YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY .'^ ^^^J. -'L-C^'^^xW^W^e£^ COLLECTIONS Virginia Historical Society New Series. VOL. IV. ¦WM. ELLIS JONES, PRINTER, RICHMOND, VA. THE OFFICIAL RECORDS Robert Dinwiddle, LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR OF THE COLONY OF VIRGINIA, 1751-1758, Now First Printed from the Manuscript IN THE COLLECTIONS OF THE Virginia Historical Society, WITH AN INTRODUCTION AND NOTES BY R. A. BROCK, ¦Corresponding Secretary and Librarian of the Society. VOL. II. Richmond, Va. PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY. MDCCCLXXXIV. TABLE OF CONTENTS. I755- M'ch 17. — Letter of Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Cathcart. M'ch 17. — Gov. Dinw: M'ch 17. — Gov. Dinw M'ch 17.— Gov. Dinw M'ch 29. — Gov. Dinw M'ch 29. — Gov. Dinw M'ch 29. — Gov. Dinw M'ch 29. — Gov. Dinw: M'ch 29. — Gov. Dinw: M'ch 29. — Gov. Dinw M'ch 29. — Gov. Dinw Mc'h 29. — Gov. Dinw April 12. — Gov. Dinw April 12. — Gov. Dinw: April 12. — Gov. Dinw April 12. — Gov. Dinw April 12. — Gov. Dinw April 30. — Gov. Dinw: April 30. — Gov. Dinw April 30. — Gov. Dinw May May May MayMay May May -Gov,-Gov. Dinw Dinw ddie to John Pownal ddie to James Abercromby ddie to Gov. Dobbs ddie to Gov, Sharpe ddie to Col. Innes, instructions ddie to Col. Stephen, instructions. . . ddie to Dr. Anderson ddie to Dr. Colhoun ddie to Capt. Rutherford ddie to Lord Fairfax ddie to Thos. Walker, Commissary- ¦ ddie to Col. Innes ddie to Col. Stephen ddie to Thos. Walker ddie to John Rutherford ddie to Wm. Allen ddie to Sir Thos. Robinson ddie to Lord Halifax ddie to Gov. Dobbs ddie to Sir John St. Clair iddie to Col. Innes I. — Message of Gov. Dinwiddie to the Assembly.. . 3. — Letter of Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. De Lancey. . . 3. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Wm. Alexander 5. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Dobbs 5. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Glen, as to appropria tions by the several colonies, the building of a fort in S. C, and the purchase of land from the Cherokees May 5. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Wm. Wragg, criticising Glen, May 5. — Gov. Dinwiddie to B. Smith, and others of S C. . May 5. — Message of Gov. Dinwiddie to the Assembly. . . May 5. — Address of the Council to Gov. Dinwiddie PAGE. I 2 2 4 5 7 99 II II 12 131313 14151618 1919 20 2223 24 25 2729 3030 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 1755- May May MayMay MayMay io. May IO. May i6, May i6. May 19.. May 19.- May 19.. May 23.- May 23.. June 2.- June 2.- June 2." June 2.- June JuneJuneJune June JuneJune June June JuneJune June June June June 13.. June 13.- June 13.- June 13.- June 13. June 16.- June i6.- June i6.- June i6.- June 17.- June 18. June i8.- June 23.- June 23.. -Reply of Gov. Dinwiddie -Address of the Burgesses to Gov. Dinwiddie. . -Reply of Gov. Dinwiddie -Letter of Gov. Dinwiddie to Earl Granville. . . -Gov. Dinw; -Gov. Dinw: -Gov. Dinw — From the same to the same, as to arms. -Gov. D: -Gov. D -Gov. D: -Gov. D -Gov. D -Gov. D: -Gov. D -Gov. D: -Gov. D: -Gov. Di -Gov. D -Gov. Di -Gov. D -Gov. D -Gov. D -Gov. D -Gov. D -Gov. D: -Gov. D: -Gov. D -Gov. D: -Gov. D -Gov. Di -Gov. D: -Gov. D: -Gov. D -Gov. D -Gov. D -Gov. D -Gov. D: -Gov. D: -Gov. D -Gov. D -Gov. D: -Gov. D -Gov. D: -Gov. D -Gov. Di nw: nwnw nw nw: nw nw nw: nw nwi nwnw nw nw nw nw nw: nw: nwnwnwnw: nw:nw nw nw nw nw nw: nw: nw nw: nw nw: nw nw:nwnw: ddie to Gen. Braddock, as to supplies, ddie to Col. Innes ddie to Gen. Braddock ddie to Capt. Orme, aid to Braddock, ddie to Gov. De Lancey, as to arms . . ddie to Oliver De Lancey ddie to Wm. Alexander ddie to Gen. Braddock, as to supplies, ddie to Col. Innes ddie to Gen. Braddock ddie to Gov. Morris ddie to Gov. Belcher ddie to Alexander & Livingston. . . . ddie to Gov. De Lancey ddie to Gov. Shirley ddie to John Erving, Boston ddie to Gov. Sharpe ddie to Gen. Braddock ddie to Wm. Shirley, Sec'y ddie to Sir Thos. Robinson ddie to the Lords of Trade ddie to the Lords of the Treasury. . . ddie to Wm. Pitt, Pay-Master Gen'l. ddie to John Cleland ddie to Lord Halifax ddie to Earl Granville ddie to James Abercromby ddie to Gov. Sharpe ddie to Gov. Dobbs ddie to Gov. Glen ddie to Wm. Wragg ddie to Daniel Wostenholme 64 ddie to Gen. Braddock 64 ddie to Sir Peter Halket 66 ddie to Col. Dunbar, as to deserters. 66 ddie to Capt. Hugh Rose 66 ddie to the County Lieutenants 67 ddie to Gov. Sharpe 67 ddie to Gov. Morris 68 ddie to Sir Thos. Robinson 69 ddie to the Lords of Trade 70 31 313232 343536 36 3738 39394042434344 45 45 46 474748 50 50 525354545456 56 586062 62 TABLE OF CONTENTS. Vll 1755- fune 23 une 23.. une 23. une 24. une 24. une 24. une 26. une 26.. une 28. une 28. [uly 4.4 4 4- 4- 4- 5- 5-5- uly ulyulyuly uly uly iuly ulyuly uly uly uly 8.- uly 8.- uly 9.- uly 9.- uly 9.- uly 14.- fuly 14.- uly 14.- uly 16.- uly 18. — ' uly 18. — I uly l8.- uly 18.- 8.—' i8.-i8.- ulyulyuly 19.- uly 21.- uly 21.- uly '21.- fuly 22.- uly 23.- uly 23.- uly 23.- uly 23. — ' . — Gov. Dinwiddie to the Lords ofthe Treasury. . . — Gov. Dinwiddie to the Earl of Halifax — Gov. Dinwiddie to James Abercromby Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Shirley Gov. Dinwiddie to Capt. Orme Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Innes — Gov. Dinwiddie to the Southern Indians Gov. Dinwiddie to Richard Pearis Gov. Dinwiddie to Gen. Braddock Gov. Dinwiddie to Major Carlyle — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Innes — Gov. Dinwiddie to Capt. Robert Stuart — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gen. Braddock — Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Fairfax •Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Thos. Bryan Martin ¦Gov. Dinwiddie to Alex. Boyd, Pay-master ¦Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Sharpe Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Morris Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. De Lancey ¦Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Dobbs Gov. Dinwiddie to Capt. Andrew Lewis Gov. Dinwiddie to Lieut. Wm. Wright -Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. James Patton ¦Message of Gov. Dinwiddie to the Assembly.. . . ¦Letter of Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Peter Jefferson Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Fairfax ; ¦Gov. Dinwiddie to Major Carlyle ¦Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Innes Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Fairfax ¦Gov. Dinwiddie to Sir Thos. Robinson... Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. David Stewart Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. James Patton Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Charles Carter -Gov. Dinwiddie to Benj. Grymes -Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. John Baylor -Gov. Dinwiddie to Admiral Boscawen -Gov. Dinwiddie to Benj. Robinson -Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Wm. Fitzhugh -Gov. Dinwiddie to'^Lord Fairfax -Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Innes •Gov. Dinwiddie to Mr. Talbot, W. Callaway, &c. ¦Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Wm. Byrd Gov. Dinwiddie to Major Colin Campbell Gov. Dinwiddie to Goy. Dobbs Gov. Dinwiddie to Sir Thos. Robinson Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Halifax 71727373 7475 76777779 80 8181 83 84858587 89 90 9192 92 94 9596 97 99 100IOI IOI103 103105106106107 108 109 noIIIIII112113 VUI TABLE OF CONTENTS. 1755. July July JulyJulyJuly July July July July JulyJuly JulyJulyJulyJuly Aug.Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug.Aug.Aug. Aug.Aug. Aug.Aug.Aug. Aug. Aug. I I. Aug. II.. ¦Aug. 1 I. Aug. II.- Aug. I I. Aug. I I. Aug. 1 I. Aug. I I. Aug. 1 I. Aug. 14.- Aug. 15.- [Aug. 15] [Aug. 15]- Aug. 18, Aug.Aug. 20, Aug. 20. Aug. 20, 23-- 25-- 25-- 26.- 26.- 26.- 26.- 28.-28.-29.- 29.- 29.-29.- 29.- 30.- I.- 5-- S-- 5- 5-- 7--1-- 7-- 7-- 7--7-- 7-- 7-- -Gov. Dinwiddie to James Abercromby -Gov. Dinwiddie to Sir Thos. Robinson -Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Halifax - Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Dunbar -Gov. Dinwiddie to Capt. Orme -Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Innes -Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Washington -Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Dobbs -Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Glen -Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Sharpe -Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Morris -Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Belcher -Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. De Lancey -Gov. Dinwiddie to Gen. Shirley -Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Fairfax -Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. James Patton -Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Morris -Message of Gov. Dinwiddie to the Assembly. . . -Message of same to the House of Burgesses -Second Message of same to the same -Address of the Council to Gov. Dinwiddie -Reply of Gov. Dinwiddie -Address of the Burgesses to Gov. Dinwiddie. -Reply of Gov. Dinwiddie -Letter of Gov. Dinwiddie to Sir Thos. Robinson . . -Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Halifax -Gov. Dinwiddie to Commodore Keppel -Gov. Dinwiddie to James Abercromby -Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. James Innes -Gov. Dinwiddie to Sir John St. Clair -Gov. Dinwiddie to Capt. Robert Orme -Gov. Dinwiddie to Capt. Adam Stephen -Gov. Dinwiddie to Charles Dick -Gov. Dinwiddie to Captain Andrew Lewis -Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. David Stewart -Gov. Dinwiddie to Major John Smith -Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. John Buchanan -Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Fairfax -Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Clement Read -Commission of Capt. Nathaniel Terry -Gov. Dinwiddie's instructions to Capt. Terry. . . . -Letter of Gov. Dinwiddie to Admiral Boscawen, -Gov. Dinwiddie to the Bishop of London -Gov. Dinwiddie to Sir Thos. Robinson -Gov. Dinwiddie to Henry Fox, Secretary of War, -Gov. Dinwiddie to Charles Dick 115 116117 118120122 122 123 125 126127128129130132132 133 134134 136136 137138138 139 141 143144146147148149150 151152153 154 155 156158 158160 161162164165 TABLE OF CONTENTS. IX 1755- Aug. 20. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. John Spotswood 167 Aug. 22. — Gov. Dinwiddie to the Catawbas and Cherokees 168 Aug. 25. — Letter of Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Sharpe 169 Aug. 25. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Morris '. 172 Aug. 25. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. De Lancey 175 Aug. 25. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Innes 176 Aug. 25.— Gov. Dinwiddie to the Capt's of the Va. forces. . 177 Aug. 25. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Fairfax 178 Aug. 26. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Thos. Bryan Martin 179 Aug. 30.— Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Wm, Fitzhugh 180 Aug. 29. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Dobbs 181 Sept. 2. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Charles Dick 183 Aug. 14. — Commission of Colonel George Washington. . . 184 Aug. 14. — Gov. Dinwiddie's instructions to Col. Washington, 184 Aug. 14. — Memorandum from same for same 187 Sept. 5. — Minutes of a Council with Cherokee Indians 187 Sept. 6. — Speech of Gov. Dinwiddie to Old Hop's Son. . . 189 Sept. 6. — Letter of Gov. Dinwiddie to Capt. John Smith. . 190 Sept. 6. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Sir Thos. Robinson 190 Sept. 6. — Gov. Dinwiddie to the Lords of Trade 192 Sept. 6. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Halifax 194 Sept. 6. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Commodore Keppel 196 Sept. 6. — Gov. Dinwiddie to James Abercromby 197 Sept. 15.— Gov. Dinwiddie to Major Andrew Lewis 198 Sept. 15. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Capt. Wm. Preston 199 Sept. 17. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Washington 200 Sept. 17. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Charles Dick 202 Sept. 18. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Dobbs 202 Sept. 18. — Gov. Dinwiddie to John Campbell .' 205 Sept. 20. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Sharpe 205 ' Sept. 20. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Morris 207 Sept. 20.— Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Belcher 208 Sept. 20. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gen. Shirley 208 Sept. 20. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Capt. Overton 210 Sept. 20. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Wm. Callaway 211 Sept. 25. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Glen 212 Sept. 25. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Wm. Wragg 214 Sept. 27.— Gov. Dinwiddie to Alex. Wright 218 Sept. 27. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Lieut. John McNeill 218 Sept. 27. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. D. Stewart 220 ¦Oct. I.— Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Halifax, with interesting details of Braddock's defeat 220 Oct. I. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Sir Thos. Robinson 227 Oct. I. — From the same to the same 229 Oct. 3. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Sharpe 232 Oct. 3. — Gov Dinwiddie to Col, Stephen 233 X TABLE OF CONTENTS. 1755. Oct. 3.— Gov. Dinwiddie to Lieut. John Gray 234 Oct. 10. — Charge to the grand jury by Gov. Dinwiddie 235 Oct. 10.— Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Dobbs 235 Oct. II.— Col. Washington to Gov. Dinwiddle, with account of Indian invasion of the frontiers 236 Oct. II.— Col. Washington to Andrew Montour 243 Oct. 18.— Gov. Dinwiddie to Gen. Shiriey 244 Oct. 18.— Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. D. Stewart 246 Oct. 18.— Gov. Dinwiddie to Capt. Wm. Preston 246 Oct. 18.— Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Washington 247 Oct. 18. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Halifax 248 Oct. 18. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Geo. Fairfax 249 Oct. 18.— Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Thos. Bryan Martin 250 Oct. 18. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Sir Charles Hardy 250 Oct. 20. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Halifax 252 Oct. 26. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Washington 253 Oct. 27. — Message of Gov. Dinwiddie to the Assembly. . . . 253 Oct. 29. — Reply of the Council to Gov. Dinwiddie 255 Oct. 29. — Rejoinder of Gov. Dinwiddie 256 Oct. 30. — Reply of the Burgesses to Gov. Dinwiddie 25S Oct. 30. — Rejoinder of Gov. Dinwiddie 257 Oct. 31. — Letter of Gov. Dinwiddie to Gen. Shirley 257 Oct. 31. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Morris 25S [Oct. 31] — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Thos. Gage 260 Nov. 4. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gen. Shirley 261 Nov. 12. — From the same to the same 262 Nov. 12. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Morris 264 Nov. 13. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Dobbs 265 Nov. 15. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Sir Thos. Robinson 266 Nov. 15. — Gov. Dinwiddie to the Lords of Trade 269 Nov. 15. — Gov. Dinwiddie to the Lords of the Treasury. . . 271 Nov. 15.— Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Halifax 272 Nov. 15. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Granville 274 Nov. 15. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Admiral Boscawen 276 Nov. 15. — Gov. Dinwiddie to James Abercromby 277 Nov. 20. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Obadiah Woodson 27S Nov. 22. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Sharpe 279 Nov. 22. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Dobbs 280 Nov. 22. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. (?) Tinker 280 Nov. 24. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Sir Thos. Robinson 281 Nov. 24. — Gov, Dinwiddie to the Lords of Trade 284 Nov. 24. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Halilax 2S4 Nov. 24. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Granville 285 Nov. 24. — Gov. Dinwiddie to the Lords of the Treasury. . . 286 Nov. 24. — Gov. Dinwiddie to James Abercromby 2S7 Nov. 26 — Gov. Dinwiddie to Lieut. John McNeill 2S7 TABLE OF CONTENTS. XI 1755- Nov. 26.— Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. David Stewart 288 Nov. 29.— Gov. Dinwiddie to Capt-Lieut. Arbuthnott 288 Nov. 29. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Robert Eastham 289 Dec. 13.— Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Dobbs 289 Dec. 14. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Washington 291 Dec. — . — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Charles Lawrence 293 Dec. 15. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Capt. Peter Hogg 294 Dec. 15. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Captains Preston and Smith. . 295 Dec. 15, — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. David Stewart 296 Dec. 15. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Richard Pearis 296 Dec. 15. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Capt. Obadiah Woodson 297 Dec. 23. — Commission of Colonels Peter Randolph and Wm. Byrd, to treat with the Catawbas and Cherokees. . 298 Dec. 23. — Gov. Dinwiddie to the Catawba Indians 299 Dec. 23. — Gov. Dinwiddie to the Cherokee Indians 300 Dec. 23. — Instructions of Colonels Randolph and Byrd. . . . 301 Dec. 23. — Letter of Gov. Dinwiddie to the same 303 Dec. 24. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Sir Thos. Robinson 306 1756. Jan. 2. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Sharpe 308 Jan. 2. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Morris 309 Jan. 2. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gen. Shirley 311 Jan. 2. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Belcher 312 Jan. 2. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Sir Charles Hardy '. 312 Jan. 2. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Wm. Allen 313 Jan. 13. — Col. Washington to Gov. Dinwiddie 315 Jan. 14. — From the same to the same 317 Jan 15. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Major Andrew Lewis 319 Jan. 15. — Instructions to Major Lewis, commanding expe dition agaist the Shawanese Indians 320 Jan. 15.— Gov. Dinwiddie to Capt. John Smith 322 Jan. 15. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Capt. Obadiah Woodson 323 Jan. 15. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Richard Pearis 324 Jan. 23. — Gov. Dinviddie to Col. Washington 325 Jan. 24.— Gov. Dinwiddie to Gen. Shirley 328 Jan. 24. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Oliver De Lancey 331 Jan. 30. — Gov. Dinwiddie to James Abercromby 332 Feb. 5. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Dobbs 333 Feb. 6. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Lieut. Wm. Fleming 335' Feb. 6. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Major Andrew Lewis 336 Feb. 16. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Lieut. James McNeill 337 Feb. 23. — Gov. Dinwiddie to John Mitchell 338 Feb. 23. — ^Gov. Dinwiddie to the Lords of Trade, recom mending the establishment of forts, etc 338 Feb 24. — Gov Dinwiddie to Lord Halifax 346 Feb. 24. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Andrew Millar 349 Feb. 24. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Halifax 350 xii TABLE OF CONTENTS. 1755. Feb. 23.— List of tithables in Va. sent the Lords of Trade. . 352 Feb. 24.— Gov. Dinwiddie to the Lords of Trade 353 Feb. 24. — From the same to the same 354 Feb. 24.— Gov. Dinwiddie to Sir Thomas Robinson 355 Feb. 24. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Commodore Keppel 356 Feb. 24. — Gov. Dinwiddie to John Cleveland 358 Feb. 24.— Gov. Dinwiddie to James Abercromby 359 Feb. — . — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Morris 360 M'ch 25. — Message of Gov. Dinwiddie to the Assembly 361 M'ch 25.— Message of the same to the House of Burgesses. 361 M'ch 25. — Reply of the Council 364 M'ch 25. — Rejoinder of Gov. Dinwiddie to the last 364 M'ch 25. — Reply of the Burgesses 365 M'ch 25.— Rejoinder of Gov. Dinwiddie to the last 365 M'ch 8. — Letter of Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Sharpe 366 M'ch 13. — Letter of the same to the same 367 M'ch 13. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gen. Shirley 369 M'ch 13. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Dobbs 370 M'ch 20.— Gov. Dinwiddie to Secretary Henry Fox 372 M'ch 20. — Gov. Dinwiddie to the Lords of Trade 373 M'ch 20. — Gov. Dinwiddie to John Pownal 376 M'ch 20. — Gov. Dinwiddie to James Abercromby 377 M'ch 20. — Gov. Dinwiddie to the Gov. of New York 37S M'ch 29. — Address of the Burgesses to Gov. Dinwiddie 379 M'ch 29. — Address of the Council tp Gov. Dinwiddie 379 M'ch 29. — Reply of Gov. Dinwiddie to the Burgesses 3S0 April 8. — Letter of Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Washington.. . 381^ April 13. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Dobbs 382 April 16. — Col. Geo. Washington to Gov. Dinwiddie 383 •¦ April 19 — From the same to the same 3S6 April 19. — Col. Geo. Washington to Lord Fairfax. ....... 387 April 23. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Washington 387 April 23. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Innes 389 April 23. — Instructions of Gov. Dinwiddie to Major A. Lewis in regard to building a fort in the Cherokee country. . . 389 April 23. — Gov. Dinwiddie to the Cherokee Indians 391 April 28. — Letter of Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Washington.. . 392 April 26. — Receipt for Ammunition 392 April 27. — Gov. Dinwiddie to the County Lieutenants 392 April 28. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Major Lewis 393 April 28. — Gov. Dinwiddie to General Shirley 394 April 28. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Sharpe 397 April 28. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Morris 398 May 2.— Minutes of a Court Martial held at Winchester. . 399 May 3. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Washington 401 May 5.— Address of Gov. Dinwiddie to the Assembly ¦ ¦ 403 TABLE OF CONTENTS. Xlll 1756. May 5. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Major Lewis 403 May 5. — Instructions of Gov. Dinwiddie to County Lieut's 404 May 5. — Letter of Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Peter Jefferson, 405 May 8.— Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Washington 406' May 10. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Henry Fox 408 May 10. — Gov. Dinwiddie to J. Abercromby 410 May 21. — From the same to Mr. Turner, Boston, Mass. . . . 411 May 24. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Henry Fox 412 May 24. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Halifax 416 Max 24. — Gov. Dinwiddie to James Abercromby 419 May 24. — Gov. Dinwiddie to the Earl of Loudoun 419 May 24. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Sir Charles Hardy 421 May 27.^Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Washington 422 " May 28. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Maj.-Gen. Jas. Abercrombie. . 424 May 24. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Sharpe 426 May 24. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gen. Shirley 428 May 24. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Commodore Richard Spry.. . 428 May — . — Gov. Dinwiddie to the Lords of the Treasury.. . 429 June — . — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Washington 431 June — . — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Lewis 433 June — . — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Washington 434 June 10. — Gov. Dinwiddie to James Abercromby 435 June — . — Gov. Dinwiddie to the Hon. Augustus Keppel. . 438 June II.— Gov. Dinwiddie to the R't Hon. Henry Fox. . . . 440 June II. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Dobbs 442 June 12. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Glen 443 June 12. — Gov. Dinwiddie to the Catawba Indians 445 June 12. — From the same to the Cherokee Indians 445 June 21. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Sharpe 447 June 28. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Belcher 448 June 28. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Dobbs 448 June 28. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Morris 449 July I. — Gov Dinwiddie to Gen. Shirley 451 July 1. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Sir John St. Clair 451 July I. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Sir Charles Hardy 452 July I. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Loudoun 455 July I. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gen. Abercrombie 457 July 22. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Dobbs. 458 July 21. — Instructions of Col. Washington to Capt. Hog in the building of the chain of frontier forts 460 July 24. — Letter of Gov. Dinwiddie to Henry Fox 461 July 24. — Gov. Dinwiddie to the Lords of Trade 463 July 24. — Gov. Dinwiddie to the Lords of the Treasury. . 465 July 24. — Gov. Dinwiddie to James Abercromby 466 July 27. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Halifax 469 Aug. 7. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Dobbs 470 XIV TABLE OF CONTENTS. 1756. Aug. 7. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. W. H. Lyttieton 471 Aug. 9. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Loudoun 473 Aug- 12. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gen. Abercrombie 477 Aug. 12. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Archibald Kennedy 478 Aug. 17. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Lawrence 478 Aug. 19. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Washington 479 Aug. 20. — From the same to the same 484 Aug. 21. — From the same to the same 484 Aug. 23. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Clement Read 485 Aug. 23. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Major Andrew Lewis 487 Aug. 23. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Capt. Peter Hogg 488 Aug. 23. — Gov. Dinwiddie to the Treasurer of Virginia 490 Aug. 26. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Dobbs 490 Aug. 28.- — Gov. Dinwiddie to the Earl of Loudoun 491 Aug. 30. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Thomas Donald 492 Aug. 30. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Major Andrew Lewis 492 Aug. 30. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. John Buchanan 493 Sept. 2. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Dobbs 494 Sept. 2. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Lyttieton 495 Sept. 2. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Sharpe 495 Sept. 7. — Gov. Dinwiddie to the Earl of Loudoun 497 Sept. 8. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gen. Abercrombie 499 Sept. 8. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Denny 500 Sept. 8. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Sharpe 501 Sept. 8.— Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Clement Read 502 Sept. 8. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Capt. Hogg 504 Sept. 8. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Sir Charles Hardy 505 Sept. 13. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Washington 506 Sept. 18. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Lyttieton 508 Sept. 18. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Dobbs 511 Sept. 20. — Message of Gov. Dinwiddie to the Assembly.. . . 512 Sept. — . — A second message 514 Sept. — . — Response of the Council 516 Sept. — . — Response of the House of Burgesses 516 Sept. — . — Rejoinder of Gov. Dinwiddie to the last 517 Sept. 24.— Letter of Gov. Dinwiddie to Henry Fox 518 Sept. 24.— Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Halifax 519 Sept. 24. — Gov. Dinwiddie to James Abercromby 521 Sept. 30.— Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Washington 522^ Oct. 6.— Gov. Dinwiddie to the Earl of Loudoun 524 Oct. 6. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gen. Abercrombie 526 Oct. 16.— Charge by Gov. Dinwiddie to the Grand Jury. . . 527 Oct. 26.— Letter of Gov. Dinwiddie to Coi. Washington. . . 528 Oct. 26.— Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Adam Stephen 530 Nov. I.— Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. John Buchanan 530 Oct. 28.— Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Loudoun 532 TABLE OF CONTENTS. XV 1756. Oct. 28. — From the same to . the same, " Private " 534 Oct. 29. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Sir John St. Clair 535 Oct. 29. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Dobbs 536 Nov. I. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Capt. Hogg 537 ' Nov. 9. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Henry Fox 538 Nov. 9. — Gov. Dinwiddie to the Lords of Trade 540 Nov. 9.^Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Walpole 541 Nov. 9. — Gov. Dinwiddie to the Earl of Halifax 543 Nov. 9. — Gov. Dinwiddie to James Abercromby 545 Nov. 10. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Dobbs 546 Nov. 12. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Sharpe 546 Nov. 12. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. William Denny 547 Nov. 14. — Gov. Dinwiddie to the Cherokee Indians 548 Nov. 14. — The same to Outacite, a Cherokee chief. 549 Nov. 14. — The same to the Cherokees, Salouke and Estatoe 550 Nov. 14. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Capt. Pearis 550 Nov. 15. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Major Lewis 551 Nov. 16. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Washington 551 Nov. — . — Omission from letter to the Cherokees 553 Nov. 16. — Letter of Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Loudoun 554 Nov. 20. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Lyttieton 555 Nov. 20. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Dobbs 557 Nov. 24. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Clement Read 557 Nov. 25. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Thos. Walker, Commissary. . 558 Dec. 10. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Washington 559 Dec. 10. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Dennis McCarty 562 Dec. 15. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Thomas Walker 562 Dec. 15. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Washington 563 Dec. 15. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Read 564 Dec. 15. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Fairfax 565 Dec. 17. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Major Lewis 566 Dec. i8. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Loudoun 568 Dec. 23. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Major Lewis 569 Dec. 23. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Capt. Thos. Campbell 570 Dec. 23. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Dennis McCarty 571 Dec. 25. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Capt. John McNeill 571 Dec. 27. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Washington 572 Dec. 27. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Thomas Walker 574 1757- Jan- 4- — Gov. Dinwiddie to the Lords of the Treasury. . . 575 Jan. 4. — Gov. Dinwiddie to the Lords of Trade 576 Jan. 4. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Secretary Henry Fox 577 Jan. 4. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Halifax 578 Jan. 4. — Gov. Dinwiddie to James Abercromby 579 Jan. 13. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Clement Read 581 Jan. 13. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Wm. Callaway 582 Jan. 14.— Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Loudoun 583 xvi TABLE OF CONTENTS. 1757. Jan. 26.— Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Washington 584 Jan. 26.— Gov. Dinwiddie to Capt. Mercer 586 Jan. 28.— Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Loudoun 586 Jan. 29. — From the same to the same 587 Jan. 29. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Lyttieton 588 Jan. 29.— Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Dobbs 588 Feb. I.— Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Read 589 Feb. I.— Gov. Dinwiddie to the Treasurer of Virginia 590 Feb. 23. — Gov. Dinwiddie to John Blair 591 April 5.— Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Clement Read 592 April 5. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Geo. Washington 592 Feb. 23. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Capt. Wray 593 Feb. 23. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Loudoun 594 M'ch 2. — Gov. Dinwiddie to John Blair 595 M'ch 2. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Fairfax 595 M'ch 5. — Gov. Dinwiddie to John Blair 596 M'ch 5.— Gov. Dinwiddie to the Naval Officers of Virginia 597 M'ch 22. — Gov. Dinwiddie to John Blair 597 M'ch 22.— Gov. Dinwiddie to the Collector of Hampton.. . . 598 M'ch 22. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Capt. Prince 598 M'ch 22. — Gov. Dinwiddie to William Pitt 599 M'ch 22. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Halifax 600 M'ch 22. — Gov. Dinwiddie to James Abercromby 601 April 2. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Lyttieton 602 April 5. — Gov. Dinwiddle to Gov. Sharpe 604 April 5. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Loudoun 604 April 6.— From the same to the same 605 April 6. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Washington 606 April 8. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Loudoun 607 April II. — Charge to the Grand Jury by Gov. Dinwiddie. . . 60S April 12. — Letter of Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Read 609 April 14. — Message of Gov. Dinwiddie to the Assembly. . . . 610 April 14. — Message of same to the House of Burgesses 610 April 14. — Message of same to the Assembly 611 April 15. — Letter of Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Read 612 April 16. — Reply ofthe Council to Gov. Dinwiddie 613 April 16. — Rejoinder of Gov. Dinwiddie to same 614 April 18. — Reply of the Burgesses to Gov. Dinwiddie 615 April 18. — Rejoinder of Gov. Dinwiddie to the same 616 May 2. — Letter of Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Loudoun 616 May 6.— From the same to the same 618 May 7. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Peter Fontaine 619 May 7. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Read 619 May 14. — Gov. Dinwiddie to William Pitt 620 May 16.— Gov. Dinwiddie's Instructions to Col. Washington 622 May 16. — Letter of Gov. Dinwiddie to the Lords of Trade 623 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 1757- i6.- i6.- 16.-16.-18.- 18.-18.-26.-26.-26.- I.- MayMay May May May MayMay May May' May June June I. June 14. June 16. June 16. June 18. June 20. June 20.- June 20.- June 20. June 2o.- June 2o.- June 24.- June 24.- June 24.- June 24.- June 27.^ June 28.- JulyJulyJuly July JulyJulyJulyJuly JulyJuly JulyJulyJuly Aug.Aug.Aug.Aug.Aug. I.-I.- 9-- 9--9--9-- I3--18.- 18.- 22.- 22.-22.- 3°-- 3--5- 5- -Gov. Dinwiddie to the Lords of the Treasury . . . -Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Halifax -Gov. Dinwiddie to. Col. Washington -Gov. Dinwiddie to James Abercromby -Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Loudoun -Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Sharpe -Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Stanwix -Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Lyttieton -Gov. Dinwiddie to Benj. Stead -Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Stephen -Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Washington -Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Sharpe -From the same to the same -Gov. Dinw -Gov. Dinw -Gov. Dinw -Gov. Dinw: -Gov. Dinw -Gov. Dinw -Gov. Dinw -Gov. Dinw -Gov. Dinw: -Gov. Dinw: -Gov. Dinw: -Gov. Dinw -Gov. Dinw -Gov. Dinw: -Gov. Dinw -Gov. Dinw -Gov. Dinw -Gov. Dinw ddie to Edmund Atkin ddie to Col. Washington ddie to Secretary Wm. Pitt ddie to Col. Washington ddie to Edmund Atkin ddie to Secretary Wm. Pitt ddie to Lord Halifax ndie to James Abercromby ddie to Gov. Dobbs ddie to Col. Washington ddie to Edmund Atkin ddie to Capt. Demerie ddie to the Cherokee Chief, Old Hop ddie to Col. Washington ddie to Gov. Sharpe ddie to Gov. Dobbs ddie to Lieut.-Gov. DeLancey ddie to Lord Loudoun From the same to the same Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. John Young Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Loudoun Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Washington From the same to the same Gov. Dinwiddie to Edmund Atkin Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Lyttieton Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Stephen Gov. Dinwiddie to Benj. Stead Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Sharpe Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Read Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Sharpe Gov. Dinwiddie to Peyton Randolph From the same to the same Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Buchanan 624625 626 627628 630631632634634635 636 638 640640641643645646 648 650 651 654656656 657 658659661663664666 666 667 668 670671 672 67467s676677679679681681 xvill TABLE OF CONTENTS. 1757. Aug. 9. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Washington 683 Aug. 13. — From the same to the same 683 Aug. 13. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Pay-master Boyd 685 Aug. 15. — Wm. Withers, Secretary, to Major Lewis 685 Aug. 18. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Sharpe 686 Aug. 24. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Fontaine 687 Aug. 24. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Bland 688 Aug. 26. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Benj. Stead 689 Aug. 26. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Lyttieton *. . . . 689 Aug. 26. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Dobbs 691 Aug. 26. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Sharpe 692 Aug. 27. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Gov. Lyttieton 692 Sept. 10. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Washingion 693 ¦ Sept. 12. — Gov. Dinwiddie to the Bishop of London 695 Sept. 19. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Major Lewis 699 Sept. 24. — Gov. Dinwiddie to the Cherokee Warriors 700 Sept. 24. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Washington 700 Sept. 24. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Lord Fairfax 701 Sept. 24. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Washington 701 - Sept. 24. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Bouquet 703 Sept. 24. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Stephen 704 Sept. 24. — Gov. Dinwiddie to Benj. Stead 705 Oct. 10. — Charge of Gov. Dinwiddie to the Grand Jury. .. . 705 Oct. 19. — Letter of Gov. Dinwiddie to Col. Washington 706 iddie to Peter Fontaine 708 iddie to Mr. Gist 708 iddie to Col. Washington 709 iddie to Major Lewis 710 iddie to Col. John Spotswood 711 iddie to Col. Washington 712 iddie to Capt. Gist 713 ¦iddie to Col. Washington 715 iddie to Benj. Stead 716 iddie to Col. Bouquet 717 ¦iddie to Col. Stephen 718 ¦iddie to Major Lewis 719 iddie to Capt. Stuart 720 iddie to Mr. Boyd 721 1758- Nov. —.—Robert Dinwiddie to Col. Richard Corbin 721 Jan. —.—Corporation of Williamsburg to Gov. Dinwiddie 724 Oct. 21. — Gov. Dinw Oct. 24 — Gov. Dinwi Oct. 24. — Gov. Dinw Oct. — . — Gov. Dinw Nov. 2. — Gov. Dinw Nov. 2. — Gov. Dinwi Nov. 14. — Gov. Dinw Nov. 14. — Gov. Dinw Nov. 23. — Gov. Dinw Nov. 24. — Gov. Dinw Nov. 24. — Gov. Dinw: Dec. I. — Gov. Dinw Dec. 9. — Gov. Dinw: Dec. 9. — Gov. Dinw Dinwiddie Papers. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO LORD CATHCART.' May 17th, 1755. My Lord: I rec'd y'r Let'r by L't Dalrimple and have prevailed on Gen'l Braddock to give him a Com'o. for Johnson's Fort in Nq. Car., but his half Pay as Lieut, will be a very slender Sub sistance to keep up the Character and Rank of a Commander of a Fort. If y'r L'ds. and his other Friends can have his Pay in creased, it will make the Man perfectly happy. Our Trans ports and Forces are all arrived from Irel'd in perfect Health, none of them sick, they are ordered to Alexa'a on Poto. River, where the Gen'l and Self proceed To-morrovi', and hope, after a small Refreshm't to the Troops, he will take the Field to chastize the Fr. for encroaching on his M'y's Lands. If I can be of any Service to y'r L'ds. in y's part of the World, freely com'd Y'r L'd's most obed't h'ble serv't. ' Charles Schaw, 9th Baron Cathcart, born in 1721 ; married, July 24, i753> Jane, daughter of Lord Archibald Hamilton, and granddaughter of William, 4th Duke of Hamilton, who died in 1770. Lord Cathcart served as Aid-de-Camp to the Duke of Cumberland at the battle of Fontenoy, April 30, 1745 ; attained the rank of Lieutenant-General, and had the order of the Thistle conferred on him ; died July 21, 1776, and was succeeded by Wm. Schaw. "Z DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO JOHN POWNAL, ESQ'R. Mar. 17th, 1755. Sir: Y'r favo. of the 26th Dec'r I rec'd a few Days ago, and am greatly obliged for y'r Concern on the Uneasiness I have had in my Administrat'n; but as the People are now sensible of their unjust Clamour and Compl'ts ag'st me, I excuse them, and we are now on good Terms, and believe shall rem'n perfectly easy. Last Week the Transports with the Forces arrived, all in perfect Health, and not one sick Person. They are ordered to Alexa'a, where Gen'l Braddock, his Retinue and myself proceed To morrow, and I hope they will soon take the Field and chastize the Insolence of the French in disturbing our Quiet and unjustly invading his M'y's Lands. I have restored Mr. Randolph to his Office of Atto'y Gen'l, after his sending me a Let'r acknowl edging his Errors and Promise of a proper Conduct for the Future, that now the Pistole Fee and all other Grievances, unjustly complained of, cease. The Death of L'd Albemarle gave me very great Concern both as a Loss to the Nat'n and to me in particular. I wish his Place as Gov'r of y's Dom'n was kept open a few Years to help to reimburse the great Expences I have been at in these troublesom Times, but as there are so many great Men watching for all such Places of Profit, I can hardly expect y't I sh'd be tho't of; if any is appointed to suc ceed him in this Gov' t, I shall be glad of early Notice. I shall, at all Times, be glad of the Favo. of hearing from You, and with great Sincerity, I remain. Sir, Y'r most obed't h'ble Serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO JAMES ABERCROMBY. Mar. 17th, 1755. Sir: Y'r several Let's I rec'd, the last by Ct Dalrymple, of 30th Jan' y. I am so hurried y't I cannot particularly answer 'em all. Ct Dalrymple was not sent Home by me, but Capt. Whitwell, of His M'y's Ship, Triton, being ' ordered to N. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 6 Engl., by whom I intended my Let's; I found Mr. Dalrymple at Hampton, and as he was going home, I gave him my Let's to [be] d'd on his Arrival, but did not esteem him a proper person to apply or to speak to any Thing here ; w't he did y't way was entirely voluntary. However, poor Man, I have obtained him a Com'o. from Gen'l Braddock to comm'd Johnson's Fort in No. Car. , w' ch is all he desired. The Death of L' d Albemarle gave me very great Concern, and if H. M'y sh'd think proper to keep it open a few years, the Salary w' d reimburse a very great Expence I have been at in the Publick Service these last two Years, and if properly considered, will be no very great Favo. But I must submit to my Fate on y't Head. The money sent me, &c. , is near exhausted, y' 1 1 am obliged to call the Assem bly the 1st Day of May next, to endeavour to get further Sup plies. But I dread Success, as our neighbouring Colonies have been so indol't, refractory and inconsist' t with their own Int't and H. M'y's Com'd's as not to grant us any Assist' ce, either in Money, Men or Provis's, except N. York, ab't 3,000 £ St'g; No. Car., 6,000 £, their Money; M'yl'd the same sum; So. Car. and Pensylva'a, not one Farthing. These Neglects and Disobedience to the Royal Mandat. is inexcusable. G'l Brad dock arrived near a Mo. ago, and all the Transports, except one, last week at Hampton; all in Health, not one Sick, w'ch is wonderful. They are ordered to Alexa'a. The Gen'l and Self set out for y't Place To-morrow, and as I hope he will take the Field with all proper Convenience, I doubt not he will do the Business he is come on. I am much engaged in facili- tat'g Affairs for the Campaign. I have made a large Purchase of Provis's, Horses and Waggons. I can make no Dem'd from the Council for the Charges on the Pistole Affair, w'ch I wonder You do not send me. Inclosed You have Mr. Mason's Let'r to me and his two Notes of Hand, w'ch endeavour to have p'd. I am told he is son to the Porter at Somerset Ho.; whether or not, you probably will find him there, I observe Mr. Littleton is appointed to succeed Mr. Glen, and I suppose will soon be in Caro., and I hope to keep up a proper Corres pond' ce. The other was so long in his Let's and so dictatorial in style y't I was quite weary in writing him. My Wife and Girls join in Compl'ts to you, and I am sincerely. Sir, y'r Friend and h'ble Serv't. 4 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR DOBBS. Mar. 17th, [1755.J Sir: I have the Pleasure to acqu't You of the Transports from Irei'd are all arrived, and the Forces in perfect good Health, not one sick. They are ordered for Alexa'a, for w'ch Place I pro ceed To-morrow with Gen'l Braddock. He has sent for Gov'r Shirley to meet him at Annapolis, when, I believe, the Plan of Operat's will be concerted, and on my return, shall write You, and hope Y'r Son, with his Co'y, will soon be at Alexa'a. The Bearer, Capt. Dalrymple, is appointed Commander of Johnson's Fort, in Y'r Province, by Gen'l Braddock, he w'd have been appointed at Home, but a Delicacy in regard to Mr. Braddock prevailed. He is recommended by L'd Halifax, Anson and several others to me and the Gen'l. I recommend him to Y'r F'dship, and hope Y'r Assembly will allow him so much ^ An. Your Message to Your Assembly is very proper and well wrote, but too long for our News Paper. I, therefore, took the Liberty of incert'g Paragraphs, as in y't Channel it will be more uni versally seen. I must refer You to Colo. Hunter's Let. enclosed, in reg'd to y'r Pork and Beef I think You have provided suffi cient Provis's for the Troops for Six Mo's. Mr. Littleton, Bro. to Sir Geo., is appointed Gov'r of So. Carolina, and will be very soon there. Mr. Glen's saying there was pres't Emergency for raising of Money is surprising to me. I fear there are no more Tents come in y'n for the Troops from B'n. I have made 40 here and ordered 60 from Eng. for our Forces. I have Powder and Ball at Hampton belonging to y's Co' try. I shall order Colo. Hunter to let them have w't pay be necessary, and You may hereafter replace it or pay the cost thereof I have presented Y'r Complim'ts to Gen'l Braddock, and [he] desires his to you. My Wife and Girls join me in Kind Respects to you. Son and Nephew, and I am, with Sincerity and in great Truth, Y'r Ex's most obed't h'ble Serv't. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 0 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR SHARPE. Mar. 29th, 1755, Alexa'a. Sir : Gen'l Braddock, Commodore Keple' and myself came to y's Place on Wednesday Night. The General reviews the Forces on Monday and as soon as we hear Gov'r Shirley is on his way to y's Place we propose to set ofif from y's. The Company y't will be with us, are — the General, his Aid de Camp, Sec'ry and Serv'ts, the Comodore, his Sec'ry, y'r h'ble serv't, his Clerk and Serv't. I propose coming in my Coach with the Gen'l and Comodore and I suppose the others will ride. If You hear from Phila' a y't Gov'r Shirley is on the Road for Annapolis, send an Express to give us Notice. I am heartily sorry Y'r Assembly is prorogued with't grant' g supplies. It is very un lucky as I have ordered our Assembly to meet the ist Day of May, but I fear the Backwardness of y'r Assembly and y't of Pensylvania will influence them to follow their Examples and now w'n H. M'y has sent us so great a Reinforcem'tand expect our acting properly by joining them with spirit, our refractori ness will throw great Reflect' s at Home on our Colonies, but I ^The Hon. Augustus, second son of William Anne Keppel, sec ond Earl of Albemarle, was born April 2, 1725 ; entered the navy as a midshipman and was wounded at the capture of Paita ; rapidly pro moted, and distinguished himself at Gorea and in the battle of Belle- Isle; Commodore in 1762, in the fleet sent out under Sir George Pocock to the Havana. In consequence of grave charges brought against him by Sir Hugh Palliser, he was court-martialed for his conduct in the sea- fight near Ushant, June 27, 1778, but was most honorably acquitted, while his accuser became the object of general opprobrium. So strong was the sympathy with Keppel that Parliament went to the unusual length of voting him its thanks. Succeeded his deceased father, the Earl of Albemarle, as member of Parliament from Chichester, February, 1755. He was appointed in 1763 Groom of the Bed Chamber to the King, which office he vacated in 1766; First Lord of the Admiralty, in 1782; and in April, the same year, he was advanced to the peerage as Viscount Keppel of Elveston, in the county of Suffolk. He died in 1786, when his title became extinct. His little squadron, consisting of his own ves sel, the famous Centurion, the Norwich, Captain, the Hon. Samuel Bar rington, and the Syren, Captain Proby, cast anchor in Hampton Roads, Va., February 20, 1755. b DINWIDDIE PAPERS. suspend saying any more till I have the Pleasure of seeing You. I rem'n with great Respect Y'r Ex's most humble servant. [Memorandum.] Wrote to, by Capt. Randolph, viz't : Dukes of Argyle,' Newcastle,* and Bedford ;* also to D. Moore. 'William Cavendish, third Duke of Argyle; Lord Steward of the Household in 1729; Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 1737-44; died Decem ber 5, 1755, and was succeeded by General John Campbell as fourth Duke, who married Elizabeth (Gunning), widow of James Hamilton, third Duke of Brandon, of Hamilton, etc., and died in November, 1770. *Thomas Pelham, born August i, 1693, by the last will and testament of his uncle, John Hollis, Duke of Newcastle, was adopted his heir, and au thorized to bear the name and arms of Hollis; created Earl of Clare and Viscount Haughton, October 26, 17 14; Duke of Newcastle, August 2, 1715 ; married, April 12,1717, Lady Harriet, eldest daughter and co-heir of Francis, Earl Godolphin; April 15, Lord Chamberlain; i6th, one ofthe Privy Council ; on November 28, the same year, he stood god-father at the baptism of Prince George William, afterwards George II. ; made Knight of the Garter April 30, 1718; May 2, one of the Commissioners at Whitehall who signed treaty of aUiance with France ; a Lord Jus tice, May 9, 1719 ; resigned as Lord Chamberlain, April 2, 1724, and made a Principal Secretary of State ; June 2, 1725, again a Lord Justice ; on the accession of George II. continued in all of his posts ; High Steward of the University of Cambridge, July, 1737 ; a Lord Justice in 1740, 1743, 1745 and 1748, and in last. Premier; installed Chancellor of Cambridge, July i, 1749; succeeded his brother, Henry Pelham, on his decease, March 6, 1754, as First Lord of the Treasury, and on the 23d instant resigned as Secretary of State. Resigning his place in the Trea sury, he was, November 13, 1756, created Duke of Newcastle-under- Lyne; July 2, 1757, reappointed to the Treasury, but resigned in May, 1762, on being created Baron Pelham of Stanmer, in Sussex, and soon after resigned his remaining offices. He died November 17, 1768, and his Duchess, July 17, 1776. Having no male issue, the title of Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne descended to Henry, Earl of Lincoln, and that of Baron Pelham to Thomas Pelham. *John Russell, fourth Duke of Bedford, born September 30, 1710; married, first, October 11, 1731, Lady Diana Spencer, daughter of the Eari of Sunderiand and granddaughter of the Duke of Mariborougb ; second (having succeeded to the Dukedom in 1732), Gertrude, daughter of the Eari of Gower; and, third. Lady Elizabeth, daughter of William Anne Keppel, Earl of Albemarle, by whose issue the Ducal line was continued; constituted First Lord ofthe Admiralty, December, 1744, under the Pelham ministry, in which station his orders to Warren con- DINWIDDIE PAPERS. ( GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL INNES. Alexandria, Mar. 29th, 1755. Sir: I rec'd y'r Let'r the 19th Inst't. I wrote you by Jenkins, w'ch I am sorry did not reach you, and as I am from Home, [I] cannot send a Copy or write you particularly on the Sub ject, but as I observe You want some Money, it is not in my Power to send You any from y's [place], but I have desired Mr. Walker to let You have ^100, and I desire You will pay Mr. Montour ^30, and take his Receipt for it, and I hope the Re mainder will answer y'r pres't Dem'ds. My Service to Mr. Montour; let him know I am so much hurried I cannot write him, but sh£|.ll at all Times be ready to serve him. Mr. Cro- ghan's Acc't surprizes me, as he says it's for Cloths for Cap't Montour's Company. Call for his Com'o. and You will see he was only to com'd some Ind's by way of Scouts, and, indeed, chiefly intended to protect ¦ him in Case he sh'd fall into their Hands. I am in Hopes the Gen'l will begin the March of the Forces, but he and I go to Annapolis to meet Gov'r Shirley to settle the Plan of Operat's. You are [the] best Judge of the Reasons for quiting Y'r Com'd. I have strongly recomended You to the Gen'l, and hope at Meeting, his Proposals may en gage You to continue with the Army, but y's must be with tributed greatly to the fall of Louisburgh ; appointed Lord Lieutenant of Bedfordshire in 1745, and was one of the Lords Ju.stices during the King's absence abroad in 1745, 1748 and 1750. At the breaking out of the Scotch rebellion he raised a regiment of foot, with which he served ; and February 13, 1748, succeeded Lord Chesterfield as Secretary of State, with charge of the Colonies. He held this office until June 26, 1751, when being (like the French Minister, Maurepas) wanting in def erence to the King's mistress, and becoming a victim to the treachery of his colleague, he found it necessary to resign. On the fall of the Duke of Newca.stle, in 1756, the Duke of Bedford became Lord Lieu tenant of Ireland ; formed part of the Ministry of the Earl of Bute, in 1761, as Keeper of the Privy Seal, and in 1762 was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to France to negotiate a peace, which was ratified in February following. He died January 15, 1771, and was succeeded in his title by his eldest son, Francis, fifth Duke. » DINWIDDIE PAPERS. Y'rself I heartily wish You Health and Happiness, and am. Sincerely, Sir, Y'r Very h'ble serv't. [P. S.J — -If Mr. Fraser petitions the Assembly in May next, I shall, from Y'r Recomendation, back his Solicitat'n. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL STEPHEN. Alexa'a, Mar. 29th, 1755. Sir : Both y'r Let'rs of the 26th and 23d I have rec'd, and I have had a due Regard to y'r Ranks, and y'r Pay is equal to the rest of the Rangers. The Artificers and Light Horse will have double Duty and more Expences, therefore their pay is increased. As to Pay Master, the Gen'l has given Orders y't no Commissioned Officer shall be pay master, by w'ch y't's out of my Power, and the Capt's must be satisfied, as there is 2 s. ^ Day added to their pay. I sh'd have been glad to have served you further, but the Regulat'n was settled regularly in a Council of officers, I therefore hope you will rem'n satisfied, as there are many here y't w'd be glad to suc ceed to y'r Com'd. If you see Mr. Perkins tell him from me y't I expect better Conduct from him, and y't it is his Duty to do all in his Po\yer to assist in recruiting, otherwise I shall take Cognizance of his conduct. I am greatly hurried y' t can add no more y' n y' t I am, Sir, y'r Friend, &c. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO DR. ANDERSON. Alexa'a, Mar. 29th, [1755]. oIR. '. I rec'd y'r Let'r; am sorry for y'r Loss at the Meadows. I believe there are two Chests of Medicine sent up from W'm'b'g, I suppose one for You and the other for Doct'r Colhoun, w'ch DINWIDDIE PAPERS. y I expect are with You before this. There are no Medicines to be purchased here, but as there is a Hospital for all the Forces landed here, 1 doubt not but on Occasion You may be supplied from them. I am, with respect. Sir, Y'r ob'd't humble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO DR. COLHOUISf. Alexa'a, M'ch 29th, [1755]. Sir : I wrote You a full answer to Y'r former Let'r by Jenkins, w'ch [I] am sorry did not reach You, and as I am from Home cannot give You a Copy. I think there were two Chests of Medicine came with Captain Demere," and I believe one was for You and y't You [have] rec'd it before y's. I had none particularly recommended to my Care, but if at any Time any Thing for You sh' d be recommended to me, I shall carefully forward them to You, and am, with Regard, Sir, Y'r most h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO CAPTAIN RUTHERFURD. Alexa'a, M'ch 29th, [1755]. Sir : Y'r favo. of the 19th I rec'd, and am glad of Y'r being in good Health, and shall be obliged for an Acc't of the Result of the Monday's Council. I have proposed to the Gen'l to send an Officer with a Speech to the Six Nat's, and an Interpreter, but I recomended Colo. Johnston' as the proper Channell, as 'Paul Demerie, Captain of the Independent company from South Carolina. He was assigned as the Commander of Fort Prince in South Carolina, in 1760, and was killed in that year in the war with the Chero kees. 'Sir William Johnson, younger son of Christopher, an Irish gentle man; born at Smithtown, County Meath, Ireland, 1715 ; died near Johns- 10 dinwiddie PAPERS. I believe he has a Com'o. from Home very lately to transact Affairs with the Ind's. I am in great hopes w'n they hear of the Num. of our Forces y't they will take up the Hatchet in town, Fulton county, N. Y., July ii, 1774. Educated for mercantile life, an unsuccessful love affair changed his career; came to America in 1738 to manage the estate of his uncle. Admiral Sir Peter Warren ; established himself upon a tract of land on the south side of the Mo hawk Valley, about 24 miles from Schenectady, N. Y., and embarked in trade with the Indians, whom he always treated with perfect honesty and justice ; acquainting himself with their language, and accommo dating himself to their manners and dress, by his easy, dignified and affable manner, he won their confidence; acquired over them an in fluence greater than was ever possessed by any other white man ; and was adopted by the Mohawks as one of their tribe, and chosen sachem. At the outbreak of the French war in 1743, he was made sole .superintendent of the Indians, and preserved the frontier from injury until the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, in 1748; appointed a mem ber of the N. Y. Council in 1750; instrumental in settling the quarrel which in 1753 arose between the Albany Commissioners and the In dians, but declined any further connection with Indian affairs ; a del egate to the Albany Congress of 1754, and attended also a Grand Council held with the Indians ; at the Council of Alexandria, April i4> 1755; commissioned by General Braddock "Sole Superintendent of the Six Nations," and created a Major-General and Commander-in- Chief of the expedition against Crown Point; defeated Baron Dieskau at Lake George, Sept. 8, 1855, and was wounded in the hipj rewarded with the thanks of Parliament, ;^5,ooo and a baronetcy, Nov. 27, 1755; commissioned by George II. in March, 1756, "Colonial Agent and Sole Superintendent of the Affairs of the Six Nations and other northern Indians," with a salary of ^600. He held this office during his life; engaged with his Indians in the abortive attempts to relieve Oswego and Fort William Henry, and at the repulse of Abercrombie at Ti conderoga, in 1758; second in command of Prideaux's expedition against Fort Niagara, in 1759, upon whose death he commanded in chief; continued the seige with vigor ; cut to pieces the French army sent to its relief (July 24) ; and the garrison surrendered at discretion. With his Indian allies he assisted in 1760 in the expedition of Am herst, which was ended by the capture of Montreal and the surrender of Canada to the English. For his services, he received from the King a tract of 100,000 acres of land north of the Mohawk, long known as " Kingsland," or the " Royal Grant." He gave much attention to agriculture, and first introduced sheep and blooded horses into the Mohawk Valley; livad in baronial style and exercised unbounded hospitality. By his wife, Catherine Wisenburgli. who died young, he dinwiddie papers. 11 earnest, and y't the other Ind's will not rem'n with the Fr. The Gen'l is now engag'd in making Regulat's, but I expect he will very soon begin the March of Detachm'ts from the Camp. I shall be glad of any Opport'y of serving You, and am, with great Respect, Sir, Y'r most ob'd't h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO LORD FAIRFAX. Alexa'a, Mar. 29th, [1755]. My Lord : I have the Hon'r of y'r Let'r of the i6th. As to Nelson, I hope he is sent down to W'msb'g for his Tryal. His intolerable Neglect of the Clerk of Hampshire is monstrous, and I have spoke to Colo. Fairfax to apply to the Sec'ry for Redress, and the Neglect of the Atto'y Gen'l in not giving proper Attendance must be a great Delay to Business. In such Cases if y'r L'ds. w'd recom'end another, better situated for Attendance, I shall obtain him a Com'o., and am heartily sorry Business is retarded by the neglect of the Officers of the Court. I am extremely hurried y't I can say no more at pres't, but my Compliments to Mr. Martin. I remain Y'r L'd's most ob'd't h'ble serv't. GOV. DINWIDDIE TO THOMAS WALKER, COMMISSARY. Alexa'a, Mar. 29th, [1755]. Sir : I rec'd Y'rs of the i8th. I am now much hurried in Af fairs with Gen'l Braddock. You are to pay no Expence of had issue, John, knighted in 1765, and two daughters, who married respectively. Colonel Claus,- and Colonel Guy Johnson. By "Molly," the sister of the great Mohawk sachem. Brant, with whom he lived happily till his death, he had eight children. Sir William was the author of a paper on the "Customs, Manners and Languages of the Indians," in the Pfiilosopfiical Transactio?is, for Nov. 1771. Life qf, by W. L. Stone, 1865. 12 dinwiddie papers. Horse hire to the Officers; the regulars purchase their own Horses. I desire You to pay Colo. Innes loo^, to pay Mr. Montour and some other D'm'ds upon him, and take his Re ceipt for the same. I think we now have Provis's sufficient for the whole forces for 8 Months, y't I think You need not pur chase any more, but consult with Colo. Innes on y's or any other Affairs y't may occur. I shall always be ready to do you any Service in my Power, and am. Sir, Y'r Friend, &c. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL INNES. April 1 2th, 1755. Sir : Y'r Let'r of the 5th I rec'd last Night. [I] am sorry Mr. Walker has not p'd the ;^ioo. I have wrote him to send it to You, either from himself or Mr. Dick. Y'r Reasons for resign ing Y'r Com'd are just, and [I] do think the Gen'l will take proper Notice of You. Six Compa's of S'r Peter Halket' s marched two Days ago for Winchester, and six of Colo. Dun bar's y's Day for Frederick, in M'yl'd. The Gen'l leaves y's [place] on Tuesday next. I wish them all a happy Junction with You, after w'ch I hope they will begin their Mar. over the Alle gany, and hope the desired Success will attend as the Force of the Fr. cannot be equal to ours. The Delay hitherto of the Regulars c'd not be prevented. This Night Gov'r Shirley is expected, when the plan of Operat'ns will be settled. W't You wrote of the Militia agrees with my Opinion, and as the Assembly meets the ist of May, I shall endeavour to enforce it. I shall leave y's in a few days for W'msb'g. Y'r Caution in Case of Surprize is very comendable. I wish you Health, and am Sincerely, Sir, Y'r humble serv't. [P. S.] — I have sent to Winch'r the Cloth'gfor our Forces. dinwiddie papers. 13 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL STEPHEN. Alexa'a, Apr. 12th [1755]. Sir : I have sent up Cloth' g for our Forces. Y't for the Compa's at Wills' s Creek and Ct Lewis must be sent to them. Some Time Since You wrote me You c'd recruit more Men. I there fore enclose you Gen'l Braddock's warr't for your Purposes, and at the Price Limitted I think You may raise a good Number, w'ch if you can, must be done imediately, not to retard Y'r March, w'ch I suppose will be ordered in a Fortnight, and w't you can do will recomend You to the Gen' I's Favour. I rem'n with Respect, Sir, Y'r ob't h'ble serv't. GOV. DINWIDDIE TO THOMAS WALKER, COMMISSARY. Alexa'a, Apr. 12th, 1755. Sir : I wrote You and Colo. Innes lately, desiring You to pay him ;!{^ioo, w'ch I now repeat, as it is to pay Mr. Montour, who I find is in great want of Money. Therefore, if You or Mr. Dick have y't Sum, pray send it to Colo. Innes. I have sent the Clothing for our Forces. There will be some remaining after each have a full suit, w'ch You are to leave at Winchester till wanted ; the others to be forwarded to W. Creek and to Capt. Lewis. I rem'n, with great Respect. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO JOHN RUTHERFURD, ESQ. Alexa'a, Apr. 12th, 1775. Sir : Y'rs of the 6th I rec'd with the Weekly returns. As I ad vanced some Money for Y'r Co'y which our Country will not 14 dinwiddie papers. pay, I have been obliged to trouble Capt. Orme" with the same, y't You may either discharge or underwrite the Acc't, y't I may transmit it Home for paym' t. Six Compa's of S'r Peter Halket' s marched for Winchester two Days ago, and six comp's of Colo. Dunbar's, march for Frederick, in M'yl'd, and tbe Gen'l leaves y's on Tuesday, so I wish them a happy Junction at Ws Creek ; from thence I suppose they will very soon march over the Allegany Mount's, and I doubt not of their Success. I have [recommended you] and shall repeat my Recomendat'n of you to the Gen'l, and hope e'er he reaches You, your Compa. wilfbe compleated. The Reports to him ofthe N. York Compa's have occasioned him a good deal of Uneasiness, but hope he will be reconciled w' n he gets to W. Creek. He has Orders to compleat the two Regim'ts here to i,ooo Men each, and he has accord ingly given out Warr'ts for enlisting Men, but I think he will not delay the Time on y't Head. I wish you an agreeable Cam paign and Success against the Enemies of our Co' try. I am, with very great Respect, Sir, Y'r most humble servant. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO WILLIAM ALLEN, ESQ. Alexa'a, Apr. 12th, 1755. Sir : Y'r Let'r of the nth Mar. I sh'd have answered before y's, but the Hurry in attend'g Gen'l Braddock to y's Place and An- ^ Robert Orme, Esq., of the county of Devon, entered the army as an Ensign in the Thirty-fifth regiment of foot, and in 1745 exchanged into the Coldstream Guards, in which he became a Lieutenant, April 24, 1751 ; accompanying Braddock, he served as his aid-de-camp, and was wounded with him ; returned to England the same year, and in Octo ber, 1756, resigned his commission, and married the Hon. Audrey Townshend, only daughter of Charies, Lord Viscount Townshend, sis ter of Lieutenant-Colonel Roger Townshend, who fell at Ticonderoga in 1759, and of George, afterwards first Marquis Townshend, who suc ceeded General Wolfe at the capture of Quebec. Captain Orme was a faithful, brave and capable officer, and left an interesting journal of Braddock's campaign, which was published by the Pennsylvania His torical Society in 1855, with a highly valuable introductory memoir by Winthrop Sargent, M. A. dinwiddie papers. 15 napolis prevented. We are much obliged to You and Mr. Franklin for y'r good Offices with Y'r Comittee in procuring the desired Supply of Flour, w'ch I hope by y's Time is partly at Conegocheck. The Informat'n of the No' ern Colonies sup ply' g the Fr. at Cape Briton, now Lewisb'g, were general, and no particular Person mentioned, or did I ever hear You was con cerned therein. From the Knowledge and Opinion I have of Mr. Allen, if I had heard Y'r Name mentioned on y't Subject I sh'd imediately put the negative to it, and in my Opinion their Supplies are chiefly from the Colonies to the No' w'd of You ; but I hope for the Future they will be restrained. I thank you for Mr. Shippen' s Let'r enclosed me; it is wrote with g(5od Sense, and many Things in it may be of Service on the pres't Expedit'n. The Forces are all in good Health and Spirits, and am in great Hopes they will be able to effect w't they came ab't. I think they will probably pass the Mo' t's the End of y's Mo. It will give me much Pleasure to keep up a Correspondence with You, and believe me to be, with very great Regard and Respects, S'r, Y'r ob'd't humble servant. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO SIR THOMAS ROBINSON. Apr. 30th, 1755. R'T Hon.: My last to You was the 17th Mar., to w'ch I beg to be referred. I have been one Month with Gen'l Braddock, to assist with my Advice for the Conduct' g the Expedit'n, and ret'd hither only last Week. The Gen'l, Como. Keppel, the Gov'rs of N. Eng., N. York, Pensylva'a, M'yl'd and myself met in Council at Alexa'a the 14th of y's Mo., to consult a Plan of Operat's for the Summer's Campaign against the Fr., when it was unanimously agreed y't the Gen'l, with upwards of 3,000 Men, was to attack the Fr. on the River Ohio; y't the two Regim'ts of Gov'r Shirley's and S'r Wm. Pepperell' s were to march and attack the Fort at Niagara ; That Colo. Johnston, with 5,000 Men, raised to the No' ward, was to at tack Crown Point. These Dispositions we all tho't the most eligible, and I am of Opinion may Succeed' to drive the Fr. 16 dinwiddie papers. from His M'y's Lands. If the Gen'l succeeds on the Ohio, he proposed going up y't River to Lake Erie, to take their Forts on De Beuf, and on y't Lake, and probably may join Gov'r Shirly's and S'r Wm. Pepperell's Regim'ts at Niag ara. It was further ordered y't two Independent Compa's at N. York, and two Compa's from S'r Wm. Pepperell's, sh'd immediately march to Oswego Fort, throw up Breast works and put it in a Defencable Condition. Y's Fort is in the way to Niagara, y't it is tho't proper the above two Compa's may join S'r Wm. Pepperell, and I have sanguine Hopes on y's Plan they will meet with Success, but the Expence of the Train of Artillery is monstrous to get Horses, Waggons, &c., to transport them over the Allegany Mount's. I believe the Gen'l is at W. Creek by y's Time, and I dare say will use all possible Diligence in puting the Scheme in force. Money is much wanted, and if I had not rec'd the Cash and Credit from Home, I c'd not have provided the Provis's I have done for the Army. Our Assembly meets To-morrow, w'n I shall earnestly endeavour to have a Vote of Supply, but I greatly prefer Suc cess, as our neighbouring Proprietary Gov'ts, and M'yl'd and Pennsylvania have been so monstrously backw'd. Quarreling with y'r Gov'rs and not grant' g the Aid y't the pres't emerg't Occasion dem'ds. However, I shall do all in my Power to raise in our People a proper Spirit, and, if possible, to get a Supply; but really, with't a British Act of Parliament to oblige all the Colonies to a mutual Supply, I dread the Gov'rs will hardly be able to perswade them. I but just now heard of v s Ship's sailing, so cannot enlarge but to assure You I rem'n, with great Deference and Respect, R't Hon., Y'r most ob'd't humble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO LORD HALIFAX. R'T Hon.: Apr. 30th, 1755. My last was the 17th Mar., to w'ch I pray [you] to be referred. I am just ret'd from Alexa'a, where I went to attend Gen'l Braddock, and at y't Place the Gen'l, Como. Keppel, dinwiddie papers. 17 Gov'rs of N. Engl, N. York, Pensylva'a, M'yl'd and Self met in Council to consult the Plan of Operations for the Campaign. The Gen'l with upwards of 3,000 Men marches to attack the Fort at Ohio. Gov'r Shirley and S'r Wm. Pepperell's Regim'ts are ordered to attack Niagara ; 5,000 Militia, under Com'd of Colo. Johnston, appointed for the Attack of Crown Point, and probably, if Gen'l Braddock succeeds soon, he will proceed up the Ohio, and may be in Time to join the two Regim'ts at Niagara, and if the whole Force may be employed ag'st Crown Point I hope success may attend all their attacks. Our Assembly meets to-morrow, w'n I shall strongly solicit them for a further Supply, but I greatly dread Success from the Backwardness of the two Proprietary Gov'ts of Pensylvania and M'yl'd, who have refused any Supply on y's Emergency. I am sorry there are any Proprietary Gov'ts on y's Cont't, for thev are litigiously wanton with their Liberties and Charters. I wish the Proprietors well, but I wish the Crown w' d make a proper Purchase from them, or at least take the Rules of Gov't into their own Hands, for I think there never was such monstrous ill-conduct from any set of People in Time of so great Danger. An Union of the Colonies is greatly to be desired, but even then these Colonies will continue obstinate and fractious, unless a general Tax is laid on all the Colonies by a British Act of Par liament. I shall endeavour all in my Power with our Assembly and try to raise their Spirits to a proper Notion of the great Necessity of Supplies at y's Period of Time. It was further agreed in Council at Alexa'a y't the two Ind't Compa's at N. York, with two of S'r Wm. Pepperell's, sh'd march immedi ately for Oswego Fort, throw up Breast Works and put it in a Defencible Order. The two Regim'ts proposed to attack Ni agara go very near y't Fort, and if necessary may order the two Companies of S'r Wm. Pepperell's to join them. As y's Ship's going was but communicated to me, I have not Timi to enlarge, but was desirous to give You Notice of w't was concerted on the Expedit'n. Have wrote only to S'r T. R. and Y'r Self, but shall soon write You more fully. I am, with very great Respect and Deference, Y'r L'd's most ob'd't humble serv't. P. S. — Colo. Johnston is sent to the Six Nat's with a Pres't 2 18 dinwiddie papers. and to endeavour to get them to take up the Hatchet ag'st the Fr. He has some Hopes of succeed' g, w'ch will be of great service. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR DOBBS. Apr. 30th, 1755. Sir : I have been y's Mo. at Alexa'a with Gen'l Braddock, where he, Com'o. Keppel, the Gov'rs of N. Engl., N. York, Pensyl va'a, M'yl'd and myself met in Council to consult a Plan of Operat's for the Forces y's Summer, w'n it was unanimously agreed y't the Gen'l with upwards of 3,000 Forces sh'd attack the Forts on Ohio, River de Buef and Lake Erie. Gov'r Shir ley's and S'r Wm. Pepperell's Regim'ts to attack Niagara; Colo. Johnston with 5,000 Militia raised in the No' ern Provinces is to besiege Crown Point; that the two Ind't Companies at N. York and two Companies of S'r Wm. Pepperell's proceed directly to Fort Oswego to raise Breast Works and make it defencible. Two Sloops to be built on Lake Champlain, w'ch Gov'r Shirley has undertaken to provide Workmen, &c. These are the Dispositions made, and I hope will meet with Your Approbation. The want of Money is a very great Loss. I call our Assembly To-morrow, but I much dread of Success, as the neighbouring Colonies of Pensylvania and M'yl'd con tinue refractory and obstinate, but shall do all in my Power. Y'r son, now here, has bro't a Compa. of 84 Men. They are gone for Alexa'a and he proceeds by Land To-morrow. If You can agree for 600 good fat catde to be drove to W. Creek it will be very acceptable, and may be of Use in raising Money to pay Y'r Company. Inclosed You have a Letter, I think from Gov'r Shirley, and one from Mr. Glen, w'ch please forw'd by first con venient Opp' ty, as also three Packets from England for You and the two Gov'rs to the So' w'd. I shall supply Y'r Son with w't he may want. I am much hurried y't I cannot enlarge, but y't I am in great Truth, Y'r Ex's most obed't humble serv't. P. S. — I think Ct Dalrymple is not very modest in his re- dinwiddie papers. 19 peated Dem'ds. You must keep him at a proper Distance, otherways he will be two assuming, and I fear he is not liked in Y'r Province. I forgot to acqu't You y't Colo. Johnston is gone to the Six Nat's with a Pres't for the So' ern Ind's to be d'd by Gen'l Braddock. I much want to hear of Y'r Serv' t's return from Mr. Glen, tho' I presume Gov' r Littleton may be there by y's Time. Y'rs Sincerely, R. D. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO SIR JOHN ST. CLAIR. May ist, 1755. D'r Sir: I rec'd Y'r Let'r by the Bearer, Mr. Lyon. I have p'd him his Wages to y's Day. Our People do not incline to be at any more Expence than w't was establish'd at Alex' a, therefore, I must recommend Mr. Lyon to Y'r Fav'r. Colo. Hunter gives me Acc't of Sundry Necessaries Supplied You, w'ch I shall pay him. Your Relation does not yet appear, w'n he does I shall take the necessary Care of him. I am sorry You had hurt Y'r Hand, but hope You have recovered it and that You are in perfect Health. Captain Dobbs, Son to Gov'r Dobbs, joins the Army with a Company from No. Carolina, I recomend him to Y'r Fr'dship. The Season of the Year is far advanced, I shall be glad to hear of Y'r March over the Alle gany Mount's and sincerely wish a successful Campaign, w'ch, from the Forces, &c., I have no great Doubt of That God may protect You is the Sincere Wish of. Worthy Sir, Y' r affect, humble servant. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL INNES May ist, 1755. Sir : I rec'd Y'r Let'r by Mr. Lyon. I have p'd him his full Pay from the Date of his Com'o., therefore, w't he rec'd from 20 dinwiddie papers. You he must repay. I shall lay before the Assembly Fraser's Petition and Acc't of Loss, but it's of so extraordinary a Na ture y't I cannot speak to it ; c'd not he secure his Money and Wampum of so small Bulk? or is it conceived here y't he ever was possess'd of so great a Value; however, it will be laid before them. Mr. McLean's' Dem'd I know nothing of, and if employ'd by Maj'r Carlyle he must pay him, he being allowed so much ^ Day for a Deputy. The Season of the year is far advanc'd. I wish the Forces were on their March over the Mount's, and sincerely wish success to the Expedit'n. Capt. Dobbs, the Gov'rs Son, comes at the Head of the No. Car. Company. He is a well behaved young Gent'n. I recomend him to Your F'dship. I rem'n with very great Respect and Esteem, Dear James, Y'r affect, humble servant. [P. S.] Inclosed You have Ct. Dem ere' s Note of Hand w'ch I have p'd and charged to Y'r Acc't. GOV. DINWIDDIE'S ADDRESS TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY. Gentleman of the Council, Mr. Speaker and Gent' n of the Ho. of Burgesses: May ist, 1755. By Direct' s from Gr. Britain I now call you together, y't You may consider of such Measures as may be most suitable to the pres't critical Situat' n and Circumstances ofthe British Colo nies in general and of y's Dom'n in particular. B^- a Let'r from S'r T. Robinson, Secr'y of State, w'ch I shall cause to be laid before You, I was directed to provide a sufficient Qu'tv of fresh Provis's for the use of the Troops from Irel'd on their Arrival here. Colo. Jno. Hunter, in pursuance of my Orders and Di rect' s, did supply them, and I hope you will make the necessary Disposit's for his Reimbursement. I have the Pleasure to acq't "Charles McLean was appointed Major of the Second North Carolina Battalion in 1775. dinwiddie papers. 21 You y't H. M'y out of His great Regard for his Subjects on y's Cont't and a proper Resentm't ofthe unjustifiable Invasions and Encroachm'ts of the Fr. on the American Dom'ns, has of His gracious Goodness to us ordered four Regim'ts, consisting each of I, ooo Men, with a large Train of Artillery, for our Aid and Assistance, besides the Reigim'ts now at Nova Scotia, all at the Expence of the Crown of G. Britain. His Ex'cy G'l Braddock, Com' d'r in Chief of His M'y's Forces on y's Cont't; The Hon. Comod. Keppel, Com'd'r of His M'y's Ships of War; the Gov'rs of N. Eng., N. York, Pensylva'a, M'yl'd and myself, met in Council the 14th of last Month, where the Affairs of the Colonies were maturely considered, and a Plan of Operat's for y's Sumer' s Campaign adjusted with so much Judgm' t y't if pro perly supported the Designs of our Enemies will probably be defeated and the Peace and Safety of our Co' try established on the most permanent Foundat's. It was reported that six Fr. Men of War with Transports were arrived at Louisburg. If it be so, y't Reinforcem't added to the Forces and Militia in Canada may prove too numerous for our pres't Force, and, therefore, in Prudence we ought to be provided for all events and with Spirit and Resolut' n raise Men and Money to reinforce and support our pres't Forces. The operat's of y's Year will doubtless be attended with considerable Expence, and with't an adequate Aid from the Colonies, I dread the Consequences. Let me, therefore, entreat You (as it is now in Y'r Power if You properly exert y'rselves to render the Fr. schemes abortive) y't You w'd grant with Promptitude such a sufficient Supply as appears to be necessary at y's critical Juncture, by w'ch means You will in all Likelihood prevent the Occasion of much greater Expences hereafter, w'ch must unavoidably arise from a Neglect at pres't. Many of the other Colonies have shown a good Spirit and a just Regard to H. M'y's Orders at y's Time. The Supplies granted by them I shall cause to be laid before You, and I hope their Conduct will raise in You, Gent'n of the Ho. of Burgesses, a laudable Emulat'n, and y't You will approve Y'r Gratitude for H. M'y's distinguish'd Care by rendering it effectual for His gracious Purposes, Y'r Preservation and Pros perity. Expresses will be necessary from the Camp to W'msb'g. Pensylva'a, and M'yl'd have laid Horses from Winchester to their Colonies. The Gen'l sends his Let's to Winchester and 22 dinwiddie papers. I hope You will provide y't Horses may be held in readiness at proper Stages for Dispatches from thence to y's Place. The Ordinaries are very extravagant ; the Subaltern Officers and Soldiers cannot pay as other transient Travellers, and I hope You will make a suitable Regulat'n in y't Behalf The poor Men who suffered at the Meadows with Colo. Washington I recommend to Y'r favo. as they were disabled in the Service of their Country. I have rec'd an Instruct' n from H. M'y relat' g to an Act of Assembly in regard to Execut' ns and Relief of insolvent Debtors. I am ordered to recomend it to You to pass an Act of the like Nature, with some Amendm'ts, w'ch I now do, and shall cause the Instruct' n to be laid before You. Your last Vote of Supply was very agreeably rec'd at Home and You were accordingly truly recomended for Y'r dutiful Obedience to H. M'y's Commands; continue thus to distinguish Y' selves, the Sons of Britons, and convince the World y't the heroic martial Spirit of y'r Progenitors (famed over the Uni\'erse) still animates their Children in the remotest Regions. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR De LANCEY. May 3d, [1755]. Sir : Agreeable to my Promise I send You by Sloop John, Sam'l Tingle, Com'd'r, eight Chests cont'g 200 Firelocks with Bayo nets, Slings and Cartouch Boxes, and 30 b'l's Gun Powder, w'ch I wish safe to You. As y's Supply is for the two Inde- pend't Companies, I desire You will send me a proper Receipt for them, y't I may apply to the Sec'ry of War to have them replaced, agreeable to General Braddock's Promise. We have nothing new here. I wish Success to the Expedition, and I rem'n, Y'r Hon'r's most obed't humble serv't I send You a Packet I rec'd on my Arrival. dinwiddie papers. 23 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO WILLIAM ALEXANDER," OF NEW YORK. May 3d, [1755-] Sir: Agreeable to my Promise, I send You by Sloop John, Sam'l Tingle, Com'd'r, 500 Small Arms, with Slings, Cartouch Boxes and Bayonets, 10 Drums and 15 Halberts, shipped on the Risque of the Colony of Newjersey; they are the same sort of Arms "William Alexander (the sonof James Alexander, an eminent law yer, secretary of the province of New York, and who, with Franklin and others, founded the American Philosophical Society ; born in Scot land; emigrated to America in 1715, in consequence of the part he had taken in favor of the Pretender; died in New York, April 2, 1756,) was born in New York City in 1726 ; died at Albany, January 15, 1783 ; re ceived the best education the country afforded ; became the partner in business ofhis mother, the widow of David Provost; joined the commissariat of the British Army, and attracting the attention of Gov ernor Shirley, was for three years his aid-de-camp and private secretary. Accompanying Shirley to England in 1755, he was examined before the House of Commons in 1757, and commenced the prosecution of his claim to the earldom of Stirling, in which he was unsuccessful, though he was by courtesy accorded the title in America. After his return to New York, in 1761, he married Sarah, the eldest daughter of Philip Livingston, second proprietor of the Manor of Livingston', and Catherine Van Brugh, and became the partner of his father-in-law in the firm of Alexander & Livingston, merchants ; succeeded his father as surveyor- general of New York and New Jersey, and until the Revolution was a member of the provincial Council. A prominent patriot, he was ap pointed a Colonel in 1775, and Brigadier-General in 1776; in command of "New York when General Lee left for the South, his bravery was con spicuous at the battle of Long Island, August 26, 1776, where he was made prisoner, but was soon exchanged ; Major-General, February, 1777 ; distinguished at Brandywine, and at Germantown, where he commanded the reserve; aided materially in the succe.ss at Monmouth, where he commanded the left wing; commanded at Albany in 1781. He aided in 1754 in founding a library for his native city, and in the founding of King's, now Columbia College. He published "An account of the Comet of June and July, 1773," in the American Pfiilosopfiical Collectio'ns, and " The Conduct of Major-General Shirley, briefly stated." His youngest daughter married Colonel William Duer, whose son, Wil liam A. Duer, published a Life of his grandfather in the Ne'w fersey Historical Society Collections. 24 dinwiddie papers. our forces have, and enclosed is sent a Bill of Lading. The Chests have not been opened and [I] hope they will prove agreeable and good. I enclose you the Cost of them, ^692, 16. 4. in Case they incHne to pay for them in Money, other wise to replace them in one Year. I desire, before delivery, that you have security accordingly, either for the Paym't by Bill of Excha. or to replace them. We have nothing new here; my Sincere Wishes attend the Expedit'n, wish'g them the desir'd Success. I am. Sir, Y'r mo.st humble serv't. I send by the Bearer a Packet to G'r Belcher, w'ch I found here on my Arrival. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR DOBBS. May 5th, 1755. Sir: Your Let'r of the nth Curr't I received. I shall be glad if you can find out a good Channell to help Y'r Navigat'n, w'ch will be of great Service to Y'r Colony. I wrote You the 30th Apr. w'ch [I] hope you rec'd and refer You to it. The Messenger br't me a Letter from Mr. Glen, after detain'g him three Weeks as usual, and truly he might have wrote his Letter the day the Man arrived, for there is nothing essential in it but y't his As sembly was to meet the end of last Mo. , when he thinks they will grant ?o,ooo[_^] their Curr'cy for H. M'y's Service, and on such Principles y't he can give his Consent to it. But in the mean Time desires me to send him 3.ooo[^] St'g to build a Fort among the Cherokees. I formerly sent him 1,000/', and by a Calculat'n he sent to the B'd of Trade, he says the Charge w'd amo. to 2,500^ St'g ; is not their own Colony qualified by their great Riches to answer that Sum ? however, if I had ten Times the Money sent me from Home, I sh'd have great Occa sion for it on the Expedit'n, so y't I think it not \-erv modest in him to desire such a Sum, but surely he is wrong in his Head. I pay Your Messenger 10 Pistoles, w ch, with w't he had of Glen, I conceive he is well satisfied, if not, write me. I have no News from Engl, since my last, or from the Camp, so y't I DINWIDDIE papers. 25 cannot write You any Thing material. Y'r Son left y's last Friday; his Compa. went from Hampton to Alexa'a the Tues day before. I supplied them with Powder and Shott, and w't Cloth' g he may want he will be supplied at Alexa'a, from the Cloth' g I had from Engl. I shall be much obliged if you can send 5 or 600 Beeves to W. Creek the Begin' g or Middle of next Mo., pray send them with careful People, y't they may not be over drove. I depend upon them, and the Forces will want them ; the Price I canot ascertain, but You no doubt will make the best Bargain You can, I had 400 last Year under 3^ ^ Ps's our Curr'cy, and y's Fall they were delivered at the Camp at 2d. f> lb. All Acc'ts from Engl'd agree in the great Preparat's, mak'g, 35 Ships of the Line in Com'o. and more daily expected y't I think we are in earnest, and they say our Ministry insist strongly in hav' g the Treaty of Utrecht properly comply' d with. The Fr. proposed the Lands now in dispute sh'd lie neuter till the Boundaries were ascertained, but y's was rejected with great Indignat'n, mention'g the neuter Islands in the W. Indies, w'ch they have settled contrary to y't Treaty. Y'r Son shall always have my Advice, and I think Co. Hunter gave him loO;^ for the pres't. The enclosed Let's please to forw'd ^ first Opp'ty, but not by Express ; it has cost y's Co' try at least 100 ;i^ in Messages to So. Car., and to no Purpose. I send You my Speech to the Assembly, their Addresses, and my answers. I fear I shall not be able to rouse them to a further Supply, but shall do all in my Power. I heartily wish you Health and Happiness, and am, Y'r Ex's, Most ob'd't humble servant. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR GLEN. May 5th, 1755. Sir : Y'r Let'r of the 15th Apr. I rec'd last Saturday, and am Sorry the Messenger was so long delayed with You, and y't You was obliged to prorogue Y'r Assembly before they granted the 70,000^. If they are so very ready to obey H. M'y's 26 dinwiddie papers. Com'ds and Y'r Council likewise, where can Delay be? es pecially so late w'n I am in hopes Gen'l Braddock is ready to march over the Allegany Mount's, and nothing but Money wanting to support the Expedition. N. Engl' d have now 3, 500 Men in their own Pay, Cloath'd and maint'd by them, Connecti cut, 1,200; Rhode Island, 500; N. York, 800 Men, and they have voted 4,500^ in Money. The Jerseys, 500 Men. Pen sylvania has raised 15,000^, M'yl'd 6,000;^, and it's expected they will double it. This Colony, 30,000;^, and the Money I had from Eng. to be rep'd by us. No. Car., 8,ooO;^, and So. Car. Nothing, tho' I have great Reason to think they are well inclined, if they were not prevented by Disputes. From the above You may easily calculate w't Proportion Y'r 70,000;^, if granted, is to the Supplies of the other Colonies. I shall be glad, before You leave Y'r Gov't, You may obtain the Supply You men'n, and if you leave it before I hear from You again, I wish you a propitious Voyage and Happiness. I wish You had ret'd my Bills of Excha. for we are in great want of Money. The Council heard Y'r Let'r read, and are ofthe same Sentim'ts as before, and the Let'r You wrote to the Board of Trade, when You say 2,500 or 3,000;^ w'd build the Fort, we were surpriz'd w'n Y'r former Calculat'n to me was above D'ble the above Sum. The Sec'ry of State's Let'r to me was observed by the Council, y't I was to assist You tb make Presents, and as the Cherokees have granted You a Qu'ty of Land and propos'd maintain' g Y'r Garrison for two Years, and to assist You in build' g the Fort, we are surpriz'd it has not been done before this, w'n we consider Y'r Speech mentioning the Oppulency and Riches of Y'r Colony. Gen'l Braddock and the Ingineers saw Y'r former Letter; they were surprized at Y'r Estimate of Charges, and I cannot now help agree' g with them, w'n I read Y'r Letter to the B'd of Trade in July, 1750. I never sent any Messenger to the Cherokees of the Name of Oliver, or know any Person of y't Name, or have I sent any Messenger to them since last Sumer, so Y'r Informat'n is wrong, tho' I am sorry for the Misfortune, and if they were Mawliavvks, I fear it may widen the Breach between the No' ern and So'ern Ind's. I did expect some of the Catawbas to meet some of the No' ern Ind's at Winchester to make a confirmed Peace. The Message was sent from the Camp by one Gist. I hope You will use Y'r best DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 27 endeavours to reconcile Y's Affair, and I was in hopes some Cherokees and Catawbas w'd have been on Y'r March to the Ohio before y's. I was obliged to call our Assembly the ist of y's Mo. to endeavour to get further Supplies, but the backward ness of some of our neighbour' g Colonies prevails so much among them y't I much fear of having success. I looked over Y'r Let'r of Mar., &c., but the Letter You write ab't, I cannot procure You. I rem'n, with kind Respects, Y'r Ex's most h'ble serv't. P. S. — It's ill Timed, I think, to Send for the Catawbas to You, w'n they sh'd have been on their March to the Ohio. GOV. DINWIDDIE TO WM. WRAGG, ESQ'R, SOUTH CAROLINA. May 5th, [1755]. D'r Sir: Y'r kind Let'r ofthe 28th Jan'ry I did not receive till the 13th Apr., w'n I was at Alexa'a attend'g Gen'l Braddock, and assist' g him with my Advice on the pres't expedit'n. Y'r Let's is full of high unmerritted Complim'ts. Ifl did not know Y'r Politeness and sincere Regard for me, I sh'd have esteem'd the high Character You are pleased to give me as a Panegyrick, but I think myself highly favour'd to be so much in Y'r good graces, and the small CiviHties I show'd You here were far short of w't was due to Y'r good Sense and genteel Deportm't. I have a long Let'r from Gov'r Glen, of the 15th Apr., tho' not an answer to w't I troubled You with a Sight of here. After detain'g the Express three Weeks, he Says he hoped to have the Pleasure of acquaint' g me y't the Assembly had given 70,000;^ for the Defence of No. America in such a Manner y't he c'd warrantably give his Assent to, but was obliged to pro rogue them for a Fortnight This trifling Method is unaccount able, especially w'n the Gen'l is on his March over the Mount's. The Money I had is mostly expend' d, y't I am obliged to call our Assembly to endeavour to procure a further Supply, but I dread Success, as some of our neighbour' g Colonies are so 28 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. backw'd in giv'g us their Assistance. Mr. Glen's Method of Writ'g is happily peculiar to himself, his Criticisms inconsist' t with Truth and really of an unusual dictatorial Style y't I cannot answer his Let's [but] with Reluctance. Some Time since he sent me a Calculat'n for building a Fort in the Upper Cherokee County, amo'g to near 'j,ooo£ St'g, and desired I w'd assist him with 6 or _;^7,ooo in Bills. Hav'g Orders from Home to consult with him and assist him with Money to give Pres'ts to the. Cherokees to obtain their Consent for building a Fort, by Advice ofthe Council, I sent him ;^i,ooo St'g. He now desires ^3,000 more, but he unguardedly sent me a Report from the B'd of Trade to S'r T. Robinson, dated the 20th June, 1754, in w'ch they mention Mr. Glen's Let'r to them of the 15th July, 1750, wherein he says the building of the Fort will cost ^2,500, or at most ^3,000, but if any Part of y't Sum is saved, it sh'd be strictly acc't'd for. For the same fort, he to me [says], it will Cost near ^^7,000 St'g. Y's loose way of acting I am a Stranger to. I have answer' d his Letter by y's Opp'ty, w'ch I hope he will have read in Council. He often, in his Let's, give me As surances of Y'r Assembly's grant' g us Money, but only Words. I rec'd them with great Expences of Expresses with't any Aid whatever. The Bill for rais'g 40,oc)o_^ I think very eligible. I do not know his Instruct' s in regard to emitting Paper Curr'cy, but am persuaded the Pres't Emergency of Affairs w'd have been a Sufficient Justifical'n, if he had given his Assent to that Bill. How he comes to be so backw'd, nay, I may say, pre venting the People's grant g Aid at y's Time I know not, but think he must appear in a bad Light at Home, and am con vinced if he had proper Inclinat's to assist the Expedit'n after H. M'y's express Orders, his Instruct's sh'd not have prevented it, and surely he must be ashamed w'n the other tvvo Branches of the Legislature give their Assent to it, and we are greatly obliged to them, and to You in particular, for your kind Wishes and good Offices at y's Time. I have made Y'r Conrpl'm'ts to the Gent' n of Your Acquaint' ce, who were all much pleased to hear of Y'r Health. I retain a just Regard and due Esteem for Your Merit, and entreat to be placed among the No. of Y'r Friends. My Wife and two Girls join me in sincere Respects, and be assured I am at all Times, Sir, Y'r most obed't humble serv't. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 29 GOV. DINWIDDIE TO BENJAMIN SMITH," JNO. RATHAY, JNO. SAVAGE, ESQ'RS, OF SOUTH CAROLINA. May 5th, [1755.] Gent'n: Y'r Let'r of the 19th Feb'ry, covering the Gov'r's Message to You, Y'r Answer, and the Bill proposed for raising ;^40,ooo for the Defence of H. M'y's Colonies, I duly rec'd, w'ch I think fully justifies the Inclinat'n and Readiness of Y'r Ho. in grant' g Aid to Y'r neighbouring Colonies at y's perilous Time and on so great emergency. I canot pretend to know Y'r Gov'rs Instruct's y't prevented his giving his Assent to it, as indeed it appears to me a very eligible way of raising Money, and more so as it has been the usual Method. The want of our neighbouring Colonies' Assistance is like to be of vast prejudice to the Expedit'n and has obhged me to call our Assembly for further Supphes w'ch are greatly wanted, as I hope Gen'l Braddock by y's Time is on his March over the Allegany Mount's. I fear our Assembly will be backw'd in grant' g further Aid, from the Neglect of our Neighbours. Instruct's from the Crown may be suspended w'n the Sec'y of State so strongly urges to all the Gov'rs, a mutual Supply, and on emergent Occasions, I dare say the Gov'rs w'd be justified in so doing. I thank You Gent, for Y'r Let'r, Message, &c., w'ch I had read before our Council, who join with me in think ing You are not blameable in our not having Supplies from Y'r Colony. I rem'n with kind Respects, \ Gent., Y'r very humble servant. " Benjamin Smith was Speaker of the South Carolina Assembly, 1755-62. It may be presumed that John Rathay and John Savage were associated with him as a Committee from that body. 30 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE'S ADDRESS TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY. Gent, of the C\_ouncil,'\ Mr. Speaker, and Gent, of the Ho. of Burgesses : I am so intimately acquainted with Y'r impending Dan ger and so earnestly desirous that it may be averted y't I cannot conclude witho't exhort' g You to consider with the most se rious Attent'n the great and import' t Affairs w'ch I have now laid before You and the absolute Necessity there is at pres't of the most vigorous and effectual Resolutions for the Preservat'n of Y'r Lives, Y'r Liberties, Your Properties, Y'r Religion, all y't is held dear and sacred among Mankind. THE ADDRESS OF THE COUNCIL TO GOV. DINWIDDIE. The Hwmble Address of the Council . May 5th, 1755. Sir : We, H. M'y's loyal and faithful Subjects, the Council of Virg' a, now met in General Assembly, beg Leave to return Y'r Honor, our sincere Thanks for Y'r affectionate Speech at the Open'g of y's Session, and from a just Sense of the inestimable Blessings of H. M'y's Reign, and the many repeated marks of His Goodness, to assure Y'r Honor of our Zeal upon all Occa sions, to give the strongest and most substantial Evidence of our Duty and Gratitude to H. M'y for every Instance of his paternal Regard. The Forces w'ch H. M'y has been graciously pleased to send over to our Assistance, is a fresh Instance of His royal Care; and from the Plan of Operat's y't has been wisely concerted, and the known Bravery and Experience of the Gent'n who is appointed to Comand, we may reasonably hope to see the Peace of America settled upon Foundat'n y't will not be shaken for ages yet to come. To drive the Fr. from our Borders, to maintain the just rights of the Crown, and to re-estabhsh the Tranquility of the British Empire in No. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 31 America, are Views y't must warm the Patriot's Breast. With these Views, Sir, You have been animated, upon these Motives You have acted with y't Ardor, Zeal, and Vigilance as cannot fail of reflecting the most last'g Honor upon Y'r Name and Character. The Great and important Business of the Ohio, we have always considered in a national Light, not as Virginians, but as Britons; and w't will not a Briton surmount, w't Dan gers will he not encounter when he is engaged in the glorious Cause of His King and Country ? As those. Sir, are our Senti ments, we hope Y'r Hon'r will be perswaded of our ready and chearful Concurrence, and of our hearty Endeavours to do every Thing on our Part to promote H. M'y's Service, the Prosperity of y's Colony and the Welfare of America. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE'S REPLY TO THE COUNCIL. Gent'n of the Council : I most heartily thank You for Y'r kind and affectionate Address, for your just Observat' n of H. M'y's Goodness to Us and Y'r Zeal in the Discharge of Y'r Duty to him, w'ch I have always found most Sincere. You may be assured it gives me great Satisfact'n and Pleasure y't my Conduct meets with so much Approbat'n from You, and for Y'r ready Concurrence and Assistance to me in the Discharge of my Duty, I Desire to re turn You my thanks. Your considering the Expedition to the Ohio in so general a View, and Y'r Determinat'n to act as Britons, I doubt not will have its proper effect in restoring Peace and supporting H. M'y's undoubted Rights to his Lands on y's Continent. ADDRESS OF THE HOUSE OF BURGESSES TO GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE. Sir: We, H. M'y's most dutiful and loyal Subjects, the Bur gesses of Virg' a, now met in Gen'l Assembly, return Y'r Hon'r our sincere Thanks for Y'r Speech at the Opening of y's Ses- 32 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. sion. The many Instances we have rec'd of H. M'y's paternal and tender Concern for the Protect' n and Happiness of y's Colony do justly dem'd from us the strongest Testimonies of the most inviolable Fidelity to his sacred Person and Gov'r, and it would argue the highest Ingratitude if we did not acknowledge ourselves truly affected with the Benefits w'ch must arise to us by his royal Care and Munificence in sending to our Assistance at the Expence of the Crown of G't Britain a Body of regular Forces with a large Train of Artillery, under the Com'd of an able Experienc'd Gen'l. We beg leave to assure Y'r Honor y't we will take the import' t Matters recomended to us under our most serious Considerat' n and H. M'y's Int't and the public Good of our Country, w'ch are inseparably united, shall govern us in all our Resolut' s. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE'S REPLY TO THE BURGESSES. Mr. Speaker and Gent ' n of the Ho. of Burgesses : I return You sincere Thanks for Y'r Address. I am much Pleased at Y'r grateful Acknowledgm' ts of H. ^I'y's paternal Concern for the Protect' n and Happiness of y's Colony. It lies with You, Gent'n, to facilitate the Success and compleat the Happiness we have in View, by your Aid and Supply to the Forces sent by H. M'y. I flatter myself You will, accordingly, take y't and the other Matters recomended to You in my Speech, into Y'r serious Consideration, and y't with all due Dispatch. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO EARL GRANVILLE. My Lord: I have been upwards of a Mo. from Home atend'g Gen'l Braddock to our back country and in assist'g him with my Advice. The Forces are all in Health and in great Spirits. He formed a Plan of Operat's for ys Summer's Campaign ; he DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 38 proceeds with upwards of 3,000 Men to the Ohio, to attack the Fort the Fr. took from us last Sumer on y't River. The two Regim'ts of Gov'r Shirley's and S'r Wm. Pepperell's are ordered to attack the Fort at Niagara, and if the Gen'l suc ceeds on the Ohio he intends up y't River to attack the Fr. Forts at River of Beuf and Lake Erie, and probably may join the two above Regim'ts at Niagara. And it was further con certed y't 5,000 Men raised in the Northern Colonies under the Com'd of Colo. Johnston sh'd attack Crown Point and likely all the other Forces as above may be ready the latter end of the Sumer to reinforce Colo. Johnston. I think these Disposi tions (with the Blessing of God) will defeat the unjust Invasions and Designs of the Fr. ag'st His M'y's Lands, and I am in Hopes the Gen'l is now on his March over the Allegany Mount's and I sincerely wish Success to our just Expedition. On my ret'n hither I rec'd a Let'r from Mr. Corbin, with the two en closed for Y'r L'dship; he sent me ;^550 y's Money, for w'ch I enclose You my Bill of Excha. on Mr. Hanbury fjr ^500 St'r which, with the Excha. of 30 ^ Ct. , amo'ts to the above Sum. The Death of L'd Albemarle gave me a very great Con cern, and I presume H. M'y will soon appoint another to suc ceed him in y's Gov't. I have Acc't from Eng. y't the Gov'r so appointed will reside here; if so, I shall very chearfully sub mit. The Salary of 2,000^ ^ Ann., is p'd here, and not from the Treasury at Home, and as I have been at an extraordinary Expence for y's last 18 Mo's, I hope y't it will not be tho't unreasonable to give me the full Salary from the Death of L'd Albemarle till His M'y thinks proper to appoint another Gover nor. Y's will in some measure ease me of the very great Expence I have been at, and as the Salary is paid out of the Funds of y's Dom'n, I hope the allowance I pray will not be objected to. I therefore b'bly beg Y'r L'dship' s Int't in y's Affair. I did agree with L'd Albemarle, and gave more annually y'n the Gov't will properly admit of, and indeed, if I had known the Place as well as I now do, I sh'd have declined coming; how ever, I am all Submission to the Pleasure of H. M'y. The Fatigue, Trouble and Anxiety I have had for these two Years, I cannot well describe, but I was acting in my Duty, and I hope w't I have done will meet with Approbat'n at Home. I cannot finish with't acknowledging my great Obligat's to Y'r L'd's for 34 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. Y'r Patronage and repeated favours to me, and I beg to assure You of my retain'g a just Remembrance of them, and y't I remain with great Deference and due Respects, R't Hon., Y'r L'd's, Much obliged and most ob'd't humble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GENERAL BRADDOCK. May 9th, 1755. Sir: I just now rec'd Y'r Let'r of the 4th. The Let. from Mr. Glen, of So. Car., I sent You by Capt. Lyon. I am sorry the Comissary of Stores sh'd have Occasion to call on You for [;^]3 Ol" 4.000. I have advanced upwards of [^]4,ooo to the Comissaries to buy Provisions, &c. , at W. Creek, and am sorry to acqu't You y't our Assembly will not pay any Money for the Subsistence of any Troops but those on our Establishm't. Be fore Y'r Exc'y arrived I had occasion to call on them for the Subsistence of the three Ind't Compa's, w'ch they positively refused, and if I had not rec'd Money from Engl'd, I know not w't I sh'd have done. If there was a mutual Supply from all the Colonies from that Fund, a Subsist' ce w' d have been proper. But the Backwardness of some and the refusal of others gives me very up hill Work with my Assembly, and I still doubt if they can be bro't to grant any further Supplies, but shall struggle w't I can to perswade them. The Bearer, Mr. Dick, has been detain' d above a Fortnight to settle his Acc'ts, and at last they will allow only ^ of the Cha[rge]s, the other -'.4 ths they say must be p'd by the Crown; y's is a narrow wav of act'g, but as I have, in my Speech to them press' d for a further Supply, I do not care to break with them till I see w't they will do, but one thing is certain. That they will not pay for the Subsist' ce of the Regulars; I think the Establishm't of their few Men is as much as they can pay. I hope the Deputy Pay Master bro' t a good Supply of Money. The forement'd Discounts with Mr. Dick and the Supplies of Provis's, &c., p'd for by me amo't to up wards of 1,700/ St'r. Cap't Steuart had 325[/] from me, w'ch I tho't sufficient to purchase his Horses, if not, he sh'd DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 35 have sent an Acc't of their Cost. However, I shall pay the [;^]ioo You advanc'd him w'n You please. I applied to the Assembly for lay of Horses at proper Stages from Winch'r, w'ch will soon be done. The Advertisements You desir'd are included in the enclos'd News Paper. I hope Ybu have [a] confirmed State of Good Health, w'ch I sincerely wish may long continue, and y't You may have a successful Campaign is the Sincere Desire of Y'r Ex'cy's most ob'd't humble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL INNES. May loth, 1755. Sir: Y'rs of the 3d Curr't by Jenkins I rec'd. I now send You 1 20;^. The Money You p'd Mr. Lyon, he will return You as I have p'd him all his Wages. As to Ewe's Charge, I have with Y'r other Acc't laid them before the Committee, but they are so narrow y't I fear they will not pay them, and Cash with me is now quite exhausted. I have spoke several Times ab't Mon tour's piece of Land, and I hope Lord Fairfax will give it [to] him. As to Trent's and any other Demands, I cannot Pay, as I have not Cash. I am sorry You have always been kept so scarce of Money, w'ch I c'd not help. I have applied to the Committee for Your Pay, and shall be glad if I can succeed, and think You ought to charge No. Car. for Pay, and I shall en deavour to make it up to You. I p'd Maj'r Carlyle for y't Draught on Colo. Hunter, [/]7i, 17. 7. My Affairs have been so perplex'd y't it has not been in my Power to supply You with the small Necessaries You write for, and You know the Difficulty of forwarding them from y's [place]. To hire a Ves sel, You know, will be monstriously expensive. I never have gone throw so much Fatigue in my Life. Our Assembly [is] now siting and seem very backward in giving any further Sup plies, w'ch vexes me. My Service to all Friends. My Wife and Girls join me in kind Respects, and I am. Sir, Y'r very humble serv't. [P. S]. — Montour's Son is very well. 36 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GENERAL BRADDOCK. May loth, 1755. Sir: Late last Night I rec'd the enclos'd Let'r and a Packet in Crown Paper, w'ch I send by the Express. I believe they have been some Time in the Co' try, and I fear the Capt. kept them up. I hope they contain nothing but w't is agreeable to you. I p'd R't Calendar ;^i,036, 12. 6. for 100 Horses. These Calls reduce my Money gready, w'ch I desire You will consider, and it's uncertain whether our Assembly will grant any further Sup plies. I am, with very sincere Respects, Y'r Ex's, Most ob'd't humble serv't. P. S. This day I send in a Sloop for Fredericksb' g, 16 Chests contain' g 400 Small Arms, and I desir'd Mr. Dick to forw'd them to W. Creek and I have sent 700 for N. York and the Jerseys. I hope You will write to the Sec'ry of War to have them replaced. I also send 4 Small Boxes, contain' g 8 p's Pistols, 8 Cutlasses, 8 lac'd Hats, 3 Pss. Calicoe, and 12 Pss. Ribbon to compleat the Present for the Ind's — one Hat and one Pistol is a Pres't for an Ind'n Prince. I wish them all safe to You. ' Yrs, R. D. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GENERAL BRADDOCK. May i6th, 1755. Sir: Y'r Let'r of the 9th I rec'd with a Let'r from Gov'r De Lancey. I am sorry y' t Gent, did not ment' n the want of Arms w'n he was at Alexa'a, however, to show my sincere Inchnat'n to promote the Plan of Operat's so well concerted, I have sent to hire a Sloop, and shall send him 600 Stand of Arms w'th their necessary Accoutrem'ts, w'ch are all the arms I have, and I shall leave our Magazine quite destitute of Arms. If it was not to support the Scheme those Forces are raised for, I w'd DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 37 not have sent these Arms. I wish Y'r Ex'cy much Health and a successful Campaign, and I rem'n with great Esteem and Regard, Worthy Sir, Y'r most ob'd't humble serv't. P. S. — I send You a Packet y't came to my Hand two Days ago. If You want to write to Engl'd, we have several Vessells y't will sail in a Fortnight. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO CAPTAIN ORME, AID DE CAMP TO GENERAL BRADDOCK. May 1 6th. Sir: Y'r Kind favo. of the 9th I rec'd Yesterday. I did not know y't S'r Pet'r Halket had lent any of our Comp's any Tents ; they had 60 new Tents from Eng., and the same No. made here, w'ch were d — d to them at Alexa'a and Winchester. Be so kind [as] to send for Buckner, our Q'r M'r, and Capt. Stephen, and enquire ofthem the No. of Tents they have. The above is a full Allowance for our Forces. If any Deficiency, pray order them to supply accordingly. It w'd be above a Mo. e' er I c' d get the No. made here, and then the Inconveniency of conveying them, as all the Waggons are employ'd. You may be assur'd y't as soon as the Cloths, Tents and Arms arrive they shall be imediately forwarded to You, as by the Gen' I's desire I have disposed of all the Arms in our Magazine. If the Arms expected are not wanted with You, will it be eligible to have them put in our Magazine? Last Week I sent 400 to Fredericksb' g by the Gen' I's Orders, 500 to N. Jersey, 200 to the Independ'ts at N. York, and 600 to be sent imediately to Gov'r De Lancey. I am [«V.] y'r Stay at W. Creek, will be a Fortnight, as the Season of the Year advances fast. I hear y't Provis's at F't Cumberl'd begin to be scarce; surely if Pensyl'a'a has performed their Promise, Flour cannot be want'g, and if salt Provis's are want'g. You know there is a good Qu'ty at Alexa'a, w'ch can be sent if Waggons can be had. My httle Family join me in kind Respects to You and Mr. Shirley, sin- 38 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. cerely wishing You Health and all other Felicity. I am always, with due Respect, D'r S'r, Y'r affect h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR DeLANCEY. May 19th, 1755. Sir: Y'r Let'r of the ist May was sent me by Gen'l Braddock, and it came to my Hands two Days ago. You therein desire 800 Stand of Arms for the use of the Forces to be rais'd in Your Province. I had imported for the Country's use a little before I rec'd Y'r Let'r, from Londo., 30 Chests contain' g 600 Stand of Arms and their proper Accoutrem'ts, Amo'g to, by Mr. J. H.'s Acc't Lit 2,, 12. 2. w'ch I now send You. I am to desire You will either send me a Bill of Excha. for s'd Amo. or en gage to replace the same No. of Arms, &c., of the same Good ness, in one Year from this Date. The regard I have for the Expedit'n these People are intended for, prevailed with me to send these Arms w' ch I am perswaded You will find very good. They do not belong to the King, but to y's Dom'n, and pur chas'd with their own Money. I sent you the 3 of May, 200 Arms, &c., agreeable to w't I promised at Alexa'a, and 30 bis. Gun Powder. I sent at the same Time 500 Arms to N. Jersey, 400 last Week to G. Braddock, w' ch with the 600 now sent You leaves our Magazine quite bare, y't I c'd not possibly send 200 more to compleat the No. You desired. I therefore doubt not You will replace them as above, or send me a Bill to make good the Purchase. I c'd not procure a Vessell to carry them, under 30 Pistoles, and the M'r expects to pay no Port Cha's', w'ch I desire You will give Direct' s accordingly. I sincerely wish Success to the different Operat's concerted at Alexa'a, and I am always ready to the utmost of my Power to promote the same. I rem'n with sincere Regard and Respect, Y'r Hon'r's, Most ob'd't humble serv't. P. S. Inclosed You have Bill of Loading for the Arms, &c. dinwiddie PAPERS. 39 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO OLIVER DeLANCEY,'' ESQ'R. May 19th, [1755.] Sir: Y'r Let. ofthe 27th, Apr. I duly rec'd with Bill for 1218 Pis toles on Colo. Jno. Hunter, w'ch, I doubt not, he will pay, but at pres't he is gone to the No' w'd to transact some Affairs of Con sequence. I observe You charge ifz, ^ Ct on negotiat'g the Bills, w'ch is J^ ^ Ct iri ore than I ever p'd at Phila' a, where I have had a good many negotiated; however, if it is the usual Com'o at Y'r Place, I must submit, and thank You for Y'r Quick Remittance, and am, with great Respect, Sir, Y'r most h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO WILLIAM ALEXANDER. May 19th, [1755.] Sir: The above is Copy of my last to You with the Arms, &c. , for the Colony of N. Jersey, w'ch, I hope came safe to Y'r hands, and only to desire You will comply with the Direct' s I gave You in the above Let'r, and I am, with great Respect, Sir, Y'r most h'ble serv't. '^Oliver DeLancey, (brother of James, Lieutenant-Governor of New York), was born in New York city in 1717; died at Beverley, England, October 27, 1785. He was for many years a member of the Council. As Colonel of a New York regiment under Abercrombie, his gallantry won for him the thanks ofthe Assembly. At the commencement ofthe Revolution, he organized and equipped, chiefly at his own expense, a corps of three battalions, bearing his name. Appointed in 1776 a Briga dier-General in the royal service, he was the senior loyalist officer in America. On the evacuation of New York, in 1783, he went to Europe. His daughter Susannah married Sir William Draper. 40 dinwiddie papers. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GENERAL BRADDOCK. May 23d, 1755. Sir : I am sorry Mr. Dick sh'd endeavour to make annimosities and Heats by his unguarded Expressions and Observat' s w't passed between him and the Comittee. I know not, but I un derstood they have p'd the Acc't but w't was due on Supplies at the Camp. He c' d not tell, nor did his colleague, Mr. Walker, send down his Acc't. The Comittee were averse to his Contract with Hite for Beeves for the follow' g Reasons : That the Beeves were to be weigh' d and the fifth q'r to be p'd for equal to the other q' rs ; y' s was introduc' g a Custom with a Loss of 20 ^ C t to the Purchaser. I bo' t many Beeves d — d at Ft. Cumberl' d both last Fall and y's Spring under three Pounds ^ Head, and y't's the proper and usual Method of Purchas'g them. The Comittee has not Money to Supply Mr. Dick, or w'd they advance Money on y's Agreem' t, because it w'd be lending Money to defraud the Country of 20 ^ Ct and a means to introduce a Precedent y't undoubtedly will be of great di.sservice, as every Drover will expect the same Price. I w'd, therefore, give my Opinion ag'st it. If the Contractors furnish t,ooo Beeves they will gain 20 'p Ct or near 1,000 lb more than usual, or y't other People w'd furnish them at, and it's looked on as a Jobb to cheat the Public. I expect Gov'r Dobbs will send in 5 or 600 Beeves next Month, and several other People will be with you with Cattle, v't I hope there will be no great want. Mr. Calender, who furnished the Horses, told me he w'd furnish any Qu'tv at the Fort for 15s. ^ Hund'd for the four q'rs, and throw in the fifth q'r with't any Charge for it, and several others proposed driving in Cattle with't demand' g Any Advance but to be p'd on delivery. These are the Reasons they objected to the Agreem't made by Mr. Dick. I sh' d be sorry the Expedit' n sh' d suffer for Trifles, at [the] same Time I hate all Jobbs. As there are large quantities of Salt Provis's provided I cannot see the IMarch of Y'r Forces will be delay'd for Want of Provis's, and I doubt notof Y'r hav'g a sufficient Supply of Beeves in a proper Time. I mean the Middle or End of next Month. It has been strongly recom mended to H. M'y the Backwardness of the People in these Colonies in giving proper Supplies, for w'ch I am sorry, and dinwiddie papers. 41 nothing has been want'g in me to prevail on our Assembly to think better, at [the] same Time, tho' their Supplies have been Trifling considering the great Expence of the Expedit'n, yet it is more than all the Supplies from the neighbour' g Colonies. The Supply of Provis's since Y'r Arrival am'ts to more than ^8,000. I cannot help myself from being deceived by them. I cannot oblige them to their Duty. I am sorry for the Defi ciency of Waggons. I expected You would have collected the whole in the upper Counties, and I tho't S'r J. St. Clair had engaged them all, but I am glad Mr. Franklin's'" good offices have gained You a No. of Waggons. The Integrity of the People I cannot answer for. The Magistrates have all the Au thority I c'd invest them with. I wish it was in my Power to infuse a proper Spirit in them to act consist' t with the Au thority they have. I am as great a stranger to the People in the upper Counties as You are, and the Magistrates were appointed by me from strong and proper Recomendat's. I wish I c'd bring all the People to a more proper Method of think' g for H. M'y's Service and their own Preservat'n. I c'd not get money for Bills here; the little y't was got was for the Paymaster and purchas'd by Mr. Hunter. The Money sent me is greatly expended and very little left and y't only in Credit, y't I cannot Purchase for Bills but hope next Mo. to have some. Mr. Washington brings up [;^]4,ooo St'r., part thereof I am oblig'd to Lend, y't he may not be delay'd. I can answer to my God and H. M'y y't every Thing in my Power has been done to promote the Expedit'n under the many Dis- appointm'ts, and the Backwardness of our Assembly. Y'r Postscript in regard to the Mihtia being raised to March into F't Cumberland after You have begun Y'r March shall be duly consider'd, and as there is no Law to y't effect I- shall lay y't ''Benjamin Franklin, then Deputy Postmaster-General of the Colo nies, who had at the instance of Governor Shirley accompanied him to the military convention held at Alexandria, Va. He visited General Braddock (whose favor he enjoyed) at Frederictown, and was specially active in promoting the expedition. His advertisement, dated from "Lancaster, April 26, 1755," for one hundred and fifty wagons with four horses each and driver, at a per diem of fifteen shillings, and fifteen hundred saddle or pack-horses, at two shillings, is given in Pennsyl vania Arcfiives, ii., pp. 294-5. 42 dinwiddie papers. part of Y'r Let'r before the Ho. of Burgesses, and [I] doubt not some proper Expedient will be entered on for so necessary a Duty. I desire to inform You y't the Fort is in M'yl'd; how ever, I think both Colonies sh'd join, and I wish You had men tion'd the No. of Men proper for y't service. I sincerely wish You an agreeable March over the Allegany Mount's, a Success ful Campaign, and Health, and be assured, I am, with great Respect, Y'r Ex's, Most humble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL INNES. May 23d, 1755. Sir: I rec'd Y'r Let'r of the 25th. Mr. Frasier' s Memorial was properly d[elivere]d into the Ho. of Burgesses but I fear they will not allow him anything. They are angry y't he sh'd have accepted a Com'o. and not to act in his Duty as an Officer. I cannot help the poor Man. As to Mr. McClure, I can say nothing to it; but I believe Mr. Carlyle was allowed 2s. 6. '^ Day for a Dep'ty, and if he appointed him he ought to Dem'd y't Money of him, as probably he now charges it in his Acc't. As to Mr. Gray, I am perswaded our People will not pay him, as they are shagreen' d with the great Expence since Nov' r last, w'ch amo'ts to no less than [^] 16,000. Youare strongly re comended to the Comittee, and I hope they will allow you something handsome. I have no Money, hav'g advanc'd a great deal of my own for the Country, w'ch as yet I cannot receive. I sent You [;^]i20 by Jenkins, w'ch I hope will be sufficient for the pres't. I thank You for the Copy of the Speech, &c. Mr. Montour's Salary from y's Colonv will rem'n for some Time longer. What You mean, v't a few Days will give You rest from Y'r Fatigue, I know not, unless You intend to leave the Army. Whatever You determine, be assured my good Wishes always attend You, and I am. Dear James, Y'r affect, h'ble serv't. P. S. You will do right in giving the Remainder of the Ind'n Pres't to the Gen'l. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 43 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GENERAL' BRADDOCK. June 2d, 1755. Sir: Inclos' d I send You two Let' rs from Gov' r Belcher, w' ch came to my Hands last Thursday, as also a Packet from Gov'r Glen, of So. Car., w'ch I rec'd last Night. You'l please observe the Direct' ns by w'ch I open'd it and found covered Bills of Excha. for [^]4,ooo St'r., payable to You. Mr. Glen, in his Letter to me, does not mention these Bills, but as they are drawn, they cannot be turned into Money with't Y'r endorsing each Bill. If You will, therefore, please to put Y'r Name on the back of each and return them, I will do my endeavour to sell them to be at Y'r Com'd. Our Assembly still remains sit'g, and I have ap plied for Money to qualifie me to raise Men to be in fort Cum berl'd after Y'r March, w'ch I expect they will comply with, and I shall imediately put it in Execut' n. I have and shall again write to the County Lieut's to have their Militia in readi ness in the Mo. of July, if You sh'd have occasion for them. The Horses to be laid on the Road to Winchester I have given direct' s about, and will be very soon fixed at proper Stages. We have had no Ships from Engl'd for a long Time, so y't we are barren of News, but the Comodore thinks there will be a King's Ship very soon, and any Let's for You or any other of the Officers shall be imediately sent up. I sincerely wish You Health and y't You may have a happy Campaign, with hon'r to Y'r Self and the Forces under Y'r Com'd, and I beg to assure You y't I am, in great Truth, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't humble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR MORRIS. June 2d, 1775.^ Sir : Y'r favo. of the 2d Ult'o I rec'd, and am glad Mr. Shirley and Y'r Self had the success in the Jerseys of hav'g their Forces employ'd ag'st Niagara, as S'r Wm. Pepperell's Regim't was not compleated, and as y't is an essential piece of service, and am heartily glad Colo. Schuyler takes the Com'd of them. The 44 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. Arms I promised them were safely dehver'd the 19th last Mo. I have supplied the Gen'l with 400 and N. York with 800, so y't I have left few in our Magazine, but as I have the Expedit'n so sincerely at Heart, I was glad y't I had those Arms to sup ply them, not doubt' g they will be duly replaced. Our Assem bly, now sitting, I hope they will give a Vote for ;^ig,ooo. I w'd fain have had it ^20,000, but I am affraid they will not come into it from the Backwardness of our neighbouring Colonies. The Gen'l wants Men to take Care of F't Cumb'l'd after he marches over the Allegany Mount's. Pray cannot you supply 50 or 60 Men ? I shall send all I can. I find the want of Pas ture and some Money has detain' d them so long at Fort Cumb'l'd. Colo. Washington carried from y's last Friday 4,000 £ St' r. , so y' t I hope he will begin his March soon. I sincerely wish him success. The Comodore is very well and now at Hampton, but I expect him here next Week. No ships from Engl., w'ch makes me uneasy to know whether War is declared or not. I wish You Health and Happiness, and am sincerely, S'r, Y'r most ob'd't humble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR BELCHER. June 2d, [1755]. Sir : Y'r favo. of the 4th of May I rec'd, and by a Let'r of the 19th from Mr. Livingston he writes me the Arms, &c., I sent for the use of Y'r Forces were arrived. It gave me Pleasure I had it in my Power to supply You, as I have the Expedit'n greatly at heart. Our Rec'r Gen'l by Ad\ice of the Council has wrote to Messrs. J. & C. H., Merch' ts in London, to pur chase the same Number of Arms, &c., supplied You. I have therefore desired Messrs. Alexander & Livingston to remit those Gent'n the Amo. of the above Arms, &c., w'ch I presume will be agreeable to Y'r Legislature. I hope before y's Gen'l Brad dock is on his March over the Allegany Mount's, and I sin cerely wish Success may attend him. Wishing You Health, I rem'n with much Respect, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't h'ble serv't. dinwiddie papers. 45 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO MESSRS. ALEXANDER & LIVINGSTON," IN NEW YORK. June 2d, [1755]. Gent'n : I rec'd Mr. Alexander's Let. of the loth of May and one from Mr. Livingston the 19th of y't Mo., by w'ch I observe y't the Small Arms, &c., I sent for the use of the Forces raised in New Jerseys were safe arrived and d'd to one of their Comit tee. You desire to know how the Amo. of these Arms, &c. , sh'd be p'd. I laid Y'r Let's before the Council and their Opinion I here enclose you. Conformable thereto I desire You to remit the Amo. to Messrs. J. & C. H'ys, Merch' ts in Londo. I sincerely wish Success may attend our several Schemes ag'st our invad'g enemies, and I rem'n with great Respect, Gent., Y'r very humble servant. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR DeLANCEY. June 2nd, 1755. Sir: Y'r Let'r of the i8th May came to my Hands two Days ago, and I hope the 600 Small Arms, &c., came safe to You. Our Rec'r Gen'l, by Advice ofthe Council, has wrote to Messrs. J. & C. H., Merch'ts in Londo., to purchase and send here the same Qu'ty of Arms supplied; therefore I desire You will please to send those Gent, a Bill of Excha. for the Amo. agree able to the Invo. of the Cost sent You. Gen'l Braddock was at W. Creek the 25th of May, but proposed march' g over the Allegany Mount's the End of Mayor very earlv in June. I heartily wish Success to his Expedit'n. I rem'n, with great Respect, Y'r Hon's most ob'd't humble serv't. "This mercantile firm was composed of William Alexander, after wards known as Lord Stirling (see preceding note, p. 23), and his father-in-law, Philip Livingston, the second Patroon of the Manor of Livingston. 46 dinwiddie papers. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR SHIRLEY. June 2d, 1755. Sir: I hope You had an agreeable Journey from Alexa'a to Boston, and y't y's meets you in good Health, and I doubt not, from Y'r great Assiduity and Care, y't Y'r Regim't is ready for the execut' n of y't Part ofthe Plan of the Operat's y't was con certed to be under Y'r Conduct. I had a Let'r from the Gen'l last Week; he says y't the want of Pasture for the Horses, and Money to pay the imediate Cha's had detain' d him at F't Cum berl'd. Colo. Washington carried 4,000,;^ St'r. from y's 8 Days ago, y't I expect he is by y's Time ready to march over the Allegany Mount's. I heartily wish him an agreeable Campaign and Success ag'st our inveterate Enemy and their unjust Inva sions on H. M'y's Lands. Our Assembly is now sitting, and I do believe they will grant a Vote for some further Supplys, but the Conduct of the two neighbour' g Proprietary Gov'ts in not a.ssist'g the Expedit'n or act'g with proper Spirit ag'st the Enemy, lays me under many Difficulties with our Assembly, as they say the Supplies sh'd be General from all the Colonies; however, I expect they will give me 10,000;,^. I have supplied fhe Jerseys with 500 Arms, &c., N. York with 800, and the Gen'l with 400, so y't I have left our Magazine almost empty, but I was glad I had them, and shall be willing and ready to do every Thing in my Power to forw'd so necessary and just an Ex pedit'n. I shall be glad of a Line from You w'n You intend to march, and am very glad the 500 Men from the Jerseys are to join Y'r Regim't. Pray, is S'r W'm Pepperell's Compleat? What News from Colo. Johnston and w't Success had he with the Six Nat's? Excuse these Queries, it's from a real Desire y't every Thing relat' g to the pres't Affairs may succeed with proper Spirit. If I can be of any Service to You here, freely Com'd me. I am, with very sincere Respect and Truth, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't humble serv't. dinwiddie papers. 47 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO JNO. ERVING,'* IN BOSTON. June 2d, [1755.] Sir : I rec'd Y'r Let'r of the loth of Mar. The Fish f, Sloop Pursue was d'd in good Order. The Amo. thereof and the Freight, agreeable to Y'r Desire, is p'd to Dan' 1 Turell, the Mast'r of the Sloop. I have his Receipt accordingly. I be lieve I formerly knew Y'r Father at New foundland. If he remembers anything of me, I desire you to pres't my Com plim'ts and respects to him. , I am with Esteem, Sir, Y'r ob'd't h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR SHARPE. June 2d, 1755. Sir: I hope y's will meet You in perfect good Health. Pray let me know w't Cloth' g You had from Mr. Carlyle and if you want any more. The Gen'l wrote me ab't a Fortnight ago y't w'n he marches over the Allegany it will be absolutely necessary to have some Forces in Cumberl'd Fort, and I presume he wrote You to the same Purpose; he proposed the Militia of the neigh bour' g Counties, but by our Laws I cannot compeh. Our Assembly is now sitting and I have applied to them to qualifie me to raise 60 Men, and if you can raise 40, I believe will be sufficient, w'ch please to acquaint me. The Gen'l further de sires me to write to the Lieut's in the different Counties to have the Mihtia in readiness in case he sh'd want them in the Mo. of July, w'ch I shall do. He wrote for 400 Small Arms, w'ch I sent him, with 500 sent the New Jerseys and 800 to New York, leaves our Magazine very bare of Arms. Our Assembly still rem' s"' sitting. I have earnestly desired a further Supply, but '*John Erving was an " eminent merchant " of Boston, who com menced his career as a ferryman over Charles river. He married a daughter of Governor William Shirley. 48 dinwiddie papers. the Backwardness of M'yl'd and Pensylvania is a great Bar in my way; they have agreed to 6,ooO;£, but I am in hopes they will make it ;^ 10,000, tho' y't's very uncertain. Pray how does the Subscript'n with You goon? or do You intend to call Y'r Assembly ? It's really ill judged and too parcimonious in the Colonies to be so backw'd after H. M'y's great Care of us and the large Expences the Crown is at for our Protect' n. When did You part with the Gen'l? do You not think he will be ready to march by y's Time? He sent Co. Washington for Money, who carried up ;^4,ooo St'r. He says he will want /io,ooo more in two Mo's. Colo. Hunter is gone to the No' w'd to endeavour to procure it for Bills of Excha. It will be a very Expensive tho' necessary Expedit'n. The Season of the Year being so far advanced, I am uneasy at the Delay. Regular Forces have more Ceremony, &c. , on their March than others. The Train of Artillery has greatly contributed to the Delay of the Expedit'n, but hope every Thing now is in proper Order for their March. Pray write me fully of Y'r Prospects in rais'g Money and Y'r Tho'ts on the whole Affairs. I wish You much Health and Happiness, and am in great Truth, Y'r Ex's, Most ob'd't h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GENERAL BR.\DDOCK. June 3rd, [1755-] Sir : Since writ'g my Let'r of yesterday's Date I rec'd Y'r two Let'rs of the 22d and 27th of May, but I observe Colo. Wash ington was not then arrived with \^£~\ 4,000, w ch Sum I hope will enable you to march. Mr. Hunter went to Phila' a, and is expected here in a Week ; y't, if you sh'd want any more Money I think he will be able to supply You. Y'r Let'r of the 2 2d I I think very just, and I shall, for my part, endeavour to comply with the necessary Preparat's for the Fort on the Ohio, w'ch I have no doubt the Fr. will surrender on Sight of y'r Forces. dinwiddie papers. 49 Our Assembly is adjourn' d for three weeks. On their meet'g I shall lay Y'r Letter before them and urge the Necessity of imediate Supplies, &c., for y't necessary Service, and I hope You have, agreeable to Y'r Let., wrote to the Gov'rs of M'yl'd and Pennsylva' a on the same Subject. I shall send up ten Pss. of Cannon from Hampton, w'th their appurtenances, to be mounted on the Fort, and shall do my utmost in provid' g ne cessary Provis's for the People y't may be left there. I cannot ascertain the due and exact Compliance with w't You so judi ciously direct, but every Thing in my Power shall be done for the good of the Service. I take due Notice of the Bravado of the Fr. , and shall give Orders for the Militia to be on their Guard. Y'rs of the 27th gives me much Concern to think of the bad Usage and Delay You have met with on Y'r March from Alexa'a, and I am much surprized You were not better supplied with Waggons from Virg' a. I tho't the Encouragem' t the People had of being duly p'd w'd have engag'd them cheer fully to furnish their Wagg's, &c. The Want of Forage for the Horses was w't I always dreaded, but was in hopes you c'd have reduc'd their Number. The Flour from Pennsylva' a I tho't a Person had been appointed to receive it to prevent its fall'ginto improper Hands, y't on y's Occasion are too apt, from lucrative Views, to make the most of every Thing they can ; but I hope You will be able to discover some of these wicked People to make some Examples by a proper Punishm' t, to deter others from such bad Practices. As Colo. Washington must be with You long e'er this, I hope he made You easy as to Cash. My Wife and two girls join me in wishing You Health and Success. I am most Sincerely, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't, humble serv't. P. S. — I wish You had wrote me the Person You leave to com'd F't Cumberl'd, y't I may write and order the Men to y't Place for its Protect' n. 50 dinwiddie papers. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO WM. SHIRLEY, ESQ., SECRE TARY TO GENERAL BRADDOCK. June 3d, [1755]. Sir : I rec'd Y'rs of the 25th, with the Papers concerning the So'ern Ind's. They are, as usual, very confused and inconsist' t, and realy of no great use. The only Misfortune attend'g a Correspondence with these People is owing to employing the Traders to them, who, generally speak'g, are abandoned Wretches, and quarrel among themselves. The Pres't sent by Mr. Carlyle to y'r Gen'l, w't I sent from y's with the 400 Small Arms and the goods I directed Colo. Inness to d[elive]r to the GenTs Order, amo. together to [^]599, 2. 3. y's Currency, w'ch exceeds w't I engag'd to Supply at Alexa'a, and hope You will inform Y'r Father thereof I heartily wish You Health, an agreeable Campaign, and every other Felicity you desire, and am with great Respect, Sir, Y'r ob'd't, h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO SIR THOM.\S ROBINSON. June 6th, I7SS- R't Hon.: Annex' d is Copy of my last [of] the 30th of Apr. , to w' ch please be refer' d. Agreeable and in Obedience to His M'y's Com'ds I have transmitted my Warr't to the Pay Master Gen'l for ;^2,ooo, paya. by Mr. J. Hanbury, from the Revenue of 2s. ^ H'h'd on Tob'o rec'd in y's Dom'n. Y't Revenue is the only one I have recourse to for paym't any Emergencies of Gov't. I, therefore, have left the small Sum of /J67, 15. 6. in the Rec'r Gen' I's hands, to be ready on any urgent Occasion, w'ch, I hope, win be approv'd of w'th You. Gen'l Braddock has been long delay'd for want of Waggons for the train of Artillery and Forage for his Horses, w'ch are upwards of 1,500 in y's new Co' try. These Supplies are very difficult to be had. However, the 28th of last Mo. the first Division of his Army DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 51 began their March over the Allegany Mount's, and, I doubt not, the whole Army is March'd before y's Time, and I wish them Success. From the best Intelligence we have, the Fr. have not above 500 Men, beside Ind's, at the Fort on the Ohio. An Ind'n from the Fr. says y't they are determin'd, on sight of Gen'l Braddock's Army, they will abandon the Fort and proba bly dismande it, but y't they determin'd to come amon.g our Inhabitants on the Frontiers, to plunder; y's, I think, is only a Fr. Bravado. However, I think it proper to order the Lieut' ts of the Counties to keep the Militia in readiness, and if they sh' d attempt any Such Thing, I cannot see how they can make their Retreat, as the Army will be on the other side of them. The Gen'l writes me ifhe sh'd succeed in taking the Fort y't it must be supported by the contiguous Colonies of Virg' a, M'yl'd and Pensylva'a, w'ch I think very just, and desires Guns, Provis's, &c., be provided accordingly. Our Assembly met the ist Ult'o, but are adjourn' d for a short Time. They propos'd grant' g _^6,ooo, but hope w'n they meet again they will make it _^io,ooo, w'n I lay before them the Exp's y't Gen'l Braddock justly ex pects from them, and I shall be very earnest in perswading them to act with Vigour and Resolution at y's critical Juncture. The Proprietary Gov'ts to the No'w'd of y's being so backw'd in their Supplies, has put me to very great Straits to perswade our People to a just way of think' g. However, I hope they act consistent with our Danger and in gratitude to H. M'y for his great Care of us and the great Expence of our Mother Co' try. I have laid Horses at proper Stages in order to have quick In telligence, w'ch I shall take the proper Care to Comunicate to You as they may occur. If I had not got the Money and Cr from Home to supply Provis's and other necessaries, the Expe dit'n c'd not have succeeded in any tolerable Manner. I have sent to Gen'l Braddock Pres'ts for the Ind's, amo'g to ^599, 2. 3. in suitable goods. The Chiefs of the So'ern Ind's are gone to Cha's Town, in So. Car., but am in hopes a good Number of them will meet our Forces on the Ohio. With great Deference and due Respect, I rem'n, R't Hon., Y'r most faithful and obliged humble serv't [Memorandum].— All ofthe Let's of y's date '^ Ct Lane. 52 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE LORDS OF TRADE. June 6th, 1755. R't Hon.: Inclosed I send Y'r L'd's the list of Ships ent'd inw'ds for the last J^ Year. I also send You the Acc't of the 2S. ^ H'h'd Revenue on Tob'o, ending the 25th Apr., Balla. in the Rec'r Gen' I's hands being ^2,767, 15. 6. I have served the Rec'r Gen'l with my Warr't paya. to the R't Hon. Wm. Pitt, Esq'r," Pay M'r Gen'l to the Army, for ^^2,000 to be p'd by Mr. J. Hanbury. Y's is agreeable to His M'y's Com'ds to me. The Balla. of ^767, 15. 6. rem's in his hands to answer any small Emergencys of Gov't y't may occur, w'ch step I hope will meet with Approbat'n, as I have no other Fund to call upon on any sudden Occasion. The first Division of Gen'l Braddock's Army began their March over the Alle gany Mount's the 28th ult'o, and I hope ere y's the whole Forces are on their March and I have not the least doubt of Y'r Success in retak'g the Fort on the Ohio, and I sincerely wish Success may attend all their Operat's. The Gen'l was retarded in his March for the want of Horses, Waggons, &c., and Forage for his Horses, w'ch are in No. upwards of 1,500; y's Co' try being unacquainted with War, made the necessary Supplies more difficult, but I think he has surmount' d all these Inconveni ences. The Train of Artillery wanted such numbers of Wagg's and Horses y't they c'd not readily be supplied with them in y's new Co' try, and indeed I am surprized at the No. they have collected together. I have laid Horses at proper Stages for quick Intelligence. I expect the next Let'r from the Gen'l will be from the Ohio, when I shall give you constant Intelli gence. Our Ho. of Burgesses met the first Ult'o. They y'n intended a further Supply of ;^6,ooo. They are adjourned for a short time. On their Meet'g again I hope to prevail with them to grant ^10,000, but the Backwardness of our neigh- bour'g Proprietary Gov'ts of M'l'd and Pensylvania make my Applicat's to our Assembly an up-hill Work. However, I shall do all in my Power to raise them to a proper Sense of their Duty "Subsequently Earl of Chatham. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 53 and Danger. As I cannot write You any Thing further y't is material, I beg leave to assure You I am with great Deference and due Respect, R't Hon., Y'r L'd's most faithful and obliged humble serv't. GOV. DINWIDDIE TO THE LORDS OF THE TREASURY. June 6th, 1755. R't Hon. : Inclos'd You have the Acc't of 2S. ^ H'h'd on Tob'o rec'd in y's Dom'n end'g the 25th Day of Apr. last, Balla. due thereon being ,^2,760, 15. 6. and I have, agreeable to H. M'y's Com'ds, granted my Warr't on Mr. Grymes, the Rec'r- Gen'l, for ^2,000, paya. to the Rt. Hon. Wm. Pitt, Esq'r, and to him transmitted to be paid by Mr. J. H. You will please observe there still rem's a Balla. of £'jb'], 15. 6. w'ch I tho't absolutely necessary for H. M'y's Service, to leave in the Receiver's hands to answer such Emergencys as may occur. Having no other Fund to depend on at y's troublesome Time, and as many Dem'ds are expected, I hope Y'r L'ds wih agree y't smaU Sum is proper to be retain' d for any sudden call. The ist Division of Gen'l Braddock's Army began their March over the Allegany Mount's from F't Cumberl'd the 28th of last Mo., and I pre sume the whole Army is on their March before y's Time, and I wish and do not doubt of their Success in retak'g the Fort on the Ohio and his further Operat's up y't River. I have fix'd Horses at proper Stages for quick Intelhgence, w'ch I shall communicate to You as may occur. I beg Leave to assure You I am, with great Deference and dutiful Respect, R't Hon., Y'r L'd's most ob'd't and faithful humble serv't 54 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO WM. PITT, ESQ'R, PAY MASTER GENERAL. June 6th, [i755-J R't Hon. : In obedience to His M'y's Com'ds, I have enclos'd You my Warr't on Mr. Grymes, Rec'r Gen'l, of the Duty of 2S. ^ H'h'd on Tob'o in y's Dom'n for ^2,000 St'r. underwrit, to be p'd by Mr. J. Hanbury, merch' t, in Londo. I doubt not it win be duly p'd, and I pray Y'r Favo. to acqu't the L'ds of the Treasury thereof I have the Hon'r to subscribe myself, R't Hon., Y'r most ob'd't h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO JNO. CLELAND, ESQ., SECRE TARY TO THE LORDS OF THE ADMIRALTY. June 6th, [1755]. Sir : I Omitted in my former Let'r to send You the List of M'd Passes supplied the Shipp'g here, w'ch I now send You. We are very barren of News here, hav'g had no Ships lately from Engl, to acqu't us whether War is declared. I think we are pretty well prepar' d for it here. Gen'l Braddock is on his March to the Ohio, where I doubt not he will soon retake the F't the Fr. took from us last Summer. If [I] can be of any Service to You here freely com'd. Sir, Y'r most h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO LORD HALIFAX. June 6th, 1755. R'T Hon.: Annex'd is Copy of my last, to w'ch please be refer'd. This new Co' try not being used to military Operat's and the Supply of Necessaries for Gen'l Braddock's March has greatly DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 55 retarded him. However, the 28th of last Mo. the ist Division of his An|[iy began their March over the Allegany Mount's, and before y's Time his whole Forces must be on their March, and I heartily wish Success to them. I have no doubt of his get'g Possess' n of the Fort on the Ohio and y't many of the Ind's who were seduced by the Fr. will return to the British Int't. The So'ern Ind's wni many of them, I hope, join our Forces on the Ohio, tho' by last Acc't from them many of their Chiefs were gone to So. Car. by an Invitat'n from Mr. Glen. I hope y't Gent, will engage them to march to our A.ssistance, tho' I wish he had suspended their going to Him at y's Time. I ex pect the first News I shall have from the Gen'l will be from the Ohio. I have laid Horses at different stages to get the most early Intehigence, w' ch I shall ¦ take Care to communicate to You from Time to Time. The Acc'ts we have from the Ohio make the Nos. of the Fr. not above 500 besides their Ind's, w'ch makes me think the Gen'l will meet with no great Diffi culty in taking y't Fort. Our Assembly met the ist Ult'o. They propos'd a Vote of ;^6,ooo, w'ch I told them was trifling in such dangerous Times. They are adjourned for a short time. On their meet'g I hope to prevan with them to grant ^10,000. The Money and Cr. sent me has been of great use in provid' g Provis's, Horses, Waggons, &c. With't y't Money the Expe dit'n w'd have been greatly retarded. The Gen'l complains much for the want of Forage for the Horses, w' ch are upward^ of 1,500. Y's c'd not possibly be supplied in those Parts, but as the Grass is now very forw'd I hope y't Compl't will in a great rheasure cease. We have had no News from Britain for a long Time, and we are in a State of uncertainty whether it's Peace or War. If the first, I hope Things are accommodated for our advantage, for I verily believe we shall be able to recover the Lands the Fr. have so unjustly invaded by building Forts on His M'y's Lands. I cannot write You any Thing more at y's Time, but I shall do myself the Hon. of acquaint' g You of the different Steps and Successes the Gen'l may make, and I beg Leave to assure You y' 1 1 am in much Truth and great Deference, Y'r L'd's most ob'd't h'ble serv't 56 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO EARL GRANVILLE. June 6th, 1755. R't Hon. : Annex'd is my last of the 7th May, to w'ch I beg to be refer'd, and in case of Miscarriage I enclose Y'r L'ds. my 2d Bill of Excha. for 500 £ St'r. The first Division of Gen'l B.'s army begun their March over the Allegany Mount's the 28th Ult'o, and I suppose the whole of his Forces are on their March to the Ohio, and I have not the least doubt of his success in taking y' t Fort and his further Operat's, as I wrote you in my last. I sin cerely wish Success, and am in hopes as we have begun we shall be able to drive the Fr. from H. M'y's Lands. We have had no News from Britain of a long Time, and in a state of uncertainty whether Peace or War is declar'd. If the former, I hope the Accomodat'n will be for the Advantage of Brit'n and its Colo nies ; if War, I think we are in a good Situat' n here to support his M'y's just Rights, and shall be sorry if the great Prepa rat's and heavy Cha's attend'g the Expedit'n sh'd be ended with a disagreeable Accomodat'n of Matters. Excuse my going out of my Sphere, but it's from a sincere Inclinat'n for the ser vice of H. M'y, and establishing his just Rights in y's part of the World. I have laid Horses at proper Stages for Intehi- gence from our Army. W'n any Thing material occurs, I shaU do myself the hon'r of communicat'g it to You, and beg Leave to assure You y't I am, with great Deference and dutiful Re- pect, R't Hon., Y'r L'd's most ob'd't h'ble serv't. [Memorandum.] Wrote Sec'ry Wood" June 6th, [1755]. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO JAMES ABERCROMBY. June 6th, 1755. Sir : Y'r Let's of 16, 19 and 28th Jan'y and 21st Feb'y I have rec'd, and sh'd have answer' d before y's Time. I went with " Robert Wood, Secretary to Lord Granville. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 57 G'l B k to Alexandria, where I rem'd with him a Mo., and ret'd here very much out of Order and Kept my Ho. for some time. I observe by Y'rs y't some mHitary Noblemen are apply ing to suceed L'd Albermarle as G'r of y's Dom'n, with Pro posal of residing here. Whatever H. M'y sees proper to be done I am all Submission to His Com'ds, but as the Salary is p'd here, I insist on having the whole, as it's not paid from the Treasury I cannot conceive the Ministry wHl give any Orders about it, and indeed the receiv'g of it will only help to defray the great extra Expence I have been at for these last two years. Gen'l B — k's friends write him he is likely to get it ; if so, he desires my continuance as Lieut. Gov'r ; however, y't is too premature. I have sent home the Acc't of the 2S. ^ H'h'd, and sent my Warr't to Mr. Pitt, Pay M'r Gen'l, for ^2,000, to be p'd by Mr. H'y, w'ch You may observe my readiness to obey Instruct's. It's frue it made much Noise with the Council, as they were very backw' d in the Affair; however, I prepar'd the Warr't and serv'd it on the Rec'r Gen'l in the Councn Cham ber. I believe they intend to address His M'y on the Subject, but y't is w't I have no Concern with; it's true it's the only Fund I had to call on in any Emergency, and it will be a great Loss and Hindrance in the Discharge of the Duties of Gov't, but y't must submit to the Royal Mandate. • Write me how my Conduct in y's Affair is approved. The Council in my Absence were thinking You did not properly do Y'r Duty, but I believe it's from some Solicitat's from Home for Y'r Office, but I think none will succeed while I preside. You sh'd have wrote to Colo. Corbin about the Act to Cut off the Intail of some Lands w'ch he wrote You to negotiate. He is uneasy not to have heard from You. You sh'd also have wrote a Let'r of Thanks to the Council for the Augmentat'n of Y'r Salary. You know People in y's part of the World expect ret's for Favours, and a proper Let'r is soon wrote. I enclose You my Bill on Messrs. H'ys for ;^ioo for Y'r Salary end'g 25th Apr. last. Your not sending the Expence on the Pistole Fee is wrong, as the 2S. '^ H'h'd should pay it if I can prevail with the Council, and y't Acc't is now closed. Mr. Glen has lately sent BHls of Excha. paya. to Gen'l B k for _^4,ooo, part of ;^6,ooo voted by their Assem bly for Aid to the Expedit'n. The Method in sending it to the Gen'l may prevent his draw'g for the whole Sum home, but 58 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. does not answer the intent of the Assembly of So. Car. to be applied with the Money raised in the other Colonies for the Expedit'n, or wih it be known how y't Money is applied. No doubt the Gen'l wih make use of it for the regular Forces, &c. This Step of his, I presume, is intended to anger me, or prob ably did not care to trust me with y't Sum. But he is much mistaken, for I am glad 1 have nothing to do with it, for I have Trouble enough, and if y't had come into my hand I w'd have had the Uneasiness of paying it out for the Service by Orders from the Gen'l, or indeed to have rais'd a Co'y for the Serv'ce in the Name of So. Caro. However, I have sent the Bills to the Gen'l, and it's certain he cannot negotiate them on the Ohio. However, they are out of my Hands, and none but a wrong-headed Man c'd have concerted so inconsistently, tho' he writes the Gen'l it's by Advice of the Council, which I don't believe. I long to hear of Mr. Littleton's Arrival, being per swaded he'll be very well rec'd in Caro., as I think the People in Gen'l seem weary of Mr. Glen. I had almost forgot to desire You, in case a Gov'r is appointed for y's Colony, to give me six Mo's' notice before he sets out, y't I may have Time to dispose of my Slaves, Horses, &c. Gen'l B — k began his march over the Allegany Mount's the 28th Ult'o, and from the Acc'ts we have from the Ohio, the Fr. are not very numerous, so y't I do not doubt of his Success in tak'g the Forts and his other operat's up y't River. I am truly fatigued, must there fore leave off. My Wife and girls join me in kind Complim'ts, and I am sincerely. Sir, Y'r af , h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR SHARPE. Tune 13th, 1755. Sir : Y'r Let'r of 9th May came to my Hands last Week. I hope by y's the whole Forces are march'd over the Allegany Mount's, and I expect they will soon be in Possess' n of the Fort. I hear Colo. Dunbar's Regim't was oblig'd to go by dinwiddie PAPERS. 59 Winchester. I rec'd Y'r Acc't enclos'g the Mo. p'd Montour, [which] will not be allow'd me, as he sh'd have rec' d it from Gist, but Gist says he ow'd him y't and more. Our Committee will allow no more to Capt. Poison than 8d. ^ Day our Money for maintaining the Recruits, and how to recover the difference from him I know not. I wish you had not been so ready to ad vance him so much; however, I do not think You sh'd Suffer, therefore I desire you will please to send me a particular Acc't. Title it R. D. D'r to You for Cash advanced on Acc't of the Expedition, and send me a Receipt at the Bottom. Let me know if You will have the Balla. in Cash or Bills of Excha. The Excha. at Philadelphia is 70 ^ Ct, w'ch Poison's Money must be reduced to, and send a Receipt for Y'r own Pay with the number of Days you were absent from Y'r Gov't. These Things I must have as Vouchers, as you must be p'd out of the English Money and Credit I had — The Cloths You had for Y'r Recruits, if Coat, W. Coat, Breech's and Shirt, i Pr. Stock' g, I ^ Shoes, and i Hat, comes with Cha's to 40s st'r. ^ Suit. W'n You send the Acc'ts as above I shall state it and pay the Balla. as you may direct. Mr. Wostenholme owes me a Balla. I now desire him to pay You, w'ch please give him Receipt, and it shall be carried to Y'r Debit. The sooner I have Y'r Acc't the better. Our Ho. of Burgesses by ray Order adjourned for three Weeks. They meet in ten Days. In their former Meeting they propos'd ^6,000 for the Expedit'n, but I am in hopes they will make it ^10,000. I shall do all I can to prevail with them. I much want to hear how Y'r Subscription succeeded and if You have any Expectat's from Y'r Assembly. The Gen'l expects if he succeeds in taking the Fort y't Pensyl vania, M'yl'd and y's Colony are to support it with guns, Pro vis's, &c. I shall lav his Lett'r before our Assembly, and hope they will make Provision for y't necessary Service. So. Car. have at last voted 6,ooO;^ St'r. and sent 4,000^ in Bills to the Gen'l, w'ch I doubt not will be properly applied to the Gen'l Service. Pray write me if any late News from Eng'd. We have some officers arrived from thence, I hear, to recruit more Men, but they are not yet come to Town. It's generally tho't here y't War is inevitable. I wish You Health and Happiness, and am, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't h'ble serv't. 60 dinwiddie PAPERS. P. S. — Ct. Rose had 6o-odd Pounds of me to recruit. He sent me no Men, or writes me on the Head. It's unkind, to say no more of it. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR DOBBS. June 13th, 1755. Sir : Y'r favo. of 27th May I rec'd a few Days ago. It gave me much Pleasure to hear of Y'r Health after Y'r continued Fatigues for Y'r People and Gov't. I do not hear of any Squadron arrived at Lewisburg. 2,000 People from N. Eng'd embark'd for Nova Scotia in Aprill, y't I believe after they had join'd the Regulars they w'd attack Chegnuto and St. John's, and I am in hopes soon to hear of their Success. The first Di vision of Gen'l Braddock's Army began their March over the Al legany Mount's the 28th ult'o, and am in hopes all his Forces before y's are on their March. The Ceremony and Formality of march' g regular Forces has retarded their March long, and the large train of Artillery, requiring great numbers of \\"aggons and Horses, has also been a great Hindrance to their March. However, I soon expect to hear of the Gen' I's being in Posses sion of the Fort on the Ohio. Pensylvania and M'vl'd still continues obstinate, tho' the Qen'l writes me the former ha^¦e supplied 150 Waggons. I have great Dependence on Y'r purchas'g Steers, and hope before y's a number are on their way to Willis's Creek, where Colo. Innes is left to com'd. The Colony of So. Car. have at last granted 6,ooO;^ St'r. Mr. Glen has sent the Gen'l 4,000^ in Bills Paya. to himself w'ch I have forwarded to the Army, where they cannot be negotiated or turn'd into Money. Y's is of a piece with y't Gent's Conduct, for every he c'd contrive to retard the Expedit'n he has gone into ; but I am very glad I have nothing to do with their Sup ply. No doubt the Gen'l will make proper use df v't Money. It will stop his draw'g to me for the equal Sum ; but it will not appear as a provincial Supply, as it will be included in his Acc't of Disbursem'ts; whereas J expected they w'd order'd a Co'y of 100 Men to be rais'd, p'd. Cloth' d, &c., out of their Sup- DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 61 ply. He still keeps 2,000 in his own hands. His Conduct appears to me in every Shape unaccountable, and not done with Spirit and Zeal. It will be proper to keep Y'r Co'y to the Westw'd, close on their watch, the Gen'l being inform'd y't if he succeeds in tak'g the Fort, y't the Fr. and their Ind's will march into our Frontiers to oppress and robb our settlers, w'ch you'll please give Directions accordingly. From Engl'd I am inform'd the Fr. propos'd demolish' g Crown Point and all the Forts the back of our Settlem'ts ; abandon the Neutre Isl'ds, and leave the Determinat'n of the Boundaries of our Lands on y's Cont't to Comissioners to be hereafter appointed. Our Ministry insisted on two of the Princes of the Blood in France as Hostages for their Performance of every Thing agreeable to the Treaty of Utrich, w'ch they refused, and I verily believe War will be the Consequence. We have seven officers arrived from Engl'd; they are not yet come here; they say they are come to recruit. Pray, can Men be rais'd in Y'r Province? I dread raising them here. They proceed with universal good Spirit in Engl'd in rais'g Seamen, each Seaport giv'g Encouragem' t to them, besides y't given by the Crown, and 10,000 Marines are ordered. It gives me Pleasure to hear of the Spirit y't is in general among the People in Britain; wish I c'd say it was the same in these Colonies. Our Assembly adjourned by my Order for three Weeks. They meet in 10 Days; they proposed a farther Vote of ;^6,ooo, but am in hopes they will make it ^10,000. I shall be glad if You can continue a proper Intercourse and y's Place, w'n shall acquaint You of any Occurrence y't may happen. Y'r Son's Let'r was imediately forwarded by an Express. I have not heard from him since he left y's Place. I beg You w'd forw'd the enclos'd with all possible Dispatch to Chas. Town, and I think You may pro pose their fixing a Person to go from Chas. Town to You during y's Campaign. May Health and Happiness attend all Y'r Pro ceedings for the good of the People You preside over. I am, with very sincere Respects and in great Truth, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't h'ble serv't. 62 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR GLEN. June 13th, 1755. Sir: Y'r short Let'r ofthe 17th Ult'o I rec'd from Ct Suckling, and agreeable to Y'r Desire I forwarded Y'r Packet by Express to Gen'l Braddock, who, I suppose, is the other side the Alle gany Mount's. And Y'r Let'r to the Gov'r of N. York I for warded by Post the Day after I rec'd it. I am sorry You are seiz'd with a Violent Fever, and hope y's wih find You re cover'd. I am, with Kind Respects, Sir, Y'r very h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO HON. WM. WRAGG, ESQ. June 13th, 1755. Sir : I rec'd a very short Let'r from Gov't Glen, ofthe 17th Day of May, with a Packet directed to Gen'l Braddock, in his Absence to me, in my Absence to the Treasurer of this Col ony. I know not how he came to direct in my Absence to the Treas' r, who can have no Business with public Affairs from one Colony to the other. However, the Packet cont'd Bills of Excha. for 4,000^, in part of 6,ooo_;^ voted by Y'r Assembly as an Aid to the Expedition. These Bills are all made paya. to G'l Braddock, and he writes it was by Advice of the Council, but how he can negotiate these Bills on the Ohio I know not ; however, I have forwarded the Packet as directed, and y's Supply, no doubt, will be duly applied, and will be entered in the General's Acc't, but how it will be noticed as a provincial Supply, I know not. It will prevent his draw'g for an equal Sum home, but how he will turn the Bills into Money where he is, must rema. a Mystery to me. I hope he will send them to Phila. or N. York, for our Excha., from the great Dem'd for Money, is fallen to 25 ^ Ct. I am infinitely obliged to Mr. Glen, y't I have nothing to do with these Bills, as I am other- ways greatly oppressd with Business, or did he ment'n in his dinwiddie papers. 63 Let' r to me the Vote of Supply from Y' r Colony, and indeed I expected w'n they granted Supplies they w'd have directed a Co'y to be rais'd. Cloth' d and paid from their Supply, w'ch w'd have been very proper now and agreeable to the Method taken in all the other Colonies, but he cannot deviate from his accustomed Method of giving great Delays to the Ex pedit'n, and w't is given by Y'r Assembly, I dare say, with great Chearfulness, is applied, I think, by Y'r G'r with a bad Grace. The Gen'l is a Gent, of great Hon'r and no Selfishness, y't I am convinc'd the M'y will be duly appli'd by him for the Service of the Expedit'n in general, and as above, will prevent his draw'g for an equal Sum on his Cr. from Home. I have wrote Mr. Glen a short Let'r ac- knowledg'g the receipt and forwarding his Packets to the Gen'l, and G'r of N. York, for as he did not write me any Thing of Y'r Assembly's Supply, or about the Bills, I was silent to him in my Answer, to these Points, but tho't proper to give You the trouble of y's with my opinion on his Conduct w'ch You may make use of as You see proper. The first Divi sion of Gen'l B — k's Forces began their March over the Alle gany Mount's the 28th Ult'o, and I hope they are all march'd over by y's Time. I have no doubt of his Success in taking the Fort on the Ohio, and I hope his other Plan of Operat's up y't River will be attended with Success. We are very bar ren of News from Engl'd, tho' by all Acc'ts there never was so great a Spirit shewn in general, and in every Sea Port, giving Encouragem' t for Seamen to enter into the Service; 10,000 Marines are rais'g, y't I am of Opinion War must be declar'd before y's Time. So, Y'r new G'r is arrived, pray pres't my kind respects to him. I have the Hon'r of being well known to his Bro. I know Y'r Politeness and Goodness to excuse my giving You y's Trouble, and it will give me much Pleasure to hear from You. I have laid Horses at proper Stages between y's and the Camp, for quick Intelligence. I wish the same was from Y'r Place to No. Caro. and from thence here, y't I c'd communicate the Occurrences. I rem'n with very kind Respects and in great Truth, Worthy Sir, Y'r most ob'd't h'ble serv't. P. S. I formerly sent Mr. Glen my Bill on Mr. J. Hanbury 64 DINWIDDIE papers. for _;^i,ooo, to assist building a Fort in the Upper Cherokee Co' try. I wrote that Gent, to pay the Mo'y w'n approved by the Council of So. Caro., w'ch I hope they will accordingly; write thereon. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO DANIEL WOLSTENHOLME, MERCHANT AT ANNAPOLIS. June 13th, 1755. Sir: My last to You was by Mr. R't Calender with my Order to pay him some Money for Horses, &c. I desire You will now send me Y'r Acc't stated, and the Balla. in Y'r hands please pay to G'r Sharpe and take his Receipt for it, w'ch please trans mit to me. I owe him some Money w'ch is the reason for giving You y's Trouble. I wish You Health, and am. Sir, y'r very h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GENERAL BRADDOCK. June i6th, 1755. Sir: Last Friday arrived two Ships from Londo. The enclos'd Let's came by them, w'ch I wish safe to Y'r Hands, and the Bearer, Ct Stone,'" has a large Packet for You, w ch he was order'd to deliver with his own Hands. There are eleven Officers arrived in these Ships belong' g to Gen'l Warburton's, Gen'l Lassell's'' and Colo. Hopson's™ Regim'ts, in Nova Scotia. '^Captain Stone, of Lascelles's Regiment, killed July 9, 1755. ^'Lieutenant-Generals Warburton and Lascelles commanded respec tively the Forty-Fifth and Forty-Seventh Regiments. ™This was presumably Perigrine Thomas Hopson, Commander-in- Chief at Louisbourg when that place was restored to the French under the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle He was sworn in as Senior Councillor of Nova Scotia in July, 1749, and succeeded Hon. Edward Cornwallis as DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 65 They say they are come to recruit Men to compleat the above Regim'ts to i,ooo Men each, but had no Letter for me, unless it is in Y'r Ex's Packet. I told them y't every Thing in my Power sh'd be done to assist them, but I fear they w'd have but poor Success in y's Colony, and the Distance to march the Re cruits at y's Season of the Year I think monstrous; however they wait Y'r Com'ds. I have accomodated the Gent'n y't wait on You with Horses, and the others I shall provide w'th a Sloop to Annapolis, where they propose remain' g till they receive Y'r Com'ds. I think they sh'd have been here three Months sooner. I have wrote to the different Lieut's of the Counties in y's Dom'n to have their Militia in proper Order and at Com'd, in Case the Fr. and their Ind's from the Ohio sh'd make an In cursion on our Frontiers. I shall imediately order up lo Guns with their Appurtenances to Fort Cumberl'd, from thence to be transported to the Fort, w'ch, I hope, you will soon be in Pos sess' n of If any delay sh'd happen in geting the Guns to F't Cumberl'd, if you please You may order the Guns now at y't Fort to be imediately (after you have Possess' n of the Fort on the Ohio), sent over the Allegany, to be mounted there, and the Guns I send from y's may be to replace them in Fort Cum berl'd. I shall beg Y'r Opinion on this Affair, and Y'r Direct' s shall be obey'd. My Let's from Engl'd say y't War is unavoid able, and I am apt to think before y's it is declar'd, but no doubt Y'r Let'r will be more explicit, as I have none from any of the Ministry. I hope y's will be d[elivere]d You the other side of the Allegany Mount's. Mr. Hunter ret'd on Saturday, and I think is fully provided with Money w'n You please to call for it. My Wife and girls join me in sincere Respects to You and Ct Orme. I wish You Health and much Success in v's just Expe dition, and am, in great Truth, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't h'ble serv't. Governor August 3, 1752. He went to England in November, 1753 ; obtained the rank of Major-General February loth, 1757. In Novem ber, 1758, he was placed in command ofthe land forces forthe reduction of the French Carribbee Island. After an unsuccessful attempt to take Martinique, the fleet arrived before Guadaloupe January 23, 1759. Gen eral Hopson died on the 27th before the Island was captured, and was succeeded in the command of the expedition by General Barrington. 66 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GONERNOR DINWIDDIE TO SIR PETER HALKET. June i6th, 1755. Sir : By a Ship from Londo. , last Friday, one Chas. Bevil Fitz gerald was sent here as a Deserter from Y' r Regim' t. I have order'd him to Goal till I have Y'r direct' s w't to do with him, and am. Sir, Y'r most ob'd't h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL DUNBAR. June i6th, [1755]. Sir : By a Ship from Londo., Jno. Hill, Alex'r McKenzie and Vincent Taylor were sent here as Deserters from Y'r Regim't. I have order'd them to Goal till I have Y'r Direct' s w't to do with them, w'ch I desire may be soon. I am. Sir, Y'r most ob'd't h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO CAPTAIN HUGH ROSE, IN SIR WILLIAM PEPPERELL'S REGIMENT. June i6th, [1755]. Sir : I understand You are recomended to S'r Wm. Pepperill for a Com'o. I wish You may succeed. I have great Reason to complain of Y'r Conduct to me. The 7th Dec'r last, on Y'r Request, I advanc'd You [;^]6i, 12. 6. to recruit Men forthe Virg'a Companies. You neither procur'd the Men or ret'd the Money, w'ch I think ih-treatment. I therefore write y's y't You may answer for Y' r Self before I make Complaint of You to the Gen'l. I shall therefore expect an imediate Answer, w'ch will oblige Sir, Y'r h'ble serv't dinwiddie PAPERS. 67 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE SEVERAL COUNTY LIEU TENANTS UPON THE FRONTIERS OF THE COLONY. June 17, 1755. Sir : Whereas it has been signified to me by his Ex'y' Gen'l Braddock, y't is suspected w'n our Army is far advanc'd the French and their Ind's will fall upon the frontier Settlements of y's Colony, for the better guarding ag'st the dangerous Conse quences of such an Attempt You are hereby required to keep a diligent Lookout and have a number of Y'r Mihtia constantly on the watch by way of Patrolers, and to send me speedy Ad vice if any number of Men shall appear in Arms on our Fron tiers, and give a proper Alarm to the Neighbouring Counties. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR SHARPE. June i8th, 1755. Sir : Y'rs of the i8th Curr't I rec'd from Mr. Hunter. I have from the Gen'l a Letter much to the same Purport of y't You enclos'd me, and am of Opinion if the Gen'l succeds in tak'g the Fort at the Ohio y't the Charges attending and maintain ing it sh'd be p'd by M'yl'd, Pensylva'a and y's Colony, and as our Assembly meets next Tuesday I shall endeavour to get them to provide for y't Service, and hope Yo'u will meet Your Assembly in good Temper to do w't is absolutely necessary at y's Time. As Fort Cumb'l'd sh'd be taken care of, will not Your People enable You to raise some Men to place in y't Fort? and I will raise some for y't Service. I have wrote to the County Lieut's to have their Militia in Order; to keep Patrolers on the frontiers; to give proper Alarms in Case the French and Indians sh'd attempt an Invasion among our Settlers in the back Country. I am preparing to send up ten Carriage Guns, and all their Appurtenances to be sent to Fort Cumberland, and from thence to the Fort on the Ohio. Provisions must be properly supplied, and I have wrote to Gov'r Morris on y't 68 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. Head; his Let'r is enclos'd, w'ch I beg You to forw'd by very first Opp'ty. The Delay of our Forces has given the Fr. great Opp'ty of reinforcing the Men on the Ohio, but I am of Opin ion all y't they have on the Ohio wiU be but small to those the Gen'l marches with him, so y't I do not doubt of Success ; but the Season of the Year advances. I thank You for the Depo sition of the Frenchman, but I hope the numbers of the French he mentions in Canada are exaggerated. I hope Maj'r Gen'l Shirley's Regim't, S'r W'm Pepperell's, and the Jersey Forces, are on their March to Niagara. I shall be glad to hear the Forces destined for Crown Point were in readiness to begin their March. I wrote you by Mr. Graham of the 13th, to w'ch I want Your Answer. Eleven officers belonging to those Regi m'ts in Nova Scotia arrived here last Week in order to recruit for their Regim'ts, to Compleat them to i,oco Men each. I accommodated Ct Floyer and Ct Stone with Horses to wait on the Gen'l for his Com'ds, and the others come in y's Sloop to remain in Your Place till the above Officers return, and I recom mend them to y'r Civility and F'dship. They w'd have but very poor chance in recruiting here, and indeed the Distance from y's to Nova Scotia, to march them in y's hot Season, I think very bad, however, no doubt the Gen'l will give them his Orders. I wish You Health, Felicity and Success with y r Assembly. I rem'n, in Truth, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't h'ble ser\'t. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR MORRIS. June i8th, [1755]. Sir : Y'rs of the 2d Curr't I rec'd from Mr. Hunter. I have a Letter from the Gen'l to the Purport of w't he wrote to You with an Addit' n, to send Men to Fort Cumberland to defend it ag'st any Surprize, as he intended to take all the effective men from y't Fort with him. Our Assembly meets on Tuesday next, w' n I shall make proper Applicat' n to be enabled to do w't he desires. I hope You will meet Y'r Assembly in good DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 69 Temper, and I agree to pay ys of the Charge (if the Gen'l succeeds in tak'g the Fort at the Ohio). He wih have at least 200 Men in it; their Pay, with Provis's, will be a considerable daily Expence. I have ordered lo Pss. of Cannon, with all their Appurtenances, to be sent to Fort Cumberl'd, and from thence to the Ohio. Provis's for the Soldiers will be much wanting, w'ch I conceive You may easily supply from Y'r Province. Pray write me the result of y'r Assembly, and w't Dependence may be on the Supply of Provis's. I wish you Health and Success in Y'r Applicat' n, and am. Sir, Y'r most humble serv't. Names of officers belong' g to the three Regim'ts in N. Sco tia, viz't: Capt. Floyer, Ct L't Lee, L't Coltman, L't Gould, of Colo. Hopson' s Regim't; L't Dugdale, En. Crosby, En. Wright, En. Lee, of Warburton's Regim't; Ct. Stone, L't Allen, En. Archbold, of Gen'l Lassell's Regim't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO SIR THOS. ROBINSON. June 23d, [1755.J R't Hon.: Inclos'd is Copy of my last of the 6th Curr't. Since y't I have rec'd a Let'r from Gen'l B — k, from F't Cumberl'd, advis'g me of his march'g from y't Fort the loth of y's Mo. over the Allegany Mount's. I hope by y's Time he is near the Enemy, and that his next Letter will give Acc't of his being in Possess' n of their Fort. He has desir'd me to provide Guns, Amunit'n, &c., for y't Fort if he sh'd succeed in taking it (w'ch I do not in the least doubt of). I have accordingly ordered 10 Cannon, with their Appurtenances, to F't Cumb'l'd, from thence to be transported to the Ohio on his Orders, and I ara en deavour' g to provide necessary Provis's for the Men y't he may leave in the Fort; he says he will carry all the Train of Artillery with him up the Ohio. I have reason to think by y's Time y't the Forces intended for Niagara are on their March from N. York and probably the Gen'l with his Forces may join them at Niagara after he has reduc'd the Forts on River Buef and y't 70 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. on Lake Erie. I sincerely wish Success to all his Operat's. In my last I wrote You y't there was, from the best Intelligence we c'd procure, ab't 500 Fr. besides Ind's on the Ohio; since y't I am informed y't they have reinforc'd them with 700 Men, but very few of them are Regulars, but press' d Men from their Families and I am further inform'd y't there are not above 300 regulars in ah Canada, so y't if our different Squadrons pre vent their sending any Forces from Brest, I have great reason to hope y't y's Sumer' s Campaign will be able to confine the Enemy to the narrow Bounds of Canada, and the more certain it will be if Co. Johnston prevails with the Six Nat's to take up the Hatchet ag'st the Fr. The So'ern Ind's promis'd to send a No. of their Warriors to join our Forces on the Ohio, but unluckily many of the Chiefs were gone to Cha's Town, So. Caro. on some affairs. Mr. Glen, the G'r, writes me he will do all in his Power to perswade them to send a No. of their War riors to join our Forces. The Gen'l has about 150 with him with the Half King Monecatoocha, and I hope the Gen' I's next Let'r will be dated from the Fort on the Ohio. I have Acc't from New York y't they are prepar' g the Forces intended ag'st Crown Point; they wanted Arms. I sent them from y's 1300 Stand of Arms, Bayonets and Cartouch Boxes, w'ch has reduc'd our Magazine to 250. 2,000 Men are gone from N. Eng. for Nova Scotia. From the several Disposit'ns and Operat's I think we have reason to expect Success. I shall keep You duly advis'd of every Thing y't may occur and I have the Hon'r to assure You y' t I rem' n with great Deference and due respects, R't Hon., Y'r most ob'd't and faithful h'ble serv't. ^ the Concord, Capt Thos. Boynton. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE LORDS OF TRADE. June 23d, [1755]- R T Hon. : Annex'd is Copy of my last, the 6th Curr't, to w'ch I pray to be refer'd. Since my last I have a Let'r from Gen'l B k from F't Cumb'l'd, on Will's Creek, advis'g me y't he DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 71 marches the loth of y's Mo. with the last Divis'n of his Army over the Alleg'y Mount's for the River Ohio. I think his Army consists of 3,000 Men, and from the best Intelligence I can have, the Fr. have reinforced their Men on the Ohio w'th 700, so y't their Forces there are ab't 1,200 Men, besides Ind's; y't I am in great hopes Gen'l B k will soon retake the Fort they took from us last Sumer, and y't his next Ltt'r will be dated from y't Fort. If our different Squadrons ofhis M'y's Navy pre vent any reinforcem't from France to Canada, I expect y's Sumer' s Campaign will confine the Fr. to narrow Bounds and protect his M'y's Lands on y's Cont't from any future Invas's. I wish Success may attend all the Gen' I's Operat's, and I beg Leave to assure You I am with great Deference and Dutiful Re spects, Y'r L'd's most ob'd't and faithful humble serv't. GOV. DINWIDDIE TO THE LORDS OF THE TREASURY. June 23d, [1755]. R't Hon. : Annex'd is Copy of my last, to w'ch please be refer'd, and enclos'd You have Copy of the Rec'r Gen' I's Acc't of the 2s. ^ Hh'd on Tob'o, in Case of the Miscarriage of the former. I have a Let'r from Gen'l Braddock from F't Cumb'l'd acquaint'g me ofhis march'g with the last Division ofhis Forces over the All'y Mount's for the Ohio the loth of y's Mo., and I am much of Opinion y't he will soon be able to retake the Fort the Fr. took from us last Sumer. I believe his whole Forces will amo. to 3,000, and from the best Intelhgence I can have the Enemy are not above 1,200, besides the Ind's, and if our differ ent Squadrons prevent any Reinforcements from France I have good Reason to hope y's Sumer' s Campaign will confine the Fr. to the barren Rocks of Canada and protect H. M'y's Lands on y's Cont't from any future Invasions. I heartily wish Suc cess to the Gen' I's Operat's, and I beg Leave to assure Y'r L'ds. y't I rem'n, with great Deference and dutiful Respects, R't Hon. Y'r L'ds. most ob'd't and faithful h'ble serv't 72 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE EARL OF HALIFAX. June 23d, 1755. R't Hon.: My last to Y'r L'ds. was the 6th of y's Mo., to w'ch I pray to be refer'd. Since y't I have a Let'r from Gen'l B— k frora F't Cumb'l'd, acquaint'g me y't marches the loth of y's Mo. with the last Division of his Army, w'ch I think is near 3,000 Men. The Fr. have reinforc'd their Men on the Ohio with 700, so y't their Numb's there are not above 1,200 besides their Ind's. I, therefore, think the Gen'l wih meet with no great Difficulty in retak'g the Fort they took from us last Sumer. He intends, ifhe succeeds in tak'g y't Fort, to go up the River Ohio to take the Fort on River Beef and y't on Lake Erie. I believe the Forces intended for Niagara are on their March be fore y's Time, and the 5,000 Men intended for Crown Point were to rendezvous at N. York. The Gov'r wrote me he was in great want of Arms. I sent him and the Colony of the Jer seys from y's, 1,300 Small Arms, Cartouch Boxes, Bayonets, &c., w'ch has reduc'd our Magazine to 250 Arms. 2,000 Men are erabark' d above a Mo. ago frora N. Eng'd for Nova Scotia. If the different Plans of Operat's take Place and succeed, I doubt not y's Sumer' s Campaign will confine the Fr. on y's Cont't to narrow bounds, if they have no Reinforcem'ts from Fr. , w'ch I hope the different Squadrons of H. M'y's Nav}- will prevent. The N. Eng' d People behave with a fine martial spirit while the other Colonies are very backw'd and unactive, and are not to be argued into a Sense of their Danger. Our Assembly meets To-morrow, w'n I shall endeav'r to bring them to a due sense of their Duty, but I much doubt Success, they are so very infatuated and narrow in their Tho'ts, pretend' g great Frugality to ingratiate themselves with their Constituents y't I am heartily weary of their unjust Argum'ts at y's Time of Danger. From the best Informat'n, the whole Gov't of Canada cannot count above 20,000 Men, w'ch is a Trifle to the British Colonies on y's Cont't, and am convinc'd if they w'd join with the same Spirit as the People of N. Eng'd, we sh'd very soon be able to ex punge the Fr. from y's Cont't, or at least to confine them to very narrow Bounds, but the People here seem to me to be infatuated and inactive for their own Preservat'n. I assure Y'r dinwiddie papers. 73 L'ds. I am much concern'd, and really uneasy in presiding over a People of such indolence and inconsistent Notions. However, I shall do all in my Power to bring them to a more just way of think' g, and endeavour w't I can to support y's just Expedit'n; and I beg Leave to assure You y't I am with great Deference and due respect Y'r L'ds' p's most ob'd't and faithful humble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO JAMES ABERCROMBY, ESQ. June 23d, 1755. Sir : My last to You was the 6th Curr't, to w'ch be refer'd. Since y't I have Y'rs of the 30th Mar. and 17th Apr. I am sorry I have no Direct' s ab't the Quit Rents, as many Patents lie in the Office, till I have Instruct's therein. My Fatigue is very little lessen' d on Gen'l B — k's arrival. He march'd the loth of y's Mo. with the last Divis'n of his Army over the Alle'y Mount's for the Ohio, and I wish him all possible Suc cess. He and I live in great Harmony, and I think hira a very fine officer. I have Mr. Sharpe's Acc't, and must wait a proper Time to prevail with the Council to pay it. The Instruct's You send me Copy of carae to ray hands some Mo's ago, and am doing the necessary therein. As to the Drawback on German Linen I shall leave to the Legislature, not know'g how the Ministry incline therein. Y'r Let'r to the Council I shaU d'r in two Day's Time, w'n they meet in a Body. Y'r Let's are very difficult to read. I wish they were more fair Writ'g. Enclos'd You have my Second of Excha. for Y'r Salary till last Apr. for fear of Miscarriage. I wish You Health and Happiness, And am. Sir, Y'r af hurable serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR SHIRLEY. June 24th, 1755. Sir : Y'r Let'r of the 9th June came to my Hands last Week ; the Messenger (Bennett) was taken Sick on the Road and is 74 dinwiddie papers. out of Order here, w'ch detains him five days. The Gen' I's first sett of Lett's I sent as directed by Ship Concord, Jno. Boyinton, M[aste]r, who sails To-morrow. The Duplicates shall be sent bythe next Vessell y't Sails, w'ch will be next Week. I put the Let's in a Box cas'd with Lead and gave the M'r Orders to throw them overboard in case he sh'd be in dan ger of being taken by the Eneray. I am very glad the Gen'l sent the Bihs to Phila' a, and shall follow his desire w'n the other 2,000;^ comes frora So. Car. Please pres't my kind Re spects to the Gen'l, and acqu't him y't I have ordered lo Can non, with their Appurtenances to Rock Creek, with 24 b'ls of Rice, frora thence to be carried to Conegacheeg, from thence to F't Cumberl'd. I shall write to G'r Sharpe to procure Wag gons to convey thera there. I hope Colo. Innes will behave properly in the Com'd of F't Cumb'l'd. I think he is an indus trious, active Man. If every Thing is wanting for the Expedit'n that's in my Power, I shall very readily give my Assistance, and wish to have had Direct' s w't is most want'g. Y'r Let'r of the loth of June acquaints me of Y'r leav'g F't Cumberl'd in an Hour. I heartily wish You an agreeable March and Success in tak'g the Fort, w'ch I do not doubt of, and I hope Y'r next Let'r will be from y't Place. I cannot see any Inconveniency in Y'r not mention'g the Pres't I was to supply the Gen'l for the Ind's, as You will acqu't Y'r Father of my Compliance there with. My sincere Wishes attend You. Health and Success to the Gen'l, and I rem'n with kind Respects, Dear Sir, Y'r affec. h'ble Serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO CAPTAIN ORME. June 24th, [1755- J D'r Sir: Y'r's of the 7th Curr't, I rec'd only last Week, and it always gives me much Pleasure to hear from You. The Gen'l's Warmth in his Let'r did not effect me, only I did not think proper to shew [it to] the Council. I am well satisfied [that] he met with many Disappointm'ts in his March, for w'ch I was heartily sorry, but as he has surmounted them all and [is] on dinwiddie papers. 75 his March -to the Ohio, I sincerely wish him and You Health and Success ag'st our inveterate Enemies, and I hope Y'r next Let'r will be frora the F't on the Ohio. I sh'd be glad [if] You had been raore explicit in regard to forra'g a proper Magazine at F't Cumberl'd; every Thing in my Power shall be done with great Alacraty. I have frequently wrote to G'r Dobbs for Beeves to be drove to that Place, and he writes me y't he has given strong Direct' s therein, and hope there is a No. now on the Road for y't Place. If any Th'g else is want'g pray write me, and I shall endeavour to comply with w't ever you Desire. I think Flour will be best procur'd frora Pensylva'a. Inclos'd You have two Let's w'ch carae to my Hands two Days ago. Pray God protect You all and grant Success to our just Ex pedit'n. My Wife and two Girls join me in sincere respects to the Gen'l and You, and be assur'd I rem'n in great Truth, Worthy Sir, Y'r affect, humble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL INNES. June 24th, [1755. J Sir: I now congratulate You on being appointed G'r of F't Cumb'l'd. I wish You had told me the No. of Men the Gen'l left with You and if I sh'd send You some more Men. Y'r Acc'ts shall be sent to No. Car. as soon as I have a little Time. I have p'd since my last, for Your Acc't, 2i_^ to Mr. Hunter for Ct Deraere' s Note, and [^]7i, 17. 7. to Maj'r Carlyle for Y'r Order to him on Colo. Hunter, w'ch I shall debit Y'r Acc't with, and I hope in settle' g with Carlyle, You charg' d him with 100 b'ls of Pork he had from Colo. Hunter. I ara very glad the Gen'l is raarch' d, and hope he will have Success in tak'g the Fort, and that his next Let'r may be dated from y't Place. You may be assur'd of my Int't in backing the Gen'l's Applicat' n Home in Y'r Favo. I think You can have no Money to pay the Gen'l out of the [^] 12, 000 of No. Car. w't may rem'n of y't I conceive must be in the President's or Pay M'r's Hands, and I think You sh'd have wrote pointedly on y't Sub- 76 dinwiddie papers. ject, as the G'r is an entire Stranger to these Transact' s. I shaU write them properly to allow You los. f, Day, w'ch, I hope, they wiU not object to, and I am endeavour' g with our Committee to get You a proper Allowance for Y'r great Trouble. That Health and Happiness may attend You is the sincere Wish of Y'r affec. Fr'd and humble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE CHEROKEE AND CA TAWBA INDIANS. To the Chief Warriors and Great Men of the Town of Coitee Tenasse and the other Towns of the 'Warlike Nation of the Cherokees and the Warriors and Great Men of the Ca tawba Nation of Indians, Y'r Bro., the Gov'r of 'i/irg' a, wisheth You much Health and Happiness. I have rec'd a Let'r forwarded me by Mr. Richard Pearis, in w'ch You ment'n the rec'g a Let'r by the Hands of one Mr. Gist, invit'g You to join our Forces on the Ohio to drive the Fr. from Y'r hunt'g Grounds on the Ohio. That Messenger was sent from our Army y't is now march'd tothe Ohio with a great Gen'l corae from Y'r Father, the King of G. B., to defeat the Designs of the Fr. in tak'g Y'r Lands with't Your Consent. If You send any of Y'r Warriors there ag'st Your Eneraies and ours, it will be very agreeable. Your com'g in to meet me will not be proper at y's Time, as I am fully engag'd in send'g proper Supplies to our Forces on the Ohio, and am straitened in get'g Provis's for them, so y't it's not in my Power to meet You at y's Time, but I think some of Y'r Warriors may sooner go to the Ohio than come here, and there you will meet with proper Supplies. You may be assur'd y't I shah always retain a firm Respect and true Lo\e to You and Y'r Nat's, and I accordingly subscribe myself Y'r lov'g Bro. Given under my hand and Seal y's 26th Day of June, 1755. dinwiddie papers. 77 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO RICHARD PEARIS. June 26th, 1755. Sir : I rec'd Y'r Let'r of the 25th of May, with a Message, You say, from the Cherokee Ind's, &c. Their com'g here at y's Time is very improper, and inconvinient to me, as I am har- rass'd in send'g Necessaries to our Army on the Ohio; there fore I desire You will prevent their com'g in to me, but if they incline to send any of their Warriors to the Ohio, it will be very agreeable to join our Forces. I cannot help observ'g, if it had not been the unseasonable and disagreeable Difference between You and Gist, I ara fully of Opinion they w'd, according to former Promise, have sent some of their Warriors long before now to join our Forces. Ah Quarrels and Disputes between private Persons sh'd subside w'n the Public Service requir'd the assistance of the Cherokees and Catawbas. I will not now undertake to say who was in the Fault, but am convinc'd Y'r private Disputes is the only Reason they did not join our Forces. You are therefore to divert their coming in here, as I am not able at pres't to give them a Meet'g, forthe Reasons above. I wish You Health, and am. Sir, Y'r most humble serv't. The enclos'd is an answer to the Message sent me by the Cherokees and Catawbas, w'ch pray forw'd. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GENERAL BRADDOCK. June 28th, 1755. Sir : I enclose You a second Packet from G'r Glen, with Bills of Exa. paya. to You for 2,ooo_^. I observe there is but one single Bill drawn by Jacob LeRoy for 300^, and two Bills of Nath'l and Alex'r Broughton for 400^, and two Bills of Austin Lawrence for [;^]233, 16. 10., whereas there sh'd be three of each, for fear of any one's miscarrying. They were brought me, and now forw'd by Ct Shaw, the gentleman recomended 78 dinwiddie papers. to Y'r Ex'y by his royal Highness, the Duke," w'ch gave me much Pleasure, as I hope he will be a very useful Person on the Expedit'n. I have ordered lo Cannon and their Appurtenances to Rock Creek, with some Rice and Flour, to be convey'd to F't Cumb'l'd to be at Y'r Cora'd, and I shall endeavour all in my Power to send w't Provis's I can to y't Place, to be forw'd to the F't on the Ohio, w'ch Fort I hope is in y'r Possess'n ere y's reaches Y'r hands. I have Let's from Londo. of the 29th April, w'ch Day H. M'y left St. James's for Hanover. His royal High's, the Duke, is appointed at the head ofthe regency dur'g his absence. The Ministry were alarm'd at y't Time with a report of 22 Sail of French Ships sail'd from France to the Western Coast of Inl'd, with a considerable No. of Forces to make a Descent on y't Kingdom — y't Adm'ls Hawke** and Boscawen" were sail'd after them. If true, I hope they will give ^' Duke of Cumberland. ^*Lord Edward Hawke, son of a member of the English bar, en tered the royal navy at an early age as a midshipman, and was ap pointed, in 1734, to the command ofthe Wolf, serving with credit under Mathews, Lestock, Rowley, etc. Being promoted to the command of a squadron, in 1747, he fell in with the French fleet, which he totally de feated, taking six large ships of the line. For this service he was pre sented with the vacant red ribbon and promoted to be Vice-Admiral of the blue. In 1759, being then Vice-Admiral of the white, he was sent in pursuit of the Brest fleet, which he came up with off Belle-isle, and gave the enemy a second defeat. These successes were rewarded with a pension of ;^2,ooo, voted him by Parliament, and in 1765 he reached at length the head of his profession, being appointed Vice-Admiral of Great Britain, and First Lord ofthe Admiralty. In 1776 he was further advanced to a seat in the House of Lords, but survived this accession of dignity but little more than four years, dying at Shepperton, county Middlesex, in the Autumn of 1784. ''^Edward Boscawen, second son of Hugh, \'iscount Falmouth, was born in 1711, and having entered the royal navy early in life, was ap pointed in 1740 to the Shoreham, in the command of which vessel he distinguished himself at Porto Bello and at Carthagena, where he stormed a battery at the head of a part of his crew. In 1744 he was promoted to the Dreadnou.^ht, a sixty gun ship, in which he took the Media, commanded by M. Hocquart. Three years afterwards he sig nalized himself under Anson, at the battle of Cape Finisterre, in which action he again captured his former antagonist, Hocquart, who had been exchanged. Towards the close of the same year he was raised to the dinwiddie papers. 79 a good Acc't of them. The Warlike Preparat's at Home, both for Land and Sea Service, are carried on with great Spirit. Y's is all the News my Let's contain. I wish y'r Ex'y much Health and Success in the Execut' n of every part of the Plan of Operat's concerted. And be assur' d I rem' n with great Esteem and in Truth Y'r Ex's most ob'd't h'ble serv't. [P. S.] [I] gave Ct Shaw a Let'r to Co. Innes to desire his best Assist'ce to forw'd him to the Army. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO MAJOR CARLYLE. Ab't June 28th, 1755. Sir: I answ'd Mr. Mason's Let'r by Mr. Alexander, and sent him a Bill of Excha. for the Goods sent to the Gen'l. I suppose in the Acc't of Provis's rera'g with You, You did not mention the Irish Beef, &c. This Sloop carries up some Cannon, &c., to Rock Creek to be conveyed to Fort Cumb'l'd. On her re- rank of rear admiral, and dispatched with a squadron to the East Indies. There, though failing in an attempt on the settlement of Pon dicherry, he succeeded in making himself Master of Madras, and re turned to England, where, during the ensuing peace, he obtained a seat atthe Admiralty board. In 1755 he again sailed for North America, and in an action with a French squadron the evil fortune of M. Hocquart compelled him a third time to strike to the conqueror, who had singularly enough subdued him twice before. On this occasion two ships of the line fell into his hands. In 1758, in conjunction with Lord Amherst, who commanded the land forces, he succeeded in reducing Louisbourg and Cape Breton; and the year following, having then the command in the Mediterranean, pursued the Toulon fleet under De la Clue through the Straits of Gib raltar, and coming up with it in Lagos Bay, completely defeated it, burning two ships, and taking three. For these services he received the thanks of Parliament, and ^3,000 a year vi^ith the rank of General of Marines, in 1760. He did not long enjoy his honors, but died Janu ary, 1761, of a bilious fever. He had married, at about the age of thirty, the daughter of W. E. GlanviUe, Esq., and sat in the parliament as member for Truro in his native county. 80 dinwiddie papers. turn I desire You will send fifty Suits of the Clothing, viz't: Coat, Breech's, Shoes, Stock's, Shirt, Hatt, and get them pack'd up in a Chest or h'h'd. I wish You c'd get Waggons to carry the Flour, Pork and Beef to Fort Cumb'l'd, if You think by Conegacheeg to be the best way; I leave it to You. I wish You a speedy Recovery and a Confirmat'n of Y'r Health. I am, S'r, Y'r very humble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL INNES. July 4th, 1755. Sir : I wrote You so lately y' t I desire to be refer' d to my former [letter]. Y'rs of i8th June I received only two Days ago. Y'r Situat' n, with so many Women and sick People, is not very agreeable. I shall endeavour very soon to send You forty or fifty Men, as we are inform'd some Parties of Ind's appear'd on our Frontiers and y't of M'yl'd and coramitted sorae Murders. I have laid the InteUigence before the Ho. of Burgesses, and am in hopes they will qualifie me to repell their Designs. I find Mr. Walker charges 100^ p'd You, w'ch I did not know, as You wrote he had no Money. I sent the last ;^i20. Pray advise me how I am to charge y't Sum. I now send You 49 oz. 13 [penny] w't 6 gr. Gold for the two Bills of 20o[;£] on Colo. Hunter, w'ch I wish safe to Y'r Hands. It comes by Mr. Boyd accord'g to Y'r desire. I hope the Gen'l is in Possess'n of the Fort by y's Tirae. I ara concern'd the Ind's by direct' n of the Fr. sh'd insult us so near Y'r Fort, and v't You have not Men to chastize them. Pray God protect You and grant us a happy Issue of y's just Expedit'n. I sincerely am, S'r, Y'r aff Friend, &c. P. S. — If any Droves of Cattle for the Army, if possible send an Escort with them. If my L'd Fairfax apphes to You for Arms, Ammunition, &c., I pray [you] supply him. dinwiddie papers. 81 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO CAPTAIN ROBERT STEUART. July 4th, 1755. Sir : I rec'd Y'r Let'r of 17th June, and the behav'r of Y'r Lieut., Mr. Mercer, is not consist't with the Hon'r of an Officer, and I am much surpriz'd he wanted to make Money from the Pur chase of the Horses; the reverse is usual; y't the Officers in the Horse Service are allowed a cert'n sum, but their Horse always costs more than their Allowance, w' ch they pay out of their own Pockets ; but You say he has left the Troop and gone into the Fort. You are to have a Court Martial at a proper Time, and I think he sh'd be broke and dismiss'd the Service. An officer is not to choose for himself; he had Money from me to recruit, which he has not acc't'd for, and I fear he is an idle young Gent'n. No doubt w'n you come to Act'n the Gen'l will agree to Y'r fight'g on Foot. I wish a successful Campaign, and I rem'n. Sir, Y'r Friend, &c. P. S. It's a monstrous Fatigue for Mr. Boyd to come monthly for pay of J:he Forces, and the public Money coraes in very slow. If You and the other officers can prevail with the Men to delay, their Pay till Oct'r the Pay M'r will have Money then to pay them three Months, w'ch will be equal if not better for them, as they can have no Dem'd for Money till y't Time. If they sh'd want some little Supplies from the Suttlers You may give them a small Cr. with them and engage to see them pa'd. GOVERNOR DINVHDDIE TO GENERAL BRADDOCK. July 4th, 1755. Sir: I wrote You by Mr. Shaw, to w'ch please be refer'd. Since y't I rec'd a Let'r from L'd Fairfax and another from Mr. Mar tin, copy of w'ch I here enclose You, by w'ch You may observe 82 dinwiddie papers. a No. of Fr. and Ind's got into our Frontiers and have plun der' d and murder'd several Families; y's is consist't with Y'r Let'r to me. On receipt thereof I order'd the Militia to be in readiness in Case of a Surprize, but am sorry to say they are very ungovernable. I have order'd two Companies of Rangers to be imediately rais'd, each Co'y to be 50 effective Men, to find out the Enemy who lurk in the Woods all Day and do w't Mischief they can in the Night, but am in hopes by Diligence the above Corapanies will be liable to reduce them. They are a mix ture of Fr. and Ind's, and they comit the most barbarous Mur ders and destroy every Thing they meet with. This Step I presume was introduced to give a Diversion to Y'r Forces, but I hope before y's You have taken and [are] in Possess'n of the Fort, and I expect we shall be able to drive the Enemy from our Frontiers. The last Acc't I had, was y't they were near F't Cumberl'd, but I dare say they wih not attack y't. I have order'd 50 Men to re-inforce Colo. Innes, and I wrote Gov'r Sharpe to supply the like No. of Men I order'd to be rais'd for y't service, are not yet corapleat, but with all possible Diligence I shah send thera to him. 1 wish the the Cattle y't are driv'g to Y'r Camp may escape the Eneray. I order'd the Mihtia to convoy them, but they are a stubborn parcel of People, y't I can not have a proper Dependence upon them. I wrote L'd Fair fax w'n any droves of Cattle for the Army, y't he sh'd send some of the Rangers to convoy them over the Mount's. Our Assembly has voted [;^]io,ooo more [to] the Expedit'n but the rais'g the Money under their Acts is not only precarious but tedious; y't for an imediate Supply the Money is not Coin'd and the Scarcity of y't Comodity makes it impossible to borrow on the Fund. I wish Y'r Ex'y much Health and a happy suc cessful Campaign. With great Esteem, I am Sir, Y'r most ob'd't h'ble serv't dinwiddie papers. Ho GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO LORD FAIRFAX. July 4th, 1755. Sir: Y'r Let'r of the 28th June I have before me, and I am greatly concern'd for the Treatm't our frontier Settlers meet with from a barbarous, murder' g Banditti. I det'd the Express two Days to lay Y'r and Mr. Martin's Let's before the Assem bly. They have qualified me to raise two Companies of Rangers, each of 50 Men, for the Protect' n, of our Frontiers, to be p'd by the Co' try, and enclos'd I send two Comiss'ns for the Capt's, and two for the Lieut's, and I doubt not You will be able very soon to raise them, and w't Pay you engage to give them shall be allow'd, and if You think one of the Companies sh'd be Horse, I refer y't to You and Mr. Martin, with whora pray con sult, and I hope these Compa's will be able to drive the Enemy from our Frontiers; if not. You are to raise the Mihtia of Fred erick and Hampshire, and on occasion to send lo the neigh bour' g Counties for their Assistance. On y's Occasion the Militia are to March any where to attack the Enemy. Frx)m their barbarous Conduct I think they deserve no Mercy. I ara of Opinion their coming into the Inhabitants was with a View to make a Diversion to our Army, and probably may not stay long; however, they sh'd be pursued till they are reduced, and I hope Y'r L'dship will give Order accordingly, y't they may be destroy'd with good Spirit. If You cannot raise the two Companies voluntarily. You must make a Draught from the Militia, y't on y's Occas'n there may be no Delay, and I hope You will give the Commiss's to Gent, of Spirit y't will discharge the Duty with Care, Activity and Diligence. My Lord, Upon such Occasions as y's. You are to exert Y'rself to the utmost to destroy the Enemy, and at y's Distance [I] cannot give Direct' s on every Occurrence, therefore, I now desire Y'r L'ds. to do w't ever You see proper, and it shah meet with my Approbat'n. If any Arms, Powder, Shott [are] at Winchester, pray make use ofit, giving the Person in whose Possess'n it is a Receipt for w't You take, if none, or not sufficient at y't Place, pray send Y'r Order to Colo. Innes, who has my Direct' s to Supply You. And I think there are Provis's at Winchester, w'ch You may also Com'd, shew'g y's Let'r to the Store keeper. I entreat 84 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. Y'r L'ds. will imediately put the foremention'd Orders in execu'n y't we may succeed in defeat' g the wicked designs of our Ene mies is the sincere wish of Y'r L'ds. most ob'd't h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COL. THOMAS BRYAN MARTIN. July 4th, 1755. Sir : I rec'd Y'r Let's of the 27th and 29th Ult'o, and they give me very great Concern to think our People on the Fron tiers are so much harrass'd by such Numb's of Banditti and so cruelly murder'd by a villainous Enemy I am of Opinion y't there are many Fr — h join'd with the Ind's under y's Situat'n. The only Thing I can at pres't do is y't I have sent to my L'd Fairfax two Comis' s. for Capt's, with Orders y't my Lord, with Y'r advice, may raise from the Militia two Compa's of Rangers, ¦each 50 Men, and if any Guns and Amunit'n is at Winchester, You may com'd it for the Service. If none there, pray apply to Colo. Innes for a proper Supply, w'n Y'r Compa's shall be p'd by the Co'try. My Lord and You may agree with them on the best Terms You can, and the Cha's shall be duly p'd. Y's is all y't I think can be done now. I am surpriz'd Lord Fair fax sh'd scruple in march'g the Militia out of Frederick Cty. They sh'd march anywhere to oppress and subdue the Enemy. Capt. Simpson's behaviour is very base. I think You sh'd take his Com'o. from him, if You ihink proper at y's Time Jno. Sib ley, the Miller, is greatly to blame and sh'd be punish'd His License for keeping an Ordinary pray take it from him and order the Grain in his Mill to be made use of for the Service, and I believe there are some Provis's in Winchester belong'g to the Public. You may take w't is wanted, giving a Rec'pt to the Person who has the Custody of it. I think You will have no Difficulty in rais'g 100 Men in the frontier Counties, as they are to be p'd by the Co'try, and you are the best Judge if one of the Compa's sh'd consist of Horse, w'ch please consult my L'd thereon. I am convinc'd You will have great Trouble, but am DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 85 of Opinion these Robbers and Murderers will not remain any Time after You have rais'd the two Compa's of Rangers, w'ch, if You sh'd find are not sufficient to suppress them, My Lord, and You must raise the Mihtia in Frederick and Hampshire, and write the neighbour' g Counties for their Assistance, w'ch they are order'd to comply with on such Occasions. Y'r Ex press was detain' d two Days till I was quahfied to raise the Rangers as above. I sincerely wish You Health and Success ag'st those villainous Murderers. I am, with very great Re spect, Sir, Y'r most h'ble serv't. P. S. — If any droves of Cattle [are] going to the Army, pray send an Escort of Rangers with them to protect them from the Enemy. Same to L'd Fairfax. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO ALEX. BOYD, PAY-MASTER. July 4th, [I755-] Sir: After You arrive at the Army and pay the Virg'a Forces for the Mo. of June, If the settlers will furnish You with Money to pay them for the Mo. of July, You may draw on me payable in Oct'r for the s'd Sum, w'ch shall be p'd by. Sir, Y'r Fr'd, &c. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR SHARPE. July 5th, 1755. Sir: Two Days ago I rec'd an Express from L' d Fairfax and Mr. Martin acquaint'g me of two Parties of Ind's and Fr. amo'g together to ab't r30 Men appear'd on our Frontiers; y't they had destroy'd nine Families, plundered and burnt every Thing they met with, w'ch corresponds with the Let'r the Gen'l for- 86 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. merly wrote; on Rec't of y't Let'r I wrote to our Co'ty Lieut's on the Frontiers to keep Patrolers out and on Sight of any No. of Fr. to raise the Militia and alarm the neighbour' g Counties to do the same, but from w't I can underst'd the People in Hampshire and Frederick are seized with a Pannick and do not answ'r my Expectat's. I therefore have order'd two Companies of Rangers to be rais'd under the Cora'd of proper Officers to destroy these Banditti, and I shall very soon order two more Companies to protect the Frontiers of Augusta, Frederick and Hampshire, and endeavour' g to raise fifty more to reinforce Colo. Innes at Fort Cumberl'd, as I unders'd an Express was sent to You. I hope Y'r Assembly will qualifie You to raise Men to defeat the Designs of these murdering People, and to reinforce Colo. Innes, who I fear, has but few Men fit to do Duty, and if Your People are not infatuated and deaf to their own Preservat' n, they will strengthen Y' r Hands on these gross Insults on their Brother Subjects. I send y's Express to know what Step You propose to take on y's urgent Occasion. Our Assembly has voted io,ooO;^ more for the Service of the Ex pedl' n, and qualifie me to raise 200 Men for Protect' n of the Frontiers. They propose a Land Tax of is. St'r or i5d on each 100 acres of Land, and i5d. on each tithable Negroe, and 10 ^ Ct more on all Negroes Imported." These Sums are not sufficient for the present Dem'ds and for conduct' g the Expedi'n for the future, but I c'd not possibly prevail with them for a larger Supply. I hope the Gen'l by y's Time is in Possession of the Fort, and I beheve these People y't infest our Frontiers were sent from the Fort in order to make the Divers' n, think' g the Gen'l w'd send some of his Forces ag'st them, but I am of Opinion if You are enabled to raise some Men bv way of Rangers with those I have ordered may be sufficient to drive these Mur derers from our Frontiers, and I think they deserve no Mercy after their barbarous robbing and killing the poor People in cold Blood. Pray write me w't Y'r Assembly has done or pro pose to do. Inclosed I send You Bill of Excha. for ;^i72, 16. St'r, which pays the Balla. of Y'r Acc't and Y'r Pay for the Time You have been absent from Y'r Gov't on H. M'y's Service. It was lucky I had money from Home to pay You, for our Comit- "Hening vi., pp. 522, 523. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 87 tee w'd not pass the Acc't, and the extravagant Charge of Capt. Poison's is not allow'd, or do I know how to come at the Money. He charges more y'n the Establishm't. I am extremely un easy for the poor People on our Frontiers, as these Banditti will undoubtedly go along the Frontiers of both our Gov'ts and plunder' g and murder' g our People. I am send'g w't I can to support them. I have order'd lo Cannon and 20 bis. of Rice to Rock Creek. I must desire You will, at a proper Time, order Waggons to carry them to Conneegocheeg, frora thence to be carried to Fort Cumb'l'd, Y't if the Gen'l succeeds in tak'g the Fort these Cannon are design'd to be mounted there, and I do not doubt You will give the necessary Direct' s for transport' g of them, and send Y' r Orders to the Store Keeper at Rock Creek to receive and take Care of them. There are two trunks be long'g to one Capt. Shaw y't go with them; please order they may be taken Care of and forward' d with the Guns. I give You the trouble of the enclosed Let's, w'ch please forward im mediately, as they are on the Affairs of the Expedit'n, if no Opp'ty, it will be Kind if You send them by Express. I entreat You will write me fuhy, and w'n You heard from the Camp. I wish You Health, and an happy Agreem't with Y'r Assembly, and believe me to be, with great Truth, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't h'ble serv't. P. S. — The Colony of So. Caro. has voted 6,000^ St'r for the Expedit'n, and I have sent the Bills of Excha. to Gen'l Brad dock. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR MORRIS. July 5th, 1755. Sir: I am sorry I have Occasion to acqu't You y't two Parties of Fr. and Ind's to the amo. of 130 Men are come into the Frontiers of y's Dom'n and M'yl'd. They have already de- destroy' d nine Families; they burn and destroy all they come up with. This corresponds with the Gen'l's Let'r wrote some OB DINWIDDIE PAPERS. Time since to you and me; on receipt thereof I wrote to the Lieut's of the Counties on the Frontiers to keep Patrolers out, and w'n they saw any No. of Fr. or Ind's to raise the Mihtia andto alarm the neighbour'g Counties to do the same, but I have reason to think the People are seiz' d with a Pannick, other wise they might easily suppress y' t few in No. , who, I believe, are sent by way of Diversion, think'g the Gen'l w'd probably send sorae of his Forces after them, but he knows better. I have now ordered two Companies of Rangers, consist' g of 50 Men each, and shall very soon order two Companies more to protect our Frontiers, but as y's affects all the Colonies, I hope [your] Assembly will qualify You to raise some men for protect' g the poor People on the Frontiers of the different Gov'ts. In compliance with the Gen'l's desire, I have sent to Rock Creek ten Cannon to be carried to Connegocheeg, from thence to Fort Cumberl'd, Y't on the Gen'l's Success in tak'g the Fort on the Ohio, they may be transported there to be mount' d on y't Fort, w'ch, as it is propos'd, y't the support' g of that Fort (if taken) is to be at the Expence of Pennsylvania and M'yl'd and y's Dom'n. I, therefore hope Y'r People will readily agree to pay their Quota ofthe Charge, and enable You to send w't may be wanted for y't Service, and y't as our Danger increases by these Banditti invad'g our frontiers, plunder' g and murder' g our fellow Subjects, I hope Y'r People will be alarm'd and join M'yl'd and y's Colony in defeat' g the villainous Designs of these rascally murderers and robbers. It will give me much Pleasure to have a Line from You of Y'r Resolut' n to help and support us in driv'g these People from our Borders. Our As sembly have voted 10,000^ more towards conduct'g the Expe dit'n, and they enable me to raise 200 Men in four Companies to protect our Frontiers. These Supplies are not sufficient for the Services now enter'd on, but I do not prevail with them to grant more at y's Time. I shall be \-ery glad to hear of a per fect Reconcilem't between You and the Assembly. I hear the Gen'l was at the Great Meadows the 24th Ult'o, and I hope by y's Time he is in Possess'n of the Fort; if so, it lies with us to be very earnest with Dispatch to send proper Supplies for the People he may leave there, y't he may not be retarded in execut' g the further Plan of Operat's concerted at Alexa. We DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 89 have no late News from Engl' d whether War is declared. All my Let's say they think War is inevitable. Pray write me fully. I rem'n, with great Esteem and Respect, Y'r Hon's most ob'd't h'ble serv't P. S. — So. Caro. has voted 6,ooO;£ St'r for the Expedit'n. I have sent the Bills of Excha. to Gen'l Braddock. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR DeLANCEY. July 5th, 1755. Sir: Y'r Favo. of the loth June, I rec'd, and Y'r Bro. Oliver sent Bills of Excha. for the ist Cost of the Small Arms sent You. There was a little Charge in sending them from y's to the Sloop, but that may rem'n. The Gen'l got over the Mount's to the Little Meadows the 17th Ult'o and he reached the Great Meadows ab't the 22d. On the 27th two parties of Fr. and Ind's to the No. of 130 came into our frontier Settlem'ts in the County of Hampshire, and have murder'd nine Families, plunder' d and burnt all before them; for fear of this Step, a Mo. ago I order' d the Militia to be in readiness if any sh' d appear near our Settlem'ts, but I fear these People were seiz'd with a Pannick, y't they did not behave properly. I have now order'd two Companies of Rangers to go after them; they lurk in the Woods all Day and execute their Murders and Robberies in the Night. I fancy y's Detachm't frora the Fr, Fort was by way of diversion, think'g the Gen'l w'd send some of His forces after them, in w'ch they will be mistaken, as I hope ere y's he may be in Possess'n of their Fort and I expect with the Assistance of M'yl'd we shall soon drive these Banditti from our Borders. Our Assembly has voted a further Supply of 10,000^ for the Expedit'n and enabled me to raise 200 Men for Protect' n of our Frontiers ; y's seems but trifl'g to w't will be wanted, but c' d not prevail with them to grant any greater Supply. We are barren of News from Eng'd and still in an Uncertainty whether War is declar' d or not, my private Let' s say they think it unavoidable, if so, I suppose one of the King's Ships will be 90 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. sent out to give us Ace' t thereof I desire You will write how forw'd the Forces are for attack' g Niagara ; Whether Colo. Johnston prevailed with the Six Nat's to take up the Hatchet ; W t Success he had in his Embassy on delivering them the Pres't I have sent the Gen'l 6oO;^ in Goods for the So'ern Ind's. Pray are the Forces in any forwardness y't are design'd ag'st Crown Point? This late barbarous attack in our frontiers gives me great uneasiness, but I have order'd the Mihda of the three neighbour'g Counties to be rais'd and hope soon to give a good Ace' t of them if they are not ret' d to join the other Forces. Pray write me what News You have. I rem'n with very great Esteem and Respect, Y'r Hon's, Most ob'd't h'ble serv't. P. S. So. Caro. has voted 6,000^ St'r. for Service of the Expedit'n and I have sent the Bih of Excha. to Gen'l Brad dock. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR DOBBS. July 8th, 1755. Sir : I am now to acq't You the Gen'l was at the Great Meadows ab't the 24th ult'o, and there came frora the Fr. Camp near 150 French and Ind's to our Frontiers in Hampshire and Frederick Counties, and on Surprize have barbarously murder'd nine Families, carried some away Prisoners and robbed the poor People of everything they had. Y's News came from L'd Fair fax, and y's Day I had an Express from Augusta Co'ty, where another Party of these Miscreants had killed three Men and taken several away Prisoners with them. Our Assembly, now sitt'g, have given me by vote, 2,ooo_^ to guard the Frontiers from these Depredat's. I have in Consequence thereof order'd three Compa's of fifty Men each to be imediately rais'd. They have further voted 10, 000 _^ more for the Expedit'n, and 6oO;^ to raise 50 Men for Fort Cumberl'd. They have laid i5d. on every 100 Acres of Land and 2S. on every tithable Negroe, and 10 ^ DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 91 Ct more than former Duties on all Negroes imported, to be p'd by the purchaser. As Silver and Gold is very scarce they issue 20,000^ in Treasury Notes, to be discharg'd and p'd next June, and a Lottery for ^20,000 to be drawn next Dec'r.''" Y's is all I c'd bring them to. I am impatient to hear from Engl'd and from the Gen'l, hav'g had no Let's since my last to You. I am gready hurried, but tho' t proper to acqu' t You with the above y't Y'r Rangers may be diligent in their Lookouts ag'st these Miscreants and Murderers. I am, with very great Respect, Worthy Sir, Y'r most ob'd't h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO CAPTAIN LEWIS. July Sth, 1755. Sir : You was order'd to Augusta with Y'r Co'y to protect the Frontiers of y't Co'ty. We have lately a Messenger from thence giv'g an Acc't of some barbarous Murders comitted on Holston's River w'ch has greatly intimidated the Settlers. Colo. Patton being here he carries up blank Com'o's for Officers to raise one Co'y of Rangers of 50 Men for the further protect' n of the Inhab' ts, I therefore desire You will correspond with the above Gent, and if Occas'n is, he has my Orders to send for You to assist in defeat'g the Designs of these wicked Murderers. And I do hereby order and direct You to obey such Orders as he may give You for the Protect' n and Defence of the Settlers on the Frontiers of Augusta, and Y'r Comphance therewith will be very agreeable to, S'r, Y'r Fr'd, &c. '* The lottery was to be conducted by six directors: John Robinson, Charles Carter, Peyton Randolph, Landon Carter, Carter Burwell, Ben jamin Waller, and James Power. The price of the tickets was fixed at j£i, IS. 6d. each. — Hening vi.,pp. 455-6. 92 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO LIEUTENANT WM. WRIGHT. July Sth, 1755. Sir: It gives me much Concern to hear of some barbarous mur ders and Robberies comitted by a few Ind's on Holston's River where You was order'd with Y'r small Detachm't to protect the Frontiers. I am told some of Y'r Party is taken Prisoner, how he was absent from You I cannot say, but am of Opinion if You had been diligent You might have prevented y's barbarous Murder. I have been inform'd You was twenty two Days in march'g six Miles; y's is not agreeable to the Opinion I con ceiv' d of You, and it was expected y't You and Y'r Party sh'd be constantly on the Look-out, and not rem'n indolent at one Place. Colo. Patton has blank Commis' s for a Capt. and his Lieut's for raising 50 Men for protect' n of the Frontiers of Au gusta. It's my Orders to You to follow his Com'ds in march'g Y'r Detachm't to the Place he may conceive they will be most useful. If Y'r Men were not good and healthy, I hope by y's Time You have discharg'd some and enlisted others in their Place. I desire You may be very diligent, keep Y'r Men em ploy'd and assist ah in Y'r Power to defeat the designs of a barbarous and cruel Enemy, which will be very agreeable to, S'r, Y'r F'd, &c. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL PATTON. July Sth, 1755. Sir : The cruel Murders and barbarous Usages of the Ind's to the Settlers of the Frontiers of Augusta Co'ty gives me a sensi ble Concern and uneasiness y't our Fellow Subjects sh'd be so ill-treated. To p.rev't such barbarities for the future I desire You will imediately list fifty Men as rangers for guard of the Frontiers of y't Co'ty, and enclos'd You have the blank Comiss. for a Capt. and two Lieut's, and if old Capt. Smith'" ' Presumably Captain Abraham Smith. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 93 will take the Com'o. for Capt. I desire he may have the refusal of it; if he does not, I confide in You to make Choice of one properly qualified, y't knows the Woods and the Method of at tack' g the Ind's in the Bushes. The same Care must be taken in the Appointm' t of the two Lieut's; as they do not go out of the Co'ty they will not be at the Charge of Regimentals, and probably not be employed above three Mo's. You must, there fore, agree with them for Pay on the best Terms You can; the same as to the private men, y't their Pay do not exceed that p'd to the Forces employ'd in the Service of y's Domin' n. They must be Supphed with Provis's. Y'r Care and Frugality in making this purchase I leave to You, taking Care y't they be duly supphed, that there be no Compl' t. After you have rais' d y's Co'y You are to direct them where to march and order them to be very watchful and not rem'n in one Place. The Reason of order' g two Lieut's, is y't I am of Opinion You may on Oc cas'n divide Y'r Men into three Parties in search of the enemy; but y's I also leave to You, and if they come up with any Ind's (not in Fr'dship with Britain) I think they deserve no Mercy w'n I consider the barbarous Murders they have committed. In clos'd You have a Let'r to Ct. Lewis, w'ch please forw'd to him. I think he is at Green Brier; and another Let'r to Lieut. Wright, who I think is at Holston's River. Both these Gent, have Or ders to consult and advise with You and to follow such Orders for suppress' g the Enemy as You may see proper. Care and diligence is absolutely necessary on y's emergent Occas'n. I therefore expect You will exert Y'r Self as Co'ty Lieut, of Au gusta. If You find it difficult to raise these few Men in Y'r Co'ty send one of the Lieut's to the neighbour'g Counties. Write to the Com'd'g Officer in my Name to call the Militia together and supply the No. of Men You may want by a volun tary enlist' g or otherwise by a Draught from their Militia, w'ch Method You must do in Y'r own Co'ty consist't with the last Act of Assembly. Any Money you may advance for Pay't of the Men or for purchas'g of Provis's shaU be duly p'd You. You must send me a List of the Officers and Men, their names and when enlisted. If Blankets are absolutely wanted purchase them and You shall also be p'd their Amo. I have order'd Capt. Lewis and Lieut. Wright to consult with You and to fol low Y'r Direct' s of the proper Places where to range, and not 94 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. to be long in one Place. It's my Orders y't You not only send me a List of the Men's Names, but an Acc't of the monthly Ex- pence. I wish You success in reduc' g our barbarous Enemies, and I rem'n, S'r, Y'r Fr'd and h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE'S ADDRESS TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY. Gent'n ofthe Council, Mr. Speaker and Gent'n of the Ho. of Burgesses : July Sth, 1755. I sincerely thank You for Y'r agreeable and seasonable Supply for Conduct'g the necessary and just Expedition. That Part You have left to my Conduct shall be made use of with Frugality for the Uses it' s intended. I am under much Concern for the barbarous Behaviour of the Fr. and their Ind's in Mur dering and robbing our Fellow Subjects in our frontier Set tlem'ts. Gent'n, I am in great Hopes before y's y't Gen'l Braddock is in Possess'n of the Fort on the Ohio the French took from us last year; but it is to be feared y't flying Parties of French and Ind's wih Invade our Country and repeat their Bar barities. I therefore heartily recomend it to You to prevail with the Officers in the different Counties to muster and exercise the Milida, w'ch (under the Divine Protect'n) is our only Safety, and is w't I have already commanded them. I wish You an agree able Recess, and I think proper to prorogue You to the second Tuesday in Oct'r, and You are accordingly prorogu'd to that Time. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 95 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL JEFFERSON," COUNTY LIEUTENANT OF ALBEMARLE. July 9th, [1755.J Sir: Colo. Patton has my Orders to raise a Co'y of Rangers to protect the Frontiers of y's Dom'n ; he fears he will not be able to raise them in Augusta. I have ordered in y't case to send a Let' r to You with a Lieut. , on his Arrival You are to Order the Militia''* together, if thq men wanted will enlist voluntarily, well. " Peter Jefferson, the father of the President, and the son of Thomas Jefferson, of O.sborne's, Chesterfield county ; born 1708 ; marrried Jane, daughter of Isham Randolph, of " Dungenness," Goochland county, from which Albemarle was formed September, 1744. Of the new county, February 28tli, 1745, Peter Jefferson and Joshua Fry were ap pointed justices, Wm. Randolph, sheriff, Joshua Fry, surveyor, and Ed ward Gray, the King's Attorney. Peter Jefferson and Joshua Fry served as commissioners for defining the western limits of the Northern Neck grant, and in 1749 as commissioners on the part of Virginia to continue the boundary line between it and North Carolina. They also prepared the map of Virginia, bearing their name. Peter Jefferson was long County-Lieutenant or Commander-in-Chief of Albemarle county. This officer commonly styled " Colonel," who was usually a large landed proprietor, governed the county, and upon him rested the responsibility of a faithful execution of the laws. He could call out the militia when demanded, and account to the Governor and Council for his con duct. The officers of the militia were subject to his orders and he could organize courts martial. '^* One of the companies of Militia of Albemarle county was com manded by Captain Charles Ellis, and an order to collect his command, from Colonel Peter Jefferson, dated June 29th, 1755 is in the cabinet of the Virginia Historical Society. The remaining officers of the company were, Cornelius Thomas, Lieutenant; Chas. Tuly, Ensign; John Free man, Sergeant, and Jacob Brown and Thomas Cottrell, Corporals. Captain Charles Ellis, the son of John Ellis, of Peter's Creek, a branch of Tuckakoe Creek, in Henrico parish, Henrico county ; was born 1720; married 1740, Susannah, daughter of Thomas Harding ; removed 1754 with his family to that portion of Albemarle which now forras Amherst county ; died 1760. His seat " Red Hill," on Pedlar river has been suc cessively held by his son Major Josiah Ellis, and his grandson Richard Shelton Ellis. His son Josiah, born 1746 ; married 1766, Jane, daughter of Richard Shelton, of Amherst county ; died 1810. Of their issue was the late 96 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. if not, You must make a Draught of so many as are wanted frora the whole Militia, agreeable to the late Act of Assembly, in w'ch You are not to fail. I am, S'r Y'r Fr. and h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL FAIRFAX. July 9th, 1755. Dear Sir : Inclos'd You have Copy of my Let'r to L'd Fairfax, and I am in hopes before You get up he wih be pretty forw'd in rais'g the two Companies of Rangers ; if not, I intreat Y'r as sistance, and tho. I have left the Agreem't as to Pay to my L'd, yet I hope they will be at the same Pay as the rest of our Forces. W'n compleated I expect they will be employ' d properly forthe Serv' ce they are intended for. As I shall want some Men to re inforce Colo. Innes at F't Cumb'l'd, I desire the Favo. of You to get a proper Person to act as Sergeant, and endeavour to engage him to raise 20 Men or more and send them to F't Cumb'l'd. They may be enlisted for 3 Mo's certain; at y't Time if they incline to be discharg'd, they shall, and if they sh'd be in absolute Necessity of some Cloth' g I refer y't to You, and You may give Direct' s to Mr. Carlyle to supply them from the Clothes I left with him. As it' s Sumer a few cloths may serve them. I have great Depend' ce on Y'r Fr'dship and good offices in the above Affairs. You know it requires the greatest Dispatch, and y't You will please write to my L'd and Mr. Mar tin to know w't they have done ; as for their Pay, You may en gage for it, and w'n I know the No. enlisted I shall send the Money by Mr. Boyd, the Pay M'r. Excuse y's Freedom, and be assur'd I am with very great Respect, Worthy Sir, Y'r most ob'd't h'ble serv't Hon. Powhatan Ellis, and the late Charles Ellis, an honored merchant of Richmond, Va., born at "Red Hill " in 1772 ; married 1813, Margaret Keeling, daughter of James Nimmo, a prominent law\er of Norfolk, Va. ; died 1840. Of the issue of Charles and M. K. (Nimmo) Ellis, are Colonels Charles and Thomas Harding Ellis, Mrs. Colonel George Wythe Munford, of Richmond, and Mrs. Beverley Tucker, of Washing ton, D. C. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 97 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO MAJOR CARLYLE. July 9th, [1755]. Sir : Y'rs of 20th June I sh'd have answ'd before now, but have been much hurried. Mr. Mason's Let'r to me was to send him Money or a Bih for his Acc't. The last I coraply'd with, so he will have no Dem'd ag'st You, Sir. The risque of the Money from Annapolis to pay for the Fish was surely on my Acc't, and I p'd in Y'r Acc't the Messenger You sent for it. I am sorry for Y'r Loss by Rowan & Macklewean, and I think Colo. Innes sh'd relieve You, w'ch, if he will give an Order to You, I will endeav'r to secure it in No. Car. I remember I des'r'd Y'r Assistance to forw'd them up to Winchester, but never tho't You w'd have advanced thera Money. I am a considerable sufferer by these People. As for Commis' s, Mr. Hunter has been at much Trouble in send'g up Ja's River to purchase Provis's, but the Comittee will not allow him any Comis' s. If I was to have Comis's for my Supply and Advance of a large Sum, it w'd run up high ; but I never had Considerat' n for Y't. W'n I appointed You Comissary I neverimagin'd You w'd have charg' d Comis' s as You had a stand' g Salary, and all You did was for the Public Service. I have not proper Vouchers for the Cha's attend'g the Independ't Compa's, w'ch I shall greatly want on transraitt' g my Acc'ts home. As You was sick w'n here I c'd not show You a visible Error in Y'r last Acc't in the Charge of Beeves, w'ch at meet'g I think You will soon observe. I know not how You settled with the Comittee, or how they propos'd I sh'd pay for Salt and Waggonage ; they complain greatly ag'st all the Acc'ts ; some of thera I believe they have good Reason to find fault with. If L'd Fairfax or the Colo. sh'd want sorae Cloths pray supply them, tak'g their Receipt. You had Acc't of the Cloth' g agreeable to Invo., and the Con tents were on each Bale and h'h'd, so y't I think there can be no mistake. If You can send the Flour, Pork and Beef to F't Cumb'l'd I win pay the Charge attend'g, not doubt'g You wih do it in the most frugal Manner. I hope y's wih meet You thorowly recovered and y't You may be restor'd to establish'd Health, is the sincere Wish of, S'r, Y'r most hurable serv't. 7 98 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL INNES. July 14th, 1755. Sir : Y' r Let' r of the 1 1 th I rec' d y ' s Morn' g, w' ch gave me much Grief and great Concern for the defeat of our Forces. I wish You c'd have been more particular on y't melancholy Subject, and w'd fain entertain Hopes y't it is not so bad as reported to You, as I hear Colo. Dunbar's Regim't was not in the En gagement ; if so, his coming up with Fresh Men might proba bly make a Turn in our Favo. Pray write me fully on y's Sub ject, and particularly of the Act'n; w't Officers and Men we have lost. I have now ord'r'd the Militia in the nine contigious Counties to be drawn out, and to supply You with 100 or 150 Men, w'ch I desire You to write to my L'd Fairfax w't No. You may think necessary. Y'r Women and Sick I think You had better send to Winchester to be taken Care of, and if You sh'd have Men enough, I think You sh'd have a Stockade Fort or Battery on the Hill, [which] commands Y' r Fort, but y' t I refer to Y'r Prudence. It willlDe melancholy if they sh'd attack You with our Artillery. Pray God preserve You. I remain Y'r affect' te Friend, &c. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO LORD FAIRF.\X. „ , July 14th, 1755- My Lord : Y'r L'r and Colo. Innes's of the nth and 12th Curr't gave me very great Concern, as it was so much unex pected. I never doubted of the GenTs Success w'n I considered his Forces and the Train of Artihery. The last I fear wih be very galling, and undoubtedly be used ag'st us; however, I w'd gladly flatter myself the Affair is not so bad as Colo. Innes writes. I have wrote to the different Counties to muster their Militia and have them in order on a Cah; therefore I hope You and Mr. Martin wih have Frederick and Hampshire's Militia out, and if the Enemy appears in numbers ag'st You they have DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 99 my Orders on Y'r Let'r y't they march to join You. Colo. Innes will write You w' t Men he may want for the Fort, w' ch please supply him from Y'r Militia and they shall be p'd. I shall send up 20 half b'ls of Gun Powder and 2,000 lbs. Shot to Fredericksburg, w' ch I entreat You to order waggons to bring them to You. Small Arms I have none, but I think You may be supplied at Winchester or F't Cumb'l'd, if wanted. Pray write me if You have the Particulars of the Action, for Colo. Innes is entirely general, and I hope [it] is not so bad as he writes. I am now in great Hopes the Militia will behave well and not let their Interest and Lives lie Expos' d to the Insults of a merciless Enemy. Pray encourage thera w't You can, and if some Money is wanted pray supply it and You shall be re-im- bursed. I rem'n, with great Esteem and due regard, R't Hon , Y'r most ob'd't h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO SIR THOMAS ROBINSON. July 14th, 1755. Sir : I y's Morn'g rec'd a Let'r from Colo. Innes, G'r of F't Cumb'l'd and another from L'd Fairfax, Copies thereof I en close You. These Let's gave me a sensible Concern for the melancholy disaster attend'g Gen'l Braddock and his Forces, w'ch was indeed so surpris' g to me y't I did not doubt, but daily expected an Acc't of his hav'g taken the Fort on the Ohio. The Particulars of the Battle have not yet reach' d me, but I expect another Express every Hour, w'n I shall write more fuhy. I am now send'g Orders to raise ah the MHitia on the Frontiers, and shall order the whole Militia of y's Dom'n to be in readiness at an Hour's Cah. I heard of y's Vesseh's sail'g but y's Moment, and I send y's Let'r to York Town to overtake her y't You may have the first intelligence, and I hope You will in y's Hurry excuse Scralls, &c. R't Hon., Y'r ob'd't faithful h'ble serv't 100 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL DAVID STEWART,^'' AUGUSTA COUNTY. July i6th, [I755-] Sir : I rec'd Y'r Let'r of the loth. The melancholy Acc't You give of the many barbarous Murders comitted in Y'r Co'ty gives me real Concern. Colo. Patton carried up some Powder and Shot with him, and I shah now send 4 bis Powder and Lead for the Court House for the Service of the People. We have had Ace' ts from the Ohio y't obliges me to raise the whole Militia of the County, and circular Lett's are y's Day sent to the dif ferent Lieut's of the Counties for y' t Purpose. I hope Colo. Patton win imediately raise all the Militia in Y'r Co'ty and send them in different Parties ag'st the Eneray. It gives me much Concern [that] they are in so bad Order for want of Arms and Amunit'n, w'ch is owing to former Neglect in not putting the Law in due Execution. If Men are wanted You must apply to the Lieut's of the neighbour'g Counties for assistance, they having my Orders to send part of their Militia to Y'r aid, and I sincerely wish it was in my Power to give You a further Assistance ; but I hope soon to hear You have overcome and dis- pers'd these Banditti, and I heartily pray You may support Y'r Spirits with proper Resolution in these dangerous Times, and by no means allow any of the People to leave the County, but to take up Arms in defence of the whole. A Waggon with the Powder goes off this Day, and [I] shall be glad if You can order a Waggon on the Frontiers of Y'r County to meet him y't it may be with You soon. I am under some Suprize and Concern that so few Parties of Ind's sh'd Succeed in their bar barities, and it appears to me y't Your People sit quiet under it with' t rising in proper Bodies to defeat their Designs and to cut them off imediately. Are there not many French with the Ind's? I wish You had been more particular as to the No. of the Savages. I desire You will in my Name write earnestly to the neighbouring Counties to send Men to Y'r assistance, and I "' At this time evidently County Lieutenant. In February, 1756, he accompanied, as Commissary, with the rank of Captain, the Sandy Creek Expedition against the Indian towns west of the Ohio river. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 101 trust in God y't by a proper Spirit You will be able to destroy those Infidels. I am, with much Concern and Sorrow for your pres't distress'd Situation, Sir, Your most humble servant. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL PATTON. July i6th, 1755. S'r: I am sorry to hear a further dismal Acc't of Murders in Y'r Co'ty, and I fear Y'r People are siez'd with a Panick in suf fering the Ind's in such small Compa's to do the Mischief they do, without raising to oppose them. Surely if they were pro perly headed and encourag' d they w' d overcome them all. I have sent some Powder, &c., to Colo. Stewart. I have or der'd the whole Mnitia of this Dom'n to be in Arras, and Y'r neighbour'g Counties are directed to send Men to Y'r Assist ance on Y'r Applicat' n. Our News from the Ohio is bad. I enclose You a Letter to the same Purport as those sent to all the Counties. I shall be glad to hear You have dispers'd and destroy'd these Banditti, and am, S'r, Y'r most h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL CHAS. CARTER.^" July i8th, 1755. Sir : The News from Colo. Innes surpriz'd me at first, but on reading the Let'r over some Tiraes I concluded it was wrote im ediately on the Acc't given him, w'ch Acc't I was willing to '" Charies Carter, son of John and Elizabeth (Hill) Carter, grandson of Robert and Judith (Armistead) " King " Carter, and great-grandson of John and Sarah (Ludlow) Carter (founder of the family in Virginia) was born at "Corotoman," Lancaster county, in 1732, married in 1756 102 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. think was from a Deserter who, in a great Pannick, represented w't his Fears suggested ; however, I tho't it absolutely neces sary to order the Militia of each Co'ty to be muster' d, a return of their Numbers and Arras, Powder, &c. , to be iraediately sent me. I wait with Irapatience for another Express from Fort Cumb'l'd, w'ch I expect will greatly contradict the former. I rec'd the Ex. last Monday Morn'g, and am surpriz'd at not having another since, but the length of Time gives me still greater hopes the first News is false, or at least not so bad ; however, it will be necessary You appoint a proper Place for Y'r Militia to be ready on a Call. I shall be able to Supply Powder, but I much fear I have not Arms to spare as yet. The Villany of the Negroes on any Emergency of Gov't is w't I always fear' d. I greatly approve of Y' r send' g the Sheriffs with proper Strength to take up those y't apear' d in a Body at Y'r Son's House, and if found guilty ofthe Expressions mention'd I ex pect You will send for a Com'o. to try them, and an Example of one or two at first may prevent those Creatures enter' g into Corabinat's and wicked Designs ag'st the Subjects. I shall be glad to hear w't Discoveries You have made, and do not doubt from Y'r Zeal and good Inclinat's for the Public You will earn estly bring them to Justice. In the mean Time, You [must] act consist' t with Y' r good Sense in keeping Patrollers out for the Peace of Y'r Co'ty. I shall order an Advertism't in the his cousin, Mary W. Carter, of " Cleves " ; secondly, Anne Butler Moore, of " Chelsea " ; issue by first marriage eight, and by second fifteen chil dren, whose numerous descendants include the best esteemed family names in Virginia. His daughter, Anne Hill Carter, was the second wife of " Light Horse Harry " Lee, and the mother of General Robert Edward Lee. Colonel Carter at the period of the text was County Lieutenant of Lancaster county. He was a member of the House of Burgesses continuously from 1761 to 1776, and in the latter year a mem ber of the Council also. He later, fitted up "Shirley," James river, and moved thither. He died in 1806, leaving an estate of 35,000 acres of land in the counties of Loudoun, Fauquier, Prince William, Lancaster, Richmond, Westmoreland, King William, Hanover, Henrico and Charles City ; about 1,000 negro slaves ; ^12,000 in money, and various bonds, mortgages, etc. In his will he requests his friends and family not to " go into mourning nor wear black clothes.'' His grave is at "Shir ley," which seat is now owned by his grandson, Captain Robert Ran dolph Carter, late Confederate States Navy. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 103 Papers as You Desire, but with't y't I think the Sheriffs sh'd seize ?.ll Horses used by Negroes in the Night Tirae. Mr. Grymes' s proposals are of such a nature y't with't the Assembly I c'd not put them in Execution if they had my Approbation, and, indeed, I cannot see at pres' t any absolute Necessity to call the Assembly soon. Y'r early Notice of Things is very agree able, and Y'r Advice on Affairs will always be acceptable to me, and for w' ch I thank You. I am with great Regard and Respect, Sir, Y'r most h'ble serv't. P. S. I send You enclos'd a Paper relat'g our Success in Nova Scotia, w'ch You may depend is literally true. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO B. GRYMES. July iSth, 1755. Sir : Y'r Let'r of the 15th came to my Hands last Night. I much approve Y'r sanguine Inclinat's for the Service of Y'r Co'try, but the Scheme You propose requires such large Sums of Money y't I am convinc'd the Assembly c'd by no means be bro't into it and there are several Proposals in Y'r Let'r y't I think not practicable. As I am of Opinion the News from Colo. Innes is not entirely True, I daily expect another Express to contradict it, and at pres't I think it wih be very disagreeable to cah the Assembly, and in Course Y'r scheme cannot be tho't of I wish You Health and Happiness, and am. Sir, Y'r very humble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COL. BAYLOR,^ OF CAROLINE. July iSth, 1755. Sir: I rec'd Y'r Let'r of the 17th, and agreeable to Y'r Desire '' The Baylors, of Virginia, are of Hungarian extraction, and the name is still numerously represented in and about Pesth. One of the family migrated to England, settling in Devonshire, where he amassed 104 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. I have sent Com'o. for Mr. Geo. Taylor'" to be Colo, of Mihtia in Orange Co'ty, but on Y'r Desire to be Colo, in the rqom of Mr. Robinson, I don't well understand Y'r Let'r, as I think You are Co'ty Lieut, for Orange, w'ch I hope You do not in tend to resign, and more so as I know no Person to appoint. I now send several blank Com's for Orange, w'ch fill up as You please, as I have a thorow Confidence in Y'r Probity. I send a Com'o. fill'd up agreeable to Y'r Desire to be Colo, of Caro line, but hope You will not raake use of it, if You continue to a fortune. His son, John Baylor, ship-owner and merchant migrated to Virginia about 1650, accompanied by his son John, a minor; settled in Gloucester county, and secured large grants of land. He married in 1698, Lucy Todd O'Brien. Their sole issue was Colonel John Baylor of the text, born at Walkerton, King and Queen county, ^lay 12th, 1705. He was sent in boyhood, to England for education, first at Putney Grammar School, and thence to Caius College, Cambridge. Colonel Baylor moved in 1726 to New Market, in what is now Caroline county, and married in 1744, Lucy Walker. Her sister, Courtenay, married John Norton, of London, merchant. John Baylor occupied several positions of trust and prominence ; was a Burgess from Caroline county from 1748 to 1761, and was commisioned November 18, 1752, Lieutenant of the^county. He died April 3, 1772, leaving a vast estate. His eldest son, John, born September 4th, 1750. was also educated in England, at Putney Grammar School, and Cambridge, being at the last a classmate and associate of Wilberforce. He appears also to have secured the friendship of Sir Philip Francis, and later, following his marriage with his cousin, Frances Norton, was the guest in London, for a week, of Sir Philip, and is said to have been presented by him with a ,MS. copy of the letters of Junius. This MS. is now in the possession of his de scendant, Dr. John Roy Baylor, Milford, Caroline county, Virginia, who states that his ancestor was wont to say that the secret of the author ship of Junius would die with him. The MS. is said to strongly resemble both the handwriting of Sir Philip Francis, and that of the facsimiles given by the publisher Woodfall, and in view of the unsolved mystery of the authorship of the letters, should have due examination by the critics. The second son of Colonel John Baylor, was Major George Baylor, aid to Washington at the Battle of Trenton. The descendants of the emigrant, John Baylor, are now numerously represented and comprise the names as well of Norton, Armistead, Clayton, Upshaw, Fox, Roy, Brent, Horner, and others equally es teemed. "" George Taylor was a member of the House of Burge.sses from Orange county in 1758. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 105 Com'd Orange, and, indeed, from Y'r Lett'r, I know not the Com'o. You propos'd for Mr. Lomax,'' however, fih them up and send me Acc't of their different Designat's. I have no other Exp's from Fort Cumb'l'd, and am in great Hopes the first Acc't was false, or at least not so bad as mention'd. My compliments to Y'r Lady, and I am, with great Respect, Sir, Y'r most h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO EDWARD BOSCAWEN, VICE- ADMIRAL OF THE BLUE. July l8th, 1755. Sir : Last Night I had the Hon'r of receiv'g Y'r Letter of the 23d of May. We have lately had bad Acc'ts from the Ohio of the Defeat of our P'orces under the Cora'd of Gen'l Braddock, but as the Acc't appears to be wrote in a great Hurry and pro bably not with proper Fbundat'n, I am wiU'g to suspend ray Opinion tfll I receive a second Ex's, w'ch I hope will contradict the former, and I shall hereafter write You more particularly on y't Affair. About three Days ago we had the agreeable News of Y'r tak'g two French Men of War, and I hope by y's Time the others will be at Y'r Com'd. I sincerely congratulate You on y't Success and Y'r great Care and Dihgence in being off Cape Briton before they got into Port. It's happy for these Colonies to have a Gent, of Y'r Capacity and known abilities to guard them and watch the Motions of the Enemy. I shall with Pleasure write You of any Affairs of Consequence y't may occur in my Gov't, and sincerely wish You Health and Success in de feating the Designs ofthe Enemies to our Country, and I rem'n, with very great Respect and Esteem, H'ble Sir, Y'r raost ob'd't h'ble serv't. "' This was probably Lunsford Lomax, who was one of the commis sioners from Virginia who concluded the Indian Treaty at Logstown, June 13th, 1752. He was also a Burge.ss from Caroline county in 1756. 106 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO BENJAMIN ROBINSON, ESQ.'" July iSth, 1755. Sir : Enclos'd You have a Com'o. for Co'ty Lieut of Caroline, a Com'o. for Tho's Johnson to be Major in the rooin of Mr. Talia ferro, and 12 blank Commissions for Y'r fih'g up as You see proper for the Subaltern Officers, and I hope You whl be able to send me a good Acc't of the Militia of Y'r Co'ty. I wish You Health, and am Sincerely, Sir, Y'r very h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL WM. FITZHUGH.'^ July 19th, 1775. Sir : The Let'r I rec'd from Colo. Innes last Monday gave me much Surprize and Uneasiness, but as it appear'd to be wrote in a hurry, and I hope from an irregular Foundat'n, I have waited ever since to be more properly inform'd. I dispatch'd the Express very soon y't he was to be at L'd Fairfax's on Tuesday Night, but to my Surprize no further Acc't since the 1st. I have order'd all Militia to be exercis'd and a return to '* Colonel Benjamin Robinson, born 1719, died 1768, was the younger brother of John Robinson, President of the Council and acting Gov ernor of Virginia in 1749. He was for a long time clerk of the County Court of Caroline, and it was in his office that Edmund Pendleton, the eminent patriot and jurist, was early grounded in the law. Colonel Robinson married Sarah King, and they were the parents of Commis sary William Robinson, rector of Stratton Major parish, \'a. '* Colonel William Fitzhugh of " Rousley Hall," near the mouth of Patuxent River, Maryland, was second in rank and commanded the Maryland troops in the absence of Governor Sharpe. He was probably a grandson ofthe emigrant William Fitzhugh, lawyer, planter, merchant and shipper, born in Bedford, England, January 9th, 1651 ; settled in that portion of Stafford now comprising Prince George county ; died at his seat, " Bedford," Virginia, in October, 1701. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. . 107 be made me from each Co'ty of their Condit' n as to No., Arms and Amunit'n; after w'ch I shall consult the most vigorous Measures to be taken on y's Emergency. I am very glad You have been so early with the Militia of Y'r Co'ty, and I wish for a particular Acc't of their Arms and Amunit'n. Arms are ex tremely scarce. Powder and Ball I can send You Sorae. I desire You to discharge Y'r Men, appoint' g a proper Place for their meet'g on an Hour's Cah. As I expect an Ex's with a par ticular Acc't, I must suspend act'g further for a Day or two in dependence thereon, w'n [I] shall endeav'r to have the Force of the Co'try collected in a Body to withstand the Attacks of the Enemy. It's monstrous they sh'd be so tardy and dillatory in sending down any further Ace' t they may have had of the Ac tion, and whether we have lost the Train of Artillery, w' ch to me is somew't doubtful. I thank You for the offer of Y'r Ser vice, w'ch I shall much rely on. The enclos'd is an Acc't of our Success in Nova Scotia, w'ch You may be assur'd is Truth. I am, with very great Respect, S'r, Y'r most humble servant. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO LORD FAIRFAX. July 2ist, 1755. My Lord : Not hearing from You or Colo. Innes gives me the utmost uneasiness, as Colo. Innes's Let'r was wrote in much hurry, with't mention'g the Name of the Person y't came from the Camp, or the Particulars of our Defeat, I was willing to hope y't Affairs were not so bad as represent'd, and, indeed, another Express w'd have been very proper. I have order'd all the Militia in the Co'try to be muster' d and a report to be made of their Numb's and how they are provided with Arras, &c. ; y's is all I c'd do till I hear further from You, and if necessary [I] must make a large Draught from each Co'ty for the Protect'n of the Whole. The Bearer (Maj'r CoUin Campbel) comes Express to send me Informat'n of w't Situat'n our Army is in, and whether the Ind's are gone from our Frontiers. He is a very 108 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. proper Person to muster the Men in the two Counties of Fred erick and Hampshire, and to bring them to proper Discipline. If Y'r L'dship inclines y't he sh'd remain he has my Orders to follow Y'r Com'ds. You cannot conceive the Uneasiness I am under in not hav'g a second Express, w'ch at y's Time (if occa sion [demands] ) should be twice a Week. I am with very great Respect, Y'r L'dship' s most humble servant. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL INNES. July 2ist, 1755. Sir : This Day Week I dispatch' d an Express to You, and it gives me the greatest Uneasiness not to hear from You. As Your Let'r of the nth was wrote in a great Hurry and very imperfect in not mention'g the Person y't bro't the Disagreeable News from the Camp, or the Particulars of the Defeat of our Forces, I am in hopes Things are not so bad as You then wrote; and, indeed, in these Troublesome Times an Express from You every two or three Days w'd be very proper. I have order'd ah the Militia in the Co'try to be muster' d, and a report of their Numb's, Arms, &c., to be sent to me, w'ch is all at pres't can be done till I hear further of the Situat'n of our Army, &c., w'n, if necessary, [I] shall order a Draught frora each Co'ty to be collect' d in order to defend the Co'trv. If You have any Qu'ty of Arms and Amunit'n at the Fort, I desire you will send it down to the Co'try and give Direct' s for securing the Flour, &c., for fear of a Surprize. I send the Bearer (Maj'r Cambel) on purpose for News and to be aiding in bring'g the Militia of the two frontier Counties into proper Order. Let me hear fre quently from You, y't we may be provided ag'st the Worst. I am with Kind Respects Y'r aff. Fr'd. dinwiddie papers. 109 GOV. DINWIDDIE TO MAT. TALBOT, »« WM. CALLAWAY," AND JNO. PHELPS,'» IN BEDFORD COUNTY. July 2ist, [I755-] Gent'n : I rec'd Y'r Let'r of the i6th, y's Minute. The barba rous treatm't of our People in Augusta I heard last Week, and sent them Supplies of Amunit'n. I have given general Orders for mustering ah the Mihtia in y's Co'try, and desir'd a just re port of their Numb's, Guns, Powder, &c., w'ch I doubt not Y'r Lieut, will comply with. As to Y'r want of Amunit'n, &c., it must be owing to Y'r not pressing the Act of Assembly in force, and a further Misfortune in y's Danger is y't I have not these Necessaries in the Magazine, but as I daily expect some Powder and Ball, w'n the return is made from Y'r Co'ty I shall endea vour to help You as much as [may be] in my Power; for Arms, I cannot proraise You any. The Boldness of the Eneray sh'd not terrific You. If you keep a Number of Your Militia on the Guard tg watch their Motions, a few Men with Resolut' n will deter a Number of them, and [I] hope you can collect a Qu'ty of Powder and Ball for the Pres't. Our Acc'ts from the Ohio are bad, but I hope not so bad as at first represent'd. I wait with Impatience for an Express from thence. Raise the Spirits of Y'r People by a resolute Courage, and any Assist' ce I can give shall be done with Chearfulness by Gent'n, Y'r most h'ble serv't. ^* Matthew Talbott was a Captain of Militia in Bedford county. " Wm. Callaway, the son of a Welsh emigrant, patented 15,000 acres of land in Lunenburg, Brunswick, Bedford and Halifax counties. In 1761 he gave 100 acres in Bedford county, adjoining the court-house, for the establishment of a town to be called New London. The trustees named were Benj. Howard, Richard Callaway (a Captain in the French and Indian war, migrated to Ky.), Wm. Meade, John Payne, Jr., Wm. Stamps, Jeremiah Early, and James Callaway, Gentlemen. Wm. Cal laway married a Miss Crawford, and had issue four sons and three daughters, whose descendants are quite numerous. "^John Phelps, a Captain of Militia, was a Burgess from Bedford county in 1756. 110 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL WILLIAM BYRD,'« LIEUTENANT OF HALIFAX. July 22d, 1755. Sir : I have a long Representat'n from the Justices of the Co'ty of Hahfax in regard to the barbarous Murders comraitted in the Co'ty of Augusta and their Fear of being attack'd by these Savages. They complain of the want of Officers for the Mihtia. As You are Lieut, of the Co'ty I enclose You some blank Comissions to fiU up to such as You think are most Worthy, for I am an entire Stranger to them, and let me know the Names of the Persons You appoint. They also complain for want of Amunit'n, I have order'd all the Militia of the Co'try to be muster' d and a report to be made to me of their Numb's and how provided with Guns, Amunit'n, &c. W'n You make a re turn to me of Y'r Co'ty Militia, I shall endeavour all in my Power to supply their Wants ; but I must observe if they had put the Act of Assembly in force they w'd now have been pro perly Arm'd, &c. Pray let the Justices know y't I rec'd their Address, but am so much hurried y't [I] c'd not particularly answer it, but took this Method, by You, to assure them y't due Notice will be taken of their Complaints. I rem'n, with due regard. Sir, Y'r most humble serv't. P. S. — If the Militia w'd only in small Numb's appear with proper Spirit, the Banditti of Ind's w'd not face them; but it ap pears to me y't the inhabit' ts of Augusta have been siez'd with a Pannick in allowing a few Ind's to bully all y't Co'ty. A small Resolut' n w'd have defeated their Designs. '"Colonel William Byrd of " Westover," James rK-er, the third of the name ; County Lieutenant of Halifax county ; member of the Council; Colonel of the Second Virginia Regiment ; disposed of lots in Rich mond by lottery in 1767; died January ist, 1777, aged forty-eight years. dinwiddie papers. Ill GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO MAJOR COLIN CAMPBELL. July 2ist, 1755. Sir: I desire You will proceed with all imaginable Expedit'n to Winchester and F't Cumb'l'd, deliver my Let'r to L'd Fairfax, send an Ex' s from him of any Thing certain You can be inform' d of in regard to the Army and proceed from thence to F't Cumb'l'd, get all the Intelligence You possibly can in regard to our Troops and send an Ex's imediately therewith. I intreat You will make all possible Dispatch as I am very uneasy to hear how our Affairs on the Ohio stand, and if L'd Fairfax thinks it proper You sh'd rem'n there, do as he directs. I wish you Health, and am, Sir, Y'r Fr'd, &c. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR DOBBS. July 23d, 1755. Sir: My last to You was the Sth of this Mo., to w'ch please be refer'd. On the 14th I rec'd a Lett'r from Colo. Innes with the bad News y't our Forces on the Ohio were defeated and the Train of Artillery taken by the Enemy. Y's Let'r was wrote in a great Hurry. I am, therefore, in hopes to have y't News contradicted, at least not so bad as he then writes me. I daily expect another Ex's w'ch I hope will bring more agreeable News. Several flying Parties of Ind's and French have come into our Frontiers, committed barbarous Murders and Robberies. I have rais'd three Compa's of Rangers, now on our frontiers, to destroy these Banditti, and to protect the Setders who are seized with a Pannick or they might have suppress' d them and protected themselves. I have order'd ah the Militia of y's Colony to be drawn out. Muster' d their Numb's, Guns and Amunit'n to be ret'd to me directly, and if the News should be so bad as Innes writes I shall make a large Draught from each 112 DINWIDDIE papers. Co'ty to go ag'st the Enemy to protect our Co'try, and I pre sume You will think it necessary to do the same with Y'r Peo ple. Our News from Nova Scotia is very good and great Success has attended our Forces by Sea and Land, w'ch You may observe by the enclosed Paper w'ch You may depend on is true. Mr. Glen appears to do every Thing in his Power to obstruct the Expedit'n. I had reason to expect a Numb'r of Catawbas and Chickasaws to join our Forces, but he desir'd a Meet'g with these People in June, w'ch prevented their com'g to our Aid. I cannot conceive his Conduct, as it appears quite contrary to the Int't of the Nation. Mr. Hunter has fifty Suits of Cloths for Y'r Rangers. I am extremely hurried, and must finish. With Kind Respects, I am, Y'r Ex's, Most ob'd't h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO SIR T. ROBINSON. July 23d, 1755.*" R't Hon. : The annex'd is Copy of my last, with the raelancholy Acc't I rec'd from Colo. Innes of the Defeat of our Forces un der the Com'd of Gen'l Braddock. The News greatly supriz'd me, and I am still uneasy in not having any Acc't y's Time. Tho' I have sent two Ex's, neither ofthem ret'd. Whether the Enemy has stopt the Comunicat'n from the Ohio or y't our Forces are not defeated, as Innes's Let'r says, and y't they may be besieg'g the Fort and no Message sent, I know not ; but I w'd gladly wish for the best. After the Gen'l left Fort Cumb'l'd I order'd the Militia to be rais'd in Frederick and Hampshire to defend the Fronders. Some Time after a Numb'r of Fr. and Ind's, 150 in Numb'r, came on our frontiers, committed many robberies and Murders. I found the Militia were a cowardly People or seiz'd with such Pannick as not to resist the Insults of the Enemy. I therefore immediately rais'd three Compa's "Letters of this date per Com. Keppel, in the Sea Horse. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 113 of Rangers and O'rder' d them to range along our Frontiers to annoy the Enemy and shew them as little Mercy as they have done our poor People. They have murdered about 35. I have order'd the whole Militia of y's Dora'n to be muster' d, their Numb'rs, &c. , to be ret'd to me, and a Place appoint' d for their meet'g in a Body, y't on the first Acc't of the Enemy's Ap proach I will make a large Draught from each Co'ty to march for the Protect'n of the Co'try. I have no Doubt if they sh'd come over the Mount's we shall be able to repell Force by Force. This comes by Com'o. Keppel, who will readily ac quaint You with every Occurrence y't has happened except the Ohio Affair, w'ch I was in hopes by y's Tirae to have given You a particular Acc't of, but he is now ready to sail. So soon as I have the Particulars I shall transrait thera to You. I congratu late You on the Success of His Majesty's Arras by Sea and Land in Nova Scotia, and if our People had such a Warlike Spirit as their brother Subjects in New Engl'd we c'd have drove the Fr. from the Ohio long e'er y's ; but it's not in my Power to raise their Spirits to a just Resentm't of the Insults comitted by the Enemy. The Assembly, after many Argum'ts and Sohcitat's, have granted 10, 000 ;^ for the Expedit'n, 2,ooo_^ to pay the Rangers I have order'd, and 600 ;^ to reinforce Fort Cumb'l'd. Y't is the most I c'd bring them to, and if it had not been for the Money and Cr. I had from Home the Expedit'n c'd not have been conducted at y's Time. I hope my next will bring You more agreeable News, and I beg Leave to assure You I am, with great Deference and dutiful respects, R't Hon., Y'r most ob'd't and faithful humble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE EARL OF HALIFAX. July 23d, 1755. My Lord : I am sorry to have the Occasion of writ'g Y'r Lord ship the melancholy Disaster attend'g our Forces on the Ohio under the Com'd of Gen'l Braddock. The 14th of y's Mo. I rec'd a Letter from Co. Innes, Gov'r of F't Cumb'l'd, and one 114 dinwiddie papers. from L'd Fairfax, Copy of both I here enclose You. As Innes's Let'r appears to be wrote in a hurry, I w'd gladly hope it is not true. I sent an Ex's the 14th and another the iSth to have a Particular Acc't, but neither of them are ret'd, w'ch surprizes me much. A littie after the Gen'l march'd from F't Cumb'l'd I order'd the Militia on the Frontier Counties to be in Arms in case any flying Parties of Ind's and Fr. sh'd come in to distress the Settlers on the Frontiers. Ab't a Week after he left Fort Cumb'l'd 150 Fr. and Ind's came privately, robb'd and Mur der'd ab't nine Families. I found the Militia to be a dastardly cowardly People y' t w' d not stand to the Defence of their Lives and Fortunes. On y's I order'd three Compa's of Rangers im ediately to be rais'd, and to keep on the Frontiers to defeat the Designs of these Banditti, and I am in hopes they wih be able to give a good Acc't ofthem. I have further order'd allthe Militia of y's Dora'n to be rauster' d, and to be collected into proper Places in each Co'ty, y't if the Enemy sh'd come over the Mount's y't I may make a large Draught from each County to oppose the Enemy and protect the Co'try. I must leave a proper No. in each Co'ty to protect it from the Combinations of the Negro Slaves, who have been very audacious on the Defeat on the Ohio. These poor Creatures imagine the Fr. will give them their Freedom. We have too many here, but I hope we shall be able to defeat the Designs of our Enemies and keep these Slaves in proper Subject' n. I prorogued our Assembly the Sth of y's Mo. They voted 10,000^ for the Expedit'n, 2,ooo_^ to pay the three Compa's of Rangers, and 600 ;^ to re inforce F't Cumb'l'd. Y's the most I c'd bring them to do. Their Acts are not transcribed fair for transmission, but shall soon send them home. I sincerely congratulate Y'r L'ds. on the great Success of His M'y's Arms in Nova Scotia. Adm'l Bos cawen had taken two large Ships of War and some of their Transports. I doubt not long e'er y's the others are in his Possess'n. I wish the Subjects in y's Dom'n had such martial Spirits as those in N. Engl'd, but all I can do or say wiU not raise them from a lethargic Indolence thev are overcome with. This comes by Com'o. Keppel, who can fully inform You of every Th'g y't has been done here, as he is a worthy Gent, and a Man of Business. I hope You will have an Opp'ty of talking with him. As I every Day expect an Express from F't Cumb'l'd DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 115 I hope it will bring me some better News than the last, w'ch I shall imediately comunicate to You, and beg Leave to assure You with great Deference and due Respects I rem'n, R't Hon., Y'r L'd's faithful and obed't humble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO JAMES ABERCROMBY. July 23d, 1755. Sir: Inclos'd You have a Lett'r for Y'r Self from the Council, and I suppose an Address to H. M'y in reg'd to the 2s. ^ H'h'd Revenue. If You can by Int't or assiduous Applicat' n obtain a Let'r restrain' g ray grant' g any more Warr'ts on y't Revenue You will greatly recomend Y'r Self to the Council. You know I must not appear in it, but I sincerely wish it may Succeed. You have a Let'r to Maj'r Fairfax, w'ch deliver Y'r Self I think it is to assist You in Y'r Solicitat'n on y't Affair. Y'r Acc't ag'st the Gov't for Y'r incid't Expences came too late for y's Year as did y't also in reg'd to the Pistole Fee, it must lie over tih next Settlem't, but I know the Council do not expect You should charge any Incidents, however, I shall at a proper Time push it. You never wrote me Frasier' s Character, or have You properly attended the Regulat'n for Patents at the B'd of Trade, the Let'r from thence gives the People here all they desir'd, y't is those y't have occupied the Land for two Years with't Quit rents or any Order for pay'g the Arrears, are now to have their Patents with't any Charge w'tever, by w'ch the Crown will greatly suffer; however, I shall obey the Order. Our Assembly was prorogu'd the Sth, but the Acts are not fairly transcrib'd for Transmission, but wih be very soon. The enclos'd News Paper will shew You all I c'd bring them to, w'ch indeed is much raore y'n the neigh'g Colonies; M'yl'd and Pen sylva'a continue obstinate and refractory. I had a letter from Colo. Innes of the nth, giv'g me very bad News from the Ohio; he says our Forces were cut off and our train of Artillery taken by the Enemy, but as the Let'r was wrote in much hurry, I daily expect another Ex's w'ch I hope will contradict the former 116 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. or at least soften the News, it's a surprize to every body here how the Gen'l c'd be defeated; if true, it must be by some Ambush from the Ind's on his March; however, I hope in my next I shall be able to write raore agreeably on y't Subject. Our News from Nova Scotia is much more agreeable, w'ch You may ob serve by the enclos'd Paper and You may be assur'd of the Truth of it. I am excessively hurried in order' g our whole Militia to be muster' d and ready on a Call if the News from Colo. Innes sh'd prove true, w'ch really has given me more Concern and uneasiness than any Th'g ever occurr'd to me; however, I trust in God and hope for the best. I am with respect. Sir, Y'r most h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO SIR THOMAS ROBINSON. July 25th, 1755. R't Hon. : I wrote You two Days ago with the Acc't I had of the Defeat of our Forces under the Com'd of Gen'l Braddock, near the Ohio. I y'n was in Hopes y't the News was false and y't I expected another Ex's to contradict it. But, alas ! last Night I rec'd an Acc't of our Defeat and the Enemy's being in Possess'n of our Train of Artillery. The Gen'l died like him self, hav'g had five Horses shot under hira before he dropt. All the officers and Men rais'd here behav'd well, but am sorrj- to hear the private Men of the Regulars were seiz'd wuh a Panick, run away like Sheep. But I refer You to the enclose' d Copy of a Let'r from Colo. Washington to me, and Com'o. Keppel (by whom y's comes) will inform You of every Thing relat'g to the Act'n y't has come to our Knowledge. I came here to pay my Complim'ts to the Comod. and to deliver him my Let's. I re turn to W'msb'g imediately, w'n I propose to cah our Assembly and to endeavour to get a Military Law put in Execut'n; with't y't I can have but little Dependence on our Militia ; after w'ch I propose to make a large Draught from each Co'ty to be in a Body to defend the Co'try from the Insults of the Enemy, for DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 117 as they are possess'd of our ArliUery I fear they wih bring them over the Mount's ag'st us. If so, we must endeav'r to take them in same Manner we lost them. Colo. Dunbar now Com'ds the Forces at F't Cumb'l'd. He talks of going to Philad. for Winter q'rs. Our Co'try is very open, with't Fortificat's. I therefore sh'd be glad if he was order'd to rem'n on our Fron tiers for some Mo's, and as Gen'l Shirley now Com'ds in Chief His M'y's Forces on y's Cont't I shah write him on the Subject. I have done and shah continue to do every Th'g in my Power for the Defence of y's Dominion; but from the People little is to be expected, as they are to a Fault Parcimonious in vot' g Supphes, and the Militia in bad Order; y't with't the further Assistance of our Mother Co'try little is to be done, and it wih be fatal to His M'y's Colonies on y's Cont't to allow the Fr. a Settlera't on the Ohio, w'ch I hope wih be seriously consider'd by the Ministry, and w't ever Order 1 may receive shah be duly obey'd to the ut most of my Power. Comodore Keppel will readily open any Thing to You relat'g to the Affairs here, and he is a Gent'n of very good Sence. His Advice may be of much use if call' d on to give it. I must at pres't leave y's melancholy Subject, and to assure You I remain, with great Deference and due Respect, R't Hon., Y'r faithful, ob'd't, h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO LORD HALIFAX. July 25th, 1755. My Lord : I wrote You two Days ago the Acc't we had from the Ohio of the Defeat of our Forces, Death of Gen'l Braddock, &c. I y'n was in hopes these Acc'ts were false, but alas ! last Night I had an Ex's confirm' g y's melancholy News, and I de sire to refer You to Copy of Colo. Washington's Let'r to me on y't head, y's comes by Comod. Keppel, who can fully inform Y'r L'dship of every Thing y't came to our Knowledge. I have some Time endeavour'd to have military Law put in force here, but c'd not prevail; however, I shall imediately call the Assembly and much press it, as the Exigency of our Affairs 118 dinwiddie papers. much want it. I hope to prevail, for with't y't the Mihtia are ungovernable ; and I shall after y' t endeav' r to collect a proper Numb'r from each Co'ty to protect the Co'try from the Incur sions of the Enemy, w'ch now may be fatal, as they are possess'd of our train of Artillery, and I much doubt if we can force them from the Ohio with' t further Aid from Britain ; for our neigh bour' g Proprietary Gov'ts continue in their lethargic Indolence with't giving a mutual Assistance. I have and shall do every th'g in my Power for the Protect'n of y's Dom'n. And I hope before y's, Gen'l Shirley has beseig'd Niagara Fort and Gen'l Johnston on his March to Crown Point If we succeed in these two Attacks, with the Success His M'y's Arms have raet with in N. Scotia, I think the Ohio Affair will fall in course. I refer You to Comodore Keppel for further Particulars, and I beg to assure You, I am, Rt. Hon., Y'r obliged ob'd't humble servant. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL DUNBAR. July 26th, 1755. Sir : The melancholy Acc't of the Defeat of our Forces under the Com'd of Gen'l Braddock gave me a sensible and real Con cern, and I was the more astonish' d w'n I am inform'd y't 300 Fr'h and Ind's have defeated 1,300 British Forces. The officers behav'd like Britons, with Valour and Spirit, and sorry I am for the death of the Gen'l and the other brave Officers y't were left to be sacrific'd by the dastardly Timidity of the Private Men. The Panick they were seiz'd with made them forget their Duty and the Com'd of their OflScers. The consequ'ce was the loss of the Battie, the Lives of many brave Men, and the Loss of the Train of Artillery. Such advantages bv so few Men is not to be met with in History, and surely must raise a just resentm't in the Heart of every British Subject. Dear Colo., is there no Method left to retrieve the Dishon'r done to the British Arms? As You now Com'd ah the Forces y't rem'n, are You not able, after a proper Refreshm't of Y'r Men, dinwiddie papers. 119 to make a second Attempt to* recover the Loss we have Sus tain' d? You must still have remain' g upwards of i,6oo Men, and I have cah'd the Assembly of this Dom'n to meet next Tuesday next come Week, w'n I think I can promise You a Reinforcement of at least 400 Men. Provis's You cannot want, as Colo. Innes has a large qu'ty of Flour. There is 8 or 9,000 b'ls Pork and Beef at Alexa'a, and Beeves can be procur'd and sent You. You may probably say y't You want Artillery ; there are at Winchester four 12-Pounders w'th all the necessary Ap purtenances, and the Guns on F't Cumb'l'd may be made Field Pieces ; but why cannot we recover the Train in the same Man ner as the Enemy took them? You have four Mo's now to come of the best Weather in the Year for such an Expedit'n. As our Forces imder Gen'l Shirley are march'd and before y's I suppose attack'd Niagara, and Colo. Johnston, I believe, has prevail'd with the Six Nat's to take up the Hatchet ag'st the Fr., and I suppose y't Gent, is gone ag'st Crown Point, w'ch no doubt the Forces at F't Duquesne are apphs'd of and naturally win go up the River Ohio to the Assist'ce of these Places, and will rem'n satisfied and secure y't no Attempt y's Year will be made on the Ohio, under y's, y'r Security, w't may You not do if You march over the Mount's the Beginnin'g of Sept'r? Y'r People by y't Time will be well refresh'd, and I hope in high Spirits if You can dispell the Panick they were at first seiz'd with. W't a fine Field for Hon'r will Colo. Dunbar have to confirm and establish his Character as a brave Officer, and w't will he have in View to retrieve the Loss we sustained the 9th of y's Mo. ! Recover the Train of Artillery and the Hon'r of the British Forces. If You cannot attack their Fort in form You may be able to besiege thera, and by prevent' g any Supplies of Provis's starve thera out; for I cannot see where they can be supplied. They have none in Canada, and the Embargo laid on the British Colonies will effectually prevent their Supplies. Add to y's the Ships taken by Adm'l Boscawen y't were loaded w'th ah sorts of Necessaries, must, in ray Opin ion, reduce ah the Fr. on y's Cont't to great Wants. It's ray duty to H. M'y, as G'r of y's Dom'n, to make the above Pro posal to You, w'ch, if it meets w'th Y'r Approbat'n or y't of a Council of War, will give me much Pleasure. I must entreat You to give me imediate Notice of Y'r Inclinat's, and if You 120 dinwiddie papers. think it eligible to put the above in Execut'n, y't I may accord ingly apply strongly to our Assembly for their Concurrence and Assist'ce. No doubt You will see the Necessity of Keep'g Y'r Resolut' ns entirely secret, and I shall wait with great Impatience for Y'r Answer. I rec'd Y'r Let'r of the ist. Y'r Deserters and one of S'r Peter Halket' s are in proper Confinem't, but can not be maintain'd at the Price You propose, but they are allow'd the same as the lowest Prisoners, and I wait Y'r further Orders w't to do w'th them. It gives me great Pleasure y't under our great Loss and Misfortunes y't the Com'd devolves on an Officer of so great Military Judgera' t and establish'd Character. Pray, good S'r, consider seriously the above Plan of Operat's, or any other, to protect H. M'y's Colonies, defeat the View of the Fr. and to retrieve the Hon'r of the British Arms. I rem'n, w'th very sincere Respect and hearty Wishes for Success to all Y'r Proceedings, and am, Worthy S'r, Y'r most ob'd't h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO CAPTAIN ORME. July 28th, 1755. Dear Orme: I was at Hampton tak'g Care ofthe Como'd., who is gone for Engl'd, w'n I rec'd Y'r Let'r, w'ch I read with Tears in my Eyes w'n I read of our Defeat, the Death of worthy Gen'l Braddock, Mr. Shirley, and the many other of our F'ds and Acquaint' ces, but it gave much Pleasure to see Y'r Name at the Bottom of the Let'r, and more so w'n I observ'd by the Post script y't Y'r Wound is not dangerous. I sincerely wish You a quick Recovery. The Accident attending our Troops is w't I c'd not in the least expect, and the Panick y't seiz'd the private Men no doubt was the Bane of all our Misfortunes. But pray. Dear S'r, w'th the many Men remain'g, is it not possible by a second Attempt to retrieve the great Loss we have sustain' d? I have wrote pretty fully on y't head to Colo. Dunbar, who now Com'ds, and I wish w't I proposed to him may take Place. I have order'd our Assembly to meet Tuesday come Week, w'n dinwiddie papers. 121 I have no doubt they whl assist me to give a Re-inforcem' t to the Forces y't rem'n, and probably the Colo, will shew You w't I propose. The Behaviour of our Officers is much to their Hon'r, but the dastardly Conduct of the Private Men is with't Precedent ; or can History produce where so many British Forces were defeated by so few of the Enemy. But y's is a melancholy Story to think on, and I therefore will not in Y'r pres't Condit' n trouble You with my Remarks thereon, but am much obhg'd to You for the Acc't You sent me. I cannot help observ'g the Pleasure I have in the Acc't You give of the Beha viour of the Officers and Men rais'd in y's Dom'n. I shall send to Mr. Glen in regard to the Bills of Excha. I tho't his Step wrong in mak'g them payable to the Gen'l, and his indors'g them, if not properly p'd, subjected his private Estate to the Paym't, tho' I believe they will ah be properly p'd y't are in dorsed. You propose going to Phila' a for a Passage Home. The Comod. and myself tho't it a wrong Step, but if Y'r Wound will allow You to come here the Hornett Sloop waits to receive You. If You can, come soon, and I will carry You to Adm'l Boscawen, who, the Comod' e says, will accomodate You w'th a Passage Home ; the sooner You come the better, and if You write me, my Chariot shall meet You upon the Road. If You determine on y's, bring the Bills w'th You, w'n [we] shall con sult what's proper to be done w'th them. I presume the Gen'l's Chariot is at the Fort ; in it You raay come here, and my House is hearthy at Y'r Com'd. The Atto'y is obliged for the Acc't You give of his Bro. Harrison. Mr. Randolph wih take boy Tom, according to agreement, who You may bring or send down. Pray take Care of Y'r valuable Health, keep Y'r Spirits up, and I doubt not of Y'r Recovery. My Wife and Girls join me in most sincere Respects and joy at Y'r being so well, and I always am with great Truth, D'r Fr'd, Y'r affec. humble serv't. 122 dinwiddie papers. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL INNES. July 26th, 1755. Dear Sir : I am sorry to find Y'r Intehigence of the nth were confirraed. The vile Behaviour of the private Men in the regu lars gives me Concern, as I think y's was the Bane of all our Misfortunes. I am heartily glad S'r Jno. St. Clair is with You, and [I] hope [he] is in a fair way of recovery. You say You refer further till You see me and the Com'o. as G'r of F't Cum- b' r d remains good, and I presurae You will not give it up yet. The Coraod'e sail'd for Londo. y's Day, by whom the melan choly fate of the Ohio was transmitted to the Ministry. I hear Noth'g of Mr. Boyd; he had 200/ St'r. for You. Is Noth'g to be done w'th the Men y't rema. ? There are four Mos. good for Business before the Winter sets in, and if the private Men have got quit of their Panick I think much may be done to retrieve the Loss we have sustain' d. Write me Y'r Tho'ts thereon, and if S'r Jno. is well enough advise w'th him. I wish You Health and Happiness, and am, S'r, Y'r aff. h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GEO. WASHINGTON, ESQ'R. July 26th, 1755. Dear Washington : The dismal Defeat of our Forces by such a handful of men gives me very great Concern, as also for the death of the Gen'l and so many bra\'e Officers, entirely owing to the dastardly Spirit of the private Men. Their Panick, I sup pose, made them deaft to all Com'ds, and in course was the Bane of all our Misfortunes. The train of Artillery being in the En emy's Possess'n is a monstrious Misfortune. However, I was glad to receive Y'r Let'r, and y't You came safe off with't any ^ Wound, after Y'r gallant Behav'r, on which I congratulate You and thank You for the Acc't You gave me of the Engagem't ; but I suppose You c'd not tell the Numb'r of the Enemy y't dinwiddie papers. 123 were kiU'd. But pray, S'r, w'th the Numb'r of Men remain'g is there no Possibility of doing someth'g the other Side of the Mount's before the Winter Mo's? I have wrote Colo. Dunbar on y's head, and if the private Men have got over their Panick I think they may do a great deal, as I suppose many of the Fr. wiU imediately go up the River Ohio, as they will not expect any attack from y's so soon after the late Defeat. Pray write me Y' r Opinion thereon. I have called the Assembly, and do not doubt of their concurring with me in any Th'g reasonable for the Service. I have order'd three Compa's of Rangers to the Frontiers, but surely You must Mistake. Colo. Dunbar will not march into Winter Q'rs in the Middle of Sumer and leave the Frontiers of his Majesty's Colonies open with't proper Fort ificat's and expos'd to the Invasions of the Enemy. As he is a better Officer and I have a different opinion of him, I shah wait w'th Impatience an Answer to my Let'r to him by y's Exp's. I thank You for the List of Officers KiU'd and Wounded. It ' gives me much Concern to observe so many brave Men in a manner Murder'd for defect of the private Men's not doing their Duty. I sincerely wish You Health and Happiness, and am with great Respect, S'r, Y'r very h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR DOBBS. July 28th, 1755. Dear Sir : I am sorry I have the Occasion to write You of the Defeat of our Forces on the Monongahela under the Com'd of Gen'l B k. Copy of the two enclos'd Let's will give You the Particulars thereof Y'r Son was not in the Engagem't, but was with Colo. Dunbar by some stink' g Weeds in the Woods. Y'r Son's Sight is hurt, but he will soon recover it. If Mr. Glen, agreeable to promise, had prevail'd over a Number of the Cherokee and Catawba Warriors to join our Forces we sh'd not in all probability been defeat' d, as they w'd have attack'd the Ind's in their Bush way of fight'g, w'ch the Regulars are 124 DINWIDDIE papers. Strangers to ; but by Y'r Let'r of the 7th of y's Mo. y't Gent. had a meet'g with those two Nat's of Ind's at the very time they sh'd have join'd cur Forces. He has all along, I think, done every Thing contrary to his Duty and the Serv'ce of the Expedit'n. The Forces y't rem'n are all ret'd to F't Cumb'l'd, and as there are three Mo's wherein they may do Business, I have wrote Colo. Dunbar, who now Com'ds them under Gen'l Shirley, y't I have call'd our Assembly to meet Tuesday come Week, y't if he wih make another Attempt over the Mount's I can promise hira a Reinforcem't of four or 500 Men in less than a Mo., but I fear that there is such a Panick among the People y't they will not venture again. The Loss of our Artillery is monstrous, as they undoubtedly will turn them ag'st us, tho' they destroy' d a great many y' t were with Co. Dunbar. I believe You will agree with me y't Mr. Glen has been very deficient in his Duty, and has rather been an Obstacle y'n Assist' t to the Expedit'n. His M'y's Arms, by Sea and Land, have been much more successful in Nova Scotia, as You may observe by the enclos'd Paper, w'ch You may depend on, and I doubt not the other French Ships of War and Transports are in Possess'n of Adm'l Boscawen. All the Ships of War y't were here, Capt. Arbuthnott only excepted, are gone to Nova Scotia. Comod. Kepple sail'd Yesterday for Engl'd. Fifty Suits of Cloth' g for Y'r Rangers were d'd Colo. Hunter, and undoubtedly he will forward them agreeable to Y'r Orders. The enclos'd Let'r for Mr. Glen I beg You'll send by Ex's, as it's of Consequence y't he may receive it soon, the Charge thereof I shall readily pay You. If we had succeeded on the Ohio w't a fine Campaign we sh'd have made y's Sum mer. G'l Shirley is gone with 2,000 Men to Niagara, and I hope in Possess'n of y't Fort before y's Time. G'l Johnston, I be lieve, with 5,000 Men, is march'd to Crown Point. I send an Ex's y's Week to N. York ; w't News he may bring I shall comunicate to You. Pray write me Y'r Tho'ts on our pres't Situat'n of Affairs. Wish'g You Health and Happiness, I sin cerely am, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't h'ble serv't. P. S. — It's natural to believe these Banditti wih endeav'r to Rob and murder our frontier Settlem'ts. I therefore have three Compa's of Rangers to oppose their Wicked Designs. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 125 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR GLEN. July 28th, 1755. Sir : I am sorry I have the Occasion to inform You ofthe Defeat of our Forces on the Monongahela under the Com'd of Gen'l B k. The enclos'd Copy of a Let'r from Mr. Orme, the Gen'l's Aid de Camp, wih teh You the Particulars. It's a fatal Stroke to H. M'y's Colonies at y's Tirae. I have reason to think if the Catawbas and Cherokees had sent us some of their Warriors, agreeable to their Promise, y's Disaster w'd not have happened to H. M'y's Arms, as they w'd have attack'd the Ind's in their own way, y't Method of bush fight'g not being known to regular Forces, and You promis'd Y'r Int't. to prevail with some of their Warriors to join our Forces on the Ohio ; but they sent me a Message y't You had sent for both the Cher okees and Catawbas to give You a meet'g on some Affairs, and y't in June, the very Time they ought to have join'd our Forces. Gov'r Dobbs, who is in the back Parts of his Gov't near the Catawbas, says You are gone by the Congaree attended by 3 or 400 Men, to meet w'th and give Pres'ts to the Cherokees, and y't You sent for the Catawbas to meet You. I wish y't Meet'g had been sooner or in the Fall of the Year. This unseasonable Meet'g of these People, You may observe, has been a very great Loss to the Expedit'n, and you very well know y't Gen'l B k and the Forces were ready to march ag'st the Enemy on the Ohio. Y's L(jss of so many brave Officers and Men is unpar- alel'd, and You are to judge whether You have done Y'r Duty to H. M'y, and w't Service You have done to y's necessary and just Expedit'n. You wih observe by enclosed Let'r on the Death of the Gen'l the last 2,ooo_;^ is not negotiable, and I believe they have run in debt for Beeves on the Cr. of it, and by the GenTs Orders I made some Purchases for the use ofthe Expedit'n to be p'd out of y't Money. I send You a List ofthe Bills, and think you sh'd procure Let's from the Drawers of them to pay the Money with't the Indorsem't of the Gen'l; but y's I refer to You. H. M'y's Arms have had more Success in Nova Scotia, w'ch you may observe by the within Paper, w'ch is true, and I do not doubt but Adm'l Boscawen has the other Fr. Ships of 126 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. War and Transports in his Possess'n. If we had succeeded on the Ohio y's Sumer' s Campaign w'd have reduc'd the Arrogance of the Fr., and probably confin'd them to Canada. The Loss of our Artillery is monstrous, as no doubt they will turn them ag'st us. It's a very Melancholy Affair, This I send You under Cover to Gov'r Dobbs with a Desire to forward it to You ime diately, and doubt not You wih see proper to ret'n me an An swer by y's Ex's. Whether the remain'g Forces will do any Th'g y's Sumer I know not. I have wrote Colo. Dunbai", who is the Coram'd'g Officer of these Forces, y't I had order'd our Assembly to raeet next Tuesday 7 night, and y't I could pro cure hira a Reinforcem' t of 4 or 500 Men if he w' d venture a Second Attempt over the Mount's. I am greatly Concern'd and hurried, and must therefore take Leave. W'th kind Respects, I am, Y'r Ex's most humble servant. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR SHARPE. July 29th, 1755. Sir : No doubt You have heard the disagreeable and unexpected Defeat of our Forces under G'l B k on the Banks of the Monongahela, the Gen'l and many gaillant Officers Kill'd and Wounded. They write rae the private Men of the two Regi ments were seiz' d with a Panick, obey'd no Orders, but broke and run off, leaving our Artillery in Possess'n of the Enemy. This News gave me a sensible Concern, and I tho't proper to call our Assembly the 5th of next Mo. to endeav'r to have Mil itary Law put in Force. As we are at pres't, the Militia is under no proper Cora'd. As there are stih four Mo's proper to do Busine.ss the other side of the Mount's I have wrote Co. Dunbar, who now Com'ds, y't if the private Men are recovered from their Panick, and if he will make another Attempt to recover the Hon'r we have lost by march'g ag'st the Enemy, y't I will in less than a Mo. reinforce him with 4 or 500 Men ; his forces by y't Time will be well refresh'd. I wrote him last Saturday, DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 127 and if the above meets with Y'r Approbat'n I wish You w'd back my Proposals. I am sorry for the Situat'n You are in with Y'r Assembly. Will not y's fatal Defeat rouse them from their ' lethargic Indolence ? or have You any Method left to assist in y's pres't Exigency of Affairs ? I know Y'r Inclinat's. Comod. Keppel sah'd last Saturday, by whom I sent Y'r Packett. All our Ships of War are gone to Nova Scotia, excepting Capt. Arbuthnott and the Hornett Sloop, w'ch waits to carry Dis patches to Adm'l Boscawen. He will sail in ten Days ; if You have any Com'ds they shall be taken Care of As G'l Shirley now Com'ds all the Forces, I have wrote him on the above Pro posal, or otherwise to send his Orders to Colo. Dunbar. I shall be oblig'd if You will order a fresh Horse to the Express ; he will leave his till he returns. I am much hurried, so hope You wih excuse Brevity and believe me to be in great Truth, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR MORRIS. July 29th, 1755. Sir: No doubt before y's You have an Acc't of the unexpected and fatal Defeat of our Forces on the Banks of the Mononga hela — a Defeat at this time of bad Consequence to the Ex pedit'n and these Colonies. There are four Mo's for doing Business the other side of the Ahegany Mount's, if Co. Dunbar, who now Com'ds, thinks it eligible, and if the Panick the pri vate Men were seiz' d with can be dispell' d. I have wrote him on the Head and have call'd the Assembly to meet me next Tuesday, w'n I have no Doubt they wih enable me to reinforce him w'th 4 or 500 Men at least. If he sh'd think my Proposal eligible we raust depend on Y'r Colony for Flour, &c. The Fr. on y's Defeat will be in Security, and if they hear of Gen'l Shurley's attack' g Niagara it's probable they wih leave the Ohio for Defence of y't Place. In Course the Attempt on their Fort on the Ohio may be the more easy. There are four 12-Pounders at Winchester and two four-Pounders at F't Cumb'l'd, w'ch I 128 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. think are sufficient. If they cannot force their Trenches at their Fort, may they not besiege them and starve thera to surrender, for I cannot conceive where they can be supplied with Provis's, as I hope before y's, Adm'l Boscawen is in Possess'n of all their Ships of War and Transports from old France. Give me Y'r Opinion on -the above Proposal and the News You have from G' 1 Shirley, and if G' 1 Johnston has prevail' d with the Six Nat's to take up the Hatchet ag'st the Fr. and if he is march'd for Crown Point. We cannot expect to succeed every where, and tho' the Defeat on the Monongahela is much unexpected, yet I cannot but think it may be soon retriev' d if our forces can re cover their Spirits and act like Britons. Be so kind to order a fresh Horse to the Ex's to proceed to N. York. I shall be glad to hear frora You. Pray tender ray kind Respects to Mr. Allen. I rem'n in Truth, S'r, Y'r most humble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR BELCHER. July 29th, 1755. Dear Sir: I doubt not before y's You have heard of the unex pected Defeat of our Forces on the Banks of the Monongahela, the Death of Gen'l Braddock and many brave officers. Y's fatal Defeat is of great Loss to the Expedition and these Col onies, but it's not to be expected we sh'd succeed in every Attempt. The Loss of our Train of Artihery is great, as the Enemy, no doubt, wih, turn them upon us, but probably in Time they may be recover'd. I much want to hear the Success of Gen'l Shirley ag'st Niagara, and if Gen'l Johnston prevail'd with the Six Nat's to take up the Hatchet ag'st the Fr., and if he is march'd ag'st Crown Point, or any other News, y't from Nova Scotia is very agreeable. I hope the Money for the Arms, &c., supphed Y'r Province is remitted to Mr. Hanbury, as we are now greatiy in want of Arms. Y't Gent, is order'd to lay out y't Money in Arms imediately, and send them here. I wish You Health, and am, with great Respect, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't h'ble serv't. dinwiddie papers. 129 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR DeLANCEY. July 29th, 1755. Sir: No doubt before y's You have an Acc't of the unexpected Defeat of our Forces on the Banks of Monongahela, under the Com'd of Gen'l Braddock, the Death of the Gen'l and many brave officers, and y't our Train of Artihery is in the Hands of our Eneraies, w'ch undoubtedly they will turn ag'st us. These Things give me a sensible Concern. I enclose You Copy of Mr. Orme's Let'r to me on y't great Loss. On the Death of Gen'l Braddock, the Com'd of the Forces devolved on Gen'l Shirley. The Remainder of the Forces from Monongahela, under Colo. Dunbar's Com'd are now come to Fort Cumb'l'd, and there I presume they will remain till they have Gen'l Shirley's Orders, w'ch occasions my sending y's Exp's. Sir, as it is for H. M'y's Service, I earnestly desire You will with all possible Dispatch send an Exp's w'th my Packet to Gen'l Shirley. As it contains Affairs of great Consequence and requires the utmost Dispatch, I therefore depend on Y'r Goodness to send it off imediately, and if You think proper raay detain the Person y' t brings ray Let's till Y'r Messenger returns, or send my Messenger back and send a fresh Ex's with the GenTs Let's to me. I much expect to hear of Gen'l Shirley's having taken Fort Niagara. If Gen'l Johnston has prevail'd with the Six Nat's to take up the Hatchet ag'st the Fr. , and if that Gent, is march'd to Crown Point, w'ch please inforra rae. We cannot expect success in all our Plans of Operat's, tho' I always tho't y't to the Ohio was the most likely to succeed. The Success of H. M'y's Arms both by Sea and Land at Nova Scotia gives much Pleasure, and in some Measure aleviates the Loss at Monongahela, and I hope the other Men of War and Transports from France have fallen into Adm'l Boscawen' s Hands. All the Men of War y't were here are gone to Nova Scotia, except a 20 Gun Ship. Com'o. Keppel sail'd for London last Saturday. I shall be glad of any News You may have, stih repeat' g my earnest Desire y' t the Packet to Mr. Shirley may be imediately forwarded. Wishing You Health and Happiness, I rem'n with much Esteera andsin cere Respect, Hon'bl Sir, Y'r most ob'd't h'ble serv't 130 dinwiddie papers. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GENERAL SHIRLEY. July 29th, 1755. Sir : I doubt not before y's You have heard of the unexpected defeat of our Forces on the Banks of the Monongahela under the Com'd of Gen'l Braddock, of his Death, and many more brave Officers, &c. I send You enclos'd a Copy of Mr. Orme's and Colo. Washington's Let's on y't unlucky Affair, as also a List of the Officers kihed and Wounded." Y's News gaye me a most sensible Concern, as I never doubted of the Success of our Arms on the Ohio, as I think we were more numerous than the Enemy, and hav'g so large a Train of Artihery ; but the Battle, we may observe, is not to the strong nor the Race to the Swift. On y's Misfortune I consider'd we had four Mo's of the best Weather in the Year to retrieve our Loss (we have very littie Winter here before Xtmas), therefore wrote my Tho'ts and Opinion to Colo. Dunbar, Copy thereof You have here enclos'd, and on the Death of the Gen'l the Supreme Com'd ofthe Forces devolves on You. I therefore tho't it necessary to send You a Copy of y't Let'r, believ'g Colo. Dunbar w'd do Nothing with't Y'r Orders. Our Assembly meets next Tuesday, w'n I have no doubt of their qualify' g me to reinforce him with 400 or 500 Men, if you approve of my Plan. It's more than probable y't the Fr. will set down easy, and expect ho further Attempts this Year, and very likely y't many of them will go for Canada'; if so, I hope the Vessells on Lake Ontario wih give a good Acc't of them. If You sh'd not approve of my Proposal, I hope You will order Colo. Dunbar and the Forces to rem'n on our Frontiers to defend H. M'y's Colonies from their Insults and Devastat' s of the Enemy ; for if he sh' d leave our Frontiers it's more than probable they will come over the Mountains, rob and murder our People. There has always been many flying Parties of Fr. and Ind's y't have murder'd 40 of our People, rob'd them of w't they had, and burn'd their Houses. I immediately order'd three Compa's of Rangers " This list, with valuable annotations, wih be found in Sargent's His tory of Braddock's Expedition, published by the Historical Society of Pennsylvania in 1855. dinwiddie papers. 131 to go on our Frontiers to resist their Insults, with Orders to kih all the Fr., Ind's, &c., they met with. I doubt not but You win be of Opinion w'th me y't some Thing sh'd be imediately done, and y't the Forces remain'g are not to sit down quietly after the Loss we have sustain' d, but if the Panick y't seized the private Soldiers sh'd be remov'd and after a Month's refreshm't and recovery of their Spirits they may be able to retrieve our Loss; but y's I leave to Y'r superior Judg ment. I think if we rem'n easy under y's Loss it will give great Spirits to the Enemy, and therefore am of Opinion someth'g sh'd be done while they rem'n in Security think'g y't no more will be attempted y's Year; they may be the sooner vanquish' d. I send y's Ex's on Purpose for Y'r Orders and Direct's on y's Emergent Occas'n. I therefore hope You whl give him quick Dispatch, and no Doubt Y' r Orders whl be imediately comply' d with. I hope y's will find You in Possess'n of the Fort at Ni agara, and shall be glad to hear Gen'l Johnston prevail'd with the Six Nat's to take up the Hatchet ag'st the Fr. and y't he is on his March to Crown Point We cannot expect to be fortu nate in all our Plans of Operat's, but the Success of His M'y's Arms in Nova Scotia gives me great Pleasure, and in some Measure alleviates the great Loss at Monongahela. The Loss of our Artillery is monstrous, as no doubt the Enemy will turn them ag'st us. I know not how much of thera are lost, but I think if Colo. Dunbar had made a stand at the Meadows the Enemy w'd not have attack'd us in an open Field; but I hear he destroy'd every Th'g y't their Provis's and ah, and march'd in to F't Cumb'l'd. As he is esteem'd a good Officer, no doubt he has good Reasons for so doing; but I am fully convinc'd they w'd not have attacked him there. The People in y's Dom'n are greatly alarm'd, and I have good Reason to think they will do every Thing in their Power to forw'd a second At tempt ag'st the Enemy. I shall wait with great Impatience for the ret'n of y's Ex's, as the future Designat'n of the Forces is entirely with You. I therefore hope You will give the Messen ger all possible Dispatch. Wish'g You Health and Success in all Y'r Operat'ns, I rem'n, with great Esteem and due Respect, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't h'ble serv't. 132 dinwiddie papers. