all
his movements, logi
cal in his speeches,
which always bristle with facts, arguments and statistics,
but according to those who are his intimate acquaint
ances, his cold exterior is no index to the kindly nature
of which he is possessed. Few Democrats in New
England, of the younger generation, have performed
such effective service for the cause of tariff reform, his
efforts in this direction, equally with his other political
services, having gained for him a national reputation
and the esteem of the party leaders at Washington.

458

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

THEOPHILUS KING, banker, organizer and man
of affairs, was born in Rochester, Plymouth
County, Dec. 14, 1844. He attended the public school,
and afterwards the Rochester Academy, until he was
sixteen years of age. He had the advantage of quite a
varied experience in affairs, for his father's business was
somewhat heterogeneous. He owned a farm, kept a
country store, conducted a saw-mill, was town clerk,
postmaster, justice of the peace and fire insurance
agent. Theophilus
assisted his father in
some of the depart
ments of his busi
ness, but it was on
the farm that he
found his special
pleasure, in tilling
that portion that his
father had set aside
for his use. He
managed to save in
the first year of his
farming $2.50, with
which he started an
account at the sav
ings bank, seven
miles away. This
had increased to
$231.20 when he
was sixteen, with
which sum he left
home to engage in
the leather business,
as clerk with the
firm of Johnson &
Thompson. At this
time he developed
great fondness for
athletic sports, so he
made one of a unique
base-ball organization called the "Early Dawns," which
practised on Boston Common from five to seven o'clock
every morning. Mr. King played on first base, and
showed the same prowess there that has distinguished
his business life. After nearly eight years as clerk and
salesman, during which time he travelled over a large
part of the country, Mr. King formed a partnership vvith
Charles B. Bryant, under the firm name of Bryant &
King, and they started business on the corner of Pearl

THEOPHILUS KING

and Purchase streets. The Boston fire compelled their
removal to South Street. A tannery at Clinton had in
the meantime been added to the business. The burst
ing of a dam in 1876 swept away in a few moments this
monument of years of patient industry and business
endeavor. Nothing daunted, 'and making a satisfactory
arrangement with their creditors, the firm started a tan
nery at Woburn, and at the end of six years, having
recovered by law part of the property destroyed, the
firm had paid every
creditor in full on
claims long since
cancelled. Success
attended the firm
until 1887, when a
period of depression
set in, and the busi
ness was transferred
to a company. Mr.
King has been called
upon to act as as
signee, trustee and
receiver, and has
since turned his at
tention to banking.
His success is shown
in the fact that he is
now president of the
National Granite
Bank of Quincy, and
vice-president of the
National Bank of
Redemption of Bos
ton. He was instru
mental in bringing
about the incorpora
tion, and becoming
treasurer, of the Riv
erside Worsted Mills,
Atlantic Mills, and
Eureka Silk Company, representing an aggregate capital
of $3,126,000, furnishing employment to 4,500 people,
and doing an annual business of over $7,000,000. As
trustee, Mr. King has had control of one of the largest
cotton mills in Canada, and has brought about the
incorporation of the seven colored cotton mills of the
Dominion. Mr. King is trustee of several estates, and
a director in other institutions. He takes an active
interest in church and temperance work.

QUINCY.

459

q:

|UINCY granite leads the world, and AlcDonnell &
Sons, of Quincy, are the leaders in the granite
industry of America. Mr. Thomas H. AlcDonnell, of
this firm, is the active head of the concern. He was
born in Quincy, Aug. 18, 1848, and attended the schools
of his native place, subsequently taking a thorough busi
ness course at Comer's Commercial College. Upon
completing his studies he associated himself, vvith his
father, the late Patrick AlcDonnell, in the granite busi
ness with his brother,
John Q. Under
their able and judi-
c i o u s management
the name of McDon
nell & Sons has ac
quired a national
reputation, not alone
for the excellence of
the work produced
by them, but for
their integrity and
square dealing.
They now own
twenty acres of the
best quarry land in
Quincy, as well as
an extensive quarry
of fine light granite
at Barre, Vt. Be
sides the quarries,
t h e equipment of
steam engines, drills
and other appropri
ate machinery for
operating them, i s
very complete and
effective, and some
of it, specially con
structed for the use
of the firm, quite
costly, yet necessary, since McDonnell & Sons, in addi
tion to their monument interests, do more in finished
and building granite than any other Quincy firm. One
of their derricks alone is capable of removing a one
hundred ton block at a single lift, and thirty thousand
feet of lumber is annually consumed in boxing goods
for shipment. Nearly two hundred workmen are
employed, and it requires eight thousand dollars a
month to pay for the labor at the quarries and the

thomas h. McDonnell

yards. In addition to the extensive works at Quincy
and Barre, they have three yards at Buffalo, N. Y., viz. .
Main Street, Pine Hill Branch and the Limestone Hill
Granite Company at West Seneca, and also offices at
Indianapolis, Ind., and Albany, N. Y. They recon
structed the Soldiers' Monument at Buffalo, a most
difficult and delicate undertaking, and were highly com
plimented by the committee for the thorough manner
in which the work was done. Their more noted pro
ductions include the
Blocher canopy at
Buffalo, costing
twenty-five thousand
dollars ; General
George B. McClel-
lan's monument, at
Trenton, N. J. ; the
C. W. Mackey family
monument, at Frank
lin, Pa. ; the Shoe
maker monument, at
Spring Grove, Cin
cinnati ; the Seventy-
seventh Regiment
Monument, at Sara
toga, while nearly
every cemetery of
note in the country
contains specimens
of their superb work-
in anshi p. They
were the first firm
in Quincy to intro
duce the American
Pneumatic Tool
Company's apparatus
for carving and cut
ting stone, to super
sede hand labor, Air.
AlcDonnell being a
large stockholder in the company. He was one of the
promoters of the Quincy & Boston Electric Railway,
and has been a director since its incorporation ; he
was also one of the originators of the Security Live
Stock Insurance Company of Boston, and has been its
president since it was formed. In 1892 Air. AlcDonnell,
accompanied by Rev. T. J. Danahy, enjoyed a European
trip, and while in Rome they were accorded the rare
privilege of a private audience with Pope Leo XIII.

THP^ city of Lawrence is twenty-six miles north of Boston and twenty- three from the mouth of the Merrimack
River. It ranks to-day as one of the most flourishing manufacturing cities in New England. Early in 1843,
Daniel Saunders conceived the idea of building a dam across the Merrimack River, and two years later the desired
privilege was granted by the Legislature. The first stone of the dam was laid Sept. 19, 1845, and the total cost of
the structure was $525,773.36. Canals have been built on both sides of the river, and furnish water power for
all the mills and smaller industrial establishments located on the banks. The Bay State, now the Washington,
mills were organized in 1845, with a capital of $1,000,000, which has since been increased to $2,500,000. The
same year the Atlantic Cotton mills were incorporated, with a capital of $2,000,000. Early in 1853 the Pacific
mills were built, and later two others, known as the Central and Lower Pacific mills, with a capital of $2,500,000.
The mill of the Lawrence Duck Company was built in 1853. In the same year the old Pemberton mill building
was erected, which fell on the afternoon of Jan. 10, 1861, burying in its ruins six hundred persons, of whom eighty-
seven were killed outright, forty-three others severely injured, and two disabled for life. The mills were promptly
rebuilt, and are doing a flourishing business. In many respects the Arlington mills have proved a greater success
than any of the others in the city. They were incorporated in 1865, with an original capital of $200,000, in a
wooden structure, which was totally destroyed by fire the following year. The plant since built is valued at
$2,300,000. Besides the above there are nearly forty other manufacturing establishments, valued at over S13, 670,000 in
all, which with other taxable property in the city in 1892 was valued at $32,527,937. In all, one hundred and
forty-three standard mill-powers, or eleven thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine gross horse-power, are developed
by the dam spanning the Merrimack River, of which one hundred and thirty and one half are sold, and the remain
ing twelve and one half mill-powers will be granted appurtenant to some one thousand feet of canal frontage,
which is unoccupied in South Lawrence.
There are five lines of railroads centering in Lawrence, with eighty-four trains arriving or departing daily.
The total capital of the local national banks is $1,125,000, while the deposits in the savings banks exceed 87,500,-
000, mainly the earnings of the mill operatives or mechanics.
The city is supplied with two reservoirs, with a capacity of forty-one million gallons of water; lighted
entirely throughout the streets, avenues and parks by electricity. There are twenty-nine churches, twenty-one
school-houses, and a public library containing thirty-three thousand volumes. The fire department is admitted to
be as efficient as any in New England, the insurance rates being lower than in any other city in Massachusetts.
During the year 1893 the tracks of the Merrimack Valley Street Railroad are to be extended so as to connect with
those in Lowell, Haverhill and Newburyport.
The mill operatives and laboring classes, which form the mass of the population, are generally reliable,
efficient and but little inclined to resort to strikes. There is little disturbance of the relations between employers
and employees. Lawrence is one of the shire towns in Essex County, girl around with hills, free from any taint of malaria,
with wide streets, and from a comparatively recent birth has grown with remarkable rapidity. An armory for the
use of the two local military organizations was completed in 1892, its cost being upwards of $100,000. In short,
there are but few places in New England which afford so good an opening for additional manufacturing enter
prises, owing to the unsurpassed water supply, excellent railroad facilities, and favorable atmospheric conditions.
The population of Lawrence is about 50,000.

LA WRENCE.

461

HENRY PLUMMER DOE is one of the best-
known and influential men of Lawrence, in
which city he has passed nearly all his life, and by it
been honored with the highest gift in its possession, —
that of mayor, which office he is filling the present year
(1892). Born in October, 1841, in the little town of
Methuen, Mass., he attended the public schools of that
town, and afterwards the schools of Lawrence. When
twenty years of age he went to Boston and secured
employment in a
jewelry firm. For
six years he re
mained in the store, |
and acquired a thor- ,
ough knowledge of
the business. He
then returned to
Lawrence, and estab
lished himself in the
business which he
has since carried on
with eminent suc
cess. His jewelry
store is conceded to
be the finest in the
city. Mr. Doe is
married, and has one
daughter. He re
sides at 336 Haver
hill Street. He is a
prominent member
and attendant at the
Universalist Church.
In politics he is a
stanch Democrat, , I
and has served his
party with distinc
tion. He made his
entrance into public
life in 1872, being
elected to the Common Council from Ward Three, and
he did good service on several important committees.
His natural enthusiasm drew him so far into public
matters, and he performed whatever he undertook with
such thoroughness, that he found the duties of the office
took too much of his time, and he declined a re-election.
Several times during succeeding years he was earnestly
solicited to allow his name to be used, but all these
offers were declined until 1881, when he acceded to the

great pressure brought to bear upon him, and became a
candidate for the Board of Aldermen for Ward Four.
His competitor on the Republican ticket was a member
of the Board of Aldermen, and was considered an almost
invincible candidate, but when the votes were cast and
counted on election day, it was found that the people
had elected Mr. Doe with a plurality rising one thousand
over his opponent. He served the term with credit to
himself and the city, and gained a good insight into
municipal methods.
His party tendered
him a unanimous re
nomination the fol
lowing year, but
again Mr. Doe found
himself compelled to
decline the honor.
In 1891 he con
sented to become
the candidate of his
party for mayor, and
was elected by a
handsome vote.
H i s administration
was vigorous, pro
gressive and able,
and another term
was offered him, but
following his previous
policy, he retired
after serving one
year. Mayor Doe is
a director in a num
ber of the financial
and charitable insti
tutions of Lawrence.
He is popular in so
ciety. He is a prom-
i n e n t and active
member of many
secret and fraternal societies, among which are Adelphic
Lodge, Knights of Honor ; Monadnock Lodge, Inde
pendent Order of Odd Fellows ; Security Lodge, Knights
and Ladies of Honor ; Lawrence Council, Royal Arca
num ; the Order of United Friends, and the New Eng
land Order of Protection. Being a liberal Democrat,
and not a strict partisan, Mayor Doe has hosts of
friends in both political parties, and received many
Republican votes in the municipal contest.

HENRY P. DOE.

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

AAIONG the active and public-spirited citizens of
Lawrence, there are but few who have done more
than John K. Norwood to promote the prosperity of the
city, where he has resided more than thirty-three years.
From a comparatively humble start in a business career,
he has succeeded in building up the largest insurance
agency in the city. Mr. Norwood was born in East-
port, Ale., Aug. 6, 1837, and after the death of his
father, which occurred in 1858, he contributed for many
years to the support
of the family. Go
ing to Lawrence, he
went into the insur
ance business, taking
the agency at first of
the Citizens' Mutual
of Boston and of the
Alerrimack Mutual of
Andover. At the
present time, how
ever, he is the Law
rence agent for the
following stock com
panies ; .FAna of
Hartford, Home of
New York, Fire Asso
ciation of Philadel
phia, North British
and Alercantile o f
England, Williams
burg City of New
York, Merchants of
Newark, Phcenix of
London, Westchester
of New York, Han
over of New York,
American of Newark,
Girard of Philadel
phia, I'nited Fire
men's of Philadel
phia, Providence-Washington of Providence, Caledonian
of Scotland ; also of these mutual companies : The
Merrimack of Andover, Traders and Mechanics of
Lowell, Worcester of Worcester, Quincy of Boston,
Merchants and Farmers of Worcester, Lowell of Lowell,
Cambridge of Cambridge, Dedham of Dedham, Nor
folk of Dedham, Dorchester of Dedham, Citizens of
Boston, Fitchburg of Fitchburg, Travellers' Accident
of Hartford, Connecticut Mutual Life of Hartford.

JOHN K. NORWOOD

During the war Mr. Norwood enlisted in the Ninth
Massachusetts Battery, and was severely wounded at
Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. The following justly deserved
tribute has been paid him by Major Bigelow: "When
I joined the battery, I brought a colored servant with
me, who, a few days after reaching camp was pros
trated with a fever. For a week the boy lay insensible
from the effects of the fever; and yet Mr. Norwood
tenderly watched over and cared for him. At Gettys
burg, his horse's
head was shot away
by a canon ball. He
freed himself, cut
the dead animal
loose, and then
coolly mounted an-
other, which in turn
was soon shot, as
were all the others
attached to his gun.
He then joined the
only person left on
his gun unhurt, and
remained fighting
until he himself was
well-nigh fatally
wounded." Mr. Nor
wood was president
of the Board of
Trade two years,
and made herculean
efforts to inspire
energy in the citizens
to the end of pro
moting the pros
perity of the city.
He joined the Law
rence fire depart
ment in 1858, and is
president of the
Lawrence Veteran Firemen's Association. Besides
these, he is an active member of the Old Residents'
Association, Home Club, Pine Tree State Club, Need-
ham Post 39, Grand Army of the Republic, Ninth
Massachusetts Battery Association and the Gettysburg
Pilgrim Club. He is married, and has two children.
Although a Republican of the more conservative type,
he has been frequently mentioned as a candidate for
the highest municipal office by men of all parties.

LA WHENCE.

463

ALEXANDER BERN BRUCE, the youngest mayor
Lawrence has ever had, has been three times
elected to that high office. Higher honors still would
have been bestowed upon him, if he could have been
induced to accept them. His popularity is not confined
to the limits of the city which he has so faithfully served,
but extends thoughout the congressional district. From
his boyhood Mr. Bruce has displayed a remarkably alert
and self-reliant disposition, which has stimulated him to
self-culture and suc
cess. He is emphat
ically a self-made
man. He was born
in Brechin, Scotland,
Sept. 17, 1853, and
at an early age came
to this country with
his parents. They
were residents of
Andover, where he
lived until reaching
the age of fifteen
years. He then went
to Lawrence and se
cured a position as
workman in the bak
ery of the late Jona
than P. Kent. Com
mencing at the foot
of the ladder, he rose
to the upper round
before working there
six years, being pro
moted to the position
of foreman of the es
tablishment. After
Mr. Kent's death
Mr. Bruce managed
the business affairs
until 1 88 1, when he
purchased an interest in the concern, which until Feb.
3, 1 89 1, was known by the firm name of Kent & Bruce.
On the latter date Mr. Bruce became the sole proprietor of
the largely-increased plant, which is with one exception
the largest cracker and biscuit bakery in New lungland,
throughout which the excellent quality of its products are
well known. At the time of the Johnstown disaster, as
quickly as news was received that assistance was needed,
Mr. Bruce secured a large-sized freight car, and filling it

ALEXANDER B. BRUCE

with the best brand of crackers and other goods manu
factured by his firm, he shipped it as quickly as possible
to the mayor of Johnstown as a gift from his firm. Few
persons blessed with an abundance of worldly wealth
have given more liberally to the poor in every worthy
cause, and the inmates of charitable institutions have on
many occasions been made glad through his generosity.
He is a member of several of the leading secret and
social organizations, and in several of them has been
honored with the
highest offices. Dur
ing his political ca
reer Mr. Bruce won
additional laurels
each successive year.
He was elected an
alderman from Ward
Five in 1884, and
mayor of Lawrence
in 1886-87. During
h i s administration
the Union Street
bridge, an iron
structure, costing
$65,000, was built,
and it was largely
due to his persistent
efforts by appealing
to the higher courts,
that the city was
relieved of paying
the sum of $25,000,
which was originally
assessed on it, and
that sum was pro
vided for by the
other towns in the
county. The new
protective wagon and
other apparatus of
the fire department were purchased under his adminis
tration. Mr. Bruce is president of the Lawrence Board
of Trade, director of the Lawrence National Bank,
trustee of the Wildey Savings Bank of Boston, director
of the Lowell, Lawrence & Haverhill Railroad, and a
director of the New England North Western Invest
ment Company. He is also a director of the Odd
Fellows' Hall Association. Mayor Bruce is popular with
men of all parties.

464

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

w

AJOR GEORGE S. MERRILL was born in
Methuen, Mass., March 10, 1837. He learned
the printer's trade in the Lawrence American office, of
which he became part proprietor in 1856. In early life
he took an interest in public affairs and earnestly es
poused the cause of the Republican party. He has
advocated its principles for more than thirty-five years,
and during nearly all that period he has been sole editor
and proprietor of the only Republican newspaper in
Lawrence. He has
filled numerous offi
cial positions since
1861, having been
appointed postmas
ter in that year, and
remaining twenty-
four years in the
office. During his
administration, mainly through his
persistent efforts, a
new post-office build
ing was provided, of
greatly increased
capacity, the carrier
system enlarged, and
much-needed mail
accommodations provided. Being an
able public speaker,
his voice was fre
quently heard on the
platform during the
political • campaigns
until within a few
years, and he has de
livered numerous Me
morial Day addresses
in various parts of
New England since
the organization of the Grand Army. Major Merrill was
a member of the Common Council in 1859-61, and again
in 1865-66, when he served as president of that branch
of the city government. He assisted in raising Com
pany B of the Fourth Massachusetts Regiment, of which
he was commissioned first lieutenant and was soon after
promoted to the captaincy, serving eleven months with
General Banks in Louisiana, from Sept. 18, 1862, to
August, 1863. To enter the service he tendered his

GEORGE S. MERRILL.

resignation as postmaster, but this was declined and
leave of absence granted by the post-office department.
From 1866 to 1869 he was adjutant of the Sixth Regi
ment, Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, which position
he resigned to accept the commission of captain of the
Fourth Light Battery, serving in that capacity four years.
Two years later, when the militia was reorganized, he
was commissioned major of the First Battalion of Light
Artillery, which office he has since filled. Major Merrill
is one of the past
commanders of
Needham Post 39,
Grand Army of the
Republic, of Law
rence. He was
State commander in
1875 and national
commander of the
Grand Army of the
Republic in 1 8 8 1,
and has held several
offices in the Military
Order of the Loyal
Legion. He was sec
retary of the Massa
chusetts Republican
State Central Com
mittee from 1869 to
1877, and president
of the Massachusetts
Press Club from
1869 to 1878. He
is a member of the
Masonic fraternity
and also of the First
Baptist Church of
Lawrence, the Home
Club and several
political organiza
tions. He has been
State insurance commissioner since 1888, and has ren
dered valuable public service in causing the suspension
of numerous irresponsible insurance organizations, which
had robbed the people of the State of hundreds of
thousands of dollars. Major Merrill disposed of his
interest in the Lawrence American in 1892. He was
married in Concord, N. H., Dec. 29, 1855, to Sarah J.
Weston. Of this union are two children, — Winfield G.
and Genevieve Merrill (now Mrs. Magee).

LAWRENCE.

4^5

JAMES R. SIMPSON is the only one of the many
ex-mayors of Lawrence who has held the highest
municipal office four terms. He was born in Canada in
1832, and his early years were passed on a farm. Dur
ing the winter months he was frequently compelled to
walk six miles daily over unbroken roads to attend
school. When fifteen years of age he graduated from
the Stanstead Academy, and then for four years he
taught a country school. At the age of nineteen, he
came to Boston and
secured a position in
a furniture store.
Later, he worked in
one of the mills in
Lowell, and in the
print works at Man
chester, N. H. Here
he rose to the posi
tion of overseer and
remained there till
the works were de
stroyed by fire. In
the spring of 1853 he
went to Lawrence
and after working for
the Pacific and
Atlantic mills entered
the employ of Shat
tuck Brothers, gro
cers. He subse
quently formed a
copartnership with
Alfred A. Lamprey,
now president of the
Lawrence Lumber
Company, and for
twenty years they
conducted the gro
cery business under
the firm name of
A. A. Lamprey & Co. In 1878 Mr. Simpson purchased
Mr. Lamprey's interest in the firm, and has since carried
on the business alone, assisted by his son, James E.
Simpson. The latter is a graduate of the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology. Mr. Simpson has been inter
ested in various business enterprises. He was one of
the most active promoters of the erection of the Mer
chants' National Bank Building and the United Order
of Pilgrim Fathers' Building, two of the finest structures

JAMES R. SIMPSON

on the main business street. He also owns much other
valuable property in the city. Mr. Simpson is president
and director of the Merchants' Bank, which, during the
four years of its existence, has done a larger business
than any other bank in Lawrence. Mr. Simpson's
political career has been distinguished by the uniform
favor with which he has been received when a candi
date for public office. He served as a member of the
Common Council in 1863, but took no part in political
matters again until
1878, when he was
elected mayor. He
was re-elected the
succeeding two years.
He was again chosen
to the same office in
1885, and at the close
of that year he de
clined a re-nomina
tion. Since then,
however, he has
served as trustee of
the water loan sink
ing fund, but has
uniformly declined
to accept other posi
tions tendered him.
He is president of
the Pilgrim Fathers'
Hall Association,
Past Master of Gre
cian Lodge of Afa-
sons, and has been
elected for twenty-
six consecutive years
its treasurer ; he is a
member of Mount
Sinai Royal Arch
Chapter and Beth-
any Commandery,
Knights Templar. Mr. Simpson has been for many years
one of the most active members of the Lawrence Board
of Trade. As private citizen, as business man and as
public official, Mr. Simpson has acquired a personal
popularity which has stood the test of time, and his
career has been marked by a strict integrity which has
gained for him the confidence and esteem of his fellow-
citizens, to whom he has repeatedly rendered such valu
able public service.

466

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

WILLIAM S. JEWETT was born in St. George,
New Brunswick, March io, 1862, and though
yet a young man of thirty-one years, he has ably admin
istered the affairs of three national banks as their presi
dent. His father, residing temporarily in New Brunswick,
returned to the United States, and to Massachusetts again
in 1865, and thus from his third year, Mr. Jewett has
made the city of Lawrence, in that State, his home. He
attended the public schools and took a partial course in the
high school. Leav
ing school, he worked
for his father in the
house furnishing
business and for
ten years devoted
himself wholly to
this line of trade.
In 1888 he began
banking. He studied
the business thor
oughly and was care
ful, aggressive and a
tireless worker.
These qualities \
shaped his career.
He became a direc
tor and subsequently
president of the
Essex National Bank
in Haverhill, Mass.,
when the deposits
of the bank amounted
only to fift y-n i n e
thousand dollars.
After a year and a
half the deposits,
under his manage
ment, increased to
four hundred thous
and d oil ar s. In
1890 he founded the Arlington National Bank of Law
rence and became its president. This position he
resigned in 1891 to become vice-president and acting
president of the National Pemberton Bank of Lawrence,
next to the oldest institution in the city, and than which
none was more prosperous. It had an invested capital
of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, undivided
profits of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, and
deposits of over four hundred thousand dollars. He

later became president of this bank and retained this
position until the bank was consolidated with the
Arlington, which he had founded three years before.
Mr. Jewett has been a busy man even outside the bank
ing business. His most important business stroke in this
particular was his purchase in June, 1892, of the entire
plant of the Lawrence American, the leading news
paper of the city. He formed a stock company, and
the paper is now being conducted more successfully
than ever before. It
is Republican in pol
itics, circulating
among a population
in Lawrence and sur
rounding towns, of
over sixty thousand
inhabitants, and is a
successful and influ
ential journal. Per
sonally, as well as in
business relations,
Air. Jewett is a most
agreeable man to
meet. He has in
his business r e 1 a -
tions the sharp, de
cisive way of arriving
at conclusions that
stamp men of execu
tive ability, but when
no business cares op
press him, he is a
most agreeable com
panion. He is mar
ried and has two
children. He at
tends Grace Episco
pal Church. Mr.
Jewett's banking ex
perience has ex
tended over a few years only, but it has been full of
brilliant successes and marks him as one of the ablest
financiers of the city. The secret of his success lies in
the fact that he thoroughly mastered all the details as
well as the principles of the business, and that all his
transactions have been characterized by the strictest
integrity. His record as the successful president of
three national banks is one to which but few men of his
years can point and is an earnest of a brilliant career.

WILLIAM S. JEWETT.

SOMERVILLE, one of Boston's bed-chambers, is built on seven hills, three miles from the capitol. Although
it celebrated its semi-centennial as a town June 17, 1892, its life has the respectability of antiquity. Its
early history is closely identified with the events which made the record of colonial times, and it points with
pride to many landmarks of national interest. The title of the original site came from Chief Webcowit of the
Pawtucket Indians, and his queen, Squa Sachem. The very first hostile demonstration made by the British in the
Revolution was the voyage up Mystic river from Boston to Ten Hills Farm, landing at a wharf, the decaying
timbers of which can still be seen. The objective point was the famous old Powder House, still standing, from
which they took two hundred and fifty casks of powder belonging to the towns of the vicinity. Somerville was
included at that time with the present district of Charlestown, under the latter name. After Bunker Hill the
retreating Americans threw up hasty fortifications on Winter and Prospect Hills, where, during the siege which
followed, the Union flag, consisting of thirteen stripes, was first unfurled in the face of the foe Jan. 1, 1776.
During the second period of her history, which ended with her incorporation as a town in 1842, six events
stand out as having a direct influence on her maturer life. The first is the completion, in 1808, of the Middlesex
Canal between Boston and Concord, N. H., the first one of any considerable length in the country, which passed
through the town's northern boundaries, where its course may still be traced. The second event was the estab
lishment of the McLean Asylum for the Insane, in 1818, by the Massachusetts General Hospital Corporation. It
still exists. It took its name in 1826 from John McLean, who gave to it nearly $100,000. June 25, 1835, saw the
opening of the Lowell Railroad. After many years two stations were designated within the town limits. The
fourth event in this period was the founding of the cemetery on Somerville Avenue in 1808. Within its unlovely
fence rest the ashes of some of Somerville's brave sons who died on Southern battlefields. The one blot on the
fair record of the State which Somerville might wish to efface, is the burning, in 1834, of the Ursuline Convent on
Alt. Benedict by an angry mob. It had been established by the Order of St. Ursula seven years before.
In 1828 the people living in the northern part of Charlestown, "outside the Neck," made the first step
towards separation, by petitioning for an act of incorporation as the town of Warren. The given reasons were
dissatisfaction with the expenditure of taxes for improvements which did not benefit them, and distant school-
houses. They were given leave to withdraw.
In 1842 the town of Somerville was formally incorporated, the result of a petition having one hundred and
fifty-two signers. Active in the passage of the bill was Charles E. Gilman, for forty-six years town and city
clerk, a man whose name is to-day one of Somerville's proudest and tenderest memories. The public property
of the new-fledged town was worth altogether $6,655, and its population was 1,103. Under its town charter the little
village grew symmetrically, blossoming out into greater intelligence and deeper religious life. In the " time that
tried men's souls " she gave of her money and her men, and liberally of both. All the improvements that mark a
town's growth to the stature of a city were added as needed. In 1871 she found that her sons numbered sufficient
to make her a city, and Jan. 1, 1872, she became the city of Somerville.
The city is essentially a residential one, though not without its business life. Its schools have ever been its
chiefest pride, known the Commonwealth over, both for their work and for their many distinguished teachers.
The several departments of the city are models of their kind, and a new hospital has just been completed which
the people are proud of. The population shown by the last census was 40,152, a gain of 15,119 in ten years.
Building is going on continually, and edifices rise almost in a night. Somerville is still growing; but it is in
the lives of her citizens that she finds her best and fullest life. The list of those to whom she owes her prosperity
is a long and honored one, through which she reaches into the "large places" of state and national life.

468

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

GEORGE ANSON BRUCE, an eminent lawyer of
great ability, has been mayor of Someville and
president of the Massachusetts Senate. He is the son
of Nathaniel and Lucy (Butterfield) Bruce. He was
born in Alount Vernon, Hillsborough County, N. H.,
Nov. 19, 1839. His early education and his prepara
tion for college were obtained at the Appleton Academy,
Alount Vernon, and he was graduated from Dartmouth
College in the class of 1861. The law engaged his
attention and he
immediately began
its study. But the
cause of the LTnion
was a greater cause,
and in 1862 he en
tered the service of
the Union Army as
first lieutenant of
the Thirteenth New
Hampshire Volun
teers. His promo
tion was rapid. He
served as aid, judge-
advocate, inspector
and assistant adju
tant-general on staff
duty. His service
extended throughout
the war, and July 3,
1865, he was mus
tered out of service.
He was honored by
three distinct brevet
promotions. The
first was for service
at Petersburg, in
1864; the second,
that of major, for
gallant service at the
capture of Fort Har
rison the same year ; and the third, that of lieutenant-
colonel, for distinguished services in connection with
the capture of Richmond, April 3, 1865. When Air.
Bruce returned to civil life, he again entered into the
study of his chosen profession in Lowell, but still kept
his residence at Alount Vernon. In 1866 he was
elected as representative to the New Hampshire Legis
lature. This was peculiarly creditable to his standing
in the community, as he was the first and only Republi-

GEORGE A. BRUCE.

can ever elected from that district. In October, 1866,
he was admitted to the bar in Lowell, and the next
year he began the practice of his profession in Boston.
He has there attained an honorable place among the
leaders of the legal fraternity, securing a large clientele
and a lucrative practice. He went to Somerville in
1874, and the same year he was appointed associate
justice of the police court. He was a member of the
Board of Aldermen in 1876, and was mayor of the city
during the years
1877, 1880 and
1881. In 1882, 1883
and 1884, he repre
sented his city in the
State Senate, being
chairman of the
Hoosac Tunnel Com
mittee and a mem
ber of the commit
tees on Afilitary Af
fairs and Constitu
tional Amendments.
The latter year he
was president of the
Senate. He was one
of the most widely
known and most pop
ular of the members
of the Legislature
during his service
there, as he was one
of the most able.
Since his retirement
from active political
life, he has given his
time and talents to
many of the impor
tant cases coming
before the Legisla
ture from year to
year. His long experience as a member of the General
Court and his wide acquaintance vvith public men make
him a dreaded antagonist and a very successful advo
cate, and he has the reputation of rarely losing a case.
During his administration of the municipal affairs of
Somerville, which gave unbounded satisfaction to the
citizens, many important public improvements were
inaugurated and carried out. In 1870 Mr. Bruce was
married in Groton to Clara Al. Hall.

SOMER VILLE.

469

THE Boston & Maine Railroad, with its various
divisions and the connections which it controls,
is one of the great railway systems not alone of New
England but of the country, and the story of its growth
would be the story of the growth of a great part of New
England north of Boston. Daniel W. Sanborn is the
general superintendent of the Boston & Maine Railroad
system, and as he has been in the railroad business for
more than thirty-three years, he has a wide acquaint
ance among railroad
and business men
throughout New
England, and is one
of the prominent fig
ures in the Massa
chusetts of to-day.
He was born at
Wakefield, N. H.,
was educated in the
public schools of his
native town and at
the Wakefield Acad
emy, learned ship
carpentry and
worked at the trade
until May, 1859,
when he entered the
railroad service at
Portsmouth, N. H.,
and was employed at
the Eastern Railroad
station there until
August, 1863. The
next two years he
was a brakeman on
a passenger train
running between
Portsmouth and
Portland. From
1864 until 187 1 he
was conductor of a passenger train on the same route ;
in 1 87 1 and 1872 his "run" was from Portland to Bos
ton; and from 1872 until 1879, between Boston and
Bangor. In the latter year he was appointed master of
transportation of the Eastern Railroad. This position
he filled with great credit to himself, and to the perfect
satisfaction of the company, until the Eastern was leased
to the Boston & Maine, when he was made superintend
ent of the Eastern Division of the Boston & Maine,

DANIEL W. SANBORN.

holding this office until July 1, 1890. He was then
appointed superintendent of the Southern Division (the
old Boston & Lowell, which had been leased by the
Boston & Maine) of this great system. After the death
of James T. Furber, general manager of the Boston &
Maine, the position of general superintendent of the
system was created, and Mr. Sanborn, in February,
1892, was invited by the directors to accept it. Mr.
Sanborn has been highly successful in all the responsible
positions he has
held, and enjoys a
great personal popu
larity among railroad
men in general. He
was at one time
president of the
American Railroad
Superintendents' As-
s o c ia t i o n . His
brother, John W.,
who was formerly su
perintendent of the
Northern Division of
the Boston & Maine,
has been, since the
death of Mr. Furber,
acting general man
ager of the system.
Air. Sanborn is a
member of Soley
Lodge, F. and A. M.,
of Somerville, and
Strawberry Bank
Encampment,
I. O. O. F., of Ports
mouth, N. H. In
1856 he was married
to Miss Lucy M.
Lydston, of Eliot,
Me. Two children
have been added to the family, — a daughter and a son.
The latter, Fred E., is a passenger conductor on the
Maine Central Railroad, and runs between Portland and
Bar Harbor. Mr. Sanborn's daughter is the wife of
James M. French, ticket agent of the Boston & Maine
in Boston. Every one of the thousands of employees on
the Boston & Maine system feels that, as long as he
does his duty, he has a warm friend in the general
superintendent. Mr. Sanborn's home is in Somerville.

470

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

EDWARD GLINES has been closely and continually
identified with the history of Somerville since it
became a city, and has played no small part in State
politics. Born in Somerville, Aug. 31, 1849, his father,
Jacob T., was a direct descendant of Israel Glines, one
of the settlers of Falmouth in 1630. He graduated from
the high school in 1869, and was first employed in a
fancy grocery store in Charlestown, where he stayed but
a few months. His next venture was an express line,
which he ran for two
years between Bos
ton and Somerville.
In 1872, he entered
his father's coffee
importing and roast
ing establishment in
Boston, as clerk.
He gradually reached
the head of the busi
ness, which he n o w
owns, becoming i n
1880, his father's suc
cessor. H i s politi
cal ability was early
apparent, and his
first office was the
chairmanship of the
R e pub lie an City
Committee. Follow
ing that office, came
his election to the
Common Council in
1878, and his re-elec
tion, as its president
the next year. Here-
fused the aldermanic
nomination, but
was elected to the
Massachusetts House
o f Representatives
in 1882. In this house were Congressmen O'Neil,
Andrew, Cogswell, Hayden, and Allen. The next year
he was re-elected to the House in the face of vigorous
and prolonged opposition. He was a member of the
Committee on Street Railroads. Two years as a mem
ber of the executive and financial committees of the
State Central Committee followed, and in 1886 he was
elected to the State Senate. He served on important
committees as follows : Railroads, Labor, Public Health,

.**

EDWARD GLINES.

Roads, and Bridges (chairman), Expediting Business
(chairman) . In this session he made his famous speech
on the temperance question, raising a storm about his
ears. But he was re-elected to the Senate, serving as
chairman of the Railroad Committee, chairman of the
Committee on Federal Elections, and chairman of the
Committee on Expediting Business. As chairman of
the Railroad Committee, he reported and advocated
the passage of two important bills — the consolidation of
the Old Colony with
the Providence, and
the roads forming
the present Boston
and Maine system.
He has the remarka
ble record of never
having lost a bill
reported from his
committee. Since
his retirement from
the Senate in 1888,
his only political
honors have been as
a delegate to the
Republican National
Convention in
Minneapolis, in 1892,
and presidential
elector on the Re
publican ticket i n
1892. He has always
been connected with
all enterprises to
benefit the commu
nity, and foremost in
charitable works.
He was interested
in the formation of
the Somerville Cen
tral Club, was a for
mer member of the Somerville Webcowit Club, is a life
member of the Somerville Improvement Society and is
now a member of the Winter Hill Club of Somerville,
and the Central, Aliddlesex, New England, and Taylor
clubs of Boston, and the Society of the Sons of the
Revolution. He has held offices in the Odd Fellows
and Knights of Honor, and is a Mason, Knights
Templar degree. Fie was married in 1872, and has no
children.

J

X

SOMERVILLE.

471

JOHN HASKELL BUTLER is widely known as a
lawyer of great ability, and a man who stands
high in the councils of charitable and fraternal organi
zations. He was born in Middleton Aug. 31, 1841,
being the son of John and Mary J. (Barker) Butler of
that town. He was educated in the schools of Groton
and Shirley, fitting for college at the Lawrence Academy
in Groton. Yale is his alma mater, and he was gradu
ated with the class of 1863, bearing high honors. After
h i s graduation h e
served in the United
States Navy, and
then entered the law
office of John Q. A.
Griffin and William
S. Stearns of Charles
town, and after two
years of reading was
admitted to the bar
in 1868. That same
year he formed a
co-partnership with
William S. Stearns
for the transaction
of legal business,
and the firm of
Stearns & Butler is
to-day one of the
best known in Bos
ton. He went to
Somerville in 1870,
and served on the
School Committee
there for twelve
years, from 1876.
In 1880 Air. Butler
was elected a mem
ber of the lower
branch of the State
Legislature, and the
following year was re-elected. He was elected a mem
ber of the executive council from the third district in
1884 by the Legislature to fill a vacancy caused by the
death of Hon. Charles R. McLean. His service in this
capacity was such as to re-elect him, and he represented
the same district in the council in 1885 and 1886. In
all charitable schemes he is an influential worker, and
is recognized as such in Somerville and elsewhere. For
two years, from 1883 to 1885, he held a position which

JOHN H. BUTLER

few men have the honor of attaining — Supreme Regent
of the Royal Arcanum. He is now chairman of the
Committee on Laws of that order. In 1887-1888 he
filled the office of supreme representative of the Knights
of Honor. At the present time he is advisory counsel
of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, Ancient Order
of United Workmen. He is also chairman of the Com
mittee on Laws of that body. In the fraternal and
social order of the Home Circle he has been a power,
holding many offices
in the gift of its
members, and he is
now its supreme
treasurer. His abil
ity as a financier is
indicated by his
appointment as re
ceiver of the Suffolk
Trust Company. For
two years he was
president of the Na
tional Fraternal Con
gress, being also the
executive officer of
the Eastern Associ
ates for three years.
He holds member
ship in the following
organizations : Soley
Lodge, Free and Ac-
cepted Masons;
Boston Lodge, Inde
pendent Order of
Odd Fellows; Bay
State Council, A. L.
H. ; Webcowit Club,
Excelsior Council,
Royal Arcanum ; Mt.
Benedict Lodge,
Knights of Honor ;
Bacon Lodge, Ancient Order of United Workmen ;
University Club of Boston ; Somerville Council, Home
Circle, and New England Commercial Travellers' Asso
ciation, of which latter he is general counsel. Jan. 1,
1870, Mr. Butler married Laura L., daughter of Jabez
B. and Alary Bull, in Pottstown, Penn. They have one
son, John Lavvton Butler. There are few men whose
activities cover a wider range than is shown in the
career of Mr. Butler.

472

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

JOHN HAIGH is one of Somerville's best-known
business men. He is part owner of the Middle
sex Bleachery and Dye Works, which is one of the
largest industries in Somerville, and a high degree
Mason. He was born in Dukinfield, Cheshire, England,
Dec. 31, 1832, and is the son of George and Hannah
(Parkinfield) Haigh. He obtained his early knowl
edge of books in the grammar schools of his native
town. When he was seventeen years of age he was
apprenticed to the
trade of calico
printer, which trade
is to-day the founda
tion of his success.
He left the land of
his birth and came
to America in 1855,
and in the early part
of the next year,
1856, he became en
gaged with the
Pacific Mills at Law
rence. After eigh
teen years of service
with that firm, he
severed his connec
tion with them in
1873. This was to
enable him to take
charge of the print
ing department of
the Aliddlesex
Bleachery and Dye
Works, of which he
has since become
half owner. April
12, 1859, Mr. Haigh
was married in Per
kins, Me., to Lucy
Jane, daughter of
Captain Redford D. and Jane Bowker Tallman. Air.
Haigh has always been associated with the Alethodist
Episcopal Church, not as a communicant but as a
thorough believer in its governmental policy. Liberal
always, and charitable towards others of different
denominational views, he has been a strong supporter
of his special choice, and generous in church contribu
tions, whether for local or missionary interests, and this
liberality has kept full pace with his increasing means.

JOHN HAIGH

He has long been an enthusiastic member and worthy
exemplar of the Masonic fraternity, which he joined in
Lawrence in 1859. He has been master of two lodges,
and by regular election has been at the head of chap
ter, council and commandery. In the Grand Chapter
he has held the office of district deputy, grand high
priest and deputy grand high priest. He held the
latter position in 1878. For several years he was grand
recorder of the Grand Council of Royal and Select
Masters, and from
this he was elected
most illustrious
grand master, which
position he filled for
three years, consec
utively. In 1883
he was elected grand
conductor of the
General Grand
Council, Royal and
Select Masters of the
United States, for
three years. He is
the representative of
grand bodies in
chapter, council and
commandery organi
zations, and is an
active member of
the Supreme Coun
cil of the United
States in the Ancient
Accepted Scottish
Rite. He is also
past most puissant
sovereign grand
commander of that
body. Air. Haigh
has recently com
pleted, at Somerville,
one of the most beautiful residences in the city. There
he has a private library which is, perhaps, the richest in
choice masonic literature of any in New England. He
has acquired no small fame as a collector, and his cab
inets contain many rare coins, medals and articles of
vertu of all sorts that are characteristic of the intelli
gent study of the collector. He is a connoisseur in
numismatics, and has rare artistic taste, which his means
fortunately enable him to gratify.

/

SOMERVILLE.

473

JOHN MEDINA is a native of the Azores Islands,
where he was born Oct. 23, 1837, being the son of
John and Marianne (Silva) Medina. He came to the
United States in 185 1, and here it was that he finished
his education, entering the public schools of the city of
Lawrence, Mass., where he took up his residence.
Although his attendance at school in this country was
very limited, he rapidly acquired a knowledge of the
English language, and when he left the presence of
teachers he began
his career, which
stands to-day as that
of a self-made man
in the strict interpre
tation of that phrase.
In his youth he took
up and thoroughly //i:
learned the trade of . &* -
a hair -dresser and
manufacturer of hair
goods, and being a
natural artist he early
showed marked evi
dences of future suc
cess in this calling.
At the age of seven
teen he bought out
the then well-known
house of Monsieur
Chebasoll, of Law
rence, who was a
French wigmaker and
manufacturer of artifi
cial hair goods. Mr,
Medina carried on
that business success
fully for several years,
but he was ambitious
and not satisfied with
a small undertaking.
Going to Worcester, he opened a hair dressing and hair
manufacturing store and carried on the business with
much success. At the same time he came to Boston
and established himself on Washington Street, where he
has now been located over twenty years, extending and
enlarging his business until his house has become the
leading one in its line, being known throughout the
country, to all parts of which his goods are sent. For
several years Mr. Medina was the senior member of the

>*w-

JOHN MEDINA.

firm of Medina Brothers, sending vessels between Bos
ton, New Bedford and the Azores Islands, laden with
grain, lumber, etc., and carrying passengers ; three ves
sels made up the fleet. He has also been quite largely
interested in sperm whaling in the Atlantic Ocean. In
1880 Mr. Medina removed his residence to Somerville,
where he purchased a portion of the Russell estate,
Clarendon Hill, West Somerville, and modernized the
building for his present home. In 1887 he erected a
handsome brick
block in Davis
Square, which bears
his name, with mod
ern apartments and
stores, and he was
really the pioneer in
the improvements of
that locality, which
followed in the rapid
growth of building,
population and bus
iness generally. Mr.
Medina cast his first
vote in this country
for Abraham Lincoln,
and has always voted
the Republican
ticket with the ex
ception of once vot
ing for the late Gen
eral B. F. Butler,
when Democratic
candidate for gover
nor. He has often
been asked to accept
offices of public
— ----- trust but has declined
these requests, feel
ing that he could not
give them proper
attention on account of his business. He is a member
of several orders, among them the Odd Fellows, Royal
Arcanum, American Legion of Honor and Pilgrim
Fathers. In October, 1878, at Boston, Mr. Medina
married Anne Fish, daughter of Elias and Sarah Fish,
of Newcastle, Ale. They have one child, — John
Medina, Jr. Mr. Medina is identified with every move
ment that has for its object the improvement of the
pleasant city wherein he resides.

474

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

WARREN E. LOCKE, although one of the youngest
of the business men of Somerville, has done
more than many who boast of twice his years to advance
the interests of the city. Although not a native of the
place, he has the interests of the city at heart, and has,
in the few years that he has resided in the place, worked
with an earnestness that has marked him as a man of
progressive ideas and of great executive ability. He
was born in Exeter, N. H., April 3, 1863, and is the
son of Morris and
Mary E. (Dow)
Locke of that town.
While he was quite
young his parents
removed to the town
of Northampton, and
it was here that he
received his early
education in the
public schools. He
graduated from the
schools of North
ampton with high
honors, and then
entered the New
Hampton Literary
Institution. He took
a three years' course
of study in this insti
tution, and then his
business instincts
manifested them-
selves. He left the
school at the comple
tion of the three
years, and his early
business was that of
the manufacture of
wooden ware at
Bristol, N. H. In
this he was very successful and built up a large and
profitable business, which he disposed of in 1885.
Then he came to Boston in order to enlarge his field of
operations and have a greater scope for his rare busi
ness and executive ability. At first he acted as the
manufacturer's agent for the goods which he had for
merly manufactured and secured a permanent market
for the goods. This business, which was established
by Mr. Locke, is the most prosperous in its line in the

WARREN E. LOCKE

city of Boston. In 1889 he entered the real estate
business and took an office in the Globe Building. In
this new field he had greater opportunities to display
his accuracy of judgment and his untiring zeal for the
work in which he engages. During the time that he has
been in the real estate business he has handled a great
amount of property, and his judgment has never been
at fault. The result has been that the business has
steadily prospered and he has been entrusted with the
care of many large
estates. Early in
this business he saw
that there was a big
field for real estate
operations in Somer
ville and he did not
hesitate to seize the
opportunity. West
Somerville has been
the particular section
of the city to which
he has devoted his
attention, and the
result has been not
only of advantage to
his customers and
himself but also to
the city. What was
only a few years ago
a stretch of barren
fields is now laid out
with excellent streets,
and the lots are cov
ered with pretty and
comfortable cottages.
One of his latest
ventures in building
is a large apartment
house at the corner
of Highland Street
and Vinal Avenue on Central Hill. This house is a
model of its kind. He is a member of the Caleb Rand
Lodge, I. O. O. F. ; Wonohaquaham Tribe, I. O. R. M. ;
Elm Council, R. A. ; the Mystic Valley and the Massa
chusetts Republican clubs ; is treasurer of the West Som
erville Associates and secretary of the West Somerville
Republican Club. He married Miss Lilla M., daughter
of Hiram and Dorcas (Whittemore) Heath, of Bristol,
N. H.

SOMER VILLE.

475

NO characteristic of the period will be more forcibly
illustrated at the fair than the extent to which
modern genius has carried the sub-division of labor.
Massachusetts has taken this principle nearer its logical
conclusion than any other region of the world, as may
be seen in any of its manufacturing cities, and it has at
least one remarkable instance of the same thing in a
line more intellectual than mechanical. Not the least
important branch of newspaper work is the reading of
exchanges. About
five years ago an ex
change editor of the
Boston Globe came
to the conclusion
that he could read
newspapers for many
people as well as he
could for one em
ployer, and thus not
only do simultane
ously the exchange
reading for such trade
and class papers as
might be glad to be
relieved of the work,
but also make the
contents of the press
more generally ac
cessible and useful.
The idea had been
applied in London
and New York to the
reading of papers for
public and profes
sional men, but in
Boston it had its first
considerable devel
opment in editorial
and commercial
lines. The result is
that Robert Luce, the editor referred to, and his brother
Linn now direct the reading of nearly two thousand
papers a day, and their thirty-five employees now put
out more than two million clippings a year. Their in
stitution, the Press Clipping Bureau, has proved, like the
newspaper syndicate system, that even in what for want
of a better term may be called literary directions, com
bination and specialization can be effective in saving
labor. It also has shown that commerce, in its attack

upon the customer at his very fireside, may be aided
in its aim by that news in the local papers of the
country which indicates possibilities of traffic. Robert
Luce, however, has not confined himself to newspaper
work, though, during the seven years he served on the
Globe, rising from the bottom to an editorial position,
that became his chief reliance. He is also much in
terested in politics, and has for some time been a leader
of the Democratic party in Somerville, where he resides.
He was nominated
for the governor's
council when but
twenty-four years old,
and has also been
nominated for the
House of Represen
tatives. Two of these
nominations were im
posed without even
so much as asking
his permission. The
districts, however,
were in each case too
strongly Republican
to make the nomina
tions more than an
honor. He has also
written much outside
the sanctum, and is
the author of "Writ
ing for the Press," a
manual that has be
come an authority in
passing through four
editions, and "Elec
tric Railways," the
first book on the sub
ject. He is presi
dent of the Unita
rian Club in his city,
is a Mason, and belongs to the usual number of social
organizations. He was born in Auburn, Ale., Dec. 2,
1862, the son of Enos Thompson and Phcebe Learned
Luce ; was educated in the public schools there and in
Somerville, and graduated at Harvard in 1882, taking
the degree of A. M. in the following year. In 1885 he
married MabeUe C. Farnham, of Somerville, and they
live at No. 44 Highland Avenue in that city. Mr. Luce
has a wide acquaintance with public men.

ROBERT LUCE.

THE city of Taunton is one of the oldest municipalities in New England. It was incorporated in 1639, but for
two or three years before that its fine water power and rich alluvial farms had been brought to the notice of
Boston and Plymouth colonists, and a few hardy settlers had drifted thither. Three rivers which watered the
territory were promptly utilized for grist, saw and fulling mills, and the concentration of business about these
first factories settled the fate of the new town. It was destined at its birth to be a manufacturing centre. Natural
advantages also gave it a steady impetus. The swamps and meadows were full of bog iron. The early settlers
were from the iron districts of Wales, and their attention was speedily turned to the development of the iron
industry. The first "bloomery," or forge, in New England was established in the town, and anchor, tool and nail
making gave employment to busy mechanics long before the surrounding country had been cleared of the wild
men and beasts. From that time on, iron working in all its forms has occupied the van in the steady advance of
the city. The old "bloomeries" in which the hollow ware of Pilgrim and Puritan homes was turned out and the
anchors of the colonial and continental craft, including "Old Ironsides," were forged, passed away, but other
forms of work came in as inventions, lightened labor, and gave wider range to mechanical skill and the employ
ment of capital. Hollow ware suggested stoves, and for generations the best workmen in the country have given
the active years of their lives to developing that most important article of household economy.
Seven large foundries give employment to skilled workmen, turn out stoves, ranges and furnaces by the
thousand, and find a market from Maine to Alaska. Allied to these are the stove-lining companies and the nickel
plating establishments, which are called upon to furnish the ornamental part of stove equipment. Nail making,
too, kept pace with stove manufacture. Each invention which expedited production was promptly utilized, and
to-day the output of tacks, brads, shoe nails, points, rivets in an infinite variety, is the largest of any manufacturing
centre in the world, the A. Field & Son's branch of the Atlas corporation in itself ranking as the largest tack and
small nail factory ever built. Engine and boiler construction, locomotive and printing-presses, cotton machinery,
saws and coopers' tools, steam and hot water heating apparatus are among other forms to which the iron industry
has been directed, and all are carried on in large factories employing a vast capital and an army of mechanics.
Cotton manufacture became an important feature early in the century, and it has held its own. To-day the
most advantageous sites along the streams are devoted to weaving or spinning, and tall chimneys indicate the
location of mills busily employed in helping clothe the world. Spinning mills for the production of cotton yarns
are the favorite mode of investment. The valley of Taunton River has been found to possess just the right amount
of dampness in the atmosphere to make yarn spinning particularly successful, especially in the finer grades.
Another branch of business which has been of the greatest importance in the development of the city is that of
britannia and silver ware. Nearly a century ago the first venture in that direction was begun in a small way, with
indifferent success at first, and now the factory of Reed & Barton, making useful and ornamental wares of white
metal, britannia, and German and solid silver, has the world for a market. Three other factories are also building
up a reputation for excellent work in the britannia and silver line.
The position of Taunton at the head of navigation on Taunton River has always made shipping and vessel
property a profitable investment, and one of its chief products, bricks, has been largely shipped by water. Other
important industries are copper and yellow metal, crucibles, shoe buttons, barrels, boxes and carriages. The
population of the city is about 30,000. Its valuation is between $18,000,000 and $19,000,000. There are three
national, two savings and three co-operative banks. It is a county seat. Its public buildings are large and
attractive, its streets broad and well kept.

TA UNTON.

477

FRANCIS S. BABBITT carries an honored name in
the Old Colony, for his ancestors were among the
very first who dared the perils of the primeval wilder
ness. All through the two and a half centuries, since
the incorporation of Taunton as a town, the name of
Babbitt appears in connection with various positions of
trust. The same thing is noticeable in the various
towns which were cut out of the original purchase and
made into separate municipalities. The Babbitt stock
has been sturdy and
vigorous, and has
not been eliminated
by emigration, which
has wiped out so
many of the old
names from the
town and city rec
ords. Air. Babbitt
was born in Taunton
on Dec. 22, 1843.
He was educated in
the public schools of
the town, at Bristol
Academy and at
Comer's Commercial
School, Boston. In
the spring of 1862,
when the retreat of
Banks's division
caused a demand for
more volunteers to
recruit the Union
Army, he enlisted in
Company F, Fourth
Regiment, Massa
chusetts Militia, for
one month, but was
discharged after
three days' service
in Boston, as the
government decided that it did not need the new men.
In August of the same year he enlisted in Company F,
Thirty-ninth Massachusetts Volunteers, for three years'
service. He served one year with the regiment, and
was then detailed for service in the United States Signal
Corps. For nearly two years he was busily engaged in
that branch of military duty, being discharged on June
28, 1865, by reason of the close of the war. Returning
to his old home he began the manufacture of machinery

in the fall of 1865, and kept busily engaged in that
business until 1890. He was chosen a member of the
Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1882 and
in 1883, and served on important committees of that
body. In 1887 he was a member of the Board of
Aldermen of Taunton, and in the fall of the same year
was elected one of the three commissioners of Bristol
County. He was re-elected in 1890. He was made
chairman of the board when he took his seat in 1888,
and is still serving in
that capacity. In
1890 he was elected
mayor of Taunton,
and re-elected in
1891 and 1892. Air.
Babbitt has been a
K 'v'i.,. very efficient and
faithful public officer.
During h i s service
as county commis
sioner, large expen
ditures have been
necessary to fill the
needs of the rapidly
growing county,
among them the
splendid new court
houses of Taunton
and Fall River, the
house of correction
at New Bedford,
bridges, etc., all re
quiring a vast amount
of supervision and
detail work from
those charged vvith
the care of the
county business.
Such, also, has been
the case of the city
during his administration. A constant growth in popu
lation, the call for improvements, and the necessity for
providing for the wants of a rapidly growing munici
pality have made large expenditures and great care
necessary. Mr. Babbitt has shown his sagacity on all
trying occasions, and his repeated election to the manage
ment of municipal matters proves the estimation of
his fellow- citizens, who have full confidence in his
judgment.

FRANCIS S. BABBITT.

478

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

CAPTAIN SYLVANUS N. STAPLES was born in
Taunton on Aug. 2, 181 1. He received the
usual common-school advantages of the country boys
of those days and did his share of work which all had to
assume. He had a fondness for the sea, and when not
more than ten years old started as cabin boy on the
river and bay, and having an aptness for the business
rose through the various grades of seaman and mate,
until at eighteen he had command of one of the large
sloops which were
popular freight car
riers. Those were
days when steam had
not yet clipped the
wings of sailing craft,
and an immense
business was done all
along the coast and
to and from the West
Indies by small ves
sels, which were able
not only to dare the
dangers of the seas
but also ascend the
rivers and accommo
date merchants al
most at their own
doors. Captain
Staples was so suc
cessful that he owned
in several vessels
when he was a very
young man. The
love of the brine has
never left him, and
through his long life
he has always kept
up an active financial
interest in coasters,
tugs, barges, steam
ers, and other marine property. In 1836 he began
business upon land as well as upon the water and
became a partner with Francis D. Williams in the
wholesale and retail flour and grocery business, which
has always been an important branch of Taunton trade.
He afterwards bought out Air. Williams and carried on
the business alone, then with different partners, and
built up a large trade vvith the West Indies, and also
with coastwise towns on the Atlantic seaboard. He

SYLVANUS N. STAPLES.

next returned to freighting for a few years but changed
in 1857 to a general commercial business, having
Captain William H. Phillips as a partner. The articles
handled by the firm were coal, iron, lime, hair, etc.
The freight business was kept up as an important
adjunct, and as years passed the firm of Staples &
Phillips became one of the best known in New England,
handling vast quantities of coal and iron and owning
wholly or in part a fleet of vessels of all kinds which
were always busy.
To the firm of Staples
& Phillips the im
provements in Taun
ton River are due.
Their work, more
than that of all
others, called the
attention of the gen
eral government to
its value as a water
way and secured the
appropriations which
have made it availa
ble for transporting
coal by barge and
schooner and naviga
ble for tugs and
steamers engaged in
business or pleasure
purposes. The firm
of Staples & Phillips
was dissolved a few
years since, and a
large corporation
known as the Staples
Coal Company took
its place. This cor
poration is one of the
largest in that line
in New England and
hasa n immense plant at Fall River and Taunton for the
wholesale and retail coal business, besides a large fleet
of steamers and barges which ply between coal ports
and New Pmgland. Of this corporation Captain Staples
is the head. He is also a director in many corporations,
and a citizen generally esteemed and honored for the
important part he has played in the development of the
material interests of Taunton. His name is familiar in
every port along the Atlantic^coast.