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO LORD FAIRFAX. July 30th, 1755. My Lord: I rec'd Y'r two Let's, and am sorry for the Situat'n our Affairs and of the Bloody Flux being in Y'r Family, but hope e'er y's it is abated, and y't Mr. Martin is well recover'd. As our Assembly meets on Tuesday, I hope to be enabled to protect our frontier Counties, and indeed the Co'try in general, w'ch, I think, is at pres't much expos'd, if the Enemy sh'd come over the Mount's. I have order'd Maj'r Campbel (the Bearer hereof) to proceed up, and as he is an Adjutant, I have order'd him to exercise the Mihtia ofthe three frontitr Counties, and I desire You wih please give him Y'r Countenance and Protect'n. I am much hurried, but desire to assure You I am, with very great Esteem, Y'r L'ds. most h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL PATTON. August ist, 1755. Sir: I am very sorry for the distres' t Condition of Y'r Co'ty, but ara fully of Opinion if Y'r People had at first met in a Body they might have safely destroy'd the few Ind's y't insulted and bar barously murder'd the People. You know there are no Guns; the other Counties send for the little Powder and Shott I have to spare, and my Tirae is so rauch taken up w'th the Pubhc Affairs y't I cannot comply with every Dem'd since You left Y's [day] I have sent a Cart load of .Amunit'n, &c., to Y'r Ct Ho. How can You think I am able to order Sustenance to the Poor People y't have left their Plantat's? I wish they had not been Seiz'd with such Panick as prevent' d their resist' g the few Enemies y't appear'd in Y'r Co'ty. You Know the Money voted me by the Ho. of Burgesses for pay'g and maintain'g three Companies of Rangers. If You can be spar'd to come to the Assembly next Week, You shall have some of y't Money. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 133 I have gold Reason to believe the Ind's are not so nuraerous as You imagine; however, ah possible Care sh'd be used to opose their Barbarities. The Ind's y't iiitended here with Pearis, I wish You c'd dissuade them from coming, as I am at pres't much hurried. Use them well and give them some small Pres'ts, for w'ch You shall be p'd, and let them know y't I greatly de pended on some of the Warriors of the Cherokees and Catawbas to have join'd our Forces on the Ohio. See if You can find out their Reasons for not going there according to their Promise. I wish it was in my Power to supply the Dem' ds of each Co' ty, but You wih know with't a Vote of Assembly, I cannot do as I w'd. I recomend You to the Protect'n ofGod, and am. Sir, Y'r h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR MORRIS. Aug'st 5th, 1775. Sir: I wrote You last Week ^ an Ex's, to w'ch please be re fer'd. My friend, Mr. Osborne, intending to settle in Y'r City, hir'd a Sloop to accomodate himself and Family, w'ch gave me an Opp'ty of send'g Joseph Russell, who was some Mo's ago sent me by Colo. Innes from F't Cumb'l'd on Suspicion of beitig a Spie frora the Fr. He has been in our Prison some Time, and I intended to have sent hira for Britain, but he says he liv'd for some Years in Y'r Province, and entreated to be sent there to some of his Friends, in w'ch I indulg'd him. If You please to exaraine him in regard thereto, if he tehs Truth, it's weh, otherwise he may be confin'd in Y'r Gaol, if You shall see it necessary. I rauch want to hear what Gen'l Shirley and Gen'l Johnston has done in reg'd to Crown Point and Niagara. Our Assembly sits down this Day week, inhances my Time. I am, with very sincere regard and respect, S'r, Y'r most h'ble serv't 134 dinwiddie PAPERS. ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY. Gent'n of the Council and Gent'n of the Ho. of Burgess' s: August 5th, 1755. I am truly sorry for the Occasion of call'g You together again so suddenly, but the unexpected and fatal Defeat of Gen'l Braddock at Monongahela made it absolutely neces sary to cah the Assembly, y't the most vigorous and speedy Efforts might be Exerted to prevent the distructive Effects of an Event particularly threaten'g y' s Colony w' th the most fatal Consequences. The Let's I rec'd from Mr. Orme, Aid-de- Camp to the Gen'l, and Colo. Washington, I shah cause to be laid before You. ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE HOUSE OF BURGESSES. Gent'n of the Ho. of Burgesses : As the Road from F't Cumberland to the Ohio is now open'd and our Enemies possess'd of great Part of our Ar tillery, y's Colony is extremely laid open and expos'd to the Insults of a barbarous and inhuman Enemy, flush'd and elated with their late Success. This lays You, Gent'n, under an indis pensable Necessity of doing every Th'g y't ma)- conduce to dislodge those Murderers and preserve our Fehow Subjects from the base and horrid Butcheries y' t they have already given us so many exasperat'g Specimens of, and are irapatient to re peat. I have endeavored to check their \'iolence by order' g out three Compa's of Rangers in the three frontier Counties, but it is with You, Gent'n, to effectuate my earnest Desire of serv'g my Royal Master and sav'g his People, by strength' g my Hands w'th such Means as may best enable me to act w'th Quickness and Force on every Occasion, as the Emergency of our Affairs may require. The first Preparative is, I conceive, to form and enforce such a Law as mav render the Militia both dinwiddie PAPERS. 135 able and ready to be useful w'n called upon to deferid their Co'try, and therefore I w'd recomend to You the Forming such an Act as raay oblige every Subject y't is able to bear Arms to be ready and obedient on ah occasions, to acquire such Military - Knowledge and submit to such military Disciphne as can alone make them act with Safety and Hon'r to themselves and Uthity to their Co'try. The natural Bravery of our Countrymen, if ever questioned, is now establish' d beyond a Doubt by those Virginia Forces who purchas'd with their Lives immortal Glory to their Country and themselves on the Banks of Monongahela. It remains only to regulate and Conduct this Valor, of w'ch our People are so emminantly possess' d ; and then to furnish them with the proper Means for applying it in Action. The mention of y's last Request suggests to me the unarm' d and unprovided State of the Colony; w'ch, with great Concern, I find by an exact Enquiry y't I have just now caus'd to me made, is such as requires Y'r immediate Considerat' n of and Provision for. The brutal Savages who are lurk'g and prowl' g ab't our habitations to perpetrate the most cruel Outrages have justly subjected themselves to be consider'd rather as devour' g Beasts of Prey than hostile Men. Therefore, I hope You will think the Mea sures taken by our Brethren of N. England expedient for Y'r safety also, and by giv'g a Reward for the tak'g or scalping our Indian Enemies, provide such an Encouragem' t as may induce our People to cut off the Destroyers before they corae to exe cute their propos'd Villanies on our helpless Wives and poor defenceless Babes, after whose Blood the insatiate Cowards thirst incessantly. Whatever be determin'd on in y's imminent Dan ger, I doubt not You will consider that the putting those Reso lut' s in Execut'n will be attended with Expence, w'ch, however great and burthensorae at present, yet will be render'd less un easy by the Considerat' n to w'ch I hope every one will recur. Y't it is to preserve to us and our Posterity the raost invaluable, and by all Mankind Esteem'd, the most dear and most desirable of all human Treasures— Religious and Civil Liberty. The Magazine in y's City is much expos'd, I therefore think it abso lutely necessary to have a Guard-Room built, and a proper Guard establish'd, to be by due Rotation constantly in Duty. I hope You wiU agree w'th me y't y's is necessary, and accord ingly appropriate a sufficient Sum for build' g the Guard- Room and paying the Guard. 136 dinwiddie papers. ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE HOUSE OF BURGESSES. Gent'n of the Ho. of Burgesses: The urgency of every Circumstance attend'g y's un happy Cause of Y'r Meet'g wih, I hope, excite y'r utmost Dih gence, and y't You wih expedite Y'r Proceedings with the closest Applicat' n and Attent'n of the important Purpose, w'ch wih by no means admit of any delay, lest we verify the appro- brious Taunt of our Enemies, who boasted " That they wou'd employ in Actions the Time we wasted in futhe and undetermi- nate Considerat' s. " Gent, of the CouncU, Mr. S. and Gent, of the Ho. of Burgesses, never was any Assembly whereon more imraediately depended, not to say the Hon'r only, but the Pres ervat'n and Safety of the Colony. Let our Country's Danger enflarae our Bosoras with the raost vigorous Resolut' s to signal ize ourselves in her Cause on every Occasion, either in Council or in the Field, and emulous of the brave Example of our slaughter' d Heroes, let us seize every opp'ty to enrol our Names in the Record of immortal Hon'r with theirs, whose Obsequies we sh'd celebrate, not with fruitless Lamentat's, but with just and annimated Vengence on their destroyers. ADDRESS OF THE COUNCIL TO GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE. Aug. 7th, [1755.] Sir: We, H. M'y's most dutiful and loyal Subjects, the Council of Virg'a, now met in Gen'l Assembly, most heartily ret'n Y'r Hon'r our unfeign'd and cordial Thanks for Y'r truly affec tionate Speech at the Open'g of y's Session, and our sincere Acknowledgm' t for Y'r unwearied Applicat' n to the Royal Serv'ce and the Estabhshment of the common Happiness and Tranquility of y's Co'try upon a Perman't Foundat'n. We esteem it a fresh Instance of Y'r great Regard for the Hon'r and Int't of y's Colony y't you have call'd us together at y's dinwiddie papers. 137 critical Juncture. The unexpected Defeat of G'l Braddock is an Event w'ch particularly threatens y's Cont't, and requires the most speedy Efforts to prevent the dreadful Consequences thereof Animated, Sir, by Y'r pathetick Advice, encourag'd by Y'r Example and fuhy sensible of the distructive Schemes of a cruel and perfidous Enemy, we assure Y'r Hon'r y't in Con junction w'th the Ho. of Burgesses, we will exert our utmost Endeavours to maintain the just Rights of the Crown, preserve our Fellow Subjects from the Incursions of the Ind's and disap point the ambitious Views of France. The Cause of our Co' try, w'ch w'd blead at their Success, the Considerat' n of our brave, tho' unfortunate Countrymen, and. of our Families, w'ch wou'd fall into Want and Desolat'n, fire us with the most ardent Warmth to defend our religious and civil Liberty and to disap point their bold and treacherous Designs, who are plotting the Ruin of us and our Posterity. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE'S REPLY. Gent'n of the Council, I am greatly oblig'd to You for Y'r kind and affectionate Address, and for the just Observat' s You make at y's Time, and Y'r sincere Intent' n of join' g with the Ho. of Burgesses in maintain'g the just Rights of the Crown and preservat'n of our Fehow Subjects. From these Sanguine Resolutions what may we not expect with the Countenance of Heaven on our Endeavours ? It gives me infinite Pleasure, in our pres't unhappy Circumstances, to see You, Gent'n, so bravely resolute to support and defend our religious and civil Liberties; for all w'ch I raost sincerely thank You. And I de sire to assure You y't I whl to the utmost of my Power join with You in those necessary and desirable Ends. 138 dinwiddie papers. THE HUMBLE ADDRESS OF THE HOUSE OF BURGESSES TO GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE. August 7th, [1755.] Sir: We, H. M'y's most dutiful and loyal Subjects, the Bur gesses of Virg'a, now met in Gen'l Assembly, return Y'r Hon'r our Sincere Thanks for Y'r Affect, speech at the Open'g of y's Session. The defeat of H. M'y's Forces under the Cora'd of Gen'l Braddock, and the Loss of so many brave Men, who glo riously died in the Cause of their King and Co'try, must natu rally affect us with the greatest Concern. But these unhappy Strokes of War serve only to animate a just Resentm't and en gage us to exert our utmost Spirit and Vigour ag'st a barbarous and inhuman Enemy, the slaves of arbitrary Power and the Disturbers of the Peace of Mankind. Actuated by these Sen tim'ts and influenc'd by the strongest Principals of Fidelity to H. M'y and Love to our Co'try, we beg leave to assure Y'r Hon'r y't no Endeav'r on our Part shall be want'g to repell these cruel Invaders of our Properties, being fully convic' d the People of Virg'a will think no Burthen too grevious y't shall be found Necessary for the Preservat'n of y't w'ch is so valuable and dear to them — their civh and religious Liberty. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE'S REPLY. Mr S. and Gent, of the Ho. of B. . I return You my sincere Thanks for Y'r affectio. and loyal Address. It breaths the true Spirit of Patriotism; it is so expressive of Y'r Duty to the King and Love for Y'r Co'try. It also strongly displays Y'r just Resentm't ofthe Defeat of G'l B — d — k and the loss of our brave Countrymen. It gives me great Pleasure to observe Y'r Intent's to do aU in Y'r Power to repell the cruel Invaders of our Properties. Noth'g shall be want'g on my Part to assist in so desirable a Work, and w't Confidence You may repose in me shall always be discharg' d with Probity to these great and important Ser vices. dinwiddie papers. 139 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO SIR THOMAS ROBINSON, (PER CAPTAIN CRAWFORD). Aug'st 7th, 1755. Sir: The enclos'd is Copy of my Let's ^ Comod. Keppel, w'ch, I doubt not, y't Gent d'd w'th his own Hand. On my ret'n to y's Place, I imediately sent an Ex's to Colo. Dunbar, who Comanded the Remainder of the Forces at F't Cumb'l'd, Copy of w'ch Let'r I here enclose You and his Answer to me. I also sent an Ex's to G'l Shirley; Copy thereof I also enclose You. You will please observe how short Colo. Dunbar is in his Let'r to me, w'ch is the only one I have had since the Battle. He has not given me any Acc't ofthe Action, or an Acc't of w't Stores he left at F't Curab'l'd, but the 2nd of y's Mo. He march'd all the Regular Forces of the two Regim'ts and two of the Independ't Compa's for Philad'a, w'ch is 200 Miles from F't Cumb'l'd, by w'ch Step he leaves the Frontiers of His M'y's Colonies entirely open to the Incursions of the Brutal Enemy. In His Let'r he observes G'l Braddock intended Pensylva'a for his Winter Quarters. It's true I know he intended so to do, but surely if y's Gent'n had surviv'd, he w'd not have gone into Winter Q'rs the middle of Sumer, or w'd he have left the Fron tiers expos'd to the Insults of the Enemy. Co. Dunbar has left 400 Sick and Wounded with the few Rem' g of the Provincial Troops and a few of the M'yl'd Com'y to guard our Frontiers ag'st an Eneray y't defeated 1,300 pick'd Men. He has order'd one of the Independ't Compa's to Winchester, all w'ch is a mighty poor Defence. There are not above 200 of our Province Forces remain'g, for out of 3 Compa's y't were inthe Action not 30 rem'd; they behav'd so well y't if the Regulars had follow'd their Example, they w'd easily have defeated the Enemy. Colo. Dunbar, in his Let'r, complains for the Want of G'l Braddock's Instruct's from his M'y, &c. ; they were lost in the Battle. Capt. Orme, who was his Aid de Camp, c'd inform him of the whole, if he had tho't proper to enquire after it. Colo. Dunbar is so short in his Let'r y't he does not inform me y't Amunit'n was left in the Fort. The Amunit'n y't was in the Magazine of y's Gov't is alraost ex pended. The small Arms I sent to Gen'l B — d — k, the Gov't 140 dinwiddie papers. of N. York and the Jerseys, to qualify them to prosecute the Expedit'n ag'st Niagara and Crown Point, leaves us in Want. Upon his going to Winter Q'rs You may observe w't situat'n he has left y's Dom'n in, as M'y' I'd has absolutely refused grant' g any further Supplies. G'r Sharpe writes me he must discharge his Compa' y, so y't the Defence of the Frontiers is left to 200 of our M en and an independ' t Co' y at Winchester. By w' t Motives Colo. Dunbar proceeds to Winter Q'rs the middle of June, I know not, or how he can answer leav'g our Frontiers so defence less wit' tany Orders from Gen'l Shirley, who now Com'ds in Chief, I cannot acc't for; but it's very probable y't the Fr. and their Ind's will come over the Mount's, harrass, robb and mur der our People. Imediately on Col. D's march a great many of our back Settlers left their Plantat's and Crops on the Ground and came down the Co'try for their Safety. You will please consider the Miserable Situat'n y't y's Dom'n is now in. I im ediately call'd the Asserably. They met before we knew of D's march. I laid before them the Misfortune attend'g H. M'y's Arms and the defenceless Condition of our Country, and the necessity of reinforc'g the Army that remain'd. They were much alarm'd, and propos'd voting _,^6o,ooo to enable me to compleat our Compa's to 1,200 Men, w'ch, in my Opinion, w'd have been sufficient to defeat the Enemy, if the Scheme I pro pos'd to Colo. Dunbar had taken Place ; but he says he call'd a Council of War, w'n it was unanimously rejected, with't giv'g any Reasons for so doing. I acknowledge I was not bro't up to Arms, but I think Comon sense w'd ha\-e prevail'd not to leave the Frontiers expos'd after hav'g open'd a Road o^•er the Mount's to the Ohio, by w'ch the Enemy can the more easily invade us. Ah I can do at pres't is to compleat the Comp's rais'd here and be on the Defensive in guard' ng our Frontiers, where I have already order'd three Compa's of Rangers, be sides our other Men, to guard our Frontiers, w'ch are very ex tensive, and to curb, as much as they can, the Barbarities of these Banditti. I am of Opinion if the large Sum of Money the Nat'n has expended on y's Expedit'n had been remitted here with some experienc'd Officers, Serg'ts and Corporals, and the Men to be rais'd here on the Establishm't dur'g the Expedit'n, after y't to be discharg'd, y't I think they w'd have behav'd much better than the Regulars from Irel'd. Their Officers be- dinwiddie papers. 141 hav'd hke Britons and Heroes, but a Panick seiz'd the private Men so strong, they were under no Com'd, and by their Timidity left their brave Officers to be inhumanly kill'd by the Enemy. I dread the Consequ'ce of y's Defeat, as the Enemy no doubt are elated, and unless they are order'd from the Ohio to the De fence of Niagara and Crown Point (w'h I hope before y's are invested), w't may they not do in march'g into y's Co'try with our Train of Artillery ? The Affair appears to me so dismal, however, if any such Thing is attempted, I shall raise the whole Mihtia to oppose them, and every Th'g in my power shall be done for H. M'y's Service and the Defence of y's Dom'n I have the Hon'r to preside over, but the want of Arms and Amunit'n gives me real Concern. I sh'd therefore pray a proper Supply with all possible Expedit' n^ and H. M'y's Com'ds shall be duly and faithfully obey'd to the utmost of my Power and Capacity. I shall, therefore, impatiently wait for Y'r Com'ds, and I beg Leave to Assure You, I rem'n with great Deference and due Regards, R't Hon., Y'r most obed't h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE EARL OF HALIFAX. Aug'st 7th, 1755. R't Hon.: Inclos'd You have Copy of my Let'r ^ Coraodo. Keppel, to w'ch please be refer'd. On Confirmat'n of the De feat of our Forces on the Monongahela, I imediately sent an Ex's to Colo. Dunbar, who then Com' d'd the Reraains of our Army; Copy of w'ch Let'r and his Answ'r I here enclose You. Ialso sent an Ex's to Gen'l Shirley; Copy of y't Let'r I also enclose You, w'ch please Keep to Y'r Self, as I am directed only to correspond with the Sec'ry of State on y's pres't Expedit'n, yet I cannot shun inform'g You of the Occurrences here, as I know You are a great Patron of the British Colonies. You will please observe how short Co. Dunbar writes me, and it's the only L'r I have had from him since the Battle, an acc't thereof I expected from him, as also an Acc't of the Amunit'n and Stores, &c., at F't Cumb'l'd, ah w'ch he has omitted, and on 142 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. the 2d of y's Mo. march'd for Winter Q'rs to Phh'a, and leaves the Frontiers of H. M'y's Dom'o expos'd to the Incursions of a barbarous Enemy. The Road to the Ohio is open'd, the Enemy is possess'd of great Part of our Artillery; w't may they not do w'n they hear the Regulars have left us and gone 200 Miles from the Frontiers? W't indue' d Colo. Dunbar to go to Winter Q'rs the raiddle of Suramer, I know not, but y's is cer tain, he leaves y's Dom'n in a very bad Situat'n to resist the Force of the Enemy, an Enemy y't has already defeated 1,300 pick'd Men. By his March to Phila' a our back Settlers have left their Plantat's, Crops on the Ground, and come to the more inhabited part ofthe Co'try for Protect'n and Safety. Upon the Ace' t of the Defeat of our Forces, I call' d the Assembly, who met last Tuesday. I represented to them in the strongest Terms the Situat'n of our Affairs, the absolute Necessity of a further Supply. They agreed to augm't our Provincial Troops to 1,200 Men and vote ^40,000 to pay the Expence. This Reinforcem't I conceive w'd have been fully sufficient if the Plan I propos'd to Colo. Dunbar had taken Place; but much to the Surprize of every body here we were greatly disappointed, and more so at Colo. D.'s march to Winter q'rs, as we have four Mo's more proper for an Expedit'n over the Mount's than any other Time of the Year. The Officers of our Province Forces say y't after the Defeat of G'l Braddock if Colo. Dunbar had entrench' d himself in the Meadows with the Force and Artillery he had the Fr w'd not have ventur'd to attack him, and he w'd have been reinforc'd from y's [Dominion] ; but to the Contrary thereof the Amunit'n and Provis's were ah destroy'd, y't they were oblig'd to send for 30 Horse Load of Provis's for their March to Cum b'l'd Fort. There appears to be infatuat'n attending the whole of y's Expedit'n. The Gen'l's long Delay in marching gave the Enemy great Opp'ty of cohect'g all the Force they cou'd to the Fort on the Ohio; and as to the Disposition of the Army, I know no more than w't was included in the Let'r sent by the Comodore. Under this Emergency of our Affairs, I can only augment our Compa's to their fuH Number, and be on the De fensive to protect our Frontiers; but w't Adds to our Misfortune we have few Guns and little Amunit'n in our Magazine, hav'g sent 1,200 Arms to N. York and the Jerseys to qualify them to execute the Plan ag'st Crown Point and Niagara. I have en- DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 143 treated S'r T. Robinson to obtain a Supply to be sent out immediately. I am reahy fatigu'd in send'g Ex's, &c., tothe other Gov'ts on this unhappy Affair. I shall impatiently wait for further Orders, and every Th'g in my Power for H. M'y's Service shall be done with great Alacrity. I have the Hon' r of assuring You y' t I rema. with great Deference and due regard, R't Hon., Y'r L'd's most fa. and ob'd't h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COMMODORE KEPPEL. August 7th, 1755. D'R. S'r: I hope y's wih meet You safe arrived in Engl'd, y't You met Y'r Fr'ds in good Health, and y't every other Th'g succeeds agreeable to Y' r Merit and Wishes, w' ch will give me much Pleasure to hear. I was very sorry You had a violent and contrary Wind for three or four Days after You sail'd. Imedi ately on my ret'n to y's Place, I wrote Colo. Dunbar y't if the private Men had recover'd from their Panick, and he w'd make another Attempt to recover the Hon' r of the British Arms, I w'd reinforce him with four or 500 Men. The enclos'd is Copy of the Let'r I rec'd in answ'r with't giv'g me the least Acc't of the Action orof the Amunit'n Stores or Provis's at Ft. Cumb'l'd, he began his March the 2d of y's Mo. for Phila' a. It surprizes every body here y't he sh'd go to Winter Q'rs the middle of Sumer, and by y't leaves the Frontiers of H. M'y's Colonies expos'd to the Incursions of the Fr. and Ind's, and y't after hav'g open'd a road y't will facilitate their March ; and w't may they not do now they are possess'd of a great Part of our Train of Artihery? I imediately call'd the Assembly, w'ch, w'th the strongest Argum'ts I c'd make use of, I have prevail'd on them to grant 40,000;^, and on the strength of y't I sh'd have aug mented our Forces to 1,200 Men, w'ch, w'th those y't remain'd of the Army, w'd have made 2,000 Men, and I think y't Num ber is sufficient to defeat any Forces the Fr. c'd bring ag'st us. Several of the Officers of our Provincials think if Colo. Dunbar had staid at the Meadows before the Amunit' n, &c. , was de- 144 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. Stroyed the Fr. w'd not have attack'd him in an open Plain, and on his Let'r I sh'd have sent him ah the Reinforcem'ts I possibly c'd raise ; but as it is he so march'd to Winter Q'rs after leav'g very few Men to cover our Frontiers. I have appointed three Compa's of Rangers, and shall augm't our former to 6ro and be entirely on the Defensive tih I have Orders from Home. You cannot imagine w't a Consternat'n our People are in on y's Step of Colo. Dunbar's. I have sent an Ex's to Gen'l Shirley, and I hope he wih order those Forces back to protect our Frontiers. Capt. Orrae writes y't he is better, his Wound raends apace, but y't he raust see Gen'l Shirley before he goes horae; therefore continues in his Intent' n of going for Phila' a. The Hornet sails To-morrow ; I write the Adm'l the Situat'n of our affairs in y's Dom'n. Pray write me w't News You have. Wish'g You great Health and Fehcity, I rema. with due Regard and sincere Respect, Worthy S'r, Y'r affect' ate and most ob'd't h'ble serv't My Wife and Girls join me in Respects to You. Excuse me for not enlarging, being much hurried with our Assembly. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO JAMES ABERCROMBY. Aug'st 7th, 1755. Sir: I wrote You by Comodo. Keppel, to w ch please be refer'd. The fatal and unexpected Defeat of our Forces under Gen'l Braddock being confirm'd, I wrote to Co. Dunbar, who Com'ds the remain'g Forces, ifhe w'd make a second Attempt ag'st the Enemy I w'd reinforce him w'th 500 Men, but by a Council of War, ray Proposal was rejected, and Co. Dunbar, with the Regulars, is march'd to Phila'a for Winter Q'rs, w'ch Surprizes all our People y't he sh'd go to Winter O'rs the middle of Sumer and leave our Frontiers expos'd to the Incroachm'ts, nay Murders and Robberies of an inhuman Enemy. Our Assembly met last Tuesday, they have \'0ted ;^40,ooo to qualify me to augm't our Forces to 1,200 Men; y's w'd have been a fine Reinforcem't if my Proposal had taken Place, DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 145 but now I must be on the Defensive by employing our Forces to defend our Frontiers. Mr. Glen has acted an odd Part. I had applied to the Catawbas and Cherokees for 500 Warriors to join our Forces in the Month of June, which they promised; but G'r Dobbs writes me the last Mo. y't Mr. Glen had march'd into the Cherokee Co'try with 400 Attend' ts and had sent to the Ca tawbas to meet them there, which step disappointed me of their Assistance, and I doubt not but the fatal Defeat is much owing to the want of those People, as they w' d have fought the Fr. Ind's their own way; but I have not wrote y's Home, as he is superceded in his Gov't, but I have wrote my mind fully to himself As y's is now the Seat of War and y's Dom'n much expos'd, I suppose the Ministry will think proper to send a Mil itary Man over to Succeed me; if so, pray give me early Notice y't I may dispose of my Affairs and prepare for my Return Home. I never was so much dejected, for the Defeat of our Forces and Colo. Dunbar's leav'g us with the Regulars exposes the Country to great Insults, and, indeed, we are in want of Arms and Amunition, I having spared 1,500 Stand of Arras and all their Accoutrem'ts to the Gen'l, N. York and the Jerseys to qualify them to carry on the Expedit'n ag'st Crown Point and Niagara. I have wrote to S'r T. Robinson for a Supply; I de sire You will wait on him to put hira in mind of it and endeav'r if granted to send them out imediately, for I am ashamed to say our Militia is entirely unprovided with Arms or Amunit'n, w'ch is very unlucky at y's period of Time. I send You my Speech and the Addresses of both the Houses to me, w'ch You may put in the Pubhc Prints if You see it proper. A Ship from the Isle of May [?] brought the enclosed Let's from a French Man of War bound to the East Indies, which I took frora him. If tho't proper to open them You may apply to the Sec'ry's Office, as probably they may discover their Intent's in the East Indies; otherwise put them into the Post Office. I wish You Health, &c., and I am, D'r S'r, Y'r most h'ble serv't. 146 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL JAMES INNES. Aug. nth, 1755. Sir: I rec'd Y'rs ofthe nth Curt. The sudden March of Colo. Dunbar surprizes every Body here. I expected if he had not tho't proper to make a second Atterapt over the Mount's y't he w'd have canton'd his Forces at proper Distances along the Frontiers of H. M'y's Colonies to guard thera ag'st the Invasions of the Eneray, but to march off all the Regulars and leave the Fort and Frontiers to be defended by 400 Sick and wounded and the poor Remains of our Provincial Forces, appears to me absurd and very ill-judged. I shall, very soon, order the com pleating our Forces, as the Asserably have voted 40,ooo[_;^] for y't Purpose, and [I] believe they w'd have given ioo,c)Oo[_;^], if there had been any Probability of making a second Attempt, but now we must rem'n on the Defensive and endeav'r to pre vent the cruel Murders of the barbarous Enemy. I supplied the Gen'l with 400 Arms, New York with 700, and the Jerseys with 500 with all their Accoutrem'ts, so y't our Magazine is quite empty. Pray write me w't Spare Arms and Amunit'n is in the Fort, and if You know of any being lodg'd at anv other Place, for it will be of no Service to raise Men with't Arms and Amunit'n. Pray, have You not been able to get Acc't of the Numbers of the Enemy on the Ohio? Is there no Method of employing a trusty Ind'n to make y's Discover)-? I wish You c'd, by any Means, procure a true Acc't, for, I suppose, w'n they have Niagara and Crown Point is to be invested, most the Forces on the Ohio wih go to their aid. Y'r Desire of going Home for two Mos. is very reasonable; if You had wrote me a fortnight sooner, I sent an Exp's to Gen'l Shirley, and sh'd have desir'd it, but now if You send him Acc't ofthe long Time You have been confin'd to the Fort and the Necessity of Y'r seeing Y'r Famhy, I doubt not he wih give You leave to appoint a Dep'y during Y'r Absence. I am much fatigu'd with the Misfortunes attend'g our Affairs, writ'g to all the G'rs and in acting with our Assembly, y't I say no more at pres't, but y't my Wife and Girls join me in sincere Respects, and I am, S'r, y'r aff. F'd and h'ble serv't. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 147 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO SIR JNO. ST. CLAIR. Aug. nth, 1755. Sir: Y'r Let'r of the ist of y's Mo. I rec'd, and I am very glad You are in a fair way of recovery, w'ch I wish may be soon, and w'n able to travel I shah be glad to see You here. Our Assem bly [is] now [sitting], and have voted [_^]40,ooo, on w'ch, as soon as they rise, I propose compleat'g Forces. As to the Nurab's You discharg'd, &c., I shall not trouble You on y't Head till I have the Pleasure to see You. The officers who suffer'd in the late Action by loosing their Baggage I have recommended to the Assembly, and I hope they will be con sider'd. Probably the Scheme I proposed in my Letter to Colo. Dunbar may appear to some as impracticable, but as I now c' d reinforce him with 1,000 [men] I think they ought to have made a second attempt, if the Panick y't seiz'd the Private Men c'd have been dispeh'd ; but y't was nbt tho't proper. Pray, Sir Jno. , is it eligible y't Colo. Dunbar sh'd march to Winter Q'rs the mid dle of Sumer? The service the Regulars have done is they have open'd the Road from F't Cumb'l'd to the Ohio, w'ch will facihtate the Invasion of the Enemy on our Frontiers, w'ch are left to be defended by 400 Sick and wounded and the Remains of our Provincial Troops. I think his leav'g us in so distress'd [a] Condit'n is with't Precedent. And do not You think w'n the Enemy hears the Regulars are march'd for Philad'a, up wards of 200 miles from F't Cumb'l'd, may they not take the Advantage of y's Step, robb, plunder our People, burn their Habitat's and murder all y't may venture to resist them? I do not know the Rules of the Army, but I expected D r c'd not have left our Frontiers with't Orders frora Gen'l Shirley, to whom I sent an Express ten Days ago. I can not say it is an unexpected Thing, and it has rais'd great Uneasiness among our People y't after H. M'y's great Fav'r in send'g over these Forces for our Protect'n y't they have actually been a great Disservice to us by open'g the Road to the Ohio and leav'g us to defend the Frontiers. As I cannot assign any Reason for Colo. Dun bar's sudden March to Winter Q'rs, I 'suspend say'g any more till I see You. Pray take Care of Y'r Health, and I hope from 148 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. Y' r good Spirits You wih soon recover. My W[ife] and G[irl]s join me in kind Respects, and I am, S'r, Y'r most h'ble serv't [P. S.] — H. M'y's poor Subjects on the Frontiers of y's Dom'n are left to the Mercy of an inhuman Enemy. A Dismal Situat'n indeed ! GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO CAPT. ROBERT OR.ME. Aug. nth, 1755. D'R S'r: I rec'd Y'r L'r of the ist Inst., and am heartily glad You are out of Danger and in a good way of recovery, w'ch may be soon. I send you a lb. of Tea, and wish I c'd tell any Thing else y't w'd be agreeable w'ch I desire You may write me. Y'r great Colo, has gone to a peacable Colony and left our Frontiers open to the Invasions of the Enemy. In his L'r to me he says G'l B — d — k intended Phila'a for his Winter Q'rs, but I am convinc' d if he had liv' d he w' d not have gone to Winter Q' rs the middle of Sumer, or left the Frontiers to be guarded by 400 Sick men and the Rem's of our P'orces. Y's Step of his I beheve is with't Precedent. I have sent to the Sec'ry of State a Copy of my L'r to him and his Answer to me, with some few Observat' s thereon. No doubt w'n the Enemy hears of the Regulars march'g 200 Miles from our Frontiers they will come over the Mount's, invade, raurder and robb our Inhabitants, w'ch they have already begun by raurder' g raany of our People in Augusta and Halifax. Our Assembly, now sitting, I have in the most press' g manner desir'd them to consider how much our Frontiers are expos'd by the Regular Forces go'g to Winter Q'rs. They are properly inform'd, and ha-\e already voted ;^4o,ooo to augm't our Forces and defend our Frontiers, and if the Colo, had notic'd or comply' d with my Scheme for a second Attack on the Enemy I c'd have re-inforc'd him with 1,000 Men, and I think from the Behav' r of our People as much may be ex pected from them as from the Regulars now here. I cannot assign any Reason for Colo. D.'s leaving the Frontiers of H. M'y's Dom's so much expos'd, but I sh'd be glad of hav'g a DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 149 fuh Acc't of the whole from You. I observe You continue in Opinion of going to Phila'a as You want to see Gen'l Shirley. I think You cannot expect to see him near Phila'a till late in Oct'r. I forgot to mention y't C[ol.J D[unba]r says all the GenTs Instruct's from H. M'y were lost in the battie, but I am convinc'd if he had applied to You he might have been inform'd of them. However, I observe Noth'g c'd divert him from his • determin'd Retreat to Winter Q'rs in the properest Season in the Year for Action. I have been so disturb' d with y' s Affair and the Hurry I am in with our Assembly y't I am quite fa tigu'd. Pray take Care of Y'r Health, and let no Business interfere to retard Y'r Recovery, and if Let's w'd go to G'l Shirley I think You had better come here ; but w' t ever You deterraine on I sincerely wish You Health and Success. My W[ife] and G[irls] join in kind Wishes and respects, and be assur'd I always am, D'r Orme, Y'r af h'ble serv't P. S. — I have wrote to Mr. Glen ab't the Bills of Excha. If they renew them, those You have will be expected to be given up. I, therefore, think You sh'd return them to me. Pray, was the Amunit'n, Provis's, &c., y't were with Co. D r de stroy'd by G'l Braddock's Orders? GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO CAPTAIN STEPHEN. Aug. nth, 1755. Sir: Y'r L'r of the ist I rec'd and observe Lieut's Savage and Bronaugh take Care of [the] Companies of the late Capt's Pol- son and Peyronnie, w'ch is well. I shall, as soon as the Assem bly rises, regulate our Forces by new Commiss. Till y't Time desire our People to remain easy, and let them know I am so much hurried I cannot answer their Let's. In the mean Time, I desire You will direct each Capt. to give a specifick Acc't of the Companies, mention'g each Officer and private Man's Name, the time they were enlisted, and they will be very soon com pleated. The Committee find much Fault with Y'r Acc'ts, and 150 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. as to the Arrears due to the Men, endeav' r to send me a partic ular Acc't ofit, as many ofthe private Men were enlisted in the Mo's of Jan'y and Feb'y. W'n I have y't Acc't I wih endeav'r to get their Arrears. You know by the Act of Assembly the Comittee had the sole Power of adjust'g and liquidat'g the Acc'ts, so y't I do not interfere with them. I shah endeav'r to have them on a more regular Proofing as to their Pay for the Future. I wish You Health, and am. [P. S.]— I have recomended the Officers y't lost ah their Equipage to the Assembly, and hope they will consider them. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO CHARLES DICK. Aug'st nth, 1755. Sir: I rec'd Y'r two Let's As to the Money due by a Widow to Mr. McNeih, at Fredericksburg. He shows a bad Principal in him in notjoining with You to Mr. Boyd to pay it. W'n Mr. Boyd comes here I shall speak to him to do You justice. As to the Cattle You purchas'd for the Troops, it was by Orders and Di rect's from G'l B — d — k, and no doubt Colo. Dunbar, who now Cora'ds, will order the Pay M'r to pay You, as they chiefly were for the regular Forces, and You know y's Co'tr)' will not pay for them. I have engag'd to pay for any y't G'r Dobbs may send to the Fort. The forces of y's Dora'n must be provided with Provis's, but I think they determine to pay no other Cha[rge]s of Provis's. The Assembly [is] now sitting; till they rise I can not teh the Number of Forces y't will be added to ours, but shall in proper Time apprise You thereof Pray send me Word the Qu'ty of Flour and other Provis's at the Fort, \\'inchester. or any other Place, y't a Calculat'n may be accordingly form'd. As to Y'r former Debts I know Noth'g of them. Vou know the Money I p'd You and Mr. Walker; I want a distinct Acc't signed by You both proper to be transmitted Home as a Voucher for me. As to the Debts You say ^'ou owe to the' People, You sh'd transraitt a proper and exact Acc't thereof to the Treasurer DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 151 to be laid before the Committee. You know the Act of Assem bly invests them with the sole Power of adjusting all Acc'ts. I know not w't has ruin'd the Expedit'n, but it appears to me there either has been some bad Managem' t or an Infatuat'n at tending them. The destroy' g the Provisions, &c., at the Mea dows appears a most unlucky, ill-judg'd Step, as they were obliged to send for Provis's for their Troops in their March back. Was it not possible to have made a stand at the Mea dows and send to the different G[overno]rs for a Reinforcera't, &c. ? We are in a very bad Situat'n on Co[l]. D.'s march to Phha'a, and more so as he whl not give Orders for pay'g the poor People. What of the Waggons and Horses y't were pur chas'd by y's Colony y't rema[in]s ? You sh'd take Care of [them], as probably they may soon be wanted. I believe there are 8 or 900 b'ls of Pork and Beef at Alexa'a, but the Charge, if not the impossibility of hav'g them transported to the Fort, is w't I cannot form a Notion how to Surmount. Write me if You know of any Arms' and Amunit'n at Winchester or any other Stores of any kind. I am extremely hurried, and am. Sir, Y'r most h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO CAPT. ANDREW LEWIS. Aug. nth, 1775. Sir : I rec'd Y'r L'r of the 4th, but I am so hurried with the Assembly and writ'g Home y't I cannot answer Y'r L'r fully. The Pay for Y'r Comp'y I raonthly left with Colo. Wood, but as Y'r Co'y is not compleat the Surplus of the Pay You may apply for Purchase of Provisions. I order'd Colo. Patton (for whose Death I am very sorry) to Comraiss' n a Capt., Lieut, and Ensign, and raise 50 Men as rangers. Whether he did it before his Death I know not, but in case he has not I send You three Comiss. for y't End, as You are next Com'd'g Officer of the Militia, and I hope it will not interfere with Y'r other Com'd, and I think you sh'd divide your Compa. into small Parties to seek for the Ind's, who have done great Mischief in Y'r Co'ty ; 152 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. and it's a great Surprize y't y'r Militia sh'd be silent and not more active to repeh these Miscreants. I send You 200;^ in Paper Curr' cy to be apphed for mainta' ng and c' r of the Rangers, w'ch Acc't must be kept separate from y't of Y'r Compa. I fear those Parties of Ind's You met with at Green Bryer were not f[rien]dly ones, but the very People y't have done the Mis chief The other part of Y' r L'r I cannot answer tih the As sembly rises, and y't I know w't they propose to be done. I am with regard, S'r, Y'r F'd, &c. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL DAVID STEWART. Aug. nth, 1755. Sir: I rec'd Y'r L'r, and ara heartily sorry for the Death of Colo. Patton, and I think he was wrong to go so far back with't a proper Guard. I hope the waggons with Amunit'n, &c., did not fall into the Hands of the Ind's, or can I conceive w't he was to do with it so far from the Inhabited Part of Y'r Co'ty. I have no Sraall Arras in the Magazine, but surely in the Co'try You may raise Men with Arms to destroy the few Ind's y't ap pear amongst You; it only wants proper Resolut' n. As Capt. Lewis is the next in Com'd ofthe Militia, I have sent him 200 _;^ to be applied entirely for the use of the Rangers y't may be rais'd with You. Y'r People surely are siez'd with an unrea sonable Panick w'n I c'onsider the few Ind's y't have done the Mischief Pray endeav'r to infuse a proper Spirit into them, y't they may defend their Lives and Fortunes. Our Assembly [is] stih sitting. I can say no more tih I know their Resolutions. Pray God protect You. I am, S'r, Y'r h'ble ser^¦'t. dinwiddie papers. 153 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO MAJOR JOHN SMITH. Aug. nth, 1755. Sir: Colo. Patton had my positive Orders to appoint You Com'd'r of the Co'y of Rangers rais'd in Y'r Co'ty; how he came not to obey it, I know not, however. You may raise forty Men, w'ch, with the Co'y comanded by Capt. Preston,*'' and a Co'y from Lunenburg of 50 Men y't have Orders to march ime diately to Y'r Assistance, I conceive wih be sufficient to scower the Woods of the Enemy and encourage Y'r People to return to their Plantat's, and y'n I think You wih not want the Militia. If You sh'd think it proper to erect a Fort on Holston's River to protect the Inhabitants, You may employ Y'r People in y't Service. Colo. Lewis wrote me he was next to Colo. Patton in Com'd in Augusta. Whoever is so by his Com'o. is to Com'd for the pres't, as I do not see any Necessity for appoint' g a Lieut. I sent Colo. Lewis 200 ;^, w'ch is to be entirely applied for the use of the Rangers. He is, agreeable to my Orders to Colo, Patton, at Johnson's River. As I did not know y't Colo. Patton had rais'd a Co'y of Rangers, I desir'd him to do it. It *' Captain William Preston, the only son of John and Elizabeth (Pat ton) Preston, emigrants from Ireland and pioneer settlers in Augusta county. He married Susannah, daughter of Frances and Elizabeth (Waddy) Smith, of Hanover county, and settled at Smithfield, near the present Blacksburg, Montgomery county. He was a man of marked energy and decision, and served as surveyor and County Lieutenant of Fincastle and Montgomery counties, and long as a member of the House of Burgesses. He left eleven children, who have been and are distin- guishedly represented in the names of Alexander, Brand, Brooke, Barr, Brent, Benton, Beall, Breckenridge, Bowyer, Bybee, Burwell, Cabell, Copland, Campbell, Carrington, Cochran, Christy, Colcock, Cocke, Cummings, Craighead, Carter, Des Meaux, Darby, Duncan, Ellis, Ed- moston, Fremont, Gray, Goss, Gatewood, Grigsby, Gibson, Hayes, Holmes, Hughes, Hampton, Humphreys, Hepburn, Hart, Hendren, Haines, Haskell, Johnston, Jordan, Jacob, Jones, Lowndes, Levy, Mevis, Moffett, Martin, Miller, Massie, Meredith, Murrell, Munford, Madison, McNaught, Peyton, Peters, Pleasants, Rhea, Randolph, Redd, Ramsay, Reynolds, Radford, Swope, Sheffey, Satterwhite, Thomas, Tevis, Thompson, Thornton, Taylor, Vance, Voorhies, White, WoodviUe, Warwick, Woolley, Willie, Woodson, Washington and others. 154 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. will therefore be proper [for] You to write to him y' t there are Rangers already form'd, and y't he send Money to support and pay them. Inclos'd You have a Com'o. for Y'r Self and a blank One for a Lieut. I desire You will be very diligent and give me Notice w'n any Th'g of Consequence occurs. I am. Sir, Y'r F'd, &c. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL JOHN BUCHANAN. Aug. nth, 1755. Sir : Y'r L'r of the Sth I rec'd, and am heartily sorry for the Death of Colo. Patton. It's a real Surprize to me y't the few Ind's y't have been in the Co'ty of Augusta sh'd have gone so great Lengths in robbing and murder' g Y' r People, w' n I consider Y'r Numb's, w'ch if they had acted with Spirit and Resolution I think they c'd have destroy'd them all and protected their Woraen and Chhdren ; but I fancy there has been a general Panick over the whole Co'ty. I ara sorry the Men You sent after the Murderers did not come up with them. There is a Co'y of 50 Men from Lunenb'g Co'y come into Y'r Co'ty, Y'r own Go's of Rangers of 50 Men, another Co'y of forty to be rais'd by C[ap]t. Sm'th with Ct. Lewis's Co'y, I think will be sufficient for the Protect'n of Y'r Frontiers with't call'g out the Militia, w'ch is not to be done till great Extremity. I am sorry to hear from You y't the Militia is not to be depended on or will they obey Orders, w'ch makes it obvious they have not been properly disciplin'd or kept in proper Com'd ; which, on refusal, you may punish them according to Law. I think some good Dogs w'd soon find out the sculking Places of the Ind's, so y't the Rangers may corae up with them, w'ch I recomend to be put in practice. You have had more Amunit'n and Arms y'n all the other Frontier Counties put together, and so it is y't I cannot supply You with any more. Last W^eek I sent Colo. Lewis 200^ for the use of the Rangers. The Rem'ns of Lieut. Wright's People, I order thera to join the Co'y imediately. Their Pay has been monthly p'd, and lies in Colo. Wood's Hands dinwiddie papers. 155 at Winchester, where their Capt. , no doubt, wih send for it and pay his Men. I have a L'r from Colo. Lewis, from Johnson' s River, where he is doing his Duty agreeable to my Orders to Colo. Patton, so I cannot charge him with Contempt or Disobe dience. I have done all in my Power for the service of Y'r Co'ty, but if Y'r People will dastardly give up their Famihes and Interest to a barbarous Enemy with't endeavour' g to resist them, they cannot expect to be protected with't their own Assist'ce ag'st these Banditti. I know not whether You or Co[l ] Lewis is the senior Officer in Y'r Co'ty ; the date of Y'r Com's whl shew y't, and he y't is senior must take charge of the Mihtia for some Time, for I shall not at pres't appoint any Lieut. Colo. Patton had my Orders to appoint Maj'r Sraith to Cora'd the ist Co'y of Rangers, but I find he did not do it; however, he is now appointed Capt of the 2d Company. I cannot help the Families des'rting their Habitat's. If they will run away from themselves and desert their Int'ts those y't rema. to defend the Co'ty may hereafter be tho't worthy of enjoying their Plantat's. I am S'r, Y'r most h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO LORD FAIRFAX. Aug. 14th, 1755. My Lord: I am hearthy sorry for the Behav'r of the People in Frederick and Hampshire. They appear to me to be under no Com'd, or have they a proper regard to their own Int't or y't of their Co'try. They seera to be siez'd with a Panick at the ap proach of a few Fr. and Ind's. I ara convic'd if they had raet with Resolution they raight have in a great Measure prevent' d the Barbarities and Mischiefs y't have been done; but to leave their Plantat's to be destroy'd by the Enemy is, I think, with't Precedent. Those People y't have not done their Duty, but deserted Ct Cocks, can expect no Pay. I have sent by Colo. Fairfax 400^^] for the use of the Rangers, w'ch You'll please dispose of as You may think proper, and w'n mjore is wanted I wih send it up to You. Colo. Dunbar's leav'g our Frontiers 156 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. expos'd to the Incursions of the Enemy is monstrous, [njor can I think it consist't with his Duty; but as he has left us to defend ourselves the People ought to be the more active, and with pro per Resolutions endeav'r to defeat the Designs of the Enemy and protect their own Interests. Some of Y'r first Officers leaving their Duty, I reahy think they sh'd forfeit their Estates. No doubt the Crop in the Ground wih be reap'd by those y't rem'n. I am heartily sorry for Colo. Martin's Indisposit'n, but hope y't y's will find him perfectiy recover'd. Pray, my Com plim'ts to him. The Bearer wih teh You w't the Assembly has done, and I can give no further Direct's at y's Distance, but en treat You to direct every Th'g You may see proper for the Ser vice and the Protect'n of the Co'try. I rem'n, with very great Regard and Esteera, Y'r L'd's most obed't h'ble serv't P. S — Capt. Ashley disappoints me much, as he was sure of rais'g his Compa. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL CLEMENT READ." Aug. 15th, 1755. Sir: I rec'd Y'r L'r ofthe 9th with the Proposal from Y'r Co'ty for rais'g 50 Men and the generous Subscript'n of Y'r People to pay them for Six Mo's. I laid the whole before the Council, and it was very agreeably rec'd, and I confess I am greatiy *¦'' Clement Read was one of the most influential men in Lunenburg county, as that county was originally laid out. He was appointed in 1745 the first clerk of the court, was County-Lieutenant, and burgess for a series of years, first of Lunenburg and subsequently of Charlotte county. He was the ancestor of a numerous and distinguished family. His son Isaac was the Lieutenant-Colonel of the Fourth X'irginia Regiment in the Revolution, and died in the service at Philadelphia. His son Thomas was also a leading man in the Revolution, was County-Lieu tenant of Charlotte, and its clerk for more than a half a century. One of the daughters of Colonel Clement Read was the wife of Judge Paul Carrington, the elder, and thus the progenitress of numerous distin guished descendants. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 157 pleased to see so good a Spirit among Y'r People, and I hope Y's laudable Precedent wih be follow'd by many other Counties. Hanover" and Araeha" have offer'd each to raise a Co'y, and the Legislature have granted a Premium of 5;^ for every Pris oner or Scalp they may bring in. But I desire You will incul cate to the officers and Men to be very cautious in doing any Thing to offend our f'dly Ind's to the So' w'd, particularly the Catawbas and Cherokees; if they were disgusted, we sh'd be in a very bad Situat'n from the No'w'd and So' w'd Ind's, and probably may be productive of a War, w'ch, at y's Time, we are in a particular Manner to prevent. I shall, as soon as I can get a Person y't knows the Language, and send him Ex's to the Catawbas and Cherokees to advise them of our raen's being outranging the Woods for y't and our Eneray's, the Fr. and No'w'd Ind's. I have given Mr. Terry a Com'o. to Com'd Y'r Co'y, and I send You two blank Com's for the Subalterns, and I think You sh'd make them first and 2d Lieut's. There is no Occas'n for an Ensign, and probably they raay have Occas'n to divide their Men into Parties; therefore two Lieut's is proper. I have order'd up four ^ b'ls of Powder and two b'ls Shott and fifty swords, w'ch is w't Ct Terry thinks is sufficient at pres't. I suppose they need not be out longer than the last of Nov'r, but absolutely necessary to march out imediately, if possible, to take or destroy the Eneraies of our Co'try, and Ct Terry has my Instruct's how to proceed if any Thing is oraitted y't may be of service. I hereby give You Liberty to incert it at the foot of his Instruct's. And I desire You whl please to receive the Subscript'n Money and pay the People agreeable to Y'r Scheme; and as Capt. Terry says the Soldiers who wih voluntarhy go are in want of some small Supplies, I enclose You 100^ in Treasury Notes to be applied as You see proper for the Service of y't Co'y. I w'd gladly hope y't the Cherokees are not concern'd "The company from Hanover county was commanded by Captain Samuel Overton. Rev. Samuel Davies delivered before it August 17th, 1755, a patriotic discourse, in which he prophetically referred to "that heroic youth, Colonel Washington, whom I cannot but hope Provi dence has hitherto preserved in so signal a manner for some important service to his country." Sermons iii, p. 58. *^ The officers of the Amelia company were, Henry Anderson, Captain ; Branch Tanner, Lieutenant, and George Farley, Ensign. 158 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. in the Barbarities comitted ag'st our People. I shall in my Mes sage to them ment'n the Cruelties coraitted and hope they will properly resent such Usage to their Brethren. I am excessively hurried at pres't; I cannot enlarge, but must express my great Approbat'n of Y'r Conduct in y's Affair, and I rema., S'r, Y'r most h'ble serv't COMMISSION OF CAPTAIN NATHANIEL TERRY. Robert Dinwiddie, Esq., &c., to Nathaniel Terry, ^ Gent: Whereas I am well inform'd y't the Inhabit'ts of y's H. M'y's Colony and Dom'n are greatly harrass'd and disturb'd by Parties of Ind's and Fr., who are continually comitting raany Murders and Depredat's on H M'y's Subjects ; And whereas it is necessary to repell such unjust and horrible Barbarities, and for the Protect'n of H. M'y's Territories and Subjects, I have tho't fit by and with the Advice and Consent of H. M'y's Coun- ch, in Consequ'ce of Y'r voluntary offer and Subscript'n in be half of Y'r Self and Others of the Co'ty of Lunenburg, I do appoint and constitute You, the s'd Nath'l Terry, to be Capt. of a Co'y of Rangers rais'd in the said Co'ty to scower the Fron tiers, kill and destroy every such Ind'n and others as You shaU at any Tirae or any where find insult' g or maltreat' g H. M'y's good Subjects, or hav'g an apparent Tendency thereto. You are, therefore, to keep the s'd Co'ty in due and proper Disci pline, and ready at all Times for Action, and to observe and fol low such Instruct's as You may receive from rae. Given, &c., the 13th Aug 1755. INSTRUCTIONS FOR CAPTAIN TERRY. Sir : You hav'g rec'd a Com'o. to Com'd a Co'y of Volunteers, rais'd on purpose to repel and revenge the many cruel Murders " Nathaniel Terry represented Halifax (formed from Lunenburg in 1752) county in the House of Burgesses from 1759 to 1777. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 159 and Outrages comitted by several stragling Fr. and Ind's, who, if not soon defeated, our Inhabit' s in the frontier Counties, al ready greatly intimidated, may be oblig'd to abandon their Plantat's ; and as it has pleas'd God to give You Courage and Resolut' n to Oppose these Invaders of Y'r Co'try, I hope it will be Y'r first and principal Care to keep up a just sense of Reh gion, y't You may with Confidence go forth under the Protect'n of the supreme Being, who is always ready to assist those y't call upon him with a true penitent. ist. As Dispatch is the Life of Business, You are requir'd to proceed with all Expedit'n, and do Y'r utraost endeav'r to annoy and destroy the Eneray of our Co'try, both Fr. and Ind's, in alliance with them wherever they are to be found. 2dly. You are to preserve a good Union and Harmony among Y'r Self, and if you are call'd upon to aid and assist any other Co'y, You are iraediately, with the Men under Y'r Com'd, to go where the Service of Y'r Co'try requires. 3dly. In respect to our own Ind's, who are in F'dship with us. You must use the greatest Caution y't they receive no Offence. The Method prescrib'd by the Legislature to revenge the Insults and Hostilities comitted by the Fr. [and] Ind's shall be made known to them by a Message frora me. 4thly. You are to be particularly careful of the Powder and Ball. 5thly. After You have taken a thorow View of the Co'try, if You meet with a convenient Place for the erect' g of a Fort, You wih let me know, and You are not to fail giv'g me the most speedy Intelligence of every important Incident. That it may please God to take You under his Protect'n and give You Victory over our Enemies and y't You may ret'n with Joy to Y'r Friends, is the sincere Desire of, S'r, Y'r F'd, &c. 1755, Aug. 14th. Dehver'd Sam'l Overton a Commission and Instructions; the same as above to Com'd a Co'y of Vol unteers from Hanover Co'ty. Aug. 20th. Dehver'd a Com'o. and Instruct's to for Capt. Jno. Phelps to com'd a Co'y of Rangers to be rais'd in Bedford Co'ty. 160 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO ADMIRAL BOSCAWEN. Aug'st iSth, 1755. Sir: I wrote You by Capt. Barrington,*' to w'ch please be refer'd. After the fatal Defeat of our Forces under the Com'd of Gen'l Braddock, the Com'd ofthe Remains of the Army devolved on Colo. Dunbar. I wrote to y't Gent, if he would make a second Attempt I w'd reinforce him with 500 Men, but by a Council of War, my Proposal was rejected, and the 2d of y's Mo. Colo. Dunbar, with all the regulars, march'd for Winter Q'rs to the City of Philadelphia, w'ch is 200 Miles from our Frontiers, w'ch are now left open to the Inroads and Devastat' n of a barbarous Enemy. This Step of Colo. Dunbar's has greatly alarm'd our People, and flying Parties ofthe Fr. and Ind's have invaded our Country and comitted many Murders and Robberies. Our Asserably raet last Tuesday, and have voted ;if40,ooo more for the Expedition, and propos'd 1,200 Men, w'ch w'd have been a great Reinforcem't, if my Proposal for a second Attempt had taken Place, but as the Regular Forces are march'd to Winter Q'rs the middle of Sumer, we are left to defend the Frontiers. I propose compleat'g the Forces of y's Gov't y't remain'd after the Battle, to 600 Men, and be on the Defensive till I have Orders from Home. We lost ah our Artillery, great Part thereof is in the Hands of the Enemy, w' ch, no doubt, they will make use of ag'st us. I must, therefore, apply to You, Sir, if You can supply us with 400 Small Arms, Powder and Lead, some Bombs and Coehorns, hoping You have taken a great Deal of Warhke Stores frora the Enemy; if You can supply us, I entreat it may be imediately. The want of Small Arms is owing to my hav'g supplied the Gen'l, N. York, and the Jerseys with 1,500 Stand of Arms and the necessary accoutrem'ts to qualify them to put in Execut'n the Plan of Operat's ag'st Crown Point and Niagara. "The Hon. Samuel Barrington, Captain of the Norwich, fifth son of John, first Viscount Barrington, was born in 1729, and died an Admiral of the White, and Lieutenant-General of Marines 6th August, 1800. His second Lieutenant on the Norwich was the celebrated Adam Duncan, of Lundie, subsequently made a peer for his great victory of Camper- down, who had sailed with Keppel in the Centurion as a midshipman since 1749. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 161 I am sensible of Y'r attachm't to H. M'y's Service, w'ch makes me apply to You for the above Supplies. We much expect the agreeable News of Y'r hav'g taken more of the French Squad ron, w' ch I shall be glad to hear from You. I wish You great Success in ah Y' r Affairs for the Service, and am, with great Respect and Esteem, H'ble Sir, Y'r most ob'd't h'ble serv't. ^ His M'y's Sloop Hornet, Capt. Samp'n Salt. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE BISHOP OF LONDON. Aug'st. Right Rev'd : I have the Hon'r of Y'r Let'r of the 19th of last Sept'r, w'ch did not come to hand till very lately. The Dispute between the H. of Burgesses and rayself being determin'd by the King and Council at Home has restored Peace and Tran quility to y's Co'try as to civil, y't now I live in great Harmony w' th the People ; but we are at pres't in a State of War from the Incursions of the Fr. and Ind's on H. M'y's Lands on the Ohio, the back of y's Dom'n. They have by fly'g Parties made incur sions on our frontier and back Settlem' ts and comitted the most cruel and barbarous Murders, robbing the poor People, ph- laging w't they have, destroy' g their Habitat's, and have cruelly murder'd above forty of the back Settlers. His M'y was gra ciously pleas'd to send two Regim'ts under the Com'd of Gen'l B — d' — k, w'ch being join'd with our Provincial Troops, an En gagem't ensued the 9th of last Mo., w'n, contrary to all Expec tat's, our Army was defeated and our Train of Artillery destroy'd and some of it fell into the Hands of the Enemy. I am now rais'g w't Forces I can to protect our Frontiers till I have Orders from Home. The Bearer hereof, James Marye*^, is strongly re- *^ Rev. James Marye, Jr., having been ordained, commenced his min istry in St. Thomas' Parish, Orange county, in 1761. Here he remained for six years, when, upon the death of his father. Rev. James Marye, Sen'r, (a Huguenot who had fled to Virginia from religious persecution,) who was the minister of St. George's Parish, Spotsylvania county, for n 162 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. comended to rae to write Y'r L'ds for Ordinat'n. Frora his Character, I think he is deserv'g of Y'r L'd's favour and Coun tenance. Y'r Comissary constantly applies to me w'n he recom- ends any Person to the Ministry; therefore tho't it needless to trouble Y'r L'd's with a letter from me on every such Occasion. The Law invest' g the Power in Vestries to supply the Vacancies in the Church was pass' d by my Predecessor, and the People here are so fond of Power y't it will be impossible to alter y't Law with't a Royal Mandate. It gives rae Concern y't the Preroga tive of the Crown of Y'r L'd's Jurisdict'n sh'd be so rauch in vaded, but as y't Act of Assembly has H. M'y's Sanct' n and Assent, it cannot be alter'd here, tho' imediately contrary to my Instruct's. I am greatly oblig'd for Y'r Lordship's Let'r and good Wishes. May You live long to be an Ornam't to the Church and State, is the sincere desire of. Right Rev., Y'r L'd's raost ob'd't and faithf 1 h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO SIR THOM.-VS ROBINSON. Aug'st 20th, 1755. R't Hon : For fear of miscarriage of my Let'r of the 7th Curr't, I send a Copy thereof and Copies of my Let's to Colo. Dunbar, Gen'l Shirley, and Colo. D— r's Answer to rae. Y't Gent, left Fort Cumb'l'd the 2d of y's Mo. for his Winter Q'rs to Phila'a, and he order'd the Light Horse rais'd here to march with [him]. He has taken all the Regular Forces with him; the three Inde pend't Compa's of N. York and So. Caro. he also order'd to march with him for Phha'a, tho' those Companies were by H. M'y's Orders sent here to be under my Comand forthe Pro tect'n of our Frontiers and to repell the Designs of the Enemy, That now there is about 400 Sick and Wounded, with a few of thirty-one years, he was chosen to supply his place, and continued thus to serve until 1780. He married a Miss Letitia Staige, of London, daughter of an English clergyman. Their estimable descendants are now quite numerous. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 163 the Provincial Forces, left at Fort Cumb'l'd. The Conseq'ce of Colo. Dunbar's carrying all His M'y's Forces with him has occa sioned a great Desertion of the Companies left at F't Cumb'l'd and rais'd in y's Dom'n, they suggesting y't being left with so few in Nuraber will expose thera to be a Sacrifice to the implaca ble Hatred of a barbarous Enemy. This whole Country is in great Consternation y't after the Road to the Ohio is open'd they are greatly expos'd to the Incursions of the Enemy, w'n deserted by H. M'y's Regulars; and. Indeed, I was under much Concern at his taking the Independ't Companies with him; not knowing his Power, I must submit it's to His M'y and the Minis try. Our Assembly has voted 40,000;^ more for the Service of the Expedition. I have sent out Seven Companies of Rangers to the Frontiers to defend our back settlers, w'ch wih be attended with great Expense, and raight have been prevented if the Colo. had left some of the Regulars to defend us. I shall also cora pleat the other nine Companies that were rais'd here and with G'l B — d — k, and keep them on the Defensive till I have Orders from Home, w'ch I wish may be soon. I dare not venture to give my Opinion of what may be proper, w' n I consider the great Charge the Nat'n has been at, and to no pur pose, but I may venture to say if the French are allow' d a Quiet Settiem't on the Ohio, H. M'y's Dom'n y's Side of the Ahe- ghany Mount's wih, in Time, fall into the Hands of the Enemy, w'ch sh'd be prevented, and that very soon, for they are now tampering with our f'dly Ind's to abandon our Int't, and the French are between us and the Twigh twees; their Interest and F'dship, I have no Reason to doubt of, if we c'd come at them. It no doubt will require a great Force to drive them from the Ohio. I think I c'd raise two or three thous'd Men, but the People are so very poor we cannot raise Money to pay, cloth and maint'n them. Our Magazine is with't Arms, Powder or Shott, as I was oblig'd to suply the northern Colonies in order to carry on their Operat's ag'st Crown Point and Niagara. The Situat'n of our Pres't Affairs, I think it my Duty to lay before You and to beg His M'y's Com'ds, w'ch shall be duly obey' d by, S' r, Y' r most ob' d' t h' ble serv' t P. S. — Inclos'd I send You an Acc't of the Forces Colo. D r march'd from Fort Cumb'l'd for Philadelphia. 164 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOV. DINWIDDIE TO HENRY FOX, SECRETARY OF WAR. August 20th, 1755. Sir : No doubt You have heard of the unexpected and fatal Defeat of the Forces under Gen'l B — d — k's Com'd on the banks of the Monongahela, w'ch gave great Surprise and Concern to the People here. Colo. Dunbar, on whora the remainder of the Forces devolved, came to F't Cumb'l'd, and on the 2d of y's Mo. march'd to Winter Q'rs for the City of Phila'a He left F't Cumb'l'd and our Frontiers to be guarded by 400 Sick and Wounded and ab't 200 of our Provincial Forces. As soon as he march'd, our Provincials deserted, thinking they were left by the Regulars to be destroy'd .by the barbarous Enemy. The Colo. has also order'd the three Independ't Compa's of N. York and So. Caro. to march with him, and has thereby left us destitute of any Assistance but from our Militia. Those three independ't Compa's were ordered here by H- M'y to be under my Com'd for defeat'g the Designs of the Eneray. By w't Power he or dered them to march with the two Regira'ts to Winter Q'rs the middle of Suraer I know not; but by y's step he has left the People in y's Dom'n under great Anxiety and Concern. I have rais'd seven Companies of Rangers, and shall compleat the nine Companies y't were with Gen'l B — d — k, and remain on the Defensive tih I have H. M'y's Com'ds. Inclos'd I send You an Acc't of the Forces y't march'd from F't Cumb'l'd for Phila'a the second of y's Mo. I shall do all in my Power to protect our Frontier Settlem'ts to the Northw'd. Several smah Parties of the Fr. and Ind's have come among our Inhabit's and murder'd above forty, w'ch makes raany of the others desert their Plan tat's and come down the Co'try for Protect'n. I am daily alarm'd with the Acc't of Barbarities done by them, but am in hopes w'n the Rangers are out on our Frontiers they wih, if possible, destroy them and stop their unjust Invasions. I tho't it necessary and proper to acq't You of our pres't Situat'n, and to assure You I ara, with great Deference and Respect, R't Hon., Y'r most ob'd't h'ble serv't. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 165 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO MR. CHARLES DICK. Aug. 20th, 1755. Sir: I rec'd Yr. Let'r ofthe 13th on Monday last. I sent for the Treas' r, who told me You had been p'd all Y'r Dem'ds. I de sir' d him to order the Clerk of the Comittee to send the Ace' t as it was settled, to convince You thereof As formerly, I again tell You that I do not interfere with any of the Acc'ts, as the Act of Assembly left the adjustm't of them to the Comittee. I now send You 500^ in Treasury Notes; as they bear Interest they are preferable to Silver or Gold, as they are redeemable next June. This Sum, with the former given You and Mr. Walker, w'ch whl raake very near [,^]5,ooo. You must furnish rae with an Acc't of, fairly stated, proper to be laid before the Treasury at Horae as Vouchers for me. The Acc't may be in general, in a Line; so rauch for Pork, so much for Flour, and every other Supply, referring tothe particular Acc'ts of the different Purchases, properly numbered and to be annex'd to the Gen'l Acc't, w'ch must be Sign'd by You both. The Treasurer s'd if You had any Dem'ds since Y'r last You sh'd have sent down the Acc't for the Inspect' n of the Committee. The Money I now send is to bring some of the Provis's. from Alex' a, to purchase Salt to be carried to the Fort, and to purchase Hogs at a pro per Season. I enclose You a Copy of the Method of curing Beef in the Highlands of Scoti' d, in the Hide of the Beef, w' ch they bring to Edenburgh and Glasgow, and esteem'd to keep better than in Cask. As Cask is difficult to be had at the Fort, I tho't y's Method of curing it w'd be of Service, w'ch, consider and give Y'r Opinion of it. As all the Money I supphed You is from the English Money sent me. You must be particularly exact in Y'r Acc't thereof, that my Acc'ts at Home may pass, and w't Dem'ds You may have prior to this from the Public, You must transmit Y'r Acc'ts to the Comittee, and the many Dem'ds You raention sh'd be reduc'd to a particular Acc't and sent down. I desire Your Care in finding out and securing the Waggons and Horses that belong to this Colony. I am sur priz'd Colo. Dunbar will not give Warrants for the Money due for Waggonage and other incur' d Expences by Order of G'l B — d — k. The Salt Beef from Ireland, now at Alexa'a, is at 166 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. the Direct' n of Mr. Leake*' ; the other Provis's I think we shah want for our own Forces, and as probably many of them may be at Winchester, I therefore desire You to employ Waggons to bring a qu'ty up, and if You can procure a qu'ty of Salt to be carried to the Fort it wih be of much Service hereafter, w'ch I desire You to provide. There is Irish Butter, as You mention, at Conegachege, but if the rest at Alexandria is wanted, pray send for it There are two Smiths in the Co' try's Pay at F't Cumb'l'd. You must order thera to Winchester to be employ'd in repair' g the Smah Arms, &c. I have no more to add, but that I ara, S'r, Y'r most h'ble serv't. *^ Robert Leake was born 1700, in the parish of Calder, Lanarkshire, Scotland; well educated ; enlisted 1739 in the King's Regiment of Horse Guards, in which only those of gentle birth were admitted; served in the campaign of 1743 ; wounded in the battle of Dettingen and his horse shot under him, in falling fell upon him breaking one of his legs, causing life-lameness. He returned home disabled and became an out door pensioner of Chelsea Hospital. In 1744 he resided at Carlston teaching school. In 1745 the rebellion in favor of Charles Edward Stuart, the Pretender, breaking out, Leake was commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the Army of George II., and was in the battle of Cullo den. He was appointed February 28, 1747, Commissary-General to the army in North America, in the room of Thomas Kilby, deceased, and was stationed at Cape Breton. He married about this time Margaretta . He returned to England in June, 1748, where his wife died six years later. In 1754 he was appointed Commissary-General to the forces under General Edward Braddock, and came again to America and shared in his unfortunate campaign. He retained his commission for many years afterwards, and made the city of New York his perma nent residence. He married there, secondly, Anne Borrege, a connection of John Leake. He died December 28, 1773, and is buried in Trinity church-yard. His wife died in 1783, and was buried in the same vault with him. He had two brothers — ^James, killed at the battle of Fonte noy, and Matthew, in America — and a sister named Helen, who married in Scotland James Martin, of whose issue a daughter married Iohn Hay. Robert Leake left issue by his first wife only, as follows: Margaretta, born March 7, 1747, married in England Wm. Fenwick, and died 1773 without issue ; Robert Wm., Major in the British Army, married Mar garet, sister of John W^atts — no surviving issue ; John George, born 1752, studied in office of James Duane, and became a successful lawyer of New York city; died June 2, 1827, without issue, leaving an estate valued at $300,000, which was escheated to the State of New York; Edward H. died in infancy. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 167 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL SPOTSWOOD.^" Aug. 20th, 1755. Sir: Y'rs of Yesterday's date I rec'd y's Morn'g. The News from Mr. Madison*' does not recieve much Cr. here, as one Mr. Williams, just come from thence, thinks there can be little or Noth'g in the Report. I approve of Y'r great care and diligence in reviewing and ordering the Militia of Your Co'ty, and I think it wiil be proper if You order a convenient Place to rendezvous in Case there be Occasion for thera to march. I desire on Friday, w'n You have them together, y't You order them to be ready at an Hour's Cah. The Arms at Mr. Dick's and Mr. Grymes' s must reraain thi our Forces are recruited and fit for march, when they will be much wanted. I wish You c'd send me Acc't of the Number they have, and I think Colo. Chas. Carter mention'd a Qu'ty of Bul letts at his Ho. All these Things raust be collected to Freder icksburg as soon as I am properly inform'd of thera. The Colo, of the Co'ty of Culpeper raust take charge of the Mihtia tih a Co'ty Lieut, is appointed. I ara well pleas'd y't You took some Powder and Ball out of w't I sent up, and I hope You whl be able to supply Culpeper with some of it. Maj'r Campbel, one of the Adjut'ts, is up in Frederick and Harapshire. W'n he returns keep him some Time with You to muster Y'r Men. I wish I had Powder and Lead sufficient to supply the Gen'l Demand of each Co'ty, but if You have any, and can spare it. You shall be p'd for it. I am thorowly satisfied with Y'r Con duct, and desire You will continue to keep the Militia in the best Order You can. I am, S'r, Y'r raost h'ble serv't. [P. S.] — Y'r Bro. applies for a Capt's Corao. , w'ch he will have, if we raise any more Men. ^John Spotswood, County Lieutenant of Orange county. *' Presumably James Madison, father of the President. 168 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVENOR DINWIDDIE'S MESSAGE TO THE CATAWBA AND CHEROKEE INDIANS. R. D. , &c. , to the King, Sachems and Warriors of the Ca tawbas, King of Chote, Old Hop, Little Carpenter, and to the Emperor, the Sachems and the Warriors of the great Nat'n of the Cherokees, Wishing them Health and Happi ness : Loving Brothers: As the Fr. and their Ind's from Canada have by Force of Arms Invaded the King's Lands and Y'r Hunt'g Grounds on the River Ohio, Y'r Father the K'g of G. B., hav'g a sincere Love for You and a Regard for his Sub jects in these Colonies, sent some of his Array to drive the Fr. and Ind' s frora His Lands on the Ohio. But unluckily the for eign Fr. Indians waylaid our Forces, killed some of them, and the Remainder carae back to our Fort at Will's Creek. If we had had some of Y'r Warriors to fight the Ind's in their own Manner we sh'd have demohsh'd them, and You some Time ago gave me Hopes of a Number of Y'r Warriors to our Assistance. Lately raany of the Fr. Ind's have come among our Inhabit'ts, robb'd and murder'd raany of them, and I am convinc'd You will join with me in Concern for these Barbarities on our Brethren. I have tho't proper to send out five Companies of Rangers to scower the Woods and drive off these Murderers. I am to de sire if any of Y'r People come into y's Gov't y't You w'd send a white Person before You to acquaint the Rangers of Y' r Com ing, as they being Strangers to the Ind's may take You for some of their Enemies, and may probably be attended with some bad Consequences, w'ch w'd give me great Concern. I wish You w'd contrive some Mark of Distinct' n to know You from our Enemies. The Love and F' dship y' t has always subsisted be tween Y'r Nat'ns and Y'r Pro's, the English, I hope wih con tinue as long as the Sun and Moon gives Light. You may always be assur'd of my sincere F'dship. I think we cannot quietly allow the Fr. to sit down and build Forts on the Ohio, and I therefore desire to know if we sh'd make a Push next Spring to drive them of[f] y't River [and] whether You will as sist us with some of Y'r Warriors, who I shall endeav'r thereto dinwiddie papers. 169 supply with Powder and Lead. The Six Nat's have agreed to our Assistance and declare their detestat'n of the Fr. Perfidy and the Cruelties comitted ag'st their Brethren, the English. There are some Women and Children taken Prisoners by the Ind's, from Augusta Co'ty. I wish You c'd get them redeem' d, and I w'd willingly pay some Th'g for their being ret'd to their Famihes Given under my Hand, &c., Aug. 22d, 1755. P. S.— The Bearer, Mr. Dan'l Carroh, is a Person of Credit, and You may believe what he says. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR SHARPE. Aug. 25th, 1755. Sir: Y'r L'r ofthe nth I rec'd last Week with the Post, and no doubt Y'r Inhabit'ts, as well as ours, are struck with Conster- nat' n on the unexpected Defeat of our Forces. I hard taken the necessary Care to give the Army proper Supply of Beeves, there being sufficient now to maintain the whole Forces for four Mo's; they never had Occas' n to complain for want. If Colo. Dunbar had entrench' d himself in the Meadows and sent to the different Gov'ts for Reinforcem'ts, he w'd have done well, for the Enemy w'd never have attack'd them, as appears the Day after the Engagem't, they were affraid of our whole Forces coming up; they, therefore, destroy'd all our Artillery, for fear we sh'd again had Poss'n of them, except the six- Pounders, w'ch they carried off. Colo. D r destroy'd every Th'g at his Carap, even the Provis's, and was oblig'd to send to the Fort for 30 Horse loads to support his People on their March to y't Place, w'ch surprizes me. I wrote him my Tho'ts very freely; he call'd a Council of War and put the Quest' n as You say. Whether he sh'd march again imediately to attack or besiege Fort Duquesne, w'ch was not the Purport of my L'r to him, w'ch L'r sh'd have been laid before the Counch of War, wherein I propos' d their being refresh'd for some Time, and y'n to have reinforc'd them from the different Gov'ts, w'ch, from y's, I sh'd have com pleated our Forces to 1,000 or 1,200. I wish You had not been 170 dinwiddie papers. at Y't Counch. Pray, did he consult them on going to Winter Q'rs? I very well considered the Loss of the Artillery, and propos' d the Supply. The want of Officers might [have] been made up by applying to Gen'l Shirley, and if not so many as for raerly, yet sufficient for the second Atterapt. However, I must fohow Colo. Dunbar. He wrote rae a very superficial Answer to my L'r, and told me he was to march to Phila'a for Winter q'rs. Surpriz'g y's step, in the Middle of Sumer to go to Winter q'rs, the Road to the Ohio open to facihtate the Inyas'n ofthe Ene my, and left our Frontiers to be guarded by 400 Sick and wounded and a few Provincial Troops, carried with him the Six Pounders, Mortars and Coehorns. The last was necessary for the defence of the Fort, and w't Service they c'd be at Phila'a I know not. What stih greatly surprizes me, he order'd the three Independ't Compa's to march with him. Those Compa's were sent by H. M'y under my Com'd and for the service of y's Co'try. By w't power he order'd thera frora the Place of their Designat' n, he best knows ; and to compleat the whole, he order'd the Light Horse to March with him, w'ch they did till within a few Miles of Winchester; so y't he appears to have de termin'd to leave our Frontiers as defenceless as possible. Whatever Panick might have been araong the Private Men, in two Mo's, with proper Care and necessary Refreshm't, y't prob ably w'd have been dispeh'd, and by the ist of Oct'r he w'd have had a much larger Army than before, and a properer Sea son for Action. Col. D r complains he knows nothing of G'l B'd' k's Instruct's. I wonder the G'l did not leave them at F't CumbTd. Their fah'g into the Enemy's Hands is of very bad Consequence, as they will discover our whole Plan of Op erat's; but if Co. D r had vouchsafed to ask Ct. Orme, he c'd have told him the whole. The Colo, says the Gen'l intended Philad'a for his Winter q'rs. I agree he did, but surely he w'd not have gone there the middleof Sumer and left our Fron tiers so much expos'd. I am inform'd from Colo. Innes y't the French were not stronger at the Fort than last year, but hear'g of the March ofthe Regulars, he believ'd they wou'd come over the Mount's and do w't Mischief they c'd. I must confess the whole Conduct of Colo. Dunbar appears to me monstrous. I have sent my Let'r to him, his Answer and my Observat' s on his leav'g our Frontiers so weakly guarded, to the Sec'ry of DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 171 State, and desire their Orders how to behave on y's, our mel ancholy Situat'n. Our Assembly rose the 24th; they voted ;^22,ooo in June, and now have voted _;£40,ooo for the Service of the Expedition, and I propose augment' g our Forces to 1,200 Men, and if Y'r Colony and Pensylva'a wih act with Spirit, I think, w'n join'd in a Body, they may march over the Allegany, buhd a Fort at the Great Crossing, or at the Meadows, large enough for 800 Men, burn the woods ah round for a Mile, and leave 500 Men in it, carrying six or eight of the guns from F't CumbTd, w'ch may be replaced by those at Rock Creek. A Fort there wih be of infinite Service for any operations there next Year, and may be a Magazine for Provisions, &c., w'ch will be sent for a Supply of the Army. As for buhding a Fort lower down Potoinack, I cannot think it will answer any pur pose, as our Rangers will protect our Frontiers. I have now four Compa's in Augusta, and ordered two in Frederick and Hampshire. If the above Proposal meets with Your Appro bat'n, I hope Your Assembly will qualifie You to raise a Nura ber of Men, w'ch, with those that may be expected from Pensylva. , may, I hope, be sufficient to put y's Plan in Force. In the mean Time, the Hill (You say that Com'ds F't Curab'l'd) raay be strengthened, and an out Guard be put there. It's true the March of the Regulars has caus'd a general Desert' n from the Provincials, as they think they are left to be sacri ficed by the Enemy. I shall endeavour to raise our Men with all possible Expedition, and I doubt not compleating them in a Month, and I shall be sorry to allow the Enemy to triumph over the Success they have obtained, and to rem'n indolent, as the Regulars are gone. I think we may conduct the above Scheme with our own Forces, if conducted with Spirit and Privacy, and a Place of strength the other Side of the Mount's appears to me much more eligible than on y's Side, and will undoubtedly be of much more use upon any further Expedit'n to the Ohio. I have ordered Forts and Block Houses along the Frontiers of Augusta, &c. , y' t I hope they will be able to put a stop to the inhuman Murders of the barbarous Enemy. Our People were as rauch alarm'd at the march of the Regulars to Phila'a as at the Defeat on Monongahela, and general Con sternation among them. Several of our Counties have sent Compa's of Rangers by Subscript'n; I supply them with Amu- 172 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. nit'n and Provisions, and our Assembly voted a Premium of lo^ for every French or Ind'n Scalp they bring in. As Money is monstrously scarce, our Treasurer's Notes pass for Cash, bear ing 5 ^ Ct. Int't; 20,000;^ redeemable next June and 40,000;,^ in four Years, w'ch I think is equal to Silver or Gold. Pray, seriously consider the above Plan. This Messenger goes to Phila'a and cahs, on his return, for Your answer. If agreeable, let me know the nuraber that may be expected from Y' r Colony. I am pursuaded 2,000 Men in Oct'r wih be equal to the propos'd Plan, as 4,000 in July, as I doubt not many of the French and Indians are gone from the Ohio to the Aid of Niagara, &c. I hope You'h excuse the length of y's Let'r. With sincere Wishes for Y'r Health and Success with Y'r Assembly, I rem'n, Y'r Ex's most h'ble servant. P. S. — If we do nothing now, the French wih be insolent, their Ind's emboldened and ours disheartened. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR MORRIS. Aug. 25th, 1755. Sir : The People here are under great Deject' n on Co. Dunbar's march'g for Y'r Place for Winter q'rs. Y's step of his gives our People almost as much Concern as the Defeat at Mononga hela. He has march'd the two Regim'ts and the three Inde pend't Companies. The Road to the Ohio being open'd, facil itates the Invas'n of the Enemy, and he left at F't Cumb'l'd near 400 Sick and Wounded, and the Remains of the Provincial Troops, who do not exceed above 170 effective Men fit to do Duty. By what Authority he order'd the three Independ't Compa's to march with him, I know not, as thev were order'd by H. M'y imediately under my Com'd for the Ser\ice of y's Country. After his March the Provincials deserted 10 or 12 in a Day, thinking the Colo, had left them to be destroy'd by the Enemy, and it is more than probable y't the Fr. and Indians, on hearing the March of the Regulars, they will come in a Body with Fire and Sword to destroy our frontier Settlem'ts. I have DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 173 represented y's to the Sec'ry of State in its true Light, and I hope we shall have some Orders for a Regulat' n. In the mean Time, I have sent out six Companies of Rangers to protect our Frontiers ; but w't can they do ag'st an Army (if they come in a Body) y't defeated 1,200 pick'd Men? Our Assembly rose last Saturday. In June they voted ;^22,ooo, and now they have further voted ^40,000 for the Service of the Expedition. I pro pose augment' g our Forces to 1,200 Men, and with the Assist'ce of Y'r Province and M'yTd I w'd propose march'g over the Mount's inthe Mo. of Oct'r, to build a Fort at the Great Crossing, or at the Meadows, and leave a Garison of 800 Men all the Winter, to carry six of the Guns from F't CumbTd, and to order them to burn the Woods for a Mile round the Fort to prevent any Surprize. A Fort there wih be of infinite Service on a Second Attack next Spring ag'st the Fort; for I think we sh'd not let the Fr. remain quiet, they will become insolent, their Indians emboldened, and ours disheartened, and Co. Innes writes me y' t from the best Intelligence he can have he does not think they are more numerous at the Fort than they were last Year, and as the GenTs Instruct's, &c. , is fallen into the Hands of the Enemy, it's more than probable as by that they are raas ters of Our Plan of Operat's, y't many of the Fr. and Ind's are gone up the River to the Aid of Fort Niagara, &c. In course their Numbers must be small at the Fort, and they raust leave the Ohio in Oct'r to go for Canada, and its very likely they must be short of Provis's and all other Necessaries. On seriously con sidering all these Circumstances, I am of Opinion y't the above Proposal is very eligible, and I doubt not being able to corapleat our Men as above in a Month's Time. If Colo. D. had en trench' d himself at the Meadows and sent in to the different Gov'ts for Reinforcem'ts, it w'd have been a wise Step, for Colo. Innes writes rae the Day after the Engagem't the Fr. destroy'd all our Artillery except the six-Pounders, w'ch they carried to their Fort, being apprehensive y't the main Body of our Army w'd have made a second Attack, and affraid the Ar tillery w'd have fahen into their hands. It appears to me y't an Infatuta'n attended all the Motions of our Forces. However, Sir, I think we sh'd endeavour to retrieve the great Loss we have sustained, and therefore I think build' g a Fort the other Side the Ahega'y will be a proper Step towards it, and as I hope 174 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. Y'r Asserably have strengthen' d Y'r Hands to give a proper Assistance, and if my Proposal meets with Y'r Approbat'n I en treat You will write me the Number of Men You can supply, for 2,000 Men now are better y'n d'ble the No. in June or July next, and as the Regulars have left us it will be a glorious Step if the Provincial Troops sh'd effect build' g a Fort at the Meadows or any other proper Place the other side of the Allegany Mount's, w'ch may be a Magazine for Provis's &c., and may be near to supply the Army next Year on their Attack at the Fort. Our People at pres't are full of Spirit and Resentm't, and I have great Reason to expect y't they will exert themselves in oppos ing the Enemy and in the Protect'n of every Th'g y't is dear to thera. If we put y's Scheme in prosecut'n we shall want a great many Tools, such as Pick -axes. Shovels, Staves, and all other utenshs fit for construct' g a Fort, with Nails, Hamers, Tomahawks, &c. ; which I hope you will be able to supply, for I formerly pick' d up all these kinds y' t c' d be pur chas' d here. If it meets with Y'r Approbat'n, Dispatch and Secrecy are absolutely necessary. I therefore entreat You to dispatch y's Ex's with all imaginable haste. In the mean Time I wih order the enlisting the Men to compleat our No. I much long for Acc'ts from G'l Shirley and Gen'l Johnson, hoping they have had better Success than the Forces on the Ohio. Pray write me what News You have, and I rema. with very great Respect, H'ble Sir, Y'r most h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR DE LANCEY. Aug. 25th, 1755. Sir : I rec'd Y'r Favo. ofthe 27th ult'o but a few Days ago, and Y'r Opinion of mak'g a second Attempt ag'st the Fr. on the Ohio agrees entirely w'th my Opinion. I wrote accordingly to Co. Dun bar who comanded after the Defeat, y't he would make another Trial the other side ofthe Allegany, y't I w'd reinforce him with 500 Men; he answered my Opinion the ist of y's Mo., disa- dinwiddie papers. 175 greeing with my Proposal, and the second he march'd with all the Regular Forces for Phila. for Winter Q'rs; y's Step amazed our People as much as the Defeat at Monongahela, as the Road to the Ohio was left open to facihtate the Invasion of the Enemy on our Frontiers, leav'g at Fort CumbTd about 400 Sick and Wounded, and about 170 of our Provincial Troops y't were capable of doing Duty. It's a monstrous step of him to leave our Frontiers open to the Incursions of the Enemy and with so slender a Defence. He order'd the three Independ't Companies to march with him, tho' those Companies were ordered by H. M'y immediately under my Command for the Defence of our Frontiers; by w't Power he ordered them from the Place of their designation, I know not. I have wrote fully to the Sec'ry of State upon ah these matters. Colo. Innes writes the Day after the Engagera't the Fr. destroy'd all our Artillery, except the Six Pounders, w'ch they carried to the Fort. Being apprehensive of a second Attack from the Main Body ofthe Array, and indeed, if Colo. D — r had entrench' d himself in the Meadows and sent to the different Governors for a Reinforcem't, I ara con vinc'd would not have attack'd him; but to the contrary, he de stroy'd every Th'g, Provis's and all, insomuch he was oblig'd to send to F't Curab'l'd for 30 Horse loads of Provis's to sup port the Men on their March. I think a disraal Infatuat' n has attended all their Proceedings. Co. Innes further writes, y't from the best Intelligence he can have, the Fr. are not more numerous at the Fort than they were this Time twelve Months, and I ara of Opinion y' t altho' the Regulars have left us, y' t the contiguous Provinces of Phha'a, M'yTd, and this will act with Spirit. We may march our Men over the Mount's and build a Fort at the Meadows, or any other proper Place, and leave a Garison of 800 Men in it all Winter. Y's may be a Magazine for Provis's, &c,, and of infinite use next Year if we sh'd pro ceed ag'st the Fr. Fort. I shall have 1,200 Men ready by the Mo. of October, and if the other Colonies will assist us, I think the proposal is very eligible. Our Assembly broke up last Sat urday. They voted _;^22,ooo in June last, and now ;^40,ooo for conduct'g the Expedit'n. I ara of Opinion the build' g a Fort the other side the Mount's is the best Step we can take, and a proper Season of the Year, as we have little or no Winter before Xtmas. I have six Compa's of Rangers on our Frontiers to 176 dinwiddie papers. scower the Woods from the Barbarities comitted by the Fr. and their Ind' s on our back Settlers, but I am in very great want of Powder ; if You have had a fresh Supply, I wish You c'd send me 30 or 40 bis. Pray write me Y'r Opinion on the above Proposal and the News You may have from G'l Shirley and Johnson. Their Success whl make up for our Loss on the Ohio. I rem'n with great Respect and Esteera, H. S., Y'r most h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL INNES. Aug. 25th, 1755. Sir: Y'rs of the 17th Aug. I rec'd by Jenkins and Copy of both Y'rs to Colo. Dunbar. His Answ'r to Y'r first is very evasive. Y'r last to him was extremely proper and pertinent; but I fear he is not to be advis' d, but will follow his own Inclinations. I cannot forgive him for taking the three Independ't Compa's with him, who were order'd imediately under my Cora'd ; and to w't Service were the Light Horse w'ch were order'd to march with him, unless to leave You as defenceless as possible? I shall very soon augment our Forces to 1,200 Men, and then or der as many as You think proper for Y'r Assistance. I have now Six Compa's of Rangers on our Frontiers, w'ch I think may protect our Settlers and defeat the Designs of flying Par ties; but I am at a great Loss for Guns and Amunit'n. Pray send me a particular Acc't of the Species and Qualities at Y'r Fort, and if You know where the Amunit'n was lodg'd I know that there was 44 Tons of Bulletts, and at present I have not a Ton. I w'd gladly do some Th'g y's Fall, but as I am not fully determin'd [I] shall write You hereafter. The Acc'ts are pretty forw' d for Caro. , but shall suspend sending them tih I see You. Our Comittee have ordered You ^250; if You think it not suf ficient I shall enlarge y't Sum. I am sorry for the Desert' n of the Provincial Troops, but shall soon take some Measures with them. Our Assembly voted [;^]22,ooo in June and now [;£]40,- 000 for the Expedit'n, and ;^io for every Fr. or Ind'n Scalp or dinwiddie papers. 177 Prisoner taken, w' ch will be a good Encouragement to our Peo ple. You w'd pity me if You knew the Fatigue I am under in writing. I therefore desire Excuse for any Thing further at y's Time, but y't I am. Dear James, Y'rs affect. P. S. — I am told there is an Hih y't overlooks and may Com'd Y'r Fort Cannot You fortify it and keep an out Guard there? GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE CAPTAINS OF THE VIRGINIA FORCES. Aug. 25th, 1755. Gent'n : It gives me a good deal of Concern to underst'd y't You insist on the Pay of Y'r different Corapanies as if compleat, and do not care to give Receipts for the Money, unless for the Whole. Y's is using me and the Co'try very ill. You have no right to any more than for the Men in Rank and File and those y't are sick or wounded. I therefore desire You will render a just acc't of the Money You have rec'd more than for the Men actu- ahy in Y'r Compa's on the Muster Roll, w'ch I expect to be imediately done. I propose to augm't our Forces to 1,200, and the Assembly gives Encouragem' t of lO;^ for every Fr. or French Indian's Scalp y't may be bro't in by You. Y'r Pay M'r is very sick, or You sh'd have had Y'r Pay before y's ; but as soon as he is well he shall come up with Your Pay. It gives me Concern to hear of the great Desertions from Y'r Companies. I hope it's not to be attributed to Y'r Carelessness or want of proper Com'd and due Discipline. I order Capt's Hogg, Wag- gener and Stewart to come down to recruit; w'n they ret'n. shall order the other Officers down. In the mean Time each Officer is to draw out his Ace' t as above, y' t they may be surcharg' d therewith. I am, Gent'n, Y'r F'd, &c. P. S. — The Lieut's of the Compa's y't are under the Com'd of the above Capt's are to take Care of their Compa's till their ret'n. I have not Time to appoint Officers to succeed those y't were kill'd, but shah do- y't soon. 178 dinwiddie papers. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO CAPTAIN ORME. Aug. 25th, 1755. Sir: I rec'd Y'rs from F't CumbTd. I hope this will meet You safe arriv'd in Philad'a and in a fair way of recover' g Y'r Health. What was put in our Papers was to encourage the People here to enlist, but am sorry if any Reflect' s are thrown out ag'st the Regulars, tho' none of them behaved in the En gagem't as they sh'd have done. There were no Fellons among the Draughts from our Men, for y't was always caution'd ag'st, and my Orders were to enlist none, and indeed very few of them are sold here, but many in M'yl'd. You are silent ab't the Bills of Excha. from So. Caro. , the Drawers will not renew them till those You have are given up, w' ch You are to consider, and if agreeable, send them to me. Pray write me w' n You propose for Britain. I wish You an agreeable Passage and good Sight of Y'r Friends, &c. We have many Vessells from y's for Londoti, and I wish Y'r Affairs w'd have allow'd You to come y's way.- That Health and Happiness may attend You is the sincere Wish of me and Family, and I always am, D'r S'r, Y'r affect, h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO LORD FAIRFAX. Aug. 25th, 1755. Sir: Last Night I rec'd the enclos'd Petit' n, which I refer to Y'r L'ds. I never tho't it proper y't the Soldiers sh'd appoint their own Comand[ers] ; however, on y's Exigency, if the Officer You appointed cannot raise a Co'y You may do as You see proper, for I do not know Cornelius Ruddle or any other in Y'r Parts; therefore I must leave the Affair wholly to You. Many of our Counties have subscrib' d for Compa's of Rangers at their own Expence, I only finding them Amunit'n and Provis's. I sh'd be glad if the Subscribers would do the same. We have been amus'd with false Alarms from the back Co'try; however. dinwiddie papers. 179 I have great Reason to think that the French and Ind's will cer tainly make some Attempts on our Frontiers. It's therefore absolutely necessary to keep the Militia ready at an Hour's Call. I have sent five Compa' s of Rangers to the Frontiers of Augusta. The enclos'd L'r from Wm. Carryl and Evan Jones. I think it's hard they are not allow'd to prove their Loss before Y'r Court, y't they may recover it of the Pay M'r ofthe Army. At same time I think Colo. Dunbar sh'd have given his Warrant to the poor Sufferers, with't w'ch w'n we come to want their Waggons we may be disappointed. I propose rais'g a Regim't to compleat our Men to i,ooo or 1,200. If You shall see Proper to appoint Cornel's Ruddell, and if the People will not go out as Volunteers as several other Counties have done, if You see it necessary, they may be p'd as our other Forces are at 6d. ^ Day. I wish You Health and an happy End to these Disturb ances, and I rem'n, with very great Respect, R't Hon., Y'r L'd's most ob'd't h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL T. B. MARTIN. Aug. 26th, 1755. Sir: I rec'd Y'rs of the 17th. As to Y'r cah'g a Gen'l Muster, I must on the pres' t Exigency of Affairs leave y' t wholly to Y' r self It w'd be necessary so far as to know Y'r numb's and how they are provided with Arms and Amunit'n, and hav'g a Ct martial to punish the Delinquents. We have several times been alarm'd here with false Acc'ts ofthe Fr. and Ind's, but as I shall very soon augm't our Forces to 1,200, I hope then to be pro vided ag'st the first. Inclos'd You have six blank Com'o's. The Officers y't fled, I think they sh'd be particularly distin guish'd with Ignominy. It's very probable y't the Fr. and Ind's on hearing y't our Regulars are gone to Winter Q'rs, y't they may come over the Mount's in a Body and do w't Mischief they can; therefore it's absolutely necessary to have a proper Place to rendezvous, y't the railitia may be ready at a Call. I hope You have recover'd Y'r Health. I sincerely wish [a. Con- 180 . dinwiddie papers. firmat'n thereof, and am (with Respects to my Lord, to whom I wrote a few days ago), S'r, Y'r most h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL WM. FITZHUGH. Aug. 30th, 1755. Sir: Y'r favo. of the 22d came to my Hands last Night. I am sorry You was not here at the Assembly, tho' they have voted very handsomely for the Expedit' n, if our Neighbours had given us their Assistance; but it cannot be expected y't y's Dom'n can of itself conduct y's necessary Expedit'n. Y'r Observat' s are very just of our intestine Enemies, the Papists and y'r Priests, who I am very well convinc' d so debauch the minds of the Peo ple and have too much influence amongst the Slaves, and it's a Pity Y'r Legislature do not take some Method to expunge those Vermin who are a Pest to Society. I am endeavour' g to augm't our Forces to 1,000 Men to guard our Frontiers, think'g it im practicable to make any Attempt the other Side of the Mount's y's Year, now the Regulars have left us. Y'r Observat' s on the long Train of Artihery is agreeable to my Opinion, and [I] do believe it was the Bane of our late Miscarriage. Y'r proposal of four or 5,000 Horse Men may be very eligible, but where are they to be got ? I c'd not get 500, and then the Charge, how is it to be supported ? The Enemy is in Possession of our Artillery and a great deal of Provis's, makes them able to hold out a long Seige, and, indeed, I think it would be a bold Attempt to send these Men ag'st a Fort so well provided y't I think I can only be on the Defensive till I hear from Home I am oblig'd for Y'r Offer of going, and I think You w'd be the most proper Person for a desperate Attack, but the procuring Men and Horses in so short a Time is an Obstacle insurmountable. I am much obliged for Y'r Advice, as I always shall [be], but am per swaded You wih join with me y't it is not practicable at y's Time. My Wife and Girls join me in kind Respects to You and Lady, and I always am, S'r, Y'r most h'ble serv't dinwiddie papers. 181 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR DOBBS. Aug. 29th 1755. Sir : I wrote You the 28th Uito., to w'ch please be refer'd, and hope You forwarded my Let'r to Mr. Glen. An Answer thereto I much want. Our Assembly broke up last Saturday, w'n they voted ;^40,ooo more for the Expedit'n, w'ch, with w't they voted last June, makes ,^^62,000. I, on the Cr. thereof, am augment'g our Forces to 1,200 Men, and have wrote to the G'rs of M'yl'd and Pensylva'a if they w'd assist me with a Number of Men, we raay pass the Allegany Mount's in Oct'r and construct a Fort at, or near, the Great Meadows to facilitate our Operat's next Spring. I proposed leaving 500 Men in the Fort, and to make it a Magazine for Provis's, w'ch I tho't w'd be the most prudent step y't c'd be taken ; but since my send'g an Express to the No'w'd I have a L'r from the G'r of Pensylvania, by w'ch I observe a Difference still subsists between hira and his Assem bly ; that they propos'd ;^50,ooo, but in a Manner not agreeable to the Gov'r. I refer You to the enclos'd News Paper for their Arguments on both Sides. These Disputes in the proprietary Gov'ts have continually been an Obstacle to all our Affairs, and will continue so unless the Parliam' t of Britain interferes and brings them to a proper Obedience to the King's Commands, tho' really I think the G'r sh'd have submitted in hav'g the Proprietor's private Estate subjected tp the Taxes of the other Subjects. After our unexpected Defeat Colo. Dunbar came, as did the Remains of our Army. I wrote him if he w'd make another Attempt over the Mount's I w'd reinforce him with 5 or 600 Men more. He answer' d my Let'r in the Negative the first of y's Mo., and the 2d he march'd for Winter q'rs for Phila'a, carrying all the Regulars with him, even the three Independ't Companies y't were ordered here by H. M'y under my Com'd, by w't Authority he best knows, and I have represented it home. There appears to me an Infatuat'n attend'g the Proceedings of our Army. The Gen'l did not keep Scouts out to discover the Enemy, who were lurking in the Woods, surpriz'd them on their March, and made great Destruct'n. After y't fatal Day, if Colo. Dunbar had entrench' d himself at the Meadows and sent in to the different Gov'rs for Reinforcements, I sh'd have 182 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. sent him out i,ooo Men; but he destroy'd every Th'g at his Camp, march'd in to F't Cumberl'd, and in a great hurry in the raiddle of Summer march'd for Winter q'rs, leav'g our Country open (by the new Road to the Ohio) to the Insults of a barba rous Enemy. He left at F't CumbTd ab't 300 Sick and Wounded and the Remains of the Provincial Troops, y't were not above 70 fit for Duty. That now being depriv'd of the Assistance expected from our neighbour'g Colonies to execute the above Design, I am oblig'd to augm't our Forces to 1,000 Men to defend our Frontiers, and to be entirely on the Defen sive. I hear Y'r Son has well recover'd his Sight. His Co'y and the other Provincials, after the March of the Regulars, de serted daily, y' t I fear there are but few at the Fort. I have a Let'r from Gen'l Shirley, who now Com'ds all the Forces; it's dated the 12th Curr't. He was near Oswego, in his way to Niagara, and Gen'l Johnson had march'd for Crown Point. I wish them Success, but I think it's probable the Fr. Forces y't were at the Ohio will go up that River to the aid of Niagara. If Colo. Dunbar had rem'd at the Meadows the Fr. Forces w'd not have mov'd; in course Niagara w'd have been the easier taken. I have now Six Companies of Rangers on our Frontiers to prevent flying Parties murder'g our Inhabitants. As I presume Y'r Assembly will soon meet I hope they will seriously con sider the Danger attending the Colonies, and strengthen Y'r Hands to assist in the Gen'l Concern. W't Steps the Ministry wih take on our pres't Situat'n Time must tell us, but with't their strong Assistance I see no Prospect of Success, as the Colonies are so monstrously divided and obstinate in grant' g Supplies. I have wrote my Tho'ts very freely, but we havehad no Ships from England for a long Time. I sent the Gen'l, N. York and the Jerseys 1,700 Stand of Arms, so y't our Maga zine is quite exhausted, y't I shall be in great want for the new Levies. Excuse the length of this L' r, and beheve me to be with great Regard and very much hurried, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't h'ble serv't P. S. — Since writing the above, S'r Jno. St. Clair came here from F't Cumb'l'd, says Y'r Son is weh, and enclos'd You have a Let'r from him. I do not yet hear any Th'g of the Steers You were to send to the Army; as the regular Forces are gone , DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 183 there wih be no more wanted. Many of Y'r Son's Co'y have deserted, and ab't a Fortnight ago some of them went throw this Co'ty with Horses, &c., w'ch they stole from the Fort. I wish You may find them out to punish them and to recover the Horses. S'r Jno. is not yet recover'd of his Wound ; he tehs me Colo. Dunbar is gone for Albany. Y'rs, &c. Inclos'd is a List of Deserters from Y'r Son's Company. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO CHARLES DICK. Sep'r 2d, 1755. Sir: Y'r L'r of the 24th last Mo. I sh'd have answer' d before y's, but I have been excessively hurried. I spoke to the Trea surer to send You Money to discharge the Dem'ds ag'st You in regard to the Expedit'n. He says the Comittee will not pay any Th'g with't Vouchers. I told him it was impossible to have Vouchers for the different Supphes, as the People liv'd dispers'd in the Co'try; however, Colo. Washington, who now Com'ds our Forces, will soon be up, and I think he will have Orders to settle Y'r Acc't and to give Directions in reg'd to future Pur chases. You may, therefore, send down the 50o[_^] I sent You, by a safe Hand. I am very sensible of the Fatigue and Trouble You and Mr. Walker have gone throw, and I wish I c'd at pres't relieve You; however, in a short Time Y'r Dem'ds must be p'd, and I refer You to Colo. Washington. Y'r answer in reg'd to the Hides is very satisfactory. I therefore drop saying any Th'g further on y's Head. No Doubt the People You are in Debt to on Acc't of Supplies whl be Clamorous, but I hope soon You will be qualified to pay their Dem'ds, of w'ch I wish You c'd send a particular Acc't. As for Y'r resign' g Y'r Com'o, y't must be with You, as every Person is [the] best Judge of their own Affairs. I wish You Health and Happiness, and am, S'r, Y'r very h'ble serv't 184 dinwiddie papers. COMMISSION FROM GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL GEORGE WASHINGTON. Rob't Dinwidie, Esq'r, His Majesty's L't G'r, &c., to George Washington, Esq'r: By Virtue of H. M'y's Royal Com'o. and In struct's appoint'g me L't G'r and Com' d'r-in-Chief in and over y's his Colony and Dom'n of Virg'a, with full Power and Au thority to appoint all Officers, both Civil and Military, within the same, I, repos'g especial Trust in Y'r Loyalty, Courage and good Conduct, do by these Presents appoint You COLONEL of the Virg'a Regim't and Com' d'r-in-Chief of all the Forces now rais'd and to be rais'd for the Defence of y's H. M'y's Colony, and for repeh' g the unjust and hosthe Invasions of the Fr. and their Ind'n Allies. And You are hereby charg' d with full Power and Authority to act defensively or Offensively, as You shah think for the good and Wehfare of the Service. And I DO hereby strictly charge and require ah Officers and Soldiers under Y'r Com'd to be obedient to Y'r Orders and diligent in the Ex ercise of Y'r several Duties. And I do also strongly enjoin and require You to be Careful in execut' g the great Trust and Con fidence y't is repos'd in Y'r Managem' t by seeing y't strict Dis cipline and Order is carefully observ'd iri the Army, and y't. the Soldiers are duly exercis'd and provided with all convenient Necessaries. And You are to regulate Y'r Conduct 'in every Respect by the Rules and Discipline of War (as herewith gi\en You) and punctuahy to observe and follow such orders and Di rect's from Time to Time as You shall receive from me. Given under my Hand, &c., Aug'st 14th, 1775. Pay to cora ence ist Sep'r. INSTRUCTIONS FOR COLONEL WASHINGTON. WHEREAS, the Fr. have unjustiy invaded H. M'y's Lands on the Ohio, and have sent flying Parties of Fr. and Ind's to rob and murder our back Settiers to the Westw'd, w'ch the Legislature of Y's Dom'n hav'g seriously taken into their Con- dinwiddie papers. 185 siderat'n and voted Money for the Protect'n of our Frontiers and for conduct'g the necessary Expedit'n to drive the Fr. from the Ohio. In Consequence thereof I have granted Comissions for rais'g sixteen Compa's of Men to be form'd into a Regim't. The Com'd of w'ch Regira't, together with all the Forces that now are or may be eraploy'd in the Co'try Service, being given to You You are, as soon as possible, to use Y'r utmost En deavours to compleat the s'd Regim't by send'g the officers to recruit in the different Counties of y's Dom'n, as You shall see most convenient, leav'g six to do Duty with the Men who remain at F't CumbTd. As it will facihtate the Recruit' g Service to have the Regim't seperated. You are to divide them into three Places — viz't, at Winchester, Alexandria, and Fredericksburg — at each of w'ch Place a Field Officer is to reside to receive such Recruits as are fit for the Service, w'ch shall be sent by the Officers in his Division. As Winchester is the highest Place of rendezvous w'ch is expos'd to the Eneqiy, You are hereby requir'd to make y't Y'r head quarters. The Clothing of the Reg't is to be provided by the Co'try, and to be sent to You in order to be delivered to the Effective Men of each Company. The Men to be regularly p'd their full Subsistence with't any Deductions, except'g two Pence ^ Month from each Non-Com- ission' d Officer and Private Man, for the Surgeon to purchase Medicines Y's Money to be stopped by the Pay M'r and to be p'd to the Surgeon quarterly, as also six Pence ^ Month from the Drumers, to be p'd to the Drura Maj'r to repair the Drums arid teach the Drumers. You are hereby requir'd to preserve good Order and Discipline among the Officers and Private Men of the Regim't under Y'r Com'd, and to conform Y'r Self in every Respect to the Rules and Articles of War. You are to transmit to me Weekly Returns of the Regiment, and a Return the first Day of every Month with the Variations y't may have happen'd the preceding Month. When any of the Non-Com- ission'd Officers or Private Men shall happen to die they are to be continued on the Returns and Rolls as- Effective Men for Twenty Eight Days to pay for his Coffin, y't the Com'd. of the Com'y may be no Loser by his Death. It is strictly recom mended to You to take particular Care y't no Officer Com'd'g a Co'y shah supply the Men with Necessaries, deduct'g the Price out of the Men's Pay. They are only to take Care to see 186 dinwiddie papers. the Men lay out their Money in purchas'g w't they may stand in need of, and in order y't the Men raay not suffer for want of those Necessaries, You are hereby erapowered to contract with any Person or Persons to supply the Camp with such necessary Cloath'g, &c., as is requisite. You are also empower'd to purchase suitable Goods for Ind's, to offer them Presents in such Manner and at such Times as You shall think advisable, either for attain' g their Int't or promot' g the Service. You will be entrusted with a Military Chest, w'ch You are to use as You see the Nature and Good of the Service requires As it will be necessary, in Order to fill any Measures y't may be taken next Spring to lay in Stores of Provis's, &c., &c., at F't CumbTd, or some other convenient Place, and to make all the necessary Advances y't the Season and other Con veniences will admit. You are hereby order'd to take such steps to do it as Your own Prudence or my further Orders shall direct As an Aid-de-Camp and Sec' ry are necessary to ease the Duty of Y'r Com'd, I do hereby invest You with full Power and Au thority to appoint and Commiss' n such Person and Persons as You shall think most advisable, and as Mr. Dick has declar'd his Intent's of declin'g any further Services as Comissary, I also impower You to appoint a Commissary in his room, together with an Adjut't, Q'r Master, and such other inferior officers as You shall find absolutely necessary to carry on the Service with Spirit and Vigour. And as the Conduct and Success of the whole must entirely depend upon the Regulat' n and Disciphne of the Forces, w'ch cannot be attain'd but by a due and proper exertion ofthe Military, You are therefore to conform Y'r Self in every Respect to the Rules and Articles of War herewith given You, for w'ch I wih see You justified in the just and due Conformance thereto. I sincerely desire that You wih inculcate Morahty and Virtue among Y'r Men— to punish Drunkenness and Swearing. Wishing You Health and recomend' g You to the Protect'n of God, I am, S'r, Y'r F'd and h'ble serv't dinwiddie papers. 187 MEMORANDUM FOR COLONEL WASHINGTON. Take a particular Acc't of the Cloth' g at Maj'r Carlyle's and those at Winchester, and send me an Acc't of the Whole. The Provis's y't rema. at Alexa'a belong'g to y's Colony are to be shipt for N. York. Desire Mr. Carlyle to have the Pork and Beef trim'd and Pickled, and hire a small Sloop for y't Purpose. Consign the same to Robinson, Esq'r, and desire Re mittances in Flour. Speak to the Treasurer for a L'r on y't head. If Mr. Dick does not incline to continue Coraraissary, w'n You find a proper Person to succeed him You must take Security for the due discharge of his Duty, and it's necessary he rema. at the Fort the Time they are salt'g the Provis's to pre vent embezzlem't. Endeavour to get Mr. Dick's Acc't Settled, y't the true Balla. due him may be known, y't he may be paid. You have a Power to appoint an Aid-de-Camp and Sec'ry. Write me their Names, y' t they raay be on the List with the other Officers and y't their Pay may be Settled ; the same as to an Adjut't and Q'r Master. You, no doubt, will have regard to a prudent Frugality, y't the Money voted by the Assembly may be properly manag'd ; and as the Paym'ts must be by my War rants I must know the stand'g and daily Charge of Y'r Regim't's Pay. Whatever may be due from the Co'try at F't CumbTd or any other Place, endeav'r to ascertain the same, in order for Paym't, y't You may begin Y'r Operat's on a new and clear Proceed' g, y't You may be free from all old Dem'ds and the Credit of the Country Supported. MINUTES OF A COUNCIL WITH THE CHEROKEES. Sept'r 5th, 1755. At a Meet'g at the G'r's House, with the Chiefs of the Cher okee Nat' n. On being ask' d w' t was the Occasion of their Com' g. Son to Old Hop — being the Chief— answered : We were sent by my Father and our other Warriors to receive Y'r Direct's in w't Manner they c'd be most serviceable to their Brothers, the 188 dinwiddie papers. Eng., and to give Reasons for not com'g to Virg'a to go War on Ohio according to their Message sent the G'r last Fah. That a Nuraber of Warriors were in readiness to set off. but a Party of No'w'd Ind's in the Fr. Int't, who carae to War ag't our Nat'n, prevented. This Sumraer a great Number of our People had agreed tb come here, and were to have set off with us, but on Receipt of a L'r from G'r Glen a few Days before we came away, they all went to meet him at Congress. I was greatly concern'd to find the Inhabit'ts on the Fron tiers of Virg'a had desert' d their Plantat's, left their Corn, &c., on the Grounds, and found many kih'd. I met a Mes senger from You with a L'r to our Nat'n, but determin'd not to return before I had seen You, Bro., for there wih be Nothing done before I ret'n and repeat wh't You say, w'ch will be observ'd by the Warriors the same as if you were present, afid they wih readhy do w't You direct, for the Fr. and their Ind's have done our Nat'n as much Injury as our Brothers. If You, Bro., will supply a small No. of Men with Arms and Amunit'n, and build a Fort on Holston's and New River, I will engage our Assistance to recover the Land now diverted, and preserve the Grain left by the Inhabitants. I believe lOO Men in each F't, with a No. of our Warriors, may be sufficient, and desire You w' d send out four or 5 white People with a Party from our Nat'n. Our brothers fight very strong, but can't fol low an Indian by the Foot as we can; and it is not so far to these People (the Shawnas), who have done the Mischief, as You Imagine, for we can go there in seven Nights, and sh' d it be longer, we are going to War and must submit to Hardships to obtain Satisfact'n for the Injuries done us by our Enemies. Any Messengers y't may be sent to our Nat'n for the Future, I am to let You know our Warriors desire they may be directed to Mr. Pearis, or y's Interpreter, for they are People who have liv'd long amongst us and we believe they will not tell a Lie. I assure You, Bro., I speak from my Heart, and hope You wih believe w't I have s'd, and in Confirmat'n thereof I give You y's Belt of Wampum. Gave the Belt. dinwiddie papers. 189 ANSWER OF GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO OLD HOP'S SON. Sept'r 6th, 1755. Brothers: I with Pleasure receive You as Messengers from Old Hop and the other Chiefs of the Cherokees, and more so as Old Hop's Son is one of You, and I heartily bid You welcome. Y'r kind Offer of Service to Y'r Bros., the Eng., and Y'r great Concern for the Murders and Devastat' n made on Y'r Brethren on Holston's and New River, I take very kindly. I believe Y'r Intent's of coming to our Assist'ce agreeable to my L'r last Winter, but am sorry the Fr. Ind's prevented You then, and y't the G'r of So. Carolina prevented Y'r com'g y's Sumer, as probably y't Gent, had some Affairs of Conseq'ce to say to Y'r Chiefs. As You think my Messenger to Y'r Nat'n wih not ret'n tih You get Home, I desire You will with all Expedit' n proceed, y't I may have an Answer to my Message by him. I shah be glad if Y' r Nat' n will send some of Y' r War.riors to Holston' s and New River, to rem'n there y's Winter to protect Y'r Bros, from the Barbarities of the Fr. Ind's and the Shawanese (which I be heve have coraitted the Barbarities on Y'r Brethren), and You shall fare as Y'r Brothers do; and shall be very glad if Y'r Nat'n can bring the Shawnesse to Justice for their great Cruelties. I have order'd Forts to be built on Holston's and New River, where Y'r Bros, will receive You kindly, and shall accordingly give Direct's thereon. I ara sensible Y'r Nat'n can fight the Enemy Ind's better than Y'r Bros., the English. I shall there fore be glad w' n You get Home, to know if they will assist us with some Warriors w'n we have Occasion to go to War with our and Y'r Enemies. I desire You will inforra Y'r Chiefs w't Cruelties the Shawnasse have done. I hope they will make proper Resentm't thereof I shall take the necessary Care in send'g Messengers to You for the Future, and with such People as wih be agreeable to Y'r Nat'n. I heartily wish y't strict F'dship and sincere Love may always subsist between the Cherokee Nat'n and Y'r Bros., the English, while the Moun tains remain or the Trees grow. In confirmation thereof, and w't I have now s'd, I give You these Strings of Wampum (5 Strings). Also these Necessaries, w' ch I am told will be agree able to You. Gave the Strings. 190 dinwiddie papers. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. Sept 6th, 1755. Sir : Y'r L'r of the 23d of Aug. I rec'd by Mr. Pearis and ob serve its Contents. The Cherokee Ind's were properly rec'd here, and I think go away thorowly satisfied. They propose com'g into Holston's and New River y's Winter with pretty many of their Warriors. I desire You will give Notice to the different Companies of Rangers to receive them as our Friends, and as they will be a Protect'n to them, and probably save their Crops, I think the People sh' d be generous enough to give them proper Subsist' ce, w'ch I desire You to intiraate to thera, and I recoraraend Forts to be built on both those Rivers for the Safety of the Inhabitants and accomodat'n of the Indians. Mr. Pearis has lO;^ to pay You for the Cha's You have been at on these Ind's. The Person y't sold You the Coat for the Warrior im posed on You ; it is not worth 40s. The Breast Plate at 50s. (new ones made here does not cost half y't Money); it's 20s. ^ oz. as You charge. I hope You are safe now from the Ind's who comitted so many Murders. Let me hear from You on Occa sion, and I wish you and the People Health and Safety. I am, S'r, Y'r h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO SIR THOS. ROBINSON. Sept'r 6th, 1755. (L's of y's Date f, the Pelham, Capt. Yuille.) R't Hon.: Inclos'd You have Copy of my last to You of the 20th of Aug., to w'ch please be refer'd. I am desir'd by our Council and Ho. of Burgesses to transmit to you an Address from them to H. M'y, w'ch they beg you w'd please to pre sent to His Royal Hands. I wrote You in my last y't I had wrote to Gen'l Shirley and sent You a Copy of my Let'r to him. You now have enclos'd his Answer thereto and a Copy of His Orders to Colo. Dunbar, by w' ch You will please observe that dinwiddie papers. 191 he was of Opinion with me y't an Attempt ag'st the Fr. on Ohio was eligible and y't he y'n tho't the Independ't Compa's were doing Duty at F't CumbTd; but Colo. Dunbar, contrary to all expectat's, comphes, I suppose with G'l Shirley's former Orders, and is on his March to Albany. As the march is long and thorow Woods it's not thought possible that he can reach Albany before the End of Oct'r or beginning of Nov'r, w'n indeed it will be Time to go into Winter Q'rs, and, in course, can be of no ser vice to the Expedit'n ag'st Niagara and Crown Point, or do I hear that he has left any Forces as order'd by Gen'l Shirley, for the Protect'n of our Frontiers. I also trouble You with Let's from Colo. Innes,' G'r of F't CumbTd, to Co. Dunbar, repre senting the Danger we are in and w' t may be expected from the Eneray, and Co. Dunbar's Answer to him. Under these for lorn Circumstances of being left with't any regular Forces, our Provincials deserted daily, in great Nos., y't now I think there is not loo Men in F't CumbTd, and our Front's left Open to the Insults of the Enemy. Our last Assembly had voted ^40,000 for the Service of the Expedit'n. I wrote in my former [letter,] y't I had sent out some Compa's of Rangers to protect our Frontiers; they were six in No. I was fully of Opinion, y't the Provincial Forces c'd march over the All'y Mount's and build a Fort in a pro per Place for a Magazine of Provis's to facilitate the Operat's of next Year, and I wrote Gov'r Morris of Pensylva'a on y't Head, but as yet I have not rec'd his Answ'r. Copy of my Let'r to him I enclose You. And as I was sensible the Compa's of Rangers were not sufficient to protect our Frontiers in Case of an Invas'n from the Enemy, I have therefore grant'd Com'o's to raise sixteen Compa's to augm't our Forces to 1,000 Men, and have incorporated thera into a Regim't. The Com'd thereof is given to Colo. Geo. Washington, who was one of Gen'l Brad dock's aid-de-Camps, and I think a Man of great Merit and Res olut' n. Our Officers are greatly dispirited for want of H. M'y's Com'o's, that when they join the Regulars they may have some Rank, and I am perswaded w'd be of infinite Service if H. M'y w'd graciously please to Hon'r them with his Com'o's the same as Gen'l Shirley and S'r Wm. Peppereh's Regim'ts. And I am convinc'd if G'l Braddock had survived he w'd have recomended Mr. Washington to the Royal Favo., w'ch I beg Y'r Int't in 192 dinwiddie papers. recomend' g the above Request of our officers. I cannot fully describe the Uneasiness of the People here on Col. Dunbar's leav'g our Frontiers so greatly expos'd, but at pres't they are fuh of resentra' t ag' st the Enemy, and appear [willing] to do any Th'g in their Power for the Service of the Expedition ; but the Poverty of the People will not ahow them to do w't is suffi cient, and we have no Assist'ce from the neighbor' g Proprietary Gov'ts of M'yTd and Pensylva'a. Their Obstinacy in not con form' g to His M'y's Com'ds makes our Assembly more backw'd. I shall, with the Forces now rais'g, be on the Defensive till I have H. M'y's Com'ds, w'ch shah be duly obey'd to the utmost of my Power and Capacity ; but if it's tho't proper to send more Forces for the Operat's of next Year, I w'd recomend their being in Motion rauch earlier than those of y's Suraer. I am asham'd to trouble You with so many Papers enclos'd, but as I conceive they were proper to be laid before You, and as I think it my Duty to acqu't You with any Th'g y't relates to the Expedit'n, on these Acc'ts I hope I shall be excus'd. We are in want of all Manner of Warlike Stores and Amunit'n, w'ch I entreat You will please to represent to H. M'y y't we may be supphed. I rem'n with great Deference and due Respect, R't Hon., Y'r most obed't and faithf '1 h'ble serv't. P. S. — Tuesday last two of the Chief Warriors of the Chero kee Nat'n came here with some Attend' ts. I entertained them Yesterday; shah cloath them, give them Presents, and endeav'r to confirm their F'dship to us. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE LORDS OF TRADE. Sept'r 6th, 1755. R't Hon.: I send Y'r L'd's twenty-two Acts of Assembly y't were pass'd the Sessions ending in June last, as also the Jour nals of the Council and y't of the Ho. of Burgesses. Money is so extremely scarce in y's Dom' n y't in Order to protect our Frontiers an Act is pass'd for a Lottery to raise ;^6,ooo and to allow the Treasurer's Notes to pass as Money for the Amo. of dinwiddie papers. 193 ^20,000, w'ch are to be p'd off next June, and the Subjects have the several Taxes secur'd to them for the s'd Payment, w'ch on our pres't Exigencies I hope will meet with Y'r Appro bat'n. The unexpected and fatal Defeat of H. M'y's Forces on the Banks of the Monongahela, under the Com'd of G'l Braddock, the Death of y't brave Gen'l and many other brave officers and Men, rais'd a very great Consternat'n in the People of y's Dom'n. After y's great Loss, w'n all our Artihery also fell into the Hands of the Enemy, the Com'd of the Regular Troops devolved on Colo. Dunbar; he march'd them for F't CumbTd, and on the 2d of Aug. he march'd the Remains of the Army for Philad'a for Winter Q'rs. Y's Step of Colo. Dunbar's in creas' d the uneasiness of our People, hav'g left at F't CumbTd some Sick and Wounded and about 250 Provincial Troops to defend our Frontiers, the Consequ'ce thereof was a general Dis satisfaction among our Provincial Troops, y't they deserted dahy in great Numb's (say'g they were left by the Regulars as a Prey for the Enemy), y't now there is not 100 Effective Men at the Fort to protect y't Place and our Frontiers. Colo. Dun bar march'd off with him the three Independ't Compa's H. M'y was graciously pleas'd to send here under my Com'd for the Protect' of y's His Dom'n and to assist us to drive the Enemy from H. M'y's Lands on the Ohio. By w't Power Mr. Dunbar order'd these Compa's to march with him, I know not, but it appears he intended to leave us in as much Distress as was in his Power ; he also carried four six Pounders and two Mor tars, the last of w'ch was greatly necessary for the defence and protect'n of the Fort. The Road to the Ohio being now open'd and the Fr. know'g the Regulars had march'd 200 Miles from the Fort, w't may not they do if they come over the Alle gany Mount's and invade our back Co'try? On y's Conduct of Co. Dunbar's, I imediately rais'd six Compa's of Rangers w'ch I sent to the Frontiers to protect our Settlem'ts to the Westw'd, but they are trifling to oppose an Eneray y't had defeated i'20o Regulars and pick'd Men. I imediately cah'd the As sembly, and by Argum'ts on our pres't distress'd forlorn Condit'n, they voted ;^40,ooo, w'ch qualified me to augm't our Forces to 1,000 Men, w'ch I have granted Com'o's to raise 16 Compa's and gave the Com'd to Colo. Geo. Washington, and they are now recrttit'g their Men. The Proceedings of y's As- 194 dinWiddie papers. sembly, with the Acts, are not yet transcrib'd, but shall soon transrait them to You. Y'r L'd's will please consider our Sit uat'n; the Regular Forces march'd into Winter Q'rs the middle of Sumer; our neighbour'g Colonies of M'yl'd and Pensylva'a as yet have not granted us any Aid; y't all I possibly can do is to order the Forces rais'd here to be on the Defensive to pre vent the Incursions of the Enemy and protect our Frontiers till I receive Orders from Home. I am greatly fatigu'd in rais'g the Men and endeavour' g all in my Power to keep the Spirits of our People with proper Resentm't ag'st the Eneray. They did send in sorae fly'g Parties of Fr. and Ind's who have robb'd and murder'd above 40 Famhies, but I am in Hopes the Ran gers and the Regim'ts now rais'g will in a great Measure prevent these Barbarities for the Future. I shall, under the pres't Sit uat'n do every Th'g in my Power for H. M'y's Service and the Protect'n of y's his Dom'n. I have the Hono'r to subscribe myself, R't Hon., Y'r L'ds.' most ob'd't and f h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE EARL OF HALIFAX. Sept'r 6th, 1755. R'T Hon. : My last to Y'r L'ds. was the 7th of Aug., to w'ch I desire to be refer'd. Co. Dunbar march'd for Winter q'rs the 2d of Aug. , gave great Uneasiness and Concern to the People in gen'l here, and more so, as he order'd to march with him the three Independ't Compa's H. M'y was graciously pleas'd to send here under my Com'd for protect'n of y's Dom'n, and to help to drive the Enemy from the Ohio. By what Authority he or der'd these Compa's I know not, but it appears he intended to leave our Front's as defenceless as he c'd. I have a L'r from G'l Shirley approv'g of my proposal for mak'g another Attempt the other Side of the Alleg'y y's Fall, and gave Colo. D r orders accordingly, but y't if he found it impracticable y't he was to march the rem's of his Array to Albany, w'ch last Orders he complies with, and is on his March for y't Place ; and as he DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 195 has a long March it's probable he cannot reach y't Place till the End of Oct'r, w'n it wih be a proper Time to think of Winter Q'rs, and I cannot see y't he can be of any Service y's Year to the Expedit'n ag'st Niagara or Crown Point. A great Misfor tune to the Expedition was Gen'l Braddock's carry'g with him his Instruct's and all his other Papers, with the Plan of Operat's concerted and agreed on at Alexa'a, all w'ch are fallen into the Enemy's Hands, and no doubt have sent ah the Forces at the Ohio they c'd spare to the Aid of Niagara and Crown Point. In y't Case it is probable if a second attempt had been made y's Fall the Enemy at the Ohio w'd have been reduc'd in Numb's. Our Assembly was prorogu'd last Saturday Week, w'n they voted ;^40,ooo more for the Service of the Expedit'n, and I have granted Cora's for the Augment'g of our Forces to I, ooo besides the Rangers, and propos'd, with the Assist'ce of our neighbour'g Colonies, to have march'd 12 or 1,500 Men over the Alleghany Mount's to have built a F't at the Meadows, or any other proper Place, to be a Magazine for Stores and Pro vis's to facihtate the Operat's of next Year's Campaign, and to have left in y't F't 800 Men dur'g the Winter. Y's Step I tho't w'd have been of great Service if H. M'y sh'd think proper of send'g more Forces over here, and I accordingly wrote to the Gov'rs of M'yl'd and Pensylvania for their Approbat'n and As sist'ce; but to my great Concern the Misunderstand' g between them and their Assembhes still subsists ; y' t I can't expect any Assist'ce frora them; y't I shall be obliged to be on the Defen sive, protect our back Settlem'ts, and wait his M'y's Com'ds, to w' ch I shall give all due Obedience. The Many Disappointm' ts and monstrous unfortunate Accidents attend'g our last Cam paign gives me much uneasiness, or ara I a proper Judge of raihtary Affairs to give ray Opinion of G'l Braddock's Dispo sitions; but y's I may venture to assert, y't if the Rem's of the Army had continued the other Side of the Mount's, entrench'd themselves and sent in to the different Gov'ts, now the Roads are open'd, it w'd have been a proper Step. I think the Enemy w' d not have attack' d thera, and if they had it would have pre- vent'd their send'g their Forces up the Ohio to the Defence of Niagara and Crown Point; or can I undertake to say by whose Orders the Amunit'n and Provis's at Colo. Dunbar's Camp was destroy'd, but can't help say'g it was a very ih-judg'd Th'g, and 196 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. on the whole I think an Infatuat'n attended all their Proceedings, and raakes it the more obvious to me by leav'g our Frontiers to the Insults of the Enemy. It gives me Uneasiness to write You so melancholy an Affair, but c'd not shun writing fully to Y'r L'ds., as I have Y'r Permiss'n so to do. If any Assist'ce is in tended from B'n, the sooner the better, and every Th'g in my Power shall be done with Alacrity, and beg Leave to assure You I rem'n, with profound Respect, Y'r L'd's most ob'd't and faith'l h'ble serv't. GOV. DINWIDDIE TO COMMODORE AUGUSTUS KEPPEL. Sept'r 6th, 1755. Sir: My last to you was the 7th of Aug., to w'ch please be ref'd. As Co. Dunbar is march'd from F't CumbTd and car ried all the Regulars, even the three Independ't Compa's y't were order'd under my com'd, so y't F't and our Frontiers are left to the Provisional Troops. As soon as the Regul' s march'd the Provincials deserted daily in great Nos. aledg'g the Regul' s had left them a Prey for the Enemy, y't now there are not above 100 Men at the Fort. I have given out Com's to augm't the Forces of y's Dom'n to 1,000 Men, and if [I] c'd be assisted by the neighbour'g Colonies, I see no Difficulty in march'g over the Allegany and build' g a Fort at the Meadows or some other proper Place, w'ch w'd be a Magazine for Stores and Provis's to fachitate the Operat's of next Campaign, but the Misunderstand' g still subsists between the G'r of M'^-l'd and Pensylva'a with their Assemblies, and I fear will continue tih the Parhara' t of B'n interferes. I therefore must rem'n on the Defensive with our Forces to protect our Frontiers till I have Orders from Home. I have a L'r from G'l Shirley, of the 12th Ult'o; he y'n was near Oswego on his March to Niagara; I heartily wish him Success, but a great Misfortune to our Expe dit'n is the loss of G'l Braddock's Instruct's, Papers and the Plan of Operat's concerted at Alex' a, are fallen into the Hands of the Enemy, in Course they will send w't Forces they can to DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 197 support Niagara, and I hear a great many Men are gone from the Ohio to y't Fort. Gen'l Johnson march'd with his Forces from Albany the 9th of last Mo. for Crown Point. I hear G'l Shirley has order' d Colo. Dunbar with the Regulars to raarch for Albany, but as the Distance is large and throw woods, I sup pose he cannot reach y't Place thi the end of Oct'r and y'n it will be Time to think of Winter Q'rs. I think there is an Infatuat'n attend'g all our Schemes. S'r Jno. St. Clair has been here ab't 10 Days, he recovers of his Wounds pretty fast. He is very silent in regard to the Act'n at Monongahela, but I think he does not approve of the Dispositions of the Army, and says it was contrary to his Opinion. My Wife and two Girls join in wish'g You Health and Prosperity. A L'r at Y'r Leisure will be much agreeable to. Worthy Sir, Y'r most faithful h'ble serv't. P. S.— On the Situat'n of Affairs in y's Part of the World, I presume a Military Man will be appointed G'r of y's Dom'n, and I shall be all Submiss'n to H. M'y's Pleasure. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO JAMES ABERCROMBY. Sept'r 6th, 1755. Sir : My last to You was the 7th of Aug., to w'ch please be re fer'd, tho' I have had no L'r from You of a long Time. I now transmit to their L'd's for Trade, twenty-two Acts of Asserably, w'ch I desire Y'r Attent'n to, y't they may have H. M'y's Assent. There is a private Act to confirm an Agreem't between Sam'l Washington and Wm. Withers. The last is my Sec'ry. I therefore desire you will do the necessary to have it Confirmed, and y't w'th all prudent Dispatch. He writes You the enclos'd L'r, with a Bill of Excha. for ;^30 to pay the Cha's, w'ch I hope will be more than necessary ; but if any deficient, I will pay you. Our Assembly were adjourn'd y's Day fortnight, granted ;^40, - 000, w'ch wih enable me to Augm't our Forces to 1,000 Men. I wish H. M'y w'd be graciously pleas'd to send out some blank 198 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. Com's for our Officers in the same shape as those to G'l Shirley and S' r Wra. Peppereh, it w'd be a great Encouragem't to our Officers. I have wrote to S'r T. Robinson on y't Head. Pray attend to it, and from his Office You wih know if it wih be granted. I have also wrote for all sorts of military Stores ; our Magazine is exhausted by the Supplies given the Gen'l and the Gov'ts of New York and the Jerseys to qualifie them to conduct the Expedition to Niagara and Crown Point. Colo. D r march'd with all the Regul's ; even the three Ind't Compa's of New York and So. Caro., y't H. M'y had ordered under my Com'd, he has ordered to march with him. Y's step has occa sion'd a gen'l Dissatisfaction among the People of y's Dom'n. If he had rem'd at F't Cum'l'd, I think with the Reinforcemt's I c'd have given hira, he might have done someth'g the other Side of the Aheg'ys y's Fall; but now I am confin'd to protect our frontiers frora the Incursions of the Enemy. G'l Shirley agreed with me in the above and order'd Co. D r to make another At tempt the other Side of the Mount's, but if he found it imprac ticable he was to march his Forces to Albany. Y's latter Part of his Orders he puts in Execut'n and leaves our Frontiers to be protected by the Provincial Troops, and they are so dispirited at the Regulars leav'g of them y't they deserted in great Nos. , y't now I think we have not loo Men at F't CumbTd. The con duct of the above Colo, has given me great Uneasiness, and am greatly fatigu'd in rais'g Men, &c. I rema., with great Respect, S'r, Y'r ob'd't h'ble serv't. P. S. — The Council and Ho. of Burgesses have address'd H. M'y, and I have sent it to S'r T. Robinson. Enclos'd I send You a Copy. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO MAJOR ANDREW LEWIS. Sept'r 15th, 1755. Sir : I rec'd Y'r Let'r of the 9th by Co. Stewart. I am sorry for the Death of 13 of our Subjects at Green Bryer, and I think the People in Augusta in general have not acted with proper Spirit DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 199 in not resist'g the flying Parties of the barbarous Ind's. This I think, w'n I consider the No. of Y'r Militia and the small No. of Ind's y't do the Mischief I expect 150 Warriors from the Cherokees to rem'n on our Frontiers all Winter; w'n they come, give Orders to receive them kindly and supply them the same as our own People, and I believe with encouragem't, they promised to go ag'st the Shawnees, and to cut them off, w'ch I wish they may do as they are the Ind's who have comitted the many Murders. I wonder Ct. Overton • did not proceed to Green Bryer, w'ch probably w'd [have] been of great Service. As to Capt's Preston and Smith as rangers, they are not to be at any Place but to scower the Woods on the Frontiers. And let Ct Buchanan know, as You was first qualified as Colo, of the Co'tj"^, you are to Com'd till I see proper to appoint a Lieut. You must do Duty where You are till reliev'd. I have formed our Forces into a Regim't, under the Com'd of Co. Washington and You are to [be] appoint'd Maj'r. Y'r Pay for Y'r Co'y has been duly p'd to Co. Wood and the Pay M'r has carried up Money for last Mo. I have given Co. Steuart 200_;^ to purchase Provis's for the Rangers of Y'r Co'ty. each other Co'y sent to You had loo;^ to purchase their own Provis's. I think the Rangers sh'd be so fixt as to protect the Grain till gather'd in, but w't can be s'd w'n the Inhabit's are seiz'd with a Panick as not to defend their Crops. As Y'r Co'y has not been full, yet p'd as full, the Money p'd for Men not in being You sh'd apply to purchase Provisions. I am rauch hurried so cannot enlarge, I ara S'r Y'r Friend, &c. P. S. — I send You four Commissions to fill up. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO CAPTAIN WILLIAM PRESTON. Sept'r 15th, 1755. Sir: I rec'd Y'r L'r of the 9th, and I approve of Y'r Intentions to range the Woods w'th Detachments from three Compa's, and by no means continue in one Place, but proceed wherever You 200 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. think the Ind's may come to annoy our back Settlem'ts, and I expect a No. of the Cherokees whl be with You this Winter; if they do come, give Orders that they may be Kindly used. I think by Diligence You raay soon destroy the flying Parties of Ind's. I hope the Rangers, with the Assistance of Y'r poor In habitants, may soon destroy the Vermin. I have now sent up by Col. Steuart 2oO;^ for the use of the Rangers, and I think Y'r Co'ty sh'd do as some others have done to contribute to get Your Men sorae Cloth' g. I propose You to rera'n on Duty till Xmas, y'n, I think, we shall be at Peace and Quietness till the Spring. The Grain on the Ground y't is forsaken by the In habit' ts may be gathered in for support of the Rangers. You may, on y's Emergency, press Tools for the build' g of Forts. I shah give You some Lead, if You will send for it, as the other People do. I can give You no particular Direct's, but in Gen eral to take Care of the Frontiers of Y'r Co'ty ag'st any at terapts of the Enemy. A Dispute is subsist' g between Co. Lewis and Buchanan; as the former was first qualified, of Course Com'ds till I see proper to appoint a Lieut, of the County. I wish You Health and Success in defeat'g the De signs of our vihainous Enemies, and am. Sir, Y'rs, &c. P. S. — Y'r Rangers are to be p'd Sd. ^ Day. You may make a Stopage of 2d. ^ Day for their Cloth' g. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL WASHINGTON. Sept'r 17th, 1755. Sir : I rec'd Y'rs ofthe nth, with Acc't ofthe Cloth' g and Provis's. I suppose You will find some more Cloth' g at Win chester, for the Act;'t at Alexa'a belon' g to me coraes short of my Acc't. I have had 500 Shirts made here and 100 Tents. I think You may engage from Mr. Carlyle the white Shirts, Shoes, Hats and the white yearn Hose. Mr. Dick has 84 Doz. of Soldiers' Stock's come in, w'ch, if he wih sell reasonable, will compleat dinwiddie papers. 201 y't Article, and if the compleat Suits You ment'n of Cloaths in cludes Stock's, Shoes, Shirts, and Hats at 3^, it is well to en gage them, and as I am much hurried, please give Mr. Carlyle Y'r Orders about them, and I shah give Direct's for making some here. I approve of Y'r Proposal of hav'g a further Sup ply of Stock's, Shoes, &c., lodg'd with the Q'r M'r, to be issued as You say. I shall suspend send'g to Phha'a till I see You; the Necessaries wanted frora thence raay be got Time enough. I hope to provide 500 or 600 Blankets here. I have wrote to the Speaker to give Direct's to Maj'r Carlyle ab't the Provis's on Hand, and I think if he can sell them at Alexa'a it will be better. Probably he may take them to his own Acc't to ship to the West Indies, but the Flour may be kept for the Recruits, and I think they may be supplied for the pres't with the Irish Beef I cannot expect You can do much y's fall but to keep the People together, to have them taught their Exercises, and to teach them as much as possible Bush fighting. I am sorry Mr. Dick will not con tinue Commiss'y, as he is active and well-known in the Co'try, and w'd do better than any other in seeing the Provis's salted, and he will be duly supplied with Cash from Y'r military Chest, w' ch You wih have at the Court, and there will be 500 Beeves from No. Caro. y't I have engag'd to pay, and believe a great Part of them must be at the Fort by y's Time, and Co. Innes left 140 there; y't there will be only Hogs to purchase, as there is 1,000 bis. of Flour at Conegacheeg, w'ch may soon be carried to the F't by Water. When Mr. Dick meets the Comittee in Oct'r I doubt not they will settle and pay his Balla After y' t, the Hogs may be pur chas' d, but I wish a Qu'ty were now engag'd. If You want Money I am perswaded on Y'r L'r, the Speaker will supply You. I dread the Recruit' g, tho' the Officers, before they had their Commissions, were very sanguine y't they c'd raise their Com panies. Some Draughts out of the Counties have been refrac tory. The Atto'y G'l has Orders to prosecute them on the Act of Assembly for Example to others. Ct Waggener rem'd here but three days and went up to wait on You for Orders. Poor Steuart is sick of a Fever, and I doubt not under Y'r Man age' m't You will bring them into good Order. I wish You Health, and am, S'r, Y'r most h'ble serv't. P. S. — Give Y'r Orders for mak'g b'ls at the F"ort. I reco- 202 dinwiddie papers. mend 'f^ b'ls, as a Horse raay carry two of them. An Ensign is wanted for Maj'r Lewis's Co'y. You formerly recomended Mr. Merri weather; he being appointed whl be very agreeable to me. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO CHARLES DICK. Sept'r 17th, 1755. Sir: Inclos'd I send You a L'r from Y'r Bro., w'ch came under my Cover. He sent me Bill of Lad'g for two Hhds. cont'g 84 Doz. of Stock's for Soldiers. I have desir'd Co. Hunter to re ceive and store them till You give Orders ab't them. If You will sell them, send me the Ace' t with the Advance, and if agree able will take them and pay You at Court. As Co. Washington is to have a Military Chest, if You continue Commissary You will then be regularly supplied with Money from him, and am, S'r, Y'r very h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR DOBBS. Sept'r I Sth, 1755. Sir: Y'r L'r of the 9th I duly rec'd with Mr. Glen's long Epis tle. What Interest or Knowledge he raay have of Ind'n Affairs (w'ch he so much vaunts of), I know not, but it's plain the Fr. have outwitted all his Cunning, for the Ind's sent to the Cherokees last March was a Policy of the Fr. to prevent their join'g our Forces on the Ohio, w'ch is plain, for on their leav'g Chote — by Mr. Glen's L'r — ^they murder'd some of the Chero kees, and no doubt they, in their Councils, prevaU' d with them to meet G'r Glen, w'ch was the only Step they wanted to prevent their going to the Ohio; and they succeeded, much to the Loss of the Expedit'n and Shame to the Gov'r. He says he has added 1,800 People to H. M'y's Subjects, and above 40,000,000 of acres of Land. The cultivat'g a F'dship with the Ind's is' DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 203 comendable, and the Duty of every G' r, but the Purchase of their Land appears to me wrong, only some at a Time, as we settle to the Westw'd; and I much fear the Fr. whl raake a proper use of it, by observ'g we make Purchases of their Lands to enslave their whole People; or further, if those Lands were to be taken from them, as by Mr. Glen's famous Contract, w'd not the Fr. take them by the Hand, cajole and perswade them to their In terest under Pretence of giv'g them much better Lands to the Westw'd? At present. Purchase of Lands from any Ind'n Nat'n, sh'd not be tho't of, but to cherish them with Pres'ts and regu late the Price of Goods sold to them. We do not want Lands, but sh'd take Care to protect w't is the just and undoubted Ter ritory of the Crown. I lately had five of the Cherokees with me; the Head Man was the son of Old Hop. I rec'd them properly, entertain'd thera well, and gave thera Presents; they prorais'd to be on our Frontiers with 150 Warriors all this Win ter, and went away well satisfied. I send You Copy of their speech and my Answer. What a piece of Work has Mr. Glen made with the Creeks, leav'g to his Successor a very difficult Task to bring y't Nation over to our F'dship, and all owing, as I think, to protecting the Traders in their exorbitant Charge in seh'g their Goods to those poor People. The Fr. if they seh their Goods for less than they cost, as a Piece of good Policy to engage them to their Interest, I wish none of the King's Gov'rs may be concern'd in their Trade, and out of a lucrative View betray their trust for their own Int't. And I have reason to think the Ind's have great Reason to coraplain of the Traders from So. Caro. Their Eraperor and some of their Head Men complain'd greatly to me on y's Head. I dare say G'r Little ton must be arriv'd before y's at So. Caro. ; however, I sh'd be glad if You w' d write to Mr. Glen or the Com'd'g Officer for the Time pres't, with Y'r Observat' s on his unaccountable Con duct with the Ind's, and his great Purchase from them, w'ch at y's Time I think is a very preposterous, irregular, and inconsist' t Step. I think all our Operat's hitherto have been conducted with Blunders. I will not undertake to raent' n the Disposition of G'l Braddock's march, his leav'g half of his Army forty Miles behind, the want of Scouts to clear the Woods, their being at tack'd on their long March, &c., &c. I must refer You to Y'r Son and Co. Innes, after their Defeat and ret'n to Co. Dunbar's 204 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. Catnp. The Destruct'n of all our Stores and Provis's is a most unprecedented Step. They say it was the GenTs Orders. W'n he carae there he was not in proper Senses to give Orders. If the Aid-de-Camp gave those Orders, I think the next Com'd'g Officer might have prolonged the Time in put'g thera in Execut'n and have entrench'd themselves, (being assur'd the Fr. did not pursue them,) and then sent in to the different Gov'ts for Reinforcem'ts; instead thereof, after every Thing was destroy'd, and ah their Provis's, they began their March to F't CumbTd, and sent to y't Place for 30 Horse Loads of Provis's for the Men on the March. W'n Co. Dunbar, on whom the Cora'd devolved, arriv'd at F't CumbTd, I wrote him we had four Mo's good Weather; if he w'd make another Attempt over the Mount's I w'd reinforce him with 500 Men. He answer' d my Let'r in the Negative, and wrote rae the ist of Aug'st y't next Morn'g he would begin his march for Phha'a for Winter Q'rs. It surpriz'd me to find his Intent' n to go to Winter Q'rs the middle of Suraer; and to com pleat the Blunders, he carried with hira the three Ind't Compa's y't were order'd by H. M'y under my Com'd. Y's Step was the reason of the great Desert' n from the Provincial Troops. Colo. Dunbar knew the Road to the Ohio was open'd and our Co'try expos'd to the Incursions of a barbarous Enemy. He to leave us so expos'd, with't Orders from G'l Shirley, is a Step, I think, not consistent with mihtary Discipline. I have fairly rep resented it Home, with ray Let'r to Co. Dunbar and his answer to rae, and I doubt not some Enquiry will be made on these Af fairs. The Loss of the Train of Artillery was great, but G'l Braddock's tak'g all his Papers with him, w'ch fell into the Hands of the Eneray, by w'ch they knew the whole Plan of our Operat's, and in Course be a great Loss to G'l Shirley and Johnson, as they undoubtedly will send all the Forces they pos sibly can collect to Niagara and Crown Point. W't was the mean'g of carry'g these Papers with him I cannot conceive, as he c'd always have comanded them from F't CumbTd in a few Days. When I observ'd our Co'try so much expos'd I sent out four Compa's of Rangers, and as our Assembly have voted ^40,000 more, I have issu'd Com's and Orders for rais'g 1,000 Men to defend our Frontiers and y's Winter to teach our People the Exercise of their Arms, &c., and to rem'n untill I have H. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 205 M'y's Com'ds, w'ch I hope wih be with more Forces from Britain in order to accomplish w't is already begun. I hope Y'r As sembly will now exert themselves and Strengthen Y' r Hands for the Public Cause, y't if any Th'g is directed to be done next Year y't You may be prepar'd to assist. M'yl'd and Pen sylva'a continue obstinate and as yet have done Nothing. The latter Assembly sent a very warm and unmannerly Message to their Gov'r. Y'r Son has y't Paper, and I congratulate You on his recovery of the Distemper in his Eyes. Excuse the Length of y's L'r. I wish You Health, and am, with great Respect, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO JOHN CAMPBELL ESQ..^^ NORTH CAROLINA. Sept'r iSth, 1755. Sir : I rec'd Y'r several L't's in reg'd to the Beeves. I order'd Y'r Driver to proceed with them to F't CumbTd, w'ch is the only Place I can receive them ; and desir' d him to take a Receipt from the Com' d' g Officer or the Comissary. W' n y' t is procur' d I shall take the proper Care for Paym't. I hope You enjoy a good State of Health, and sincerely wish You all Felicity, and am, S'r, Y'r ob'd't h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR SHARPE. Sept'r 20th, 1755. Sir: Y'r L'r ofthe 15th July did not come to ray Hands till last Week, or I sh'd have answer' d k before y's. It was pick'd up in the Street and open' d. Surely it was sent by a careless Per- ^^ Of Bertie county, and Speaker ofthe General Assembly in 1754. 206 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. son. The Contents in regard to the Officers of Nova Scotia, no doubt they have proceeded either to offer their Service to G'l Shirley or to their Com'ds at N. Scotia. Y'rs of the 2d of y's Mo. I rec'd by ray E's in Ans.ver. Colo. D r's hurry in coming over the Allegany Mount's and not construct' g a F't in a proper Place, must be of great Prejudice to the Expedition. If he had rem'd, the Forces at the Fr. F't w'd have waited to attend his motions. On his Retreat, no doubt, all the Forces went to Niagara for the Defence of y' t important Place, w' ch makes me under great Concern for G'l Shirley. Co. D r's Conduct, on his Ret'n to F't CumbTd, I believe with't Pre cedent; to march from thence with't Orders, leav'g our Fron tiers so open to the Incursions ofthe Enemy, and not leav'g the Independ't Compa's y't were sent under my Com'd forthe Pro tect'n of our Frontiers, &c. Co. Innes says there were very few Desertions before y's Period. I, as in Duty bound, have represented the Affair Home to the Ministry. I am very fond of sending w't Forces can be rais'd in the three Colonies to buhd a Fort the other side ofthe Allegany Mount's, but as Pen sylva'a and Y'r Colony cannot be brot. to a just sense of their Duty to contribute to y's necessary work, I must suspend it, as our People justly observe y't it is not equitable they sh'd be at the whole Charge in protect' g our Neighbours. If y's c'd have been done, it w'd have greatly fachitated whatever Operat's raay be concerted for the succeed' g Carapaign. I have now granted Cora's for the rais'g of 16 Comp's to con sist of 1,000 Men, to be in a Regim't; the Com'd thereof is given to Co. Washington. They are to protect our Fron tiers, and dur'g the Winter to learn the Exercise, to be ready to join any Forces y't may be sent from Home next Spring. I was wrong w'n I s'd Co. D r carried Mortars with him; I meant Coehorns. As no doubt you have seen S'r J. St. Clair, he wih give you his Opinion in reg'd to the Enemy's destroy'g the Great Guns, tho' it seeras very uncertain. I ara of opinion with You, y't if G'l Shirley succeeds, the Forts on the Ohio wih soon be ours; but I am greatly afraid of his Success, as they have had so long Time to reinforce themselves. Montgomery is arrived at Hampton with Stores and Cloth' g. I have no News by him but y't the whole Navy of Eng. is put in Com'o., and tho't on ret'n of the King from His German Dom's y't War wih DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 207 be declar'd. I c'd not obtain such a Militia Law as I desir'd, and am therefore asham'd to send You the one they made. I am with very great Esteem, Y'r Ex's most obed't humble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR MORRIS. Sept'r 2oth, 1755. Sir : I rec'd Y'r favo. of the 20th ult'o. I am reahy very sorry and surpriz'd at the unmanerly Message sent You by the As' sembly; surely if Differences do subsist between You and them, good manners is due You as the Supreme Magistrate. At same time, I am sorry Y'r Instructions prevented Y'r accepting of their Vote for ;^5o,ooo; with y't 'Money and w't we have rais'd here w'd have made a good Figure in. prosecut'g the Plan I wrote You of the 29th July. But as Y'r Assembly appear ob stinate in not doing w't is their Duty at y's Period, 1 must leave of any Tho'ts of it at y's Time. After the Defeat of our Forces, if Co. D r had entrench'd himself built a Fort, sent in to the Governors for reinforcements, he w'd have prevented the Fr., &c. , going to Niagara from the Ohio, and at the same Time fachitat'g the Operat's of the next Campaign. Instead of y's, his great Inclinat'n for going to Y'r City, he left our Frontiers expos'd to the Insults of the Eneray by carry'g with him the whole Regulars, the six Pounders and the Coehorns. If he had made another Attempt, I doubt not of having reinforc'd him with 1,000 Men, who now must be employ'd all the Winter in protect' g our Frontiers and to be in readiness for next year. I have not omitted writ'g to the Ministry the unaccountable Con duct of Y'r Assembly and the Dangers we are in from the Ger man Roman Catholicks, and I have no doubt the next Sessions they will seriously consider of it and make some Alterations in Y'r Constitut'n. I much want to hear of G'l Shirley. I am under great Concern for him, as no doubt they have collected all the Forces they c'd to Niagara, as I hear most of their Men are gone from the Ohio to y't Place. Pray write me the News from 208 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. thence, and of G'l Johnson's Success ag'st Crown Point. I wish You Health, more ease and Satisfact'n in Y'r Gov't y'n I con ceive You now enjoy, and am in Great Truth, S'r, Y'r most obed't humble serv't. P. S. — I give You the Trouble of the enclos'd to forw'd to G'l Shirley by first Opp'ty, as I know not where to direct to him. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR BELCHER. Sept'r 20th, 1755. Sir: I acknowledge the receipt of Y'rs of the 6th Ult'o. After the Defeat of our Forces at Monongahela, if the Officer who succeeded in Com'd had entrench'd himself, built a Fort and sent for reinforcements to the different Governor's, it w'd have kept the Fr. in awe and prevented their going to the aid of Ni agara ; but y't Gent, march'g in to F't CumbTd and fi'om thence to Philad'a with all the regular Forces has rais'd a great Clamour and Uneasiness among our People, as our Frontiers are left open to the Insults of the barbarous Enemy. I am now rais'g 1,000 Men to protect our Frontiers, and to be in readiness ag'st the Spring to go upon such Operations as may be then concerted. I wish to hear of the Success of G'l Shirley and Johnson, tho' I have my own Fears. Pray advise me w'n You have proper Acc'ts. I am, with great Esteem, Y'r Ex's most obed't humble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GENERAL SHIRLEY. Sept'r 20th, 1755. Sir: I had the Favo. of Y'rs of the 13th Uito., with Copy of Y'r Orders to Co. D r. He chose rather to go to the No'w'd y'n execute Y'r Orders in mak'g a sec'd Attack on the Fr. F't DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 209 on the Ohio. There seems to be an Infatuat'n attend'g our Op erat's as to the March, Attack and Defeat of G'l Braddock, w'ch no doubt You have particular Acc'ts of; but I shall follow hira on his Retreat. At Co. D r's Camp, w'ch was upwards of 40 miles from the place of Act'n, there they destroy'd all the Amu nit'n and Provis's, by whose Orders I know not, for surely Gen'l Braddock was not in a Condition to give Orders, being hi of his Wounds, w'ch no doubt affected his Senses; however y's was done. If Co. D r, who succeeded in Cora'd, had entrench'd hiraself and built a F't, the Fr. w'd never have disturb'd hira. He then had upw'ds of 2,000 Men fit for Duty, and if he had sent out to me and the other Gov'ts he w'd have been re inforced with Men and supphes, with Provis's from F't Cum bTd, where there was plenty of all kinds. Y's Step w'd have kept the Fr. in awe, prevented their sending the Men from the F't to the Aid of Niagara, and if he had buht a F't and left 500 Men in it w'd have. been of great Use on any Operat'ns y't may be next Year. But he began his March over the Mount's and had destroy'd the Prov's so near y't he was oblig'd to send in for 30 Horse Loads for the Use of his Men on their March. When I heard he was at the F't I wrote him the L'r, Copy of w'ch I sent You, and he wrote me an Answer the ist of Aug., (Copy thereof You have enclos' d), and began his March next Day for Winter Q'rs at Philad'a. He march'd all the regular Forces to the Amo. of upwards of 1,600, among whom were the three Independ't Compa's order'd here by H. M'y to be under my Com'd. He carried with him four six-Pounders and four Coe horns. The last were absolutely necessary at the Fort. His march'g frora the F't with't Y,'r Orders is w't lies with You to enquire ab't; but I have a right to complain of his carry'g the three Independ't Compa's with him y't were order'd here for Protect'n of our frontiers. He also order'd the Light Horse rais'd here, to march with him to Winchester. By his L'r You may observe he propos'd leaving the So. Ca. Comp'y at Winchester, but afterwards carried them also with him. By his Conduct it w'd appear he intended to leave our Frontiers in as much Distress as possible. G'r Innes, who Com'd the F't, wrote him, before he march'd to Shippensburg, y't he had sent out a party to see w't the Enemy was do'g, and they reported y't a great No. of Fr. and Ind's were at the Meadows, and was 210 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. affraid they inteftded to attack the F't, and desired him to lend some Assistance. He advis'd hira to send to me for some Men, and so continued his March for Philad'a. As You have order'd him to Albany, I wish he may be in Time to join You. Some of his F'ds have put in the Pennsylva' a Gazette y't his men were alraost naked, wanted Stock' gs Shoes, &c. If so, c'd he not [have] supplied them at the F't by writ'g to Philad'a, at w'ch place he c'd have had all Necessaries y't were want'g? The Consequ'ce of his sudden March was y't the Provincial Troops deserted daily in great Numb'rs, w'ch, before his March, very few had deserted; and many flying Parties of the Enemy have corae in among our Inhabitants, robbed and murder'd many of our People, w'ch, I think, w'd, in some measure, have been prevented, if he had rem'd till he had rec'd Y'r Com'ds. On y's dismal Situat'n of our affairs I immediately order'd out four Compa's of Rangers to our Frontiers; and the Assembly hav'g voted _j^40,ooo, by the Strength thereof I am rais'g i,ooo Men to guard and defend the Co'try from the Insults and In vasions of the Enemy, and to have them in readiness, if any further Operat's may be propos'd next Year. I tho't it neces sary to acqu't You of Co. D r's Managem' t and the Situat'n of our affairs at pres' t. I pray God grant You and G' 1 Johnson success in Y'r Attempts ag'st Crown Point and Niagara, and I rem'n, with very great Respect and Esteem, Y'r Ex's most obed't humble serv't. P. S. — We have two Hostages in Canada, and I have one. La Force, in Gaol here. He wants to be enlarg'd, and think the G'r of Canada wih send those Hostages if I wih relieve him from Gaol, and according writes the enclos'd Let'r, w'ch You may forw'd, or not, as you see proper. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO CAPTAIN OVERTON. Sept'r 2oth, 1755. Sir : I rec'd Y'r L'r by Y'r L't. I am perswaded if the People of Augusta had exerted themselves the few flying Parties of Ind's DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 211 c' d not have succeeded so as to murder so many People; but they are seiz'd with a Shameful Panick, so as to leave their Es tates and Crops. I wish You c'd procure a List of ah those that have left their Plantat's. I approve of Y'r Diligence in scower' g the Woods in smah Parties, w'ch hope wih have the proper Effect Pray send me Word w't No. of Men Ct Smith and Ct Preston have. I understood from them y't they had up wards of 30 Men each, but Y'r L't thinks they have few or none. I expect 150 Cherokee Ind's into New or Holston's River in six Week's Time. I desire You w'd rem'n out to meet them, join them with Y' r Men, use them well, y't they may have no Reason for Coraplaint; if Amunit'n is want'g for thera, please send Word by w't Opp'ty I can send sorae up. Y'r L't says Y'r Time whl be out by the 21st of next Mo. If You and Y'r Men will rem'n to Xmas from the 21st of Oct'r, tih You ret'n You shall be p'd as the other Forces in the Gov't's Service. I have Officers recruit' g, but I cannot tell of their Success, and they are under the Com'd of Colo. Washington. As the Ind's have not destroy'd the Crops on the Ground, it's probable they may come iri to gather it; I, therefore, think, if You build a small Stockadoe F't in a proper Place, near the Fields of Corn, You may have the Opp'ty of geting many Scalps. As I have a good Opinion of Y'r Resolut'n and Conduct, I leave the whole to Y'r managem' t, and am, S'r, Y'r F'd, &c. P. S. — Keep a Correspondence with Maj'r Lewis or the Per son y't Com'ds y't Co'y. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO WILLIAM CALLAWAY, ESQ'R. Sept'r 20th, 1755. Sir: I rec'd Y'r L'r, and was much surpriz'd y't Ct Phelps and Ct Terry have not march[ed] out agreeable to their and Y'r Proposal. You now recom' d one Rob't Wynn for a Com'd; in Case of his Disappointm' t in rais'g Men, I send You a blank Com'o. for a Capt. and two others, w'ch I desire You to fill up 212 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. with proper Persons, and send them out iraediately to join Ct Overton, and [I] hope they will rem'n thi Xtmas. The Money I sent up cannot be made use of, as the Men are not march'd; and by the Court let me know w't raay be want'g, as it's im possible for me to judge at y's Distance. Pray be expeditious in send'g them out, as I hope in a Mo. or Six Weeks there whl be 150 Cherokees on the Frontiers of Augusta to assist us ag'st the Cora'n Enemy. I ara extremely hurried, and therefore can add no raore but y't I am, S'r, Y'r most h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR GLEN. Sept. 25th, 1755. .Sir: Y'r long L'r of the 29th Aug. and y't of the i6th Curr't I have now before me. After the Defeat of G'l Braddock, Colo. D— — r, who com'd the remainder of the Forces, march'd in to F't CumbTd, from thence to Philad'a to Winter Q'rs the mid dle of Sumer, and order'd all the regular Forces, even the three Independ't Compa's sent by H. M'y under my Com'd, to march with him. The Road to the Ohio being open'd, our Country expos'd to the Invasions of the Enemy, they came in small Par ties, robbed and murder'd ab't 50 Families, and on the March of the Regulars the Provincial Troops deserted in great Num bers. I sent up Six Compa's of Rangers to our Frontiers. Our Assembly have voted _;^40,ooo raore, w'ch quahfied me to raise a Regim't of 1,000 Men, with whora I shah rem'n on the De fensive to protect our Co'try till I have Orders from home. You seem surpriz'd we had no Ind's to join G'l Braddock. The Six Nat's have join'd Gen'l Shirley and Johnson in their Operat's to Niagara and Crown Point. The French are be tween us and the Twightwees. A few Ind's with Moneca toocha were with the Gen'l, and were properly esteemed and taken Care of; but the only Assistance from Ind's y't I had any Dependence on were the Cherokees, who promis' d a No. of their Warriors, and by Y'r Let's You s'd You w'd prevail with them to send some. How You or they perform'd y't Promise You dinwiddie papers. 213 best know. If I be properly inform'd, the French sent some of their Ind's to the Cherokees last Mar. to prevent their com'g to our Aid; prevail'd with them to raeet You, and they stav' doff y't Meet'g so long y't it succeeded the Fr. Intent's in keep'g them from the Place of Act'n, w'ch I may say was a neat Step to wards that Loss of the Battle. If You was as well acquainted with the Fr. Cunning and Chicanery as You say You are with the Customs; &c. , of the Ind's, You w'd have prevented y's Policy of theirs. I observe You have purchas'd all the Chero kee Co'try, by w'ch You have added 40,000,000 of acres to H. M'y's Territories and 18,000 People. Give me leave, S'r, to expatiate a little on y's grand Purchase. Is y's the Time to make Purchases of such large Tracts of land ? W't Service will it be to the Crown ? Purchases of Land are very eligible as we settle to the Westw'd, and y't only in sraall Quantities, for You know the Ind's are very tenatious of their Hunt'g Grounds. Suppose the Fr. sh'd say: Cherokees, Y'r Pro's, the Eng., have bo't all Y'r Lands, and in a few Years they will make Y'r whole Nat'n their Slaves. Throw off Y'r F'dship to them, declare Y'r .Selves in our Int't, and we will protect You and Y'r Lands. Y's may naturally be expected from so perfidious an Enemy as the Fr, , and I do not think the Ministry will aprove of y's Pur chase at y's Period of Time. Sir, W'd not the great Ex's You have been at been more eligible in strengthening us with their F'dship and procur'g a No. to come in to our Assistance on the Ohio to defend H. M'y's Lands there, agreeable to His Com'ds, and in confirming a F'dship with the Creeks, who, I hear, are now much attached to the Fr. Int't? I cannot help saying, in ray private Opinion, y's w'd have been more essential than the purchase of d'ble the Q'ty of Land You have got the Cherokees to give up to H. M'y. And I fear You never earnestly press'd the Cherokees to send up a No. of their Warriors, as five of y't Nat'n were lately in here and declar'd their Intent'n of com'g with a great No. to our Assistance, but y't the G'r of So. Caro lina had so frequently and earnestly desir'd a Meet'g with their Great Men y't on their determining to meet him put a Stop to their intended March to our Aid. Y's is w't the Orator s'd, and You best know the Truth of it. As to the Cherokees go'g out in Parties ag'st the Fr. is very weh, but much better if their Ex cursions had been to the Ohio, where our Army intended to 214 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. defeat the Designs of the Fr. And with proper Applicat'n, from the great Int't You say you have with these People, I conceive You might have prevah'd with them to take y't Rout. We must endeav'r to get Peace raade between the Six Nat's and the brave Catawbas. At present the former have join'd our Forces ag'st Niagara and Crown Point. I am very sorry w't You write of the Creeks. I presurae You will think it advisable at ah Events to procure and secure their F'dship; for I observe the Fr. are assidiou.sly diligent with all the Nat's of Ind's on y's Cont't to be their F'ds and to declare ag'st the Eng. Y'r Let'r by Capt. Hood I have before me, and agreeable to Y'r Desire I enclose You the ^2,000 Bills to be renew'd. Ct Orme, who is gone for Brit'n, sent them over ab't a Fortnight ago with Di rect's ab't them, and I doubt not You whl ret'n them renew'd by Y'r Ex's. I hope Y'r Assembly will come into some Method to retain the Creeks in our Int't and to protect the Chickesaws. Disputes and misunderstand'gs still subsist between the G'rs of M'yl'd and Pensylva'a and their Assemblies. The first were to meet the 16th of y's Mo. I do not yet know w't they have done, and, indeed, I am so much in the Dark in reg'd to the Operat's to the No'w'd as You are, hav'g no Acc'ts for a long Tirae, till last Night an Ex's came to the Agent here for Money and bro't the Acc't You have in the enclosed News Paper, w'ch I hope is true and y't it will be very soon confirm'd by an Ex's to rae. You say You can send six or 800 Cherokees to go any where to the Assistance of the Enghsh ag'st the Fr. , provided I enable You to build the Fort The Condit'n of y's Promise can not be coraply'd with by me, as the Money and Cr. frora Britain is expended on the Expedit'n and rauch raore wanted. I rem'n, Y'r Ex's most obed't humble servant. GOX'ERNOR DINWIDDIE TO WILLIAM WRAGG, ESQ. Sept'r 25th, 1755. Sir: Y'r kind and agreeable L'r of the 7th Curr't I rec'd yester day. There appears an Infatuat'n attend'g our Affairs with the Fr. on the Ohio. G'l B k pick'd out 1,300 Men and march'd DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 215 to the Monongahela River, where he arriv'd without any mate rial Occurrence. Cl D r, with the rest of the Forces, were then upw'ds of 40 Miles behind him. The Gen'l, I fear, was too sure of Victory. He crossed the Monongahela twice on the 9th of July, and did not take the necessary Caut'n of sending Scouts before his Army to observe where the Fr. and Ind's were lurk ing. Ab't one O'Clock the Van of his Forces observ'd them and drew up their Men in pretty good Order. The Enemy drew up their Men in a Crescent or Half Moon among the Woods, where they were protected by the Trees, and frora thence fired briskly on our People, who were expos'd to their View and Fire, whilst they were in covert, by w'ch they kihed raany of our Officers and Men. The Gen'l and S'r Jno. St. Clair much Wounded, the former mortally, and died in three days after. Our advanc'd Party fell back on the others in great Disorder, and the whole retreated in rauch Confusion, and their Officers not able to bring them to Order — nay, they were disobedient to all Com'ds. We had kill'd and wounded about 600 Men. The Gen'l in three Days arriv'd at Dunbar's Camp, where he died. Co. D r, after burn'g and bury'g all the Amunit'n and Provis's, w'ch he says was by the GenTs Orders, march'd to F't CumbTd. If the Gen'l had rem'd at his own Camp on the Sth of July, till Co. Dunbar came up, I think he w'd have obtain'd a Victory, or if Co. Dunbar had entrench'd himself after the GenTs Death and built a Fort, he then having upwards of 2,000 Men, w'ch we suppose, were d'ble the No. of the Enemy, he w'd have kept the Fr. on the Ohio in proper awe, and w'd have been of great Service in fachitat'g our Operat's next Campaign; but on his March to Fort CumbTd the Fr. iraraediately sent a Reinforce ment to Niagara. The Gen' 1' s Papers fah'g into their Hands, they were acquainted with all our Operat's, w'ch is a sensible Loss to the Expedit'n. On Co. D r's Arrival at our Fort, I wrote him if he w'd raake a second Attempt over the Mount's I w'd reinforce him with 500 Men. He answer' d rae the ist of Aug. in the Negative, and y't he was deterrained to raarch to Philad'a for Winter q'rs, w'ch he began his March next raorn'g, tak'g with him all the Regulars, even the three Independ't Compa's order'd here under my Cora'd. This unprecedented step of Co. D r's go'g to Winter q'rs the Middle of Suramer gave great Uneasiness to all sorts of People in y's Dom'n. The Road 216 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. to the Ohio made open, our Co'try expos'd to the Incursions of a barbarous Enemy; and imraediately after the March of the Regulars our Provincial Troops deserted in great No's., think'g they were left to be destroy'd by a merciless Enemy. On y's dismal Situat'n of our Affairs, and many small Parties of the Fr. and Ind's com'g Araongst our Inhabitants, robbing and murder ing ab't 50 Famihes, I immediately sent out five Compa's of Rangers to our Frontiers to protect the poor Settlers. Our As sembly met and voted 4,000;,^ more for the Expedit'n. Y's qualified me to raise a Regim't of 1,000 Men, w'ch are now enlisting. With them I hope to be able to protect our Co'try, and to rera'n of the Defensive thi I have Orders from Home. This is our pres't situat'n. Last Night I had an Acc't from N. York y't G'l Johnson, who Com' d'd the Expedit'n ag'st Crown Point, had an Engagem't with the Fr. and was Victorious. I have no particulars of the Engagem't raore than w't you will see in the enclosed Paper, to w'ch please be refer'd. As to Y'r G'r's great Purchase of all the Lands belong' g to the Cherokees, I cannot think it will redound to his Hon' r. We do not want their Lands at pres't, but if he had establish'd a true F'dship with thera and prevail'd on thera to send some of their Warriors to our Assistance, he w d have done great Service, but y's I take to be a Managem' t of the Fr. to keep thera at a Distance from our Forces; and those Ind's y't were in their Nat'n last March were Fr. Ind's. Know'g they were press'd by me, and they actually promis'd 400 War riors, they went there to divert them frora cora'g, and affected their Design. I think I hear the Fr. say'g to the Cherokees : Children, Y'r Pro's, the Enghsh, ha\'e purchas'd Y'r Lands, and in a short Tirae will make Y'r whole Nat'n their Slaves; corae to us, acknowledge Y'r Selves our Friends, we will give You w't Lands You please and will protect You in them. The Purchase of Lands is of no Service, but w'n we are in want, and then only in small Quant's, for all Nat's of Ind's are very tena cious of their Hunt'g Grounds. Ct Orme is gone for Eng'd, and sent me the ;^2,ooo Bills to answer some Advances I ha\e made; I now send them to be renew'd. Co. D r, they tell me, disputes G'l Shirley's Com'd over him till he gets to N. York, and he still rem's at Philad'a. The Paragraph You put into the News Paper is very pertinent, and I am convinc'd Mr. Glen did not propose to the Cherokees to send in some of their DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 217 Warriors to our Assistance, as five of their men came in here lately from Old Hop, who assur'd me y't they were ready to march in to our Assistance, but y't the repeated desire of the G'r of So. Caro. to have a meet'g with their great Men, pre vented it. I sent them away well pleas'd, and they promis'd a No. of Warriors w'n I sh'd give them Notice, and y't loo sh'd now corae to defend our Frontiers ag'st the Shawnees, who, they are sure, are the People that have done all the Mischief in our back Co'try- I heartily wish You raay bring the Creeks to a proper Understand'g and F'dship with the English. Such negotiat's as these, I think w'd be rauch more coraraendable y'n purchas'g the Lands of any Ind'n Nat'n. I have directed my L'r to Mr. Glen, or the Com'd'r-in-Chief for the Time pres't. If G'r Littleton"' is arrived, pray tender him my kind Respects. I doubt not he will raake You very happy ; he is a branch of a valuable Family. I have the Hon'r of being known to his Bro., S'r Geo., who is one of the best men in the Co'try he lives in. If You think Y's L'r is consistent with Y'r Opinion, if You see proper You may shew it to him, and I ara perswaded he will be very happy in hav'g You to consult with, a Gent'n of so rauch disinterested Principals as to Lucre is not often to be raet with in Y's part ofthe World, and I ara convinc'd Y'r Prin cipals and Good Sense are not exceeded by any, and few y't come up to them. If I have been of any Service, it was in Obe dience to H. My's Com'ds, and do assure You with great Dhi- gence have endeavour'd all in ray Power forthe Service, but the ill-Success on the Ohio has greatly dispirited rae, as it was so much unexpected. I ara perswaded I have wearied You w'th Y's long Epistle, but I c'd not abreviate it, or can I leave off with't assur' g You I shall always retain a sincere regard and due Respect for You. My little Family join me in Complira'ts to You, and I am, in great Truth, Worthy Sir, Y'r raost ob'd't, humble Serv't. ^Wm. Henry Lyttieton, brother of Sir George Lyttieton, was Gov ernor of South Carolina 1755-1760, and subsequently of Jamaica ; En voy Extraordinary and Minister to Portugal from Great Britain in 1766; made Baron Westcote July 31st, 1776, and Lord Lyttieton August 13th, 1794 ; died September 14th, 1808. 218 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO MR. ALEXANDER WRIGHT. Sept'r 27th, 1755. Sir : I rec'd Y'r L'r of the 22nd, and note its Contents. I have fully determin'd and appointed proper Persons for conduct'g Affairs under our pres't Situat'n, and hope it whl answer the Views and Orders I have given y't I cannot give any more Com's at y's Time. I am sorry for the No. of Cattle You say is drove off, and the great Qu'ty of Corn left in the Fields. I cannot help observ'g the People in Y'r Co'ty have behav'd ill by desert' g their Plantat's and running away from such small No.'s of dastardly people w'n once resisted w'd have run away like sheep. I am sorry Ct Dickeson allowed those Ind's to raake their Escape, as I apprehend they were part of the Pray'g Ind's in the Fr. Int't. I have desir'd the two Boys may be sent to the Cherokees. I am sorry for the Death of Y'r Bro., who was a sprightly Young Man. As to his Pay, I do not meddle with them things. W'n here in Feb'y I gave him Money for Pay'g Provis' s and the Pay of the Co' y in Part, and [^] 20 1 2. 6. more to purchase Provis's for his small Detachm't. If any Th'g is due You for Provis's You must apply to Ct Lewis, for I know noth'g of the raatter, or wih I Concern myself in any of the Acc'ts, as the Act of Assembly appointed a Committee for y't Purpose. I rem'n. Sir, Y'rh' bles' v't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO LIEUTENANT JNO. McNEILL. Sept'r 27th, 1755. Sir: I rec'd Y'r L'r ofthe 21st and observe its Contents, and am much surpriz'd y't there were 59 People in the F't at Greenbrier y't they did not resist the Attempts of the Ind's, who I hear were not the fourth Part of y't No. But probably the People in the Fort were not properly furnish'd with Arms; but in general in Augusta the People have behav'd \ery ill in allow'g such DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 219 scatter' d and few Ind's to rob and murder them; they appear to me y't in gen'l they have been seiz'd with a Panick by leav'g their Plantat's and Crops, w'ch they might have protected if they had joined with Resolut'n. I observed w't You write ab't nine Ind's of the Mohawk Nat'n com'g to the F't in a F'dly Manner, no doubt with some ill Intent. Y't Tribe of Ind's is divided; near one-half of them join'd the Fr. and go by the Name of Praying Ind's, to w'ch No. I suppose them nine be long'd, and it was ill manag'd of Capt. Dickeson in not secur'g of them, w'ch I sh'd have been well pleas'd with, as the Chero kees are at Peace with the Six Nat'ns. I have the most Reason to think they are of the No. of the Pray'g Ind's by their hav'g two Cherokee Boys Prisoners, and it's a sharaeful Thing they sh'd let them slip out of their Hands, as there were 21 Men to their nine. I desire the two Boys may be sent back to the Cher okees, relat'g the Story to them, and let them know it was by my Orders they were return'd. I am oblig'd for Y'r intended Pres't of the two Buffaloes, w'ch will be very acceptable; let them rem'n under good Care till a proper Time to be sent here. I am sorry You resent the Advancera't of L't Wood ward. Surely You w'd not hinder me from prefer' g People on their Merit and good Courageous Conduct, tho' not in Course of Rank. They were strongly recomended to me on their Be hav'r, and many others appointed on their engaging to raise Compa's. I have a due regard for You, and do not doubt if You had been in the Act'n You w'd have behav'd very well, and I shall on Opp'ty as soon as possible of prefer' g You. I there fore desire You will rem'n easy a short Time longer, and Con sider You might have been twenty Years at Home before You had been a Lieut. However, I shall have You particularly in my Tho'ts, and I am, S'r, Y'r h'ble serv't 220 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL DAVID STEWART AND ROBERT McCLANAHAN." Sept'r 27th, 1755. Sirs: I rec'd Y'r L'r of the 22d. When the Cherokee Ind's come in they raust live as our own People, and proper Care must be taken to oblige them. If Co. Lewis is with You and is going to Winchester, tell him to leave w't Money he has with You, as it is intended for the Rangers in Augusta Co'ty, tak'g Y'r Receipt for the Same. Capt Dickinson behav'd ih in let' g the Ind's slip out of his Hands, as I ara of Opinion they were part of the Pray'g Ind's (as they are called) in the Int't of the Fr. I therefore wish he had secur' d them till they were more particularly examin'd. The two Cherokee Boys, I desire they may be sent with a white Man to their Nat'n and relate the Story of their releasem't, and y't by my Order they are sent to them. I rera'n with Respect, Gent'n, Y'r F'd, &c. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE EARL OF HALIFAX. Oct'r ist, 1755. R't Hon.: My last to You was .the 7th Ult'o, to w'ch please be ref'd. I suppose You wih expect some particular Acc't of the Unhappy Act'n and Defeat of our Forces on the Banks of Mo nongahela. My Duty to You and the Liberty You have given me to write freely to You determin'd rae to give You the best Acc't I c'd collect frora the Officers y't have been here since y't fatal Defeat. G'l Braddock pick'd out of the Regulars and y's Provincial Troops ab't 1,300 Men, with the best of the Officers, and raarch' d with't any Accident to a Place cah'd Rock Creek, where he encamp' d the Sth of July, w'ch is ab't — mhes from the Fort. Co. Dunbar, with half the Forces, being upw'ds of '* Robert McClanahan was Sheriff of Augusta county in 1754. dinwiddie papers. 221 forty mhes behind him. If the Gen'l had tho't proper to rem'n there till the other Forces had come up, I am of Opinion our Affairs w'd have succeeded much better, but he was pleas'd to order the forces with hira to raarch, w'ch was the 9th of July. They cross' d the Monongahela twice, and got up in pretty good Order ab't 11 o'Clock. The Van of our Army continued march'g tih ab't One, w'n they were told the Eneray was near thera; the Ind's in the Woods behind Trees fired very briskly, w'n S'r P. Halket was khled, S'r Jno. St. Clair greatly wounded y't he was obhg'd to leave the Field. The Com'd of the ad- vanc' d Party devolved on Colo. Gage, a brave, gallant Officer, who endeavour'd to draw his Men up in Order. The Gen'l came up to the Front, and, with his known Courage, gave Orders to the advanc' d Party, but the fire from the woods and behind Trees was so very violent y't they killed many of our Officers and Men, y' t the advanc' d Party fell back with great Confusion y't all the Officers c'd do c'd not bring them to pro per Order. The G^n'l mortally wounded, they raade their retreat in very great Confusion, leav'g many brave Officers and Men in the field of Battle. The Gen'l did not allow our Men to go td Trees to attack the Indians in their own way, by w'ch our Forces were greatly expos'd, w'n the Enemy were protected by the Trees and long Grass. That Day the Gen'l and the Rem's of his Army got over to Monongahela River, w'n the Gen'l imediately dispatch'd Co. Washington, one of his Aids-de- Camp, to Co. Dunbar to send a Detachment to him imraedi ately, with Provis's and necessary Refreshm'ts for the Gen'l and his much distress'd Party; loth of July the Men were got into some better Order, and continued their Retreat thi Noon, w'n most of them gave up w' th Hunger and Fatigue, y' t with great Difficulty any ofthe Men c'd be prevah'd on to carry the Gen'l, and at three O'Clock they got him on horseback, w'ch gave him great Pain, and ab't Sun sett they got to Yaughyaughany^^ River, where they expected the Convoy with Provis's, &c., from Co. D r, but were greatly disappointed; they crossed y't River and got to Gist's House by Dark, and were in very great Distress for want of Sustenance and Fear of the enemy's Pur- siiit. The nth they were inform'd of sorae Waggons with ^* Sometimes rendered Yoxhio-Geni. 222 DINWIDDIE papers. Provis's were com'g from Co. D r's Camp; they were then within six miles of his Camp; they had no Tents for the Officers y't were wounded or the other Private Men y't were wounded or sick. About ii O'Clock the Waggons appear'd, to their great joy; took some Refreshm't and y'n decamped; march'd in pretty good Order and join'd Co. D r, who was encamp' d in a most dismal lone Bottom. On their arrival they were told on the first Acc't of their Defeat Co. D r resolved to set Fire to the heavy Baggage and raake the best of his way for F't CumbTd, and nothing c'd have prevented it but the GenTs Orders sent by Colo. Washington. Orders were given y't Night for the Forces to raarch next Morning to a more conve nient Place. The 12th it was found impracticable to march for want of Horses, hav'g scarcely enough to draw the Waggons with the Sick and Wounded. Halted at y's Day, w'ch was em ploy' d in destroying and burn' g all our Artillery Stores. By whose Orders y's iraprudent Affair, is not certainly known. The Gen'l was alive, but so very faint y't he was not in a Condi tion to give proper Orders. On the 13th all the Waggons y't Horses could be got for were fill' d with the Sick and Wounded, and the whole Army, except a few left with the Comissary and Provis's, march'd, and ab't 5 o'Clock in the Even' g encamp' d on an advantageous Ground. Orders were y'n given y't the Rem' d'r of the Light Horse and 200 from the Army sh'd march next Morn'g to escort the Sick and Wounded to F't CumbTd ; the Gen'l died y's Night. Notwithstand'g the above Order, Co. D r, on whom the Com'd devolved, order'd all the Troops to march next Morn'g, nor c'd the Sick and Wounded Officers, &c., procure Liberty to go on till the 15th in the Afternoon, w'n Ct Dobson, with 100 Men, was order'd with them, and they got to the F't on the 17th in the Even'g; and a few Days after Co. D r arrived at the Fort escorted by the Light Horse, and not a Man ordered out to reconnoiter till he tho' t proper to raarch to his Winter q'rs. Give rae leave, my Lord, to make a few Observat' s on the above. G'l Braddock's Designat'n of his Forces and March I am not a Judge of, but he certainly was surpriz'd and attack'd on his long March, and I fear he was too sure of Mctory — had not Scouts out before the Army to discover the Enemy in their lurking Places. On their seeing our Forces march in a Body DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 223 they spread themselves in a Crescent or half Moon, by w'ch they had the Advantage of us on every side. Our People saw none of them but from their fire; they ret'd it to the same Places, and so y't fatal Defeat happen'd with the Loss of the Gen'l, many brave Officers, and ab't 600 Men killed and wounded. When the Gen'l came to D r's Carap he was so emaciated with the Loss of Blood and Fatigue it c'd not be expected he c'd give so regular Orders as w'n in Health. But w'n the Cora'd devolv'd on Co. D r he yet had 2,000 Men fit for any action. How comendable w'd it have been in him to have entrench'd himself and built a Fort. I am convinc'd the Fr. and Ind's w'd not have disturb'd hira, as I am inform'd his Nurab's were much more y'n y't of the Enemy. Y's Fort w'd have kept the Fr. in awe on the Ohio, and they w'd not have sent their Men from thence to Niagara, as they were Masters of our whole Plan of Operat's by the GenTs Papers fah'g into their Hands. If Co. D r had built the Fort and Garrison' d it with five or 600 Men all the Winter, w't great Service w'd y't have been for any Operat's the succeeding Year; and they w'd have been properly supplied with Provis's from F't CumbTd where there was great Plenty. However, he march' d into Fort Cumb' 1' d. W' n I heard of his Arrival I offer'd to reinforce him with 500 Men if he w'd make a second attempt over the Mount's to do any Thing to retrieve the Dishon'r done to the British Arms. He an swered my L'r the ist of Aug. in the Negative, and told me he was to raarch next Day for Philad'a for Winter q'rs. He march'd with him all the Regulars, even the three Independ't Compa's order'd here to my Com'd. He carried four Six- Pounders and four Coehorns, (the last were necessary to be left in the Fort in Case of an Attack), and order'd the Light-Horse to escort him to Winchester, ab't — Mhes from F't CumbTd. In his L'r to me. Copy of w'ch I sent You, he propos'd leav'g the So. Caro. Independ't Co'y at Winchest'r, but he has carried them ah with him to Philad'a. I wrote Gen'l Shirley my Pro posal to Co[l]. D[unbar] to make another attempt over the Allegany Mount's, w'ch he approv'd of, and gave Orders to him accordingly, but unluckily left it to him if he sh' d think it impracticable, y't y'n he sh'd march to Albany. Y's last he has comply' d with His Acc't is the most Genuine I c'd col lect. On Co. D's leav'g our Frontiers so greatly expos'd, and 224 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. the Provincials desert' g dahy in great No's after the march of the Regulars, put our People of ah conditions, under great Ap prehensions of Danger; Frontier Settlers leav'g their Crops, &c. , and com'g down to the more inhabited Parts ofthe Dom'n, full of Clamours, Heats and Compl'ts, w'ch I had great Diffi culty to moderate, telhng them it was not Time to complain, but to do some Th'g for our Protect'n and Safety, and y't if Co. D'r has acted improperly, no doubt but an Enquiry will be made into his Conduct. Several Flying Parties of Fr. and Ind's came over the Mount's and committed many robberies and Murders, w'ch probably might [have], in some Measure, been prevented, if the Regulars had rem'd on our Frontiers at F't CumbTd, and Co. D'r had no Orders from Gen'l Shirley to quit y't Post. I sent up four Comp's of Rangers to our Front's, and the As sembly hav'g voted 40,000^ more to enable meto raise 1,000 Men for our Protect'n, and to be ready for any Operat's y't may be concerted frora B't'n for the next Year's Campaign. My Endeav' s with our Assembly were very troublesome and diffi cult, as the two Proprietary Gov'ts of Pensylva'a and M'yl'd contin'd refractory, quarreling with their G'rs, and, in Course, grant' g no Assist'ce to the necessary Expedit'n, and, indeed, as I understand there are many Rom'n Catholicks in Pensylva'a, it may be doubted y' t the Fr. wih send their emissaries to withdraw them from their Allegiance to the Crown of Britain by Promise of great Tracts of Land on the Ohio River. I hope the Parliam' t will take these Proprietary Gov'ts into their serious Considerat' n, and raake sorae Alterat's in their Constitut'n, to corapeh them to a due Obedience to H. M'y's Com'ds. If the Officers of our Forces were hon'd with H. M'y's Com's, it w'd raise their Spirits, as our Field Officers have no Rank w'n they join the Regulars. I have given the Com'd to Co. George Washington, one of the late GenTs Aid-de-Camps, a Man of good Conduct and Resolut'n. I sh'd be glad if H. M'y w'd Hon'r him with His Com's'n. I forgot in the preceding Detail of the unfortu nate and unexpected Defeate on the Monongahela, y't a quest' n naturally arises : Where was our Fr'dly Ind'ns ? This I must answer as follows : The Six Nat's, so many as are in the British Int't, were engag'd with Gen'l Shirley and Johnson on the Ex pedit' s to Niagara and Crown Point. The Twightwees, who I verhy think are in our interest, are on the other Side the Ohio, 1 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 225 and I believe [were] prevented from serving us by the Fr. being between them and us. Those Indians on the Ohio who, I had reason to think were in our Int' t, were overaw' d by the Fr. and their Ind's, only Monecatoocha, their Chief, and a few of their People [who] rem'd at F't CumbTd, march'd with the Gen'l and shew'd their attachm't to us by doing every Th'g in their Power for our Service. The So'ern Ind's, vizt : the Cherokees and Catawbas, I have been these i8 mo's endeavour' g to get a No. of them to join our Forces, w'ch they seriously promis'd. The Fr., who are always on the watch, knowing their Intent's, in March last sent 14 of their Ind's to perswade to lie Neuter, or declare War ag'st So. Caro., and they would assist them, or get a Meet'g with the G'r of y't Province to have sorae Pres'ts for their Interest. The last Proposal prevail'd, w'ch answer' d the Ends of the Fr. They kept them at a distance from the Scene of Action. The G'r of So. Caro. desired a Meet'g of their Chiefs, w'ch they staved of [f] till late — y't's to say, in June — w'n they met him, and the G'r then desir'd to purchase their whole Lands, w'ch he effected by a formal Surrender to H. M'y. The Fr. obtain'd their Ends by prevent'g their join'g our Forces. The Cherokees sent in to me five of their Warriors, and enclos' d You have their Speech and Excuse for not coming in and join'g our Forces, agreeable to my earnest Entreaty and their Promise. What view the G'r of So. Caro. c'd propose by y's' Purchase I know not, w'n we were engag'd in a War to protect the Lands. The undoubted right of the Crown, and the assistance of those Ind's w'd have been of more Service y'n all their Lands. We sh'd never endeav'r to purchase the Lands of any Ind'n Nat'n, but as we settle backw'd agree for such Part as may y'n be tho't necessary. Suppose we were to insist on the Agreem't, of the Gov'r's — those poor People must go further West, and the Fr. w'd receive them with open Arms and give them d'ble the Qu'ty of Land, they acknowledg'g theraselves Friends to the Grand Monarch. Our Business at y's Time is to court y'r F'dship and Int't, with Promises to protect them in all their Possessions and Hunt'g Grounds. The use the Fr. will make of y's odd Agreem't of the Gov'r of So. Caro. will be: Do You observe Y'r Bro's, the Eng., want nothing more y'n y'r Lands and Possessions; and the next Step will be to make Y'r whole Nat'n their Slaves ? I say y's is a natural Conclusion from 226 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. y't perfidious Enemy, the Fr., and truly I cannot help observ'g y't y's Contract made with the Cherokees by the G'r of So. Caro. is the only Step he c'd take to hurt our Expedit'n, and I am convinc'd, w'n seriously considered, it whl not meet with the Approbat'n of the Ministry, tho' the G'r thinks he has done great Things by add'g 40,000,000 of Acres to H. M'y's Territo's, and so many thous'd People. The get'g the F'dship of y't Nat'n was very meritorious, but leave them Y'r Lands and pur chase as we want. Y's was entirely a P[iece] of Policy of the Fr. to keep them at a Distance from our Forces and the Ohio, and y't Policy succeeded to Y'r Wish and to the Loss of our Engagem't on the Monongahela — being convinced if these People had joined us, as they promis'd, they wou'd have at tack'd the Ind's in their own Method of fight'g, and clear'd the way before our Forces ; but the G'r of So. Caro. calls them his Ind's, and is offended if any other Gov'r gives them the least Countenance — an ill-judg'd way of thinking; for as allies to Gr. Britain, every Gov'r sh'd show them Countenance and Favo's. Those five Cherokees y't came to rae have promis'd in the name of their Nat'n to come in with 150 Warriors to protect our Frontiers, and if a No. are wanted next Sum'r, I may Com'd them. I sent them away with Pres'ts, and very well pleas'd; but still no real Depend'ce can be put in y'r Promises. But w'n one G'r wants to counter act with another G'r, w'ch I fear has been too often the Case, y's must in course be a destruction to all Schemes for His M'y's Service, if otherways, they act in concert, much may be expected from their unanimity and real inchnat's for the Public Service. I dare say by y's Time I have wearied Y'r L'ds., if so. You must place it to the Indulgence and Liberty You have given me, at [the] same Time, I cannot but acknowl edge the Pleasure I have in writ'g my Tho'ts freely, and to as sure You y't I rem'n, with great deference and due Respects, R't Hon. Y'r L'd's most ob'd't humble Serv't. P. S. — Since writ'g the above L'r, we have rec'd an Acc't from N. York y't Gen'l Johnson had an Engagem't with the Fr. ; y't he had defeated them, taken y' r Gen' 1 Prisoner, killed the second in Com'd and upwards of 600 of their Forces, on w'ch I congratulate You. I have notthe Particulars, or [has] any Ex[press] come to me, y't the above is only from the N. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 227 York Prints. At Nova Scotia the Squadron had taken several Ships with Provis's, and y't they were ina very starv'g Con dit'n at Lewisburg ; y't I hope the Sword of Famine wih do as much Service as the Sword of Steel. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO SIR THOMAS ROBINSON. Oct'r ist, 1755. R'T Hon. : This Day I rec'd Y'r L'r ofthe 9th of July, with Copy of the Fr. Ambassador's Memorial by way of Complaint ag'st me for a pretended ill-usage of Sieur Druillon and two Cadets while Prisoners here, w'ch Compl't is with't any Foundat'n of Justice. W'n those People were taken Prisoners by Maj'r Washington, and bro't to y's City, Druhlon s'd he was an officer, tho' he had no Comiss' n to shew ; however, on his assertion I gave him his Enlargem' t, and allow'd hira los. ^ week, and the Cadets 7s. 6d. each ; it was tho't proper to move him and the other Pris oners to Winchester, and frora thence to Alexa'a, the Private Men in Confinement, and he and the Cadets at Private Lodg ings, and w'n Winter approach' d, he and the other Prisoners wanted Clothes ; I ordered them all proper Cloth' g. They rem'd at Alexa'a tih G'l Braddock arrived there. He s'd it was improper they sh'd rem'n there observ'g all his motions. I, on y's, applied to Comodore Keppel to take them on board His Majesty's ships. He s'd he had no Direct's ab't Prison ers, therefore c'd not receive them. I then consulted with the Gen'l, who agreed y't the Private Men sh'd be put on the Transports, two in each Ship, to be carried to Britain, w'ch was accordingly done. As Sieur Druihon s'd he was an Officer, I sent him, the two cadets and a Serv't to Hamp ton' to be sent Passingers on b' d any Ship bound for Brit'n, w' ch was accordingly done, and I p' d 20;^ for their Passage. If they were maltreated on their Passage I am sorry for it, but he is guhty of Ingratitude in saying he was not well used here. I had many Compl'ts ag'st hira, while here, of his bad behaviour and impudent speeches, but I considered him as a Prisoner and 228 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. winked at many of his Irregularities, and the Co'try compl' d y't the Allowance I gave him was too much, besides the Charge of his and the other's Cloth' g, w'ch Treatm't is much more than our People have w'n taken Prisoners, and I have a very bad ret'n for all my Civilities to hira. They were Prisoners and in my Custody long before the Capitulat'n with Mons' r Vihiers and Co. Washington, [and] the Counch were of Opinion with me y't Mr. Washington had no Power to capitulate for Prisoners not in his possess'n, and therefore gave their Opinion to retain them here. By my Orders Co. Innes, who then Comand' d the Forces of y's Dominion, sent a Flag of Truce to the Com'd't ofthe Fr. Forces on the Ohio, coraplain' g of the ill-treatment of several English Prisoners they had taken, who were sold publickly as Slaves, and y't Mr. Washington had no Power to capitulate for the Prisoners in my Possess'n; but if he w'd ret'n the two Hos tages I w'd send him Sieur Druihon and the two Cadets, w'ch he rejected, and Van Braam and Stobo are still Prisoners. This is the true state of the Affair, in w'ch I have acted with proper Caut'n and with the Advice of H. M'y's Council, and I can as sure You y't Gent's Compl'ts is with't the least Shadow of Reason, and y's Compl't may probably occasion a more strict usage of Prisoners if bro't here, and I hope y's Narrative wih fully justifie my Conduct. There is one. La Force, who was taken Prisoner at the same Time, who still continues in Prison. He is represented as a most wicked Fellow; y't he has robbed many of our back Settlers, both here and to the No'w'd, and [is] suspected of hav'g scalped many of our Fellow-Subjects. The Council entreated me to retain him Prisoner. He has fre quently endeavour' d to make his Escape. He was lately tam pering with a Deserter, now in Prison with him, to break the Prison, w'ch whl fully appear by the enclos'd Affidavits, w'ch I give You the trouble of, and desire Y'r Com'ds in regard to him. At pres't I have order'd him to close Confinement. If I have been irregular in my Conduct I shall be glad to be set right, in Case any such Affair sh'd hereafter occur, and beg leave to assure You y't I rera'n, with h'ble Respects, R't Hon'ble, Y'r faithful and ob'd't h'ble serv't DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 229 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO SIR THOMAS ROBINSON.Oct I, 1755. R'T Hon.: My last to You was the 6th of Sept'r,^^ to w'ch I pray [You] to be refer'd. I wrote to the Gov'rs of M'.yl'd and Pen sylva'a the Advantage it wou'd be to H. M'y's Service to buhd a F't the other side of the Allegany Mount's as a Barrier ag'st the Fr. and their Ind's to prevent their invading our Colonies. They answer' d [that] their Assemblies continued refractory, and had not granted any Supplies; y't w't I proposed they tho't absolutely necessary, and were sorry they c'd grant me no as sistance to so useful an undertaking. Co. Dunbar hav'g march'd the three Independ't Co's with him to Philad'a, in his L'r to me (w'ch I trouble you with a Copy [of]), he propos'd leav'g the So. Caro. Co'y at Winchester, but he afterwards ordered them to march with him. I think he determined to leave y's Dom'n as much expos'd as possible, by not allow'g any of the Regulars to reraain, and he is now in Philad'a. If the three Independ't Co's had rem'd here, I sh'd have endeavour'd, by join'g the Provincial Troops to them, to [have] ordered their march over the Mount's to build a Fort at a proper Place, and to have garrison' d it with 500 Men all the Winter, w'ch I con ceive w'd have kept the Fr. on the Ohio in awe; at [the] sarae Time it w'd have been of very great use as a Magazine for Provis's, &c. , for any Operat's y't maybe propos'd for next Year, but now, being disappointed of any Assistance, I ara oblig'd to keep the Forces raised here on the Defensive, to pro tect our Frontiers and to train them to the use of their Arms, to be ready to join any Forces y't may be tho't proper to be sent here next Spring. Our People have been so greatly uneasy on Co. D'r's leav'g us so much expos'd, y't I had Difficulty to bring them into good Temper. I tell them I do not know his Orders, but if he has done any Thing irregular, it may proba bly be inquir'd into, and with Difficulty they have voted ^40,000, w'ch qualifies me to raise 1,000 Men; but ifhe had rem'd at F't ^ This refers, it may be presumed, to the last letter forwarded, since Gov. Dinwiddie had on the same day already written the letter immediately preceding this. 230 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. CumbTd I think they w'd have rais'd any Sum in their Power for the Serv'ce ofthe Expedition. The Nat'n has been at great Exp's, [so] y't I dare not offer my Opinion, further than with't Men and Money from Brit' n these valuable Colonies wih proba bly be much expos'd to the Insults of the Fr., and I hope the Parliament will take into Considerat' n the shameful Behav'r of the Proprietary Gov'ts of M'yl'd and Pensylva'a, by alter'g their Constitution. I beheve we c'd raise a No of Men in y's Dom'n if the Officers were hon'd with H. M'y's Com's. At present they are very slow and backw'd by hav'g no Rank w'n they join the Regulars (I mean the Field Officers), w'ch I h'bly submit to You. As Ct Orrae, Aid-de-Camp to the late Gen'l, intends Horae, I desire to refer the whole Transact' s of the late unfortunate Affair on the Monongahela to his report, as he is a sensible Gent. , and [was] on the Spot and private to all the Gen eral' s Operations, no doubt wih give a most exact Acc't of every Thing. The backwardness of the Colonies and their not joining as one Body in grant' g Supplies, has been of the worst Conse quence to the Expedit'n, and with't something of an Union, or an Act of Parliam' t to oblige each Colony to grant mutual sup plies [as] little can be expected, if left to the Assemblies of each Province. No doubt it will surprize the Ministry y' t so few In dians join' d Gen' 1 Braddock. I beg leave to observe y ' t our f ' dly Ind's of the Six Nat's join'd Gen'l Shirley and Johnson in their Expedit' s against Niagara and Crown Point. The Twightwees (who, I beheve, are our Friends), live 200 Miles on the other Side of the Ohio; the Fr. being between them and us pre^'ented their com'g to our Assistance. Those on the Ohio were deter' d b^- the Fr. threats, except'g a few with their Chief warrior, Monecatoocha, who attended the Gen' 1 in the Action, and I am told behav' d well. The South' n Ind's, vizt.: the Cherokees and Catawbas, I have been soliciting their Fr'dship for 18 mo's, and they promis'd 400 of their Warriors. I have reason to think the Fr. had Acc't thereof; they sent 40 of their Ind's to the Cherokees to prevah with them to declare War ag'st So. Caro., or to lie neuter. Neither of w'ch they would comply with. They afterw'ds, hear'g of the G'r of So. Caro. wanted a meet'g with them, w'ch they encourag'd thera to meet him. The Time was prolonged till June, w'n they met him — the very time they were to have joined our forces. The G'r proposed to them the Purchase DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 231 of their Lands, w'ch they agreed to, and dehver'd Possession in their Method by a Bagg of Earth, &c., w'ch Purchase was at tended with great Exp'ce, and I think of no Service, as those very Lands were surrendered to H. M'y by their Eraperor in So. Ca. in the Year 1729. The G'r of So. Caro. vaunts of y's great Purchase, but I am well convinced, if the Expenses and Pres'ts given those People had been applied wholly for their F' dship and to encourage them to join our Forces, [it] w'd have been much more useful, for I fear the Fr. will make use of y's Purchase by tell' g the Cherokees their Bro's, the Eng., want only to purchase their Lands, and will soon make Y'r Nat'n their Slaves. I ara of Opinion these Argum'ts may be made use of by our perfidious Enemies. And, I think, y's is a very unseasonable Time to pur chase Right of the Crown. I hope You will excuse my making the above remarks, and the more as the G'r of So. Caro. promis' d his intent to prevail with them to send a No. of their Warriors, but the Fr. gain'd their ends in keep'g them at a great Dist'ce from the scene of action. Some of Co. D'r's F'ds have in serted in a Pennsylvania News Paper, a pretended Justificat'n of his Conduct ; y't his March to Phhad'a was by order of G'l B k; y't his Men were naked; wanted shoes and stock's. Y's last might have been supplied by a Waggon from Philad'a with ah Necessaries. His March from F't CumbTd to Philad'a was d'ble the distance to a proper Place the other side the Alle gany Mount's for build' g a Fort. If he had Orders from the late Gen'l to march to Phhad'a, none of theOfficers y't have been here knew any Th'g of such Orders, and surely he had not Orders to march the Independ't Comp's order'd here by H. M'y for our Protect'n. 1 beg Pardon for so long a L'r, and desire to assure You, I rera'n with dutiful Respects, R't Hon., Y'r friend and most ob'd't h'ble serv't. 3rd Oct. Since writing the above, &c., as in letter to L'd Halifax of y's date." " Continuing, by addition, of date of Oct. 3rd, it may be assumed in the language of a preceding letter to Lord Halifax, dated Oct ist. Vide, p. 220. 232 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR SHARPE. Oct'r 3rd, 1755. Sir: Inclos'd You have a L'r from S'r Thos. Robinson, w'ch carae to my Hands Yesterday. According to y'r Desire, I sent You ^ Ct Montgomerie, Mitchell's Map °* of these Colonies. I congratulate You on the Success of G'l Johnson ag'st the Fr. near Crown Point I have no Ex's with the Particulars of the Action, w'ch I greatly expect to confirm the Acc't we hear from the N. York Papers. Lieut. Gray of the So. Caro. Co'y has drawn on me for _^6o St'r. for Pay due, as he says, for being Brigade Maj'r at F't CumbTd. We had no Forces there tih this .Spring. He charges from Sept'r, 1754. Our Committee whl not allow him any Th'g, as not being on the Establishm't, yet if he did y't duty, and I dare say he did, and by ,report is ^John Mitchell, M. D., F. R. S. ; emigrated from England about 1700 and settled in Virginia, residing at Urbanna, on the Rappahannock river, Middlesex county, died in 1772, or before. Prepared, "A Map of the British and French Dominions in North America, engraved by G. Kitchen, London, February 13, 1755, atlas folio, eight sheets — which has been frequently referred to in boundary negotiations. He was the author of: i. "The Contest in America between Great Britain and France, by an Impartial Hand, 8vo; 2. The Present State of Great Britain and North America," 1767, Svo ; -3. D. Johannis Mitchell, Disser tatio brevis de Principiis Botanicorum et Zoologorum deque novo stabiliendo naturae rerum congruo, cum Appendice aliquot generum plantarum recens conditorum et in Virginia observatum Norimbergae, 4to. The first of these two tracts is dedicated to Sir Hans Sloane, and dated, "Virginia, 1738"; the second: "Nova plantarum genera" is dedicated to Peter Collinson, and dated, "Virginia 17^41 "! 4- "Essay on the Causes of the Different Colours of People in Different Cli mates." Philosophical Transactions, vol. xliii., 1744 (Abr. ix., 50); 5. " Essay on the Properties and Uses of the Different Kinds of Potash." Phil. Trans., vol. xiv., (Abr. ix , 572), 1748; 6. " Letter Concerning the Force of Electrical Cohesion." Phil. Trans., vol. i. Among the MSS. left by Dr. Mitchell was a paper on the Yellow Fever as it appeared in Virginia in 1737, 1741 and 1742, which fell into the hands of Benj. Frank lin, who communicated to Dr. Benj. Rush, who published it with other papers relating to the subject in the American Med. and Pliil. Register, vol. iv. Dr. Mitchell transmitted much valuable botanical information to Linnaeus, who perpetuated his name in the " Mitcfiella repens." DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 233 esteem'd a good Officer, in y't Case, the three Colonies sh'd allow him something, as he has been twice plunder' d by the Enemy; and I wrote him to that Effect. I want rauch to hear if the Pensylva'a Assembly have at their last meet'g voted any Supplies. Our Forces must rem'n on the Defensive till the Spring, and till we have Orders frora Brit'n. I rem'n with great Respect, Y'r Ex's most ob't h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL STEPHEN. Oct'r 3d, 1755. Sir: Y'r L'r of the iSth Sept'r I just now rec'd. I am sorry our Forces continue to desert, especially to the Enemy. I am perswaded they will soon wish themselves at F't CumbTd. The Delawars are not to be believed, tho' I doubt not there are Par ties of Ind's and Fr. y't may come into our Inhabit'ts to rob and murder. I am convinc'd the Fr. at F't De Quione are not nu merous, as I am perswaded raany of thera are gone up the Ohio and now in Act'n ag'st G'l Johnson. I always tho't they w'd find every Th'g y't was so shamefully deserted and hid. Why did not Frazer bring in the Ind's they rous'd ? and I think You sh' d take particular Care to observe those two Dutch Farailies, and if You find them trading for Flour, &c., for the French, You sh'd bring them in Prisoners to the Fort. The Deserters no doubt may inforra the Fr. of the weakness of Y'r Fort, and I wish You had sent rae the roll of Y'r Men. How can I judge at y's Distance with't a particular Acc't of Y'r Numb's? I hope You will finish w't is necessary ab't the F't, arid by De- script'n of it a few may defend it ag'st Numb's, unless the[y] bring Artihery with them, w'ch I dare say they wih not venture to do. If You want a Reinforcem't You must write Co. Wash ington, who, no doubt, whl send as many as may be tho't proper; but it's a monstrous Error y't You have not sent me a proper roh of the No's with You. I am of Opinion, if You keep a good Watch and some reconnoitering Parties, You are in no Danger, 234 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. as I am convinc'd they wih not attack You with't Cannon, and I think You may despise their Small Arms even if they come with three Times Y'r No. I recomend You to the Protect'n of God, and am, S'r, Y'r most h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO LIEUTENANT JOHN GRAY, OF SOUTH CAROLINA. Oct. 3d, 1755. Sir : Y'r L'r of the 5th Sep'r I rec'd, and Y'r Bill of Excha. for ^60 St'r. is sent me, w'ch I now return. I cannot imagine the Reason of Y'r draw'g on rae so abruptly with't any previous Notice. I did give Co. Innes some Blank Com's, one of w'ch he fill'd up for You as Brigade Maj'r, w'ch I [am] convinc'd You are in all shapes equal to, but never put on the Establishm't of Y's Dom'n, tho' I endeavour'd forit. I pay none of our Forces. There is a Pay M'r who receives the Money by my Warr't. If You had been put on the Establishm't the Pay w'd not have been half w't You expect. Our People's Argum'ts ag'st pay'g Youare y't w'n You was appointed we had no Forces at F't CumbTd, and if You have any Dem'd it sh'd be from the three contingent Gov'ts in proport'n; and as the F't is in M'yl'd, they are surpriz'd why You sh'd expect Y^s Colony to pay You. 'Tis true You had my Com'o., but there was no Pay affix' d to it, tho' I readily agree You sh' d have some certain Pay, and I think, as above, sh'd be from the several Gov'ts who are protected by the Fort Co. Innes is gone to No. Caro.. W'n he returns I wih shew him Y'r L'r. I ara sorry for Y'r repeated Losses, but I c'd not accept Y'r Bill with the least Prospect of its being p'd by y's Co'try. Inclos'd I send You a sett of Bills for ;^25 St'r., w'ch I desire Y' r acceptance of from myself, and if at any Time I can be of Service to You I shall be ready in any Th'g in Reason, and I rem'n, S'r, Y'r most h'ble serv't. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 235 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE'S CHARGE TO THE GRAND JURY. Gent'n of the Grand fury : Oct'r loth, 1755. You are here raet and sworn to the discharge of a most necessary and essential Duty, and ofthe greatest Importance y't can be placed in Man agreeable to our happy Constitution. We have reason to dread y't our manifold Crimes and Iniquities have provok'd the Almighty God to p\inish us with the im pend' g Prospect of Famine and the real Invasion of a barbarous and inhumane Enemy who delight in shed'g of Blood and the most unheard of Cruelties. Gent'n, The Laws are the Bul warks of our most happy Constitut'n, but if those Laws are not put in due and proper Execut'n they become of no Effect, but rather an Encouragem't to the dissolute, profane and abandon' d Part of our People. I am hearthy sorry to see so many Crim inals now ready for tryal. It's Y'r Duty, Gent'n, with great Care, to Examine into the Facts for w'ch they are committed, and on proper Proofs to find the different Bills and present them to the Court for their Tryal. From Y'r Known Understand'g and Knowledge, I doubt not of Y'r just discharge of the Trust repos'd in You, I therefore leave you to Your Examinat's and Enquiries. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR DOBBS. Oct'r loth, 1755. .Sir: The inclos'd L'r came to my Hands a few Days ago. Be so good [as to] forw'd those for So. Caro. and Georgia by first Opp'ty. An Ex's last Night from F't CumbTd gives Acc't of 150 Fr. and Ind's surround'g y't F't. [They] have killed and scalp'd near 100 of our People, and cut off the Comunicat'n between the F't and the Inhabit'ts. Reinforcem'ts are sent to the F' t. These Things w' d probably not have hap pen' d if the three Independ't Compa' s had rem' d there, as the mh- itary Law cannot be put in force on our People but conjoin' d with 236 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. Regulars. I wish for Col. Innes's return. I have no Acc't of Y'r Steers being dehver'd, but Y'r son's Co'y shah be p'd. I I ara much hurried, [it] being the first day of our G[enera]l Court. We all join in kind Complim'ts to you. Son and Nephew. I am Y'r Ex's most ob'd't h'ble serv't COLONEL WASHINGTON TO GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE. Winchester, Saturday, Oct'r ye nth, 1755. Hon'ble Sir: As I think it my indispensable duty to inform you particularly of my proceedings, and to give the most plain and authentic account, from time to time, of our situation, I must acquaint your Honour that imediately after giving the necessary Orders at Fredericksburg, and dispatching expresses to hurry the Recruits from Alexandria, I rid post to this place, passing by Lord Fairfax's, who was not at home, but here, where I arriv'd Yesterday ab't Noon, and found everything in the greatest hurry and confusion by the back Inhabitants flock ing in, and those of the Town removing out, which I have prevented, as far as it was in my power. I was desirous of proceeding immediately at the head of some Militia, to put a stop to the Ravages of the Enemy, believing their numbers to be few, but was told by Colo. Martin, who had attempted to raise the Mihtia for the same purpose, that it was impossible to get above 20 or 25 Men, they having absolutely refus'd to stir, choosing, as they say, to die with their Wives and Family's. Finding this expedient was likely to prove abortive, I sent of[f] expresses to hurry the Recruits from below, and the Mihtia from Fairfax, Prince William, &c., which Lord Fairfax had order'd, and also hired Spies to go out and see, to discover the Numbers of the Enemy, and to encourage the Rangers, who, we are told, are block' d up by the Indians in smah Fortresses; but, if I may offer an Opinion, I believe they are more encompass' d by fear than by the Enemy. I have also Impress' d Waggons, and sent thera to Conogoger [sic.'] for DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 237 Flour, Muisket Shots and Flints, Powder, and trifling quantity of Paper, bought at extravagant prices, for Cartridges. I ex pect, from below, six or eight Smiths are now at Work repairing the few Arms that are here, which is all that we have to depend on. A Man was hired, the 24th of last Month, to do the whole, but neglected, and was just moving off in Wag'ns to Pensylva nia. I press'd his Waggons, and corapell'd hira, by Force to assist in this Work. In all things, I raeet with the greatest opposition. No orders are obey'd, but what a party of Soldiers, or my own drawn Sword Enforces ; without this, a Single horse, for the most urgent occasion, cannot be had, to such a pitch has the inso lence of these People arriv'd By having every point hitherto submitted to them, however, I have given up none where his Majesty's Service requires the contrary, and where my proceed ings are justified by my Instructions, nor will [I do] it, unless they execute what they threaten — i. e., "to blow out my brains." I have invited the poor, distress'd People, (who were drove from their Habitations,) to lodge their Familys in some place of security, and to join our Partys in Scouring the Woods, where the Enemy lie, and believe some will chearfully assist. I also have [taken], and shall continue to take, every previous step to forward the March of the Recruits, &c., so soon as they arrive here, and your Honour may depend that nothing that [it] is in my power to do shall be wanting for the good of the Service. I wou'd again hint the tiecessity of putting the Mhitia under better Regulation, had I not mention'd it twice before, and a third time may seem impertinent; but I must once raore beg leave to declare, (for here I am more imediately concern'd,) that unless the Assembly will enact a Law to enforce the Mili tary Law in all its Parts, that I must, with great regret, decline the Honour that has been so generously intended me, and for this only reason I do it — ^The foreknowledge I have of faihng in every point that raight justly be expected from a person invested with full ' power to exert this authority. I see the growing Insolence of the Soldiers, the Indolence and Inactivity of the Officers, who are all Sensible how confin'd their punishments are, in regard to what they ought to be. In fine, I can plainly see that under our present Establishment we 238 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. shall become a Nuisance, an insupportable charge to our Coun try, and never answer any one expectation of the Assembly. And here, I must assume the Freedom to express some sur prise that we alone shou' d be so tenacious of Liberty as not to invest a power where Interest and Politicks so unanswerably demand it, and frora whence so much good must consequently ensue. Do we not see that every Nation under the Sun find their acc't therein, and without it, no Order, no regularity, can be observ' d ? Why, then, shou'd it be expected from us (who are all young and inexperienced) to govern, and keep up a proper Spirit of Discipline with't Laws, when the best and most experienc' d can scarcely do it with ? *° Then if we con sult our Interest, I am sure it is loudly cah'd for; for I can con fidently assert that money expended in Recruiting, Cloathing, Arming, Maintaining and Subsisting Soldiers who have deserted, has cost the Country an immense Sum, which might have been prevented, were we under restraints that wou'd terrific the Sol diers from such practices. One thing more on this head I wih recommend, and then quit the Subject ; that is, to have the Inhabitants liable to certain heavy Fines, or corporal Punish ments, for Entertaining of Deserters, and a Reward [should be offered] for taking them up. If this was done, it wou'd be next to an impossibility for a Soldier to Escape ; but, on the con trary, as things Jiow stand they are not only seduc'd to run away, but are also harbour' d and assisted with every necessary means to make their escape. Sunday Noon. — Last night, at S o'Clock, arriv'd an express just spent with fatigue and fear, reporting that a party of Indians were seen at the Plantation ofone Isaac Julian's, at 12 Miles off, and that the Inhabitants were flying in the most promiscuous manner from their dwellings. I immediately order'd the Town Guards to be strength' ned — Perkin' s Lieut' t to be in readiness with his Corapany — sorae Recruits (who had only arriv'd ab't half an hour before) to be Arm'd — and sent two Men acquainted with the woods to go up that road, lay wait, to see if they cou'd discover the Numbers and Motion of the Indians, that we raight have timely notice of their approach. This Morning, be fore we cou'd parade the Men to March upon the last Alarm, ^' An omission in the original. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 239 arriv'd a Second Express ten times more terrified than the former, with information that the Indians had got within four miles of the Town, and were khling and destroying ah before them, for that he — himself — had heard constant Firing and the Shrieks of the unhappy Murder'd. Upon this, I immediately collected what Forces I cou'd which consisted only of 22 Men recruited for the Rangers, and 19 of ye Mhitia, and March'd therewith directly to the place where these horrid Murder[s] were said to be committed. When we got there, who shou'd we find occasioning all this disturbance but 3 drunken soldiers of the Light Horse, carousing, firing their Pistols, and uttering the most unheard of Imprecations. These we took and march'd Prisoners to Town, where we raet the Men I sent out last Night, and learnt that the Party of Indians discovered by Isaac Julian prov'd to be a Mulattoo and negro seen hunting of Cattle by his Son, who alarm'd the Father, and the Father the neighborhood. These Circumstances are related only to show what a panick prevails araong the People, how much they are alarm'd at the most usual and custoraary Crys, and yet how impossible it is to get them to act in, any respect for their comraon safetys, and Instance of this, then appear'd — Colo. Fairfax, who arriv'd in Town while we were upon the Scout, immediately sent to a Noble Captain (not far off) to repair with his Company forthwith to Winchester ; with coolness and moderation this great Capt'n answer' d that his Wife, Famhy and Corn was at Stake, so were those of his Soldiers, therefore it was not possible for him to come ; such is the Example of the Officers ! Such the behaviour of ye Men ! and such the unhappy circumstances on which this Country depends ! Monday Morning. — The Men I hired to bring Intelligence from ye Branch, return'd last Night with Letters from Capt. Ashby and the other Partys up there, by which we learn that the Indians are gone off. Scouts having been dispers'd upon those Waters for several days with' t discovering tracts or other signs of the Eneray. I ara also inform'd that it is believ'd their Numbers amounted to 150; that 70,- or near it, of our People are khl'd and missing, and that several houses and Plantations are destroy'd, but not so great havock made as was at first represented. The Rangers and a small party of Militia order'd up there by Lord Fairfax, I am given to understand, intend 240 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. to march down on Wednesday next, who will be immediately followed by all the Inhabitants of those parts that had gather'd under their protection. I have, therefore, sent Preemptory Orders to ye Contrary, but what obedience will be paid to it — a little time will reveal. I have order' d those Men who were recruited for ye Rangers, to join their Respective Companys, and there is also a party of 20 Militia march'd with them under ye Command of Capt'n Hardin. Capt'n Waggener is this Instant arriv'd with 30 Rec'ts, which he March'd from Alexandria in less than three days, a great March indeed ! Maj'r Lewis and his Rec'ts from Fredericksburg. is expected To-morrow, when with these, an[d] 22 Men of Capt'n Bell's now here, I shall proceed by quick Marches to Fort Cum berland in order to strengthen the Garrison there. Besides these, I think it absolutely necessary that there shou'd be two or 3 Companys, exclusive of Rangers, to guard the Potomack Waters till tuch times as our Regiment is compleated, and indeed the Rangers and Volunteer Companys in Augusta, with some of their Mhitia, shou'd be properly dispos'd of on those Frontiers for fear ofan Attack upon that Quarter. This tho't is submitted to your honour's Judgement, and waits your Orders for execu tion, if it shou'd be thought expedient. Capt'n Waggener inform'd me that it was with difficulty he pass'd the Ridge, for ye Crouds of People who were flying as if every moment was Death ; he endeavour'd, but in vain, to stop them, they firmly behev'g that Winchester was taken, and in Flames. I have sent expresses down the several Roads in hopes of bringing back the Inhabitants who are really frighted out of their Senses. I dis patch'd an express immediately upon my arrival to this place with a Copy of ye Inclos'd, to And'w Montour, who I heard was at a place cahed long Island, with 300 Indians; to see if I cou'd engage him and them to join us. The Letter favours a little Of flattery, &c., but this I hope is justifiable on such occasions. I also wrote to Gist, acquaint'g him of the fa\our Your Honour intended him, and desir'd he wou'd repair home in order to raise his Company of Scouts. I shall defer writing to the Speaker and Committee upon any other head than that of Commissary, still hoping to be down by ye time I mention'd in my last (pro\'ided no new disturbance happens), having some points to settie that I am uneasy and DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 241 urgent ab't. I have been obhg'd to do dutys quite foreign from my own, but that I shall never hesitate ab't, when others do, and the good of the service requires the contrary. In a journey from Fort Cumberla'd*" to Fort Dinwiddie," which I made purposely to see the Situation of our Frontiers, how the Rangers were Posted, and how Troops might be dispos' d of for the de fence of the Country, I purchas'd 650 fine Beeves, to be de hver'd at Fort Cumberland by the First day of Nov'r next, at los. per hund'd except a few that I was oblig'd to give Eleven Shil'g for, and have my own Bonds now out for performance of Covenants — this being the Commissary's business, who, I am sorry to say, has hitherto been of no use, but disservice to me, in neglecting my Orders, and leaving this place with't Flour, and Fredericksburg with't any Provisions for ye Rec'ts, tho' there was timely notice given. I must beg that if Mr. Dick will not act, that some Person may be appointed that will, for if things remain in this uncertain Situation, the Season will pass with't hav'g any Provision made for ye Winter or Suraraer's Campaign. Whoever acts as Com'y should be sent up imme diately ab't Salting the Provisions, &c. It will be difficult, I believe, to provide a quantity of Pork. I enquir' d as I rode thro' Hampshire, Augusta, &.c., and cou'd not hear of much for Sale. Most of ye new appointed Officers have been extreamly de ficient in their Dutys by not repairing to their Rendezvouses according to appointraent. Capt'n McKenzie, Lieut. King, and Ensigns Milner and Dean, who were ordered to send their Re cruits to Alexandria by ye first of Oct'r, were not arriv'd when Capt' n Waggener left that place, nor have we heard any thing of Cap'n Harrison,"^ whose Recruits shou'd have been at Fred- ^'Fort Cumberland, named in honor ofthe Duke of Cumberland, Captain-General of the British Army, (sometimes called Fort Mt. Pleasant), stood on the Bank of Wills's Creek, near its junction with the Potomac, on the site of the present city of Cumberland, in Alle ghany county, Md. In ancient days the site ofthe fortification had been a Shawanese village, with the Indian name of Cucucvetuc. — Scfiarf's History of Maryland, i. p. 457. " Fort Dinwiddie was located on Jackson's river. ^"^ This Was Carter Henry, second son of Benjamin and Anne (daughter of Robert, " King " Carter) Harrison, (the second of the name in Vir- 16 242 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. ericksburg by the same time; and Capt'n Bell only sent his here on Saturday last. If these Practices are allow'd off, we may .as well quit altogether, for no duty can ever be carried on if there is not ye greatest punctuality observ'd, one thing always depend ing so immediately upon another. I have appointed Cap'n George Mercer (whose seniority enti tled him to it) my Aid-de-Camp, and Mr. Kirkpatrick, of Alex andria, my Secretary, a Young Man bred to business, of good character, well recommended, and a Person whose Abihtys cou'd not be doubted. I hope your Honour will be kind enough to dispatch Colo. Stephen with orders to repair here immediately, and excuse the Prolixity of this. I was willing to give a cir cumstantial ace' t of our Situation, &c. , that you may be better enabled to Judge what Orders are necessary to give. I ara, Hon'ble Sir, Y'r raost Ob't Serv't, G°. Washington. Winchester, Oct'r 14th, 1755. Maj'r Lewis is just arrived, and on Thursday I shall begin my March to Fort Cumberland, allowing the Rec'ts i day to refresh themselves. ginia) of " Berkeley," James river; brother of Benjamin, "the Signer," and uncle of President Harrison. He soon resigned his commission (probably because of ill-health) in favor of his brother, supposed by Captain C. Shirley Harrison, of " Brandon," to have been Charles, Col onel of Artillery in the Revolution, and commissioned Brigadier-Gen eral United States Army, December 24, 1794; found murdered in his bed soon after, and his body disappeared while being conducted to " Berkeley " for burial. It was never recovered, and its fate as well as the identity of his murderer remains shrouded in mystery. He married in 1763, Mary, daughter of Colonel Augustine and Mary (Herbert) Clai borne, who was fourth in descent from Colonel William Claiborne, " the Rebel." His descendants include the respected names of Peterson, Butts and Davidson. Captain Carter Henry Harrison married Mary, daughter of Thomas and Jane (Cary) Randolph of " Dungenness," arid settled at " Clifton," in Cumberland county. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 243 COLONEL WASHINGTON TO ANDREW MONTOUR.*" Dear Montour : I wrote, some Time ago, a Letter of Invitation from Fort Cumberland, desiring yourself, your Family, and Friendly Indians, to come and reside among Us, but that Letter not coming to Hand, I am induced to send a second Express, with the Same Invitation, being pleased that I have it in my Power to do something for You on a better Footing than ever it has been done. I was greatly enrap tur' d when I heard you were at the Head of 300 Indians on a March towards Venango, being satisfied that your hearty attachment to our glorious Cause, your Courage, of which I have had very great Proofs, and your Presence among the Indians, wou'd animate their just Indigna tion to do something Noble, something worthy themselves, and honourable to You. I hope you will use your Interest (as I know you have much) in bringing our Brothers once more to our Service, assure them, as you truly may, that nothing which I can do shall be wanting to make them happy ; assure them, also, , that as I have the chief Comand, I am invested with Power to treat them as Brethren and Allies, which, I am sorry to say, they have not been of late. Recomraend me kindly to our good Friend, Monocatootha, and others ; tell them how happy it wou'd make Conotocaurious to have an opportunity of taking them by the hand at Fort Cumberland, and how glad he wou' d be to treat them as Brothers of our great King beyond the waters. Flattering myself that you will come, I doubt not but you'l bring as many of them with you as possible, as that whl afford Me what alone I want ; that is, an opportunity of doing something equal to your Wishes. I am. Dear Montour, Your real Friend and Assur'd H'ble Serv't, G°. Washington. N. B. — I doubt not but you have heard of the Ravages com mitted on our Frontiers by the French Indians, and I suppose ™This letter is in the autograph of Kirkpatrick, the Secretary of Washington, but is signed by the latter. 244 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. [by the] French theraselves. I ara now on ray March ag'st them, and hope to give them Cause of repenting their Rashness. [Labelled: "Oct'r nth, 1755, Colo. Washington to Colo. Montour."] GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GENERAL SHIRLEY. Oct'r iSth, 1755. Sir: Y'r L'r ofthe 9th Sept'r did not corae to ray Hands tih the 14th of y's Mo. I observe the Reasons You had for counter mand' g Co. D'r's orders, (Copy thereof [being] sent me), w'ch undoubtedly you thought proper. By Y'r L'r You seem to apprehend y't the So. Caro. Independ't Co. was left here agree able to Co. D'r's L'r to me, (Copy thereof [is] sent You), but to my Surprize, contrary to y't Resolut'n of his, he order'd them to march-with him to Phhadelphia, and left no regular Forces in y's Dom'n; and You are sensible, by the Articles of War, the Provincial Troops are not subject to railitary Law and Discipline but w'n joined with the regulars. I must, therefore, observe it was ill-judg'd to march them all from y's. The Pro vincials have shamefully deserted, and the French and their Ind's on the Ohio hear'g ofthe March ofthe regulars for Phila delphia, have, within y's mo , come over the mount's, and by flying Parties robbed our frontier Settlem'ts, murdered and carried of [f] above 100 of our People and burnt all their Houses, &c., and by Desertion, F't CumbTd has not above 130 Effective Men. I have order'd 200 of our new Levies to reinforce y't F't; have six Comp's of Rangers on the Frontiers, and have ordered a No. of our Mhitia to march after these Banditti, but they spread theraselves and lurk in the Woods till they have an Opp't'y of surpriz'g unguarded Settlers. I am compleat'g our Forces to 1,000 Men, and I incorporate them into a Regiment, to be Com' d'd by Co. Geo. Washington, to rem'n on the Defensive till I have Orders from Home. I am sorry for the Desert' n and Sickness of Y'r Troops, w'ch has reduc'd Y'r No's so very low y't I fear they are not sufficient for the projected Scheme DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 245 under Y'r Com'd and Direction; however. You seera inclin'd soon with those Men, Y'r Naval Forces and the Assistance of the Ind's to make an Attempt, w'ch I most sincerely wish and pray it may be attended with Success; if not now, it will un doubtedly prove of great Service for the next Campaign, and if a F't had been buht on the other side of the Ahegany, [it] w'd have answer' d the same Purposes to the So' w'd. I observe Y'r proposal for the Convention of Com'rs from the several Col onies as far to the So' w'd as y's ; to raeet at N. York the 15th of Nov'r next in order to consult Measures for the Gen'l Service. I greatly approve of it, and I have suramon'd our Asserably to meet the 27th of y's Mo., w'ch is as soon as I possibly c'd ex pect them, as the Dom'n is very extensive [and it] requir'd Time to give proper Notice, and I shall do every Th'g in my Power to perswade them to the Usefulness of such a Congress. But I much dread their [not] contribut'g towards levey Money for compleat'g the two British Regiments. I cannot in strong enough Colours represent to You the Dissatisfact'n, Discontent and Clamours of all ranks of People here on. Colo. Dunbar's leav'g us so much expos'd, and carry'g every regular with him. I endeavour'd to pacific them all in my Power, and hope on meet'g of the Assembly they will come in good Temper to con sider w't is proper for our Safety and the Service of [the] next Campaign, w'ch I shall do every Th'g I can to promote. I doubt not You will think it proper if the Operat's of next Year sh'd be determin'd on the Lakes, &c., y't a No. of Forces will be proper and necessary from F't CumbTd to the Ohio on y's Side, and I am endeavour' g to get a Number of our So'ern Ind's to join us, and I have some Hopes of suceed' g. I have not any proper Acc't of Gen'l Johnson's Engagem't and Defeat of the Fr. I want to have the Particulars and Confirmat'n thereof On the meet'g of our Assembly I shall give You proper Notice w't may be expected, but I c'd wish the Time for meet'g was a little later in Nov'r. I most sincerely and cordially wish You Health and y't an agreeable Success may attend Y'r un wearied Endeavours for the Service of our King and these his Dom'ns. With great regard and due Esteem, I rem'n Y'r Ex's most o'b't h'ble serv't. 246 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL STEWART. Oct'r I Sth, 1755. Sir: I am told the Beeves You have purchased for the Forces are but indifferent and have already been much drove. You know the salt'g them where You live will not answ'r; they sh'd be drove, kill' d and salted at proper Places for Supply of the Rangers and the other Forces now employ' d for defence of the Frontiers, and I expect You wih follow y't Method in supply' g of thera. I shall give no Direct's ab't the Cherokees tih I hear of their Arrival, and y' n matters must be manag' d with frugality. I can say no more at pres't. I rem'n, S'r, Y'r h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO CAPTAIN WM. PRESTON. Oct'r I Sth, 1755. Sir : I rec'd Y'r L'r of the 9th By the recomendat'n of Co. Lewis I appointed Messrs. Stewart and McClanahan to provide Provis's, and have now wrote them to Supply You, and I hope with w' t is good. I am glad You have been on Y' r Duty a ranging the Woods, but some Time ago I had a L'r from Capt. Overton, who says You and Capt. Smith were to meet him at a certain Place, but neither of You appear'd, and did believe You had no Men. Indeed, You are deficient in not send'g me an attested Copy Muster Roh of each of Y'r Compa's; after y't it's Time to desire some Money. I think You have received some frora Co. Lewis w'ch You take no Notice of I do not care to encourage those People y't so shamefully left their Plan tat's by a Panick on the Appearance of a few Ind's. If they had with resolut'n met in a Body they might have defeated their vihainous Designs. I shah send You some Money w'n You in form me of the No. of Y'r Men and w'n enlisted. I have sent You some Lead; as to Powder, I have very little in the Maga zine, but I expect a Qu'ty very soon. As to Arms, You can DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 247 have none at pres't, and Y'r People sh'd comply with the Act of Assembly on y' t Head. I have no Blankets but those sent to the Forces at F't Curab'l'd, where the Enemy has appear'd in many different Parties and murder'd many of our People. I wish You Health and Success in disappoint' g the evh Designs of the Enemy, and am, S'r, Y'r F'd, &c. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL WASHINGTON. Oct'r iSth, 1755. Sir: Y'rs of the Sth, ^ Co. Stephens, I rec'd, and am heartily sorry for the Acc't he brings, but am in hopes from the Assist ance of the Mhitia and the Recruits, You whl be able to drive those Banditti from our Frontiers. I wish You may get a Troop of Horse from Fairfax Co'ty, as they will be of great Service in Clear'g the Woods and I shall be glad if they can send down a No. of their Scalps. One hundred Tents are mak'g, and shall, as soon as finish'd, be sent up to You. I refer You to Messrs. Prentis & Withers, who send You up many Necessaries by a Sloop. As I was told the Regulars c'd not be supplied at Phila'a and tho't needless to send there, but have sent to N. York for some Camp Kettles, &c. There comes by the Sloop all the Small Arms fit for use in the Magazine, Ten b'ls Powder and some Lead. I expect by Xtmas i,ooo or i , 500 Small Arms from London. I hope these now sent, and w't You may have at Winchester and F't Cumberl'd wih be sufficient tih y't Time. I am very sensible the Militia Law is very deficient and several other Points proper to be adjusted. I have therefore call'd the Assembly to meet next Monday Week, w' n I expect they wih pass a proper Law in regard to our Forces, and I hope You will be here by y't Time, and I expect to have Y'r Men under the Military Law. I have spoke to the Treasurer and I doubt not Co. Stephens brings You some Money and w'n You come here y't You will have sufficient for a Military Chest to pay for neces saries as wanted. I think there are 500 Beeves from No. Caro. 248 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. near Winchester; give Direct's ab't them. I am sorry Y'r Officers do not punctuahy obey Y'r Orders. Capt. Harrison (now here) says he has been laid up with the Fever and Ague for some Time. I have noth'g further to add at pres't, but y't I rem'n, with kind Respects, S'r, Y'r raost h'ble serv't. [P. S.] The fohow'g Young Gent, propose joining the Forces as Volunteers. Y'r F'ds desired rae to recomend them to You for Y'r Countenance and F'dship agreeable to their Behav'r, Vizt: Mr. Beely, Mr. Wm. Jones, Mr. Summer. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO LORD FAIRFAX. Oct'r iSth, 1755. My Lord : Y'rs of the ist, 5th and 7th of y's Mo. I have rec'd. I am very sorry y't y'r L'dship is among a sett of People y't do not shew the Regard due to Y'r Character or Their own Safety in y's Tirae of Distress. I ara perswaded Y'r L'ds. has done all in Y'r Power for the Service, and am [sorry] Y'r Endeavours have met with so bad returns. The officers of the Virg'a Regim't ought to join with You in procur'g Rangers, but I presume they are fond of compleat'g their Comp's. The 18 young Men You Draughted out of the Militia and put in Prison, which they broke, sh'd be prosecuted, and if You had sent their Names I w'd have given them to the Atto. -G'l to be prosecuted, for Ex araple to Others, and they ought to be fined, if afterw'ds, on Applicat'n, some of the fines were remitted. I am sincerely sorry for the bad Acc'ts we have from F't CumbTd and the Co'try round it, but I hope Colo. Washington, with the Assist ance of the Militia and the new rais'd Levies, will be able to drive these Banditti over the Mount's and restore Peace to the Co' try for some Time till we are in a Posture to attack them reg ularly, w'ch I do not think can be done till the next Spring. In clos'd is a L'r to Colo. Geo. Fairfax with 200 £ to pay to such of the Militia as he may think proper. I did not care to trouble DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 249 You with it. If more is wanted, I shall send it up. I wish You Health and More Quiet and Comfort y'n You have lately had, and am with due respect Y'r L'd's most ob'd't h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL GEO. FAIRFAX. Oct'r iSth, 1755. Sir : Y'r last L'r to me is mislaid y't I cannot answer it in a partic ular Manner, but I remember You propos'd an Inclinat'n to go out with Colo. Washington, w'ch if You had mention'd sooner it w'd have been mighty agreeable to me, but as the Assembly is to meet the 27th I hope of seeing You here w'n [we] shall talk y't Affair over. Colo. Martin hav'g wrote me y't Money was want'g to pay some of the Militia y't went for F't CumbTd, I therefore enclose You 200 l£~\ for y't Use. Consult Co. Martin who are the Persons y't deserve Pay, and if more is wanted I shall send it or give it [to] You w'n You come here. The Money You had before is to be entirely applied for the Rangers, and if You have supplied them with any Cloaths please stop out of their Pay 50s. for each Suit. I hope Colo. Washington, with the As sist'ce ofthe Mihtia, with the new rais' d Levies, will be able to drive the Fr. and Ind's from our Frontiers, tho' it has given me much Concern to hear of the raany People they have murder'd and carried off, and [I] am in hopes next Spring we shall be able to bring them to a proper Acc't for all of their Vhlanies. Y'r Lady was very well a few Days ago and is gone to Hampton. I rem'n, with great Respect, S'r Y'r most h'ble serv't. P. S. — As to the Pay of the Mihtia, You must consult and do it in the most frugal Manner. 250 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COL. THOMAS BRYAN MARTIN. Oct'r i8th, 1755. Sir : I rec'd Y'rs of the ist of y's Mo. Ara very sorry for the disagreeable News from F't CumbTd, but I hope Co. Washing ton, by the Assistance of the Mihtia and the new Levies, has been able to clear the Woods of those barbarous Wretches. I am sorry My Lord's and Y'r Orders are so much neglected and despised. You really should make Examples of some of the ringleaders, agreeable to the Act of Assembly. I have sent to Co. Geo. Fairfax 20o[_,f ] to pay such of the Militia [as] You and he may think proper, and if more Money is wanted I shall send it up. As to Y'r resign' g Y'r Com'o. at y's Time, will no doubt be of a pernicious Conseq'ce and bad Exaraple to others, where fore I desire You w'd think of it now. I am very sensible of the Fatigue, Trouble and Uneasiness You must have, but I am in hopes w'n we have rais' dour Forces, y't next Spring we shall be able to speak to these Banditti in a more suitable Manner. I must therefore desire You to continue doing w't You possibly can, for I foresee if You were to resign at y's Time it would be attended with very great Confusion, and many Misfortunes w'd naturally attend it. I rem'n, with great Esteem, S'r, Y'r very h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO SIR CHAS HARDY," GOVERNOR OF NEW YORK. Oct'r iSth, 1755. Sir: Y'r Kind L'r of the 5th Ult'o did not reach me till the 14th of y's Mo. I take this Opp'ty to congratulate You on Y'r arrival at Y'r Gov't, and sincerely wish you Health and every "* Sir Chas. Hardy (grandson of Sir Thos. Hardy, the distinguished naval commander in the reign of Queen Anne, and eldest son of Vice Admiral Si'r Chas. Hardy, Kn't, one of the Lords of the Admiralty in dinwiddie PAPERS. 251 Th'g agreeable dur'g Y'r Administrat'n. Our last Assembly voted ^40,000 for the Service of H. M'y towards conduct'g y's just and necessary Expedit'n w'ch qualifies me to raise a Regim't of 1,000 Men. The Officers are now recruit' g and w'n collect' d in a Body, must rem'n on the defensive, to protect our Frontiers and back Settlem'ts tih I receive Orders from Home. Co. D'r tho't proper to march ah the Regulars from y's Dom'n, even three Independ't Comp's y't were order'd here by H. M'y's direct Orders to be under my cora'd. The Consequence of y's Step of his was y't the Provincial Troops deserted in great Nos. and by the Articles of War, the Mihtary Law is not in Force on the Provincial Troops but w'n join'd with the Regulars. If he had left the So. Caro. Co'y, w'ch he wrote me he w'd, the Desert' n w'd have been less and the Mhitary Law w'd have been in Force. W'n the Eneray understood ah the Regulars were march'd for Phhad'a, many flying Parties of Fr. and Ind's came over the Mount's and have committed many barbarous Rob beries [and] murder'd and carried off above loo of our .People. I have had out on our Frontiers six comp's of Rangers to pro tect our People, but the Fr. and their Ind's keep hirk'g in the Woods watch' g an Opp'ty for perpetrating their Villanies on the poor unwary People, so y' t now most of our back Settlers have left their Plantat' ns and Crops and come down to the more inhabited part of the Co'try. The Desert' n of the Forces has been so gen'l y't we have not above 130 Effective Men at F't CumbTd. I have order'd 200 of the new Levies up to reinforce 1743) was appointed Captain in 1741, and put in command of the Rye, 40 guns, and in January, 1755, having been previously knighted, was ap pointed Governor-in-Chief of New York, which office he filled until July, 1757, when he was appointed Rear Admiral of the Blue, with the command of the Royal William, 84 guns, in the expedition against Loui.sbourg. In June 1758, he became Rear Admiral of the White ; and as such commanded under Sir Edward Haiske, in the Union, of 90 guns, in the memorable victory of Belleisle, November 20. During the win ter of 1760, he was second in command of the Channel Squadron, and in 1764 was elected to represent the city of Rochester in Parliament; made Admiral of the Blue, October 28. 1770 ; elected for Portsmouth in 177 1 ; next became Admiral of the White, and in 1779 was appointed to the command of the grand Western Squadron. May 17, 1780, he again hoisted his flag on the Victory, at Spithead, but died of an inflammation of the bowels on the next day, aged about 67 years. 252 dinwiddie papers. them, and am in hopes they will be able to drive the Enemy over the Mount's, but every Week brings fresh Alarms of rob beries and Murders done in the back Co'try. I have cah'd our Assembly to meet next Monday Week to propose to them to pass an Act for the better Managem' t of our Forces and some other Affairs recomended by G'l Shirley. I have not yet had a proper distinct Acc't of G'l Johnson's Engagem't, or any News lately frora Adra'l Boscawen. I shah be oblig'd if you can inform me of any Th'g thereof It will give me a sensible Pleasure to keep up a proper Correspondence with You as I think H. M'y's Service demands it, and if I can be of any ser vice to You here, it will be a Pleasure to execute Y'r Com'ds, I beg to assure You y't I rem'n, with very great Respect, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO LORD FAIRFAX. Oct'r 20th, 1755. My Lord : I rec'd Y'r favo. ofthe 19th, and I observe the Mhitia of Fairfax, Culpeper and Prince W'm, to the No. of 256 Men, were at Winchester. As the Expence wih be very great, I de sire You whl please send an Express to Colo. Washington to know if the service absolutely requires those Men to rem'n longer out; y't if in his Judgera' t they are no longer necessary y't he wih order their return home to their different Counties. I ara greatly surpriz'd at the Behav'r of several of Y'r Officers in neglect'g and disobey'g Cora'ds; they sh'd be try'd by a Court Martial, and no Pay to those y't ret'n contrary to Orders. I hope You whl enjoy Peace tih the Forces are rais' d, w'ch I doubt not will be sufficient to guard and Protect our Frontiers. I rem'n, with great Regard and Esteem, Y'r L'd's most ob'd't h'ble servant. dinwiddie papers. 253 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL WASHINGTON. Oct'r 26th, 1755. Sir : Y'r L'r of the 17th I received. The Contents duly consid ered, but refer answer' g till I see You, w'ch I hope will be soon. Our Assembly sitts To-morrow, w'n I hope they will do some necessary Things for the Service. If you find the Militia are not absolutely wanted and necessary I hope You will order them back to their Counties, as they will be very Expensive. The Commissaries cannot pass their Acc'ts. I therefore think You sh' d appoint one to oversee the Kih'g and Cur' g of the Beef, &c., and as I understand y't Mr. McClain, y't's at the Fort, sh'd be engag'd in the Service as a very useful Man, You must settle his Pay, and w'n You come down we will endeav'r to get the Ar rears due to him for former Services. The enclosed for Mr. McMames please deliver, and give him leave of absence to go to No. Caro., as they propose rais'g three Corapanies. The Cora'd ofone of thera the Gov'r proposes y't Gent'n. I am much hur ried; must therefore refer saying any further till Meet'g. I am, S'r, Y'r h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE'S ADDRESS TO THE HOUSE OF BUR GESSES. Oct'r 27th 1755. Genilernen of the Council, Mr. Speaker and Gent'n of the Ho. of Burgesses : I sh'd gladly have spar'd You the Trouble of meeting at y's Season after so many Fatigues in Y'r Country's Service and so short a Recess, but the Urgency of our Affairs made a Session unavoidable. The great Terror of our back Inhabitants, arising partly from the horrid Barbarit's of our brutal Enemies and partly from the Misbehav'r of many among our own People, has almost made the frontier Settlem'ts desolate, and will probably Extend the Evil very fast unless timely prevented by Y'r Inter- 254 dinwiddie papers. position. Gent'n of the Ho. of Burgesses, Last Assembly You were pleas'd to vote 40,000 £ for the Protect'n of our Co'try and conduct'g the necessary Expedit'n; in Consequence thereof I have granted Commissions and order'd the raising of 1,000 Men to be incorporated into a Regim't under the Com'd of Colo. Geo. Washington. You then Enacted two Acts, one a Militia Law, the Other ag'st Invasions, &c., but these Laws are very deficient for conduct'g the Forces in the Pay of the Co'try in a proper Manner. I therefore recommend to You to put the Forces now rais'd under the Military Law as the Troops in His M'y's imediate Pay are subject'd to. With't y's the Money You have voted and the Inten'n propos'd in rais'g these Forces wih prove abortive unless the Com'd'g Officer be Enabled to keep them under strict Discipline and in a proper submission to their Officers. I therefore Entreate You will form such a Law as will answer the Design of raising the Forces. I think it necessary to acqu' t You y' t repeated Comp' ts have been made me of the great Obstruct's given to the Service by many of the Magistrates and other civil Officers, some of whom have even given Protect'n to those who have shamefully deserted with their Arms and Cloath'g — and others with an unparrahel' d and most criminal Undutifulness to their Country have discouraged and prevented the Enlist' g Men, tho' to protect themselves. I therefore reco mend to you to make an Act y't may Effectually [debar] such unworthy and corrupt Members of the Society from doing fur ther Injury to the Public Welfare, and may Encourage the detect'g and taking up of Deserters. Without such a Law I con cieve the Money voted and by my Endeavours in rais'g Men will prove ineffectual. Gentlemen, I also observe the Reward given by the Act for prevent'g and repelling the hostile Incursions of Ind's at Enmity with the Inhabit'ts of y's Colony and giv'g an Encouragem't of lO;^ for the Scalps of Ind'n Enemies, is confin'd to our own Peo ple. I am of Opinion if y's Act were enlarged and extended by giving our F'dly Ind's some proper Encouragem't to scalp our Enemies, it w' d be of great Service, for if You please to observe our Enemies, the Fr., give an Encouragem't to their Ind's for scalp'g our Fellow Subjects. I therefore desire You will take y's into Y'r mature Considerat' n. Gent'n, I am also to acqu't You y't I have rec'd a Let'r from DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 255 Gen'l Shirley, dated the 9th day of Sept'r last, in w'ch he pro poses a Meet'g of Com'rs from all the Colonies as far to the So' w'd as y's Colony, to raeet at N. York next Month, to con sult on the raost proper Measures to be taken for the Gen'l Int't of the Comon Cause next Spring. As I conceive y's may be attended with essential good Service, I therefore most heartily recommend the same to You, and y't You may the better know y't Gent's View in appoint'g the, above Congress, I shall cause his L'r to me to be laid before You. These Com'rs, if ap pointed, may be restrain'd by proper Instruct's form'd and given them by a Comittee of the two Houses. Gent, of the Council, Mr. Speaker and Gent'n of the Ho. of Burgesses — As there are but few matters recomended to Y'r Considera tion, I hope You will dispatch them with Expedit'n, so as to make a short Session. REPLY OF THE COUNCIL TO GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE. The Humble Address of the Council : Oct'r 29th, 1755. Sir : We, H. M'y's most dutiful and loyal Subjects, tbe Council of Virg'a, now met in General Assembly, return Y'r Hon'r our sincere and hearty Thanks for Y'r affectionate Speech at the Open'g of y's Session. As we are truly sensible ofthe defence less Situat'n of our Frontiers and the great Danger the back Inhabit'ts are expos'd to from the Shocking Barbarities of a cruel and inhuman Enemy, we will exert our utmost Endeavours to prevent the spread 'g of an Evil y't w'd tend to depopulate our Country. To y's End we will, with all the Ardour and Dis patch y't the Iraportance of the Subject requires, join with the Ho. of Burgesses in such Measures as shall be tho't most condusive to quiet the Minds and secure the Persons and Pro perties of those unhappy Sufferers. Our natural Attachm't to the Welfare and Prosperity of our Co'try wih make us disregard every Trouble we meet with in her Service. And we should be 256 dinwiddie papers. guhty of the highest Ingratitude if we did not acknowledge Y'r Hon's unwearied Diligence and Attent'n to the same Cause during the whole Course of Y'r Administrat'n, w'ch has been a continued Scene of Hurry and Fatigue. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE'S REJOINDER TO THE COUNCIL. Gent'n of the Council : It is with great Pleasure I receive Y'r kind and af fectio. Address, for w'ch I return my most cordial and sincere Thanks. I have no Doubt but in Time we shall vanquish and overcorae the Designs of our most inhuman Enemies, w'n I consider with w't Resolut'n and Spirit You incline to join with the Ho. of Burgesses in so necessary and just Affairs reco mended to them. The Fatigue and Care I have hitherto taken for the Service of H. M'y and y's Co'try is most agreeable to me w'n I have Y'r Approbat'n of w't is done and Y'r kind Promises of Assist'ce in w't hereafter may be proper for these salutary Ends. REPLY OF THE HOUSE OF BURGESSES. The h'ble Address of the Ho. of Burgesses : Oct'r 30th, 1755. Sir: We, H. M'y's most dutiful and loyal Subjects, the Bur gesses of Virg'a, now met in Gen'l Assembly, return Y'r Hon'r our sincere Thanks for Y'r Speech at the Open'g of y's Session. As we are again cah'd upon to provide for the Security and Reservat'n of our Co'try ag'st the barbarous Depredat's of the Fr. , permit us. Sir, to renew our Assurances y' t we wih con tinue to exert ourselves in the Cause of Religiori and Liberty with the same Vigor and Resolut'n y't have always influenc'd our Conduct, and will pursue the most Effectual Measures for repelling from our Frontiers an Enemy whose Ambition noth- DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 257 ing can satisfy, and who have always despis'd the Obligat's of the most sacred Treaties. Give us Leave further to assure Y'r Hon'r y't we wih proceed in our Consultat's with all possible Dispatch. REJOINDER OF GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE HOUSE OF BURGESSES. Mr. Speaker and Gent, of the Ho. of Burgesses : I heartily thank You for Y'r Address. What I recomended to You was most seriously considered, and, I ara convinced, absolutely necessary for the Conduct'g our Forces and the Pres ervat'n and Defence of our Co'try from the cruel Insults of our barbarous Enemys. I am perswaded, if You think as I do, You will with chearfulness and Dispatch provide proper Laws for the Defence of our religious and civil Rights. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GENERAL SHIRLEY. Oct'r 31st, 1755. Sir : My last to You was the iSth of y's Mo., to w'ch please be refer'd. Our Assembly met the 27th, w'n, in my speech, I recommended in the strongest Terms their send'g two Com'rs to N. York to assist in consult' g [on] the Plan of Operat's for the next Year, but they absolutely refus' d it, as you may observe by the enclos' d Resolve of the Ho. If it was not so late in the Year I sh'd gladly attend You myself at the Convention, tho' now I cannot properly leave my Gov't, our Forces not [being] yet compleated, and the Officers weekly want'g Orders, and in daily Expectat's of Direct's from Home, and, as I suppose there wih be a pretty full meet'g, I shall be glad to have an Acc't of Y'r Deliberat's. I rec'd a L'r two Days ago from Adm'l Bos cawen, dated nth Sept'r, with 500 bbls. Gun Powder and 400 Small Arras, w'ch were much wanted here, hav'g very little of 258 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. either in our Magazine. He writes me y' t he intends Home, but y't he will leave a proper Force to defend Nova Scotia &c., but does not ment'n w't is done with the Neutrals at Nova Scotia. Our People continue greatly incens'd with Co. Dun bar's Conduct, and with Difficulty I shall be able to prevail with them to raise any more Money for the Expedit'n. I am now pressing them to make a Military Law similar to y't of G. B. for conduct'g our Forces, but what success I may have therein is yet uncertain. G'l Braddock press'd and engag'd a great many Waggons and Horses belong'g to the poor People in our back Settlem'ts. Many of the Horses [were] khled and taken by the Enemy, their Waggons destroyed, and [they] as yet not p'd. They have applied to me to write You on y's Subject. If the Gen'l had liv'd they w'd have been p'd. It now lies with You to grant Y'r Warrant to the Pay Master to issue Money for Paym't to these poor People. From w't I can collect, it wih amo. to [;^]io,ooo [in] y's Money. The Paym't of these poor People I think is absolutely necessary, in Case we sh'd want Waggons, Horses, &c., hereafter. If You see proper of grant' g Y'r Warr't, the Agent, Mr. Hunter, has Money sufficient here to pay thera if directed under Y'r Warrant to the Dep'y Pay Master. I therefore recommend it to you and hope You will agree with me of the Justice and Necessity of pay'g them. I shall be glad to hear ofthe Disposition of the Forces, under G'l Johnson's Com'd for y's Winter, being affraid it was too late for him to make any Attempt ag'st Crown Point. I most sincerely wish You Health and Happiness, and am, with great Regard and Esteera. Y'r Ex's most ob'd't, h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DimX'IDDIE TO GOVERNOR MORRIS. Oct'r 31st, 1755. Sir : Y'r favo. of the Sth, ^ Doct'r Hhl, I rec'd yesterday ; am heartily sorry for the unmannerly treatment of Y'r Ho. of As sembly to You, and y't it stih subsists very much to the prejudice dinwiddie PAPERS. 259 ofthe necessary and just Expedit'n, to the Prejudice of H. M'y and the Protect'n and Welfare of these Colonies. The Retreat of Co. D'r, his marching ah the Regulars from our Frontiers even the three Independ't Comp's sent by H. M'y's direct Or ders to my Com'd, has diffused so much discont't and Uneasi ness among all ranks of People here y' t I have great Difficulty to keep them in moderate Temper. The Consequence of his Re treat occasion'd a Gen'l Desert' n among the Provincial Troops ; the Enemy thereon have invaded our Frontiers, murdered and taken off about 80 of our frontier Settlers, burn'g and destroy'g their Houses, &c. The Surprize and fear of our People was not more on the first Acc'ts of the Defeat of G'l Braddock y'n at y's step of Co. D'r's, and in Duty I have been oblig'd to repre sent it to the Ministry. Colo. Dunbar's long stay with You pre vented the Service I conceive G'l Shirley propos'd, or had in View, by order' g him direct to Albany, where he must now rem'n in Winter Q'rs. I congratulate You on the Success of G'l Johnson, w'ch undoubtedly is of essential Service. If the Enemy had succeeded, w't was to hinder them cut'g off G'l Shir ley, tak'g Albany and proceed' g wherever they tho't proper? We sh'd, therefore, be thankful for y't brave Officer's success. I want much to hear w't G'l Johnson has further done ; if he march'd to Crown Point or entrench'd himself for y's Winter, to be ready for Act'n in the Spring. As to Gen'l Shirley, I pre sume he has laid aside any Tho'ts of Act'n till the Spring? I rec'd a L'r from him propos' g a meeting of Com'rs from each Gov't, at N. York next Month. I immediately cah'd the Assem bly and pressed them strongly to appoint two from their House, but they imraediately made a Resolve ag'st it, saying they had rais'd all the Money they c'd to maintain and pay the Forces in the Service of y's Dora'n. As You go there in Person, I think a full Representat'n ofthe Backwardness of the two Proprietary Gov'ts sh'd be laid before the Ministry. I have repeatedly raen tion'd the Misfortunes attend'g the Expedit'n, on their bad con duct. I wish Ct Orrae a good Passage Home, and I doubt not he will represent Things in their proper Colours. I wait with Impatience to hear from Home with Orders w't is to be done next Year. I wish You Health and Happiness, and am most Sincerely, Sir, Y'r most ob'd't, h'ble Serv't. 260 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL THOMAS GAGE.^* Sir :Y'r L'r of the 14th of Oct'r I rec'd last Week. The De serters You mention I tho't most proper to send in H. M'y's Ship Garland, Ct Arbuthnott Com'dr, for N. York. He has my direct' ns to deliver thera to the Mayor of y't City, to be kept in Prison tih they rec'd Colo. Dunbar's or Y'r Orders ab't them. I hope they are with You before y's. The Charge of the De serter belong'g to Y'r Regim't, for Prison Fees and maintainance, is £2,. 12. 6., and the three belong'g to Colo. Dunbar amo'ts to ;^io. 18., w'ch I am to pay the Goalers, and I promis'd Ct Arbuthnott to pay his Pursers for their Provisions on their Pas sage from y's to N. York, which I know not w't it wih amo. to. If Co. Hunter is at N. York, the Money raay be p'd to him, or to Ohver DeLancey, Esq'r, and [I] shall be oblig'd if You will speak to Co. Dunbar, or shew him y's L'r. I sincerely wish You Health and Success in all Y'r Operat's ag'st the Enemy, and I am, with very great Respect, Sir, Y'r most ob'd't h'ble serv't. *^Thomas Gage, second son of the first Viscount Gage, was born about 1720 ; entered the army in youth ; Lieutentant-Colonel Forty fourth Foot 2d March, 1750 ; led the advance at Braddock's defeat and was wounded ; married 8th December, 1758, Margaret, (died at London 9th February, 1824, aged 90) daughter of Peter Kemble, President ofthe New Jersey Council ; in the expedition under Amherst, against Ticon deroga; made Major-General May ist, 1761, and Governor of Montreal; succeeded Amherst in command ofthe British forces in America, 1763 ; Lieutenant-General, 1770 ; succeeded Hutchinson as Governor of Mas sachusetts Bay April, 1774 ; occupied Boston with four regiments soon after its port had been closed by the British Ministry; issued a procla mation against the Solemn League and Covenant, June 24th, and for bade the holding of town meetings; 19th April, 1775, sent a detachment to destroy the cannon and ammunition at Concord, which caused the battle of Lexington and the opening of the Revolutionary war ; June 1 2th proclaimed martial law, oflfering pardon to all except Samuel Adams and John Hancock ; June 17th the battle of Bunker's Hill was fought, and the royal army was shut up in Boston by the American mihtia. October loth, 1775, Gage resigned, returned to England, be came a General and Colonel Second Foot; died 2d April, 17S7. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 261 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GENERAL SHIRLEY. Nov'r 4th, 1755. Sir: Inclos'd You have Copy of my L'r sent ^ the Post of the 31st Uito., to w'ch pray be refer'd. Last Night Colo. Washing ton came here from F't CumbTd, w'ch obliges me to write You on the .fohow'g Subject: One, Ct John Dagworthy,"' who Com'ds a Co'y from M'yl'd of 36 Men, and was formerly an officer on the late Expedition to Canada, with a Capt's Como. from H. M'y, but is not now on the Half- Pay List. However he produces his Como. by w'ch he sets up a Right to Com'd over the Field Officers in the Pay of y's Dom'n, w'ch creates a great Uneasiness among our Officers and Troops. He is a very good Officer, but w't he insists on, in my Opinion, is not only unrea sonable, but also unjust, having not the least Portent' n from the Regulat' ns from Home. However, the Dispute is like to pre vent our Forces doing their Duty in protect' g our Frontiers and annoying the Enemy. I therefore entreate Y'r Ex'y to grant a Private Como. of Colo, to Geo. Washington, Esq'r, and of L't- Colo. to Mr. Adam Stephens, and one for Major to Mr. Andrew Lewis, in order to make our Affairs go on in a Regular Manner- If You grant these Com's, it's not intended y't the Crown is to be loaded with any Pay to them. They will be properly paid by this Country, and [is] only intended to settle their Rank, w' ch, I observe, often is a preat Hindrance to Expeditions, and I am in Hopes w'n You consider it, as our Country is left open with't any regular Troops, y't those rais'd here are to be supported in the most eligible Manner ; add thereto y't our Men do not care, or will they serve but under their own Officers. I therefore hope You will think it necessary, and for the Good of the Service to grant these Como.'s, for w'ch I send y's Express, and beg the Favo. You will please give him all possible Dispatch. We have now ab't 500 Men at F't CumbTd and the Co'try contiguous thereto, where we propose building two more Forts this Winter, °*Sargent, in his History of Braddock's Expedition, note p. 328, gives the name as Ely Dagworthy, and states that in the fall of 1756 Dagworthy was appointed a Lieutenant in the Forty-fourth regiment, his commis sion dating from 15th July, 1755. In 1765 he had risen no higher. 262 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. and to keep our Men in readiness for next Year. Our Assembly [is] still sitting. I think I shah get a Military Bhl [passed] much the same as y't in the regular Troops. We are very barren of news frora Britain. Most People here think y' t War must be declar'd, and y't a King's Ship wih be sent Express to teh the Colonies, but as these are only Surmises, we must have Patience tih we hear from Home. I hope y's wih meet You at N. York, and in perfect Health after Your great Fatigues. Pray Dispatch the Express with all convenient Speed, and I rem'n, with great Regard and Respect, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't, h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GENERAL SHIRLEY. Nov'r I2th, 1755. Sir : My last to You was the 4th Curr't, to w'ch please be refer'd, and I hope You will be so kind as to comply with the Request therein. Yesterday I rec'd Y'rs from Oswego of the 4th of last Mo., with the two Minutes of the Council of War, for w'ch I thank You. I have seriously read them, and from the Reasons therein and the just Observations on the Information You have receiv'd, I think the Counch advis'd You very properly in build ing Barracks for the Men, fortify' g the Hills y't Com'd Oswego F't, and postponing any Attempt ag'st Niagara, &c., till next spring, w'n I hope and seriously wish You raay be so supported and strengthened with Reinforcem'ts to execute the Operat's You so wisely propose. We are sadly harrass' d, ever since the Regulars left our Frontiers, with fly'g Parties of Fr. and their Ind's, in robb'g and murder'g many of our Inhabit's on the Frontiers of y's Dom'n, and [they] now have the Insolence to march to Susquehanna, in the Province of Pennsylva' a. The particulars thereof will be represented to You by Mr. Morris. I have now four Co'ys of Rangers in Augusta Co'ty; four hund'd Recruits, new Levies, [and] two Compa's of Rangers near to F't CumbTd, and I am receiv'g the Acc't of their being in Pen sylva'a. I have order'd 400 of the Militia to join the Forces DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 263 near to F't CumbTd to defend our Frontiers from their barbar ous Insults. A Ship is arriv'd from Londo. with some Ordnance Stores, and one Mr. Stephens to be Storekeeper to the Stores with Orders to land here four brass Cannon, 12-pounders, with all their Appurtenances and some Powder, and he is order' d to reside at N. York. I have given direct' s to secure the Powder, &c., here till you give Orders about it. The Ship proceeds to Providence with a large Supply of Stores, on Mr. Tinker's Ap plicat'n. I have desir'd the Capt. to remain at Hampton till the Garland arrives from N. York, as I am of Opinion she sh'd not proceed to Providence with't a Convoy. The Gov't of So. Caro. voted 6,ooo[;^] St'r. for the Expedit'n; 4,ooo[^] thereof was formerly sent to Gen'l Braddock, and lately the 2,ooo[_;^] was remitted me to be dispos' d of for the Service, with the Ap probat' n ofthe Gen'l or Com'd'r in-Chief of the Forces. Gen'l B k order'd the Purchase of Beeves to be sent after hira, w'ch are now at Winchester and F't CumbTd, to be p'd out of y't Money; then there will remain in my Hands near [;^] 1,000 [in] y's Money. There is due to several Persons at F't CumbTd Monies for Services done, w'ch y's Co'try refuses to pay. I therefore desire Y'r Approbation to pay them from the Balla. in my Hands, w'ch I desire Y'r Opinion [on] as soon as possible. Our Assembly have passed a Military Bill pretty near in effect with y't in Force for His M'y's Forces, but they began to raise dissentions and very untimely Divisions at y's Period, w'ch oblig'd me, for H. M'y's Service, to dissolve them, and Writs are issued for the Election of New Members, which I hope will answer my Expectat's. I much want to know the Disposit'n of G'l Johnson's Forces for y's Winter, and w't Prospect there is of taking Crown Point. I am now send'g Com'rs to the So'ern Ind's to confirm their Friendship to us and to engage them to send us 500 of their Warriors in the Spring. To give weight to y's Negotiat'n two of the Council have promis'd to go. The result I shall duly inform You of The enclos'd carae under cover from So. Carolina. I am sorry to observe the indefatiga ble Pains the Fr. take to withdraw the F'dship of the Ind's from Us, and I fear the Creeks are on the Brink of desert' g our Int't, if not prevented w'n Mr. Littleton arrives at his Gov't. They are numerous and have been in F' dship with us for many Years, and I think they may eashy be reclaim' d from the Fr. by some 264 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. Presents and proper Regulat' s of their Trade. I think You will be weary at the Length of y's L'r, but [I] c'd not well protract it, and canot leave off with't assuring Yoai y' t, with great Re gard and Respect, I rem'n Y'r Ex's most ob'd't and very h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR MORRIS. Nov'r I2th, 1755. Sir: Y'r two L's of the 29th Ult'o, and the 2d Curr't came both to Hand Yesterday, the last by Express. I am heartily sorry for the bad News You give me of the Enemy's Advancera't to Susquehanna, of their cruel Murders, &c. , of their intention to build a Fort on y't River, w'ch News I rec'd sorae Days before I had Y'r L'r, by one from Mr. Harris"' to Co. Washington. I hope y't News will raise the Spirits of Y'r Assembly to strengthen Y'r Hands for the Defense of Y'r Co'try, invaded by an in human and merciless Enemy. I immediately on receipt of Y'r L'r called the Council. They were deeply affected with the dismal News and join me in Concern y't we are not in a Condit'n to supply You with Arms. Our Magazine was quite exhausted by the Arms supplied N. York and the Jersies, and if I had not procur'd a Supply from Adm'l Boscawen, we sh'd not have been able to arm the Recruits now rais'g. If You want 100 lbs. of Powder, I can Supply You on Y'r engag' g to replace the same Qu'ty here in six Mo's Time. Mr. Harris wrote the In tent'n of these Banditti to attack y's Dom'n. We have rais'd ab't 400 Recruits and I have order'd 400 of our Militia to join them near to F't CumbTd to protect our Front's on y't Side and four Compa's of Rangers in the County of Augusta where *' John Harris, a Yorkshireman, who is said to have assisted in open ing the streets of Philadelphia on its foundation in 1726 ; settled at the mouth of the Paxton Creek, Pa., traded largely with the neighboring Indians, cleared a farm, and kept a ferry and died about 1762. John Harris, Jr., his son, born on the Paxton in 1726, inherited from his father 700 acres of land, on a part of which Harrisburg was laid out in 1785. dinwiddie papers. 265 they have come with fly'g Parties and murder'd many of our People, burnt Y'r Houses and carried off many Prisoners. From y's true Detail of our Situat'n, You raay easily perceive how unable I am to give any Assistance, and I doubt not You wih join with me y't ah these Calamities are greatly owing to Co. Dunbar's precipitant March from our Frontiers, not leav'g one Regular to protect Us. I doubt not Y'r Asserably, if not infatuated with a lethargick Supineness, wih now, in y's Time of so erainent Danger, give You such Supplies as y' s extraordinary Emergency Requires, and, if possible, to form a proper Militia for the Protect'n of the Colony, with proper Laws for conduct'g them. Our Asserably have form'd a mhitary Law sirailar to y't of H. M'y's Regulars, but they began to be factious and enter' g into Cabals very inconsist' t with their Duty at y's Period of Tirae, w'n surrounded with Enemies, I therefore tho't it necessary for H. M'y's Service and the good of y's Dom'n to dissolve them and have issued Writs for the elect' n of a new ' Ho. of Burgesses, w'ch I hope will answer my Expectat's. I beg You will give me Notice of any further Attempts, of the Enemy, and the Operat's You may propose for defeat'g y'r De signs, and I am really concern' d y' t it' s not in my Power to give You any Assist'ce at y's Period of Time. It gives me rauch . Uneasiness and Surprize to see an Handful of Men come into the Brittish Dom'ns and commit the most horrid Cruelties, w'n I consider the No. of our People, if they c'd be bro't to a strict Union among themselves for the Protect'n of the whole, but I fear y's will never be done with't the Intervent'n of a Brittish Parliam' t, w'ch I sincerely wish may be soon affected. I am with very great Regard and Respect, Sir, Y'r most ob'd't h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR DOBBS. Nov'r 13th, 1755. Sir: I rec'd Y'rs of the 28th Oct'r Yesterday, and am heartily sorry for Y'r Indisposit'n and shah be under Concern thi I hear of Y'r Recovery, which I pray God may be soon. The News 266 DINWIDDIE papers. from the No'w'd is y't G'l Shirley had laid aside any Tho'ts of further Act'n ag'st the Enemy y's Winter. I have not heard from G'l Johnson. A Ship from Londo. [arrived] last Week with Ordnance Stores, a few for y's Place, but the chief for Providence. He brings no News hav'g had a long Passage. Our Assembly met the 29th Ult'o, and I obtained a Mihtary Bih pretty similar to y't for the Brit. Forces. They wanted to set up a Loan Office and to emitt 200,000;^ Paper Money. I did not like the Plan. The Council rejected it and it appear' g to me they neglected their Duty, not half the Members appear' g, and they fahing into factious and ih tim'd Disputes. I tho't it for His M'y's Service and the Peace of this Colony to dissolve them and take the Chance of a new Elect'n, w'ch I hope will be better than the last. Y'r L'rs for the B'd of Trade shall go with mine by a Guinea Ship y' t sails in two days. The Ship's or Master's Name, I do not know, but [yours] shall have the same Chance with mine. The Fr. and their Ind's are gone to Pennsylva' a Gov't, and intend to buhd a F't on the Susque hanna, w'ch I hope wih raise the Spirts of y't Colony to a pro per Resentm't and grant proper Supplies for the Expedit'n, w'ch if not conducted next Spring with a proper Spirit, I dread the Consequence. I have now near 1,000 Men in our back Co'try to protect our Frontiers, but entirely on the Defensive tih I hear from Brittain. I want Receipts and an Acc't of the Beeves sent by Your Order, y't agreeable to Promise, I may pay Colo. Hun ter. I shall be uneasy till I hear from You and of Y' r Health. We all here join in kind Wishes for the Recovery and Confir mation of Y'r Health. With kind Respects to Y'r Son and Nephew. I am with great Esteera, Y'r Ex's raost ob'd't h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO SIR THOM.A.S ROBINSON. Nov'r 15th, 1755. R't Hon.: Inclos'd You have Copies of my two last L'rs of the 1st Oct'r. Since y't, I rec'd Y'r favo. of 19th of June, and shall give due Obedience thereto. I never presum'd to draw DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 267 Bhls for any Sums on Acc't of the Expedit'n, but for the ^10,000 for w'ch I have Orders to draw on Mr. J. Hanbury, and y't with the Money sent me, shall be duly accounted for to You, and as soon as I get in the respective Acc'ts I shall transmit You an Acc't of the whole. Since my last, and ever since the Regu lars left our Frontiers, we have been very much harrass'd with flying Parties of the Fr. and Ind's, robb'g and murder'g our back Inhabit'ts, and by a L'r I rec'd y's Week by Express from the G'r of Pensylva'a, there are 1,500 Fr. and Ind's got into y't Province to the river Susquehanna, comitt'g the most horrid Cruelties in murder'g our People, and [they] propose build' g a Fort on y't River and threaten to come into y's Dora'n. To prevent y'r wicked Designs and to protect the Co'try, I have four Compa's of Rangers, ab't 200 Men, [and] 400 new Levies sent to F't CumbTd, which will make the No. in y't Fort 531, and I have order'd a Draught from our Mhitia of 400 to march to join them. They can only be on the Defensive. And I am h'bly of Opinion y't two Regim'ts from Brit'n to y's Place, and two more to N. York, will be absolutely necessary for conduct'g y's Expedit'n with Spirit; and with the Bless' g and protect'n of God, I am in hopes they w'd, with the Provincial Troops, be sufficient to destroy the wicked Designs of the Fr., restore Peace, and estabhsh H. M'y's just Rights to His Dom'ns on y's Cont't. As the Fr. Attacks are divided on our Settlem' s to the No'w'd and So' w'd, is the Reason of ray propos' g two Reg im'ts to N. York and two to y's Dom'n, and good Gen' Is and Field Officers are much to be desir'd. I must further remark, y't the Provincial Troops will be much better under their own Officers' Com'd, and as before, if they are hon'd with H. M'y's Com'o's, they will act with much more Gallantry and Resolut'n w'n they have rank w'n join'd with the Regulars, w'ch I must h'bly submit I observe y't neither the Regulars or Provincials are accustom'd to fight'g in the Method y't the Ind's do, and with't some of the Ind's to join our Forces we may have the like Mis fortune as at Monongahela. I am, therefore, determin'd to send Com'rs to the So'ern Ind's, the Cherokees and Catawbas, with a proper Present, to engage them to send in the Spring 500 of y'r Warriors, and lo give proper weight to these Com's, and draw due Respect from the Ind's. I propose to prevail with one or two of the Council here to go, and as I think y's Step essen tially necessary, I shall direct the Com'rs, after deliv'g the Pres't, 268 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. to give thera further Assurances of our Sincere F'dship, Pro tect'n, and any further Encouragera't they raay reasonably de sire. Y's Affair I have rauch at Heart, and have been some tirae solich'g, and if it had not [have] been [for] some Affairs intervening to the So' w'd, I was in hopes of succeed' g last year. G'l B k was so prepossessed of Success y't he desired meto purchase a large qu'ty of Beeves to be drove to the Ohio. There is now near 1,200 at F't CumbTd and Winchester, many of them I am engaged to pay [for], and have given direct's for salt'g some, and to keep others at Pasture till the Spring. We shall not be able to do any thing considerable here with't Regu lars from Brit'n and proper Gen'l Officers. I must, therefore, keep our Forces on the Defensive thi I receive H. M'y's Com'ds, w' ch I shah earnestly expect in the Spring, and [they] shah be duly Obey'd. The above Observat' s and Remarks I trouble You with, as I shah always think it my indispensable Duty to lay before You every Th'g y't I conceive may be for H. M'y's Service and the Protect'n of His Dom's on y's Cont't. I assure You I rem'n with Deference and due Respect, R't Hon., Y'r most ob'd't faithful h'ble serv't. P. S. — Nov'r 17th. Sir : Since writ'g the above I have, last Night, an Express from Hampton, to acquaint me of the arrival of two Sloops, and four more dahy expected, with Neutrals from N. Scotia"* It is very disagreeable to the People to have im ported, to rest among us, a No. of French People, w'n raany of y't Nat'n join'd with Ind's are now murder'g and scalp'g our frontier Settlers. I shall call and consult the Council w't is to be done with them. I raust further inform You y't Adm'l Bos cawen, on my L'r to him, has sent 500 bis. Powder and 400 Small Arms — a very seasonable and agreeable Supply, as our Magazine was quite empty, and in great want for the new Levies. I always am, H'ble S'r, Y'r most ob'd't h'ble serv't Memo. — Following L'r of y's date f^ the Duke of CumbTd, Capt. Knowles. "* The Acadian French, nearly 2,000 in number, refusing to take the oath of allegiance to Great Britain, as a safeguard, were removed from the country and distributed among the British Colonies. This rigorous treatment to which they were subjected has been severely criticised. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 269 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE LORDS OF TRADE."^ Nov'r 15th, 1755. Right Hon. : My last to Y'r L'ds. was the 6th of Sept'r. Since y't I rec'd Y'rs of the iSth of Apr., and agreeable to Y'r Com'ds I imediately sent to the Sec'ry's Office to acqu't them I was ready to Sign all Patents for Land y't were prior to the 22d of Apr., 1752, with't any Fee. The week fohow'g I sign'd 450. As I think the Lands taken up and possess' d by the Sub jects heretofore were in a very loose and irregular Manner, with't being properly bro't on the Rent Roll for pay'g H. M'y's Quit Rents, I am, therefore, prepar' g a proper Forra of Direct's for survey' g, taking out Patents and carry'g thera iraediately to the Auditor's Office, to be put on the Rent Roll. Copy thereof, w'n finish'd, I shall transmit to You for Approbat'n. This comes by the way of Bristol, but [I] am not furnish'd with the Acts of Assembly pass'd in the two last Sessions, or with list of Shipp'g, but they shall be duly transmitted by the first Ship for Londo. Our Asserably raet the 29th of last Mo., but did very httle Business, not above one-half of them giving their Attendance. They endeavour'd to pass an Act for issuing 20o,ooo[;^] Paper Money, to be curr't for 8 Years, with't proper Security, and, indeed, I think it contrary to my Instruct's. W't I formerly gave my Assent to, vizt. : ;£20,ooo and ^40,000, was by the Ad vice ofthe Council, and on the pres't Emergency of our Affairs; the first Sura to be paid next June, the ;^40,ooo in 4 Years; but y's last Atterapt of coin' g _,/^2oo,ooo, I think w'd have been very pernicious to the Credit and Happiness of the Country. The Ho. of Burgesses began again to be troublesom[e] and factious, really, I think, without the least Shadow of Reason; [I] there fore tho't it for the Service of H. M'y and the good of y's Dom'n to dissolve them and take my Chance of new Members, who, I hope, will meet when cah'd on in a Body with more good Temper and Inchnat'n for the public Good y'n I found the last. Ever since the Regulars left our Front's and march'd for the No'w'd, we have been Weekly alarm'd with the most inhuman ""At this period: Hon. R. Herbert, Mardn Bladen, Andrew Stone, James Oswald, Lord Edgcumbe, John Pitt, and T. Pelham. 270 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. Murders, Robberies and Barbarities ofthe Fr., and y'r Ind's on our Frontier Settlem'ts to the Westw'd. I have done ah in my power to Protect the frontier Settlem'ts of y's Dora'n by send'g Rangers, new Levies, and a No. of our Militia, in all upwards of I, ooo Men. This Week I have an Express from the Gov'r of Pensylva'a, inform'g nie y't 1,500 of these Banditti are come into y's Province, y't they are on the River Susquehanna, where they propose buhd'g a Fort to stop the Communicat'n from those Parts to the Ohio. I hope y's will awaken the People of y' t Province from their lethargic Supineness, and [that they wih] at least with Spirit, assist the Expedition with proper Sup phes for the Preservat'n of these Colonies and the private Estates of every Individual. The Forces I have rais'd must remain on the defensive till I receive H. M'y's Com'ds, and with't Regu lars from Brit'n and sorae good Gen'l and Field Officers I dread the Consequ'ce. I am perswaded neither the Regulars or Pro vincials are acquainted with the Ind'n Method of fight'g. I therefore am send'g Com'rs to the So'ern Ind's to endeavour to get 500 of their Warriors to join our Forces next Spring. I here enclose Y'r Lordships the Acc't of H. M'y's Quit Rents, and y't ofthe 2s. f> H'h'd Duty on Tob'o, end'g the 25th Oct'r last I gave ray Warr't for ^2,000 on the Rec'r Gen'l of the 2s. '^ H'h'd last June, underwrit by hira to be p'd by Mr. J. H[an- bur]y. Finding he did not comply therewith I sent for the Rec'r Gen'l, who seera'd surpriz'd at its not being p'd, but assures me it will now be duly paid. I have an Express from Hampton acquaint'g rae y't two Sloops are arriv'd there, and four more expected from Nova Scotia with upwards of 1,000 Fr. Neutrals, w'ch gives much Uneasiness to the People here, as memb'rs of y't Nat'n, with Y'r Ind's, are daily robbing and scalp'g our back Inhabit'ts, &c. ; y't these People y't are come from Nova Scotia have refus'd to swear Allegiance to H. M'y, [so] we can have but a very poor Prospect of their being either good Subjects or useful People. I have sent for the Council to advise with them w't is to be done with them. I remain, with great deffer ence and Respect, R't Hon., Y'r most ob'd't, h'ble serv't DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 271 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE LORDS OF THE TREAURY.'" Nov'r 15th, [1755.J Right Hon. : Inclos'd I transmit You the Rec'r- GenTs Acc't of His M'y's Quit Rents for the Year 1754, Baha'ce due thereon, ^4,909. 6.10.; as also of the 2s. "§> H'h'd, Balla. due thereon, ^1,953. 16. I am sorry the Warr't I drew on the Rec'r Gen'l for 2000 £, in part of the Balla. due the 25th of Apr. last, did not meet with due hon'r. I sent for the Rec'r Gen'l and told him Mr. Hanbury refus'd Paym't thereof He seera'd surpriz'd, and s'd he had no doubt but he w'd have p'd it, and assur'd me y't he w'd by y's Ship to Bristol, rerait him Money on y't Acc't and gave me Assurances y't it w'd now be punctually coraply'd with. On pass'g y's last }4 Year's Acc't of y's Revenue and ob serv'g the Balla. tobe;^i,953, 16, I produc' d ray Warr't to hira, agreeable to H. M'y's Com'ds to pay i,ooO;^ to the R't Hon. Wm. Pitt, Esq'r., Pay M'r Gen'l; on w'ch the Council applied to me to suspend and withdraw my said Warr't. For Reasons included in the written Minute of Council, and being very sensi ble y't the Facts were true, I have ventur'd to susp'd the Warr't tih I hear from Y'r Lordships, and I hope I shall stand excus'd in not punctually obey' g His M'y's Com'ds, for the Reasons therein given, and ray own private Opinion, y't it w'd be much ag'st H. M'y's Service to leave y't small Revenue with't Money to answer the pres't Exigencies of Gov't at y's Critical Juncture; however, y'r Lordship's future Com'ds on y's Point shall be duly obey'd. The Fr. and their Ind's have done great Mischief in our back Country ever since the March ofthe Regulars for Phhad'a. I have order'd 1,000 Men to pro tect our Frontiers, but they must rem'n on the Defensive till I receive H. M'y's Com'ds. The Enemy are now in Pensylva'a Gov't, perpetrat'g their cruel and barbarous Designs. The Gov'r writes me there are 1,500 on the River Susquehanna, where they have murder'd many of the People. I hope y's will awaken the People of y's Colony from their lethargic Supine- ™At this period : Lords Darlington and Dupplin, and Robert Nugent. 