TA UNTON.

479

Pis*;

HENRY G. REED was born in Taunton on July 23,
1810, where his father was a merchant. He was
educated in the public schools of the town and at Bris
tol Academy, in vacations and at odd times helping his
father in the store. He was born with a love of me
chanics and preferred to work with tools when other
lads were at play. Babbitt & Crossman were then
engaged in the manufacture of britannia goods, and
when eighteen years old Air. Reed went into their shop
as an apprentice.
He devoted himself
assiduously to the
work and soon
showed an expert -
ness which won the
commendation of his
employers. The
business passed into
the hands of the
Taunton Britannia
Company, with whom
Mr. Reed remained
as journeyman, tak
ing charge of several
departments until he
became superin
tendent. In 1835
the company ceased
business and Mr.
Reed, with Charles
Barton and Gustavus
Leonard, believed
that the work could
be made a success,
and in 1837 they
began in a small way
as Reed & Barton on
about the site of the
present extensive
works which have
grown up from such a small beginning. The determina
tion of the young firm was to make the best of goods
and hold the market by honest workmanship and
superior skill. The result justified their expectations.
The little plant expanded until it now covers acres of
ground with massive buildings, where in busy seasons
eight hundred and more skilled mechanics are engaged
in making electro-plated and solid silver goods, which
active salesmen distribute all over the world. For years

HENRY G. REED

the business was a partnership under the old firm name.
More recently it was incorporated under the same name
with George Brabrook and Frank L. Fish and Mr. Reed
as the active members of the corporation. The develop
ment of this business has been one of the main factors
of the growth of Taunton, as the wages earned by the
skilled labor necessary has covered much of the eighth
ward of the city with comfortable homes. The factory
is always an attraction to visitors, and people from all
parts of the country
have for years visited
it and watched the
ingenuity with which
plain metal is turned
into gems of art. Mr.
R e e d' s advancing
. :-, years have never
weakened his inter
est in the business,
and he is as regu
larly at his place in
the factory as any of
the journeymen. His
ingenuity, which be
gan to develop in his
youth, has been of
great value in the
modelling depart
ment. He has been
a director of the
Taunton National
Bank and Taunton
Savings Bank for a
generation, and his
judgment on all
questions affecting
— the public interest has
always been sought
by his fellow citizens,
who recognize his
sagacity and uprightness. It is seldom that a man who
has spent as many of the best years of his life in build
ing up a tremendous business reaches a serene old age
and sees the most ardent dreams of his youth realized.
Mr. Reed has seen the village of Taunton grow into a
flourishing city and has the satisfaction of knowing that
the little britannia shop, with which nearly the whole
of his active life has been closely identified, was a lead
ing factor in its growth.

48o

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

C^LOSELY connected with the widely-known manu-
^ facturing house of Reed & Barton, is George
Brabrook, who entered the service of the firm when a
young man, has given the prime of his life to its service,
and as one of the largest owners and the active busi
ness man of the corporation, has seen it grow into the
giant enterprise of to-day. The ancestor of the Bra
brook family is believed to have emigrated from Scot
land to America in colonial days and to have settled in
Concord, Mass.
From him came all
who bear the name
in America. A n
elder brother, Alfred,
first entered the
service of Reed &
Barton, as salesman,
and pushed the use
of the ware of the
firm all over the
country. F'or more
than fifty years as an
efficient, valuable
and ready salesman
and conscientious
and respected citi
zen, his name has
also been connected
vvith the interests of
the great factory.
George Brabrook
was born in Acton,
followed his brother
to Taunton, and in
1850, when twenty-
two years old, was
given a place in the
shipping department
of the factory. His
energy, devotion to
business, and sagacity were soon recognized by the
proprietors, and he was advanced from one position to
another, all of which he filled with zeal, intelligence and
fidelity to the interests intrusted to his care. His mind
was of that business quality that gave him a ready
adaptability for whatever sphere of action was his lot,
and his employers learned that the young man could be
relied upon at all times and in all places. He made it
a point to learn the business, and did not hesitate to

GEORGE BRABROOK

give his best efforts and all his time to promoting the
welfare of the firm. He was efficient not only in the
shop but upon the road, and as a ready salesman helped
extend the name and place the goods of the concern in
all the leading cities and towns of the country. Such
assiduity could not fail of securing the approbation of
his employers. It was recognized in- a substantial
manner, and the young man who entered the works as a
clerk in 1850 became one of the firm and its leading
business manager in
1859. His rise was
rapid, so far as years
went, but it was
earned by faithful
work and an un
grudging devotion to
duty. Air. Brabrook
has remained with
the house ever since,
seeing it grow into a
firm with a business
on its hands of tre
mendous volume and
then a great corpo
ration with a reputa
tion world-wide.
Such instances of
perseverance and
promotion are not
common in these
days, when young
men are unwilling to
work a minute over
time and drop busi-
11 ess from their
thoughts the minute
the f ac tory door
closes behind them.
Air. Brabrook mar
ried Aliss Eliza E.
Knowles in i860. She is a descendant of Rev. Samuel
Danforth, the fourth minister of Taunton, although a
native of Boston. His home is one of the notable
residences of the city, with its wide lawns and clumps
of trees. Of his two sons the elder is connected with
the factory, which manufactures wares of German and
solid silver, white metal and britannia, and is one of the
most important, widely celebrated industries in New
England. No little of its fame is due to Mr. Brabrook.

TA UNTON.

481

WILLIAM REED, JR., is a descendant of the old
families which landed in Newbury and began
the contest with the wilderness of New England in 1636.
The maternal ancestor was one of the little band to
which land was granted in what was then Haverhill, and
the first farm marked out by metes and bounds was his.
By the re-location of State lines the old homestead site
is now in the town of Hampstead, N. H. The history
of the early settlement of that town is stained with
blood, as Indian raids
down the Merrimack
River were many.
The records tell of
fierce fighting, daring
deeds, and the death
of more than one of
the family under the
hatchet of the savage
while the struggle for
mastery was going
on. Both his great
grandfathers served
in the Revolutionary
War, one at Bunker
Hill, the other at
Stillwater, where a
British bullet lamed
him for life. He was
born in Newburyport
in 1842, and, after
preparing for college
in the high schools
of that city and
Cambridge, entered
Harvard College and
was graduated as one
of the prize men of
the class of 1864.
He began life as a
teacher and was prin
cipal of the high schools of Edgartown and Nahant;
Mass., Watertown, N. Y., and Erie, Penn. His atten
tion was attracted to journalism, and he became con
nected with the Fall River News, first, next with the
Herald oi Helena, Montana, afterwards with the Provi
dence Herald, and finally with the Taunton Daily
Gazette, which he bought in 1872 and has edited and
managed since. Mr. Reed has been an untiring worker
and has built up his newspaper property so that it

WILLIAM REED, JR.

stands in the front rank of the provincial press of the
State, and has much more than a local reputation. He
has been a very active citizen of Taunton, and has often
been called to fill positions of trust and responsibility.
He has been president of the Board of Trade, sewer
commissioner, member of the School Committee, has
represented the district twice in the Legislature and
once in the Senate, and served as an active and influen
tial leader in all things that have tended towards the
commercial, moral
and social advance
ment of the city.
While serving in the
Legislature he was
made a member of
the convict labor
commission of the
State, and was the
author of the report
which led to the es
tablishment of the
reformatory at Con
cord and the separa
tion of convicts into
two grades. He is
also one of the di
rectors of the largest
corporation with
headquarters at
Taunton — The Mas
sachusetts Real Es
tate Company —
which has large in
vestments in the
East and West. He
is also president of
the Massachusetts
Press Association;
and is connected
with a large number
of social, literary and business enterprises at his home
and abroad. Always a Republican, in the councils of
that party he has held an honored place, and has been
often upon the stump in advocacy of its principles,
preferring to work for the election of others to office
rather than for himself, on the ground that the man who
conducts a modern newspaper successfully has scope and
work enough to demand the employment of all his time
and energy.

FALL RIVER, the leading cotton-manufacturing city of America, owes its origin indirectly to the expansion
of the Plymouth Colony, the first settlement in the immediately adjacent region having been made about
1656. In that year, on the 3d of July, the General Court of Plymouth granted to a number of the freemen of the
jurisdiction a tract of land east of the Taunton River, four miles in width and from six to seven in length,
bounded on the south by Quequechan, and on the north by Assonet Neck. Three years later this grant was con
firmed by a warranty deed signed by the local sachems, the consideration being " twenty coats, two iron pots, two
kettles and one little kettle, eight pairs of shoes, six pairs of stockings, one dozen hoes, one dozen hatchets, two
yards of broadcloth, and a debt satisfied to John Barnes, which was due from Wamsitta to John Barnes." This
grant was known after 1683 as Freetown.
The first settlers were principally from Plymouth, Marshfield and Scituate ; some were from Taunton and a
few from Rhode Island. The region round about was gradually settled, until a considerable population resided in
and about Freetown. By act of the Legislature of Feb. 26, 1803, a considerable part of the ancient proprietary
of Freetown was detached and erected into a township named Fall River (changed to Troy in 1804, and again to
its present name in 1834). There was early a dispute as to the State boundary line, which continued a vexatious
feature until it was settled in 1861, after which the citizens of Fall River were no longer obliged to acknowledge
two jurisdictions, and received a considerable addition to their territory, population and wealth. In 1854 the
thriving town was made a city. In 1850 its population was 11,524; in 1870, 26,766; and in 1890, 74,398.
Fall River is, in every sense, the embodiment of the sagacity, energy and successful industry of her own
people. No city or town engaged in similar pursuits has greater cause for satisfaction, or can refer to stronger
reasons for the exercise of a just pride in the achievements of her own citizens. The motto of her corporate seal
is "We'll try," and though she has met reverses in the form of conflagrations and strikes in her mills, she has
successfully passed through them and risen to still greater importance. Nature gave to her a water power in the
stream from which the city takes her name that is almost unequalled ; and along its whole course the mills stand
like the buildings in a city street. In one year eleven mills were erected, each with from thirty thousand to forty
thousand spindles, and costing over ten million dollars, and employing over five thousand hands. In 1876 there
were thirty-three mill corporations operating forty mills, with an incorporated capital of $14,735,000. The first
mill in the neighborhood was that erected by Colonel Joseph Durfee, in what is now Globe Village, in 181 1. The
first regular cloth- manufacturing enterprise was that inaugurated in 1813, and from this, properly speaking, has
grown the great industry of to-day. Statistics are bewildering; these for the year 1892 will tell of the present
condition of the Fall River cotton mills : thirty-six corporations operating fifty-nine mills, paid out in dividends
in the year $2,155,860, on a capital of $19,518,000, or an average of 11.04 per cent. In 1891 the same corpora
tions paid out $956,450, or an average of 4.90 per cent.
Fall River is a port of entry, and the district includes the ports of Taunton, Dighton, Somerset, Freetown
and Swansea. The famous Fall River Line, a favorite route between Boston and New York, makes this city one
of its three points of departure and arrival, and there are other steamboat lines centering here. The City Hall,
the Durfee Memorial School and the Bristol County Court House are among the notable buildings. The educa
tional and religious features have kept pace with the city's growth in population and importance, and no city in
southeastern Massachusetts has greater advantages. There are a free public library and several circulating libra
ries, all of which are supplied with the latest publications and are accessible to all. There are also private and
society libraries and local book clubs of special value to members. The Fall River press includes three evening
dailies, and the weekly newspapers are able and representative. On July 4, 1876, the citizens celebrated by a
magnificent series of exercises the one hundredth anniversary of American Independence.

FALL RIVER.

483

JOHN W. COUGHLIN, M. D., mayor of Fall River,
was born in that city, June 9, 1861. His parents
were William and Abbie Coughlin. He attended the
Fall River public schools until 1878. In that year he
started to learn the trade of a steam and gas fitter,
which trade his father, now deceased, followed before
him. In 1879, after a year's work, he entered the law
office of Coffey & Dubuque in Fall River, but in the
spring of 1880 he left that office to enter the employ
o f the Providence
Steam and Gas Pipe
Company ; there he
remained about
eighteen months, and
then returned to Fall
River, to enter the
drug store of Dr.
John B. Chagnon, on
Bedford Street.
After about fourteen
months in that place,
he resolved to study
medicine. He was
without means, but
he determined to
seek some employ
ment by which he
could get the funds
needed to carry him
through college. He
sought and obtained
a place as conductor
on the Globe Street
Railway, which he
held about a year.
In the fall of 1882,
he was enabled to
begin the study of
medicine ; he entered
the office of Dr.
Charles C. Terry and in the next spring entered
College of Physicians and Surgeons in Baltimore, and
took a spring course of studies. He then returned to
Dr. Terry's office for the summer, and in the fall resumed
his college studies, which he pursued until March,
1885, when he was graduated. He stood at the head
of his class of one hundred and sixty-one men, and
received the first college prize, the CatheU Medal, for the
highest average scholarship. He had opportunity to

JOHN W. COUGHLIN.

the

enter any one of several Baltimore hospitals, but he
chose to return to his own city after graduation, and
here, among his acquaintances, early acquired a lucra
tive practice. In 1888 Dr. Coughlin received the
Democratic nomination for mayor of Fall River, but
was defeated at the polls by about three hundred
votes. In 1889 he ran again, when he was antago
nized by those who until then were the prime factors
in the local Democracy, and was again defeated by
about one hundred
votes. In 1890 he
was again nominated
by the Democrats,
and, in spite of bitter
and aggressive oppo
sition from the lead
ers of his party, was
elected by eight hun
dred and eight votes.
In 1 89 1 he was re
elected on the Dem
ocratic ticket by nine
hundred and twenty-
seven majority ; and
in 1892 on the same
ticket by eight hun
dred and twenty-two
majority. In the lat-
ter year Mayor
Coughlin attended
the National Demo
cratic Convention in
Chicago as the dele
gate of the Thirteenth
Congressional D i s -
trict. Before he was
elected a delegate he
was a pronounced
Cleveland advocate.
He was, in fact, one
of the first to favor the nomination of Cleveland, and
he publicly expressed his choice for the presidency at a
dinner of the Young Men's Democratic Club in New
Bedford, which was practically the first gun for Grover
Cleveland fired in Massachusetts. At the National
Convention he supported Stevenson for Vice-President.
Mayor Coughlin has continued the practice of medicine
to the present time, and is recognized as a leading
practitioner of the city.

484

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

ARNOLD BORDEN SAN FORD, president of the
Fall River Board of Trade and of the Sanford
Spinning Company, and treasurer of the Globe Yarn
Mills, was born in Goldsboro, N. C, Feb. n, 1846, the
son of John P. Sanford, who left Fall River in 1840,
settled in Goldsboro, and returned with his family to his
native place in 1857. After attending school, Arnold B.
Sanford began work in a woollen mill in Rhode Island.
His intention had been to learn the woollen-manufac
turing business, but
his health becoming
affected, he was
obliged to make a
change, and em
barked in the hard
ware business. In
1869 he was married
to Aliss H. Emma
Warren, daughter of
Edward Warren, a
well-known and es
teemed citizen of the
city. Their children
are five in number,
two of them, Mabel
W. and Martha C,
being students of
Smith College, North-
ampton, Mass.
In 1873 Mr. Sanford
joined Mr. Thomas
D. Covel in forming
the well-known firm
of Sanford & Covel,
dealers in mill sup
plies and hardware.
This firm carried on
a prosperous busi
ness for nine years.
In 1 88 1 Mr. Sanford
retired from the firm, as his health required a change,
and turned his attention to cotton manufacturing. He
proceeded to organize the Globe Yarn Mills, at Globe
Village, a corporation now of national reputation. The
organization of the company was effected with a capital
of $200,000, and Mr. Sanford was elected treasurer.
Cold water was thrown upon the venture by local in
vestors in print-cloth mills, and many predicted early
failure because the mill was not to make print cloths.

ARNOLD B. SANFORD.

But the projectors were not discouraged; they started
successfully, and their success has been remarkable
every year. They established the most extensive plant
for the manufacture of yarns in this country. Within
ten years the stockholders built and equipped three
large mills, with 100,000 spindles, on a capital of
$1,200,000, an actual investment of $1,600,000. Four
times the capital of the concern was increased. It is
apparent how largely the success of this enterprise was
and is due to Mr-
San ford, who has
been its treasurer all
these years. In 1892
Mr. Sanford organ
ized the Sanford
Spinning Company.
This company was
named for him, in
recognition of the
splendid e ff ort s
which he had con
tributed to the suc
cess of the earlier
enterprise. The
capital on which or
ganization was ef
fected was $450,000.
This was secured
within two weeks,
and included an
over-subscription of
$50,000. This mill
will be ready to go
into operation early
in 1893. Mr. San
ford is president and
director of other
corporations in the
city. He was a prime
mover toward the
organization in 1890 of the Fall River Board of Trade,
and is now its president. His interest in public and
private charities keeps pace with his interest in business
and the material progress of the city. He is a warm
friend of the Home for Aged People, and aids other relig
ious, charitable and useful organizations in the commun
ity. In religion Mr. Sanford is a Baptist, and in politics
a Republican. He is a strong Protectionist, being one
of the founders of the Home Market Club of Boston.

FAU, RIVER.

485

JOSEPH A. BOWEN was born in Fall River, Oct. 10,
1832. He is a son of the late Abraham Bowen,
who died about three years ago in his eighty-sixth
year, and Sarah Ann Bowen, who has since died in her
eighty-eighth year. He is a grandson of the agent of
the first cotton mill that was erected in the city. At
that period there were no banks, and the silver dollars
in which payment for shares was made were put on the
bottom of the old-fashioned clock for safe keeping.
The old farm-house
of Mr. B o w e n ' s
grandfather was one
of the ancient land
marks of Fall River,
and was located at
the corner of Bed
ford and North Main
streets, while his
farm extended from
Bedford to Elm
Street, and from the
bay to Watuppa
Pond. He was one
of the most promi
nent and influential
men in the commu
nity. Mr. Bowen
has always resided in
Fall River. He
learned the printer's
trade and worked at
job and newspaper
printing, in his
father's office, most
of the time from
his eighth to his
twenty-third year,
attending the public
schools of his native
town at intervals.
In 1856 he went into the coal business, in which he
has ever since been engaged. From the nature of
his business, Mr. Bowen has for many years been inter
ested in navigation and harbor improvements. He is
the agent and the largest owner of two four-masted
schooners, and has had a large amount of dredging and
rock-removing done at his own expense. He has thus
secured the greatest depth of water at his wharves of
any firm in the port of Fall River. Mr. Bowen

JOSEPH A, BOWEN

was

married, Jan. 19, 1865, to Miss Fanny M. Corey, of
Fall River. Their children are Joseph H. Bowen and
Fanny C. Bowen. Mr. Bowen has several times been
called upon by his fellow-citizens to accept public office.
He was a member of the Fall River Common Council in
1862 and 1863, and of the Board of Aldermen in 1869
and 1870. He was appointed by Mayor Brown in 1869
chairman of the Committee on Water Supply, with
power to investigate the general subject. After several
months' considera
tion of the subject,
visiting various cities,
and having the water
of different wells
analyzed, he wrote
the report to the
City Council, recom
mending the taking
of the water of the
North Watuppa Pond
for a supply ; which
report was adopted
by the city govern
ment, and being sub
mitted to the people
at a special election,
met an almost unani
mous approval. Mr.
Bowen was elected
one of the original
water commission
ers, and put a large
amount of energy
into the work of
pushing that great
and beneficent work
to a successful and
speedy completion,
he and another pur
chasing the reservoir
land on their own responsibility, to keep it from the
hands of speculators, and assisting the engineers in every
possible way to overcome the many obstacles incident
to the natural location of Fall River. Mr. Bowen is first
vice-president of the Fall River Board of Trade, in which
he is one of the most active workers. He is a Repub
lican, though of late years he has not been an active
political worker. Mr. Bowen and his family have long
been connected with the Central Congregational Church.

486

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

ROBERT T. DAVIS, M. D., was born in County
Down, north of Ireland, Aug. 28, 1823, his father
being John Davis and his mother Sarah (Thompson)
Davis. His parents came to the United States when he
was three years old, and settled in Amesbury, Essex
County, Mass. His father was of the Presbyterian faith,
and his mother was a Friend. He was educated in the
Amesbury public schools and at the academy, and in
the Friends' School in Providence, R. I. Upon the
completion of his
preparatory educa
tion he took a course
in the medical de
partment of Harvard
University, and re
ceived his diploma
in 1847. He then
engaged in the prac
tice of medicine in
Waterville, Me.
After remaining there
three years he re
moved, in 1850, to
Fall River, where he
has ever since re
sided. Dr. Davis
early took a deep
interest in political
affairs, and has held
many offices of honor
and trust. He was
a member of the fa
mous Constitutional
Convention of 1853,
and was elected to the
Massachusetts Sen
ate in 1858 and i860.
He was a delegate to
the National Repub
lican Conventions of
i860 and 1876. The citizens of Fall River chose him
as their mayor for the year 1873. He was a member
of the State Board of Charities when it was organized
in 1863; was appointed to the State Board of Health
in 1869, on its organization, and remained a member
until it was merged with the State Board of Health,
Lunacy and Charity, in 1879, when he became a mem
ber of that board. Dr. Davis has made a most excel
lent record as member of the national House of Rep-

ROBERT T. DAVIS.

resentatives. He was elected to the Forty-eighth
Congress, and re-elected to the Forty-ninth and Fiftieth
Congresses on the Republican ticket. He has been a
member of the Sewerage Commission, president of the
Bristol County South Medical Society, councillor of the
Massachusetts Medical Society, and a member of the
American Medical and the National Public Health
associations. Locally, Dr. Davis, while for several years
retired alike from the practice of his profession and
engagement in pub
lic matters, has shown
deep interest in the
common welfare, and
has several times
raised his voice in
behalf of popular ad
vantages when pub
lic questions have
been discussed. He
resides on High
Street, his family con
sisting of his wife
and one son (Robert
C. Davis), the former
having been Miss
Susan A. Haight, of
New Castle, N. Y.,
to whom he was wed
ded in June, 1862.
He had previously
married Miss Sarah
Wilbur, who died in
1856. In public
speech Dr. Davis is
deliberate, clear,
forceful and often
eloquent. Grace and
strength are com
bined in an individ
ual style in his writ
ing. He has been earnestly interested in the cause of
education in the city, and one of the public schools has
been named for him. Dr. Davis has also established a
fund, the proceeds of which are used for the purchase
of the " Davis Prize Aledal," for the encouragement of
scholarship. He has been a member of the Commercial
Club since its organization; is president of the Wam-
panoag Mills and a director in five other manufacturing
corporations.

FALL RIVER.

487

%t&

CHARLES JARVIS HOLMES, son of the late
Charles Jarvis and Louisa (Haskell) Holmes,
was born, March 4, 1834, in Rochester, Mass. His
father, as was his father before him, was a lawyer, a
prominent member of the Bristol County bar, and for a
long period was a member of the Massachusetts Legis
lature, and at one time a member of the governor's
council. Charles Jarvis Holmes was five years old
when he removed with his parents to Taunton, and nine
years old when h e
and they removed to
Fall River, where he
has since resided.
H e attended the
public schools of the 1
city, and was a mem- .*##*"
ber of the first class
formed in the Fall
River High School,
graduating in 1853.
After graduation,
being nineteen years
old, he entered the
service of the Massa-
soit Bank. At the
age of twenty-one
he was elected treas
urer of the Five Cent
Savings Bank, which
position he still
holds. In the same
year he was elected
cashier of the Wam-
sutta Bank, which in
1864 became the
Second National
Bank. He still oc
cupies this position.
Mr. Holmes is presi
dent of the King
Philip Mills and of the Sagamore Mill, and a director in
the Border City Mills. Mr Holmes was a member of
the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1873,
and of the Senate in 1877 and 1878, being chairman of
the Banking Committee. His service in the State Legis
lature was a most active and useful one. He served in
the Fall River Board of Aldermen two years. He was
a member of the School Committee for sixteen years,
during which time he exerted a strong influence upon

CHARLES J. HOLMES

the educational affairs of the city. Mr. Holmes has been
a trustee of the Public Library — which office he still
holds — thirty years. He is chairman of the Civil Service
Commission of the Fall River district, and has been
a member of the Board of Overseers of the Poor of F'all
River since the board was created during the adminis
tration of Mayor Jackson. He is also chairman of the
committee of Associated Savings Banks of the State, of
which committee he has been a leading member for
nearly thirty years,
and he has been a long
time in municipal
positions requi ring
financial sagacity.
M r. Holmes was
married May 4, 1858,
to AI i s s Mary A.
Remington, daughter
of Joshua and Joanna
Remington, in Fall
River ; and their
children are Mary L.,
Anna C. and Charles
L. Holmes. The
latter i s associated
with his father in the
business of the local
bank named. M r.
Holmes has long
been a member and
is the senior deacon
of the Central Con
gregational Church.
His position in the
community is that
of a progressive busi
ness man, a respected
citizen and a co-op
erator in all move
ments started for the
improvement of the condition of the people. On finan
cial and municipal affairs Mr. Holmes is considered one
of the best authorities in the city, and his opinion is
frequently sought on difficult questions. His long
experience in official and business life, and his high
standing as man and citizen, will qualify him to rank
among the representative men of the Commonwealth.
In Fall River no man is more highly esteemed for his
fine qualities of mind and heart than Mr. Holmes.

488

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

GEORGE ALBERT CHACE was born in Somerset,
Mass., opposite Fall River, Sept. 16, 1844, and
was the son of Albert Gordon Chace and Sarah Shearman
(Purinton) Chace. He passed his boyhood in Somerset,
and was educated in the common schools of that town.
At the age of seventeen he enlisted in the Third Regi
ment, Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, commanded by
Colonel Silas P. Richmond. He joined the command
of General Foster in North Carolina, went through that
campaign, and was
mustered out in July,
1863. Returning
from the war, he
entered, in May,
1864, the office of
Charles O. Shove,
the projector and
treasurer of the
Granite Mills, and
was given every
opportunity by Mr.
Shove to acquire a
thorough knowledge
of the cotton-manu
facturing business
as then conducted in
Fall River. Ten
years later, in 1874,
he was elected treas
urer and manager of
the Shove Mills, and
built and equipped
Shove Mill No. 1 un
der the direction and
plans of Mr. Shove,
and in 1880 planned
and equipped Shove
Mill No. 2. These
two mills contained
about sixty thousand
spindles and one thousand five hundred looms. In the
following year Mr. Chace was elected treasurer and
manager of the Bourne Mills, in North Tiverton, adjoin
ing FaU River. Mr. Chace planned, built and equipped
these mills with about forty-three thousand spindles and
one thousand two hundred and sixty looms. Air. Chace
and the mills are widely known by reason of his system
of profit sharing, which was introduced in 1889, by which
the operatives, in proportion to their wages, share with

GEORGE A. CHACE

the owners in the profits of the company. This system
has been written about and discussed extensively with
reference to its operation in the Bourne Mills, and Mr.
Chace, as treasurer and manager of the mills, has con
tributed articles to leading newspapers explaining its
advantages. It is now as successful as ever in these
mills. In 1884 Mr. Chace resigned the management of
the Shove Mills, though he is still a director and one
of the larger stockholders. Mr. Chace is a member
of the Association
for Promotion
of Profit Sharing,
of which there are
seventy-four mem
bers in the United
States. Mr. Chace
was for ten years a
director of the Mas-
sasoit National Bank,
resigning in 1892.
He was married in
1870 to Miss Sarah
Anna B r o w n e 1 1,
daughter of Air.
Fenner Brownell, of
Fall River. The two
children of Mr. and
Mrs. Chace are
Eleanor Sarah Chace
and Fenner Albert
Chace ; the former is
a student in Welles
ley College, and the
latter is preparing
in the high school for
Harvard University.
Air. Chace was one of
the projectors of the
moral and educa
tional work now in
progress for boys in Fall River, and is vice-president
of the Boys' Club and of the Young Men's Christian
Association, and chairman of its extension committees.
Air. Chace has a peculiar fondness for the study of lan
guages, and has acquired by private application during
leisure hours an acquaintance with Greek, Latin, Ger
man, French, Spanish, Italian and Swedish. Mr. Chace
has a modest summer cottage, "The Sea Breeze," at
Stone Bridge, in Tiverton, R. I.

FALL RIVER.

489

STEPHEN BARNABY ASHLEY, son of William H.
and Joannah (Barnaby) Ashley, was born in the
suburb of Fall River now known as Steep Brook, Dec.
25, 1850. His parents were of English descent on his
father's side, and of Scottish on his mother's side. Mr.
Ashley went to Fall River to live in 1857 ; attended the
public schools of the city and studied about two years
in the High School, after which he went to Brooklyn,
N. Y., and spent two years in the Brooklyn Polytechnic
Institute. He then
returned to Fall
River, and worked
as a clerk in the
ready-made clothing
store of his father.
After about four years
he was admitted to
partnership in his
father's business, the
firm name being
W. H. & S. B. Ashley,
and the business fX
being conducted at
No. 20 North Alain **
Street. In 1876 this
firm closed out its
affairs, and Stephen \
B. Ashley became a
coal merchant, which
business he carried
on three or four years.
In 1880 he sold out,
and with Stephen
Davol, of Fall River,
and Byron Smith, of
Providence, bought
the Middlebury, Vt.,
cotton mills, which STEPHEN
the three operated
about a year and a
half, making cotton yarn. In February, 1882, with
William F. Draper, of Hopedale, J. B. Barnaby, of Prov
idence, Simeon B. Chase, of Fall River, and others,
he organized the Barnaby Manufacturing Company, of
which he has since been the treasurer. The mill of this
company is located in the eastern part of the city ; its
business is the manufacture of fine colored cotton prod
ucts, or what are called " fine zephyr goods." This mill
was the first one of its kind erected in this country, and

the first combing machines for the combing of fine yarn
which were operated in this section were run in this
mill. The mill employs about four hundred and fifty
hands. The business, which has a capital of four hun
dred thousand dollars, has paid liberally from the start.
It is noteworthy as the only enterprise out of the ordi
nary run of cotton mills and other closely related enter
prises which has been a success since the erection of
cotton mills began in Fall River. The goods made at
the Barnaby mill are
sent to every State
in the Union, and
the reputation of the
firm has become
firmly established.
Mr. Ashley was mar
ried on Feb. 18,
1874, to Miss Har
riet t e Remington
Davol, of Fall River,
daughter of Stephen
and Sarah F. Davol ;
their children are :
Mary Easton, Anna
Byron, William H.
and Stephen B. Ash
ley. They reside on
Highland Avenue in
a large and attractive
house, which has
been recently
erected. In the so
cial life of Fall
River he is as well-
known as in busi
ness circles. He has
travelled much
abroad in the course
of advancing his
business, and is
known at home and elsewhere as an active, devoted and
progressive business man. He is a director in the
National Union Bank of Fall River and in the Colum
bia Mutual Life Assurance Company of Providence.
In politics, Mr. Ashley is an active Republican, and is a
member of the Republican State Central Committee.
On all subjects relating to the cotton manufacturing
industry Mr. Ashley is well posted, and is one of the
best authorities in the city.

B. ASHLEY.

49©

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

LEONTINE LINCOLN, who was born in Fall River
Dec. 26, 1846, is descended from Thomas Lin
coln, a sturdy New England pioneer, who settled in
Taunton in 1652, and is the son of Jonathan Thayer
and Abby (Luscomb) Lincoln. He was educated in
Fall River and at Providence, R. I. At nineteen he
formed a connection with the business house of Kilburn,
Lincoln & Co., a large concern engaged in the manu
facture of cotton and silk looms, of which he is now
treasurer, having
become thoroughly
acquainted with
the details of
the business. He
has since extended
his commercial inter
ests in a great many
different directions,
however, and is pres
ident and a director
of the Second Na
tional Bank, presi
dent of the Seacon-
net Mills, a director
in the Hargraves
Mill, a director in
the Tecumseh and
King Philip Mills, a
director in the Bar
nard Manufacturing
Company and the
Crystal Spring
Bleaching and Dye
ing Company. His
connection with the
cause of education
in the city of Fall
River has always
been earnest, active
and prominent. He
has been a member of the School Committee since
1879, and its chairman since 1888 ; has been a trustee
of the Fall River Free Public Library since 1878, and
its secretary and treasurer since 1879. He is the sec
retary of the Board of Trustees of the 1>. M. C. Durfee
High School, and a member of the Old Colony Histori
cal Society. The High Street school, which he attended
in early life, was named, in honor of him, the Lincoln
School, a few years ago. Mr. Lincoln was married in

LEONTINE LINCOLN

Fall River, May 12, 1868, to Miss Amelia S. Duncan,
daughter of Rev. John Duncan and Mary A. (Macowan)
Duncan, who has borne him two children, Jonathan
Thayer Lincoln and Leontine Lincoln, Jr. The degree
of A. Al. was conferred upon Mr. Lincoln by Brown
LTniversity in 1889. He is a great lover of books and
finds his best recreation in extending his wide knowl
edge of them in his valuable and complete library. Mr.
Lincoln is a Republican in politics, believing strongly
in the principles
of his party, and
earnestly advocating
protection in every
campaign, where his
earnest eloquence
has contributed
much towards the
success of the Re
publicans. In his
speeches on these
occasions he has
shown a clear under
standing and a thor
oughly practical
grasp of the ques
tions at issue, nota
bly those questions
affecting the tariff,
on which he has
written one very im
portant paper relat
ing to raw material,
which has been
widely read. His
style is forcible,
graceful and correct,
both in writing and
speaking. Mr. Lin
coln's sympathy with
all moral and spirit
ual progress is manifest in the unostentatious way in
which he devotes his powers to worthy objects apart
from business. In his position as chairman of the
School Board, it is realized that Mr. Lincoln is likely to
have no successor who will conduct the important duties
of the office with greater discretion, or aid the mem
bers by a larger fund of knowledge of school affairs.
His wide knowledge of men and measures renders him
a citizen who is well fitted for the duties of public life,

FALL RIVER.

491

FRANK SHAW STEVENS is a native of Rutland, Vt.
He was born in that town, Aug. 6, 1827. He
received a common-school education, and then entered
a store in Westfield, N. Y., as clerk. After four years'
service in the store he made a trip with other 'Forty-
niners to the newly discovered gold fields of California.
He did not find the rough life of a miner to his liking,
however, and soon abandoned it to go into partnership
with Henry Durfee in the express business. The young
men were succeeding
finely when high
water came on and
they were forced to
give up their business.
Mr Stevens then
went into the restau
rant business, and
subsequently rana
stage line between ?#**% t
Sacramento and
Placerville. When,
in 1854, all the stage
lines in California
were consolidated
under the name of
the California Stage
Company, he was
chosen vice-presi
dent, and had charge
of an important di-
visionuntil 1866. On
his final return East
he settled in Swansea.
He still resides in
Swansea villag e,
where he is held in
high esteem Air.
Stevens has large
business interests in
Kentucky, and has
been prominently identified with many manufacturing
and financial enterprises in Fall River since he became
a resident of the vicinity. He is president of the Globe
Street Railway Company and the Fall River Merino
Company, president of the Metacomet National Bank,
and a director in ten local corporations. Mr. Stevens
was a Democrat till the first year of the war ; since then
he has been an active Republican ; was a State senator
in 1884 and a delegate to the National Republican

FRANK S. STEVENS

Conventions of 1884 and 1888. He has been married
twice, his first wife having been Julia A. B. Birch,
widow of James E. Birch, of Swansea, to whom he was
united in July, 1858, and his second and present wife
having been Miss Elizabeth R. Case, of Swansea, to
whom Mr. Stevens was married April 22, 1873. They
have no children. Mr. Stevens's benefactions in recent
years, both public and private, have endeared him to
the community ; and his genial disposition makes him
welcome wherever he
goes. In 1890 he
gave to the town of
Swansea a town hall
of modern architec
ture with a tower, bell
and clock. The hall
is located in Swansea
Village, not far from
H AI r . Stevens's resi
dence, and is known
as Stevens Memo
rial HaU. It affords
room for the Swansea
Public Library, as
well as for town
elections and kin
dred uses, and for
religious meetings.
The seating capacity
is five hundred.
There are three rooms
in the building : a
town hall, a library,
and a selectmen's
room. The structure
is of wall stone, taken
from Mr. Stevens's
fields, with Long
meadow brownstone
trimmings. The hall
was dedicated Sept. 9, 1891, and the occasion was a
memorable one. Mr. Stevens is extremely popular in
the social life of Swansea and of Fall River, and at his
beautiful home there have been many brilliant social
gatherings. He is interested in the raising of fine
stock, and has many fine specimens on his farm at
Swansea. In political as well as in business circles, Mr.
Stevens exerts a strong and healthful influence, and is
widely esteemed by his fellow-citizens.

492

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

SIMEON BORDEN CHASE, one of the foremost
manufacturers of Fall River, is a native of Ports
mouth, R. I., where he was born Jan. io, 1849, the son
of Borden and Elizabeth (Thomas) Chase. His early
days were spent in Portsmouth, and he attended school
in that town until he was about eighteen years old. He
then went to Providence to take a course of study in
Scholfield's Commercial College. Having prepared for
the first steps of a business career, he was graduated
from the college and
became a clerk in
the office of the Aler-
chants' Mill in Fall
River. In the spring
of 1870 Air. Chase
went to the West,
and spent about a
year and a half in
Nebraska. Return
ing to Fall River, he
resumed his place
with the Merchants'
Mill, in whose office
he had become as
sistant book-keeper
before he went to the
West. In the year
1875 Mr. Chase left
the employ of the
Merchants' Manufac
turing Company to
accept a more re
sponsible position
vvith another corpo
ration. He became
treasurer of the
Tecumseh Mills, in
which connection he
continued until about
the year 1882, when
he returned to the Merchants' Mill as treasurer. In
February, 1885, he became treasurer of the King Philip
Mills, which office he has held the past seven years.
This corporation is a very large and a very solid one ;
is one of the oldest mill concerns in the city and one
of the most prosperous. Mr. Chase's interests are by
no means confined to the King Philip Mills, for he is
also president of the Barnaby Manufacturing Company,
and a director of the Tecumseh and Davol Mills, the

SIMEON

Crystal Spring Bleaching and Dyeing Company, and the
Stevens Manufacturing Company. He was married in
1874 to Miss Louise Whitman Hills, and their children
are Mary Whitman, Annie Borden, Louise, Genevieve
and Florence Chase. Mr. Chase was at one time a
member of the Common Council of Fall River, but
has never otherwise engaged in the affairs of municipal
government, nor held prominent offices of any kind
aside from business. He has for many years been an
earnest student of
economic questions,
especially of the
tariff, and the result
of his study and in
vestigation has 1 e d
him to a belief in
the protective policy.
He is a Republican,
and in recent politi
cal campaigns has
made many clear,
direct and effective
speeches in behalf
of the principle of
protection as it is
advocated by the
Republican party.
His ability as a pub
lic speaker has thus
become recognized,
and he has delivered
many lectures and
read many essays be
fore various literary
societies of the city.
His writings are
notable for practical
B. CHASE. insight and original
presentation of his
views. Especially by
his articles and speeches on the tariff question Mr. Chase
has established an enviable reputation and become widely
known as a vigorous thinker. The many responsible posi
tions which he holds in the manufacturing world and his
extended experience render him one of the highest
authorities in the Commonwealth on questions relating
to his special interests. In the business as well as in
the social life of Fall River, Mr. Chase is highly esteemed
and very popular for his personal qualities.

FALL RIVER.

493

ANDREW JACKSON JENNINGS, one of the most
prominent members of the Fall River bar, was
born in that city, Aug. 2, 1849. His early education
was obtained in the public schools of Fall River, and
after leaving the high school in 1867 he pursued his
preparatory studies at Mowry & Goff's Classical School
in Providence, R. I. Upon graduating from this insti
tution in 1868, Mr. Jennings matriculated at Brown
University and graduated with high honors in the class
of 1872. During his
college course Mr.
Jennings took a lively
interest in athletic
sports, and was cap
tain of the base-ball
nines of his class
and of the univer
sity. After leaving
college, Mr. Jennings
was for two years
princip al of the
Warren (R. I.) High
School, and in 1874
entered upon the
study of law, in the
office of James M.
Morton in Fall River.
He then entered the
Law School of Bos
ton University, from
which he was grad
uated with the degree
of LL.B. in May,
1876. Immediately
thereafter he was ad
mitted to the bar of
Bristol County, and
became Mr. Morton's
partner, the firm
name being Morton
& Jennings. This relation continued until 1890, when
Mr. Morton was appointed a justice of the Supreme
Judicial Court of Massachusetts. Mr. Jennings subse
quently formed a law partnership with Mr. John S.
Brayton, Jr., which was dissolved about a year ago. He
is now engaged in the practice of law alone, and has a
large and increasing business. Mr. Jennings is consid
ered one of the ablest corporation lawyers in the Com
monwealth, though he by no means confines himself to

ANDREW J. JENNINGS

this class of practice. He early acquired an enviable
reputation as a hard-working, painstaking and consci
entious advocate, and this reputation has been well
sustained. Among the qualities which have assured his
success are his earnestness and his ability to identify
himself thoroughly with the interests of his client. Mr.
Jennings was a member of the School Committee of
Fall River for three years, during which time he ren
dered valuable aid to the cause of education. He was
elected to the Mas
sachusetts House of
Representatives i n
1877, and served on
the Judiciary Com
mittee in that body.
Re-elected the fol
lowing year, he again
served on the same
committee. In 1881
Mr. Jennings was
elected to the State
Senate, where he was
also a member of the
Committee on Judi
ciary. He was one of
the most active and
useful members of
the Legislature, and
though a strong
Republican he was
not biassed by par
tisanship. He has
at various times
taken an active part
in political cam
paigns, his speeches
being remarkable for
the effectiveness of
their logic. Mr.
Jennings has for sev
eral years been a trustee of the corporation of Brown
University. He is also identified with several of the
leading corporations of the city, being a director in the
Merchants' Mfg. Co., the Globe Yarn Mills and the San
ford Spinning Company. In religion, Mr. Jennings is a
Baptist. His domestic and social relations have been
very pleasant. On Christmas Day, 1879, he was married
to Miss Marion G. Saunders, of Warren, R. I., and they
have two children, Oliver Saunders and Marion Jennings.

494

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

THE city of Fall River does not rest her fame alone
upon her manufactures, or the fact that she has
given her name to the most famous of the world's float
ing palaces. She excels in the character of her public
men, and to none of them does she offer a more gen
erous meed of respect than to the gentleman upon
whose career this slight sketch is based. James Fred
erick Jackson, son of Elisha T. and Caroline (Fobes)
Jackson, was born in Taunton, Mass., Nov. 13, 185 1.
In his boyhood he
attended the Taun
ton public schools,
and after proper
preparation entered
Harvard University
in 1869, and was
graduated therefrom
four years later. He
went from college,
where he studied dil
igently, to the law
office of Hon. Ed
mund H. Bennett,
in Taunton, and sub
sequently pursued a
course in the Boston
LTniversity Law
School, being gradu
ated in 1875. In
the September fol
lowing graduation
Air. Jackson opened
a law office in Fall
River. He practised
his profession alone
until 1878, when
he formed a law
partnership with
John J. Archer, Esq.
Mr. Archer dying in
1882, Mr. Jackson formed a partnership with Mr. David
F. Slade, the firm name being Jackson & Slade. In
June, 1891, Richard P. Borden, Esq., became a mem
ber, and the firm name was changed to Jackson, Slade
& Borden. This firm is at present (1892) one of the
leading law firms of Fall River. Mr. Jackson was mar
ried on June 16, 1882, to Miss Caroline S. Thurston,
daughter of the late Rev. Eli Thurston, D. D., who was an
honored pastor of the Central Congregational Church of

JAMES F. JACKSON

Fall River, and of Julia A. Thurston, who survives her
husband. Air. and Mrs. Jackson have one child, a
daughter, Edith. Mr. Jackson has not been without
some military experience, having become connected
with the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia in 1879 ; served
as second lieutenant of Company M, First Regiment
Infantry ; served as paymaster on Colonel A. C. Wel
lington's staff, and having been elected major and lieu
tenant-colonel, which latter office he resigned in 1891.
He was solicitor of
Fall River from 1880
to 1889, with the ex
ception of one year,
and was elected
mayor of the city on
the Republican
ticket in 1888, and
again in 1889. In
his practice as a law
yer, both before and
since his acceptance
of the mayoralty, he
has been connected
with many very im
portant cases, and
has been quite as
conspicuous in his
" legal services in
other parts of the
State as in Fall
River, while his con
duct as city solicitor
of the case of the
city in the water
suits pending dur
ing his administra
tion as mayor was
recognized as excep
tionally able and
honorable. Air.
Jackson has been connected for years with the Central
Congregational Church, of which he is an influential
member ; was the first president of the present Fall
River Young Alen's Christian Association ; and is an
active promoter of public enterprises, both by reason of
his connection with the Fall River Board of Trade and
in his capacity as a sound and able business man. On
all questions of municipal policy and government, Mr.
Jackson's word carries great weight.

OCCUPYING a prominent position on the northern promontory of Massachusetts Bay, a headland about five
miles in average breadth and extending about nine miles from the mainland into the Atlantic Ocean, named
Cape Ann by Prince Charles of England in honor of his mother, the consort of James I., Gloucester combines in
an unusual degree the attractions of woodland, hillside, beach and sea.
Its wholesome ocean breezes, seaside delights and facilities for sailing, fishing and bathing ; its lovely inland
byways and rural drives and rambles ; its sweet-scented pastures, covered with the fragrant bayberry, sweet-fern,
and acres of wild roses ; and its sightly hills, commanding the most beautiful prospects by sea and land, have
made it a favorite summer resort for thousands from all parts of the land.
Its natural location and the enterprising, adventurous and hardy character of its early settlers have made
it the leading fish-producing port of the western continent. Its keels part all waters, from the outlying banks of
the New England, Canadian and Newfoundland coasts to far-away Greenland, Iceland, and the North Sea. Its
white-winged messengers of fishing commerce vie in symmetry of outline, staying qualities and speed with the
costly pleasure yacht of the lordly millionnaire. Its hardy sons know no fear, and are deterred by no danger in
their pursuit of the finny tribes, and its enterprising merchants are prompt to adopt every device to place their
product upon the market in the most attractive and inviting guise.
The first occupation of the territory by white men was in 1623, when a fishing vessel sent out from England
completed its cargo in Massachusetts Bay, and proceeded with the same to Spain, leaving fourteen men "in the
country at Cape Anne" to commence a plantation. Returning the next year with another vessel, both proceeded
to England after an unsuccessful season, leaving thirty-two men behind. In 1625 three vessels were sent out
from England with " kine and other provisions," and Roger Conant was summoned from Plymouth as governor of
the new colony. But from various causes the enterprise failed, the plantation was broken up, and Mr. Conant and
some of the men went further west to Naumkeag to establish the colony at Salem. How soon thereafter Glou
cester became the residence of new settlers it is impossible to tell. It seems to have had permanent residents in
1633 ; fishing operations were conducted as early as 1639, and it was incorporated as a plantation in 1642.
It is now a city of 26,000 inhabitants (incorporated in 1873). Its leading industry is fishing, in which
it employs a fleet of 375 vessels, of some 25,000 tons, and from 4,000 to 5,000 men. It has also a large net
and twine factory, an anchor factory, three marine railways, and other manufactures incidental to the fisheries ;
a shoe factory and other business enterprises ; an excellent system of water supply, gas and electric lighting plants,
an electric street railway, railroad and steamboat connection with Boston, a free public library, and numerous
institutions of charity and benevolence.
The loving loyalty of her sons is shown by the Old Ladies' Home, the gift of Joseph F. Huntress ; the
Home for Aged Men and Women, the Gilbert Hospital, and other benefactions from Addison Gilbert, who left his
entire estate for local public benevolence ; the Sawyer Free Library, Ravenswood Park, and charitable endowments
from Samuel E. Sawyer, a princely benefactor ; a fund of $10,000 for temperance work from Charles Saunders,
and prospective benefits from the estates of John Woodward Lowe and George O. Hovey.
Last summer Gloucester observed the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of her incorporation as a town,
with a three days' celebration on a scale of magnificent proportions. The White Squadron and many beautiful
private yachts graced the waters of her beautiful harbor ; her sons and daughters came home from distant States
to exchange their congratulations with their old-time school-fellows ; her streets were thronged with visitors from
far and near to witness the spectacular exhibit ; and statesmen, soldiers, sailors, artists, merchants and men
eminent in every walk of life sat at her hospitable board.
Entering thus upon a new era, with bright prospects ahead and energy to secure them, who shall predict
her future career? The beauty which Nature provides will always endure to attract visitors to her health-giving
shores ; the sea will not refuse its harvests to recompense the toil of her valiant sons, and, with a past to rejoice
in, she may confidently look forward to further advance, additional triumphs, and a glory yet to be won.

496

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

ASA G. ANDREWS, mayor of Gloucester, was born
in West Gloucester, June 24, 1843. When a
child his parents removed to the neighboring town of
Essex. Here he spent his childhood, and obtained a
good common-school education among a sturdy and
well-to-do people, amid pleasant scenes and intelligent
companionship. At the age of twenty-one he left this
home and branched out for himself, and for five years
was in the grocery business at Concord, N. H. He
then went to Glou
cester and entered
the employment of
Charles Parkhurst &
Son, and later on
acted as agent for
the Parkhurst ma
rine railways, which
position he filled
with ability for six
teen years. Mr. An
drew s has been
closely identified
with the affairs of
the city, and has
always acted with
the Republican
party, serving on the
city committee for a
number of years.
In 1880 he was hon
ored by the citizens
of Ward Three with
an election to the
Common Council,
and re-elected in
1881. In 1882 he
was elected alder
man, and re-elected
in 1888 and 1889,
the latter year serv
ing as president of the board with credit. During his
term of service he was a valuable, conservative and
conscientious member of the committees on Public
Property, Police, Fire Department and Accounts. As
chairman of the Committee on Public Property he had
charge of the erection of the handsome new high school
building, the new police court house and armory,
buildings of which any city may well be proud. His
care and attention, and his practical business methods,

ASA G. ANDREWS

made quite a saving in the cost of these well-planned
buildings. He was also a member of the board of
trustees of the Huntress Home for Aged Ladies. In
December, 1890, he was elected mayor by a handsome
majority, was re-elected in 1891 and in 1892, and is
now serving his third term, an honor which never
before has been accorded to any citizen, proving his
popularity as a man and a public official. He now
devotes his whole time to the affairs of the city, and
citizens are sure of a
careful hearing when
they call on His
Honor at the City
Hall during office
hours. In 1892 the
two hundred and
fiftieth anniversary
of the incorporation
of Gloucester as a
town was celebrated,
an arduous year for
one occupying the
position of mayor.
The chief executive
acquitted himself
with great credit,
and proved to be
the right man in the
right place, taking a
great interest in for
warding matters, and
aiding the anniver
sary committee in
every way to make
the occasion, as it
proved to be, one of
the most successful
and well-conducted
celebrations ever
attempted in the
Commonwealth, long to be remembered by all who
came from far and near to do honor to the good old
city by the sea. Mr. Andrews is a veteran Odd Fellow
and a member and past sachem of the Red Men. He
is a charter member, director, and member of the invest
ment committee of the co-operative bank. He married,
Dec. 21, 1863, Almira C. Haskell, of West Gloucester,
and has two daughters living, — M. Addie, wife of Charles
H. Coos, of East Gloucester, and Miss Edith G. Andrews.

GLOUCESTER.

497

SYLVANUS SMITH was born in Sandy Bay (now
Rockport), Gloucester, Alarch io, 1829. He was
a son of William and Charlotte (Poole) Smith. Cap
tain Smith's great-grandfather was born on Castle Island,
in Boston Harbor, in colonial days, and served as a
privateersman in the Revolutionary War. His father,
William, lived to a venerable age, dying in Gloucester,
May 18, 1883, lacking only a month of the age of 85.
His mother belonged to a family long and intimately
connected with the
history of the town.
Captain Smith's edu
cation was received
in the public schools
of his native village.
In those days the
boys had to " lend a
hand," and at eleven
years of age he started
out to earn a living
as an operative fisher
man. By hard work,
perseverance and a
determination to suc
ceed, he worked his
way up to be master
of his craft, then
owner and outfitter
of a large fleet. In
1864 he entered into
partnership with Cap
tain Joseph Rowe,
also a successful mas
ter-mariner in the
fishing trade, engag
ing in the business
on an extensive scale.
In 1867 the copart
nership was dis
solved, Captain Smith
continuing the business with Addison Gott, Jr., the firm
continuing for ten years, when Mr. Gott retired, and
later Captain Smith took as a partner his son-in-law,
E. Archer Bradley, and afterwards admitted his son,
Howard F. Smith, under the style of Sylvanus Smith
& Co. The business is still conducted on an extensive
scale, fitting a large fleet and handling large quantities
of fish. In politics Captain Smith is an ardent Repub
lican, and he is now serving his second term as a mem-

SYLVANUS SMITH.

ber of the Massachusetts House of Representatives,
where he has made a good record as an industrious and
useful member, particularly on matters connected with
the fishing and maritime interests, in which he is well
versed. He is popular in his party and out of it, and
no doubt will win other honors in the political field if
he desires to do so. He has represented the fishery
interests of his native city on several occasions at
Washington, Halifax, etc., when practical information
was desired to pro
tect the rights of the
fishermen and out
fitters. He has been
a director of the
Gloucester Alutual
Fishing Insurance
Company for the past
twenty-five years;
for nearly twenty
years a director of the
First National Bank
of Gloucester ; vice-
president and di
rector of the Glouces
ter Net and Twine
Company for the past
eight years, and pres
ident of the Glouces
ter Board of Trade
in 1890 and 1891.
Captain Smith has
been twice married,
— first to Sarah P.
Atwood, who died
without issue. His
second wife is Eliza
C, daughter of
Charles and Harriet
(Smith) Rowe, of
Rockport, by whom
he has had twelve children, five of whom are now living,
viz., two daughters, — Alartha, wife of E. Archer Brad
ley, and Eliza, wife of Fred. A. Fisher, — and three
sons, Howard F., Horace and Sylvanus. He is an excel
lent representative of the hardy men who have done
so much to develop the fishery interests of Gloucester,
and, having accumulated a handsome estate, is content
to commit a portion of the responsibility to younger
men, and devote his time to public duties.

498

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

WILLIAM H. WONSON, 3i>, comes from a well-
known Gloucester family, being a descendant
of John Wonson, an early settler at Sandy Bay, now
Rockport, where he married a daughter of the first set
tler, Richard Tarr, in 1720, and had a house as early as
1726. John Wonson's youngest son, Samuel, removed
to East Gloucester, at which place the family is now a
large one, his descendants being among the most enter
prising, reliable and persevering fishing merchants of
Gloucester, and are
now numbered
among her most re
spected citizens.
William H. Wonson, [
3d, was born in
Gloucester, June 22,
1826, son of William
H. and Susan (Par-
sons) Wonson, who
are both still living,
being among the
oldest citizens. Air.
Wonson is probably
the only man in the
city, of his age, who
has both his parents
now living. Air.
Wonson was edu
cated in the public
schools of Glouces
ter. In his boyhood
and early manhood
he followed the fish
eries a s a business
for eighteen years,
starting out at the
tender age of ten
years to earn a live
lihood, and help his
father along, as a
fisherman, rising to the command of a fine fishing
schooner at the age of twenty-four years, and continuing
as master for four years. About this time he retired
from fishing, and with his father, his two brothers,
Benjamin and Addison, established a new branch of
the fishing business, the purchase, smoking and sale of
smoked halibut, under the firm name of William H.
Wonson & Son, which enterprise from the start has
been very successful. Air. Wonson has ever been an

WILLIAM H. WONSON, 3d.

active Republican, has frequently served as a member
of the City Committee from Ward One, and always taken
part in public affairs. When the city government was
established in 1873 he was elected as an alderman
from his native ward, and re-elected in 1874, serv
ing for the years 1874 and 1875, the first years of the
city government, with credit to himself and benefit to
his ward. He was chosen representative to the Massa
chusetts General Court in 1881, re-elected in 1882, and
was a valued mem
ber, especially on
matters connected
with the fisheries.
He served on the im
portant committee of
harbor and pub 1 i c
lands. He kept
well in line in h i s
political career, for
in the year 1883 he
was the choice of
the people for mayor,
and was re-elected
to serve in 1884,
making an honest
and conservative
executive. He is
the only Gloucester
mayor who has ever
had the same Board
of Aldermen elected
and serve for the two
consecutive years
while he held the
office. Mr. Wonson
is president of the
Gloucester Fisher
man's Institute, di
rector and member of
the Executive Com
mittee of the Gloucester Board of Trade. He is a trustee
of the Prospect Street Methodist Episcopal Church, in
which he takes a lively interest. He spends his summers
at Asbury ( irove. He married, April 30, 1848, Judith W.
Tarr, by whom he had four children, one son and three
daughters. The son died in early life ; the oldest
daughter, Judith lu., married Augustus Hubbard ; Ida
married Osborn P. Linnekin, and Josephine married
Sidney IT. Savage, and all are settled in Gloucester.

GLOUCESTER.