272 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. ness, and with a proper Spirit grant Supplies for conduct'g y's necessary Expedit'n, but I much dread the Colonies whl never be able to withstand the Enemy with't a proper Union among the different Colonies and the interposition of a British Parlia ment to oblige them to a mutual Supply. I am much asham'd of their Conduct, particularly the proprietary Gov'ts, who re main as indolent as if no Danger was near thera, tho' [there are] daily Acc'ts of their Fellow Subjects being robbed and murder'd. I am h'bly of Opinion, with't raore Forces from Home, with good Gen'l and Field Officers, y't we shall not be able in our pres't Situat'n to prevent y'r Encroachm'ts, but y's I must sub mit to those in Power. I shall always be ready, to the utmost of my ability, to do every thing I can agreeable to Com' ds from Britt' n. Last Night I had an Express from Hampton, of the Arrival of two Sloops and four more dahy expected, with Fr. Neutrals frora N. Scotia. Y's is a very disagreeable Irapor tation to the People here, w'n they consider the many rob beries and murders committed by y't Nat'n and y'r Ind's among our back Settlera'ts. I shall send for the Counch to advise w't is to be done with these People y't refus'd at N. Scotia to swear Ahegiance to H. M'y. My present Opinion is y't they sh'd be divided in smah Numbers among the different Counties, with a Restrict' n not to go out of the Bounds of the County, but y's I cannot do with't the Concurrence of the Counch. I have the Hon'r of remain'g, with great Deference and dutiful Respects, R't Hon., Y'r raost faithful and very ob'd't h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE EARL OF HALIFAX. Nov'r 15th, 1755. R't Hon.: I troubled Y'r L'ds. with a long L'r of the ist of Oct'r, to w'ch I desire [you] to be referred. Ever since the March of the Regulars frora our Front's we have Weekly been alarm'd with Acc'ts of Monstrous Murders and Robberies done DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 273 by the Fr. and their Ind's. They have become a parcel of Land Pyrates, watching and taking advantage of the poor, in nocent People's insecurity, breaking in upon them, robbing some, murder'g others, and carry'g away the young Women Captives. I have sent ah the Forces I could raise to our back Co'try to protect our Front's. They are now in Pensylva'a, as the Gov'r writes me, to the No. of 1,500, doing great Mischief I hope y's whl raisp the Spirits of the People in y't Colony with proper Resentra' t, to grant mutual Supplies to the necessary and just Expedit'n. The Defeat of Gen'l B k appears to me as a dreara, w'n I consider the Forces and the train of Artihery he had with him. I am not qualified to give my Opinion on y's Action, but Capt. Orme, who was one of his Aid-de-Camps, a Gent, of very good Sense, now in Londo,, will be very ready to give You a full Acc't of the whole. But the precipitant march of the remain'g Part of the Army for Philad'a has occasioned much Clamour here, and really great Destruct'n among our back Settlers. And, indeed, the bad Conduct of all the Colo nies, particularly the Proprietary Gov'ts, is very unaccountable, [and] has occasioned such a Backwardness in giv'g proper Aid and Assistance y't I am really wore out with Concern. I never heard [of] or saw a People so very defective of their Duties to H. M'y's Com'ds, so absurdly neglectful of their Liberties, Lives and Estates. How to reduce them to obedience to H. M'y's Or ders and to their own Preservat'n I know not, unless a Brittish Parliament take it in hand by oblig' g each Colony to supply a proper quota of Men, Money, &c., and y'n, with't some Regim'ts from Home, with a proper Gen'l and Field Officers, I dread the Consequences. The Fr. vaunt of the great Reinforcem' ts they expect in the spring from France to Canada, w' ch I hope will be prevented by another Squadron of Ships to Nova Scotia very early in the Spring. The great Service they did y's last Year is very obvious to every Person here. We have had some Sloops arrived and other [are] expected with 1,000 Neutrals from Nova Scotia. Y's is exceeding[ly] disagreeable to our People to have so many Fr. imported, w'n numbers of y't Nat'n are now Scalp'g H. M'y's Subjects on our Frontiers. I have sent for the Council to consult w't must be done with them and am of opinion to divide them among our counties so y't they may be at proper distances from each other. Our Assembly 274 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. met the 29th Ult'o, but not above one-half of them gave their Attendance. They fell into Cabals and wanted to emit 200,000;^ in paper Money for a Loan Office to be discharged in 8 Years, w'ch I tho't was contrary to Act of Parliam' t and my Instruct's. They further propos' d a Secret Committee, w'ch in course w'd have been the Beginning of great Dissentions. They were like wise very mutinous and unmannerly. Their not meeting in a Body w'n sumon'd, and for the above Conduct, I tho't it for H. M'y's Service and the good of y's Dom'n to dissolve them and take my Chance of a new Elect'n, w'ch I think cannot be so bad as the last. Our Forces, I think, will behave well under our own Officers, if hon'd with H. M'y's Com's. Our Field Officers having no rank w'n join[ed] with the Regulars, is very discourag'g to them, and they suggest y't the Officers to the No'w'd have his M'y's Cora's. If so, they hope to have the same Hon'r. I wish I had the Hon'r of a Line from You to know the further Intent's of H. M'y and Ministry in regard to these Dom's. The Value of them to the Crown is not to be valued, and the great Esteem the Fr. have for them is plain from their great Expen's and indefatigable endeavours to have a Post in the No' ern Colonies, w'ch,. in Time, w'd effectually an swer all their Views. The great Expences our Nat'n have already been at, prevents my further Solicitat'n, as the Affairs will appear at Home in as strong a Light as I can possibly repre sent them. I hope Y'r L'ds. will excuse my Freedom in writ'g so fully to You, and beg You will believe me to be with great Deference and dutiful Respects, R't Hon., Y'r L'ds. most faithful and very h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE EARL OF GRANVILLE. Nov'r 15th, [1755. J R'T Hon.: I beg Y'r L'd's pardon for being so long silent in not writ'g, but really, the unexpected defeat of G'l Braddock gave me such a Shock y' t I c' d not with any Spirit write on the DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 275 Subject. After y't unfortunate Period, the remains of our Army march'g from our Frontiers for Phha'a, gave the Opp'ty to the Enemy to come over the Mount's and comit the most cruel Robberies and Murders among our back Settlers. I have sent I, ooo Men to protect our Frontiers. The Enemy is gone to Pensylva'a Gov't, where the Gov'r writes me, they daily com mit many Murders, and propose buhd'g a Fort on the River Susquehanna to cut off the Comraunicat'n between y't Province and the Ohio. I hope these Actions of the Eneray will rouse the Inhabitants of y't Colony from their lethargic Supineness, and [that they whl] with Spirit grant Supplies for the just and necessary Expedit' n. The JMeutral Fr. at N. Scotia are to be distributed among the Colonies, two' Sloops arrived here, and four more [are] expected with these People. It's a very disa greeable Importat'n to the People here, to have i,ooo Fr. im ported, w'n many of the same Nat'n are comit' g the most cruel Barbarities on our Fellow-Subjects in the back Co'try. I shah consult with the Council w't is raost prudent to be done with them, and to keep them at a Distance from each other. My Lord, some time since, the two enclos'd L' rs were sent me by Y'r Agent, Mr. Corbin, with ^656. 5. y's Curr'y, w'ch he ex pected to have been remitted at 25 ^ Ct. Y't was the Excha. in Apr. w'n Gen'l Braddock wanted Money, but ever since, it rose, and last Court, [it wa.s] at 32^^ '^ Ct. But my Duty and Esteem for Y'r L'ds. and y't Y'r Money may not lye longer in my Hands, and to prevent giv'g You trouble in other Bills, I enclose You my Draught on Messrs. H y's for ^504. 16. Curr'cy, and I desire to assure You if it was not for Y'r Ser vice, I sh'd not have drawn at y's Time. I beg Leave to repre sent to Y'r L'ds. y't with't a proper Union among the Colonies on y's Cont't, the Interposit'n of a British Parliam' t for mutual Supplies, some Forces from Brit'n, with sorae experienced Gen' 1 and Field Officers, y't I fear the Fr. will make good their En croachm'ts and keep these Colonies in Aeternal War and dis quietude, with't a strong Push next Spring, with Aid from Brit'n and a good Squadron of Ships of War very early in the Spring to prevent y'r land'g Forces at Quebec, or in the Mouth of St Lawrence. I hope Y'r L' ds. wih excuse my Freedom, in writ'g You my h'ble Opinion, w'ch is sincerely for H. M'y's Service, and the good of these Colonies. I had L'rs last Week 276 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. from Gov'r Dobbs who y'n was in a very bad State of Health, and confined to his Bed, and the Sec'ry, Mr. McCullock," was dead. Many others complaining of the Flux. Y'r Com'ds will always be raost agreeable to me, and I desire to assure You y't I rem'n with great Deference and due Respect, R't Hon., Y'r L'd's most ob'd't h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO ADMIRAL BOSCAWEN, VICE- ADMIRAL OF THE BLUE. Nov'r 15th, [1755]. Sir: I had the hon'r of Y'r L'r of the nth Sept'r, with 500 b'ls Powder and 400 Arms, &c., w'ch Supply was very Seasonable, as our Magazine was quite Empty and I had no Arms for the new Levies. I now, in behalf of y's Colony, return You sin- ¦cere Thanks for y's necessary Supply for H. M'y's Service. The Fr. and their Ind' s on our Frontiers have done great Mis chief in robb'g and murder'g our back Settlers. They are now, to the No. of 1,500, in Pensylva'a, perpetrat'g the most egre- grious Villanies. I hope it will rouse the People in y' t Province from their lethargic Indolence, and with Resentm't and Spirit grant proper Supplies to the necessary Expedit'n. We have some Sloops arrived and others expected with Neutral Fr. from Nova Scotia. Y's is mighty disagreeable to the People here, but [I] shall consult with the Council the most proper Method to settle them. I sincerely wish You great Success in all Y'r Operations ag'st the Comon Enemy, and for the Service of our King and Co'try. I rem'n, with very great Respect, Hon. Sir, Y'r most ob'd't h'ble Serv't Memorandum. — Wrote to Commodore Keppel. " Alexander McCuUoch, member of the Council and Secretary. dinwiddie papers. 277 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO JAMES ABERCROMBY. Nov'r 15th, [1755]. Sir: Y'rs of Aug. ist, 7th, and 3rd Sept'r I rec'd. The non- paym't of the Warr't gave me much Concern. If I could have apprehended such a Th'g I sh'd have taken some other Mea sures. However, I sent for the Rec' v'r- Gen'l, who says he c'd not have expected y't Mr. H y would have refus'd it, and now he remits him more Money with a L'r on y't Subject. I therefore have reason to think it will now be punctually paid. Call at the Pay Office, y't they may once more present it, and if not y'n p'd desire it may be ret'd and I shah remit it. W't You have done in regard to y's Affair is approv'd of by the Council. Inclos'd You have my Bill on Messrs. H'ys for ioo[^], y'r ^ Year's Salary, ending in Oct'r. I did not think proper to pre sent Y'r private Bill of Expen's, as they, in private Conversa tion, say they expected no Bills of Charge after the Augmentat'n ofthe Salary. I therefore tho't proper to decline it at y's Time. Our Assembly met the 29th Ult'o. As usual [they were] tedious in doing Business. They propos'd emitt' g 200,000;^ Paper Currency to erect a Loan Office, w'ch I tho't w'd ruin the Credit of the Co'try, encourage extravagance and Idleness araong the young People of Estates, who w'd have borrow'd large Sums from the Office. By speaking to the Council, they were much of my mind, and rejected it. They behav'd with much Inso lence, endeavour' g to form a secret Comittee and to choose an Agent at Home; y't on the whole I tho't it for H. M'y's Service and the Peace of y's Colony to dissolve them and take my Chance of a new Election, w' ch I hope will be better than the former, and [that they will] come with Spirit to serve their Co'try. There was not in y's last Assembly one-half of their No., and [they had] some Days to adjourn for want of an House. The Fr. and Ind's, ever since the Regulars left our Front's, have comitted many robberies and murders among our back Settlem'ts. By a L'r from the Gov'r of Pensylva'a by Express, he says 1,500 of them are come into y't Province^ comitt'g the most horrid Cruelties, and threaten us with a Visit. I have now 1,000 Forces on our Front's for their Protect'n, but must be on the Defensive till I have H. M'y's Com'ds, but I am 278 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. convinc'd [that] with't a proper Supply of Men, &c., from Your Side of the Water we shall be very ill off, and I hope they will send some good Gen'l and Field Officers. The Sec'ry of No. Caro. is dead, and the Gov'r is in a very bad State of Health. Inclos'd You have a L'r sent me for Capt. Floyer, who died of his Wounds. I suppose [it is] from his Lady. Pray take Care to deliver it to her. It may prove a good Introduct' n, as I am told she is a rich Widow. You also have one from Colo. Innes, and a L'r for Adm'l Holborn, w'ch I return, as he is gone for England. Present my Service to him. We have two Sloops arriv'd, and four more [are] expected from Nova Scotia with Neutral Fr., w'ch gives much Concern here, as we have been so much harrass' d by y' t perfidious Nat' n in our back Co' try. I send for the Council to meet next Thursday, to consult thereon. My pres't Opinion is to disperse them among the different Counties and by an Act of Assembly to restrain them from going out of the Limits prescribed, but [I am] uncertain of the Concurrence of the Counch. I send You Copy of the Act propos'd (but re jected) for emitt'g 200,000 £, for Your perusal, and to shew to those You think proper to know their Sentim'ts [and] if I was right in hav'g it rejected. I am much fatigu'd, and must there fore take Leave. 'My Wife and Girls join in Respects, and I am, S'r, Y'r affect, h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO CAPTAIN OBADIAH WOODSON." Nov'r 20th, 1755. Sir: I rec'd Y'rs of the 13th y's Day. I am sorry for the Dis appointm' t in not hav'g Men sufficient to undertake w't You propos'd ag'st the Shawnees and of the Disappointm't of the Cherokees. I am affraid I was impos' d on bj- Pearis, their In- "Capt. Obadiah Woodson descended in the third generation from John Woodson, of Dorsetshire, England, who accompanied Sir John Harvey to Virginia as surgeon in 1624, married Constance, daughter of John Watkins. He served in the Sandy Creek expedition of 1756. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 279 terpreter, and I hear the Shawnees have gone to the So' w'd to join the Creeks, and have left Y'r Town, but y's wants con firmat'n. Under these several Disappointm'ts, I am of Opinion You had better ret'n, and if any Thing can be done in Feb'ry or March we raay then endeav'r to prosecute w't You formerly pro pos'd, and if You are not near Capt. Hogg, I suppose the In habit'ts will take care ofthe Fort buht by Capt'n Smith. Sam'l Overton proposes to go at the above Time on the sarae project if hereafter it sh'd be tho't eligible. I ara glad no Mischief has been lately done by the Ind's, and I hope the Inhabit'ts whl re turn to Y'r Plantat's, as they have Forts to retire to on occasion or in any Distress. I doubt not of Y'r frugal Care ofthe Money You had, and I hope it whl suffice till You ret'n. I ara, with Respect, S'r Y'r most h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR SHARPE. Nov'r 22nd, 1755. Sir: The enclos'd two L'rs came by H. M'y's Ship Seaford, w'ch arriv'd here two Days ago, hav'g cah'd at Boston She brings no extraordinary News, but the Expectation of War to be declar'd on H. M'y's arrival from His German Dom's. We have had upw'ds of i,ooo Neutrals from N. Scotia, y't arrived the end of last Week. I cah'd the Council to consult w't proper Method is to be done with them, tho' it's a very disagreeable Importat'n to our People; but I understand they are to be dis persed among all the Colonies. In settl'g with Major Carlyle ab't the Cloath'g, he charges me with 57 Suits d[elivere]d Y'r Order. In my Acc't with You I charg' d You only with 50 Suits. Please examine it, and if right. You wih pay me at Y'r leisure. Our Assembly met the 29th Ult'o. Not fi of them appear' g, and those y't met were endeav' g to enter into Cabals; I therefore tho't proper to dissolve them and run the Chance of a new Elect'n. I did prevah with thera to pass a mutiny Bih pretty similar to y't for the regular Forces. I hope y's will 280 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. meet You ret'd from N. York. I shall be glad to know w't was resolved on at y't Congress. I rem'n, with very great Esteem, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR DOBBS. Nov'r 22nd, 1755. Sir: The enclos'd Packets came by H. M'y's Ship Seaford, who touch'd at Boston before he came here. He brings no particu lar News. Those L'rs for the So'ern Gov'rs I must entreat You to forw'd. Last Week we had above 1,000 Neutrals from N. Scotia, w'ch is a disagreeable Importat'n to the People here. I have not yet determin'd how to dispose of them. As the Fr. have been very busy with the So'ern Ind's, I am determin'd to send two Com'rs to the Catawbas and Cherokees with Presents, &c., to strengthen our Int't with them and to endeavour to get a No; of their Warriors to join our Forces next Spring, if Operat's are concert' d at Home, with some Regim'ts w'ch I have solicited. At present, our Forces are entirely on the De fensive, for the Fr. and Ind's, in fly'g Parties, continue robb'g and murder'g our back Inhabit'ts. It will give me much Pleas ure to hear of your recovery, and I sincerely wish You a Con firmat'n of Y'r Health, and I reraain, with kind Respects, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR TINKER. Nov'r 22d, 1755. D'R Sir: I was heartily glad, by Capt. Hood, to hear of Y'r safe arrival at Y'r Gov't. I c'd not shun y's good Opp'ty by Capt. Arbuthnott of pay'g my Respects to You, and to assure You it whl give me much Pleasure to keep up a Correspondence, and if I can be of any Service to You, here, freely com'd me. dinwiddie papers. 281 I shall be oblig'd if You will make some Enquiry ab't Jno. Jen nings' Affairs. He was in my Debt upw' ds of 50o[^] Procla. Money. I formerly sent a Power of Atto. to Mr. Scott, who s'd he believ'd he c'd secure a House he had from Maj'r Law- ford, who's Daughter Jennings had Married, for my Use. Y's was io Years ago; Since y't I have never had a L'r from Mr. Scott. Excuse my giving You y's Trouble. I refer You to the Bearer for English News. Our Back Country has been greatly harrass' d ever since the Regulars have left our Frontiers. They have robbed and murder'd many Families in our back Settlem'ts. They are now, to the No. of 1,500, in Pensylva'a Gov't perpe trat'g their Barbarities on the River Susquehanna, where they propose buhd'g a Fort to cut off the Cbmunicat'n from that Province to the Ohio. I ara in hopes y's will rouse the friends there to grant proper Supplies to the Expedit'n. I have really been much fatigu'd ever since you left y's. I am glad y's Ship brings You so great a Supply of Ordnance Stores, w'ch I pre sume wih strengthen You ag'st any Attempts of the Enemy. I sincerely wish You, Lady and Family, Health and Happiness, and be assur' d I rem' n with great Respect, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO SIR THOMAS ROBINSON. Nov'r 24th, 1755. R't Hon: Inclos'd You have Copy of my last by way of Bris tol, of the 15th Curr't, to w'ch I desire [you] tobe referred. Since y't I am hon'd with Y'r several L'rs ofthe 26th July [and] 2Sth and 29th of Aug. I have been very solicitous in putting y's Gov't in as defensive a Manner as I possibly c'd, consider' g we have no Fortificat's to defend us from any Invasion by Sea, but must depend on the Ships of War y' t may be order' d us for our protect'n. On the Death of Gen'l Braddock, I imediately coraenc'd a strict Correspondence with Maj'r-Gen'l Shirley, and shah now continue the same by giv'g him a proper. Acc't of every Thing y't may occur for H. M'y's Service. I am greatly 282 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. surpriz'd G'r Glen had not done me the Justice of acquaint'g You of the Money I sent him agreeable to Y'r Com,'ds, or w't Steps he took for buhd'g a Fort in the Upper Cherokee Co'try. He did write me for ;^6,ooo more, w'ch I, by no means, c'd spare, as the Dem'ds on me were large to support the Expe dit'n. I wrote him I tho't the Colony over w'ch he presided sh'd be at the rest ofthe Charge, as it is for their own Protect'n, and y't they had, for raany Years, had the sole Benefit of the Trade with those People. I had a L'r from him ab't two Mo's ago, y't he had a Meeting with the Chiefs of the Cherokees; y't he had made a Purchase of all their Lands, &c. I answer' d y't he had better have purchas'd their F'dship and back'd my earnest Solicitat's to them to send us 500 of their Warriors to join our Forces near the Ohio ag'st the Cora'n Enemy. Y's is all I know from y't Gent. I am sorry to hear a Report from the No'w'd that G'r Littleton is taken by the Fr., in his passage to So. Caro. I hope y's will be contradicted, for I flatter' d myself great Happiness and pleasure in hav'g a strict Correspondence with y't Gent. The Neutrals y't arrived from Nova Scotia was a great Surprize to the People here, as I had no previous Notice of their coming, in order to provide for them, and our Crops have been very short, occasioned by a great Drought, y't I was oblig'd to prohibit the Shipping any off. Our Lands in the lower parts of y's Co'try [are] chiefly taken up and [are] private property, so y't I cannot assign these People any, and it is not the least reasonable to give them Lands on our Frontiers where the Fr. and their Ind's are robbing and murder'g our People; and indeed it was with Difficulty I c' d get a Majority of the Council to receive them at any rate; however, I sent down two of the Council to Hampton, where they were arriv'd with the following Proposition: ist. That they were admitted as Fellow Subjects, if they w'd take the Oath of Allegiance with't any Reservations. 2d. That they w'd be peaceable Subjects, con form and submit themselves to the Laws of y's Colony. 3d. That they would not depart from the Limits assign'd them with't leave from the Gov'r or Com'd'r-in-Chief The Gent'n returned, say: As to the first, they have already sworn Allegiance to His M'y; y't they never forfeited it, but are punished for the faults of others. As to the other two Articles, they will chearfully submit, but they wanted a free Exercise of their Rehgion, and DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 283 to have their Priests, w'ch I order'd the Gent'n to let thera know was by no means to be allow' d, or must be admitted con sistent with our Constitut'n, and they think they will, in Time, take the Oath of Allegiance again. The next point was their maintenance till next Aprh, before they can possibly be settled. It's so contrary to the sense ofthe People in general of admitting them among us, y't I am perswaded the Asserably will give thera no Assistance. It was, therefore, agreed by the Council y't they are to be supported from the 2s. ^ H'h'd Revenue. The Ballance thereof is so very small y't I fear it will exhaust the whole. S'r, the Fr. are extremely assidious with all the So'ern Ind's in F'dship with Brit'n, to draw thera from their Duty and Engagem'ts to us, and I fear they have had too much Success with the Creeks, as I hear they are en deavour' g to prevail with them to declare War ag'st So. Caro. and their Ind's; y't they have (as I ara informed) declar'd ag'st the Chickesaws, a Nat'n of Ind's that have been long in F'dship with Us, and trade with the So. Caro. People. Iam also told sorae of their Emissaries and Priests are tamper' g with the Catawbas and Cherokees. I therefore think it absolutely necessary at y's Time to send Com'rs to those two Nat's to fix them to our Int't, and I have prevail'd with Peter Randolph and Wm. Byrd, Esq'rs, two of the Counch, to be Com'rs to them, with two other Gent'n. There must be a handsom[e] Present of at least ^500, and as the Revenue of 2s. ^ H'h'd is appropri ated for maintainence of the Neutral Fr. , I have engag' d ;^500 from the small Balla. in my Hands of the Credit I formerly had from Home, and as I really think y's is a most essential piece of Service, I hope it wih meet with Approbat'n. The Com'rs will have Instruct's to prevail with them to supply us with 500 of y'r Warriors to join our Forces on any Operat's to be undertaken next Spring. These different Points I have with much Difficulty and close Applicat'n obtain'd, and arn in hopes they will appear proper and necessary; and if my Conduct herein is approved of, it will give me much Satisfact'n. I rem' n with great Deference and due Respect, R't Hon., Y'r most faithful and ob'd't h'ble serv't. Memorandum : Letters of y's date ^ the Seaford, Capt. Raw- ley. 284 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE LORDS OF TRADE. Nov'r 24th, 1755. R't Hon. : Inclos'd I send You my last ^ way of Bristol, to w'ch please be refer' d. I was in hopes by y's to have transmitted You the Acts pass'd last Session of Assembly, but they are not ready. By next Ship I shall transmit them, and the List of Shipping. The Neutrals from N. Scotia are arriv'd and [are] now land'g. They are to be maintain'd tih next Spring, w'n they shall have Lands assign'd them to settle on. I am now prepar' g to send Com'rs to the So'ern Ind's to confirm them to our Int't, as I am inform'd the Fr., with their Emissaries and Priests, are very busy endeavour' g to draw them from their F'dship to us, and I think y's Affair is of absolute Use at y's Time. I rem'n with Deference and due Respect, Y'r L'd's most ob'd't h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE E.\RL OF HALIFAX. Nov'r 24th, [1755]. R'T Hon.: Inclos'd I trouble You with my last, by way of Bris tol, to w'ch please be refer'd. I have had great Difficulty in receiv'g the Neutrals from Nova Scotia. The Argum'ts ag'st it was y' t they were sent here by the Gov' r and Council of Nova Scotia; y't they did not think themselves bound to take notice of y'r Resolut' ns and Direct's. I answer'd : As Adm'ls Bos cawen and Mostyn had assisted in the Counch, it was more than probable y' t the destinat' n of these Neutrals was consist' t with the AdraTs Instruct's from the Crown, and at [the] same time they were to consider the send'g them from N. Scotia was con sist't with the Safety of the whole Colonies, as the Fr. had push'd their whole Strength to N. Scotia. After long Argum'ts it was determin'd to receive them. As the lower Part of y's Dom'n is fully seated, and private Property, we c'd not appro priate them Lands, as it w'd be very inconsist' t to send them DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 285 near our Frontiers where their Countrymen are harrass' g and murdering our back Settlers. It was therefore resolved to main tain them till the Spring, w'n Lands w'd be assign'd them to settle on. The Fr. are extremely busy with the So'ern Ind's to withdraw them from their F'dship to us, and I fear they have prevah'd much with the Creeks. I therefore tho't it absolutely necessary to send Com'rs to the Cherokees and Catawbas to confirm them to our Int't and to desire their Assistance with 5 or 600 of their Warriors next Spring, if any Operat's sh'd be concerted at Home ag'st the Enemy. I have prevah'd with Pe ter Randolph and Wm. Byrd, Esq'rs., two of the Counch, to join two others on y's Comiss'n. Y's is now the Ind's' Time of hunt'g. These Gent'n will leave y's [colony] in three Weeks, and will be in time to raeet them on y'r return from Hunt'g. A Report prevahs here y't H. M'y's Ship, with Gov'r Littleton on board, is taken by the Enemy. I w'd gladly hope to have y't News contradicted, as his being in So. Caro. with his new In struct's w'd at y's Time be of very great Service. I remain, with dutiful Respects, R't Hon., Y'r L'd's faithful and ob'd't h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE EARL OF GRANVILLE. Nov'r 24th, [1755]. R'T Hon.: Anex' d is copy of my last, and for fear of miscar riage in these dangerous Times, I send You my second Bill on Messrs. H ys for ;^504. i6s., w'ch I hope will come safe[ly]. The Council have agreed with me to receive the Neutral Fr. , to maintain them till the Spring, y't we may appropriate them Lands to settle. I rem'n, with dutiful Respects, Y'r L'd's most ob'd't h'ble serv't 286 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE LORDS OF THE TREASURY. Nov'r 24th, [1755.] R'T Hon.: Inclosed You have Copy of my last by way of Bris tol. In case of miscarriage in these perilous Times, I send You the Rec'r-GenTs Acc'ts of H. M'y's Quit Rents and the Revenue of 2s. ^ H'h'd on Tob'o. The Fr. Neutrals are to be landed y's Week. We have no lands in the lower parts of y's Dom'n to assign them, and it w'd be highly imprudent to send towards our Front's, where their Countrymen and Ind's are coraitting horrid Cruelties. Therefore, with [the] Advice of the Counch, they are to be landed and maintain'd tih next Apr., and as their Importat'n is very disagreeable to the People, they will not vote or pay any Thing towards their maintenance, and the only recourse we have is to the 2S. ^ H 'h'd, and I fear y's will exhaust y't Ballance, but as it is for the public Service, I hope it will be approv'd of It was unkind of the Gov'r of Nova Scotia to send such a No. of People here with't the least pre vious Notice to provide for their reception. I knew Nothing of it till they arrived, and great Difficulties I had to encounter to receive them at all, and it c'd not be done otherways than main tain'g till Apr. next out of the above revenue. The Fr. are ex tremely busy by y'r Emisaries and Priests among the So'ern Ind's in our Int't, to withdraw them from y'r Allegiance and F'ship to us. I therefore think it absolutely necessary to send Com'rs to the Catawbas and Cherokees to confirm y'r F'dship and Int't to the British Colonies and to endeavour to get 500 of their Warriors to join our Forces in the Spring, if any Plan of Operat's sh'd be concerted with You for defeat'g the unjust Invasions and Designs of the Fr. Our Forces must remain on the defensive till I receive H. M'y's Com'ds, w'ch shah be punct ually obey'd to the utmost of my Power. And I beg leave to subscribe myself, R't Hon. , Y'r most faithful and ob'd't h'ble serv't DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 287 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO JAMES ABERCROMBY. Nov'r 24th, 1755. Sir: The anex'd is Copy of my last by way of Bristol. This, by H. M'y's Ship, Seaford, covers my 2d. B. of Excha. for_^ioo, Y'r 'f^ Year's salary end'g last Oct'r. The Neutrals from N. Scotia have given rae much trouble and uneasiness. The re ceiv'g of them was carried by but one vote in the Council. They are to be landed y's Week and to be maintain'd till the Spring, y't we may appropriate them some Lands. We have the dis agreeable News from the No'w'd y't H. M'y's Ship with Gov'r Littleton on board is taken by the Enemy. It gives me much Concern, and I live in hopes of its being contradicted. I am in Pain to hear of the Resolutions of H. M'y and Ministry in reg'd to y's Cont't. If the Fr. are not strongly oppos'd here, I fear the Destruct'n of them ah. The different Colonies have behav'd shamefully, particularly the Proprietary Gov'ts, and to tell You truly, I am heartily weary with Concern and Fatigue, and if it is His M'y's Pleasure to send a new Gov'r, it will not in the least be disagreeable to me. Be sure to write me often w't is doing. Wish'g You Health, I am. Sir, Y'r F'd and h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO LIEUTENANT JOHN McNEILL. Nov'r 26th, 1755. Sir : I rec'd Y'r L'r of the 21st. The Acc't of the Cherokees kih'g the Traders must be false, as I have a Person from y't Nat'n very lately, therefore, send the Boys as soon as possible to be d[ehvere]d to one of their Chief Warriors. Co. Washington spoke to me ab't You and I determine You sball be provided for as You desire in a short Time, or on first Vacancy. As to the Buffaloes, it is no matter of Consequence, the Cow's death. I wish You Health, and am, S'r, Y'r Fr'd, &c. 288 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL DAVID STEUART. Nov'r 26th, 1755. Sir : I rec'd Y'r L'r and observe You have supplied Ct. Preston with some Provis's. C t. Smith says he did not hear from You till late in Oct'r, and y't You knew where he was buhd'g a Fort, and there was the place You sh'd have supplied him. He c'd not send for salted Provis's, but the Cattle sh'd be drove to the Fort. As to his com'g in to the Inhabit'ts, w't use will y't Fort be if left? The Inhabit'ts sh'd take care of themselves, and if attack'd may be protected by his Fort and y't of Ct. Preston's. Let rae know if Maj'r Lewis left any Money with You ; if so, if Ct. Preston or Smith want, supply them from y't, taking Re ceipts. I am, S'r, Y'r h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO CAPTAIN-LIEUT. ARBUTHNOTT, OF THE KEPPEL. Nov'r 29th, 1755. Sir: On Y'r arrival here. You ask'd my Advice in reg'd to Y'r proceed'g to Providence with H. M'y's Stores for y't Gov't. I then gave You my Opinion, w'ch I now confirm, y't it was a very great Risque for You to proceed with them Stores with't a Convoy, and y't Ct. Arbuthnott, of H. M'y's Ship Garland, was gone to N. York to convey the Cloath'g, &c., for the two Brit ish Regim'ts at Albany. I advis'd Y'r waiting his ret'n. And as he is now ret'd and agrees to convoy You to Providence, I am further of Opinion y't it's for H. M'y's Service v't You accept thereof, and am perswaded it will meet with Approbat'n at Home; for, if Y'r Ship sh'd have the Misfortune in these dan gerous Times to fall into the Enemy's Hands, Y'r Stores w'd be of essential great Use to them, and at the same Time a very great Disappointm't to the Gov't You are engag'd to convey them to. I wish You an agreeable \^oyage, and am with great Esteem, S'r, Y'r most h'ble serv't. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. _ 289 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL ROBERT EASTHAM. Nov. 29th, [1755.J Sir : I rec'd Y'r L'r ofthe 24th. I am sorry there is occasion to call for Drafts from the Militia, but it's necessary for the Pro tect'n of the Front's, and, in course, the whole Co'try ; they will be p' d. Therefore I hope they will chearfully comply with what's now order'd, as I observe it's to reheve sorae former De tachm' ts. If I c' d properly convey You a supply of Powder, I w'd, but for the pres't apply again to Colo. Spotswood, and let him know it's by my Orders, and if Colo. Washington is near You, write to him on y's Affair. I shall soon appoint Officers for the Militia of Your Co'ty, and I rem'n, S'r, Y'r most h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR DOBBS. Dec'r 13th, 1755. Sir : Thope y's will find You perfectly recover'd of Y'r late In disposition, w'ch [I] shall be glad to have confirm'd by a Line from You. The enclos'd Packets came to my Hands Yester day, and as I conceiv' d they cont'n Affairs of Consequence, I tho't it proper to send them by this Express. I am now pre par' g a Pres't for the Catawbas and Cherokees. Two of the Counch go Commissioners to deliver it, and to sohcit their Fr'dship to the British Subjects, and to endeavour to prevail with them to supply us with a number of their Warriors in the Spring. As the Fr. , by their Priests and other Emissaries, are extremely busy with all our Friendly Ind's, to withd'w them from their F' dship with us, I think it is absolutely necessary, at this Time, to do our utmost to establish them in our interest. Our Com'rs will sett out from y's about the sixth of next Mo., and I am of Opinion if You w'd send two Com'rs from Y'r Province it w'd give a good Grace to the Negotiat's. I wrote You the 22d of y's Mo. my Intent'n, and, as I doubt not. You 290 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. whl see the Importance and Necessity of y's Affair, You will think it proper sorae sh'd be sent from You, and they may meet Our Com'rs among the Catawbas. The Cherokees have sent into our County of Augusta 130 of their Warriors. I join them with 200 of our Rangers, and they propose attacking the Shaw nees in their Towns, and to cut them off. They are the People who have done most of the Mischief among our Back Settlers. To Y'r Town, where the Cherokees now are, is but seven Day's march They are fond of the Expedition, and I am greatly hur ried in sending thera Arras [and] Araunit'n. If we sh'd succeed, it will be doing an essential good Service, and probably raay have the effect of reclaim' g some of the Other Nat's of Ind's y't have joined the Fr., or, at least, keep them in sorae awe. No doubt Gov'r Morris writes You y't Pensylvania at last have voted _,^6o,ooo for the Expedition, and he says he will consult a Plan of Operat's, w'ch he will send rae for ray Approbat'n. You will therefore see the necesssity of send'g the three Companies You intend for Assistance, to join our Forces near F't CumbTd as soon as possible, y't they may be ready on the Spot to go on any Service y't may be concerted. Gen'l Shirley's Forces re main at Oswego y's Winter. Whether Gen'l Johnson, with his Men, attempts any Thing ag'st Crown Point y's Winter is very uncertain, or have I any particular Acc't of him, but Gen'l Shir ley was expected at N. York the end of last Mo. From Eng land we hear Mr. Fox is made Sec'ry of State in room of S'r T. Robinson, Lord Barrington, Sec'ry at War, and [it is] s'd y't Mr. Neugent is Pay M'r- Gen'l, but I have not a Confirmat'n ot these Changes, and y't the Duke of New Castle is to retire with a Pension of 7,000 £ ^ Ann. Pray give the Express all possi ble Dispatch, and I rera'n, with kind Respects to Y'r Son and Nephew, in tv'ch my Wife and Children join, and I always am Y'r Ex's most ob'd't, h'ble ser^-'t' P. S. — I desire you will let me know the No. of Beeves sent here ^ Your Order, y't I may pay Colo. Hunter according to proraise. Those y't are dehver'd are so poor y't they are not fit to slaughter. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 291 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL WASHINGTON. Dec'r 14th, 1755. Sir: Y'r L'r by Ct. Mercer I rec'd. I hope the Treasurer will send You the Money to make up the ^10,000, w'ch I have de sired him. If you find it for the good of the Service to rem'n below, I have no Object'n to it, but I hope the Men are duly exercis'd and taught the Ind'n Method of fighting, y't they raay be prepar'd for Action in the Spring. I am surpriz'd the Ves sell with Arms, &c. , is not arrived, if she had gone to Fred'ksb'g she w'd have been there weeks ago. The Express is ret'd from N. York but the Gen'l was not come to y't City, but Colo. Hun ter who is now there and soon expected here has Orders to bring Answer to my L'rs, and I hope they will be satisfactory but I am of Opinion You raight have obviated the inconsistent Dispute with Capt. Dagworthy by asking him if he did not Comm'd by Virtue of Gov'r Sharpe's Com'o. as y't he had for merly from His M'y, now ceases, as he is not on the Half Pay List, if so, the Method You are to take is very obvious, as Y'r Com'o. from me is greater than w't he has. I expected You w'd have appointed a Commissary, pro tempore, to prevent any Inconveniencies from the Delay of the Former at W'msb'g. The Printer has been so engag'd in print'g Bills for Money, he has not been able to print off the Acts, but I shall soon send You a No. of the Mutiny Bhls and shall consult with the Atto.- Gen'l in regard to grant'g blank Warr'ts for trying of Delin quents. I hope by y's you have more Carap Kettles, &c. from N. York, w'ch were forwarded You frora Hampton ten Days ago. I cannot say w't can be done for Cloath'g; am sorry Messrs. Carlyle and Dalton disappointed You and I expected You w'd have sent a particular Acc't of the Cloath'g You had belong'g to me from Maj'r Carlyle and at Winchester. The Treasurer complains for want of Gold and Silver, and I tho't our Paper w'd pass in the neighbour'g Provinces, as they bear Interest. You cannot expect Success in recruit'g in Pennsyl vania as y't Province has voted 60, 000 ;^ for rais'g Forces, &c., and Carolina are now rais'g three Companies, y't I was in hopes of Success, in our own Colony. As to the Qu'ty of Provis's You are to lay in, must be left to Your Care, w't You can, and 292 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. endeavour to send the rest of the Beeves to Grazing for the Winter to be ready in the Spring to fatten. As You have appointed Mr. Livingston to be Adjutant, I agree to it, tho' there is one Mr. Gordon, Bro. to Ct Gordon, y't Cmo- anded the Station Ship here, strongly recoramended to me, and was in Flanders all the last War, who I tho't of for Adjutant, but he must rem'n till some Thing falls. As before, it's the first Colo, of a Regiment that had an Aid-de-Camp, but as You have appointed him, 5s. ^ Day is sufficient; Capt. Stewart, of the Light Horse, 15s. ^ Day, but I see no Necessity for augment'g the Pay of the others, as I observe there are raore Officers to be had y'n Men in proportion. Capt. Carter Harrison, by purswa- sion of his friends and to serve his Brother, who was with Gen'l Braddock, resigns his Cora'o. in his Favo. He has my Ap probat'n; and the Brother is to wait on You with his Bro's Com'o., and to have Your Consent to the Change. I fancy he -will make as good, if not a better Officer, than him, the ¦date of the new Com'o. I leave to You. The Cherokees have taken up the Hatchet against the Shawnesse and French, and have sent 130 of their Warriors in to New River, and propose to march imediately to attack and cut off the Shawnesse in their Towns. I design they shall be join'd with three Compa's of Rangers and Capt. Hogg's Co'y, and I propose Colo. Stephens or Maj'r Lewis to be Com'd'r ofthe Party on y's Expedit'n. I therefore desire You will order one of those Gent'n to proceed imediately to join the Party and take the Com'd upon him by Direct's from me. I am extremely hurried in send'g Amunit'n to them, and if we have Success in y's Attempt, it will probably reclaim sorae of our F'dly Ind's y't have join'd the French and others of thera in Awe, but be sure send one of those Officers iraediately y't there raay be no Delay, and to encourage the Ind's, who, they say, are very fond of Attempt. Colo. Peter Randolph'^ and Colo. Wra. Byrd are going Cora'rs to the Cataw bas and Cherokees with a handsome Pres't to confirm them to our Int' t and to prevail with thera to send a No. of their Warriors "Peter Randolph, of " Chatsworth," Henrico county, son of William, grandson of the emigrant William Randolph, of " Turkey Island," and first cousin of Peyton Randolph, Attorney-General. He was ap pointed Surveyor of the Customs in 1749, and was a member of the House of Burgesses and ofthe Council. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 293 to our Assistance in the Spring, and I hope they whl succeed. You may believe I am very much hurried. I wish You Health, and am, Sir, Y'r F'd and h'ble serv't P. S. — Communicate the Contents of y's L'r to my F'd, Colo. Fairfax, for I cannot write him now. Ct Hogg sent a Messen ger here for Money to pay for Provis's for his Co'y. The Qu'ty he mention'd I think was sufficient for twenty Months, and charged io_;^ for a Trough to Salt the Meat in, besides the Bar rels. I hope You wih look into the Acc't, as I order'd him to apply to You or the Commissary for Money. It's proper ah Acc'ts sh'd be examin'd and Calculat's made on each Supply. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR LAWRENCE." Dec'r , 1755. Sir: I rec'd Y'r six L'rs of same tenor and Date the nth of Aug. , by six different Sloops, with Fr. Neutrals. I wish You had given me previous Notice of y'r coming, y't I might have been better prepar'd to receive them. It was a Surprize to me '* Charles Lawrence, Major in Warburton's regiment, which formed part of the garrison of Louisburg, came with the army to Halifax in July, 1749, and was soon after appointed by Governor Cornwallis a member of the Council of Nova Scotia; During 1750-1 he was engaged in driving the French from their encroachments at Beaubassin and Chignecto, and in the latter year erected a fort at the head of the Bay of Fundy, which was called Fort Lawrence. In 1752 he proceeded with the German settlers to Malagush Bay, and assisted in founding the town of Lunenburg; attained the rank of Colonel in September, 1757; administered the government of Nova Scotia on the retirement of Hopson, in 1753, and was appointed Lieutenant-Governor in 1754, and Governor-in-Chief in 1756. After the departure of the Acadian French, through his exertions the Western and Middle counties were settled by emigrants from the Old Colonies ; appointed a Brigadier-General in Amherst's division December, 31 ; participated in Loudoun's campaign of 1757, and commanded the reserve at the second siege of Louisburg in 1758; died at Halifax 19th October, 1760, in the prime of life. 294 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. to have above 5,000 People sent to y's Dom'n so late in the Year, and more so, as our Crops are very short from the Drought of last Sumer, w'ch occasioned my lay'g an Embargo on all Provis's, prohibit'g any to be exported. These Things considered, the Importation at y's Time was very disagreeable; however, we have rec'd them, and propose maintain'g them at the Charge of the Colony till the Spring of the Year, w'n I shall endeavour to appropriate them some Lands to sit down upon, tho' y's will be attended with some Difficul ties, as the Lands in the lower Parts are all taken up, and [are] private property, and it will by no means be proper to send them to our Frontiers, where their Countrymen, with Ind's, have for many Mo's been robbing and murder'g our Subjects in the most unheard of and cruel Manner. I have now 1,000 Men in our back Co'try to protect our Front's. The Enemy, with their Ind's, are in Pensylvania to the No. of 1,500 (as the Gov'r writes me), perpetrat'g their cruel Designs. I shall give the different Masters of the Sloops proper Certificates of the People landed in y's Dom'n. It will be a Pleasure to me to keep up a Correspondence with You, and w'n any Thing relat'g to H. M'y's Service shall be duly communicated, and I rem'n Y'r Ex's most ob'd't, h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO CAPTAIN HOGG. Dec'r 15th, 1755. Sir :There are 130 Cherokees in to our Assistance ag'st the Cora'n Enemy. They propose, if join'd with a No. of our War riors, to march imediately to attack the Shawnesse Towns. I have ordered some Companies of Rangers to join them, and y's is to order You, with thirty or forty of Y'r Co'y, to join them and to proceed to the Attack of the Shawnesse Towns. The Success thereof wih be essential Service to the Expedit'n. Pro bably Colo. Washington will send one of the Field Officers to Com'd the Forces on y's Expedit'n. If he does not, I desire You may take the Com'd upon You, and leave Y'r Ensign or a DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 295 Sergeant with the Remainder of Y' r Co. to take Care of the Fort and to be on his Guard ag'st any Enemy y't may appear. Capt. Woodson or Ct. Smith wih forward y's to You, and wih acquaint You ofthe Place You are to march for to join the Ind's and the other Compa's. You are to press Horses to carry Provis's for one Mo. or Six Weeks, which, I beheve, may be the utmost You may be gone y's Expedit'n. I desire Nothing may retard Y'r March -to be there at the Time and Place You raay have Acc't of from either of the above Gent'n. I hearthy wish Success to the Design, w' ch, I conceive, will be of very great Ad vantage and use to H. M'y's Service and to these Colonies. I am, with Respect, S'r, Y'r most h'ble serv't P. S. — As Capt. Woodson and Smith are old Woodsmen, I therefore desire You will be punctual in tak'g their Advice, and let no Disputes or Contentions prevent or interrupt y's necessary Service. GOV. DINWIDDIE TO CAPTAINS PRESTON AND SMITH Dec'r 15th, 1755. Gent: As the Cherokees have sent in 130 Men to our assistance ag'st the Comon Enemy, and they propose w'n join'd with a No. of our Forces to march to the Attack of the Shawnesse Towns, and I think y't Affair very practicable, I have therefore wrote fully to Ct. Woodson on y't Head, and to whom I refer You. And I order You to make a Draught of 60 Men frora Y'r two Compa's to go on y's Expedit'n under the Com'd of Capt. Smith, and as the Bearer, Mr. Inglis, assures me y't a great many of of Y'r People will go Volunteers on y's Expedit'n, I hope those, with the others I have ordered, will be sufficient for y's Service. Capt. Smith rec'd 70 B'ls of Corn, w'ch, with w't more y't may be wanted, whl serve for Bread kind. Hire or press Horses to carry Provis's with the Army; their hire shah be paid. The Remainder of Y'r two Compa's may rema. with Capt. Preston to range the Co'try and protect the Inhabitants till the others 296 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. return. I heartily wish Success to y's Expedit'n, and I expect You whl do all in Y'r Power to forward it, and I remain, Gent., Y'r h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL STEWART. Dec'r 15th, 1755. Sir: As an Expedition is intended ag'st the Shawnesse Towns, with the Assist'ce of the Cherokee Ind's y't are come to our Assistance, this is to order and direct You to supply them with w't Provis's You possibly can for their March and for conduct'g y's Expedit'n with Spirit I therefore expect y't wih exert Y'r Self on y's Occasion y't I may have no Complaints of Y'r Neg lect. I am, with Respect, S'r, Y'r h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DIDWIDDIE TO RICHARD PEARIS. Dec'r 15th, 1755. Sir : I rec'd Y'r L'r of 24th Nov'r three days ago. I am glad You have bro't in 130 of the Cherokees and Y'r Assurance of 50 more com'g, and of their Proposal for attack' g the Shawnesse in their Towns, w'ch I greatly approve of I have given Capt. Woodson Direct's thereon, and I hope the Ind's will be join'd with a proper No. of our Men to conduct y't Expedition. Make a Speech for me to the Chief Warriors. Let them know how much I am pleased with their Readiness in Coming to our As sistance, I c'd not procure Things proper to send them at y's Time, but shall, w'n Goods come from London, remember them. Proper goods are not to be purchas'd, but have sent them 91 Blankets ; and for the Expedition 150 Small Arms, 10 b'ls of Gun Powder and six b'ls of Bullets. Let them know I am send'g DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 297 in Com'rs to their Nat'n and the Catawbas to assure them of our steady Fr'dship and regard for them, with our Assurances to protect them ag'st their Enemies and ours, and to defend their Hunt'g Grounds from the Encroachm'ts of the Fr. and their Ind's. According to my Promise, I send You a Lieut's Com'o to be Interpreter and Conductor to the Cherokees on y's Expe dit'n, and I hope our People will shew them Civility and good Usage w'ch I have strenuously recomended. As Dispatch is absolutely necessary, I hope the Forces will be ready very soon to begin their March. I hope and Expect You will exert Y'r Self with Spirit, Care and Industry in y's present Undertak' g, which whl be a raeans of recoraraend' g You to future Favours, and on Y'r return You shall be p'd for Y'r Services. I re main, Sir, Y'r h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO CAPTAIN WOODSON. Dec'r 15th, 1755. Sir : I rec'd Y'r L'r of the 7th, and greatly approve of Your march'g to join the Ind's w'n I desir'd. Y'r return with Y'r Co'y was despair'g of their Coming. I am now to desire You, with Capt Smith and Capt. Preston, to shew these Ind's regard and civh Entertainm't. I have sent up 150 Small Arms, 10 b'ls Gun Powder and 2,000 lb. Shott, with 91 Blankets for the Irid's. I c'd not purchase light Guns for the Ind's; those sent are such as our own Forces use, but if You can, araong the different Compa's, get the lightest for .thera by way of Excha. pray do [so], and I sincerly wish Success to the Expedit'n ag'st the Shawnesse. I hope You have compleated Y'r Co'y to fifty Men, and from Capt. Preston's and Sraith's You may make Draught of sixty, to be under the Com'd of Capt. Sraith. You have a L'r enclos'd for Capt. Hogg, at Greenbryer, who, I have order'd to join You on the March with forty of his Co'y. Send the L'r by Express and fix the Place You think raost convenient for him to join You, and the Time You expect [him] to be there, and y't no Mistake may be, as soon as You begin Y'r March 298 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. send another Express to him, y't there raay be no Disappoint- ra't. The Bearer, Mr. Inghs, says y't many of their People will go Volunteers on y's Design, so y't I hope You will have men sufficient. I have sent for Capt. Overton, and shall send him with w't Men he can raise to re-inforce You, but I think no Time is to be lost. As You will want Provisions You must send to Colo. Stewart to supply You with w't he can; but as I under stand the Ind's are not fond of Salt Provisions, I send You en clos'd Bills to the Amo. of loo \_£'], w'ch I hope will be suffi cient (and You may appoint who You see proper to make the Purchases), if not You shall be re-imburs'd w't You purchase on Credit. As to the Com'd, probably Co. Washington will send one of his Field Officers; if he does not come in Time, Capt. Hogg is to Com'd. He has my Orders to consult with You and Capt. Smith in every Thing. I am told the Indian Chiefs wou'd be glad of Comissions from me; please enquire into it, and if You have three blank Comis' s to fill up to their three Chief Warriors. Expedit'n whl be absolutely necessary, and a proper Discipline Among Y'r Men; discourage all manner of Swearing, and let Y'r People have inculcated to them a due Dependence on God Almighty, the Director of all things, and let good Morals be the Example of the Com'ds to engage the private Men thereto. That God may protect You and grant Success to Y'r just Endeavours, is the sincere Wish of, S'r, Y'r most h'ble serv't. COMMISSION FROM GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO MESSRS. RANDOLPH AND BYRD, COMMISSIONERS TO THE CATAWBA AND CHEROKEE INDIANS. R. D., &c., Tothe Hon. Peter Randolph, Esq'r, one of H. M'y's Council, Lieut, ofthe County of Henrico and Survey' r- Gen'l of H. M'y' s Customs, and the Hon. Wm. Byrd, one of H. M'y' s Council and Lieut, of the Co'ty of Lunenburg : By Virtue of the Power and Authority invested in me as H. M'y's L't-Gov'r and Com'd'r in Chief of y's Dom'n, I hereby nominate and appoint You the s'd P. R. and W. B., Esq'rs, DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 299 Commissioners to the Catawba and Cherokee Nat'ns of In dians, hereby giving You full Power and Authority to conclude and settle a firm Treaty of Peace and F' dship with both those Nations, they being our old F' ds and Ahies. Given under my Hand and caus'd the Great Seal of y's Colony to be affix' d thereto at W'msb'g y's 23d Day of Dec'r, 1755. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE'S MESSAGE TO THE CATAWBAS. R. D., &c., To the King, Sachems and Warriors of the Ca tawba Nat'n. Wishing You Health and Prosperity : Brothers and Friends: This wih be handed You by the Hon. P. R. and W. B., Esq'rs, two of H. M'y's Council of y's Dom'n, who will Shake Hands with You and are come y's long and tedious Journey to assure You of our real F'dship and Love for You. They have my Com'o. to treat with You and to brighten and strengthen the Chain of [Friendship] y't has so long subsisted between You and Y'r Bro's, the English, and am in great Hopes the Treaty You are to make with the above Gent'n in Behalf of y's Dom'n in particular and all the English Inhabitants on y's Cont't whl continue as long as the Sun gives Light. The Fr., by their Emissaries, are endeavour' g all in their Power to gain over our F'dly Ind's to their Int't. I, therefore, advise You to be on Y'r Guard ag'st their Invidious Insinuat's, for their Speeches consist of Falsehoods and unjust Reports. The Six Nat's have taken up the Hatchet ag'st the Fr. and Y'r Ind's, and have join'd our Forces to drive the French from the Lands they have unjustly invaded, and have lately given them a remarkable Defeat, Kill'd many of their People and taken sev eral of their great Officers Prisoners, and I hope next Year they will be able to confine them to the barren Lands of Canada. Lately many ofthe Fr. join'd with the Shawnesse, came into our Co'try, robbed and murder'd many of our Brethren. Our F'ds and Bro's, the Cherokees, Knowing the Truth thereof, imedi ately took up the Hatchet ag'st the Fr. and Shawnesse, and 300 • dinwiddie papers. sent into our Co'try a No. of their Warriors to protect our Front's and war ag'st those perfidious People. And I hope, Bro's, You will also take up the Hatchet ag'st the Fr. and Ind's, and as I have great Reason to expect many of the Cherokee Warriors, on any Occasion, to go to war against Y'r Enemies and ours, I therefore hope You will also assist with a No. of Y'r brave Warriors The Comis' rs will also deliver You a Present sent from our Father, the Great King and y's Dom'n, to assure You of our Sincerity to continue in true F'dship with the Cataw bas. Whatever the Cora'rs tell You, You are to beheve as spoke by myself, and am in hopes You will conclude with them a Treaty of Peace of F'dship, w'ch may continue as long as the Rivers run and Trees grow, w' ch will be confirm' d by me and transmitted to our Father the other side of the Great Water. May You live long and y't we may always act with true F'dship for each other as Bro's, is my sincere Wish. Given, &c., as above, Dec'r 23rd, 1755. In confirmat'n of the above, I give You a Belt of Wampum. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE'S MESSAGE TO THE CHEROKEE IN DIANS. R. D., &c., Tothe Emperor, Old Hop, and the other Sachems and Warriors of the Great Nat'n of the Cherokees, Wishing You Health and Prosperity : This wih be d[elivere]d You by the Hon. P. R. and W. Byrd, Esq'rs, two of His M'y's Counch, who will take You by the Hand. They have undertaken y's long Journey to assure You of the real Love and F'ship Y'r Bro's of y's Dom'n have for You. They have my Cora's to enter into a Treaty of Peace with You to brighten and strengthen the Chain of F'ship y't has so long subsisted between Y'r Bro's, the English, and the brave Chero kees. I desire You wih receive w't they say to You as if spoke to You by rayself I am in hopes the Treaty now propos'd to be made with the above Gent'n in behalf of y's Dom'n in partic ular, and ah y'r Bro's on y's Cont't, will continue as long as the Sun and Moon gives Light. The Fr., by their Emissaries, are DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 301 endeavouring to poison the Minds of our F'dly Ind's, and to withd'w them from Y'r Bro's, the English. I advise You to be on Y'r Guard ag'st them. Y'r Speeches are made up of False hoods and unjust reports. Let none of them remain among You, afid by no means allow them to build any Forts on the River Hegohegee, in the Upper Cherokee Country, for Y'r In- • tent's are with Evil Designs ag'st You and Y'r Bro's, the Eng hsh. The Six Nat's have taken up the Hatchet ag'st the Fr. and Y'r Ind's, and join'd our Forces to the No'w'd with a great No. of their Warriors, and in a Battle with the Fr. we kill'd a great many of Y'r Men and took several of Y'r Gen' Is Pris oners, obtain'g a complete Victory over them, and I hope on occasion You will also be ready and willing to give us Your As sistance. The Treaty now propos'd to be made shall be con firm'd by me and transmitted to our Father, the K. of G. B., &c., the other Side of the Great Water. The Com'rs will de liver You some Powder, Lead and other Goods from Y'r Father and Y'r Bro's of y's Dom'n to convince You of our sincere F'dship to Y'r Nat'n. That You may remain a happy People, and y't true Love may subsist between You and Y'r Bro's, the Eng., till the End of Time, is my sincere Wish. Given, &c., as before, this 23rd Dec'r, 1755- In Confirmat'n of the above I give You a Belt of Wampum. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE'S INSTRUCTIONS TO MESSRS. RANDOLPH AND BYRD. Instructions for Peter Randolph and Wm. Byrd, Esq' rs, ap pointed Com'rs to treat on Behalf of the Colony and Dom'n of Virg' a with the Catawbas and Cherokees. W'msb'g, Dec'r 23d, 1755. I . You shall hold Y'r Selves in readiness to set forw' d to the Place of Treaty pursuant to Y'r Com'o., in Order to arrive at the Catawba and Cherokee Nat's of Ind's with all due Speed, and being there arrived You shall with all proper Dispatch con vene the Chiefs ofthe s'd Nat'ns, and having adjusted the neces sary Forms and Ceremonies, You are at the next Gen'l and 302 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. public Conference to acqu't the Ind's y't You are come pur posely to assure them of the kind and F' dly Dispositions of the Inhabit'ts of y's Colony towards them, as weh as ofthe Care y't has been taken on their part to preserve the most perfect Har- many and Good Understand'g with Y'r antient F'ds of those Nat'ns in particular, and in general with all others with whom they have ever made F'dship and Alliance. You are then to comphm't them on their steady adherence, and to desire ofthem to concur with You is establish' g and perpetuating for ah future Time an imraovable F'dship with Y'r Brethren whom You rep resent. 2. You are then to present my Speech to them, and proceed to acquaint them with the Present You are charg' d with for them, and to enlarge on the Kindness and F'dship it expresses towards them, and y's will lead You to magnify the Grandure and Munificence of the King; after which You are in the most affecting manner to present the Particulars as directed. 3. Having thus, and whatever other Means the Time and Circumstances shall suggest, introduc' d Y'r Selves, to the Favo. of the Ind's, You are to animate them ag'st the unjust Dis turbances given to the Peace of Mankind by the restless and insatiate thirst of Dom'n w'ch is ever actuat'g the Fr. to covet and encroach upon the Possessions of not only the English, but all the Ind'n Nat's in America. To this end You wih acqu't thera with their Breach of Faith and the unprovok'd Rapines and Murders comitted by them on the frontier Inhabitants ofthe Colonies in time of Tranquility and Peace, and let them know they have prevailed on the Shawnesse and Delawares to do Mischief w'n they pretended to be our Friends. After hav'g duly represented these Perfidies and Violences, You are to acqu't them y't the Six Nat's have join'd us ag'st the Fr. to desire Y'r Assistance, and to agree on some Distinct' n or Signal whereby the Catawbas and Cherokees may be distinguish'd from other Ind's w'n they come into our Inhabit's. and to know w't No. of Men they will furnish and when. 4. You are to inforra Y'r Selves particularly w't Ind'n Nat's they can bring into our Ahiance and w't settlem'ts the Fr. have made in their Neighbourhood, their Extent, Strength, and at w't Period of time they were made. And You are to endeavour to make Y'r Selves [sic'] with the Acts DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 303 made use of by the Fr. to alienate the Affections of the Ind's from the English. You are to exhort them not to be drawn away by deceitful, erapty Speeches, the peculiar Talent of y't cunning People, nor to suffer them on any Pretense whatever to erect any Fort in Y'r Co'try. But in every Attempt y't shah be made to shake Y'r Duty to our common Father, let thera consider w't real acts of F'dship have been done them by the English, and w't by the Fr. Let them weigh these Things well in Y'r Minds, and y'n determine who best deserves Y'r Esteem and Regard, for it is not by vain unmean'g Words y't true F'dship is to be discover'd, but by its Effects. 5. Whatever Treaty You shall enter into with either of these Nat's, You are to take special Care to have the same sign'd by all the Chiefs who shall be present at it. 6. If any Thing incidentally occur in the Negotiat'n, not par ticularly taken Notice of by these Instruct's, You are to conduct Y'r Selves in such Manner as the Nature and expediency of the subject. Matter, Time and Place may require, according to the best of Your Discretion. I wish You an agreeable Journey, success in Y'r Negotiat's, and a safe return, and I rem'n, with great Esteem and Regard, Gent., Y'r most h'ble Servant. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COMMISSIONERS RANDOLPH AND BYRD. Messrs. Peter Randolph and Wm. Byrd : Dec'r 23d, 1755. Gent'n: Inclos'd You have Y'r Com'o., my two Speeches to the Catawbas and Cherokees, with some Instruct' ns for You, w'ch are but short, as I have a great Dependence on Y' r known Un derstand'g and Capacity. I think proper to give You a Few Hints w'ch may be of service in Y'r Negotiat's with those Peo ple. You wih first meet with the King and great Men of the Catawbas. After the Council is met and Ceremonies of Recept' n over, You are first to read Y'r Com'o., after y't (as the Custom 304 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. of the Ind's is) You are to teh them their Bro., the Gov'r of Virg'a, is going to speak to them, y'n read my Speech; as they are tedious in their Councils, they probably will require some time to answer it. You are to take all possible care to convince them of our Regard and Love for them. Let Y'r Treaty with them be Offensive and defensive w'ch must be comitted to Writ'g and sign'd by all of the Chiefs present, and the Coun terpart by You in Behalf of y's Colony. Endeav'r to get them to ment'n the No. of Warriors they may agree to Supply us with, and the Place they will march thera in to our Co'try w'n we may have Occasion of their Assistance, and by w't Mes sage we are to give them Notice to come in to join our Forces, and y't we may provide for y'r Recept' n. If they sh'd intiraate any Expectat'n of being p'd for the Men they may send to our Assistance You may come into such Terms [as] You may think reasonable, but if they do not ment'n any Th'g of y't nature You may assure them of being properly taken care of Do all You can to raise y'r resentm't ag'st the Fr. and y'r Ind's, and y't they may discourage and hinder y'r com'g into y'r Nat'n. The Catawbas I hear have long complain'd of being much confin'd by the Enghsh settling on Y'r Land ; y't they wanted to sell their Land and go further to the Westward. If they ment'n any Th'g of y's You may assure them I shah do every Th'g in ray Power with the neighbour'g Gov'rs for y't Service. You wih have occasion to go throw the foremention'd Cereraonies, &c., with the Cherokees, but You are to consider them as a much more nuraerous Nat'n and Y'r Lands very ex tensive. The Fr. have been for many Years endeavour' g to bring them over to Y'r Int't and to build Forts on the River in the Upper Cherokee Co'try, but I hope they have not as yet built it. If they have, endeav'r to prevah with the Ind's to de stroy it, and by no raeans to allow them any Settlem't in Y'r Nat'n, and if possible to hinder any of the Fr. or Y'r Ind's hav'g any Consultat's with them, unless they bring a Certificate or Message by one of the Six Nat's or Y'r Bro's, the Eng.; otherways they wih endeav' r to decieve them. Perswade them to take great Care of the Passes over the Mount' s to the Upper Cherokees to prevent any Surprize. Make an Excuse for not send'g them some Arms; let them know they were not to be had here, but we whl endeav'r to provide some for them. You DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 305 whl find the Traders from So. Caro. will do all they can to har rass You in Y'r Treaty. There is one, Smith, a native of y's Co' try and a Trader frora Cha' s-Town ; he bears a good Character. You raay send for hira; he probably may be of Service to You. Be sure to return the Cherokees hearty thanks for the Men they sent in with Mr. Pearis to our assistance ag'st the Shawnesse. As many Th' gs may occur in the course of Y' r Negotiat' s y' 1 1 cannot foresee, Y'r own good Sense must be Y'r Guide, and I accord ingly refer it entirely to You. The Atto'y-Gen'l brings You the ^5'^jC You wrote for. I ara greatly disappointed in Wampum, hav'g wrote to Colo. Hunter to bring me a qu'ty, but he is not ret'd. I think You wrote me Colo. Easton w'd supply You. He wih let You know the qu'ty necessary. Inclos'd You have Invo. of the Goods for a Pres't, pack'd up and directed for each Nat'n, and I hope if the Weather permits to send them frora y's [place] Monday or Tuesday next for Petersburg. The lo p'ss Dutch Blankets from Mr. TurnbuU are for the Cherokees, and if there be any Th'g want'g have it from him, and desire him [to] send me the Acc't. As the Cherokees, by Report, are ten to one of the Catawbas, I have proportion'd the Powder and Lead accordingly, w'ch You may alter if You see proper. Two Cherokee Boys who were taken Prisoners by the No'ern Ind's were retaken by a Co'y of our Rangers. I order'd them back to y'r Nat'n; pray enquire ab't them. Since writing the above I have a L'r from Mr. Dobbs, Gov'r of No. Caro. He appoints two Com'rs to go the Catawbas and Cherokees. He proposes y'r meeting You at a Place I think he calls Salisbury, w'ch he says is near the Ind'n Road, w'ch Rout he supposes You whl take. I wrote him I believ'd You w'd set out frora y's on the 4th or 6th of Jan'y. Ifl have omitted any Th'g as hints for Y'r Conduct, please send me Word and I shall answer You. That You may have Y'r Health, Success in Y'r Negotiat's, and a safe ret'n, is the sincere Wish of, Gent, Y'r aff. h'ble serv't 306 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO SIR THOMAS ROBINSON.' Dec'r 24th, 1755. R'T Hon.: Inclos'd You have Copy of ray last L'r of the 24th Nov'r, to w'ch please be ref'd. The Neutral Fr. y't were sent here frora N. Scotia give a general Discontent to the People here, as they are bigotted Papists, lazy and of a contentious Be hav' r. As we had very few Roraan Cathohcs here before these People arrived, makes the People here very uneasy in reg'd to their religious Principles, and as much alarm'd for fear of de bauching our Negroes. The Council have agreed to maintain them from the 2s. ^ H'h'd Rev'e tih M'ch, but w'n y't Period comes I dread w't to do, for at present they are very lazy, indo lent People. The Counch desir'd me to write for leave to send 'em for Brit'n, or any other Place H. M'y wih please to direct The Goods for a Pres't for the Catawbas and Cherokees are sent up Ja's River, from whence to be convey'd in Waggons to y't Nat'n. It amo'ts to ;^65o, and the Comiss' rs wih follow the Waggons some time next Mo., w'ch whl be ab't the time they ret'n from Hunt'g. The above is charg' d to the Money I was entrusted with from Home, forthe 2s. ^ H'h'd Revenue is near exhausted. A Nat'n of Ind's, called the Shawnesse, jpin'd with Fr., came into our back Settlem'ts, robb'd and murder'd a great many of our Inhab'ts. I sent to the Cherokees, whh Acc't of y's barbarous treatment of these People, and desir'd they w'd take up the Hatchet ag'st the Fr. and Shawnesse, and [send] some of y'r Warriors to assist me ag'st these perfidious People, w'ch they immediately did by declar' g War ag'st the Fr. and Shawnesse, and propos'd, ifl c'd join these Warriors (sent into our Back Co'try) with some of our People, they w'd march and attack thera in y'r Towns. I approv'd of the Scheme, and or der'd three Compa's of Rangers and one Co'y of our Provin cials to join them imediately, and gave the Com'd of y's Ex pedit'n to Maj'r Andrew Lewis, a Person well acquainted with the Woods and in good Esteem with our People, and I hope Success will attend. The Cha's and Exp's will run high, but if they succeed, I foresee great Advantages to H. M'y's Int't and for the Service of these Colonies, as it probably may reclaim some DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 307 of our Ind's y't have joined the Fr., and I hope y's step will meet with Approbat'n Sir, Agreeable to Y'r Cora'ds to me of the 5th of July, 1754, I here enclose You an Acc't of my Disbursem'ts and Supplies for the Exped' n charg' d to the Mo. and Cr. I rec'd frora You by the above L'r, and as I have manag'd the whole with great Frugality, I hope to meet with Approbat'n, and y't my Acc't will be, after examin'd, allow'd and pass'd. You will please observe the Balla. remain'g in ray Hands is ^4,878. 2. i^., which is occasioned bythe late G'l Braddock's L'r to rae to provide a considerable Sura, w'ch he expect' d he w'd soon have occas'n to call for. That Balla. shall be carried to the Cr. of the subsequent Acc't. There is now due to be p'd out of it. Salt for the Beeves supplied by Gov. Dobbs, by the Gen's Order; Casks to pack it in and sundry other Cha's not yet corae to ray Hands, and the Expence of the Expedit'n ag'st the Shawnesse will be considerable. I have receipts and vouchers for all my Disbursem'ts, w'ch are very bulky, and for fear of Accidents, I retain them, but the Originals or Copies shall be sent, if You desire it. We are extremely backw'd iri raising of Men. I granted Commissions and directed to raise 1,000 Men, but the Officers have not yet been able to recruit half y' t No. Our Peo ple want a martial Spirit, and w't to do for the next Campaign, I know not, for our Militia Law restrains me from marching them out of the Confines of y's Gov't, and with't Forces from Brit'n and good Offi'rs, we shall, I fear, make a bad Figure ag'st the Enemy; however, I writ for H. M'y's Com'ds, and every Th'g in my Power shall be done with alacrity and dili gence. I daily expect L'rs frora G'l Shirley with the Determi nat'n and Result of the Congress at N. York, and w't Plan of Operat's they have fix'd on for the next Year's Campaign. I rem'n, with great Deference and dutiful Respects, R't Hon., Y'r most ob'd't faithful h'ble serv't 308 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR SHARPE. Jan'y 2nd, 1756. Sir: I hope y's wih meet You safe ret'd from N. York. I 'shah be glad to know the Affairs transacted at the Congress there. Since I wrote You, four of the Cherokee Warriors came here professing the great F' dship their Nat'n had to their Bro's the English. I dispatch'd them with new Cloaths and some Pres ents, and sent a Person wilh them to perswade them to take up the Hatchet ag'st the Fr. When they carae to their Nat'n there were some of the Northern Ind's there, sent to advise them to remain silent, and to leave the Eng. and Fr. to fight their own Battles, saying the No'ern Ind's intended to do so; but w'n they were told the contrary and y't the Fr. and their Ind's had committed many Cruelties and Murders on their Bro's the Eng., they imraediately took up the Hatchet ag'st the Fr. and Shaw nesse, and sent us 130 of their Warriors. They propose going to attack the Shawnesse in y'r Towns, w'ch I approved of [and] order'd four Compa's of our Rangers to join them, and sent them Arms, Powder and Shott, and some Match Coats, and I sincerely wish Success to y's Expedit'n, w'ch probably may re claim some of our F'dly Ind's who have join'd the Fr. , and may otherways be of great Service with the Twightwees w'n they see the So'ern Ind's have declar'd in our Favo. I further tho't it absolutely necessary at y's Time to send Com'rs to the Catawbas and Cherokees to confirra thera to our Int' t, and to perswade the former to take up the Hatchet ag'st the Fr. I have prevah'd with two of the Council to go, and I have sent a handsom[e] Pres't to both those Nat's, with Instruct's to enter into a formal Treaty of Peace with them, and to endeavour to get them to ascertain the No. of y'r Warriors they will on occasion supply us with. They sent me in Word they w'd send me 1,000 in the Spring, but till I know the Determinat'n of H. M'y as to Peace or War, and thi I receive his Com'ds, every Thing must rem'n on the Defensive. Inclos'd I send You the Acts pass'd last Ses sions. As they were printed together, I c'd not properly send You the Law on Mutiny and desertion seperate. You wih ob serve it is pretty similar to y't for H. M'y's Forces, andas I DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 309 understand Y'r Assembly was to meet the ist of y's Mo. I hope it may be of use, and I hope You will lay before them the Light Ho. Bih formerly sent You. There has been a Mis understand' g between Ct Dagworthy and Co. Washington ab't Com'd and Rank. The former, I think, has no Foun dat'n for the Dispute, tho'he formerly serv'd under H. M'y's Com'd. Yet, as he is not on the half Pay List, he now serves under Y'r Com'd, and I think it's absurd in him to expect to Com'd the Forces of y's Dominion, or to have rank before Colo. Washington. G'l Shirley writes me You are to accoraraodate y's Dispute, w'ch [I] shall be glad it's iraraediately done, as sorae Inconveniences have already occur'd thereon. Now, Pensylvania are awaken' d frora their Lethargy, and [have] granted 60, ooo ;^. I hope, as Y'r People appear'd pretty rauch directed by their Proceedings, yet they will consider the situat'n of their Affairs from a barbarous Enemy, y't they will strengthen Y'r hands to do w't is absolutely necessary at y's Period, and if Mr. Morris and You plan proper Operat's for the Spring, I shall be glad to concur with You in any Thing for tbe Public Service, and to prevent the Banditti from harrassing our Co'try and murder'g our Fellow Subjects. I think from Home, there are some little Glimerings of Peace; if so, I wish it may be an honourable one, but really, as to my private Opinion, I think it almost impossible. I wish You Health and Success with Y'r Assembly, and I am, Y'r Ex's Most humble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR MORRIS. Jan'y 2nd, 1756. Sir: I congratulate You on Y'r Assembly's being rous'd from y'r Lethargy and y'r voting _;^6o,ooo for [the] service of [the] Expedit'n ag'st the Cora'n Enemy. As You are now enabled, I hope You will plan out operations for next Spring, and I shall be ready to join in any Thing for the Public Service. Some time since the Cherokees sent four of y' r \yarriors to me assuring 310 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. me of y' r Steady F' dship to y'r Bros., the Eng. I sent them from y's with new Cloaths and some Presents ; sent a Person with them, and I represented the cruel Barbarities comitted by the Fr. and Ind's on our back Settlem'ts. W'n they were pro perly convinc'd thereof they took up the Hatchet and declar'd War ag'st the Fr. and Shawnesse and sent in to Augusta County 130 of y'r Warriors to protect our Front's. These People pro posed going to attack the Shawnesse in their Towns, w'ch I ap prov'd of [and] order'd four Companies of our Rangers to join thera, and sent up some Guns, Powder, Lead and Match Coats, and gave direct's for Provis's. I wish Success may attend it as probably it may reclaim sorae of our f'dly Ind's who have join'd the Fr. and encourage the Twightwees to be our F'ds w'n they find the So'ern Ind's are in our Int't. However, I tho't it ab solutely neccessary to send Com'rs to the Catawbas and Chero kees to confirm them to our Int't. Two of the Counch have condescended to go, and with thera [I] have sent a Present to both those Nat's, and desir'd thera to press the Catawbas to take up the Hatchet ag'st the Fr. and their Ind's and y'n to enter into a strict Treaty of Peace, offensive and defensive, with them ; and to endeavor to have them ascertain the No. of War riors they will supply us with when occasion requires. By the last Message they propos'd 1,000 Men, but there wih be more Certainty if included in the Treaty, and if any Thing is to be done in the Spring, I think they will be of very great Service, but must wait with Patience the Deterrainat' s at Home, with Orders how to act. There appears some distant Views of Peace, if so, I wish it raay be an hon'ble one, but in my private Opinion, I think it's very unlikely, after the vast Preparation and Charges the Nat'n has been at, and the Fr. will desire Nothing sooner as It will give them time to concert Measures to oppress these Col onies and to execute their Designs ag'st us y't have been deter min'd for so many Years. We have had an Importat'n of Neutrals from N. Scotia, w'ch is very disagreeable to our People, as they are bigoted Papists; however, we have rec'd them, as we suppose the dispersing of thera to the different Colonies is intended for a general good. We maintain them thi March, after y't they must work for y'r own sustenance. Y'r Mhitia Law is very inconsistent with any Rules for an Army, and I foresee many Inconveniences from it. You probably think as I DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 311 do, that it's something better than none; if Y'r People wih re ciprocate with Spirit, probably w'n join'd with other Forces they may comply and submit to their Regulat's. I send You enclos'd, the Acts pass'd the last Session of our Assembly. The first is a mutiny Bill, pretty similar to that for H. M'y's Forces. I shall be glad [to know] how soon You can inform me of Y'r Intent's in regard to [the] next Campaign. You know the sooner we are in action the better. I wish You Health and Happiness, and ara with great Regard, Sir, Y'r most h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GENERAL SHIRLEY. Jan'ry 2nd, 1756. Sir: Y'r Short L'r of the 4th Ult'o, I duly rec'd, and observe You say Gov'r Sharpe is to write Capt. Dagworthy to remove the Difficulties now subsisting between Washington and him in respect to Rank. I wish it had been done some time since, w'ch w'd have been of great Use in regard to our Forces. I have little to trouble You with till I receive an Answer to my former Let's. But that, Etc.'^ This I tho't my Duty for H. M'y's Service to inform You of, and am in hopes on any Operat's next Year, those People may prove of great Service. I wait with Impatience to know the result of the Congress at N. York, and the Method propos'd for Conduct'g the Operat's of next Year. Our Forces are at F't CumbTd and on our Front's to protect them from the liisults of the barbarous Enemy. They must rem'n on the Defensive thi we hear from Home. There is a Gent, come over here, called Cameron, recommended to You from the Duke of New Castle. He is a Military Man and gladly expects you will give hira a Co'y in the new Regira't to be rais'd. He will soon wait on You and d'r the L'r of Recommendat'n. I sincerely wish You Health to go throw the great Fatigues of '''' Here reference is made to the clause in the preceding letter refer ring to the Commission to the Southern Indians, which clause is repeated. 312 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. Y'r new Appointm' t, and y't God wih please to strengthen Y'r Hands and support Y'r spirits for the Service of our King and these his Dom's, is the Sincere Prayer of Y'r Ex's Most Ob'd't h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR BELCHER. Jan'y 2d, 1756. Sir: Y'rs of the 25th of Nov'r I duly rec'd. And really I think all the Robberies and Murders comitted on our Front's may justly be placed to Co. Dunbar's precipitant March — the road to Ohio open' d, the Regulars all march' d, which occasion'd a gen eral Desert'n of the Provincials. The Consequ'ce thereof we have had Weekly fatal Acc'ts of'^ I tho't it my Duty for H. M'y's Service to give You the above Acc'ts, and if proper Plans are concerted for next Year's Campaign a number of these Peo ple will be of essential Service. I have not yet heard w't was done at the Congress in New York. I hope they have taken the different Affairs into y'r serious Considerat'n, and plan'd Operat's to the No'w'd and So' w'd so as to keep the Enemy at Bay. I wish You long Health, and rem'n, with great Esteem, Y'r Ex's most h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO SIR CHARLES HARDY, GOV ERNOR OF NEW YORK. Jan'y 2d, 1756. Sir: My last to You was the i8th of Oct'r. Since y't the Chero kees." The above I tho't proper to acqu't You thereof I '"Then is inserted the same clause from the letter to Governor Morris as in the immediately preceding letter to General Shirley. "The clause as in the preceding two letters is here inserted. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 313 really think it's forH. M'y's Service to maintain a f'dly Corres pondence with the different Nat's of Ind's. It has always been my view since my arrival here y't in case of any Action these People wih be of great Service. The Forces rais'd in y's Dom'n are at F't CumbTd and to protect our Front's till I receive H. M'y's Com'ds, I hope proper Measures and regular Plans have been concerted at the Congress with You, and y't Y'r Assembly seriously considers the Situat'n of the Colonies. I earnestly wish You Health and a happy Administrat'n. I rem'n, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO WILLIAM ALLEN, ESQ. Jan'y 2d, 1756. Sir: Y'r kind favo. of the 14th Dec'r was forward' d to me by Mr. Osborne. He did not come here himself I was very glad to hear You was in good Health. The Defeat of Gen'l Brad dock was so unexpected y't it appears to me as a Dream. He was often advis'd to be on his guard ag'st Surprize, and I advis'd him to march, the end of May or Beginning of June, with yi or yi of his Train; but he swore he w'd not move with't the whole Artillery. I s'd y't Delay w'd give the Enemy great Opp'ty to reinforce, w'ch was the Case, and the dismal Defeat follow'd. I am sorry for the ill- raanners of Y'r Assembly to the Gov'r. I wish it may be confin'd to Y'r Gov't, though it's a very ill ex ample to the others. I am glad, however, they have rous'd frora their Lethargy, and I hope the Mo. they have voted will qualify Y'r Gov'r to do someth'g in the Spring with Spirit. Y'r Mihtia Law is a Joke on all mhitary Affars; however, w'n Y'r Men are join'd with others it may be expected they will submit to the regular Orders for conduct'g an Expedit'n. I am sorry Mr. Franklin has acted in a Public Manner ag'st the Int't of his Co'try in such dangerous Times. I always had a great Opinion of his Capacity, and hope he will now join in earnest for the De fence of our Co'try ag'st the Comon Enemy. The Cherokees sent in here some of y'r Chief Warriors. I entertain'd them 314 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. well; sent them home with some Presents; sent a Person with thera to represent the barbarous Murders, &c., committed by the Fr. and y'r Ind's on y'r Bro's, the English. It had its pro per Effect, for they took up the Hatchet and declar'd War ag'st the Fr. and Shawnesse, and sent into Augusta Co'ty 130 of y'r Warriors to protect our Front's. These People propos'd march'g to the Shawnesse Town to cut them off. I agreed thereto and order'd four Compa's of our Rangers to join them. I sent them Guns, Powder and Lead, with some Match -Coats. If they suc ceed I think it may be of essential Service, and probably may reclaim many of our Ind's who have join'd the Fr. However, I tho't it necessary to send Com'rs to the Catawbas and Chero kees to prevail on the first to take up the Hatchet ag'st the Fr., &c., and to make a firm Treaty with both, and to endeav'r to get them to ascertain the No. of y' r People they will, on occa sion, supply us with, and w'n they will march into y's Co'try, y't I may be prepar'd to receive them. I am in hopes ye No. whl not be less y'n 1,000. With them and our Provin cials, I think we [can] do a great deal next Year on the Ohio. As to the Creeks, they are above 800 Miles from y's. If the new Gov'r of So. Caro. arrives, we must by him, endeav'r to secure them to our Int't. I must wait H. M'y's Com'ds, and at [the] same time [I] shall be glad to know Y'r Gov'r's In tent's and his Plan of Operat's, and I am heartily glad Mr. Harailton is one of the Com'rs. His good Sense and Love for His Co' try will be of great Service. I do believe there will be an Enquiry in Parliam' t ofthe State ofthe Colonies and Alterat's made in some of Y'r Constitut's, and a general Tax laid for the Defence of the Whole. Colo. Dunbar's Compl't ag'st me gives me not the least Concern. The Affair between us is too long to give You a detail thereof, but w'n he came to F't CumbTd I wrote him a L'r [that] if he w'd raake a second Attempt, I w'd reinforce him with 500 Men. Ifhe c'd not attack F't Dequisne, he raight entrench himself the other Side the Alleghany Mount's, build a Fort, leave six hundred men in it, w'ch w'd have been a good Barrier, and, I think, w'd have prevented all the Rob beries and Murders comitted since y't Time; all w'ch, I think, may be charg'd to him. He answer'd my L'r the ist of Aug. y't next Day he was to march to Y'r Place for Winter Q'rs. and, accordingly, march'd and seem'd to leave us as destitute andas DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 315 much expos' d to the Insults of the Enemy as was in his Power. He march'd with him the three Independ't Compa's [that] H. M'y order'd imediately under ray Cora'd for our Protect'n. The Road to the Ohio laid open, the Regulars all gone, the Pro vincials deserted by numbers. The Conseq'ce of y's unpre cedented Conduct, You and every other Person in the Colonies, too well know. I have compl' d Home ag'st him with't Agra- vat's, sent to the Sec'ry of State an Acc't of the whole with my L'r to him, and his Answers, and I hope the whole whl be properly heard and consider'd. The Reasons for his Clamours ag'st me are with't Foundat'n, and I shah always despise the Man for his pusillanimous Conduct. Excuse the length of y's L'r, w'ch I c'd not curtail. That Health and Happiness may attend You and Yours, is the sincere desire of Sir, Y'r affect'o. F'd and h'ble Serv't. COLONEL WASHINGTON TO GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE.'* Alexandria, Janua'y 13th, 1756. Hon'ble Sir : Maj'r Lewis being at Winchester when Your Letter came to hand, was imediately dispatch'd to Augusta to take upon him the Comand of the Troops destin'd against the Shaw nesse Towns, with Orders to follow such directions as he shou'd receive from You. This scheme, tho' I am apprehensive will prove abortive, as we are told that those Indians are remov'd up the River, into the neighbourhood of Duquisne. I have given all necessary orders for train'g the Men to a proper use of their Arms and the method of Ind'n Fighting, and hope in a ht tle time to make them expert, and I shou'd be glad to have your honour's express Commands, either to prepare for taking the Field or guarding our Frontiers in the Spring — because the steps for these two are very different. I have already built two Forts on Patterson's Creek (which has engag' d the Chief of the ''This letter is signed by Washington, but is in the autograph of his Secretary. 316 dinwiddie papers. Inhabitants to return to their Plant' ns) and have now order'd Capt'n Waggener, with 60 Men, to buhd and Garrison two others (on places I have pick'd out high up) on the South branch, which will be a raeans of securing near 100 Miles of our Frontier, exclusive of the Comand at Fort Dinwiddie, on Jack son's River, and, indeed, without a much greater number of Men than we have a visible prospect of getting, I don't see how it's possible to think of passing the Mountains or acting raore than defensively. This seeras to be the full determination of the Pensylvanians, so that there can be no hope for assistance from that quarter. If we only acted defensively, I wou'd most earn estly recomend the building a strong Fort at some convenient place in Virginia, as that in Maryland, not to say anything of of the situation, which is extreame bad, will ever be an Eye Sore to this Colony, and attended with more Inconveniences than it's possible to enuraerate. One Instance of this I have taken notice of in a letter that accompanys this, and many more I cou'd recite were it necessary. If we take the Field, there is not time to carry on a work of this kind, but shou'd imediately Set about engaging Waggons, Horses, Forage, Pack Saddles, &c. , &c. ; and hear I cannot help remarking that I beleive it will be impossible to get Waggons or Horses suff't with't the old Score is paid off, as the People are really ruin'd for want of their money, and complain justly of their greviences. I represented in my last the Inconveniences of the late Act of Assembly, which obliges us first to send to your honour for a Coraission to hold Gen'l Courts Martial, and then to delay exe cution thi a warr't can be had frora Wihiamsburg, and hope you will take the same into consideration. We have several Deserters now on h'd, which I have taken by vigorous measures, that shou'd be raade exaraples to others, as the practice is continued with greater spirit than ever. Unless Cloathing is soon provided the Men will be unfit for any kind of Service, and I know of no expedient to procure them but by send'g to the Northward, as Cloath cannot be had here. I left, among other returns, an exact acc't ofthe Cloath'g at every place when I was in W'ms- burg. I shan't care to lay in Provisions for more than 1,000 Men unless I have your honour's orders. We have put out such ofthe Beeves as were unfit for Slaughter' g. If they survive the Winter they may be useful in the Summer. Ensign Poison DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 317 hav'g received a Com'n in Colo. Gage's Reg't, makes a vacancy here, which, with your approbation, will be filled by Mr. Dennis McCarty, who you once appointed a Capt'n. He has continued a Volunteer ever since, and has recruited sever' 1 Men into the Service, and I hope your will allow me the liberty, as you once promis'd me, of filling up the vacancys that happen with the volunteers that serve with that expectation. We have several with us that seem to be very deserv'g young Gent'n. I shall observe the strictest Justice in promot' g them according to their merit and time of entering the Service. I have order'd Capt'n Hog to render iraediately a fair acc't to the Cora'y of the raoney sent him. He was order'd to lay in Provis's for only 12 Mo. Capt'n Stewart has recruited his Comp't of Men. I shou'd be glad to know whether he is to compleat his Horse ag'st ye Spring and provide accoutre ments. I have been obhg'd to suspend Ensign DeKeysar for Misbe haviour till your pleasure is known. See ye proceed' gs of ye enquir' g Courts. His Character in raany other respects has been infamous. I have also been oblig'd to threaten, in your name, the new appointed officers with the same Fate if they are not more dihgent in Rec'g ye Companys, as each rec'd his Com' n upon those Terms. Capt'n Mercer comes down for more money and to satisfie how the 10,000 £ has been applied. The Skipper of the Vessel has embezzled some of the Stores, but for want of a particular Invoice of them we can't ascertain the loss. He is kept in confinement thi your pleasure is known. I am, Y'r Hon'rs most Ob't H. S't, G°, Washington. COL. GEORGE WISH INGTON TO GOV. DINWIDDIE. Hon'ble Sir: When I was down, the Comittee, among other Things, resolved that the Maryland and Carohna Companies should not be supported with our Provisions. This Resolve (I think) met with your Approbation, upon which I wrote to Colo. 318 dinwiddie papers. Stephen, desiring him to acquaint Capt. Dagworthy thereof, who paid slight Regard to it, saying it was in the King's Garrison and all the troops had an equal Right to draw Provisions with Us by his Order (as comanding Officer), and that We, after it was put there, had no Power to remove it without his Leave. I should, therefore, be glad of your Honours' s peremptory orders what to do in this Case, as I don't care to act without Instruc tions, lest it should appear to proceed from Pique and Resent ment, as having the Comand disputed. This is one among the numberless Inconveniences of having the Fort in Maryland. Capt. Dagworthy, I dare venture to affirra, is encouraged to say this by Governor Sharpe, who, we know, has wrote to him to keep the Comand. This Capt. Dagworthy aciquainted Colo. Stephen of hiraself As I have not yet heard how General Shirley has answered your hon'r's Request, I fear the Success, especially as it's next to an Impossibility, (as Gov'r Sharpe has been there to plead Capt. Dagworthy' s Cause) by writing, to make the General acquainted with the Nature of the Dispute. The Officers have drawn up a Memorial to be presented to the General, and that it may be properly strengthened, they humbly beg your SoUicitation to have Us (as We have certain Advices that it is in his Power) put upon the Establishment. This wou'd at once put an End to Contention, which is the Root of Evil and destructive to the best of Operations, and turn all our Movements into a free, easy Channel. They have urged it in the warmest Manner to Men to appear personally before the General for this End, which I would, at this disagreeable Season, gladly do. Things being thus circumstanced, if I have your Permission, which I raore freely ask since I have determined to resign a Co- mission which You were generously pleased to offer Me (and for which I shall always retain a grateful sense of the Favour), rather than submit to the Comand of a Person who I think has not such superlative Merit to balance the inequality of Rank, however he adheres to what he calls his Right, and in which I know he is supported by Gov'r Sharpe. He says that he has no Coraission from the Province of Maryland, but acts by virtue of that from the King; that this was the Condition of his engaging in the Maryland Service, and when he was sent up there the first of last October, was ordered by Governor Sharpe and S'r John St. Clair not to give up his Right. To my certain Knowledge his DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 319 Rank was disputed before General Braddock, who gave it in his Favour, and he accordingly took Place of every Captain upon the Expedition except Capt. James Mercer and Capt. Ruther ford, whose Comissions were older than his, so that I should not by any Means choose to act as your Honor hinted in your last, lest I should be called to an Account myself I have, during my Stay above from the ist Dec'r to this, dis posed of all the Men and Officers (that are not recruiting and can be spared from the Fort) in the best Manner I can for the Defence of the Inhabitants, and they will need no further Or ders till I cou'd return, and the recruiting Officers are allowed till the 1st of March to repair to their Rendezvous, which leaves at present nothing to do at the Fort but to train and discipline the Men and prepare and salt the Provisions. For the better perfecting both these I have left full and clear Directions. Be sides, in other Respects, I think my going to the Northward might be of Service, as I should thereby, so far as they thought proper to coraunicate, be acquainted with the Plan of Opera tions, especially the Pennsylvanians, so as to act, as much as the Nature of Things would adrait, in Concert. If you think proper to comply with my Request, I should be glad of any Letters which you think wou'd enforce the Petition to the General or any of the Governors in my Way there. I am Y'r Honour's most Ob't Serv't, G°. Washington. Alexandria, Jan'y 14th, 1756. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO MAJOR ANDREW LEWIS. Jan'ry 15th, 1756. Sir: I rec'd Y'rs of the Sth and am glad You went to the Cher okees to make proper Dispositions for a March, w'ch I hope You have effectuahy done, and the sooner You proceed I think will be for the good of the Expedit'n, to w'ch I sincerely wish Suc cess. Agreeable to Y'r Desire I send You enclos'd w't In struct's I tho't necessary, but in general, a great deal is expect' d 320 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. froYn Y'r Prudence, Good Conduct and Resolut'n. If You have any Opp'ty let me know w'n You raarch, the No. of Y'r Men and Qu'ty of Provis's You carry with You, it is expect'd You may have some Supply of Provis's from the Ind's in hunt'g, but y's Uncertainty is not altogether to be depended on. I can only add (recoraending Unanimity among all the Forces) my sincere Wishes for Your Health and Success. I am, S'r, Y'r most h'ble serv't. P. S. Let the Com'ns be filled up for the Expedit'n if agree- ile to the People You grant them to. able GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE'S INSTRUCTIONS TO MAJOR LEWIS. Instruct' s for Maj'r And'w Lewis, Com'd'r in Chief of the Forces on an Expedit' n ag' st the Shawnesse : Whereas, the Shawnesse have, contrary to their Faith, in a most violent and barbarous manner robbed and murdered many of our Bro. Subjects in our frontier Settlem'ts, It is resolved to attack them in y'r Towns to punish them for y'r Insults and great Barbarities. And by Virtue of the Power invested in me as L't-Gov'r and Com'd'r in Chief of Virg'a, I do appoint You, Maj'r And'w Lewis, to Cora'd the Forces and conduct the neces sary and just Expedit'n. The Cherokee Ind's being sensible of 'the Great Cruelties and Murders coraitted by the Shawnesse ag'st their Bro's, the Eng., have generously sent in a No. of y'r Warriors to join our Forces ag'st those perfidious People, the Shawnesse, and they propos'd march'g to attack them in )''r Towns. I therefore in a particular Manner recomend these Ind's to Y'r Care, that You may shew thera due Respect and y't they may be supplied with all necessaries the same as our own Forces. I have order'd Ct. Hogg, with 40 of his Co'y, to march on y's Expedit'n; a Draught of 60 Men to be made from Ct. Preston's and Ct Smith's Compa's, and y't Ct. Smith have the Com'd of them. Capt. Sam'l Overton, with his Co., I suppose to be 40 Men; Ct Obadiah Woodson, with his Co'y, I hope whl be forty Men more. One Ct. McMett, and some DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 321 Others propos'd some Men on a voluntary Subscript'n. From the foremention'd four Compa's, the Cherokee Ind's and the Volunteers, making in ah 350 Men, I think wih be sufficient for the Expedition; but if You sh'd think more Men necessary I leave it to You. You are imediately to order a proper Place to rendezvous and to collect all Y'r men together to proceed to the Shawnesse Towns with't Loss of Time, as the Season of the Year requires imediate Dispatch. I enclose You 8 blank Com'o's to be fill'd up as You may see necessary. I recomend Mr. Pearis for one, as he had the Trouble of bring'g the Ind's to our Assist'ce. The others You may fill up as occa sion requires, first consult' g with Pearis those People y't may be proper to attend the Ind's. You are to do every Th'g in Y'r power to cultivate Morahty among the Men, and y't they may have Dependence on God, the God of Armies and the Giver of Victory. You may appoint a Comissary to attend You to see Y'r Provis's properly issued, and as Fru gality is absolutely necessary, I think if he has [a] Lieut's Pay [it] wih be sufficient; but y's I must refer to You. The No. of Horses You ment'n for Y'r Provisions and Baggage surpriz'd me and the Council. We do not conceive You can want half y' t No., as we think You cannot be six Weeks on the Expedit'n, and You must consider the Impossibihty of provid' g Fodder and Corn for such a No., and surely every private Man can carry five Days' Allow' ce of Bread kind, w'ch, I think, must be of Wheat or Corn Flour; therefore, it's expected You will take no more Horses than are absolutely necessary. The manner of agreeing for them must also be left to You, and I recomend Frugality. If you are oblig'd to press Horses, I herewith send You a press Warr't; if press'd. You must comply with the Law in hav'g them aprais'd. Co. Stewart, no doubt, must have a Qu'ty of Provis's by him, as he had 200^ from rae besides the Mo[ney] You gave hira. I observe by a L'r frora Ct Hogg he has a large Qu'ty of Beef and Corn, w'ch You must make use of, but in case more is wanted, I send You 200_;^ to be ap plied as You may see proper. I sent up to Ct Smith 150 Smah Arms, 10 b'ls Gun Powder, and 140 Blankets, for the Ind's, w'ch is all I possibly c'd provide here. As to the Security of the Forts, after You march on the Expedit'n, as You are the Com'd'g Officer ofthe Co'ty, You must order some ofthe Mihtia 322 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. to defend them tih Y'r ret'n, w'n You may dispose of Y'r Men as You may see proper. I have sent the Chief Warrior of the Ind's a Com'o., he has the Character of a brave Officer; shew him respect. If any Difficulties unforeseen sh'd occur in Y'r Expedit'n, cah the Officers of the Ind's and Capt's of the dif ferent Compa's to advise with You in such cases. As many Things raay happen y't I cannot give You particular Direct's on, I raust, therefore, refer the Conduct to Y'r prudent Man agem' t, and recomend Frugality. I wish You Health and Suc cess, with a safe return, and am, sincerely, S'r, Y'r most h'ble Serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. Jan'ry 15th, 1756. Sir : I rec'd Y'r L'r of the 27th Dec'r. I ara surptiz'd how You or any other Person conceiv' d Ct. Woodson was to Cora'd in Chief on the Expedit'n ag'st the Shawnesse; it never enter'd into ray Tho'ts. The Com'd is in Maj'r Lewis, who, I hope, will be agreeable to all the Officers and Men, and each Capt. to have the Care of Y'r particular Compa's, and to obey the Di rect's of Maj'r Lewis. Ct. Woodson never spoke any Th'g disrespectful of Mr. Pearis. As to forming the Officers neces sary, it's left to Co. Lewis, and I have sent him blank Com'o's for y't Purpose: You surprize me to say Ct. Woodson's Men consum'd most of the 75 bis. of Corn, w'n You say he has but 25 Men; however, I doubt not You will give a proper Acc't of y's and every Th'g else under Y'r direct' n and Care. I hope You will encourage Y'r People to go with Spirit on y's Expedit'n. I wish I c'd send You Biscuit, but if You consider the Bulk of it and the distance of Carriage at y's Season of the Year, You will agree with me y't it's not to be done; but You must pro vide Corn Meal or Flour, w'ch is the same the Army is supplied with to the No'w'd. I send You by Mr. Huggett 100 £, w'ch, with Y'r former Mo[ney], You must acc't for on Y'r ret'n. No Shoes to be had here, or they sh'd be sent You. I recomend dinwiddie papers. 323 Diligence and Care in y's Expedit'n, t.o entitle You to the Favo. of me and the Co'try, and by all means live with strict F'dship, one with the other. Unanimity of the officers will be a proper Example to the Private Men. I wish You Health and Success in y'r undertak' g, and I rem'n, Sir, Y'r h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO CAPTAIN OBADIAH WOODSON. Jan'ry 15th, 1756. Sir: Y'rs of the Sth I rec'd, and hope y's will raeet You join'd with the Cherokees, and y't Maj'r And'w Lewis, who is to com'd in chief on y's Expedit'n ag'st the Shawnesse, will dis pose ofthe Men and Y'r March y't will be agreeable to You and every Person concern'd. The Weather prevented the Arras, Araunit'n, &c. , from going up so soon as I propos'd, but hope it will be at F't Frederick by the Time You receive y's L'r. I am glad You have provided and sent out the Leggins, &c., y't were wanted for the Ind's, and I expect y't You and all the other Officers will treat them with Civility and good Usage. I have sent Home for Arms for the Ind's, such as they generally have, as none such were to be purchas'd here. I recomend Care and Dihgence, and y't Love and F'ship may subsist be tween You and the rest of the Officers and Men, w' ch will be a great step towards success, and y't the Behav'r of You and the Others may recomend You to my Fav'o and the Reg' d and Es teem of Y'r Co'try. Ct. Overton, I beheve, is on his March to join You. Pray God protect You all, and grant Success to our just and necessary Expedit'n. I rem'n, S'r, Y'r most h'ble serv't. 324 dinwiddie papers. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO MR. RICHARD PEARIS. Jan'ry 15th, 1756. Sir : I rec'd Y'r L'r of the 29th Dec'r. I am glad ray L'r prevented Y'r Com'g here, and I think the sooner the Ex pedit'n ag'st the Shawnesse is undertaken the better. I shall be glad to see the Chief Warrior on his ret'n, and I much hope they will affect what they so earnestly desire — to cut off Y'r Enemies and ours, the Shawnesse. Make a Speech to them; let them know I am greatly pleas'd with Y'r Talk sent me by the Messenger, w' ch I hope to answ' r to them selves in Person. The Com'rs are gone from y's Town to the Catawbas and Cherokees to confirm a strong Treaty of Peace and F'dship between us and them, w'ch I have no reason to doubt they will meet with Success: Y's was long since deter min'd and cannot now be .stopt. I c'd not in y's Co'try pur chase such Guns and Accoutrem'ts as were proper for them, but have sent to Londo. for them, w'ch I expect will corae in the Spring. I have sent 150 Sraall Arras, Powder and Shott, and was oblig'd to disraantle ray own Ho. to furnish them. I know they are too heavy, but I have desired they may have the light est y't are araong our People. I think Ct. Woodson sends up w't is most imediately wanted. I wonder any Person sh'd sug gest y' t C t. Woodson was to Cora' d in Chief ; it never was in my Tho'ts. Maj'r And'w Lewis is to Com'd, and I hope it will be agreeable to every Officer and private Man. I rec'd the Com'o. You ret'd, or do I know w't Com'o. is most suitable to You. I therefore have sent some blank Com'o's to Maj'r Lewis and recomended You in particular to him. Wait on him to re ceive it, and give Y'r Opinion w't other Officers are necessary to go with the Ind's. Co. Stewart writes me he had supplied the Ind's with sorae Beef I now send You 100^, w'ch You wih hereafter acc't for, and after Y'r return frora the Expedit'n Y'r whole Acc't and Cha's whl be properly consider'd and p'd, as also the Men who went with you to the Nat'n. I doubt not Y'r hav'g done, and [that you] whl continue to do, every Th'g in Y'r Power for the Pubhc Service, w'ch wih greatly recomend You to me and the Co'try. I know noth'g of the Boy You re- dinwiddie papers. 325 leas' d from the Shawnesse. If he is of y's Co'try You may let him rem'n at the F't till You ret'n. I send the Chief Warrior my Com'o., and let him know I do it with Pleasure and hope he wih do hon'r to it by defeat'g our Enemys and theirs. I re comend Unanimity and F' ship between You and the Officers and Men, w'ch will be a good Step towards Success in y's necessary and just Expedit'n. I rem'n, S'r, Y'r h'ble serv't P. S. — The sooner You proceed the better. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL WASHINGTON. Jan'ry 23rd, 1756. Sir: Y'r two L'rs of the 13th and 14th I shall answer paragraph- ically The Expedit'n ag'st the Shawnesse, I hope, will be at tended with Success. As two Women who were taken Pris oners and made y'r Escape, ment'n their being in Y'r Towns, and did not hear of Y'r Intent'n of mov'g. You have done very right in ordering the Men to be train'dinthe Ind'n Method of fight'g, but I can give you no express Cora'ds in reg'd to taking the Field; but dur'g Y'r absence order them to be em ploy'd in any Th'g y't may be necessary to keep them from Idleness. I approve of the F'ts You have built, as it encour ages the People to ret'n to y'r Plantat's and will be a protect'n to them. I expect the G'r of Pennsylva' a will send me a Plan of Operat's for next Year for my Approbat'n, and on Y'r ret'n from G'l Shirley, call on him and desire a L'r to me. I wrote him lately, and cannot now write him; therefore Noth'g can be determin'd on before Y'r return. I agree with You we cannot expect Horses, Waggons, &c., till the old score is p'd. I wrote pressingly to G'l Shirley on y't Head, but as yet no answer. If he sh' d give his Orders, there is Money here sufficient to pay thera ah, but as yet I am not furnish'd with their Dem'ds, w'ch they sh'd choose a proper Person to solhcit the Affair for them. I enclose You a Com'o. for call'g a G'l Court martial, drawn up 326 dinwiddie papers. by the Atto. -G'l, agreeable to the Act of Assembly, w'ch You are to fih up the Blanks. As for Cloath'g, You shou'd apply to the Comittee, for You know I do not touch their Mo[ney]; but I expected You w'd have furnish'd me with an Acc't of the Cloath'g issued to the Men by You and Co. Fairfax y't was at Maj'r Carlyle's, &c., y't I may be paid for them, and I doubt not You make the proper Stopages on y's Acc't. Pray send me a particular Acc't of the Cloath'g. I think Provis's for I, ooo Men for one Year is sufficient, and You did well to turn out those Beeves not fit for Slaughter to Graz'g, w'ch may be of great Use the next Summer. I agree to Y'r appoint'g Mr. Dennis McCarty in the room of Mr. Poison, and I shall be glad the Vacancies y' t raay happen to be fill' d up from the Volunteers, giv'g me previous Notice thereof for my Approbat'n. I doubt not Ct Hogg will comply with Y'r Orders to acc't for the Mo[ney] he has rec'd. Co. Stewart, purchas'g his Horses, c&c, must also rem'n till I ret'n. I am fuhy of Opinion I hereby Order Ensign DeKeziar to be dismiss'd the Service. At [the] same time I expect You will give Orders to discourage Gaming, as it vitiates the Mind and occasions Excesses and Quarrels. It was a great Neglect in Mr. Prentis in not send'g You the Particulars sent up in the Sloop. I have now order'd hira to furnish You therewith. Y'rs ofthe 15th gives me a good deal of Concern; it is very just y't the M'yl'd and No. Caro. Forces sh'd furnish Y'r own Provis's, or a particular Acc't kept of the Supplies given them, to raake a proper Charge to each Colony, tho' Ct Dagworthy very unjustiy says they all have an equal right, as it's in the King's Garrison, tho' purchas'd by y's Colony, that F't was built by H. M'y's Money and y's Co'try's, and as a King's Garrison, it is not to be esteera' d the Property ofthe Proprietor of M'yl'd, as H. M'y has an undoubted right to build Forts in any ofthe Colonies, and I order'd it to be built by H. Com'ds. G'l Braddock appointed Co. Innes to be Gov'r, and w'n he left it, he directed Colo. Stephens to Com'd till he ret'd. How Colo. Stephens came to give the Com'd to Ct. Dagworthy, I know not, but y's step is the Original ofthe great Dispute now subsist' g, and I cannot help blaming Stephens for tacitly giv'g up his Com'd given him by Colo. Innes, w'ch he assur'd me w'n here was the Case. As to his detain'g our Pro vis's till he sees proper to deliver them, is inconsistent with dinwiddie papers. 327 Reason and Justice, as we are at the Charge of a Commissary to take Care of them, and the F't judg'd the safest Place to keep them, w'ch You must represent in the strongest Terms w'n You go to G'l Shirley. His Answer to my L'r is y't he left the accomodat'n of y't Affair to Gov'r Sharpe, w'ch was w't I c'd not have expected, as I applied to him as Com'd'r in Chief of the Forces and he knew the Attachment y't Mr. Sharpe had to Ct. Dagworthy, it was giv'g the Power out of his own hands, and no doubt the Gov'r press'd y's Method of adjusting it, w'ch I do not take kind of Mr. Sharpe. I agree to Y'r going to G'l Shirley. You may present the Memo rial from the Officers to him w'ch I have recomended, but I fear Success, because H. M'y sends over Officers to the different Regim'ts y't are to be rais'd, but You ivill know his Sentim'ts thereon, however. I again repeat my desire to him to grant You and the other two field Officers Brevate Com's to put an end to y' s unhappy dispute ; how far he may have Power to put Your Regim't on the Establishm't, I know not, but I have ear nestly applied for brevate Com's from Horae. I wish I may Succeed. You have ray L'r to the G'l with a Detail of the whole Affair, but You will be able to represent it more fully w'n You come to converse with him. I cannot see how Ct. Dag worthy can deduce any Right on his Com'o. from the King, as y't was canceh'd by his receiv'g a Sum of Mo[ney] in lieu of half Pay and y't he now Com'ds a very Small Co'y of Provin cials, himself and them p'd by the Gov'r of M'yl'd. H. M'y's Com'o. takes place of any Gov'r's Cora'o. w'n the Regulars are join'd with the Provincials but y's is not the Case in y's Dispute, w'ch You raust urge to the Gen'l. I have lately wrote to all the Gov'rs and now I have no tirae, or have I any Th'g now to write thera. Deliver my L'r to the Gen'l with Your own Hand and I hope he will comply with my Request. In Y'r ret'n see Gov'r Morris and make Y'r Self Master of w't Plan y't Gent'n Proposes for [the] next Campaign, w'ch will in sorae Measure make rae able to concert a proper Plan for our Forces. You know Dispatch is absolutely necessary. I wish You an agteeable Journey and safe ret'n. I rem'n, Y'r most h'ble serv't. P. S. You did very right to threaten the Oft's in not com- 328 dinwiddie papers. pleating y'r Compa's agreeable to y'r Promises w'n Coraission' d. Let 'em know I am greatly uneasy at y'r Deficiency on y'r En gagem'ts, and now expect by Y'r return they wih have each Co'y compleat. I think it will be proper You do not divulge Y'r Intent's in y's Journey as You pass thro' the different Gov'ts. The Skipper of the Sloop must be sent down Prisoner to be tryed for the Breach of trust and Robbery he has comitted in steal' g sorae of the Goods sent up. Apply to the Magistrate to send him to Prison here under a proper guard. The follow ing is w't I wrote to Gen'l Shirley, y't You may be govern'd thereby in Y'r Applicat'n to him. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GENERAL SHIRLEY. Jan'ry 24th, 1756. Sir : Y'r fav'o of the 30th Dec'r I rec'd, and imediately call'd the Council and laid before them the above L'r, Minutes of the Counch of War, Y'r Proposals in reg'd to the So'ern Ind's and the Propert's of Men for the Crown Point Expedit'n, and I here enclose You Copy of the Minutes of Council thereon, to w'ch I desire to refer You. And I ara hearthy sorry my Opinion must coincide with them as to the No. of Men propos'd as our Quota for Crown Point Expedit'n, as I am very sensible it's not practi cable to raise y't No. in y's Gov't. The Off'rs appointed by me had Orders to raise 1,000 Men. They have been 3 Mo's re cruit'g, and have not rais'd above half y't No., or can I conceive any Method to compleat the Regiment to 1,000. Silver and Gold [is] so very scarce y't I am oblig'd to give my Consent for issuing a Paper Currency, and y's will not pass but among ourselves. It gives me great concern w'n I consider the abso lute Necessity of putt'g the Operat's concerted into Act'n early in the Spring. However, as our Assembly meets in Mar., I shall strenuously apply to them for Y'r aid at y's time, w'ch apears to me the Period for distressing the Enemy and confirm' g his M'y's just Right to the Lands in dispute. I am in hopes of prevah'g with the Catawbas and Cherokees to assist us with dinwiddie papers. 329 some of y'r Warriors. The latter have already taken up the Hatchet, and I have no great doubt but the Catawbas will do the same, hav'g sent two Com'rs frora y's, who are to be joined by two from No. Caro., to go to these two Nat's with a very hand some Pres't. 130 Cherokees, with 250 of our Rangers, are un der Orders to attack the Shawnesse in y'r Towns. These Peo ple have been very troublesome by robb'g and murder'g many of our back Settlers. If such success attends y's Exped' n, I conceive it wih be of great Service in reclaim'g many of our f'dly Ind's from the Fr., and will raise the Spirits of other Ind's to join us w'n they see the So'ern Ind's have taken up the Hatchet. I wish I c'd join You in think'g y's Colony rich or populous, or y't I c'd prevail with them to do at y's Tirae agree able to their abilities, but really we want the martial Spirit the other Colonies to the No'w'd appear to have. I shah exert my utmost Endeav' rs to convince them of the great Usefulness of grant'g proper Supphes. They have lately granted ,^70,000 (w'n our neighbor' g Colonies were wrap'd up in a lethargic Supineness) for the Expedit'n. Gov'r Sharpe has not answer'd Y'r Ex's intent's in remov'g the Dispute between Colo. Wash ington and Ct. Dagworthy. He has order'd him to keep the Com'd of the F't, w'ch he does in an absolute Manner. We have purchas'd and laid in Provis's for 1,000 Men for one Year. As the F't was the raost Safe Place, they were deposited there and a Comissary appointed at the Charge of y's Co'try. He will not allow him to discharge his Duty, but refuses any of the Provis's to be touch'd but by his Orders, and tho' the Provis's are supplied by y's Co'try he insists on a Right to supply his own Men from our Magazine, tho' M'yl'd pays no Part of the Charge. He otherways acts in an arbitrary manner, and insists on his Rank superior to any of our Officers, and he has not above 30 Men w'n Colo. W. has upwards of 500. This F't was built by Virtue of H. M'y's Instruct's to -ne and by my Orders to Co. Ja's Innes, y'n in the Pay of y's Colony, and with a great Charge to y's Co'try. It's true it happens to be in M'yl'd, but I presume H. M'y has a right to build a F't when he pleases in any of His Colonies, and the guns mounted are guns sent by H. M'y for the Service of Virg'a. It cannot reasonably be supposed y't H. M'y intended them for the Proprietor of M'yl'd. G'l B — d — k gave a Com'o to Colo. J. Innes to be Gov'r ofthe F't. 330 dinwiddie papers. His private affairs cahing hira to his Estate in No. Caro., he ap pointed L't-Colo. Stephen to Com'd in his Absence. Capt. D., with his pretended Rank, wrested the Com'd from him with't any rule but his Com'o of Ct. in the Canada Expedit'n, tho' not on the f^ pay List, but rec'd a sum of Mo. in lieu. By his accepting y't Mo. I am Opin'n he revok'd his Com'o. This Aff'r raakes such Noise here y't I tho't it necessary to send Co. W. to You, who can be more particular on the Subject. If I was to call the Assembly now, I know y's Aff'r has rais'd the Rancour of the People so much y't they w'd go into Extreme of Resentm't, and do no business for the Service. I am sorry I have occasion to be so long on y's Aff'r, but as it makes much Noise here, with't You interpose Y'r Autho. I do not know w't wih be the Conseq'ce. As formerly, I desire the Favo. of a Private Com'o. to the Bearer, Co. Washington, and to the other F'd Officers, and y't You w'd please re-instate Co. Stephen in the Com'd of the F't until Gov'r Innes returns. As Com'd'r- in-Chief of the Forces, y's is in Y'r Power only, and with't some Regulat'n in regard to y's unhappy dispute, I shah not be able to do any Th'g with our Assembly. And reahy M'yl'd has be hav'd so very tardy in regard to the Expedit'n y't they have no claim to my favo' rs. I must refer you to Co. W. for any further Particulars. Mr. Stephens, Store-Keeper to Ordnance, says he has Y'r Orders to send the four brass Cannon he bro't in with him to N. York. I desir'd him to suspend Shipping them till I wrote to You. If any Attempt is made ag'st F't Du Quisne next Spring, we have not one F'd Pss. I therefore tho't if appris'd of our want you w' d order those Guns to rem' n for that service and order some Ingineers to attend these Forces, but if you de sire they sh'd be sent to N. York, on receipt of Y'r L'r I shall [give] order to ship them directly. My former L'rs in reg'd to paym't of [the] poor People, who supphed Waggons, Horses, &c., and ab't the So. Caro. Money, remains unanswer'd, w'ch I attribute to the multiplicity of Affairs You have in hand, with't pay'g the poor People's Dem'ds, as above, it whl be im possible to get any Supplies hereafter, w'n wanted, I therefore hope You whl give Y'r Warr't to the Dep'y Pay Master, and his Orders to Co. Hunter will answer, as he has Money\ sufficient here. In y'r (7th) Proposal for Measures to be taken with the Ind's, You say yt the Com'rs sh'd be enabled to prornfee them dinwiddie papers. 331 Eng. Pay and Ind' n Cloaths. From w' t Fund is y' t to be paid ? This occasions my observing, with Submission to You, y't the first Step sh'd be to raise a cert'n Sum of Money from each Col ony to be as a general Treasury for the Whole, and my Opinion y't with't Forces and good Officers from Home we shall not be able to make any good Figure, considering how disunited we are, and I have repeatedly wrote y' s for the Ministry at Horae, and I am of opin'n you will agree with me therein. The Off rs of our Forces have address'd Y'r Ex'y to be bro't on B. Estab lishment and pray' d me to recommend it. As y' s is an affair entirely with You, I can say nothing further y'n y't. You will act agreeable to Y'r Instruct's in y's and every other Affair re lat'g to the great Trust repos'd in you. I forgot to ment'n y't F't CumbTd being a King's Fort, I cannot see y't the Proprie tor's Gov'r can have any Right to appoint a Gov'r, and more so as it has been built by y's Gov't. This Right is in you, and I doubt not you will assume it in order to restore Peace. I am affraid I have trespass' d on Y'r Patience with y's long L'r, but from the different Affairs I c' d not abridge it. With great sin cerity I wish You Health to go thorow the arduous Aff' rs you are engag' d. It will give me infinite Pleasure to keep up a close and strict correspondence with You. On ret'n of the Com'rs I shah send you a true Acc't of Y'r Proceedings and give You proper Informat'n of every Th'g y't may relate to H. M'y's service and be assur'd I rem'n in great Truth, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't h'ble serv't. P. S. — I had no L'rs in y'r Packet for Gov Dobbs, as men tioned in y' rs. We have no Small Arms in our Magazine. I have wrote repeated L'rs Home for a supply, but have no An swer. I wish You c'd supply us with some. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO OLIVER DeLANCEY. Jan'y 24th, 1756. Sir: I hope y's will be d'd You by Co. Washington, who has some Business y't calls him to Gen'l Shirley. Give me Leave 332 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. to recommend him to Y'r usual Civhities. I wrote Co[lonel] Gage some time ago to pay You £i/^. 17. 6., being due for four Deserters belong'g to Co. Dunbar's Regiment. They were sent from England and kept in the Prison 106 Days, tih I had Or ders to send them to N. York. I doubt not, if he has not forgot. He whl receive Colo. Dunbar's and pay You the whole. I rem'n> with kind Respects, S'r, Y'r ob'd't h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO JAMES ABERCROMBY. Jan'y 30th, 1756. Sir: Y'rs of the 2nd Nov'r I have just rec'd, and the former L' rs I acknowledg' d the receipt of in my last. I observe w' t You write y't the Small Arms, &c., are to be deposited in Bos ton; y't on Applicat'n from the Colonies to the So' w'd they are to be supplied from thence. W'th Subraiss'n to the Ministry, I think y's a wrong Step, for we c'd have them sooner here from Londo. than from Boston. As to the Blank Cora'o's I so earn estly desired, if sent to the Gen'l it's natural he will prefer his own friends; but y's inter nos. There is an unhappy Misunder standing, I hear, between Gen'l Shirley and Johnson, w'ch at y's Tirae is very unlucky, as the latter has very great Int't araong the Six Nat's, and, indeed, in my private Opin'n, with't Officers and Men frora Horae we shall not be able to conduct the Expedit' n with proper Spirit, for my Orders have been out these four Mo's to raise 1,000 Men, and they have not recruited half of y't No. Our People want a raartial Spirit. The Fr. , by be ing so tacit in regard to the Captures taken by our Ships of War, must have sorae grand Project in View. I pray God dis appoint Y'r wicked Intent's, and prosper our Arms, y't have hitherto been conducted with universal applause to the Nat'n. I fear the foreign Subsidies wih be a bone of Content'n in Par liam' t. I cannot at y's Distance give ray Opinion thereon, but I wish all rancours and Parties raay subside in Y'r House, and y't they may agree to do every Th'g for the Service of the DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 333 Nat'n with Spirit. I sent to Sir T. Robinson, by way of N. York, my Acc't of Disbursem'ts and Supplies on the Expedit'n, and a Copy thereof goes by y's Opp'ty. Call at the Sec'ry's office and know how it is rec'd, as ray managem' t has been with Care and frugality. I doubt not it whl be approv'd of I have the Vouchers and Receipts by me. If wanted, shall send Copies. Two Com'rs are gone from y's to the Catawbas and Cherokees to establish a firm Peace with those two Nat's. A Party of 130 Cherokees and 220 of our Rangers are gone to attack the Shaw nesse in y'r Towns. If they succeed it will be of great Service, for the Shawnesse were the Indians y't comitted monstrous and barbarous Murders in our Back Co'try. I shall be glad [if] You got the Act recoramended to You confirm'd, as my Sec'ry is a Party concern' d in it. I am heartily sorry for poor Vanderd. I suppose his extravagant living bro't him to y's malancholy Situ at'n. I am oblig'd to send y's 36 Miles; the Ship sail[s] To-mor row, [so] y't I have not tirae to add but that I ara, S'r, Y'r most h'ble Serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR DOBBS. Feb'y 5th, 1756. Sir: Y'r two L'rs of the 13th and iSth of Dec'r I have rec'd. I have accepted Y'r Bill on me to Co. Hunter for the Beeves. They came rauch dearer than those purchas'd at Winchester at the same time; but as those You sent were by Gen'l Braddock's Order, I shall pay for thera, and charge it to the English Acc't of the Money sent me. Our People complain y't Y'r Co'y is maintain'd from y'r Provis's. Please give some Orders on y's Affair. The Cloath'g for Y'r Men Amo'ts to ^156 y's Mo.; w'ch I shah discount with Colo. Hunter. I have no Acc't of the 200 Steers. I advanc' d the driver some Mo' y on y' t Ace' t, and hear he sold some of them. The driness of the Weather hurt them in driv'g. Many of them died, and many [were] not fit to be Slaughter' d. I forwarded Lieut. McManis's L'r, but I think it did not reach him; however, he is with You long before y's. 334 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. The Commissioners for the Catawbas and Cherokees left last Week. The Weather and an accident attend'g the Boat y't carried the Pres't up Ja's river, detained them a long Time, but I hope they will meet Y'r Com'rs on the Road. I am glad the Step I took in send'g the Com'rs meets with Y'r approbation, and I hope it will effectually engage those People in our Int't I shall be very glad to hear of Mr. Littieton's arrival at his Gov't. The Forces appointed on the Expedit'n ag'st the Shawnesse are all ready, and under Orders to march. I wish them, the desired Success. The Duke of New Castle reraains at the head of the Treasury. The Ministry have a very great superiority in the Ho. of Commons, so y't the foreign Subsidies, I believe, will be granted. You coraplain of my advising You to send Pork to raise Mo. for payment of Your People. I did not then, nor do I now, know w't else You cou'd send here to raise the Mo. I ara sorry for any Loss attending, but You are now sufficiently acquainted what you raay think raost suitable for y't purpose. It was not my request, but Advice, y't Pork was sent here. Gen'l Shirley has sent me the Minutes of the Congress at N. York, and writes me he has wrote You, and no doubt sent You a Copy of Y'r Proceedings. He says they ex pect 1,750 Men from y's Colony to join the Forces destin'd ag'st Crown Point, besides those to be rais'd for the Ohio Expedit'n; w' ch is impracticable to be done here, for the officers I appointed to raise 1,000 Men have been four Mo's recruit'g, and have not rais'd above 'yi of y't No. I sent him my Opinion y't if Pen sylva'a, MyTd, Virg'a and No. Carolina rais'd sufficient forthe Expedit'n to the Ohio, with a No. of the So'ern Ind's, was as much as I conceiv'd they really c'd do, and in y't case a good Officer to com'd the whole, with sorae Ingineers, was absolutely necessary and much wanted. I sent Y'r L'r by Port to Gov'r Morris. Inclos'd I trouble You with an Affair of one Mr. Fisher's of y's Place, a poor, but very honest Man. He was robb'd in MyTd, and he says the Robber has taken sanctuary in y't Colony. His Watch is found, and he believes the Robber sold it to one Geraldus O'Brien. This I take to be only a Surmise; however. Sir, the poor Man says he is acquainted with several of Y'r Friends, and doubts not You will be so kind as to cause some Enquiry to be made about it, and beg'd me to write You on the Head. I refer You to the DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 335 enclos'd Papers, and if any Th'g can be recover'd, it will be a charitable Act. You whl excuse my giving You y's Trouble. An unhappy Dispute subsists in Fort CumbTd between Ct. Dagworthy, who com'ds a smah Co'y frora M'yl'd and Colo. Washington. The former claims the Cora'd in Chief by Virtue of a Com'o. he formerly had from the King on the Canada Expe dit'n. He is not on the half-Pay List, but rec'd a Pss. of Mo. in heu thereof Washington refuses to act, and Dagworthy keeps possession of the Fort and whl allow no Provis's or any Th'g else to be taken thence but by his Orders, tho' the Provis's are actuahy purchas'd by this Co'try. To prevent higher Ani mosity, I have sent Colo. Washington to the Gen'l, y't by his Autho'y he may regulate y's ih-tim'd Dispute ab't Rank. Y's w'd have been partly prevented if Colo. Innes had been at the Fort. I wish you to write him on the Subject. We have had 1 1 50 neutral French imported here from N. Scotia, w'ch gives great Uneasiness to our People. We raaintain thera till the ist Mar. but w't to do with thera at y't tirae I cannot say, as they are very sickly and Lazy ; cannot be prevail' d on to work. Inclos'd I send You the King's Speech, Addresses of both the Houses, which gives me Pleasure to think they will agree in support' g H. M'y's Measures and defeat the Expecta' s of the Fr. Court, who hop'd the Contrary. I shall be glad to hear You are in an establish'd State of Health, for w' ch we all sincerely join in our good Wishes. I am in great Truth, Y'r Ex's most h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO LIEUTENANT WM. FLEMING.'" Feb'ry 6th, 1756. Sir.- Y'rs of the 17th Jan'ry I have before me. W't You have done by Orders from Colo. Washington You will be supported " Wm. Fleming, a native of Scotland, migrated to Virginia in early manhood. He is said to have been of noble descent. He acted as surgeon for the Virginia troops, with the rank as above. He settled, in 336 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. in, and I shall shew You all the Favo. in Justice in my Power. I refer You to Dr. Gilmer,*" who writes You by y's Express, and sends You Medicines, w'ch I hope wih be sufficient for y's Ex pedit'n; and as You act as Surgeon You must be p'd for y't extra Trouble. I hope Unanimity and good Understand'g wih prevah among the Men, and shew proper Regard to the Chero kees. That Success may attend y's Expedit'n is the sincere Wish of, S'r, Y'r h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO MAJOR LEWIS. Feb'ry 6th, 1756. Sir: I rec'd Y'r L'r from Y'r Bro. unsign'd, but by the Sub stance I believe it is from You. I have no doubt of Y'r con duct'g the Expedition ag'st the Shawnesse with proper Spirit, but I was in hopes before y's You had begun Y'r March. I 1760, in what is now Botetourt county, taking up extensive tracts of land. In 1774 he raised a regiment, which he commanded at the battle of Point Pleasant. He was long'a member of the House of Burgesses. Being the only member of the Council at Richmond in June, 1781, the remain ing members with Governor Jefferson and the Legislature having fled before the invasion of the traitor Arnold, Colonel Fleming was for a time the acting Governor of Virginia. His acts were subsequently le galized by the Assembly. He married and left issue. One of his daughters married the Rev. Geo. A. Baxter, D. D., rector in 1798 of Liberty Hall Academy, and a member of its faculty ; minister of New Monmouth and Lexington churches, and in 1S31 Professor of Theology in Union Theological Seminary. *Dr. George Gilmer, a native of Scotland, (died January 15, 1757), physician, surgeon and apothecary of Williamsburg, and for some time its Mayor ; thrice married : first. Miss Rid.gway, of London — no issue; second, Mary Peachy Walker, sister of Dr. Thomas Walker; third, Harrison, sister of Hon. John Blair. From his sons. Peachy Ridg- way, and George, by the second marriage, and from William, by the third, have descended the distinguished family of the name in Virginia and the Southern States. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 337 think Ct. Woodson carried up some Cloath'g for the use ofthe Expedit'n. I wish You had Sent to Winchester, where Colo. Washington c'd have supphed You with a few Tents ready made. I sent him 102, and it's difficult to get any here, the Ships from Eng. not being come in. You must take w't Ct. Hogg has and make the best shift You possibly can, as it is now full time y't You sh'd proceed. I pray God protect You and grant You Success. The Bearer brings up Medicines, w'ch I expect will be sufficient. As to Preston's going, I leave it to You; but pray use all possible Frugality. I am glad the Chero kees are in so high Spirits. I c'd not send them Presents now for the above Reason. I desire You wih particularly shew pro per Regard and Respect to the Head Warrior, and take care Mr. Pearis behaves well and keeps sober. The Distance by Evans's Map is not 200 Miles to the Upper Town of the Shaw nesse; however, w'n once began Your March, I hope every Thing will prove easy and agreeable. I have no further Orders than desir' g You to keep up good Discipline and Y'r People in good Morality, forbiding Swear' g and all other Vices, and put Y'r Trust in God, the Protect' r and Disposer of ah things. I rem'n, with Regard, S'r, Y'r h'ble serv't P. S. — Prav remember me to the Cheifs of the Cherokees. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO LIEUTENANT JAMES McNEILL. Feb'y i6th, 1756. Sir : Y'rs ofthe 26th Jan'ry I rec'd, and approved of y'r Con duct in reg'd to the two Ind'n boys, and their Thankfulness in reg'd to w't was done to the Boys. Shew great reg'd to y'r Chief Warrior, as he may be of great service now and here after. I have p'd y'r Acc't to Mr. Alex'r Wright. I hope y'r Conduct on y's Expedit'n wih recom' d you tothe Co'try and me. I wish you Health, and y't success may attend our Arms is the sincere wish of Sir, Y'r h'ble serv't. 22 338 dinwiddie papers. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO MR. JOHN MITCHELL. Feb'y 23rd, 1756. Sir: Y'r L'r of the iSth Apr. I rec'd with the Maps. Those in Books are d'd to y'r f'd, the Atto. -Gen'l, who no doubt writes you thereon. The Map appears to me to be the best we have. The People here say you have not laid down the count' y in y's Dora'n properly, tho' I think y't Mistake very trivial, and I hope every Person will support H. M'y's Rights to the interior Parts of Araer'a, frora the No. to the So. Sea, agreeable to former Grants and Patents. We rem'n in a state of Uncertainty in reg'd to Peace or War, tho' we mayjustly say the Colonies are in a State of War, and many Robberies and Murders have been Comitted on the Front's of most of our Colonies. The precipit'e March of Col. Dunbar encourag'd the Enemy, with y'r Ind's, to come over the Mount's, and they have done much Mis chief I shall be glad to hear frora You, with any views You have ; none here y't's agreeable. I rem'n. With Respect, Sir, Y'r h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE LORDS OF TRADE. Feb'y 23rd, 1756. R't Hon : I have the Hon'r of y'r L'ds' Com'ds, signified to me by y'r Sec'ry, Mr. Pownal, in two L'rs, ofthe i6th of July and 19th of Sept'r. These two L'rs did not corae to my Hand tih the 1 2th of Dec'r last, otherwise [I] sh'd have answer'd thera be fore y's, and y's is the first Conveyance y't has offer'd. The defenceless state of the No'ern Colonies and the irregular Man- agem't of Ind'n Affairs are the two Points recom'ded in Y'r L'r of 1 6th of July, and, and I shall esteem myself extremely For tunate sh'd I suggest any Th'g to you for the Welfare of the Colonies and the Itit't of G. Britain. In discussing of these Points I must confine myself pretty much to the Situat'n and DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 339 Circumstances of y's Dom'n. As Virg'a is suppos'd to include all the Lands on the Westw'd of the Ahegany Mount's, from the No' ern Boundary of Carohna to the So' ern limits of Canada, it will be difficult to ascertain w't Forts it may be necessary to erect, but allow'g the Lands y't are ceded to the Crown of G't Britain by the Treaty of Utrecht, and if we sh'd succeed in driving- the Fr. frora y'r unjust Encroachm'ts, I ara h'bly of Opin'n the fohow'g Forts will be absolutely necessary, as I sh'd gladly re- comm' d the buhd'g of Forts at the Extremes of the Lands that I think are indisputably the Right of the Crown of Britain : Fort Frederick, or Crown Point 40 Guns, 500 Men Catarague 10 " 300 " Oswego 20 " 300 " Niagara 20 " 200 " Strait or River runing from Lake Huron to Lake Erie 10 " 100 " Miami, to protect the Twightwee Indians 10 " 100 " Oubatch River 10 " 50 " Monongahela 10 " 100 " Upper Cherokees 10 " 100 " Chickesaw Country 10 " 50 " Creeks 10 " 50 " The Ind's near to the above Places have been in the British Int't, tho' lately, by the Insinuat'n and Flatterries of the Fr., some of them have deserted our Int't, but [I] am convinc'd they may easily be regain' d, and many of them will assist in buhd'g the Forts. If Y'r Lordships sh'd think them proper, and I w'd recomend each Fort to have two Blacksmiths to mend the Guns ofthe Indians, &c , and a School Master to teach the Chhdren Eng. and Morality, and to give them a true Notion of the Supreme God. And I w'd further h'bly recoraend, if the above Forts sh'd be agreed on, that all the unhappy Wretches y't may hereafter be condemned to Transportat' n may be sent to these Forts to serve the Time limited by their sentence, to do Labor there, and at the expirat'n of y'r Time, they may have granted to each a smah Qu'ty of Land, w'ch in time may help to settle y't Co'try. As to the managem't of Ind'n Affairs, tih lately the People of y's Province have had very httle intercourse with, and I fear have always had too despicable an Opin'n of them; but since our Attempts to ascertain H. M'y' s Rights, and to set- 340 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. tie the Lands on the River Ohio, it appears to me y't our dif ference with the Ind's, or rather y'r want of Faith in Us, is chiefly owing to the Traders among them, who are the raost abandon' d Wretches in the World, and, in respect to Society, as uncivilized as the Ind's theraselves, and less to be trusted in reg'd to Truth and Probity. And it raay be justly imputed to these Traders y't we have been obstructed by the Fr. in settl'g the Lands on the Ohio, as I am credibly inform'd they commu nicated to the Enemy every Operat'n that was undertaken. I therefore think it will be of essential service y't Coramissioners be appointed in each Colony to look into the Ind'n Trade, with a License frora the Gov'r, and Security given by each Trader, and y't they may be restrain'd from carry'g any Qu'ty of Spirit uous Liquors y'n y't agreed on by the Gov r and Comissioners, and that Prices may be affix'd on each species of Goods they carry to the Ind's, to prevent cheating of thera ; that the Com'rs make a Report to the Gov'r every Six Mo's of the State of the Ind'n Affairs and Trade, the Gov'rs to transmit the same to Y'r L'd'ps, with their Observat's thereon. The Colonies must be very sensible of the great Expence their Mother Co'try has been at to protect and defend them. The staple of y's Co'try being Tobacco, has sold so low at Home y't it hardly produces sufficient to maintain the Planter's Famhies. To raise Funds here as per manent to pay the great Exp's y't must attend the foremention'd proposals, w'd be too precarious for the Favour of the Crown to be left to the different Assembhes ; therefore, if the Brirish Parliam't sh'd think fit to interfere, and as the Affairs here offer'd are entirely for the protect'n of Y'r Estates, Lives, and every Thing else dear to Mankind, I shah h'bly and -with great Submiss'n give my Opin'n w't I think most eligible at this pre carious Period. I first propose a Poll Tax of Twelve Pence Ster. for two Years, w'ch, I concieve, may be sufficient to erect the Forts, and for a permanent Tax, I think two shill' gs Ster. on each loo Acres of Land may be sufficient for the Annual Ex- pence. This I propose as the most equal, as it wih be chiefly paid by People of the greatest Property and great Land Holders. In y's Colony they pay to H. M'y 2s. ^ loo Acres, Quit Rent. Two Shihings more, as proposed above, will not be one half penny ^ Acre, a very small Modicum if compared to the Land Tax p'd in Engl'd. But, my Lords, if these Taxes sh'd be ap- DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 341 prov'd of by H. M'y and Ministry, I h'bly propose both Taxes to be general thro' all the Colonies, the King's Proprietary and Charter Gov'ts. I know our People wih be inflam' d if they hear of my making y's Proposal, as they are averse to all Taxes, butin my Duty, and in Obedience to Your Com'ds, I cannot but think it is the most eligible, and will remain as long the Land, but as before, if not done by a British Parhament, I may venture to affirra no Gov'rs on y's Cont't wih be able to prevail with Y'r Assemblies to pass Laws for the above Purpose. A Calculat'n ofthe above Tax — the Poll Tax — allow'g 1,000,000 of People in the different Colonies (but I believe there are many more), a Million will produce ;^50,ooo '^ Ann. The Land Tax I cannot properly Compute, but in y's Dom'n it whl produce ^6,000 '^ Ann., which I do not think is one-tenth part ofthe Whole Colo nies, but from y't Calculat'n it will yield ^60,000 ^ Ann., w'ch I conceive will pay the annual Expences attend'g the different Forts to be constructed as before mention'd. I propose a Rec'r of these Taxes in each Gov't, to be appointed by the Gov'rs of the Provinces, the Sheriff of each Co'ty to collect it from the People, and they to pay it to the Rec'r. And I think a Rec'r- Gen'l sh'd be appointed at Home, giv'g good and sufficient Security, and to be Order'd to settle in the raost centrecal Place, and y't the whole Receipts frora the different Gov'ts be p'd to hira, and he is to issue the same as wanted for Paym't ofthe dif ferent Expences, &c. ; and y't he be instructed once a year to transmit his Acc'ts Home, with proper Receipts and Vouchers. This will be attended with very great Trouble, therefore two Clerks will be necessary to assist hira. His appointm' t must be fix'd at Horae. There is an Affair occurs to me y't will make some Difficulties in rais'g the above Taxes, w'ch is the great Scarcity of Silver and Gold. As Provis's of all kinds will be wanted, those Colonies y't cannot pay in Money may they not supply Provis's in lieu of Cash? and to be Charg'd at the Curr't Price they are sold for? But y's I submit to Y'r Superior Judgem't, or if tho't proper y't Money sh'd be coin'd at home for Payra' t of all the Officers, Civil and Mihtary, to be sent annually to the different Colonies, y't the Money so coin'd raay be with Inscriptions as may be tho't proper to distinguish it from Amer ican Curr' cy. This the French have practiced for many years. The Gov't may save 5 fi Ct on the Coinage, and be at no more 342 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. charge y'n at pres't in pay'g the Salaries, &c., at Home, and the Advantage the Colonies w'd reap is plain, by hav'g somuch Money sent over to them annuahy, and qualifie them to pay the above Taxes in Cash, and in a few Years w' d put an end to all paper Curr'cy, so much coraplain'd of by the merch'ts at horae and the subjects, or can I see y't there is much Risque in send'g the Money, as any of the Station Ships here of War raay be or der'd to bring it out, but y's is h'bly subraitted to You. Y'r L'r of the 19th Sept'r is confin'd to y's Colony. In answer thereto, I beg Leave to inform Y'r L'd'ps y't there are three Forts in y's Dom'n, one cah'd F't George, at the Mouth of Jaraes River, where I went to view it. It was built on a Sandy Bank ; no care to drive Piles to make a Foundat'n ; the Sea and Wind beating ag'st it has quite undermin'd it and disraantled all the Guns, w'ch now lie buried in the Sand. There was mounted on y's Fort ten twenty-four- Pounders, six twelve- Pounders and four nine-Pounders, all Honey-Comb and fit for no Service. They were sent in here by Queen Elizabeth and King Charles. They have always been expos'd to the Weather y't they are fit for no Service. The other two Forts are on York River, one at the Town of York, had mounted 4 Guns of iS and 9-P'rs, 10 Small G of ^ shot, but the large Guns are all Honey- Comb and not fit for Service. The other Fort at Glou cester, on the same River, had 15 Guns of 18, 12 and 6-Pound- ers, mounted, but like the others, not fit for service. These three Places are very proper for F"orts as they are at the En trance of [the] two gratest Rivers, of most Conseq'ce in y's Col ony. The Batteries are in most ruinous Condit'n, tho' consid erable Sums have been laid out upon them, yet for want of a skillful Ingineer to direct the Construct' n, particu larly in raak'g a good Foundat'n, the Tides and Weather have undermin'd the Walls. I am rauch of Opin'n y't an Ingi neer to be sent out to oversee and direct the building these Forts, and proper Guns to be mounted thereon, is absolutely necessary for the safety of y's Dom'n, but we have no Money to answer these useful and necessary Services. The Fund of 2s. f^ H'h'd on Tob'o, appropriated for the ordinary and extraordinary Con tingencies of Gov't, hath been so effectually exhausted since our Dispute with the Fr. and their Ind's y't there will scarcely be sufficient in the Rec'r-GenTs Hands in Apr. next to answerthe DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 343 ordinary and unavoidable Expences of the Co'try, and I am convinc'd the Assembly will not vote any Money for y's neces sary Service. Some time after my arrival an Act pass' d the Assembly here for erect'g a Light House in Cape Henry; the entrance to all Vessells from the Sea to y's Colony or to M'yTd, at w'ch Places I propos'd buhd'g a Fort. A 24-lb. Shott wih com'd the whole Channel, but y's Act did not meet with H. M'y's Approbat'n; but I beg Leave to recomend it to Y'r L'd'ps to lay it before H. M'y for his Sanction. Our Frontiers to the Westw'd are 300 Miles from No. to So., and it's 200 Miles from our Westermost Settlem'ts to any part of the Colony that's tolerably Peopled; therefore the Militia c'd not march such Distances in proper Time to assist the Back Inhabit's ag'st any sudden Incur sions of the Enemy. I am, therefore, of Opinion y't Forts sh'd be built along the Ridge of the Allegany Mount's at those Passes throw w'ch the Co'try is accessible. These Forts to be garrisoned with Soldiers, who raay be of great use in assisting the People to repell the Force of the unjust In vaders, and while the Militia were engag'd in any Place of danger the Women and Children may repair to these Forts for Security; but, in ray Opinion, I think it will be impossible to defend our People from the Cruelties of the barbarous Enemy so long as the Fr. keep Possess'n of H. M'y's Lands on the Ohio, and with't they are oblig'd to give up the Lands they have so unjustly usurp' d, y's Co'try, as weh as many Provinces to the No'w'd, instead of being enlarg'd, will be greatly contracted in y'r Liraits. But sh'd Y'r L'd'ps think proper to advise H. M'y to estabhsh another Colony to the Westw'd of the Allegany Mount's, with such Indulgences in Matter of Rehgion and such Privheges and Encouragera't in other Matters as may be tho't expedient to induce foreign Protestants and others of H. M'y's Subjects to come over to settle these Lands, it w' d make a se cure Barrier to the Colonies on y's side of the Mount's, and the only Method y't has occur'd to me effectually to settle y't Co'try, w'ch I h'bly submit to Y'r Superior Judgem't. If it sh'd be tho't proper and determin'd on with You to re build Fort George, at the Mouth of Ja's River, 25 Guns of 24 P'rs will be necessary; 15 Guns of 18 P'rs for York Battery and twelve Guns of 18 P'rs to Gloucester, with some Gunners and 344 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. Matrosses for each and an Ingineer to direct the Construct' n of the Batteries, and I shah order some of the nighest Militia to do duty at the different Forts to learn to raanage the Cannon on oc casion. And, if tho't proper, w'ch I conceive absolutely useful, to buhd a Fort at Cape Henry, twenty guns of 24-P'rs will be right to mount there, with Powder and Shott proportionable. This wih be very expensive, but in obedience to Y'r Com'ds I c'd not omit giving You my Opinion thereon. H. M'y some time since order'd 30 Cannon of four- P'rs out here. Ten of them are mounted at F't CumbTd, w'ch Fort is constructed in M'yl'd, join'g to y's Province, but as it is a King's Fort, it matters not in w'ch Province; the Place it is erected on being judg'd more suitable than any other. Ten more of those Guns, by Order of Gen'l Braddock were sent to be mounted on the Fort at the Ohio, if he had taken it They now lie at Rock Creek, the head of Potoraack River, ready on occasion. The other ten remain at Hampton, the Mouth of Jaraes River, and if tho't proper, those Guns raay be for the Forts propos'd to be erected on the Passes over the Allegany Mount's. The Stores in the Magazine of y's Gov't are as fol lows: 520 whole B'ls and 180 half B'ls of Gun Powder; 17 Caggs of Shott, about 30 lb. weight; 8 Sraah Caggs of Flints; 28 Hal berts and 12 Druras; no Sraall Arms, having sent Gen'l Brad dock 400, and N. York and the Jersies 1300, and 800 to the Soldiers now in the pay of y's Colony. On ray arrival at my Gov't, I found file Mhitia in very bad Order, I therefore ap pointed four Adjutants to four different Districts of the Co'try to teach the Officers their Duty and train the Private Men to the Use of Arms. The returns of these Adjutants do not make the Militia above 36,000, but please to consider Justices of the Peace, Judges, Coroners, Superannuated Men, Overseers and Millars are exempted by Act of Assembly frora appear' g under Arms at the County Musters. These added together whl amo. to 6,000. The Militia [are] not above one-half arm'd, and their Small Arras [of] different Bores [making it] verj- in convenient in time of Action. I have endeavour'd with our Assembly to vote a Gen' 1 Tax to purchase Arms all of one Bore for the Militia, to be lodged in Magazines in each Co'ty, and to be d'd out as Occasion raay call for it, tak'g the Names of the different People they may be d'd to. As yet I have not pre- DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 345 vah'd with them, but shah again attempt it. As to the No. of the Inhabitants, Whites and Blacks, in y's Colony, I enclose You an exact Acc't of Tithables in each County, with my Re marks thereon. You wih please observe from my Calculat's, there are 43,329 White Tithables, w'ch raultiplied by four, makes 173,316 White Persons in y's Colony, and of Negroes, or black Tithables, 60,078. The young Negroes are computed of equal number, so y't there are 120,156 Negroes in the Pro vince. Whites and Blacks are, together, 293,472, which is the whole No. of People in y's Dom'n, and I think the Calculat'n is as near to Truth as possible. My Lords, I have answer'd Y'r two L'rs as fully as is in my Power, and it will give me great Pleasure and Satisfact'n if it meets with Y'r Approbat'n. From the No. of our Inhabit'ts it may be suggested y't we may easily raise a pretty little Army, but the Case is otherways, for most of the People are Free holders, in course have votes for choosing Assembly Men, on w'ch they strenuously insist on their Privihges. Add thereto the want of a martial Spirit, w' ch, I raust say, I never was among People y't have so little regard to their own safety,- or the pro tection of their religious and civil Rights. For Example thereof, above four Months ago I coraission' d Officers to raise 1,000 Men to protect our Frontiers, and y't with very suitable encouragem't, and in y't time they have not recruited above one-half of y't No. They are a lazy, indolent set of People, and I am heartily weary in presiding over them, for the Danger from the Enemy just at our Door, and all the Arguments I possibly can make use of will not rouse thera from their lethargic Supineness. And if I sh'd raise the Militia by the Act of the Assembly, I cannot march them out ofthe present Boundaries ofthe Gov't, by w'ch You may please to observe the Straits I am under, and the great Fatigue I have undergone to keep up y's necessary and just Expedit'n with Spirit, w'ch I find is out of my Power from the Obstinacy and Inactivity ofthe People. I presume by y's Time I have wearied Y'r L'd'ps with y's long L'r, but I c'd not pos sibly curtah it from the different Matters You order'd rae to answer, and I cannot finish with't assur' g You y't w'th great Deference and due Respects I rera'n, R't Hon., Y'rL'd'p's much obliged and most o'b'd't h'ble Serv't. 346 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. Memorandum — The following ^ Ct Teague; duplicate of y's [letter] f, the Farae, Ct Thaw, via Bristol. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE EARL OF HALIFAX. Feb'y 24th, 1756. R't Hon.: I have by y's Opp'ty wrote a long L'r to the Board, relat'g several Orders sent me to Answer, to w'ch I beg [you] to be refer'd. It's monstrous y't y's large Colony has no Forts, or one Great Gun fit to be Mounted for y'r defence; y't a small Privateer may come into the Capes, robb and plunder every Plantat' n on the different Rivers, if the Stat'n Ship sh'd happen to be absent. I have been at every Fort y't has been built here; the Batteries being on sandy Foundat'n, with't the proper Care w'n built to make a good Foundat'n by driv'g Piles, y't now they are in a very ruinous Condit'n, and none of the Guns fit or safe to be fir'd, and, in course, of no Service. I have particularly, in my L'r to the B'd, given my Opin'n of the Guns necessary to put y's Colony in a defensive State; but there are no Ingineers here, y't if the Crown agrees to send out Guns and to have these Forts rebuilt, an Ingineer will be absolutely necessary to direct the Construct' n of them. Our Mihtia consists of at least 36,000 Men; but chiefly Free-holders, who insist on y'r Privileges not to enlist or serve but on imminent danger, w'n the Militia may be necessary, and y'n I can' t com' d them out of the pres't Liraits of the Gov't Add to y't y'r want of a martial Spirit and y'r Indolence and indifference in protect' g y'r Lives and Fortunes, y't ah Argum'ts do not avail, w'ch makes me very weary under the Fatigues I have to encounter in support'g y's just Expedit'n w'th Spirit. I have also in my L'r to the Board ven tur'd to propose a coin'g Money at Home, to be appropriated for the Paym't of all the Officers in America, Civil and Military. This Proposal is on a former Plan I some Years since laid before Y'r L'd'ps for Trade, w'ch y'n appear'd to them right, and if it had been put in practice on the large Sums lately sent over to the Cont't of America the Crown w'd have sav'd a great deal of DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 347 Mo[ney]. The Merch'ts probably may compl' n of y's Curr'cy, but I formerly propos'd, to evade y'r Compl'ts, y't if ret'd by way of Remittances the Bank receive it as Cash, and it w'd serve to send out again the succeed' g Year. By y's Method they w'd be under no Hardships on reciev'g it in the Plantat's, as it w'd be the same to them as Spanish or Portugal Mo., and Mo. coin'd in France has been curr't among y'e Islands and the British Islands above these 30 Years, and the Crown of France has gain'd considerably by y's Curr'cy, as it is not equal to Ster. by 12}^ ^ Ct The Disputes am'g our Com'd'g Offi cers to the No'w'd gives me much Uneasiness, as it gives great Reason for the Enemy to glory in our Divis's and confirms y'r forraer Express's y't we are like a Heap of Sand, and y't during our Divisions and long Consultat's in forraer Operat's they are prepar'd to attack us on every Quart'r with Vigor, and I fear, tho' we are so nuraerous on y's Cont't, y't noth'g can be done properly with't the Intervent'n of the B. Parhament in consult ing proper Methods of raising Mo. and encourag' g our People by giving some of the most deserv'g Com's from H. M'y and bring'g some of our Forces on the British Establishm't. . These Forces may nevertheless be p'd from the Gen'l Fund rais'd in these Colonies. We have lately had 1,140 Fr. Neutrals sent here from N. Scotia, w'ch has occasion'd a gen'l discontent among the People, as we had no Roman Catholicks here before, and they are very great Bigots. I had very great Difficulty with the Council to perswade them to recieve them, and carried it only by one voice. I argued they were sent frora N. Scotia to weaken the Enemy on our Eastermost Frontier; y't they liv'd on H. M'y's Land; they refus'd swear'g allegiance to hira, and y't I conciev'd it was for the safety and Protect'n of all our Colonies. They argued y't no Gov'r had a right to send such numbers to another Colony with't y'r consent to receive them. Indeed I compl' d to Gov'r Lawrence y't he sh'd have given me previous notice, y't they might be provided for by the Legislature. However, we have rec'd them and maintain 'em for some time from the Revenue of 2S. 'p H'h'd, tih the Assem bly meets, w'ch will be next Mo. ; but I fear I shall not be able to prevail with them to do w't I think absolutely necessary, for ^ the Clamour ag'st them is general over ah the Co'try, and I w'd gladly hope they sh'd be sent Home at the Country's charge, 348 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. for they are full of resentm't ag'st the Fr. for the barbarous Murders and Robberies comraitted on our frontiers to the Westw'd. I have now near 600 Men at F't CumbTd, who rem'n on the Defensive till orders corae from Home. The Off'rs have my Orders to train 'em up in the Ind'n Method of fight'g, and they write they make great Proficiency therein. At Albany the Off'rs concerted a No. of Men to be rais'd in each Colony for the Expedit'n ag'st Crown Point and Niagara next Sumer. The Quota for this Colony is 1750, w'ch, I think im practicable to raise here, for I comission'd Off'rs four Mo's ago to raise i , 000 M en for the Protect' n of our Front' s, but they have not been able to enlist 600. I have cah'd the As.sembly, and with them I shall do every Th'g in my Power to raise Mo. and Men, but I fear I shall be disappoint' d. The Shawnesse Ind's have comitted many Robberies and Murders in our back Set tlera'ts. I have order'd 220 of our Rangers and 130 of the Cherokee Ind's to march to attack them in their Towns. They have been gone some time, and I hope they will succeed, w'ch may prove of great Serv'ce; w'n the other Ind's see the So'ern Ind's have join'd us, it may reclaim some of our f'dly Ind's y't have join'd the Fr. Two ofthe Council and some other Gent'n are gone Com'rs to the Catawbas and Cherokees with a hand- som Pres't, to confirm 'em to our Int't. I have many Obstacles in discharge of my Duty, but noth'g shall deter me from doing every Th'g in my Power for H. M'y's Service and the good of these Colonies. I hope Y'r L'd'p will excuse my troubling You with y's long L'r, as ray Inclinat'n and Duty prompts me to write You in reg'd to the Aff'rs ofthe Colonies, as You have so earnestly patron' d 'em, and as I have the Hon'r of Y'r Counte nance and Favo., I esteem myself, in a particular raan' r, oblig'd to give You notice of any essential Aff'rs y't may occur, and I beg Leave with Sincerely and Truth to assure You y't, with great Deference, I rem'n, R't Hon., Y'r L'd's most obliged and most ob'd't h'ble serv't. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 349 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO MR. ANDREW MILLAR. Feb'y 24th, 1756. Sir: Y'r several L'rs I have rec'd, and sh'd have answer'd 'em before y's but [I] have been mach harrass'd with Pub'c Affairs. David Briggs has not as yet p'd his Note for ^24. i. 3. y's Curr'cy, or has Mr. Churchih his of ^5. '19., but both proraise to pay it very soon. If they do not I shall return You Briggs' Note. I observe Mr. Hanbury has p'd You the Balla. of my Acc't, w'ch is weh. There is a Pamphlet publish'd by You en titied: The State ofthe B— h and F— h Colonies in Am' a. The Author has given several goods Hints and Proposals, but I must observe y't he insinuates y't the Fort I ordered to be built on the Ohio (in Page 113) was with't the Consent and Approbat'n of the Ind's, w'ch is a great Error, for the Year before I sent Com'rs to the Ind's on the Ohio, with a considerable Pres't to get them to confirm the Treaty at Lancaster, and in Conse quence thereof to give us Liberty to build a Fort on the Ohio, to w'ch they agreed, and the Half- King, who Comanded all the Ind's there, was pres't at [the] laying the first Logg, and was much irretated w'n the Fr. took it from us. In [p] 115 he [the author] says the Fr. Invas'n had its rise from the Ohio Comp' y's building a Store Ho. at Wills's Creek, which is also wrong, for y't House is built among the Inhabit's of y's Co'try. The Trade was formerly chiefly carried on frora Pensylvania, and all our Misfortunes are chiefly owing to those Miscreants, in inform'g the Enemy of our different Operat's. Such Errors in Pamphlet L'rs, tho' their Intent's may be good, are of very bad Con seq'ce, as the Fr. on all occas' s quotes 'era to y'r own Advan tage, therefore w't ever misconduct there raay be in our Aff'rs with the Ind's sh'd be laid before the Ministry, and not given to the Public in Pamphlets. He further observes, in Page 137, and makes use of my name, y't the Inhabitants of ye Colony do not exceed 70,000 ; to the contrary they are above d'ble that No. of Whites, besides above 120,000 Blacks. It gives me poncern to see any Th'g in Print y't the Fr. can make use of to our disad vantage. I therefore desire You to call on the Author of y't Pamphlet and have the buhd'g of the F't ofthe Ohio (w'ch was 350 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. by H. M'y's Cora'ds) put in a proper Light to the Pubhc, and if necessary You may make use of my Name in w't I have as serted above. At y's Time great Caut'n sh'd be used in writ'g any Thing relat'g to these Colonies, for, as above, the Fr. wih very readhy catch at any Th'g y't may be for y'r Service andto our disadvantage with the Ind's. I like the Paraphlet in many Points, but I wish it had been revis'd and glean'd of w't is not necessary, but otherways Prejudice to the B — h Int't and y't of these Colonies. Pray tender my kind Respects to Messrs. Mar- sheh. Gray, Scott and ah enquir' g F'ds. My W[ife] and G[irl]s join me in very kind regards to Mrs. Millar and Johnston, and I rem'n, with Truth, S'r, Y'r most h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO LORD HALIFAX. Feb'y 24th, 1756. Rt. Hon. : The occasion of giv'g You the trouble of Y'r L'r is on the Request of P. Ludwell, Esq' r, in regard to a Dispute between him and Mr. Beverley in respect to Precedency at the Council Board. The first was swore in as Counsellor a Year before Mr. Beverley ,*' and as the constant practice here is y't *'The ancestors of Wm. Beverley, in England, are traced through the town records of Beverley, in Yorkshire, to the time of King John. In 1413 John Beverley, a priest and a learned and eloquent preacher, was burned at the stake as a ZoUard. In the reign of Henry VIII. one ofthe Beverleys served as a commissioner to enquire into the condition ofthe Northern Monasteries. They secured some grants of church property and soon after divided into two branches, one at Selby and the other at Beverley. John Beverley, of Beverley, in the reign of Charles I., ad- heared steadily to the King, and was one of the distinguished Knights of the Royal Oak. Robert Beverley, the third representative of the family, sold the estate to the Perryman family and migrated to Vir ginia about the year 1660, and settled in Middlesex county, calling his seat " Brandon." He became possessed of large landed estates of thou sands of acres, located in several counties ; was a lawyer of leaming and ability; vestryman of Christ Church parish ; Clerk of the House of Bur- DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 351 the Counsellors take their place agreeable to the time they are sworn in, with't any reg'd to the date of the Mandamus. However, Mr. Beverly procur'd a L'r from the Lords of the Regency, direct' g me to place hira at the B'd before Mr. Lud well, w'ch I immediately coraplied with. He conceives y't Mr. B. has not represented the Aff'r impartially and properly to the B'd, and thereupon he comp's and desir'd me to write on the sub't to the B'd, and State the Aff'r properly as to the usual Custom here on admit' g Members to the Council; w'ch I have done, and as Mr. Ludwell is a very deserv'g, sensible Gent., gives due attend' ce to his Duty, and [is] very earnest in sup port'g the Prerogative of the Crown, frora my true Knowledge of his Merit, I h'bly recomend him to Y'r L'd' p's Favo., y't y's Aff'r may be again consider'd, and if agreeable y't I raay have a L'r to replace him conformable to the time he was swore a Counsellor, w'ch I assure Y'r L'ds'p has been the constant geses 1670-82, and again in 1685 ; Major of Virginia forces, and was the most efficient officer of Gov. Sir Wm. Berkeley in quell ing the popular uprising known as " Bacon's Rebellion. He was placed in command of all the royal forces and received from the Governor high commendation for his zealous and effective services. In 1682, for his patriotic opposition to the illegal acts of Berkeley, he was deposed from his clerkship and arrested on a charge of sedition, but was pardoned. He died in 1687. He was twice mar ried. Of the issue of the first marriage was Robert Beverley, a histo rian of Virginia, who married Ursula, a daughter of Wm. Byrd, the first of the name in the Colony, and of their issue was Wm. Beverley, of the text, of "Blandfield," clerk of Essex county 1720-40; acted with Wm. Fairfax and Robert ( ''King" ) Carter in 1733, as commissioner in behalf of Lord Thomas Fairfax, to decide upon the boundaries of his grants of the Northern Neck, with a like number of commissioners on the part of the Crown. The latter were Wm. Byrd, of " Westover," John Rob inson, of " Piscataway," and John Grymes, of "Brandon." In 1741 h.e acted, with Thos. Lee as commissioner on the part of Virginia in the treaty with the Six Nations of Indians, effected at Lancaster, Pa. He was a member of the House of BurgesseSj County Lieutenant of Essex, and for years a member of the Council. He was a practising lawyer, was variedly prominent and influential, evidently liberally edu cated, and possessed a valuable and extensive library, many volumes of which, with his book-plate and autograph, being now extant. He mar ried Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Bland, of "Jordan's Point," James river, and is believed to have died about the year 1760. 352 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. Practice here. I hope You wih excuse y's Freedom and Trou ble, w'ch will greatly oblige Y'r L'd' p's Most ob'd't h'ble serv't A LIST OF TITHABLES SENT THE LORDS OF TRADE, FEBRUARY 23RD, 1756.— (Per Capt. Teage.) Counties. Whites. Blacks. Accomack 1,506 1,135 Amelia 1,251 1,652 Albemarle ii344 i,747 Augusta 2,273 40 Brunswick 1,299 97^ Bedford 357 143 Chas. City.- 537 1,058 Caroline 1,208 2,671 Chesterfield 841 1,198 Culpeper 1,221 1,217 Cumberland 704 i>394 Dinwiddie 7S4 1,1^5 EHz'h City 316 S12 Essex 889 1,711 Fairfax 1,372 921 Frederick 2,173 34o Gloster 1,137 3,284 Goochland 569 935 Henrico 529 89S Hanover 1,169 2,621 Hampshire 558 12 Halifax 629 141 James City 394 1,254 Isle of Wight 810 966 King & Queen 944 2,103 King W'm 702 1,83-1 King Geo 720 1,068 Lancaster 426 1,124 Louisa 655 1,452 Lunenburg 1,209 983 Middlesex 371 1,056 Norfolk 1,132 i,4oS Nansemond 989 1,264 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 353 No'ampton 609 902 New Kent 465 1,209 No'umberland _. 980 i,434 Orange 627 1,016 Princess Ann 840 880 Prince Geo 650 1,138 Prince Edw'd 416 410 Richmond , 761 1,235 Surry 587 1,006 Stafford 889 1,126 Spotsylvania 665 1,468 So'hampton 973 1,036 Sus.sex 778 1,388 Westmoreland 944 1,588 Warwick 181 665 York 562 1,567 Total 43,329 60,078 Observations on the Tithables. — The White Tithables are only the Males from i8 years and upw'ds. Women and those under the Age of i8, both Males and Females are not tithed, and from best Informat'n they may be coraputed at four Times the No. of Tithables, that is, 43,329 multiplied by four, makes 173,316, the whole No. of Whites in y's Dom'n. The Negroes or Blacks are Tithables frora the Years of 16 and up wards, both Males and Feraales, and under y't Age they are not subject to be tith'd, therefore I think the No. of Black Titha bles may be doubl'd, y't is to say, 60,078, with the young Ne groes at the above Calculat'n will amo. to 120,156, the full No. of Slaves in y's Colony added to the Whites makes the 295,672 the complete No. of Inhabitants. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE LORDS OF TRADE. Feb'y 24th, 1756. R't Hon.: Wm. Beverley, Esq'r, one of H. M'y's Counch here, was swore the 31st of Apr., 1752 took his place accordingly at the Board under Phihp Ludweh, Esq'r, who was swore Coun- 354 dinwiddie papers. sellor the 31st of July, 1751, and Mr. B. continued to appear ance fully satisfied in being the next Counsellor to Mr. L 1. But Mr. B. on the loth of Oct'r last produc' d at the Counch B'd an Order frora the Lords Justices dated 13th of May pre cceding, order'g y't it he sh'd take Place of Mr. L., his Man- daraus bearing date prior to that of Mr. L.'s but not swore or admitted till the date as above, on w'ch Mr. L. complains, and I suppose applies to Y'r L'd'ps for redress. On search'g the Minutes of Counch, it appears from many Precedents that the Counsellor first swore, always took place tho' the subsequent Counsellor may have a Mandamus of prior date and Mr. L. has several Abstracts from the Council Book to confirm the same and to be laid before You. He applied to me to write Y'r L'd'ps to confirm the same and in justice to y't Gent., I must take the Liberty to inform Y'r L'd'ps y't it has always been a constant Custom y't the Counsellors in y's Dora'n always took their seats at the B'd from the Time they were swore in and admitted a Member of the Council, with't any reg'd to the date of y'r Mandamus, and I must further assure Y'r L'd'ps y't none of the Council gives more close attention y'n Mr. L. , and y't he always is an Advocate with me in support'g the PrerogatiA'e of the Crown and [is] otherwise a Gent, and worthy Member. On these Acc'ts I shall be very glad if Y'r L'd'ps will please to reconsider y's Affair and grant Y'r L'r to reinstate Mr. L. to his seat agreeable to the Time he was swore in, w'ch will be per fectly agreeable to the establish'd Rule here, and y's will check an Uneasiness occasion'd by Mr. B.'s taking the Preceding of Mr. L. at the Counch B'd w'ch I h'bly submit to Y'r L'd'ps. I am with Deference and great Respect, R't Hon., Y'r L's most ob'd't h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE LORDS OF TRADE. Feb'y 24th, 1756. R't Hon.: By y's Ship I send a small Box directed to Y'r L'd'ps. It cont's the Acts of Assembly for the two last Ses- dinwiddie papers. 355 sions. I c'd not possibly send them sooner, as they were not fairly ingrossed. You will please observe there are two Acts for issu'g Paper Curr'cy — one for ;^20,ooo, the other for ^40,000 — w'ch the great Scarcity of Silver and Gold and the pres't Emer gency of our Aff'rs made it absolutely necessary, and I took Care y't the time for call'g them in and pay'g them off sh'd be short. Therefore hope, for the above Reasons, my Conduct will meet with Y'r Approbat'n for giv'g my Consent to these Bills, and I assure You with't the above Curr'cy we c'd do noth'g in support of the Exped't'n. In y't Box is the List of Shipp'g enter'd inwards and outwards for the last six Months end'g last X'mas. I beg [you] to be refer'd to my other L'r ^ y's Opp'ty, and I rem'n, with dutiful Respects, R't Hon., Y'r L'd'ps' most ob'd't h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO SIR THOMAS ROBINSON. Feb'y 24th, 1756. R'T Hon. : My last to You was the 24th of Dec'r, by way of N. York, and a Duplicate of the same by a "Vessell to Hull. I hope both have reach'd You, as it cont's an Acc't of my Disbursem'ts on the Ohio Expedit'n. I have sent two of the Council to the Catawbas and Cherokees, to confirm thera in our Int't, and I sent a proper Pres't to those People. The Weather was so bad y't the Com'rs did not proceed till the 3d of y's Mo. The Cher okees y't were sent into our Front's with 200 of our Rangers have been marc'd some time ag'st the Shawnesse Ind's. I shall, in proper time, give You a true Acc't of the Success of the Com'rs and the Consequ'ce of the Detachm't ag'st the Shaw nesse. We rem'n here in a State of Uncertainty in reg'd to Peace or War. The Provincials of y's Dom'n, to the No. of 600, are at F't CumbTd and on our Front's. They must rem'n on the Defensive till I have Orders from Home. The Officers have my Orders to train the Men in the Ind'n Method of fight'g, and they write me they prove very expert therein. Gen'l Shirley writes me the Quota of Men from y's for the Expedit'n ag'st Crown Point and Niagara is 1750, a No., 356 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. • I think, not possible to be rais'd here. I wrote him so, with my Opin'n, y't if Pensylva'a, M'yl'd Virg'a, and No. Caro. were directed to raise Men to go ag'st F't Duquisne, they may be able to do someth'g, if they c'd not take y't Fort, they must make a Divers'n by prevent'g the Forces y't are on the Ohio frora raarch'g to Niagara, &c., but I have not yet rec'd his An swer; but I am sorry to think it merely impracticable to raise the No. propos'd from y's Dom'n. Our People greatly want a martial spirit, and all the Argum'ts I can use have no w't to rouse them to activity in defence of Y'r Lives and Fortunes. I am very sorry to hear of some Misunderstandings and Disputes amo'g the Cora'd'g Off'rs to the No'w'd. It's ih-tim'd to have any Quarrels but with the Public Enemy. I hope to hear they are all reconch'd. I wait with impatience to know whether Peace or War and Orders for my future Conduct. Every Th'g in ray Power for H. M'y's Service and the good ofhis Dora'ns on y's Cont't shall be attended to w'th great assiduity and Care, and I beg Leave to .assure You y't I am, with due Respects, R't Hon., Y'r most ob'd't h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COMMODORE KEPPEL. Feb'y 24th, 1756. Worthy Sir: Y'r favo. of the 5th of Oct'r I rec'd only three Days ago. The 'Vessell had a monstrous long Passage. Since Y'r leav'g us we have been sadly harass'd on our Front's by numb's of Fr. and Ind's com'g over the Mount's, robb'g and murder'g many of our People, encourag'd therein by Co. Dun bar's precipitate Mar[ch]. If he had only left the three Inde pend't Comp's y't were ordered here by H. M'y, those Miscreants w'd not have ventur'd over the Mount's, but he appear'd to leave us as defenceless as he c'd. Our Provincials deserted in Bodies, y't at a time after he left us we had not above 100 Men at F't CumbTd. Our Assembly having voted ;^40,ooo, Quahfied me to raise more Men, y't now we have upw'ds of 500 at the Fort, DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 357 besides Rangers. I have sent two of the Council to the Cataw bas and Cherokees with a handsome Pres't, to confirm 'em in our Int't. The Cherokees sent in to our Front's 130 of Y'r Warriors, w'ch I order'd 200 of our Rangers to join them, and they have my Orders to attack the Shawnesse in Y'r Towns. The Ind's are very fond of y's, and if they succeed it will be a means of reclaim'g some of our f'dly Ind's y't have join'd the Fr., w'n they see the So'ern Ind's have taken up the Hatchet and join'd our Forces. The Off'rs of our Forces have my Orders to train the Men in the Ind'n method of fight'g, and they write me they make great Proficiency therein. I am heartily glad Y'r Conduct is aprov'd of; I never doubted it from Y'r superior good Sense and close applicat'n to Business, add thereto Y'r having the Expedit'n so warmly at heart, gave an Example to all under Y'r Com'd to be diligent and active in discharge of y'r duties. Gen'l Shirley did order Co. D r to ret'n, but unluckily he gave him an alternative, if not properly supported, to march to join him at Albany. The last he coraply'd with, so far as to march to Philad'a, where he rem'd one Mo. If he had march'd on, he probably had been in time to join Gen'l Johnston. The Ind's y't were at F't CumbTd, w'n Gen'l Braddock arrived there, were not many, but Gov'r Innes wrote rae the Gen'l c'd not endure to see thera, and order'd him to let no more come to his Tent. We are in a state of Uncertanty here whether Peace or War, so that our Forces rem'n on the Defensive till I have Orders from Home. W'n You are ready to take the Com'd of the Swiftsure, I pray God protect You and grant You Success in every Th'g you raay undertake. Ct. Arbuthnott is gone to convoy a ship with Ordnance Stores to Providence, and I expect he will ret'n the end of next Mo. The poor Seamen y't were with the Gen'l were not so properly taken care of after the battle as might have been expected. However, I supplied the off'rs and them with Money till they got to Arbuthnott. I have now answer'd Y'r L'r, but can't finish without assur'g You my Wife and Girls join me in Sincere Respect and hearty Wishes for Y'r Health and every Th'g else You desire, and be assur'd I am, in great Truth, Y'r most ob'd't, h'ble serv't. 358 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO JOHN CLEVELAND. Feb'y 24th, 1756. Sir : Inclos'd I send You Lewis Burweh's Bih of Excha. for ;^i3, being for Mediterra. Passes prior to my arrival, w'ch is all I can recover. I trouble You with the enclos'd to my F'd Como. Keppel, w'ch I pray Y'r favo. to forw'd him. I am, with great Respect, Sir, Y'r most h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO JAMES ABERCROMBY. Feb'y 24th, 1756. Sir: Y'r L'r of loth Oct'r carae to my Hands only three Days ago, the Ship hav'g a very long Passage. Co. D r's retreat to Winter q'rs gave opp'ty to the barbar's Enemy to invade these Colonies and murder a great many Fara's, lay'g waste our Front's. These Murd's raay very justly be laid to him by leav'g our Front's expos'd to ye Incursions. If the arms be sent to N. Eng. for supply of the different Colonies, great Charge and Delay will attend; as to y's Gov't, they w'd come here sooner from Londo. y'n frora Boston. However, we must submit to the direct' n ofthe Ministry. We have now ab't 500 Men at and near to F't CumbTd, who must rem'n ofthe defensive till Orders from Home. I have sent 300 of our Men and Cherokees to at tack the Shawnesse in y'r Towns. They have been the Chief Ind's y't have comitted the raany Murders and Robberies on our Front's. I hope the Forces sent whl succeed in Demohshing these barbarous Wretches. Two of the Counch and some other Gent, are gone Com'rs to the Catawba's and Cherokees with a handsome Present to each, to confirm them to our Int't by a solid Treaty of Peace, offensive and defensive, by w' ch You may observe y't I have no idle Time on my Hands. We have lately had an importat'n bf 1,140 Fr. Neutrals from N. Scotia, w'ch gives very great Uneasiness to the People. However, judging the dispersing these People among the different Colonies was for DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 359 the Service of the whole, I prevah'd on the Council to receive them, and [they] are to be maintain'd from the 2S. ^ h'd Rev enue thi the Assembly meets, w'ch will be ab't 3 Weeks hence, w'n I expect great Heats on y'r acc't. For the Reasons You give, You did right in not print'g my Speech and y'r Address. The Pamphlet you sent me is wrote in good Language, but y't will not cover the great Absurdities and Falsities cont'd therein. I therefore hope it wih rem'n unanswer'd. Y'r Postscript gives me much Satisfact'n to think y't my Conduct meets with the approbat'n of the Ministry, for w'ch I presurae I ara pretty much indebted to Lord Halifax's F' dship. However, I am quite wore out, and the Compl't y't occasion'd my going to the Bath some time before I left Eng., is ret'd on me so y't a new Gov'r w'd give me no disgust; tho', while we are in a State of War here, I w'd not apply for leave to come Home, unless my Compl't increases, but y's is inter nos. Upon Y'r recommendat'n I took Mr. Woodward by the Hand, and have promoted him (tho' a Young Man) Capt. of a Co. in the Pay of y's Colony. He wanted Mo[ney] to equip him for the Service. I let [him] have ;^30 St'r, for w'ch You have his Bill on his Mother and a L'r enclos'd for her. W'n You rec. the Mo. please pay it to Mr. J. Buchanan, in Mark Lane. Y'r L'r to Co. Fairfax shall be duly d'd to him as soon as he comes to Town. I hope warr't on the 2s. ^ H'h'd will be recah'd, for I eashy think there whl not be sufficient in y't Fund in Apr. next to pay the necessary contin gent Cha's of the Gov't. I have sent Home Duplicates of my Disbursem'ts on the Mo. and Cr. sent me by Sir T. Robinson. Pray call at the Sec'ry's Office and know how it is rec'd. As the Acc't is just, I doubt not it whl meet with approbat'n. The vouchers and Rec'pts I have all by me. The Acts of the two last Sessions of Assembly come home in Ct Teage, be'g the first opp'y since they were engross'd and fairly transcrib'd. Give Y'r attend'ce at the B'd on them. There are two Acts for issu'g ;^2o,ooo and ;^40,ooo, w'ch the scarcity of Silver and Gold and the pres't Emergency of Aff'rs made y't absolutely necessary, but please observe the Time for pay'g and call'g ' em in is very short. I am extremely weary and Fatigued, must, therefore, leave off, only to- assure You we all join in our best Respects, and I am, in Truth, Y'r aff. h'ble serv't 360 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO. GOVERNOR MORRIS. Feb'y—, 1756. Sir: I rec'd Y'rs of the ist of y's Mo. and observe You have made a Tour into the Back Co'try and built several Forts for the protect'n of Y'r Front's, w'ch surely is a necessary work in these perilous Times, and so far necessary for the defensive Part, but I was in hopes someth'g w'd be concerted, either to attack F't Duquesne, or to build a F't the other side of the Mount's as a Barier ag'st the Invas's of the Brutal Enemy. Co. Washington, who is gone to G'l Shirley, has my Orders to cah on You in his ret'n, to know w't Plan of Operat's is con certed for next Camp'gn, and [I] am of Opin'n if Pensylva nia, M'yl'd, "Virg'a and No. Caro. sh'd heartily engage in an Exped't'n ag'st the Enemy the other side of the Mount's, y't we may be able to gall them, and the more so, as I have reason to expect a good No. of the So'ern Ind's to join our Forces. I have wrote Gen'l Shirley if y's is tho't proper, y't he sh'd app't an Off'r to Com'd and to send us some Engineers to manage the G't Guns. There are four 12-P'rs of Brass sent in here, and four more at Winchester, of Iron; if the G'l does not send for them to N. York. I have got built a pretty many F'ts in Au gusta, Frederick and Hampshire, to protect our Front's, and to , rem' n on the defensive till we hear from Home. My Private L'rs give some glimer'g Hopes of Peace ; if so, I wish the Fr. may not out wit us in their Councils. If Peace, I hope it will be with Hon'r to the Nat'n after the vast Expence they ha\'e been at. Our forces and the Cherokee Indians, as I formerly wrote You, were under Orders to march ag'st the Shawnesse. I be lieve they have been march'd frora Augusta ab't 10 Days— and our Cora'rs to the Catawbas and Cherokees have been gone a Fortnight I shall, on Y'r ret'n, give You an Acc't of their Pro ceedings. I hope Y'r Assembly wih, with Spirit and Resolut'n, give You a further Supply. Our Assembly meets next Mo., w'n I shah earnestly endeav'r to obt'n our Quota of Men for C[rown] Point, &c., but I really believe it wih not be in my Power to prevail with them. We have had 1,140 Neutrals from N. Scotia, wh'ch gives great Uneasiness to our People. We have rec'd them and now maint'n them by my Order and the DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 361 Council's, but whether the Assembly will be prevail'd on to make some Provis'n for them is very uncert'n, and I corapl'n of Gov'r Lawrence's not giving us some previous Notice of y'r com'g y't we might be prepar'd to receive them. I entreat You to send me notice w't Y'r Assem. has done w'ch probably may be of Service with our People. I sincerely wish You Health and Success in all Y'r Applicat's to them. I rera'n, with great Reg'd, Sir, Y'r most h'ble serv't GOV. DINWIDDIE'S ADDRESS TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY. Mar. 25th, 1756. Gentlemen of the Council, Mr. Speaker, and Gent'n of the Ho. of Burgesses : The Urgency of our pres't Situat'n, well known to You all, and the very near approach of y't Season w'ch presses on You the necessity of exerting every Effort for Your own and the comon Safety and wehfare of all Y'r fellow Subjects on y's Cont't, determin'd me to have the Satisfact'n of meet'g an Assembly from whom I have the highest Expectat's, so soon as I c'd, with some Degree of y't Ease w'ch I always wish to indulge them in, whose Duty leads thera w'n called upon to so laborious an as siduity in the Public Service. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE'S ADDRESS TO THE HOUSE OF BURGESSES. Gent 'n of the Ho. of Burgesses : With great Pleasure I meet y's new Assembly, both from the readiness I have ever experienc'd in the Counch to assist me on all their Advice, and from the Confidence where with I depend y't You, Gent., will be no less industriously ani mated in y'r Co'try's Cause now drawing to an important Crisis. Gen'l Shirley, by Instruct's from H. M'y sorae tirae agon, held a Counch of War at N. York to regulate y's Sumer's Campaign. 362 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. As a Basis for Y'r Deliberat's, I shall cause the Minutes of y't Council of War to be laid before You, with several other Papers relating thereto, and Consequence thereof I recomend Secrecy in Y'r Consultat's on them, that nothing may perspire, but the necessary Confidence sh'd become destructive by leting our watchful and most inveterate Enemies into the knowledge of our Purposes. These Comunications will inform you Gent'n of the vigorous Resolutions for the Comon Good y't the Colonies to the No'w'd have generously and unanimously taken, and y'r determination to raise y'r fuh Quota of Men and Money on y's critical Juncture. I surely trust there can be no need of prolix Exportat's to You to become eraulous of an Example w'ch at once includes every cogent considerat'n of Zeal and Duty to the best of Kings, Y'r native Co'try and Y'r individual Preser vat'n. You may observe how intimately the execution of these well- concerted Measures is connected with Y'r concurrence, and . readily furnish'g the Supplies of Men and Money requisite on Y'r part, and w'n You consider y' t the Operations of y's Sumer, if duly supported may be decisive (or in a great raeasure so) of the future Safety and Tranquility of y's and all the British Colonies on y's Cont't, y's I consider to be the general Opinion. I proraise myself You will not hesitate one Moment to sustain and increase the Honor y't y's Colony has already gain'd in the pres' t Affair, and to aprove Y' r Selves deserv' g of y' t large share of H. M'y's paternal Care and affection, which has shelter' d and cherish' d us in ah our occasions, by sufficiently raak'g an ime diate and effectual provision of Men and Money for the intended Expedit'n ag'st the Fr. Encroachm'ts at Crown Point and on the No'ern Lakes. As also y' t under the direct' n of Gov'r Sharpe to the Ohio, and for the protect'n of our Frontiers. Y'r sup plies, Gent. , must be with all imaginable dispatch, as the time for tak'g the Field is very near. The Monies disburs'd from the last vote of Assembly will be laid before You by the Treasurer and Comittee w'n You see proper to cah for the Acc't. I recomend to You the arm' g of the Mihtia, and to have y'r Arms of one Bore, w'ch are not so at pres't. If they sh'd be cah'd out upon any Attack ofthe Enemy great Inconveniences may occur by hav'g Guns of dif ferent Bores. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 363 Gent., After you have seriously consider'd and determin'd on the above Affairs recomended to You, I desire to engage y'r attent' n and regard to a considerable number of People — upw'ds of i,ioo — who have lately been sent here from N. Scotia under the name of Fr. Neutrals. Gov. Lawrence acqu'ts me of H. M'y's Council, assisted by the Adm'ls, Boscawen and Mostyn, advis'd him as the most for H. M'y's Service, or divide those People among the different Colonies. I shah cause to be laid before You Gov. Lawrence's L'r, and the different Receipts for these People w'n landed. By Advice of H. M'y's Counch here they were rec'd, and have been supported untih y's time for the 2s. ^ h'h'd Revenue; but as y't Fund is near exhausted I must recomend it to You to provide for the future disposit'n of those People, and to put them under such Regulations and Restrict' ns as may keep them in a due Submiss'n to our Constitut'n, and from being burthen some to the different Parishes, and probably they may become useful Members of y's Coraunity. Gent. , I recomend the Revisal of the Laws, y' t if any are near expiring they raay be renew' d, if tho' t proper. Gent, ofthe Counch, Mr. Speaker, and Gent, ofthe H. of Bur gesses: Concord and Unanimity are the vital Springs of Pub lic Consultat's, and frora these the happiest Oraens of attendant Success are to be drawn. I do, therefore, with all the earnest ness of an Heart devoted to the service of our raost excell' t Sovereign and the consumate Felicity of y's, his ancient Colony and Domin'n, particularly recomend these great essentials to You, and entreat You to justifie the Presages of an happy Ses sion, w' ch I draw from the agreeable appearance now before me. Be assur'd, Gent., y't my fix'd attention shall never deviate from these Objects, and y't as I have hitherto done ah in my Power for the good of y's Co'try, I shall chearfully, and with the greatest Pleasure join You in every Th'g y't raay be for the Service of H. M'y and y's Domin'n in particular, and of ah the British Colonies in general. 364 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. REPLY OF THE COUNCIL. Sir: We, H. M'y's most faithful and loyal Sub'ts, the Council of Virg'a, now met in gen'l Assem' y, ret'n Y'r Hon'r our sin cere Thanks for y'r aff'te Speech at the ope'g of y's Session. Convinc'd of the urgency of our pres't critical Situat'n and the approach of y't Season, w'ch dem'ds our most vigorous Efforts for defeat'g the destructive designs of our perfidious Enemies, for the defence of H. M'y's undoubted Rights and the protect'n of our Fellow Subjects on y's Cont't, Y'r Hon. may securely rely on our ready concurrence with the Ho. of Burgesses in any Measures w'ch shall be judg'd conducive to those desirable Ends and tow'ds answer' g y'r Expectat's from y's Asserably. The notice You are pleas'd to take of our readiness of always raeet' g with from us on y's and every future Occasion; Sensi ble of the happy Effects of Concord and Unanimity in all public Consultat's to preserve Harmony and a good Understand'g among us, will be a principal Object of our attent'n. Permit us. Sir, to repeat our grateful Acknowledm'ts for y'r indefatigable diligence in promot' g H. M'y's Service and the Prosperity of y's Co'try. The abilities likewise You have constantly exerted in the many great and interest' g Events y't have happen'd dur'g Y'r administrat'n oblige us to reiterate our Promises of en deavor'g by a suitable Conduct to deserve the Benefits we enjoy under it. REJOINDER OF GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE. Gentlemen of the Council : I ret'n You ray hearty Thanks for Y'r kind and af fect' te Address. It gives rae the greatest Pleasure to observe Y'r readiness in concur' g with the Ho. of Burgesses in such measures as are absolutely necessary at y's Period for defeat'g the destructive designs of the Enemy ag'st H. M'y's Lands, our Liberties and Properties, on w'ch I greatly depend on the As sembly's Exert' g themselves at y's critical Juncture. I ret'n You, Gent., my sincere acknowlegm'ts for Y'r kind approbat'n DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 365 of my Conduct hitherto, and I shah continue with firm Reso lut'n to do every Th'g in my Ppwer for the Serv'ce of H. M'y and y's Co'try, and y't with the greater Assiduity and Satisfact'n w'n I ara so certainly convinc'd of Y'r Inclinat's to assist me in those arduous Affairs. REPLY OF THE HOUSE OF BURGESSES. Sir, We, H. M'y's most dutiful and loyal Sub., the Bur's of Virg'a, beg leave to ret'n Y'r Hon. our Thanks for Y'r speech to the Council and y's Ho., and to assure You y't we shall en deav'r to imitate and pursue y't Plan of Unaniraity and Dili gence w'ch has been undeniably conspicuous in the preced'g Assemblies held dur'g Y'r Administrat'n here in tak'g under our serious Considerat'n the import' t Matters recomended to us by Y'r Hon'r. And we flatter ourselves y't the many Testimo nies given by y's Colony of y'r sincere Attachm't to his most sacred M'y do sufficiently Evince the World y't nothing really in our Power will be want'g to promote His Hon'r and the true Int't of y's Dom'n. REJOINDER OF GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE HOUSE OF BURGESSES. Mr. Speaker and Gent, of the Ho. of Burgesses : I ret'n You my sincere Thanks for Y'r Address. The Votes of Supplies granted by former Assemblys for H. M'y's Ser. have been graciously approv'd by him and His Min'rs at Home. Y'r Promise y't Noth'g shall be want'g, in Y'r power, for promot' g the Ser. of ye King and the Int't of y's Dom' n, is all y' t can be Expected from dutiful and loyal Sub jects, and in dependence thereon I promise myself y't y's As sem' y will Exert themselves in Every Th'g y't may be necesary for the Preservat'n of H. M'y's undoubted Rights and y't of our Liberties and Properties, so as to recomend You to the Royal favo. 366 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR SHARPE. Mar. Sth, 1756. Sir: The Cora'rs to the Catawbas and Cherokees have been gone a Mo. W'n they ret'n [I] shall give You a true acc't of Y'r Transact' s with those People. I have some hopes they will supply us with a 1,000 Men, who must be p'd and supplied by the neighbour'g Colonies. The Cherokees y't came into Au gusta ab't three mo's ago, with 230 of our Rangers, are gone to attack the Shawnesse in Y'r Towns. I wish 'em success, and on y'r ret'n I shall give You an Acc't of w't has been done by them. We are entirely in want of Arms; none are sent here frora H. M'y. Our agent says there are 6,000 sent to N. Eng. to be Distributed am'g the Colonies. They w'd have come sooner to hand if sent from Londo. I have wrote G'l Shirley the great want we are in and desir' d to be supplied, if in his Power. I am glad Y'r Assembly has voted ^40,000, and wish our Assembly may be prevail'd on to grant a handsom[e] Sum. They meet the 25th. I am sorry for y't part of Y'r L'r y't the Fr. intend to attack Oswego y's Winter, and hope the Intelli gence is groundless, but I fear we have not Men sufficient there to defend the Place. I w'd gladly hope y't the Operat's for these So'ern Colonies sh'd be to the Ohio. If they do not suc ceed in taking the Fort, they w'd raake a very good diversion by hinder' g those on the Ohio from march'g to Niagara. I fear it's impossible to prevail on our People to go to Albany. There are four brass Cannon of 12-P'rs, tvith all their appurtenances, landed here. G'l Shirley ordered them to N. York, but I stopt them till I hear from him, as they will be greatly wanted if we make any Attempts the other side of the Allegany Mount's in the Summer. I send You a Book and a small Bottle left with rae for You. I am, with great Respect and Esteem, Y'r Ex's raost h'ble and ob'd't serv't DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 367 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR SHARPE. Mar. 13th, 1756. Sir: Y'r favo. of the 7th Curr't I rec'd Yesterday Noon. I am very glad G'l Shirley has appointed You to Com'd 4,000 Troops to be raised in the So'ern Colonies, for an Expedit'n to the Westw'd; on w'ch I sincerely congratulate You, and I shall be very ready to do every Thing in ray Power for H. M'y's Ser vice and the good of these Colonies. I am sorry to see the Gen'l seems to have great Dependence on these Colonies for 3,284 Men for the Crown Point Expedit'n, &c. I am heartily sorry to say y't I fear he will be greatly disappointed for I think it whl not be possible to raise the quota proposed for y's Colony. Our people are far from hav'g a martial Spirit. My Commis sion' d Officers have been all over the Country to raise 1,000 Men and they have not yet recruited 600. Our Assembly meets the 25th of y's Mo., w'n I shall do every Th'g in my Power in endeavour' g to raise a proper No. of Men and a Vote of Supply to pay and maint'n them. I cannot possibly answer, the No. of Men we can supply to be under Y'r Com'd, thi the Assem' y meets. There is now at and near F't CumbTd near 450 rank and file. The Comissary appointed has orders to purchase Provis's sufficient to serve 1,000 Men for one Year, but I have no ret'n of the different Species he has purchas'd. As for Waggons and Horses, I fear it will be difficult to en gage any here till the poor People are paid for those formerly furnished, and many of them lost. I think your greatest de pendence for thera must be from Pensylvania. We have very few Arms here and sufficient for our own Men. I have a qu'ty of Powder in our Magazine, but I think there is Powder and Shott sufficient at F't Cumberland. The particular Qu'ty of each You may have a distinct Acc't of by writ'g to the Com'd'g Officer. As for a train of Artillery, y't will be difficult to pro cure. The Gen'l has order'd the, four brass Cannon, I for merly mention'd to You, to be sent imediately to N. York, w'ch I have accordingly directed to be done. There are four 12-P'rs at Winchester, of Iron, very heavy, w'ch I believe were tho't impracticable to get over the Mount's; but You are the best Judge, if possible to be done now on y's 368 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. Exigency. I sent up lo 4-P'rs, with ah their Appurtenances, to Rock Creek, w'ch were propos'd to be mounted on F't Duquesne, if taken. I have ten raore of the same Dimensions at Hampton, if thought proper to be sent up. I had a Visit from Gov. Dobbs ab't three Weeks ago. He s'd he had order'd to recruit 200 Men for the Expedit'n, w'ch was all he c'd do. I have not had any L'r from G'r Glen y's three Mo's. I suppose he's expect'g Gov. Littleton out to succeed him. He rem's silent, or do I believe they will grant any further supplies than w't they have already given. I shall send an Express to-morrow to Mr. Dobbs to desire him to send w't Men he can to F't CumbTd. The No. of Ind's from the Catawbas and Cherokees is at present uncertain. The Com'rs have ray orders to stipulate with each of those Nations the No. they will supply us. Till the Cora'rs ret'n, w' ch I think will be in three Weeks, I cannot inform you. They formerly mention'd 1,000 of their Warriors to join our Forces; but, pray, how are they to be maint'd and paid? Gen'l Shirley mention'd they are to be allow'd British Pay, but did not mention from w't Fund. If You write him, pray ask him y's material question, and unless he supply You with Mo. for sev eral different services, the Expedit'n may be greatly retarded. As Pensylv'a as yet has not rais' d any Men, tho' very populous, C'd not they send 1,500 or 2,000 Men for the No'ern Expedit'n and 1,000 to be under Y'r Com'd? I shall with great pleasure and readiness do every Th'g in my power to support the Ser vice. I wish You health and Success in Y' r Com' d, and I rem'n with great Esteem and Reg'd, Y'r Ex's most obe'd't h'ble serv't P. S. — I trouble you with the enclos'd L'rs; if you think proper they sh'd be d'd. There is a worthy Off'r, Ct. R't Stobo, who was taken with Co. Washington at the Meadows and kept as an Hostage. I sh'd be glad if he c'd be excha' g'd for Mons'r La Force, now in Prison here ; Capt. Stobo is at Mon treal. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 369 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GENERAL SHIRLEY. Mar. 13th, 1756. Sir: Y'r L'r of the 20th Feb'y I receiv'd Yesterday. As I for merly wrote You, the ^2,000 from So. Caro., part of y't was applied for paym't of the Beeves sent by Gen'l Braddock's Or der. The poor Drivers c'd not lay out Y'r Mo. till Comissary Leake had Orders to pay them. They always expect imediate Paym't on dehvery of y'r Beeves, w'ch I think is the same as if p' d by Comissary Leake, and I have engag' d to pay fo'r Salt and Cask, but there will be a Balla. in ray Hands of _^i,ooo, w'ch shall be p'd as You see proper to direct. Sh'd not Mr. Leake publish in the Papers Y'r Ex's Orders for pay'g the different Clairaants ? It was here understood y' t he was to raeet at Lan caster to pay the Dera'ds of the People of Pensylva'a, for it c'd not be expected y't the poor People of y's Colony c'd go 200 Miles for paym't of perhaps six, ten or ^20. They are in hopes of being p'd at Alexandria or Winchester, and I think none of them knows y' t Mr. Leake was directed to pay the Clairaants of y's Dom'n. I have given Orders to send the four Brass Cannon, their Appurtenances and Powder, for N. York. Colo. Hunter has my Orders to send them iraediately, agreeable to Y'r Desire. I am very glad the Eastern Colonies behave so properly and succeed in raising men for Your Expedit'n. I wish I may be able to write You agreeably on y's head frora y's. Our Assem' y meets the 25th, w'n I shall earnestly and with all possible Argum'ts endeav'r to prevail with them to vote Men and Mo. for Crown Point, Niagara, &c., but I am sorry to say I have a very bad prospect. Our People want the martial Spirit y't I observe with Pleasure prevails am'g the Eastern Colonies. I ara sorry to write You y't all the Argum'ts I possibly can use in shew'g our People the danger the Colonies at present are in and the Prospect we have of defeat'g our Eneraies, and the future View of safety and happiness if the well concerted Operat's are con ducted with Spirit and a rautual supply frora each Colony. Our People seem to be wrap'd up in a lethargic Supineness, and continue inactive in the Time of most apparent danger. However, y's shall not deter me from my Duty and once more to endeav'r to arouse them to the defence of y'r Lives, Liberties 370 , DINWIDDIE PAPERS. and Every Th'g dear to Mankind. I fuhy agree [that] the Pos sess'n of Lake Ontario, tak'g C. Point and Niagara, wih prevent any Supplies of Provis's or Warhke Stores being carried to the Ohio, and in course F't Duquesne wih be deserted, and more so, w'n they find themselves beseig'd by Gov'r Sharpe's Forces, w'ch, at the same time, wih make a proper Diversion in pre vent'g the Forces then going to Niagara. Capt. Arbuthnott, in his M'y's Ship, the Garland, arrived here last Tuesday and bro't in three Prizes he took off Hispaniola. He was inform'd at Hispaniola y't a Fr. Frigate of 26 Guns, 220 Men, touch'd there in her way to Mississippi ; y't she had a great many Land Off'rs on board, probably to march w't Forces they have at N. Orleans to reinforce those to the No'w'd. I expect the Com'rs sent to the Catawbas and Cherokees ab't three weeks hence. They had my orders to stipulate with those Nat's the No. of Warriors they will send to our assistance. W'n they ret'n I shall send You a particular Acc't of y'r Proceedings. The Cher okees and those of our Rangers have march'd above a Mo. ago to attack the Shawnesse in y'r Towns. W'n they ret'n [I] shall write You fully. I agree with You most cordially in the whole of y'r concerted Operat's, and sincerely wish I may be able to convince our Assem' y and prevail on them to do their Duty at y's critical Juncture, before Canada is reinforc'd from France. I am very glad You have appointed Gov. Sharpe to com'd the Troops rais' d here, and I have not the least doubt of his Zeal and assidious Care in the discharge of his Trust. I sincerely wish You perfect Health and a good stock of Spirits to discharge the great Undertakings You have in view, and I pray God pro tect You, and great Success to our just Expedit'n. With most real Esteem and true reg'd, I rem'n Y'r Ex's most h'ble and ob'd't serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR DOBBS. Mar. 13th, 1756. Sir: I hope y's will meet You safe arriv'd to Newbern and in good Health. Yesterday I rec'd the enclos'd L'rs from G'l DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 371 Shirley, with a desire to send them imediately to You. I there fore send y's Express with them, as I think they reg'd the Ex pedit'n. The Gen'l depends on the So'ern Colonies for a No. of Men for the Crown Point Expedit'n. I am sorry to say y't I greatly fear our Assem' y will not grant such Supplies as I c'd wish. They meet the 25th, w'n I shall do ah in my Power to convince them of y'r Aid y's Campaign, w'ch probably may de termine our fate with the implacable and inhuman Eneray, the French. He has appointed Gov. Sharpe to Com'd the Forces rais'd in these So'ern Colonies, and Mr. Sharpe desires me to write You to Order Y'r Men imediately to F't CumbTd, and I sincerely wish we may have Men sufficient to make a Push ag'st F't Duquesne. If we do not succeed it may be a proper Diver sion to prevent the Fr. on the Ohio march'g to the assistance of Niagara. The enclos'd L'r frora Mr. TurnbuU is, at his request, forwarded to You. He supplied the Forces y't came in here (before Y'r arrival) with Necessaries on y'r March, w'ch I p'd, but some of the Officers had some extraordinary Supplies, w' ch rem'n due to hira. He greatly depends on Y'r favo. to put him in a Method of being reimburs'd his Advance. No Ships frora England, w'ch keeps us barren of News. Ct. Arbuthnott arrived here last Tuesday and bro't in three Prizes he took off Hispaniola. He was inform'd there was a Fr. Frigate of 26 Guns and 220 Men bound to Mississippi touch'd there with a great many Land Off'rs on board. Can they think of reinforc'g Canida with forces from N. Orleans? or do they think we sh'd attack them so far to the So' w'd? or will they make some fresh embroils am'g the Creeks to distress So. Caro lina ? The L' r to Gov' r Littleton please forward in the most cert'n manner. If you hear of his arrival, I suppose You will write him. I shall be glad to hear if any further assistance may be expected from y't Colony. Ab't three Weeks ago I had a L'r from Mr. Watson, of Suffolk, covering an Acc't from one Jno. Giles, am't'g to ;^24. 7. 7., for carrying a Packet for You that came from Eng. last Jan'ry twelve Mos. I remember I sent a Packet for You and the Gov'rs of the So' w'd. I desir'd Mr. Watson to convey it to You. He sent the above Messenger with the Packets, and he says You order' d him to So. Caro. This Co'try wih not pay it It's hard I sh'd pay it, and stih worse y't Mr. Watson sh'd suffer for his good Offices. If You 372 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. remember any Thing about it, pray clear it up. This pres't Messenger I told I w'd pay him for go'g to You and return' g hither. I therefore desire You will give hira proper Dispatch, and inform me the Course of Y'r Post, y't these heavy Cha's may be reduc'd. We all join in kind Respects to You, Son and Nephew, and be assur'd I rem'n, with great Reg'd and Es teem, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't, h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO HENRY FOX, ESQ'R. Mar. 20th, 1756. R't Hon.: Y'r two L'rs of Nov'r last did not reach me till the 14th of y's Mo. Upon the Resignat' n of S'r Thos. Robinson, I am heartily glad a Gent, of Y' r superior knowledge and Un derstanding succeeds him; on w'ch I h'bly beg Leave to con gratulate You. The last L'r frora S'r T. Robinson mentions his hav'g presented to H. M'y the Address of Council and Asserably of y's Dora'n, and of Y'r having voted ;^40,ooo for the Expedit'n, and y't I propos'd corapleat' g our Forces to 1,000 Men, and [had] given the Cora'd of them to Co. Geo. Washington, w'ch H. M'y was graciously pleased to approve. The officers have been recruit'g these five Months, but have not enlisted 600 Men. Our People have not a martial -Spirit, and I am much straiten' d w't to do in recruit'g the Quota propos'd from y's Co'try for the Expedit'n ag'st Crown Point and Niagara. Our Assembly meets next Week, w'n I shall endeavour to pass a Law for making a Draught from the Mihtia to furnish w't Men we can for the above Expedit'n, but we are in great want of Arms, &c. I have wrote to G'l Shirley for a Supply from those he has distributed among the different Colonies. As the French have been indefatigably industrious with the So'ern In dians to gain thera over to their Int't, I judged it absolutely necessary, and my indispensable duty to secure the Int't of the Catawbas and Cherokees, and accordingly I have sent Com'rs to Y'r Nat'n with a considerable Pres't, to make a firm Treaty with them and to endeavour to ascertain or stipulate the No. of DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 378 Warriors they will supply us with on occasion. The Com'rs have been gone six Weeks; w'n they ret'n I shall give You a distinct acc't of Y'r managem't. The Cherokees have taken up the Hatchet ag'st the Fr. and Shawnesse Ind's. These Ind's have comitted many Robberies and Murders on our frontier settlem'ts. The Cherokees sent to our assist'ce ab't 80 of y'r Warriors, to whom I join'd 230 of our Rangers, with Orders to attack the Shawnesse in y'r Towns, w'ch is about 250 Miles from our Front's, to the Westw'd. They have been gone ab't a Mo. W'n they ret'n [I] shah give You acc't of y'r doings. If they succeed it may prove of much service by reclaim'g some of our friendly Ind's y't join'd the Fr., and others y't rem'd neutral whl be greatly encourag'd w'n they observe they have taken up the Hatchet and join'd our Forces ag'st the Fr., &c. I shall endeavour to procure a hasty Ind'n to go to the Picts and Twightwees to as sure thera of our F'dship, as I am convinc'd they have a great hatred to the Fr. for some barbarous Murders comitted by them in y'r Nation about four years ago. Capt. Arbuthnott, in H. M'y's Ship Garland, arriv'd here last week from a Cruize, with two Fr. Ships he took off Hispaniola. He says y't he was in form'd y't a Fr. Frigate of 26 Guns, 220 Men, touch'd there from France bound to Mississippi, a great many land Officers on board. It will give me much Pleasure to write You and to in form You of any Th'g that may occur for H. M'y's Service, w' ch I shall punctually do, and I beg Leave to assure You that, with great Deference and Respects, I rem'n, R't Hon., Y'r most ob'd't and very faithful h'ble serv't. Memorandum. L'r^ of y's date ^ the Montgoraerie, Ct Patterson. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE LORDS OF TRADE. Meh. 20th, 1756. R't Hon.: Y'r L'r of 16th Nov'r and y't by Y'r Order from Y'r Secr'y, Mr. Pownal, of the 4th, did not reach me 'till the 14th of y's. Mo It would give me much Pleasure to encourage and 374 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. do every Th'g in my Power in reg'd to the Packets establish'd for a National Correspondence, but the Ports as yet [are] not pro perly fix'd, for the L'rs by the Packet were five weeks from N. York to this Place, w'ch is only 400 Miles distance. I shall speak to the Post M'r here, and if he cannot forward the L'rs sooner, Expresses must be sent on the arrival of each Packet. Since the retreat of the Regular Forces for Philad'a the So'rn Colonies have been greatly distress' d by flying Parties of Fr and Ind's robbing our frontier Settlers and murder'g great Numb's with't reg'd to Age or any other Th'g. Since I appoint'd Ran gers and sent reinforcem'ts to F't CumbTd, we have been very quiet, but the Enemy have perpetrated y'r villianous Designs ag'st M'yl'd and Pensylv'a, but as these People appear to be rous'd from y'r Supineness, I w'd gladly hope, by Spirit and a mutual Supply of Forces, we may be able to repell those un just Invaders of H. M'y's Lands. My Lords, I must. acqu't You y't ever since my arrival Lewis Burwell, Esq'r, who was Presid't, has neglected to attend his Duty at the Council Board, and, indeed, I have not seen him since I have been here, tho' wrote to corae to Council, which he has always neglected with't assign'g any Reason, wherefore I think he has vacated his seat. Wm. Beverley, Esq'r, another of the Council, died here ab't three weeks ago, by w'ch there are two Councellors want'g to make the No. 12. I have below given You the Naraes of nine Gent, who I think very proper to supply the vacancies as they raay happen, and from them I presume You will recoraend two to fill up the vacant Seats at the Board. The issu'g of Paper Curr'cy has always been disagreaable to me, but I beg leave to assure You with't assent'g thereto noth'g c'd be done here for H. M'y's Service. On y't acc't I hope I shall be justified. The rais'g Soldiers here is a very difficult Affair. The Officers have been recruit'g all this Winter, and they have not augmented our Forces to above 600. The Assembly meets next Week, w'n I shall endeavor, with y'r Assistance, to raise all that is possible, if they will join with me. This Ship's sail'g was unknown to me till y's day, and as the Master is in great hurry to be gone, I hope You will excuse brevity, and believe me to be with due regards, Y'r L'ds'ps' most ob'd't, h'ble serv't DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 375 Gent'n recom'd to supply vacancies in the Council, vizt.: Warner Lewis, Philip Ludweh Lee, John Tayloe,*^ Ralph Worm eley,^ Philip Lightfoot,^* Daniel Parke Custus,^ Robert Carter,™ Man Page,*' Edward Hack Moseley.^* ^Wm. Tayloe, of London, settled in Virginia about 1650 ; married Anne, daughter of Henry Corbin. Their son, John Tayloe, married Mrs. Elizabeth Lyde, daughter of Major Hugh Gwynn, of Essex county, and had issue ; i., Wihiam, died young ; ii., John, of the text, founded " Mt. Airy ''; member of the Council ; married Rebecca, daughter of Gov. George Plater, of Maryland, and had issue one son, John, and eleven daughters, who married elegibly ; iii., Betty, married Col. Richard Corbin ; iv., Anne Corbin, married Mann Page, of " Mansfield," near Fredericksburg. ^The Wormeley family can be traced to 1312, when they were seated in Yorkshire, England. The first in Virginia was Capt. Christopher Wormeley, Governor of Tortuga 1632-5 ; was granted 1,420 acres of land in Charles river county, January 27, 1638; member ofthe Council ; married and had issue : Capt. Ralph Wormeley, of York county, mem ber of Council in 1649 ; patented lands and settled at " Rosegill," Mid dlesex county; died before 1669, leaving issue Ralph. His widow, Agatha, married, secondly. Sir Henry Chicheley, Governor of Virginia. Ralph Wormeley, second of the name, died 1700, leaving issue ; John Wormeley, of " Rosegill " and Judith, married Col. Mann Page, of "Rosewell." Ofthe issue of John, was Ralph Wormeley, of " Rose gill," of the text, married 1736, Sarah Berkeley, of " Barn Elms ; Bur gess for Middlesex county 1748-58. '*John Lightfoot was a patentee of lands in "James Cittie " in 1624. The name Philip was prominently represented in several succeeding generations in the colony. Col. Philip Lightfoot, by will, in 1683 devised lands to his eldest son, Francis, with remainder of his estate to his son Philip. Francis devised to his daughter Elizabeth, who mar ried Col. Peter Randolph, of Henrico county, with remainder to his brother Philip, to whom the entail was docked by the Assembly in 1740, and by agreement between the parties interested, the lands were vested in Philip Lightfoot, probably him ofthe text There were three of the name Wm. Lightfoot, in successive generations of Sandy Point, Charles City county. Wm. Lightfoot inherited "Tedington," one of the four plantations which composed the splendid "Sandy Point" estate- He it was, probably, whom later Gov. Dinwiddie nominated as Coun cellor in lieu of Philip Lightfoot. '"John Custis, third in descent from John Custis, an inn-keeper of Rot terdam, who settled in Virginia about 1640, married Frances, daughter of Col. Daniel Parke, Governor of the Leeward Islands (her sister, Lucy, was the wife of Wm. Byrd, the second of the name) and of their issue 376 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO JOHN POWNALL. Mar. 20th, 1756. Sir: By Ct Teague, who sail'd a fortnight ago from y's, I sent Y'r L'd'ps in a smah Box the Acts of Assembly for the last two Sessions, with the Journals of the Ho. of Burgesses, but by neg lect, the Minutes of Council were omitted, w'ch I now send You enclosed, and please put up with tbe other necess'y Papers. I was Daniel Parke Custis, of the text, who married Martha Dandridge, subsequently the wife of General George Washington. **Robert Carter, known as " CounciUer," son of Robert (of " Nomini ") and Priscilla (Bladen) Carter, and grandson of Robert (" King ") and Betty (Landon) Carter. He married Frances A. Tasker. His de scendants are numerous. ^'Mann Page, eldest son of Hon. Mann and Judith (Carter) Page, of "Rosewell," Gloucester county, and second in descent from Col. John Page, of county Middlesex, England, (born 1627 ; died at 'Vniliamsburg> Va., January, 1692;) was born about 1718; married first, 1743, Alice Grymes (their eldest son, John, became Governor of Virginia, etc.); sec ondly, about 1748, Anne Corbin Tayloe. He declined the office of Councillor in favor of his younger brother, John, born about 1720 ; re moved to " North End," Gloucester (now Matthews county); married about 1741, Jane, daughter of Col. William and Maria (Taylor) Byrd, of "Westover," James river; educated a lawyer; visitor of William and Mary Cohege ; died 1780, leaving issue eleven surviving sons and daughters. ^Robert Moseley, " gentleman," was granted 1,000 acres of land, lying about the head of Upper Chippoacks, January 7, 1649. He received large grants subsequently. Edward Moseley, prominent in North Car olina, and Boundary Line Commissioner in 1728, is believed to have been ofthe same family. Wm., Robert and George Moseley, severally^ received grants of land in Virginia. Edward Hack Moseley was a Bur ge.ss from Princess Anne county 1 761-9, and Edward Hack Moseley Jr., from the same county, 1770-1. George Hack was granted 400 acres of land in Northampton county July 1, 1653, and Anne, George Nicholas and Peter Hack 1,000 acres in the same county, March 22, 1666. Mr. C. A. Hack, Taunton, Mass., descended from William and Mary Hack, of Somersetshire, or Devonshire, England, settled in Taunton prior to 1660; supposes George Hack, of Virginia, to be of the same family as his ancestor. The Moseley family is still prominently represented in Virginia and North Carolina, and is widely and estimably connected. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 377 hope y's wih meet You in good Health and y'r Bro.* safe ar riv'd, to whom pray pres't my kind Respects. I saw him at Alexandria, so great a Distance from Home y't I had not the Opp'ty of shew'g him the respect due. I shall be mighty glad to hear from You, and I rem'n with reg'd, S'r, Y'r ob'd't h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO JAMES ABERCROMBY. Mar. 20th, 1756. Sir: My last to You was the 24th Ult'o, to w'ch please be ref'd. I have now wrote the Lords for Trade in reg' d to two Vacancies at the Council B'd, viz't: Lewis Burwell, Esq' re, Presid't, has never come to Counch since my arrival; nay, I have not seen him. He apprehends he is troubled with many distempers, and conceives he has a Cancer; but in fact it's a disteraper in the Mind, [frora] w' ch I believe he will never recover. I know from above it gave me reason to suspend him, but as he has a long- tail' d family, I tho't it best to recommend it to their Lord'ps, as his seat is vacated, to appoint whom they please, hav'g sent the names of nine Gent. I think most proper to supply the Vacan cies. Whoever they may appoint, have it included in the Man- ** Thomas Pownall, LL. D., born at Lincoln, England, 1722 ; died at Bath 25th February, 1805 ; Secretary of the Board of Trade in 1745, and was in the commissariat in Germany ; in 1753 came to America as Sec retary of Sir Danvers Osborne, whom he succeeded as Governor of New Jersey in 1755 ; member of the Albany Convention of 1754 ; Gov ernor of Massachusetts 1757-60, and of South Carolina 1760-61. Re turning to England he was made Director-General of the office of con trol with the rank of Colonel. Entering Parliament in 1768 he strenu ously opposed the measures of the Ministry in regard to America ; retired from Parliament in 1780. He published, in 1766, "The Admin istration ofthe Colonies," "Topographical Description of such parts of North America as are contained in the annexed map (that of L. Evans, corrected and continued to 1755) of the Middle British Colo nies," and, besides, a number of works on archeology, antiquities, and politics. 378 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. damus to be in the room of Lewis Burweh. Ab't three Weeks ago Wilham Beverley, Esq' re, died, w'ch makes the second vacant Seat at the Board. I formerly wrote You a L'r recom end' g Philip L. Lee to be one of the Counch, w'ch I now con firm. If You are at Charges of pay'g the necessary Fees for the Mandamus (if no private F' d applies), I shall take care to speak to them to remit You the Money. I rem'n with respect, S'r, Y'r most h'ble serv't. GOV. DINWIDDIE TO THE GOV. OF NEW YORK. Mar. 20th, 1756. Sir: Y'rs of the 30th of Jan'y and 9th of Feb'y came to my Hands only the 14th Curr't. The tediousness of the Post from You to y's is shameful, and if the Post M'r, Mr. Franklin, does not forw'd the letters by the Post in a more Expedit' s method, it whl greatly defeat H. M'y's good Intent's of a national Cor respondence from home to the Colonies and back. Pray write to him on y's head, and I shall speak to his partner here. I am glad y'r Asserably has voted ;^40,ooo for the Pay, &c., of 1,000 Men for the Expedit'n ag'st Crown Point, &c. Our Assembly meets y's Week, w'n I shall earnestly endeav'r to get them to grant a mutual Supply, but I much fear get'g Forces to go to the No'w'd; but I shall do all in ray Power on y't Head. Our Cora'rs are not ret'd from the Catawbas and Cherokees; w'n they do, I shall acqu't You of y'r Proceedings. The Cherokees, join'd with a Number of our Rangers, have been gone five Weeks ag'st the Shawnesse. I have had no Acc't since they march'd, but daily expect to hear of y'r Proceedings, w'ch shall be communicated to you. I hope Colo. Johnston has been able to confirm a strong attachm't of the Six Nat's with us, and no doubt Y'r presence with those People and the Present You have to give them from H. M'y will fully settle them in our Int't. I sincerely wish You Success in y's necessary Affair. The Shaw nesse and Delawares have been so long engag'd in robb'g the DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 379 frontier Settlem'ts of the So'ern Colonies y't I fear it will be difficult to reclaim them. You will please observe how impos sible it is for me to send my Dispatch's by the Packets from the unaccountable delay of the Post. I shall with Pleasure transmit You every Th'g y't may occur for H. M'y's Service, and I rem'n with great Regard, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't h'ble serv't. ADDRESS OF THE BURGESSES TO GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE. Resolv' d by the H. of Burgesses, Mar. 2gth, 1J56. That an h'ble Address be raade to his Hon., the Gov'r, to assure him of our readiness to do every Th'g in our Power, consistent with our Safety and preservat'n, to forward an Expe dit'n intend'd ag'st the cora'n Enemy; but y't from the small No. of white Inhabit's in y's Colony and the extensive Frontier we have to protect and defend from the depredat's and Encroach m'ts of a savage and cruel Enemy, We conceive it to be not only impracticable, but very imprud' t to send so great a Pro- port' n of them as is demanded of us to so great a distance, and thereby deprive ourselves of Y'r Assistance, w'ch we have too much reason to think we shall soon have Occasion for. Resolved, That an h'ble Address be made to his Hon'r, the Gov'r, to acqu't him of the danger we apprehend frora such a No. of Neutral French Roraan Catholics being suffer' d to con tinue amongst Us at y's time; y't his Hon'r wih be pleas'd to order them to be imediately shipp' d to G. Britain, to be dispos' d of as His Majesty shah think proper, and to assure his Hon'r y't y's Ho. wih chearfuhy pay the Expence of ye Transportat' n. ADDRESS OF THE COUNCIL TO GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE. A Minute of Council. His Hon'r, the Gov'r, acqu't'd the Board y't he had rec'd an Address from the Ho. of B's, in which they say they 380 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. conceive it to be not only irapracticable, but very imprudent to send so great a Proportion of Men as is demanded of y's Colony for the No' ern Expedit'n, and thereby deprive us of ye assist ance, w'ch they have too much reason to think we shall soon have Occasion for, and desir'd the Council's Opinion thereon. On Consideration whereof, the Council are still of the same Opinion w'ch was enter'd on ye Journal the 21st of Jan'y last, on read'g Gen'l Shirley's L'r on y's Subj't, vizt.: "that the sarae is impracticable." But the Council do now think, as they did before, y't some successful Atterapt may be made in Con junction with the two No'ern Provinces on Fort du Quesne, and therefore desire His Hon'r to press the Burgess's to make Pro vis'n for carry'g the s'd attempt into Execut'n: provided the two Provinces will join us in it. The Gov'r also acqu't'd the B'd y't hehad rec'd another Address from the Burgesses, in w' ch they signify the danger they apprehend from such a No. of Neutral Fr. Roman Catholics being suffer'd to continue among us at y's time, and desire y't his Hon'r will be pleas'd to order thera to be imediately shiped to G. Britain, to be disposed of as H. M'y shall think proper, and assure his Hon'r y't ye Ho. will chearfully pay the Expence of their Transportat' n. On w'ch he desir'd the Opin'n ofthe Council. On Considerat'n whereof the Council concur' d in Opinion with the Burgesses in reg'd to keep'g the s'd Fr. here and the Necessity of transporting them, but advis'd his Hon'r to recomraend it to the Burgesses to make Provision for the Subsistence ofthe s'd French from y's time tih ye Embarkation. REPLY OF GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE BURGESSES. Mr. Speaker and Gent, of the Ho. of Burgesses: I rec'd Y'r Address and the Resolve of Y'r Ho. in reg'd to the Assistance expected from y's Colony towards con ducting the Expedit'n ag'st Crown Point and Niagara. You say it is not only im'practicable, but iraprudent to send so great a Proportion of Men as is demanded from y's Colony. If you cannot comply with the No. of Men expected, I recommend Y'r DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 381 voting a Sum of Money for y't Service, to shew Y'r Approbat'n ofthe Plan of Operat's, w'ch, if attended with success, wih un doubtedly be of great Service to the British Colonies on y's Cont't. I further recom'd to You proper Supplies for conduct'g y't Part of the Plan of Operat's ag'st Fort Duquesne and the Expedit'n ag'st the Shawnesse, w'ch I think wih be attended with considerable Expence. Gent'n, I rec'd Y'r Address, and resolve in reg'd to the Fr. Neutrals. I must observe these People were divided am'g all the Colonies from the Resolut'n of the Counch of Nova Scotia, as sisted by Adm'ls Boscawen and Mostyn. I have great reason to apprehend y't Resolut'n was agreeable to Y'r Instruct's from H. M'y, and I have no Orders for transport' g them for Britain, but as you are desirous they may be imediately shipp' d to G. B., and y't You think ye stay' g here whl be attended with danger to y's Gov't, I am wih' g to comply with y'r Request; and therefore desire You will appoint proper Persons to make Provis'n for ye Subsistence from y's Time tih ye Embarkat'n, and y't those Gent, raay agree for proper Vessells to transport thera agreeable to the Resolve of Y'r Ho. I send You herewith Gov. Lawrence's Letter and the Receipts for the Neutrals, w'n landed. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL WASHINGTON. Apr. 8th, 1756. Sir: You formerly had a Com'o. to appoint Courts Martial, but as I tho't y't was not exphcit enough, but rather a Repetit'n of the Act of Assembly, I therefore send You enclos'd an Order to appoint such Courts w'n You see proper and it's agreeable to Colo. Innes's from G'l Braddock. I hope the Affairs of the Regim't are not in so bad a condit'n as represented here. The Assem' y were greatly inflam'd, being told y't the greatest Im moralities and drunkenness have been much countenanced and proper Discipline neglected. I am wih'g to think better of our Officers, and therefore suspend my Judgiri't tih I hear from You. I desire You will keep them properly employ' d in patroling the 382 dinwiddie papers. Woods, and, if possible, to Scalp some of our barbarous Ene mies, to prevent and discourage Y'r inhuman Murders in our back Settlem'ts. Maj'r Lewis and his Men are ret'd, hav'g done nothing essential. I believe they did not know the way to the Shawnesse Towns. I expect him in Town to give an Acc't of his March, &c. I wish You Health, and hope to see You here soon. I rem'n, S'r, Y'r friend and h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR DOBBS. Apr. 13th, 1756. Sir : Y'r favo. by Co. Innes and y't by y'r Son I have rec'd. I p'd Co. Innes ;i^200 y's Mo., w'ch he carried with him to Fort CumbTd for y'r Son's Co'y, but Y'r Speaker forgot to send the Rec'pt for the Steers, but I think Y'r Son says he has it. The Expedit'n ag'st the Shawnesse prov'd unsuccessful. They were gone upwards of a Mo. ; met with very bad Weather; a great part of y'r Provis's lost cross' g a River, the Canoes being over-set. They were oblig'd to eat y'r Horses and are ret'd, having taken the French Men, who I believe are ofthe Neutrals, bound to Fort Du Quesne. "The Comraiss' rs y't went to the Cherokees, &c., are not ret'd, but write me the Cherokees and Catawbas are in good Hum'r and profess great F'dship. They are ready to assist us with y'r Warriors if they can have a Fort built for y'r Women and Children. Y's Fort I expected had been buht before y's, as I sent Gov'r Glen near 18 mo's ago i,ooO;^ St'r. towards building thereof; but he has not begun it, w'ch makes those People very uneasy, and I fear if not built y's Sum'r they will join the Fr. Our Assembly is now sitting. I have applied to them for Money to assist the building a Fort in the Upper Cherokee Co'try, and I have hopes of succeed' g, and I entreat Y'r assist'ce in y's necessary Affair. If neglected, I fear the Consequence. I just now have a L'r from Co. Wash ington from Winchester, who says the Fr. and Ind's, upw'ds of 200, are comitt'g the greatest Barbarities ab't Winchester, and DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 383 by an Order taken on a Fr. Man they have taken and scalp'd, it appears they intend to set fire to our Magazine at Conechege, on w'ch Washington has reinforc'd the Party y't are Guard there, by w'ch You may observe the Intent's of the Enemy are to per petrate y'r cruelties on our Front's y's sum'r. Our Assembly cannot be prevail' d on to grant any Men for the Northern Ex pedit'n, but in a Committee of the whole Ho. have resolv'd the contrary; or can I prevah with them to vote a Sum of Mo. for y't Service, but propose augmenting our Forces to 2,000 Men to protect and defend our Front's. I have a difficult Task with them. They are very obstinate, but I shall continue my strong endeavors in shew'g our great Distress and the necessity of as sisting G'l Shirley, but I fear all I can do whl prove abortive. Fifteen of the Cherokees who went ag'st the Shawnesse came here yesterday. I shall try if I can prevail with the Party, con sist' g of 60, to march to Winchester. The Assembly have passed an Act for send'g the Neutrals to Britan. They cannot be persuaded to let them remain here. I am therefore under a necessity of agreeing to y's. I send You my Speech and the Addresses of Council and Assembly. M'yl'd has resolved on 40,ooo[;^], but cannot agree on the Method to raise it. .Penn sylvania has voted ;^6o,ooo, half of w'ch is exhausted, and they decline giv'g any Assistance to the No'ern and Western Expe dit' s, so y't You may judge w't Situation we are in and how disjointed the Colonies are. I am, with great Esteem and Re gard, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't h'ble serv't. COLONEL GEORGE WASHINGTON TO GOV. DINWIDDIE. Hon'ble Sir: All my Ideal hopes of raising a Number of Men to scour the adjacent Mountains have vanished into Nothing. Yesterday was the appointed Time for a general Rendezvous of all who were willing to accompany Me for that desirable End, and only 15 appeared ; So that I find myself reduced to the further Necessity of waiting at this Place a few Days longer till 384 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. the Arrival of a Party which was ordered from Fort Curaber- land to escort Me up, the Roads being so infested that none but Hunters who travel the Woods by Night can pass in Safety. I have done every Thing in my Power to quiet the Minds of the Inhabitants, by detaching all the Men that I have any Comand over, to the places which are most exposed; there have also been large Detachments from Fort Cumberland in Pursuit of the Enemy these lo Days Past, and yet nothing, I fear, will prevent thera frora abandoning their Dwelhngs and flying with utraost Precipitation. There have been no Murders comitted since I came up, but the Express I sent to Colo. Ste phen (notwithstanding he was an excellent Woodsman and a very active Fellow) was fired upon 5 Times at a place called the Flats, within 6 Miles of Fort Cumberland. He had several Balls thro' his Coat, and his Horse shot under him, yet made his Escape from them. By a Letter from a Gent, in W'msburg, we are informed that the Asserably have generously given the further Sum of ;i^20,ooo, and voted the augmenting our Forces to 2,000 Men, which is a Number that under good Regulations We may have some Ex pectation from if they are properly appointed, for which Pur pose, as I have never heard your Honour offer your Opinion, I have been free enough to project a Scheme, which is now in closed, to have the whole 2,000 formed into one regiment con sisting of two Battahons of ten Companies each, with five field Officers, each of which to have a Corapany and every other Corapany to consist of i Captain, 2 Lieutenants, one Ensign, 4 Serjeants, 4 Corporals, 2 Druras, and 87 private Men, which wih save the Country the annual Sura of ^5,006, 16. 8. and We better appointed, and established raore after the British Manner than We now are, or shou'd be if formed into two Regiments, or one Regiment with only 50 men in a Company, and I hum bly conceive where we can pattern after our Mother Country upon as easy Terms as pursuing Plans of our own, that we shou'd at least pay that Deference to her Judgment and Expe rience By the Scheme I proposed of forming the Regiment into two Battalhons, and of increasing the Number of Men in a Company to 87 Privates, the Country will save the Pay of many commissioned as well as non-commissioned officers, who are the persons that enhance the Expence, for the whole annual Pay of DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 385 the 2,000 Men, including ah the Staff Officers, as well as other Commissioned Officers, Serjeants, Corporals, Druras and private Men, amounts to only to ^34,145, 10. o. , whereas were they formed into two regiments, or one Regiment of Fiftys (but that wou'd be quite incongruous) the Expences wou'd amount to ;^39, 152, 6. 8., which makes the aforesaid Difference of ^5,006, 16. 8. Then again, We do not allow our Field Officers Com panies, which, I believe, is the only Instance that can be given, where they are not, and this makes the Difference of three Captains' Pay, for the Country allows in the same Proportion. I have been free enough to offer ray Opinion very candidly, and in that Light I hope it will be received, tho' it may meet with your Honour's Approbation. I had no other Motive in proposing this Scheme but the pleasing hope of serving the Country. If I have mistaken the Means I ara sorry for it, and beg pardon for ray Presumption. As I am convinced that no other Method can be used to raise 2,000 Men but by draughting, I hope to be excused when I again repeat how great Care shou'd be observed in choosing active Marksmen; the raanifest Inferiority of inactive Persons, unused to Arms, as this kind of Service (tho' equal in Numbers), to lively Persons who have practised hunting, is inconceivable — the Chance against them is raore than two to one. Another Thing I hope will raerit the Consideration of the Assembly, and that is that they will put all such Men as are raised for the Ex pedit'n, and in actual Pay, under the same Discipline that ours are at present; Otherwise, I am very well convinced, their good Intentions will prove abortive, and all the Draughts quit the Ser vice as soon or before they are brought into it. I don't con ceive it to be a Hardship to put even Draughts under Martial Law, if they are only taken for a certain Time, which I cou'd wish to [be] the Case, as I thereby hope for better Men. I am Your Honour's raost Obed't H'ble Serv't, G°. Washington. Winchester, Aprh i6th, 1756. P. S.^I have a brother that has long discovered an Inclina tion to enter the Service, but has tih this been disswaded from it by my Mother, who now, I believe, will give consent. I must. 386 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. therefore, beg that if your honour shou'd issue any new Com missions before I come down, that you whl think of him and reserve a Lieutenancy. I flatter myself that he will endeavour to deserve it as well as some that have, and others that may get [them]. I am Y'r honour's most O'b't G°. Washington. COLONEL GEORGE WASHINGTON TO GOV. DINWIDDIE. Winchester, April 19th, 1756. Hon'ble Sir: Since writing ray Letter of Yesterday's date the inclos'd came to hand, by which your hon'r will be inform'd of a very unlucky affair. I imraediately consulted Colo. Innes and such Officers of ray own Regiment as were at this Place on the necessary steps to be taken; they unanimously advis'd that I should remain here with the 50 Recruits that are in Town for the defence of the place tih the Militia are rais'd, that we may thereby compose a Formida ble body and march against the Enemy. This Engagem't hap pen'd within 20 Miles of Winchester, and the Serjeant who brought the account assures me that they have Reason to imagine that their Numbers are greater than the Letter informs. He says that there were many French among them, and that the chief part of the whole were mounted on Horses, so that there is great probability that they may have a design upon this place. I have sent an Express to Lord Fairfax with a copy of Starke's Letter, and wrote to him, as your honor will see by the inclos' d, to raise the Militia with all expedition, but alass ! that is a poor assurance, a very unhappy dependence, tho' our only one at present. I have not time to add more than that I shall endeavour to do the best I can till we have assistance, and that I am Y'r Honour's most Ob't H'ble Serv't, G°. Washington. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 387 COLONEL GEORGE WASHINGTON TO LORD FAIRFAX. My Lord: The inclosed is the Copy of a Letter that came to my Hands by Express this Instant, which I send, in Hopes that your Lordship will give Orders for raising not only a part of the Mihtia of this County, but of the adjacent ones also, and that with the utmost Expedition; otherwise, it is uncertain how far the Enemy may attempt to pursue their Victory. I have con sulted Colo. Innis and the Officers of my Regiment, who are unanimous in Opinion that the Men I have here, which are only 50, should be detained till they are reinforced by the Militia for the defence of the Town, as it is more than probable that the Enemy may extend their Designs to this Place. Notwithstanding I am sensible how much your Lordship will exert yourself on this Occasion, I can't help repeating that nothing but Dispatch can answer our present Purposes; for un less I can throw some Amunition into Edwards's Fort to Night, the Remainder of our Party and the Inhabitants that are there will more than probably fall a Sacrifice to the Indians, as the Bearer, who came off with the inclosed, assures Me that the Fort was surrounded, and that an Assault was expected to-Day. I am Your Lordship's most ob'd't h'ble Serv't, G°. Washington. Winchester, April 19th, 1756. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL WASHINGTON. Apr. 23rd, 1756. ' Sir: Y'r L'r of the 19th ^ Ct. Rutherfurd came to my Hands last Tuesday, but y'rs of the i6th by Express did not reach rae till the Day after. I ara heartily sorry for the death of Capt. Mercer and the other poor Men y't were killed with him. It appears to me y't the Enemy drew them out pretend' g to fly in order to destroy them from y'r lurk'g Place, but it surprizes me y't we do not hear of any of the Enemy being killed; probably, 388 dinwiddie papers. as usual, the[y] Secret[ed] their Dead. It gives me much Con cern to think of Y'r Situat'n, and [I am] sorry our Numb's are so few, and y't the Militia are so backw'd in res'g on so neces sary an Occasion and in such irain't Danger. I ara endeavour' g with the Assembly to hasten the Bill for draught' g the Militia to augm't our Forces to 2,000, and I expect y's Day or To-mor row it wih pass both Houses, and I shall very soon give my Absent to it. Y' r Proposal in reg' d to thera is entirely agreeable to my Proposals to the Ho[use] except'g two more field Officers, but I shall agree thereto, tho' [I] shall not appoint any Officers till I see or hear from You. I have not the least Objection to Your Broth's being a Lieut. The Cherokees propose send'g in 600 Men, if we buhd a Fort in the Upper Cherokee Co'try, w'ch is agreed on, and Maj'r Lewis is appointed to oversee the buhd'g of it, and I shall send 60 Men with him. I have had great Trouble with the Cherokees y't are here, to perswade them to get to F't CumbTd; at last they have consented; there will be ab't 60 of them, and Lieut. Baker has got 14 of the Nottoways, •who are now here and will march To-morrow. I wish I c'd augm't Y'r Forces imediately, so as to scower the Woods of those mischievous Miscreants. Keep up Y'r Spirits, and I hope in Time we shall be able to vanquish thera. The raen draughted from the Militia will be under the same Regulat' n as those now under Y'r Com'd. Lett'rs from Britain leave us sthl in Uncer tainty as to Peace or War. Two Gen' Is are appointed for Amer' a — Lord Loudon and G'l Abercrombie — and it's tho't they will bring over two Battalions, but whether for this Place or N. York rem's uncertain; but it's further s'd H. M. intends to send Blank Corals' s for the Araericans. If so, I doubt not You wih be taken care of Pray examine Y'r Pay M'r in regard to the Stopages for the People's Cloath'g, for I cannot have ray Supplies setded with't Y'r Assistance. I am excessively hurried with the many different Affairs y't I cannot write any more, but that I am, with Respect, S'r, Y'r most h'ble serv't. P. S. — If the Militia are ordered to meet, and do not appear, they sh' d be fined, agreeable to the Act of Assembly. dinwiddie papers. 389 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL INNES. Apr. 23d, 1756. Sir: I rec'd Y'r L'r from the Shannandoa Ferry in Y'r way to Winchester. It gives me much concern y't the Communication from y't Town to the Fort is stop'd, but I hope before y's it is open'd and y't the forces wih be able to drive those inhuman Vermin over the Mount's. A Ship from Londo., after a long Passage, leaves us in great Uncertainty as to Peace or War, tho' it's s'd War w'd be very soon declar'd. L'd Loudon and Lieut. -Co. Abercrombie of the Royal Scotts are appointed Maj'r-Gen'ls, and are destin'd for America and expected they will bring over with them two Battalions, but to w' t Part of the Continent, is uncertain. We shall augraent our Forces to 2,000 and ab't 60 Cherokees have, after long perswasion, consented to raarch to Fort CumbTd, and 600 raore are to corae frora Y'r Nat'n on our building them a Fort, w'ch is agreed on. Maj'r Lewis is appointed to oversee it, and carries with him proper Utensils and 60 Men. I am greatly fatigu'd, and can only add y't I rem'n Y'r raost h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE'S INSTRUCTIONS TO MAJOR AN DREW LEWIS. Apr. 24th, 1756. As it is determin'd to assist the Cherokees in buhd'g a Fort to defend y'r Women and Chhdren from the Insults of the French w'n they go to War in assist'g y'r Bro's, the Enghsh, You are accordingly appointed to overseer the buhd'g of the s'd Fort, I therefore empower you to enlist 60 Men for the s'd Service, and I order You to be careful in enlist' g many Trades men y't can use the Saw and Ax for the Construct' n of the s'd Fort, and You are to give them such Pay as You may think proper, tak'g great Care to be as frugal as possible. I have now 390 dinwiddie papers. given You 700;i^ to purchase lOO head of Beeves to drive along with You for y'r Support, and also to purchase w't Horses You may see necessary for carry'g Y'r Provis's, Tools, &c. I have ordered all necessary Tools for the Service and Provis's neces sary, to be sent to Roanoke. You are therefore to order a good Party of the Men to Warwick in order to escort the s'd Tools and Provis's to Roanoke. When You have enlisted all Y'r Men and got Y'r Provisions, &c., to Roanoke, You are to march with all possible Expedition to Chotte, in the Cherokee Country. When You come to Chotte You are to desire a Council of the Gov'r, Sachems, &c., and let them know y't from the great Love and Esteem y'r Broth's of y's Dom'n have for thera, y't they have, at a very great Expence, sent You, Y'r Men and proper Necessaries to assist the buhd'g of a Fort for the Protect'n of y'r Woraen and Children w'n they go to War. You are to advise with them the proper Plan for erect'g the said Fort, and y't they wih assist You with y'r Young Men in construct' g the same. It's propable You will meet with a num ber of Men from So. Carolina sent by y'r Gov'r to assist in the building of a Fort. You are to take Care to live in great Har mony with them and consult together the most eligible and expeditious Method of finish' g y's necessary Business. When the Fort is properly finish'd You are to return to this Colony with Your Men, and if it is tho't proper to have some Cannon mounted on it and a Garison of Men to be left there to join with the Cherokees in defending it. As So. Caro. is so much nearer to the Cherokees than y's Dominion, it's expected 3-'t they will grant these necessary Supplies. No doubt a Council of the Officers wih be call'd to facilitate and expedite y's under tak' g; I must therefore refer You to the Determination of the s'd Council. You are to take all possible Care to keep up pro per Authority and good Disciphne among Y'r Men. Inculcate Morality, a due dependence and submission to God the Pro tector of all Affairs. You are to advise with the Chiefs of the Cherokees the No. of Warriors they will send in to our As sistance ag'st y'r Enemies and Ours, the Tirae and Place they whl send thera to us y't we may provide suitably to receive them and to send Notice accordingly. You are, on Your March there and back to y's Co'try, to be much on Y'r guard ag'st any Surprize from the Enemy's lurk'g in the Woods. As many dinwiddie papers. 391 Things may occur y't I cannot foresee I must therefore confide in Y'r Care and Circumspect'n in conduct'g y's Affair with Prudence. I heartily wish You Health, a successful Journey and safe return, and I am, S'r, Y'r F'd and h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE'S MESSAGE TO THE CHEROKEE INDIANS. R. D., Esq' re, H. M'y's, (Sfc. To the Sachems and Warriors of the Great Nat'n of the Cherokees. Wishing them much Health and Felicity : Loving Brothers: On Y'r Request I send the Bearer, Maj'r And'w Lewis, and a No. of Y'r Bro's, with proper Utensils to construct a Fort in Y'r Upper Co'try for the Defence and Pro tect'n of Y'r Women and Children w'n You go to War ag'st Y'r Enemies and Ours. I therefore desire You will receive the Bearer kindly, who has my Orders to consult with You the most proper Place for construct' g the Fort. It goes throw many Dangers, thick Woods and many Rivers to shew the Es teem and Love we have for the brave Cherokees, w'ch I hope wih brighten the Chain of F'dship so long subsist' g between Y'r Bro's, the Engl., and Y'r Nat'n, w'ch I sincerely wish maycon- tiiiue as long as the Mount's rem'n and Rivers run. He has my Orders to consult with You ¦ the No. of Warriors You will send to join our Forces ag'st our Eneraies, the Time and Place You will send them, y't I may give Directions to provide for them -accordingly. You may be assur' d the young Men You have sent to the Coledge here for Education shall be properly taken care of And I always am Your very lov'g Bro. Given, &c., Apr. 23d, 1756. [Memorandum]. — 1754, May 2d, this Day arriv'd a Compa. of Men from So. Carolina under the Com'd of Capt. McKay. 392 dinwiddie papers. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL WASHINGTON. Apr. 28th, 1756. Sir : I rec'd Y'r L'r by y's Exp's last Night, and y's morn'g laid all the L'rs before the Ho. of Burgesses, and really it gives me great Uneasiness and Concern to observe the dismal Situat'n our Back Settlers are in, and w'n I consider the slowness of the Ho. in raising Men. I have sent Expresses to the Counties of Fairfax, Frederick, Prince Wm., Culpeper, Orange, Stafford, Spotsylvania, Caroline, Albemarle and Louisa, ordering the Comd'g Officers of each to march one-half to Y'r whole Mihtia iraediately to Winchester, and I shall send directly to Frede ricksburg 40 bis. Powdef-, 5,000 Small Arms, with Shott and Flints, to Commissary Walker, who goes up from this [place] to take the necessary Care in disbursing the same. I am excess ively hurried in writ'g the above Dispatches y't I can write no more at present, but, recomend'g You to the Protect'n of God, I rem'n, S'r, Y'r most h'ble serv't. RECEIPT FOR AMMUNITION. W'msb'g, Apr. 26th, 1756. Rec'd of Mr. A. Finnic, on board the Boutweh Shalop, Jno. White, Mr., 40 bis. Gun Powder, 20 Chests of Arms, 6,000 W't of Bah, and a bagg of Flints, ah w'ch I oblige myself to d[live]r to Mr. Wm. Cunningham, Merch' t, in Falmouth, with all hast. ^ me, John White. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COUNTY LIEUTENANTS. Apr. 27th, 1756. This Letter sent to the Lieut's of the Coun ties undermentioned : Sir : Hav'g rec'd repeated Advices from Co. Washington and Other of our Off's, of the contin'd Invasion and cruel Murders dinwiddie papers. 393 of the Fr. and Y'r Ind's on the Front's of y's Dom'n, of y'r at tack' g our Fortresses and by threatening to dismantle all our Fortifications and to make Prisoners of all Opponents, I can no longer forbear exert' g the Power I have from H. M'y, and do accordingly, with the Advice of the Counch, order and Com'd You, imediately on receipt hereof, to summons all the Militia of Y'r Co'try to appear imediately at a certain Rendezvous ap pointed by You, with Y' r Arms and Amraunit' n and as much Provision as may be portable by each Man, in order to draught out one-half of the most chosen Men, on or before the loth of May, and w'n there, to consult with and receive Direct's from Co. Geo. Washington. I have ordered a qu'ty of Small Arms, Powder, Ba^pAnd Flints j^ Fredericksburg for Service of y's Reinforcement, to be issued to the Poor and such as are not able to purchase. I expect Y'r ^mediate Compliance with these my Comd's, y't no Tirae may be, lost in being at the Gen'l Rendez vous at Winchester, and y's'^hah be Y'r Warrant; and I am, Sir, Y'r h'ble Servant. Fairfax, Frederick, Prince Wm., Culpeper, Orange, Stafford, Spotsylvania, Caroline, Albermarle and Louisa. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO MAJOR LEWIS. Apr. 28th, 1756. Sir: By y's Express You have a L'r to the Com'd'g Officer of Y'r Co'ty, w'ch peruse and give Orders in conformity thereto. As the Fr. and the Ind's have invested Winchester, I have or der'd the Mihtia of ten Counties to Y'r Assistance, but the Cherokees will be of very great u^. I therefore desire You to prevail with them to march imediately for Winchest'r, and tell Capt. Pearis to shew them all possible Respect, and encourage them to make quick Marches to join our People, who, I believe, wih amo. to 4,000 Men. The Enemy are reported to be upwards ofone thous'd, tho' probably they may not be so nuraerous, but Colo. Washington writes very earnestly for the Ind's, and I de- 394 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. pend on You to see them forwarded. I hope You will loose no Time in prosecut'g the Service You are appoint'd to, and w'n You come to the Cherokees, see if You can prevail with them to send a No. of Y'r Warriors to attack the Shawnesse in Y'r Towns; if they do, it will be of infinite Service, and maybe con ducted with more secresy y'n from y's. Write me by y's Exp's, and I hope to have an Acc't of the Cherokees' march to Win'r. As Dispatch is greatly necessary, I doubt not of Y'r exert' g Y'r Self to the utmost of Y'r Power. Wish'g You Health, I rem'n sincerely, S'r, Y'r most h'ble serv't P. S. — You must be very solicitous w'n You get to Chotte, for some of Y' r Warriors to corae into our Assistance, for I fear our Militia, with't being join'd with some Ind's, will not be able to defeat the Enemy, who are chiefly Ind's. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GENERAL SHIRLEY. Apr. 28th, 1756. Sir : I sh'd have wrote You before y's time, but have waited a Mo. on our Assembly, which still rein's sitting. On y'r first meeting I did in my Speech to thera press an Assistance of Men and Mo. for the Exped't'n under Y'r Conduct ag'st Crown Point and Niagara, as You may observe by the Speech enclos'd; but after some time they resolv'd y't they c'd give no Assistance to those necessary Operat's of either Men or Money. I have strongly solicited for Money, as by the enclos'd resolve. They tho't it imprudent to part with any Men, as we have too many Negroes in y's Dom'n, and the enemy continuing y'r barbari ties on our frontier settlements; but I cannot prevah with them, and am heartily sorry to acquaint You y't You can have no De pendence on any Assistance from y's, and, indeed, I cannot re cruit Men to augment our Forces to 1,000. Last Week I had L'rs from Co. Washington acquaint'g me y't the Enemy, to the No. of 200 Fr. and Ind's, have cut off the Communicat'n from Winches- DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 395 ter to Fort CumbTd ; y't they have kih'd many of our People, two of onr Officers and fifteen private Men; y't they had burnt many of our Smah Forts, sumon'd another to surrender, and he says he hears they had besieg'd Fort CumbTd with i,ooo Men. Under y's miserable Situat'n of our Affairs, I c'd not depend on enlist' g Men, but immediately gave Orders to raise the Mili tia of ten contiguous Counties, one-half of them to be march'd imediately to Winchester, w'ch I think will amo. to 3,000 Men. To endeav'r to scour the Woods of those barbarous Enemies, in our present Situat'n, You may observe how unable we are to assist You to the No'w'd, but rather want help to protect our selves. Pensylva'a has voted ;^6o,ooo [and] rais'd 1,200 Men at i8d. ^ Day Pay, w'ch raakes a great Distract'n am'g the Forces in our Pay, y't have only 8d. Subsistence. It's what I always dreaded, and I tho't it more eligible (as I formerly wrote You) y't the Colonies sh'd raise Money to be deposited in a gen'l Bank, then to raise the Men when they could, and y'r Pay to be ascertain'd and fix'd by the Comraander-in-Chief, and y'r w'd be no Dispute in reg' d thereto. M' yl' d has not acted with Spirit. If they have voted any Mo. , they have rais' d no Men y' t I hear of Our Assembly has voted ,^25,000, but on the above melancholly Acc't, I have apphed to them to increase the Sum for pay'g and maintain'g the Militia order' d to Winchester, in w' ch I have hopes of Success. We have no Field P'ss or Ingineers, w'ch is a monstrous Loss. You will observe our pres't Situat'n, and from the Number of Fr. and Ind's about Fort Curab'l'd, I ara of Opinion they must have many Men sent down the River Ohio. We killed one of Y' r Officers and some Men. In the pocket of the Officer we found his Instruct's from the Com'd't at Fort Duquesne, ordering him to destroy our Magazine of Provis's, &c., at Conegachege, on w'ch we imediately reinforc'd that Place with more Men. The Expedit'n ag'st the Shawnesse prov'd unsuccessful after six Weeks in the Woods. The Rivers they were to cross were much swell' d from the Raines and Snows; lost several canoes with Provis's and Amunit'n; they were forc'd to return in a starv'g condit'n, khling y'r Horses for Food. The Com'rs are not yet return'd from the Cherokees, but write me they were in good Temper, and at pres't fix'd to our Int' t, but would not send us any more men unless we buht them a strong Fort to defend Y'r Women and Children w'n 396 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. they went to war. Y's Fort, I expected, was built by y's Time; he, [Governor Glen], having had from me ;^i,ooo St'g towards it. The French have built a Fort about Six Days' Journey from y's Town, and have been tamper'g with them with great Prom ises, w'ch they s'd they must comply with, if we did not buhd the Fort as they desir'd. They say y'r Nation has 4,000 fight'g Men. I imediately applied to the Assembly to qualify me to execute y's necessary Affair, and they address'd me y't if I would advance ^800 of the Mo. remaining in my Hands, they would vote the further Supply, w'ch I agreed to, as I think it absolutely necessary to secure these People to our Int' t, and I hope it will raeet with Y'r Approbat'n In Consequence thereof I have appoint'd Maj'r Lewis to oversee the construct'g of the Fort to be built in the Upper Cherokee Co' try, and have sent with hira sixty Men and all proper Tools and Workraen for y' t Service. He left y's on Sunday last, and I expect So. Caro. wih join in helping us. There were sixty Cherokees here, who I have prevah'd on to join our Forces and to march to Winchester. They left y's Monday last with 16 ofthe Nottoway Ind's, w'ch is all I can do at pres't, and shall be glad if it meets with Y'r appro bat'n. We are very barren of News from England; no Ships but what have had long passages. They report y't Lord Loudon and G'l Abercrombie are com'g out with three Regim'ts, but [I] have no L'rs acq't'g me thereof Since Writ'g the above, I have very melancholy Acc'ts from Co. Washington, y't the Enemy is very near Winchester, murder'g the People and de stroy'g all before them. I am very assiduous in rais'g the Militia, but we are very much in want of Arms from Horae. I ara order'd to apply to You for Supply, w'ch, if not already order'd, I desire You wih please do it imediately. The Party y't went ag'st the Shawnesse, took three French Men in y'r way to Fort Du Quesne. They prove to be Neutrals y't were sent to So. Caro. Those sent here behave ill and have had fre quent Cabals with our Negroes. The Legislature have deter min'd to Pay y'r Passage to Britain y't we may be rid of these intestine Enemies. I hope You'll excuse the Length of y's L'r, w'ch I c'd not weh abreviate, and I hope for a L'r from You on ret'n of y's Express, and I rem'n with due regard and Respect, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't h'ble serv't. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 397 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR SHARPE. Apr. 28th, 1756. Sir: With't doubt You have acc't of the many Robberies and Murd's lately comit' d by the Fr. and Ind's on the Front's of y's and Y'r Gov't. Last Night I had L'rs frora Colo. Wash ington, from Winchester, acq't'g me y't the Enemy was within a few Miles of y't Town and threaten' d to invest it imediately. The Inhabit'ts of the Co'ty of Frederick have abandon' d y'r Plantat's and come over the blue Ridge for Safety. On the several repeated raelancholy Acct's frora thence, I c'd not think it prudent to delay any Time in endeavouring to enlist Men. But two Days ago, I sent out Orders to raise the Mihtia of the Counties contiguous to Winchester, with Orders to march imediately to y't Place to lepell the Invasion and Depredat's of the Enemy, and I suppose You will think it proper to raise Y'r Militia to prevent any further Progress of the barbarous Ban ditti. And I am of Opinion no Time is to be lost in doing it, w'ch makes me send y's by Express. Our Assembly [is] still sitt'g; have voted _;^25,ooo for the Expedit'n, but since the above Acc'ts I have desir'd they would vote a further sura to Pay and maintain the Militia now order'd to the Frontiers, w'ch I have reason to think they will coraply with. No News from Brit'n, but of an old date. It's said Lord Loudon and Gen'l Abercrombie are appointed Gen' Is for America, and y't they are to bring with them three Regira'ts, but y's wants Confir mat'n, as I have no Acc'ts of it from any of the ministry. We daily expect some Vessels from England, if there is not an Em bargo. The Expedit'n ag'st the Shawnesse proved unsuccessful after six Weeks' March in the Woods. The Rivers they were to cross were so much swell' d from the great Fall of Rain and Snow, they lost several Canoes with Provis's and Amunit'n, on w'ch they were oblig'd to return in a starving Condit'n, kih'g y'r Horses for Food. The Com'rs are not yet ret'd from the Cherokees, but write me they were in goofd Teraper, and fix' d to our Int't, but w'd not send us any more of their Warriors tih we buht them a strong Fort to protect y'r Women and Chil dren w'n they went to War. I was in hopes y's Fort had been built, as the Gov'r of So. Caro. had from me, some Time since, ;^i,ooo St'g for y't Service. The French have a Fort ab't Six 398 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. Days' Journey from the Cherokee Town. They have been tam per'g with them with great Promises, w'ch they s'd they must comply ivith if we did not build the Fort they desir'd. The No. of fighting Men in y'r Nat'n is computed to be 4,000. On re ceipt of y's L'r, I imediately applied to the Assembly to qualify me to execute y's Affair, and they readhy voted ;^2,ooo for y's Service, and I have appointed Maj'r Lewis to oversee the con struct'g of y's Fortress; have order'd sixty Men with him; pro per Tools, Provis's, &c. I expect the Gov. of So. Caro. will assist us, as I think it an Affair of the greatest Consequence to secure the Cherokees to our Int't — made me more assiduous and I am glad it has succeeded. Lewis left y's on Sunday last to provide all necessaries for his March. I want to know w't Y'r Assembly has done, and if any Th'g is tho't of the other side of the Allegany, if we sh'd be so lucky as to defeat the Enemy on our Frontiers, I rem'n with Respect, Y'r Ex's most h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR MORRIS. Apr. 28th, 1756. Sir: This is to inforin You of the miserable Situat'n of our Affairs on our PVont's. The Fr. and Ind's have cut off the Comunicat'n between Fort CumbTd and Winchester; have comitted many cruel Murders, Robberies and Devastation am'g the poor Back Settlers, and by the last L'rs they have invested the Town of Winchester with a great No. of y'r People, and they further report y't they have besieg'd Fort CumbTd with 500 Men, Fr. and Ind's. These disagreeable Acc'ts oblig'd me to give Orders for sumons' g the Militia of eleven contiguous Counties to Winchester, and I hope, w'n collected together, they will amo. to 4,000 Men, who I have order'd to march di rectly for W t'r, to repell the Fury ofthe Invaders and protect our back Settlements, w'ch, I hope, whl answer rny Expectat's.** "" It is indicated that the clause relating to the Shawnee Expedition, as given in the preceding letters, is, at this point, included in the present letter. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 399 We have late Acc'ts from Brit'n y't Lord Loudon, Lieut. -Gen'l, is destin'd for America, to be Com'd'r-in-Chief of the Forces and Gov'r of y's Dom'n, in the room of L'd Albermarle, and y't Major-Gen' 1 Abercrombie comes with him, second in Com'd, and y't they are to bring with them a Battallion of the Royal Scots, Otway's Regim't, the Highland Regim't, and some others to the amo. of 3,000 Men, and y't L'd London is to raise three Regim'ts here on the British Establishm't, y't the Transports were taken up, and many of the Men embark'd. I presume they will be order'd to New York. I wish one of the Regim'ts were order'd here, for we are in a dismal Situat'n on our Front's. My L'rs further say, y't every Member of the Assembly in Am'a must take the Oaths, &c. This, I suppose, is pointed at Y'r Gov't; And y't the Parliam't had voted _;^i 15,000 for N. Engl'd, New York and the Jerseys, w'ch gives great Umbrage to our People, as they really acted with Spirit and voted ;^i 20,000 for the Expedit'n, and tho't themselves entitled to the Royal Favour, but no doubt You will have more perfect Acc'ts ^ the Packet, and probably the Forces may be at N. York by this Time. I must, therefore, leave off, wishing You Health and Happiness, I rem'n. Sir, Y'r most h'ble serv't. Memorandum. — Wrote copy of Gov'r Morris's Let'r to Gov'r Hardy, Gov'r Belcher, and Gov'r Dobbs. MINUTES OF A COURT-MARTIAL HELD AT WINCHESTER. At a Gen'l Court-Martial held at Winchester, May 2d, 1756 : Capt Robert Steuart, President ; Capt. Spotswood, Capt. Harrison, Lieut. Buhett, Capt. Woodward, Capt. Lewis, Lieut. Stark, Lieut. Blagg, Lieut. Lomax, Lieut. Lowry, Members. Lieut. Eustace, Lieut. Williams, ^ Lieut. King. Sergeant Nathan Lewis, accused for retreating with a party of Men without orders and not going to the Assistance of Capt.! 400 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. John Mercer when Engaged with the Indians the i8th April, nigh Edwards Fort. Lieut. Lemon, first Evid'ce Sworn, says he ordered Serg't Lewis to go out with him from the Fort with about thirty raen, which he carr'd out, and at the same time order'd Lewis shou'd go upon the right with a few ofthem, and so keep up with him as to be able to join him upon an attack; but after marching a sraah Distance he found himself Deserted by half his men, together with Lewis. Mr. Lemon continued his march till he overtook Lieut. Williams, when the Engage ment Began. But Lewis was not there and was found in the Fort on return. Serg't Sallard, Sworn, says; Serg't Lewis Left the Fort when the other Party Did, and return'd to the Fort a Little before them. John Beard, Sworn, says: Serg't Lewis ask'd him and the other Soldiers with hira to go upon the right of Lieut Lemon's party, and that they went about a mile, which brought them nigher the Fort, and seeing a Dog they Persued him; then hear ing Guns fire the^y] consulted what to do, and seeing Mr. Blagg's party, joined them, and that Lewis and he was never out of the Pasture till they join'd Lieut. Blagg's party on their Retreat. The Deponent says that Lewis seeme'd very willing to join Lieut. Blagg's party. John Whiffie sworn, says that he and Lewis and the others march'd up the Pasture after Leaving Lieut. Lemon's party; there they heard some Guns fire, and Stopt sometirae, consulting what to do. Lewis was ask'd if they had not best join the party Engaged, to which he Answer'd 'twas Dangerous, and they might be shot by their own Men as well as the Indians, as they knew not which side they were engaged upon. The)- afterwards, seeing a party corae out of the Fort, the Deponent ask'd Lewis if he wou'd not join them, but he said it was too Late, and that they wou'd retreat before they cou'd join them. He further says, several ofthe men ran to Lieut. Blagg's party, and he and Lewis being left, they return'd to the Fort. Serj't Lewis, in Defence, says, that Lieut. Lemon order'd him to go up a Valley on the right (which Lieut. Lemon denies, as allso that there was such a Valley) with Lemon; he there March'd and Expected to meet Mr. Lemon, as he had promised to join him at the Head of the Vahey (which Lieut. Lemon also denies), But DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 401 when he came there, he went in Pursuit of an Indian Dog w'ch he saw. It's the unanimous opinion of the Court that Serj't Lewis's conduct is a manifest Breach of the 12th Article of War, 14th Section, (viz. : whatsoever Officer or Soldier shall Misbehave himself before the Enemy, or sharaefuhy abandon any post com mitted to his Charge, or shall speek words inducing others to do the Like, shall suffer Death) and merits the punishment thereby inflicted. Robert Stewart, [Wax Seal] P't. H. Woodward,'' [Wax Seal] Robert Spotswood, " Charles Lewis, '^ " Henry Harrison, " Wilham Stark, Thomas Bullitt, " Approved by. Sir, John Blagg, " Y'r H'ble Serv't, Hanc'k Eustace, " G°. Washington. H. Lomax, " John Williams, " John Lowry, " John King, GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL WASHINGTON. May 3d, 1756. Sir: I am sincerely concern' d for Your Situation from the raany flying Parties of Fr. and Ind's, but I hope before y's reaches " Henry Woodward, it appears, was an Englishman, who was first appointed Lieutenant upon the recommendation of James Abercromby, and subsequently promoted. He was voted thanks and a gratuity of ^30 by the Assembly for gallantry at Fort Necessity. He was present at the defeat of Braddock. ^ Captain, subsequently Major Charles Lewis, a younger brother of Colonel Andrew Lewis, was born in 1736 ; killed October 10, 1774, at the battle of Point Pleasant ; married Sarah Murray, a half sister of Colonel Cameron, of Bath county. Left issue. 402 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. You y't a large Body of Mhitia are at Winchester to reinforce You, and, if possible, to drive the Enemy over the Allegany Mount's. Besides the Militia, there are to be Drafts from each Co'ty to compleat y'r Regim't to 1,500 or 2,000 Men, but I fear it wih be a Mo[nth] or more before they are all drafted. I ob serve Co. Stephens's L't's vindicat' g his Conduct. I hope the Reports were with't Foundat'n, and in course Mahtious. I ap prove, for the Reasons You assign, the fortify' g of Win'r, and w'n the Militia arrives You may employ some of them on y't Business, and if they expect Extra Pay for y't Service You must agree with them accordingly. There are 10 Cannon at Rock Creek, with the Ball and all other Appurtenances, of the same Weight as those at F't CumbTd. If You can get clear of the cruel Invaders You may send for them and mount them at Win'r. As to the Provis's to the poor Distress'd y't have fled to You for protect'n, Humanity calls on You to grant them Re lief, and I am purswaded Y'r good Nature herein will be ap proved of by every Person. We are in great want of Lead now in the Magazine after the 3 Tons sent up to Fredericksburg. Do you know w't Qu'ty is now at F't Curaberlaud? I am now send'g up some more Powder and Small Arms to Alexandria. I have order'd every Th'g in ray Power y't I c'd conceive ne cessary for Y'r Relief, and I wish it was further in ray Power to send Forces sufficient for extricat'g the Men and the poor Fron tier Inhab'ts frora the Cruelty of a barbarous Eneray, and I doubt not in a short Time to turn the Tables on thera. Keep up Y'r Spirits, and [I] hope y't ah will be right soon. If they have order'd some of the Forces from Britain here it will be \'ery agreeable, but at pres't I cannot tell where they are to be landed. The Gent'n have enter'd into an Association to come to Y'r as sistance. Each is to maint'n two Volunteers at his own Cost, to be Com' d'd by the Atto. Gen'l. I rem'n with Prayers with Y'r Protect'n, and am. Sir, Y'r most h'ble serv't. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 403 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE'S ADDRESS TO THE GENERAL AS SEMBLY. Gent, of the Council, Mr. Speaker and Gent, of the Ho. of Burgesses : May 5th, 1756. I thank You for the several Votes of Supply granted y's Session for Protect'n of our Frontiers and defeat'g the mischievous, unjust Invasion, Robberies and Murders ofthe cruel Enemy, and I hope it will have the desir'd effect. Gent'n of the Ho. of Burgesses, I cannot help Express'g my Resentm't at the great Indignity offer'd the Supream Court of y's Colony by send'g y'r Mace Bearer within the Bar and taking away such ofthe Ministers of that Court as were Members of Y'r Ho., and thereby Obstruct'g in sorae Measure the Course of Justice (w'ch is an unprecedented Step). You raust all be sensible y't the Reputat'n and Prosperity of a Co'try depends as much upon a due and orderly administrat'n of Justice as upon the Power of mak'g Laws. These, however wisely formed, will be always in effectual and useless unless properly carried into Execut'n. Gent'n, I recommend to You, w'n You go to Y'r respective Counties, to use Y'r influence in having the Militia properly col lected together, Exercis'd and ready on a Call for the Protect'n of our Country in these perilous Times. I wish You an agreeable Recess, and I think proper to pro rogue You to , and You are accordingly prorogu' d to y't Time. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO MAJOR LEWIS. May 5th, 1756. Sir : I rec'd Y'r L'r of the ist of May from Albemarle, and am sorry for Colo. Stewart's Acc't of the Indians, and am greatly surprized at the Supineness of the People in Augusta to be in timidated at the approach of a few Ind's, who if they attack'd with comon resolut'n, they w'd defeat y'r Designs ; instead thereof they most sharaefuhy run from them. They are always 404 dinwiddie papers. solicit'g for Anns and Amunit'n. Of the first I have none, and Powder and Lead they have been supplied with more from me y'n any six Counties in y's Dom'n, andas they have not exerted themselves in any Action ag'st the Eneray I fear those Supplies have been raisapplied, but, sthl, if they want a little Powder I can supply thera if they will send for it, as the other Counties do, but I have no Lead. The Waggon employ'd by Colo. Pat ton last Year was never ret' d, and the Co'try will be oblig' d to pay for it. I have wrote to Colo. Jefferson to assist You with the Mhitia of his Co'ty, but You are on no Acc't to rem'n in Augusta, as the next Off'r must take the Com'd agreeable to ray L'r by the Express, and You are with all possible dispatch to prosecute the Orders You have for march'g to the Cherokee Co'try, and let me know w'n You march, for no Time is to be lost. Give proper Direct's to Capt. Hogg to assist the People in Augusta, and I hope, agreeable to w't I formerly advised. You have got the Cherokees to march for Winchester. Be sure rto use all possible Dispatch in proceed'g accord'g to Y'r Orders from me. I wish You Health, and am. Sir, Y'r F'd and h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE'S INSTRUCTIONS TO THE SEVERAL COUNTY LIEUTENANTS. May 5th, 1756. Sir : As by the late Act of Assem. You are order'd to make a Draught from the Mihtia of Y'r Co'ty for the Service ag'st the Fr. and Ind's y't have invaded our Back Co'try, after You have compleated Y'r Draught of Men agreeable to the Act of Assem bly, You are hereby Command'd to give the Men in Charge to one of Y'r Maj'rs, to be by hira march'd to Fredericksb'g, where there will be Officers appointed to receive and march them to join our other Forces. It's expected y't the Men draughted to be provided with Arms and Amunition, and y't You give due Obedience to y's Order and oblige, Sir, Y'r h'ble serv't DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 405 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL JEFFERSON. May 5th, 1756. Sir : I rec'd Y'rs of the ist of y's Mo. I am sorry for the Acc't Colo. Stewart gives of the Fear the People in Augusta are in. I am apprehensive they are soon surpriz'd, and of Opinion y't not many Ind's are at the Place mention'd. If they had only col lected a few of the Militia they might probably have dispers'd them. However, in considerat'n of Y'r Representat'n I now re call my former Orders to You for 'yi Y'r Militia to raarch for Winchester and now order the 'yi of Y'r Militia to raarch to Au gusta Co'ty to clear the Front's of those barbarous Murderers, and I ara in hopes w'n You join the Militia of Augusta You will be able to repel any Force the Eneray raay send ag'st You. I send You enclos'd the last Act of Assembly for Your Governra't. I am griev'd Your People are in want of Bread, w'ch is not in my Power properly to supply. The Mhitia remain'g in y's Co'ty must be oblig'd to d'ble Duty in Patrolling dur'g the Ab sence of the Others. I think it absolutely necessary for Y'r Men to march iraediately to Augusta, y't it raay fachitate Maj'r Lewis in execut' g his Orders frora me to the Cherokee Co'try. Arms, I have none. There are two bis. of Powder for Your Co'ty and four for Augusta (but I have no Lead), w'ch please forward to the Comd'g Officer with all necessary Expedit'n. The People in y's Co'ty are constantly apply' g for Amunit'n. I have sent them many bis., and as they have never engag'd with the Enemy, I fear w't I sent has been misapplied. There are two bis. of Lead at Petersb'g, w'ch I have order'd to Y'r Care. Spare some of it to the Augusta People. I am oblig'd to buy Pigg Lead to cast into Bulletts. You raust do the same. I am, S'r, Y'r h'ble serv't. 406 dinwiddie papers. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL WASHINGTON. May 8th, 1756. Sir: Y'r L'r of the 3d I rec'd Yesterday, and observe it's Con tents. I rec'd the Ind'n Scalp, and doubt not but many more were kih'd in y't small Skirraish. I am glad the Ind's are gone over the All'y Mount's, but I can't believe 'em so nuraerous as represented, unless they have prevah'd on the Twightwees to join with 'era, and I am of Opin'n if You c'd send a Message to 'em by sorae trusty Ind'n to let 'em know our Intent's ag'st the Fr. , and the No. of Warriors sent by Y' r Father, the King, to exterpate the Fr. and to protect Y'r Lands, they w'd continue Steddy in our Int't, for they never will forget the Insults and Murd's comitted ag'st 'em by the Fr. in the Year 1752. We must not be too secure, for probably the Ind's are gone to the F't with Y'r Plunder and may ret'n reinforced, or more proba bly are ordered to the No'w'd, where the greatest Push is in tended ag'st 'era, but we must be on our guard. I have, by y's Exp's, wrote to F'ksb'g, to stop the rest of the Mhitia march'g for Winchester and the Draughts from the different Co' t's to compleat Y'r Regim't. I have order'd to be march'd to F'ksb'g by the Majors of each Co'ty, where I expect they will be the End of y's Mo. I therefore desire You to send some of the best and most sedate of Y'r Officers to F'ksb'g by the last of the Mo., to receive thera from the different Majors to be march'd to You. A Chain of Forts are propos'd and an Asso ciation of Gent'n are determin'd to be at F'ksb'g by the 25th, in their Way to You; these Gentlemen will march from the North to South, with Your Advice, to propose the proper Places to erect these Forts. I have given Orders to be particu larly careful in making the Draughts of each County by choos ing the best of their y'g Men. As to a Plan of Operations, what can I concert when our neighbouring Colonies are asleep and afford us no Assistance? No great Gunns or Engineers to attack their Fort, which I much desire to be on the offensive, but as we are now situated, we can only remain on the defencive to protect our frontiers, unless vve should be assisted by L'd Loudon, for which Purpose, Colo. Ludwell goes to N. York with a Representation of our present Affair, and to desire his Assist- dinwiddie PAPERS. 407 ance, which, if agreed to, I fear whl come too late for the year, so that on the whole I much depend on Y' r conduct'g the forces in the most eligible manner for the protection of the People on our frontiers, by perswading the Inhabitants to return to their Plantations, and directing, by proper Signals, their repairing to the Forts contiguous to them on any Emergency when the Draughts arrive with You, You whl then be able to dispose of Your forces in a more regular Manner by each Capt. having the Com' d of his own Corapany at such places that You, by a Coun cil of War, may order, and their pay may then be properly sent to them. I cou'd not prevale on the Assembly to put the Arti cles of War in force, but as it is now by their Act, You may conduct them pretty weh, and I think the Act provides against Cowardice or Corisponding with the Enemy, and as to their Neglect, You may venture to take it on Yourself by inflicting corporal Punishment for quitting their post or sleeping on their posts. The Asserably was prorogued last Friday, so nothing more can be expected at present. I hope e'er this You have Mhitia sufficient till the Draughts join You, having stopped any more from raarching to Winchester. I hope this whl be deliv ered You at fort Cumberland, and that You find Affairs in a much better Condition than they were represented here. Clothes for the Men I can't supply, as no Ships are arrived. And I think if the Men lately enlisted and not cloath' d shou' d have no stoppage made if that will satisfye them till cloath'd. You shou' d have wrote to the Treasurer on that head, as You know I do not raeddle with their Money. The Comissary must be with You before this. He carr'd some Money with him, and I wrote to the Treasurer to send him more. I ara sensible You must have much fatigue, but hope soon Affairs wih be more reg ular than it possibly cou'd be under the late great Surprize and unexpect'd Invasion. I sent You a death Warrant for shooting Sergeant Lewis, which, I doubt not, you whl order to have exe cuted by having as many of the forces present as You can that he may be a publick Exaraple to deterr others from such like Offences, Crime for which he suffers. I p'd Jenkins till the Time You were order'd a Military Chest, and You are to con tinue to pay him, as it's a necessary Service, and I shall support You therein. Pray God protect and direct You in every thing 408 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. for the Service of the King and Country, and I remain, with Esteem and regard, Y'r most h'ble serv't. P. S. — Enclos'd You have the Act of Assembly. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO HENRY FOX, ESQ'R. May loth, 1756. R't Hon.: Last Fall a No. of Fr. Neutrals were imported here from N. Scotia, and I prevah'd on the Council to receive and maintain them thi the Ass'y met; Y'n in ray Speech I recom'd them to the Ho. of Burgesses to vote an Allowance for 'em and to disperse 'era to the different Co' t's in y's Dora'n, but they were entirely averse to y'r rera'g any longer here, w'ch You may ob serve by y'r Resolve and Add's to me on y't Subject, here en clos'd. They behav'd here very rautinously, and were tamper'g with the Negroe Slaves, w'ch, together with Y'r Invas'n of ye Fr. and Ind's on our Front's, made our People extremely un easy, and they w'd not vote an Allow' ce for y'r maint'ce. I was bro't to a Necessity of assent'g to y'r be'g transport' d to Brit'n at the Charge of y ' s Colony. In Consequence thereof, a Coraittee of the Ho. of Burgesses have hired Vessells to transport ' em to Brit'n, and y's coraes by Ship Bobby Goodridge, Boush Master, bound to Portsraouth, with 300 of these People on b'd. The Ship must rem'n there till you are pleas'd to direct w't is to be done with 'em. I hope y's step wih raeet with y'r Approbat'n, as I c'd not shun consent' g thereto frora the gen'l Clamour of the whole Co'try. I hope it whl appear more eligible y'n y'r remain'g here, as it's more y'n probable they w'd have found means to have join'd the Fr. on the Ohio. Our Com'rs I sent to the Catawbas and Cherokees are just ret'd. They have ent'd into a treaty, offensive and defensive with both those Nat's, but I could not possibly have it transcrib'd fair to send You, but shall, in a short time, transraitt the whole. Sir, Ab't 10 Days ago I rec'd a L'r from Co. Washington, who is at Winchester, a DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 409 Town on our Front's, acquaint'g me y't the Fr. and Ind's to the amo. of some thous'ds (as he says), had invaded our Back Settlem'ts, comitted the greatest Cruelt's by murder'g many of our Sub's without the least reg'd to Age or Sex, and burnt a great Many Houses. W't ofthe poor Peo. y't escaped y'r Fury have left y'r ah and come down the Co'try for protect'n. They have cut off the Comunicat'n between F't CumbTd and Winch'r, threat' d to beseige F't CumbTd and burn the Town of Winch'r. On the first Notice thereof, I ord'd the Militia of ten Co't's the most contiguous to Win'r, to be rais'd, and one half of 'em to march imediately to the relief of the poor Sufferers, and to open the Communicat'n between the Fr. and the Town. On y'r March the Banditti dispersed, went over the Ahegany Mount's to y' r Fort on the Ohio, whether to reinforce and ret'n, or order'd up the Ohio to the Defence of Niagara and Crown Point, I know not. As it's impossible to enlist Men here, I have got an Act of Assembly pass'd to make a Draught from the Militia to com plete our Regim ,t to 1,150 Men, with whom we must rem'n on the Defensive, hav'g no Cannon to make an Attempt ag'st y'r F't on the Ohio. Y'r were four twelve Pr's bro't here from the Ordnance Office, but G'l Shirlej' sent his positive Orders to send them to New York. We want Arms. I was directed to Apply to G'l Shirley for thera. I have wrote several L'rs to y't Gent, but as yet no Answer, and I have not Arms for the Men w'n rais'd. On these Acc'ts nothing more can be done here y'n to protect our Front's from these unjust Invaders. I wish it had been concerted at Home to have sent some Regulars to our Assistance, for we are in a miserable Situat'n, the undisciplin'd Mhitia raight be of great use if join'd with Regul's. I have no L'r from Home, but frora private Hands, y't the Earl of Loudon is to com'd the Forces on y'r Cont't, but where he is to come is uncert'n. Suppo'g he is to land at N. York I send one of the Council to him with a distinct Acc't of the pres't Situat'n of the Aff's in y's Dom'n and to desire his Cora'ds and Assist'ce. In the meantime, I shall do every Th'g in my Power to repell the force of the Enemy and protect our Front's from y'r Barbarities. As I have have been greatly engaged in ordering the Militia, &c., I hope You will excuse my enlarg'g; but in a Fortnight's Time shall write You more fully, and I am with great Def and due Respect. R't Hon. Y'r most faithful h'ble Serv't. 410 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. Memorandum. — This L'r sent ^ the following Ships, viz't : Snow Fanny, Malcome Bowie, 220 ; Industry, Alex'r Ramsey, 250. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO JAMES ABERCROMBY, ESQ., AND MESSRS. HANBURY. May loth, 1756. Sir: The Neutrals y' t were imported here last Fall by a Resolve of our Ho. of Burgesses are order'd to be transported to G. B., w'ch all the Argum'ts I c'd use c'd not prevah on 'em to allow to rem'n in y's Co'try. Their Argum'ts ag'st it were the great No. of Negroes we have, and they were observ'd tamper'g with thera; No. Rom'n Catho's, and they are great Bigots; the Fr. and Ind's invad'g our Back Co'try, and tho't these People w'd soon find a way to join them. Y'n I had no Mo. to maint'n 1,100 People, and they positively affirm'd they w'd vote Noth'g for 'em, but y't they w'd be at the charge of transporting 'em. For these Reasons I was oblig'd to give my assent for shipp'g 'em off. Wait on the Sec'ry of State and see if w't I have done is approv'd of Two Gent, from So. Caro. say they determin'd to buy Vessells and give them, with Provis's, to let 'em go where they pleas'd. If so, they in course will ret'n to N. Scotia, w'ch by all means I w'd prevent. Ab't ten Days ago I had a L'r from Co. Washington from Win'r, w'ch says y't some thous'ds of Fr. and Ind' s had come from y' r F't on the Ohio, cut off the Comunicat'n between F't CumbTd and y't Town; had comitted the most barbarous Cruelties in murder'g our poor Subjects with't reg'd to Age or Sex. As I found it impossible to enlist Men, I ordered the Militia of ten of the most Congtiguous Coun ties to Win'r to be rais'd, and 'yi ofthem to march to y't Town. I have a L'r yesterday from Colo. Washington acqu't'g me y't on hear'g these Forces were com'g ag'st them they dispers'd and ret'd to the Ohio, whither to reinforce and ret'n is uncer tain, but I shall be on our guard ag'st 'em. The Assembly have passed an Act to draught from the Militia Men sufficient to augm't our Regim't to 1,500. With 'era I must rem'n on the defensive to protect our Front's and the poor People there. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 411 You write me L'd Loudon is to Com'd in Chief the Forces on y's Cont't, and y't he is appointed Gov. of y's Dora'n, but You do not acqu't me where he is to land, but suppps'g it to be at N. York, I send one of the Counch to congratulate him, with a true Acc't of the Aff's of y's Co., and to desire his Cora'ds and Assistance. The Assem. have voted ^35,000, but as Silver and Gold are not to be had, I was oblig'd to assent to Paper Curr'cy redeemable in the Year 1760, otherways c'd not conduct our Aff's ag'st the Enemy. About 100 of our Gent'n are ent'd into an Association at y'r own Exp'ce, properly accoutred on Horse Back, to go to our Front's ag'st the Enemy — a brave Example for the other People.'' I shah, by Ct. Randolph, who, I think, will sail in a fortnight, write You more fully. At present I am greatly engag'd in giving direct's ab't the Mihtia, &c., and am, in truth, quite wore out with Fatigue and Uneasiness of Mind, but always ara. Sir, Y'r very h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO MR. TURNER, COMPTROLLER OF THE ORDNANCE AT BOSTON. May 2ist, 1756. Sir : I rec'd a L'r frora G'l Shirley in his way to N. York, dated from Sudbury, 12th of Apr. last, wherein he acqu'ts me y't he had order'd You to deliver 1,000 St'd of Arms with a proper Proportion of Amunit'n for Service of y's Colony on our indent' g to ret'n the same at the expiration of the Expedit'n to H. M'y's Stores at Boston, unless taken or destroy'd by the Enemy. In Consequence thereof I enclose You a Minute of the Council here, by w'ch they have engag'd to be accountable "Dr. George Gilmer, the ancestor of the excellent Virginia family of the name, writing from Williamsburg, May 3d, 1756, says: "An Associ ation was formed by the Lawyers yesterday, the Attorney [Peyton Randolph] at their head, regimental'd to go, with what Gentlemen would join them, immediately to their country's relief. * * * What influence the examples of Spotswood, Baylor, Champe and others with the Association just formed," etc. 412 dinwiddie papers. for the s'd Arms. And as we are in very great want of 'em, I have hired the Sloop Jacob, Jas. Noel, M'r, and have sent in her Mr. Benja. Lester, who has my Orders to receive the same from You, and to give You such Rec'pt as You may see proper, agreeable to G'l Shirley's Orders. I entreat You to give the Sloop all possible Dispatch, as we have had many of our Ene mies on our Front's, and I have rais'd a good No. of Men, but we want the Arms to enable ' em to repell the Invasion of our Enemies, and to protect our Front's. Y'r Dispatch, and Com pliance with the above, will greatly oblige me, and be promot' g H. M'y's Service. I rem'n. Sir, Y'r most h'ble serv't. As y's Vesseh is employ'd on H. M'y's Sen, it's expected y't Port Cha[rge]s will not be dem'd. Wrote Fr's Boreland'* f> y's Opp'ty. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO HENRY FOX, ESQ'R. May 24th, 1756. R't Hon.: I wrote You ^ some Vessell y't car. [the] N'I French from y's for B n, to w'ch I beg to be refer'd. Since y't, Gov'r Glen sent a Sloop, with 50 of these People, to be landed here. I ord'd the M'r to carry 'em back again, for our People are greatly alarm'd and in great Confusion in hav'g any of 'em Amongst us. The M'r tells rae y'r are 300 of 'em frora Geor gia coast' g along the Shore in Canoes. They certainly whl land at proper places, rob, and I fear murder the unguarded and unwary People, and probably in tirae reach N. Scotia, and be of great .Prejudice to y't Co'y; therefore I hope our send'g 'em to B., to be sent to France, whl be more justifiable, as they will ^ Francis Borland (son of John, died 1726,) a noted merchant of Boston, Mass., married Jane Lindall, and had issue a daughter, Jane, wife of John Still Winthrop, and two sons, of whom, John, married Anna Vas sal!, and had twelve children, of whom Leonard Vassall Borland mar ried Sarah Lloyd. Mem. Hist, of Boston, ii, 544. dinwiddie papers. 413 be out of the way. I wrote you forraerly y't I had sent 250 of our Rangers, with a No. of Cherokee Ind's, to attack the Shawnesse in y'r Towns. Y's Expedition prov'd unsuccessful. The Snow and great Rains did raise the Riv's, they were to Cross, to a great height; y't they had several of y'r Canoes Overset with Provis's and Amraunit' n, so y't they were oblig'd to ret'n in a faraish'd Condit'n, being oblig'd to kih y'r Horses for Food; but they all ret'd, hav'g pick'd up those of the Fr. Neutrals y't had made their escape frora So. Caro., bound to the Fr. F't on the Ohio. I sent 'em from y's with the other Neutrals for B. The Com'rs y't I sent to the Catawbas and Cherokees are ret'd hav'g ent'd into a Treaty of alliance with those People. The whole of y'r Proceed' gs I here enclose You, to w'ch I pray to be ref'd Before they ret'd they wrote me from the Cherokee Nat'n y't they w'd not send any more of y'r Warriors to our Assistance thi such time as they had a F't built in the Upper Cherokee Co'try for protect'n of y'r Women and Children w'n y'r Warriors went to War. Y's F't I expected had been built 18 mo's ago. Sir Tho's Rob inson having wrote rae to assist the Gov'r of So. Caro. in buhd'g of it, on w'ch I imediately sent him ;^i,ooo St'g. Con sider' g the Fr. were very assiduous in using ah possible Methods to get the Cherokees and Catawbas to y'r Int't, on receipt of the above L'r, our Assera. being y'n sitting, I laid the letter before 'em and pressed the necessity of complying with the re quest of these People. They addressed me to assist out of the Balla. of Mo. sent me from Eng'd. I agreed to adv'ce ^800 towards it, and they immediately voted _,^i,2oo; on which I ap pointed Maj'r Lewis, a Person well acquainted with the Woods, to go to oversee the Construct' n of the Fort, and sent with him all necessary Tools, with 60 Workmen, Provisions, &c. , and wrote to So. Caro. to assist us in y's necessary Business, in order to confirm these People to our Int't, w'ch I hope whl effectually do it Some time since I rec'd a L'r Co. W., Cora' d'r of the Forces in y's Dora'n, from Winch'r, a Town on our Front's, acqu't'g me y't a great No. of Fr. and Ind's from F't Duquesne had cut off the Comunicat'n between F't Curab'l'd and y'r Town ; that they had comitted the most cruel Murders; destroyed many of our Back Inhabit'ts; burnt y'r Houses and ruined ah y'r Plantat's. I imediately order'd the Mhitia in 414 dinwiddie papers. ten of the most contiguous Co't's to be drawn out, and one-hah of them to march imediately to Win'r. I have another L'r of the 3d of May from Colo. W., y't the Enemy dispers'd and march'd over the Allegany Mount's for the Ohio, whether to reinforce y'r Party, or to go up the Ohio to strenthen Niagara, is uncertain, but I have order'd Mr. W. to be on his guard ag'st any future Attempts. The Assem. have pass' d an Act to make a Draught of i-2oth of the Mhitia from the single men, in order to compleat our Forces to 1,500 with 'em. We can only be on the defensive, hav'g no Cannon fit to attack F't Duquesne, 4 twelve-P'rs y't were sent here from the B'd of Ordnance I pro pos'd keep'g here for y't purpose, but in compliance with G'l Shirley's repeated Orders, I was oblig'd to send 'em to N. York. We greatly want sraall Arras, but none as yet from Bos ton, where I was directed to apply for 'era, w'ch I have done by several L'rs to G'l Shirley. The distresses of our Front' r Settlem't puts it out of my Power to send any Men to the No'w'd, and I heartily wish y't some Regul's had been sent here, for I rauch fear y't Reinforcera'ts will come up the Missis sippi in order to annoy and distress these So'ern B h Colo nies. The neighbour'g proprietary Colo's appear to me to be vastly indifferent ab't y'r preservat'n. It's true Pensylva'a voted ^60,000, w'ch is now expended by buhd'g a few Stock ade Forts and paying y'r Private Men i8d. 1^ Day, besides Subsistence, w'n our Men have only 8d. and Y'r Subsist ence. Y's makes great Uneasiness am'g our Forces. I did propose y't each Colony sh'd vote y'r quota of Mo. to raise Men where they c'd, the Com'd'r-in-Chief to establish the Pay of the whole and y'n y'r c'd be no uneas's amo'g 'em. M'yl'd I hear has done Noth'g. They propos'd ;^40,ooo, a Land Tax of 1 2d. each 100 acres of Land, but it's said the Gov'r by his Instruct's cannot allow the Proprietor's Manour's or privates Estates to be tax'd. I must say the Proprietary Gov'ts have been a great obstruct' n in conduct'g the Ex pedit' ns with Spirit. No. Caro. has voted 3 Compa's of 60 Men each to be sent to N. York. This Dom'n has now voted _^ 35,000 more for pay'g the Mhitia. I sent to Winch'r and paym't of the 1,500 Men to be employ'd in protect'n of our Front's, &c. We dare not venture to part with any of our White Men any distance, as we must have a watchful eye over dinwiddie papers. 415 our Negroe Slaves, who are upwards of 100,000. We are so scarce of Silver and Gold here, w'ch has been collected for Bills of Excha. and sent to the No'w'd for the paym't of the Troops, &c., y't I was oblig'd to give ray assent for Paper Curr'cy, otherways the Expedit'n must have ceas'd from any Assistance from y's, but it is redeemable in the Year 1760. For these Rea sons I hope my Conduct will be approv'd. Great Sir, What I here offer please to receive as from my Duty to his sacred Majesty and the real regard I have for his Dom's on y's Cont't, y'r value not to be estimated, and in tirae, if properly protected, will be Western and best Erapire in the World. The Fr., I believe, con sider it in y's Light, and no doubt will, with the greatest Assiduity and Expence, endeavour to carry y'r Point, w'ch I pray God may disappoint them. I am hearthy glad L'd Loudon comes over to com'd the Forces, from his Knowledge and Experience of the public Offices. I also hear he is appointed Gov'r of y's Dora'n in the roora of L'd Albermarle, w'ch gives me Pleasure. I really think y's Dom'n has done every Th'g in y'r Power for the Service, and I think raore y'n any Colony, N. Engl'd ex cepted, where are raany raore Men y'n we have. We lost a great many Men with G'l Braddock, and they were the only Provincials y't were in y't unhappy Act'n. We have had 500 Men ever since p'd by y's Colony for protect'n of our Front's, and have built 10 Stockadoe Forts, and now at the Charge of ;^i,500 ^ Month, Ian fully of Opinion we shall continue in a distress'd and distracted Condit'n till H. M'y takes the Propri etary Gov'ts into his own Hands. I have a great Regard for the Propri't's, and by no raeans w'd propose hurt'g y'r private Estates, but if they have an adequate Considerat'n, either in the Whole or by Annuity, I can't think they w'd corapl'n; but be assur'd whhe it continues as at pres't noth'g will be done for service of the whole. W'n the Gov. has the Propriet's private Instruct's, and if properly inform'd, gives security for the punc tual performance therewith, let y'r Inclinat's be ever so sanguine for the pubhc Service, yet Y'r Hands are tied up. I once more declare my h'ble Opinion y't till these Gov'ts are under H. M'y's imediate direct' n y't all Expedit' ns, I fear, whl prove un successful. Pensylva'a, by Quakers who despise the Arms of Flesh, and the many Ger[man] Rom'n Catholics; M'yl'd, with such numb's of Irish Rom'n Cathohcs, w't can be expected 416 dinwiddie papers. with't a thorow Purgation by imediate direct's ofthe Crown and a Gov'r of the King's own Appointm' t? I shall continue to do every Th'g in ray Power to keep the People here in a pure Sense of y'r Duty to the best of Kings and for ihe Protect'n of y'r Lives, Properties, and every Th'g dear and valuable to Man kind; but I fear it a very arduous Task, and, indeed, ara alraost wore out with Fatigue of Body and vexation of Mind in sup port'g y's necessary Expedit'n, but I am in hopes of a thorow Change of Aff's in our Favo. I beg to conclude, with great deference and due respect, R't Hon., Y'r raost faithful and ob'd't h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE EARL OF HALIFAX. May 24th, 1756. R't Hon.: I wrote You a long L'r the 24th of Feb'y, to w'ch please be refer'd. The Expedit'n ag'st the Shawnesse prov'd unsuccessful. The Rangers and Cherokees y't were sent, meet'g the Rivers they were to cross, much rais'd by the heavy Snow and Rains, y't they lost several of their Canoes with Provis's and Ammunit'n, w'ch oblig'd 'era to ret'n in a starv'g Condit'n, kih'g y'r Horses for Food. The Cora'rs y't went to the Catawbas and Cherokees are ret'd. They have made a Treaty with those Nat's, a printed Copy thereof I here enclose You. As they were ag'st send'g us any of y'r Warriors to our assistance till they had a F't buht for y'r Wom'n and Child' n, I iraediately aplied to the Assem' y, y'n sitting, to enable me to Coraply with y'r Request. They address'd me to assist 'em from the little Balla. in my Hands of the Mo. sent me from Engl'd. I answer'd I w'd adv'ce ;^8oo, and they voted ^1,200 more. I imediately Com'iss'd Major Lewis, a Person well acqu't'd with the Woods, with 60 Men, most of them Trades- Men, with all proper tools and provis's, to proceed directly for the Cherokee Co'try to build a F't, and to prevail with em' to send us in a No. of Y'r Warriors. They have been gone three Weeks. This F't sh'd have been built a Year ago. Sir T. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 417 Robinson wrote me to assist Mr. Glen to assist y's Aff'r. I sent him ^i,ooo St'g i8 Mo's ago, but no step has been taken in it as yet, and, as I ara inf'd, The Fr. are do'g all in y'r Power to draw these People from y'r Allegiance. I tho't proper imediately to make a Beginn'g to buhd the F't. I rec'd a L'r Yesterday from G'r Glen, Wherein he says he is determin'd to go to the Cherokee Co'try to buhd the F't, so y't I hope we shall strongly engage 'em to our Int't. The Fr. Neutrals from N. Scotia have occasion'd great Disturbance in y's Dora'n. The People in gen'l were averse to y'r rera'g here. The Ho. of Burgesses address'd me for y'r be'g ship'd for G. B'n, and as they w'd not vote any Th'g for y'r Subsistence, I was oblig'd to give my Assent, the Co'try paying the Charge of y'r trans- portat'n. I hear y't Georgia and So. Caro. gave 'em Vessells to go where they pleas' d, and as probably they will coast along the Cont't, they raay reach N. Scotia (at sarae tirae rob our People and discover all our Coast), and be raore violent Ene mies y'n formerly; therefore sending 'em Home I think more eligible, as I suppose they will be sent to France. We have been greatly harrass'd here by the Fr. and y'r Ind's from the Ohio. A great No. of 'em came to our Front's the middle ot Apr., and comitted the most barbarous Murders, and burnt a great many Houses, and destroyed the poor People's Plantat's. I imediately rais'd the Mhitia in lo of the most contiguous Count's to Win'r, w'ch Town they threat'ned to burn, and stop'd the Communicat'n from y't to F't CumbTd; but on the Mar. of the Militia they dispersed, and ret'd over the Allegany Mount's to y'r F't on the Ohio, I fear, to reinforce y'r No's, and to ret'n to pillage and murder. The Assem' y have pass'd an Act for draught' g the Militia to make our Regira't 1,500. With 'em we must remain on the defensive 'till further Direct's. We greatly want Small Arms. I have wrote G'l Shirley Several L'rs for a Supply, but as yet no Answer. I wish a Regim't or two had been order'd here, for I ara of Opin'n the Fr. wih send all the Forces they can from N. Orleans on the Mississippi, tho' the Distance is great, yet y'r Earnestness to possess y's fine Co'try they wih endeav'r to surm't all Difficulties. I have been fatigu'd in Mind and Body for these six Mo's in doing every Th'g I conceiv'd proper for our Defence, but the two Pro prietary Gov'ts to the No'w'd seem to be very indolent and 418 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. inactive. Pensylvania voted ^60, ooo, w'ch I hear is expended in buhd'g a few Stockadoe Forts, and pay'g y'r Private Men i8d. ^ Day, besides Subsistence, w'ch makes great Uneasiness Amo'g our Forces, who have only Sd. ^ Day. The Quakers, who do not hke fight'g, and the many Ger'n Rom'n Cathohcs, makes our dependence on 'em very uncert'n. M'yl'd voted _;^40,ooo, but the Taxes for rais'g it, not agreeable to the Gov'r's Instruct's from the Proprietary, a Land Tax of i2d., each 100 Acres of Land, was objected to, unless the Propriet's Manours and Private Est'es were exerapted frora y't Tax, w'ch I think by no means proper, as the Expedit'n is for protect'n of the whole. I wish the Crown w'd purchase those Proprietaries, for I con ceive noth'g essential can be done till they are bro't under the same Construct'n with the other King's Gov'ts. M'yl'd has a great No. of Rom'n Catholics, y't I fear they w'd not be uneasy at the success of the Fr. In short. Great Sir, I think the Col's on y's Cont't in a very unhappy Situat'n, and must continue so unless some proper raeasures are taken to raake a more strict Coahtion of 'em, and to be under one Gen'l Direct'n. Our Assem' V has voted ;^35,ooo more; but y't's only keep'g the Expedit'n alive, with't proper Strength to support it with Spirit (tho' I must say they have done more y'n the other Colon's), and I was oblig'd to ascent to the issu'g of y't Sum in Pap'r Curr'y, or stop entirely any Action for our Defence, for the Silver and Gold has been Collected for Bills of Excha., and sent to N. York for pay'g the Forces, &c. ; y't I verily think there is not ;i^20,ooo Cash in the whole Co'try, and at pres't the Exp'ce is near _;^ 1,500 ^ Mo. For these Reasons, I hope my assent'g to a P. Curr'y wih be approv'd of, as it's redeeraable in 1760. I hear the Earl of Loudon is appointed to Com'd-in-Chief the Forces on y's Cont't, and also app'd Gov'r of y's Dom'n in the room of the Earl of Albemarle, w'ch I am very glad of, and hope to hear of his safe arrival very soon, as such an experienc'd officer is greatly wanted at pres't. Aff's do not appear to be properly conducted; some animosities araong the Officers subsist' g, but doubt not, on E. of Loudon's arrival every Th'g will be conducted with Unanimity and pro per Spirit. I hope You will please to excuse the Length of y's L'r. With great deference and Dutiful Respects, I rem'n. R't Hon., Y'r Lordship's most ob'd't an^ faithful h'ble serv't. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 419 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO JAMES ABERCROMBY. May 24th, 1756. Sir: Y'r's of the 20th Feb'y did not come to my Hands till last Night. The distracted Aff's of y's Gov't from the Invas'n of the En'y on our Front's will not admit of my absence to pay my Complim'ts to L'd Loudon but [I] have sent one of the Council with an Add. from the Council and myself For the Reasons above, I hope he will excuse rae. Inclos' d You have my 2'd Bill of Excha. for ;^ioo for y'r ^ Year's Salary end'g the 20th Apr. last. The first comes ^ Ct. Randolph, who sails about fourteen Days hence; y's goes by way of N. York. The Ho. of Burgesses endeav' d to app't Edra'd Jennings, Esq' re, a Gent'n with You, formerly Sec'ry of M'yl'd, to be Agent for 'em, but I by no means w'd pass y'r Act for y't pur pose. Mr. Jennings, °° is a worthy, good, sensible Gent., and one I have great F'dship for. However, I told 'em, I tho't the Aff's under y'r management, were properly conducted and I had a Majority of the Council with me. I shall write You more fully by Ct. Randolph, and rem'n, S'r, Y'r aff. h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE EARL OF LOUDON. May 24th, 1756. R't Hon.: I hope y's will be d'd You by Mr. Ludwell, who waits on You with an Add's from the Council and myself And it furnishes me with an Opp'ty in a more particular Man- '* Edmund Jenings, for sometime Attorney-General of Maryland. His daughter, Arianna, was the wife of John Randolph (the last At torney-General of the Colony of Virginia), and the mother of Edmund Randolph, Governor of Va., etc. In 1768, Mr. Jenings, still in London, presented to the gentlemen of Westmoreland County a portrait of Wm. Pitt, Earl of Chatham, which now hangs in the hall of the House of Delegates at Richmond. 420 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. ner, to congratulate Y'r Ex'cy on Y'r arrival in Am'a and on Y'r Appointra't of Ch'f Gov'r of y's Dora'n, and to desire Y'r Com'ds in any Th'g relat'g to y's Gov't. We have been greatly harrass'd by the En's invading our Front'r Settlem'ts, comitt'g the most horrid murd's, with't regard to Sex or Age, and other- ways destroy'g every Th'g before 'em with Fire and Sword. On y's Intelligence I was oblig'd to raise the Militia in lo ofthe raost contiguous Count's to repell y'r Force. They have march'd over t'he Aheg'y Mount's, I suppose, to the Fr. F't on the Ohio, whether to reinforce and ret'n to y'r Barbarities is uncert'n, but we are draught'g the Militia to compleat the Regim't in y's Co'try's pay, to 1,500 Men. From the above Y'r Lordship may observe how unable we are to send Men to the Northward for the Expedition against Crown Point, when in truth we want Assistance to protect the Country. Our Forces must reraain entirely on the Defensive, as we have no Cannon (if we had Force sufficient) to attack Fort Du Quesne. Four T2-P'd'rs sent here frora the Ordnance Office were order'd by Gen'l Shirley to New York. It's here suspected that the French -will march ah the Force they can from New Orleans, on the Mis sissippi, to reinforce Fort Du Quesne ; In Course, to invade the Southern CoUonies. It's true it's a long Distance, yet they will surmount all Difficulties to gain what they have had long in View. The Proprietary Cohonies to the North of this have been very tardy in their Supplies. Pensylvania has voted ;^6o,ooo, but expended it in a few Stockado Forts and paying their pri vate men i8d. ^ day, besides Subsistance, w'ch makes great Clamour araong our Men, who have only 8d. 1>. Day. Mary land, I beheve, has voted no Supply. There are many Roman Catholics in that Colony. Our Assembly have \oted a further Sum of ;i{^25,ooo for the Expedition and _;^30,ooo for paying the Militia I sent out to Winchester, and I think have exerted them selves as rauch as is in their Power, and more than any other Collony on the Continent; but without sorae regulars, some Ar tihery and Engineers, I fear we shah not be able to do any thing essential. I was inform'd the French and their Emissaries were very busy in endeavouring to draw the Catawba and Cherokee Nations of Indians from their allegiance to the British Nation and these Cohonies. I sent two of the Council, Commissioners to them with a handsome Present. They accordingly entered DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 421 into a Treaty with those People. Copy thereof I enclose Y'r Excellency, to wh'ch I begg [you] to be refer'd. The Bearer, Collo. Ludwell, is a worthy, good raan, and is possess'd of a large Estate here, is one of his Majesty's Counch. I therefore desire to recomend him to Y'r Lordship's Countenance and Fa vour. I shah be glad of the Hon' r of a Letter from You, and w't Com'ds you may direct shall be duly coraply'd with. I re main, with great deference and proper Respect, Y'r Ex's Most Ob'd't and faithful h'ble Serv't. P. S. — My Lord, I sh'd in Person p'd my respects to you, but hope you'l excuse me, from the present Situat'n of our Af fairs, which requires my daily attendance in giving out Orders and sending Necessaries to the Forces on our Frontiers. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO SIR CHARLES HARDY. May 24th, 1756. Sir: I did myself the Hon'r of writing to You the 28th Ult'o, by Collo. Hunter, to w'ch please be refer'd. This comes by Philip Ludwell, Esq., one of the Council of this Collony. He is charg'd with some L'rs, &c., for the Earl of Loudon (who we expect is arriv' d at New York by this time). I desire to re comend him to Y'r Countenance and Friendship as he is an entire Stranger to New York. Upon our Mhitia' s marching to Winchester, as by my former L'rs, the Enemy dispersed and march'd in Parties over the Alegany Mount's, I suppose to Fort Duquesne, whether to reinforce and return to their Depredations on our Frontiers, or to go up the Ohio to Join their Forces at Crown Point and Niagara, is very uncertain; however, we are making Draughts from our Militia to corapleat our Regiraent to 1,500 Men, and to build Forts along our Frontiers to the West ward to protect our poor back settlers, so I fear this Suraraer we shall be intirely on the Defencive, for our neighbouring Col- lonies apear to be wrapt'd up in a Supine Indolence, not making any Provision for their Defence. Maryland, as yet, have granted 422 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. no Supplies. Pensylvania voted ;^40,ooo which, I hear, is all expended in building a few Stockado Forts, and giving their Private Men i8d. ^ Day, besides subsistence, by which You may observe there can be no Dependence on them, as they say they'l vote no raore supplies; that without sorae Forces frora Home we shall make but a poor figure to the Southward. But [I] ara in Hopes Success will attend the Northern Operations, when the Regulars from Britain join the provincial Troops. The Commissioners are arrived that went to the Catawbas and Cherokees. The Treaty with these Nations is pretty long, that I could not have it Copied in Tirae to send You, but it's at the Office to be printed. As soon as done, I shall send You a Copy. We are very barren of News here from Brittain, my last Letters bear the date the beginning of March, when War was not de clar'd, anda Gen'l Embargo on the Shiping makes us appre hensive that we shall have no News but what may come by the Packet or the fleet, which I hope is arriv'd with You before this Time. Our Asserably have voted a further Summ of _;^33,ooo for His Majestie's Service, and ;^2,ooofor building a Fort in the Upper Cherokee Country. I shall be greatly oblig'd for a Let ter from You, of the Number of Forces frora Crown Point and Niagara Expeditions; and if You can form any Opinion of the No. of the Enemy. Wishing You Health and Success in every Thing undertaken for his Majesty's Service and the Good of these Cohonies. I remain with Sincere Regard and Respect, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't, h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL WASHINGTON.May 27th, 1756. .Sir: Y'r 2 L'rs of the 23d, I rec'd last night and note their Cont's. I read Y'r Journal relating to the Militia, which gives rae sorae Surprise in observing their dastardly Behaviour in desert' g and return' g home. I am sorry their Officers had no better Comand over them, and indeed I always was of Opinion dinwiddie papers. 423 they w'd not answer my Intention in send'g them to Winchester. I observe a Council of War held by the field Officers of the Militia which is very agreeable that none of the forces was sent to the Southward, I dreaded the desertion from the Militia w'd be a bad Example to Your Regira't. Wherefore, on receipt of your former L'rs, I wrote to F'ksb'g, order'g such ofthe Mhitia that had not march'd to Winchester to return to their Counties to make Draughts accord'g to the Act of Assembly, the Draught'g of these \at Winchester is not regular. I observe by a Court Marshah, Jakies Thoraas and Henry CarapbeU were found guilty for Desertion to suffer Death, You have inclos'd a Warrant for Campbell, but as J. Thomas has been [a] long time in the Service and behav'd formerly well I remit his Punishra't. Let hira know it was Y'r Intercession, and get his promise for good Behaviour for the future. Henry Campbell suffer' g, I think absolutely necessary to deter others from that growing fault, and I hope hereafter the men will exert theraselves in a regular Conduct, proper Spirit and due Obedience to their officers. I doubt not Y'r reraain' g at Winchester may be more needful for the Service than go'g to the Fort, but I desire to know how Affairs goe on there, and I doubt not, Gov'r Innes will do every thing in his power for the Service. I hope Officers you order'd are at F'ksb'g by this Time, as I believe many of the Draughted Men are march'd for that Place. The Gentle men Associator's being Volunteers, at their own Expence, I gave them no Instructions, but recommend' d them to council with you what was proper to be done, and as they went with Great Alacrity, I doubt not their readiness to do every thing that raay be for the Service of the Country. I be heve the Assembly out of a saving Scheme levied the Troops or Draughted only to Decera'r, thinking they w'd not be rauch wanted in the Winter, but I wish they had been for i8 Mo's; but I must observe to you that the Draughts in most of the Counties p'd fines rather than go to Winchester. These fines were given to Volunteers that enter'd and rec'd the ;^io. Those People, I think, are to be incorporated into Y'r Regira't without any Limitation of tirae, and I expect the Lieut's or Comand'g Officers of the different Counties distinguishes these People from the Others, so that they remain with the Regim't, and if you see it necessary you may give them a Pistole more entering Money to confirm them in the Service, for it appears absurd that 424 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. they sh'd have ^lo in hand besides pay for 6 Mos. Service. Indeed, the Act of Assembly is not explicit on that head, but Justice and Reason is plain in Y'r Favour, and I hof>e You will accordingly be able to enlist them all. I suspend the Scheme of forra'g the Regiment into 2 Battalions thi I see you, when it shall be fix'd in the most eligible manner; the same reason in regard to the forts and the Companies to be appointed to them, and the Vacancies shall at that Time be fih'd up. I think the building of a fort at Winchester absolutely necessary. After the Plan is properly laid down they can be at work on it when you corae here, but Y'r Absence must be very short, and Conogo- chege is also a very proper Place, and I doubt not Capt. Stewart will follow Y'r Directions therein. I would fain hope, on L'd Loudon's arrivah, that the Order for draw'g of the Amunition and other Stores from fort Cumberland will be countermanded, as I presurae he has a large train with him. In the mean time you sh' d endeavour to have sufficient for the forts already built. You need not have wrote me to recomend you to the E. of Lou don. Colo. Ludwell leaves this [place] in a few Days for N. York to complim't his L'd'p on his Arrival. By him I wrote fully to Gen'l Abercrombie, who is second in Command, and my particular friend, in Y'r favour, which I think much better than writ'g to his L'd'p, as I know the Influence he has with him. I wish you to order the pay Mast'r to give you an Acco't of the Deduct' s from the Men's pay in reg'd to their Cloath'g, that my Supply may be adjusted when you come here. I have 1,000 Pr. of Shoes come in. I shall keep them till I see You; if want'd you shall have them. I remain, with Kind respect, S'r, Y'r f'd and Serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO MAJOR-GENERAL JAMES ABERCROMBIE.^ May 28th, 1756. Sir: On the 24th of this Mo. I wrote You a letter of Congratu lation on Y' r Arrival in America. As we are told the Earl of ""James Abercrombie, of Glassaugh, was born in 1706 ; Lieutenant- Colonel, April 16, 1746; Major-General, January 31, 1756; Lieutenant- DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 425 Loudon is to raise 3 Regiments on this Continent, on the british Establishment, I dearn' t venture to trouble him immediately on his arrival with any Recommennations, but, good Sir, give me leave to pray your Interest with his L'd'p in fa^/or of Collo. George Washington, who, I will venture to say, is a very de serving Gentleman, and has from the beginning commanded the Forces of this Dominion. Gen'l Braddock had so high an Es teem for his Merit that he made him one of his Aid-de-Camps, and if he had surviv'd I believe he would have provided hand somely for him in the Regulars. He is a person much beloved here and has gone through many hardships in the Service, and I really think he has great Merit, and believe he can raise more Men here than any one present that I know. If his Lordship will be so kind as to promote him in the British Establishment I think he will answer my recommendation. Another young Gen tleman, Capt. Rob't Stewart, who coraands our light Horse, intreats me to recomend him to his L'd'p. He is a Gentleman of good Sence and great Spirits. He behav'd extremely well on the unlucky ninth of July, and staid by Gen'l Braddock and attended him from the Field till he died. These two Gentleraen I can with Pleasure recomend, and shall be oblig'd for y'r In terest with the General on their Acco's. I am well assured he will be troubled with many solicitations; I therefore take the Liberty to apply to him through you in regard to these Gentle men, and any Favour you are pleas'd to solicit for them I shall gratefully acknowledge. Dear Sir, You are come into a Country cover' d with woods and sometimes unaccessible Mountains, &c. The European Method of Waring not practic'd here. The Indian Method is bush fighting and watching every Opp'ty to destroy their En emys. I think we have secur'd the Six Nations to the North- General, March 31, 1759 ; General, May 25, 1772. Sent to America in June, 1756, with the rank of Major-General, he held the chief command until the arrival of Loudoun, and resumed it on the return to England of the latter in 1758. July 8, 1758, at the head of 15,000 men, he at tacked Ticonderoga with the bayonet, and met with a loss of nearly 2,000 men. Superseded by Amherst, he returned to England in 1759, and as a member of Parliament supported the measures which resulted in the independence of the United States ; became Deputy Governor of Stirling Castle and died April 28, 1781. 426 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. ward to our Interest, who, I suppose, will join your Forces. They are a very awkward, dirty sett of People, yet absolutely necessary to attack the Eneray's Indians in their way of fighting and scowering the Woods before an Army. I am perswaded they will appear a despicable sett of People to his L'd'p and you, but they will expect to be taken particular Notice of, and now and then some few Presents. I fear Gen'l Braddock de spis'd them too much, wbich probably was of Disservice to him, and I really think without some of them any engagem't in the Woods wou'd prove fatal, and if strongly attach' d to our In terest they are able in their way to do more than three Times their Nuraber. They are naturally inclin'd to Drink. It will be a prudent Stepp to restrain thera with Moderation and by some of y'r Subalterns to shew them Respect. I wish the Forces had arriv'd sooner; however, I think you may keep the Field till the end of Octo'r. Pray God send you an agreeable and successful Carapaign ! From the knowledge I have of y'r good Teraper and humane Disposition, I take the liberty of writing the above, in hopes you'l receive it as intended — With regard and Respect for You and Success to the Expedition against our barbarous and im placable Enemies. May you long live to enjoy the Favours of our Royal Master, is the sincere Wish and ardent desire of. Worthy Sir, Y'r mo.st ob'd't h'ble serv't P. S. — I have just now rec'd a L'r frora Colo. Washington, who says there are Orders from Gen'l Shirley to send ah the Amunition and other Stores that are at Fort Cumberland to N. York, which I hope will be countermanded, as there are many Forts on our Frontiers depending on Supplies from Fort Cum berland, without which the Forts wih be of no Service. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR SHARPE. May 24th, 1756. Sir: Yourse of the loth I rec'd. The Enemy that invaded our Frontiers and did so much Mischief are retir'd over the Alegany DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 427 Mountains, whether to reinforce and so return to plunder and murder our People is uncertain, but I am rauch in Opinion with You, that without forces frora Home we shall make but a bad figure against the Eneray. I ara sorry the Pensylvanians are not raore resolute in granting supplies, and the Dilhtoriness of your Assembly is surprising, when the Time for Action will be greatly over before they grant Supplies. We have a volunteer Associ ation of Gentlemen of this Province, who have march'd, to the Number of 200, to our Frontiers. It will be of Service in anni- mating the lower Class of our People, tho' I think they will meet with no Enemy. By vote of Assembly we are making Draughts from the Mhitia to augment our Regim't to 1,500 private Men; but unless the neighbouring Cohonies Join thera with nurabers, what can be done ? And, indeed, for want of Artillery and Engineers, no attempt can be made against their fort on the Ohio, so that I think they can only remain on the defensive to protect our frontiers. By Collo. Ludwell we have represented our present Situation to the Earl of Lowden (who, we think, may be at N. York by this Tirae), and desire his Advice and Assistance. Our Asserably have voted ^35,000 raore for the Service, but this is only keeping the Expedition alive, while our Neighbors appear to be wrapt up in Supine Inactivity. I am sorry You cannot order y'r Militia out on any Extremity, and shah be glad to know what 3'our Assembly have done after so long a Session. The same News we have here relating to L'd Lowden and the Forces he is to bring with hira, and that he is appointed Chief Governor of this Dorainion in the roora of L'd Alberraarle. I am of Opinion the french will reinforce the Fort Duquesne from New Orleans, &c., on the Mississippi. It's true it's a long March, but what will they not do to accoraplish the Plann they have so raany Years been forraing ? And if that shou'd be the Case, these Cohonies will be much distress'd this Summer. I can only continue to do every thing in my Power to protect our frontiers. In order thereto, we propose building forts frora North to South of this Collony. I must remain in this Situation 'tih I hear from N. York. The Treaty with Ca tawbas and Cherokees is at the Press, and as soon as printed [I] shah send You a Copy. I remain Y'r Ex's most h'ble serv't. 428 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GENERAL SHIRLEY. May 24th, 1756. Sir: I have the Hon'r of y'r L'r of the 22d of Apr. from Sud bury, and in Consequence of y'r Orders to Mr. Turner, Compt'r of the Ordnance at Boston, I have sent a Sloop for the Arms, &c. , with an Order from the Council here to return them to the Magazine at Boston at the end of the Expedition. I am endea vouring to compleat our provincial Regim't to i , 500 effective Men, with whom we must remain on the defencive to protect our frontiers, for we have no great Guns or Engineers to make an Attack on Fort Duquesne, and, indeed, the two proprietary Governm'ts seera to reraain inactive in not raising any Men to our Assistance. The Enemy have march'd over the Alegany Mountains for their Fort Duquesne, whether to return with a stronger Force to corarait further depredations is uncertain, but I think it's proper to be prepar'd for them. As we hear the Earl of Lowden is appointed to Command-in-chief all the Forces on this Continent, it will ease you of the Great Trouble you have had and so carefully discharg'd. I wish You Health and Happiness in every Thing, you may be appointed to, and I am with great Regard and respect, Y'r Ex's raost h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COMMODORE RICHARD SPRY. May 24th, 1756. Sir: Your favour of the 20th Octob' r I duely rec'ed. Admirah Boscawen shew'd good Sence and Judgem't in appointing You to comraand his Majesty's Ships on this Continent, and I sin cerely congratulate You thereon, being thoroughly convinc'd You will discharge your Trust with Spirit and Diligence for his Majesty's Service. This comes by Capt. Arbuthnott, who, being under your Orders to proceed for Halifax, cou'd not be prevah'd upon to remain in his Station. His going gives great DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 429 Uneasiness, as you know our Colony is much expos'd, having no Fortification, that Privateers may do what they please, having nothing to resist them. Upon which Account I hope You will immediately order Capt. Arbuthnot back to his Station, for we shall be under great Fears and Apprehensions during his Ab sence. The French and Indians, in great Numbers, invaded our frontier Settlem'ts this Spring, and as usual, comitted many Murders, Robberies and Barbarities, but I refer You to the Bearer for particulars. I was obliged to raise the Mhitia; the Enemy dispers'd and march'd over the A. Mountains to their Fort on the Ohio, whether to reinforce and return with greater Nurabers to corait raore Barbarities, is uncertain. Our Regim't will be compleated to 1,500 Men, and must re main on .the defencive to protect our frontiers till I hear from L'd Lowden, who is to comand in chief the Forces, and hope by this is at N. York. I have wrote him the present State of this Country, desireing his Coraands and Assistance. I hope You have been able to prevent the Enemy having any Supplies to Lewisburg, or by the River St. Lawrence, being convinced that every thing in y'r Power will be done. As Capt. Arbuth not is the Bearer of this, he will be able to inform you of All things in these Parts better than I can by L'r. To him I desire to refer you. We are still in Suspence whether or not War is declar'd. Our News Papers are full of some of the Brest Squadron and Transports having sail' d for America, but I doubt not our Squadrons were on the Watch, and will soon follow. But really what we have in the Papers is not to be depended on. I shall be very glad of a Line from You with an Account of what passes in y'r Parts. That Health and Success may attend You in all your Operations is the sincere Wish of. Worthy Sir, Y'r Affect h'ble serv't. GOV. DINWIDDIE TO THE LORDS OF THE TREASURY. [May ^, 1756?] R't Hon.: Inclos'd I transmit y'r L'd'ps the Acc't of the 2S. per Hogshead Revenue. The Short Crop last year, occasion'd 430 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. by a violent Drought, and the large contingent Charges which were absolutely necessary, reduces the Ball' ce of that Revenue to a very trifling Sura, and as we have no other Fund for paying the contingent Charges, we shall be at a Loss for the ensuing Year, as these Charges are very high in these perilous times. The French and their Indians in great Numbers invaded our Frontiers this Spring and committed many barbarous Murders and destroy'd a great Number of the Poor People's Plantations, which obliged me to raise the Militia in lo of the most contigu ous Counties to repell the Enemy. They dispers'd and March'd over the All'y Mountains to fort Du Quesne, whether to rein force their Party and to return to perpetrate further Cruelties is uncertain. I am now augment'g the Regim't here to 1,500 Men to guard and protect our frontiers, but they must remain on the defensive, having neither Canons or Ingineers to raake an At tack on their Fort, if we had Men sufficient for that Service. Our neighbouring Proprietary Gov' m'ts of Maryland and Pen sylvania have been very backward in assisting us with Men, &c. The french have been very busy, by all possible means and In sinuations, to gain the Catawba and Cherokee Nations of In dians to their Interest. On which I thought it absolutely neces sary to send two of the Council, Coraraissioners to those People, with a large Present, to secure them to our Interest by a Treaty with them. Copy thereof I herewith send you. And as they strenuously insisted on a fort to be buht for their Old Men, Wo raen and Children in the Upper Cherokee Country when their Warriors went to War, I have sent a proper Person with 60 Artificers to begin that, and I expect the Gover'r of South Carolina wih assist us in this necessary Affair. We daily expect to hear of the Earl of Loudon's Arrival at N. York; with the Forces frora Britain, which I hope, will give Spirit and an agree able Turn to the Aff's on this Continent. The Colonies are so rauch divided, each looking to their own particular Interest and neglecting the general Good, that till they are brought to a proper Sense of the necessity of joining in a Body against the Common Enemy, for in the present Conduct of the several Gov'ts, no great Good can be Expected. The Assembly of this Dorainion has voted a further Sum of ;^6o,ooofor His Majesty's .Service, and I am perswaded if the other Colonies would exert themselves, they wou'd readily do every Thing in theii Power DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 431 for conducting this necessary Expedit'n, for their own safety, and ascertaining His Majesty's Right to the Lands most unjustly invaded by the Enemy. I shall, as in duty bound, do every thing in my Power for the pubhck Service, and beg leave, with great Deference and Subraission, to remain, R't Hon., Y'r L'd' p's most ob'd't and faithful h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL WASHINGTON. June, 1756. Sir: I have read over Y'r Memorandura and observe thereon. I cannot advise how the Virginia Regim't will be compleated, if the Draught from the Militia does not answer that end; but must here observe, if the Officers had perform'd their Engagem'ts the Regim't would have been in good Order; their Neglect and breach of Promis[e] is a g' t Loss to the Country. The Scheme of form'g this Regim't into 2 Batahons is very agreeable, if compleated to a proper Number, but till I know the true No. of the Men that must be for some Time 1' d aside, at present the Officers is very near as great a Charge to the Country as the Men are, when the Regim't is corapleated to 1,500 Men, I do think the Scheme very proper, and when the Companies are compleated to 100 Men each an Addition of field Officers and 2 Lieut's, I think, will be very necessary. The buhd'g the Forts in proper Places must be left to You, as You know the situ ation of the Country, to fix thera in the Places raost neces sary and Convenient for our Protection, and the Forra of the forts must be agreeable to the Situation of the Ground, and the Distance from each must be from Y'r own Judgem't. I am of Opinion that 100 Men sh'd be appointed to each fort, and a Detachment of 50 or 60 from each to waylay and watch the Enemy's coming over the Mountains, at proper Places to attack them will answer better than hunt'g for thera, as they are so well acquainted w'th the Woods they will always disap point any such atterapts; whereas, if they are surprised on their March it's probable it raay be of more Service. In that Case the Detachments from the forts must be: under strict Orders 432 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. when to return, and if possible to have a proper Communication from each fort to the other. Tools must be suplied, if possible they can be purchased; the Sorts and Quantity you can best determine. Till I have an effective return of each respective Company I cannot tell the Number, or the Deficiency of the Officers in compleating their Corapanies, which is Y'r Duty to aniraadvert on. As we raust remain on the Defencive, I think there is no Occasion to compleat the Fort, but that they do Duty on foot, unless you otherwise see an absolute necessity for them ; in that Case, the Number to be as formerly. You must be a better Judge than I am who may be proper to act as Com missary if Mr. Walker declines acting any longer. I shah be very glad [if] you can prevail w'th the rangers to incorporate with your Regira't; in that Case, you know, they will be in cluded in the No. of 1,500. It's comonly in the King's Armies a contingent Charge on the Regim't for taking up Deserter's, and always with the Colo, to direct therein. It will be of rauch Service if You can enlist any of the Draughts, and if they will voluntarily enter into the Service, will help to corapleat the No. propos'd. I think they are not entitled to the 2 Pistoles unless they continue longer than Dec'r. You probably may prevail w' th them for a longer Time. Enquire of the Speaker if he thinks they sh'd have the 2 Pistoles for the Time liraited by the Act. When you are in a Body, the Ordering them to the Ale gany Mountains as [the] King's forces, is proper, and may be necessary on occasion, as I conceive these Mountains are in the Limits of the Governra't, tho' not setled. Fort Cumberland is a King's Fort, and built chiefly at the Charge of this Colony; therefore, properly under our Direction till a Governor is ap pointed. It's absolutely necessary to detain a sufficient q'ty of Stores now at fort Cumberland, w'ch you may do at my Coraand and Orders. The Militia returned to the different Counties sh'd be draughted, tho' part of them are without, on Duty. These are ray Thoughts in your different Queries; but as it is irapos sible to be very explicit on every Point, and as raany things may occur that canno't be directed, y'r own Judgem't must be y'r Guide, as a great deal is left to y'r own good Sense and Con duct. Pray God prosper you, and animate you with knowledge foi his Service and that of the King's and the Country, is the sincerest desire of. Sir, Y'r most h'ble serv't. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 433 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL LEWIS. June — , 1756. Sir: I hope this whl meet you safe arrived in the Cherokee Country. As I am informed Gov'r Glen, w'th a No. of Men, are gone there on the same Design, to build a Fort for the Cherokees. I hope you will be unanimous and diligent in Dis charge of that Duty. You was longer in begining Y'r March than I expected, and you neglected to send me the Names and No's of y'r Men. McDonald complains of Y'r Ordering his Waggon to y'r house, by w'ch he lost 3 Horses, and makes a heavy Charge to the Country. I have great Complaints against Mr. Gun in Escorting the Waggons to Roanoke; he delayed the Time by Idleness, and [is] said to have robed some of the Inhabitants and otherwise insulted some young Women. I sus pend ray Thoughts thereon till I hear how' he Justifies himself; good, modest, and industrious Conduct is expected from all concern'd in Y'r Expedition. I send this Express to obtain a No. of War'rs agreeable to the Treaty entered into w'th these People. I think you was wrong in ordering Capt. Smith from Frederick, as that was the Place the Indians thought most Proper for thera to corae to; I therefore have ordered hira back there, w' ch you are to acquaintt the Indians of, and if they men tion the Time and No. of Men they will send us, I shall provide for thera there. When you have done all in Y'r Power in buhd'g the fort, you are to raake the best of y'r Way back to this Country. Endeavour all you can possibly to confirm the friend ship of the Cherokees to the British Subjects. If you have any thing to advise me of, write fully by this Express. I fear the Lead I ordered from Mr. was forgot, but hope you are not in want of it. I wish you Health and an agreeable return, and I am. Sir, Y'r very h'ble serv't. 434 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL WASHINGTON. [June—, 1756.] Sir: Last Night I rec'd y'rs ofthe 25th Ult'o. [I] am sorry for the Delay of the Waggon w'th the Tools, probably occasion'd by the Badness ofthe Horses, but I hope e'er this they are w'th you. I approve of y'r consult' g at a Council of War in regard to the buhding of Forts, w'ch I foresee will be attended w'th very great Delays from the small No. of Men Yo. have, and I think it will not be proper to divide Y'r Men at too great Dis tances, therefore Yo. must build them one after another, so that on occasion you may collect a proper No. to repell any force that raay appear against Yo., as the Six Nations have suramon'd the Delawares and Shawnees to Onondago. I hope they whl coraply therew'th, andin course be order'd to live peacable w'th 'era. Inclos'd you have a L're to Capt. Hogg, and another to the Coramanding Officer of the Militia in Augusta, and I desire you will give Capt: Hogg y'r Opinion and Direction in regard to the building of Forts on their frontiers, w' ch I hope will an swer the Intent of protecting our frontiers by Forts. I very much approve of the field Officers having each a Company, w'ch you may now put in Execution, tho' I ara sorry to think we have so raany Officers and so few rank and file. I ara surprised there are no raore than 246 draughted Men, and so bad as three to be disbanded; send rae Acco't of the No. from each County. If the six Quakers will not fight you must compell them to work on the forts, to carry Timber, &c. , if they wih not do [so] Confine them w'th a short Allowance of Bread and Water, till Yo. bring thera to reason. I am glad Gov'r Sharp is building a Fort w'ch will be so usefull, but the Assembly of Maryland alows no more than ii,ooO;^ to enlist and maintain 200 Men, to build a Fort and three block Houses, and I dare say the Gov'r will not exceed the Vote of Assembly. I consulted the Treas urer, now here, about the Mihtia, &c., he is of Opinion they whl all desert; therefore he and I agree that those that will not remain sh'd be returned to their counties and that you write to the Lieut's of each of those counties to make Drafts of their Militia agreeable to the Act of Assembly and send them up to You by the Maj'r of each County, but if you can prevah on any DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 435 of them to remain till Dec'r let them know they will be p'd as Mhitia to that Time. I recomend You to perswade those that are Tradesmen and can handle an Axe, &c, to remain buhd'g the Forts and you may Augraent their Pay as You and they can agree, and I ara fully convinc'd the few Men you will have remaining are not sufficient for Defence and building the Forts, or can I at present propose any Method to augment Y' r Regim't and ara realy ashara'd of the dastardly pusihaniraous Spirits of the People in general at this Tirae of danger, and we raust de pend much raore on the protection of Heaven than the second Means expected frora us by God. I recoraraend You to his Guidance, wishing You Health, I remain, S'r, Y'r mo. h'ble Serv't. [P. S.J — I hope you wih be able to send a proper Roll of all our Men by this Express; we have no Acco't of L'd Loudon's Arrival. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO JAMES ABERCROMBY. June loth, 1756. Sir: Your several L'rs of the 20th of Jan'y, Feb'y 4th and 20th, I have rec'd. The sending foreign Officers to comand the Bat talions propos'd to be rais'd on this Cont't will be very disa greeable, and I am perswaded many of the officers that have been employ'd in this provintial Regira't are well qualified, being a long Time employ' d, and will be much more agreeable to the Men to be rais'd, and are now in the pay of this Dom'n. Therefore, I hope only foreign Engineers will be employ'd, which are much wanted here. I am glad the Earl of Loudon is appointed to comand the Forces on this Cont't, and that he is app't'd ch'f Gov. of this Dom'n; as I always expected some Noble-Man w'd be appoint'd, I am glad he is the Person. It's impossible for me to leave the Gov' m't to go to N. York to pay my Comp'ts to him, as our Frontiers have been invaded by great No's of the Eneray, who have comitted many brutal Mur ders and laid waste a great part of our frontier settlem'ts, which 436 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. engages my Time in order'g the Militia out and making- Draughts from thera to corapleat our Regim't to 1,500 Men. I send one of the Council to New York to pay ray Comp'ts, and with an Address to his L'd'p frora the Council and rayself, and I hope, for the above Reason, he will excuse my personal At tendance. I am glad our friend Colo. Abercrombie is appoint'd second in Comand. I have wrote him a L're of Congratulation, and more full and free than I co'd have done to his L'd'p, and I hope he will receive it properly, as it's intended, with some Thoughts on our pres't Situation. Our Assembly has voted ;^6o,ooo for H. M'y's Sen, but as most of our Silver and Gold has been pick'd up for Bills of Excha. and sent to the No'w'd for Service of the Troops, I was necessitat' d to give Ass't for issuing more Paper Curr'cy, redeeraable in 1760. For the above reason I hope for excuse in assent'g to Paper Curr'cy, which is much ag'st ray own Inclinat'n, but the absolute necessity and Emergency of our Affairs prevah'd on me. The neighbouring Proprietary Gov'ts have shamefully neg lected their Duty to H. Majesty, and for their own Preservat'n Pensylvania voted ;^6o,ooo, which is already expended in build ing a few stockado Forts and paying their private Men i8d. ^ Day, besides Subsistence, when our Men have only 8d. '^ Day and Subsistence. They do nothing for the general Expedit'n. Maryland Assembly has been sitting 3 Mo's, and it's s'd they voted ^40,000, their Money, but as yet they have rais'd no Men, tho' it's so late in the Year. I am fully convinc'd it's not possible to conduct any Expedit'n or Operat'ns tih H. M'y takes these Gov'ts into his own Hands. I, by no means, wou'd hurt the Proprietors, make a purchase out- Right or give them an annual Sum from the Excheq' r, which would be repaid yearly from the quit- Rents. At pres't the Gov'rs (if I am truly in form'd) have their private Instructions from the Proprietors, and give Security for the Performance thereof These Instructions, not corresponding w'th those from H. M'y to his Gov'rs, is the Bane of our Miscarriages and will continue forever so unless the Ministry recomends the above to H. M'y. Is it not strange that at this Time of great Danger the Proprietors will not allow their Manours and private Estates to be tax'd for conduct'g the Expedit'n, which is intended for protection of the whole. This I have touch'd on to Sec'ry of State and L'd Hahfax. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 437 You are to keep the above to yourself, unless you see it ne cessary to divulge my Thoughts thereon. I hope the send'g the neutral French to Britain will be approv'd of Gov'r Glen sent 50 from So. Caro. here, which I wou' d not receive. They say he and the Gov'r of Georgia gives them small Vessells of Provisions to go where they please. The Consequence, I fear, is if they coast along this Continent they will discover our Inlets, rob our People, and if they get to Nova Scotia again, will be more inveterate Enemies than before, on which, their sending them home, I think more eligible. Indeed, I cou'd not permit it, as the Assembly wou'd not vote any Thing for their Subsist ence, &c., and I cou'd not maintain 1,150 People. The 2S. ^ H'h'd Revenue is now exhausted to less than ;^ioo. If the ;^2,ooo is not cah'd for from Mr. Hanbury, may we not draw on the Cr. thereof for pay'g the absolute contingent Charges ofthe Gov't, for we have no fund apropriated for that Use but the 2s. ^ H'h'd. Inclos'd you have ray ist Excha. for ;^ioo for y'r Salary, end'g last April the 2d. Bih I sent by Way of N. York. As to myself, I am really quite wore out with Fatigue of Body and Mind. The Discharge of my Duty in protecting the Fron tiers, order'g Men up, and the arduous Task in raanaging our House of Burgesses, and to keep them in proper Temper, I find many Difficulties, and am always glad of the Time to pro rogue them. I am really in a bad State of Health, and if I don't recover this Sumer, I must in the Fall desire leave to corae Home, as I am convinc'd the Bath wou'd be of much Service to me; but more of this hereafter. Attempts were made last Ses sion by the Ho. of Burgesses for another Agent, but I had Influ ence sufficient to prevent it; tho' the Bill was sent to the Coun ch, I assur'd thera I wou'd not give ray Assent to it, so it drop'd. The Money granted by Parliam' t and given to the No' ern Colo nies occasion'd some uneasiness here, as we were neglected in the Royal Donation, as we certainly have done more than any one Colony. I told them they probably may be consider'd the next Sessions of Parham' t. We have voted, at times, ;^i50,ooo, and have had 500 Men all Winter protecting the Frontiers of this and the other Colonies, and undoubtedly the Produce of this Dominion pays more to the Crown than all the others. I told them of the ;^2,ooo sent me, which was expended on the Expedition, besides Arms, Powder, Lead, &c. However, the 438 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. Legislature have jointly address'd H. M'y with a Remonstrance of the Present State of the Colony, which, at their desire, you will give Attention to, and see they both are presented to H. M'y. I also send You Copy of a Treaty concluded with the Catawbas and Cherokees. The keep'g of those Nations from join'g the French is a point of great Consequence, and we had reason to fear it, if I had not engag' d thera to build them a Fort in the upper Cherokee Country, and accordingly have sent 60 Workmen, with Tools, Provisions, &c. This the Gov'r of So. Carolina sh'd have done a Year ago, having sent him ;^i,ooo St'g for that Service. The Catawbas promis'd the Com'rs to send us 40 of their Warriors, but I hear Mr. Glen has been very angry with them for treating with us with't his Permission, and has actually prevah'd with thera not to s'd us the Men prorais'd. If all be true that's reported of hira, he does all in his power to obstruct the Service. I hear he's gone to the Cherokees. I wish he raay not influence thera not to adhere to the Treaty. He appears to me in a very strange light. Our Acts of Assem bly, not transcrib' d fair, so y't I cannot transrait them by this Opp'ty, but shall soon. In my recommendat'n for Councehors, Philip Lightfoot was nam' d inst' d of Wra. , and Man Page in stead of John Page, w'ch in ray L're now to the b'd I've recti fied; therefore, the last recoraraendation is right. I'm weary with this long l're, m'st therefore conclude, w'th our kind Wishes for y' r Health, &c. , I remain. Sir, Y'r Friend and h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE HONORABLE AUGUSTUS KEPPEL, ESQ'R. June, 1756. Worthy Sir: This will inform You that this Spring, the French, w'h their Indians, invaded the Frontiers of this Dominion with ag't No., and perpetrated the most cruel murders, burnt and destroy'd the Poor People's Plantations, and Houses, w'ch obhg'd me to raise the Militia in 10 of the Counties most con- dinwiddie papers. 439 tiguous, on which the Banditti, in different Parties, raarched over the Allegany Mountains to their Fort on the Ohio. Uncertain whether they intend to reinforce and return to renew their Bar barities. I ara now enabled by a Draught from the Militia, to augm't our Regira't to 1500 Men, to remain on the Defensive to protect our Frontiers. You very well know the Difficulties I have to encounter to keep the People here in a proper sense of their Duty to H. M'y, and their own Safety, but I cannot incul cate to them a Martial Spirit. Our lower class of People are a dastardly, lazy, inactive . The Asserably I have prevah'd on to vote ^60,000 more for H. M'y's Service, but we have neither Cannon or Engineers, if we had men sufficient to attack Fort Du Quesne; and our neighbouring Proprietary Governra'ts continue very indolent and inactive, and appear to me the Bane of the Operations and will forever continue so, unless H. M'y makes a Purchase of thera, either wholly, or by pay'g them an annual Sum (which may be replac'd from the Quit- Rents yearly) and put those provinces on the sarae Establishm't with the others on this Cont't. I daily expect to hear of the Earl of Loudon's Arrival at N. York, and I am very glad he is appointed Commander-in- Chief, as I am told he is a very good, experienc'd Officer, w'ch is greatly wanted, and I hope will give a good Turn to Affairs, as, in my private Opinion, they are not well conduct' d to the Northw'd, some Differences subsisting between the Comanding Officers, which at all times is destructive to every Expedit'n. I also hear he is appointed Governor of this Dominion, which I am glad of I have been so harrass'd and fatigu'd with our Mhitia and House of Burgesses, that if it was a proper Time, I shou'd desire to come home. About 150 of our Gentlemen en tered into an Association, and are march'd to Fort Cumberland. I hope it will in some measure animate the lower sort of People. Capt Arbuthnott is order'd to Nova Scotia, and c'd have wish'd he had remain'd on his Station, but cou'd not be pre vah'd on as he had Comodore Spry's orders which he thought he was oblig' d to obey. We have made a Treaty with the Catawba and Cherokees, w'ch I enclose you. In compliance w'th ray Promise at parting, I trouble you w'th this long L'r, which I expect for above reason You whl excuse, and I must further add that with Sincerity, I wish You Health and every good Thing You desire, which, I am convinc'd, your good 440 dinwiddie papers. Sense and Assiduity in every Thing You undertake will justiy merit. My Wife and Girls desire their kind Respects, and I am, in great truth. Sir, Y'r much obhged and most ob'd't h'ble serv't. GOV. DINWIDDIE TO RT. HONORABLE HENRY FOX, ESQ'R. June nth, 1756. R't Hon'ble: At the request of the Counch and House of Bur gesses of this Dominion, I enclose You an humble Address from them to H. M'y, as also a Representation of the present State of this Colony, which they hurably desire You will present to his Royal Hands, for which they will esteera themselves greatly oblig'd, and I remain in g't Truth, R't Hon., Y'r most ob'd't h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE LORDS OF TRADE. June nth, 1756. R't Hon.: Inclos'd I transmit you the List of Ships entering inwards and outwards for the last 6 Mo's, as also the Acc't of the 2s. ^ H'h'd Revenue, w'ch You will observe is brought to a very trivial Bah'ce, owing to the Short Crops last year, occa sion'd by a general Drought over the Colony, as also the large and necessary contingent Charges w'ch arrises from the Emergences of the Governm.' t in these troublesome Times. As the French have long endeav' d to withdraw the Catawbas and Cherokees from their Allegiance to the British Nation, and to raise in them a Spirit of enmity against these Colonies, I judged it for H. M'y's service to send Commissioners to those Nations to conclude a Treaty with them, w'ch they accordingly accom plish'd, and inclos'd I trouble You w'th a Copy thereof How long they may continue in our Friendship is greatly uncertain, dinwiddie papers. 441 for they are of a rov'ng unfix' d Disposition, but to convince them of our Sincerity, I have, at their Request, sent 60 Artifi cers with Tools, &c., to buhd them a Fort in the Upper Chero kee Country, and as some of their chief warriors were here, I rec'ed and entertain'd them with gceat Respect, cloth' d them, and sent thera away w'th considerable Presents, therefore w'd gladly hope they will continue steadfast in their Friendship and Ahiance with us. This Spring we have been greatly Harrass'd w'th No's of French and Indians invading our Back Settleraents, coraitting raany barbarous Murders, and destroying by Fire and Sword the poor People's Plantations. I order'd half the Militia of. 10 Counties to march out to the Assistance and Protection of our Frontiers, on w'ch the Banditti dispers'd and march'd over the Ahegany Mountains to their Fort on the Ohio, whether to reinforce and return to perpetrate more Cruelties is uncertain, but I ara endeavoring, by a Draught from the Militia, to augm't our Reg' m't to 1,500 Men; w'th them we must reraain on the defensive, for want of skillful Officers, Engineers and Artillery, having none here. Four 12-P'rs that were sent from the Ord nance w'h an Officer, were order'd by Gen'l Shirley to N. York, tho' I represented to that Gentleman the g't want we are in of those Guns, but he sent his peremptory Commands to the Officers, and I cou'd not help complying w'th that order. I have great Reason to fear that the French will march many of their Men and Indians frora the Mississippi to Fort Duquesne, on the Ohio; if so, no Doubt they will harrass these Southern Colonies, as we are at present not properly conected * for the Service. The Proprietary Governm'ts have hitherto behav'd very ill, and appear still to be struck with a Lethargic supine ness. Our Assembly voted ^60,000 more for H. M'y's Service, for Protection of our Frontiers and supporting the Expedition. The Acts are not fairly transcrib' d, but I shall be able very soon to transmit thera to y'r L'd'ps, And all I can do for H. M'y's Service shall be w'th Alacrity and proper Care. Mr. Burwell, the eldest Counceher here, died about a Mo. ago, and below I give You the names of Gentlemen I think most proper to succeed to the Council Board on any vacancy. I remain, w'th g't Deference and due respect, R't Hon., y'r L'd'ps' most ob'd't and faithful serv't List of Gentlemen recommended to succeed to the Council on 442 dinwiddie papers. vacancies: Warner Lewis, Philip Ludwell Lee, John Tayloe, Ralph Wormeley, Wihiam Lightfoot, Daniel Parke Custis, Robert Carter, John Page, and Edward Hack Moseley. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR DOBBS. June nth, 1756. Sir: Having the Opp'ty of Colo. Innes, I c'd not shun enquiring after y'r Health. We are very barren of News frora Brittain. My last was early in Apr., w'n it was said L'd Loudon, with the Forces, w'd be ready to erabark soon for N. York, and I daily expect to hear of his Arrival there. I have no L'rs of late from the No'w'd. I hear Gen'l Shirley is at Albany, but do not know the No. of Forces he has with hira, or whether he whl go on Action before the Arrival of L' d Loudon. We have been har rass'd this Spring with Flying Parties of the Enemy, w'ch obliged me to raise the Militia of 10 Counties for the Protection of our Frontiers. The Banditti march'd over the Mountains, but still continue to disturb the frontiers with small Parties, watch' g their Opp'ty in surpris' g the unwary Settlers; but I referr You to the Bearer, who can be particular in these Affairs. We are in great Want of good Officers, Engineer and Arthlery, that I think we are in a bad Situation, and am afraid they will reinforce Fort Duquesne from Mississippi, and from that Fort continue their Depredations against these Colonies, and our People are so dastardly that I cannot raise in them a martial Spirit, or raise Men sufficient to augment our Regim't to 1,500 Men. The Assembly have voted a further Sum of ;ig6o,ooo for H. M'y's Service, but that wih not do without men to protect our frontiers. I am still apprehensive the Cherokees are not sincere and steady to our Interest, tho' they have enter'd into a Treaty with Us. Copy thereof I herein enclose you. I have reason to think the Gov'r of So. Carolina has acted under-hand w'th these People, and, as I am inform'd, prevent' d 40 of the Catawbas coming in to our Assistance, and the Cherokees that were here are return'd to their Nation w'th Promises of Aiding DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 443 Us w'th 400 of their War'rs; but I suspect their Sincerity, tho' they left this weh pleas'd with their Treatm't and Presents; but I hear some of their young Men robb' d some of our back setlers on their journey home. I have sent Maj'r Lewis, a Person well acquaint' d with the Woods, w'th 60 Men, most of them Arti ficers, w'th Tools and Provisions for assisting to build a Fort in the upper Cherokee Country, and I ara inforra' d Mr. Glen goes with a No. of Men for that Service; however, I shah be glad to hear of Mr. Littleton's Arrival. Mr. Glen sent me a Present of 60 of the Neutrals, w'ch I by no means w' d allow to be landed. We have sent all those that were import'd here to G. Britain at the expence of ;^5,ooo. From Georgia and So. Carolina they had several Vessels given them, and they are coasting along to the No'ward, no Doubt intending for Nova Scotia. 10 Vessells w'th these People were seen off our Capes, but I have given Orders to prevent their Landing here, and must think was not well judg'd to give them the Opp'ty of see ing the Inlets on our Coast, and probably may land at proper Places, rob and raurder our People, and if they reach Nova Scotia will, in Course, be more inveterate Eneraies; therefore, I think it more eligible to send them horae. I shall be glad to hear of Y'r Health, &c. We all join in true Respects to you and nephew. I always ara, Y'r Ex's raost h'ble Serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR GLEN. June 1 2th, 1756. Sir: I rec'd Y'r L're of the 2th Curr't Gover'r Lawrence s't to this Governra't 1,100 Accadians, under the Name of French Neutrals ; I prevah'd on the Council to receive them and main tain them till the Assembly met, at a very great Charge. The Assembly w'd by no means agree to their remain'g here, but address'd me that they sh'd immediately be ship'd for G. Britain and they w' d pay the expence of transport' g thera. As there is no fund for maintaining them here, I was under a necessity 444 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. to comply with their resolve. Vessehs are accordingly hired, and most of them ship'd off at the Expence of ;^5,ooo to the Country. Upon Y'r seriously consider' g the above, I hope You will think it is right that I refuse reciv'g those 50 You have sent here. They are gone to the No'w'd. The Com'rs that went from this to the Cherokees, wrote rae from their Nation, that unless they had a Fort buht, they w'd not supply us w'th more of their Warr'rs. Indeed, I expected that Fort had been begun before this Time. Our Assembly, then sitting, I laid their L're before them. They address'd me, to assist, out of the small Bah'ce of English Money in ray Hands. I agreed to advance ;^8oo, on w'ch they voted ^1,200 raore. In Consequence thereof, I engag'd Maj'r Lewis, with 60 Men, raost of them Tradesmen, to proceed to Chotte. He carried with him pro per Tools, w'h 10,000 lbs. Flour and 100 Beeves. If I had known Y'r Exc'y had determin'd to go there, I sh'd have order'd Affairs in another Method, but he has been gone 3 Weeks, for I was determin' d to do every Thing in my Power to engage them to send us some of their Warr's, who are greatly wanted; for the French and their Indians came in great No's from the Ohio to our frontiers, comitted many Murd'rs, cut off the Communication between Fort Cumberland and Winchester, which obliged me to raise the Militia of the 10 contiguous Counties. They immediately dispers'd and return'd to the Ohio, I fear, to reinforce themselves, and so, to return. Wherefore, we have raade a Draught from our Militia to compleat our stand'g Regira't to 1,500. On Your seriously consider' g our Situation, undoubtedly. You wih think we very much want a No. ofthe In dians to attack the Enemy in their own Way of fighting, w'ch I strongly recoraend to You. The Money sent me from England, is very near expended, that what to do to support the Expedi tion, I know not. Our Assembly voted ;^6o,ooo more, but the Charge of the Militia whl, very soon expend that Sum. As I ex pect this will meet You in the Cherokee Co'try, I desire Y'r Int't with them to send us a No. of y'r War'rs [which] will, I think, wih be essentially for H. M'y's Service, and the good of the B. Colonies. Earl of Loudon, is appoint'd Commander-in-Chief of the Forces, and Gov'r in Chief this Dom'n, in the room of L'd Albemarle and is expect'd to land at N. York. I send one of the Counch to congratulate him, and, w'th a true Representation DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 445 of the Situation and bad State of this Colony, and to pray his As sistance, tho' I think it's late in the Year for opening the Cam paign. Heartily wishing Success to all his Operations, I am respectfully, Y'r Ex's raost ob'd't h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE'S MESSAGE TOTHE KING, SACHEMS AND WARRIORS OF THE CATAWBA NATION, WISHING YOU HEALTH AND PROSPERITY. Brothers and Friends : The Com'rs that went from this to Y'r Nation have dehv'd rae the Treaty they conclud'd w'th You, w'ch was very agreeable to rae and Y'r Brothers in this Colony. And I have transmitted a copy thereof, to our Father, the Great King, the other side of the Great Waters and I ara convinc'd he will be very well pleas' d that his Children here live in love and Amity together. The Com'rs told that You promised to send me 40 of Your warriors to assist me against y'r Enemies and ours. As they did not come in, I presume something oc curred that prevented them. The Particulars thereof I shall be glad if You wih inform rae, and if You will stih agree to send us a certain nuraber consistent with the Treaty, it will be very kind, and you raay be assur'd proper Care shall be taken of them. If so, send me word by this Express, the Number, and what part of this Colony they raay come to, and that I may provide accordingly for them. That You raay long live and enjoy great Happiness, is my sincere Wish. Given under my hand and the great Seal of this Colony, 1 2th June, 1756. MESSAGE OF GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE EMPEROR OLD HOP AND OTHER SACHEMS OF THE GREAT NATION OF CHEROKEES, WISHING HEALTH AND PROSPERITY. The Comiss' rs that went from this to y'r Nation delivered to me the Articles of a Treaty entered into and concluded between 446 dinwiddie papers. You and them, w'ch was very agreeable to me and y'r Brothers in this Colony. And I have transmitted a Copy thereof to our father the Great King, on the other side of the great Waters, and I ara convinc'd he will be very well pleas' d when he knows his Children here live in Love and Amity, and that confirm'd by a Treaty. The Com'rs wrote me when w'th You that You were very earnest for a fort to be built in y'r upper country, and that they engaged our Assistance therein. In Consequence thereof, I immediately sent 60 Artificers with Tools and Provis ions, and hope before this reaches you they are in y't Country, and will properly answer the Intension of sending them. The Indians that came here to our Assistance went out to attack the Shawness in their Town, but were unfortunately disappointed, but nothing to be imputed to them on this head; but other ways were greatly recomended to rae by their Brothers that accompa nied them in that Expedition. When they parted w'th rae they agreed to go to join our forces at Winchester, &c., but after wards they determined to go home to bring greater Nos. to our Assistance, and I hope Outasite and the rest of the Chief War riors and y'g Men are safe arriv'd with you. The Young Men, in their March through this Colony, comitted some Roberies among the poor Inhabitants, who have made Complaint to me thereon. I am convinc'd Outasite, or any other of the Chiefs, w'd not have countenanc'd any such thing. The Young Men that came here for Education at our College did not like Con fineraent, and, in Course, no Inclination to Learning. They were too old. If you sh' d think proper to send any, they sh'd not exceed the Age of 8 Years. Those that came here were well cloath'd and properly taken Care of, but they co'd not be reconch'd to their Books; they went away of their own accord, with' t leave. If any come hereafter, about the above Age, I will cause proper Care to be taken of them. And I hope, agreeable to the Treaty, you whl [send] a No. of y'r Warr'rs, and by the Express send me word, that I maj' provide for them. We very soon expect a great General and many brave War'rs from our Father the King, the other side of the great Waters, to protect you and y'r Brethren from the Insults of the French and their Indians, and I have no Doubt that you will chearfully assist us against those our Enemies and y'rs. I should gladly have met the little Carpenter at Holston' s River, but the Multi- DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 447 plicity of Affairs I have now to transact in H. M'y's Service makes it impossible. That You may long live and be a pros perous Nation is my sincere Wish and Desire. Given under my Hand and the great Seal of this Colony, 12th June, 1756. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR SHARPE. June 2ist, 1756. Sir: I wrote you the 24th Ult'o, to which please be referred. I have not any from You since, w'ch surprizes me, and I sh'd be glad to know the last deterraination of y'r Asserably. Our As- sem'y voted ^60,000 for H. M'y's Ser., and further passed a Law for draught'g the Mhitia to augm't our Force to 1,500 Men, but unluckily and ag'st my Opin'n, they excus'd the Men draughted, on pay'g ;^io each. Y's, in a great Meas., defeated the Inten'n of the Law, as very raany p'd the ^10. The No. sent up to Winchester, as yet I have not a true Ace' t of, but they will corae far short of my Expectat's. One Stalniker, who was taken Prisoner by the Shawnesse, made his escape and says he saw six Fr. Officers with 1,000 Ind's from Oubatch, bound to F't Duquesne, and reports they intended to visit our Front's y's Sumer. I w'd gladly think they have not the No. mention'd, but I tho't it necessary to acqu't you, y't we may be on our guard ag'st 'em. One Ct. Brown, bound to Y'r Gov't in 7 Weeks' passage from Londo., wrote to a F'd of his here y't 2,000 Regulars were embark'd for N. York 10 Days before he sail'd, and y't L'd Loudon, with 1,000 raore, where to sail in 10 Days after him. They are much too late for y's Sumer's Campaign. It may be expected next Post from N. York may give us acc't of the arrival of the ist Detachm't and L'd Lou don with the others may soon be expected. I can't see w't we can do but be on the Defensive, and I have given Co. Wash ington Orders accordingly. I shall be glad of a line from you with y'r Opin'n on our pres't Situat'n. Enclos'd you have the Treaty concluded with the Catawbas and Cherokees. I rem'n, with kind Respects, Y'r Ex's moSt h'ble serv't. 448 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR BELCHER. June 28th, 1756. Sir: My last to you was ^ Mr. Hunter, to w'ch please be refer'd. This serves to cover a Treaty with the Catawbas and Cherokees. The last of these People are very unstedy, and the Fr. are doing ah in Y'r Power to withdraw thera from our Int't, and if they sh'd prevah, wih be of bad Consequence to ah the So'ern Col onies; but if Argum'ts and .Presents will prevail, they shah not be want'g. We daily expect to hear the arrival of the Earl of Loudon and the Forces. I fear they are rather too late for y's Sumer's Campaign, but I sincerely wish Success to all Y'r Operat's. The Fr. are very busy with the Western Ind's, and I fear from y'r Influence and Threats they whl prevail with some of our f'dly Indians, particularly the Twightwees, who, two years ago, had an inveterate Hatred to 'em; but as the Fr. are between Us and 'em, I c'd not possible send a Messenger to 'em, but I expect if we sh'd succeed to the No'w'd, our f'dly Ind's y't have been seduc'd by the Fr. will soon return to us." I heartily wish You Health and every other Felicity You de sire, and I am, in Truth, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't h'ble Serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR DOBBS. June 28th, 1756. Sir: Last Night I rec'd some L'rs frora Engl'd "p. the Packet y't arriv'd at N. York the 6th Curr't. I have a L'r from Co. Webb, who arriv'd there in the Packet, desiring me to forw'd the enclos'd to you by Exp's, w'ch I now accordingly do, and am to pay him ^8. By a Vessell seven Weeks from Londo. says y't 10 Days before he sah'd 2,000 Regular Troops were "'The clause regarding Stalniker, as in the letter to Govemor Sharpe, of June 2ist, it is indicated should be here repeated. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 449 embark'd and sail'd for New York; y't L'd Loudon, with i,ooo more, were to sail a Week after him. We have reason to be - lieve the first Embarkation may be arriv'd at N. York by y's Time, and L'd Loudon, with the rest, very soon. I ara sorry they are so late. I fear they will be rauch hurried in conduct'g any Th'g of Consequence this Suraer. I wrote you by Colo. Innes, and sent you Copy of the Treaty with the Catawbas and Cherokees. I wish the Cherokees may remain stedy to our Int't, but I fear they are under sorae strong Influence and Attachm'ts to the Fr. , but as Gov. Glen, who always declar'd his great Int't with 'em, is in y'r country, I hope he will engage 'em to comply with y'r Engagem'ts. I have sent an Express on y't head, and wrote strongly to Mr. Glen to make Int't with 'era. As there are raany Foreign Off's come and coraing over here to com'd the Royal American Regim't, I wish it may not dis courage recruit'g of Men, as the People in gen'l are averse to be under Com' d of Strangers, but I suspend my Opin' n till the arrival ofthe Com'd'r-in-Chief, and know the Steps he proposes to take in rais'g of Men, w'ch to me at pres't, many obstacles are in the way. We ah join in best Respects, and I am, in Truth, Sir, Y'r ob'd't h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR MORRIS. June 28th, 1756. Sir: Accord'g to my promise, I inclose you the Treaty conclud'd with the Catawbas and Cherokees. I wish they raay sincerely keep up to their Engagem'ts. Ab't lo Days ago I heard there was a Difference between those two Nat's w'ch was likely to end in a War; if so, it must be a Contrivance of Fr. Eraissaries, to make a Breach to withdraw them from our Int' t. The Cataw bas, I think, are our stedy F' ds. I have sent a Messenger to the Cherokees on y's Informat'n, and have invited the little Carpenter, who is the 2d Warrior in y'r Nat'n, to come in here. He ment' d to our Com'rs his great Inclinat'n to corae, and I 450 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. hope we shall be able to accoraraodate any Difference between the Cherokees and Catawbas. The former are a very unfix' d, waver' g set of People, and have lately been much poison' d by the Fr. Falsities and fair Promises; however, if Argum'ts and Pres'ts will keep 'era in our Int't, my Endeav' rs shall be with great Zeal and Sincerity. I rec'd Y'rs of the 12th; I hope You succeeded in hav'g a Regim't of 400 Provincials for Sha mokin, to build a Fort, &c. , and I doubt not You will undecieve the Delawares, &c. , y't the F't is for y'r and our Safety ag'st the Fr. and their Ind's. I am hearthy sorry for the many re peated Disappointm'ts and ill Treatm't you have met with from Y'r Assem' y, and by y't Usage I fear no great Dependence can be put on 'em. Whereas, if y'r Colony, M'yl'd and this, w'd only raise 2,000 or 2,500 Men, I can see no Difficulty in attack'g F't Duquesne. If we did not succeed in tak'g the F't, it would make a great Diversion in preventing y'r joining the Forces at Niagara. I think the miscarriage of our Exp'd'n ag'st the Shawnesse can have no bad Effect with the Ind's. Those y't join'd our Rangers on y't Expedition were well rec'd on y'r ret'n. Cloth' d, had pres'ts for their Squaws, and left us, in all appearance, well pleas'd. The F't in the Cherokee Co'try sh'd have been buht last Sumer, but the Gov. of So. Caro. neglected it, tho' I sent ^i,ooo St'r towards the Charge thereof The same Acc'ts frora Londo., in reg'd to y'r Gov't, as You men tion, but I do not think it will heal the sore. Time wih discover how far the Ministry are to trust to the Proraises of the Quakers at Home. I know you formerly wrote Y'r Intent'n of resign' g the Gov't, w'ch I think You judge very properly, consider'g Y'r situat'n with the Quakers, but I understood Mr. Pownal was the Gov. of N. Engl'd and Mr. Shirley to Jamaica, or c'd I have tho't he w'd have accepted of Y'r Gov't, w'n he was Eye Witness to Y'r Bad Treatm't, but probably he may be invested with greater Authority; yet I think you wih make Y'r Self very happy and easy in retir'g. I am glad L'd Loudon is app't'd Gov. in Ch'f of y's Dom'n, and I doubt not I shah be happy with hira as any other, and his good Character convinces me thereof I heartily wish You Health and Happiness in every Th'g you propose, and I rem'n, with great Reg'd and Est., Y'r faithful and ob'd't h'ble Serv't. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 451 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GENERAL SHIRLEY. July ist, 1756. Sir : I wrote You the 24th May, to w'ch please be ref'd. This covers copy of a Treaty concluded with the Catawbas and Cher okees. The last of these are a very waver' g and unfix' d Peo ple, and I have lately heard they are on the Brink of breaking with the Cawtabas, w'ch I believe is a Plan of the Fr. to draw them from our Int't. I have sent a special Messenger to invite some of the Cherokee Chiefs in here (w'ch is on y'r own Re quest) and I shall endeavor all in my Power to confirm 'em to us, and to' make up any Breach between 'em and the Catawbas. We have now upwards of 1,200 Men on our Front's, but the Proprietary Gov'ts appear very indolent in granting y'r as sistance. If we had some Artillery and Engineers, I think attacking the French on the Ohio w'd be of essential Service. If we did not take their F't, it w'd bea material Diversion in prevent'g y'r send'g y'r Forces to Niagara, &c.'* As I daily expect to hear of Lord Loudon's arrival, if an expedition ag'st F't Du Quesne sh'd be tho't advisable, if he send proper Off's and artihery it may be conducted to Advantage, but y's must be submitted to his superior Judgem' t. I wish You Health and great Felicity in every Th'g You may be appointed to, and I remain with great Respect and Regard, Y'r Ex's raost ob'd't h'ble Servant. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO SIR JOHN ST. CLAIR. July ist, 1756. Sir: Y'r favo. frora Albany, a few Days ago came to my Hands. Capt Montour has a standing Salary of ^25 '^ Ann. y's Mo. '^Here insert paragraph regarding Stalniker, as in the preceding let ter of Governor Sharpe. 452 dinwiddie papers. from y's Gov't, w'ch I doubt not will be cont'd to him, and it shah be p'd to his Order. I congratulate You on Y'r promot' n to L't-Colo. and I doubt not L'd Loudon wih soon observe Y'r Merit and give You Marks of his Esteem. Lately, we enter'd into a Treaty with the Catawbas and Cherokees, Copy thereof I here enclose You. I wish You had mention'd the State of Y'r Health, w'ch I hope You have establish'd. We are all pretty well and join in kind Respects, and I ara. Sir, Y'r raost ob'd't h'ble Serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO SIR CHARLES HARDY. July ist, 1756. Sir: I have rec'd Y'r favour of the 5th of June. I entirely join w'th You in Opinion that the Enemy will continually harrass those Southern Colonies unless we unite in order to carry on an Expedition ag'st the French on the Ohio, w'ch I have recom ended these 6 Mo's past; but the Remissness, or, more properly, the Supine Infatuat'n of the Proprietary Governm'ts, makes that impracticable. Pensylvania voted some Money, w'ch I hear is wholly exhausted in buhd'g a few Forts on their Fron tiers, to be on the Defensive ag'st Invasions on their Colony, and so remain easy, not looking to the general Good of the Col onies, w' ch must be by an Attack on their Fort at the Ohio, and I think all the Argum'ts Mr. Morris makes use of can't raise them from their Lethargic Supineness. Maryland voted ;^40,ooo their Money, but I understand they have restrain'd the Gov' r so much in the Application of the Money that it will be of small Service. Our Assembly voted ^60,000, and are very wihing to do every Thing in their Power for conducting an Ex hibition to the Ohio if they c'd be join'd by the neighbour'g Colonies. Our Regira't is near 1,000 Men, and about 400 of the Mhitia upon our Frontiers, but we want Artillery and Engi neers. Such an Expedition w'd be of great use, for if we c'd not take their Fort it would make a Diversion by prevent'g their Forces, now on the Ohio, from going to Niagara, &c. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 453 I have read Y'rs to Gov'r Morris, w'th Y'r Opinion and Infor mation. It's a dismal Affair that so raany of our Deserters are among the Ind'ns, poisoning their Minds, and raising in their Minds unjust Jealousies against us. I wish Mr. Morris c' d get Mackie into his Hands, and consider'g the Uneasiness and Jealousies of the Indians, a general Meeting at Onondago appears absolutely necessary and proper, and I hope Sir W'm Johnston whl be able to undeceive the Indians and raise a proper Spirit of resent ment ag'st the French and their Indians; and I think the Six Nations may be prevah'd on to use their Authority in reclaim'g the Delawares and Shawnese. . Old Belt has always been a stanch Friend to the English. His Observations just, that since the Defeat of Gen'l Braddock the French have increas' d their Interest much araong the Indians, but I w'd gladly hope they have not got the Twightwees to their Interest. About two Years ago some of their Chiefs carae to Winchester, where they were kindly receiv' d, and disraiss'd with some Presents. They then declar' d they w' d be ever Enemies to the French, for some time before the French took one of their Towns, kill'd many of their People, took their King, roasted him whole, and the French Officers took out his Heart and eat it. This, they said, they never w' d forget or forgive. The French, being between them and us, I never have been able to send a Message to them ; but I think they never will be cordially in Friendship with thera, tho' there is no real Dependence to be put in their Prom ises, and I am of Opinion the Cherokees are entirely in our Friendship, from the L'rs I have from the Gov'r of So. Carohna. I am very glad you determine to be at the Meeting- at Onon dago, as I am perswaded y' r Presence will be of Service to con vince the Shawnese and Delawares that no Army of English will go ag'st them if they heartily return to our Friendship, and that the Fort at Shamokin will be for their and our Preservation ag'st our Enemies. I shall be glad if L'd Loudon, on his arrival, thinks proper of sending some Regulars and a train of Artihery for conducting an Expedition ag'st the French F't on the Ohio. I had 4 Guns, 12-P'rs, sent from the Ordnance, w'ch w'd have been of g't Service. I detain' d thera here 3 Mo's, and wrote Gen'l Shirley the Service they w'd be of on such an Expedition, but after several L'rs he sent a peremptory Order 454 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. for send'g them to New York, w'ch I was obliged to comply with, and we have not one piece of Ordnance fit for that service. The Protection on exporting Provisions at this Time is abso lutely Necessary, and I am perswaded the French must be in great want. Enclos'd I send You a Treaty concluded w'th the Catawbas and Cherokees, since w'ch I am inform'd there is a Quarrell subsisting between those two Nations, and likely to end in a War. If so, it may be supposed to be fomented by the French, and at this Time may be of very bad Consequence. Their 2nd Warrior told the Com'rs that he wanted rauch to come here to see me. On the above report I sent a Message to the Cherokees, desiring them to send me the No. of War'rs agree able to the Treaty, and I gave an Invitation to the little Carpen ter (who is the 2d great Warrior) to come to this Place, and if any Dispute between them and the Catawbas, I will endeavour to make up the Breach. One Stalniker, who was settled in Augusta County on our Frontiers, was taken prisoner by the Shawnesse about a Year since, has made his Escape and come here the Middle of June. He says that a little before he left the Shawnesse Towns there came 4 French Officers with i,coo In dians frora the Oubatch and the back of the Lakes; that they were marching for Fort Duquesne, and from thence intended to invade our Back Settlera'ts. I believe there were such Officers and sorae Indians, but not near 1,000, as the Indians can't tell numbers, yet I always suspected the French w'd get together all the Indians they c'd to distress our Front' rs; therefore I am still of Opinion that an Expedition to attack them in an Offen- cive manner on the Ohio is much more eligible than sauntering on our Frontiers on the Defensive, for as we are of a great Extent frora No. to So., they divide into small parties and attack the poor unguarded Planters, and this may continue for raany Years if we do not raake a Push to drive them from the Ohio. We are very open Country without any Forts, that a Privateer or 2 may corae into our Capes, robb and plunder the Plantations, take and destroy our Shiping, now the Station Ship is gone to Nova Scotia. One Capt. Joel, a Bermudian, arrived here Yesterday from Turks Isl'ds, and reports that 6 Sail of French Ships of War were Cruizing in the Windw'd Passage and have tak^n many of our Ships, par ticularly a large Guinea Ship, and it's thought they whl intercept DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 455 all our Trade to Jamaica. I have by this Express wrote to his E'dsship proposing the Expedition to the Ohio. Probably he may advise with you thereon. I shall be very glad to hear the result of the Onondago Council, and hope the Six Nations and their Alhes wih Join w'th Resolution in the Expedition now projected. I wish You Health and Happiness, and am in great Truth and sincerity, Y'r Ex'c'ys most ob'd't h'ble Serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO LORD LOUDON. July ist, 1756. R't Hon.: I wrote You by P. Ludweh, Esq' re, one of the Coun cil of y's Dom., who to deliver You an Address from the Council and myself, as also a State of y's Colony, to w'ch I beg to refer Y'r L'd'p. Since writ'g the above one Stalniker' an Inhabit't of Augusta county, &c " As I wrote You in my last, we were draught'g the Militia to augm't our Provincial Regim't to 1,500 Men. Unluckily, in the Act of Assembly, those draughted were to pay ;^io if they did not go. On w'ch in raany Counties they defeated the Law by cohect'g the ^10. This was contrary to ray Opin'n, for I argu'd if they did not go, they sh'd be obliged to send a proper Person in y'r Room, but the Assembly differed from me, and raade the Penalty as above, w'ch greatly prevented the rais'g the No. expected; however, I hope w'n collected in a body they will be near 1,200 Men. I must ob serve to Y'r L'd'p y't the two Proprietary Gov'ts of M'yl'd and Pensylvania have been very tardy, in y'r Supplies for the Good of the Expedit'n in gen'l, and seem contented in buhd'g a few Stockado Forts for protection of y'r Frontiers, w'ch, if cont'd, we shall be forever expos' d tothe Invas's, Murders and Rob beries of the Enemy. I have always been of Opin'n and con tinue in the same, y't while we continue on the Defensive, as the Frontiers of the So'ern Colonies are so very extensive, the Enemy ™ To be continued as in the preceding letter. 456 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. will always harrass us in such places w'n we are not provided to receive 'em, and, therefore, I have often propos'd to the neigh bour'g Colonies, each to raise a proper quota of Men and Provis's to march to the Ohio and attack F't Du Quesne. If we did not succeed in taking the F't it would be a raaterial Diversion in prevent'g the Fr. and Ind's frora proceed'g to Niagara, &c., to join their other Forces, but I have not been able to perswade 'em to go into y's Expedit'n, and, indeed, at present, having no Artillery or Ingineers we are in a bad Situa tion for such Design, but ifit s'hd appear eligible to Y'r L'ds'p, the supply' g a small Train of Artihery, with a proper Off'r to to conduct the Expedit'n and some Engineers, w'th Y'r L'd' p's order to the neighbour'g Colonies to raise Y'r Quota of Men, and if tho't proper, a few of the Regul's, cv'd put Spirit into the Provincials, and they raay be sent by Sea to Alexandria, w'ch is but a'bt i6o railes frora F't CumbTd. Y's I h'bly submit to Y'r superiour Knowledge and Judgem't. If put in execut'n I beg early Notice, y't I write to the Cherokees and Catawbas to assist us with the Warriors stipulated in the Treaty lately concluded with those Nations. We have six Mo's ago pro hibited the Exportat'n of all kinds of Provis's here, but to our own Colonies, and y'n to give Bond, with Security to produce a Certificate of y'r being landed there. If y's was gen'l over all the Colonies on y's Cont't, I am convinced the Enemy w'd be in great want of Provis's. I have lately heard that the Cher okees have quarrell' d with the Catawbas; if so, it must be by the Instigat'n of the Fr., but I hope to have it contradicted. However, on the Surmise thereof, I sent a special Messenger to the Cheokees invit'g one of y'r Sachems to corae here. If any Dispute, I shall endeav'r to reconcile thera, for I fear without Ind's to attack Ind's in y'r own way of Bush fighting we shall not be able to defeat the Designs of the Fr. My L'd, I shah be glad to know w'n I may expect the Hon'r of seeing You here. I ara to acqu't You y't the Gov't Ho. is a very good one, but there are only three Rooras besides the Garrets and Offices, seperate frora the Ho. As I am sensible the Ho. will be only sufficient for You and Y'r Attend' ts, if You will please let me know w'n You propose com'g here, I shall take care to have the Ho. ready for Y'r recept' n, and rent a Ho. for myself and Family, w'ch awaits Y'r answer. My L'd, we are a very DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 457 open Co'try with't any Fortificat's, y't a Privateer may come in and robb the Plantat's. Now the Stat'n Ship is gone to N. Scotia, it will be of great Service if You w' d please speak to the Comodore of the King's Ships, now at N. York, to send us two of the Ships to protect our Coast. For as the Fr. are greatly in want of Provis's in y'r Isl'ds, it's not improbable but they may send some Privateers here on purpose for Provis's, and take some of our Trade coming or going for Brit'n. I tho't proper to s'd y's Exp's to Y'r L'd'p, and hope, onhis ret'n, to be hon' d with Y'r Com'ds, w'ch shall be duly obey'd to the utmost of my Power. I rec'd by Exp's from Mr. Cunningham, y'r Aid-de-Camp, a Box, which he says cont's Y'r Patent for the Gov't of y's Dom'n, w'ch shall be taken proper care of till Y'r arrival. Co. Hunter, of y's Place, is at N. York. He is a Gent, of Worth and Knowledge; if Y'r L'd'p thinks proper to ask him any Th'g ab't y's Dom'n. I hope by y's reaches You, You have recov' d the Fatigues of a long Voyage. With sincerity wish'g you Health and great Success in all Y'r Operat's, I rem'n, in great Truth, Y'r Ex's ob'd't and fathful h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GENERAL ABERCROMBIE. July ist, 1756. Sir: Refer' g You to the L'rs wrote You by ray F'd, P. Lud weh, Esq'r, I c'd not send y's Exp's away with't writ'g You, and hope it wih find You in perfect Health and recov' d from the Fatigues of a long Sea Passage. I have wrote my L'd ^ y's Ex's, and I trouble You with a printed Copy of a Treaty con cluded with some of the So'ern Ind's, for Y'r Amusem't. I have had sent me an Act of Parliam't to qualify Foreigners to be Off's in the Royal Araericans. I sincerely wish it may an swer the Intention of the Legislature and Ministry at Home, but I much fear the Provincials whl be very uneasy to be Com' d'd by Foreigners and great Difficult' s in recruit'g, as they are now excessive backward in enter' g into the Service under the Com'd 458 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. of the People they are known to. Indeed, the lower Class of People in the Colonies want a martial Spirit, and are of an in dolent dastardly Genius. I have had very great Trouble in rais'g the Men in y's Colony and in the pay thereof I know not how they wih behave if My L' d sh' d think proper to incor porate 'era as part of the Battahions to be rais'd, or if they wih be prevailed on to be Com' d'd by Foreigners, but I presume in y't Case his L'p whl give Cora's to some of ye pres't Off's, but I can't give any Opin'n tih I know his L'd' p's Determinat'n. I flatter myself he wih spend the Winter Mo's here. Shah we be happy in hav'g y'r Corapany in mak'g Y'r Winter Q'rs? I can only say it will give me rauch Pleasure to hear of y'r Health. I not so happy as to see You, with great Sincerety, I wish Suc cess to all Y'r Operat's, and in great Truth I remain. Worthy Sir, Y'r most ob'd't h'ble Serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR DOBBS. July 22nd, 1756. Sir: My last to you was the 28th June, by Ex's, with some Pack ets frora Eng'd. Since y't I rec'd Y'rs of the loth ult'o, and now hav'g the Opp'ty of Y'r Chief Justice'™ I gladly embrace it in pay'g my Respects to You. I observe You propose send'g 100 steers to the Workmen y't are building a Fort in the Cher okee Co'try, w'ch will be a good Supply. I gave Orders to Lewis, who went with our Men, to be subraissive to Mr. Glen, rather than hinder the Building of the Fort. We have been in form'd y't the Cherokees have been endeavour' g to take up the Hatchet in favor of the French, but am in hopes after the Treaty with our Com'rs they will not go so contrary to y'r En gagements. I have sent a special Messenger to them to know the Truth thereof, and to call on the Catawbas to know y'r reason for not sending in y'r Warriors agreeable to y'r Promise. "*' James Hassell appears as first in the reported list of justices of North Carolina at this period. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 459 I have heard w' t You write, y' t it was on the instigation and Orders of Mr. Glen, but as Mr. Littleton is now arrived I hope Things wih go bett'r from y't q'r. Mr. Glen has always acted contrary to the King's Int't, and has much harrass'd our Affairs with the Cat' a and Chero., and contrary to his promise to our Com'rs at Cha's Town. W't Views he may have by such Conduct is a Secret to every Body but hiraself I wish You to buhd the Ca tawbas a Fort and supply 'era with w't they want, for I think they are strongly attached to our Int't. I wrote the Chero. about the Robberies comitted by y' r People on y' r return from y's, and desired they w'd enquire into it. In the mean time, it's absolutely necessary to act with great Caution, as You observe it's more than probable they were encouraged by the Fr. to committ those Robberies. I wish you to order Mr. Campbell to send Acc't of the Steers d'd by his Order at Winchester, for a Voucher to me. Last week I had Acc't from N. York y't Gen'l Abercrorabie was arrived there with 1,500 Men, and im mediately went to Albany, and y't L'd Loudon was dahy ex pected w'th 1,000 more, and it's expected y't he is arriv'd at N. Y., but I have no proper Acc't thereof War was declar'd in London ag'st Fr. 17th May, but not notified to rae in form. The Fr. and y'r Ind's invaded Augusta Co'ty, took a small Stockade F't, and put some People y't were in it to the Sword, and burnt the F't. I have order'd out a No. of the Mhitia to assist y' t Co' ty, but I apprehend we shall always be harrass' d with fly'g Parties of these Banditti unless we form an Expedit'n ag'st thera, to attack 'era in y'r Towns, and to drive 'em from the Ohio, w'ch I have fully wrote to L'd Loudon ab't, desiring his Assistance, with some Engineers and Artillery. I wait pa tiently for his answer. We all join in kind Respects to you and Nephew, and I sincerely am, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't h'ble Serv't. 460 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. INSTRUCTIONS FOR CAPTAIN PETER HOG, OF THE VIR GINIA REGIMENT.'o^ Sir: As the Assembly has voted a chain of Forts to be built on the Frontiers, The Governor has ordered out the Mihtia of Augusta to assist you in erecting them, and it was determined in a Councile of War held at Fort Cumberland, agreeable to the Governor's orders, that you should have the care of construct'g them, " and that you should receive directions to Build at or about 20 or 30 miles distance, as the situation of the Coun. try requires, or [Ground will perrait, and to have particular regard to the Body of Inhabitants to be defended, and the passes most frequented by the Enemy, and that Capt. Hog begin to build, observing the above considerations, to the Southward of Fort Dinwiddie, extending the Line towards Mayo River as directed by the Assembly." You are, therefore, as soon as possible, to proceed to Augusta Court-house and consult with the Comanding Officers, and others of that County, and fall upon the most expeditious methods to raise the Militia, with which and Your own Company, except about 30 private wh. you are to leave under the Coraraand of Lt. Bullet, at Fort Dinwiddie, and set iraediately upon that Duty, taking Care also to observe the orders herewith sent you by his Honor, the Governor, and to draft the best Work men to take with you. If you are apprehensive that the Eneray will annoy you, and endeavour to obstruct your erecting these Forts, You are first to proceed to the place which shall be judged most convenient for the defence of the Inhabitants, and Erect your first Fort there — if not — proceed as first directed. You are, whhe upon this Work, to keep out constant cov ering parties, and above all things guard against a surprize. I have sent you herewith a plan of the kind of Forts you are to build, which you must follow exactly. The men drafted from your Corapany for this comand wih '"' Kindly copied by John Ott, Esq., from the original (signed only by Washington) in the possession of Arista Hoge, Esq., of Staunton, Va., a great-grandson of Captain Peter Hog. dinwiddie PAPERS. 461 receive double pay for every day they work, wh. you are to be exact in taking account of 'tis the Same that's allowed the sol diers here who work, and the Mhitia wih receive 6d. extra for every day they work. Both Soldiers and Militia here are con tented w'h this ahowance. I hope your own Corapany with the Addition of the Mihtia, whl be of sufficient force to conduct this work, but lest dividing your Men may subject your seperated partys to the insult of the Eneray, I wou'd have you keep in a Body and Build Fort after Fort, leaving Garrisons in thera from 15 to 30 men under comand of a sub or Trusty Sergeant As the Difficulty of getting Tools in these parts is not easily to be conceived, I would advise you to pursue the sarae raethods in Augusta that I have done here, vizt., to get of the Inhabi tants, giving receipts for the Quantity and Sorts of Each, and paying for the use, also the daraage and Loss, if any is sus tain' d, but to buy wou'd be best; if this you can do, take par ticular care of the whole you receive. Given under my hand, at Winches' r, 21st of July, 1756. G°. Washington. ' GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO HENRY FOX, ESQ. July 24th, 1756. R't Hon'ble: I have the Hon'r of receiv'g both Y'r L'rs ofthe 13th of Mar. It gives me great Pleasure y't H. M'y was pleas'd to appoint the Earl of Loudon Com'd'r-in-Chief of all his Forces on y's Cont't. A person thorowly acquainted with Mihtary Af fairs was very much wanted here, and from the gen'l great Char acter of L'd Loudon, I doubt not H. M'y's gracious Intent's for the good and Service of his Dora's in these Parts will be fully answer'd by his L'd' p's being appoint'd Com'd-in-Chief We daily expect to hear of his arrival at N. Y. , and I have sent one of the Council from y's to congratulate him on his arrival, and sent a true state of y's Dom'n to him, with my Opin'n and re marks on the present Situat'n of Affairs in these Parts. It's my 462 dinwiddie papers. Duty, and greatly my Inclination, to keep a close Correspond ence with his L'd'p and to give hira ah the Intelhgence y't raay occur for H. M'y's Service. If any of the Foreign Off's ap p't'd by H. M'y should come into y's Co., I shah be ready to support and assist them in every Th'g in my power, but we have very few foreigners settled in y's Gov't. I have wrote my L'd my great readiness to assist and promote the Exped' t'ns un der his direct'n, and I have desired his Com'ds relating thereto, w'ch shall be duly complied with to the utmost of ray Power and Capacity. W'n our Asserably meets I shall strongly recom'd to 'era the diff't Th'gs ment'd in Y'r L'r, but as I expect L'd Loudon will make his Winter Q' rs here, I shall then be able to speak to himself on the diff't Orders I have the Hon'r to re ceive from You, and how to manage Affairs with the Assembly, &c. Twelve Mo's ago proper Orders and Direct's were given to prev't any Provis's being carried to the Fr. Isl'ds or Colonies, w'ch I fully believe answers H. M'y's Intent's and Com'ds. We are sthl harrass'd with fly'g Parties of Fr. and Y'r Ind's, who murder our poor front'r Settlers and destroy y'r Plantat's. Y's has been the Case ever since our Co'try was left open and ex pos' d. I have order' d a Chain of Forts to be built along our Front's for the Protect'n of the Inhabit's. But our front's are so extensive y't the Eneray invades us where we are weakest and least provided, and I fear y's will always be the Case till we drive 'em frora the Ohio. I have fully represented y's to L'd Loudon, with a Proposal for an Expedit'n ag'st 'em from F't CumbTd, and y't some Regulars, Ingineers and Artillery wih be absolutely necessary. From his late arrival at N. York we can not expect to do any Th'g y's Sum'r but to rem'n on the defen sive. We have about 600 Men at F't Cumberland to def'd the Front's of Hampshire and Frederick Co't's, and I have Order'd 400 Militia to def'd the Front's of Augusta, with Orders to buhd four or five Forts. Ab't one mo. ago 100 Fr. and Ind's came into Augusta Co'ty, murder'd and scalp'd sorae of the unweary and unguarded People, but I think the Militia drove 'era over the Mount's. I forraerly did myself the hon'r of writ,'g You y't the neutral Fr. from N. Scotia were very unwelcorae guests to our People, and therefore, at the Charges of y's Gov't, we transported 'em to Britain, to be dispos'd of as H. M'y may please to direct. Since y't many hun'ds of 'em have been seen dinwiddie papers. 463 on the Sea Coast of y's Dora'n. They were those sent to So. Caro. and Georgia. It appears those Gov'ts gave 'era sraall Vessells to go where they pleas'd. The Consequence is y't coasting along the different Colonies on y's Cont't, they wih discover the many different Inlets and rob our People for Pro vis's, and I suppose intend to return to N. Scotia, where, if they arrive, will prove more inveterate Enemies y'n before, and, in course, defeat the Intent'n of dispersing 'em, and I h'bly con ceive the send'g 'em for B'n is much raore eligible y'n giving 'em the Opp'ty of return' g to our Front's of N. Scotia. These Th'gs I conceive to be ray Duty to lay before You, at sarae Time to assure You y't every Th'g in my Power for my gra cious Majestie's service shall be done with great alacrity, to the utmost of my Power and Capacity, and beg leave to assure You I reraain, with great Deference and due Respect, R't Hon., Y'r most ob'dt, faithful and most h'ble serv't. Letters of this date '^ the Hatley. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE LORDS OF TRADE. July 24th, 1756. R't Hon.: My last to You was on the nth of June, to w'ch I desire You to be refer'd. Since y't I'm hon'd with Y'rs of 17th of Feb'y. I am very glad H. M'y was pleas'd to app't the Earl of Loudon Cora'd'r-in-Ch'f of his Forces on y's Cont't. A Gent, thorowly acquainted with railitary Aff's was rauch wanted here, and from the gen'l great Character of his L'd' p's Capacity, it may be hop'd his M'y's gracious Intent's of pro tecting his extensive Territories and Subjects in y's Part of the World will be fully answer'd by the entire managera't and Con duct being left to His L'd' p's direction. I am also very glad he is app't'd Gov'r-in-Chief of y's Dom'n in the room of the Earl of Albemarle, in hopes he will raise a military Spirit in the People, w'ch I acknowedge is not in my Power, tho' I have, with great assiduity and Argum'ts, endeavour'd it. You may be assur'd I shall do every Th'g in my power to aid and assist 464 dinwiddie papers. his L'd'p, tho' we have yet no Acc't of his arrival at N. York. I have sent one of H. M'y's Council to N. York to wait his arrival and to congratulate hira thereon, and by him I sent the state of y's Dom'n and my h'ble Opin'n on the Aff's in general. As we have raade a Treaty with the Catawbas and Cherokees, I hope for and expect y'r assistance. Copy of the Treaty I forraerly transmitted to you, but in Case of Miscarriage I send another in the Box with the Acts of the Assembly. In a smah Box directed to Y'r L'ds'ps I have sent a Copy of the Acts of our Ass'y in Aug'st and Oct'r last, and the Acts pass'd in Mar. last, the Journals ofthe Council, Ho. of B's, and the Minutes of Council from 1754, w'ch I hope will come safe to Your hands. You will please observe by the Acts now sent You y't the Grant for H. M'y's Service is to be p'd by the Emiss'n of Paper Curr'cy, Taxes laid for call'g in and destroy'g y't Curr'cy in 1760. I am aff'd I shall be blam'd for giv'g ray Assent to Paper Curr'cy, w'ch I acknowledge was always greatly against ray Inclinat'n and Opin'n, but in the situat'n I was in, I was obhg'd to give my Ass't to the Emiss'n of Paper Mo. or dis band our Forces and leave our front's ungarded and expos'd to the Incursions of a merciless Enemy. Upon seriously consider ing thereof, I agreed to a Paper Curr' cy in such shape y't I think the Trade nor any other Person can comp'n. It bears an Int't of 5 '^ Ct Taxes laid to redeem it in 1760. Upon these Con siderat' s and the real want of Silver and Gold, I hope to meet Y'r Approbat'n in w't is done. We are weekly harrass'd by fly'g Parties of Fr. and Ind's invading our front's. To prevent y's for the future, I have order'd a String of Forts to be built along our Front's, but as they are so extensive, I fear the En emy lurk'g and prowling ara'g our ungarded Settlera'ts; they wih continue y'r inhuman barbarities till an Expedit'n is under taken to drive 'em from the Ohio. I have wrote fully to L'd Loudon on y's Aff'r, and I wait his Com'ds, w'ch shall be duly put in execut'n to the utmost of my Power. I have the hon'r to assure You y't I remain with great Def and due Respect, R't Hon., Y'r L'd'ps' most ob'd't and faithful h'ble serv't. dinwiddie papers. 465 GOV. DINWIDDIE TO THE LORDS OF THE TREASURY. July 24th, 1756. R't Hon. : I did myself the Hon'r of writ'g to You the loth of June, to w'ch I beg [You] to be refer'd, but in Case of miscar riage, I think it necess'y to send You Copy of the Acc't of the 2s. ^ H'h'd Revenue, and a printed Copy of the Treaty con- clud'ed with the Catawbas and Cherokees. The Expen's at tending the execut'n of y't Treaty for a Guard to the Cora'rs, Waggons with Necessaries, Express, &c., arao'tto ^^1,319. 15. 8 Str., w'ch has been exam'd before the Counch, and by the Aud itor certified to be right, besides upw' ds of ;^7oo p' d by me for a Pres't to those Ind's, from the Mo. in my hands belonging to the Public, and sent me from home for the ser. of the Crown. The Council have address'd me to apply to Y'r L'd'ps for Y'r Warr't to the Rec'r-Gen'l for Paym't of the above Sum of ;^i,3i9. 15. 8. from the Rev. of H. M'y's Quit-Rents, and w't further Sum Y'r L'd'ps may think proper to allow the two Com'rs for y'r great Trouble and Fatigueing Journey of upwards of 1,400 M's, chiefly in a Wilderness with't Inhabitants or ac- commodat's but w't they carried with 'em. I beg Leave to observe to Y'r L'd'ps y't on the Treaty of Lancaster, in the Year 1744, Apphcation was made to the then L'ds of H. M'y's Treas'y for paym't of the Cha's of y't Treaty, arao't'g to ;^920. 2. 11. (from the Quit-Rents), and an Allowance for the Com'rs' Trouble. A Warr't was y'n order'd to the Gov. to grant his Warr't to the Rec'r-Gen'l to pay _;^i,620. 2. n. and charge the same to H. M'y's Quit-Rent, w'ch, by the Rec'r- GenTs Books, I observe were duly complied with. Upon the Council's Apphcat'n to me, I recom'd the Ass'y to Y'r L'd'ps' Considerat'n, and must further observe y't the making a Treaty with those Ind's was at y's Time absolutely necess'y; and I ob serve the Com'rs at the Treaty of Lancaster were allowed ;^700. Y'r Journey was within the Inhabit'ts, and no great Fatigue or Inconveniency. To give a Weight to y's Treaty w'th the Ca tawbas and Cherokees, I prevail' d with two of H. M'y's Council to undertake the transact'g this Aff'r. They are Gent, of good Fortune in y's Co'y, and really they underwent much Fatigue 466 dinwiddie papers. and Hardship in traveh'g thorow an uncultivated Co'ty, over run with Woods and Briers. In regard to y'r readiness to ac cept y't necess'y Com'o., I th't it ray Duty to repres't 'em in a proper Light to Y'r L'd'ps and Y'r Com'ds in y's or any other Th'g relat'g to H. M'y's Ser., will at all Times be duly obey'd. We have not any Ace' t of L' d Loudon's arrival at N. York. I wish he had been earlier in the Year; however, I hope Success wih attend all his operat's ag'st a most inhuman, blood-thirsty Eneray. We have had several Incursions from 'em on our Front's, where they com'd many Cruelties, butas I have order'd a String of Forts along our Front's, I hope we shah rem'n on the Defensive in safety for some Mo's. , till an Expedit'n is un dertaken to drive 'em from the Ohio. As raost of the Operat's are to the No'w'd, I doubt not Y'r L'd'ps are properly inform'd from N. York. I greatly hope and wish C. Point may be attack' d and taken. I desire to assure You y' t with great De ference and dutiful Respects, I am, R't H., Y'r L's most ob'd't faithful h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO JAMES ABERCROMBY. July 24th, 1756. Sir: Y'rs of the 12th and 15th Mar. I rec'd. We shall soon see the effect of the Act of Parliara't for comission'g foreign Off's, and I can say it's hard upon those y't have acted under my Com'o., and I think have behav'd well, but I fear the Conse quence, y't it will be difficult for the foreigners to raise Men. W't they may do in Pensylvania, where are many Germans, I know not, but here we have very few foreigners, and I have found it very difficult to raise Men under the Off's appointed by me. I have a L'r from G'l Abercrombie, dated N. York, 21st June. He was y'n in good Health and proceed'g for Albany with the Forces he bro't with him. They are much too late for y's Year; however, I hope they whl be able to take C. Point If they succeed in y't, I think it will be a very great Th'g and as much as can be expected. We have Acc'ts by way of dinwiddie papers. 467 B[ar]b[a]d[oe]s y't war was declar'd in Lo[ndon] the 17th of May, ag'st the Fr. I am in Pain to hear of Y'r Attempt ag'st P. Mahone. I fear our squad' n y't was intended to re inforce and protect y't Place was too late, as I have L'rs frora Mad[eir]a y't say the Fr. had landed 18,000 Men there with' t any interrupt' n. I know the Fr. are very strong. If they can only rem'n on the Defensive 'till Supplies arrive, I sup pose the fear of an Invasion is all over, and I hope our Ships of war will give a good Acc't of the Enemy, for on them, I think, is our chief Dependence, with the Bless' g of God on the Justice of our Cause. We daily expect to hear of L'd Loudon's arrival at N. Y., and I hope he wih take up his Win ter Q'rs here, and I suppose whl qualify and take Charge of the Gov't. Will it not be sufficient if I obtain his Leave to go Home ? Or will it be necessary for me to write for leave ? Pray inquire, in a cursory manner, as from Y'r Self, and write by first Opp'ty, as I ara heartily weary of my fatigue and otherways in a poor state of Health. I now send home the Acts of last As sem' y, and I fear the B'd of T[rade] will find fault on my Assent to ;^6o,ooo P[aper] Curr'cy; but the King's Service oblig'd me to y's Step, for the Gold and Silver has been all pick'd up here for Bills of Excha. and sent to the No'w'd; y't I really think there is not Gold and Silver enough in the Colony to pay our Regim't for six Mos. ; y't if I had not assented to issu'g Paper the Forces must have been disbanded and the Co'try left en tirely expos'd to the Incursions of the Enemy. Y's I think sufficient to vindicate my Conduct in y's Affair. The Fr. and Ind's still continue to invade the Co'try, rob and murder our People. Ab't a Mo. ago a No. of 'em came into Augusta Co'ty, kih'd and scalp'd ten of our front'r Settlers, and they wrote we had kih'd 16 of 'em. I iraraediately order'd out a No. of the Mhitia to repell y'r force, but I expect y's will always be the Case while we rera'n on the Defensive. I have therefore wrote fuhy to L'd Loudon the necess'y of attack'g 'era in y'r Towns and driv'g 'era from the Ohio. All our misfortunes are owing to Colo. Dunbar, for after the fatal 9th of J[ul]y, if he had in trench' d himself and sent in for a reinforcement and other Ne cessaries, he might have made a strong Barrier. Having march'd off the field with more Men y'n the Enemy had, and after he got to F't Curab'l'd march'g to Winter Q'rs the middle of Sum'r, taking the three Independ't Compa's with hira, left 468 dinwiddie papers. our Front's open to the Incursions of a barbarous Enemy, which they made proper use of by Fire and Sword, destroy'g our People and y'r Plantat's (but y's inter jios) as he has al ready lost the Com'd. I wonder You have been so short in reg'd to L'd Loudon's App'm't to this Gov't; whether he pro pos'd imediately tak'g the Gov't upon him, or w't You heard on y't Subject. I hope You raade proper Int't to be continued in Y'r Office. Pray let me hear soon from You and if You think I raay have leave to come home. You raay write to the Lords of Adra'lty or speak to L'd Anson'"^ for Accoraraodat's for Self and P"arahy on board the Garland, Ct. Arbuthnott, now on y's Station, as I believe his three Years are out in the Spring. I reraain with great Respect, S'r, Y'r aff. F'd and h'ble serv't. P. S. — I have by y's Opp'ty wrote to the Lords uf the Trea sury for a Warr't to the Receiver-Gen' 1 of H. M'y's Quit-Rent '"^George, Lord Anson, was born in Staffordshire, 23d April, 1697; entering the navy in youth, by gradation, he reached the rank of Post- Captain in his twenty-seventh year, and in command of the Scarbo rough man-of-war served for several years at the South Carolina station, during the time erecting a town, Anson Burgh, and giving name to a district still called Anson county. On the breaking out of the Spanish war in 1739, he was selected to command the fleet destined to attack the Spanish settlements in the Pacific Ocean, which intention gave rise to the memorable expedition, "Anson's Voyage." His suc cesses made him Rear-Admiral of the Blue in 1744, and not long after, a Commissioner of the Admiralty. In May, 1747, he commanded the Channel fleet, and captured a French squadron of six men-of-war, which were convoying a large fleet bound to the East and West Indies. Two of these prizes were called the Invincible and the Glory, which induced the captain of the first of them to say, on giving up his sword : " Sir, you have conquered the Invincible, and Glory follows you." In June, he was raised to ?he peerage as Lord Anson, on which occasion he took the appropriate motto of nil desperandum. He married, 174S, Elizabeth, daughter of Lord-Chancellor Hardwicke, who died without issue in 1760. In 1751 he was made First Lord of the Admiralty, from which he retired on a change of the administration in 1756, but was reappointed in 1757. In 1761 he was made Admiral and Commander-in-Chief for the purpose of bringing over Queen Charlotte. He died at Moore Park, Hertfordshire, in June, 1762, and having no issue, his property was heired by his bro ther, Thomas Anson, Esq. dinwiddie papers. 469 for Paym't of ;^i,3i9. 15. 8., the Cha[rge]s of the Com'rs ne gotiat'g the Treaty, with the Catawbas and Cher's, and w't further Y'r L'd'ps think proper to give the Cora'rs for y'e great Fatigue and Trouble. There is a Presed't for y's on the Treaty of Lancaster, w'n the y'n L'ds of the Treas'y p'd the Cha's of ;^92o. 2. n. and order'd the Com'rs ;^7oo for y'r Trouble. Y's was in the Year 1744. Besides the above Charges, I advanc'd from the Mo. in my Hands belong'g to the Crown, ^700, w'ch was invested in a Pres't of Goods for 'em. I desire You will give Y'r L'd'ps attend'ce at the Treas'y to know their L'd'ps' reso lut'n in regard thereto. Our 2s. ^ Hhd. Rev. is quite ex hausted; therefore great Dependence on Y'r L'd'ps on Y'r Warr't as above. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE EARL OF HALIFAX. July 27th, 1756. R'T Hon.: My last to You was the 24th of May, to w'ch I beg [you] to be refer'd. By y's Ship I have sent the Acts of Assem'y (to the Board), y't were passed here in Oct'r and Mar. last. The Ass'y granted to H. M'y ;^6o,ooo for conduct'g the necess'y Expedition, by an emission of Paper Curr'y, bear'g Int't at 5 ^ Ct. Taxes laid for call'g in the s'd Curr'cy at or before the Year 1760. I was very unwih'g to give my Ass't to these Bills, and I always was averse to Paper Mo., but I beg leave to assure Y'r L'd'p y't with't it they w'd grant no Sup plies, and really the great Scarcity of Silver and Gold here raade it impossible to pay our Men with't Paper. For these reasons, I hope to be justified in giving my Ass't to these Bills. Thefirst Detachm't of the Forces from B. with Gen'l Abercrombie, are arriv'd at N. York; and by a L'r from thence Yesterday, I ara infor'd they began y'r raarch ag'st C. Point the i8th of y's Mo. 7,000 Provincials, under the Com'd of Gen'l Winslow, insisted on making the Attack on C. Point. Gen'l Abercrombie very prudently granted y'r Request. As they are an enthusiastic set of People it was tho't if they had not been indulged in y's they w'd .have disbanded. The G'l s'd if they succeeded in tak'g' 470 dinwiddie papers. the F't, he was easy who had the hon'r of it. Y's step has gain'd him great Respect from those People. They are all in high Spirits. I pray God grant 'em success. We have as yet no Acc't of L'd Loudon's arrival at N. York; but a Sloop y't came from thence the 24th Curr't gives Acc't of a large Marti nico Ship taken by the Nightingale (the Ship L'd Loudon was in) in y'r Passage to N. Y. Y't prize reports y't the Nightin gale may be daily expected, and I hope before y's is safe arriv'd. We have been harrass'd by fly'g Parties of the Enemy robb'g and murder'g the poor front'r Settlers. I have many Parties on the Frontier to repell y'r Incursions, but they are so exten sive y't its impossible to def'd the whole tho' I have ordered Forts to be built along our Front's y't I fear these Banditti wih continue y'r depredat's 'till an Expedit'n is found to attack and drive ' em from the Ohio, w' ch I have fully represented to L'd Loudon. How much are these Colonies oblig'd to Y'r L'd' p's patronage and assiduous Endeavours in support'g the Schemes so wisely calculated and enforc'd by you. May You live to see 'em brought to a final and agreeable Conclus'n. I have the Hon'r to assure You- y't I remain with great Deference, Duty and Truth. R't Hon., Y'r L'p's most obliged ob'd't and faithful h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR DOBBS. August 7th, 1756. Sir: Yesterday, by Ex's from M'yl'd, I rec'd some Packets from Londo. and L'd Loudon, who arriv'd at N. York the 23rd Ult'o. I send y's Exp's with two Packets for You, two for Gov. Littleton, and one for Gov'r Reynolds, of Georgia. Those for Gov'rs Littleton and Reynolds, please forw'd to Cha's Town ^ Ex's, with a Packet from me to Gov. Littleton. In clos'd I send You Copy of a L'r to S'r W'm Johnson to Gen'l Abercrombie, and Extr't of another from y't Gent, to Peter Wraxall, sec'y for Ind'n Affairs, to w'ch please be referr'd. It's DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 471 absolutely necess'y at all Events and at any Charge to keep the So'ern Ind's in our Int't, for I fear the Fr. from Mississippi wih form some Designs ag'st the So'ern B. Colonies, and will do ah in y'r Power to withdraw the Ind's from us. I have wrote fully to G[overnor] Lyttieton on y's head, and I pray You to write him also y't he raay do all he can to secure the Creeks, Chicke saws, Cherokees and Catawbas, w'ch at y's Tirae is of great Consequence to H. M'y's Service. Before L'd Loudon arriv'd G'l Abercrombie was at Albany, where there are 7,000 Pro vincials and six Reg' m'ts of Regulars. The Provincials en treated G'l Abercrorabie to allow 'em to make the first Attack on C. Point. You know they have an enthusiastical Cast. The Gen'l, I think, very prudently indulg'd 'era in y'r Request, and I believe they began y'r March for C. Point the i8th Ult'o. Pray God grant 'era success. There were Reinforcements order'd to Oswego, and I believe Y'r Companies were of y't No. L'd Loudon made but a very short stay at N. Y., and went immediately to join the Array. By his L'd'p I rec'd Orders from the Sec' ry of State to declare war ag' st the Fr. , I imediately sent for the Council, and y's Day I declare it with proper Formalities, and I presurae You have the same Orders, w'ch engaged me to send Y'r Packets by Ex's, and I doubt not You will take the same Care in forward' g the Packets for the So' w'd. We are weekly alarm'd with parties of Fr. and In dians on our Front's comitt'g the most cruel Murders. Tho' we have 1,200 Men in pay, we can't come up with em to de stroy them, and I fear y's will always be the Case thi we drive the Fr. frora the Ohio, w' ch I have fully laid before L' d Loudon, but he will have work enough on his hands to the No'w'd y't no Expedit'n of y't sort can be undertaken tih next Spring. I expect him here in the Winter. Pray write me the News with You. Wishing you Health and Happiness, I rera'n, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR LITTLETON. Aug. 7th, 1756. Sir: I have the Hon'r of Y'r L'r of the 9th of June, w'ch came to my hand ab't 10 Days ago. I with great Pleasure embrace 472 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. y's Opp'ty to congratulate You on Y'r safe arrival to Y'r Gov't, sincerely wish'g You Health and a long continuance therein, not doubt'g but the People of Carolina whl justly estiraate y'r great Happiness in hav'g a Gent, of Y'r Abilities and good Character to preside o'er 'era, and I hope they will do all in Their Power to make Y'r Gov't happy and easy to You, w'ch I most heartily wish. Inclos'd I send You Copy, of a L'r wrote by S'r Wm. Johnson to Gen'l Abercrorabie, and Extract from another wrote by y't Gent, to Peter Wraxal, Esq'r, Sec'ry for Ind'n Aff's, by w'ch You will please to observe the Engagem'ts he has enter'd into the Six Nations of Ind's, and the Determinat'n of those People in regard to the Shawnesse and Delawar Tribes of Ind's, who have grievously oppress'd these So'ern Colonies by frequent Invasions and cruel Murders of our poor frontier Inhabitants. It will be of the most essent' 1 Service to H. M'y's Aff's to se cure the So'ern Ind's to our Int't. Some time ago I sent two of the Council to the Catawbas and Cherokees to make a Treaty with these two Nat's, a printed Copy thereof I enclose to Y'r Ex'y, and sorae time ago, at Y'r request, I sent 60 Men, most of 'em Artificers, under the Cora'd of one Maj'r Lew-is, to assist in buhd'g them a F't. Hear'g that Mr. Glen, Y'r Predecessor, was gone with a No. of Men to assist in construct'g y't F't, am hopeful these Considerat' s will secure 'em to our Int't; but some time after these People march'd from y's I was disagreeably inf'd y't they were ready to join the Fr. and take up the Hatchet ag'st us. On y's Informat'n I immediately sent a Special Mes senger, to put 'em in reraerabrance of y'r Treaty whh us, and our sincere Intent's sacredly to keep it, and our readiness in comply' g with y'r Request in reg'd to the F't. It is absolutely necessary at all Events and at any Charge to keep 'em, the Chickesaws and Creeks, in our Int't, for I greatly fear the Fr. from Mississippi whl endeav'r to poison the Minds of the So'ern Ind's and invade our So'ern Colonies, but no doubt You will be properly inform'd of y'r Motions frora the Mississippi. Yesterday the Packet y't goes by y's Ex's came to my Hands, w'ch I forw'd to Gov. Dobbs to be sent to You. L'd Loudoun arr'd at N. Y. the 23d Ult'o. The Forces under the Com'd of Gen'l Abercrombie march'd before -L'd L'n arr'd to besiege C. Point. There were y'n at Albany 7,000 Provincials and six Regim'ts of Regul's. The Provincials desir'd to make the first Attack. They are an enthusiastical set of People, and I hear DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 473 G'l Abercrorabie granted y'r request. Pray, God grant 'em success. L'd L'n made but a very short stay at N. Y. , but went imed't'ly to the Army. This Day I declare War ag'st the Fr. by Orders frora Home, and I believe You have the like Orders from Mr. Fox in his L'r now sent You. We have been sadly harrass'd with sraall Parties of Fr. and Ind's on our Front's, murder'g our poor Inhab'ts, w'ch obhg'd me to build a string of Forts along our Front's to protect 'em, but they are so exten sive, I fear the Enemy will continue y'r depredat's till we drive the Fr. frora the Ohio, w'ch I have strongly recomended to L'd L'n, but they will be so much engag'd to the No'w'd y's Sum'r y't an Expedit'n to the Ohio cann't be undertaken thi next Spring, so y't the Forces ot y's Dom'n am't'g to 1,200, must rem'n on the defensive and we have very little or no Assist'ce from the Propriety Gov'ts of M'yl'd and Pensylva'a, but I am in hopes his L'd'p will be able to bring 'em into a better way of Think'g. It whl give me pleasure to keep up a close Corres pondence with You, and if I can be of any Service to You here, freely com'd me. Excuse the length of y's L'r and be ass'd I rem'n, with Sincere Wishes for Y'r Health and happy Gov't, I am, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO LORD LOUDON. Aug. 9th, 1756. R't Hon.: I had the Hon'r of receiv'g Y'rs of the 23rd Ult'o w'ch gave me the agreeable News of Y'r safe arrival at N. York and I hope y's wih meet You in good Health and perfectly re cov' d from the Fatigues of a long Passage frora B — t'n. And I hope Y'r L'd'p found the Array in good Spirits and No's sufficient for the Attack of C. Point. The reduct'n thereof will give great Spirits to all the Colonies, and I pray God protect You and grant Success to our Arras. I had Orders from the R't Hon., H. Fox, Esq'r, to declare War ag'st the Fr. I imed't'ly sent for the Council, and Saturday, the 7th, declar'd War accordingly, with the usual Forraalities and I have sent 474 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. Copies to the Lieut's of each Co'ty to draw out their Mihtia and to declare War at the head of each Regim't. I shall now give Y'r Ex'cy an Acc't of the pres't State of Y's Dom'n. The No. of our People, Whites and Blacks, are as fohows : White Men, Women and Children, are 173,316. The white Tithables, w' ch are Males from 1 8 Years and upw' ds, are 43,329, from w'ch our Militia is to be comput'd. The Laws of y's Co'try exera't all Councillors, Justices ofthe Peace, People above the age of 60, Overseers of Plantat's, Coroners and Millers, from y'r appear' ce in the Mhitia, w'ch are comput'd to be upw'ds of 8,000, so y't the Mhitia may be reckon'd at 35,000 Men fit to bear Arms, but the greatest Part of 'era are Free hold's, hav'g votes at Elect's for Assera'y Men, they plead their Privilege not to be forc'd to serve but on Invas's and Alarms, and by an Act of Assem'y y't has H. M'y's Sanction, I can't raarch the Militia out of the pres't Confines of the Gov't, and it raay be further added y't from the gen'l Avers'n they have to military Operat's it's very difficult to infuse a proper Spirit of Courage and Resolut'n in 'em, and, in course, very backward in y'r expected ser's, but it raay be expected y't Y'r L'd'p's Presence raay raise 'era frora y'r lethargic Supineness. The No. of our Negroes are 120,156. From y't No. the Titha bles frora 16 and upw'ds, Male and Feraale, 60,078. Y's No. of Negroes alarms our People much and are aff'd of bad Conse quences if the Militia are order'd to any great Distance from the pres't Settlem'ts. The Regim't in the Pay of y's Co'try, under the Com'd of Co. Geo. Washington, consists of near 600 Men now at F't CumbTd and sorae other Stockade Forts on our Western Front's, which, with 700 of the Mihtia app't'd to several other small Forts on our Front's, with three Compa's of Rangers to scour the Woods to prev't the Insults of our Enemies, all upon the Defensive; but our Frontiers are so very extensive y't we are not able to prevent the Enem's Invas's and cruel Murders, and I fear they will continue in y'r vhanous Practices till an Ex ped't'n is form'd to take the Fr. F't upon the Ohio and drive 'em from y't River. At pres't there is reason to fear they wih reinforce y't F't with numb's from Mississippi and Invade these So'ern Colonies with all the Forces they can cohect. The For tificat's in y's Dom'n are in a very ruinous and despicable Con- DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 475 dit'n. At the entrance into Ja's river, w'ch is the first Riv. after enter' g the Capes, there was a F't built cah'd F't Geo., buht on a sandy Foundat'n. The Winds and Sea beat ag'st it, under min'd the Buhd'g, dismantled the Guns and cover'd 'em in the Sand. I have lately dug up 8 of 'em and raounted 'em on Logs to give Alarm in Case any Enemy sh'd appear; but raost of the Guns were sent in here in Q. Ehza. and K. Ja's time, most of 'em quite honey Comb arid fit for no Service. There are two Bat's on York Riv., the second after enter' g the Capes, of no Use but for Salutes or to protect the Shipp'g from small Privat's. I think two 20-Gun Ships w'd destroy both of 'em. There were formerly a few Bat's up Ja's Riv. and Rappahannock, but now destroyed and not of any Service whatever, and y's is a just and true Represent' n of our melancholy Situat'n tow'ds the Sea. Two Privateers may corae into the Capes, destroy and take our Merch' t Ships and plunder the Plant's. Our Stat'n Ship being gone to N. Scotia, we have Noth'g to protect our Trade but a Dependence on Providence. By H. M'y's Orders I constructed F't CumbTd as a Barrier to our Front's to the Westw'd. It is built on the M'yl'd line, but as y't spot was tho't the raost proper, we have our Regra't quarter' d there and in the Co'try contiguous to it, and maintain'd and p'd by y's Colony. There are 10 Carriage Guns of the 4-P'd'rs mount' d there, 10 more ly'g at a Place call'd Rock Creek, w'ch I sent by Gen'l Brad dock's Order, propos'd to be mount' d on F't Du Quesne, if he had the good fortune to have taken it, and 10 more of those Guns at Hampton, ready w'n wanted. These 30 four- P'rs were sent from the Ord'n'ce on my Apphcat'n in the Year 1754. Tho' I have several Corapa' s of Rangers on our Front's, yet the En'y find means to harrass us with fly'g Parties of Fr. and Indians to robb and murder our unwary People. I have now order'd a good F't to be built at Winches ter, upon our Front's, and a Magazine to be buht for Araunit'n and Provis's, w'ch I think may be a great Sav'g to the Co'try, as Waggons and Horses may be a monstrious Charge in bring ing Provisions, &c. Inclos'd I send Y'r L'd'p the Store Keep er's Acc't of what now remains in our Magazine in y's City. The Regim't has the 1,000 Stand of Arms, Bayonets and Car touche Boxes, 40 lbs. Powder, and 6 Tons Lead, and to the Militia at sundry times 300 small Arms, 100 Bbls. Powder and 4 476 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. Tons of Lead. Our Militia are not yi of 'era provided with Arras, and those of different Bores. I have repeatedly applied to the Assem'y to vote Mo. for a gen'l supply to each Co'ty, and all to be of one Bore, but as y't I have not been able to succeed. They complain of Poverty. By close Applicat'n and Argum'ts I have prevah'd on 'em to vote at sundry times _;^i5o,ooo for H. M'y's Sen, w'ch I think is more y'n any one Colony has done, and yet very short of w't is absolutely necess'y for conduct'g the Ser. with Spirit, but as I hope for the Hon'r of Y'r Corapany y's Winter, I flatter myself from Y'r Orders and Direct' ns they may be prevah'd on to grant a further Sup ply. The above is as exact an Ace' t of our People, the Disposi tion of those in our Pay, and at pres't the Stores in y's Co'try, w'ch I sh'd have furnish'd Y'r L'd'p with before y's but waited for some returns from the diff't Co't's to make it as correct as possible. I shall at all times be proud of Y' r Orders and Com' ds, w'ch shah be duly put in execut'n to the utraost of my Power. I read the Paragraph of Y'r L'r to the Council, where You are pleas'd to assure the People here of Y'r protect'n and care of every Individual, w'ch was rec'd with great Applause, And You may be assur'd y't I shall chearfully comunicate to Y'r Lordship any Th'g y't may occur for Y'r Informat'n or H. M'y's Service. The Bearer, Mr. Nelson, comes Ex's with y's; I hope You will please to dispatch him, and I hope he will bring agree able News in regard to all Y'r Operat's. As there are some Aff's to be settled and adjusted between Y'r Ex'y and myself, be assur'd, w'n I have the Hon'r of see'g You here, it shall be accomodated with great Justice, and I doubt not to Y'r Appro bat'n. In the mean time with great Deference and due respect give me Leave to declare to You y't I ara, in Truth, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't and faithful h'ble serv't P. S. — The Qu'ty of Powder, Lead, &c., left by the Regulars at F't CumbTd, I know not, but the Comiss' y of Stores wih give Y'r L'd'p an Acc't. thereof Acc't of Stores in Magazine sent to L'd Loudoun, viz't: 564 lbs. Powder, 11,850 lbs. Ball, 1,119 Muskets, &c , 486 Swords, n Cags of Fhnts, 28 Halberts and 10 Drums. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 477 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GENERAL ABERCROMBIE. Aug. I2th, 1756. Sir: I have the Hon. of Y'r L'r from Albany the 13th of July, with copy of Sir Wm. Johnson's L'r to You, w'ch gave rae much Pleasure to observe he had concluded his Transact' s with the different Tribes of Ind's in so beneficial a manner for the Gen'l Service, but I am surpriz'd the King of the Shawness sh'd say his People were not concern'd in the Hostilities com't'd ag'st the So'ern Provinces. They were the most active in Rob beries and Murders, and those of his Tribes settled on the Ohio continue y'r Depredat's. Ab't a mo. ago 100 of 'em with some Fr. came into the Co'ty of Augusta, in y's Dora, kih'd and car ried away Prisoners twenty-four of our People. We kih'd 16 of 'era. I wish y'r King w'd send for 'era on the Ohio to re strain y'r Fury and reclaim 'em to y'r F'd' ship to the Eng. I am glad the Delewar King has order'd his People on confess'g y'r Errors to return to our Fr'ship and take up the Hatchet ag'st the Fr. and deliver up the Prisoners they had taken. Y's is of essential good Service if they continue sincere in y'r professions of F'dship and recall those y't have joined the Fr. on the Ohio. I think Pennsylva' a and the Jerseys were too premature in declar' g War ag'st the Tribes of Ind's. Nothing of y't sort was done here. I im'd't'ly sent Copy of Sir W'm Johnson's L'r to the two Carohna Gov'ts with my Opin'n to live in great F'dship and endeavor at all Events and at any Charge to secure the So'ern Ind's to our Int't, as we are very apprehensive the Fr. frora Mississippi will reinforce their Fort on the Ohio and probably forra an Expedit'n ag'st the So'ern British Colonies, w'ch are at y's time very weak and much divided among themselves, particularly the Proprietary Gov'ts of M'yl'd and Pensylva'a do not act with proper Spirit in these dangerous Times. It gives me great Satisfaction y't S'r W'm Johnson has engag'd a considerable Body of Ind's to to act offensively ag'st the Enemy, w'ch with the Regul's and Provincials, I hope whl be sufficient to reduce C. Point and make his L'd'p able to execute any other Operat's ag'st the Enemy. I shall be uneasy tih I hear the Event (and I hope 478 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. Success) of the Siege of C. Point, the tak'g of y't may proba bly strike a Panick in the Enemy y't y'r further Proceed' gs may be more easy and successful. If You can spare a little time, a Letter by Y'r Ex'y will be very obliging. My sincere Wishes for Y'r Health and Success shall always attend You, and beheve rae to be in Truth, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO ARCHIBALD KENNEDY. Aug. 1 2th, 1756. Sir: Y'r favo. of 22nd July, I rec'd last Night with Y'r Act of Ass'y for apprehend' g and secur'g deserters from H. M'y's Forces. We have an Act of Ass'y pretty similar to y't, tho' not quite so strong and w'n our next Ass'y meets I shall en deavor to have one proper, as I think it should be gen'l in ah the Colonies. As S'r Cha's Hardy is at Albany I do not now write him as I have nothing essential to write. The Messenger I sent to the Cherokees is not y't ret'd. I am with great Respect, S'r, Y'r most ob'd't h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR LAWRENCE. August 17th, 1756. Sir: Y'r L'r of the ist July I rec'd last Night W't You are inf'd in reg'd to the Fr. Neutrals dispers'd am'g the So'ern Col onies is too true. Those sent to So. Carohna and Georgia were left to 'emselves — nay, it's said those Colonies supplied 'em with Vessells and Provis's and they coasted along the Cont't for the No'w'd, some of 'em touching on the Sea Coast of y's Dom'n, but made no stay, only took in Water and proceeded to the DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 479 No'w'd. The i,ioo and odd sent to y's Dom'n were very dis agreeable to our People, as they were bigotted Rom'n Catholics. We have very few of y't Profess' n here. Our Legislature were at first for giv'g 'era Liberty to go where they pleas'd. I con sidered if y' t was granted, and if they ret' d to N. Scotia, it w' d defeat the design of dispers' g 'em am'g the Colonies, and on y'r ret'n to You w'd prove more inveterate Enemies y'n before, and I c'd not prevail to give 'em some L[an]d and support 'em till they were in a Capacity to maintain 'emselves. I therefore agreed to transp't 'em, at the Charge ofthe Co'try, for Br' t'n, w'ch was done, and they were all transport'd accordingly, and I wrote to the Sec'ry of State the Necessity I was under to do this, and I think it much more eligible y'n allow'g 'em to ret'n to Y'r Gov't. There are none gone Coast-ways from y's. Ab't two mo's ago many small Vessells touch'd at some places on the Sea Coast, where they c' d not be broken up. I gave Orders to the Off's if they came within y'r district to secure 'era and write me, but none came within the Capes but four small Ves sehs. They coasted and went off im'd't'ly for the No'w'd. I was very sensible of the Prejudice it w'd be to H. M'y's Ser. to permit 'era to ret'n, and I ara sorry the Gov'ts to the So'w'd did not consider the affair more properly. I sh'd be glad to hear the Success of H. M'y's Ships with You. I hope they will be able to prevent the Supplies being carried to Lewisburg or Quebec from France. I wish 'em Success. With great Respect, I am, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COL. GEORGE WASHINGTON. Aug'st 19th, 1756. Sir: Your L're of the 4th I rec'd and note its Contents. I ob serve you have been much engag' d in setling the proper Places for the Chain of Forts propos' d to be built, and I doubt not the Places you have pitched upon are the most proper, as you know the Situation of the Country, you are the best Judge thereof. 480 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. With Concern I see the Rolls of Y'r Corapanies, and I ara sorry they are so diffident in No.'s; the Officers by no Means com plied with their Promisses and Efigagem'ts when they rec'd their Comissions, and the Draught from the Militia [is] much short of my Expectation; and indeed the laying ofthe fine often Pounds on those that w' d not march out entirely defeated the Law, and was much against my Opinion, but I was glad of any law that had a prospect of augmenting the Forces, but even w'th that Inconvenience the Affairs has been poorly conducted in the dif ferent Counties. The dastardly Spirits of our lower People and the want of proper Rule in the Officers of the different Counties has been of very bad Consequence to our Affairs. I approve of Y'r Disposal ofthe two vacant Companies to Y'r Self and Colo. Stephens. I shall be glad [if] the Draughts raade after the re turn ofthe Militia be as you desire; those from Prince William, Fairfax and Culpeper to march directly to Winchester, and please write to the Comraand' g Officer accordingly, as I ara so much hurried that I have not time; you may write in my Name. I ara sorry for the Behaviour of the Mhitia that were Av'th Lieut. Rutherford; the Officers are diffident in keeping them under strict Comraand. Thi our Expedition is concerted to the Ohio Capt. Stewart's Troop must do Duty on foot, and there Pay must be reduced during that Tirae, and You may assure them as soon as the Troop is again form' d their Pay will be accord ingly augmented as at first. The building of Forts is a neces sary work, but the protecting the frontiers is more essential, therefore I w'd recommend as much as you possibly can to have Y'r Men at Call on any approaching Danger, tho' I fear it wih be impracticable when divided at such a Distance, unless you appoint a proper Place for a general Rendeswouse on proper Alarras given, w'ch you are the only Judge of frora y'r Knowl edge of the Country. If you can enlist Servants agreeable to the Act of Parliaraent, the Mast'r of such Sir\ants shah be paid for the time they have to serve in proportion to the first Pur chase, but I think you sh'd be carefull not to enlist any Con victs, who, probably, may be fractious and bad Examples to the others, and I wish they may have the desired Effect, for I can not think of any method to raise men till the Assembly meets, and that at present is ^'ery uncertain. I am glad you have thought of Lieut. McNeel, who, I believe, is a very deserv- DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 481 ing Man. As to Fort CumbTd, it's a King's Fort and a Magazine for Stores, it's not in my Power to order it be deserted, and if we did, it w'd encourage the Eneray to be more audacious when L'd Loudon comes here, w'ch, I expect, wih be about the 20th of Nov'r; he has full Power to do what he thinks proper, and a Representation to him will be regular. At present it must be properly supported w'th Men, and I think from the Plan of Y'r Forts one of them is not above Miles distant from Fort Curaberlaud. I observe you mention Y'r Men want many Necessaries. I don't touch the publick Money. I shewed Y'r L're to the Speaker, and I suppose he will answer it. I told him that I think the Men sh'd be paid the full 8d. f. Day with't any Deduction, w'ch is agreed to, and that the new Cloathing on Arrival be given them by way of Encourageraent, and I hope this Stepp will raise their Spirits and engage them to the Discharge of their Dutys w'th Alacrity. If you had sent word w't they mostly wanted they might be purchas'd here. I suppose the Cloathing will be here before Christmas. If I hear of any Opp'ty I shall send you 2 Drums, but I suppose you may have the old ones raended, and the Associators had 2, w'ch were left at Winchester or Fredericksburg, w'ch you sh'd call for. I now write to Colo. Fairfax to pay you the Bala, in his H' ds of ;^6oo. he had of me. I know nothing of Capt. Gist's Acco'ts; probably they may be w'th the Comittee. I shall be glad to do him any good Offices in my Power. The Acco't Capt. McNeel writes you about the rangers in Augusta I believe is truth, and shall take Care when they corae to be paid, having several Informations to the same Purpose. I believe you will not be Summoned on Napp's Affair if Witnesses sufficient with't you can be procur'd, as I shall be glad you were here about the 20th Nov'r, when I expect the Earl of Loudon. I desire you will order Lieut Hall down here till the 14th of Octo'r, to be evidence ag'st Mr. Hedgeman, who has treated my Character in a Villainous Manner and w'th great Injustice, and I am deterrain'd to make an Example of hira. A great Body of Quakers waited on me in regard to their Friends w'th you, pray'g they may not be whiped; use them w'th Lenity, but as they are at their own Expence, I w'd have them remain as long as the other Draughts. I have had no proper Application in regard to the Militia that have enlisted, and if they do, I shall 31 482 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. give little Attention to it, as from what you raention, they en listed without any Compuhsion, and took the Money with't objections or offering to return the same in 24 Hours. The Incorporating the Rangers in the Regiraent wih be very agree able, if done w'th their Consent, and hope by Arguraents you may prevail on them, for the Fund apropriated for paying them as rangers is exhausted; they will now receive 8d. '^ Day and a Suit of Cloaths, as soon as they arrive, with't paying for them. The Nottoway Indians are not return'd. I think they sh'd be p'd, to encourage the Tuscaroras to our Assistance. Mr. Timberlake, if he inclines to serve as a Volunteer, must wait the Course of Preferment with the other young Gent'n. I wrote fully to L'd Loudon about an Expedition to the Ohio, but his Attention to the Affairs in the No'ward is so great that I cannot expect any thing of that kind to be done this Year, but when he coraes here I shall have the Opp'ty of speaking fully on that and several other Matters. I cannot tell how to pre\'ent the Penn sylvania butchers' driving off our Cattle, unless you threaten them in a Military Manner. It's a Grievance that sh'd be amended, and therefore what present Stepps you take in pre venting it I will Support you therein, and no doubt Provisions must be purchased for the Regim't and the Forts. I shall speak to the Treasurer on that Subject, and a Commissary must be appointed. I shah, therefore, press the giving of Money to purchase Provisions of all kinds. I did hear of one Cheroke that was with the other Indians that took Vass's fort, and I understand there are Numbers of each different Tribe, and they assume the narae of Allegany Indians. I have not heard from Maj'r Lewis since he left this [place]. I sent a Messenger to the Cherokees about 5 Weeks ago, and I expect his return very soon, and I hope he wih bring Nothing but what may be a agreable. Pray cannot You procure a trusty Indian or two to the Twightees to endeavour to keep them in our Interest and to let them know the No. of War'rs the great King the other side of the Water has sent for our mutual Protect'n ? Such a Mes sage I conceive will be of great Service. I have order'd three forts in Hallifax and one in Bedford to be built by the Militia and Garrison'd by them some time. Colo. Stewart, of Augusta, propos'd and sent the Sketch for 14 Forts, to be Garrison'd by 700 Men, but I took no Notice of it, waiting for Capt. Hogg's DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 483 Report of what he thinks may be necessary, and to be managed with Frugality, for the People in Augusta appear to me so selfish that private Views and Interest prevails with thera with't due consid't'n of the publick Ser'ce w'ch makes me much on my Guard with them. I have sent up a new Coraission of the Peace for Frederick County and have wrote Lord Fairfax to aply to the Court for curtailing the No. of Tipling Houses, w'ch are of great Prejudice to our Men, and I hope this will have the desir'd Effect. I doubt not You sent the Drum about the Town forbiding them to trust Y'r Men or entertaining 'era in iraproper Hours ; if guilty that you will take thera on the Guard — this raay proba bly terrify thera. I doubt not you are strongly solicited for Men; on every Alarm y'r own Prudence raust direct you in sending Parties out. I ara weekly solicited frora Augusta and the other frontier Counties to the So' ward, and I ara obliged to write raany L'res to the Coraand' g Officers to assist the poor frontier Settlem'ts. I ara convinc'd frora the few of Men you have that it's difficult to give Attention to all Coraplaints and Sohcitations. The Mhitia that Lord Fairfax has order'd to range about Conegochege may be continued as long as you may think they are absolutely necessary. I think I have fully an swer'd Y'l L're, and in what I may be diffident Y'r own Pru dence must supply. Warr against France was proclaim' d here the 7th, and I order'd Mr. Walthoe to enclose you a Copy to be proclaim' d at the head of Y'r Corapanys, and be sent to fort Cumberland; in Case of Miscarriages I send you inclos'd a printed Copy. Pray God it may attended w'th Success in all our Operations at home and abroad. Have you order'd the Gunns at Rock Creeke to be brought to Winchester? Your Acc'ts, I think, are passed the Comittee, and I have given my Warrant for ^5,000, I wish you health and Success in all Y'r Opperations, and I remain, S'r, y'r mo. h'ble Serv't. P. S. — Wheri the Draughts are discharged in Dec'r y'r Num ber of private Men will be very few. In Course there must be a reduction of Officers, as each Company sh'd not be less than 50, but I shah speak to you on this Head when you come here. 484 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL WASHINGTON. Aug'st 20th, 1756. Sir: Since writing you Yesterday, the Express I sent to the Cherokees arriv'd, and they have engaged to send us 150 War riors, w'ch I expect w'th Maj'r Lewis in about a Fortnight. I shall order the Major to March thera to Winchester to be under Y'r Direction. The Cherokees and Catawbas are at present thoroughly attached to our Interest. The Catawba King is gone to Charles Town, So. Carolina, and on his return he prom isses to send 50 of his Warriors. I am greatly hurried and have only Tirae to write the above, and I remain. Sir, Y'r mo. h'ble Serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL WASHINGTON. Aug'st 2ist, 1756. Sir: Y'rs of the 14th I just now rec'd. Laforce was taken two days after he made his Escape, and is properly secur'd. No doubt Y'r Men will be fully employ'd in Garrisons, &c. I have in my former [letter] given you my Opinion in regard to fort Cumberland, and now I am of Opin'n that You sh'd send for some of the Stores from thence to Winchester, for fear of Acci dents, or any Attack ofthe Enemy ag'st that Place; and I agree with you that it is absolutely necessary, as much as w-ith Pru dence you can, to protect the Inhabitants, and I approve of the Disposition of Y'r forces, and doubt not Capt Hogg wih take proper Measures in building Forts for the Security ofthe frontiers of Augusta. You may be assur'd the Enemy will endeavour to make Incursions and destroy our People where they know we are weakest, or least provided to resist them. I hope the new Estab lishment of the Pay of Y'r Men wih give them Spirits and en gage them to do their Duty, they are now on better terms than the Regulars and [I] hope for the future you will not have many Deserters; those frora Capt. Stewart wih be publish'd in our DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 485 Gazette, but I fear to no purpose. I doubt not but the Enemy wih Endeavour to attack fort Cumberland, but if properly in form'd, with't Cannon they raay be repeh'd, but I have no Acc'ts from Gov'r Morris about it and therefore hope it's only a Sur mise and false Alarm, however the removing some of the Stores to Winchester, I think will be proper. The two Deserters to fort Du Quesne gives me much Concern and from thence I think is the greatest Danger, but I am told most of their People have gone to the Northw'd to assist in the Defence of Niagara and Crown Point to keep proper Look outs that Way is absolutely necessary. I hope the Militia return'd to their Counties will be Draughted and sent to You, as y'r private aff's require y'r At tendance at Alexandria the Middle of next Mo. I can't refuse You Liberty of Absence, leaving proper Orders w'th the Com'd'g Officer, and mak'g y'r Stay there as short as possible. The Method that Yo. are to declare War is at the h'd of Y'r Comp's with three Vollies of Sraall Arms for his Maj 'ty's Health and a successful Warr, I pray God protect You and Y'r Men from all assaults of the Enemy, and I am sincerely, S'r, Y'r most h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL CLEMENT READ. Aug'st 23rd, 1756. Sir; I wrote you the [13th Aug'st, 1755,?] to w'ch please be re fer'd. Upon y'r recommendation I agreed to the building a Magazine for Provisions and Amunition in a proper Place con venient for supplying the Forces and Forts on the frontiers of Augusta. This now is to advise you that I have a Letter from Major Lewis, from the Cherokee Nation of Indians, acquainting me that soon the date of his Letter 150 Warriors bf that Nation wih come in to our Assist'ce for the Protection of our frontiers from the Invasions ouir Brutal Enemys, and I have reason also to expect fifty of the Catawba Indians. I am not acquainted with any Person in Augusta that I can confide in to provide Provisions for these People; I, therefore, have thought proper 486 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. to send you [^]500, w'ch is here enclos'd, to provide Provisions by the time they arrive at Roan Oak. I know you are at a great distance from that Place, but you probably are acquainted with some proper Person there to make the Purchase and to do Justice to the Country. The Bearer, Colo. Buckanan, says he can purchase Wheat there for 2s. 6d. , or under, for ready Money. If you've an Opinion of this Gentle' n you may Advance him some Money for that Purpose; he to be accountable to you, and you to the Country, and as I have ordered the Indians to march directly for Colo. Washington, at Winchester, it will be proper to lay in some Provisions for them at Augusta Court House, in their Way to Winchester. You must, therefore. Appoint some proper Person there to make Provision sufficient to serve them from thence to Winchester. The Cherokee Indians have de sired some Men to protect the Fort buht by Major Lewis in their Country. I have ordered the Major to provide an Officer and twenty or 25 Men, to raarch out to that fort to remain a few Mo's, w'ch, ifhe puts in Execution, I have order'd him to aply to you for provis' ns, c&c, to carry with them, w'ch, on his L're, you will give directions accordingly. This Journey will be attended w'th Trouble to you, for w'ch the Country will pay you. It will be necessary that Provisions be imraediately laid in, as I have reason to expect thera at Roanoke in 14 Days. Your Care in this Affair will oblige. Sir, Y'r most h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO MAJOR LEWIS. 