499

FRANCIS PROCTER, eldest son of Francis Epes
and Ann (Allen) Procter, was born in Gloucester,
March 16, 1833. His mother was descended from Rev.
John White, who, ordained April 21, 1703, served the
First Parish fifty-eight years. On his father's side he is
a descendant from Rev. Francis Higginson, the first
minister at Salem, John Procter who was put to death
in the witchcraft delusion of 1692, and Colonel William
Prescott, of Bunker Hill fame. He was educated in
the Gloucester pub
lic schools. His
father died in 1846,
when he was thir
teen years old, leav
ing him, with two
younger brothers,
the support of his
mother, who shortly
after lost her eye
sight. Borrowing
of her one dollar
he purchased thirty-
three copies of the
Flag of our Union
and thus started a
business now em
bracing printing,
publishing, booksell
ing, stationery, wall
paper and a general
newspaper trade.
In 1854 he took his
brother, George H.
Procter, as a partner,
starting the firm of
Procter Brothers (his
younger brother, Wil
liam A., having died
in 1848). In July,
1853, "Procter's Able
Sheet" was started and published monthly, and was later
changed to the Gloucester Advertiser, a semi-monthly.
In 1856 the Cape Ann Advertiser was first issued and
is still published weekly. Their latest venture, the
Gloucester Daily Times, came out June 16, 1888, and is
now printed on a Cox duplex perfecting press. Mr.
Procter has always been interested in public improvements
notably, the laying out of Bellevue Heights for residen
tial lots. The firm is also interested in Wolf Hill and

FRANCIS PROCTER

Willoughby Park, pleasant summer resorts. Mr. Procter
was a delegate to the first Free -Soil Convention at Wor
cester; served as auditor of the town accounts in 1861 ;
attended the Liberal Republican Convention of 1872 ; was
a member of the Conference Committee that nominated
Charles Sumner for governor ; was alderman from Ward
Four in 1876, and has always been an active Republi
can. He joined the Masonic Fraternity in early man
hood, was secretary of Tyrian Lodge for two years,
chairman of the
Parish Committee of
the Independent
Christian Society
(the oldest Univer
salist Church in
America), from 1883
to 1889 ; is secretary
and tieasurer of the
Wolf Hill Land
Company, and presi
dent of the Wil
loughby Park Land
Association. He is
also director of the
Gloucester Board of
Trade, chairman of
the Committee on
Manufactures, direc
tor of the Gloucester
Cooperative Bank,
and a member of the
Board of Park Com-
m i s s i o n e r s. Mr.
Procter married in
Marlboro', Mass.,
March 15, 1856,
Mary Melissa,
daughter of Solomon
and Mary H. (Per
kins) Rice, of that
town. His children are Frank Rice, George Perkins
(deceased), William Allen and Alary AI. Procter. He
helped organize the Massachusetts Press Association in
1869, served as secretary two years, vice-president five
years, president three years, is fourth vice-president Amer
ican Associated Dailies, and has been delegate to many
conventions of the National Editorial Association, and
member of its Executive Committee. Mr. Procter has
travelled extensively, spending two winters in Bermuda.

PITTSFIELD is the first city of Berkshire County. It is situated almost in the centre of a geographical amphi
theatre, the Taconics, Washington Mountain, Perry's Peak and Potter Mountain rising about it like
sentinels. Visitors are speedily impressed with its wide streets, stately trees and substantial buildings. There
are six lakes within Pittsfield's borders and numberless scenic panoramas which would alone make the place
celebrated. Pittsfield became a city in 1891, feeling that, with eighteen thousand inhabitants, letter-carrier
service, well-organized police and fire departments, fire-alarm telegraph, fine water supply, electric lights, telephone
facilities, first-class sidewalks, street railway, etc., the place had attained municipal importance. By this change,
however, Pittsfield has lost none of its air of refinement and its loveliness as a summer resort.
Since 1868 Pittsfield has been the county seat, thus gaining a fine marble court house and soon after a
correspondingly substantial jail. Admirable railroad facilities have contributed much toward its development,
Boston and New York being within five hours' ride by way of the Boston & Albany and Housatonic branch of the
New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad. Pittsfield has always nurtured its educational, industrial, social and
religious interests. Its aristocracy has never been of the purse-proud, arrogant type, but rather of the earnest,
patriotic sort, possessed of the same spirit that led "Fighting Parson" Allen to drop his sermon to participate in
the battle of Bennington. Linked with the history of the town are the names of Plunkett, Barker, Pomeroy,
AUen, Francis, Parker, Colt, Dunham, Childs and Russell. The town has always had something of a literary tone,
deepened perhaps by Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes's summer residence, Herman Melville's home at "Arrowhead,"
and the late Poet Longfellow's frequent visits. Its pulpits have almost invariably been filled with pastors of strong
personality, such as Rev. Dr. John Todd, Rev. Dr. Heman Humphrey, Rev. Dr. William C. Richards and Rev.
Dr. William Wilberforce Newton.
Several libraries were founded as early as 1796. The Athenaeum, Pittsfield's present library building, stands
a monument to the late Thomas Allen, one of her self-made sons, who never lost his love for his native place,
although most of his life was passed in the West, he being the chief promoter of the Pacific Railroad and presi
dent of the first company that began its construction. The Athenaeum also contains an art gallery and museum
and rooms of the Berkshire Historical and Scientific Society.
The Business Men's Association was organized in 1881 with over a hundred members, and has convenient
rooms of its own. Pittsfield's increasing manufacturing establishments are to a great extent hidden away in the
extremities of the city, so that the principal streets retain all their old picturesqueness, so agreeable to the hun
dreds of visitors who annually flock from the great cities to its summer hotels and many private residences. The
place has interesting residences. There is, for instance, the Thomas Plunkett house, once the home of Thomas
Gold, who, tradition has it, sat in an upper chamber and saw his own funeral, as the procession passed to the
cemetery. It was necessary, if the old story is to be believed, that, owing to some financial transactions, he
should be dead. After the obsequies he made his escape to distant lands. It was in this house that Longfellow's
famous poem, "The Old Clock on the Stairs," was written, and the clock remains in the same hallway to this day.
Twenty-six common schools serve to show the wide diffusion of educational advantages. At a period just
before the town became a city the real estate valuation was placed at $7,101,525, with personal estate sufficient to
bring the grand total to $9,893,959. Pittsfield's banking facilities are excellent, the loan and discount business of
three institutions reaching over $2,000,000 in a recent year. Its industries are widely diversified, although the
manufacture of woollens, yarns, braids, shoes and shoe and iron specialties predominate. The city has several
noteworthy insurance companies and four newspapers. Pittsfield, with its uncommon advantages and encircled by
such interesting places as Lenox and Stockbridge, is an ideal home.

PITTSFIELD.

501

JABEZ L. PECK, mayor of Pittsfield and once before
the chief executive of his native city, was born
Dec. 7, 1826. He descended from pioneer New
England stock, his father Jabez and his uncle Elijah
Peck being the founders of what is now known as the
Peck Lower Mill, he succeeding them in the manufac
ture of cotton yarn. His mother was Clarissa Peck.
Young Peck gained a good education in the public
schools and early entered the manufacturing business,
which was to prove
his life-work, grasp
ing its details readily,
for he inherited a
liking for the impor
tant industrial niche
destiny had marked
out for him. In
1864, in company
with Joseph K. Kil-
burn, he built the
Peck Upper Mill,
for the manufacture
of flannels. Four
years later he bought
out his partner and
in 1888 constructed
the large weave sheds
of the Peck Manu
facturing Company.
He is at the head of
this prosperous con
cern, which gives
employment to two
hundred and fifty
hands, and from the
first, through poor
and prosperous times,
has conducted it
with rare business
skill, energy and
forethought. His life as a business man, public officer,
citizen and pioneer is thoroughly interwoven with the
history of the old town which he has served five years
as water commissioner, ten as chief engineer of the fire
department, having always been a member of Company
No. 1, and one year a selectman. He is president of
and a director in the stanch old Berkshire Mutual Fire
insurance Company, which was organized in 1835, a
director and member of the Finance Committee of the

Berkshire Life Insurance Company, a director in the
Agricultural National Bank, a trustee and member of the
Finance Committee of the Berkshire Savings Bank, and
a trustee in the Pittsfield Cemetery Corporation, be
side being prominent in the affairs of the First Church
parish. Air. Peck was elected to the Board of Alder
man from Ward Three in 1890 and was chosen presi
dent, in which position he did efficient work. So
heartily did his work commend itself to members of his
party that he was
unanimously nomi
nated for the mayor
alty a year later, and
although the city is
naturallyDemocratic,was elected after an
exceedingly exciting
and interesting cam
paign. His admin
istration was char
acterized by a firm
and wise control of
municipal affairs, and
an economical man
agement of the city's
finances. At the
close of his admin
istration there was a
general demand for
h i s renomination,
which was so strong
as to overcome his
personal preferences,
and he reluctantly
consented to again
be a candidate. He
was re-elected by a
largely increased
majority, at a time
when the city stood
peculiarly in need of a firm and level-headed execu
tive, the result giving satisfaction to men of all parties.
Mayor Peck was married in 1853 to Miss Elizabeth D.
Dowse, and has two children, Thomas D., who is asso
ciated with him in business, and Miss Alary Clarissa
Peck. He resides on East Street, one of the loveliest
and most aristocratic avenues of the city. Mayor Peck
has the reputation of being one of the ablest financiers
in Berkshire County.

JABEZ L. PECK.

502

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

COLONEL WALTER CUTTING was born in
Westchester County, New York, April 19, 1841,
being the son of the late Robert L. Cutting and the late
Juliana Cutting, of New York City. He spent his boy
hood days in and about the metropolis. Entering
Columbia College, he was graduated from that institu
tion in the class of 1862. The war had fairly begun as
he closed his studies, and he was not long in determin
ing which way duty led. He was mustered into service
as ensign of Com
pany G, Thirtieth
Regiment, New York
Volunteers, Jan. 10,
1862. He was
speedily detailed on
staff duty as aide-de
camp to Brigadier-
General (afterwards
Major-General) C.
C. Augur. Three
months after enlisting
he was promoted to
the first lieutenancy
of Company G. The
next year he was
made captain and
additional aide-de
camp, being m u s -
tered out of service
in July, 1866, when
he was brevetted
lieutenant-col o n e 1,
for " gallant and mer
itorious services."
In December, 1863,
Lieutenant - Colon e 1
Cutting was made
major and senior
aide-de-camp of the
Twenty-second Army
Corps. Although closely confined to his varied busi
ness enterprises, he has never lost interest in military
affairs, being a member of the Grand Army and of the
Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United
States. Mr. Cutting is now colonel and senior aide-de
camp to Governor WiUiam E. Russell of Massachusetts,
in which State he has resided since May, 1868. Thus,
at the age of twenty-five, Mr. Cutter found himself a
lieutenant-colonel, having been graduated when he was

MP"

WALTER CUTTING

only twenty-one years old. Two years after returning
from the war he engaged in the manufacture of paper
at Dalton, Mass., with the late Alajor-General William
F. Bartlett, of the LTnited States Volunteers, the firm
being known as Bartlett & Cutting. The concern was
dissolved in September, 1875, after having gained a
wide-spread reputation for the quality of its products.
During his whole life Mr. Cutting has been a fancier of
fine horses and cattle, and for several years past has
devoted especial at
tention to the breed
ing of fast steppers
and Guernsey cattle,
until the Cutting
farm has become
justly celebrated
throughout the East
ern States. Colonel
Cutting has many
other interests, how
ever, his stock inter
ests being simply the
outgrowth of a gen
tleman's stable. Al
though he spends
some of his time in
New York, Colonel
Cutting has a deep
and abiding interest
in Pittsfield affairs,
and has played his
part in the develop
ment of the bustling
Berkshire city, being
identified with its
most solid institu
tions. His residence
and grounds are
among the finest in
that pictu resque
municipality. In his earlier years he was interested in
the George Y. Learned Engine Company No. 2, which
is the "crack" fire organization of Pittsfield. Colonel
Cutting stands high in Masonry, having reached the
thirty-third degree, and is also a member of the Mystic
Shrine. ITe was once the Democratic candidate for
the lieutenant-governorship of Alassachusetts. He
wedded Miss AI. C. Pomeroy, daughter of Robert
Pomeroy, of Pittsfield, Sept. 30, 1869.

PITTSFIELD.

503

OLIVER WELLS ROBBINS is a genuine son of
Berkshire. He was born in Pittsfield, Aug. 20,
18 1 2, and has always lived there, his parents being
Elijah and Thankful Wells Robbins. Young Robbins,
after completing the course of the public schools,
engaged in farming, which occupation had consumed
much of his previous attention, for he was brought up
in the stern school of workers, which has produced so
many successful men. It may be truly said of him that
he has never known
an idle day in all his
long life. In 1856
he started in the re
tail shoe business,
which he continued
for ten years, until,
his health failing, he
was forced to retire.
Four years later,
having recovered his
bodily vigor, he en
gaged in shoe man
ufacturing with
Charles W. Kellogg,
the firm being known
as Robbins & Kel
logg, and being still
in existence. Mr.
Robbins was elected
to the Massachusetts
House of Represen
tatives in 1880, and
was a member of the
State Senate ten
years later. In 1892
he served the Dem
ocrats as candidate
for mayor of Pitts
field. He has always
taken a deep inter
est in public affairs, and has rarely been known to miss a
town meeting or caucus, no matter how small its prom
ised import, and has sometimes been styled " the
watch-dog of the treasury," because of his economical
views. Still, his prudence is anything but of the mis
erly type, and his candor and fairness have always been
so marked as to win him friends among his political
opponents. A prominent newspaper, independent in
its politics, once summed up Mr. Robbins's characteris-

OLIVER W. ROBBINS

tics in these words : " He is a good financier, a safe
counsellor and a man of sand." He is familiar with all
the plodding hardships of life, which has proved a valu
able experience, not only to himself but to his constitu
ents. Beginning the shoe manufacturing business in a
modest way, he has seen it increase until the yearly
cash transactions of the concern have exceeded five
hundred thousand dollars. The firm of Robbins &
Kellogg is doubtless the largest industry of its kind in
Western Alassachu
setts, occupying two
f ive-st o ry brick
buildings, equipped
with the most i m-
proved machinery
for the manufacture
of shoes. The com
pany has an estab
lished reputation on
men's and boys' fine
and medium calf
goods. Afr. Rob
bins has been inti
mately identified
with Pittsfield's real
estate interests and
the development of
the shire town and
city. He is a direc
tor in the stanch
old Berkshire Mutual
Fire Insurance Com
pany and connected
with other influen
tial institutions. Mr.
Robbins wedded
Aliss Ann AI a r i a
Merrill, Sept. 26,
1837, and they have
had two sons and
two daughters, all of whom are dead except the oldest
daughter. Though somewhat advanced in years, Air.
Robbins retains a large share of his health and mental
vigor, and while he has resigned the conduct of some
of his business interests to younger men, that he may
the more enjoy a well-earned competency, he is as
active as ever. Whatever life has afforded him has
been found in Berkshire, and Pittsfield has no more;
loyal son or ardent admirer.

504

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

EDWARD STILLMAN FRANCIS was born in Pitts
field, Dec. 20, 1835, 0I one of the oldest and
most influential families in town, his parents being
James and Sarah C. Francis. He received his educa
tion in public and private schools of the place, one of
his boyhood associates being Marshall Field, now the
miUionnaire clothier of Chicago. At a very early age
young Francis became a clerk in the Pittsfield bank,
just after its establishment. He remained with this
bank three years,
constantly advancing
in position under
Junius D. Adams, a
most competent and
successful cashier.
Before attaining his
majority Mr. Francis
accepted the post of
cashier of the Shel
burne Falls Bank, at
Shelburne Falls,
Mass., where he re
mained until Decem
ber, 1863, when he
was recalled to the
Pittsfield National
Bank to become its
cashier, the place
being made vacant
by the resignation of
Mr. Adams. The
bank by this time
had assumed an ex
ceedingly important
position, its officers
being men of un
common ability, and
many of them vet
erans in the com
mercial and financial
life of Berkshire. Under Mr. Francis's twenty-nine
years' administration the bank has met with a continu
ance of the uninterrupted success that had marked its
earlier operations, the volume of business having steadily
increased, every dividend and demand being promptly
met, while never has the suspicion of a cloud rested
upon the institution. Its capital stock is five hundred
thousand dollars. Mr. Francis has devoted his entire
energies to the bank management, and enjoys the full

EDWARD S. FRANCIS

confidence of the community in which he moves. He
is a man of scrupulous integrity, of literary culture and
refined tastes. His experience and ability have called
him into many positions of public trust. He was one
of the incorporators of the Berkshire Athenaeum, hav
ing as colleagues in that beneficent enterprise such men
as Hon. Thomas Allen, Rev. Dr. John Todd, Senator
Henry L. Dawes and General W. F. Bartlett, and has
served the institution as treasurer many years, beside
acting as auditor and
a member of the
Library Committee.
Mr. Francis was ap
pointed chairman of
the Funding Com
mittee of the Town
Debt, and was for
years the sole trus
tee of a very large
property. Mr.
Francis is passion
ately fond of music,
and has become ac
complished in that
art. "While his talents
in this direction are
chiefly exercised in
securing relaxation
from h i s manifold
responsibilities, they
have not infrequently
been turned toward
the benefit of the
public. Mr. Francis's
handsome residence
on Jubilee Hill, so
called because of the
famous Berkshire
jubilee held upon it,
occupies one of the
finest locations in town, there being an unobstructed
view for many miles in all directions. Turning north
through Onota Street, there is a lovely drive, Greylock
Mountain being directly in front. Mr. Francis wedded
Aliss Eleanor Tucker. Of this union there are two
children living, Dr. E. N. Francis, now residing in
'Texas, and Aliss Nellie A. Francis, who makes her home
with her father. Both are fond of music, like their
father, Miss Francis being an accomplished pianist.

PITTSFIELD.

505

JOHN CHAPMAN WEST was born at Washington,
Mass., March 9, 181 1, the second child, in the
family of six sons and one daughter, of Abel West, Jr.,
and Mathilda Thompson West. His grandfather, Abel
West, came from Tolland, Ct., having borne his share
of trials in Revolutionary times. When Governor Trum
bull called his fellow-citizens together to drive invaders
from the colonies, the Wests were a sturdy race of
farmers, coming from England to Plymouth, and settling
in Duxbury in 1636,
although a few fol
lowed the sea. Abel
West, Jr., moved from
Washington to Pitts
field in 1 81 6, and
then his son John at
tended school, and
later a private acad
emy. On the West's
farm was a brick
yard, and John, soon
becoming an adept,
followed that trade
in summer, learning
shoemaking to fill up
the winter months.
In 1836 he opened a
shoe store in Pitts
field, in company
with I. and E. Peck.
Three years later he,
with Doria Tracy,
took the old Bissell
store, on the public
square, and began a
general business.
A few years later he
bought out his part
ner, also the build
ing and site, on which
he erected West's Block, in 1850. In 1844 his brother
Gilbert joined him, and they are still associated as John
C. West & Brother. In 1836 Mr. West wedded Clarissa
J. Root, who died six years later. They had one son,
Charles E. West, who is living in Pittsfield. Mr. West
was married in 1844 to Maria L. Goodrich. Their
living children are : John K., of Detroit ; Dr. Frank E.,
professor in the Long Island Medical College, Brooklyn,
and Frederick T., of Chicago. Mr. West was a man of

JOHN C. WEST

uncommon physical strength, and as captain of the
Berkshire Greys, a militia company, gained special
prominence on training days. He was the first foreman
of the earliest hand-engine company, — the Housatonic,
— and was afterwards chief engineer. Mr. West assisted
in the formation of the Pittsfield National Bank, and
was long a director, rarely being absent from the meet
ings of the board. He is a director in the Berkshire
County Savings Bank and the Mutual Fire Insurance
Company, serving as
president of the lat
ter nine years. As
director of the Pitts
field Cemetery Cor
poration, his advice
has been especially
helpful in developing
a most beautiful bur
ial ground, while the
First Congregational
Church has counted
him among its most
valued supporters.
For half a century he
sang in its choir. Mr.
West has always been
an enthusiastic Dem
ocrat, serving two
terms in the Legisla
ture. Many Pitts
field streets were laid
out and over a hun-
dred buildings
erected by John C.
West & Brother. Mr.
West was chosen
selectman in 1853
and again in 1856,
being thereafter re
elected nineteen suc
cessive times, always acting as chairman. He was active
in securing the removal of the county buildings to Pitts
field, and in obtaining desirable sites for them. During
the war he rendered great service in forwarding com
panies, and later in erecting a fitting monument to its
fallen heroes. Judge Barker paid a fitting tribute to
Mr. West in his address at the city inaugural, in 1891,
recognizing the many and valuable services he has
rendered to his fellow-citizens of Pittsfield.

506

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

ARTHUR H. HALL was born at Savoy, Mass., Nov.
9, 1 85 1, his parents being George and Jane C.
Hall. He received the advantages of a common-school
education in his native town, after which he entered the
store of the Lanesboro' Iron Company, at Lanesboro',
Alass., as clerk. Here he remained from Jan. 1, 1866,
to June 1, 1872, during which time he developed
ability as an accountant. Upon leaving his Lanesboro'
position, he became book-keeper for Rice, Robbins &
Co., of Pittsfield,
which place he re
tained only a few
months, resigning to
accept a similar post
with the firm of
Prince & Walker, of
the same town. Two
years later he moved
to Boston and be
came book-keeper
for A. H. Miller,
serving in that capac
ity considerably more
than a year, when, an
opportunity being
offered him to re
turn to Pittsfield, he
determined to ac
cept, as he was much
attached to the big
Berkshire town and
closely identified
with its interests.
Accordingly, he re
turned and became
accountant for the
concern of Robbins,
Gammell & Co., Oct.
1, 1877. This con
nection was contin
ued until March 1, 1888, when he was admitted to part
nership in the firm, which has long carried on an
extensive business in steam-heating apparatus, iron
piping, boilers, engines, pumps, sprinklers, etc., on
West Street. Mr. Hall still remains a member of this
house, which is one of the oldest and most successful
not only in its line, but of Pittsfield's varied concerns.
Mr. Hall is particularly well known through his active
efforts in behalf of the Republican party, the principles

ARTHUR H. HALL

of which he has ever loyally supported. He has been
a member of the Pittsfield Republican Committee con
tinuously since Jan. 1, 1881, having served as chairman
since 1883, still retaining the directorship. Although
the exacting cares of business make heavy demands upon
his time, he has given the interests of his party careful
supervision, and it is more to his energy than to that of
any other one member of the committee that the excel
lent Republican showing of recent campaigns has been
due. Fitting recog
nition of Mr. HaU's
work was made a
year ago, when he
was elected a mem
ber of the Republican
S t a t e C o m m i 1 1 e e ,
representing the
Berkshire district.
His principal service
has been as a mem
ber of the Finance
Committee, where
the value of his work
has been as much
appreciated as on
•the city board, and
that is saying much,
for Pittsfield is noth
ing if not political,
and many are the
war-horses of both
parties who have
done valiant service.
Air. Hall was married
to Aliss Ellen AI.
Stewart, of Pittsfield,
June 29, 1873, and
they have two
daughters, one aged
eighteen, and the
other eleven. Mr. Hall is a good specimen of the
modern business man, prompt and exact in dealings,
who applies business methods to everything he under
takes. 'Phis is the secret of his success. While deeply
engaged in commercial pursuits Air. Hall has yet found
time to mingle somewhat in less material matters which
deeply underlie the prosperity of any community, and is
counted among the most progressive of Pittsfield's
citizens.

PITTSFIELD.

507

THE Commonwealth of Massachusetts takes good
care of its disabled firemen, the State Legislature
voting annually the sum of ten thousand dollars for
their relief. This fund was secured largely through the
efforts of George S. Willis, of Pittsfield, who for years
has interested himself actively in behalf of the firemen,
at the same time attending to the duties that devolve
upon him as secretary and treasurer of the Cornelius
Callahan Company of Boston, the largest firm in the
country dealing in
fire department sup
plies. Air. Willis
was born, July 27,
1847, at Pittsfield,
Mass., the son of
Colonel George S.
Willis. His mother's
maiden name was
Louisa Packard.
Air. WiUis is the
grandson of General
Nathan Willis, who
attained prominence
in the War of 1812,
and who was one of
the first settlers of
Pittsfield. He was
one of the leading
men of the t o w n,
organizing its first
bank and being the
first president of the
Berkshire Mutual
Fire Insurance Com
pany. He was also
active in the politi
cal life of his day,
representing Pitts
field for many years
in the State Legisla
ture. He was the Democratic candidate for lieutenant-
governor year after year for a long period, and would
have been elected if he had accepted the nomination
the last time it was offered to him. His son, Colonel
Willis, was at one time high sheriff of Berkshire County,
and at one time or another filled nearly all the county
offices within the gift of his fellow-citizens. George S.
Willis was educated in the public schools of Pittsfield
and at St. Paul's School, Concord, N. H. In his six-

GEORGE S. WILLIS

teenth year he left St. Paul's to enlist in the Eighth
Massachusetts Regiment. At the close of the war he
returned to Pittsfield, and for ten years was engaged in
the manufacture of tacks and nails. In 1879 he was
appointed chief engineer of the Pittsfield Fire Depart
ment, and served in that capacity until 1886. In 1885 he
established the Cornelius Callahan Company of Boston,
and was chosen its secretary and treasurer, a position
which he has held ever since. The company manufac
tures patent special
ties in great variety,
including rubber-
lined cotton hose,
relief valves, shut-
off and spray noz
zles, flexible play
pipes, hydrant gates,
hose couplings,
gongs, strikers and
door openings. Pre
vious to January,
1893, Mr. Willis had
been a member of
the Democratic State
Central Committee
for thirteen consec
utive years, having
been a member at
large for the last
seven or eight years,
and taking upon his
shoulders the burden
of much active po
litical work in every
campaign. Upon
his resignation he
was the oldest mem
ber of the committee
in point of service.
Mr. Willis helped to
organize the Massachusetts State Firemen's Association,
and was its first president. He has been a member of its
legislative committee ever since its organization, and in
this capacity has been enabled to accomplish much for
the benefit of the firemen of the State. He is a mem
ber of Post 196, Grand Army of the Republic. Mr.
Willis is unmarried, and lives at home with his mother
in Pittsfield, though his principal business interests are in
Boston.

BROCKTON was formerly known as the North Parish of Bridgewater, and as such was first settled, and the
first houses were built a few years before the year 1700. The Howards and the Keiths are believed to have
been the earliest settlers, but before 1725 there were probably fifty owners of land in the parish. It was all very
primitive in those days. Many houses were built of logs, squared, and vvith the cracks between filled with moss
and clay. But within a few years there was a noticeable improvement. Saw-mills and brick-kilns gave opportunity
for decent houses to replace the log hiits of the early settlers, and occasional improvements were noted in the
manner of living generally.
From that time on, the life of a citizen of the North Parish of Bridgewater was no different from the life of
the other dwellers in small places elsewhere. He had the same difficulties to contend with that were common in
those days, and he surmounted them vvith the courage and persistence which were every-day virtues in those
times. The citizens made their first important move on Alay 31, 1738, when fifty-five householders put in a peti
tion to the General Court, and asked that the parish be set off as the North Parish of Bridgewater. The population
at that time was, perhaps, 300. After the General Court had granted the petitioners' prayer, things moved on
quietly vvith the North Parish. The population increased but slowly, and in 1764 there were but 120 houses in
the place, and a population of 833. In 1810 there were 1,354 dwellers in the place; in 1820, only 1,480. In
182 1 the parish became the town of North Bridgewater. Up to 1850, twenty-nine years after the parish became
a town, the population had only reached 3,939.
From 1830 to 1840 the town first began to take on a measure of business prosperity. The manufacture of
boots and a few shoes was begun, and it is told how Aficah Faxon first took the manufactured product over the
road to Boston on horseback. A few small manufactories had started in the western part of the town, and
more down town. Population and factories began to increase, however. In i860 there were 6,584 people in
town; in 1870, a little over 8,000; in 1880 it had 13,608, and in 1890 it showed 27,272, an increase of over one
hundred per cent, and the most marvellous of any city in Alassachusetts. It has long since shaken off the name
and the fetters that bound it to Bridgewater, and has prospered since 1874 as the town and city of Brockton. It
adopted the city form of government in 1881.
Brockton has grown on leather. It is now the greatest producer of men's fine and medium grades of shoes
of any city in the world. Women's shoes are not made at all, and men's cheap shoes are made to but a limited
extent. Shoes were made here in 1811, but they were few. In 1837 the yearly output was but 100,000 pairs ; in
1855 it was 762,000 pairs. Then the production grew rapidly. In 1889 it had reached a yearly valuation of
$18,000,000. In 1892 the shipment of shoes from this city was 428,241 cases, a gain of 166,584 cases over the
shipments of ten years ago. 'Phe average number of pairs of shoes to a case is figured at twenty-one pairs, so it
is seen that Brockton in 1892 sent out about 9,000,000 pairs of men's shoes, a marvellous total, indeed. There
are over 70 shoe manufactories in the city, employing over 8,000 hands.
The present population, at a conservative estimate, is 30,000, though the State Board of Health places it
at 32,000. The valuation is $19,000,000. There are 4,593 dwellings in the city, of which 232 were erected
within the year 1892. 'Phe new buildings include a ^250,000 City Hall that is well under wav, a new brick police
station, and several handsome residences that would ornament any city. New blocks and new residences are in
contemplation, and improvements are the order of the day everywhere. 'Phe greatest that is now in view is a
system of sewerage for the city.
'The city is well built and business-like in appearance, with a large number of brick business blocks, gas
and electric lights, a fine system of electric street car lines running through the city out into the suburbs, a school
system which this year will cost over $88,000, a good water system, and a good fire department and efficient
police force. There is not a liquor saloon in the city, and there has not been for over five years.

BROCKTON.

509

ZIBA C. KEITH, the mayor of the city of Brockton,
was born there in 1842, when it was the town
of North Bridgewater. He obtained his education in
the schools there and at the Pierce Academy at Middle-
boro', and after graduating became book-keeper and
salesman for a business firm. In 1864 Mr. Keith
opened a store at Campello, in company with Embert
Howard. It was a general store, in which everything
was kept, from groceries to silks. The store was kept
up by Mr. Keith un
der various firm
styles until 1883,
when he sold out the
business. Air. Keith
can assuredly justly
claim that he is a
"favorite son" of
Brockton. In 1875
he was sent to repre
sent the city in the
Legislature, where
h e remained two
years. In 1S79 he
was chosen as a
member of the
Board of Selectmen.
In 1881 he was a
member of the Com
mittee on Drafting
the City Charter.
When the town be
came a city he was
chosen as its first
mayor. He was
chosen again, after a
year of retirement,
in 1884 and 1885.
Again in 1891 and
1892 the Republi
cans called upon him
to lead them, and he was triumphantly elected. He
is at present serving his sixth term as mayor of the city.
Even when he was not acting as mayor of the city he
was serving it in other capacities. He represented the
district in the State Senate in 1887 and 1888 ; and was
the city's tax collector in 1887, 1888 and 1889. He
was an incorporator of the Campello Co-operative Rank,
the Brockton Savings Bank and the Brockton National
Bank, and has held office in each corporation. He is

ZIBA C. KEITH.

president of the Plymouth County Safe Deposit and
Trust Company, and was chosen at the election in the
fall of 1892 a member of the governor's council.
There is no more genial and approachable man in the
city of Brockton to-day than Alayor Keith. While his
politics are, of course, not popular with one section of
the community, his personal enemies are very few and
of no importance. He has been a figure of public
importance practically for seventeen years. He has
been an able legisla
tor. His repeated
elections to the office
of mayor of the city
show that he is re
garded as an able
and thoroughly in
corruptible occupant
of the mayor's chair.
Wherever he has
been placed, he has
served to the satis
faction of the great
mass of citizens, and
therefore with honor
to himself. Mayor
Keith is a very good
musician and a gen
tleman of good taste
and a nice apprecia
tion of life, as is
evinced in his
speeches upon all
sorts of topics and
on all sorts of occa
sions. They are al
ways well written and
befitting the time and
place. No small
share of the city's
prosperity is due to
the able and most energetic part which Alayor Keith
has always taken in municipal affairs. He is, in fact, as
thoroughly identified with Brockton as any other man.
The citizens of Brockton deem themselves exceptionally
fortunate in possessing in Mr. Keith a mayor who adds
to a wide knowledge of men and affairs a pleasing and
courteous personality which has endeared him to his
fellow-townsmen. His acquaintance with public affairs
is supplemented with a ripe culture.

Sio

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

JOHN J. WHIPPLE is among the best-known and
most influential and successful men in Massachu
setts. In business, political and society circles he is a
power, and numbers his personal friends by the legion.
He is president of the Wildey Savings Bank of Boston.
He was born in Worcester, Mass., Dec. 31, 1847. After
attending the public schools of Hopkinton and Milford,
he went to Marlboro' and learned the drug business, and
in 1886 started in business for himself in North Bridge-
water (which has
since become the city
of Brockton), and for
a quarter of a cen
tury he conducted a
successful business as
a druggist. In 1876
he was elected to the
School Committee,
serving on that board
for nine years, and,
while still a school
committeeman, was
elected on the Board
of Selectmen and to
a number of impor
tant town offices.
After the town be
came incorporated as
a city, Colonel Whip
ple was elected to
the Board of Alder
men. In 1885 he
was sent as a repre
sentative to the State
Legislature, and dur
ing the years 1886-
87 was mayor of the
city. He was secre
tary of the Republi
can State Central
Committee in 1884-85, doing efficient work during the
memorable Blaine campaign, while Flenry Cabot Lodge
was chairman of the committee. Governor Robinson
appointed Mr. Whipple his personal aid on his staff,
with the rank of colonel, and he served as such in
1883, 1884, 1885. Governor Ames appointed him a
member of the Massachusetts Board of Pharmacy for
a term of three years, and at the expiration of that term
he was tendered a re-appointment by Governor Russell,

JOHN J. WHIPPLE

which was declined. Colonel Whipple was the princi
pal mover in establishing the first savings bank in
Brockton, and was made the first president of the
institution. Through his influence the present commo
dious bank building was erected. He was president for
ten years, and in 1892 resigned the position to accept
the presidency of the Wildey Savings Bank. He built
up the Brockton Savings Bank to one of the most suc
cessful in the State, and when he left it there were
deposits in it amount
ing to over $1,500-
000. He is one of
the proprietors of the
Brockton City Thea
tre, one of the hand
somest outside of
Boston. He was one
of a company of four
that introduced elec
tric lights in the city.
He was chairman of
the Board of Wage
Arbitration, the first
board of its kind in
the State. He is
president of the New
England Club, one
of the largest clubs
in Boston. In secret
societies Colonel
Whipple has a na
tional reputation. In
Odd Fellowship he is
past grand patriarch
and a representative
to the sovereign
grand lodge. He
was a member of the
Board of Trustees
that built the new
Odd Fellows' Home at Worcester. In Masonry he is
a Knight Templar. He was one of the founders of the
New England Order of Protection, and is now serving
his third term as supreme warden. In 1892 he was
grand prelate in the grand lodge of the Knights of
Pythias, and has just been elected grand vice-chancellor.
He is president of the Odd Fellows' Accident Company
and is interested in many benevolent and financial enter
prises in the State.

BROCKTON.

SH

WRr*

THE Keiths of Campello, the southern section of the
city of Brockton, have ever been important
factors in the business and social life of the town of
North Bridgewater and the city of Brockton, which fol
lowed it. One of the best-known and most successful
has been George Eldon Keith, who is probably to-day
the largest manufacturer of shoes in the city of Brock
ton, and that is saying a good deal. George Eldon Keith
is the son of Franklin and Betsy Keith, and was born
Feb. 8, 1850. He ob
tained a good edu
cation, and was a
member of the first
class that graduated
from the Brockton
High School. In
many of the hours
when school was not
in session, he worked
at the bench, and
after graduating con
tinued at the work
as a practical shoe
maker till July 7,
1874, when he began
the manufacture of
shoes in company
w i t h W i 1 1 i a m S.
Green. In 1880 he V
sold out his interest
to Air. Green, and
built a large factory
on Perkins Avenue
for his own occu
pancy. Success was
his from the start,
and a phenomenal
success at that. It
was not long before
he had the biggest
factory in Brockton, did the biggest business, and em
ployed the largest number of hands, making a good and
stylish line of footwear. This supremacy it is believed
that Mr. Keith still retains. A glance at Air. Keith's
business offers some idea of its magnitude. At present
between six hundred and seven hundred hands are em
ployed, and the shipments aggregate three quarters of a
million pairs of shoes a year. Within a comparatively
short time Mr. Keith has adopted the idea of catering

Hi

GEORGE E. KEITH

to the retail trade exclusively, his products being favor
ably known to dealers from the Atlantic to the Pacific,
and from Maine to Texas. In addition to the respon
sibilities of his business, he finds time to do his share
as a director of the Third National Bank of Boston, one
of the largest banking institutions of that city, and as
director of the Brockton National and Brockton Savings
banks. He is also treasurer of the Howland Falls Pulp
Company, of Howland, Me., this being one of the largest
institutions of the
kind in the country.
The mill alone cost
$300,000. Mr. Keith
is widely popular.
He made the inter
ests of the people
who worked for him
his interests. He is
active in religious
matters, and has ad
vanced in every way
the interests of the
South Congrega
tional Church, of
which he is a mem
ber. He was the
first president of the
Y. M. C. A. in Brock
ton, and labored ar
dently to promote
its cause in every
possible way, so that
its success is largely
attributable to his
efforts. He has gen
erally kept out of
politics. The Re
publicans wished to
make him their
standard-bearer i n
the mayoralty contest two years ago, but he declined to
allow the use of his name. He was the alderman from
Ward Four the first year that Brockton was a city, and
that is the extent of his political service. Personally,
Mr. Keith is of bright and pleasant temperament, a
good fellow socially, and without the angles and rough
edges of many self-made men. In connection with his
factory he has established a good restaurant, the profits
of which are shared by the employees.

512

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

IT is a question with many people, whether Mr. Harvey
F. Crawford has made the " Crawford shoe " what it
is to-day, or whether the " Crawford shoe " has made
Mr. Crawford. A brief review of his business life, as
herewith given, will settle this doubt beyond question,
proving conclusively, as it does, that Mr. Crawford has
not only made the " Crawford shoe," but himself also.
Like so many other successful men_of affairs in this
Commonwealth, Mr. Crawford is a native of the State of
Maine. His first
venture in the shoe
industry was made
in 1879, when with
Mr. Holman Gould
as a partner he be
gan manufacturing in
the Horace Keith
Building in Brockton.
That was about thir
teen years ago, and
on the smallest foun
dation he has built
up since then one of
the great industries
of this State. The
total capital of the
firm at the start was
fifty dollars. At the
expiration of four
months Mr. Craw
ford bought his part
ner's interest, entire,
for twenty-four dol
lars. This original
bill of sale Mr. Craw
ford still keeps among
his treasures. His
next venture was
with Mr. E. J.
Fletcher, and after
a few months, during which time the firm met with
indifferent success, he again purchased his partner's
share. Still later we find him in company with Mr.
Charles A. Eaton, who was later of Eaton & Terry and
is now in business alone. This firm was located on
Montello Street, Brockton, and was burned out. Busi
ness was then recommenced in the Shaw Building.
After two years' affiliation with Mr. Eaton, the latter
disposed of his interest to Mr. Crawford, who continued

HARVEY F. CRAWFORD

the business alone until the failure of F. Shaw & Broth
ers of Boston. This swept Mr. Crawford, with others,
into insolvency. Nothing daunted by reverses, he again
began at the bottom of the ladder. It was about this
time that he invented the French welt, which gave the
cheaper grade of shoes a smooth inner sole, a result which
up to that time had never been obtained. This immedi
ately proved a success and brought Mr. Crawford a hand
some return. In 1887 the present partnership with Mr.
George F. Bouve, at
that time a promi
nent leather dealer
in Boston, was
effected. Recog
nizing the inequality
of the struggle be
tween the smaller
manufacturers of
shoes and the large
concerns, and
shrewdly surmising
that a manufacturer
should get as near to
the consumer as pos
sible, thus saving One
profit, at least, Mr.
Crawford conceived
the idea of establish
ing retail stores in
the principal cities
throughout the coun
try. Many of his
friends tried to dis
suade him from what
they deemed certain
failure, but with con
fidence in his scheme
he proceeded to put
it to the test. Its
success was instanta
neous, and it has been widely copied by other manufac
turers. At the present time two large factories are
required to produce the shoes sold by Crawford, Bouve'
& Co., and the firm's success is known throughout the
land. Personally, Mr. Crawford is pleasant to meet and
respected by all with whom he comes in contact. He
will soon occupy a beautiful new home in Brockton,
which stands as a monument to his perseverance and
pluck.

BROCKTON.

5U3

WHEN you speak of the most valuable men in
a community, the "self-made " men who have
attained success may, with propriety, be placed in the
front rank. No better example of the self-made man
can be found in Brockton to-day than is visible in the
person of the Honorable William L. Douglas. The
name of Douglas is a household word throughout the
United States, and his picture, representing a keen busi
ness-like citizen, still young, with far-seeing eyes and a
general look of vigor
and enterprise, is to
be found in nearly
every important
newspaper in the
land. For he is the
man who makes the
great "S3 shoe."
Mr. Douglas was
born in Plymouth,
Aug. 22, 1845. His
father died while
William was a child,
and at the age of
seven he was bound
out to his uncle to
learn the shoemak
er's trade. He was
an apprentice till he
was sixteen years old
and at that age could
turn out a complete
pair of brogans un
aided. In 1870 he
went to Brockton to
act as superintend
ent of Porter &
Southworth's factory,
and in 1876, on S875
capital, he began to
manufacture i 11 a
single room. In a year or two he was in a well-equipped
factory on Spring Street, and in 1882 he put up a fac
tory four stories high, two hundred and twenty-eight
feet long and with a capacity of one thousand four hun
dred and forty pairs of shoes daily. In 1888 and 1889
additions were made to the factory. Puven then the con
stantly growing business was too great for the big shop,
although seventy cases, the full capacity of the shop,
were turned out daily during 1892. In the autumn of

WILLIAM L. DOUGLAS

1892, the W. L. Douglas Shoe Company, which had
been incorporated in March of that year, moved into a
new and fine factory which had been erected at Mon-
tello in the northern part of the city. The building is
three hundred feet long, forty feet wide, four stories
high, and with a capacity of three thousand six hun
dred pairs daily. The amount of the sales this year will
aggregate Si, 5 00,000, and the advertising contract
calls for the expenditures by the company of $150,000
in the same time.
There are twenty-
four salesmen out
canvassing for orders
all over the Union.
The $3 shoe idea
was the scheme that
gave Mr. Douglas
his greatest success.
In a few years he
built up a trade on
that shoe that taxed
his factory's capa
city. He gave up
the jobbing trade,
sent out his own
drummers, spent
$100,000 in a single
year for advertising,
. and sold his shoes
and is still selling
them everywhere.
Mr. Douglas was a
member o f Brock
ton's Common Coun
cil in 1882 and 1883 ;
was a representative
to the General Court
in 1883 and 1884;
sat in the State Sen
ate in 1886, being
the first Democrat elected from his district in a long term
of years ; and was mayor of Brockton in 1890. He is a
prominent member of the Universalist church. While
acting as mayor Afr. Douglas started a movement for
the adoption of a system of sewerage for Brockton, but
was unable to push the matter to success, owing to the
unpopularity of a sewerage commission, but it has now-
been adopted and is being carried on practically accord
ing to his plans.

5i4

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

PRESTON BOND KEITH is one of the leading
citizens of that portion of Brockton known as
Campello. Campello has produced so many successful
business men that she has grown tired of boasting about
it. One of the ablest is the gentleman who is the sub
ject of this sketch. The extraordinary success of his
business career is due more to his own ability and
industry than to any fortunate external circumstances.
Mr. Keith is a direct descendant of the Keiths who
figure so prominently
in the history of the
city of Brockton, and
particularly of its
southern section.
He is the son of
Charles P. and Mary
K. Keith, and was
born in Campello,
Oct. 18, 1847. His
early education was
obtained in the
schools of Brockton.
When he reached
the age of eighteen
years he started out
in the business world
and went to Boston,
where he entered
the office of Martin
L. Keith's shoe fac
tory. He remained
in this office five
years, and there ob
tained a good knowl
edge of the business,
in which he was
eventually to be a
decided success, and
which was to make
his fortune. In 187 1
Mr. Keith decided that the time had arrived for him to
start in for himself. He accordingly began business on
his own account at Campello. The business increased
so rapidly in volume that in July, 1878, Air. Keith
erected what was then the largest shoe factory in the
place. His ambition was not satisfied even then. The
business continued to grow, and at the present time the
factory in size and capacity is nearly double what it was
in 1878. This remarkable growth is paralleled by that

PRESTON B. KEITH

of but few industries in the Commonwealth, and attests
the capacity with which Mr. Keith has managed his
business affairs. The shoes made by P. B. Keith are
sold throughout the land. The sale is steady, and a
chance to work at the factory is well regarded by the
shoe operatives, for the reason that the factory has few
idle weeks in the year. On account of the pleasant
nature of his relations with his employees, Mr. Keith is
one of the most popular manufacturers in Brockton.
Labor troubles at his
shop have been of
rare occurrence.
Mr. Keith has been
for years a promi
nent figure in the
social, religious and
business life of the
place. He is a lead
ing member of the
South Congrega
tional Church, and
is also superintend
ent of the Sunday-
school connected
vvith that church.
Since its organization
Afr. Keith has been
prominently identi
fied with the Home
National Bank. In
every movement
that has for its object
the promotion of the
material interests of
Brockton, Air. Keith
is always one of the
leaders. Air. Keith
is not a politician ;
he is too busy for
that. In 1883 and
1884, however, he reluctantly consented to represent
Ward Three on the Brockton Board of Aldermen, where
his business abilities made him a valued member.
Since then public office has frequently been urged upon
him, but the demands of his large and increasing busi
ness have always prevented his acceptance. Like other
manufacturers who are alive to the importance of their
business, Mr. Keith has utilized every device which has
tended to place his industry on"a higherjolane.

NEWTON has well been termed the "Garden City," as it is located in one of the most delightful sections of
the Commonwealth, and is the home of some of the wealthiest men in the State. The natural beauty of
the place is enhanced by large streets and avenues, well laid out, and lined on each side by some of the hand
somest residences, taken collectively, that there are in the United States. The original territory of Newton has
been curtailed by ceding certain portions to Brookline, Waltham and Watertown, and yet the following names are
applied to different sections of the city : Newtonville, West Newton, Auburndale, Riverside, Chestnut Hill, New
ton Centre, Highlands, Waban, Eliot, Woodland and Nonantum. Originally, Newton was a part of Cambridge,
but was released from ecclesiastical dependence on Cambridge and obligation to share in the expenses of religious
worship in 1661 ; became a precinct in 1673 ; received the name of Newton in December, 1691 ; was incorporated
as a town on Jan. n, 1687-88, old style, or Jan. n, 1688, according to the present style of reckoning; and became
a city with the beginning of the year 1874.
Although better known as the bed-room of Boston business, yet there are many small manufactories in the
city. In Newton Lower Falls, paper making has been the chief industry for the last half century. The first Four
drinier press in use in the United States was placed here. Such well-known men as the Curtises, Crehores and
Rices, prominently identified with the paper business in the New England States, have been interested in the paper
mills in this section of the city. The Crehore. mill is still in operation. An attempt was made here more than a
century ago to establish a silk manufactory, but it was a failure, although at the present time there is a factory that
spins silk yarns, embroidery silk, etc., for which the raw material is imported. The woollen mills give employment
to three hundred and fifty laborers, and produce six hundred thousand dollars' worth of manufactured material
annually. There is also a cordage factory in the place, and there are five houses employed in the manufacture of
furniture, and thirty in the manufacture of clothing.
In educational matters Newton always has been and is to-day in the front ranks. In the early days the
State Normal School, now at Framingham, was located here, and there has always been a great number of private
schools in the place, so much so that at one time, in the early history of the city, they threatened to materiaUy
interfere with the success of the public schools, but this possibility happily came to naught. At the present time
there are one high school in the place, forty-eight grammar schools, thirty-eight primary schools, one mixed school,
making a total of eighty schools, with twenty-two school buildings, having a value with their furnishings of
$581,600. The two most noted of the private institutions are the Newton Theological Institute and Lasell Semi
nary. The former was established in 1825, under the patronage of the Baptist denomination, and is located in
Newton Centre. At the close of half a century the whole number of students that had availed themselves of the
benefits to be derived at the institution were six hundred and ninety-nine. Of these fifty-five have been presidents
or professors of colleges, and fifty-four had served as missionaries. Since then the institution has maintained its
high reputation and has graduated many noted men. Lasell Seminary was established in 185 1 by Edward Lasell,
who sold it on account of failing health, to a party of ten Boston men, who placed Charles C. Bragdon in charge of it.
Since then, on account of the practical features that have been introduced, this seminary has become noted all
over the United States and also in Europe. Other private institutions of learning include the West Newton
English and Classical School, Miss Spear's English and Classical School, Riverside Home and Day School, and
Mr. E. H. Cutler's Preparatory School for Boys and Girls. There are thirty-seven churches in the city. The
people in the city have always been noted for their charitable acts, and the charitable institutions are the Home
for Orphan and Destitute Girls, Pine Farm School for Boys, the Home for Children of Alissionaries, the Wesleyan
Home for the Orphan Children of Missionaries, the Missionary Home and the Newton Cottage Hospital.
Club and social life flourishes in a surprising manner, the two most important social organizations being the
Newton Club, which has just dedicated a new club-house, and the Newton Boat Club, which has a splendid house
on the banks of the Charles, at Riverside.

5i6

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

JOHN A. FENNO, mayor of Newton, was born
in the town of Revere in 1849, and is a good
representative of the active yet conservative and suc
cessful young business man of the period who has made
his way to the front by his own unaided efforts. He
went to the public schools of Revere and finished his
education in the Chelsea High School. After graduating
from the high school, he went to work with a mercantile
firm and left that position in 1875 when the Boston,
Revere Beach &
Lynn Railroad was
organized, in order to
take a clerkship with
the new corporation.
He continued to act ,
as clerk in the treas
urer's office until
1878, when he was
offered the position
of general ticket
agent, which he ac
cepted. In 1880 he
was elected to the
office of treasurer of
the corporation, and
he now holds both
the office of general
ticket agent and
treasurer. He is also
a director in several
other business con
cerns. In 1874 he
married Nina Al.
Hunt, the daughter
of Dr. O. E. Hunt,
a well-known practi
tioner in the city of
Newton, and took up
his residence in that
city, living in the
section known as Newtonville. His married life has
been singularly happy, and he has moved in the best
social circles of that wealthy city. This union has been
blessed with two children, both of whom are girls. In
politics Mr. Fenno is a Republican, and he has taken a
great interest in the conduct of local affairs. His
thorough knowledge of business methods has stood him
in good stead in this connection and has worked to the
advantage ofthe city in many material respects. He

JOHN A. FENNO.

held office in the Common Council in 1888 and 1889,
and in the Board of Aldermen in 1890 and 1891. He
retired from office in the following year and was induced
to accept the position of trustee in the Newton Cottage
Hospital. While in the Council and Board of Alder
men he held many important places on the various
committees. While chairman of the Committee on
Highways, in the Board of Aldermen, he, in connection
with Mayor Hibbard, established the system of dividing
the streets into sec-
tions and holding the
foreman of each sec
tion responsible for
the condition of that
section. This
method is still con
tinued and has
greatly assisted in
keeping the roads up
to the high standard
for which Newton is
noted. He was a
member of the Sewer
Committee, and in
1892 when the ques
tion of assessments
for the payment of
the Metropolitan
Sewerage System
came up, there then
occurred an issue
that interested all of
the property owners
of the city. It was
on this issue that he
ran for mayor and
was elected by the
largest majority ever
given a candidate in
the city who had a
contestant. He is thoroughly earnest and devoted in
everything he takes up, and has won the confidence of
the citizens. He is a member of the Newton Club, and
resigned the position of secretary when he was elected
mayor. Although not much of a club man, preferring
the enjoyment of his own home to the pleasures of the
club life, he rendered much valuable assistance to the
organization, while secretary, and during his occupancy
of this office the handsome club-house was erected.

NEWTON.

517

ALDEN SPEARE, one of the most honored of
Boston merchants, who makes his home in New
ton, was born in Chelsea, Orange County, Vt.. Oct. 26,
1825. He was educated in the public schools of his
native place, and entered the Newbury Seminary in
Vermont with the intention of becoming a physician.
His father dying, he went to Boston and entered a dry
goods store as clerk, his salary consisting of his board
and a suit of clothes. He afterwards entered a whole
sale store, and in
1 85 1 organized the
firm of Speare, Burke
& Co., to carry on
the oil and starch
business. In 1853
the office was re
in oved to No. 3
Central Wharf, where
the business is car
ried on under the
name of Alden
Speare's Sons & Co.,
Mr. Speare being a
special partner. He
was married, March
1, 1849, to Caroline
M. Robinson, at
South Reading, Vt.
They had seven
children, three of
whom are now liv
ing. In i860 Mr.
Speare was a resi
dent of Boston, and
was elected a mem
ber of the School
Committee. He
served in this capa
city until 1868, when
he removed to New
ton and resigned his position on the Boston School
Board. The following fall he was, elected to the New
ton School Board, and served, on that board until 1875,
when he was elected the second mayor of the city. He
was three times nominated, twice declining, and was
elected without an opposing vote, there being no other
candidate. He was re-elected for a second term. In
politics he is a Republican. Mr. Speare has been
identified with the Methodist Episcopal church, and

¦$L.

ALDEN SPEARE.

while living in Boston was for several years a director,
and in 1857 was president, of the Young Men's Chris
tian Association. He has been for years an active
member of the Board of Managers of the Foreign and
Home Missionary Society of the M. E. Church. For
many years he has been a member, and in 1875, 1882,
1886, 1887 and 1888 he was president of the Boston
Wesleyan Association. Since 1872 he has been a mem
ber of the Board of Trustees of Boston University, and
has been vice-presi
dent. Mr. Speare
has been a mem
ber of the Boston
Chamber of Co m -
merce since its or
ganization, and for
four years, up to
1 89 1, was the presi
dent of the chamber.
It was largely through
his efforts that the
present building
for that body was
erected, he securing
the donation of the
land from President
Whitney, of the West
End Street Railroad.
He took an active
interest in the erec
tion of the building,
and laid the corner
stone. Mr. Speare
was one of the in
corporators of the
Boston Penny Sav
ings Bank, was one
of the trustees and
one of the vice-
presidents. For
nearly twenty years he was one of the directors of the
Everett National Bank. He is a director of the
Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad, of the St.
Louis & San Francisco, the Atlantic & Pacific, the
Mexican Central and the Connecticut & Passumpsic ; is
largely interested in several New England manufactur
ing corporations, and is president of the Arkansas Valley
Town and Land Company. He is a member of the
Boston Art Club, and various other organizations.

5i8

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

I

AUSTIN R. MITCHELL is one of the greatest
benefactors of Newton. He is at the head of
several of the city's important institutions, and his pub-
lic-spiritedness and great business abilities have materi
ally helped Newton to its prosperous position of to-day.
He served in the Newton city government four years.
He is one of the largest real estate holders in the city,
and one of the largest taxpayers. He is president of
the West Newton Savings Bank, and is the head of the
large tobacco firm of
A. R. Mitchell & Co.,
of Boston. He was
born, May 31, 1828,
in the little town of
Cummington, Mass.,
the same town which
gave birth to William
Cullen Bryant, the
poet, and Henry
Laurens Dawes, the
statesman. Until the
age of eighteen he
attended the schools
of the town, and was
then employed as
clerk in a store, where
he remained until at
taining his majority.
He was diligent in
business and careful
and saving in his
habits, and in 1849,
when an excellent
opportunity to start
in the tobacco and
cigar business pre
sented itself, he
was enabled to em
brace it. In 1855 he
disposed of the busi
ness and, with an old hotel man, bought the Bay State
Hotel, in New York. For three years this business was
conducted, and he withdrew from the partnership to
enter the employ of P. Lorillard & Co., tobacconists,
the largest and oldest house in the United States. He
travelled for this firm until 1865, when he was appointed
New England agent for the concern for fifteen years,
and during that period built up an enormous business.
Subsequently he became the New England agent of

AUSTIN R. MITCHELL.

another New York house, and this business is still held
by him. The firm of A. R. Mitchell & Co. has also the
agency for the Leggett & Myers Tobacco Company, of
St. Louis, Missouri, the largest tobacco manufacturers
in the world. In 1870 Mr. Mitchell moved to Newton-'
ville, at that time a rural village, but to-day the geo
graphical centre of the Garden City, and for more than
a score of years he has been closely identified with the
remarkable prosperity of his adopted city. His resi
dence is among the
finest in the city. He
was prominent in es
tablishing the West
Newton First Na
tional Bank in 1888,
and was elected vice-
president and a di
rector. A year later,
when the West New
ton Savings Bank was
organized, he was
made its president.
He is a director of
the Newton Associ
ates, and of the New
ton & Boston Elec
tric Street Railway,
also being the largest
stockholder in the
latter corporation.
For the past ten years
he has been a di
rector in the Middle
sex Banking Com
pany, of Middletown,
Ct., which is the
most successful farm
mortgage loan com
pany in New Eng
land, having total
assets of $7,622,908. He is a director in the New Eng
land Street Railway Company. When the Newton Club-
House was built, in 1892, Mr. Mitchell donated $5,500
to the club, and became a liberal subscriber to the club
bonds. The Newton Club-House is now the finest in
the State outside of Boston. In the development of the
material interests of Newton Mr. Mitchell has been one
of the most prominent factors during the past twenty
years.

WOBURN, one of the chief seats of the leather industry in the country, is, as well, one of the most interesting
places in Massachusetts from an historic standpoint, its incorporation as a town dating back to 1642, or
only twelve years after the settlement of Boston. It had been settled two years before, being known as " Charles
town Village," the deed of grant to Charlestown being made by the General Court in 1640. It received its name
of Woburn from the fact that the English town of this same name was the birthplace of Robert Sedgwick, the
chairman of the committee of thirteen chosen by Charlestown to define the bounds between the two places, and to
select the town site. The establishment of the church in the village, in 1642, was quickly succeeded by the town's
incorporation, the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of which incorporation was appropriately celebrated by the
people of Woburn only. a few months ago.
The early settlers had the same difficulties to overcome as were characteristic of the reclaiming to civilization
of the primeval wilderness of that early time ; but the stoutness of heart and indomitable purpose that triumphed
elsewhere under similar circumstances overcame all obstacles, and laid the foundations of the town that five years
ago blossomed into the fulness of municipal dignity.
The early history of Woburn is not associated with the tragic recital of Indian atrocities, its proximity to
Boston giving it a security not enjoyed by more remote places ; but it contributed loyally its quota of stout hearts
to the Indian wars prevailing during its first fifty years, to the French and Indian War about the middle of the last
century, and to the Revolution. A company of Woburn Minute Men participated in the nation's first "baptism of
blood" at Lexington and Concord, and two of their number — Asahel Porter and David Thompson — are among
the martyrs of that historic day. In the eventful times that followed, from Bunker Hill to Yorktown, the sons of
Woburn played a loyal part ; and neither were they found wanting in the second war with England, nor in that
with Mexico, while in the Rebellion she contributed 775 men, eighty-two of whom were killed.
The business of tanning in Woburn dates back to the very beginning of the town's history, for the names of
John and Francis Wyman, tanners, appear among the original signers of the town's orders. Thus this industry was
associated with Woburn from the first, and it remains to this day practically the sole business of the place.
Situated about ten miles from Boston, and upon the great railroad highway between Boston and the North, —
the Boston & Maine system, — it is easy of access, frequent trains daily putting it in close connection with the
metropolis of New England. Considering its advantageous location, its growth, while steady, has not been in
proportion to that which has been enjoyed elsewhere, a fact in the main due to its being dominated by a single
industry, which has drawn thither only those interested in that calling. Not offering the inducement of diversified
industries, it has been placed at a disadvantage compared with places more favored by such diversity, and conse
quently has been of slower growth. Its present population is about 14,000.
Its most noteworthy attraction to the visitor is its magnificent public library building, which, in architectural
beauty, is not surpassed by any library structure in the country. This is a monument to the philanthropy and
public spirit of Charles Bowers Winn, who died in 1875 and left $250,000 for the purpose. It is worthy of
note that the initial step toward the foundation of the library was taken by the Hon. Jonathan Bowers Winn,
father of the foregoing, as early as 1855 ; and that it received by his death in 1873, and by the death of the
latter's brother, Timothy Winn, the same year, legacies aggregating $5,500.
Woburn abounds in historic landmarks, while within the city limits, or immediately adjacent thereto, are
many romantic spots to catch the fancy and inspire the brush of an artist. Here still stands the house in which
was born Benjamin Thompson, better known as Count Rumford, who was undoubtedly one of the most remarkable
men of his time, although his Tory sympathies in his country's infant crisis removes him without the pale of
respect of patriotic Americans. It was in Woburn that Charles Goodyear discovered the process of vulcanizing
rubber, and the house is still standing in which he resided at the time.

520

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

EDWARD EVERETT THOMPSON was born in
North Woburn, Mass., Dec. 18, 1826, and is the
son of Charles and Mary Wyman Thompson, being the
youngest of nine children. He traces his ancestry
back through seven generations to James Thompson,
who was a member of the party which, under command
of Governor Winthrop, landed at Salem in June, 1630.
This James Thompson was one of the original settlers
of Woburn, and in December, 1640, was one of the
thirty-two signers of
the Town Orders.
He served as a mem
ber of the first Board
of Selectmen elected
in 1642, and contin
ued to hold this office
for twenty years. The
subject of this sketch
was educated in the
public schools of his
native town, finish
ing with the gram
mar school, which
was the highest grade
the town enjoyed in
those days. Leaving
school, he was for a
number of years
engaged in mercan
tile business with his
brother Abijah, at
North Woburn, where
he also served as
postmaster. In
March, 1861, Wo
burn increased its
selectmen from
three to nine, and
Mr. Thompson was
chosen one of the
number. At the breaking out of the war, his brother
having enlisted, and the duties of selectman demanding
so much time, owing to the requirements of the time,
Mr. Thompson sold out his business and devoted his
entire time to public affairs. He continued a member of
the Board of Selectmen for seventeen years, almost rival
ling in length of service the public career of his paternal
ancestor in the town's infancy, and was chairman one
year and clerk of the board for twelve years. In 1871

EDWARD E. THOMPSON

he was chosen clerk of the Water Board and Water
Register, serving in this dual office for ten years. In
187 1 he also represented Woburn in the General Court.
For ten years he has been a special commissioner
for Middlesex County, and for twelve years treasurer of
the Woburn Five-Cent Savings Bank. When Woburn
became a city, in 1889, Mr. Thompson was elected to
the Common Council from Ward Four, and served two
years as president of that body. In the campaign of
1 89 1 he was elected
third mayor of Wo
burn, and had the
satisfaction of being
the executive head
of the city during
the year that marked
the two hundred and
fiftieth anniversary
of Woburn's incorpo
ration, and the cele
bration of which
commemorated
an event in which
his ancestor, James
Thompson, took an
active part. Mr.
Thompson has been
a prominent worker
in the counsels of the
Congregationalchurch, having been
deacon of the First
Church o f Woburn
for eight years, su
perintendent of the
North Church Sab
bath-school for five
years, superintend
ent of the First
Church Sabbath-
school ten years, collector and treasurer of the First Con
gregational parish fourteen years, and a member of the
Church Aid Committee of the Woburn Conference nine
years. Sept. 9, 1848, Mr. Thompson married Sarah S.
Hackett, of Wilton, N. H., and they have two children,
Charles M. Strout and Airs. C. Willard Smith.

Mrs.

Mr. and Mrs. Thompson have a pleasant home on Mont-
vale Avenue, Woburn, made brighter by the fact that
their children reside near by.

WOBURN.

521

PHILIP KEARNEY ADAMS RICHARDSON is
the son of George Adams Richardson and Lavina
(Gillespie) Richardson, and was born in Chelsea, Mass.,
Feb. 20, 1863. When but five years of age his parents
removed to Woburn, Mass., where his early education
was obtained in the public schools, supplemented later
by attendance at an art school in Boston. His tastes
early turned to wood-engraving as the business which
he later chose as his life-work, and which he has fol
lowed ever since with
success, being at pres
ent a partner in the
business of the Aldine
Engraving Company,
of Boston. In poli-
itics Mr. Richardson,
since the attainment
of his majority, has
been an ardent and
active Republican,
and has done efficient
service as a member
of the Republican
City Committee of
Woburn ; but until
1890, when he was
appointed registrar
of voters by Mayor
Johnson, he had
never held public
office of any kind.
Later he became a
civil service exam
iner, and in the mu
nicipal campaign of
1 89 1 he was nomi
nated as Republican
candidate from Wo
burn's third ward, a
seat which had been
held by a Democrat from the time of Woburn's first
municipal election. It is a tribute to Mr. Richardson's
personal popularity among those without the pale of his
own party that he scored a victory in this his first ap
pearance at the polls, and in a ward where the Demo
crats are in a decided majority. His discharge of his
aldermanic duties was distinguished by that frank, manly
independence of character and high-minded conception
of his duties, as the representative of his ward, that was

PHILIP K. A. RICHARDSON.

expected by those who had loyally given him their
votes, and showed a grasp of the requirements of his
position that was bound to make him a political factor
henceforth to be considered in the conduct of his city's
affairs. Courageous when the occasion was one to
demand the courage of unpartisanship, he made for
himself a record that immediately dignified his individ
uality as that of the most available man his party could
put forward for mayoralty honors in the succeeding
election. His nom
ination, therefore, fol
lowed as the logical
sequence of the ser
vice he had rendered,
and in the municipal
contest of 1892 he
was elected Woburn's
fourth and present
mayor in one of the
closest and most ex
citing struggles that
his city has ever
known, a contest in
which there were two
other candidates, and
in which all three
polled an unusually
heavy vote. In 1891
Mr. Richardson mar
ried Miss Roxanna
Baker Christy, and
his home life is as
happy as his political
career has been for
tunate. Socially, he
is one of the most
genial and compan
ionable of men, —
one whose frankness
is the natural reflec
tion of his sincerity of character, and as such is prop
erly understood and appreciated by all who know him.
No better evidence of such appreciation could be found
than the fact at so early an age and after so brief an
introduction to official affairs, he is to-day the executive
head of the city where his boyhood and manhood have
been spent, and where his character has developed and
unfolded under the eyes of the very people by whom he
has been honored with the chief gift at their disposal.

522

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

EDWARD FRANCIS JOHNSON, son of John and
Julia A. (Bulfinch) Johnson, was born in Woburn,
Alass., Oct. 22, 1856, and is a direct descendant of
Captain Edward Johnson, who served as the first
town clerk and chairman of the first Board of Select
men in Woburn. The subject of this sketch received
his early education in the public schools of his native
town, and upon his graduation from the high school in
1874, entered Harvard College, where, in 1878, he
obtained the degree
of A. B. The suc
ceeding year was
spent in rest, en
livened by travel
abroad, and upon
his return he entered
Harvard Law School,
graduating therefrom
in 1882 with the de
gree of LL. B., hav
ing been the year
previous admitted to
the Suffolk bar. The
very year that he
graduated from the
Harvard Law School
he was appointed
clerk of the Fourth
District Court of
Eastern Middlesex,
and held that posi
tion until his resig
nation in 1888. In
1887 he was elected
town treasurer of
Woburn, and was
again elected the
succeeding year, and
in 1888, when Wo
burn was incorpo
rated as a city, he was elected as the first mayor of the
new municipality, being elected for a second term the
succeeding year. To the work accomplished by its
young mayor in those two first crucial years, during
which the city was enjoying its first lessons in city gov
ernment, exceeding credit is due. With a keen com
prehension of the requirements consequent upon the
assumption of municipal dignity, Mayor Johnson brought
into practical requisition a knowledge and grasp of

EDWARD F. JOHNSON

municipal law that placed the newly-fledged city on a
secure and creditable foundation, and removed the
occasion for friction among the various departments.
He was the man for the time, and the city owes him a
debt of gratitude for the signal manner in which he
demonstrated that fact. Rarely, indeed, has the guid
ance of a city in its first days of municipal dignity, with
methods of government so distinct from those of the
town, been entrusted to so young a hand, and rarer
still, to one better
able to rise to the
full stature of the re
quire ments. In
February, 1891, Mr.
Johnson was chosen
justice of the Fourth
District of Eastern
Middlesex, the same
tribunal of which he
had been clerk for
six years, prior to
his resignation in
1888. All of Judge
Johnson's American
ancestors, excepting
the first two genera
tions, were natives
of Woburn, and like
his paternal ances
tor, Captain Edward
Johnson, whose
" Wonder-Working
Providence " is the
earliest record of
Woburn, having been
written in 165 1, the
subject of this sketch
has contributed not
a little by his re
searches to throw
light on Woburn's history. With a love for the place
with which the fortunes of his family have been asso
ciated from the settlement of the town, he has published
many papers dealing with old landmarks, while a
decidedly important contribution is the record of births,
marriages and deaths in Woburn, from its settlement to
the present, compiled with great care and accuracy,
published in three volumes, and which are of incalcul
able value to the genealogical student.

WOBURN.

523

GEORGE FREMONT BEAN, second mayor of
Woburn, is the only child of Stephen Sibley
Bean and Nancy (Colby) Bean, and was born in Brad
ford, N. H., March 24, 1857. His early education was
obtained in Warner, N. H., whither his family removed
when he was very young and where he attended the dis
trict school and subsequently the high school. He
fitted for college at Colby Academy, New London,
N. H., and entered Brown University in 1877, gradua
ting there from as
second in his class,
and consequently
salutatorian in 1881.
While at college, Air.
Bean was managing
editor of the Bruno-
nian, one of the
leading university
publications, was a
member of the Delta
Upsilon Fraternity,
and took an active
part in the athletic
sports whereby phys
ical development is
designed to keep
pace with the mental
improvement inci
dent to the mind-
broadening curricu
lum. The year after
graduation was spent
as principal of a gram
mar school in Wo
burn, which was Mr.
Bean's first introduc
tion to a place over
winch he was to be
the chief executive
about ten years later.
Teaching was in his case, as in the case of so many
others, but the breathing-spell ere taking up the career
that is to prove a life-work, and therefore after a single
year's service in the school-room, he took up the study
of law, entering the office of the Honorable Samuel C.
Eastman, at Concord, N. H., where the succeeding year
was spent in exploring the mysteries of Blackstone,
Coke and Lyttleton, as well as the works of American
jurists. The following year Mr. Bean entered Boston

GEORGE F. BEAN,

University Law School, from which he graduated in
1885, being admitted to the Suffolk bar in June of that
year. He immediately took up the practice of his pro
fession in Boston, devoting himself especially to com
mercial, probate and corporation law matters. Although
a Democrat and a resident of the strong Democratic
city of Woburn, Mr. Bean never took an active part
in politics until the municipal campaign of 1890, at
which time he was elected on a citizens' ticket for
mayor, defeating an
opponent who went
into the campaign
with the dual ad
vantage of Republi
can and Democratic
nomination. A new
and untried man, he
gave his city a good
administration under
circumstances that
were particularly try
ing and difficult.
The succeeding year
he received the
Democratic nomina
tion but was defeated
by his Republican
opponent through
factional opposition
in his own party. In
the campaign of
1892 Mr. Bean was
again the candidate
of his party, and
polled within thirty-
seven votes of the
successful Republi
can candidate, not
withstanding the fact
that there was an in
dependent candidate in the field who polled a heavy
Democratic vote. Mr. Bean took an active and promi
nent part in the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary
of the founding of Woburn. In 1886 Mr. Bean mar
ried Miss E. Maria Blodgett, a lady prominent in the
educational affairs of Woburn, having been before her
marriage a teacher in the high school of that city, and
who is and has been for some time a member the
Woburn School Board.

NEITHER the pioneer of the seventeenth century nor the patriot of the eighteenth could possibly have con
ceived the growth and development of the farming community scattered over the hills and valleys of the
western part of Aliddlesex County into one of the foremost manufacturing communities in Massachusetts. While
many of the old farms yet remain, unimpaired in area, on the outskirts of the territory embraced in the city limits,
another aspect than that of an agricultural community is presented by the modern Alarlborough to the world at
large. A young and growing city, whose natural advantages are supplemented by the enterprise and industry of
her citizens, Marlborough is to-day an exemplification of what may be accomplished by the union of the progres
sive ideas of the nineteenth century with the solid, Puritan stock of her founders. From the days when her
farmers, in common with those of so many New England towns, possessed a skill in the fashioning of footwear, to
the modern days of machinery, Marlborough has kept pace with the march of improvement and is to-day in the
first rank of the manufacturing cities of New England.
To the shoe industry alone Marlborough owes her growth and her material prosperity. Almost without
exception such other manufacturing plants as are established within her borders are connected in one way or
another with the one great industry, while it is the weekly pay-roll of the shops that maintains her mercantile
establishments, supports her public schools and contributes to her churches. The manufacture of boots and
shoes on a large scale was first commenced by Samuel Boyd, and until his death, in 1892, he was one of the leading
figures in the life and business of Marlborough, while the plant which he established is one of the largest in the
city. Other manufactories have grown up, until to-day there are many of them all over the city, the largest being
that of the S. H. Howe Shoe Manufacturing Company, whose three large factories, located in the western part of
the business portion of the city, give employment to two thousand hands. In the immediate vicinity of the
Howe shops are located those of John A. Frye, T. A. Coolidge & Co., Chase, Merritt & Co. and J. Desmond, while
the large plants of the Boyd-Corey Manufacturing Company, John O'Connell, Rice & Hutchins and J. B. Billings
are located in the central and eastern portion of the city. Smaller establishments for the manufacture of a finer
grade of shoes than those made in the large shops are being started, that of HoUis & Dearborn being an example.
Elmer Loring, leather remnants ; T. J. Beaudry, die manufacturer ; Frank Billings, leather remnants ; Henry-
Parsons, John Davey, Anderson & Dailey, M. C. Wheeler, Wood & Willard, machinists ; George A. Howe, E. F.
Longley, E. M. Low and Frank & Duston, box manufacturers ; Malcolm McLane and J. W. Strattard, foundries,
and the Marlborough Last Company — all are dependent on the one great industry for their maintenance and
their business. The only prominent industry that is entirely distinct from the shoe trade is that of the Germania Electric
Company, whose plant is on Maple Street. This concern, finding itself cramped for lack of room at its former
location in Cambridge, was forced to look elsewhere, and through the efforts of the Alarlborough Board of Trade
was induced to remove to Marlborough, the buildings and engine of the Commonwealth Shoe Company being
placed at its disposal, the latter concern having removed to Whitman in order to consolidate its various branches.
The Germania Company went to Marlborough in 1891, and immediately commenced the manufacture of dynamos,
incandescent lamps and other electric-light apparatus on a large and constantly increasing scale. In addition to
the force of experts that are required in this business, a large force of girls is constantly employed.
Marlborough is looked upon by the leaders of organized labor as one of the strongest labor-union cities in
the country, but wise and conservative management has always been the rule, and there is very little friction
between the employers and the employed, arbitration being the means employed to settle particularly knotty cases.
Marlborough has nothing to boast of in the line of public buildings, but the number of fine business blocks
is large and constantly increasing, some of the more notable structures being Frye's Block at the corner of
Mechanic and Lincoln streets, the People's Bank, Burke's, Warren's, Hunter's, and the Grand Army of the
Republic blocks on Main Street, while others are designed for construction in the near future.

MARLBOROUGH.

525

AMONG those of her adopted citizens, Marlborough
holds none higher than William Nathaniel Daven
port, born in Boylston, Mass., Nov. 3, 1856. He is the son
of William J. and Almira (Howard) Davenport, having
been born on the original tract of land granted to the
Davenports by the colonial Legislature. He is the direct
descendant of Captain Richard Davenport, commander
of the King's forces, whose remains now rest in King's
Chapel Burying-ground, Boston. The senior Davenport
died in 1858, leaving
his wife with three
little children, two
of them daughters.
Attending school
until eleven years
old, William N. left
it forever, to work in
a cotton mill. Going
to Hudson when
thirteen, he worked
a year in a shoe
shop, going thence
to Marlborough,
where he worked in
a similar place nine
years. He had
studied during his
spare time, and at
the age of twenty-
three left the shoe
shop with one thou
sand dollars, the sav
ings of three years,
and entered the law
office of J. T. Joslin,
Hudson, remain
ing there a year.
Thence he went to
Ann Arbor, attend
ing the law depart
ment of the Michigan University. In 1882 the Police
Court of Marlborough was formed, and Mr. Davenport
was appointed clerk. In 1883 he entered into partner
ship with E. F. Johnson, the union lasting one year, at
the end of which time he resigned his clerkship. He
was admitted to the Michigan bar in 1882 and to the
Massachusetts bar in 1883, upon examination. In 1884
he was elected to the Legislature by a large plurality,
and was re-elected in 1885 by a large majority, in the

WILLIAM N. DAVENPORT

face of an opposition majority in the town. He was
defeated for the Senate in 1886, was elected in 1888,
and was re-elected in 1889, running ahead of his ticket
in all cases. In the Legislature he served on the follow
ing committees : House Committee on Labor, Probate
and Insolvency, Election Laws (chairman) and Bills in
the Third Reading ; Senate Committee on Judiciary,
Probate and Insolvency (chairman) ; Bills in the Third
Reading (chairman), and Railroads; Joint Standing
Committee of Inves
tigation of Commis
sioner of Province
Laws, and Contested
Elections, 1889,
and chairman of
the Committee
on the Investiga
tion of Bribery
Charges made by
George Fred Wil
liams in 1890. He
was a member of the
Republican State
Central Committee
two years, of the
Ninth District Con
gressional Committee
six years, chairman
of the Marlborough
Republican Town
Committee three
years, and now
(1892) member of
the Republican
Councillor Commit
tee. He was Grand
Commander of the
American Legion of
Honor for two years
and grand leader of
the Home Circle for one year. At present he is Supreme
Representative to the Supreme Council of the Home Cir
cle, and a Supreme Trustee of the American Legion of
Honor. He is likewise a member of the Masonic Fra
ternity, Lodge and Chapter, and of the Improved Order
of Red Alen. He was married, on Jan. 1, 1887, to
Lizzie M., daughter of Lyman P. Kendall, of Boylston.
Politically, professionally and socially, Mr. Davenport
occupies a front rank in the esteem of his fellow-men.

526

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

FEW, if any, of Marlborough's sons have been hon
ored with public offices of trust and responsibility
to the extent of the subject of this sketch. He is by
birth and education a typical specimen of Marlborough's
best men, and as such is known and respected through
out the State. James W. McDonald was born May 15,
1853, being the son of Michael and Jane (Mulcahy)
McDonald, and has always lived in his native place.
He received his school education there, graduating from
the high school. At
the end of three
years' study he was
admitted to the bar,
after passing the ex
aminat ion by the
Middlesex exam
iners. His practice
has been a lucrative
and constantly in
creasing one. For
several years he was
town counsel of Marl-
borough, and has
been city solicitor
since the formation
of the city govern
ment. For twelve
years he was a mem
ber of the School
Committee. He was
elected to the Alas
sachusetts House of
Representatives, and
served during the
session of 1880, be
ing a member of the
committees on Li
quor Laws and Con
stitutional Amen d-
ments. In 1891 he
served in the State Senate from the Fourth Aliddlesex
District, being chairman of the Committee on Manufac
tures and a member of the committees on Constitu
tional Amendments, Probate and Insolvency, the special
committee on Congressional Redisricting and the special
committee which sat during the recess on the formation
of a general city charter, and which reported a bill
adopted by the Legislature of 1892. Re-elected to the
Senate, he served as chairman of the Committee on

james w. Mcdonald.

Probate and Insolvency, and was a member of the com
mittees on Judiciary, Constitutional Amendments and
the special recess committee on the revision of the
judicial system of the State. At the close of the ses
sion of 1892 he was appointed chairman of the State
Board of Gas and Electric Light Commissioners, resign
ing at that time from the Committee on Revision of
the Judicial System. During the session of 1891 Mr.
McDonald was chairman of the committee that drafted
the bill permitting
cities and towns to
construct and oper
ate their own plants
for gas and electric
lighting, which was
known as the McDon
ald Bill, and which
became a law. A
Democrat in politics,
Mr. McDonald has
never failed to re
ceive Republican
support whenever he
was a candidate for
office, such was the
confidence in his in
tegrity and ability
displayed by those
familiar with his
course as a public
official. For several
years he was asso
ciate justice of the
Marlborough Police
Court. He has been
for a long time the
chairman of the Dem
ocratic City Com
mittee of Marlbor
ough, and is always
called upon to render service to the party during the
campaign. He is a most convincing speaker on politi
cal subjects, being thoroughly versed in economic ques
tions. Mr. McDonald is a member of two fraternal
organizations, — the Royal Arcanum and the Ancient
Order of Foresters of America. He is unmarried, re
siding with his mother on Prospect Street in his native
city. As city solicitor of Marlborough, he keeps in
close touch with all municipal affairs.

MARLBOROUGH.

527

IT was said, when Marlborough voted in July, 1890, to
accept a city charter, that S. H. Howe was practi
cally chosen mayor, so strong was his hold on the
respect and confidence of his fellow-citizens. It is safe
to say that not one of Marlborough's prominent men
has, to a greater degree, the esteem of all classes and
conditions of men than has Simon Herbert Howe, the
subject of this brief biographical sketch. He is the
son of Samuel and Charlotte Howe, his mother's maiden
name being likewise
Howe. Born Dec.
21, 1835, he grew
up to youth and man
hood on the breezy
hills of Marlborough.
He began shoemak-
ing at the age of
eleven, and is famil
iar with all the de
tails of the craft. He
grad u a t ed from
school at the age of
twenty. In 1855 he
commenced the
manufacture of shoes
in a shop on Pleas
ant Street, in com
pany with his brother,
Lewis A. Howe. He
subsequently pur
chased his brother's
interest and removed
the business to the
corner of Pleasant
and Elm streets, the
site of what is now
the main shop in the
trio of large factories
operated in his name.
This shop has been
enlarged many times, until it stands as one of the
largest in Eastern Massachusetts. On March 12, 1878,
he purchased the "Diamond F" shop on Pleasant
Street from James Tucker. This shop, too, has been
successively enlarged. On June 4, 1889, he purchased
the " Diamond O " shop from C. L. & L. T. Frye and
added it to his already large plant. The S. H. Howe
Shoe Company, of which he is the president, now
operates these three factories, the daily output being

SIMON H. HOWE.

ten thousand pairs. Mr. Howe has been frequently
called to public position by his fellow-citizens. He
held the office of town selectman in 1866, 1873, 1875
and 1877 and, as intimated in the opening lines of this
sketch, was the choice by an overwhelming majority for
the position of the first mayor of the new city. He
served in that capacity for one year, retiring with the
respect of all citizens. Mr. Howe was for a long time
chairman of the School Committee of the town. He
represented the
district in the lower
branch of the Massa
chusetts Legislature
in 1877. In the
commercial life of
Marlborough, M r .
Howe has ever been
prominent. He was
elected trustee of the
Marlborough Savings
Bank in 1875, and in
1882 was c h o's en
president of that in
stitution. He was,
in 1879, one of the
original incorpora
tors of the People's
National Bank, and
has always been on
the Board of Direc
tors thereof. Jan. 1,
1857, he was mar
ried to Harriet A .
Brigham. Four chil
dren are the result
of this union, the
eldest, Louis P., be
ing vice-president of
the corporation
which bears his
father's name. Mr. Howe has always been a promi
nent member of the Unitarian church, standing high
in its councils and doing much to further its interests.
He stands to-day the foremost citizen of Marlborough,
the one to whose business energy, as much as to any
other cause, is due her material prosperity. The man
who supplies the world with sixty thousand pairs of shoes
a week, and finds time to devote to public interests,
commands the respect of his fellow-men.

EVERETT is, with but one exception, the youngest city in the State. Only during the present year has it
secured a city charter, and become an incorporated municipality, ranking twenty-ninth in the list of Massa
chusetts cities. But Everett is one of the growing and most prosperous communities in the State. In the
past ten years the growth has been phenomenal, yet of a solid, substantial character. The population of Everett
is now about 15,000. According to the census of 1880 the population was 4,159, while in 1890 the population
was 11,068, an increase of one hundred and sixty-six per cent, the highest of any city or town in the State.
The history of Everett as a distinct community dates only from 1870, when it was separated from Maiden
and named in honor of the orator, Edward Everett. By an act of the Legislature on March 9, 1870, that part of
Maiden known as South Maiden, with 2,220 inhabitants, was allowed to become a separate town. For more than
a quarter century before, the citizens of South Maiden had agitated the question of separation, and up to 1870 had
made seven ineffectual attempts to get legislative consent. Maiden stoutly and persistently opposed the division,
but as the two communities had little of common interest, South Maiden labored unwillingly under the yoke. So
when the division bill was passed, there was great rejoicing in the town, and a celebration on an extensive scale
was indulged in, with a banquet, speeches, music and fireworks. However, the new town soon found it had nearly
everything to create for itself. Its educational facilities were poor, its school buildings destitute of modern
conveniences, its streets and sidewalks in wretched condition ; it had no water supply, and only an old-fashioned
hand engine to put out fires.
In the twenty-three years of its existence, Everett has wholly reconstructed its school accommodations, and
with the completion of the new high-school building, which will cost over $60,000, it will have eight large, conven
ient and well-ventilated school-houses, representing an outlay of more than $190,000. It has expended for the
maintenance of its schools, §397,000; for streets and sidewalks, $327,000; for its water works, §260,000; and for
sewers, $107,000. Through the liberality of two former citizens, the city is soon to have two public library build
ings. The sum of $10,000 was bequeathed by William Shute, of Lynn, for a building in the Glendale district, and a
lot of land in FAerett Square, valued at more than $6,000, has been presented to the town by Albert N. Parlin, who
is also to give $5,000 toward the erection of the building.
The acreage of Everett has many times been the subject of dispute. In 1632 the Fmglish and Indians had
serious trouble in regard to it, but it was happily ended by the death of the Indian chief Wonohaquahan, or
Sagamore John. The following year the territory between Island End River and Alalden River, " and soe vpp
into the country," was granted to Charlestown. Five years later a division of Mystic-side lands, composing what
is now Everett and Maiden, was made, and a large tract was set apart for " desirable persons," and for " such
persons as may come vvith another minister." In 1640 the penny ferry, which continued one hundred and forty-
seven years, was established, running from a point near the present Maiden Pridge to Charlestown, being super
seded by the Maiden Bridge. It is recorded in 1643 that Thomas Caule " dwelleth by the water at the Ferry place
on mystick side, many people having occasion to come that way," and he did "humbly request leave to sell bread,
beare, and other victualling for the refreshing of such."
In contrast with the spirit displayed at that early clay, it is interesting to note that since the passage of the
local option law not a single license for the sale of liquors has been granted in the town. In 1649 Alalden was
separated from Charlestown, but the latter town retained, until 1726, the southern part, comprising more than half
of what is now FAerett, and still retains a narrow strip near Maiden Bridge, on which is located the Charlestown
(Boston) almshouse. FAerett has become noted for its springs of remarkably pure water, and enormous quantities
are annually supplied to neighboring cities.
The manufactures of FAerett include acids and chemicals, bicycles, furniture, worsted goods, iron foundings
and roofing materials. Woodlawn, one of the most beautiful cemeteries in Massachusetts, is located in Everett.

EVERETT.

529

/*•¦* Up?*!

¦

AMOS STONE has for half a century been one of
the prominent financiers in Middlesex County,
and to-day, at the age of seventy-six, holds more respon
sible positions than any man of his years in the county.
He is president of the Charlestown Savings Bank, which
was organized in 1854, with his brother as president
and himself as treasurer and trustee, and he continued
as such till the death of his brother in 1891, when he
succeeded to the presidency. The bank has deposits
exceeding $5,000,-
000. He is presi
dent of the Monu
ment National Bank,
with which he has
been connected
twenty years. He is
president, and was
one of the incorpo
rators in 1 86 1, of the
Mutual Protection
Fire Insurance Com
pany, and for more
than twenty years he
was clerk and treas
urer of the Mystic
River Company, a
large landed corpo
ration. Shortly after
Everett became in
corporated as a town
Air. Stone moved
there, where he con
tinues to reside. A
few years ago, when
the town was agitat
ing the important
question of a system
of sewerage, Mr.
Stone was appointed
on the committee
and made its chairman, to investigate the matter. The
committee's report was prepared by him, submitted to
the town, adopted, and of the commission appointed
to carry out the committee's recommendations, he was
made chairman. Mr. Stone was- elected on the first
road commission in 1889, the first and only elective
office he ever held in the town. He was married in
1866 to Miss Sarah E. Mills. He became a Freemason
in early life, and now is treasurer of two Masonic lodges.

I

AMOS STONE.

Mr. Stone was born in Weare, N. H., Aug. 16, 1816, and
is a lineal descendant of Rev. Samuel Stone, who came
to this country from England in 1633. When eight
years of age he removed with his parents to Charles
town, Mass., and there attended the public schools till
the age of fifteen, when he entered his father's grocery
store. On attaining his majority he engaged in the real
estate business, in which he is still interested. In 1847,
when Charlestown became a city, Mr. Stone was elected
its first treasurer and
collector, holding the
positions eight years.
In 1855 he was
elected treasurer of
Middlesex County,
and for the long
period of thirty
years continued in
that capacity, doing
the enormous work
of the office without
any assistance.
When his thirty
years of service were
completed he de
clined a re-election,
and the convention
which nominated his
successor adopted
resolutions com
mending his faithful
ness, courtesy and
financial ability.
When the Civil War
broke out Mr. Stone
became one of the
stanchest supporters
of the government,
and his time and
means were used in
his country's behalf. Being debarred from active mili
tary duty on account of age, he sent two recruits to the
front, and was one of twenty-one citizens who bore the
expenses of sending to the seat of war the first three
companies from Charlestown. All his life he has been
a hard worker, for years putting in sixteen hours a day
in his office duties. His capacity for work is still ap
parently undiminished, and at the age of nearly four
score he is vigorous as ever.

53Q

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

GEORGE EDWIN SMITH is one of the most
prominent men in the new city of Everett, where
he has resided for the last fifteen years. He was born
in New Hampton, Belknap County, N. H., on April 5,
1849, being the son of David H. and Esther (Perkins)
Smith. His early education was gained in the common
schools of his native town, and he was fitted for college
in Nichol's Latin School, at Lewiston, Me., and in the
New Hampton Literary Instituie. He then entered
Bates College at
Lewiston, Me., from
which he was gradu
ated with high
honors in the class
of 1873. His tastes
were for the legal
profession, and h e
at once commenced
the study of law in
the office of Hon.
William P. F r y e ,
now a United
States Senator from
Maine, of the legal
firm of Frye, Cotton
& White, in Lewis-
ton, Me. Mr. Smith
was admitted to the
Suffolk County bar
in Boston, in May,
1875, and was asso
ciated in business
with the late Horace
R. Cheney, Esq. In
December of 1876
Air. Cheney died,
and Mr. Smith as
sumed the business
of the firm and still
carries it on, stand
ing very high in his profession. Early in his legal
career he developed a marked aptitude for the calling,
and has made himself thorough master of its details.
Mr. Smith has taken only a small part in politics, though
in 1883, by his constituents of the Eighth Middlesex
District, which comprised Maiden and Everett, he was
sent to the lower branch of the Legislature. He was
re-elected in 1884 by an increased majority. In 1892
he was a candidate for mayor of Everett, the town hav-

GEORGE E. SMITH

ing become a city in that year. Since taking up his
residence in Everett, Mr. Smith has taken a deep inter
est in its welfare, and being well informed in municipal
and State affairs, has done much to promote the good
of the town and city, and of its citizens. For ten years
he served on the Board of Trustees of the Public Library
and was chairman of the committee appointed by the
town last January to procure a city charter. He has
also served on the School Board. He was prominent
in the committee of
the town to secure a
system of sewerage,
and aside from his
private business he
has always been
ready to assist in
every public under
taking. In 1879
Air. Smith was
elected, by the alum
ni, a member of the
Board of Overseers
of Bates College, and
in 1884 he was
chosen, by the cor
poration, a member
of the Board of
President and Fel
lows of the same
institution. He is a
member of Palestine
Lodge of Masons,
of Everett, and is
president of the
Glendon Club, the
leading social organ
ization of that city.
Air. Smith was mar
ried at West Buxton,
Me., on Oct. 31,
1876, to Sarah F., daughter of Hon. Charles E. and
Eliza (Allen) Weld. They have one child, Theo
dosia Weld Smith. In all the various capacities in
which Mr. Smith has served the town of Everett, his
work has been most valuable and fruitful on account of
the conscientious care and attention to detail which he
gives to every undertaking. In the social, as well as
the business life of the young city, he is one of the
most prominent figures.

EVERETT.

531

JOHN C. SPOFFORD is best known throughout the
country as a member of the firm of architects that
planned the additions to the capitol buildings of Maine
and Massachusetts. Mr. Spofford was born in Webster,
Androscoggin County, Me., Nov. 25, 1854. He was
educated in the public and private schools of his native
town and at Monmouth (Me.) Academy, the Maine
Wesleyan Seminary at Kent's Hill, and at the Lewiston
Business College, of which he was for some time prin
cipal. Naturally of
a mechanical turn of
mind, he spent con
siderable time at the
carpenter's and ma
son's trades, and the
knowledge and e x -
perience there gained
have been of great
service to him in his
profession. In 1879
he entered the office
of Henry J. Preston,
architect, of Boston,
spending some fifteen
months in the study
of the rudiments of
architecture. In Feb
ruary, 1 88 1, he en
tered the office of
Sturgis & Brigham,
one of Boston's lead
ing architectural
firms. While in the
employ of this firm
Mr. Spofford had
charge of the con
struction of several
important public
buildings and private
residences, among
which were the Massachusetts Hospital Life Insurance
Company's building, 50 State Street, Boston, and the resi
dence of H. H. Rogers in New York, one of the Standard
Oil kings. In 1886 the firm of Sturgis & Brigham was
dissolved, and in the following year Air. Spofford formed
a partnership with Willard M. Bacon, the firm taking
the name of Spofford & Bacon. A year later Mr. Spof
ford united with Charles Brigham, who^had^been the
junior member of the firm of Sturgis. & Brigham.

JOHN C. SPOFFORD.

Messrs. Brigham & Spofford became widely and favor
ably known through the high class of buildings of which
they were the architects. Some examples of their
architecture are the additions to the Maine and Massa
chusetts capitol buildings, the City Hall at Lewiston, and
the Memorial Hall at Belfast, Ale. ; the Massachusetts
Hospital for Inebriates and Dipsomaniacs at Foxboro' ;
the Roxbury Presbyterian Church ; the Town Hall and
the Public Library building at Fair Haven, Mass. The
firm of Brigham &
Spofford dissolved in
February, 1892, Mr.
Spofford selling out
to his partner, and
starting anew in the
John Hancock Build
ing on Devonshire
Street, Boston, where
he is rapidly acquir
ing a large amount
of business. Mr.
Spofford is a direct
descendant of John
Spofford who settled
in Rowley, now
Georgetown, in 1638.
Hs is also a direct
descendant of John
Wentworth, who held
the lieutenant-gov
ernorship of New
Hampshire from
1 7 1 7 to 1730 by ap
pointment of Queen
Anne. Captain John
Wentworth, the great
grandfather of Mr.
Spofford's grand
father fought on the
Plains of Abraham at
the battle of Quebec, and was one of the soldiers who
carried Wolfe to the rock beside which he died. In
July, 1881, Mr. Spofford married Miss Ella M. Fuller,
of Turner, Me., and to them has been born one child,
Mabel F'uller Spofford. Mr. Spofford is a prominent
figure in the social and political circles of the town, and
is a member of numerous social, political and secret
societies and clubs. He has never aspired to political
office,

532

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

DUDLEY PERKINS BAILEY is a lawyer, and a
member of the first City Council of the new
city of Everett. He is a son of Rev. Dudley P. and
Hannah B. Bailey, and was born in Cornville, Me., Oct.
24, 1843. His father was a descendant of John Alden
and Priscilla, and his mother of Robert Cushman,
another of the Pilgrim Fathers. He was educated at
Monson Academy and Colby University. While at
college he took great interest in the study of political
economy, of which
he has ever since
been an industrious
student, so far as the
demands of an exact
ing profession would
allow. In 1868 he
received the prize
offered by the Ameri
can Free Trade
League to under
graduates in Ameri
can colleges for the
best essay on free
trade. He left col
lege at the end of
the junior year, but
in 1877 received his
degree in course as
member of the class
of 1867. After study
ing law with Hon.
William L. Putnam,
now one of the judges
of the United States
Circuit Court, he
was admitted to
the bar at Portland,
Me., in 1870. Two
years later he located
in Everett, and has
since that time been closely identified with its varied
material, educational and religious interests. For four
teen years he was a member of the School Committee,
was chairman five years, and was always an active and
progressive member. He was one of the pioneers in
the establishment of the Everett Public Library, has
always been a trustee and is now its chairman. In
1886-87 he was a member of the Massachusetts House
of Representatives, and was instrumental in securing the

DUDLEY P. BAILEY.

revision and codification of the laws for the collection
of taxes. For many years he has been a contributor to
magazines, among his articles being "An Historical
Sketch of Banking in Massachusetts," "Austrian Paper
Money in the Panic of 1873," "The Commerce and
Currency of Cuba," " The Credit Institutions of Italy."
Some of these articles have been reprinted in pamphlet
form and have attracted attention in financial circles in
this country and Europe on account of the extent and
completeness of their
statistical informa
tion. For the past
six years he has gen
erally been elected
moderator of the
town meetings, and
was one of the com
mittee to frame a
city charter and pro
cure its passage. He
is a member of
Palestine Lodge of
Freemasons and of
the Royal Arch Chap
ter of the Tabernacle.
H e was the first
president of the
Pine Tree Club of
Everett, a life mem
ber of the Massachu
setts Baptist Conven
tion, and has for
three years past been
a member of the Fi
nance Commitee and
the attorney of that
corporation. He is
a trustee of the Ev
erett Savings Bank.
He has been treas
urer of the First Baptist Church in Everett since 1878,
and was one of the pioneers in establishing the Glen-
dale Baptist Church of Everett. With all these activi
ties and with an office in both FAerett and Boston, Mr.
Bailey is a very busy man, and the light in his office is
usually the last to be put out in Everett Square. Mr.
Bailey has invested quite largely in Everett real estate
and is a heavy taxpayer. He is still an eager student
and has probably the largest private library in town.

EVERETT.

533

JOHN D. HENDERSON is a member of the firm
of Henderson Brothers, builders, who have in the
past ten years built more than seven hundred houses in
Everett. In the rapid development of property in the
town, Mr. Henderson has taken a prominent and impor
tant part. Mr. Henderson is now ( 1892) on the Board of
Selectmen, was elected its chairman, but having last
year served in that position he declined in favor of
another. Mr. Henderson was born in the little town of
Gatehouse, in the
southern part of
Scotland, on Oct. 27,
1849. He received
his tuition in a pri
vate school, and
when about fourteen
years of age was
apprenticed to learn
the trade of a car
penter. After serv
ing an apprenticeship
of five years he left
Scotland and came
to Boston. His
abilities as a me
chanic were soon
recognized, and in
less than a year he
was employed as
foreman by Henry F.
Durant, who built the
famous women's col
lege buildings at
Wellesley, Mass.
While Mr. Hender
son continued with
Mr. Durant he super
intended this con-
tr ac t as we 11 as
several other large
buildings. In 1872 Mr. Henderson formed a partner
ship with an older brother, James M. Henderson, as
builders. The two young men removed to Everett and
began in the line of business they have since followed.
They bought a tract of land and began the erection of
moderate cost houses to be sold on easy terms. They
were among the pioneers in this line of the business.
Meanwhile the brothers read diligently the American and
foreign architectural, building and other allied trade

JOHN D. HENDERSON

papers, and seized upon any new ideas which were pre
sented. Their first houses were finished in a manner
twenty years ahead of the average modest dwelling of
the time, with such conveniences as mark the modern
house of to-day. During the past eight years the firm
have built an average exceeding fifty houses a year.
The firm has its own saw-mills, planing mills, paint
shops and lumber yards, complete with facilities for pre
paring all the material used in constructing their houses.
With their own em
ployees the firm
does every part of
the labor required in
the erection of a
house, from the
breaking of the
ground for the cellar
to the time the house
is ready for the
occupant. They
employ from fifty to
eighty men the year
through, and have a
weekly pay-roll of
one thousand dollars.
They pay taxes on
two hundred and
fifty thousand dollars'
worth of real estate.
In 189 1, at the
annual town meeting,
Mr. Henderson was
elected selectman by
the largest vote ever
given a candidate
for that office in the
town, and was made
chairman of the
board. Last spring
he received a re
election. He was on the committee which was success
ful in securing a city charter for the town, and in 1892
was elected a member of the first Board of Aldermen
of Everett. Mr. Henderson is a member of Palestine
Lodge of Masons, past grand of Everett Lodge of Odd
Fellows, and a member of Assawomsett Tribe of Red
Men. Mr. Henderson was married in 1879 to Miss
Emily Thring, of Boston, and to them has been born
one child.

534

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

NATHANIEL J. MEAD was for more than thirty
years a member of a firm of builders and con
tractors which became one of the largest in New Eng
land, the firm of Mead, Mason & Co. To-day every
State in New England bears evidences of the high class
of work done by this firm. Churches, town halls and
other public buildings are scattered all over the eastern
part of the country as memorials of their success.
In 1854 Mr. Mead started in business with two brothers
in Concord, N. H.,
the firm name being
Mead Brothers.
They made a small
beginning, doing
general jobbing and
contracting. Two
years later Mr. Wil
liam G. Alason was
admitted to partner
ship. In 1862 the
the company pur
chased a large tract
of timber land and a
saw-mill in Warren,
N. H., and a wood
working steam mill
in Concord, N. H.,
thereby greatly en
larging their business
acilities. Subse
quently the firm
name was changed
to Mead, Mason &
Co. From the start
the firm prospered,
and in a few years
had established a
successful and grow-
i n g business. I n
1875 the extensive
mills of the Sturtevant Manufacturing Company in Leba
non, N. H., were purchased by the firm. The mills were
among the best equipped in the country for the manu
facture of furniture, doors, sashes, blinds and house
trimmings. At this time the firm employed five hun
dred men, and had offices in Lebanon, Concord and
Manchester, in New Hampshire, and in Boston and
New York. Among their many contracts was the re
building of the New Hampshire State capitol. In 1885,

NATHANIEL J. MEAD.

on account of ill health, Mr. Mead retired from the
building firm, but continued his interest in the manu
facturing department. Mr. Mead was born in New
Hampton, N. H., Jan. 4, 1833, and was educated at the
public schools and at the New Hampton Institution.
In 1856 he married Miss Cynthia A., daughter of Hon.
David B. Plumer, of Meredith, N. H. They have
two children, a son, Dr. George N. P. Mead, one
of the most successful physicians in Everett, and a
daughter, the wife of
Mr. F. S. Snyder, of
Everett. After leav-
ing school, Mr.
Mead moved to
Concord, where he
lived nineteen years,
serving two terms. in
the city government.
In 187 1 he made his
home in Everett,
locating there as he
had the management
of the rapidly in
creasing business of
Boston and vicinity.
He served the town
as selectman in 1880
and was chairman of
the board. The fol
lowing year he de
clined a re-election.
Before and since
that time he has
served on many im
portant town com
mittees, especially
on building matters,
where his a d v i c e
was much sought.
He is intimate ly
identified with the social, political and religious interests
of the town, and is now a trustee of the Everett Sav
ings Bank. During his whole life he has been a con
sistent Christian, and for nearly twenty years has
been a deacon in the First Baptist Church in Everett.
Fie is one of the recognized leaders in all movements
that have for their object the moral and intellectual
welfare of the town, and his name is a synonym for
perfect integrity.

REVERE.

535

JONATHAN STONE, of Revere, is the best repre
sentative citizen of that town, and takes a deep
interest in its affairs, believing the proper management
of the town's business, and the election of proper town
officers to be of more importance to the people residing
in the town than the election of a president or a gov
ernor. In the past sixteen years in which he has lived
in Revere, which is one of the many charming suburbs
of Boston, he has attended every town meeting, with
but one exception,
on that single occa
sion having been
detained at home on
account of sickness,
— a devotion to pub
lic duty such as is
seldom seen. His
whole aim is to pro
mote the best inter
ests of Revere. He
has served one year
on the Board of Se
lectmen, three years
on the Board of
Health, and also on
very many important
town committees.
At present he is a
member of the Com
mittee on Sewers,
which, in the year
1892, laid about
twelve miles of sew
ers in the town.
Since Mr. Stone has
lived in Revere he
has seen the town
grow in population
from sixteen hundred
to six thousand, and
with a summer population exceeding ten thousand.
The town embraces within its limits a beach as fine as
there is in the Bay State, and on a fair Sunday in sum
mer attracts to its shores nearly fifty thousand people.
Mr. Stone was born in Weare, N. H., April 29, 1823,
being the seventh and youngest of a family remarkable
for longevity. His father died at the age of seventy-
six; his mother was over eighty-four when she died;
the eldest son died at the age of eighty-one ; the only

JONATHAN STONE

daughter died at the age of sixty-four ; and three of the
children are now living, over seventy years old. When
but one year old Mr. Stone's parents moved to Charles
town, Mass. His father engaged in the grocery and pro
vision business, and continued there for many years, be
coming widely and honorably known. He died in 1852.
Jonathan Stone attended the Charlestown public schools,
and on graduating from them, in 1838, went to work in
his father's store. The virtues of economy, diligence,
faithfulness and
punctuality were im
pressed on him by
his father. All his
savings were invested
in real estate. He
built many stores
and houses in
Charlestown, and is
to-day the owner of
much property in
that district. He
retired from active
business in 1872, and
has since employed
his time in the care
of his real estate.
In 1872 Mr. Stone
was a member of the
Common Council' of
Charlestown, and in
the fall of the same
year was elected
mayor, being the last
man to hold that of
fice, as on Jan. 1,
1874, the city was
annexed to Boston.
Mr. Stone moved to
Revere in 1876, and
built a fine residence
on High Street, which he still occupies. He has been
twice married. His first wife was Miss Sarah Rebecca
Andrews, and by her he had two children. He after
wards married Miss Mary L. Andrews, a sister of his
first wife, and to them one child has been born. Dur
ing a long life of consistent usefulness and steadfast
integrity Mr. Stone has seen the material prosperity of
the State, as well as its art and educational life, steadily
progress, and he has assisted in its development.

MEDFORD is the thirtieth and youngest of Massachusetts cities, and only in the present year has it become
an incorporated municipality, but it is one of the oldest towns in the State, and is rich in romantic Revolu
tionary history. Medford was settled in 1630. It is situated five miles from Boston on the Lowell division of the
Boston & Maine Railroad. The city is chiefly residential, and contains many beautiful and extensive estates.
During the first half of the present century Medford was famous for its shipbuilding. The town was well situated
for the business, and this advantage was early recognized. Here, on July 4, 1631, Governor Winthrop launched his
bark, "The Blessing of the Bay," a vessel of thirty tons. F"or a century and a half the business grew in impor
tance; but not until 1800, however, did the industry receive the impetus which brought fame to the little town.
From 1803 to 1854 there were built at Medford five hundred thirteen vessels, with a total tonnage of two
hundred thirty-two thousand two hundred six tons, and a valuation of nearly ten and one-half million dollars. The
business has now entirely disappeared. Numerous bridges now cross Mystic River between Medford and the
mouth, making a formidable barrier to this kind of business. The famous Middlesex Canal, which connected the
Merrimack River with Boston Harbor during the early part of this century, passed directly through Medford, and
many of the townspeople were influential in the canal's construction. Another industry that has made Medford
famous is that of distilling. Medford rum, known the world over, is still manufactured here and exported in large
quantities. Some of the other manufactured products are brick, carriages, carpets, buttons, crackers, gold leaf, furni
ture, rubber goods, boots and shoes and knit goods. Medford has a fine school system, and uses a large high
school building and more than a dozen grammar and primary school buildings. The Congregational, Baptist,
Episcopalian, Methodist, Unitarian, Universalist and Catholic denominations are represented, and have commo
dious edifices. Tufts College, the leading Universalist educational institution in the State, is situated on College
Hill, near the Somerville line. The buildings are spacious and convenient. In the college museum is the skeleton
of the big elephant, Jumbo, which was presented to the college by the late Phineas T. Barnum. The movement
for founding the college was begun in 1847. Charles Tufts, of Somerville, gave one hundred acres of land for
a college site, and in his honor the college is named. The town has a public library building, the gift of Thatcher
Magoun, with over twelve thousand volumes on its shelves. Among the distinguished citizens of Medford have
been John Brooks, who was governor of Massachusetts from 1816 to 1823; and Matthew Craddock, the first
governor of the Massachusetts Company, in 1841, made Medford his home when in this country, and built the
famous house which to this day bears his name. It was through this town that Paul Revere passed on his
memorable ride to arouse the farmer minute-men to action on the 18th of April, 1775. Medford has borne its
full share in furnishing soldiers for the country's defence. There was a company of militia before the Revolution,
and of it the adjutant-general said . "This company came out on the 19th of April, 1775, and were in service five
days, and were undoubtedly in the battles of Lexington and Concord." In the War of 1812 eighteen Medford
men enlisted, three of whom were killed in battle. There were seven hundred and seventy soldiers enlisted from
the town for service in the Civil War, and to their honored memory has been erected a suitable monument.
In 1890 the population of Medford was 11,079, and during the past two years it has increased to nearly
13,000. The valuation of real and personal estate in 1892 was $11,250,000. The new city council is composed
of a mayor, a Board of Aldermen of six members and a Common Council of eighteen members. Medford is the
only city in the State that elects its mayor biennially. Aldermen are also elected for terms of two years, the
terms of one half the members expiring annually. The councilmen are elected for terms of one year.

MEDFORD.

537

SAMUEL CROCKER LAWRENCE, the first mayor
of the city of Medford, was born in Medford
Nov. 22, 1832, the son of Daniel and Elizabeth
(Crocker) Lawrence. Obtaining his early education in
the public schools of his native town and in Lawrence
Academy, Groton, he was graduated from Harvard with
honors in the celebrated class of 1855. For two years
after graduation he was partner in the banking firm of
Bigelow & Lawrence, of Chicago, and then at the
request of his father
he returned to Med
ford to engage in
business with him as
one of the firm of
Daniel Lawrence &
Sons, distillers, of
which he has for
many years been the
sole proprietor. He
was commissioned
lieutenant in the
Massachusetts Vol
unteer Militia i n
1855, captain i n
1856, major in
1859, and in i860
colonel of the Fifth
Regiment of Massa
chusetts Mili tia,
which was one of the
first regiments in the
country to volunteer
for service when the
war broke out. He
tendered his regi
ment to Governor
Andrew on the 15 th
of April, 1861, and
on the 19th was or
dered to report for
duty. His regiment fought with credit in the first battle
of Bull Run, where Colonel Lawrence was severely
wounded. In June, 1862, he was commissioned briga
dier-general in the Massachusetts Militia, which rank he
resigned in August, 1864. A term of service as com
mander of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Com
pany, in 1869, closed his meritorious career as a soldier.
On the financial shipwreck of the Eastern Railroad, in
1875, General Lawrence was chosen president of the

SAMUEL C. LAWRENCE.

company, and was eminently successful in keeping the
property intact, and harmonizing the creditors and
shareholders into arrangements which saved their inter
ests from the devastation of a struggle in bankruptcy
and the valuable leaseholds of the company from dis
ruption. It is one of the few instances in which a rail
road corporation in a condition of temporary insolvency
has been saved from the hands of the spoiler. General
Lawrence has been a zealous worker for the interests of
the Masonic frater
nity, and has been
repeatedly honored
by election to its
highest offices. A
characteristic feature
of his Masonic labor
has been the estab
lishment of perma
nent charitable funds
in every body with
which he has been
associated in the
working offices. He
was three times
elected Grand Master
of Masons in Massa
chusetts, and it was
largely through his
efforts that the heavy
debt on the Masonic
Temple in Boston
was finally paid in
full. His Masonic
library is one of the
most complete in the
country. General
Lawrence has a
strong hold upon the
esteem and gratitude
of his fellow-towns
men of Aledford, for no man has done more to preserve
its integrity, promote its prosperity and, by his own
generous example, quicken its charities. In memory of
the patriotic service he rendered his country, the Grand
Army Post of Medford is called by his name. On the
incorporation of Medford as a city, in 1892, he was, by
the spontaneous movement of his fellow-citizens, called
to the chief executive office as the first mayor of the
new municipality.

538

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

WHEN the Commonwealth of Massachusetts suc
ceeded in getting out of the railroad business,
not many years ago, and in disposing of the stock it had
held in various companies, it was considered by all as a
most fortunate thing, and no one was more deservedly
complimented upon the result than Daniel A. Gleason,
who was at that time State treasurer. Mr. Gleason was
born in Worcester, Mass., May 9, 1836, the son of John
F. and Maria (Tourtelotte) Gleason. His ancestors
were among the first
settlers of the town
in 17 15, the first of
the Gleason family
coming to Massachu
setts from England
in 1652. On his
mother's side Mr.
Gleason is of Hugue
not descent. After
attending the public
schools of his native
city, and fitting for
college in the Wor
cester High School,
he entered Yale in
1852, went from
there to Harvard in
1853, and graduated
from the latter insti
tution in the class of
1856. Among his
classmates were
Charles Francis
Adams, Governor
George D. Robinson
and Judge Smith,
formerly of the New
Hampshire Supreme
Court, but now pro
fessor in the Harvard
Law School. After graduation Mr. Gleason taught
school in "Western Pennsylvania and read law. After
being admitted to the bar he returned to Massachu
setts, studied at the Harvard Law School, and received
his degree of LL.B. in i860. A year in the law office
of Chandler & Shattuck followed, after which, in 1861,
he was admitted to the Suffolk bar, and began practice
in an office with ex-Attorney-General Stephen H. Phil
lips. Mr. Gleason edited several law books and for a

DANIEL A. GLEASON

time was editor of the "Law Reporter." In 1862 he
became assistant to Attorney-General Foster, remaining
with him until the fall of 1863. In 1864 he took charge
of the tax commissioner's office, and was deputy tax
commissioner and commissioner of corporations until
1 88 1. From January of that year until January, 1886,
or just as long as the constitution would permit, Mr.
Gleason held the office of State treasurer. His adminis
tration of the State's finances was successful in the
highest degree. It
was during his long
term of office that
the State changed
its Boston & Albany
Railroad stock for
bonds, sold out its
New York & New
England stock, and
the act was passed
providing for the
consolidation of the
State's interest in
the Troy & Green
field and the Hoosac
Tunnel and connec
ting lines. Mr. Glea
son also drew up the
general corporation
act, which is now on
the statute books.
Upon the expiration
of his term of office
as State treasurer, he
resumed the practice
of law for a time,
and in March, 1887,
was elected treasurer
of the Fitchburg
Railroad Company,
an office which he
still holds. Mr. Gleason has lived in Medford since
1863, and has always been interested in town affairs.
He served on the School Committee from 1864 until
1885 ; was one of the commissioners that built the
water works in 1869, and is still on the board, and has
been a trustee of the savings bank since it was estab
lished in 1869. He was married in 1863 to Miss Annie L.
Hall, of Roxbury. They have five children, the two
eldest sons being in business and the third in college.

THE planting of Lynn in 1629, its interesting colonial life, the establishment there of the first successful iron
works in America in 1643, the development of the town into the greatest producer of women's shoes in the
world, its becoming a city in 1850, are matters each of which could furnish material for a most picturesque illus
trated article. The Lynn of to-day representing this represents so much more of recent development that the figures
which bear witness to the remarkable yet wholesome growth of this city in the last decade are worthy of profound
attention. These figures, moreover, are eloquent and reliable. They are taken from a " Special Bulletin " of
Robert P. Porter, superintendent of census, dated Oct. 12, 1892, giving statistics of manufactures, 1890, for the
city of Lynn, from city reports and from the annual report of the Board of Trade for 1892.
But before devoting the mind to a study of these figures, Lynn Beach and the Lynn Woods claim their due
tribute of historic mention. A brilliant writer says of them,: " It is doubtful if any other tract of forest on this side
the ocean is so rich in associations of this kind — full of the romance of the primitive days of witchcraft and piracy
and of the modern delusion of spirit revelation, together with its interest as the haunt of various peculiar characters,
while the early settlers have left their traces on every hand, both visibly and in the quaint nomenclature of the
region. One must cross to old England, to the haunts of Robin Hood, to Epping Forest, to the New Forest,
and other woodland places of the mother country, for the like of Lynn Woods in these respects."
Lynn has now, in the opinion of those best qualified to judge, a population of over sixty thousand and the
increase is going on at such a phenomenal rate that the day of one hundred thousand cannot be far away. Well
known as Lynn was previous to 1883, especially for its shoe and leather industry, the advent of the electric busi
ness in that year gave it a fresh impetus, brought new life, new blood and new brains, into the community, and
made the city famous all over the world. The great fire, late in 1889, although looked upon at first and for a long
time as a terrible calamity, was really the turning point in the modern history of the city. It brought its people
more closely together, and, as it were, burned out personal selfishness, and out of the ashes and ruins has risen a
fairer and more progressive Lynn. Aside from its three great interests of shoes, leather and electricity, it numbers
to-day scores of others that place it in the very forefront of manufacturing and commercial centres.
The report of the inspector of buildings shows that over one thousand permits for new buildings have been
issued in the city within the year ending Dec. 31, 1892, or more than three for every working day in the year,
including holidays. This, however, is but one indication of Lynn's wonderful growth. Others can be seen or
found on every hand. As a city it has increased in population from 38,274 in 1880 to 55,727 in 1890, or 45.60
per cent. In assessed valuation it has increased from $22,487,864 in 1880, to $40,721,028 in 1890, or 74.14 per
cent. And, as some would claim that the increase in a community's debt is the best indication of its growth, one
has only to consider that the "net debt" of Lynn in 1880 was $2,072,815, and in 1890 it was $2,278,959,01 an
increase of 9.95 per cent. It is probable it would have been very much larger but for the law regulating the bor
rowing limit of municipalities. The increase in population, assessed valuation, etc., has been proportionately greater
since the census of 1890.
In 1880 there were 343 establishments of different kinds, with an aggregate capital of $5,894,575, employing
12,420 hands, paying $5,833,849 in wages and producing goods valued at $26,828,023. In 1890 there were 1,343
establishments, with an aggregate capital of $12,930,755, employing 19,792 hands, paying $11,328,797 in wages and
producing goods valued at $38,310,585. The average annual wages per hand increased from $470 in 1880 to $609
in 1890, or 29.57 per cent.
The Thomson-Houston Electric Company was brought to Lynn late in 1883, and had at that time a capital
of $125,000, and employed less than one hundred hands. It represents to-day in its plant and business something
more than $3,000,000, with a prospect of a very large increase within the next twelve months upon the completion
of what are known as the " New River Works."

540

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

ELIHU BURRITT HAYES, the present mayor of
Lynn, was born in West Lebanon, Me., April 26,
1848. He was educated in the common schools of his
native town and at West Lebanon Academy. At six
teen he taught school for a term in Farmington, N. H.
The following year he came to Lynn and began working
in a shoe factory. With his savings he purchased a
periodical and stationery business, which he continued
successfully for ten years. His health failing, he sold
his store and stock,
reserving the whole
sale agency of daily
and weekly newspa
pers, which he still
retains. He was
soon after engaged
as an editorial writer
upon the Lynn Daily
Bee and Reporter,
and later became a
part owner in these
newspapers. He
disposed of these in
terests to take the
management of the
Boston Daily Adver
tiser and Boston
Record. He con
ducted them success
fully for the year
1884, when a serious
illness obliged him
to resign. Since
then Mr. Hayes has
been interested in
real estate matters,
and in the manage
ment of his news
paper agency. His
public career began
in 1883, as a member of the Lynn Board of Aldermen.
He represented Ward Four and Nahant in the Massa
chusetts Legislatures of 1887, 1888 and 1889. He was
the author of the Australian ballot law, so called, which
was adopted in Massachusetts in 1888, and has since
been adopted in different forms in thirty-five States.
This was accomplished in his first term. The next year
he introduced an amendment to the Massachusetts con
stitution so as to prevent the disfranchisement of voters

ELIHU B. HAYES

because of change of residence from one town or city
to another within the State limits. This amendment
passed through two Legislatures and was adopted by a
very large majority in 1890. The same year he intro
duced a bill to provide a fire-escape, consisting of a
knotted tope attached to the window casings in hotels
and boarding-houses. This has been the means of
saving many lives. In 1889 he introduced and carried
through a bill providing that the State shall give one
hundred dollars'
worth of books to
each town in the
State unprovided
with a public library.
This bill has resulted
in the establishment
of public libraries in
the small towns, until
Massachusetts has
to-day more public
libraries than all
other States of the
LTnion. This law has
been adopted and is
in successful opera
tion in three other
States, and is likely
to become as univer
sally adopted as the
ballot law. Mr.Hayes
has always taken a
very active interest in
public matters, being
prominent in Repub
lican party contests
and management.
He was elected mayor
of Lynn, Dec. 15,
1 89 1, and was inaug
urated Jan. 4, 1892.
He was re-elected in 1892, receiving the largest majority
that any local candidate ever received. For nine years
he has been president of the Board of Trustees of the
Lynn Public Library. In 1873 he married Amy A. Far-
num, of Lynn. They have one child, Eugene, and reside
on New Ocean Street. Those who really know Mayor
Hayes feel that his career has only just begun, for his
energy, firmness of purpose and character, combined
with courtesy, predicate still greater honors.

LYNN.

541

SOME archaeologist has pointed out the curious fact
that there has been more development in the
making of shoes and in the shoe industry during the
last fifty years than in the preceding fifty centuries.
Indeed, among Egyptian pictures antedating Pharaoh,
are representations of shoemakers working with all the
tools and in the same fashion as prevailed at the begin
ning of our new industrial epoch. With this era of
change and growth Lynn has been thoroughly identified
by the enterprise and
intellectual activity
of certain citizens,
and if her trade is
now trodden under
foot by all the west
ern world, she has
to thank a few per
sistent families. A
name hereditarily
honorable in this
story of Massachu
setts enterprise in
shoe manufacturing
is that of Breed, and
Francis W. Breed, of
Lynn, has added to
the family lustre.
He was born in the
year 1846, and re
ceived only a com
mon school educa
tion, which, however,
he has wonderfully
increased by wide
reading. The place
of his first employ
ment was a singularly
responsible position
for a mere boy, since
it was that of teller
in the First National Bank of Lynn. A year later,
when only eighteen, he engaged in the shoe busi
ness, and at twenty-one became a partner with Philip
A. Chase. At twenty-nine, in 1875, he bought the
business and has since continued it alone, increasing
it constantly. He has one large factory situated in
Lynn and two in the country, and the amount of his
production is very large. The extent and consequent
exactingness of his private business, nevertheless, have

FRANCIS W. BREED

not seemed to interfere with his civic and semi-cooper
ative duties, for he is prominent in public and mone
tary affairs, being a director in the Eliot National
Bank of Boston, in the Central Bank of Lynn, in the
Lynn Institution for Savings, in the Boston Chamber of
Commerce, in the Boston Merchants' Association and
in the Home Market Club. In the last two, Mr. Breed
is a member of the Executive Committee. He is also
president of the New England Shoe and Leather Asso
ciation. In addi
tion to a thorough
performance of so
many and so varied
tasks, Air. Breed has
found time for a
number of e x t e n-
sive tours and has
been in every coun
try of Europe and
every State of the
Union. He visited
the Centennial, the
last two Paris and the
Brussels exposi
tions, and was ap
pointed by President
Harrison as Massa
chusetts Commis
sioner to the World's
Columbian Exposi
tion at Chicago. By
the Chicago authori
ties his singular apti
tude for official work
was at once recog
nized and he was
put on prominent
committees, — exec
utive, electoral and
legislative. He was
likewise one of those chosen to interview Congress on
the loan to the Exposition. In obtaining a site for a
shoe and leather building he rendered great service to
the leading industry of his town, visiting Chicago
several times for the purpose. He likewise succeeded
in having the classification arranged so as to put all the
shoe and leather exhibits in this building. Air. Breed
is a Republican in politics, and his name has often been
mentioned for a high position in the gift of his party.

542

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

THE motive power of the present century has been
chiefly steam, but now the more mysterious force,
electricity, is gradually superseding that cruder chari
oteer of the car of progress. Among the electricians of
the world none merits more attention than the famous
" wizard of Swampscott." Elihu Thomson was born in
Alanchester, England, March 29, 1853. His parents
settled in Philadelphia when Elihu was five years old.
The boy entered school at seven, at eleven was ready
for the high school,
but, the limit being
thirteen, was denied
admission. During
this enforced idle
ness of the boy the
career of the man
began. A book tell
ing how to make an
electric machine fell
into his hands. With
a wine bottle for a
cylinder, he soon had
one in operation, and
began experiment
ing. He followed
this vvith more scien
tific appliances, and
among other things
made a Alorse tele
graph circuit, and
used wrapping cord
for the insulation,
never having seen an
insulated wire. Soon
after graduation from
the high school he
became an assistant
there, and when only
twenty-three was
made full professor
of chemistry and physics. Here he formed that scien
tific fraternity with Professor Houston, now known to
fame as the Thomson-Houston Electric Company. In
1878 Elihu Thomson visited the Paris Exposition. The
fruits of his study there were many new patents. Next
came the formation of a company, The American Elec
tric, with headquarters at New Britain. Then Elihu
Thomson resigned his professorships and became at a
bound a practical electrician, and in 1883 the transfer

ELIHU THOMSON

to Lynn took place. The vastness of this business
evolution almost rises into the realm of imagination,
since it now represents the practical application of over
three hundred patents, for the work of this man, who
is only forty, has covered the widest possible range of
electrical engineering, and has necessitated thousands
of experiments in new fields. Many of his inventions,
or perhaps original discoveries were the truer term,
have gone into extensive use, and his high originality
has been appreci
ated by the world.
In 1889 he was
elected president of
the American Insti-
tute of Electrical
Engineers, and rep
resented that body
in London at the
British and American
Congress. France
decorated him that
same year with the
ribbon of the Legion
of Honor, and the
grand prize for in
vention was awarded
to him at the Paris
Exposition. Yale, in
1890, made h i m
M. A., and the Elec
tric Aletre Competi
tion of Paris divided
its first prize between
him and Dr. Aeon.
Professor Thomson
gave his share, five
thousand francs, to
wards a new com
petition. Such is
the variety of Pro
fessor Thomson's achievements that a mere list would
consume pages. One of the most striking is a simple
apparatus, recently built on principles discovered by
himself. This yields the longest electric sparks ever
obtained, closely resembling flashes of lightning five feet
long. The recent consolidation of the Edison with the
Thomson-Houston Company, as the General Electric,
has increased this giant industry. Professor Thomson in
1884 married Miss Mary L. Peck, and has three sons.

LYNN.

543

HENRY A. PEVEAR, of Lynn, who has been the
president of the Thomson-Houston Company
since its inception, bears also the distinction, in con
junction with his brother, of being the oldest morocco
manufacturer in that city. His father, Burnam Pevear,
learned his business in Exeter, N. H., and moved his
family to Lynn in 1838, his son, Henry A., having
been born Sept. 13, 1829, at Tewksbury, Mass. From
the father both sons acquired a practical knowledge of
their trade, and soon
after, 1847, they be
gan manufacturing
morocco on their
own account. The
firm was originally
Roberts, Pevear &
Co., but Mr. Roberts
withdrew, and the
new firm soon took
that leading place in
the business which
they have since held,
though this original
firm, in 1883, divided
into two firms. Their
first factory was on
Monroe Street, in
Lynn, and in 1858
they opened a Bos
ton store at 67 and
69 Kilby Street, be
ing the first morocco
house in Lynn to
take that strong step
forward. In the year
1859 they employed
only thirty-two per
sons, but had many
skins finished in other
shops, their manu
facture that year being 103,000 goat skins, and their
sales in Boston, including sumac and patent leather,
reaching the satisfactory figures of $96,000. About the
beginning of the Civil War the firm began to import
South American goat skins, especially Paytas, and their
operations rose so quickly that they soon reached the
million mark, and, when the government assessed in
comes, this house paid the government the largest
personal tax of the morocco business in Massachusetts.

HENRY A. PEVEAR.

In 1864 they built a large factory on Boston Street in
Lynn. The year 1883 beheld a dissolution of this old
firm, or transmutation into two new ones, — Pevear &
Co., that is, G. K. Pevear and his sons, taking the old
factory, the Boston store at 83 High Street and the
South American business. The firm of Henry A.
Pevear & Sons — Frederick S. and William A. — took
possession at this time of the new factory on Boston
Street, a building 50 x 200, of five stories, brick and
wood, with coloring
house, engines and
storerooms separate.
This factory stands
on the spot where
the celebrated Lynn
hermit, George Gray,
lived and died. To
commemorate this
singular fact, and to
preserve the land
mark, they have
named their product
"Hermit Kid."
They have a Boston
store at 61 High
Street. The broth
ers of the original
firm have always held
the land at the cor
ner of Munroe and
Washington streets,
in Lynn, where their
first factory stood,
and early in 1892
they built on it the
largest block in Es
sex County, a five-
story structure, thor
oughly modern and
containing 100,000
feet of floor space. About forty years ago they built
a handsome double residence on Washington Street,
near the swamp of the Johnson estate. Now this build
ing is surrounded by homes of wealth, and there are no
signs left of the swamp, where half a century ago the
frogs held concert. Henry A. Pevear has not figured
in public life very much, preferring to confine himself
to home, church and business duties ; but his opin
ions in city affairs are naturally sought very often.

544

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

PERHAPS no man could have been selected by a
jury of his peers more truly representative of
Massachusetts, in a quiet way, than Arthur F. Smith, of
Lynn. He was born, Jan. 6, 1835, in that part of
Danvers which is now West Peabody, one of ten chil
dren, most of whom reached maturity. Like all the
sturdy stock of New England, he went to school and in
the intervals worked on the farm. In the intervals
offering he learned shoemaking, and when twenty was
running a stitching
machine. On the
attainment of his
majority, 1856, he
went to Lynn and
started a small stitch
ing shop on Market
Street, employing
about twenty hands.
In two years, with
his brother, T. E.
Smith, he took the
Micajah Pratt Works
and employed about
sixty girls. This
shop was the first
one in the country
ever fitted up with
steam power for run
ning stitching m a-
chines. In about
six years Mr. Smith
began the manufac
turing of the fi n-
ished product, and
the Smith shoes very
soon walked to the
front in a business
way. He took in
as a pa r t n e r his
brother, J. N., and
five years later their business had so expanded that they
built a factory on Oxford Street. Soon after this ex
pansion, the result of so many years of patience, pru
dence and persistence, occurred the great fire of Boston,
and that colossal catastrophe came near involving Air.
Smith, like many others outside of Boston ; for all his
customers, with one exception, failed. During the three
following years Mr. Smith confined himself to a retail
trade, and he still retains that kind of business in part,

ARTHUR F SMITH

doing a Western retail and a New England jobbing
trade. For nearly eighteen years he has been located
near the City Hall, where his business building, two
hundred and ten feet by sixty, and four stories high,
is situated. Severely simple, externally, and a model
of comfort and elegance within, this edifice stands by
itself, with no ornamentation save the plain gold letters,
A. F. Smith, above its door. It is worthy of note, as a
slight index to the thoroughness of Mr. Smith's nature,
that insurance folks
consider this the
ideal shoe factory.
But Mr. Smith's
chief claim, perhaps,
on the at ten tion
of the business world
is his inventive
faculty, and one of
the most valuable
results of this gift is
is the Smith Shav
ing Machine, which
is now in use abroad
as well as all over the
United States. The
machine whose place
Air. Smith's inven
tion took, shaved
the heel of the shoe,
but did not finish it,
and about eight
years ago, after many
experiments, Mr.
Smith patented a
machine with both
these functions. The
personal life of Mr.
Smith has been very
quiet. Republican
in politics, he has
always avoided the temptations of office. Married
years ago to Miss Helen AL White, of Lynn, he was
bereaved of her companionship ten years ago and left
with one child. In due course of time he was married
again to her sister, Aliss Martha A. White, with whom
he lives in a home marked with quiet elegance and
unostentatious hospitality. Though of a retiring dispo
sition, Arthur F. Smith has made many friends and held
them through his life by constant kindness and courtesy.

I YNN.

545

BUSINESS and belles-lettres do not often go hand in
hand. The world, however, has taken account of
Samuel Rogers, the banker-poet of England in the past,
and of Edmund Clarence Stedman, the poet and banker
of our time. Not many people have heard of Eugene
Barry, though his name often appears in periodicals
appended to verse which would have done credit to
Samuel Rogers and of which even Stedman need not be
ashamed. Yet Eugene Barry is known to most of his
townsmen and friends
simply as a very suc
cessful manufacturer
of morocco, for in
his modesty he has
not yet gathered up
his vagrant verses
into a book, and cast
them on the waters
of the world. He
was born in Lynn,
Oct. 12, 1843, his
father, Darius Barry,
being then a promi
nent morocco manu
facturer. There the
son attended the
public schools until
185 1, when the father
moved his family
and business to Til-
ton, N. H. While in
New Hampshire the
boy worked part of
his time in the
morocco factory and
after the return of
the family to Lynn,
in 1857, he contin
ued working in the
intervals of attend
ance at school. Despite such double duty, Eugene
Barry, in 1 861, at the age of eighteen, graduated at the
Lynn High School with great credit, the valedictorian
of his class. He at once went to work in the morocco
trade as a foreman, and soon then became a salesman,
the thorough knowledge acquired step by step as a boy
proving of constantly increasing advantage to himself
and others. In 1867 he became a partner of Charles G.
Clark, and five years later began business alone.

EUGENE BARRY.

Through the long depression following the panic of
1873 he gained slowly but steadily by that patience
and prudence which finally compel into their service all
the deities ; for, as a famous poet remarked about nine
teen hundred years ago : Nullum Numen abest, si sit
Prudentia prasens. The many changes, almost revolu
tions, in tanning methods since 1873, from sumac tan
nages to those of gambier, alum, oil, and later of
chemicals, exclusively, have demanded the utmost skill
and the closest atten
tion, but through all
these changes Mr.
Barry has succeeded
in achieving excel
lence, and his fine
grades in morocco
and kid stock have
gained for his goods
a high reputation.
Taking deep interest
in public affairs, he
has not sought pre
ferment, and, saving
a directorship for
many years in the
First National Bank
of Lynn and a two
years' presidency of
the Oxford Club, he
has not held office.
As a poet Eugene
Barry is far above
mediocrity. His ode
for the dedication of
the new high school
of Lynn is full of
fine feeling straight
forwardly expressed.
His " Bayberry Leaf,"
a tristful theme that
rises into trust, has a certain classic simplicity, and a
humorous rhyme called a " Classic Idyl," though lack
ing technique in parts, is very pleasant. " At the
Palmer House, Chicago," which appeared in the Boston
Transcript, is a bit of blank verse not unworthy of
Cowper. Others of his poems are equally good, and
some time a modest little book containing them would be
worth having. It is pleasant to find a man like Mr. Barry,
amid business cares remembering the eternal verities.

546

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY,

WHEN the son of an evicted Irish farmer becomes
one of the most active men in a thriving city
likeLynn, such a fact implies character. In the same
county where Patrick Collins first saw the light, the
famous county of Cork, and in the parish of Carrigtwo-
hill, on F'eb. 2, 1859, was born Richard Nagle, now the
president of the Consolidated Adjustable Shoe Company
of Lynn. In 1873 his father, driven to America by
oppression, settled in Salem, and Richard, the oldest,
went to work in a
cotton mill, be
ginning with the
wretched salary of
$1.80 per we e k.
There he worked
three years, but find
ing no opportunity
for education he
sought a position in
the store of Almy,
Bigelow & Webber.
There also he stayed
for three years, study
ing hard in his spare
time. Then he be
gan to learn that part
of the shoe business
known as lasting, and
in 1885 this ambi
tious young Irish-
American began
manufacturing shoes
at Salem under the
firm name of Nagle
& Condon. He re
mained in this firm
two years and in
1886 was a common
councilman and a
member of the Board
of Health. In the latter part of this year he went to
Lynn and took charge of a Co-operative Shoe Company,
having been interested ever since he began to think in
the principle of co-operation as applied to modern
industry. After a while the Taylor Adjustable Shoe
attracted his attention, and early in 1887 he with others
formed what is now known as the Consolidated Adjusta
ble Shoe Company. This large concern began quite
small, but every year demonstrated the administrative

RICHARD NAGLE

capacity of its president, Mr. Nagle, who in 1890
secured a patent on an adjustable shoe that retained all
the valuable features of the Taylor and did away with
the others. The Taylor, for instance, had a piece of
exposed rubber inserted at each side of the ball, but in
the Perfection Adjustable Shoe invented by Mr. Nagle
this rubber is covered and the shoe thus rendered far
more lasting. This is patented in Great Britain and
Ireland as well as America. Mr. Nagle has also patented
a plant to go on a
lasting- jack, and has
recently filed an ap
plication for an im
proved metallic but-
ton-f a s t e n e r, an
invention that ladies
will appreciate.
Such is the activity
of Mr. Nagle's busi
ness life. His home
life was overshad
owed by the death, on
June 17, 1892, of his
wife, who left him
one child. His pub
lic life in Lynn
promises a success
not unlike that of his
business career. In
1 89 1 he was nomi
nated for alderman
on the workingmen's
ticket which, con
sidering his short
residence in the
city, betokened his
growth in popular
esteem, and consid
ering that among
thirty candidates he
ranked thirteenth, his political beginning may be reck
oned rather remarkable. Yet is it remarkable, when we
review his life, and see how this Irish lad, Richard
Nagle, has secured a home for his aged parents and
himself, has built up a prosperous business, has added
to the comfort of mankind by his inventions, and has
become a representative citizen of the great State of
Alassachusetts. To the land that has sent us so much
good material for citizens let us give full credit.

LYNN.

547

WILLIAM G. S. KEENE.

NO account of Lynn could be complete without a
few points from the life of William G. S. Keene,
a man whose penetrative mind and strong, though never
super-assertive, personality, would have made him the
mark of a good deal of public attention, had he lived in
a much larger sphere of civic activity. For, not merely
wherever the trade of Lynn spreads the name of Keene
goes likewise, but in all the local improvements, in the
development of Lynn into a great civilized home as well
as a vast workshop, the Keenes for several generations
have played their part — an increasingly large part —
with unfailing and well-deserved success. William G.
S. Keene, who was born in Lynn, June io, 1843, was
the son of George W. and Mary A. (Breed) Keene.
He came from old Quaker stock on both sides, and his
maternal ancestry traces back to one of Lynn's first
settlers. It is worthy of remembrance in connection
with his Quaker ancestry, that Lynn once contained
more Quakers than even Philadelphia. Mr. Keene's
mother was a daughter of the Hon. Isaiah Breed, a well-
known shoe manufacturer, whose tireless enterprise
rendered him a figure of more than local importance.
Isaiah was a long time the president of the Lynn
Alechanics' Bank, and one of the leading directors of
the Eastern Railroad. The father of W. G. S. Keene
was likewise a shoe manufacturer and, as a natural mat
ter of hereditary bent and aptitude, it was to be expected
that when his sons, W. G. S. and F. Keene, succeeded
to the business under the firm name of Keene Brothers,
they would continue it with the energy and talent that

solidify past successes and pave the way for fresh
achievement. The career of W. G. S. Keene has been
closely identified with the material and intellectual
development of his native city, and perhaps the move
ments of the very house where he was born illustrate
Lynn's growth as well as anything else. This house
originally stood on or near the corner of Exchange and
Union streets. But the pressure of business caused
Mr. Keene, Sr., to move it to the corner of Willow and
Oxford. In its place he built a brick business block,
ornamental as well as commodious. The house was
removed again to the western part of Franklin Street
(where it now stands), and in its stead another brick
block was erected, the beginning of a series built
on Willow Street by this progressive family. Many
wondered at this block on Willow Street, and were
tempted to think that its builders must be blockheads,
for the business tendency then seemed toward the
central station, and the new block was at least one
thousand feet away, and away from every kind of busi
ness. But now, within a radius of five hundred feet,
there are twenty- two brick blocks, nearly all from four
to six stories. To those who have accused W. G. S.
Keene of being a business visionary, this fact ought to
demonstrate his foresight. But perhaps they call it his
good luck, for to some minds every Columbus is a vis
ionary till he has found his San Salvador, and often
after his discovery, is still reckoned merely an inspired
blunderer. Mr. Keene married Miss Fanny Gerry, of
Lynn. His home is very attractive.

THE pretty and enterprising town of Westfield entered upon the Columbian year with two marks of distinction.
The first was that of being the largest town in Hampden County ; the second, that it is the largest whip
manufacturing community in the world. Both have their value and both go to increase the fame of the town,
which is everywhere known as the " Whip City."
Westfield was settled some time previous to the year 1641, although there appears to be a considerable
difference of authorities on this point, and various dates, embracing the years between 1641 and 1662, are sup
ported by various arguments, as the correct time of settlement. Legendary history says that it was the former
date, and that a colony of adventurers from Connecticut were the earliest settlers, and adds that they conceded
the territory to Massachusetts in 1649. Sut the first really authenticated settlement occurred in 1658, at which
time a grant of land was made to Thomas Cooper, and this was followed two years later by another grant to Deacon
Chapman. In 1661 a permanent settlement was effected and a trading post established, Captain John Pynchon, of
Springfield, being granted a monopoly of the fur trade of the new settlement by the General Court. The fur
trade in those days was a very lucrative one, and even a century later one of the vastest fortunes now menacing
the stability of this Republic, that of the Astors, had its foundation laid by dealing in the skins of beasts. The
early inhabitants of Westfield, besides their peltries, also did a large business in the gathering of turpentine, and
grants of land were often made for that purpose.
At this early day the town was known by the Indian name of Woronoco, but as the time for incorporation
drew near, the residents decided to change it. Among the titles suggested was Streamfield, on account of the
fact that the town was located between two streams, — the Westfield and Little rivers of the present day. This
name was not selected, however, but Westfield was chosen instead, because the town was almost directly west of
Boston, and was at that time the most westerly town in New England.
The Westfield of to-day is beautifully situated, geographically, and could hardly be better located for pur
poses of trade. The site of the town is a level, sandy tract, — the bed of an early lake, — and is on the direct
line of the Boston & Albany Railroad, the New Haven & Northampton Railroad and the Holyoke & Westfield
road. Two rivers run through the town, the Westfield dividing the village almost into two equal parts. Around
the northern and western boundaries of the town stretch a line of low hills, the highest of which is Mount Tekoa,
a pretty elevation from which a very fine view of the surrounding country may be had. The town is a capital
place for residential purposes, the streets being broad, well shaded by magnificent trees, and lighted at night by
electric lights. Many elegant houses grace the streets, while Park Square, a beautiful green in the centre of the
town, with its pretty soldiers' monument, adds not a little to the attractiveness of the place.
The chief business, as has been stated, of the town, lies in the manufacture of whips, although the making
of cigars forms a large part of the town's industrial life. Other important industries are the manufacture of paper,
organs, machinery, undertakers' supplies, thread and heating apparatus. The town has two national banks with
an aggregate capital of four hundred thousand dollars, and two savings banks.
A thing in which this town especially glories is her educational eminence. Her institutions of learning
are well known. The principal of these is the State Normal School, which in the year 1890 moved into a new
and elegant building. This school, which was the second chartered by the State, was originally located at Barre,
but was removed to Westfield in 1844. Designed to educate young men and women as teachers, it has been very
successful in its field, especially of late years, and the teachers drilled in Westfield have always reflected credit
on their alma mater. The Westfield Athenaeum is another institution in which the town takes particular pride.
The Athenaeum was incorporated in 1864 for the purpose of maintaining a library and reading room. The former
now has about eleven thousand volumes. The public schools of the city include high, grammar and primary
institutions.

WESTFIELD.

549

JAMES C. GREENOUGH, eminent as a teacher,
was born in Wendell, Mass., Aug. 15, 1829. In
i860 he married Jeanie Ashley, daughter of Hon.
William G. Bates, of Westfield, by whom he had four
children ; three of these are living. One of Mr. Green-
ough's ancestors was a member of the committee of
safety that provided for the defence of Boston at the
outbreak of the Revolutionary War. Rev. William
Greenough, for fifty years pastor in Newton, Mass., was
Mr. Greenough's
grandfather, and
Ralph Waldo Emer
son was his kinsman.
The boyhood of Mr.
Greenough was main
ly spent on a farm
in Wendell and in
Deerfield, in which
places he attended
school, and also in
Portland, Me. In
the spring of 1854 he
entered Westfield
Normal School, but
in the autumn taught
a select school in
Heath, and the Bea
con Street Grammar
School in Glouces
ter during the win
ter. He became
principal of the high
and grammar schools
in Rockport in 1855,
and was called from
thence to take charge
of the Hacker Gram
mar School in Salem,
early in 1856. In
September, 1856, Mr.
Greenough was appointed first assistant in the Westfield
Normal School and held the position for fifteen years,
being absent one year only in order to complete his
four years' college course at Williams College. In
1869 he declined to accept the position of principal of
the normal school of Connecticut, and in 1871 a similar
position in the State Normal School at Emporia, Kansas,
to which he had been unanimously elected. Accept
ing the principalship of the Rhode Island State Normal

JAMES C. GREENOUGH

School, he opened the school in Providence in Septem
ber, 187 1, and for twelve years conducted it with marked
success. The school rapidly rose to the first rank.
Brown University conferred upon him an honorary
degree, and he was enrolled in its Phi Beta Kappa
chapter, and made one of the examining board of the
college. During this period he had a full share of public
educational work, as a writer and lecturer. He was one
of the four who, as teachers, inaugurated the Teachers'
School of Natural
Science in Boston, in
1871. While in
Rhode Island he
declined the presi
dency of Illinois Col
lege and the unani
mous call of the
School Committee of
Boston to the posi
tion of supervisor of
schools. In 1883 he
became president
of the Massachusetts
Agricultural College
at Amherst, and for
three years directed
the policy of the col
lege, improving its
financial condition,
erecting admirable
buildings, making
important changes in
its course of study
and in its educational
appliances, and
securing for the col
lege a generous ap
preciation by the
people of the State
On Feb. 4, 1887
he entered upon his duties as principal of the Westfield
State Normal School. During his administration the
commodious boarding hall has been much improved,
important changes have been made in the course of
study, the standard of scholarship has been raised, a
kindergarten and training school of several grades has
been added, and a school building costing, including
the site, $150,000 has been erected. The school's
previous high reputation has been welLmaintained.

55o

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

JOHN HOYT LOCKWOOD was born in Troy,
N. Y., Jan. 17, 1848, and resided in that city with
his parents, Charles N. and Mary Elizabeth (Frye)
Lockwood until his sixteenth year, during this time
attending the public schools and Troy Academy, a
private institution, in which he fitted for college. He
entered Williams College at the age of sixteen, in the
class of 1868, graduating with the degree of A. B.,
besides winning the degree of A. M. by a three years'
course in the study
of literature. Upon
admission to c o 1 -
lege he was elected
to membership in the
Kappa Alpha Frater
nity, the oldest Greek
letter society in the
LTnited States, of
which he has been
ever since an enthu-
s i a s t i c member.
After the completion
of his course at Wil
liams, he enrolled
himself, in the fall of
1868, as a student
in Princeton Theo
logical Seminary,
graduating in the
class of 1871. He
was licensed to
preach by the Pres
bytery of New York,
in the spring of 1870,
and spent that sum
mer in Southern
Minnesota, doing
home missionary
work. During his
work there he organ
ized a Presbyterian church in the town of Wells. Imme
diately after graduating he was called to the pastorate
of the Reformed Church in Canastota, N. Y., and begun
work there Sept. 1. He was ordained and installed by
the classis of Cayuga, N. X ., Nov. 15, 1 871, remaining
there until May, 1873, when he was called to the pasto
rate of the New England Congregational Church in
Brooklyn, N. Y. He remained in charge of the Brook
lyn church until Jan i, 1879. In April of that year he

JOHN H. LOCKWOOD

accepted the call of the First Congregational Society of
Westfield, and was installed as pastor of the church
May 14 of the same year. During his pastorate, which
continues at this writing, the church has enjoyed a
healthy and steady growth, and is one of the leading
churches of the denomination in this section of the
State. Rev. Mr. Lockwood is a preacher of ability, and
delivers his messages fluently and forcibly. He is also
deeply interested in matters local, benevolent and
missionary, and has
an attractive person
ality that greatly aids
in drawing people
into his fold. In
1879 the church cel
ebrated its bicenten
nial, and Rev. Mr.
Lockwood preached
the historical sermon,
which was afterward
printed in book form.
He is also very pop
ular among his fellow-
workers- in the church
and in 1888 was
chosen president of
the Connecticut
Valley Congrega
tional Club, an or
ganization composed
of the leading Con
gregational clergy
men and laymen of
the valley. Outside
of his pastoral duties
he is largely inter
ested in educational
matters. He has
served a three years'
term as alumni vis
itor at Williams College, is an active member of the
Westfield School Committee, a trustee of the Westfield
.Athenaeum and of the academy fund. Rev. Mr. Lock-
wood is married, his wife being Sarah L., daughter of
Dr. Ezra P. and Sarah Al. Bennett, of Danbury, Conn.,
to whom he was united July 19, 187 1. Mr. and Mrs.
Lockwood have three children : William A., who is now
a student at Williams College, Annie E. and Lucy
B. Pock wood.

WESTFIELD.

551

HOMER BEMIS STEVENS, well known as a lawyer
of ability, was born in the town of Norwich, now
Huntington, Mass., Sept. 9, 1835. His parents were
Washington and Ruth Simons (Bemis) Stevens, his
father being a farmer in that mountain district. Homer
Bemis Stevens spent his boyhood on the farm, attending
the public schools, from which he obtained his early
education. Having completed his course in the schools
of the town, he began to teach in them at the age of
fifteen, meanwhile
preparing himself for
a higher education.
With this purpose in
view, he entered
Williston Seminary,
at Easthampton,
Mass., where he de
voted his every en
ergy in fitting him
self for entrance at
Williams College.
He entered this lat
ter institution in
i853> graduating
four years later, the
salutatorian of his
class. Judge Stevens
began the study of
law immediately after
leaving college, and
was admitted to the
bar of this State in
February, 1859, hav
ing in the meantime
served a term as
principal of the
Westfield High
School, and for a
short time as teacher
in the old Westfield
Academy, to pay in part the expenses of his education.
After his admission to the bar he practised his profes
sion in Boston for a few months, but gave up his resi
dence there and moved to Westfield, where he formed
a law partnership with the Hon. E. B. GiUett, under the
title of GiUett & Stevens. Judge Stevens has lived in
Westfield for thirty-five years, and for twenty-five re
tained these relations with Mr. GiUett. When the Dis
trict Court of Western Hampden was established, in

1886, he was appointed justice by the governor, and has
held the office since that time, the term being for life.
Judge Stevens, in his political faith, is Republican to
the backbone, and although he has never held any office
he has done valiant work for the party of his affiliation.
He has never cared for political honors, being too much
devoted to, and too busy with, his law practice to seek
them, although he might have had them had he
so desired. He was debarred from enlisting in the
Federal army during
the late war on ac-
¦ count of a lameness
with which he has
been afflicted since
childhood. Judge
St evens' s only
brother was killed
while fighting for the
flag. Even with all
of the labor incident
to a large legal prac
tice, Judge Stevens
has found some time
to devote to other
objects, such as cul
tivating his love of
musi c, and inci
dentally leading a
choir for twenty-five
years. He has also
done something in a
literary line, although
he has never" written
any books. He is
an ardent admirer of
the game of chess,
and spends many a
pleasant evening in
studying the differ
ent positions of the
queens, rooks and bishops. Judge Stevens takes more
than the ordinary amount of pleasure and comfort out
of his home life. He married Alariette, daughter of
Moses and Juvenilia Hannum, April 10, 1861. They
have an adopted child, Bella Horton Stevens. No man
in Westfield stands higher in the estimation of his fellow-
citizens than Judge Stevens. He is appreciated for
his genial and sociable nature as well as for his many
attainments of an intellectual character,

HOMER B. STEVENS.

552

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

ARTHUR S. KNEIL, the son of Thomas and Mary
(Bush) Kneil, was born in Westfield, May 6,
1 86 1, and has been a resident of that town since that
period except during the time spent at school away
from home. Mr. Kneil is a lawyer by profession and,
although one of the younger members of the Hampden
County bar, he has already built up a considerable
practice in his own town and is reckoned an advocate
and counsellor of more than ordinary ability. His
earlier school-days
were spent within
the confines of the
public schools of his
native town, where
he fitted himself for
college. Graduating
from these, he en
tered Wesleyan Uni
versity at Aliddle-
town, Conn., in the
class of 1883. While
a student in the uni
versity he became a
member of the Psi
U" p s i 1 o n Fraternity.
Graduating from
Wesleyan, he entered
upon a course of
study in the Boston
University School of
Law and graduated
from that institution
in 1885 with the de
gree of magna cum
laude to his credit.
He began the prac
tice of his profession
during the following
year, opening an of
fice in Westfield,
where he has practised continuously ever since. Mr.
Kneil is also a member of the Suffolk County bar, and is
the attorney for the town of Westfield. From 1886 to
1 89 1, inclusive, he was clerk in the District Court of
Western Hampden. While his practice occupies the
greater part of his time, Mr. Kneil finds opportunity to
devote some of his energies to other matters, and
appears to be as successful in the civil walks of life as in
his profession. Among other offices that he holds is

the vice-presidency of the Business Men's Association
of Westfield, an organization having on its roll of mem
bership nearly all of the leading citizens of the town. He
is also the clerk of the Pine Hill Cemetery Association,
a corporation existing in Westfield. Mr. Kneil is un
married and is one of the leaders of society in the
town, a master-spirit of geniality in all social enter
tainments. Mr. Kneil's executive ability has nowhere
been more manifest than in his work as a member of
the Republican Town
Committee of West-
field. He was elected
chairman of that
body in 1889 and
has held the office
since that time, con
ducting the work in
a manner which
was creditable
to himself and in a
way that brought out
the best results for
the party, of which
he is a leading expo
nent in Western
Alassachusetts. His
work has been par
ticularly productive
where the town elec
tions were concerned,
and it proves him to
be a man of ready
resources and sound
judgment. These
native abilities
brought to ripeness
by indefatigable work
have obtained recog
nition at the hands
of his party, and in
1892 he was honored by an election to the lower branch
of the State Legislature, receiving a majority that im
plied more than mere success at the polls. Although a
new member of the Legislature, Air. Kneil fared very
well when the committees were appointed, and positions
on the Judiciary and on the Committee on Rules and
also Constitutional Amendments were assigned to him,
his ability being recognized by his party associates, and
by the speaker.

ARTHUR S. KNEIL

WESTFIELD.

553

F"

JOHN W. COLTON was born in 1832 in that part
of West Springfield, Mass., which is now known
as Agawam. His father, Ebenezer Colton, came from
Longmeadow. His mother was Cynthia Whitman, only
daughter of the late Elder Jesse Whitman, of Agawam,
who was the first Baptist minister in that town, and was,
indeed, during his lifetime the village pastor. Mr. Col
ton was married to Albina S. Ball, daughter of William
Ball, of Chicopee, Mass., in 1862. They have two chil
dren living, William
B., now seeking
health in California,
and Mrs. W. I. Bar
ton, of Westfield.
Mr. Colton was edu
cated in the public
schools of West
Springfield Center,
in private schools in
Springfield, and later
took a course of
study in the Sheffield
Scientific School of
Yale University.
Pursuant to a long-
cherished wish, he
engaged in the drug
business with the
old established firm
of H. & J. Brewer
in Springfield, and
was their first sala
ried clerk. He re
mained with them
for six years, resign
ing to take a posi
tion with W. H.
Schieffelin & Co., of
New York City, with
whom he remained
until his health failed from a too close devotion to
business. Recovering, he located in Westfield and
bought a drug store, and very soon became one of the
leading druggists of the town. Mr. Colton is a Demo
crat, and has never sought political office, but in 1881
he was elected to the Massachusetts House of Repre
sentatives, and was re-elected to that body the following
year, receiving nearly four fifths of the entire vote cast.
During his first term he was a member of the House

JOHN W. COLTON.

Standing Committee on County Estimates, and in 1882
was on the Joint Committee on Banks and Banking.
He was also elected to membership in the town School
Committee, even after refusing the nomination, but was
unable to attend to the duties because of his business,
and consequently declined to serve. He is a trustee
and vice-president of the Westfield Savings Bank, a
director of the Westfield Athenaeum, and was the first
vice-president of the Bay State Beneficiary Association.
Mr. Colton is engaged
in the manufacture of
Colton's Select Fla
vors, goods that have
secured on their mer
its a national reputa
tion. They are the
results of long study
and experience. For
over twenty-five
years he followed the
drug business, the
latter half of the
time expending
much of his energy
on the development
of his flavoring ex
tract trade. He re
tired from the drug
business about five
years ago, to devote
himself to the manu
facture of his flavors
and specialties.
These extracts are of
a very high quality,
perfectly pure, and
of great strength.
The business grew
rather slowly at first,
but Mr. Colton ob
tained such strong indorsement from leading citizens,
dealers and others, that his trade began to spread in all
directions, until to-day there is hardly a State in the
Union where his flavors are not known. A large num
ber of Mr. Colton's orders are received through the
mails, and agencies have been solicited and established
as far away as Australia, South Africa and Japan, while
salesmen are now kept continually on the road in this
country and abroad.

554

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

M1

TLTON BURRALL WHITNEY, the son of
Samuel Hart and Marilla Lovisa (Dickinson)
Whitney, was born in Granville, Hampden County,
Mass., Oct. 6, 1825, being a direct descendant of Henry
Whitney, who emigrated from England and settled on
the easterly end of Long Island about 1649. Milton
Burrall received his early education in the public schools
of his native town and later in the classical school of
Rev. Timothy M. Cooley, D. D., in which he fitted for
college. He entered
Williams as a sopho
more, and graduated
in 1849, being as
signed to deliver the
classical oration, one
of the highest hon
ors in the college.
For two years after
h i s graduation h e
taught school, and
went to Westfield,
where he read law
in the office of
Hon. William G.
Bates. He was ad
mitted to the bar in
1853, and has re
sided in Westfield
ever since, and has
had a large, varied
and successful legal
practice. He prac
tised as a partner
with Air. Bates, and
the two continued
their joint practice
until 1865, after
which he was alone
until 1874, when the
firm of Whitney &
Dunbar was formed, James R. Dunbar being the junior
partner. This partnership lasted until the latter was
appointed an associate justice of the Superior Court, in
1887. From 1887 until 1892 he was senior partner in
the firm of Whitney & Brigham. Mr. Whitney was
also a trial justice from 1858 to 1865, at which time he
resigned. Air. Whitney's early political affiliations were
with the Whig party, but he has been a Republican
since the formation of that party, though latterly his

MILTON B.

action has been rather independent. He has been
often honored by political preferment. Among other
public positions which he has held was that of State
senator from the Second Hampden District in 1862-63.
During his senatorship he was chairman of the commit
tees on Public Lands, on Federal Relations, and of the
special committee on the Concord and Sudbury rivers,
besides being a member of other important commit
tees, including the Judiciary. In 1868 he was chosen a
presidential elector,
and was a delegate
to the National Con-
vention that nomi
nated Garfield in
1880. Along the
civil walks of life,
also, he has filled
many important and
honorable positions.
He was appointed a
a member of the
State Board of Edu
cation in 1 88 1 and
re-appointed in
1889 for a second
term of eight years.
He was chosen a
fellow in the Ameri-
c a n Geographical
Society in 1890, and
in January, 1892, was
elected a councillor
of the American In
stitute of Civics, a
national institution
incorporated under
the laws of Congress.
He has been deeply
interested in the
Westfield Athenaeum,
and an active member of its Library Committee ever
since its organization in 1864, and was elected its presi
dent for 1893, besides being a trustee of the Westfield
Savings Bank since 1857, a director of the old Westfield
bank and a director of the First National Bank since
1865 and its president since 1881. Mr. Whitney is a
trustee and director of other local institutions, and has
always been an earnest advocate of all measures tending
to promote the best interests of Westfield.

mBmmmgmma
WHITNEY.

WESTFIELD.

555

IRA MILLER, president of the American Whip Com
pany, the largest whip manufacturing establishment
in the world, and the pioneer in the modern style of
whip-making, was born in Cadiz, Trigg County, Ky.,
April 22, 1848. His parents were James Quinn and
Susan Raglan Miller, his father being a prominent mer
chant in that State. Their home was directly in the
path of the marching armies during the Civil War, and,
as may be readily inferred, the elder Miller's business
was sadly interfered
with, while the young
man's school-days
were brought to an
abrupt termination.
After the close of the
war the elder Miller
moved to Evansville,
Ind., where he estab
lished himself in the
wholesale dry goods
business. But the
son's tastes did not
run in this direction,
and, preferring the
manufacturing of
goods to the jobbing
of them, he engaged
in the saddlery busi
ness, in which he re
mained for twenty
years, or until 1887,
when he began the
manufacture of
whips. Ira Miller's
first mercantile ex
perience was with the
firm of Topf, Long
& Co., wholesale sad
dle manufacturers of
Evansville, into
whose employ he entered in 1867. Three years later
he removed to Louisville, Ky., to travel for J. W. Morrill
& Co. He became identified with the well-known firm
of C. B. Smith & Co., of New York City, and while in
their employ visited Europe, Central and South Amer
ica, the West Indies, Mexico and nearly all the States
of the Union. During his travels he made many and
lasting business friends, and the work done then has
been of great assistance to him in his present business.

IRA MILLER

So zealously and successfully did he work for Messrs.
Smith & Co. that he was taken into partnership, and
remained in New York City until 1887. In 1886 he
purchased some of the stock of the American Whip
Company, and was elected president of the corporation
in r888. The company was founded in 1822 and in
corporated in 1855. It has always maintained the lead
ing place among industries of its kind, and, as has
been said, is to-day the largest in the world, having an
annual output of two
million five hundred
thousand whips that
find their way over
the entire globe. The
same energy and en
terprise that char
acterized Mr. Miller's
methods while in the
saddlery business, ap
pear here, and agreat
deal of the later suc
cess of the American
Whip Company can
be directly traced to
his influence and la
bors. He is what
may be called a
shrewd business man,
but a conscientious
one. His dealings
are always character
ized by dignity and
uprightness. Al
though a resident of
Westfield but a few
years, Air. Miller is
justly looked upon as
one of the town's
foremost men. He
has never held any
civil or political office, since the requirements of his
work naturally prevented this. He takes, however, a
deep interest in all matters relating to the welfare of
the town. Air. Miller was married, Oct. 3, 1883, to
Frances Eliza, daughter of Charles B. Smith, of Hart
ford, Conn., and they have four children, — three sons
and one daughter. Mr. Miller's skill and energy have
been instrumental in bringing the whip-making industry
up to a high standard.

556

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

WILLIAM PROVIN, for a quarter of a century
a prominent manufacturer in the town of
Westfield, and during this time one of the town's leading
citizens, was born in Sullivan, Penn., Feb. 14, 1842.
His parents were William and Delilah Provin. His
early education was obtained in the public schools and
the academy in Westfield. His school-days, however,
did not extend over a very long period, as he learned,
while quite young, the trade of manufacturing whips,
which was then, as
now, the principal
business of the town
to which he had
migrated. Conse
quently he has been
connected with that
business as boy and
man for many years.
In later years he has
been also engaged in
the manufacture of
whip lashes and
cigars. Mr. Provin
was married Nov. 21,
1866, to Louise J.
Axtell, daughter of
D. S. Axtell, of West-
field, and two boys
have been born to
them. During his
residence in West-
field Air. Provin has
been selected by his
fellow-townsmen t o
hold many offices of
importance, civil and
political, and on a
number of occasions
has been called to
represent his adopted
town in the State Legislature. In all these different
positions he has acquitted himself with distinction and
credit, not only satisfying his constituents, but also
evoking the admiration of many who, politically, were
opposed to him. Mr. Provin is a Democrat of very
broad views. Among the town offices that he has held
is that of chairman of the Hoard of Selectmen from
March, 1881, to March, 1882, while he also served the
community as a member of the Board of Water Com-

WILLIAM PROVIN.

missioners for three years, being president and treasurer
of the board. In 1886, 1887 and 1888 he was elected
to the lower branch of the Legislature, while in 1891
and 1892 he was a member of the State Senate. In the
Senate of 1891 he was a member of the joint standing
committees on Labor and Insurance, while in 1892 he
was on the committees on Fisheries and Game, Printing
and Insurance, being chairman of the latter both years.
Among the civil offices that Mr. Provin holds are those
of vice-president of
the Woronoco Sav
ings Bank of West-
field, and director
and auditor of the
Westfield Co-opera
tive Bank. He is
also president and
one of the prime
movers of the Ma
sonic Frat e rnal
Accident Association
of America, a corpo
ration that has written
twenty-five thousand
certificates in the
past five years. Mr.
Provin is a veteran
of the late war, dur
ing which period he
served in the cele
brated Peninsula
Campaign under
General AlcClellan.
He is past com
mander of Lyon Post
No. 41 of the Grand
Army of the Repub
lic. Air. Provin is a
firm believer in fra-
ternal associations,
and he regards them as being full of profound instruc
tion and moral elevation for the body politic. He is a
Alason, Odd Fellow and Red Man, serving as great
sachem of the State in 1891 and is also a member of
other societies. In all of these he has been prominent,
both as a member and an adviser. He is a ready de
bater, and has always a valuable opinion on matters of
importance. Personally, Mr. Provin is a most agreeable
and companionable gentleman.

WESTFIELD.

557

EDWARD BATES GILLETT, one of the promi
nent lawyers of the "Old Bay State," was bom in
South Hadley Falls, Hampshire County, Alass., Aug.
24, 1818, and was the son of Daniel and Edith (Bates)
GiUett. He was married, in 1848, to Lucy, the daugh
ter of Hon. James and Lucy (Douglas) Fowler, and
seven children have been born to them, only three of
whom are living, Congressman Frederick H., Professor
Arthur L. and Lucy Douglas GiUett. Mr. GiUett is a
graduate of Amherst
College in the class
of 1839, and was pre
pared for entrance
into that institution
in the academies at
Hadley and West-
field. On his de
parture from college
walls he entered the
law office of his
uncle, that renowned
legal light, Isaac
Bates, of Northamp
ton, but completed
his legal studies in
the Cambridge Law
School. He was ad
mitted to the Suffolk
County bar in 1843,
after which he went
to Westfield and be
gan practice as the
partner of William
G. Bates, one of the
leading lawyers of
that section. This
firm retained its ex
istence until 1852,
when Mr. Gillett
took in Arthur Lin
coln, as a junior partner. Mr. Lincoln died in 1859
and Mr. Gillett afterward formed a partnership with
Homer B. Stevens. This continued until 1883. Mr.
Gillett was elected district attorney for the counties of
Hampden and Berkshire in 1856, declining re-election
in 1 87 1. He was a member of the State Senate in
1852, and served on the Judiciary Committee. In the
Legislature he ranked as one of the most useful mem
bers. In the course of his extensive law practice Mr.

EDWARD B. GILLETT

Gillett has been connected with some cases of national
reputation, one of the principal being the celebrated
Northampton bank robbery case, in which he conducted
all of the cross examinations and made the final argu
ments. He was also for many years the counsel for
the New Haven & Northampton and Boston & Albany
railroads. Mr. Gillett has likewise been prominent in
private life, and instrumental in bringing about many
improvements in the town of Westfield. Among other
positions that he has
held was the presi
dency of the Hamp
den bank from 1858
to 1 882 . He is
president of the
Westfield Insurance
Company, of the
Board of Trustees of
the Westfield Acad
emy Fund, and of the
Westfield Athenaeum,
besides being a di
rector in the Ameri
can Whip Company.
He was also elected
a corporate member
o f the American
Board of Commis
sioners for Foreign
Missions and is pres
ident of the Hamp-
d e n County Bar
Association. He has
always manifested a
deep interest in ed
ucational matters,
and was a member
of the Massachusetts
State Board of Edu
cation for many
years. He has been vice-president of Smith College
since its foundation, and has been a trustee of Amherst
College since 1861, besides being a trustee of the Hart
ford Theological Seminary. His alma mater conferred
upon him the degree of LL. D. in 1885. Afr. Gillett
was a Whig originally, but has been a Republican since
the foundation of that party, and was a delegate to the
National Convention of 1856, and a presidential elector
in i860.

558

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

JAMES ALFRED LAKIN was born in Boston, Feb.
7, 1 84 1. He married Lucy Adelaide Tower in
1870, and they have four children, — three daughters
and one son. He is an army veteran, having enlisted
in the old First Massachusetts Regiment, in which he
served with distinction. The chief part of Mr. Lakin's
education and personal polish has been acquired by
contact with the world, but the fundamental principles
were instilled into his mind by a course of study in the
Boston schools. Al
though a native of
Boston, Mr. Lakin
has preferred to live
in Westfield for
twenty-two years,
and during all of that
time has been closely
in touch with the
best interests of the
town, and very prom
inent in the indus
trial life of the com
munity. His value
as a citizen has been
recognized by the
town on various oc
casions. In 189 o,
and again in 1891,
he was elected to the
State Legislature,
being a representa
tive from the Second
Hampden District.
In 1892 he was nom
inated for senator in
the Second Hamp
den Senatorial Dis
trict. During his
first term in the
Legislature Mr. La-
kin was a member of the Insurance Committee, and
during his second year was a valued member of the
Committee on Railroads. While in the Legislature he
made an especially creditable record for himself, and
handled the questions that came before him with the
dexterity of a veteran. Of especial value to the farmers
of his district, and indeed to those of the State in gen
eral, were his efforts on the proposed dairy law, which
came before the House in such shape as to be practi

cally valueless. Mr. Lakin fought hard to have those
portions of the law that were cut off in the Senate re
incorporated in the bill, and finally succeeded. Not
content with that, he labored with some of the senators
and had the satisfaction of seeing the bill passed as
amended by him. He also reported on a bill allowing
the use of electricity on the railroads of the State, and
so convincing was his argument in favor of it that it was
almost unanimously passed. He stated on the floor of
the House that "in
his judgment, within
four years trains
would be run, heated,
lighted, bells rung,
whistles blown, and
breaks set by elec
tricity." He was
also chosen by the
Legislature to appear
before Congress and
urge the adoption of
a uniform safety car
coupler for the pro
tection of life and
limb, on account of
his thorough mechan
ical ability. Mr. La
kin's business career
began in 1865, when
he engaged in the
watch and jewelry
trade, which business
he has followed ever
since in connection
with the manufacture
of his other inven
tions. At present
Mr. Lakin is devot
ing his time to the
American Casket
Hardware Company, of which he is president, and
which is located in Westfield. As its name implies, the
company is engaged in the manufacture of plates,
handles, and other trimmings for burial caskets, and
although established little more than a year, is remark
ably successful, and shows very able management. Mr.
Lakin has given much attention to the industrial health
of the State. It is the opinion of his many admirers
that the future has further honors in store for him.

JAMES A. LAKIN.

WESTFIELD.

559

HENRY W. ASHLEY, lawyer, was born in West-
field, Mass., Feb. 16, 1855. His parents were
Henry and Mary A. (Bartholomew) Ashley. Mr. Ash
ley's family were among the early Puritan settlers, the
first of the family in this country, Robert Ashley, emi
grating from England and settling at Roxbury, Mass.
He remained in this early colonial settlement until the
departure of William Pynchon and his party for Spring
field, in the year 1639, when he became a member of
the little band of set
tlers, and carried the
name Ashley to the
then extreme west
ern part of the old
Bay State. Robert
Ashley's name first
appears in the early
historical records as
one of the committee
appointed in behalf
of the little settle
ment of Springfield,
to arrange about
the grinding of the
grain of the settlers,
while later he was
chosen as one of the
sealers on the same
question. W h e n
Westfield was set off
from Springfield,
somewhere about
1658, the Ashley
family cast in their
fortunes with the
young settlement,
and reference to the
history of the times
shows that grants of
land were made to
Robert Ashley and David Ashley in 1666. John Ashley,
a graduate of Yale University, in the class of 1730, was
one of the first lawyers in Westfield, and was, as his
descendants also have been, a prominent figure in the
affairs of the town. Henry W. Ashley was educated in
the public schools of Westfield and was graduated from
the Law School of Boston University in 1882. He was
admitted to practice at the bar the same year, and
immediately opened an office in Westfield, where he

HENRY W. ASHLEY.

has been in practice since that time. Although estab
lished but a few years, Mr. Ashley has, by careful study
and close application to his chosen work, built up an
excellent practice, and has the pleasure of seeing it grow
extensively year by year. He is regarded as one of the
ablest young lawyers in Western Massachusetts. Mr.
Ashley is also greatly interested in politics, both State
and national, being a disciple of the party of Jefferson.
Among other offices that he has held is that of United
States deputy collec
tor of internal reve
nue, which position
he filled from 1885 to
1889. In 1892 he was
chosen alternate dele
gate at large from
Massachusetts to the
National Democratic
Convention at Chi
cago. Mr. Ashley
was also elected a
member of the Mas
sachusetts House of
Representatives i n
the Legislatures of
1892 and 1893, and
while acting in this
capacity served on
the Judiciary and
Railroad committees.
During his legisla
tive work he showed
himself to be a good
speaker and pos
sessed of sound judg
ment, with a thor
ough knowledge of
current affairs. He
is also gifted with
executive ability to a
rare degree, and has had ample opportunity to demon
strate his talent as a member of the Democratic State
Central Committee. On the same plane is his work as
a member of the F2xecutive Committee of the Young
Men's Democratic Club of Massachusetts. On both
committees Mr. Ashley has done yeoman service, and
the brilliant quality of his work has been generally rec
ognized both by the members of his own party and by
the opposition.

560

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

LUCIUS B. WALKLEY was born in Westfield, Sept.
21, 1822. He was married in December, 1847,
to Sarah C. Young, of Westfield, and they have six
children, two boys and four girls, all of whom are living.
Until his sixteenth year he attended the public schools,
but at that period of his life he enlisted in the Third
Regiment, United States Artillery, for five years, during
which service he became sergeant of Company B, and
served in the war in Florida. At the expiration of his
term of service he
returned to Westfield
and learned the trade
of a mason, but dur
ing the gold fever
excitement of 1850
he went to California.
There he spent a
year in the gold
mines, then returned
to Westfield in 185 1
and r e sumed his
business as a mason.
Since that time he
has held many posi
tions of trust and
honor in the town
and county and is
justly esteemed one
of Westfield's fore-
most citizens.
Among the offices
that he has held is
that of constable and
police officer for
many years, and a
deputy sheriffship of
the c o u n t i es of
Hampden and
Hampshire for about
eleven years. He
was also prominent in the military of the State, and
held all of the commissioned offices in the Tenth Regi
ment from that of lieutenant to colonel. In May , 1 86 1 , he
enlisted a company of volunteers for the Civil War, and
on June 21, 1861, was mustered into service as captain
of Company K, Tenth Regiment, Massachusetts Volun
teers. The regiment was attached to the Army of the
Potomac, and was engaged in building fortifications and
guarding the approaches to Washington until March,

LUCIUS B. WALKLEY.

1862. He then went to the Peninsula with General
McClellan and took part in the siege of Yorktown and
the battles of Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, Charles City
Cross Roads and Malvern Hill. He resigned his com
mission at Harrison's Landing, July 16, 1862, and was
commissioned major of the Forty-sixth Regiment, Mas
sachusetts Volunteer Militia, in October of the same
year, being promoted to the lieutenant-colonelcy in a
short time. He joined the army under General Foster,
at Newbern, N. C,
and was in the Golds
boro expedition, the
fights at Kinston,
White Hall and
Goldsboro, besides
being in several other
expeditions. In
June, 1863, his bri
gade was ordered to
join the Army of the
Potomac and during
the battle of Gettys
burg was detailed to
guard the approaches
to Baltimore, after
which it joined Gen
eral Meade's army
at Frankstown. The
Rebel Army having
crossed the river and
the regiment's time
having expired, it
was ordered home
and was mustered
out in July, 1863.
After the expiration
of his military ser
vice Colonel Walk-
ley went into busi
ness and is now a
contractor and builder and a large manufacturer of brick.
He is president of the Westfield Brick Company, a past
master of Alt. Moriah Lodge of Masons, a member of
Springfield Commandery, Knights Templar, and is also
a past commander of Lyon Grand Army Post. Politi
cally, Colonel Walkley is a stanch Republican. He is
also a member and trustee of the Methodist Episcopal
church, and is prominent in the social and religious life
of Westfield.

WESTFIELD.

56l

ROBERT BRUCE CRANE AND JAMES ARTHUR CRANE.

ONNECTED inseparably with the
manufacture of paper in Massachu
setts, ever since the beginning of the
present century, is the name of Crane.
In 1 80 1 Zenas Crane established his
paper mill in Dalton, and ever since
then the different generations of the family have been
actively engaged in the manufacture of the product.
One branch of this family resides in Westfield, where
they operate paper mills, the plant being owned and
worked by Robert Bruce Crane and James Arthur Crane,
sons of the late James B. Crane, of Dalton, and grand
sons of Zenas Crane, under the title of Crane Brothers.
The product of their mills has attained an international
reputation. Robert Bruce Crane was born in Dalton, June 4, 1845.
He attended a private school in Pittsfield and the Mili
tary Academy in Worcester, and later took a course in
Williston Seminary at Easthampton, finishing his educa
tion with a six months' trip through Europe, in company
vvith his brother, J. Arthur Crane. He has been promi
nent in the town affairs of Westfield, and was elected
to the Alassachusetts House of Representatives in 1890
and 1891, serving as chairman of the Committee on
Labor. J. Arthur Crane was born in Dalton, Dec. 24, 1847.
He studied in Williston Seminary, and after the broth
ers returned from their European trip, they at once
engaged in the business of paper making, in 1867, at
Ballston Springs, N. V. The following year they pur
chased the plant in Westfield, and since then have built
the business, from the smallest foundation, up to fine
proportions. Their main mills are situated on a stream
about two miles from the station of the Boston & Albany
and the New York, New Haven & Hartford railroads in
Westfield, and are connected with the latter railroad by
a spur track, which they own, while the smaller mill is
about a mile above on the same stream. The mills are
all built of brick in the most substantial manner, and
power is supplied from the river, with a supplementary
force provided for by Corliss engines. 'Phe chief prod
uct of the company is a linen paper, and the water
marks on Crane's "Linen Record," "Japanese Linen,"

and "Warranted All Linen " are familiar throughout the
country. The success of this paper is due to the extraor
dinary care taken even in the smallest details of its
manufacture. One of the chief elements in the success
of this grade of paper is the use of very pure water,
brought in six-inch pipes from the mountains at the
rate of five hundred gallons per minute. Another rea
son for the excellence of the paper is that the rags for
making the paper are all cut by hand, because, being of
a better grade than ordinary rags, they cannot be well
cut by machine, as by the latter process it would be
impossible to obtain the required fibre. This same
attention to detail characterizes every branch of the
business, and to it can be traced the success of Crane
Brothers' paper.
In 1876 they obtained the highest award for record
paper at the Centennial Exhibition, while two years
later they obtained the highest award at Berlin and the
grand prize gold medal at Paris. In 1880 the Mel
bourne Exposition awarded them a gold medal, and the
New Orleans Exposition gave them a grand prize gold
medal in 1885. A medal of superiority was received
from the American Institute, New York, in 1889, and a
silver medal from the Mechanics' Fair in Boston in
1890. Aside from the manufacture of paper, the mills have
a product, known as "linenoid," from which are made
a variety of seamless articles, including mill and ware
house baskets, boats and canoes, trunks, bath tubs,
caskets, cylinders, poll triangles, etc.
J. Arthur Crane has charge of the mills, while R. B.
Crane devotes much of his time to their stock farm of
some six hundred acres, which is known as the Wolf
Pit Stock Farm, and which is largely devoted to the
raising of fine horses. The most important stallion on
the farm is the celebrated Chronos, with a record of
2.1 2 h, who made such a fine showing on the circuit last
year. J. Arthur Crane was married Jan. 17, 1883, to Clara
I!. Kittredge, daughter of Hon. Charles J. Kittredge, of
Hinsdale, Mass., and they have two children. The
initial letter with which this sketch begins is Crane
Brothers' trade-mark.

562

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

#

JOHN RICHARD REED was born March 25, 1832,
his father being Rev. Augustus Reed, the Congre
gational pastor in Ware, Mass., who died in 1838. Mrs.
Reed removed to Westfield with her children, where
they were educated. In 1849 she migrated to Fall
River, where her son John spent a few months as clerk
in a store. He was soon attracted by the life of a sailor,
and at the age of twenty shipped in the forecastle,
spending the next three and one-half years in the
Northern Pacific and
Arctic oceans. While
voyaging he was f  __
strongly tempted to
seek his fortune in
New Zealand, but
was induced to stay
by the ship and re
turned home in 1855.
He soon afterwards
visited his brother in
Westfield and en
tered the employ of
H. B. Smith & Co.
This company was
founded in 1853 by
Henry B. and Edwin
Smith, brothers, the
plant being a small
one engaged in the
manufacture of iron
fences, principally.
This business was
continued for about
seven years until
they became inter
ested in and com
menced the manu
facture of Gold's
steam and water
heaters, the inven
tion of Samuel Gold, of Englewood, N. J., and William
A. Foskett, of Meriden, Conn. The company began
the following year the sale and building of the first
combined steam and water heating apparatus for warm
ing residences and the smaller class of buildings. At
this time the company was melting three tons of iron
daily, which was put into these boilers and radiators.
Air. Reed became connected with the company in 1859,
and much of the earlier success of the Smith brothers

JOHN R. REED.

was due to his untiring zeal. Their efforts were so suc
cessful that in 1863 they had to erect a larger cupola to
accommodate the output, which had increased to eight
or ten tons per day. The business continued under
these favorable conditions from 1872 to 1878, when
there was a depression in this as in many other branches
of industry. In consequence of this state of things it
was found desirable to reorganize the firm, whereby the
capital was increased and the responsibility divided and
limited. Upon the
reorganization of the
 firm, John R. Reed
became the president
and general manager,
Andrew Alercer vice-
president, and Philip
C. Smith, treasurer.
At this time, the de
mand for a better
direct radiator be
coming clearly out
lined, Air. Reed's
inventive mind
solved the problem,
and the Reed radia-
t o r, which was
brought out in 1879,
was the result. Later
the celebrated
"Union" steam and
water radiator w a s
invented. The suc
cess of these inven
tions caused a further
increase in the plant,
and a commodious
foundry with a daily
output of six thou
sand feet of radiators
and employing five
hundred people, was erected on the north side of West-
field River. Mr. Reed was married to Julia Priscilla
Breckenridge, of Ware, Mass., May 8, 1861, and by her
had four children. She died; and on Jan. 9, 1876, he
married Martha Huntington Dudman, of Yarmouth,
N. S. They have two children. To the inventive genius
of Mr. Reed, no less than to his business ability, is due
his high standing among the manufacturers of Western
Massachusetts.

ANEW ENGLAND town of 18,000 people, enterprising and progressive, having at its threshold the largest
and most famous railroad tunnel in the country, and for which the town's citizens worked zealously for years
under innumerable discouraging circumstances ; with scenery that is not surpassed in the United States ; with two
of the largest print works in the country, with employees numbering thousands ; with nearly a half dozen shoe
factories, employing hundreds of hands, with pay-rolls amounting to many thousand dollars monthly ; with cotton
and woollen factories that employ hundreds more ; with a fine foundry and numerous other diversified industries, —
all these and many other things make North Adams a pleasant place for a home and a good place to do business in.
The growth of the town has been steady, and bids fair to continue. Aside from the main village are two
smaller villages, — Blackinton and Greylock. The water supply is pure, as, indeed, it must of necessity be in the
Berkshire Hills, and ample for protection against fire. The town is supplied with both gas and electric lights, and
a street railway, with electricity as a motive power, connects North Adams and Adams, and is likely in the near
future to connect the town vvith Williamstown, the location of Williams College, one of the best of Massachusetts
institutions of learning.
The town has as good public schools as the State affords, and money is contributed liberally by the tax
payers that the high state of efficiency may be maintained. The churches are the Congregational, Rev. J. P.
Coyle, pastor ; the Methodist Episcopal, Rev. William W. Foster, Jr., pastor ; the Baptist, now without a settled
pastor, Rev. F. H. Rowley having lately resigned the pastorate to accept a charge in Chicago ; St. John's Episco
palian, Rev. John C. Tebbets, rector ; the L/niversalist, Rev. A. B. Church, pastor ; St. Francis, Roman Catholic,
Rev. Charles E. Burke, pastor ; Notre Dame of the Sacred Heart, Rev. L. Leduc, pastor. Without exception, all
these organizations have fine edifices, and the services are largely attended. From the Congregational Church
have gone such widely known and eloquent speakers as Rev. Washington Gladden and Rev. Dr. Munger.
The secret and other organizations are strong in numbers and fraternal in their work. Of the Masonic
fraternity there are St. Paul Commandery, Knights Templar ; Composite Chapter, Royal Arch Masons ; and two
Blue lodges, Lafayette and Greylock, and Naomi Chapter, Order of the Eastern Star, all strong and compact
organizations. The Odd Fellows have these organizations : Oneco Lodge, Wells Encampment, Canton Colfax and
Oneco Mutual Relief Association. The Knights of Honor, Improved Order of Red Men, Royal Arcanum, Knights
of Pythias, Ancient Order of Hibernians, British American Association, Father Mathew Total Abstinence Society,
the Father Mathew Ladies' Aid Society, the Ancient Order of United Workmen, the Robert Emmet Association,
the St. Jean Baptiste Society and the Young Men's Christian Association all have large memberships and are flour
ishing organizations. For purely social organizations or clubs there are the North Adams, the Club Brunswick,
the Washington, the Franco-American, the Pastime Athletic Club and the Lime Kiln Club. The town has a fine
hospital, owning its own grounds and building, an excellent public library, a capable fire department, and in the
town are the grounds and half-mile track of the Hoosac Valley Agricultural Society. AU of these things tend
to make North Adams what it is,— a happy, prosperous community,

564

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

AN interesting and picturesque figure in the history
of North Adams is Judge James T. Robinson.
In the legal profession he has won success and distinc
tion. In politics he has received honors which demon
strate his secure place in the popular regard. In
journalism his striking abilities have been devoted to a
useful purpose in the discussion of the great questions
of the day and the moulding of public opinion. It is
not often that roles requiring such distinct orders of
talent are found com
bined in so eminent
a degree in one per
son. Judge Robin
son was born in
Adams, Berkshire
County, Mass., Sept.
6, 1822. At the age
of fifteen he moved
to N o r t h Adams,
where he has since
made his home. His
earlier education was
obtained in the pub
lic school and acad-
emy, with a few
terms spent at Shel
burne Falls, Worth
ington and Benning
ton, Vt. In 1844 he
was graduated at
Williams College.
He read law in the
office of his father,
Thomas Robinson,
an able lawyer. Later
he was in partnership
with his father. His
subsequent career
confirmed the wis
dom of his choice of
a calling. He easily mastered great legal principles,
while his remarkable memory enabled him to treasure
up for immediate use such facts as are indispensable in
so exacting a profession. He became a powerful advo
cate. Nature gave him great gifts : a striking presence,
a melodious voice, an effective action, a command of
language equal to every demand, and charged with the
most attractive graces and ability to reason along severe
logical lines. All these gifts and forces have gained for

JAMES T. ROBINSON.

Mr. Robinson a foremost place, whether in the court
room or on the political rostrum. In early life he was
a Whig, but in 1848 he joined the Free-soil movement,
and later went into the Republican organization. In his
loyalty to this party, he has never swerved. Twice he
has been elected to the Massachusetts State Senate. It
was during his last term in the Senate, in 1859, that he
was appointed judge of probate for Berkshire County.
He has held that position ever since. He was secretary
of the famous consti
tutional convention
of Massachusetts in
1853, and was also a
delegate-at-large t o
the Republican Na
tional Convention in
i860, which nomi
nated Abraham Lin
coln for president.
In 1866 Judge Rob
inson purchased the
North Adams Trans
cript, one of the best
weekly papers in
New England and he
is still its editor and
senior proprietor.
The editorial depart
ment, especially, has
a high standing
among journals. It
is instructive in that
sense in which his
tory, experience,
knowledge, illustra
tion and cogent
reasoning appeal to
the best sense of the
reader. On all polit
ical subjects the
editor is enabled to pour from his extensive knowledge
such information, and to clothe his thoughts in such
excellent language, as to arrest public attention. The
North Adams Transcript, under Judge Robinson's man
agement, has been a most potent factor in moulding the
public opinion of Western Massachusetts. Despite his
age, Judge Robinson is still active and in the enjoy
ment of unimpaired mental and physical strength, which
promises to last many years more.

NORTH ADAMS.

565

ASHLEY B. WRIGHT, of North Adams, congress
man elect, was born in Hinsdale, Mass., in 1841,
and is the son of Charles Wright, who was one of the
pioneers of the Republican party in Alassachusetts.
Hon. Ashley B. Wright's early years were spent in Hins
dale, and he was educated in the public schools of that
town, and in Professor Lincoln's Academy. He went to
North Adams when he was twenty years old, and be
came chief deputy internal revenue collector, under
Collector Tinker.
He had charge of
the tenth district,
comprising Hamp
shire and Berkshire
counties, and also of
the home office in
North Adams from
its organization to
the close of the war.
At that time the in
ternal revenue taxes
were very heavy, and
hundreds of thou
sands of dollars were
collected, Mr. Wright
performing the du
ties of his office with
conscientious care.
After the close of the
war he became a
merchant in North
Adams, and has con
tinued in business
ever since. In North
Adams Mr. Wright
served for several
years as town clerk.
He was afterwards
chosen selectman,
and for four years
was chairman of the board. In politics Air. Wright
has always been a Republican. He was one of the
county commissioners of Berkshire County for three
years, and chairman of the board for one year. In
this capacity he rendered valuable services to the
county, and was regarded as one of the most efficient
commissioners Berkshire ever had. In 1889 Mr. Wright
was chosen a member of the Executive Council from
the Eighth Massachusetts District, and was re-elected

ASHLEY B. WRIGHT.

the following year. In that body Mr. Wright served on
the committees on Pardons, Finance, Military and
Charitable Institutions. In September, 1892, Mr.
Wright was nominated for Congress by acclamation by
the First Massachusetts District Republican Conven
tion. After a discussion in the public prints lasting for
several weeks, the sentiment of the party finally crystal
lized on Mr. Wright as its strongest candidate. Such
proved to be the case, for at the polls in November he
was elected, defeat
ing Congressman
John Crawford
Crosby, the strong
est and most popular
Democrat in Western
Massachusetts, who
had made an excel
lent record at Wash
ington in the Fifty-
second Congress.
Aside from his polit-
ical offices, Mr.
Wright has held
many positions of
trust in the commer
cial and financial
world. He is a di
rector in the Adams
National Bank of
North Adams, and a
member of the In
vestment Committee
of the North Adams
Savings Bank. He
is liked by every one,
is philanthropic, and
J has probably assisted
as many poor people
with his means and
kind words as any
man now living in North Adams. His friends look for
ward to a successful congressional career for him. Mr.
Wright's long experience in public affairs, joined with
his business ability, and his thorough acquaintance with
the needs of his congressional district, will make him a
most useful representative at Washington, and a worthy
member of the Massachusetts delegation, which has
ever maintained a high reputation and strongly in
fluenced national legislation.

566

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

ALBERT C. HOUGHTON, president of the Arnold
Print Works of North Adams, is a native of
Stamford, Vt., and is about forty-five years of age. His
business career has been one of great success and is due
to his masterful abilities. Starting in life with no other
capital than his hand and brain, he has triumphed over
obstacles which would have defeated most men, and
to-day occupies a leading position among the business
men of Massachusetts. He is a trustee of Williams
College, State direc
tor of the Fitchburg
Railroad, president
of the North Adams
Savings Bank, vice-
president of the
Adams National
Bank, director in the
Berkshire Life Insur
ance Company, and
was, by Governor
Brackett, appointed
a World's Fair com
missioner, but this
position he subse
quently resigned.
His special promi
nence is as president
and principal owner
of the Arnold Print
Works and its four
tributary cotton mills,
consisting of com
modious brick build.
ings covering over
fifteen acre s of
ground, furnishing
employment to over
two thousand people
and having a yearly
pay-roll of over eight
hundred thousand dollars, being one of the largest con
cerns under single control in Massachusetts. The
Arnold Print Works is the leading establishment of its
kind in the United States for variety and excellence of
its production ; it is not surpassed in facilities or organ
ization by any rival in Europe. One pleasing thing to
Mr. Houghton is that no employee in the concern with
which he is connected has ever engaged in any strike.
A committee appointed by the Knights of Labor

ALBERT C. HOUGHTON

reported his mill paying the highest wages of any
like concern under their jurisdiction. His business
acquaintance is very large and influential, and his
standing among bankers and in financial circles in New
York City and Boston is the very best. Though never
in public office he has been from early years an
extremely interested member of the Democratic party,
and since his going to North Adams has done more
than any other man to develop the growing Democratic
strength there, which
now nearly equals
that of the Republi
cans, in what was,
until recent years,
the banner Republi
can town of Berk
shire County. He
gives liberally of his
time and money in
political campaigns,
and Governor Rus
sell has had no more
potent aid in West-
e r n Massachusetts
than that contributed
by him. In recog
nition of Afr. Hough
ton's valuable politi-
A cal work, and his ex
tended and influen
tial acquaintance
vvith public men, the
State Convention of
the Democratic
party chose him as
delegate to the Na
tional Convention to
Chicago in 1892.
Mr. Houghton was
an earnest supporter
of Air. Cleveland's nomination from beginning to end,
and he is a manufacturer who has a firm belief in Mr.
Cleveland's policy of tariff reform. Air. Houghton is
also president of the Young Men's Democratic Club of
North Adams, and under his leadership it promises to
become one of the most active political organizations
in Berkshire County. He is firm in his friendships, and
there are many young men who owe their present inde
pendent position to his kindly interest and aid.

>*m.

NORTH ADAMS.

567

FRANK STONE RICHARDSON, one of the most
successful business men of his native town, was
born in North Adams, Oct. 18, 1856, and is conse
quently in his thirty-seventh year. Mr. Richardson is
the son of the late Amasa W. Richardson, one of the
pioneer manufacturers of Berkshire County, and Esther
Cone, of Albany, N. Y. It is fitting that a few words
should be said of Air. Amasa W. Richardson, for he was
one of the notable men of Northern Berkshire. Early
in life he successfully
established a large
dry goods business.
In 1848, with Wells,
White & Co., he pur
chased the James E.
Marshall property,
including the old
Phoenix Cotton Mill,
the Stone Mill on
River Street, and the
Union Print Works,
located where the
Windsor Print Works
now stand. The
company was very
successful. Later on
he was a successful
paper manufacturer
at Adams. He was
for a time president
of the old National
Bank of Adams, and
assistant treasurer of
the Troy & Green
field Railroad Com
pany. His business
career, like that of
his son, was closely
identified with the
business growth of
North Adams, and he contributed much toward the in
dustrial development of the western part of the Com
monwealth. Mr. Frank Stone Richardson was educated
in the public schools of North Adams, and was gradu
ated from the old Drury High School in the class of
1875. Since the year 1878, Mr. Richardson has been
the treasurer and manager of the North Adams Gas
Light Company. It operates the business of electric
lighting and for its size is one of the most prosperous

companies in New England, doing a very large business
for its capital. Mr. Richardson was clerk and treasurer
of the North Adams fire district from 1883 to 1891,
during the time of the large and important increase of
the district's water supply from artesian wells and the
Broad Brook system. In this capacity he was enabled
to render the town much valuable service. Mr. Rich
ardson was treasurer and manager of the United Zy-
lonite Company from 1887 until the purchase of the
zylonite works by
the Celluloid Com
pany, something less
than two years ago.
The transactions of
the Zylonite Com
pany amounted to
several million dol
lars, and in the
management of the
affairs of the com
pany Mr. Richard
son showed marked
ability and skill. In
politics Mr. Richard
son has always been
an earnest and zeal
ous Republican and
is always ready to
contribute in every
legitimate way for
the success of his
party. He has never
sought public office,
the many demands
of his business keep
ing him fully occu
pied. Mr. Richard
son enlisted in the
State Militia in 1878,
and for four years
was in the service. He held commissions as second
and first lieutenant, and at the time of his resignation in
1882 was the captain of Company F, Second Regiment
of Infantry. Mr. Richardson was married, June 4, 1890,
to Mrs. Alice Rudderow Bonnell, of Jersey City, N. J.
They have no children. It is no exaggeration to say
that Mr. Richardson is one of the most likable and
popular men in his native town, to which he has ren
dered so many services.

FRANK S. RICHARDSON.

568

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

NL. MILLARD, one of the successful shoe manu-
. facturers of North Adams, and long identified
with its interests, was born in Stamford, Vt., where amid
farm life his boyhood was passed. He was early dis
posed to leave the farm and enter upon more active
pursuits, and began business life at North Adams in
1 86 1, entering the employ of Ingalls, Tyler & Co.,
woollen manufacturers, as book-keeper, with whom he
remained eight years. Mr. Millard comes from a sturdy,
independent V e r-
mont family, and his
ambition was satis-
fi e d with nothing
short of a business
career on his own
account. Accord
ingly, in 1869, hav
ing formed a partner
ship with his brother,
E. R. Millard, who
had been successful
as a stock grower in
the West, they, under
the firm name of E.
R. & N. L. Millard,
and without any pre
vious experience in
this line whatever,
began the manu
facture of shoes.
'Phis industry had
long had a foothold
in the town, and
they were attracted
to it by the success
and growth with
which it had been
attended. They
purchased of C. T.
Sampson his old
factory on Eagle Street, next to the river, and began
in a small way, soon making one hundred and twenty
pairs per day. With this small beginning the business
steadily increased till after three years the demands
upon them necessitated a product of nine hundred
pairs daily. In 1874 Mr. Millard withdrew from the
firm, selling his interest to his brother ; but he was not
long out of the business of shoe manufacturing, as in
1875, by the purchase of the interest of H. S. Millard,

N. L. MILLARD

of the firm of Millard & Whitman, the firm of Whit
man & Millard was formed. This firm continued
seven years, when, in 1882, Mr. Millard, through the
the purchase of his partner's interest, became sole
owner. Meantime, through the influence of growing
competition, the methods of conducting the business of
shoe manufacturing were changing and adjusting them
selves to new conditions. Mr. Millard was quick to
discern the shifting conditions of business and the
demands of compe
tition, and took an
aggressive policy in
the complete over
hauling of lasts, dies
and patterns, result
ing in the production
of good-style, medi
um and cheap goods
which have met with
a ready sale. In the
exercise of this
policy his business
grew so that two ad
ditions have been
made to the original
plant. To-day, with
a floor space of more
than thirty thousand
square feet and with
an equipment of the
best and most mod
ern machinery, Mr.
Millard has facilities
for the production of
three thousand pairs
daily. These goods
are sold through his
Boston office at No.
96 Summer Street to
the wholesale trade
only, his customers being found in nearly every large
city in the Union. In November, 1892, Air. Millard
associated with him his nephew, Charles K. Millard, who
for several years had filled an important place in the
business, and the firm name is now N. L. Millard & Co.
The future policy of this house will be to employ only
the best workmen, to whom the highest wages will be
paid, thereby insuring the best quality of labor and uni
formity of product.

NORTH ADAMS.

569

S PROCTOR THAYER was born in North Adams,
. July 1, 1853. He was educated at the Drury
High School in North Adams and at Williams College,
where he was graduated with honor in the summer of
1873. While in college he was one of the editors of
the Williams Review, a college paper, and was the
chairman of the committee of arrangements for class
day. After graduation he engaged in teaching as assis
tant in the high school in North Adams and as princi
pal of the high school
in Cheshire, Mass.
Afterwards, in 1874,
he went to Boston,
and studied law in
the office of Alfred
Hemenway and
James P. Farley, Jr.,
in Barristers' Hall on
Court Square, Bos
ton, and entered the
law school of Boston
University, where he
graduated in 1876.
In May of the same
year he applied for
admission to the bar
of the Supreme Court
for Suffolk County,
and after examina
tion his petition was
granted. He re
turned to North
Adams after his ad
mission to the bar,
and since that time
he has been engaged
in practising law with
his father, Hon.
Shepherd Thayer,
under the style of
S. Thayer & Son. After his return to North Adams he
was elected a member of the School Committee of that
town, which office he held for fifteen years successively.
During that time he was very active in all matters per
taining to school work, and many improvements in the
educational system and school buildings of North Adams
were suggested and carried through by him. Upon the
separation of the town of North Adams from the old
town of Adams he issued his warrant for the first town

S. PROCTOR THAYER

meeting of the new town of North Adams, and he has
been prominent in all public matters connected with
the town since he became of age. He was a member of
the original committee that established the public
library, and the arrangement and classification of its
books and the first catalogue were made under his
direction. He drafted all the bills which provided for
the present water supply of North Adams, and was one
of a committee of three which constructed the Broad
Brook water supply
system, at a cost of
over a quarter of a
million dollars. He
assisted in writing
several school-books,
some of which are in
use to-day, and he
has written a short
history of Berkshire
County and various
lectures and articles
upon educational and
other subjects. He
was twice appointed
special justice of the
District Court of
Northern Berkshire,
which office he re
signed upon his
election as member
of the Legislature.
He was a member of
the House of Repre
sentatives for the
years of 1880 and
1881, and served on
the committees on
the Hoosac Tunnel
and Constitutional
Amendments. H e
was elected senator from the Northern Berkshire Dis
trict in 1884 and 1885, and served in that body as
chairman of the committees on the Hoosac Tunnel,
Public Service, Education and Bills in the Third Read
ing. Mr. Thayer has always been a Republican in
politics, and his services have been frequently in request
as a stump speaker and as manager of local political
campaigns, in which he has been very successful. He
is unmarried.

myw-

57o

MASS A CHUSE TTS OF, TO-DA Y.

JAMES HUNTER was born in the town of Gala
shiels, Scotland, June 8, 1806. On both his father's
and his mother's side he came of good stock. His
paternal grandfather was for a long time a prosperous
merchant of Leith, so that his father, Andrew Hunter,
grew to manhood with the privileges of the genteel fam
ilies of those days, and married Alary, the daughter of
Laird Blaikie, one of the leading citizens of Galashiels.
Four sons and one daughter were born to them, but the
family fortunes were
soon changed by
great losses in the
East India trade, and
the sons, therefore,
inherited little except
the stock of intelli
gence and manly in
dependent qualities
of character which
come of good ances
try. They, however,
all received a good
education at a pri
vate school for boys
in Edinburgh, where
James Hunter was
sent when nine years
of age, and remained
six years. At the age
of fifteen he was ap
prenticed to Alexan
der Sanderson to
learn the business of
woollen manufactur
ing, and in 1829 he
married the daughter
of Thomas Walker,
who was one of the
old manufactur
ers and a prominent
citizen of Galashiels. Great depression overtook the
manufacturing interests of Scotland during the early
thirties, and Mr. Hunter emigrated with his wife and
two children in 1833. For five years he lived in Otsego
County, N. Y., working at his trade. In 1838 he went
to North Adams, and soon became superintendent of
a part of the mill of Brown & Tyler, afterward Brown
ct Harris. In 1846, with others, he built the first cotton
mill at Greylock, and, in 1847, exchanged his share of

JAMES HUNTER.

this mill for the furnace property in North Adams.
'Though this was a new business to Mr. Hunter, he
made it successful by patient industry and an intelligent
study of its natural development, and the present large
and prosperous business of the James Hunter Machine
Company, of which James E. Hunter, the oldest son,
is at the head, has been the outgrowth of these small
beginnings. Air. Hunter, as an employee, always gave
more than was expected of him. He once said : " I
am happy to think
that no human being
ever lost a dollar by
me," and then added,
" or a moment's work
when I was employed
by others." He was
the true and kind
friend of his employ
ees, the confidential
adviser and helper of
many, and just, gen
erous and devoted to
the interests of his
patrons. He was the
consistent advocate
of temperance, edu
cation and religion,
intelligent as to pub
lic questions and loyal
to American institu
tions, but ever re
taining an ardent love
for the land of his
birth. He was for
several years presi
dent of the Berkshire
National Bank. At
the time of his death,
in 1 89 1, he had been
senior deacon of the
Congregational church for a long term of years. Air.
Hunter's persevering industry, his courage in overcom
ing difficulties, his strictness of life and stern honesty,
his intelligent methods of meeting the demands of bus
iness, make him a typical adopted son of America ; but
more than that, his pleasing and cheerful manners, his
personality, which stood for all that is best and purest
in character, and his life of gentle usefulness to others
make him a fitting example for emulation to the young.

NORTH ADAMS.

571

GILBERT L. JEWETT, a member of the Massa
chusetts Legislature and a representative work-
ingman of North Adams, was born in South Deerfield,
Mass., Dec. 22, 1839, and is a son of James M. and
Sophrona Jewett. He is one of a large family of chil
dren, and, like thousands of New England boys, in his
youth attended the district school in winter and worked
manfully in the summer. Later on he attended the
Dickinson Academy at Deerfield. The success which
he has attained in
life has been the
reward of his own
efforts. With the
exception of his
army service, Air.
Jewett was by calling
a fairly prosperous
farmer in South
Deerfield until the
year 1885, when he
moved to North
Adams. Since that
time he has been a
shoe cutter, and can
fairly claim to be
one of the represen
tative working men
of that prosperous
town, intelligent, in
dustrious and frugal.
Mr. Jewett's war rec-
o r d is not unlike
that of thousands of
others. He was a
brave and honorable
soldier, and the rec
ord is pleasing to
him, his friends and
acquaintances. He
enlisted Feb. 9, 1864,
and joined the regiment to which he was assigned, the
Twenty-first Massachusetts Infantry, at Annapolis, Md.
While a member of the regiment Mr. Jewett participated
in nine engagements, and was taken a prisoner near the
Weldon Railroad, Aug. 19, 1864. He was confined at
first in Libby Prison, then at Belle Isle, and being very
ill had the good fortune to be taken to a hospital at
Richmond, Va. He was finally exchanged and went to
Annapolis. While a prisoner, the Twenty-first Regi-

GILBERT L. JEWETT

ment had been consolidated with the Thirty-sixth, and
Mr. Jewett joined that regiment. He served honorably
and with great credit. Mr. Jewett is a member of
Charles D. Sanford Post, Grand Army of the Republic,
of North Adams, and has been its commander, and
held other positions of responsibility in the order. He
has ever been ready to do his share of the work of that
organization, and to contribute his share to the charity
fund. In politics Mr. Jewett is an earnest and loyal
Republican. In
1 8 9 1 he was the
candidate of his
party for State rep
resentative in the
First Berkshire Dis
trict, and was hand
somely elected. He
did excellent service
on the Military Com
mittee in the House,
and he was honored
with an appointment
by Speaker Barrett,
as a member of the
Legislative Commit
tee to represent the
State of Massachu
setts at the opening
and dedicatory exer
cises of the World's
Columbian Exposi
tion at Chicago, in
October, 1892. At
the State election in
November, 1892,
Mr. Jewett was again
elected to the lower
branch of the State
Legislature. His
constituents were
certainly well pleased with the record which he had
made the first year in that body, for at his second elec
tion he received one thousand eight hundred and forty-
five votes to one thousand two hundred and ninety-four
in 1 89 1. He enjoys a widespread popularity among
his fellow-members of the Legislature, regardless of
party. Mr. Jewett was married, March 4, 1861, to
Miss Arvilla C. Wood. Their only child is an adopted
daughter, Lilly M., who is nine years old.

572

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

JOHN BRACEWELL was born, June 18, 1837, in
Clitheroe, England. His father, Miles Bracewell,
from his early boyhood had been engaged in printing
calico, and at the time of his death was the senior part
ner and principal owner of two print works — one at
Oakenshaw, Lancashire, and another at Kersal Vale,
near Manchester, England. When eighteen years of
age Mr. Bracewell had established such a reputation
that he received the offer of a position as assistant
manager in the Mer
rimack Print Works,
Lowell, Mass., and
remained there five
years and a half,
winning for himself
a distinguished rep
utation. Certainly,
it argues some un
usual qualities in his
work while there,
some extraordinary
gifts and capacities
in his nature, that
could have led the
Cocheco Manufac
turing Company of
Dover, N. H., to call
this young man of
twenty-three years of
age to its most re
sponsible position, —
that of manager of
its print works.
Soon after entering
upon his new duties
Mr. Bracewell took
advantage of the sus
pension of work in
the manufactory,
made necessary at
that period of the Civil War, to enlarge his scientific
knowledge by attending lectures on chemistry at Har
vard College. He studied with great thoroughness this
science during a five months' course, and at the same
time directed the many repairs and changes which were
being made in the print works at Dover. With the
beginning of the year 1861 Mr. Bracewell took up his
residence in Dover. The remarkable enterprise and
judgment of the new manager made themselves at once

JOHN BRACEWELL

felt. For just twenty years he continued in his position
These years witnessed a series of brilliant successes.
He showed himself to be a genius in his profession.
To his originating, creative mind he joins an unusual
power of adapting to his own uses suggestions coming
from whatever source. By his sheer abilities, his in
domitable energy, his quickness of insight, his tireless
perseverance and his perfect command of the minute
details of every branch of his work, he soon lifted the
Cocheco goods to
the very head of
their class, and held
them there to the
last day of his ser
vice. During his
residence in Dover
he endeared himself
to all classes of peo
ple by his large-
hearted liberality,
his great geniality
and his keen per
sonal interest in
whatever affected
the welfare of the
city or the condition
of every individual
in it. Though born
and educated an
Englishman, he early
became an ardent,
patriotic American
citizen. In January,
1881, Air. Bracewell
removed to North
Adams, and pur
chased a third inter
est in the Freeman
Manufacturing Com
pany of that place.
The same success which was acquired in Dover has
followed his abilities into the great business which he
represents at North Adams. The Windsor calicoes,
and other products of the Freeman Alanufacturing
Company, already stand in the market among the fore
most of their class. Air. Bracewell served on Gov. Pres-
cott's staff, with the rank of colonel. He has been a
member of the Republican State Committee. Dartmouth
College conferred on him the degree of M. A. in 1877.

NORTH ADAMS.

573

HTORRIE CADY, of North Adams, is one of the
. live, energetic manufacturers of the town. He
was born in North Adams, Jan. 17, 1844, and is in the
prime of life, with his best years for work and develop
ment before him. His parents were Alanson and Jane
A. Cady, and both were of vigorous New England stock.
The father at one time was a large land-owner, and in the
earlier years of the town contributed materially to its
growth. Mr. Cady was educated in the excellent
schools of the town,
and was graduated
at "Old Drury"
Academy. In the
early days of the War
of the Rebellion, Mr.
Cady enlisted in Col
onel Morrison's fa
mous Black Horse
Cavalry of New York,
but was discharged
on account of his
youthful years. He
has been urged to
become a member of
Sanford Post, Grand
Army of the Repub
lic, but has always
declined, never de
siring to claim more
than is justly his due.
The veterans, how
ever, know Mr. Cady
as one of their warm
friends, who is always
ready to assist them
in the their work or
charities. In 1866,
when he was only
twenty-two years old,
Mr. Cady began in a
small way as a shoe manufacturer. From that day to the
present his business has grown steadily and prospered.
There have been changes and partners and able lieuten
ants, but the growth has been steady, until to-day Mr.
Cady gives employment to two hundred and seventy-five
hands ; his yearly pay-roll amounts to $110,000, and the
annual output from his factory is five hundred thousand
pairs of shoes. Mr. Cady's shrewdness and tact have
been illustrated in his dealings with his employees. He

H. TORRIE CADY

has had no so-called labor troubles, and that is due to
his good judgment. Like all other manufacturers, Mr.
Cady desires a successful and remunerative business ;
he knows that a liberal spirit, a desire to treat his em
ployees fairly and generously in wages and hours of
labor has a tendency to cause them to work for his
interest. In other words, they realize that prosperity
for their employer means increased wages and comfort
for themselves. Air. Cady in politics is a Republican,
and he has been an
earnest worker for the
success of his party,
In 1889 he was
elected a member of
the Massachusetts
House of Represen
tatives, receiving a
very handsome vote,
and the following
year he was elected
a member of the
State Senate, defeat
ing the strongest
candidate that the
Democrats could
name. While a mem
ber of the House he
served on the joint
standing committees
on Banks and Bank
ing and Federal Rela
tions. When a sen
ator he served on the
committees on Man
ufactories, Roads and
Bridges. He de
clined to accept a
renomination as a
senator, although
sure of an election.
He is vice-president of the Berkshire National Bank
and one of the directors ; he is also a trustee of the
North Adams Savings Bank, and president and one of
the directors of the North Adams Gas and Electric
Light Company. Mr. Cady was married to Miss Harriett
E. Cook, of Cheshire, Mass., June 14, 1868. They have
one daughter. He was a delegate-at-large to the Re
publican National Convention of Minneapolis, and was
a strong supporter of President Harrison's candidacy.

574

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

AMONG the many 'able young business men'' of
Western Alassachusetts there is none who is
better known than William Arthur Gallup, treasurer and
clerk of the Arnold Print Works of North Adams. He
was born Oct. 28, 185 1, and is the son of William W.
and Eugenia O. Gallup. He was educated in the public
schools of North Adams, and while still a youth obtained
a practical business training in the store of his father,
who was one of the leading merchants of the town.
After several years'
experience obtained
in this way he entered
the store of Briggs &
Boland, who were
merchant tailors, and
after working there
for a time he entered
the Adams National
Bank as a clerk in
1S69. He remained
there for a year, and
in 1870 entered the
employment of Har
vey Arnold & Co.,
calico printers, as
an office boy. The
training he had re
ceived in his father's
store and the expe
rience gained in his
connection with other
establishments, stood
him in good stead,
and his promotion
was steady in his new
place. The print
works were destroyed
by fire in 1872 and
were rebuilt in 1873,
and through all the
vicissitudes of the concern he retained his connection
therewith until 1876, when the corporation of the Arnold
Print Works was organized, and Air. Gallup as one of
the charter members was elected clerk and director.
The same year he also entered into partnership with
Edwin Barnard in the clothing business, and this con
nection was continued until 1881, when he withdrew
from the firm to concentrate his attention on the large
and growing manufacturing'interests with which he was

WILLIAM A. GALLUP

concerned. In 1877 Air. Gallup purchased his father's
interest in the cotton manufacturing firm of Gallup,
Houghton ec Smith, who operated the Beaver ALU, and
in 1878 Messrs. Gallup and Houghton bought out Air.
Smith, and the copartnership then formed continues
to-day. In 1883 Mr. Gallup was made treasurer of the
Arnold Print Works, and still holds that position. He
was also treasurer of the North Pownal and Williams
town Alanufacturing companies from 1877 to 1882, and
is still a director of
those concerns. Air.
Gallup has never held
political office, al
though his opinions
are pronounced, and
as an independent
Cleveland Democrat
he holds an influen
tial position in his
party. He has been
identified with St.
John's Episcopal
Church of North
Adams for many
years, and for fifteen
years has been a
vestryman of the
parish. He is a lib
eral supporter of the
church, but his bene
factions have not
been limited to the
ecclesiastical organi
zation with which he
is connected. A
large and well-
appointed addition
which was made in
1892 to the North
Adams Hospital was
his gift as a memorial to his wife, who died Oct. 31,
1889. The business abilities of Air. Gallup have placed
him in a commanding position among the business men
of Western Massachusetts. His high character and
steadfast integrity have won for him the respect of the
community in which he dwells. Air. Gallup's future
business career promises to be one of still greater benefit
to the town and State, of which he is a valued and thor
oughly representative citizen.

A BEAUTIFUL New England town, with a population of 10,000; with the best of schools, churches and
libraries ; with diversified industries giving employment to the people ; situated in a beautiful valley,
which is surrounded almost on every hand by rugged hillsides, the famous Berkshire Hills, with Greylock towering
over all, — such, in brief, is the town of Adams as it exists to-day. This is a different picture from that of the
wilderness. The valley of the " Hoosuck " it was then called. Captain Thomas Wells petitioned for a survey and
opening for settlement, and Captain Ephraim Williams, from whom Williamstown takes its name, was made the
chairman of a commission to lay out the towns. That was in 1738. Two years later three townships were mapped
out. East Hoosuck was one of the three, and that constituted what is now Adams and North Adams. Oct. 15,
1778, a special act of the Legislature permitted the changing of the name of the plantation of East Hoosuck to
Adams, a name given in honor of Samuel Adams, the illustrious leader of the Revolution, one of the signers of
the Declaration of Independence, and afterwards governor of Massachusetts.
Cotton manufacturing has been one of the principal industries of the town since 1810, when the
first cotton mill was erected in the north part of the town by Benjamin Sibley, Captain Jeremiah Colgrove and
others, and it would be interesting, if space permitted, to trace the growth of that great industry down to the
present, and compare the little, almost insignificant, mills of that time with the magnificent mills of to-day, the
superb factories of the Berkshire and Renfew companies, hardly surpassed in the world, and equipped with the
best machinery that mechanical skill can produce. It is worthy of note that the first factory in Adams proper was
the old Plunkett Mill, there being only a grist mill preceding it. From that time to the present the name of
Plunkett has been an honored one in the manufacturing industries of Berkshire.
In 1877 the town of Adams had grown too large and unwieldy, and by legislative act it was divided into
Adams and North Adams, and the prosperous daughter is now sturdy and strong, with a population of nearly if not
quite eighteen thousand.
The present business community of Adams is exceedingly enterprising and active. In the last ten years
the vast output of its manufactories has doubled in value, and the town has increased in population proportionally.
Among the manufacturing concerns are the Berkshire Cotton Alanufacturing Company, which manufactures
sateens and lawns, the Renfrew Manufacturing Company, which makes fine ginghams, the L. L. Brown Paper
Company, which turns out some of the best ledger paper that is made in the world ; then there are the cotton
warp factories of W. C. Plunkett & Sons and Adams Brothers"& Co., and the large lime-kilns of L. J. Follett &
Sons, whose lime is sent all over the country, and numerous smaller industries. There are seven churches in
town : the Baptist, Congregational, Episcopal, Methodist, two Roman Catholic, St. Charles and Notre Dame,
and Universalist. The scenery of the town is very beautiful, the Hoosac Alountain on the east commanding a view of the
Deerfield and Hoosac valleys, while in the northwestern part of the town is Greylock Mountain, the highest point
in the State. The mountain is converted into a park, and it has been reserved for that purpose by an act of the
Legislature. It is surmounted by an iron tower forty feet high, and the view from it is unsurpassed in the county.
Below lies the valley of the Hoosac, nearly three thousand feet below ; Pittsfield, the county seat, with its beautiful
lakes, and many smaller villages, are to be seen in the valleys and on the hills ; southwestward the eye sweeps over
the top of the Taghconics, away to the Catskills beyond the Hudson. Northwest the peaks of the Adirondacks
are visible ; in the north the sturdy ridges of the Green Mountains file away in grand outline ; on the east Monad-
nock and Wachusett can be plainly seen, and Tom and Holyoke guard the Connecticut River that flows between
them ; southward Mount Everett stands at the portal of Berkshire, through which the Housatonic flows, and all
this grand circuit is filled with hills, mountains and valleys.

576

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

OSCAR A. ARCHER, of North Adams, was born in
Livonia, N. Y., Sept. 3, 1829, and is the son of
Benjamin and Clarissa Archer. Mr. Archer's father
was a native of Vermont, and his mother came from
good Massachusetts stock. His early education was
obtained in the district schools, and in 1850 he was ap
pointed by the county of Livingston, N. Y., a pupil in
the Albany Normal School, from which he was graduated
in 1 85 1. Before entering the normal school Mr. Archer
worked three years
at the harness mak
ing trade for his
father. He taught
school in 1851-52,
and later was a
teacher for four
years in the New
York Conference
Seminary at C h a r-
lotteville, N. Y. Mr.
Archer was married,
May 24, 1856, to
Helen Al a r y, the
eldest daughter o f
John R. Blackinton,
of Blackinton, North
Adams, Mass., and
in the same year
entered the employ
of S. Blackinton &
Co., woollen manu
facturers, as book-
keeper. He re
mained as book
keeper and confiden
tial clerk until 1876,
wheti the S. Blackin
ton Woollen Com
pany was organized
as a corporation and
he was elected treasurer, an office which he still holds.
Mr. Archer has always taken a lively interest in educa
tional methods and has been a member of the North
Adams School Board for twenty-five years. He was
one of the selectmen of the town for two years. His
financial experience has not been limited. Fie has
been a trustee of the Hoosac Savings Bank since its
formation, and its president for about ten years and
still holds that office. Air. Archer was instrumental in

OSCAR A. ARCHER.

establishing the Blackinton Free Library in 1869, and
has been the librarian since that time. In this capacity
he has been enabled to accomplish much good for the
intellectual life of the community. He has also been
chairman for several years of the Book Committee of
the North Adams Library. Mr. Archer has always taken
a keen interest in literary, musical and educational mat
ters, and is an amateur florist with the means to gratify
his cultivated tastes. In politics Mr. Archer has been a
Republican since the
formation of that
party, and not in
frequently during
the campaigns his
contributions to the
party literature are
read with interest,
and his voice is
heard in behalf of
the political princi
ples which he sup
ports with so much
ability. In religious
matters Mr. Archer
is an earnest but lib
eral-minded Baptist,
and he is superin
tendent of the Union
Sunday -school in
Blackinton. It will
be seen from what
has been said that
Air. Archer is inter
ested in every good
work and is liberal
of his means and of
his strength in the
promotion of what
ever tends to the
welfare of the com
munity. He has a beautiful home overlooking the
Hoosac Valley, opposite old Saddle Mountain, in which,
with books, pictures, music and flowers, he finds relief
from the exacting cares of business. Aside from the
office of selectman, Air. Archer has never been in
duced to accept any political honors, his many other
duties having kept him fully occupied. Mr. and Mrs.
Archer have been blessed with six children, five of whom
are living.

A DA. IIS.

577

JAMES C. CHALMERS, of Adams, one of the lead
ing manufacturers of that town, was born in Barr
head, Renfrewshire, Scotland, Sept. 9, 1840. He comes
of sturdy family, whose name is a familiar one in Scot
tish annals, his parents being John and Janet PoUock
Chalmers. The subject of this sketch cam.e, with his
parents, to America in the year 1849, and settled in the
thriving town of Adams. He attended the public
schools of that place until he was fourteen years of age.
His first experience
in business affairs
was obtained in the
offices of William
Pollock, of Adams,
and L. Pomeroy's
Sons, of Pittsfield,
where he was e m-
ployed for some
time. In April,
1857, Mr. Chalmers
entered the employ
of the 'Laconic Mills,
Pittsfield, and re
mained with that
corporation, doing
faithful work, until
September, 1862,
when he enlisted in
the Thirty-seventh
Regiment of Massa
chusetts A7olunteers,
which did splendid
service with the
Army of the Poto
mac. Mr. Chalmers
participated in nu
merous engage
ments, and was se
verely wounded in
the Battle of the
Wilderness, May 6, 1864. In July of the same year
Mr. Chalmers received his discharge for disability, hold
ing at that time the rank of first lieutenant. In Sep
tember, 1864, Air. Chalmers again entered business life,
this time in the office of William Pollock, of Adams, and
in May of the following year became a partner in the
firm of William Pollock & Co., cotton manufacturers of
Adams. On the death of Mr. Pollock, which occurred
in 1866, the partnership was dissolved, and in May,

JAMES C. CHALMERS

1867, the Renfrew Manufacturing Company was incor
porated, with Mr. Chalmers as the first treasurer. At
the beginning the corporation had a capital stock of
one hundred thousand dollars, which was afterwards
increased from time to time until it reached fifteen
hundred thousand dollars in 1884, and a magnificent
business was built up. For many years the Renfrew
Manufacturing Company has been one of the greatest
industries of the town, and has won and maintained an
enviable reputation
in the business
world. In February,
1885, Mr. Chalmers
resigned the office of
treasurer, which he
had held for eighteen
years, and was elected
vice-president of the
corporation, which
position he still re
tains. He is in many
respects a remark
able business man,
strong alike as one
of the heads of a
great corporation,
and in his faithful
attention to the de
tails of a large busi
ness. In June, 1865,
Air. Chalmers mar
ried the eldest
daughter of Judge
H. J. Bliss, of Adams,
and they have no
children. While
naturally the best
work of Mr. Chal
mers's active life thus
far, aside from his
army record, has been given to the corporation with
which he is connected, he has still recognized the claim
of good citizenship in innumerable ways. For two
years he was chairman of the Board of Assessors of
Adams, and for ten years has been one of the town
auditors. In both of these positions he has performed
service of a high order, and his business talents have
been of great value to the town. In politics Mr.
Chalmers is a Republican.

578

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

WILLIAM BROWN PLUNKETT was born, April
2, 1850, in the town of Adams, and is the son
of William C. and Louisa B. Plunkett. He was edu
cated in the schools of his native town and at the
Munro Collegiate Institute at Elbridge, N. Y. When
he became of age he entered into partnership in the
firm of Plunkett & Wheeler, cotton warp manufacturers,
and later another firm was formed to manufacture cot
ton warp, under the name of ,W. C. Plunkett &rSons,in
which the subject of
this sketch was also
a partner. In 1879
Al r . Plunkett was
chosen manager and
treasurer of the
Greylock ALUs for
the manufacture of
ginghams at Grey
lock, North Adams,
and under his con
trol the plant has
increased from two
hundred looms, in
1880, to six hundred
looms in 1892. In
1882 the mill at
Arnoldsville was
bought of Henry
Millard, and in 1887
was consolidated
with the Greylock
plant, under the
name of Greylock
Mill, No. 2. About
five hundred hands
are employed at
mill No. 1, and
about one hundred
and twenty-five at
mill No. 2. In 1879
W. C. Plunkett & Sons bought the Adams Paper ALU in
Adams, removed the machinery for the manufacture of
paper, and placed in its stead machinery for the manu
facture of cotton goods. This mill was subsequently
burned, and next the Berkshire Cotton Alanufacturing
Company was established in 1889, and Air. Plunkett
was chosen treasurer and manager. The company
erected a large mill containing thirty-five thousand
spindles, which was completed in 1890. and another

WILLIAM' B. PLUNKETT.

mill, containing forty-one thousand spindles, which was
completed in 1892. These factories turn out fine
sateens and lawns, and are being operated with marked
success. In 1884 Mr. Plunkett's father died, and Mr.
Plunkett became the senior member of the firm of W.
C. Plunkett & Sons, which now consists of William B.
Plunkett and his younger brother, Charles. In addition,
as has been stated, Mr. Plunkett is the treasurer and
manager of the Berkshire Cotton Alanufacturing Com-
pany, and of the
Greylock Mills, and
more than one thou
sand seven hundred
people are employed
under his direction,
while the capital
employed is more
than one million
six hundred thou
sand dollars. He is
also president of the
Greylock National
Bank of Adams, and
a director in the
Berkshire Afutual
Life Insurance Corn-
pan y of Pittsfield,
and in the Berkshire
Afutual Fire Insur-
a n c e Company of
Pittsfield, and in
several Boston com
panies. Air. Plun
kett is an earnest
and influential mem
ber of the Republi
can party, and in
1892 was a delegate
to the National Con
vention at Al i n n e-
apolis. Although often requested to accept office at the
hands of his fellow-citizens, he has uniformly declined,
owing to the demands upon his time of the great busi
ness interests in his keeping. Mr. Plunkett is not only
a man of great ability, capable of successfully conduct
ing the financial interests in his charge, but he has also a
striking personal appearance, being over six feet four
inches in height, and possessing the impressive features
of a man of marked force and individuality.

ADAMS.

579

JAMES RENFREW, JR.

M'

i ANY years ago, when the raw material that is
produced in the sunny cotton fields of the
South had to be transported to England, manufactured
and brought back to supply the American market, busy
brains were at work solving the problem of making the
same goods within our own domain. In the success
that afterwards attended these efforts, the town of Adams
has secured and deserved a full share, and it is one of
her most successful makers of cotton goods that is the
subject of this brief biographical sketch. The Renfrew
Gingham Works has a reputation that extends to the
four corners of civilization, and to many of the remote
places of the earth, on account of the excellence as
well as the usefulness of its chief product. James
Renfrew, Jr., of Adams, one of the most ingenious,
important and substantial of the cotton manufacturers
of the United States, was born in Scotland, the land
of sterling mechanical genius, in 1840. He attended
school in that country, and came to America in 1849,
when he was nine years of age. Here he attended the
district schools, and later took an academic course.
For about five years, after having completed his school
ing, Mr. Renfrew was a book-keeper in the employ of
the Taconic Mills Company, in Pittsfield ; but nearly
all his business life has been spent in Adams, where he
has practically resided since 1850, in which year he
selected that town as his home. Mr. Renfrew first
began cotton manufacturing in 1864. A brief sketch
of his business career since that time to the present,

when he is the treasurer and manager of the great Ren
frew Gingham Works, of Adams, a corporation with
a capital of $1,200,000, and giving employment to hun
dreds of hands, would seem to be appropriate in a
summary of the active life of Massachusetts of to-day.
In 1864 he first became superintendent of William
Pollock's warp mill, and later was admitted to partner
ship in the concern. In 1866, after Mr. Pollock's death,
the Renfrew Manufacturing Company was formed, tak
ing Mr. Renfrew's name. He was first appointed agent
and manager of the new corporation, and afterwards
elected treasurer, the office which, in conjunction with
that of manager, he at present holds. In addition to
his active duties in connection with the manufacturing
company, Mr. Renfrew is president of the First National
Bank of Adams, and he is also president of the Holyoke
Warp Company, of Holyoke, Mass. In politics Mr.
Renfrew is a Republican, but has never held public
office, the absorbing cares of business occupying much
of his time. His family consists of a wife, daughter and
son. In the roll of successful Berkshire manufacturers
the name of James Renfrew, Jr., stands among the
highest. He has brought to his chosen work those
qualities that have made the New England manufacto
ries at the same time the wonder and the admiration of
the commercial world. His life has been pre-eminently
a useful one, and hundreds of prosperous employees
and his standing in the world of commerce attest the
qualities of the man.

GREENFIELD, the shire town of Franklin County, is a daughter of Deerfield. Bounded on the north by
Bernardston and Lyden, on the west by Shelburne, on the south by Deerfield, and on the east by the
Connecticut River and Gill, the town contains about 17A square miles and 11,325 acres. It is both a progressive
and conservative town. The last census shows that it has about 6,500 inhabitants, and these inhabitants justly
pride themselves that no town in the State vvith an equal number of residents surpasses Greenfield in churches,
schools, libraries, water supply, sanitary improvements, streets, sidewalks, well-kept lawns, local government, or in
enterprising merchants, careful farmers and level-headed manufacturers.
The town also prides itself on its natural beauty. The hills of Shelburne, Colrain, Bernardston, Deerfield
and other towns are delightful to look upon, and are picturesque in all seasons. Over one hundred carriage
drives lead into or surround the town. The beautiful Green River murmurs through the lovely meadows, and in
the northeast part of the town the little stream known as Fall River, creeps among the hills and valley and mingles
its waters vvith those of the noble Connecticut. Just east of the village a ridge of trap rock runs parallel with the
Connecticut. This ridge is about two hundred feet higher than the plains at the west on which the main portion
of the town is situated, and from this easy rise, at Poet's Seat, where there is an observatory about thirty feet high,
or at the Sachem's Head, the southerly point of the ridge, the eyes rest upon as beautiful scenery as can be found
anywhere in the State, not even barring the famous Berkshire Hills.
Nine churches adorn Greenfield : the First and Second Congregational, the Third Congregational or
Unitarian, the Church of the Holy 'Trinity (Roman Catholic), St. James Episcopal, Alethodist Episcopal, the
Baptist, the German Alethodist and the German Lutheran.
There is an excellent high school and the grammar, intermediate, primary and district schools are admira
bly kept up, the town last year expending over $20,000 on education. The Prospect Hill School for young
ladies is under the charge of Rev. James C. Parsons, a Unitarian clergyman of high standing.
There are two public libraries, the Greenfield Library Association, vvith about 9,500 volumes, and the Free
Town Library, with about 7,500 volumes.
The town has three national banks, with a capital of ^500,000 and a surplus of Si6o,ooo more. The
Franklin Savings Institution was incorporated in 1834, and its assets amount to S3, 539, 676. The Greenfield
Savings Bank was incorporated in 1869, and its assets amount to Si, 750,000. The Interstate Alortgage and Trust
Company has a capital of S 100,000.
There are prosperous electric light and gas light companies, with the stock owned almost entirely at home,
and before many years they will probably be owned by the town.
Among the numerous and diversified manufacturing industries are two shoe firms that together employ
about 350 hands; iron and steel works that give employment to 300 more; silversmithies that employ 150 more,
and numerous other smaller manufactories.
The railroad facilities of Greenfield are much superior to those of most inland towns. The Fitchburo-
Railroad with two tracks runs east and west, with ten passenger trains in each direction and low rates for shippers.
The Connecticut River Railroad has two tracks running south and one running north, and preparations for build
ing the second track north are well under way, and the passenger service in each direction is excellent. The
town has several excellent hotels and two very beautiful cemeteries. The jail and house of correction is a fine
structure, located about a mile out of the village.
It is only natural that the shire town should be the political centre. All the important county conventions
are held in Greenfield. The offices of the judge and register of probate, clerk of courts, register of deeds and
county commissioners are in the court house.

GREENFIELD.

5«I

„~-

NAHUM S. CUTLER, of Greenfield, was born
in Vernon, Vt., April 7, 1837, and is therefore
in his fifty-sixth year. His father, Zenas, was a native
of Wilmington, Vt., and his great-grandfather was
one of the first settlers in Guilford, Vt. Mr. N. S.
Cutler was educated in the common schools of Ber
nardston, Mass., and in the Goodale Academy and
Powers Institute of the same town. His father at that
time owned the Connable farm, and the minority of the
subject of this sketch
was spent on the
farm, except two
winters when he
taught in the public
schools. On coming
of age, he began
mercantile life by
working as a clerk
in a retail shoe store
in Springfield. This
position he held for
three years. At this
time his brother en
listed in the Forty-
sixth Regiment and
went to the front,
and N. S. Cutler
took his interest in
the firm of Cutler &
Warner, retail boot
and shoe dealers .
The firm increased
their business, and a
large wholesale and
jobbing trade was
established. Later
on, Mr. Warner sold
his interest, and the
firm name became
Cutler, Mcintosh &
Co. For nine years Mr. Cutler remained in the firm
and then withdrew for the purpose of establishing a shoe
factory at Bernardston. He purchased the Dr. John
Brooks place, and the enterprise was successful from
the start, and in 1880 he was employing from thirty
to sixty-five persons. For the purpose of acquiring bet
ter business facilities, in 1880 he decided to remove and
locate in Greenfield. He began in Warner's Building
on Olive Street, with fifty employees and a product not

NAHUM S. CUTLER.

exceeding one hundred and fifty to two hundred pairs
of shoes per day. Mr. Alpheus F. S. Lyons, the super
intendent of the factory, was presented with an interest,
and later, when more capital was needed, Air. D. C. G.
Field, a former president and manager of the John Rus
sell Cutlery Company, became a partner in the firm.
During the past twelve years there has been a steady
and rapid growth of the business, until now the firm
owns and occupies one of the finest brick shoe factories
in Western Massa
chusetts, employing
two hundred and
fifty people, and
producing from fif
teen hundred to
"._*.. eighteen hundred
pairs a day. In 1888
Mr. Cutler was elec
ted a member of the
AlassachusettsHouse of Repre
sentatives, and was
re-elected the fol
lowing year. He
served on the com
mittees on Towns
and Labor, and ren
dered, as he always
does, thorough and
conscientious service
to the State. In
1 89 1 Mr. Cutler was
elected chairman of
the selectmen of
Greenfield, and re
el e c t e d in 1892.
He is also a director
in the Franklin
County National
Bank, and the
Greenfield Electric Light Company. Socially, Mr. Cut
ler is a genial, hospitable gentleman, a great lover of the
fine arts especially, and he can be counted upon to aid
by voice and purse every movement that tends to the
happiness and prosperity of the community in which he
lives. He was married, Nov. 24, 1864, to Miss Hattie
I. Hoyt, a charming lady. They have one son, Henry
H. Cutler, and one daughter, who is now Mrs. Harry W.
Kellogg.

582

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

JAAIES SEYMOUR GRINNELL, of Greenfield, the
son of the late Hon. George Grinnell, comes from
good stock and has honored the family name by good
work in other lines besides his profession. Born in
Greenfield, July 24, 1821, Mr. Grinnell is consequently
in his seventy-second year, but notwithstanding this fact
is as active as men twenty years younger, and his
acquaintance in the county, State and nation is proba
bly wider than that of any other native of his county.
Graduated at Am
herst College in 1842,
he studied law in the
office of Grinnell &:
Aiken and at the
Harvard Law School.
He was admitted to
the bar in 1846 and
opened an office in
Greenfield, and also
had an office in
Orange. He soon
had a valuable office
practice and became
prominent in many
court and jury cases.
A keen student all
his life of agricultural
problems he has been
not merely a theoret
ical but a practical
farmer and an au
thority on crops as
well as law. In 1861
Governor Andrew
commissioned h i m
major of the " Old
Tenth" Regiment,
but family and civil
duties prevented [his
going to the front.
In 1862 he removed to Washington, D C, having been
appointed chief clerk of the Agricultural Department,
for which position his previous studies, experience and
natural tastes had well fitted him. Here he remained
three years and then became chief clerk of the Patent
Office. This place he held ten years, and probably
this office was never more ably filled. In 1876 Mr.
Grinnell was one of the judges of agricultural imple
ments and machinery at the Centennial, and at the close

of his labors there returned to Greenfield to devote
himself to his aged parents. His father died the fol
lowing year, and Mr. Grinnell then became the represen
tative of a family which has been honored and respected
for so many years. In 1882 Mr. Grinnell was elected
State senator as a Democrat in a county that is strongly-
Republican, and his party has since honored him and
itself by nominating him for Congress, for lieutenant-
governor and for treasurer and receiver-general. Presi
dent Cleveland like
wise recognized the
sterling merits of
Mr. Grinnell and ap
pointed him one of
the visitors to the
National Naval Acad
emy at Annapolis,
Md., the only office
which Mr. Grinnell
would accept from
the administration.
Mr. Grinnell has been
one of the trustees
and vice-president of
the Alassachusetts
Agricultural College
for twelve years, and
many years a mem
ber of the State
Board of Agriculture.
Air. Grinnell is now,in
the absence of the
governor, the pre
siding officer of the
board. In this con
nection it is worthy
of note that in Air.
Grinnell's library of
six thousand vol
umes, over two thou
sand treat of agriculture. Air. Grinnell has twice been
married. His first wife was Aliss Anne E. Stannard, of
Fredericksburg, Aa. She died in 1857, two years after
their marriage, leaving no children. In 1879 Mr.
Grinnell and Airs. Anne Katherine Denison were mar
ried in Greenfield. Airs. Grinnell is a daughter of the
late John Russell and sister of Ex-Congressman John
E. RusseU, of Leicester. Air. and Mrs. Grinnell have
no children.

JAMES S. GRINNELL.

GREENFIELD.

5§3

LEVI J. GUNN, of Greenfield, was born in Conway,
Alass., on the 2d of June, 1830. His parents
were Levi and Delia Gunn, both of good New England
stock. The father was a blacksmith by calling, and that
trade the son learned thoroughly during the summer
seasons, attending in the winters of his boyhood the
village schools and later the widely known academy at
Shelburne Falls, of which Professor Pratt was the prin
cipal. After this came the period of sterner and harder
work. For several
years the young man
was with the Con
way Tool Company,
and when that cor
poration moved to
Greenfield Air.
Gunn also located
in the shire town.
This was in 1852,
and the next ten
years of Air. Gunn's
working hours were
passed in the employ
of that company.
For a portion of that
time Air. Gunn and
C. H. Amidon held
the contract for mak
ing all the tools made
by the company.
Such a contract in
those days of course
was regarded as one
of considerable mag
nitude. Up to the
time when these
young men took upon
themselves this busi-
ness responsibility,
the work had been
done wholly by hand. The enterprising contractors
changed this, and by introducing machinery of their own
devising did the work much cheaper than formerly. Thus
it can be truthfully said that in this branch of industry
Gunn and Amidon were pioneers. 'They were destined
soon to reap the benefit of their talents, for in 1868
the firm of Gunn & Amidon was organized ; a factory
was built near the place that is now known as Gunn ct
Amidon Pond, situated in the north of Greenfield, and

LEVI J. GUNN

a successful business established. It was at this time
that Henry L. Pratt took a third interest in the com
pany and the splendid water power on the Miller's
River was purchased. The burning of the Greenfield
factory simply hastened matters, for The Miller's Falls
Company was immediately organized, and from that
time until now it has had an increasingly successful
business. When one reflects that this company gives
employment to two hundred and fifty persons, and that,
while the sales last
year amounted to
$375, °oo, over $100-
000 was paid out in
w[ages, it becomes
evident not only that
the business is well
managed, but that
the rates of wages
are comparatively
high, and that Mr.
Gunn's employees
are well treated, a
point of fundamen
tal importance in the
life of any man who
aspires to be a true
success. Air. Gunn
has been treasurer
of the company from
its organization ; has
kept his residence
in Greenfield and
has served the town
as assessor and se
lectman. In 1885
and 1886 Mr. Gunn
was elected State
senator, and served
on the committees
on the Hoosac Tun
nel and Manufactures. In 1888 and 1889 he was
elected a member of the governor's council and served
on the Hoosac Tunnel and Pardon committees. He
is a director in the Franklin County Bank and a trustee
and member of the Board of Investment of the
Greenfield Savings Bank, and has held other positions
of trust. He was married to Miss Esther C. Graves,
in Sunderland, Oct. 5, 1853, and they have one son,
L. Walter Gunn.

THE town of Orange, in Franklin County, was incorporated Feb. 21, 18 10, and the first town meeting was held
April 2, 1810. The taxable area of the town comprises twenty thousand two hundred and ninety-seven
acres, and it measures in length about fifteen miles from northeast to southwest, and varying in width from three
to ten miles. It is pleasantly situated on the banks of Aliller's River, on the main line of the Fitchburg
Railroad, eighty-six miles from Boston and one hundred miles east of 'Troy, N. Y., and eight miles from the
New Hampshire line, and twelve miles from Vermont. ( (range is known far and wide on account of its thrifty
and successful manufacturers. The New Home Sewing-AIachine Company leads this shining list, employing a
force of six hundred men. Next is J. B. Reynolds, the shoe manufacturer, who keeps three hundred people satis
factorily employed. The Rodney Hunt Machine Company employs about two hundred men, as also does the Chase
Turbine Alanufacturing Company. 'Phe National Key and Box Company has two hundred and twenty-five people,
the Orange Furniture Company, one hundred, and the Leavitt Machine Company nearly as many. Hence it can
readily be figured that the leading manufacturers of the town employ fifteen hundred and twenty-five men, and as
the kind of manufacturing in Orange demands skilled labor in every department, the town is benefited by having
a thrifty and industrious class of citizens, who, as a rule, own the homes they occupy. The town put in sewers in
1891, and the following year a complete system of water works was established. Five hundred thousand dollars
was expended for new buildings in 1892, which included one hundred and six dwelling-houses, a Congregational
Church, a Grand Army Atemorial Hall, Alasonic Temple and three business blocks, besides large additions to the
New Home Sewing-Machine factories. The valuation of the town is about three million dollars, and is increasing
about one quarter of a million each year. The town and vicinity support over fifty stores, five hotels, seven
churches of various denominations, and two weekly papers. Secret orders thrive there, and no less than twenty-five
have thrifty organizations, the Masons and Odd Fellow's having a membership of about two hundred each and
both possessing palatial quarters.
The citizens of Orange have always been awake to the importance of good schools. Alodern and substan
tial school buildings have been erected, as soon as they were needed. The high school and the Cheney Street
buildings on the "South Side," built of brick with brownstone trimmings, are fine examples of educational
architecture. The town has been very liberal in appropriations for the support of schools, and it has each year granted
without opposition the full amount estimated as necessary for their maintenance. The School Committee has been
fortunate in having secured in the past a long line of excellent teachers — many of them with normal training —
who have by earnest and faithful work raised the standard and given a standing to the schools of Orange of which
the people are very proud. For several years the town, taking advantage of the generous State law, has united
with two smaller towns in forming a union district, and employed a superintendent of schools. 'Phe results of this
plan in securing uniformity of work and other benefits which naturally follow a more careful supervision than is
possible under a committee system, have been, on the whole, very satisfactory.
A large and well-equipped high school has been maintained by the town for many years. A three and a
four years' course of study is provided, and every possible effort is made to induce pupils to seek, after graduation,
the advantages of higher education. 'Phe common schools, which are carefully graded, are following out a plan of
work which requires nine years to complete. Pupils are regularly promoted each year, and admitted to high school
on a scholarship certificate from the ninth grade. 'Phe regular attendance on these schools has been high, the
average based on the average membership being ninety-four per cent.
To the men whose brief sketches follow this brief account should be given the full credit of the prosperity
which the town is enjoying. They are the heads of the concerns who employ the labor of the town, and they go
hand in hand with their employees in the laudable ambition of making Orange a good place to live in, socially
as well as financially.

ORANGE.

585

WILLIAM L. GROUT, one of the pioneer sewing-
machine manufacturers of the world, is one of
the three owners of the New Home sewing-machine
plant at Orange. Born in Winchendon, Mass., the son
of Lewis Grout, a sturdy New England farmer, he spent
his boyhood on a farm, and received the ordinary dis
trict-school education. A half century ago, from the
age of eighteen to twenty-five years, he labored in his
native town and vicinity in wood-working shops, much
of the time as fore
man, and, during his
twenty-fifth year be
came a partner in
the business. At that
age he began the
manufacture of sew
ing-machines in his
native town. In
those days the man
ufacture of sewing-
machines was con
sidered folly. He
received no words of
encouragement from
his townspeople, and
capital turned its
back on what it
thought was a " wild
cat " scheme, which
could originate only
in the brain of a
school-boy. This
did not discourage
Air. Grout, who was
born with a positive
disposition. He de
clared, in 1857, that
a sewing-machine
would be made to
do family and all
kinds of sewing successfully, and which could be sold at
a price so low that every woman in America could have
one as a pleasant divider of her toil, thus making her
burdens lighter. In 1858 he formed a partnership
with Thomas White, and moved the business to Tem-
pleton, Mass. Here the output increased so rapidly
that they were forced back to Winchendon for the sake
of better transportation facilities. There Mr. Grout
became sole proprietor, and increased the business

WILLIAM L. GROUT

almost daily, until he had a flattering offer to move his
plant to Canada. This he did, and there made the
"G" sewing-machine, well known during the "sixties."
He continued the manufacture of that machine until
about 1870, when he became associated with the New
Home Sewing- Machine Company, of which he is now
one of the owners. His first idea about the New
Home sewing-machine was to introduce it in Europe.
In this he was highly successful ; he made sixteen trips
across the Atlantic,
and visited every
principal place in
the Old World, estab
lishing a trade that
the company is en
joying to-day. Air.
Grout was acting
superintendent
of the New Home
sewing-machine fac
tory during the years
of labor troubles, and
among his six hun
dred employees the
best feelings always
prevailed. There
was never a strike or
demand for more
wages in the New
Home factories,
which is to Air.
Grout's credit in
common with the
company. Mr. Grout
is pleasantly situated
at his home in
Orange. He likes
good horses, and at
his stock farm he
has half a dozen that
can "road" in less than 2.50, including his favorite
stallion, Cohannet, who has a record of 2.17. In 1856
Mr. Grout married Ellen Hemenway, of Barre, Alass.,
and they have seven children, — William L., Jr., Frank
L., Fred E., Charles B., Carl A., Mrs. Willard A. Graves
and Mrs. Everett L. Swan. Air. Grout is president of
the Orange Co-operative Bank. He is a Democrat,
refused a nomination for Congress in 1888, and has
never accepted public office.

586

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

<%.

LEVI KILBURN, the present treasurer and a director
of the Chase Turbine Manufacturing Company, of
Orange, was born in Winchendon, Mass., Jan. 29, 1816,
the third of eight children of John and Esther Kilburn.
Mr. Kilburn was employed till twenty-one in the pursuit
of education, under difficulties, school being taught but
eight weeks in the year. During this time he assisted
his father in farming and running a saw-mill. At twenty-
one, vvith the savings of his boyhood's labors, he, with
his brother John,
bought the old home
stead and mill, estab
lished the firm of
J. & L. Kilburn, and
entered the bus
iness of sawing lum
ber and the manufac
ture of chair stock.
He continued in the
firm until 1 841, when
he sold his interest,
moved to Gardner,
Mass., and entered
the employ of L.
Heywood, chair man
ufacturer. He stayed
there a year and a
a half, and then took
charge for that com
pany of a chair man
ufactory at Temple-
ton, Alass., where he
remained until 1849.
He then moved to
Orange and entered
upon an engagement
with Davis & Kil
burn, chair and fur- LEVI KILBURN.
niture manufacturers,
for whom he man
aged the business until 1852. When the factory was
destroyed by fire that year Air. Kilburn began the man
ufacture of chairs on his own account, and in 1855 he
sold out and joined Hamilton Holt, of Worcester, in
the lumber business. Air. Kilburn staying in Orange,
the firm did a good business until i860, when Air.
Kilburn took the management of a chair factory on the
site of the present Chase Turbine Manufacturing Com
pany's shops. For the benefit of the creditors of White

& French, in 1862 he organized the firm of L. Kilburn
& Co., with Richard French and G. E. Poland as part
ners. Mr. Poland retired in 1868, and L. E. Holmes
was admitted as a partner. For several years the com
pany did a flourishing business, employing about one
hundred and twenty-five men in the factory, besides
nearly three hundred people about the town who placed
the cane bottoms and backs in the chairs. From 1867
until 1873 L. Kilburn & Co. operated a furniture factory
in connection with
their chair factory.
In 1867 Kilburn &
Co. became inter
ested in the Turbine
Water Wheel Com
pany, now the Chase
Turbine Manufactur
ing Company. Air.
Kilburn was then
made treasurer, a po
sition he holds to the
present time. In
1868 the chair fac
tory was destroyed
by fire, and its site
was covered the fol
lowing year by a fac
tory of the Chase
Turbine Alanufactur
ing Company. This
company employs
about two hundred
men, and turns out
water wheels, shingle
mills and general mill
machines. In 1840
Mr. Kilburn married
Isabel R., daughter
of Obadiah Walker,
of Winchendon. In
1890 the happy couple celebrated their golden wedding
and received a warm reception from their townspeople
and friends. Air. Kilburn in politics is a Democrat,
and in religion a Universalist. He is one of the founders
of the Orange Savings Bank and one of its trustees.
He was also interested in the organization of the Orange
National Bank, and is one of its present Board of Di
rectors. Mr. and Airs. Kilburn reside in a palatial home
on High Street.

ORANGE.

587

JOHN WILSON WHEELER, of Orange, is a native
of that town, and has always resided there, with
the exception of a year or two spent in Fitchburg. He
was born Nov. 20, 1832, the second of nine children of
Wilson and Catherine (Holmes- Warden) Wheeler, and
his only education was obtained in the public schools.
For a year or two after his majority he worked as a
carpenter; from 1856 to 1862 he was employed in a
general store in Orange ; then, for a few months' time
he was occupied in
the claim agency
business ; and from
1863 to 1867 was
engaged in mercan
tile business on his
own account. In
this year, at the age
of thirty-five, Afr.
Wheeler associated
himself with others,
and became engaged
in the manufacture
of sewing-machines,
under the firm name
of A. F. Johnson &
Co. Two years
later, in 1869, a cor
poration was organ
ized, known as the
"Gold Medal Sew
ing-Machine Com
pany." In 1882 the
corporate name was
changed to "The
New Home Sewing-
Machine Company,"
and the business has
grown from its small
beginnings till it now
employs nearly six
hundred men, and turns out nearly four hundred finished
machines a day. From the start, Mr. Wheeler has been
the financial manager and one of the controlling spirits
of this enterprise. In January, 1881, he was elected
trustee of the Orange Savings Bank, and five years later
was made president, which position he now holds. He
has been one of the directors of the Orange National
Bank since June, 1880, and in January, 1888, was elected
vice-president. In January, 1889, he was elected direc-

JOHN W. WHEELER

tor in the Gossard Investment Company, located in
Kansas City, Mo. In December, 1890, Mr. Wheeler
was elected president of the Worcester Northwest Agri
cultural and Alechanical Society at Athol, Mass., and in
1 89 1 was elected president of the Boston Alutual Life
Association of Boston. In 1892 he was chosen direc
tor in the United Coal Company at Denver, Col. In
politics Mr. Wheeler is a Republican, and has been
called by his fellow-citizens to positions of responsibility
and honor. From
1 8 6 1 to 1867 he
served as town clerk,
in 1866 was one of
the selectmen of the
town, and in 1876
was elected a mem
ber of the Legisla
ture. In 1 8 8 8 h e
was one of the dele
gates to the National
Republican Conven
tion at Chicago
which nominated
President Harrison.
He is a prominent
Mason, was one of
the founders of
Orange Lodge, or
ganized in 1859, was
its first secretary, af
terwards its treas
urer, and was also
a charter member
and first treasurer of
Crescent Royal Arch
Chapter, organ
ized in 1884. Mr.
Wheeler was married
in Orange, Oct. 9,
1856, by Rev. Hosea
Ballou, to Almira E., daughter of Daniel and Almira
(Porter) Johnson. Three children have been born of
this union, but only one survives, — Marion L., wife of
John B. Welch. Mr. Wheeler resides about a mile from
Orange Village, on his " Grand View Farm," where,
while still closely attending to business, he finds
recreation in breeding fine horses and cattle, to which
pleasant and interesting occupation he devotes a large
share of his leisure time.

588

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

ALPHEUS HARDING, son of Rev. Alpheus and
Sarah Bridge Harding, was born in New Salem,
Mass., Jan. 12, 1818. His father was a settled minister
in New Salem more than forty years, and especially
prominent in connection with the academy, the public
schools and the general educational interests of his
time. Alpheus, Jr., was fitted for college in the acad
emy at New Salem, and entered Amherst College in
1833, leaving the next year, on account of sickness. In
1835 he entered a
store as clerk and
continued for
twenty-one years in
mercantile life in
Worcester and
Franklin counties,
till 1856. During
this time he was ten
years postmaster of
New Salem, and
served the town
about the same
length of time as
town clerk and treas
urer, also serving at
various times as
chairman of the
boards of selectmen,
assessors and over
seers of the poor.
He was a member of
the House of Repre
sentatives from New
Salem in 1851-52,
taking part in the
long and memorable
struggle which re
sulted in the elec
tion of Charles Sum
ner to the United
States Senate for the first time. He again represented
New Salem in the Legislature of 1853, took part in the
formation of the Free-soil party and acted with it till
the formation of the Republican party, of which he has
been an ardent supporter to the present time. Since
1856 he has been a member of the Board of Trustees
of New Salem Academy. In 1856, having received the
appointment of cashier of the Aliller's River Bank of
Athol, Mass., he removed to that town, where he still

ALPHEUS HARDING

resides. After serving as cashier for eleven years the
bank was changed to a national bank, under the name
of the Miller's River National Bank of Athol, Mass., and
Air. Harding was made president, an office which he still
holds, having served as president twenty-six years.
In 1863 and 1867 he represented the towns of Athol
and Royal ston in the Legislature, serving both years on
the Committee on Railroads. While a member of the
House, in 1867, he obtained a charter forthe Athol Sav
ings Bank, an insti
tution which com
menced business in
1867, and now has
deposits of nearly
two million dollars.
Mr. Harding was its
treasurer till January,
1892, when he be
came president. In
1879 and 1880 Air.
Harding was a sen
ator from the Fourth
Worcester District,
serving the first year
on the committees
on Banks and Bank
ing, and Labor, and
the second year as
chairman of the
committees on Banks
and Banking, and
Education, and a
member of the Com
mittee on Towns.
In June, 1880, he
was a delegate to
the National Repub
lican Convention.
He was married in
1842 to Maria P.
Taft, of Dudley, Alass. Their surviving children are :
Ella M., who married Colonel A. L. Newman, late pres
ident of the National Bank of the Commonwealth, Bos
ton, and William B., secretary of the Chemical Paper
Company of Holyoke. Air. Harding, in connection
with several other prominent citizens of Athol, feeling
the need of a liberal church in that community, assisted
in the formation of the Second Unitarian Church, which
has developed into a useful and successful organization.

THE healthy, picturesque and progressive town of Palmer is situated on the main line of the Boston & Albany
Railroad, fifteen miles from Springfield, and is about equally divided in its industrial interests between
manufacturing and agriculture. The town proper is really a coUection of four small villages, the larger of which
is Palmer Depot, in the location above described. The population of these combined villages in 1892 exceeded
6,500. The other villages of the quartette are Thorndike, Three Rivers and Bondsville.
John King, who established himself on the site of the present centre of the town about the year 17 17, was
in all probability the first of the early settlers of Palmer. At least there are no records to show any priority of
claim to this honor. Mr. King's sons and daughters, of whom he had about a dozen, for it was the fashion of our
ancestors to have as many children as possible, according to the scriptural saying, "Blessed is the man who
hath his quiver full of them," settled with him along the north side of the Quaboag River, forming a settlement
that afterward became known as King's Row, although the whole town was called Kingstown, or Kingsfield, at a
later date. The town was formally settled ten years later than the above date by a company of Scotch-Irish emi
grants, although their claim to the land was disputed. The settlers finally petitioned the Legislature for a grant
of the land ; a commission was appointed by that body, and grants were made to forty-four people. These people
were constituted the proprietors of the town, with power to take and divide any land in the town which was not
otherwise pre-empted. With the granting of the land there was levied a tax, which, although only amounting to
about six hundred and thirty dollars, or four cents an acre, the inhabitants were unable to pay on account of their
extreme poverty, and sought relief by a petition to the Legislature. This tax was finally divided into four parts, and
the settlers succeeded in paying it. Almost with the first settlement of the town a very respectable tavern was built,
and the town has not been without a hostelry since that day.
In 1735 the inhabitants of the town made their first attempt at organization, but their petition to the
Legislature to be set off as a town failed of passage. The place was incorporated as a district in 1752,
and became a town in 1786, under the law which granted that right for all places that had been made
districts prior to 1777. It was about this time that the place was christened by its present title, Lieutenant-
Governor Spencer Phipps bestowing the name Palmer in honor of a relative who had died a short time before in
Scotland. The growth of the town has been comparatively slow, but its citizens have never lacked in patriotism
and it is recorded that in the Revolutionary War some Palmer men fought for their country, while the town
furnished its share of volunteers in the War of the Rebellion. Their valor has been commemorated by the erec
tion of a fine Memorial Hall. The main portion of the town forms the chief business centre, and it is here that
the Palmer National Bank, established in 1875, and the Palmer Savings Bank, incorporated in 1870, are located.
The churches and schools of Palmer have kept pace with the growth of the community, while the town has many
other improvements to its credit.
Up to the year 1824 the principal business was the pursuit of agriculture, although, as was common in many
other places, there was a grist mill or two before that year. Several different industries were started a year or two
before, but none flourished for a great length of time. In 1824 the Palmer Manufacturing Company located in
Three Rivers, but failed four years later. In 1832 the plant was started in the manufacture of common white
cotton goods, which later gave way to the making of fancy dress goods. The Thorndike Company, located in the
village of the same name, began operations in 1837, and has continued ever since in the manufacture of cotton
ticks and stripes, while the Boston Duck Company, which was organized in 1844, is engaged in the manufacture
of sail cloth and ducking. A good grade of Brussels carpet is also made in the town, and the future of Palmer as
a business nucleus and a magnetic point for population is assured.

590

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

ORRIN PEER ALLEN is a native of Wallingford,
Vt., where he was born Sept. 30, 1833. He is
descended in the eighth generation from the emigrant,
Hope Allen, a currier of Boston in 165 1, through Edward2,
Edward3, Nathaniel4, Joseph5, Robert6, Robert7. His
mother, Eliza Paine DooUttle, is descended in the sixth
generation from the emigrant, Abraham DooUttle, who
came probably from County Bedford, England, about
1638, and was one of the influential settlers [of New
Haven, through
John2, Rev. Ben
jamin3, Amzi4, Ros-
well5. He is also
descended from John
Howland and John
Tulley of the " May
flower," and other
noted early families
of New England,
among which may
be named those of
Coffin, C h i p m a n,
Cady, Cook, Burt,
Bartlett, Barnard,
Gardner, Knapp,
Lee, Philbrick, Skiff,
Strong, Todd and
Winter. Mr. Allen
completed his educa
tion at Chester Acad
emy, Vt., where he
won an enviable po
sition as a student.
During his course of
study there he taught
school in the towns
of Windham, Caven
dish and Vernon,
Vt. After graduating
he taught school for
some time in Hackensack, N. J. He was for several
years superintendent of schools in Vernon, Vt., and
resigned the office on his removal from the State. He
came to Palmer, Mass., Oct. 5, 1859, where he com
menced the business of pharmacy, in which he has
since continued. He evinced in early life a decided
taste for literary pursuits, and his course of reading has
been unusually extensive, ranging through nearly all
departments of literature, and embracing the classics,

ORRIN P. ALLEN

poetry, history and various sciences. He commenced
writing for the press at the age of fifteen and has con
tinued to contribute to numerous publications since.
He has been engaged for several years in preparing
genealogies of the Allen, Cady, DooUttle, Scott and
allied families, soon to be published. He is a member
of the New England Historic Genealogical Society of
Boston, the Potumtuck Valley Memorial Association of
Deerfield, and local secretary of the Connecticut Valley
Historical Society of
Springfield. He has
never sought office,
yet has been called
to fill many places of
trust. He is secre
tary and treasurer of
the Eastern Hamp
den Agricultural So
ciety, which position
he has held for sev
enteen years, and he
has been for many
years a trustee of the
Palmer Savings Bank.
He was for several
years superintendent
of the Sunday-school
connected with the
Second Congrega
tional Church of
Palmer, and contin
ues to be clerk of
both the same church
and parish. He was
one of the prime
movers in the found
ing of the Young
Alen's Library Asso
ciation of Palmer,
having since been
one of its trustees, and for many years its librarian. In
1883, when the history of Palmer was projected, he was
selected by the town as one of the Publishing Commit
tee, of which he was the chairman, and devoted much
time to the collecting of material for the same until its
completion in 1889. Mr. Allen takes a lively interest
in all the progressive movements of his town, in the
futherance of which he is always ready to lend a help
ing hand.

PALMER.

591

CHARLES L. GARDNER, son of Elishaand Elvira
(Sprague) Gardner, was born in Cummington,
Hampshire County, Mass., May 27, 1839, where the
early years of his life were spent. He attended the
public schools of that town and the academy at Ashfield.
After studying law in the office of the late Judge S. T,
Spaulding, a leading lawyer of Hampshire County, at
Northampton, he was admitted to the bar in that city,
in 1867. He entered upon the practice of his profes
sion at Palmer, where
he has since resided,
having become asso
ciated vvith the late
Judge James G. Allen,
under the firm name
of Allen & Gardner.
Phis firm was dis
solved in 1870,
since which time Air.
Gardner has prac
tised alone, his field
covering many of the
towns of Hampden
County, including
Springfield, the
county seat. He
was appointed a
trial justice for
Hampden County
soon after his admis
sion to the bar, and
held that position
until the establish
ment of the district
court at Palmer in
1872. He has a
large and successful
practice and is con
sidered one of the
leading lawyers in
the county. Air. Gardner is a Republican in politics and
or years has been prominent in the councils of that
party, having been called to many positions of honor and
trust, fn 1875 and 1876 he was a member of the lower
branch of the Legislature serving from the Second Dis
trict. During both years he was a member of the
judiciary Committee and, the second year, of the Joint
Special Committee on Constitutional Amendments. In
1878 and 1879 he was a State senator, serving both

CHARLES L. GARDNER

years on the Judiciary Committee, where his legal train
ing was of great value. On retiring from the Senate
he was elected a member of the Republican State Com
mittee and continued in that office two years, acting
on the Executive Committee. He received the appoint
ment of assistant internal revenue assessor and held
that office until it was abolished. In 1886 he became
a member of the Board of Trustees of the State Primary
and Reform schools, but declined a re-appointment at
the expiration of his
term on account of
the demands of pri-
vate business. In
the general election
of 1892 he was
elected to the dis
trict attorneyship of
the Western District,
comprising the coun-
ties of Hampden
and Berkshire, an
office with a term of
three years. In lo
cal affairs Air. Gard
ner has always been
quite prominent.
He has been an
officer in the Palmer
Savings Bank most
of the time since its
organization and
was for several years
its president. For a
score of years he has
been closely identi
fied with the inter
ests of the town and
has always been influ
ential in promoting
its growth and pros
perity. Soon after taking up his residence in Palmer,
Mr. Gardner married rCsther E. Gilmore, of Alonson, a
daughter of Nathaniel Gilmore, formerly a leading citi
zen of Stafford, Conn., now deceased. They have two
children, Charles Gilmore Gardner and Edwin Sprague
Gardner. Air. Gardner's services to his district and to
the Commonwealth have been of such value as to gain for
him the attention and the respect of men of all political
parties.

592

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

WILLIAM WILSON LEACH was born in Mon
son, Mass., Feb. 22, 1856, and resided there
during his youth and school-days. Since his graduation
from college, in 1880, he has been a resident of Palmer,
Mass. His parents were Willard and Lavilla M. Leach,
the former being a native of Vermont and the latter a
descendant of one of the very earliest settlers of Mon
son. Mr. Leach spent the care-free days of boyhood on
a small farm, and his early life was that of the average
New England farmer
boy, with the usual
advantages for edu
cation that are
afforded by the com
mon schools of the
neighborhood. After
a course in the com
mon schools of the
town he entered
Monson Academy,
from which he was
graduated in 1876.
His course in the
academy was fol
lowed by a course
of study in Tufts
College at Medford,
from which institu
tion he was gradua
ted in 1880. Upon
the completion of
his college studies
he entered the law
office of Charles L.
Gardner, in Palmer,
and was admitted to
practice at the [_bar
of Hampden County
in Alarch, 1883. He
has been associated
with Mr. Gardner since that time, and has been very
successful in his profession. In his political affiliations
Air. Leach is a stanch Republican, and is one of the
most prominent members of the party in Hampden
County. In the course of his work for the party he
was chairman of the Republican Town Committee of
Palmer for the five years from 1883 to 1888, and again
in 1890. His work as the head of the working wing of
the party, in this town, was especially successful, and

WILLIAM W. LEACH

won much favorable commendation. In 1889 he was
elected to the House of Representatives of the Massa
chusetts Legislature, and during his membership in that
body he did excellent service for the people on a num
ber of important committees. He was House chairman
of the Committee on Labor, a member of the Com
mittee on Rules, and also of the special committee
appointed during the session to investigate the publica
tion of the Province laws. During his term in the
House Mr. Leach
proved himself to be
a ready debater and
one of the ablest
represen tative s
which the district,
that had chosen him
as its standard-
bearer, ever pos
sessed. Indeed, he
was so highly re
garded that, in 1892,
when the Republi
cans of the Second
Senatorial District
wanted a candidate
to run for senator
against one of the
most popular Demo
crats in this section,
they turned to Air.
Leach, and he, un
doubtedly, could
have had the nomi
nation, but he with
drew from the field
because his law part
ner was a candidate
for the office of dis
trict attorney. He
also holds several
important civil offices. He is president of the Palmer
Co-operative Bank, and secretary and trustee of the
Palmer Savings Bank. He is also secretary and trustee
of the Young Men's Library Association. Mr. Leach
was married, on Aug. 12, 1884, to Ellen E. Sutcliffe, a
very popular teacher in the public schools of Monson
and Palmer, Mass., and his home-life is as attractive to
contemplate as has been his public and professional
record.

PALMER.

593

WILLARD HADLEY STOWE was born in Mor-
ristown, Lamoille County, Vt., June 22, 1844,
the son of Solomon and Ursula G. Stowe, his early boy
hood being spent on his father's farm, while his school
ing was attained by attendance at the district schools.
Later he entered the People's Academy in Morrisville,
where he paid for his tuition by taking care of the
building and ringing the bell, and, like many other
scholars, he boarded himself in order to save expense.
During the winters
he taught school to
provide himself with
books and clothes,
the first term, during
the winter of 1862
and 1863 receiving
seventeen dollars per
month and the priv
ilege of "boarding
around " as payment
for his services. His
life, up to the age of
twenty-one, was
passed in this man
ner. At that age he
entered the Univer
sity of Vermont,
where he spent two
years in the study of
medicine, and then
graduated from the
Bellevue Hospital
College, of New
York, on March 2,
1869. Having thus
acquired the title of
AL D., he began prac
tice in Gilbertville,
Alass., and remained
there for six years,
giving up a lucrative business to establish himself in
Palmer, where he has since practised his profession
with eminent success, being considered one of the best
physicians in that section. Dr. Stowe is not wedded,
save to the profession he so ably represents, but man
ages to extract a great deal of pleasure out of life. He
is a Prohibitionist, and has often had the honor of an
offer of election to various civil and political offices, but
has steadfastly refused them all, preferring to devote his

WILLARD H. STOWE

entire energies to the alleviation of human suffering.
He has been a member of the Eastern Hampden Med
ical Association since its organization in 1880, and was
its president at one time. He is also a Mason, having
joined the order in 1865. Dr. Stowe is a close and
progressive student, and takes much pleasure in his
books and considerable pride in the fact that he has
the largest private library in the town of Palmer. He
is a liberal thinker and ready writer, and has contributed
many papers to the
local press on ques
tions of the day and
on natural history.
Outside of his pro
fession he devotes
considerable time to
the Young Men's Li
brary Association, of
which he is president
at the present time
and of which he is a
charter member.
This organization is
one of the leading
features of the town,
and has comfortable
and spacious quarters
in the recently
erected memorial
hall, which, by the
way, Dr. Stowe was
largely instrumental
in having built. He
has bestowed a great
amount of time and
no little money on
this association,
which has helped to
bring it to a very
flourishing condition
from an exceedingly small beginning. He has done
even more than that, for he has recently given to the
society his large and valuable collection of Indian relics,
historic crockery, pamphlets, books and curios, among
which are many choice things of local interest that can
not be duplicated. Dr. Stowe's reputation as a man of
science is regarded in Palmer as public property, of
which the citizens of the town have every reason to be
proud.

THE fame of the town~of Monson rests literally upon a foundation of granite, for while the town is essentially
a manufacturing community the name Monson has become inseparably associated with the crystalline
mineral which finds its way to all parts of the country. The stone is of several distinct varieties and is used
almost entirely in the construction of buildings and walls, although latterly it has become very popular for monu
mental work. It is found in various tints. There is a beautiful light mottled grey, that resembles marble when
finished, a mottled white and a handsome dark blue. The stone is largely used in Hampden County and neighbor
ing sections, while nearly all of the public buildings in Monson are constructed of it.
Alonson is located in the southeastern part of Hampden County, and covers a territory about forty miles
square. The town was originally a part of Brimfield, and its first stated settlement was in October, 1657, when Richard
Fellows was granted a tract of two hundred acres along the Chicopee River, in the northern part of the present
town. With the grant there was a condition — that Fellows should establish, and run for a period of seven years,
a tavern for the entertainment of man and beast. He did not keep the latter agreement, however, for the Indians
became so troublesome that he had to take his departure from the place, although for some reason or other he did
not forfeit his claim. This settlement by Fellows was fifty years prior to the permanent one, which was made by
Robert Olds, one of the original proprietors of the town of Brimfield. Others were gradually attracted to the
place on account of the richness of the soil, and the settlement became so strong that on June 7, 1757, the people
petitioned to be set off as a district. The district was incorporated April 25, 1760. Alonson was incorporated as
a town Oct. 20, 1775, starting in upon its new life with forty-nine families within its precincts. The growth of the
town since that time has been slow but healthy, until in 1890, according to the United States census, there were
3,650 people in the town.
The present town is one of those pretty New England villages whose praises are so often sounded. It lies
in a narrow valley with low ranges of hills on its eastern and western boundaries, which give it just enough of the
rural to offset the manufacturing of the town proper. Outside of the quarrying of granite the principal industries
of the town are in the manufacture of woollen and straw goods — industries that have thrived for many years.
There are many points of interest in the town, not the least of which are its several memorial buildings. The
largest of these is the Memorial Hall, which was erected in 1884 at a cost of 540,000. The hall is used also as a
town hall, and was jointly built by public and private subscription. In the hall are memorial tablets on which are
inscribed the names of the one hundred and fifty-five townsmen who enlisted in the War of the Rebellion, while
they are again honored by a handsome granite monument, which stands on a green plot in the centre of the town.
The other building referred to is the Horatio Lyon Memorial Library, a handsome building, erected at a cost of
$35,000, and having an endowment from the donor of $20,000 more. Other features of town are the memorial
fountains presented by S. F. Cushman and W. N. Flynt, and the fine park that is being developed by the latter.
The town is particularly strong in its banking institutions also. The Monson National Bank was incorporated in
1854 and reorganized in 1864, while the Monson Savings Bank, which was incorporated in 1872, had deposits of
nearly $700,000 in 1892.
The churches and schools of the town have also attained a very high standard. As early as 1765 the town
appropriated $100 for educational purposes, an amount that has been greatly increased in these later years. The
principal educational institution of the town is the Alonson Academy, which enrolls among its alumni many of the
prominent men of the State and country. The academy was incorporated June 21, 1804, with the endowment of
a half township in Maine under the act relating to academies, passed by the Legislature of 1797. The town
erected the building, and private parties have since contributed a liberal endowment.

MONSON.

595

SOLOMON FRANCIS CUSHMAN, one of the
leading woollen manufacturers of the Bay State,
was born in Monson, Me., Nov. 18, 1826, although
more than half of his life has been spent in the town
of his adoption. His parents were Solomon and Har
riet (Adams) Cushman, who were among the earliest
settlers of the town of his birth. Mr. Cushman himself
is a direct descendant of Robert Cushman, being of the
eighth generation. Mr. Cushman's early school-days
were spent in the
public schools of the
town, and later in
the academy in the
same place, although
he is not a graduate
of any institution.
As a young man he
worked on a farm
and in the lumber
camps of his native
State, but upon at
taining his majority
accepted a place in
a store in the town
of his birth. For
the next five years he
retained this clerk
ship, following with
two years of similar
work in the village
of Three Rivers, a
part of the town of
Palmer, Mass. In
1856 he took up his
residence in Mon
son, Mass., and has
resided there contin
uously since that
time, being one of
the most important
factors in the development of the town. During the
first ten years of his residence there he acted as book
keeper for the Monson Woollen Manufacturing Com
pany, but in 1866 he acquired an interest in the
business, and the partnership thus formed was con
tinued with eminent success for twelve years.. In 1878
Mr. Cushman became the sole proprietor of the con
cern, and he has since conducted its affairs in company
with his sons, the business being run under the title of

SOLOMON F. CUSHMAN

S. F. Cushman & Sons. The same lability to manage
and improve, which characterized Mr. Cushman's work
for the old Monson Company, shows itself only to
a greater degree in the new concern and also seems
to be inherent in his sons. So successful has been
the business that the original mill has been supple
mented by another, both being engaged in the man
ufacture of woollen goods. Mr. Cushman has been an
ardent promoter of Monson's weal, and is prominently
identified with the
town's leading in
stitutions and all
matters of local
importance. Mr.
Cushman is a public-
spirited citizen of
unusual calibre, and
among other things
presented the town
with a handsome
granite drinking
fountain. Mr. Cush
man has always been
a steadfast Republi
can and has often
been elected to
office. His latest
honor was his elec
tion to the State
Senate over one of
the most prominent
Democrats in his
district. He was
also a member of the
State House of Rep
resentatives in 1 88 1
and in 1883. In
both branches of the
Legislature Mr.
Cushman was a very
useful member. He also served as selectman. He is
now president and director of the Savings Bank, vice-
president of the National Bank, treasurer of the Public
Library, and a trustee of the academy. In 1852 he
married Candace Brown Packard, of Monson, Me., who
died in 1890. They had seven children, Edward D.,
Rufus P., Solomon Fred, Hattie F., Thaddeus L. and
Robert H., who still live, and Francis A., who died in
childhood.

596

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

EDWARD FRANKLIN MORRIS, eldest son of
Deacon George Flynt Morris and Sarah (Morse)
Morris, was born in Monson, July 25, 1840. He comes
of an ancient and honorable English family, being of the
eighth generation in lineal descent from Edward Mor
ris of Waltham Abbey, County of Essex, England, who
emigrated to this country and settled at Roxbury,
Mass., in 1652. Mr. Morris was marriedat Easthampton,
Mass., Oct. 25, 1865, to Louise J. Clapp, adopted
daughter of Isaac K.
Clapp of that town.
Four children have
been born to them,
of whom three are
living. They are
Alice Amelia Morris,
Louise Morris and
Edward Lyman Mor
ris. Mr. Morris re
ceived his education
in the common
schools of his native
town and at Monson
Academy, pursuing
at the latter the Eng
lish and scientific
courses. For a short
time after leaving the
academy he taught in
one of the outside
districts of the town.
In 1857, then being
nearly seventeen
years of age, he was
employed as a clerk
in the Monson Bank,
which was at that
time under the cash-
iership of Jonathan
Ralph Flynt, where
he remained over six years, leaving there to become
book-keeper in the Agawam Bank, Springfield. The
cashiership of the Monson Bank becoming vacant soon
after, he was chosen to the position and entered upon
his duties April 1, 1864, a position he still holds. Early
in 1864 the bank was re-organized under the National
Currency Act, it being one of the first banks in this
vicinity to take that step. In 1872 the Monson Sav
ings Bank was incorporated, and the directors of his

EDWARD F. MORRIS

own bank consenting, he was persuaded to accept^the
treasurership of the new institution, to which position
he was elected and which he still holds. For twenty-
one years the two banks occupied the same quarters,
but the Savings Bank will soon occupy separate banking
rooms. Mr. Morris has always given close attention to
the demands of business, social and family life, and
while seeking to be a useful citizen, has never been an
aspirant for public honors. Aside from his bank con
nection, he has filled
many private posi
tions of trust. He
has been a faithful
alumnus of Monson
Academy, having
been a trustee for
about twenty-four
years, the most of
the time being treas
urer, a member of its
Standing Committee
and secretary of its
alumni association.
He has also been a
member of the Con
gregational Church
for thirty-seven
years, thirty as treas
urer, twenty-three as
a deacon, and seven
as Sunda y-s c h o o 1
superintendent. In
all movements calcu
lated to advance the
moral and material
interests of Monson,
Mr. Aiorris has been
a prominent factor.
He was instrumental
in the establishment
of a free public reading room and in its development
later into a free public library, at present one of the
prominent features of the town. He was also largely
instrumental in securing the fine memorial building,
which the library occupies, and its endowment. He
has been a trustee of the library since its organization.
Air. Morris was for years an active Alason, being wor
shipful master of Day Spring Lodge for two years, and
is also a Royal Arch Mason.

^--%1%

VSX

THE town of Melrose was incorporated in 1850. The territory originally belonged to Charlestown, which was
settled in 1629, and was a very extensive region in those days, for it included Maiden, Woburn, Stoneham,
Burlington, Somerville, a large part of Aledford, and a small part of Cambridge and Reading. Difficulties con
cerning the boundaries of the several towns arose early, and were settled by the General Court. When Maiden
became a town, in 1649, all its northern part (now Melrose) was a tract of over two thousand acres of undivided
land, and it came to be known as the "Commons." It was very desirable both as woodland and pasturage. This
land was divided among seventy-four freeholders of Maiden, and the choice of lots was drawn by lot, from which
method of procedure in early days arose probably the expression "a lot of land." In later years this territory
became known as North Maiden, and so remained until 1850, when, after several legislative hearings, and a long
struggle, an act incorporating the town of Melrose was approved by Governor George N. Briggs. Three years
later, in 1853, after another severe contest, a part of Stoneham was set off to Melrose, giving the town the greater
part of what is now known as the Highlands, and making Melrose to comprise about three thousand five hundred
square acres. The name Melrose was adopted at the suggestion of William Bogle, a native of Melrose, Scotland,
who claimed that the town much resembled the one across the Atlantic, celebrated for its Abbey and made
famous by Sir Walter Scott.
Although Melrose is a young town, her territory has been occupied for more than two centuries, and there
are houses there, or parts of them, more than two hundred years old. Among the ancient families were the
Lyndes, the Greens, the Uphams, the Barretts, the Spragues, the Howards and the Vintons. The Lyndes
formerly owned nearly all the southerly part of Alelrose, and were descended from Ensign Thomas Lynde, who
came to Maiden soon after its incorporation. The old Lynde homestead is now more than two hundred years
old. The ancestor of all the Greens in Melrose was Thomas Green, who settled in Maiden as early as 1651, and
who owned a farm of sixty-three acres at the Highlands. The Barretts are also one of the oldest Melrose fami
lies. Deacon Jonathan Barrett, son of James, who was born in Maiden in 1644, and grandson of James, who
first settled in Charlestown in 1635, came to Melrose about the year 1705.
About the year 1813 the first preaching service was held in the old district school-house, which stood on
what is now Lebanon Street. In 1815 a Methodist Episcopal church was formed, and in 1848 the Orthodox
Congregational church was organized. The Universalist church was organized in 1849, and Trinity Church in
1857, and ten years later the Unitarian Congregational church was formed. In 1873 a Roman Catholic church
was established, the pastor having purchased the old Baptist church edifice. The Catholics have recently erected
a very beautiful church in Wyoming.
The first town meeting was held May 10, 1850, and the officers elected were Jeremiah Alartin, Isaac Emer
son, Jr., and Artemas Barrett, selectmen ; Elbridge Green, town clerk ; Isaac Emerson, treasurer and collector ;
Aaron Green, S. L. Taylor and William J. Farnsworth, assessors ; Henry A. Norris, Caleb Howard and Elbridge
Green, School Committee. The town then had a population of only 1,260, and the valuation was $483,446.
Within the past ten years, however, the town has made rapid strides in wealth and population, the population
being nearly, if not quite, 10,000, and there is some talk of its becoming a city within the next five years. It is
not a manufacturing town, but a place of residence for men who do business in Boston, and they find it a quiet
and healthy locality in which to make their homes. The town has fine public schools, a handsome town hall and
beautiful churches. The supply of water is taken from Spot Pond, and the streets and public buildings are lighted
with electricity. There are more than one hundred trains to and from Boston each day, and there are horse and
electric street railroads. The town will soon have a complete system of sewerage, and the citizens have shown
their truly progressive instincts by voting that the town~should own and operate its electric light plant,

598

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

B MARVIN FERNALD was born in Great Falls,
. N. H., Feb. 14, 1847. He was prepared for
college at Phillips Acadamy, Exeter, N. H., after which
he entered Harvard College and was graduated in the
class of 1870. He soon after decided to become a
member of the legal profession, and with this object in
view he entered the law office of Judge Joseph F. Wig
gin and was admitted to the bar in 1873. A partner
ship was very soon formed, and the firm became Wiggin
& Fernald, and they
are still in partner
ship and do an ex-
tensive business,
having an office on
State Street, Boston.
In 1874 Air. Fernald
was married to Aliss
Grace Fuller, daugh
ter of Richard F.
Fuller, of Boston,
and they have one
child, a daughter of
fifteen. Mr. Fernald
moved to Melrose in
1875 and began to
take an active inter
est in everything that
pertained to the wel
fare and prosperity of
the town. He has
frequently been
urged to accept office
in the town, but has
declined because he
wished to devote his
whole time to his
business. Being,
however, an ardent
Republican in poli
tics, he was naturally
forced to serve the town as chairman of the Republican
Town Committee, and he vvas for two years a member
of the State Central Committee. He was elected to
the Legislature in 1881 and 1882 and was a member of
the House Judiciary Committee. He was also a chair
man of the Committee on Taxation, and he framed the
bill which exempts from double taxation mortgages on
real estate. This measure was of vast importance to
property holders. During the following ten years he

B. MARVIN FERNALD

held no political office, but when it again became the
right of the town to name a candidate for State senator,
the Republicans of Melrose were of one mind and heart
in selecting Mr. Fernald, and he received the unani
mous nomination at the Senatorial Convention. He
was elected by a large majority. He served in the
Senate in 1891 and 1892, and was chairman of the
Judiciary Committee, one of the most important com
mittees of the Legislature. He was also made chairman
of the Committee on
Constitutional
Amendments, the
Committee on Public
Reservations and
the Committee on
Insolvency. He is
now chairman of the
committee appointed
to revise the judicial
system of the Com
monwealth, which
committee is to make
its report to the
next legislature. Mr.
Fernald is connected
with many of the
social organizations
of Afelrose, being a
member of the Hugh
de Payens Com
mandery, Knights
Templar, the
Waverly Royal Arch
Chapter, the Wyo
ming Lodge and the
Alelrose Council.
He is also a member
of the Alelrose Ath
letic Club and the
Highlands Club, two
very popular organizations of the town. He is a mem
ber of the Congregational church. Quiet and retiring
in his disposition, he cares little for notoriety, and
the public offices he has held were not of his own seek
ing. PI is ability and prudence as a legislator have won
the esteem of his fellow-citizens, and his services will
probably be sought for in the future in some honored
capacity, for the mass of work which he has done for
his district is the kind which practical men appreciate.

MELROSE.

599

LEVI SWANTON GOULD, son of Dr. Levi Gould
and Elizabeth Webb (Whitmore) Gould, was born
at Dixmont, Me., March 27, 1834. His ancestors were
John Gould, an inhabitant of Charlestown in 1635,
probably the first settler of Stoneham, Mass., and Fran
ces Whitmore, ancestor of the Whitmore and Wetmore
families, who was one of the earliest selectmen of Cam
bridge, and who died there in 1685. When he was six
months old the parents of Levi S. Gould moved to
Stoneham, Mass., the
native place of his
father, and in 1843
the family settled at
North Maiden, now
Melrose, where it
has since resided.
He was educated in
the public schools of
North Maiden, and
at Waitt's and In-
galls' academies in
Melrose. Early in
life Mr. Gould
learned the shoe-
making trade, and
worked at the bench
in North Maiden,
where, according to
the custom of the
time, he would make
up a lot of shoes,
pack them in a bag
purchased for the
purpose, carry them
on his back to Stone
ham, two miles away,
receive his pay and
a new lot of stock,
and return for an
other season of work.
In 1850 he obtained a position in a wholesale house in
Boston, and in 1857 was a clerk with Alexander Leitch,
a prominent druggist in St. Louis. When Lincoln was
elected President Mr. Gould received an appointment
in the office of the secretary of the treasury at Wash
ington, and was later in the navy agent's office in Bos
ton. In 1866 he became connected with F. M. Holmes
& Co., furniture manufacturers of Boston, and in 1878
became junior partner. He retired in 1889, since which

LEVI S. GOULD.

time he has not been in active business. During the
sessions of 1868 and 1869, Mr. Gould was representative
in the General Court, the district including Melrose,
Wakefield and Stoneham. He was first elected select
man of Melrose in 1869, and he has been chairman of
the board since 1884. Seventy times he has been
elected moderator of town meetings, which, together
with the adjournments, make one hundred and thirty-
one meetings over which he has presided. He has
been four times wor
shipful master of
Wyoming Lodge,
F. and A. M., of
Melrose, and is con
nected with the
Chapter Command
ery of Hugh de Pay-
ens and Consistory,
thirty-second degree.
Mr. Gould was presi
dent of the New
England Furniture
Exchange in 1883
and 1884, and of the
Furniture Club of
Boston in 1886, and
was for six years a
member of the Bos
ton Executive Busi
ness Men's Associ
ation as a delegate
from the New Eng
land Furniture Club.
He is also a director
of the Melrose Na
tional Bank. Mr.
Gould has resided in
Melrose for the past
forty years, where he
has always been
known as an earnest Republican politician. On his six
tieth election as moderator, in November, 1890, his
fellow-citizens, in town meeting assembled, unanimously
passed a highly complimentary set of resolutions, and
presented him with a silver pitcher and a beautiful
gold badge, to be worn on all public occasions. Mr.
Gould is a member of the Society of the Sons of the
American Revolution, his great-grandfather having been
a minute-man at Lexington.

6oo

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

DANIEL RUSSELL, son of Daniel and Mary W.
Russell, was born in Providence, R. I., July 16,
1824. Educated in the public schools of Providence,
at the age of seventeen he began life on his own behalf
as a mechanic. For three years he served a very ardu
ous apprenticeship at one branch of the carriage manu
facturing business in his native city, and after graduating
from this practical kind of school he labored in the
same place and at Middleborough, Mass., as a journey
man for the term of
four years. At the
end of this time
(1847), accompa
nied by afellow work
man, he moved to
Boston and began the
business of selling
small wares by sam
ple. Two years later
he determined to go
to California, but the
Hon. Nathan Porter
offered him employ
ment in Providence
which was a certainty
and also attractive.
Therefore he re
turned there and re
mained for two years.
Once more moving
to Boston, in 1852,
he entered the em
ploy of Edward Locke
A' Co., clothiers, and
three years later he
became connected
with the wholesale
clothing house of
Isaac Fenno & Co.
He was made a mem
ber of this firm in 1 861, and in 1869 he retired from
business, having secured a comfortable competency.
Mr. Russell became a resident of Melrose in 1852, and
has ever since been closely identified with the material
and moral growth of the town. He has served three
years on the Board of Selectmen, and is at present one
of the commissioners of the water-loan sinking fund.
He is also president of the Melrose Savings Bank. In
1878 he was elected to the State Senate for the Sixth

DANIEL RUSSELL.

Middlesex Senatorial District, and did valuable service
in that body as chairman of the Committee on Insur
ance and as a member of the Committee on Agriculture.
He was re-elected to the Senate in 1879, and in the
year following was elected a delegate to the National
Republican Convention. He is a director of the Alalden
and Alelrose Gas Light Company and of the Putnam
Woollen Company. On Oct. 21, 1850, Mr. Russell was
married to Mary, daughter of Jonathan and Mary Lynde,
of Alelrose, and they
have two children, —
William Clifton and
Daniel Blake Russell.
Mr. Russell has for
many years been or
ganist of the Hugh
dePayens Command
ery, Knights Tem
plar. His home at
Wyoming is one of
the most comfortable
places in the town.
He is exceedingly
fond of entertaining
agreeable people,
and frequently has
numbers of his towns
people and others at
his home. He takes
great delight in mu
sic, and has in his
spacious parlor a
large organ and piano
run by electricity,
and he always has on
hand all the latest
and best music.
Another way he has
of entertaining his
visitors is by the use
of one of Edison's big phonographs, which reproduces
comic songs and stump speeches and makes an hour
pass very pleasantly. Mr. Russell does not think of
entering public life again, although he is still enjoying
good health, but he is consulted frequently by his
fellow-citizens in connection with the various material
interests of the town of Melrose, with which his politi
cal and social life has for about forty years been closely
identified.

THE charming town of Wakefield is situated about ten miles from the city of Boston on the line of the Boston
& Alaine Railroad, and it is beyond the shadow of a doubt one of the most picturesque towns in the State.
It lies as if at rest in the heart of a vast amphitheatre, for it is nearly surrounded by hills and has two beautiful
lakes, whose clear, bright faces attract the summer wanderer. It was settled in 1639 and when incorporated in
1644 included what was called a "four miles' grant," embracing the present town of Wakefield, with Reading and
North Reading. The early settlers received grants of land from the town of Lynn, and tradition has it that a
meeting-house was erected here before 1657, near where the post-office now stands. In 1645 the first Congrega
tional church of the colony was built here, and Henry Green, of Watertown, became its first pastor. In those
days, by order of the court military, guards were recruited for every town to protect the inhabitants against the
Indians. In 1655 there were twenty persons, fourteen men and six women, held in the bonds of slavery within
the town's limits. The town's minister in those days had no money, but received his salary in butter, wheat, rye
and barley. In 1663 there were two mills here, a saw-mill and a corn mill, and in 1666 the present First Parish
Burial-ground was located. At that time the depredations of wolves became so great that twenty shillings apiece
was offered as a bounty for their heads. Blackbirds must have been so numerous just then as to be a plague,
since the town offered twopence apiece for their heads in order to save the crops. Other interesting things
occurred in antique Wakefield. Women were gagged or set in a ducking stool, if they were caught railing or
scolding, and young men were fined five pounds for winning the affections of a young woman without the consent
of her parents or guardians. This fine was doubled for a second offence. There are also cases on record where
men were fined for not attending church.
Among the early settlers whose descendants reside there at the present time are the Eatons, Flints, Wileys,
Cowdreys, Flartshornes, Emersons, Greens, Nichols, Parkers and Woodwards. The First Parish Society was
organized in 1768, the Baptist Society in 1797. In 1834 was erected the old Town House, which was used by
the town up to 1868, when the present handsome Town Hall was presented to the town by the late Cyrus Wakefield.
When the town was incorporated in 181 2, it was known as South Reading and its valuation was $100,000.
The first stage coach ran between here and Boston in 181 7, and in 1845 the Boston & Alaine Railroad was built
between Boston and Wilmington.
When Mr. Wakefield made his magnificent gift to the town, the name was changed in his honor from South
Reading to Wakefield. Mr. Wakefield's enterprise did much to build up the town. He started the rattan
manufacturing business on a small scale in 1855 and at the time he died, in 1872, he carried on the most extensive
rattan business in the country, employing some twenty-five hundred persons. Besides the rattan business there
are several shoe shops and a large stove and furnace foundry, and there are various other enterprises which furnish
employment to many people. The town has excellent schools and churches, electric railroads, water works, and a
postal service, and is one of the healthiest towns in New England. The valuation of the town is $4,723,785 and
the population 7,500.
Wakefield will soon have a practical system of sewerage, and electric railways connecting it with Lynn,
Saugus, Melrose and Maiden. In addition to the steam-car lines connecting with Boston, Lowell, Lawrence,
Portland, Newburyport, Salem and other places, there is an electric line between Wakefield, Stoneham and
Woburn, and an electric road will soon girdle Lake Quannapowitt. This will make one of the most beautiful rides
in the summer season that can be had anywhere in New England. The Miller Piano Works are also located here,
and the company occupies a magnificent brick block. There are several fine estates, and the convenience of
travel to and from Boston, where many of the town's citizens are engaged in business, makes it a most desirable
place of residence. The town has two live local papers, a Masonic and Odd Fellows Society and many organiza
tions for social and friendly intercourse. There are also a national bank and a savings bank and a Board of Trade.
The town has recently voted to establish an electric plant for lighting purposes.

602

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

CYRUS G. BEEBE was born in Cambridge, Mass.,
Jan. 16, 1850, being the third son of the late
Lucius Beebe. He received his early education in
Ellington, Conn., at a private boarding-school, and
afterwards took a collegiate course at the Andover
Seminary. Here he was fitted for college at seventeen,
but instead of further pursuing his studies, he entered
the office of his father, who was one of the most exten
sive cotton dealers in New England. Four years after
wards, attaining his
majority, he became
a partner with h i s
father in the cotton
business. His father
retiring from the cot
ton business after a
few years, he carried
it on alone, and by
his ability and enter
prise succeeded in
enlarging it. His
brother, Frederic,
was admitted as a
partner several years
later, and the part
nership continues up
to the present time,
the Boston office
being at 89 State
Street. This firm of
the Beebe Brothers
now carry on a very
extensive business.
They import large
quantities of cotton
from the South, and
they are large im
porters of Egyptian
cottons, and they
sell their cottons di
rect to the mills. Mr. Beebe has made his home in
Wakefield for many years in the Beebe mansion, located
near the head of Lake Quannapowitt. His father, the
late Lucius Beebe, was one of the most respected citi
zens of the town, the founder of its free public library,
which is now named in his honor. 'The Beebe family,
in fact, is one of the most prominent and most honored
in Middlesex County. The late Lucius Beebe was a
candidate for Congress shortly before he died, and he

CYRUS G. BEEBE

polled a very large vote in a strongly Republican dis
trict. He had been representative to the General Court
from Wakefield, and he held various offices in the gift
of the town. Cyrus G. inherited the business tact and
stability of his father, and is highly esteemed by his fel
low-citizens and business friends and acquaintances.
He has never sought public office, preferring to give his
undivided time to his commercial duties, although there
is little doubt but that he could have any political office
in the gift of the
town, did he care to
go into politics.
Since 1884 he has
been president of
the South Reading
National Bank, pres
ident of the Wake
field Real Estate and
Building Association,
a member of the
Wakefield Board of
Trade, and a director
in the Massachusetts
Loan & Trust Com
pany. He takes a
deep interest in the
improvement and
progress of his town,
and is recognized as
one of her foremost
citizens. On June
15 of the present
year (1892) he was
married to Jessie
Ingles Hogg, daugh
ter of John Hogg, of
50 Commonwealth
Avenue, Boston, Air.
Hogg being well
known as one of the
Mr. Beebe has three
brothers in the leather business at 69 High Street, Bos
ton, Marcus, Decius and Junius. They have extended
greatly their business since the time it was founded by
their father. There were seven sons and two daugh
ters in this typical Massachusetts family, all of whom
are still living, with the exception of one son. Mr.
Beebe is recognized as one of the ablest and most suc
cessful business men of Massachusetts.

firm of Smith, Hogg & Gardner

WAKEFIELD.

603

SAMUEL KING HAMILTON, the youngest son of
Benjamin B. and Sarah Hamilton, was born July
27, 1837, in Waterboro, York County, Me. Descended
from a sturdy, strong-headed Scottish ancestry, his boy
hood and youth were spent on the home farm. The
rudimentary education afforded by a district school was
supplemented by a single term at Limerick Academy,
six months under the instruction of Hon. M. D. L.
Lane at HoUis and a year in the Saco High School. In
August, 1856, Mr.
Hamilton ent er e d
the Chandler Scien
tific Department of
Dartmouth College
and graduated in the
class of '59. He
spent the next three
years in the law office
of the Hon. Ira T.
Drew, at Alfred, Me.,
in teaching in Wake
field (then South
Reading), Mass., and
as principal of Alfred
Academy. Admitted
to the bar of York
County in 1862, he
was immediately re
ceived into partner
ship with Mr. Drew
under the firm name
of Drew & Hamilton.
This copartnership
continued until 1867
and afforded Mr.
Hamilton a wide ex
perience in both civil
and criminal prac
tice. In 1867 he
removed to Bidde
ford and there continued in practice until 1872. While
there he served two years on the Board of Aldermen and
in 1872 represented that city in the Legislature of
Maine, establishing a reputation as a ready and able
debater and a sound legislator. In December of that
year he formed a copartnership with C W. Eaton,
of Wakefield, with him established law offices in that
town, and Boston and removed his residence to Wake
field. This business connection continued to 1878,

SAMUEL K. HAMILTON

when it was dissolved, Mr. Hamilton retaining the
Boston office and Mr. Eaton the Wakefield. Since
his residence in Wakefield Mr. Hamilton has been
engaged in nearly every important case in the town, and
has taken a lively interest in public affairs, especially
those of an educational nature. As chairman of the
School Committee for nine years he effected a complete
re-organization of the school system, and in 1883, when
the town was about erecting a new and commodious
brick school-house,
the town in open
town meeting voted
that it be named the
"Hamilton School
Building " in recog
nition of his services.
He has also served
for three years as
chairman of the
Board of Selectmen,
and many years as
chairman of the
trustees of the Beebe
Town Library. In
1880 Mr. Hamilton
was a delegate to the
convention which
nominated General
Hancock for presi
dent, and took a con
spicuous part in har
monizing the con
testing delegation for
Massachusetts. I n
1883 he was a candi
date for district at
torney of Middlesex
County and made a
handsome canvass,
but was defeated, the
district being very largely Republican. In 1892 he was
candidate for presidentail elector from the Seventh
Congressional District. He has been frequently soli
cited to become a candidate for Congress, but has
uniformly declined. He was one of the founders of the
Pine Tree State Club in Boston, and since its organiza
tion has been its treasurer. Mr. Hamilton was married
F"eb. 13, 1867, to Annie E., daughter of Joseph B. and
Harriet N. Davis. They have no children.

THE beautiful and thriving town of Hudson, in the rich county of Middlesex, has a population of over five
thousand inhabitants. It was set apart from Alarlborough, March 19, 1866. Prior to its starting as a town
ship it was the village of Feltonville. Hudson of to-day may well be termed a typical Massachusetts town in the
matter of manufacturing. The chief industry of Hudson is the manufacture of boots and shoes, in which line of
product the town occupies a distinctive position. Between the years of the town's birth and 1886 the population
doubled ; from the latter year to the present time its general increase has been gradual, but of a thoroughly sub
stantial and satisfactory kind. The pride of the people centres very largely and very justly in their town hall, a
large, handsome, imposing brick structure, such as few towns in the Commonwealth have the credit of possessing.
It is situated in the heart of the place, and is made particularly attractive by the extensive lawn which separates it
from the main thoroughfare. To complete the fine setting of this architectural gem, sinuous concrete driveways
and concrete paths add to the general appearance of neatness, all indicative of the town's thrift and progressive-
ness. In the building is the public library of five thousand volumes. The intellectual appetite and strength of
the community are made apparent when one ponders the fact that over twenty-five thousand books are taken out
annually. Territorially, Hudson is very much smaller than the average town, and thus its striking compactness is
explained. Since there are no lengthy outside highways to be kept in repair, the appropriations for highways are
expended in such a manner that the effects are observable almost at a glance, and a very casual glance, too. The
streets are wide, and kept in excellent condition, and many of them are finely shaded when the foliage of spring
and summer clothes the trees. Particular attention is paid by the town to its sidewalks, for which a stated sum is
annually appropriated, the result being miles of concrete walks that serve to emphasize the frequent assertion that
Hudson is one of the model towns of the State.
Particularly fortunate is it in the point of railroad facilities. It has two railroads running through it — a
branch of the FTtchburg road, and the Central Massachusetts. The latter gives a direct line of communication
between Boston and the West, also affording easy connections with other roads, and thus furnishing unusual
opportunities for its business and manufacturing contingent. Through the town runs the Assabet River, which
heightens the scenic beauty of the place, beside affording water power to several manufacturing establishments.
Very easy of access are the schools of the town, all of which are within a radius of half a mile. Gradually
the new school-houses have supplanted the old, and to-day Hudson has as fine school buildings as any town of its
class in the State. The standard has been growing higher and higher, until the average rate is passed, and still the
standard desired is not reached. The average cost of Hudson's latest school buildings is about §24,000 each.
The inhabitants likewise pride themselves upon their system of water works, which cost the people the sum of
$120,000. Unless the town should happen to grow to a size not to-day dreamed of by the most sanguine of its
admirers, its water supply is inexhaustible, and the quality of its water is of the best. What seems to be a special
satisfaction of the people is its fire department, which is unusually well organized, thoroughly equipped with need
ful appliances. Its efficiency is generally recognized. Hudson's general air of enterprise and ambitious desire is
unquestionably given to it by the handsome business blocks that mark its mercantile centre.
A particularly striking feature of the town is the neat and tidy surroundings that characterize the homes of
her denizens, and in this respect neighbor seems to vie with neighbor for the most pleasing results. What is likely
to impress a visitor very strongly is the large number of cottages to be seen on every side, each having the appear
ance and indication of being the home of a well-to-do and ambitious artisan ; and, on the other hand, scattered
about are many residences of striking architectural beauty. The religious part of the community seeks its ecclesi
astical instruction either with the Baptist, Congregational, Methodist or Unitarian societies, or with St. Michael's
Roman Catholic parish. The industries oL the town comprise shoe, rubber and box manufactories, and machine
shops.

HUDSON.

605

VERY rarely can a better illustration of the " self-
made man of our times" be found than is fur
nished by the life of Lewis D. Apsley, who came
to Hudson seven years ago without pecuniary resources,
having as capital only a keen business sagacity, a
restless energy of body and a diligent and deter
mined character. Yet in this brief period Mr. Apsley
has made a comfortable fortune, is at the head
of the largest works of their kind in the country and is
a co ngre ssman
elect. Lewis D. Aps
ley was born in
Northumberland, Pa.,
on the 29th of Sep-

tember, :

'85

2, and

he resi

ded

there

until he

was

nine

years of

age,

when

he went

to

Lock-

haven, Pa.

At the

age of sixteen years
he joined the large,
good-humored cara
van of travelling
salesmen,the advance
guard or inspiring
drummers of the
peaceful army of
commerce. When
only twenty-six Air.
Apsley had become
superinten dent of
the rubber goods de-
partment in the
famous store of John
Wanamaker in Phila
delphia. Later he
associated himself
with the Gossamer
Rubber Clothing
Company of Boston, representing that house on the
road, and, parenthetically, it might be noted that as a
salesman he earned and held the reputation of being
unusually successful. After remaining with that com
pany six years, in 1885 he came to Hudson, took an
abandoned gossamer plant and began the manufacture
of rubber gossamer goods under the name of the Good
year Gossamer Company, starting with limited facilities
and employing but few assistants. Three times in five

LEWIS D. APSLEY

years he enlarged his plant, and at the end of the third
year of his business career in Hudson he was doing the
largest business in the manufacture of gossamer gar
ments of any concern in the country. His brilliant
business qualities were even then recognized to the
extent that he was unanimously chosen president of the
Gossamer Alanufacturers' Association of the United
States. A little later his plant was burned, but with his
characteristic will and indomitable enterprise he started
at once to build, and
build large. Sixteen
acres of farm land
were purchased half
a mile from the town
centre, three acres
of which are utilized
for his plant. Here
the style of garments
he made was
changed. Mackin
toshes became the
product of those new
brick factories, which
are a model of their
kind. The annual
output now is greater
than that of any sim
ilar plant in the
country ; and the
number of employees
is three hundred.
Mr. Apsley erected a
boarding-house and
tenements for his
employees, and gave
land for the opening
of a highway, being
desirous that all in
h i s service should
fare well. Mr. Aps
ley was chief promoter of the establishment of the
town's Board of Trade, of which he is president. He is
also a director in the Hudson National Bank and Hud
son Real Estate Company, is a Knight Templar, a mem
ber of the Alystic Shrine, an Odd Fellow, Granger and
member of the I. O. R. M. In politics he is a Republican
and has represented his party on every committee from
representative to congressional. Mr. Apsley was this
year (1892) elected to Congress.

6o6

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

THE career of William H. Brigham furnishes a fruit
ful theme for contemplation, and demonstrates
what application to business principles can accomplish
in a comparatively brief time. Mr. Brigham comes
from a stock that settled early in this region of Middle
sex County, and the Brighams for generations have been
noted for their sturdiness and general capacity. Mr.
Brigham is now the manager of the boot and shoe firm
of F. Brigham & Co., a business which was established
in 1834 by Francis
Brigham, the pioneer
shoe manufacturer in
what is now Hudson.
He it was who intro
duced the first sew
ing-machine and the
first pe gging ma
chine, and left as a
legacy to his heirs a
fortune, a lucrative
business and a fine
reputation. Upon his
death there was or
ganized the firm
above mentioned,
which consists of two
of the sons of the
founder, Rufus H.
and Wilbur F., and
the grandson, William
H., who pulls the
working and effective
"oar " in this long-
established and time-
honored house. Mr.
William H. Brigham
was born Feb. 1,
1863. There was
nothing to distin
guish his early career
from that of other lads. He attended the public schools
in his bright and healthy boyhood. Later he graduated
from a Boston commercial college, and afterward had
charge of the books in the factory over which he now
practically presides. Mr. Brigham first came promi
nently to the public attention as an amateur base-ball
player, being connected with a local nine which, as a
strictly amateur team, had few, if any, equals in the
State, and a brilliant success was prophesied for him

WILLIAM H. BRIGHAM

on the professional field ; but he had entered into
athletics for the pleasure and exhilaration to be derived
therefrom, not with any view of training for professional
honors. As a lad he was much interested in the local
fire department, and when the " Buckets " were organ
ized, one of the first of the younger companies of his
native place, he was promptly chosen foreman. Mr.
Brigham was also much interested in military matters,
and was one of the prime movers in organizing Com
pany M, Fifth Regi
ment, M. V. M., and
was chosen its first
lieutenant. He re
mained in the mili
tia three years, and
then resigned only
because of increasing
business demands
upon his time and at
tention. He is a Re
publican in politics,
yet not at all a seeker
for political honors ;
notwithstanding
which fact he was
chosen to represent
his district in the Mas
sachusetts House of
Representatives i n
1 89 1 and again in
1892. This is his
third year on the
Board of Selectmen,
of which body he is
chairman. Last year
as a legislator he was
on the Committee on
Military Affairs ; was
also a member of the
Massachusetts Com
mittee to aid in formally opening the World's Fair.
Mr. Brigham is a director in both the Hudson National
and Savings banks and Hudson Real Estate Company ;
is a trustee of Doric Lodge, F. and A. M., Knights Tem
plar, Granger and member of the American Mechanics,
besides owning an extensive stock farm. His popularity
in politics is not confined to his own party, and apart
from politics he has a large circle of friends, who esti
mate his social qualities at their true worth.

HUDSON.

607

A SOLID and substantial business man is Henry
Tower, who, while not a native, has been identi
fied with Hudson's growth and prosperity since i860, at
which time the town was only a village. Mr. Tower
was born in Stowe, Mass., and at fifteen years of age
began to learn the carpenter's trade under the instruc
tion of his father. This made the third generation of
builders in the Tower family. His schooling was in the
" little red school-house," for the most part, finishing
his schooling, how
ever, at the old Stowe
Academy. For some
time he was foreman
of a large force of
men, but, believing
himself competent to
branch out as a
leader of labor, which
is a very different
thing from a labor
leader, Mr. Tower
became an employer.
Casting a business
eye to windward he
early concluded that
the village was des
tined to develop
soon, and largely
acting upon this be
lief he purchased a
tract of land, cut it
up into lots, upon
which he built com
fortable houses and
placed them upon
the market. His
foresight was re
warded : the pleasant
houses he had built
became happy
homes. Thus he laid the foundation of his financial
prosperity. After building about fifty houses he closed
his building career by erecting the first business block
in the village. Then from 1867 to 1869 Mr. Tower
devoted himself to lumber. His next venture was in
the milk business, and in 1874 the firm of Newell &
Tower was formed, its business being to supply with
milk the Boston market. This firm ran one car from
the New Hampshire line to the State capital. Three

HENRY TOWER

years after the firm was changed to Tower & Blodgett.
The latter firm later consolidated with P. S. Whitcomb
& Co., and the new firm was known as Tower, Whit
comb & Co. At that time three cars were run, and the
route was greatly extended. Two years ago that firm,
consolidating with Garvestein Brothers, and J. H. Whit
comb & Co., merged into the Boston Dairy Company,
of which Henry Tower is president and general man
ager. This company has extended the line of service
into Vermont, covers
a part of Southern
New Hampshire and
controls the milk
business over the
line of the Fitchburg
Railroad, so far as
the Boston supply is
concerned. It fur
nishes Boston with
about a quarter of
its daily supply of the
best milk. Adjunc
tive to this, the com
pany owns and
operates extensive
creameries, and man
ufactures butter and
cheese. Mr. Tower
was at one time a
partner with C.
Brigham & Co., the
milk contractors.
That firm became a
corporation, in which
he retains consid
erable stock. Mr.
Tower is at present
on Hudson's Board
of Selectmen. In
that capacity he has
served eight years ; he has also been five years an
assessor, also road commissioner. For fifteen consec
utive years he has served as treasurer of Trinity Com
mandery, Knights Templar. He was one of the organ
izers of the Hudson National Bank, and has always
been a director of that institution. He is also presi
dent of the Hudson Real Estate Company. His life
has been one of constant use to the community, and
his personality may be described as well rounded.

THE village of Dalton, noted the world over for its manufactories of fine]paper lies half hidden n the valley
traversed by the east branch of the Housatonic River. Its scenery is most diversified. A range of com
pact hills runs across the northerly end of the narrow township, while the middle section spreads into a broad and
beautiful valley, which gathers the waters of the stream that turns its busy mills. The town was once known as
"Ashuelot Equivalent," being granted to Oliver Partridge and others of Hatfield in lieu of a township in New
Hampshire, supposed by the surveyors to lie in Massachusetts. Itwas settled in 1755, and was detached from
Pittsfield and incorporated March 20, 1784.
Few communities of scarcely twenty-five hundred "inhabitants can boast of such varied manufacturing enter
prises or show as valuable a total product. The output of its three paper mills in a recent year was considerably
over $700,000, while the total production of the town exceeded $1,200,000. The total valuation, four years ago,
reached $ 1,880,470. Woollens, cottons, shoes, boxes and lumber are among the principal manufactures, which
afford employment to about one thousand hands.
The basis of the town's prosperity was laid in 1802, when Zenas Crane, Henry Wiswall and John Willard
began the manufacture of paper. It is interesting to read at this late day the notices which the enterprising trio
sent out to the women of the community, requesting them to save their rags for the paper mill. The circular
stated: "All housewives who have the good of their country and the interest of their own family at heart, will
send their rags to this factory and receive highest market prices therefor." The trade-mark " Old Berkshire "
was adopted, and, thanks to the high standard maintained, it brought abundant success. Within seven years the
partners were obliged to extend their facilities, and ever since the growth of the town has been steady. It boasts
to-day seven school-houses, a town hall, free libraries, containing about three thousand volumes, and Alethodist,
Congregational and Roman Catholic churches, of handsome architecture, while none of the other features of a
thriving community are lacking. The town, which was named for Tristram Dalton, who was speaker in the House
of Representatives, played its part in the stirring events of early days, and even now the path of Burgoyne's cap
tive army along the road from Pittsfield to Hinsdale is pointed out.
Dalton has no one thing as interesting to the world at large as Crane's "Government ALU," where the
distinctive paper for the United States currency and bonds is made. A large national flag floats from the tall staff
in front of the factory whenever money is being manufactured. Factory villages are not commonly looked upon
as summer resorts, but Dalton is in this respect an exception, being well supplied with hotels and cottages, particu
larly about the romantic spots known as Wahconah Falls and Wizard's Glen. Wahconah Brook flows through
meadows, until, hemmed in by giant rocks, it makes a leap of eighty feet into a quiet pool below. The stream
was named for the daughter of Miahcomo, chief of the valley, the fate of whose lover the falls eventually decided.
Wizard's Glen is an echoing rocky pass, thronged by summer tourists, who can always find some new legend to
relate about the place. The Swiss chalet or log house, built by Byron Weston on Mt. Weston, is another of the
picturesque points in the town, which has a half dozen of the most remarkable artesian wells to be found in all
the country round.

DALTON.

609

BYRON WESTON, son of Isaiah and Caroline Cur
tis Weston, was born in Dalton, April 19, 1832.
His father dying when he was four years old, Byron
went to live with an uncle. The Mexican War breaking
out soon after, the uncle secured a government contract
for the manufacture of books and newspapers. 1 Tius it
was that young Weston drifted into the paper business
upon leaving Williston Seminary, Easthampton. He
was first employed in his uncle's mill at Saugerties,
N. Y., was later with
Lindley Crane at
Ballston, N. Y., and
afterward with May-
Brothers and Platner
& Smith of Lee, the
latter firm then being
the largest manufac
turers of writing
paper. Mr. Weston
was superintendent
of their seven mills
where he made the
first wood pulp ever
manufactured, out of
which experiment
grew the American
Wood Pulp Paper
Company of Penn
sylvania. In 1856
Mr. Weston formed
a partnership with
William H. Imlay,
who owned three
mills in Connecticut.
Mr. Imlay died a
few weeks later, and
this resulted in the
business being
closed. Mr. Weston
spent the year 1857
in Texas, returning to Lee to associate himself with the
late Elizur Smith, whose partner, George W. Platner,
had died. When the Civil War broke out Mr. Weston
raised a company within two weeks, insuring for Berk
shire the Forty-ninth Regiment, which elected him
captain. Captain Weston was later offered the col
onelcy of a regiment, but preferred to remain with his
acquaintances. He was wounded in the knee by the
bursting of a shell at Port Hudson. Upon returning

home he bought the Defiance Paper Mill at Dalton just
as the war was closing, which was a harvest time for
paper makers, his profits within twelve months being
more than sufficient to pay for the property. The mill
has been constantly enlarged and improved, until it is
one of the most complete in the country. For many
years Air. Weston has made a specialty of ledger and
record papers which " defy the tooth of time " and
have attained world-wide reputation. His present out
put of these goods
is four tons a day,
while twenty-five
years ago all the
paper for legal docu
ments was obtained
from England. The
concern is now a
corporate enterprise.
Mr. Weston has a
farm of one hundred
and sixty acres and a
fine home in Dalton,
besides being a large
owner of village
property. He cast
his first vote with the
Republicans and has
never wavered in
their support. In
1876 he was elected
State senator from
Berkshire, and in
1879 lieutenant-
governor, being twice
re-elected. Mr.
Weston is vice-presi
dent of the Third
National Bank and
trustee of the Berk
shire Life Insurance
Company and the Berkshire Savings Bank of Pittsfield.
He has twice been president of the American Paper
Manufacturers' Association and has received the degree
of master of arts from Williams College, the athletic
field of which institution was given by him and bears
his name. Mr. Weston was married to Julia C. Afitchell,
June 28, 1865, and they have had seven children,
Franklin, Ellen Mitchell, Louise Bryant, Julia Caroline,
Philip, Dorothy Deane and Donald Mitchell.

BYRON WESTON,

6io

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

ZENAS CRANE, the pioneer paper maker of West
ern Massachusetts, was born at Canton, Alass.,
May 9, 1777, the son of Stephen and Susannah (Bab
cock) Crane. His home was on the bank of Punkapoag
Brook at its junction with Neponset River, near which
stood the old Aiilton paper mill, so that, naturally
enough he early became attached to the business.
After completing his education in the public schools he
went to Newton, where he acquired the rudiments of
the business in his
brother's mill, after
ward going to "Wor
cester, where he
rounded out his
training in the mill
of General Burbank.
Being of an inde
pendent disposition,
his first thought was
of a good location in
which to set up for
himself. Accord
ingly, in 1799, Air.
Crane set out from
Worcester in quest
of a desirable site,
travelling on horse-
back. He pushed
past Springfield, not
pausing until he had
reached the spark
ling, rushing waters
of the Housatonic.
Near the site of the
little hostelry in which
he passed his first
night in Berkshire
are now clustered
the fine residences
of his sons, Zenas Al.
and James B., and his grandsons, Zenas and Winthrop
Murray Crane, as well as the mills, the seed of which
he planted, now sending out products of national repu
tation. It was nearly two years after the site had been
selected that the first paper mill in Massachusetts, west
of the Connecticut River, was built. At this time, 1801,
the tin peddler was an unknown quantity, and raw ma
terials were sought within a limited territory around the
mill by an appeal to women through the public press.

ZENAS CRANE

Air. Crane had associated with him at first Henry Wis-
well and Daniel Gilbert, the latter taking the place of
John Willard. The fourteen acres and the mill thereon
were sold to the firm for one hundred and ninety-four
dollars. The building was a one-vat affair, the main
part two stories high, the upper being used as a drying
loft. It had a " day's work" of twenty "posts," a post
being one hundred and twenty-five sheets of paper.
Air. Crane conducted this mill, " Old Berkshire," until
1807, when he sold
his third interest
to Wiswell, and for
three years thereafter
ran a mercantile
business, during
which period he
wedded Miss Lucinda
Brewer, of Wilbra-
ham. In 1810 Air.
Crane bought David
Carson's interest in
what is now known
as the "Old Red
Mill," which was
built the year pre
vious and was run
by several partners
until 1S22, when Air.
Crane became sole
proprietor, as he had
been superintend
ent and chief man
ager. In 1 83 1 he
placed a cylinder
paper-making ma
chine in his mills,
and in 1834 added
cylinder dryers, also
adopting the use of
chloride of lime in
bleaching. Eight years later he transferred his business
to his sons, Zenas Marshall and James Brewer Crane,
who were already his partners. They died in January,
1888, and August, 1891, respectively. Zenas Crane
first belonged to the Federal and later to the Whig
party. He served several terms in the State Legisla
ture beginning in 181 1, and was a member of Gov
ernor Edward Everett's executive council in 1836 and
1837. He died June 29, 1845.

DALTON.

6n

When Zenas Crane in 1801 courageously planted on
the banks of the Housatonic the little one-vat mill
which has long been known as the "Old Berkshire," he
little dreamed what the splendid outgrowth, direct and
indirect, of his enterprise would be. To-day there are
more than twenty-five paper-making establishments in
Berkshire County alone, with a capital of over $3,000,000
and an annual product considerably above that amount.
The chief capital of the Old Berkshire was its man
ager's brains, for the annual product was then of
variable and uncertain value, depending largely upon
circumstances beyond control of the manager. It is
difficult in this late day to realize the difficulties against
which the elder Crane was obliged to contend.
There were perhaps fifteen paper mills of insignifi
cant capacity scattered through the whole country just
as the eighteenth century was closing, when Mr. Crane
set out from Worcester to establish himself in business
in a wilderness, for Berkshire was then little else, and the
waterfalls for the most part dashed on in idle play.
Although the site of the Old Berkshire Mill was
determined upon in 1799, it was not built until the
spring of 1801, when the following curious adver
tisement appeared in the Pittsfield Sun : " Americans !
Encourage your Manufactories, and They will Improve.
Ladies, Save your Rags ! As the subscribers have it
in contemplation to erect a paper mill in Dalton the
ensuing spring, and the business being very beneficial
to the community at large, they flatter themselves that
they shall meet with due encouragement. And that
every woman who has the good of her country and the
interest of her own family, at heart, will patronize them
by saving her rags, and sending them to their Manu
factory, or to the nearest Storekeeper ; for which the
subscribers will give a generous price. Henry "Wiswell,
Zenas Crane, John Willard."
The deed, conveying " fourteen acres and one hundred
and forty-nine rods of land, together with the mill and
appendages thereon standing," was given Dec. 25, 1801,
in consideration of $194. The mill was two stories
high in the main part, the upper being used for a drying
loft. It had a daily capacity of twenty " posts," a post
being one hundred and twenty-five sheets of paper.
The skilled workmen employed were : an engineer, at
$3.00 a week; a vatman and a coucher, at $3.50 each,
without board ; one additional workman and two girls,
at 75 cents a week each, and a layboy, at 60 cents, all
being boarded. A few years later when Mr. Crane
served as superintendent and general manager, he was

allowed $9.00 a week. Mr. Crane, in 1807, sold his
interest in Old Berkshire to Mr. Wiswell, and in 181 2
David Carson bought an interest, becoming sole pro
prietor four years later. He with his sons, Thomas G.
and William W., conducted the property with success
until 1867, when it was sold to a company. In 1872 it
was burned and rebuilt on a larger scale, now being one
of the most complete mills in the country. After vari
ous mutations it passed into the hands of the Carson &
Brown Company, the stockholders being Chas. O. Brown,
John D. Carson, Zenas Crane and W. Murray Crane. Mr.
Brown, having sold his interest, the name was, in 1889,
changed to the Old Berkshire Mill Company, composed
of John D. Carson, Zenas Crane and W. Murray Crane.
The capital stock is $150,000.
The mill is equipped with electric lights, steam heat,
automatic sprinklers, steam force pumps, etc. There
are three buildings : first, the rag rooms and engine
room, three stories, forty by one hundred and twenty
feet ; second, the machine room, with drying loft above,
two stories, thirty by one hundred and twenty feet ;
third, the two finishing rooms and drying loft, three
stories, forty by one hundred and twenty feet, standing
between and communicating with both of those previ
ously mentioned, thus saving time and labor, the rags
passing direct to the pulp engines, from there to the
machines, and thence to the drying lofts and calenders.
In the rear of the finishing department is the one-story
steam boiler and engine room, twenty by one hundred
feet, where are situated three boilers and three engines
of one hundred and fifty, forty-five and twenty horse
power. The machinery is of the most approved pat
tern, suited to the making of the high-grade papers for
which the mill is celebrated. It includes four five-
hundred-and-fifty-pound rag engines, and two of eight
hundred pounds capacity each, two large washer engines,
one eighty-inch Fourdrinier paper machine, seven calen
ders, two hydraulic presses, one fifty-six-inch Sandborn
paper cutter, etc. A force of one hundred and fifty
men and women is required, and the daily output aver
ages two and one-half tons of linen papers.
The bank-note and bond paper mills of Crane & Co.
are known the world over. They are two in number, —
the Pioneer Mill at Dalton, also known as the Stone
Mill, and the Government Mill, which is situated just
over the town line, in the city of Pittsfield. At the
latter all the paper used by the United States govern
ment for currency, securities, etc., is made, also that
employed in Canada, and many foreign countries. At

6l2

MASSACHUSETTS OF TO-DAY.

the Pioneer Mill the output is bond and parchment
paper, such as is used by bank-note companies, and for
financial purposes. This business, which has long been
conducted as a specialty, was established on much the
same general lines as the Old Berkshire Mill.
Its basis was the " Old Red Alill," in which Zenas Crane
bought an interest in 1810. The business was thereafter
run by the firm of Crane, Wiswell, Chamberlin & Cole,
and later by Crane, Chamberlin & Cole, until 1822,
when Air. Crane, who had from the date of his purchase
been superintendent and chief manager, became sole
proprietor. It would be interesting, were it possible, to
note at length the obstacles which beset the pioneer
manufacturer from this time until 1842, when he trans
ferred all his business interests to his two sons. All
that space permits, however, is the mere mention of
foreign competition, rather encouraged than retarded by
the fluctuating tariff and the absurd preference of an
uninformed public for European goods over American
fabrics of equal and often superior merit.
The sons, Zenas AI. and James B. Crane, judiciously
improved the "Old Red Mill" until the property was
burned in 1870. The loss on buildings, machinery,
stock, etc., was total. Only the year before the " Old
Stone Mill," since known as the " Pioneer," was burned,
and was in process of reconstruction when its industrial
companion was swept away. Accordingly, the " Old
Red Mill " was not rebuilt, the other being so enlarged
as to compensate for its loss.
In 1879 Crane & Co. were awarded the contract they
still hold for supplying the United States government
with all the paper required for national bank-bills, United
States bonds, certificates and treasury notes. That this
contract might be properly filled, they bought the fine
brick mill built at Coltsville by Thomas Colt in 1862.
This was soon popularly known as the " Government
ALU," the stars and stripes constantly floating before it.
Ten United States officers are detailed at the mill day
and night, there being a superintendent, captain of the
watch, three watchmen, the register, a messenger and
two counters. It is only necessary to say that the con
duct of the establishment has won the unqualified ap
proval of the Treasury Department. As early as 1846
the idea occurred to Zenas M. Crane that the introduc
tion of silk threads into the fibre of currency would
largely prevent counterfeiting.
The opinions of conservative bank men, however, so
discouraged Air. Crane that he did not apply for a
patent. But twenty years later, when the National

government found it necessary to establish a paper
currency, the practical men at the head of financial
affairs essentially adopted Mr. Crane's plan. Then an
Englishman appeared at Washington with a claim as
patentee. It fortunately happened, however, that Air. Crane's
idea had been carried out by a few banks, such as the
Mahaiwe of Great Barrington and the Hamilton of Bos
ton. Copies of these issues saved the government from
the payment of a large royalty to a foreigner. The
main building of the Government ALU is fifty by one
hundred and twenty feet in size, and two stories high,
with a basement ; the machine room building, two
stories in height, with basement, has dimensions of
thirty-two by one hundred and five feet, while the rag
room building is of the same height and is forty by
fifty-six feet in extent. The area of the steam engine
and boiler rooms is twenty by sixty and thirty by thirty
feet respectively. The arrangements and dimensions of
the Pioneer Mill are somewhat similar. At these mills
only the best selected new cuttings are used, with the
purest of spring water. About one hundred and twenty-
five skilled hands are employed. The World's Fair
engraved admission tickets were printed on peculiarly
distinctive paper made at these mills, being of such
curious design as to be highly valued as souvenirs the
earth over. The Government ALU was burned April 13,
1892, and in October of the same year was rebuilt upon
enlarged and improved plans.
The firm of Z. & W. AI. Crane, manufacturers of
ladies fine writing papers, envelopes, paper boxes, etc.,
dates from 1877, but the foundation of the business was
laid in 1850, when the stone factory used as a woollen
mill beginning in 1836, was leased to the firm of Crane
& Wilson, who changed the property into a paper plant,
and made an unsuccessful property prosperous. The
active partners of the concern were Seymour Crane, the
youngest son of Zenas, the pioneer, and James Wilson,
once the skilful apprentice of the elder Crane.
The Bay State ALU made a specialty of buff writing
paper, which found much favor among consumers, which
included leading newspaper men of the day, Thurlow
Weed, the New York editor and politician, commend
ing it most highly as less injurious to the eyes than the
white shades. Zenas Crane, oldest son of Z. AI. Crane,
rented the property in 1865 and afterward bought out
all the interests which had arisen in the various trans
fers. He ran the mill very successfully until it was
burned, Alay 15, 1877, when the structure was immedi-

DALTON.

613

ately rebuilt, and on an enlarged scale, by the new firm
of Zenas Crane, Jr., & Bro., Winthrop Murray Crane
being the junior partner. Since 1890 the firm has been
known as Z. & W. M. Crane. This enterprise is man
aged by the senior partner, both being bred to the
business from boyhood.
The mill is of brick, three stories high and built in the
form of a maltese cross, the floor being 550 feet in length
by 40 in width. The factory is lighted by electricity,
and heated by steam throughout, the departments, com
prising engine and boiler room, containing one 200 horse
power and two 25 horse-power steam engines; the
machine-room containing one 80-inch Fourdrinier paper
machine ; the finishing-room with four platers and three
calenders ; the engine-room with seven pulp engines,
and the envelope, paper-box and other rooms.
About 170 men and women are employed, the output
averaging 2 J tons of paper and 100,000 envelopes a
day. All products are finished from the raw materials.
This business has, in reality, been wholly originated
and developed by the present proprietors, who believed
there was a demand for the finest papers which had
never been filled by American manufacturers. Accord
ingly they went to work to turn out the finest quality of
goods which it was possible to manufacture.
Doubtless the enviable reputation which the firm had
attained somewhat aided the enterprise ; nevertheless,
it was the intrinsic merit of the goods that gave real
impetus to the business. The growth of the concern
has been gratifyingly steady from the first, and for many
years the product of the mill has had a prominent place
in the stock of all the leading stationers and jewellers

in the principal cities of the Union. One purpose for
which these papers are particularly desirable is as wed
ding invitations, there being from thirty to forty tints of
the most delicate and diversified shades to choose from.
The product of this mill is held in great esteem by
the leading engravers of the country. Note and flat
papers of this sort are put up in a wide variety of styles
by the company, with envelopes to match, the unique
and tasteful boxes which enhance their attractiveness
also being made in the same mill. In this line of busi
ness a very large number of valuable trade-marks have
been established. The concern has long pasted paper
for cardboard with highly satisfactory results, a process
commonly confined to card makers. As many know,
the finest and stiffest personal cards for visiting and
similar uses, are not made of single sheets of thick
paper, but of several pieces pasted together perfectly.
This card work has in itself grown to considerable pro
portions. As Zenas Crane was the pioneer paper maker
of the Berkshire Hills, so, also, to an almost equal
degree, may Zenas and W. Murray Crane be said to be
the originators of this particular branch of the business,
the manufacture of the highest grades of paper for such
special purposes as polite correspondence, invitations,
etc. These goods are wholly of a staple quality, causing
a steady and even demand for them the year round,
constituting most delicate and appropriate gifts. The
proprietors have built a fine library for the benefit of
their employees, which is heated by steam and lighted
by electricity, being in every way a model institution,
enhancing the good feeling existing between employer
and employee.

INDEX

Adams, Alvin, 246
Adams, Charles Francis, 103
Adams, Town of, 575
Addicks, J. Edward, 244
Agassiz, Alexander, 304
Aldrich, Samuel N., 252
Aldrich, Thomas Bailey, 120
Alger, Alpheus B., 296
Allan, Bryce J., 168
Allen, Charles H., 370
Allen, Orrin P., 590
Ames Frederick L., 212
Ames, Oliver, 42
Andrew, John F., 48
Andrews, Asa G., 496
Andrews, Charles H., 273
Appleton, Nathan, 164
Apsley, Lewis D., 605
Archer, Oscar A., 576
Armstrong, George W., 188
Ashley, Charles S., 357
Ashley, Henry W., 559
Ashley, Stephen B., 489
Athol, 588
Atkinson, Edward, 193
Austin, Henry, 5, 269
Avery, Edward, 166
Ayer, Frederick, 371
Babcock, James F., 176
Babbitt, Francis S., 477
Bailey, Andrew J., 177
Bailey, Dudley P., 532
Baldwin, John S., 313
Baldwin, William H, 156
Ballou, Hosea Starr, 158
Bancroft, William A., 297
Banks, Louis A., 255
Banks, N. P., 35
Barney, Everett H., 346
Barrett, William E., 162
Barry, Eugene, 545

Bartleit, George F.,
Bean, George F.,
Beard, Alanson W.,
Beebe, Cyrus G.,
Bellamy, Edward,
Bennett, James W.,
Bigelow, H. H.,
Bigelow, Jonathan,
Blake, George F.,
Blaney, William O.,
Bleakie, Robert,
Boardman, Halsey J.,
Bodfish, Joshua P.,
Bonvouloir, Pierre,
Bosson, Albert D.,
Boston, Boutwell, George S.,
Bowen, Joseph A.,
Brabrook, George,
Bracewell, John,
Brackett, J. Q. A.,
Braman, Dwight,
Breed, Francis VV.,
Brickett, Benjamin F.,
Bridges, Benjamin F.,
Brigham, William H.,
Brockton,Brooks, Phillips,
Brooks, William H ,
Brown, Frank A.,
Bruce, Alexander B.,
Bruce, George A.,
Buckingham, Samuel G.,
Burdett, Joseph O.,
Burnham, L. G.,
Butlkr, B. F.,
Butler, John H.,
Buitrick, Francis,
Byrne, Vicar-general,
Cady, H. Torrik,
Calef, Benjamin,

362

Cambridge,

295

523

Campbell, Charles A.,

383

12S

Candler, John W.,

105

602

Capen, Elmer H.,

68

436

Carter, Franklin,

66

375

Chace, George A.,

488

3i7

Chalmers, James C,

577

89

Chamberlain, Mellen,

380

180

Chamberlain, Robert H.,

324

88

Champlin, Arthur B.,

389

126

Chandler, Alfred D.,

198

124

Chase, Simeon B.,

492

234

Chelsea,

377

407

Chester, Walstein R.,

90

386

Chickering, George H.,

190

80-286

Chicopee,

429

34

Choate, C. F.,

182

485

Claflin, William,

36

480

Clarke, Albert,

192

572

Clark, Charles N.,

442

43

Clark, Embury P.,

401

178

Clark, J. F. A.,

256

54i

Clifford, Charles W.,

359

395

Clifford, John H.,

359

77

Clifford, Walter,

359

606

Clough, George A.,

230

508

Clune, John H.,

353

63

Cobb, Cyrus,

186

4°5

Cobb, Darius,

187

'93

Coggan, Marcellus,

421

463

Cogswell, William,

52

468

Collins, Patrick A.,

194

336

Colton, John W.,

553

122

Converse, Alfred C,

378

85

Converse, Elisha S.,

419

40

Cook, Joseph,

113

47i

Coolidge, Frederick S.,

56

450

Coolidge, T. Jefferson,

117

119

Corcoran, John W.

i75

Corse, John M.,

185

573

Corv, Charles B.,

196

271

Cotter, James E.,

268

6i6

INDEX.

Coughlin, John W.,
Cox, Alfred E.,
Crane, James A.,
Crane, Robert B.,
Crane, W. AL,
Crane, Zenas, Sr.,
Crane, Zenas,
Crapo, William W.,
Crawford, Harvey S.,
Crocker, George G.,
Crocker, Susan E.,
Crosby, John C,
Crowi.ev -, Jeremiah,
Cunningham, John H.
Cushing, Marshall,
Cushman, Solomon F.,
Cutler, Nahum S.,
Cutler, William C.,
Cutting, Walter,
Dale, William J., Jr.,
Dalt< in, Samuel,
Dalton, Town of,
Damon, Grorge L..
Davenport, Charles,
Davenport, William N.,
Davis, Robert T.,
Dawes, Henrv L.,
Dean, Benjamin,
De Las Casas, William B.,
Dennison, Aaron L.,
Dennison, E. W.,
De Normandie, James,
Df.vitt, Edward I.,
Dewey, Francis H.,
Dickinson, John W.,
Dillaway, W. E. L.,
Dillon, David L.,
Dodge, Elisha P.,
Dodge, Theodore A.,
Doe, Henrv P.,
Donahoe. Patrick,
Donovan, James,
Douglas, William L.,
Draper, Eben S.,
Draper, William F.,
Dudley, Lewis J.,
Dudley, Nathan A. M.,
Dunn, Daniel,

305-

483

I >UNN, AIlCHAEL,

426

Dunning, Albert E.,

561

Dupee, Henrv D.,

561

D urges', Lyle,

611

Dwight, John S.,

610

611

Eldredge, Daniel,

358

Eliot, Charles W.,

512

Ellis, George E.,

107

Emerson, Charles W.,

62

ENPIC'O'I t, Cha K 1 ES,

57

Endicott, William C,

376

Evans, Ai.onzo H.,

388

Everett, City <>f,

260

595

Fairbanks, Henry 0 ,

S81

Fall, Charles G.,

384

Fall River,

502

Faxon, Henry H.,

Fenno, John A.,

262

Fernald, B. Marvin,

76

Field, Walbridge A.,

608

Fifield, George W.,

142

Fisher, Henry N.,

-306

Fisk, George C,

525

Fisk, Noyes W.,

486

Fiske, George AL,

44

Fiske, John,

189

Fitchburg,

422

Fitz, Eustace C,

45i

Fitzpatrick, Thomas B.,

144

Foot, Homer,

266

Forbes, J. Malcolm,

7i

Francis, Edward S.,

325

Francis, James,

159

Francis, James B.,

183

French, Elmer L.,

414

French, William A.,

330

Frost, Rufus S.,

282

Frothingham, Edward (

461

Fuller, Homer T.,

242

Fuller, Lor in 1,.,

29

513
Gale, John A.,
232
( i.ALi.up, William A.,
283
Galvin, George W.,
445
Galvin, ()v\ en A.,
136
Gardner, Charles L.,
439 Gargan, Thom \s J.
352 U7 9562
146140 65
101
267235289 2 9
5 28
455 204
482 456 5i6598 5S
366
452 348350 278
303409 07
118
34i 286
504373 373387 87
379394424 393574 277 208
59i 276
Gaston, William, 37
Gates, Merrill E., 67
Gaylord, Emerson, 434
Gilbert, Frederick A., 210
Gillett, Edward B., 557
Gillett, Frederick H., 337
Gleason, Daniel A., 538
Glines, Edward, 470
rLOUCESTER, 495
lOKTTTNG, A. H., 340
iooDELL, Henrv H., 72
Ioodnow, Edward A., 314
ioui.D, Lev 1 S., 599
governor's Council (portrait), 27
jrace, James J., 203
jRaham, John M., 125
Traves, Samuel L., 410
Gray, Hollis R., 423
Gray, Horace, 60
Greely, Adolphus W., 329
Green, Samuel Abbott, 104
Green, Samuel Svyett, 312
Greene, J. Evarts, 323
Greenfield, 580
Greenhalge, Frederick T., 368
Greenough, James C, 549
Grinnell, James S., 582
Grout, William L., 585
Gunn, Levi J., 583
Gurney, Orrin J., 328
Hadlock, Harvey D , 197
Hagar, Daniel B., 294
Haggett, Albert A., 374
Haigh, John, 472
Haile, W. H., 26
Hale, Edward Everett, 157
Hall, Arthur H., 506
Hale, G. Stanley, 75
Hamilton, Samuel K., 603
Hamlin, Chaki.es S., 250
Harding, Alpheus, 588
H vRRiNGTox, Edward T., 150
Harrington, Francis A., 309
Harris, Francis A., 248
H art, Thomas N., 135
Haskell, Edward H., 91
Haskell, Edwin B., 253
Hatch, FUward, 275
INDEX.

617

Haverhill, Hawkins, Richard F.,
Haves, Elihu B.,
Havnes, Emory J.,
Haynes, John C,
Henderson, John D.,
Higginson, Thomas Went
Hildreth, Charles L.,
Hill, William H.,
Hoar, George ¥.,
Hoar, Sherman,
Holmes, Charles J.,
Holmes, Edward O.,
Holmes, Oliver Wende
Holyoke,
Hood, Charles I.,
Hopewell, John, Jr.,
Hopkins, Charles A.,
Houghton, Albert C,
How, Moses,
Howe, Julia Ward,
Howe, Simon H.,
Howland, William D.,
Huddleston, J. S. F.,
Hudson, John E.,
Hudson, Town of,
Hunter, James,
Hyde, Henry S.,
Irwin, Richard W.,
Jackson, James F.,
Jaques, Alden P.,
Jennings, Andrew J.,
Jewett, Gilbert L.,
Jewett, William S.,
Johnson, Benjamin,
Johnson, Edward F.,
Jones, Jerome,
Keene, W. G. S.,
Keith, George E.,
Keith, Isaac Newton,
Keith, Preston B.,
Keith, Ziba C,
Kilburn, Levi,
Kimball, John W.,
King, Theophilus,
Kingman, Hosea,

39°

Kingsley, Chester W.,

299

A1elro.se,

597

347

Kirkham, James,

338

Merrill, Estelle M. H.,

62

540

Kitson, Henry H.,

172

Merrill, George S.,

464

165

Kitson, Samuel J.,

148

Metcalf, Theodore,

132

143

Kneil, Arthur S.,

552

M'Glenen, Henry A.,

209

533

Millard, N. L.,

568

worth, 301

Lakin, James A.,

558

Miller, Henry F.,

130

327

Lawrence, City of,

460

Miller, Ira,

555

249

Lawrence, Samuel C,

537

Miner, Ai.onzo A.,

160

45

Leach, William W.,

592

Mitchell, Austin R.,

5i8

50

Lee, Hf:nry,

116

Mitchell, E. V.,

28

487

Lee, Horace C,

355

Monson,

594

427

Leland, Arthur S.,

264

Moody, Charles E.,

99

LL, 213

Lincoln, Frederic W.,

no

Moody, William H.,

392

399

Lincoln, Leontine,

490

Moore, Beverly K.,

179

369

Little, Samuel,

x39

Morgan, Elisha,

29

181

Livermore, Mary A.,

62

Morris, Edward F.,

596

211

Locke, Warren E.,

474

Morse, Bushrod,

259

566

Lockwood, John H.,

55o

Morse, Elijah A.,

47

29

Lodge, Henry Cabot,

5i

Morse, E. Rollins,

106

62

Long, John D.,

39

Morse, George F.,

29

527

Lougee, Miss A. M.,

62

Morse, Leopold,

134

364

Lovell, Benjamin S.,

251

Morton, John D.,

86

114

Low, John G.,

263

Moseley, Edward A.,

261

237

Lowe, Arthur H.,

412

Moses, George W.,

385

604

Lowell,

365

Mudge, Frank H.,

258

570

Luce, Robert,

475

Munn, Edwin L.,

408

339

Lynn,

539

Nagle, Richard,

546

444

Malden,

416

New Bedford,

356

Marcy, Henry 0.,

170

Newburyport,

327

494

Marden, George A.,

32

Newton, City of

5i5

398

Marlborough,

524

Nikisch, Arthur,

163

493

Marsh, Henry A.,

310

Norcross, James A.,

318-319

57i

Martin, Thomas, .

381

Norcross, Orlando W.,

318-319

466

Mason, Albert,

59

Nordica, Lillian,

62

240

Mason, Edward P.,

121

North Adams,

563

522

Matthews, Nathan, Jr.,

83

Northampton,

440

84

Mayberry, George L.,
McCall, Samuel W.,

447 109

Norwood, John K.,

462

547

McClench, William W.,

430

O'Brien, Hugh,

272

5n

McI Ionald, James W.,

526

O'Callaghan, Denis,

243

28

McDonnell, Thomas H.,

459

Odell, Charles,

293

5M

McEttrick, Michael J.,

221

O'Donnell, John B.,

441

509

McTntyre, Charles J.,

300

O'Kane, Michael A.,

70

586

Mead, Nathaniel J.,

534

Olin, William M.,

3i

33

Medford,

536

Olmstead John,

344

458

Medina, John,

473

O'Meara, Stephen,

129

216

Mellen, William M. E.,

437

O'Neil, Eugene J.,

438

6i8

INDEX.

O'Neil, Joseph H.,
Orange,
Orcutt, F. E.,
Osborne, William M.,
Osgood, Joseph B. F.,
Otis, John L.,
Overman, A. H.,
Pagani, Joseph,
Page, Thomas C,
Paine, Charles J.,
Paine, John K.,
Paine, John S.,
Paine, Robert' Treat',
Palmer,Parker, Alice,
Parkman, Francis,
Parkman, Henry,
Parsons, Joseph AL,
Peabody, S. Endicott,
Peach, Benjamin F.,
Pearson, Charles IL,
Pearsons, W. B. C,
Peck, Jabez L.,
Pevear, Henry A.,
Pickman, John J.,
Pierce, Henry L.,
• Pierce, James,
Pillsbury, Albert' E.,
Pinkerton, Alfred S.,
Pittsfield,Plunkett, William B.,
Plympton, Noah A.,
Pope, Albert A.,
Prang, Louis,
Pratt, Charles B.,
Preston, Andrew W.,
Prince, Frederick H.,
Prince, Frederick O.,
Procter, Francis,
Provin, William,
Ouincv, Crrv OF,
Quincv, Josiah,
Radford, Benjamin F.,
Randall, Charles S.,
Rannev, Ambrose A.,
Rantoul, Robert S.,

49

Ratshesky, Abraham C,

233

584

Reed, George H.,

396

137

Reed, Henry G.,

479

199

Reed, James,

H5

29 1

Reed, John Richard,

562

443

Reed, William, Jr.,

481

433

Renfrew, James, Jr.,

579

Revere,

535

254

Rice, Alexander H.,

38

435

Rice, William,

345

236

Richards, Calvin A.,

161

3°7

Richardson, Frank S.,

567

138

Richardson, Philip K. A.,

521

141

Richardson, Spencer W.,

265

589

Richmond, George B.,

3^3

62

Roads, Samuel, Jr.,

241

102

Robbins, Oliver W.,

5°3

152

Roberts, Charles G.,

96

292

Robinson, George I).,

41

290

Robinson, James T.,

564

78

Roche, James Jeffrey,

205

191

Rogers, E. C,

35i

4°3

Ross, Andrew F.,

33i

501

Rotch, Morgan,

361

543

Rotch, William J.,

360

367

Russell, Charles Theodore,

133

222

Russell, Daniel,

600

4i7

Russell, William E.,

25

30

326

Salem,

287

500

Salisburv, Stephen,

3"

578

Saltonstall, Leverett,

206

154

Sanborn, Daniel W.,

469

195

Sanford, Arnold B.,

484

112

Sargent, Dudley A.,

302

316

Savage, Minot J.,

149

224

Sawyer, William F.,

219

226

Schindler, Solomon,

274

247

Sears, J. Montgomery,

285

499

Seelye, I.aurenus Clark,

74

556

Shafer, Helen A.,

73

Shattuck, ( Ikorgk ().,
145
454
Shaw, Edward P.,
3 3 3
457
Shaw, Mary,
<>2
Shepvrd, John,
201
127
Shuman, A.,
214
46
Shurtleff, William S.,
342
207
Suite, Charles F.,
42S
288
Sibley, Lawson,
334
Simpson, James R.,
Speare, Alden,
Smith, Arthur F.,
Smith, George E.,
Smith, George H.,
Smith, Sylvanus,
Soley, James R.,
Somerville, Spofford, John C,
Sprague, Charles F.,
Sprague Henry H.,
Springfield,Souike, John P.,
Staples, Sylvanus N.,
Stearns, Ephraim,
Stearns, George AL,
St earns, Thomas,
Stevens, Everett A.,
Stevens, Frank S.,
Stevens, George L.,
Stevens, Homer B.,
Stevens, AIoses T.,
Sti ine, Amos,
Stone, F. AL,
Stone, Jonathan,
Stowe, Willard H.,
St rahan, Thomas,
Stratton, Charles C,
S'turtevant, B. F.,
Sullivan, Jeremlah F.,
Swasey, George R.,
Taunton,Taylor, Charles H.,
Taylor, George S.,
Taylor, Oliver,
Teele, John ().,
Thayer, S. Proctor,
Thomas, Chauncy,
Thompson, Ft ward E.,
Thomson, Elihu,
Tifft, Lewis A.,
Titcomb, Albert C ,
Tolman, Bradshaw S.,
Tompkins, Eugene,
Tower, Ash lev B.,
Tower, Henrv,
Trask, Eliphalet,
465 5i7 544
530
406497 257
467 53i 228202
334218
478 28
432 298 1 1 1
49123855i 53
529
44S 535 593
382
4i5 151
400 220
476 167
43 1
39 1
171
569 280
520542349332
453 131
404 607
354
INDEX.

19

Underwood, Francis H.,
Van Nostrand, Alonzo G.,
Wadlin, Horace G.,
Wakefield,Wales, George O.,
Walker, Clarence O.,
Walker, Francis A.,
Walker, Henrv,
Walker, Joseph H.,
Walklev, Lucius B.,
Wallace, Rodney,
Waltham,
Walworth, James J.,
Wardwell, J. Otis,
Warnock, Adam,
Warren, James J.,
Warren, Nathan,
Warren, William F.,

227

Washburn, John D.,

32*

Williams, Archbishop,

64

Wells, Gideon,

343

Williams, George Fred,

54

281

Wemyss, James,

225

Willis, George S.,

507

Wentworth, Oliver M ,

200

Winn, Henry,

418

153

West, Charles A.,

92

Winslow, Samuel,

3i5

601

West, John C,

505

Winsor, Alfred,

284

279

Westfield,

548

Winthrop, Robert C,

100

425

Weston, Byron,

609

Woburn,

5i9

270

Weymouth, George W.,

4i3

Wolcott, Roger,

108

155

Wharton, William F.,

169

Wonson, William H., 3d,

498

55

Wheeler, John W.,

5«7

Woodbury, Charles Levi,

04

560

Whipple, John J.,

5io

Woods, Edwin H.

184

411

Whiting, Fred E.,

239

Woods, Solomon A.,

217

446

Whitini ;, William,

402

Worcester,

308

223

Whitman, William,

98

Wright, Ashley B.,

565

397

Whitney, Henry M.,

245

Wright, Carroll I).,

173

229

Whitney, Milton B.,

554

320
Whitten, Charles V.,
231
Young, Frank L.,
94
449
Whittier, Charles,
215
69
Wiggin, Joseph F.,
420
Zerrahn, Carl,
123
ACKNOWLEDGMENT.
The publishers of Massachusetts of To-Day, recognizing the enormous amount of labor necessary to
its completion and faithfully performed, desire to offer their acknowledgments both to the large corps of editors
and correspondents throughout the State, and to those who have successfully contributed to the mechanical
excellence of the book. To Messrs. Alfred Mudge & Son, printers, who have done the composition and press
work ; to the John Andrew & Son Company, engravers ; to the A. Storrs & Benient Company, who have supplied
the paper on which it is printed, and to Mr. H. W. Upham, bookbinder, whose earnest cooperation has made
the book possible, the publishers' thanks are due.
YALE UNIVERSITY

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