23rd Aug'st, 1756. Sir: Y'r L're of 23d of July from Chotie, I rec'd a few Days since, and I am well pleas'd at your kind reception from the Cherokees; and it was kind of Otasatee to pave the Way for your Introduction to these People in so handsome a Manner, w'ch you sh'd particularly acknowledge to him, w'ch I shall w'n I see him. I am very glad the fort was so forward w'n you wrote me, and that it was so agreeable to the Cherokees, w'ch DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 487. they write is entirely to their Satisfaction. I am surpris'd the Carolinians were so backw'd in coraing, agreeable to their Promis to the Comiss' rs w'n at Cha's Town. I observe the Cherokees intend loo Men or more to our Assistance. I have now given Orders to provide Provisions for them at Roanoke and at Augusta Court House on their March to Winchester, where I desire you to attend them. The Ships frora England have been very backw'd in Arriving. In course the Gunns for the Indians are not come in, but I hope they will soon, when I shall send them to Winchester. The same reason subsists in regard to the Presents, w'ch are not [to] be purchas'd here,- but I ara sending all over the Country to purchase Blankets, Leggings and other Necessaries, and all that I can procure shall be iraediately sent to Roanoke. If disappointed in the Purchase soon, they shall be sent to Winchester. I have wrote to Colo. Washington to endeavour to purchase Guns for them from Colo. Mason, or any other Person. If not to be had, you must desire their Patience till those I have sent for arrives, w'ch I hope will be very soon, and I am glad your going to the Nation was a g't means of fixing 'em to our Int't. A Peace is conclud'd at Onondago w'th the Shawness and Delawares. The Six Nations engag' d to send runners to them to lay down the Hatchet against the English and take it up against the french. I wish they may succeed. I am glad the Cherokees apears so well fix'd to our Int'st, and we must endeavour to keep 'em in good humour; as for a Trade with Virg'a, I shall be ready to encourage it The send'g a Company to Garrison the Fort will be attended with monstrous Expence; however, if Capt. Pearis, or any other you can con fide in, wih go out to reraain some months at the fort, they shall be duely p'd. In that Case Pearis goes, he may leave his Acco'ts w'th Yo., or any other Person, for payment ofhis Com pany, and Provisions must be purchas'd to be carried w'th thera, for w'ch please write to Colo. Clem't Read. I approve Y'r en gaging two Interpreters, if to [be] got w'th tolerable Honesty and Capacity. Smith being dead, I suppose the Indians will come to some Place on Roanoke, where Provisions will be ready for 'em. I am glad they want to see Colo. Washington, I there fore expect you'l conduct 'em to him and our forces at Win chester. I shah send what can be purchas' d for Roanoke with ah Expedition; neither lite Guns or Cutiasses can be ,purchas'd DINWIDDIE PAPERS. here, as to Virmilhon, I shall send 'era 20 lb. or raore, and I shall endeavour to send some Presents to their Chiefs, but all Sorts of Goods are very scarce at present, and my Inchnation is to shew them all possible Civility. TurnbuU was to supply you w'th Bacon and two Casks of Lead. I ara sorry you was dis appointed. After yo. have conducted thera to Winchester, I think it will be necessary for you to come here to settle Y' r Acc'ts and Charges. The arrival ofthe new Gov'r of So. Coro- lina, I presurae, hindered their Coming, but I am perswaded Mr. Littleton will, very soon, send a Number of people to the Cherokees, and I shall be glad they were to garrison the fort, as they are much nigher to them than we are; however, to shew our regard, I desire you to send 20 or 25 Men to them under a proper Officer, and if you do, send a Speech to Old Hop, &c., in my Name, and in that Case you'l want some of the Horses yo. brought back to carry Provisions, &c. , and you raust furnish thera w'th Arras, Powder and Lead, in Case of Want; I shall send sorae of each to Roanoke. If any thing in particular is want'g on y'r Arrival, send an Express, and I will endeavour to supply you. Give my Service to the Chief Warriors of the Cherokees and assure 'era I have a great Esteem and regard for thera and their Nation. I reraain, w'th respect, S'r, Y'r most h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO CAPTAIN HOGG. Aug'st 23rd, 1756. Sir: I rec'd Y'r L're ofthe 6th. I rec'd it from Colo. Buchanan. I observe my L're to you was opened, it was sent to the Care of Colo. Read to be forward' d. I am ill-used by the People of Augusta, who's Curiosity I suppose open'd your L're but it will be impossible to find it out. You acted properly in not ¦ march'g Y'r Men as Y'r L're came too late, and I hope we shah have no Invasion from the Shawness or Delawares, as Peace is concluded with these Tribes at Onondago, and the six Nations DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 489 were to send them Orders to lay down the Hatchet against the English and take it up ag' st the French, but they are so per fidious a Set of People, that I think it necessary to build the Forts proposed and to be on our guard ag'st the worst that may happen. The Mhitia of Halhfax and Bedford engaged to buhd the forts in their Countys; You are, therefore, to give Y'r Ap probation of the proper Places to build them, and Y'r Proposal of buhd'g 3 Forts on Roanoke and the Catawba Rivers is right, and You must by Arguments and fair Means prevail w'th the Officers of the Militia to give You ah possible Assistance as it is for their own Preservation, and I spoke to Colo. Buckannan to send as many Carpenters, &c., in his Company as he co'd procure, and the same Method will be used' from the other Counties on Y'r L're to 'em on that h'd, and You may use my Name in that desire. I know not the Method they took in im pressing Cattle, &c. ; as to Provision it wih be pretty much left to the Direction of Colo. Read, and I have recomended Colo. Buckanan to hira for Augusta Co'ty. I have a bad Opinion of Colo. Stewart's Conduct and before he receives any Money, I shall make a strict Scrutiny into his Demands, and think it must go through Buckhannan's hands. I think Scaly is not fit to command, from what You say, therefore, Colo. Buckannan must supercede his Coraission, and Stewart's reason for continuing him is a selfish View and an Aparent Imposition on the pubhck, but all his Treachery appears to me rauch of the sarae Nature, and I shall Order no Money till the transactions are minutely examined. These People enlisting Men without Comissions, sh'd be discouraged and suppress' d. Langdale had loo^ to pay the Rangers under Capt. Smith before the Expedition ag'st the Shawness, as the only surviving Officer, but I refus'd him a Comission, as I did not think him equal to it. Hamsley's Coraission, if he has one from a Militia Colonel, can only operate in that County, but I know nothing of it. I shall be glad to have ill the Information Yo. can give relating to Augusta, who I think have acted shamefully on this Occasion. Major Lewis had ;^70o from me to purchase Provision, horses, &c., what Demands may be ag'st him must lye dormant till his Arrival, w'ch wih be in less than one Mo., with a No. of Cherokees, for their reception I have now given Orders, and as for what is left to Y'r Management I entirely leave it to Y'r Prudence. 490 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE TREASURER OF THE COLONY. Aug'st 23rd, 1756. Sir: Inclos'd you have my Warrant for ^500 to Colo. Clem't Read, for Provisions for the Cherokee Indians expected to our Assistance. My L're to him, I enclose You open for Y'r perusal, and that Yo. may enclose the Money in it and deliver to the Bearer, Colo. Buchannan. I wish You w'd write to Colo. Read, and if I have omitted anything essential, that Yo. may supply that Difficiency. Some Blankets and Cloathing will be necessary to send them, I shall give directions about it and the Payment may be at the Court. I hope You have miss'd the Fever and Ague, and [are] in good Health. I ara. Sir, Y'r most h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR DOBBS. Aug. 26th, 1756. Sir: Enclos'd I send You a L're from London w'ch came under my Cover. I have a L're from Major Lewis, among the Chero kees. He has finish'd the fort I sent him to build for them, and that much to their Satisfaction, and with't the least Assistance from So. Carolina. I daily expect 150 Cherokees to our Assist ance, and I am preparing Necessaries for them. No news from No'w'd. I hope our Forces will have Success ag'st Crown Point. Various News in regard to Minorca and the Engagem't of Adm'l Bying with the french; that nothing of Certainty yet perspires. [Sic.'\ Y'r L're bythe Express I rec'd. The other by the Post has not reach'd me, w'ch I suppose sh'd have brought me a Receipt for the Beeves dehver'd by Y'r Speaker. I remain, w'th great Respects, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't h'ble Serv't DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 491 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE EARL OF LOUDOUN. Aug'st 28th, 1756. Right Hon'ble: My last to Y'r L'd'p was by Mr. Cha's Nelson Express, w'ch I hope You duely rec'd, and I beg You to be refer'd thereto. I formerly wrote you that I had sent a No. of Men to build a Fort in the Cherokee Nation of Indians, under the Comand of Maj'r Lewis, and I lately sent a special Messenger to know how they succeeded. Maj'r Lewis wrote me of their g[oo]d recept' n, &c. A Copy of his L're I inclose for Y'r perusal, and one frora their King and Sachems, that now I think we have strongly atach'd 'era and the Catawbas to the British Int't; A Point I have been strongly endeavouring to effect for these last two Years, being inforra' d that the french have been very busy with their Eraissaries to withdraw them from us. I expect 150 of their Warriors in to Our frontiers in less than a Mo. , and am now preparing proper Necessaries for them, and I shall order them to Winchester, to be under the Comand of Colo. Washington, that being the place where we are most in fested by Invasions from the Enemy. I wrote Gov'r Littleton, of So. Carolina, to endeavor to secure the Creeks and Chicka saws to our Interest, for I am still Apprehensive what a No. of french, &c., will come from the Mississippi to fort Du Quesne, and frora thence invade these Southern Colonies, and we are very ill provided for them, having no Engineers or Artillery. As Y'r Ex'cy has so much on Y'r Hands to the No'w'd, we can expect no Assistance at present, but if the Cohonies were unanimous and acted jointly with a proper Spirit, I am of Opin ion an Exped'n ag'st fort Du Quesne may be properly conducted w'th the Assistance of some Engineers and" Artillery, but this I submit to Y'r much superior Judgment. I think it my Duty to inform Your L'd'p of w't occurs in these Parts that may be for the publick Service, and I am, in great Expectations of hearing of Success against Crown Point, &c. I hope for the Hon'r of seeing You here in the Winter Mo's. With great Deference and due respect, I remain, Y'r Ex's Most ob'd't and very h'ble serv't 492 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THOMAS DONALD. Aug'st 30th, 1756. Sir: I now send a Cart w'th 5 Chests of small Arms and 6 Bibs. Gun Powder. They are intended for the Cherokee Indians that are expected in to the River Roanoke, and Mr. Robert Donald is to bring to Y'r Place sundry other Necessarys for these Peo ple. I desire you' d forward the whole, if possible, in any return Carts that bring down tobacco, and write a L' re to Colo. Buch annan, on Roanoke, to take [care] of them and send thera to Maj. And'w Lewis when he comes in w'th the Indians, and forw'd the enclos'd L'res to Mr. Buchanan. As Mr. Donald has not sent me the Particulars of w't he's provided, I beg the fav'r of you to get it frora hira and enclose the Acco'ts of the whole to Maj'r Lewis. There's no occasion of send'g the Prices. If no Carts w'th Tobacco frora Roanoke, endeavour to hire Waggons to send thera and have 'em well cover'd; but I desire it may be done iraraediately, as I expect the Indians wih be there verj soon. Excuse this trouble. Your Care and Dis patch will greatly oblige. Sir, Y'r most h'ble serv't. P. S. — As Dispatch is absolutely necessary, if no return Waggons, or if you can't hire to go to roanoke, send 'em as far as you can, and write to the Comand'g Officer of Y'r County where yo. forw'd thera to, to hire Waggons to carry 'em to Colo. Buchanan, and write him to send a Guard with 'em, that they may be convey'd w'th safety. I wish you'd send some men to meet and Convey 'em safe to Roanoke. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO M.\10R LEWIS. Aug'st 30th, 1756. Sir: I wrote by Colo. Buchanan the 23d of this Mo., to w'ch be refer'd. With this I hope you'l receive 5 Chests cont'g, 125 Arras for the Indians, the Chest No. 6 are very fine ones, w'ch DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 493 You're to give to the Cheif of the Indians, by the Approbation of Otasitie. Yo. will also receive 6 bbls. Gun Powder, 500 lb. Swan Shot, 500 lb. Lead, to be cast into Buhets, and some Blankets and other Things for the Indians, w'ch are all I possi bly c'd purchase, for our Ships are very slow in com'g in from London, w'ch Yo. must mention to the Indians as an Excuse for not sending ' em other Goods. I formerly gave orders for Pro visions for 'era at Roanoke and at Augusta Court House in their March to Winchester. In my former L're I desire Yo. to send 20 or 25 Men under the cora'd of Pearis or any other Person Yo. think Proper, and in y't No. I wish Yo. to procure one or two Blacksmith's, w'ch is desir'd by the Chiefs in their Letter to me. I have wrote Colo. Washington that he may expect the Cherokees under Y'r Conduct, and I order You to march them w'th ah possible Expedition. They'l be supplied at Winchester with all sorts of Amunition, but no Cutlasses to be had here. I send also 20 lb. Vermihion, w'ch I hope whl an swer for the present, and 500 flints for the small Arras. I hope they will march in good Order to Winchester, and it's ray desire they sh'd be supplied with proper Necessaries. I once more Desire Yo. to march 'em w'th all possible Expedition, and I rem'n, S'r, Y'r most h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL BUCHANAN. Aug'st 30th, 1756. Sir: I now send to Y'r Care, to be deliv'd to Maj'r Lewis forthe use ofthe Cherokee Indians, small Arms, Powder, L'd and sorae G'ds for them, and this is to direct Yo. to secure 'em, and im mediately on the Arrival of Maj'r Lewis, give him Notice thereof, and send them where he may order, that the Indians may not be delay'd for want of 'em, and it wih be proper to escort them w'th a Guard of 20 of Y'r Mihtia, or if Yo've Acco't their being on the road to Yo. send some Men to con duct 'em safe. Your Care in this wih oblige. Sir, Y'r h'ble serv't 494 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR DOBBS. September 2nd, 1756. Sir: Last night the enclos'd carae under a Packet to rae. You'l, in y'r L're frora L'd Loudon, have the disagreeable News of Oswego being taken by the Enemy. Our Vessels on Lake Ontario and the Train of Artillery, that was lodged in that Fortress, and there is reason to think that the Enemy' 1 come down the Ohio and invade the So' thern Colonies, and I think we are in a very poor Condition to repell their Force. I have sent for the Councill to consider w't's to be done in this Emergency. L' d Loudoun writes for recruiting Men here for the Royal Amer icans; I shall do all in my Power, but I dread the Success thereof 2 Days ago a Vessell frora Barbadoes brings the agreeable News that Adrairal Boscawen fell in with the Brest fleet, took 4 of their Capital ships, sunk 2, took 16 transports, and was in Chace of the rest. From the several Circumstances attending this re port, I ara of Opinion it's true, and frora the No'w'd generally believ'd that Adra'l Bying defeated the french fleet in the Med iterranean. I have no account of the Provincials and Regulars that were march'd ag'st Crown Point, but the Enemy hav'g the sole Cora'd of Lake Ontario is a Circurastance much ag'st us. I must desire the favo. of Yo. to send the L'rs to the So'ern Gov'rs with all possible Dispatch, as I presume they are to put 'em on y'r Guard on Y'r Western frontiers. I have no Particu lars ofthe Oswego Affair, but from L'd Loudoun's L're I apre- hend it's very bad. We've built a Fort in the Cherokee Country without any Assist'ce from Mr. Glen. They promis rae 150 of their War'rs to our Assist'ce, and I ara, accord' gly, provid'g Necessaries for 'em. I shall be glad to send Yo. better News from the No'w'd; and I rem'n, with great Respect, Y'r Ex'cy's most h'ble serv't. P. S. — Please write Gov. Littleton to use his Influence w'th the Catawbas and Cherokees to send us a handsome No. of Y'r War'rs to our Assist'ce. If y's Express to So. Carolina sh'd bring any L'rs for me, pray forw'd 'em w'th all possible Expe dition. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 495 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR LITTLETON. September 2nd, 1756. Sir: I wrote Yo. the 7th Aug'st, to w'ch please be ref'd. To Gov'r Dobbs, by Express, I send Yo. some L'rs from Brittain, and one from L'd Loudoun, w'ch I presume contains the dis agreeable News of Oswego being taken by the Enemy, w'th ye naval force we had on Lake Ontario and the train of Artillery that was lodged in that Fortress, w'ch together makes a raost essential and great Loss to all the Colonies and to our Expe dit'n ag'st the french, &c. It's to be feared they wih corae down the Ohio and invade this Colony, and -^e are but in a very poor situation to repel their force. I have a L're frora Maj'r Lewis that I sent to the Cherokees to build 'era a fort, w'ch he has constructed to y'r Satisfaction. They promis'd to send in to our Assist'ce 150 of Y'r War'rs. I wish by Y'r Intercession they and the Catawbas w'd increase Y'r No., for I must have g't Depend'ce on these Indians for the Protection of our Frontiers. 7,000 Provincials and 2,000 Regulars march'd ag'st Crown point, but I've not the least Acco't of w't progress they've made. I shall be glad of the Opp'ty of send'g yo. raore agree able News frora the No'w'd. I remain, w'th sincere respects, Y'r Exc's most ob'd't h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR SHARPE. Septeraber 2nd, 1756. Sir: I wrote yo. last Saturday by the Post. Since that I received y'r L're by Colo. Ludwell and remark its Cont'ts. I have or der'd Colo. Washington to remove some of the Stores frora fort Cumberland to Winchester, but by no means to abandon that fort, as such a Step wou'd greatly encourage the Enemy, and, if I be properly inform'd, 200 Men will defend it ag'st 1,000 or more, if they bring no Cannon ag'st it, and I think it raore than probable that next Spring an Expedit'n will be conducted ag'st 496 dinwiddie iapers. Fort Du Quesne, so that the defend' g that fortress this Winter I think necessary and will be of great Service to all the Colonies to the So'w'd, If yo. agree with me in Opinion, some Men from Y'r Province to y't Place wih be very necessary. I've no L're from Mr. Morris in regard to the Enemy's taking fort Granville, but it's no raore than raight be expected from the in active. Lethargic Supineness of that Colony, or shall we be at ease tih the Enemy is drove from the Ohio. They have co mitted raany Cruelties in Augusta County, and I fear wih continue their Barbarities unless Pensylvania, Maryland and this Colony raise forces and join in a Body to repell their force. Our protecting the different frontiers only gives 'em the Advantage of invading us where we are weakest, and I fear they have very good Intelligence of all our Motions from some villains araong us. I hope the Pensylvania Assem bly will do something handsome now they've got a new Gover nor. I'm surpris'd Y'r Assembly order'd the abandoning the fort Yo. had built on Tonohaway Creek, because it was 5 Miles with't y'r Inhabitants. I am glad Yo. have begun so good a fort near Potomack, w'ch undoubtedly will be of great use if they allow Men sufficient to garrison it. The excessive frugalit}- of the different Colonies is sharaeful and far from good Oecon omy or self .Preservation. L'd Loudoun has wrote rae strongly for Recruits for the royal Araericans, but I am afraid I shah not be able to comply w'th his Orders, but I shall do all in my Power. I enclose You one of our Supply Bills for ^40,000 w'ch I conceive will answer Y'r Purpose. I forraerly sent You Copy of the Light House Bill pass' d here, and lyes now w'th the King and Council, and wih raeet w-ith the Royal Assent. If Y'r Asserably wih passe one similar thereto, in Case You s'hd have mislaid it, I send You enclos' d a ruf Copy thereof, and I doubt not you'l agree with me, the necesssity thereof, as a fort is propos'd to be built to mount 12 Eighteen-Pound' rs, w'ch will be a Protection to the Trade of both Colonies from Pri\-a- teers. Several, last War, carae within the Capes and took several of our Vessels. Please press it on Y'r Assembly and write me their Opinion thereon. Y'r L're of the 30th, by the Express I rec'd, with the melan choly Acc't ofthe Loss of Oswego, the Vessells on Lake Ontario and the Train of Artillery lodg'd in that Fortress, w'ch is Con- dinwiddie papers. 497 firm'd by L'd Loudoun's L're to me, and I think he complains that Affairs were in great Disorder on his Arrival. The loss ol that Important Place is extreamly unlucky, and if we don't suc ceed ag'st Crown Point it's more than probable we'l loose all the Indians, and very likely they'l come down the Ohio and invade these Colonies. We are in a bad Situation to repell their force, but it may be hoped that these Prospects may infuse a Spirit of Resentraent into our People, and do at last w't they sh'd have begun w'th. I have sent for the Councill to meet me to-morrow to consult w'th 'em on the present Emergency, and if the Assembly are to raeet, I shall give Yo. notice thereof By my Instructions, I am directed to grant L'res of Mark or Com issions for private Vessells of War, and no doubt Yo. have such an Instruct' n; if not, I think His M'y's Declaration of War qualifies Yo. to grant 'em, as it's the Dutv of every Person in Com'd to do every thing in their Power to distress the Enemy. I send Yo. Copy of w't I've from the Board of Adrairalty, w'ch relates only to the conderan'g of Ships and Goods. I've granted one Comission — Copy ofthe form I now inclose Yo. It's impos sible to say w't the Assembly will do, but w'n raet I shall give Yo. Notice thereof In the raeantime, I think it's absolutely necessary to urge the diferent Asserablies to vote handsomely for the raising a considerable No. of Men, and in Case of an In vasion on any one of 'em, that the whole sh'd join in a Body to repell their force. I ara extreeraly hurried. Assuring Yo. I am, with respect, Y'r Ex'cy's most ob'd't h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE EARL OF LOUDOUN. September Sth, 1756. Right Hon'ble: Y'r L're of the 20th Ult'o. I've rec'd, and I I was sensibly afected w'th the Acco't of the Loss of Oswego. The Acco't thereof was the more surprising, as I always thought Y'r Predecessor in Com'd had his chief atention on the Protect'n and defence of y' t important Fortress, w' ch was the whole de- 498 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. pend' ce we had on Lake Ontario. I shall be glad to hear of Success ag'st C. Point, w'ch will in sorae raeasure make amends for the above Loss. W' ve now about 800 of our Provincials and 6 Corapanies of Militia on our Front's, and I daily expect a Nuraber of Catawbas and Cherokees, w'ch together, I hope, wih be able to protect our front' rs. Iraraediately on the receipt of y'r L're, I cal'd the Council and issu'd the Proclamations, as yo. may observe in the enclos'd News-Paper, and I've sumon'd the Assembly to meet 20th Curr't, w'ch is as soon as Possibly c'd be done, consider'g the Extenciveness of y's Dom'n. In ye Mountains I shall do all in my Power to raise recruits, w'ch is a most difficult Affair here, as our lower Class of People are Dastardly and most inactive Mortals I ever met w'th. We've very few, if any, foreigners here; therefore I think the recruit'g Officers Yo. may please to send sh'd be Britains. As I've but a poor Prospect of recruit'g People Voluntary, I shall propose to ye Assembly to make a Draft frora the whole Militia, w'ch, if done in all the Colonies, I ara fully of Opinion will be the only way to corapleat y'r Regim't of Royal Araericans; but I'm convinc'd the rais'g of men now to send to you for act'n this fall is impracticable, as it will require a long Tirae to recruit, after w'ch the order'g them to Albany, I fear, will be too late to answer y'r Intent'n. However, I shall use my En deavour in doing all in my Power, and I think his M'y's Orders sh'd be sacredly coraply'd with y't the Colonies sh'd suply the Levees for the Royal Araericans, w'ch I shall strongly endeavour w'th our Assembly to urge the Necessity thereof, and y't as this is the oldest settlement, we sh'd give a good Example to ye others; and I further think each Colony sh'd pay the Levy Mon'y agreeable to His M'y's positive Orders sent by Yo. I've laid Prohibition on the Exportation of all raanner of Provisions, but I observe the Prohibition is taken off at New York, w'ch surprised me, and I conceive it will not answer the Intention of ye Crown, if it's not general in all the Colonies. I am afraid and sorry to think y'r Ex'cy didn't find the Aff'rs ofthe Army, or y'r Dispositions in so proper Order as you might' ve expected, w'ch I dread will prevent y'r do'g any thing considerable this year; however, in the winter Mo's, from Y'r Orders and Di rect' ns. Preparations may be made for an early Campaign the suceed' g Year, and that before 'twill be possible for ye Enemy DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 499 to have any reinforceraents frora France. I begg Pardon, I was going out of my Sphere, but ray sincere regard for Y'r L'd'p end Success to our Affairs ag'st the comon Enemy, makes me a little sanguine. The L're Yo. are pleas'd to mention that Yo. wrote frora London never reach' d rae. If it had I sh' d have taken due notice in acknowledging the receipt thereof I send this by Express to acquaint Yo. what I have and what I propose to do in Consequence of y'r Cora'ds. I pray God protect You with good Health and Success in all Y' r Operations, and begg yo. to believe me to be, with great sincerity and truth, Y'r Ex's most ob'd't and very h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GENERAL ABERCROMBIE. Sept'r 8th, 1756. Sir: Hav'g Occasion to send an Express to the E. of Loudoun, furnishes me with an Opp'ty of a'knowledging the receipt of Y'rs by Colo' Ludwell. I've not heard the Proceed' gs of Sir W'm Johnston w'th the Indians, but hope are such as strongly confirms 'em to our Interest. The Treaty concluded with the Catawbas and Cherokees, engag'd rae to send 60 Artificers to construct them a fort in ye Cherokee Country, w'ch is finish'd, much to y'r Satisfaction, and they've engag'd to send in a No. of War'rs for ye Protection of our frontiers, w'ch I daily expect and I've provided accordingly for their reception. The Acco't of Oswego being taken by the Enemy gives me very great Con cern as ye loss of that important Place will be of great Advan tage to the Enemy, and I fear will encourage the Indians to desert to the Enemy; however, if we've any Success ag'st Crown P't, Oswego hereafter, may be re- taken. But the Indians, generally speaking, are apt to side with the strongest, with't much regard to Treaties. I am sorry to think My L'd didn't find the Army and the Dispositions thereof in so good Order as he had reason to expect, w' ch I fear will retard any Consider able Operat'ns this fall, however, proper ord'rs from his L'd'p may have things in a due readiness to begin the Campaign 600 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. early in the Spring before ye Enemy can have any reinforce ments from franee. The Enthusiasm that prevails among the Provincials in not Joining w'th ye Regulars, is a bad Affair. They can't think the knowledge of Military Affairs is by Inspi ration or that they're too wise to be advis'd in Conduct'g y'r Men, or have I Faith enough to think they'l be able to reduce C. point with't proper rules and Direct' ns from ye Gen'l and a Junction with y'r Forces. I am sorry such a No. of Men con tinue so obstinate at this Time of Danger and w'd gladly hope L'd Loudoun whl be able to argue 'em to reason. There is a y'g West Indian from St. Christopher's to enter a volunteer in ye Army. His name is Jno. Wilson, the son of a Worthy father, who has wrote rae that if he behaves well and thought deserving of a Lieut's Comission, his Father will chearfully pur chase it for him. If You sh' d see the Young Gentleman pray give hira Y'r Countenance and Advice. Excuse the Length of y's L're, and be assur'd I reraain with great Sincerity and Truth, Worthy Sir, Y'r most ob'd't and faithful h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR DENNY.'™ OF PENNSYLVANIA. September 8th, 1756. Sir: Y'r favo. of the 23d Ult'o. I duely rec'd, and chearfully embrace this Op'ty of congratulating yo. on y'r safe arrival at y'r Governra't, and sincerely wish yo. a happy and long Admin istration. The Disunion of the British Colonies has been the Bane of all our Exped' t'ns, and greatly promoted the Enemies' Invasions and barbarous Cruelties on our frontier Settlem'ts. Each Colony, by Stockade forts, &c., remain easy in endea- vour'g to protect their own frontiers with't chearfully Join'g the forces of the different Colonies in a body to attack the Enemy lO' William Denny succeeded to the government of Pennsylvania Au gust 20, 1756, under commission dated May 7. He served until 1759. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 501 in y'r forts on his Britanick, M'y's Lands, with't w'ch I despair of reducing them, or, more properly, driving them from our L'ds. I hear they have Intelligence of all our Operations from disaffected Persons in the different Colonies, by w' ch they invade us where weakest and comit the raost cruel Barbarities. I shall be glad if yo. can prevail with y' r Asserably to grant a sufficient sura to raise a Body of Men for the general Service of the whole Colonies, with't confining y'r Service to y'r own frontiers. I sent a No. of Artificers to the Cherokee Nation of Indians to build 'em a fort, w'ch they have constructed to y'r Satisfaction, and they've agreed to send a No. of y'r Warriors to our Assistance. I've provided necessarys of all kinds for y'r reception, and I very soon expect 'em, and shall send 'era to join our forces at Winchester; and I ara of opinion, if y'r Province and Maryland w'd Join us w'th proper No. of Men, we may be able to do effectual Service ag'st the Enemy. I hope the News of Oswego being taken wants Confirmation, as L'rs from N. York of the 23rd Ult'o. takes no Notice of it; but if true, it appears to me to be the greatest Loss we c'd've met w'th in these Parts, but I hope (if that sh'd be true) the six Nations will not desert our Interest, after so solemn a Treaty they've enter' ed into with Sir Wm. Johnston, tho' it's to be dreaded they may do as raore pohte Nations do in join'g the strongest Party. I've suramon'd our Assembly to meet the 20th of y's Mo., when I shall use all possible Arguments to prevail w'th 'em seriously to consider the miserable Situation we are in and to proceed accordingly for our Defence. It will give me a sensible Pleasure to keep up a close Correspondence w'th yo., and shall at all Times be ready to communicate any thing that may occurr for His M'y's Service or the good of these Colonies. I remain, with respect, Sir, Y'r most ob'd't h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR SHARPE. Septemb' r 8th, 1756. SiR: I wrote You by y'r Express, to w'ch please be referr'd. I call'd the Counch, w'ch, agreeable to L'd Loudoun's L're, we 502 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. laid a Prohibition on the Exportation on all manner of Pro visions, w'ch yo. may observe by the enclos'd Gazette. I've suramon'd the Assembly to meet the 20th, when I hope they will seriously consider our present Situation and do what is absolutely necessary in the present Exigency of our Affairs. I w'd gladly hope Oswego is not taken. L'd Loudoun's L're to me is the 20th, where he mentions his receiv'g Acco't thereof the night before, and I have L'res from N. York of the 23rd, that takes not the least Notice of it. This Express I send to L'd Loudon. He desires me to raise recruits for the Royal Americans and send 'em directly to him. It's irapossible to raise Men so soon as to send ' era to Albany to be on service this fall; however, I'ra doing all in my Power to raise what Men I possibly can, but it will be attended w'th great Difficulties, un less I procure an Act of Assembly to make a general Draft from the Militia. I suppose you'l see it proper to lay a Prohibition on the Export of Provisions from y' r Colony, as I think it ought to be general in all the Colonies. I reraain, w' th great respect, Y'r Ex'cy's raost ob'd't h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL CLEMENT READ. Sept'r Sth, 1756. Sir: Y'r L'r f, Ct Stalniker of the 2d Curr't, I rec'd and ob serve its Contents and the Trouble You undertook in \-iew-'g sorae ofthe Forts and Y'r Observa's ofthe No. of Men in some of 'em, and the Pay, &c. , due to 'em, all w'ch I approve of and thank You for y'r distinct L'r thereon; but as I am out of Order, I can't answer Y'r L'r Paragraphicahy, as I hope to see You at Court, [when I] shall be more particular. The Pay of the Militia raust be to the Lieut, or Com'd'g Officer of each Co'ty, as by the Law they are to acc't to the Ass'y, and if y'r Acc'ts appear hear towards the end of the Court, I inchne they shall be paid, tho' I believe there will be some Impressions on the Co'try from the Co'ty of Augusta, as a Dispute subsists who shall pay Militia. If Justice was intended no Person w'd strive for the DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 503 Trouble; how' r Y'r Acc'ts must be strictly exam'd and swore to. The ^500 You had by Colo. Buchannan was entirely in tended for the Cherokee Ind's; however, if you have appl'dany Part of it otherways, I desire You to keep the Acc'ts seperate. What Provis's the Inhab'ts have supplied, the Price sh'd be no more y'n the Curr't Price at the Time. I am sensible they en deav'r to exact, tho' us'd for their own Preservat'n. I think a Qu'ty of Provisions sh'd be purchased for a Winter supply for the Forces, but as the Treas' r is not in Town, I can't supply you with Money Properly; however, I have sent my Warr't on the Treas' r for 50o[^], w'ch he wih bring You. Give Stalniker ioo[;^] of it to qualify him to raise his Co. and buhd a little Stockade F't at Draper's Meadow, and take his Receipt for it. His Pay wih be p'd w'n he sends his Acc't down by the Com'd'g Off'r of the Co'ty. I am surpriz'd the Militia are so backw'd in assisting to buhd the Forts. The Officer from Halifax assur'd me y'r Militia w'd build y'r Forts. I am of Opin'n the No. of Forts propos'd weakens our Strength, as the People can't be properly collected in a Body on an Eraergency. And I ara also of Opin'n our reraain'g on the Defensive wih always encourage the Enemy to invade, murder and robb the poor Inhab'ts, and I wish w'n Maj'r Lewis arrives with some of the Cherokees, they, with some of our People, w'd undertake an Expedit'n ag'st the Shawness Towns. The forraer prov'd abortive for want of a good Phot; but more of y's w'n I see You. I sh'd be glad if we c'd engage the People for six Mo's, but not to loiter idly in the Forts, but Parties to way-lay the Ind's on y'r passing or re-passing the Mount's, w'ch if y'r Tract is known may very easily be put in execut'n, and a proper Diary to be kept by the Clerk, drawn out fair and sign' d by the Off's, and on occasion to send a trusty Person to see w't Forces they have in each F't and the Parties y't raay be out a scout' g. There are raany other Things I shall be glad to be advis'd ab' t. At pres't I think we are under bad raanagera't, and the People of Augusta Appear to rae to endeav'r to make Money unjustly from the Distresses of the Co'try, with't a proper Spirit to assist, w'ch has been the Case with many of 'em ever since my arrival here. The Cha[rge]s of Waggonage sh'd be included in the Co'ty Lieut's Acco't. I wish the diff't Tools and Ket tles wanted had been specified in a particular man' r, if possible. 504 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. to be purchas'd. Excuse my enlarg'g any further, being other wise hurried and not very well. I rera'n, with Kind Respects, S'r, Y'r very h'ble serv't. P. S. — The Pay of the People can't be ascert'd tih the Acc't app's. Y'n I shall endeav'r to have 'em paid. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO CAPTAIN HOGG. Sept'r Sth, 1756. Sir: I rec'd Y'rs of the 25th Ult'o, and Observe You have raade a Beginn'g to buhd a Fort near Vasse's Plantat' n, w'ch is weh. The Behavior and Backwardness of the Militia in assisting You is unaccountable or can I acc't for the dastardly Spirit of our lower Class of People in general, but y't of Augusta Co'ty, I think, exceeds 'era all. The ordering 'era out raonthly was in regard to y'r Harvest, but if properly conducted by the Comand'g Off's of the Co'ty, the relief sh'd be at the Place before the former Men march'd back, but I can't possibly get 'em to do Th'gs properly and in good Order. I think Colo. Buchannan does not exert his Authority in order'g the Militia out, and I find Co. Read has no Influence but in his own Co'ty, but it's strange the Off's Com'd'g the Militia to y'r Duty, can't Com'd 'em to y'r Duty with't y't of the Com'd'g Off'rs of the different Cot's, y's is preposterous, for they sh'd be im'd't'ly under Com'd of the Off'r at y'r head, how'r, I shall be glad if Co. Read can pre vail on 'era to do y'r Duty with Cheerfulness. I am of Opin'n three Forts are unnecess'y, and as the one You are construct'g may be sufficient, as I hear Co. Washington is with You, con sult with him thereon, for I think the No. of Forts divides our Strength, the People can't soon be collected on any Emergency, and I am convinc'd Discipline and proper Com'd is not practic'd among the Militia. Dickenson"" is now here, and says he was sent for to the gen'l Must'r w'n his F't was attack'd. I told him he had no Call to be there w'n he otherways was on Duty, "' Captain John Dickenson. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 505 and he confesses his Errors but says he constantly kept Gentries and Scout'g Parties from the F't for some Mo's round, and those y't went after the Ind's he says were Militia under diff't Off's y't he c'd not Com'd 'em; y't he had 120 lb. Powder and 200 lbs. Lead w'n attack'd. In short, I'm of Opin'n, if there had been proper Conduct they raight have destroy'd some of the En'y. I have ord'd Stalniker to raise a Co. of Rangers and build a small Stockade F't at Draper's Meadow."^ I hope Maj'r Lewis is come in with the Cherokees, I wish they c'd concert an Expedit'n ag'st the Shawnesse Towns with Ind's and some of our People, for while on the Defensive they will constantly harrass us in fly'g Parties. I am not very well, raust therefore leave off. Wishing You Health, I am, S'r, Y'r h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO SIR CHARLES HARDY. September Sth, 1756. Sir: My last to yo. was in July, when I sent yo. Copy of a Treaty conclud'd with the Catawbas and Cherokees. By that Treaty they insisted on a fort being built for 'em. I immediately sent out 60 Artificers, who have constructed a fort for ' era, and much to their approbation. On the fort being built they have agreed to send in a No. of y'r War'rs to our Assistance, w'ch I daily expect, and I've pro vided all necessarys for their reception, and shall order 'em to Join our forces at Winchester for the Protection of our frontiers. We are sadly alarm'd here w'th the Acco't of Oswego being taken by the Enemy, but I hope it's not True, as I've L'rs from Y'r Place of 23rd Uito. that does not take the least Notice ofit, and I always thought that Important Place due the attention of the former Gen'l for its Protection. I hope soon to hear agree- ">= Near Smithfield, present Montgomery county, and a portion of the lands of George Draper, the wife of whose son John, and Mary, wife of Wm. Ingles and the sons, John and Thomas, of the latter, were carried into captivity by the Indians in the summer of 1756. 506 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. able News from the Army in regard to C. Point; but the Post is so long in coming frora New York here that it brings only old stale News, w'ch obliges me on any Affair of Consequence to send Expresses. The Bearer is employ'd as such by L'd Lou don. I wish yo. Health and Happiness, and am in great Truth, Y'r Exc'y's most ob'd't h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL WASHINGTON. Sept'r 13th, 1756. Sir: Y'r L'r of the Sth I rec'd last Night. I am aff'd the Draughts from Prince Wra, Culpeper and Fairfax are not made agreeable to Expectat's, as I hear raany of the Young men have made Y'r Escape and do not appear at the Musters. S'r, I ment'n'd in my L'r the 19th Uito. to enlist Serv'ts agreeable to the Act of Parliam't. Y't Act of Parliament I wrote from Y'r L'r to me. I know of no Act of Parliam't on y't head, but I have direct's from H. M'y, by the Sec'ry of State, as also from L'd Loudoun, on y't Subject, w'ch I shall pres't to the Ass'y y't I have sura'd to meet next Monday, and I desire you may send me any Th'g necess'y to be laid before 'em in reg'd to Y'r Regim't. I did speak to the Treasurer, and he agreed to pay the Masters^of such Serv'ts for the tirae they had to serve, and I doubt not the Ass'y, by an Act, will fachitate y't Service. I am sensible of the ill-usage the Service meets with from the Deserters met with all over the Co'try, w'ch I have long compl' d of, and have prorais'd, by Publicat'n, Pardon to all those y't w'd ret'n to y'r duty. You sh'd have sent down Acc't of the Necessaries Y'r Men indispensably want, as there are some goods imported since You were here. I gave several Drums to the recruit'g Officers; however, w'n Opp'ty offers [I] shall send you sorae more. I am sorry any of the Off'rs of the Rangers sh'd prev't Y'r Men enlist'g in Y'r Regim't. I told Ct. Cox y't the Mo. was exhausted y't was appropriated for Y'r Pay, on w'ch he desir'd me to recom'd him for some Ser vice at Winchester. I told him y't I left to You, and I can't give DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 507 You any Orders, but to endeavour to perswade them to enlist. The Nottoways are gone to the Tuscaroras, and promis'd to pay 'em on y'r ret'n. I shall ment'n the Affair of the Pennsylvania Butchers to the Assembly, and I hope they will fall on some Meth'd to put a Stop to y't ill-Practice. I do not know who is Comiss' y of Stores, as I hear Mr. Walker dechnes, and I think Mo[ney] sh'd be lodg'd with a proper Person for the Purchase, w'ch I shall speak to the Treas' r ab't. You are not to notice the Selfishness of Individuals, but order Y'r Men where [there is the] most danger and where you see proper. I wonder the Lieut' t of the Co'ty does not put the Act of Ass'y in force ag'st such of the Militia as refuse Orders. I hear 400 Cherokees are come to our Assist'ce, but I have no Ex's frora Co. Lewis. I have provided Arms sufficient for 'em. I ordered 'em directly for Winchester, and if they corae to you I think you sh'd send 'em out in Parties a-scalp'g, and let 'em know they will receive £10 for every Scalp or Prisoner they may take, and [I] doubt not you will see the Necessity of us' g 'em kindly, and desire you may give Orders accordingly. I am glad You have been so quiet, and hope it will continue till you are able to send Parties to harrass the Enemy in Y'r own Co'try. I have sent up five Chests of Arras, Powder and Shott to Augusta, with sorae Cloath'g, for the Ind's. W'n I hear particularly of Y'r arrival I shah send sorae Arms, &c. I can't send Gold or Silver to make any Purchases at Phha'a, and am of Opinion they raay be supplied here. I paid. Jenkins a Year's Pay, and after You had the Cora'd y't Charge sh'd be included in Y'r Contingencies. I conceive the Exp's with Declarat' n of War and in reg'd to La Force were p'd here, but this wih be Expl'd at meet'g. As L'd Loudoun is expect'd here in Nov., w'n the Roh of Y'r Men must be laid before him, whl it not surprise him to see 16 P. c't of Officers, so sraah a No. of Men? And no doubt he wih order a proper Reduct'n. As to Crisp, the Ship Carpenter, if no further useful, he raust be discharg' d and p' d by you, as he has been employ'd in the Ser. of the Co'try. I suppose he help'd to buhd the Ferry Boats and Bridges I hope the Ass'y wih fah on some proper Measures for reinforc'g Y'r Regira't before Dec'r. You are not to depend on the pres't Tranquhity, but to be watchfully on Y'r Guard, for I fear the Enemy wih y's Fah make some strong Attempt ag'st us. I hope Oswego is not 508 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. taken, as we have it not conf d, and I wish to hear the Contrary. I can give no Orders ab't Serv'ts till the Ass'y meets. The Off's recruit'g in M'yl'd have no other direct's than those on such similar Orders I sent You in ray former L'r. I send Jen kins imediately back, y't I raay rec. Y'r Remarks w't is necess'y in reg'd to Y'r Regim't to be laid before the Ass'y. I am. Sir, Y'r h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR LITTLETON. September iSth, 1756. Sir: I ara to acknowledge the Rec'pt of both Y'r L'rs of 2Sth of July and 25th of August, with Copy of Major Lewis's L'r to Capt. Deraere, for w'ch I ret'n ray sincere thanks. I ara glad Y'r Ass'y has behav'd so well and quahfied You to build a Fort in the Upper Cherokee Co'try, w'ch sh'd have been finish'd long before Y'r arrival at Y'r Gov't. In the end of the Year 1754, I was order'd by the Sec'y of State to assist Y'r Predecessor in Gov't with Pres'ts, and to effect the buhd'g of y't F't. I had from the Cr. to draw home for ^10,000. I sent on the Sth of Feb'y 1755, Mr. Glen a B. of Excha. for ;^i,ooo St'g for the above Uses. He wrote me to remit him ;!^6,ooo St'g more, w'ch he w'd want for construct'g the above Fort; w'ch I c'd not spare, as I had great Call to provide Provis's for the Troops y'n ex pected. I laid Mr. Glen's Calculat'n before Gen'l Braddock and some of the Engineers. They gave ye Opin'n y't the F'tmight be constructed for much less y'n >< the Money of his Calculat'n, but indeed it was not in my Power to remit him more y'n the ;^i,ooo. I greatly wanted some of the Ind's to join our Forces under Gen'l Braddock. They always answer'd they w'd spare none of y'r Warriors, as they were to have a meet'g with Mr. Glen soon, and actually went to meet him at the very period of tirae they were so rauch wanted for the King's Service — in the Year 1755. I continually solicited y't Gent's Int't to prevah with the Ind's to come in to join our Forces, but did not succeed. In 1754, I wrote hira the 24th Octob'r and 15th Nov'r, w'ch, if DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 509 he wih shew You those L'rs, with y't of the Sth Feb'y, 1755, they whl shew my Earnestness with him on this Head. W'n the Com'rs went to the Catawbas and Cherokees to make a Treaty, the Catawbas promis'd to send in fifty of y'r Warriors, w'ch w'd have prevented many Murders, &c., butthey produc' d a L'r in excuse from Mr. Glen, ofthe 12th of F'y last. The last Paragraph is as follows : "As to Y'r tak'g up the Hatchet mention'd in Y'r L'r, I know by experience how unnecessary it is to press You to go to War either ag'st Y'r Enemies or ours. Y'r own Bravery and Faithfulness to the Great K'g Geo. will always determine You to do so. I hope some time y's Spring You wih shew Y'r At tachm't to the English by send'g some of Y'r People ag'st our Enemies, and shall not fail to acqu't You both of the Time and Place to go to. I ara Y'r lov'g Bro. and F'd— J. G." The latter Part of y's Paragraph is w't they say prevented Y'r com'g, not hav'g rec'd his Orders. I sent a Messenger to 'em to put 'era in mind of the Treaty. They then order'd 40 or 50 Men, but Y'r Interpreter fell sick, w'ch prevent'd Y'r March at y't Time. I wish Mr. Glen had been more sanguine in prevah'g with the Ind's, w'ch I have reason to believe they of 'emselves might have been prevah'd on to corae in last Year. Excuse y's Digression, as it is justify'g rayself in obey'g the Orders I rec'd from the Sec'ry of State. I wrote You the 2nd Curr't with L'rs from L'd Loudon, by w'ch he was apprehensive F't Oswego was taken by the Enemy, but I hope to hear it contradicted, as we have no further Acc't thereof I ara very glad of Y'r Intent's to cultivate a F'dship with the different Tribes of Ind's to the so'w'd, w'ch I hope wih frustrate the Fr. strong and assiduous Applicat's to withdraw 'em from our Int't, w'ch they have done in some of the Western Tribes. The Men I sent out with Maj'r Lewis are ret'd under the Com'd of Capt. Overton. The Maj'r remains among the Ind's to conduct in, as is said, 400 of Y'r Warriors, w'ch wih be a Re-enforcem't to our Regim't, now on our Front's and Y'r good Offices in writing to Old Hop and the Little Carpenter had the desir'd effect in prevah'g on 'em to come, for w'ch good Service I desire to ret'n You hearty Thanks and it shall be laid before the Counch soon. The Resolut'n of our Ass'y was to 510 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. build a fort to the lik'g of the Ind's and at the Charge of y's Co'try, as it was uncert'n whether Y'r Predecessor intended buhding a Fort, or did we know of his Intentions to go out there till our Cora'rs arriv'd from Cha's Town, and y'n Maj'r Lewis had rec'd his Orders, but on hearing y't a No. of Men were to march with Mr. Glen to the Cherokee Co'try, I dis patch'd a Messenger to Maj'r Lewis direct' g hira to submit to the Orders of Mr. Glen, to whora I wrote by y't Messenger. The F't built by Maj'r Lewis is greatly approv'd of bythe Ind's, but we never tho't of send'g a Garrison to it as it is at so great a Distance; however, as our Ass'y sits down on Monday, I shall endeavor to send some Men there for the pres' t. Sir W ra John son did great Service in secur'g the Shawnesse and Delawares. I wish they raay continue stedy, but they are like raore Polite Nat's ready to join with the Stronger side. L'd Loudon's ar rival gave great Pleasure and Satisfaction to every Weil-Wisher to his King and Co'try, but frora his L'rs to me, I fear he did not find Affairs in such good Order as he had reason to expect, and being so late in the Suraer I fear he will not be able to do rauch y's Campaign. I ara greatly oblig'd for Y'r Bro., Sir Geo.'s ™ reraerabrance of me. Pray w'n You write, present my most h'ble Respects. I am glad You propose fix'g a Post from Y'r Place to No. Caro., w'ch will afford me the Pleasure of keep'g up a Strict Correspondence with You, and be assur'd any Th'g occurr'g for H. M'y's Ser., or the good of his Colonies on y's Cont't, shall be carefully communicated by Y'r Ex's most ob'd't and very h'ble serv't. "^ George Lyttieton, historian and poet, the eldest sonof Sir Thomas Lyttieton, baronet of Hagley in Worcestershire, was born in January, 1709; educated at Eton and Christ-church college, Oxon; member of Parliament for Okehampton in 1730; in 1737, when Frederick, Prince of Wales, formed a separate court he was appointed his Secretary-, and is said to have stimulated the prince to the patronage of Mallet, Thom son and other men of letters ; succeeded his father in his title and es tate in 1751 ; filled successively the posts of cofferer of the household and chancellor of the Exchequer ; raised to the peerage as Baron Lyt tieton of Frankley in the county of Worcester; published, in 1735, "Per sian Letters" ; in 1747, "Dissertation on the Conversion of St. Paul"; in 1760, "Dialogues ofthe Dead," and later " History of Henry II"; died in August, 1773 ; his works were first collected and printed in 1774, 4to. DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 511 P. S. Since writ'g the above, a Gent, of Character arr'd here from N. York, who confirms the bad News of Oswego's being taken, and tho't to be surrender' d in a shameful manner, hav'g 1,650 Men in it — and generahy believ'd to the No'w'd y't Minorca is also taken. Great Comp[lain]ts ag'st Adm'l Bying."' GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GOVERNOR DOBBS. September iSth, 1756. Sir: I rec'd Y'rs of the 7th by return of my Express. I have heard Noth'g frora the No'w'd since I wrote You, but a Vessell y't left Oswego y's Mo. said they had no positive Acc't of Os wego's being taken, but y't it was besieg'd. I w'd gladly flatter myself y't it is not taken, but a short Time whl inforra us, as I expect y's Week the return of an Exp's I sent L'd Loudoun. I wrote fully the New Gov. of Pensylvania, and hope he will be able to do soraeth'g with his Ass'y; y't of M'yTd sits down the Beginn'g of next Mo., and our's the 20th Curr't. W't they wih do is uncert'n. I begin to fear the News from B[ar]b[a]d[oe]s wih not stand good, and y't frora Gibraltar wants Confirmat'n. I am in great fear of loosing Minorca. The Conduct of Bying is very bad, if such as reported. We had no Vessells from Londo. of a Long Time, w'ch makes us very barren of News. The Men are ret'd y't I sent to buhd a Fort in the Cherokee Co'try. They have constructed it, much to the satisfaction of the Ind's, and at the Charge of y's Co'try at least ;^2,ooo. They desire and request a No. of Men to garrison the Fort, and every Th'g sh'd be done to keep 'em in good Temper. So. Caro. builds 'em another Fort on River Tennessee, where they propose to leave Men to garrison it, and as the Cherokee Co'try is chiefly in Y'r Province, I think it reasonable and just to send a No. of Men to join those from y's Gov't to garrison y't Fort. I shall propose to our Assembly the supply'g an Officer with '"' Hon. John Bying, Admiral of the Blue, a gallant officer, who to appease popular clamor, for this reverse, which he could not avert, was shot, under a rigorous sentence, now universally reprobated. 512 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 25 Men. A Supply from You of the like No.., I believe, wih be sufficient, and I doubt not You will endeav'r with Y'r Ass'y to vote agreeably thereto, and I desire You to write me Y'r success therein as soon as possible. Maj'r Lewis rem'd am'g the Ind's to conduct in here w' t Men they w' d send in to our Assistance, and I expect 'em in three Weeks. I think now is the only time for the different Ass'ys to exert y'r utmost Efforts for the Pro tect'n of Y'r Lives, Relig'n, and Liberties, w'ch are all now at stake. I pray God may direct 'em, y't with Spirit they may do every Th'g necessary and incumb't on 'em at y's Time of appar' t Danger. Pray forw' d the enclos' d by the Post. Heart ily wish'g for an Opp'ty of send'g You agreeable News — Wife and Child' n send y'r Complim'ts, and I rem'n with great Truth, Y'r Ex's Most ob'd't h'ble serv't P. S. — Since writing the above, Co. Hunter arriv'd from N. York, confirras the bad News of Oswego's being taken, and tho't to be surrender'd in a shameful Man'r, hav'g 1,650 Men in it, and generally believ'd to the No'w'd y't Minorca is also, taken. Great Compl'ts ag'st Adm'l Bying. Y'r Son was weh, and believ'd his men were to be enlisted in the Royal Araericans, and he to ret'n for raore Recruits. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE'S ADDRESS TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY. Gentlemen of the Cojincil, Mr. Speaker, and Gent'n of the House of Btirgesses : September 20th, 1756. I have been obliged to call yo. together much sooner than I intended. A Letter from His Ex'cy, the R't Hon' ble The Earl of Loudoun, makes y' r meeting now abso lutely necessary. His L'dsh'p acquaints me in that L're that the French and Y'r Indians, he apprehends, wih take the Important Fortress of Oswego, on Lake Ontario, with all the Stores and Ammution therein. Since the Receipt of y't L're a Confirma- DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 513 tion is brought of its actually being taken, with the Melancholy Circumstances attend'g that Affair. After the Surrender of the Fort the inhuman Indians, with the sthl more inhuman French, have actually cut off the Men in that Garrison by cruelly mur dering them in cold Blood, contrary to the Laws both of Nature and Nations, by w'ch You may observe w't is to be expected from the Subjects of His Most Christian M'ty. His L'dsh'p desires me to be on ray Guard ag'st the pernicious Consequences that raay attend such an unhappy Event, as it whl lay me still more open to the French Indian Power w'ch we may directly expect on our Frontiers. The Regira't in this Country's Ser vice, under the Coraand of Colo. George Washington, I suppose are properly station'd to resist any Invasion; and, frora Capt. Overton, I've Reason to expect 400 Cherokee Indians to assist. Gent, of the House of Burgesses : I recomend to yo. to make proper Provision for the Indians. I shall from the public Magazine supply 'era w'th Arms, Powder and Lead, and I've order'd the Purchase of some Cloath'g, but much short of w't will be absolutely necessary. I shall cause the Earl of Loudoun's L're to me to be laid before yo., whereby yo. may observe His L'dsh'p, in the most pressing Manner, desires our Assistance of Recruits for compleat'g the Regim' t of Royal Americans, under His L'dsh'p's immediate Comand. His Majesty has been graciously pleased to send some officers from Britain, and he expects that the several Colo nies on this Continent will furnish Levies sufficient to compleat that Regira't, w'ch is to consist of 4 Batahons of 1,000 Men each. It is also expected that ye enhsting Money and the Ex pences of send'g the Men to the Place they are to be properly formed is to be paid by the diferent Colonies, after w'ch they are to be on the British Establishment. As this is demanded frora every Colony, I must earnestly recoraend to yo., Gent'n., to form a Law to facilitate the raising of Men in the most effectual Manner for this Purpose, And thus justify y'r Country's Claim to be Her excellent Sovereign's most dutiful, as she is His most ancient. Colony and Dominion. You can't but be further soh citous that the Royal American Regiment sh' d be corapleated, since any Deficiency in y't must be supplied on ev'ry Occasion 514 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. w'th Mahtia Levies to put a Stop to y'e Progress of our french and Indian Enemies. Gent'n, if any indented Servants sh'd inhst in His M'j'ty's Service, I'm order'd to recomend to yo. to raake proper Provision for repay' g the Masters of such Servants as shall inlist the Money p'd by such Masters on their original contract, in proportion to the Time such indented Servants have to serve. His Majesty also expects that the Funds now rais'd and ap- propriat'd, or w'ch may hereafter be rais'd, be issu'd and applied to the general Service in such Manner as the Comander-in-Chief of his forces on this Continent shall direct. Colo. Washington coraplains to rae that the People frora Pennsylvania purchase and drive off frora our frontiers great Nos. of Cattle, by w'ch he apprehends there raay be a Scarcity for maintain'g the forces in this Country's Pay. I therefore recomend it to yo. to form a Law for preventing this Evil. Major Lewis, agreeable to Ord's, march'd w'th his Corapany of Men to the Cherokee Country, where he has constructed a fort, to the Approbation and Satis faction of those Indians. His L're to me, w'th one from the Sacheras of that Nation, I shall cause to be laid before yo. You will observe the Indians Request a No. of Men to garrison that Fort, w'ch, I think, at this tirae may be of essential Service to keep ' em in good Temper, and I recomend it to Yo. to make Provision accordingly for sorae Men to march and remain there for a Time. GOV. DINWIDDIE'S ADDRESS TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY Gent'n of the Council, Mr. Speaker, and Gent'n of the H. of Burgesses : You must be all very sensible of His Majesty's fraternal Care and Regard for His Subjects on this Continent, w'ch he has signified at such iraraense Expence by Sea and Land for our Preservation, and I doubt not will raise in every Breast a grate ful and dutiful Acknowledgeraent. I must observe that the Dispute between the two Crowns grows near to a Crisis, whether these Colonies are stih to remain under the happy Constitution of Great Britain, or become subject to the Arbitrary Power of a DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 515 despotic Prince. If under the former, yo. are safe in y'r Lives, Religion, Liberties and Estates; if to the latter (w'ch Heaven avert), reflect, I beseech yo., on the dreadful Change on the said Necessity of giving up y'r Liberty for Slavery, the purest Religion for the grossest Idolatry and Superstition, the legal and mild Governm' t of a protestant King for the Arbitrary Exactions and heavy Oppressions of a Popish Tyrant. As there can be no Medium, therefore I hope every Individual will exert themselves in protect' g the raany Blessings and Privileges we enjoy under the best King and Constitution on the face -of the Earth. These diferent Matters I thought proper to lay before yo., and I re comend 'em to y'r serious attention. With the utraost Earnest ness and concern for the Preservation and Welfare of our Coun try, I, in her Narae, and for her Sake, intreat yo. to exert y'r utniost Efforts for her safety and our Sovereign's Honor. And may that Wisdom and Goodness w' ch raaketh Men to be of one Mind in an House, promote y'r Unanimity and Application, and crown thera with the most happy Effects. RESPONSE OF THE COUNCIL. Sir: We, His Majesty's dutiful and loyal Subjects, the Counch of Virginia, now met in General Assembly, beg leave to return Your Hon'r our sincere Thanks for Your Kind and affectionate Speech at the Opening of the Session. The Progress of his Majesty's Enemies on this Continent, especiahy in the unhappy Reduction of Fort Oswego, is a Subject the most Affecting ; as by this success their Way is become more open unto all the Southern Provinces ; among whom This may expect to feel some of its fatal Consequences. But, if there be anything sacred, substantial or valuable in the Enjoyment of Civil Liberty, and the purest Religion on the Face of the Earth, in the Love of our Country, and in the Duty of Gratitude to the best of Kings, we do in the strongest Manner assure Your Hon'r that animated by these Principles we will exert our whole Power, and heartily concur in every Measure that shah be judged con ducive to restore the Peace and Security of all the British Colo- 516 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. nies. And may that great and good Being in whose Hands are the Fates of Kings and Nations give Wisdom and Unanimity to our Deliberat'ns and Crown our Endeavours with the most happy Effects. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE'S REJOINDER TO THE COUNCIL. Gentlemen of the Council: I sincerely thank You for Your kind and obliging address. It gives me much pleasure and Satisfaction that You are deterrain'd to exert Your whole Power, and concur in every Measure that raay be judg'd conducive to restore Peace and Seclirity to the British Colonies on this Continent, and I do not doubt, after such sanguine Declarations and Resolutions, with the Blessing of God, we shall be strengthened to defeat the malicious designs of our inhuman Eneraies. RESPONSE OF THE BURGESSES. Sir: We, His Majesty's raost dutiful and loyal subjects, the Bur gesses of His most ancient Colony and Dominion of Virginia, return Your Honour our unfeigned Thanks for Your raost affec tionate Speech at the Opening of this Session. At a Time when we daily expected to hear of the good Success of His Majesty's Arms on the Continent, it cannot but give us the most sensible Concern, to be inforraed of the Loss of a Place of such Import ance as the Fort of Oswego. We hope from this unhappy Affair, this Good may be produced, that we shall all heartily unite in our Opposition to an Enemy now become formidable, and in Support of that Plan w'ch His Majesty with great Care and Expence has prepared to execute. We, who enjoy the Blessings of a British Constitution reduc'd to its original Purity, and breathing nothing but Freedom and Justice, under the government of our most gracious Sovereign, dinwiddie papers. 517 must, without the grossest Stupidity, look with Horror and De testation on the dreadful Reverse ; a French Tyranny, under which the cruelties they daily Exercise would be compassionate, as they would deprive us of an Existence no longer valuable, where Religion, Life, and Property are to be subject to the Will of a superstitious, cruel and arbitrary Monarch. And we as sure Y' r Honor that we shall always be ready with our Lives and Fortunes, to support His Majesty's just and indispensable Rights, and to protect his Colonies from the Blow that is aimed at them by our Detestable Enemy. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE'S REJOINDER TO THE BURGESSES. Mr. Speaker and Gentlemen of the House of Burgesses : I desire most sincerely to return you ray hearty Thanks for your kind Address. It gives me a sensible Pleasure to Observe you so unanimous in your Opposition to an Enemy that has no Less in View than our Ruin, and your Determina tion to support the Plan His Majesty has so wisely and at great Expence concerted for our Protection, and that you will, with your Lives and Fortunes, support His Majesty's just and indis putable Rights. Gent., I raust observe the Rights' of the Crown and the Property of the Subject are so closely connected that the sup port'g the one is a Protection to the other, and at this Time of so imminent Danger, your Duty to your King, your Country, Family and Posterity, calls aloud to you to exert your utraost Abilities in Defeating the Designs of our inveterate Enemies. I desire to assure you that I will most cordially concur with you in every thing to obtain what yo. have so sincerely in view. 518 dinwiddie papers. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO HENRY FOX, ESQ'RE. Sept'r 24th, 1756. R't Hon.: I have the Hon'r of y'r L'r of the 17th of May, with H, M'y's Declarat'n of War ag'st the Fr. King, &c., w'ch I did declare here the 7th Uito., with the usual Cereraon's and For malities, and have order'd it to be publish'd at the head of all the Militia in the different Counties of y's Dominion. I wrote You the 17th of May of the Com'rs I sent to the Catawbas and Cherokees, had concluded a Treaty with the Two Nat's. The Cherokees insisted on a fort being built in the Upper Cherokee Co'try, w'ch Fort sh'd have been built by the Gov't of So. Caro. near two Years ago. I was inform'd the Fr. were very busy and assiduous with those People to draw 'era frora our Int't, andthe buhd'g of the Fort being strenuously insisted on by 'em, I therefore, in June last, sent out Major Lewis with 80 Artificers and Labourers, and he has, agreeable to my Orders, constructed a Fort entirely to the satisfaction of those Ind's, and Maj'r Lewis writes me they will send in 400 of their Warriors to assist and protect our Front's frora the Incursions of the Enemy. The retain'g 'em in our Int't is a good Point gain'd at y's Time, and they declare they will always continue stedy to our Int't. I have a L' r from L' d Loudoun, with the disagreeable Acc't of Oswego's being taken by the Enemy. Y's is a very bad Affair for the Colonies. Undoubtedly, he has wrote You on y't head. He has earnestly desir'd rae to procure him Recruits for the Royal Araerican Regira't. I eraed't'ly cah'd the Ass'y, to pass a Law to fachitate the rais'g of Men; Accordingly, they are now sitting, and seera to be in good Tiraper, and I hope they wih enable rae to raise sufficient, tho', with Concern, I raust say our lower Class of People are of a very dastardly Spirit, and the rais'g of Men extremely difficult here; however, I hope I shah be able to raise a proper Quota. L'd Loudoun's coming so late in the Suraer, and I fear not meet'g with the Affairs of the Army, &c., in so good Order as probably he expected, will not allow much to be done y's Fah, but provid'g in the Winter Mo's to take the Field early next Spring, I hope wih enable him to give 'em a Blow before they can be reinforc'd from France, and re trieve the Loss of Oswego, w'ch I sincerely wish, and Npth'g dinwiddie papers. 519 shah be want'g in me to do every Th'g in my Power for H. M'y's Ser. and the good of these Colonies. As the Ship y's goes by is ready to depart, I shah, by the next write You the Conseq' ce of ray Applicat' n to the Ass' y. I take the Liberty to enclose you my Speech to 'em and y'r Address to me, &c., and I beg Leave to assure You with great Deference and due Re spect, I rem'n, R't Hon., Y'r most ob'd't faithful h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE EARL OF HALIFAX. Sept'r 24th, 1756. R't Hon.: Y'r L'r of the nth of May was forwarded me bythe R't Hon. the E. of Loudoun. His arrival to Com'd the Forces on y's Cont't gave me rauch Pleasure, as a Person so well-known in mihtary Aff's was greatly wanted here, and every Thing in my power to assist in execut' g the Plans laid down by H. M'y for supp't of the Dignity of the Crown and the Safety of his Dom's and Subjects on y's Cont't, and at all Times give due attent'n to the Comd's and Orders of L'd Loudoun. I lately have a L'r frora His L'd'p with the raelancholy News of Os wego's being taken by the French — a Loss y't raust be very griveous to these Colonies, as it takes from us the Com'd of the Lakes, great qua't'y of Amunit'n and Provis's lodg'd there, and I wish it raay not withdraw the Six Nat's of Ind's from our Int't, for they are like more polite Nat's, ready to join with those they think the strongest. His L'd'p did not write me by w't misconduct we lost y't important Place, but no doubt he has wrote the Particulars thereof home. He says, if properly sup plied with Levies, he does not doubt being able to wrest it out of y'r hands, and proposes me earnestly to supply him with Re cruits to corapleat the Royal Amer'n Regira't under his imediate Com'd. On Receipt of his L'r I imed't'ly call'd the Ass'y to form a Law to facilitate the rais'g of Men agreeable to his L'd'p's Request. Inclos'd I take the Liberty of send'g You my Speech to 'em and y'r Addresses to me, by w'ch You may 520 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. observe the Teraper they are in. They are now sitting, and I shall continue ray earnest Solicitat's with them to do w't be comes now absolutely necess'y. The Ship y't carries y's being ready to depart, will prev't ray giv'g You an Acc't of the Issue of ray Applicat' ns, but shall, by next, write You more fully. Fly'g Parties of the Enemy continue harass' g our Front's, but as I have order' d a string of Forts to be built, I hope we shall be able to keep 'em at a distance, but am of Opin'n they will continue Y'r Murders and Robberies till an Expedit'n is form'd to attack and drive 'em from the Ohio, w'ch I have represented to L'd Loudoun in the strongest raanner. I sent an Officer and So Artificers and Labourers to construct a Fort in the Upper Cherokee Co'try, which is finish'd to the satisfact'n of those People, and they have engag'd to send in hear 400 of Y'r War riors to protect our front's and to go out ag'st the Enemy. The retain'g of these People in our Int' t is an essential piece of Service at y's Time, as the Fr. have been long endeavour' g to get 'em frora us. L'd Loudoun's arrival so late in the Year, and I fear he did not find the Affairs of the Array in such good Order as probably he expected, I fear will prevent his doing much y's Fall, but provid'g Aff's in the Winter Mo's to begin the Cam paign by taking the Field early in the Spring, I hope will have the desir'd Effect by giving 'em a Blow before any Reinforcem'ts can come from France, w'ch I presume. Endeavours whl be made by a Squadron of Ships at Nova Scotia to prev't Sup plies. I think my Lord is sensible of ray Inclinat'n and Res- alut'n to do every Th'g in my Power, tho, I am in a bad State of Health, being seiz'd with a Paralitic Disorder y't g-ives me great Uneasiness. I hope Y'r L'd'p will excuse the Length of y's L'r it gives me satisfact'n to write You the Occurrences here. I wish they were raore agreeable, yet I doubt not next Sumer wih afford a change in our Affairs. I rera'n with grateful Re spects and dutiful Regards. R't Hon., Y'r L'd'p's most o'b'd't and faithful h'ble serv't DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 521 GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO JAMES ABERCROMBY. Sept'r 24th, 1756. Sir: My last to You was the 24th July, to w'ch be ref'd. The 23d July, L'd Loudoun arriv'd in N. York, from whora I rec'd a L'r. He imed't'ly went up to Albany. I fear he did not find the affairs of the Array and Garrisons in so good Order as he had reason to expect. I ara told im'd't'ly on arrival he sent 500 Men to Oswego, and the succeed' g Week, or in ten Days after, he sent Gen'l Web with 1,000 Men more, but did not come in time to relieve y't Place, w'ch was besieg'd by the Enemy, and to my great surprize. Concern and Confusion, I rec'd a L'r from my L'd the 20th Ult'o y't the import' t Fortress of Oswego was taken by the eneray. The Loss is Monstrous, as it Com' d'd the Lakes and had a large Qu'ty of Amunit'n of all Sorts and great deal of Provis's, all w'ch with the Vessells on the Lake is fallen into hands of the Enemy. A greater Misfortune c'd not have happe'd to these Colonies.' The Method it was surrender'd and given up. No doubt his L'd'p writes fully. He wrote rae to supply hira with Recruits for the Royal Americans. I im'd't'ly call'd the Ass'y, who are now sitting, to consider the raost eligible manner to raise Levies. His L'd'p arriving so late in the Sum'r, makes me apprehensive y't he will not do much y's Carapaign. The Provincials from N. Eng. and the other Colonies, to the No. of 7,000, had march'd towards C. Point. They are afflicted with sickness of Body, and by Enthusiara, refus'd join'g the Regulars, but were resolv'd to take C. Point by 'emselves. Surely the Knowledge of Arms does not come by Inspirat'n. These Distract' s I fear will retard any Th'g of Consequ'ce being done y's Year. I wish they may be properly prepar'd in the Winter Mo's to begin the Camp'n early next Year. I am really concern'd to think of the Success ofthe Fr. on y's Cont't, w'n I consider the No. of Men we have in comparison with theirs, but our People being always in Peace till now, they are timorous, and the most dastardly set of Mortals I never saw, and I cannot, with ah my Argum'ts, rouse 'em from y'r Supine's. I hope L'd Loudoun will spend some of the Winter Mo's 522 dinwiddie papers. here. If y's unlucky Aff'r does not prev't, probably his Orders and Presence may be of great Service. I ara sincerely wearied and in a bad State of Health, entirely owing to Confinem't in giv'g the necess'y Intelligence from Tirae to Tirae, and Direct's to our Regira't. I have lately been seiz'd with a Paraletic Disorder y't reaches ray head, and gives rae a good deal of Concern. I do not think it proper to write for Leave to go horae before I see L'd Lofi- doun, but really ray Health requires it. The tak'g of Minorca gives me much Concern. It's probable the Fr. wih restore it to Spain on y'r Promise to engage in y'r Favo. The Squadrons of Dutch, Sweed and Danish Ships of War go'g to the Medeteran'n gives room at y's Distance of many different Conjectures. I wish we raay be properly preserv'd frora the different Machinat's of the Enemy. I think I have confirm'd the Catawbas and Cherokees to our Int't by buhd'g 'em a Fort in the Upper Cherokee Co'try' w'ch sh'd have been done by So. Caro. two Years ago. They have prorais'd rae 400 of y'r Warriors, w'ch I daily ex pect to our Assist'ce, and will be of much Service on our Front's. Excuse ray writ'g any raore at y's Tirae. I send You my Speech to our Ass'y, y'r Address, &c. I am. Sincerely Y'r F'd and h'ble Serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL WASHINGTON. Sept'r 30th, 1756. Sir: Last Night I rec'd a L'r dated the 23rd frora Alex' a, not signed; by it's purport I believe it is Yours. Jenkins' delay prevents lay'g any Th'g before the Ass'y, as they were pro rogu'd the Morn'g he arr'd. I am of Opin'n You may enforce the Articles of War, the same as those in the B. Establishm't, y't with tenderness as the Exigency of Aff's may require, and the no Crimes but Mutiny and Desert'n are ment'd in the Act of Ass'y, yet other lesser Crimes are to be punish'd by a C't Martial or the Com'd'g Off'r, agreeable to the Act of Parliam't. dinwiddie papers. 523 You have frequently corapl'd to me of the Situat'n, &c., of F't CumbTd, and I have wrote You how disagreeable it was to me to give up any Place of Strength, as it w'd raise the Spirits of the Enemy, and at [the] same tirae suspect us to be in fear of 'em; and, therefore, if y't Place c'd be sustain' d with Safety tih L'd Loudoun gives Orders therein, I sh'd be glad, but as You are on the Spot, and You think it very prejudicial to keep y't Fortress, I desire You may call a Council of Officers and con sult whether most advisable to keep it or demolish it; if the last. You must take Care to have all the Amunit'n, &c., bro't to Winchester and destroy every Thing You may conceive can be of any Ser[vice] to the Eneray. This Aff'r is now left tothe Deterrainat' n of a Council of Off's, and I now desire You to be very explicit in Y'r Argura'ts on the Head, as they raust be laid before L'd Loudoun. I was always averse to small Gar risons on our Front's, as they in Course divide our Men into Small Parties, but You know the Ass'y were so fond of 'era y't they pass'd a Law for y't purport, and I can't, at pres't alter y't Determinat'n. If Jenkins had ret'd to ray expectat'n some th'g of w't you offer sh'd have been laid before the Ass'y. You know the Difficulty of rais'g Men here. L'd Loudoun, by Orders frora H. M'y, has directed rais'g of Men here to help to compl't his Regim't of Royal Ara's. The Ass'y have voted Mo[ney] for y't Ser., but where to get the Money I know not, tho' several Persons are now eraploy'd in diff't Parts of the Co'try on y't Service. There are no Rangers now in Pay, as the Fund is exhausted y't was voted for y't Ser. One-Third of the Mhitia frora Augusta and some from the other Counties Contiguous have been ordered out for protect'n of y'r front's, but they are such a dastardly set of People y't I am convinc'd they do not do y'r Duty, w'ch is the reason of the late Invas'n there. They have neither Courage, Spirits or Conduct. I have frequently wrote ab't the tiphng Houses at Winchester, and de sired the Court to Suppress 'em; if they do not, w'n y'r F't is finish'd. You must suppress 'em of Y'r Self for Ser. of the Gar- ris'n. A Chaplain for the Regim't I have recomended to the Comissary to get one, but he can't prevail with any Person to accept of it. I shall again press it to him. All I can do can't prevent the People entertain' g and protect' g Deserters, and if properly inform'd, sorae of the Magistrates are guilty. It's a 524 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. growing Evh and too general. I appl'd for a short Law to prev't driv'g of Cattle out ofthe Colony, but the Majority ofthe Ho. was ag'st it. Jenkins sh'd be paid and ch'd in Y'r Acc't of Contingencies. Surely the Co'try can't expect me to pay it. I suppose You will think it necess'y to have some Person to ride from y's [place] to You w'th Acc't of Occurrences, and it's a matter indiff't who the Person is. You are to send me a distinct List of Y'r Regim't, every Off's app' tra' t and Pay, or any other allowances they may have, with the No. of Men in each Co'y, sign'd by you and the other Field Off's, to be trans mitted to the Earl of Loudoun; the sooner You supply me with y's the better. The Invas'n in Augusta I had Acc't of some time ago, and gave such direct's as I tho't proper on the Oc- cass'n, but very little dependence is to be put in the Militia. The copy of a L'r frora Williara Armstrong brings agreeable News, if confirmed. I suppose the Detachm't ment'd in y't L'r was frora Pennsylva' a. The Cherokee Ind's are not yet come in, but daily expected; it's s'd there whl be 400 of 'em. I wish they were now in Augusta, and if they, with some of our Forces, w'd proceed to the Ind'n Towns, I think [they] might be of rauch service. I can't Acc't for Y'r Delay in cora'g only y't naturally they are lazy and must be hurr'd as to y'r slow march'g. I am rauch hurr'd. and, therefore, rera'n, Sir, Y'r h'ble serv't GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO THE EARL OF LOUDOUN. Oct'r 6th, 1756. R'T Hon.: My last to You was the Sth Uh'o by Ex's, to w'ch I beg [you] to be ref'd. I y'n wrote You I had suni'd the Ass'y to raeet the 20th, w'n I press'd 'em earnestly to consider our pres't situat'n on the Loss of the import' t Fortress of Oswego. Inclos'd I trouble You with ray Speech to 'era and y'r ad dresses to me. I endeav' d much for a Draught from the Mhitia to compleat the Regim't of Royal Americans, but c'd not pre vah [they] being greatly ag'st draught'g. They voted ^8,000 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 525 to be p'd to rae to enlist Men for y't Regira't and to transport 'em to N. York. I imed't'ly eraploy'd several Persons to enlist Men accordingly, and am in hopes of succeeding, having three Days enlisted 20 in Town and I have sent to several Parts of the Co'try for y't Service. Y'r L'd'p propos'd send'g some recruiting Off's to take Charge of the Men w'n enhsted, but none as yet appear, tho' greatly wanted; however, I shall do all in ray Power to raise them and deliver 'era over to the Off's You raay think proper to send, and whether You will order the Men rais'd here to be sent to Albany, or where else You may Direct. The Prohibit' n on exportat'n of Provis's frora y's was much compl' d of as all the No'ern Colonies have taken off y't restrict' n and as we had upw'ds of 40,000 bushels of Ind'n Corn of former Year's Crop on hand, the Counch tho't it advisable to take off the Prohibit' n otherw's y't Corn w'd have been a total Loss, and I am per swaded Y'r Ex'cy will think if the Prohibit' n is not gen'l in all the Colonies, it will not answerthe design propos'd in prevent'g any Supphes to our En's, and if the No'ern Colonies lay the Prohibit' n so absolutely necess'y at y's Time, it shall be im'd't'ly laid here, as the Power of doing so is lodg' d with the Gov. and Counch. I therefore pray Y'r Direct'n herein. Co. Washing ton, who Com'ds the Regim't in pay of y's Domi'n has wrote me several L'rs in reg'd to F't Curab'l'd, y't whereas the In habit's have aband'd y'r Plantat's for near 50 M. below y't F't, he says the support'g it with Provis's is attended great Risque frora fly'g Parties of the Eneray intercept' g y'r Con voys, and further says y't 2 or 300 of the En'y whl be sufficient to take y't Fort, and he has reason to beheve they intend very soon to attack it; he therefore desires Orders to transp't all the Amunit'n, &c. to F't Loudoun, w'ch is at Winchester, and w'ch he conceives will be our Frontier. I wrote him I was greatly ag'st leav'g any of our Forts, as it w'd encourage the Enemy, and at same Time make 'em conceive we are in fear of 'em, but [I] sh'd be glad [if] we c'd supp't and maint'n it till Y'r L'd'p arrives here, or till I receive Y'r Com'ds; but three Days ago I had a L'r from him y't he thinks it wih be too late to wait for Y'r L'd's Orders, as they are inf'd of a strong Party intend' g to besiege 'em, and y't they are not weh supported to maintain a Siege hav'g only 170 Men at y't Fort, the rest of the Regim't 526 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. being stationed at other Stockade Forts along our Front's and at such distances y't they c'd not soon be collected in a Body, and at same time if drawn from the other Forts they must leave the Front's greatly expos'd. On his several L'rs, I wrote him last Friday to call a Council of Off's and consult if it can be maint'd for y's Winter, or if they tho't it absolutely necessary to abandon it. If the last was the result of the Counch, I order'd him to transp't ah the Amunit'n, &c., to F't Loudoun and to demolish every Th'g he consider'd c'd be of any Service to the Enemy. I hope y's Step wih meet with Y'r L'd'p's Approbat'n, as I verily believe the En'y will make a strong Effort to take it, and if they succeed, the stores therein will be a monstrous Loss. These So'ern Colonies are in a very bad Situat'n, hav'g neither Artihery, Engineers, or experienc'd Officers to direct Aff'rs on any Eraergency. The vast Trouble and Fatigue I know Y'r Ex'cy raust have to the No'w'd made me tender in press' g Y'r Assist'ce with proper Persons, &c. Agreeable to my Duty, I tho't it necess'y to lay these diff't Aff's before Y'r L'd'p, and shall at ah Times be attentive to Y'r Com'd's. With Deference and due Respects, I rem'n, R't Hon., Y'r Ex's most faithful and ob'd't h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO GENERAL ABERCROMBIE. Oct'r 6th, 1756. D'r Sir: Hav'g occas'n to send an Ex's to the G'l, I c'd not shun troubl'g you with y's to enquire after Y'r Health. I am heartily sorry y't his L'd'p did not raeet with the Aff's of the Army in so good Order as he probably had reason to expect, and the Loss of Oswego so soon after his arrival, before he c'd reinforce it, must give hira great Concern, as it does every Person y't wishes well to H. M'y and his Dom's. For my Part, it affected me in a most sensible manner. I am en deavour' g to raise Recruits for the Royal Americans, and I hope his L'd'p wih send some Off's to receive 'em. I fear it's too DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 527 late to do any Th'g considerable y's Season, particularly ag'st C. Point. The Fr. have engag'd many ofthe Ind's, but I hope the Loss of Oswego will not be attended with the Loss of the Six Nat's, w'ch w'd be fatal indeed. I w'd gladly hope the So'ern Ind's are in our Int't. I daily expect a No. ofthe Cher okees to join our Forces, to protect our Front's. I am in a very bad State of Health, and transact Business with much Difficulty. I have lately been seiz'd with a Paralitic Disorder, w'ch affects my Head and gives rae great Concern. I sh' d have wrote for Leave of Absence for sake of my Health, but I suspend it in hopes of seeing L'd Loudoun y's Winter, with whom I propos'd to consult, being sensible, he can't take Charge ofthe Gov't on him while he Com'ds the Forces, and I was very unwihing to do any Th'g in y't with't his Approbat'n. Pray write me ifl may expect the Happiness of see'g hira and You here after the Forces are canton'd in Winter Q'rs. I wrote You the Sth Uito., w'n I recora'd a West Ind'n to You, one Jno. Wilson. He probably whl wait on You. His Father is a worthy good Man and pro poses; if his Son behaves weh, to purchase hira a Lieutenancy. The News of Minorca's being taken irad't'ly after Oswego, gives great Concern. Have You any Informat'n of the No. of Fr. in Canada? I fear 'em much more numerous y'n was expected. I beg Pardon for intrud'g on Your tirae, w'ch raust be thorowly engag'd, but if a spare Minute or two You c'd write rae, it w'd be greatiy acceptable, and .believe rae to be, with great Sincerity and Truth, Worthy Sir, Y'r most ob'd't h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE'S CHARGE TO THE GRAND JURY. Oct'b'r i6th, 1756. Gentlemen of the Grand Jury : It is establish' d by long Custom that something sh' d be said to You from this Place before you enter on the Discharge of Y'r Duty as Grand Inquest for this Dominion, to which you are now appointed, and I with Pleasure embrace the Opportunity of publishing the Satisfaction I feel on your Appointment as of 528 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. Gentlemen Equal to the Important Trust. To be tried by Juries is the pecuhar Felicity of British Subjects, and I can depend on You Gentleraen, as far as your duty extends, to support the Reputation and to maintain the Credit this distinguishing Char acteristick of our happy Constitution. I know 'tis customary on these Occasions to enumerate the various Offences which are to be the Object of your Enquiry, but the difference between Right and wrong is so obvious that it's eashy to be distinguish'd by Gent'n of your Capacity and good Sense. All Offences against our God, our King, Country and the Laws thereof, under these Heads, I think, are included all Offences that are to be presented by you to the Court. And I have no doubt but you will, in Consequence of your Oaths and the Confidence I have of your Probity and good Sense, irapartiahy enquire into and justiy present to the Court all such that dare offend against our God, our King, our Country. May we continue also to relish the Happiness we possess, may our Gracious Sovereign prolong these Blessings to us, and let us venture to indulge this pleasing Expectation. His Majesty's paternal Care is equally extended to all his Subjects, his Atten tion to their Welfare is proportion'd to their Distance and Necessities. And, as we are now surrounded with Enemies on our Borders, it is our Duty carefully to maintain good Order and Peace within. And now, Gentlemen, without destaining You any longer, I dismiss You to your Enquiries. [GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL WASHINGTON. Oct'r 26th, 1756. Sir: I rec'd Y'r L'r frora Augusta, and observe its Contents. The behaviour of the Militia is very unaccountable, and I am con vinc'd they are under no Com'd. I order'd part of the Mhitia to the Front'r and there to rem'n thi reliev'd by others, w'ch I propos'd sh'd be done in a Monthly mann'r, and so to be cont'd by a proper Retal'n, instead thereof, they go and corae at y'r DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 529 own Pleasure, and many of 'em come here with large Dera'ds as if they had done the Duty order'd in a proper manner; they area dastardjy set of People and under no managem't or Dis ciphne, much owing lo y'r Officers who I fear are httle better than the private Men. In ray last I desir'd You to call a Coun cil of Officers in regard to F't Curab'l'd, and, if tho't absolutely necessary, to disraantle y't Fortress' and bring the Araunition, &c., to Winchester. Since y't I have a L'r from the Earl of Loudoun dated from Albany the 22nd of Sept'r in w'ch is the fohow'g Paragraph: " And do hope and trust y't the Govern ment of Virginia whl not suffer the Post of F't CumbTd to be wrested from them. I can't also but highly approve Y'r Measures of buhd'g a fortified Magazine at Winchester, such may not only be of use to the pres't defence of His M'y's Dom's but may be of the greatest Service w'n ever H. M'y's Arms shall have Opp'ty of act'g in y't Quar." From w'ch You may observe his L'd'p's great desire of retain'g F't CumbTd; therefore, notwithstand'g my former Orders, if You and the other Gent'n Off's think it can be maintain'd with safety, I shall be glad, w'ch must sthl be left to Y'r Consultat's. In the meantime, if agreed on to be maint'd, I desire You may be bring'g w't of the Amunit'n You raay think proper to Winchester. Y'r last L'r frora Winchester came to my Hands the Day the Assembly broke up so y' t I c' d not lay before 'em the Requisites cont'd therein. I have two Exp's now with my L'd. Thi they ret'n I am lincert'n of his com'g here y's Winter, and I fear the Off's of Oswego wih de tain him. I have sent two Drums to Alexandria. The Soldier's Cloath'g is expected in a Month's Time. I have been much out of order and Confin'd to my house y's Fortnight, y't I write y's with Pain. I rem'n. Sir, Y'r most h'ble serv't. 530 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL STEPHEN. Octo. 26th, 1756. Sir: I rec'd Y'r L're ofthe i6th, and note the Contents. I shah be glad if You have confirraed the News in regard to the Strength of the Eneray at Fort Du Quesne; however that may be, I de sire you whl be on y'r guard ag'st any Surprize, and endeavour all you can to get the best Intelligence and make sure use thereof as yo. may see proper and can rely on, and continue y'r ex perienc'd Discretion and Resolution to defeat and Repel all the Machinations and Attempts of the Enemy. In the present Juncture, when we've no hopes of Aid from the Cherokees, it w'd be unnecessary to make any Application to the other Colonies for Assistance to desire 'era to join in an Atack against fort Du Quesne, w'ch I'ra convinc'd they w'd not give any Notice to. I wish it had been propos'd sooner, as yo. are cer tain there is not Grass sufficient for the Horses necessary for such an Expedition. I thank you for the L're w'ch gave me Pleasure to see yo. write w'th so much Spirit and good Sense, but I suppose on serious Considerat'n on the pres't Situat'n of Aff's in these Colonies, with the disappointm't from the Chero kees, that w't yo. propos'd is impracticable. Pennsylva' a Forces are confin'd to the Protect'n of y'r Front's, and I don't hear that M'yl'd has done anything to the Purpose. I've been much out of Order and confin'd to ray Ho. for some Time. I wish yo. Health and Success in all Y'r Operations, and am, S'r, y'r most h'ble serv't. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO COLONEL BUCHANAN. Nov'r ist, 1756. Sir: Yo. are to call the Capt's together of Y'r County that have any Demands from the Publick for Service done by the Militia. You are to swear each of 'em to their Acco'ts that it's justly due y't the Men in each of Y'r List actuahy discharg'd the Duty DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 531 mention'd; y't they were constantly on Duty; that they were never absent, but if absent from their Duty at any Time a De duction, in Course, must be taken from each Acco't, to w'ch they must swear to the particular Times and Days of their Ab sence. You are to observe ah those that march'd out w'th less than 40 Men; the Officers are to be paid but half Pay— viz., the Capt's 5s. ^ Day, Lieut's and Ensigns in the sarae Proportion. The Provisions Suphed must also be swore to and Vouchers for the Delivery of the same, and take due notice that the Charges for Provisions are reasonable and at the Curr't Price in the Co'ty. Yo. are to take Receipts on the back of each Capt's Acco't what Yo. pay 'era, and transmit the sarae to me. I must observe the Charge of the Mhitia of Y'r Co' ty have been more Charge to the Country than all the others together, and I ara convinc'd there are very great Irapositions, w'ch I expect you'l enquire into and endeavour to detect and adjust thera. Yo. have my War rant on the Treasurer for ^^2,500. You must pay me ^200 I lent Capt. Dickeson for y'e Paym't of his Company. Capt. Breckinridge^''* had ;^200, and Colo. Stewart ;^200, for w'ch they must Acco' t with Yo. It was given to pay some of the Militia on the Application of old Mr. Wilson. As I foresee a good deal of trouble in sethng those Acco'ts, I desire Capt. Peter Hogg to be assisting to You therein. I therefore recom end Y'r sumoning the different Capt's to meet Yo. at Vass's fort, where Capt Hogg is, and Yo. may employ a Cl'k to attend Yo. and to put the whole into a regular Form. Frora the Affa- davits I've seen, I think Capt. Sealy deserves to be depriv'd of his Pay. Your Care and diligence in the transactipns of these Affairs is expected, and You shall be paid for your Trouble. I rem'n, S'r, Y'r most h'ble serv't. P. S. — Capt. Kennedy, from the affadavits, I think, forfeits his pay, as he has done no Service and refus'd marching on an alarra. ™Capt. Robert Breckinridge. He served in the Sandy Creek Expe dition of 1756. Removing to Kentucky, he married in 1783, Laetitia, daughter of John (the emigrant) and Elizabeth (Patton) Preston, and widow of Colonel John Floyd, and founded the distinguished Breckin ridge family of Kentucky: He was the first representative from Jeffer son county to the first Assembly of the State of Kentucky, which met in 1792, and was chosen Speaker of the House of Representatives. 532 DINWIDDIE PAPERS. GOVERNOR DINWIDDIE TO LORD LOUDOUN. Oct'r 28th, 1756. Right Hon'ble: I am hon'd w'th y'r L're from Albany of 22nd Sept'r. I think the Acco'tt I sent Y'r L'd'p of our Inhabitants, Militia and Negroes, is as near to the Truth as may be. I have endeavour'd to have the Military Law in force here, especially now in the Time of War, but the Assembly c'd not be prevah'd on, and the present is so diffident that our Militia are in bad Order and not under Com'd and Restrictions. What w'^th Desertion and Sickness, the Regim't in this Country's Pay is greatly reduc'd. Enclos'd You have the last return. The Officers being much seperated at different Coraands, they sent it rae unsign'd, but I believe it is right. Besides the Regim't there are upw'ds of 400 of the Militia ranging the frontiers. Since recp't of y'r L'd'p's L're I wrote Colo. Washington, if possible with Safety, to keep up fort Cumberland and protect it frora falling into the Eneraie's hands. When I receive his Answer I shall comunicate it to Yo. The Forts in this Country are quite ruinous, and I cannot learn that any Cannon, &c., have been sent from horae to this Dorainion since King James's Time, excepting the four-Pound'rs mention'd in ray L're to You. I am convinc'd Y'r L'd'p cannot spare any Men at pre sent for the Southern Provinces, and I wish You may have Success in preventing any further Intursions of the Enemy on the Northern Colonies, but I hope you'l be well reinforc'd for next Campaign. I'm raising what Men I can for the Royal Araericans, and I have eraploy'd People in diferent Parts of this Dominion on that Service. I wish some recruiting Officers were sent here. I aply'd for one-twentieth Part of our Mhitia, but to no Effect- As they are mostly free-holders, they insist on their Priviledges, and can't be perswaded voluntarily to join in Arms for the Protection of their Lives, Liberties and Properties. One Thousand of the Arms included in the Store-keeper's Acco't transraitted Yo. were sent me from Boston in a very rusty Con dition, and it w' d appear they had been under Water for Months. I've employ'd Smiths to clean and put 'em in the best Order they can. One Mr. Cha's Dick aplies to me for paym't of DINWIDDIE PAPERS. 533 Money due to a No. of poor People for Supphes to the Expedi tion under the direction of Gen'l Braddock. Mr. Shirley order'd Comissary Leak to pay all the Demands on that unsuccessful Expedition in Pennsylvania, which was esteem'd a hardship on the poor People here. As their Demands were smah, it would haye consum'd the whole to go to Pensylvania to make their Demands. They employ'd Mr. Dick, but the Comissary (as he says) refus' d paying him. He, therefore, prays me to assist him in procur'g Paym't, w'ch is the occasion of giving y'r L'd'p this Trouble. Mr. Dick has the Character of a very honest Man. I trouble you with his L're and Acco't to me, artd if you see proper to order me, I shall pay the Balla. in my hands towards his Debt, w'ch I believe is just, and I shah take Care if I pay him to have Vouchers for the several Demands. Major Lewis is return'd from the Cherokee Country and brought in only 7 Warriors and 3 Women. He is apprehensive that the French from Mississippi have had Influence with the Creeks, Chicasaws and Choptaws Tribes of Indians to take up the Hatchet ag'st the English, and that some Runers from the Creeks were come am'g the Cherokees and made great disturbances. I send You Copy of his L're and Inforraation, but as it's from an Indian, I w' d gladly hope it will be contradicted. W 144, 197, 277, 287. 332. 358, 377. 410, 4i9> 435, 466, 521, 545, 577, 601, 620, 650.- Appointed Agent of the Council, I, 237. His salary, 408. Men tioned, I, 102, 210, 235, 248, 254, 301, 390. 493, 495, 515 ; II, 401, 722. Acadian Frencfi, sent to the South ern Colonies, with notice of, II, 2fi8. Number of, 342.. Tamper with negro slaves, 396, Sent to England, 396. Cost of transpor tation of, 444; Mentioned, 280, 294, 306, 360. 362, 379, 380, 408, 410, 412, 417, 462, 478, 538, 544. Accokeek iron furnace, I, 386. Accomac county, Va , I, 115. Tith ables of, II, 352. AcKERLV, Samuel, a spy, II, 683. Adams. I, 441. Samuel, II, 260. Addison, I, 19. Eleanor, I, 13. John, Hon., I, 13. Rebecca, I, 13. Thomas, Hon., I, 13. Adjutants of Virginia Districts, I, 41, 49, 107, 316, 353, 387, 390, 435; 11,132. Pay of, 1,290. Dr. Thomas Walker appointed one of the, for the Western frontiers, I, 412. Admiralty, British, orders from, II, 487. Letter from Gov. Din widdie to, 54. Affleck, Rebecca, I, xxii. Agent of Virginia at London, 1, 37. His charges and gratuities, 138. James Ambercromby appointed, 237. Salary of. 352. Albany, New 'York, Convention held at, in 1754, 1, 13, 81 ; proceed ings of, 81, 99. Plan of union of Colonies proposed by, 254. Trea ty with Indians at, 141 ; meeting with at, 215, 216, 257. Albemarle county, Va., I, 7 ; II, 95. Tithables of, 352, 392, 405. Albemarle, Earl of, Wm. Anne Keppel. Biographical sketch of, I, 208. Letters from Gov. Din widdie to, I, 208, 247, 282, 333, 497. Mentioned, 485, 506 ; II, 5, 6, 415, 434. Death of, 3. Alexander, Archibald, Capt., in Sandy Creek Expedition, I, xii. Alexander, II, 79, 153. Gerard. I, 88, 156. James, II, 26. John, I, 88, 156. Robert. I, 88, 156. William, General, Lord Sterling. Biographical sketch of, II, 23. Letters from Gov. Dinwiddie to, 23, 39. Mentioned, 45, Alexander & Livingston, Letter from Gov. Dinwiddie to, II, 45. Mentioned, 23, 44. Alexandria, Va, formerly Beltia- ven. Historical notice of, I, 88. French prisoners sent to, 313. Council of Governors held at, II, 10. Altegfiany, orthography of, I, 255. Allegfiany Mountains, I, 6, Allegtiany River, I, 143. Allen, Lieut, I, 551 ; II, 69. William, Chief Justice of Pen sylvania. Biographical sketch of, I, 16. Allen, Wm., merchant. Letter from Gov. Dinwiddie to, in ref erence to supplies I, 455, 502, 517, 523 ; Biographical sketch of, 455; II, ix, 313. Mentioned, I, 478, 501 ; II, 128. 728 GENERAL INDEX. Aliwegi Sipee. Delaware name for Archbold, Ensign, II, 69 river Ohio, I, 143. Argyle, The second Duke of, his Allummapus, a Delaware chief, portrait, I, 208. I, 17. John Campbell, Gen., fourth Duke Ambrosures or e-mbrasures II, 585 of, II, 6. Amelia county, Va. Officers of Wm. Cavendish third Duke of. company from, II, 157. Titha- Biographical sketch of, II, 6. bles of, 352. Arm bands and wrist bands as pre- America, State of British, cotonies sents to the Indians, IL 672. in, II, 349. Armistead, I, 14; II ; 104. American Crisis, The, I, 16. John, I 507. American Historical and Literary Arms, referred to, i, 22, 40, 53, 61, Curiosties, cited I, 190. 67, 70, 83, 86, 88, 89, 90, 93, 100, American Historical Iiecord,\,yi\\ . 102, 106, no, in, 116. 120. Want American Medical and Phil. Regis- of, 242. Sent from Va. to New /sr, cited II, 232. England; 11,142. Regularity of American Philosophical Collec- bore of, proposed, 344. tions, cited II, 23. Armourer of Va. Salary of, I, 390. A'merican Philosophical Society, I, Armstrong, Wm., II, 504. 16; II 23 Arnold's invasion of Va., II, 336. Amherst,], Gen., afterwards Lord, Articles of JVar, I, 107, 109. II, 79, 293, 425, 629. His regi- Artillery, referred to, 152, 170, 286, ment, the 15th Foot, I, 113. 429, 447, 451 ; II, 49. 52, 69, 74, Amherst county, ''Va.. II, 45 260. 107, 119, 127, 170, 180, 263, 344, Aminunition, referred to, 1,90, 116, 409, 441, 446. Long train of, al- 120, 129. Want of, 220, 233, 261. leged cause of Braddock's de in the colony of Va., II, 344. feat, 180. Amyard, Claudius, Notice of, I, Ashe, John. Biographical sketch I, 376. of, I, 122. Mentioned, 124. Anderson, ,Dr. His loss at the John Baptista, I, 122. Meadows, I, 240; II, 8. Samuel, Gov. of N. C, I 122. Henry, Capt, II, 157. Ashley, Capt., II, 155, 234. Andrews, Robert, Prof i, 23. Assaragua, Indian name of Gov. Annandale, I, vii Dinwiddie, I, 223. Annapolis, Md., II, Governor Din- Assembly of Va. Messages from widdie confers with Generals Gov. Dinwiddie to, I, 24, 73, 291, Braddock and Shirley there on 302,356,380; II, 20, 30, 94, 134, plan of military operations, 11,4. 361, 403. Refuse to send Com- Anne, Queen. Proclamation to missioners to the Albany Con- settlers in 1712, 1, 6. Mentioned, vention, I, 99. Appropriations of, 208; 11,250,568. for defence. 1,77, 297, 303,369; Anson Burgh, II, 468. II, 82, 397 ; for recruiting Royal Anson county, N. C. I, 64; II, 468. Americans, 524; for Trade with Anson, Lord Admiral, II, 78. Bio- Indians. 533. Send Address of graphical sketch of, II, 468. Thanks tothe King, 190. Refuse Thomas, II, 468. to send Commission to the Con- ^//sa/j. Instructions regarding the vention at New York, 357. Ad- granting of legal, I, 491. dress the King, 440. Applegarth, I, vii. Association of Volunteers from Appropriations for defence, Mary- Lunenburg county. Va., II, 558, land. New York and North Caro- 589, 597. lina, II, 3. By Va. See Assembly. Association of Volunteers from Arbuthnott, Capt. of the Gar- Williamsburg, Va.; 11,402. Notice land. 1,429, 438, 451; II, 124, 01,411,423,427,439,481. 127, 260, 280, 288, 357. (Arrives Atkinson, I, 441. in Va. with French prizes), 370, Atkin, Edmund. Agent of Indian 429.438, 468, 601, 607, 616, 632, Affairs in the South. Mentioned, 637, 651, 673, 677, 679. II, 539, 577, 617, 618, 623, 628, 635, Capt-Lieut. of the of the Keppel, 641, 644, 652,654, 659, 669,673, II, 288. 683, 689, 694, 700, 707, 710, 7x3, 715. GENERAL INDEX. 729 Atkin, Edmund. Letters from Gov. Dinwiddie to, II, 640, 645, 656, 671. Attakutlakulla, or Little Carpenter. Biographical sketch of, I, 267. Mentioned, 268. Attorney -General of Va. Salary of, II, 72. Auchterloney, Lieut., II, 583, 586, 597, 598. Auditor of Va. Salary of, I, 390. Aughquick, I, 148. Augusta county, Va. Savage inva sion of, I, xii, 154, 305; II, III, 179, 22o> 290, 314. Tithables of, II, 352. Peyton's History of, cited, I, xxiv. Autyfardte, I, xxiv. Bacon's Rebellion, II, 351. Badges, or medals, for the Indians, I 189. Bahama Islands, I, 70. Baillie, I, vii. Baker, Lieut., II, 63. Baldwin, I, 9. Balfour, II, 568, 676. Ball, I, 14. Matthew Dulaney, Col., I, 14. Mary, the mother of Washington, I, 115. Sarah, I, 115. Balornoc, I, xxi, xxii. Baltimore, Jane, Lady, I, 13. Lord, I, 10, 13. Baltimore, Md., I, viii, 14, 462. Baltimore, The, Capt. Edward Ran dolph, I, 414. Bancroft, I, 13, 19. Banff county, I, 38. Banister, John, Col., II, 688. Barbadoes, II, 467, 494, 511. Barber, Wm., I, xxvi. Barclay, II, 687, 708. "Barn Elms," II, 375. Barr, II, 153. Barrett, Robert, Rev., I, 4. Barrington, Sam'l, of the Nor wich, II, 5. Biographical sketch of, 160. General, II, 65. John, Lord, II, 160, 290. Bath county, II, 401. Bat-men, II, 626, 636, 654. Bay of Fundy, II, 293. Bayard, N., I. 6. Baylor, II, 411. John, Col. Biographical sketch of; alleged possessor of MS. of letters of Junius; letter to from Gov. Dinwiddie, II, 103. 47 George, Major, II, 104. John Roy, M. D., II, 104. Baxter, George, Rev. D, D., II, 3-^6. Beale, John, I, 95. Beall, II, 152. Beard, John, II, 400. Bedford county, Va, I, 44. Militia from, II, 109. Mentioned, 159, 589. Tithables of, 352. Forts in, 482. Bedfordshire England, II, 7, 106. Beaubassin, II, 293. "Bedford," Va., II, 106. Bedford, Elizabeth, Duchess of, 11,6. Bedford, Francis, fifth Duke of, 11,6. Bedford, Gertrude, Duchess of, 11,6. Beef and Pork, exported from Va., I, 386. Prices of, 479, 488 ; II, 40. Soldiers' rations of^ I, 416, 439; II, i8. Brought from Ireland, II, 165. Beely, II, 248. Bees- Wax, annual exports of, from Va., I, 386. "Belair," I, 11. Belcher, Andrew, I, 68. Jonathan, Gov. of N. J. Bio graphical sketch of, I, 68. Let ters to from Gov. Dinwiddie, I, 68, 82, 392, 457 ; II, 24, 44, 128, 208, 312, 399, 448. Belhaven or Alexandria, I, 88, 177, 450, 490. Belle Isle, II, 251. Battle of, II, 5. Bell, Capt., II, 242. Belle Riviere or River Ohio, I, 143, 225. "Belvoir,''' I, 21. Bennet, 'Anna, II, 688. Richard, Gov., II, 688. Bentley, II, 652. Benton, I, 9, II, 153. "Berkeley," II, 242, 722. Berkeley, Sarah, II, 375. Wm., Sir, I, 89. Bermuda, I viii, xviii. Berner, II, 555. Bertie county, N. C, II, 205. Beverley, I, xxvi. John, II, 350. Margaret , I, 156. Robert. Historian of Va., I, 156. Robert, Major, II, 350. William, Biographical sketch of, II, 350. Death of, 374. "Beverley," Yorkshire, England, II, 350. 730 general index. Big Kettle, an Indian chief, 1, 191. Bills of Exchange, I, 136. "Birth of Hercules," a Mask, I, 70. Bishop of London, I, 410. Letters from Gov. Dinwiddie to, in refer ence to the law of induction, and recommending Rev. James Ma rye, II, 161; relating to the affairs of the Church, and William and Mary College, 695. Black, Wm. His Journal kept in 1744, edited by R. A. Brock, I, 6. Blacker, B. H., Rev., Editor of Gloucestershire Notes and Que ries, I, 16. Blackley, I, 471. Blacksburg, Va., II, 153. Blackwood's Magazine, cited, 1,467. Bladen, Anne, I, 13. Martin, II, 269. Nathaniel, I, 13. Priscilla, I, 14 ; II, 376. William, Commissary-Gen., 1, 13. Bladensburg, I, 14. Blair, I, 9, 471. Harrison, Miss, II, 336. James, Rev., Commissary of Va., I, I, 166 ; II, 696. John, President of the Coun cil of Va., I, xvi, I, 24, 165. No tice of, 166. MS. Diary of, I, i, 146. Mentioned, 370 ; II, 336, 590. Letters from Gov. Dinwiddie to, II. 591, 595. 596, 597- John, Jr., I, xvi. Biographical sketch of, 166. Mentioned, II, 336. Blagg, John, Lieut. Biographical sketch of, I, 423. Mentioned, II, 399, 401, 592, 716, 718. Blanchard, John, I, 342. Bland, Anna, II, 688. Elizabeth, II, 351, 688. Frances, II, 688, Jane, II, 688. Mary, II, 688. Reuben, Col., II, 351. Roger, II, 688 Theodrick, CoL, of " Berkeley," II, 688. Theodrick, Col. Letters from Gov. Dinwiddie to, II, 687. Bio graphical sketch of, 688. Theodrick, Jr., Col., II, 688. 688. Bland MS. Laws of Va., cited I, 388. ^'Blandfield," II, 351. Blankets for soldiers, I, 150. Sup plied New York and South Caro hna troops by Va.," I, 217. Bledstone, Aaron, Capt., II, 712. " Blenheim.," I, 463. Bloody flux. The, II, 130. Blount, Peggy. Her portrait, I, 208. Blue Ridge Mountains, I, 273. Board of Admiralty, I, 104. Board of Trade, I, 156, 157. Boby, The. II, 600. Bolling, Drury, II, 688. Frances, II. 688. Bombs, I, 242. BoMEiSTER, Edwin L., Mrs., 121. Borland, Francis, Biographical sketch of, II, 412. Jane, II, 412. John, II, 412. Leonard Vassall, II, 412. Borrege, Anne, II, 166. Boscawen, Edward, Admiral. I, xi. Biographical sketch of, II, 78. Letters from Gov. Dinwiddie to, 105, 160, 276. His victory over the French fleet at Brest, 494. Mentioned, 121, 124, 125, 128, 129, 257, 264, 284. Hugh, Viscount Falmouth, II, 78. Boston, Mass., I, 68, 114. Boston, Mem.orial History o/", cited II, 412. Botetourt county, Va., I, 113 ; II, 336- Boundary, between Mass. and Rhode Island, 1, 69 ; between Va. and North Carolina, I, 9, 412; II, 95, 376, 589 ; between Va. and Pa., I, 22, 123, 354. Western, of Md., Pa., and Va., I, 96, 108. Bounty for enlistment, I, 258. Bounty lands to volunteers, 1, 18, 22. Bouquet, Henry, Col. Biograph ical sketch of, II, 629. Men tioned, 629, 631, 632. 635, 641, 650, 664,674,704,705,717. Letter from Gov. Dinwiddie to, 703. Boush, Master of the Bobby Good ridge, II, 408. Boutwell, 7"Af5'Aa//o^, John White, Master, II, 392. Bowles, I, 13. Gen., I, 13. James, I, 415. Bowyer, II, 153. Boyd, C. R., I, 282. Alexander, Paymaster, II, 80, 81, 86, 122, 150, 640, 644, 656, 669, 683, 684, 694, 716, 723. Letters from Gov. Dinwiddie to, 85, 685, 721. general index. 731 Boylston, John, Capt. of the Con cord, II, 70, 74. Brabaham, a race-horse, I, 13. Braddock, Edward, Gen., I, xi. Biographical sketch of, 511; march of troops, 166. Defeat of, xii, xix; II; 98, 105, 113, n6, 214, 220, 273, 406,. British regulars, 116, 120, 122, 178. No. of forces of, 119. List of killed and wound ed, 130, 162. His death, 221. Letters from Gov. Dinwiddie to, I, 517, 571, 595, 596, 597- Edward, Maj.-Gen., I, 511; II, 77, 81. Fanny, Miss. Her tragic death, I. 511- Braddock's Field, 467. Brand, II, 153. Brandon, Duke of, II, 6. "Brandon," James river. Gallery of portraits at, I, 208, 242. "Brandon," Middlesex county, Va., II, 350- Brandywine, Battle of, 1, 113 ; II, 23. Brant, The Mohawk chief, II, 11. Molly, II, II. Braxton, Anna, I, xxvii. Carter, II, 722. George. Biographical sketch of, II, 722. George, of "Newington," II, 722. Mary, II, 722 Brazier, F., I, xxiii. Sarah Harrison, I, xxiii. Breast-Plates, Silver, given as badges of amity to the Indians. II, 190. Breckinridge, I, 9 ; II, 153. Robert, Captain. Biographical sketch of, II, 531. Breda, Congress of, II, 652. Brent, II, 104, 153. Briggs, David, II, 349. Brinker, II, 700. , Bristol, I, xvi, xxiv. Bristol Parish, Slaughter's His tory of cited, I, 441. British grants, to the American colonies, I, xvi ; II, 722 ; to Va., I, 353, 366, 371 ; II, 60, 276, 422. British regiments, requested by Gov. Dinwiddie, I, 242, 367, 371. Arrival of, I, 453. Broadnax, I, 441. Brock, R. A., I, xiv. Edits Jour nal of Wm. Black, 6 ; Spotswood Letters, xxiii. Bronaugh, Ann, I, xxiii. Elizabeth, I, xxiii. Bronaugh, Jeremiah, I, xxiii. John, I, xxiii. William, I, xxiii. William, Captain. Biographical sketch of, I, iu. Mentioned, II, 149. Bronaugh, Wm., Lieut. Biograph ical sketch of, I, 319. Brooke, II, 153. Eleanor, I, 13. Mary, I, 13. Robert, Major, I, 7. Robert, 1, 13. Broughton, Nathaniel and Alex ander, II, 77. Broun, Major, T. L., I, 282. Brown, I, 9. Anne, I, 16. Captain, from London, II, 449. Jacob, Capt, II, 95. Presson, I, 16. Brunskill, John, Jr., Rev. Tried for immoral conduct, II, 695. Brunswick county, Va., II, 109. Tithables of, 352, Bryan, Capt, I, 270, 277. George, I, 23. Buchanan, Admiral, I, 14. James, Col., I, 268. James, President. His descent, I, 268. John, Col. Biographical sketch of, I, 268. Mentioned, II, 199, 488, 489, 490, 492, 502, 537, 566, 569, 589, 719. Letters from Gov. Din widdie to, 154, 493, 530, 681. James, of Mark Lane, London, II, 359, 717, 721. Death of, 723. Jane (Sayers), I, 268. Messrs., of London, II, 723. Buckner, Quartermaster, II, 37. Buffaloes, sent to Gov. Dinwiddie, II, 219. Buffalo creek, I, 377, 393. Buffalo river, I, 351. Bull, Wm., of South Carolina, I, 62. Bullen, Capt, II, 646. Bullett, Capt. Thomas, I, xii. Gallantry of, 8. Mentioned, 9, 446. Biographical sketch of, 320, II, 309, 401, 460. Burnbay, I, xxiii. Bunker's Hitt, II, 260. Burd, James, I,_ 114. Burdett, I, xxiv. Burgesses of Virginia. Addresses from, to Gov. Dinwiddie, I, 28, 29, 37, 43, 44, 55, 71, 72, 78, 100, 114, 115, 139, 140, 141. t6o, 166, 732 general index. 235, 294, 296, 359; II, 31, 138,256, 257. 365, 378, 518, 615. Send mace-bearer and forcibly take in custody members ofthe Council, II, 403. Messages from Gov. Dinwiddie to, I, 24, 30, 37, 39, 41, 44, 45, 48, 73, 75, 76, 77. 295, 296. 360 ; II, 32. In reference to ad vances and supphes, 34, 40, 52, 69, 134. 136, 138, 253, 361, 365, 380, 369, 616. Dissolved by Gov. Din widdie, II, 274. He complains of their republican way of thinking, I, 100. Burke's Landed Gentry, I, xxiv. Burney, Thos., a messenger, 1, 171, 398, 427, 452. BURRINGTON, GoV., I, 122. Burwell, II, 153. Carter, II, 91. Lewis, I, 2, 24. Biographical sketch of, 417. Mentioned, II, 258, 374, 377- Death of, 41. "Bush Hill," I, 10. Bute, Eari of, I, 84 ; II, 7. Butter as rations. I, 521. From Ireland, II, 166. Buttermilk. Fort, II, 622. Butts, II, 242. Bybee, II, 153. Bying, John, Admiral, II, 490. His defeat at Minorca. Biographical sketch of, 511. Mentioned, 512. Byrd, Ursula, II, 351. William, the emigrant, II, 351. William, Colonel, second of the name. Formed gallery of por traits at "Westover," I, 9, 24, 208. His portrait, 208. West- over, MSS. of, 387 ; II, 356, 376. William, Col., third of the name, I, xix, 14. Letter from Gov. Din widdie to; biographical sketch of, no. Commissioner to the Cherokee Indians, II, 283, 292, 298, 301. His Lottery of Rich mond lots, II, 40. Byron, John, I, 84. George Gordon Noel, Lord, 1, 84. Cabell, II, 153. Cadder Parish, I, vii, xxii. Caen, Normandy, I, 63. Caermarthen, Marquis of, I, 84. Caius College, II, 104. Calcraft, II, 667. Calender, Robert, 1, 453, 489, 519 ; II, 36, 40, 64. California Island, I, 381. Callaway, James, II, 109. Richard, Capt, II, 109. Callaway, William, Capt. or Col. Biog. Sketch of, II 109. Letters from Gov. Dinwiddie to, 109, 211, 582. Call's Va. Reports, cited, I, x. Calvert, Charies, II, 213. Cambridge, Catharine Hall, I, 410. Cambridge, University of, I, 65; 11,6. Cameron, II, 34. Baron, I, 19. Colonel, II, 401. Camm, I, xxvi. John, Rev, I, 4. Campbell, I, 9 ; II, 153. Adjutant, of the Va Militia, I, 290. Alex. Hume, Hon, 1, 30. Colin, Major, II, 109, 132, 167 ; letters from Gov. Dinwiddie to, II, III. General, I, xix. Henry, II, 423. John, Gen,. 4th Duke of Argyle, 11,6. John, 4th Earl of London, I, xii. John, of North Carolina, II, 661 ; letters from Gov. Dinwiddie to, 205. Katherine, I, xxvi. Camperdown, II, 160. Canada, fof ces of, II, 71. Cannibalism ofthe French, Alleged, II, 453. Cannon, I, xxiii, xxv. Edith Harrison Ashmore, I, xxiii, xxv. Elizabeth, I, xxiii, xxv. Grandison, I, xxiii, xxv. John L, I, xxiii, xxv. Cape Breton, or Louisburg, I, x, 70, 286, 473 ; II, 15, 79, 105, 166. Charles, II, 507. Comfort, I, 380. Fear, N. C. Its society in 1774, I, 122. Finisterre, II, 78. Francois, II, 675. Henry. I, 381. Light-house at, 145 ; II, 577. Capitol at Williamsburg. Rebuild ing of, I, 145. Carderoc, I, xxi. Carlisle, Pa., I, 49 ; II, 647. Carlyle & Dalton, II, 291. John, Major and Commissary, I, 53. Instructions, 54." Men tioned, 55, 83, 89, 90, 106, ni, 112, 149,' 131, 200, 222, 224, 230, 233. 234, 281, 263, 269 270, 289, 297. 315. 321. 4", 419. 425. 434, GENERAL INDEX. 733 441, 445. 459,460, 490, 509, 510; II, 20. 35, 42, 47. 50, 75, 96, 187, 201, 249, 279, 191, 316, 326, 333, 563. Letters from Gov. Dinwid die to, I, 150, 209, 231, 264, 322, 329, 424, 431 ; II, 97. Carlston, II, 166. Caroline county, Va., 1, 407 ; II, 103, 106. Tithables of, 352. Caroline, Queen, I, 208. Carr, Wm. B., I, xxvi. Wm. Phihips, I, xxvi. Carriage wheels taxed, I, 156. Carribee Islands, I, xxviii ; II, 65. Carrington, II, 153. Paul, Judge, II, 153. Carroll, I, 14. Daniel, II, 169. Carryl, Wm., II, 179. Carter family chart, I, 463. Carter, II, 153. Anne, II, 241. Anne (Hill), II, 102. Betty Landon, II, 376. Charles, I, 418; II, 91. Charles, of Lancaster county ; biographical sketch of Letter from Gov. Dinwiddie to, II, 301, 167. Charles, of " Shirley," 1, 463. Edward, of "Blenheim," I, 463. Ehzabeth (Hhl), I, 463 ; II, 101. John (the emigrant), II, 101. John, " Secretary." Biographical sketch of, I, 463. Judith Armistead, II, loi. Landon II, 91. Mary W., II, 102. Robert, " King," I, 14, 418, 463 ; II, IOI, 241, 351, 375, 396, 722. Robert, "the Councillor," I, 14; II, 375, 442. Biographical sketch of, 376. Robert, of " Corotoman," I, 14. Robert, of "Nomini," I, 14; II, Robert R. (Capt. C.S.N.), I, 463: II, 102. Sarah (Ludlow), II, loi. Carteret county, N. C, I, 136. Carteret, John, Earl Granville, I. 136. Robert, Earl Granville, I, 136. Cartridge paper, I, 220. Carthagena Expedition {Cartha gena la Nueva, on the Spanish Continent to the east of the Gulf of Darien), I, 2, 125, 376, 404 ; II, 78. "Castle Hill," Va., I, 412. Catarague Fort, II, 339. Catawba river. Three forks of, II, 489. Cathcart, Chas. Schaw, ninth Baron. Letter from Gov. Din widdie to. Biographical sketch of, II, I. William Schaw, tenth Baron of, II, i. Cattle, Price of II, 25. Cary, Jane, II, 202. Wilson Miles, I, viii. Ceculer, Cornelius, I, 518. "Ceelys," I, viii. Celeron, Commandant, I, 95. Centurion, The, II, 5, 160. Chambers, Eliza R., I, xxviii. Champlain, Lake, I, 281 ; II, 18. Chalm.ei's' Annals, cited, I, v, viii, xi. He commends administra tion of Gov. Dinwiddie, xv ; tes tifies to the valor of the Va. troops, xix. Chaplain for the Va. regim,ent, II, 523. Charles City county, II, 202. Tith ables of, 352. Charles River county, II, 375, 591. Charles Town, S. C, I, 212; II, 70, 305, 459. 555. 602. Charlestown, W. Va., I, 282. Charles I, I, xxiii, 10. Forts named in the time of, II, 342. Charles II, I, 46, 386. Charles Edward, Prince, I, 466. Charlotte county, company from, II, 156. Charlotte, Queen, II, 468. "Chatham," I, 266. Chatham, Wm. Pitt, Earl of, 1, 244 ; II, 52. "Chatsworth," II, 292. Chelsea, II, 102. Hospital, II, 166. Cherry Stone creek, I, 507. Chesapeake Bay, II, 597. Chester county. Pa., I, xxi. Chesterfield county. 'Va., I, 381 ; II, 652. Tithables of, II, 352. Chesterfield, Lord, II, 71. Chew, II, 684, 701, 707. John I, 156. Mary, I, 156. Robert Biog. sketch of, 1, 156. Chicheley, Henry, Sir, II, 375. Chichester, I, 14, 410 ; II, 5. Chiswell, Col., I, 386. Chegnuto, II, 60, 293. Chiningue, Indian name of Logs- town, I, 6. Choate, Rufus, I, 211. 734 general index. Chote, I, 267, 273 ; II, 202, 390, 394, 444. King of, I, 132. Chotank, I, 441. Christ Church parish, Va., II, 350. Philadelphia, Pa., I, 501. Chronicle, London, cited, I, xix. Church Papers of Va., Perry's, cited, I, 411. Churchill, II, 349. Claiborne, Augustine, Col., II, 242. Mary 'Herbert,' II, 242. William, "the Rebel," Col., II, 242. Clagett, I, 14. Clare, Earl of, II, 6. " Clarem.ont," I, 14. Clarendon's Civil Wars, cited 1, 347. Clarke, Charles, Hon., on use of the mace in the colonies, I, xiv. Thomas, Capt. of Independent company from New York, I, 200, 213, 218, 233, 245, 262, 269, 271, 314, 350, 393, 429- Claus, CoL, II, n. Clay, I, 441. Clayton, II, 104. "Cleasby," Yorkshire, England, II, 686. Cleland, I, 168, 399, 408, 468. John, Sec'y to the Board of Ad miralty, II, 54. Letter from Gov. Dinwiddie to, 358. Clergy, The, how amenable I, 384. Address the King, I, 411. Cleveland, John, I, 104. "Cleves," II, IOI. "Clifton," II, 242. Clifton, 'England, I, xvi xviii, xxii. Clothing for Soldiers, 1,92; needed, 232; supplied the Independent companies from New York and South Carolina by Va., 285. Men tioned, 287, 399, 410, 411, 413, 416, 433, 444, 446 ; 'match coats" 460, 479,520; II, 12, 25, 57; cost of suits of, 59, 80, 124, 185, 187 200, 206, 279, 326, 407, 481, 574. Cocke, Thomas, Capt., I, xix. Bio graphical sketch of 271. Men tioned, 435, 446 ; II, 155. William, Capt, I, 231, 270, 320, 421, 466 490. Letters from Gov. Dinwiddie to, 322, 397, Cochran, II, 153. Cochrane Correspondence, cited, I, xxiv. Codfish as provisions, I, 458, 468 ; II, 47. Coffer, Stephen, 1, 117. Coggkshall, I, IOI, 129. Cohorn, I, 126, 129, 159. How named, 248. Coinage, British, proposed for Col onies, II ; 302. Coining, misapplication of the term, I, 357. Coins, scarcity of, II, 341, Coldstream Guards, II, 14. Coleridge, S. T., I. 467. Colhoun, Alex., Dr. Biographical sketch of, 1, 245. Mentioned,. 262, 280 ; II, 9. Letter from Gov. Dinwidde to, 8. Collectors of the Va. Custom,s, II, 597- College of Philadelphia, I, i6. Collins, Anthony, I, 410. Colonies, Plan of Union of, 1, 8; want of unity among, 203, 206, 285. Coltman, Lieut., II, 69. Columbia, I, 10, 17, 22. District of, I, xxv. Columbia, or King's College, II, 23. Co'mm.erce, The, Capt. Randolph. Co}nm,ercial Gazette, Pittsburg, Pa , cited, I, 255. Comm.issary and Clergy of Va., commend the administration of Gov. Dinwiddie, I, 360 Com.missary of the Bishop of Lon don, I, 20 ; II, 163. His salary, I, 390. Commissaries to the Va. troops, I, 53. 231, 439 448, 474- Commissioners to the Cherokee In dians, II, 283, 2S5, 298, 334, 335, 395, 408. Concord, II, 260. Conecocheague, I, 426, 521 ; II, 80, 89, 166, 201, 283, 395, 4S3. Congaree, The, II, 125. Connecticut, troops from, II, 26. Conoger, II, 326. Conotaucarius, the Indian name of Washington, I, 222, 243 Convention, at New York, II, 311, 328. Convefition of Southern Colonies, proposed by Gen. Shirley, II, 245. Cook, Geo., I, 212. Cooke J., Rev., II, 652. Coopers, negro, I, 421. Cope, John, Sir, I, 446. COPELAND, II, 153. Copper mines, I, 387. Corbin, Anne, II, 375. Francis, agent of Lord Granville, I, 136, 248, 283, 372, 407 ; II, 33. 275-Gawin, I, 494. general index. 735 Corbin, Gawin, of " Buckingham" House, II, 723. Henry, I, 494; II, 375. Richard, Col., patron of Wash ington; secures his commission as Lieut.-Col , I, xvi. His son Gawin the protegd of Gov. Din widdie in England, I, xvi; 11,723. Biog. sketch of, II, 57. Mention of, I, 24. 156, 190, 390, 703. Let ter from Gov. Dinwiddie to, II, 721. Corcoran, Wm. W., prese-nts the Dinwiddie Papers to the Va. His torical Society and contributes to the cost of publication, I, v. Corn, exported from Va ; price of, I, 386. "Corotoman," Va., II, loi. Cornwallis, Edward, Hon., II, 64, 293- Corrono Foxso, Cherokee chief, I. 133- Cottrell, Thos., II, 95. Council of Virginia. Mention of, I, I, 24, 37, 50, 135. Its agent in England, 210. Addresses to Gov. Dinwiddie, I, 8, 27, 36,42, 77, 292, 390; II, 136, 364, 378, 515, 613. Duties and prerogatives of, 1, 385. Pay of members, 358 ; pay of clerk, 390 ; pay of Pres ident as acting Governor, 484. At variance with Gov. Dinwid die, 255. Messages from Gov. Dinwiddie to, I, 24, 30, 37, 41, 42, 72, 76, 77, 295, 356, 358 ; II, 31, 137. 255, 256, 364, 516, 614. Disputes as to precedency of members ; II, 350. Vacancies in, 374- Counterfeiting, held as treason in Va., I, 36. County Lieutenants, Instructions to, II, 404. Courts of Virginia, I, 383. Admiralty, province and consti tution of, I, 384. County, Hustings, General, pro vince of each, I, 383. Of the Bishop's Commissary, I 383- Courts Martial authorized by the Assembly, II, 326, 381. Minutes of a, held at Winchester, II, 399. Death penalty passed by, II, 401, 423- Cox, 1, 447. Capt., II, 506. Craig, Isaac, On the orthography of Alleghany, I, 255. Major, I, 123. Craig's History of Pittsburg cited, I, 6. Craig's Olden Time, cited, I, 12, 19, 22, 23, 95, 467. Cragie, Margaret, I, xxv. Craighead, II, 153. Craik, Ensign, II, 69. Geo. Washington, I, 115. James, D. D., L.L. D. I, 115. James, M.D., Biographical sketch, I, 115, 171, 319- Cramond, I, xxvi. Crawford, I, 192. Capt, II, 139. Miss, II, 109. Creah, Master of Sloop Hopewell, I, 212. Cresap, Michael, Capt. His mem ory maligned by Jefferson, I, 10. Thos., Col., Biographical sketch of, I, 10. Letters to, from Gov. Dinwiddie, 106, 185. Takes ctiarg:e of French prisoners, 185. Mentioned, 186, 189, 449, 510. Cresheim. and Crefelt, Palatinate of, 1,86. Cromwell, I, 432. Betty, Lady, her portrait, I, 208. Crosby, Lieut., II, 69. Crown Point, or Fort Frederick, I, xx, 527 ; II, 17, 33- 61, 197, 208, 216, 328, 334 355- Armament of, 339. Cucuvetuc, a Shawanese village, II, 241. Culloden, battle of, I, 208 ;' II, 166. Culpeper county, Va., II, 167, 252, 382, 506. Tithables of, 352. Culpeper, Catherine, Lady, I, 19. Lord, I, 19. Cumberland county, Va., II, 242. Tithables of, 352. Cumberland fort, I, 112; creek, I, ix. Cumber land, Duke of, I, xix, 466, 494 ; 1, 1, 98. Fort named in honor of, I, 241 ; II, 662. Cumberland, Md., II, 241. Cumming Family Arms, I, viii. Cumming, I, vin, xxi. Ehzabeth, I, viu, xxii. Matthew, I, viii, xxi. Sarah, I, viii, xxii. Cummings, II, 153. Cunningham, Aid to Lord Lou don, II, 456. Cunningham, William, II, 392. Wm., & Co., I, 418. 736 general index. Curracoa Island, I, 386. Currency, of Pennsylvania, account of, I, 423. of North Carolina, 1, 126, 138, 232; of Va., II, 91, 92, 266, 355, 415, 418, 464, 670. Not acceptable to British mer chants, 347. Currituck Inlet, I, 381. Custis, Daniel Parke, II, 375. Bi ographical sketch of, 375, 442. John, II, 375- Custom-s, Commissioner of British, I 21. Cutlasses, I, 159. Dagworthy, John, Capt. Asserts his precedency in rank, II, 261, 291, 309' 3", 318, 326. 329, 345, 606, 636, 638, 654, 659, 669. Ely, II, 261. Dalry, I, 470. Dalrymple, John, Capt., 1, 269, 280. Biog. sketch of, 286 ; II, i, 2, 4, 18. Dancing-Master, I, in. Dandridge (Washington), Martha, II, 375- Dangerfield, I, 14. Mary, II, 668. Darby, II, 153. Darlington, II, 271. David II, of Scotland, 1, 470. Davidson, II, 242. Davis' Revisal of N. C. Laws, cited I, 232, 466. Davies, Rev. Samuel. His patri otic appeals, I, xxii, 15. Prophe cy regarding Washington ; Ser- m,ons, cited, II, 157. Davison, John, I, 174. Dawson, Thomas, Rev., Commis sary, I, 4, 24; II, 590, 591, 695. Dean, Ensign, II, 241. Dear, II, 655. D'Arcy, Amelia, Lady, I, 84. Robert, Earl of Holderness. Biog. sketch, of, I, 84. D'Antin, Marquis, I, 477. Death penalty for desertion, II, 422. DeBoeuf River, II, 16, 18, 33. DeBow's Review, cited, I, xxiii. Debtors, Act of Assembly in rela tion to, II, 22. DeButts, I, 14. DeHaas, Wihs., I, 95. DeKeyser, Ensign, II, 317, 326. DeLaClue, II, 79. DeLancey, James, Gov. of N. Y. Biog. sketch of, I, 65. Letters from Gov. Dinwiddie to, 65, 79, 83, 116, 141, 143, 216, 259, 309, 393, 429. 430, 456, 517 1 II. 22, 38, 89, 129, 174, 663. Mentioned, I, 97, 99, 134, 145. 158. 244, 364, 429, 450, 473 ; II, 36, 661, 690. Oliver. Biog. sketch of, II, 39. Mentioned II, 39, 89, 260. Letters from Gov. Dinwiddie to, II, 39, 331-Susannah, II, 39. DeLisle's maps, I, 102. DeLongueil, Baron, I, 17. Demerie, Paul, Capt Mentioned, I, 521; II, 20, 75, 508. Biog. sketch of, II, 9. Letters frora Gov. Dinwiddie, 656. Denny, Wm., Gov. of Pa. Biog. sketch of, II, 500. Letters frora Gov. Dinwiddie to, 500, 547. Derby Park, I, 13. DeRosset, Lewis, I, 232. Deserters, from the Colonial troops, I, 268, 289, 348, 417 ; II, 254, 316. Go to the Indians. 453. Act of N. Y. Assembly in regard to, 478, 506. Penalty in Va., for har boring, 524, 584. Death penalty of, 584, 635, 654. Hung, 684, 693, 701. From British regiments, II, 66, 260, 332. From the French, I, 192, 229. Des Meaux, II, 153. Dettingen, Battle of, I, 84, 208 ; II, 166. Deyarmond Andrew Stuart, I, xxviii. Eleanor, I, xxviii. Elizabeth I, xxviii. James, I, xxviii. Mary, I, xxviii. Matilda D., I, xxviii. Richard, I, xxviii. Devon County, England, I, 136 ; 11^ 103, 376. Dick, Charles, Commissary. Biog. sketch of I, 405. Letters from Gov. Dinwiddie to, 418, 420, 431, 439, 442, 463, 479, 480; II, 150, 165, 182, 202. Commissioner, I, 436. Salary, 440. Mentioned, I, 424, 489, 505, 519, 521 ; II, 12, 13, 34, 36, 40, 186, 187, 200, 532, 536. Elisha C, Dr., I, 415. Dickinson's Fort, II, 622, 682. Dickinson, John, Capt., II, 218, 220, 504, 532, 566, 567, 678, 685, 899, 719. Col., II, 564. Dieskau, Baron, II, 10. Digges, I, 14. general index. 737 Dillard, James, Capt., II, 619, 620, 708. Dinwiddie county, Tithables of, II, 352. Dinwiddie, Fort, II, 241. Dinwiddie, Family Genealogy. I, xxi. Dinwiddie, I, vh, ix, xxu, xxiv, xxvi xxvii. Agnes, I, xxvii. Anne, I, xxvii. Anne Hamilton, I, xxvii. Christian, I, xxiv. Elizabeth, I, ix,xxiv, xxvi, xxvii ; portrait, I, ix ; epitaph, xxii. George, I, xxiv. Gilbert, I, xxvi. Gilbert Cragie, I, xxvii. Gilbert Hamilton, Gen., I, ix, xxvii. James. I, xxvi. Jane, I xxiv. Janet, I. xxiv. Jean, I, xxvii. John, I, xxiii, xxiv. Lawrence, I, viii, xxi, xxiv, xxvi, xxvii. Mary, I, xxvii. Mary Anne (King), I, x, xviii, xxii ; loans documents to the editor, ix ; II. 724- Matthew, I, viii. Rebecca Her portrait, I, ix. xxii, xxvi. Dinwiddie, Robert, I, xxii, xxvi, xxvii. Robert, Gov. of Va. Ancestry of, I, viii, xxi ; arms of, I, vii ; period of accession to the gov ernment of Va., I, viii; previous offices held by him ; his silver plate, viii ; discovers defalcation to the customs of Barbadoes.; merchant in London ;"-a]^^^rea Lieut.-Gov. of Va. ; arrives in the colony with his family ; warmly welcomed ; portrait of, I, ix ; addre.ssed by the au thorities of Williamsburg, and of William and Mary College, I, 3 ; his responses, 4. 5 ; dis covers irregularities and fraud in the patenting of land, x ; writes the Lords of Trade in reference to, and to the " pistole fee, " 362 ; takes measures to resist the encroachments of France ; his vigilance, zeal and activity ; his physical afflictions. xi ; commended by the Clergy and Assembly of Va. and by the British Ministry, xii, 357, 361 ; a shareholder in the Ohio Com pany, I, 17 ; proclaims bounty lands to volunteers, 18, 22, 96, 107,111, 115, 118, 124, 319, 471; writes Lord Fairfax, regarding the appointment of surveyors, 19, 21; builds fort on the Ohio on the present site of Pittsburg, Pa., 22 ; recommends friendly relations with the Indians, 26 ; his efforts tovvards this, 364 ; and for their enlightenment and religious in- instruction. II, 339; his instruc tions to Major Geo. Washington on the expedition to the Ohio river. I, 59; writes the several colonial governors recommend ing energetic measures of de fence, 64-84 ; proposes expedition to Canada 84; presses on the Brit ish ministry the importance of preparation and defence, 93, et seq. ; proposes frontier settle ments, 94, and aline of forts, 97; asks for troops from Britain, 99 ; complains of the " republican way of thinking" of the Bur gesses, 100 ; wishes military com mand of the Va. troops, 103, 410; orders uniform. 104; recom mends stationing men of war on the coast of Maryland and Virginia, 104; proposes plan of campaign to the British ministry, 122, 129, 145, 285 ; his just and careful expenditures in the public service, 141, 432; II, 34. 41, 50, 57, 165, 369, 333, 426, 444, 477; II, 307, 333, 721 ; his economy, care and system, I, 334, 444 ; his name given the Indian chief the Half King, I, 148; complains of infringement of his prerogatives by the Assembly, 157; complains to the Ministry of want of con cert in the colonies, 203, 206, 250, 304 ; proposes a general poll tax, 204, 248 ; his indistinct hand writing, 211 ; endeavors to recon cile disputes about rank between the officers of the colonial and In dependent companies, 213 ; com plains to Governors of the colo nies, of apathy oftheir severalleg- islative bodies, 2141?^ j^y,- requests arms and supplies from Great 738 GENERAL INDEX. Britain, 243, 248, 300, 305, 324; makes advances to Gen Brad dock, requests reimbursement, 248 ; asks an Act of Parliament to compel due assistance in defence from the colonies, 304, 382 ; II, 270 ; proposes to raise 10 com panies in Va., of 200 each, 355; requests two regiments and ord nance stores from Great Britain 365, 370, 372 ; proposes to reor ganize the Va. regiment into In dependent companies, 370, 372, 404 ; requests that the colonies be restrained from shipping pro visions to the French, 473 ; sends Gov. Glen, ;^i.ooo towards build ing a fort in S. C, 486; 11,24; lays an embargo upon the ship ment of provisions from Va., I, 526 ; confers with Gen. Braddock at Annapolis on plan of military operations ; II, 45 ; complains of the New England colonies sup plying the French with provi sions, II, 15 ; proposes to pay one-third of the expenditures, if Gen. Braddock should be suc cessful in taking Fort Duquesne, II, 69 ; insists upon another attempt after the defeat of Braddock, 113-128; complains of Col. Dunbar, 139 ; writes to the British Ministry for arms and ammunition, 139, 192 417; proposes a general poll and land tax for the Colonies, 341, and a British coinage for the same, 342 ; suggests the establishment of a colony beyond the Alle ghany Mountains, with religious freedom to the settlers, 343 ; or ders out the militia for frontier defence, 392 ; his salary paid him by Lord Albemarle, 534, 667 ; asks to be relieved from the Government because of feeble health, 580, 589, 600; goes to Philadelphia to consult with Lord Loudoun, 591, 597; pro poses there an aggressive policy towards the French, 602 ; returns to England with testimonials of his zeal, fidelity and self-sacrifice, from the Council and the Corpo rate authorities of Williamsburg, and charged with an address to Secretary Pitt, and the nego tiation of important measures for the colony, I, xiii ; II, 724 ; his administration a trying one ; his disputes with the Burgesses ; injustice done his character by historians ; his integrity and piety ; his patronage of learning and education, and sustenance of the Church ; his generosity to William and Mary College, I, xii ; presents the Borough of Norfolk with a silver mace, xiv ; his fidelity, vigilance and ability commended by Chalmers in his Annals, xv ; his kind reception by the British ministry, xvi ; his amiability, benevolence and in firmities, xvi ; his death, burial, bill of funeral expenses and epi taph, xvi-xviii ; obituary in the London Chronicle , xviii. Robert, of New York city, I, xvi. Sarah (Gartshorn), I viii. Thomas, I, vii. Dinwiddie To'wer, I, vii. DiNWlTHlE, Alleyn, I, vii. Discipline of troops, I, 109. Distances to warlike points, I, 69. District of Columbia. I, 89. Dobbs, Arthur, Gov. of N. C. Biog. sketch of, 1, 489. Mentioned, 90, 97. 233, 244, 287, 297, 304 307, 311, 314, 322, 348, 352, 355, 366, 436; II, 276, 305, 307, 331, 666, 673 Proposes a paper currency for the Colonies on land security, I, 467. Declines to furnish men for the Cherokee fort in S. C. II, 536. Letters from Gov. Din widdie to, I, 483, 487, 508, 515 ; II, 4, iS, 24 60. 90, in, 123, 181, 202, 235, 265, 280, 289, 333, 370, 382, 399, 442, 448, 458, 470, 490, 494, 511, 536, 546, 557, 5S8, 651, 661, 691. Conway Richard, I, 438. Edward Brice, Major, 1, 438 ; II, i8, 19, 20, 25, 61, 123, 1S2, 205, 382. Frances, I, 438. Mary, I, 438. Dobson, Capt., II, 222. Dodington, George Bubb, Lord Melcombe. Biog. sketch of, his character, and his Diary, II, 652. George, II, 652. Donald, I, 418. James, I, 418. Robert, I, 418 ; II, 492. Thomas, II, 462. William, I, 418. GENERAL INDEX. 739 Dorsetshire, II, 278, 652. Doublet, Mary, I, 84. Drake's Biog. Dictionary, cited, I, 459- Draper, I, 441. George, II, 505. John (his wife an Indian captive), II, 505. WUliam, Sir, II, 59. Draper's Meadow, II, 505 ; fort at, 503- Dreadnought, The, II, 78. Drogheda, Ireland, I, 438. Droughts in Va., II, 282, 420, 440. Druillon, I, i8o, 182, 184, 313, 490 ; II. 227. Complains to Gov. Dinviddie of harsh treatment, I, 225. Requests clothing, 227. French embassador complains in his behalf, II, 227. Letters to, from Gov. Dinwiddie, I, 227. Drums made in Va., I, 462. Drummers' pay and tuition, II, 185. Duane, James, II, 166. Duane' s Military Dictionary, cited, II, 626. Du Bois. Capt , I, 168, 274. DuBOSE, Mary, I, 400. Duer, Wm., Col.. II, 23. William A., II, '23. Dugdale, Lieut., II, 69. Duke, I, 412. Duke of Cumberland, man of war, Capt. Knowles, II, 268. Dulaney, Benj. Tasker, Col., I, 14. Daniel, I, 14. Rebecca, I, 14. Dumferline, I, 466. Dumfriesshire, I, vii. Dunbar, Thos., Col. Biog. sketch of, I, 469. Mentioned, II, 12, 58, 98, 120, 123, 124, 126, 127, 129, 130, 141, 143, 145, 147, 150, 155, 170, 181, 220, 231, 259. Com mands forces after death of Braddock, II, 117. Destroys pro visions at the Meadows, 142, 143, 145, 146, 147. Letter from Gov. Dinwiddie to, expressing pain at the defeat, and offering troops to aid in another advance, 118, et seq. Retreats to Philadelphia, causing settlers to desert their plantations, 139. Publishes justi fication, II, 231. "Dungenness," II, 95, 242. Dunk, Thomas, Sir, I, 100. Dunker, A, arrested, II 707. Dunlap, Capt., II, 719. Dunlop, Robert, I, xxi. DuNMORE, Lord, I, in, 113; coun ty named in honor of, 470. Dunwoody, Laird of, I, vii. DUNWOODY, I, xvi. Dupplin, Lord. II, 271. Duquesne de Menneville, I, 17, 49- Duquesne, Fort, taken possession of, and renamed Fort Pitt, I, xix. Early, Jeremiah, II, 109. Eastern Slioreof Virginia, recruits from, I, no, 482. Eastham, I, xxv. Robert, Col. Letter from Gov. Dinwiddie to, II, 209. Easton, Col., II, 305. Eaton, Colonel, II, 672. Thomas, General, II, 688. Edgecombe, Lord, I, 98; II, 269. Edinburgh, I, vii, 115, 470. Edmoston, II, 153. Edward's Fort, I, ni ; II, 387, 400, 622 Effingham, Lord, I, 46. Biog. sketch of, 146. Egle, Wm. H., M. D., I, xxiv. Egremont, Lord. His portrait, I, 208. Electra, a tragedy, I, 70. Elliott, Interpreter, II, 657, 672. Ellis, I, 14; II, 153. Charles, II, 96. Charles, Capt., II, 95. Charles, Col., II, 96. John, II, 95. Josiah, Major, II, 95. Margaret, K. (Nimmo), II, 96. Powhatan, II, 96. Richard Shelton, II, 95. Thomas Harding, Col., II, 96. Ellison, Robert, Col. Biog sketch of, I, 454, 456, 466, 474- Elizabeth City county, Va , I, 18. Tithables of, II, 352. Elizabe'ih, Queen ; forts in Va. armed in time of, II, 342. Elizabethtown, N. J., I, 115. .Klveston, Suffolk county, II, 5. Embargo on exports from ihe colonies, II, 49, 456, 498, 525, 596, 606, 618, 621, 623, 664, 679. Emperor of the Cherokee Indians, II, 310- Engineers, need of, I, 242 ; pay of, 258 ; requested by Gov. Dinwid die, 279, 286; II, 395; foreign, 435- 740 GENERAL INDEX. Enlistments in Va., I, io8. Erie Lake, forts on, I, 67, 95. Men tion of, 310, 351. Erving, John, Boston. Biographi cal sketch of. Letter from Gov. Dinwiddie to, II, 47, 381, 393, 527 ; II, 16, 18, 33, 70, 339. Essex county, Va., I, 7, 494; II, 351-375- Tithables of, 352. Estatoe, a Cherokee Chief. Let ter from Gov. Dinwiddie to, II, 550. Estis Thomas, Capt., II, 712. Eustace, Hancock, Capt., I, xix ; II, 399, 401. Eustis, Gov. of Mass., I, 70. Evans' map, II, 337, 377. Ewe, II, 35. EwELL, I, 14. Benj. S. Col., I, 14, 115. Charles, I, 115. Charles, Col., I, 115. Marianne, I, 115. Richard S., Gen., I, 14, 115. Sarah (Ball). I, 115. Ewing, John, I, 23. Exchange, rate of, I, 249 ; II, 59, 62, 275. Expedition to Canada, projected in 1746, I, 114 ; referred to, 172, 177. Expedition against the Shawanese Indians, in 1756, II, 278, 294. 296, 320, 355 ; return of, 382 ; suffer ings endured in, 382, 395, 397, 413. One proposed in 1757, 581, 582, 584, 589 ; abandoned, 592. Exports of Tobacco from Va., II, 623 ; Maryland and Va., II, 578 Expresses of Intelligence, II, 21 ; pay of, 24 ; cost to Va. of, 25, 55. Eyre, Littleton, Col. Biog. sketch of, I, 471. Mention of 482,507; letter to from Gov. Dinwiddie asking assistance in recruiting, 482. Severn, I, 507. Fairfax, I, x. Bryan, I, 21. Geo. Wm., Col., I, 271, 466 ; II, 115, 248, 250, 702. Letter from Gov. Dinwiddie to, 249. Henry, I 20. Isabella, I, 13. Sarah, I, 49. Thomas, 4th, Lord, I, 20. Thomas, 5th, Lord, I, 19, 82, 370, 385, 466 ; II, 35, 80, 84, 85, 90, 96, 97, 106, III, 114, 236, 386, 483. Letters from Gov. Dinwiddie to (regarding militia), I, 48, 82, (ap pointing him County Lieut, of Frederick county), 312, 465, 519; II, II, 83, 98, (regarding militia for defence of the frontiers) 107, 132, 155, 178, 252, 433, 483, 643, 701 ; his grants of lands, II, 351. Letter from Col. Washington to, II, 387- Thomas, 6th, Lord. Biog. sketch of, I 19. WiUiam, Col. Biog. sketch of, I, 21. Mentioned, 24, 49, 50, 51, 53,83.90. "o, in, 112, 177, 190, 213, 219, 220, 230, 265, 320, 397, 444; II, 155, 292. 326. 481, 561, 570. Letters to, from Gov. Din widdie, I, 108, 199, 224, 509 ; II, 96, 55>5- William Henry, II,' 694, 702. William, Sir, I, 13. Fairfax county, I, 14, 21, 115, 313; II. 236, 247, 252. Tithables of, 352, 382 ; militia from, 506, 643. Falla, James, master of ship Mar>- Guernsey, II, 679. Fal'mouth, Va. Notice of, I, 418; II, 392. Fame, The, Capt. Thaw, II, 346. Fanny. The, Malcolm Bowe, mas ter, II. 410. Fant, Edward, I, xxv. J. L., I, xxv. Farley, Geo., II, 157; I, xxv. Farrell, Joseph, II, 722. Fast, General, proclaimed in \'a., II, 697. Fauquier, Francis, Gov. of Va. Biog. sketch of, II, 723. Fauquier county, Va., I xxv. 14 ; II, 102. Felt, Lieut., II, 701. William, I, 16. Felons as soldiers, II, 178. Fent, Sergeant, II, 531, 635, (prisoner at Fort Duquesne). 638, 688, 670, 671. Fenwick Wm., II, 166. Ferguson, Duncan, a drummer, I, 471. Fever and ague, II, 490. Ficklen, Gustavus, I, xxv. Lewis I. xxv. Wm. Phillips, I, xxv. Field, John, Capt., I, xix. Fielding, II, 652. FiFTOE, Indian Chief, I-, 133. Fincastle county, Va., II, 153, 382. GENERAL INDEX. 741 Fines laid by county courts, I, 21. Finnie, II, 418. 431, 488, 490, 598. Alexander, Capt, I, 316; II, 392. Alexander, Rev., I, 316. Wm., Col., I, 316. Fisher, I, 334. Fitzgerald, Chas. Bevil, II, 66. Fitzhugh, Betty (Grymes), I, 266. George, I, xxiii. Henry, I, 418. John, I, 418. WiUiam, Emigrant to Va., II, 106. Wm., of '' Chatham,'' I, 266. Wm., Col. Biog. sketch of, II, 106. Letters from Gov. Dinwid die to, II, 106, 180; proposes to raise 5,000 horsemen, 180. Fitzpatrick, II, 675. Five Nations of Indians, I, 117. Flanders, I, 511. Fleming, M.D., Lieut., Wm. Biog. sketch of, II, 335. 699. Let ter to, from Gov. Dinwiddie, II, 335- Fleur de Hundred, I, 7. Floating battery, I, 452. Flour as provisions, I, 189, 199, 224, 257, 478. 502 ; ration of, 415, 416 ; price of, 220, 331, 439 ; from Pa., 214, 454. Floyd, I, 9. Floyer, Flayer, Hayer or Hoyer, II, 68, 69, 277. Fontaine, Francis, Rev., I, 14. John, de la, II, 589. Peter, Col., I, 582. Biog. sketch of II, 589. Mentioned, 677. Let ters to, from Gov. Dinwiddie, II, 619, 187, 708. Peter, Rev., II, 589. Fontenoy, Batlte of, I, 166, 511 ; II, 166. Forbes, John, Gen. His cam paign, I, 758. Biog. sketch of, I, xix ; II, 629. Ford, Edward, I, x. Foreign officers. II, 449. Forrest, I, 14. Douglas French, D. D., I, 15. French, Admiral, I, 14. Joseph, I, 15. Forrest's Sketches of Norfolk, cited, 1.416. . ^ .. Forts, chain of frontier, I, xn, 97 ; II, 343, 406, 434, 460, 479, 481. At Cape Henry, II, 344- At Great Crossing, II, 171. At Will's Creek, injudiciously lo cated, I, 424 513. Butter Milk, II, 622. Colonial, investment of, arma ment of, II, 339. Cumberland, or Mt. Pleasant, I, 112,494 ; 43, 43, 47, 49, 67, 68, 70, 74, 82, 86, 90, 96, 99, in, 113, 117, 119, 127, 133, 134, 139, 142, 147, 162, 170. 182, 185, 191, 205, 220, 230, 232, 233, (besieged) 235, (no tice ofj 241, 242, 243, 244, 248, 25.-1, 261, 290, 335, 384, 388 402, 407, 432, 460, 481, 484, (stores re moved from) 495, 523, 525, 529, 553, 554, 559- 563, 592, 604, 630, 638, 643, 644, 646, 654, 671, 676, 702.Dinwiddie II, 241, 316, 460. Draper's Meadow, II, 503. Duquesne, I, xix, 113, 169, 323, 351.467. 487; II, 119, 169, 233,336, 368, 382, 414, 421, 428, 491, 496, 617, 629 635, 638, 643, 644, 646, 650, 671, 676. Edwards, I, in ; II, 622. French, on the Mississippi, I, 62, 67; on the Ohio, I, 69. George, II, 342. Granville II, 496. In the Chickasaw country, II, 339. In the Cherokee country, I, 369, 484, 508 ; II, 24, 26, 28, 64, 282, 339, 382, 388, 389, 396, 397. 413. In the Creek country, II, 339. In Halifax county,, II, 590. In Seneca county proposed, 1, 260. Johnston, in N. C, I, 123. Lawrence, II, 292. Loudoun, II, 525, 559, 572, 616, 622, 633, 638, 642, 646, 650, 654, 663. Maidstone, II, 622, 654. Necessity, capitulation of, I, 51, 256 ; Stobo and Van Braam hos tages at, 51 ; loss at, 241 ; mention ed, in 113. 114, 193, 230, 237,239, 247. 255. 275,323.401. Oswego, I, 205, 213, 217, 478. 502. On James river, I, 387. On Monongahela. I, 120 ; surren dered, 147, 161. On York river, Va., II, 342. Pitt, I, 185, II, 629. Prince George, Duquesne or Pitt, I, 148, 151, 157, 158, 163, 168, 164, 165, 167, 201, 202, 205, 210, 272, 274, 273 ; notice of, 323. Stanwix, I, 113; II, 568. William Henry, II, 10,602, 686; fall of 690. 742 GENERAL INDEX. Fowke, Anne Harrison, I, xxv. Chandler, I, xxiv, xxv. Elizabeth, I, xxiii, xxv. Elizabeth (Dinwiddie), I, xxiv. Enfield, I, xxv. Gerard, I, xxiii. Gerard, Col., I, xxiii, xxiv. John, I, xxiii, xxv. Mary, I, xxiii, xxiv, xxv. Mary (Tassaker), I, xxiv. Robert, I, xxv. Roger, I, xxiii, xxv. Sarah (Burdett) I, xxiv. Fox, II, 104. Charles James, I, 244. Henry, Lord Holland, I, 201 ; biog. sketch of, 244 ; mention of, 290, 473, 599, 652, 662; letters to from Gov. Dinwiddie, I, 244, 280, 337, 498 ; II, 164 290, 372, 408, 412, 440, 461, 518, 538,577, 599. 652. 662. John, I, 4. Joseph, I, 516. Francis, Philip, Sir, MS. of letters of Junius alleged to be in his au tograph, II, 104. Franklin Benj., I, 6, 13, 16, 22, 82 ; II, 15, 23, 232, 240, 377 ; Postmas ter-General ; supplies horses, II, 41. Franklin Land Company, I, 86. Franklin, Pa.,1, 428. Franklin, Worcestershire, II, 510. Eraser, Lieut., I, 147, 149. Frasier, II, 115. Frasier' s, I, 169. Frazier, I, xxv, 74, 461. John, Lieut., Indian interpreter, I, xxv, 74, 79. 316, 413, 415. 445,464; II, 8, 20, 42 ; recommended for Adjutant, I, 289. Fredericksburg, Va., I, 9, 109, 386, 417, 418, 450 ; II, 167, 185. 592. Fredericktown, Va., early name of Winchester, I, 9 ; II, 41. Frederick comity, Va.,1. 19,49; II, 85, 108, 155, 167, 171, 433, 643, 709; tithables of, 352. Fredericksville , I, 386. Frederick, Md., II, 12. Frederick, Prince of Wales. II, 510, 568, 652. Freeman, John, Sgt, II, 95. Fremont, II, 153. French, I, 14. Elizabeth, I, 14. French, Aggressions of the, I, 382. Aggrandizing policy of the, I, xxi. Barbarities, II, 85. Forces on the Ohio, I, 210, 253. Forces in Canada and on the Mis sissippi, I, 340. Indian allies of the, I, 62. Marks of possession, I, 49, 243, 388.Offer English prisoners for sale as slaves, I, 326. Slaves among the Indians, I, 267. French Creek, I, 310, 428. Fry, Henry, I, 7. John, I, 7. Joshua, Biog. sketch of, I, 7 ; ap pointed Colonel of Va. regiment, 86 ; his instructions Irom Gov. Dinwiddie, 88, 109. Mention of, 96, 106, 107, io8, 112, 120, 148, 149, 169, 173, 175, 178, 182, 186, 189 316, 412. Allowance for his table, 175. Letters of Gov. Din widdie to, I, 88, 109, 146, 147, 170, 184. Illness of, 184; death of; succeeded by Washington, 193. Slaughter's Memoir of, cited, 1,7,412; 11,95- Fur trade. The, I, 95, 163, 164, 165, 217. Gage, Thomas, Col., I, 115 ; II, 221, 317. 332. Viscount, Biographical sketch of, II, 260. Gallissoniere, Marquis de la, I, 17, 95- Galveston, Texas, I, xxv. Gam,ing in Va., Statutes against, I, 30; discouraged in the army, II, 326. GardeNj James, Rev., I, 411. Garland, Man of War, I, 297, 314, 378 ; II, 260, 263, 288, 373, 641. Gary, Ensign, I, 28. Gates, Major, I, 115. Gatewood, II, 153. , Gaudaloupe, II, 65. Gault, I, 14. George, i, I, 68, 84, 136, 208. George, ii, I, 201 ; II, 6, 10, 166. George's Creek, I, 270. George Town, II, 598. Georgia, I, x, 146, Company sent to from 'Va., II, 703. Germanna, I, 386. Germans, Disaffection of, in Pa., I, 523, II, 415- German settlers in New York, I, 6. Getmautoivn, Pa., I, 523 ; battle of, I, 113; 11,23. Germision, I, viii, xxi. general INDEX. 743 Gibraltar, The, Capt. Spry, I, 453, William, I, 415. 466, 469, 475, 495, 511, 524, 527. Williara, Major, I, x. I, 467 ; II, 153 ; Goochland county, Va., I, 7. Titha- GlBSON, I, 467 ; II, 153. bles of, II, 352. Bishop, II, 696. Goodridge, The Bobby, Boush Gilmer, I, 412. master, II, 408. George, M. D., Biog. sketch of, Gordon, II, 292, 516 ; schooner of, II. 326. I, 413. Peachy, Ridgway, II, 326. Capt., II, 292. William, II, 326. Gosford, I, 466. Ginseng, I, 386. Goss, II, 153. Gist, Christopher, Capt. Biog. Gould, Lieut., II, 69. sketch of, I, 186, 481 ; II, 567, 671, Goven, II, 5. Mr., I, 175, 179, 186, 426, 432, 445, Governor of Va. Salary of, I, 352, 450,510; 11,26,77,221,669,702, 396; 11,33; prerogatives of, I, 707, 709, 710. 385. Nathaniel, Indian trader, Biog. Gr^me, John, I, 4. sketch of I, 286. Graham, of the 13th Regiment, Gist's settlement, I, 132, 169. II, 68. Gladden, John, I 124. Lady Lilias, I, xxi. Glanville, W. E., II, 79. Grammer, I, 441. Glasgow, I, viii, xxi, xxii, 113 ; Mer- Granby, Marquis of I, 14. chants House of I, viii, xxi. Grand Jury, Governor Dinwiddie's Glassaugh, II, 424. charges to, i, 31, 34, 35, 355 ; II, Glen, James, Governor of South 235, 527, 608, 705. Carolina. Biographical sketch of, Grand,or Walpole's Land Company, I, 61 ; his description of South I, 18. Carolina, 61 ; mentioned, 97, 134, Grant, Major, his engagement 135. 237, 343. 359, 364, 368, 375, with the French, I, xxv, 113. 409,428,436,468,488,494,508,515; Grantham, Thomas Robinson, 11,3,4, 19,24,43,57,61, 70,77,112, Sir, Baron, I, 201. 121,124,145,181,187,202,213,225, Granville, John Carteret, Earl, 230, 282, 396, 413, 417, 433, 449, Biographical sketch of, I, 136 ; 459. 509, 538 ; letters to from Gov. mention of, 286, 300 ; letters to Dinwiddie, I, 61, 90, 127, 187, 272, from Gov. Dinwiddie, 136, 166, 377, (in reply to his demand for 249, 283, 331, 392, 407 ; II, 32, 56, ;^7,ooo) 484; II, 25, 62, 125,212, 274,285. 443 ; proposes general meeting of Granville county, N. C, I, 136. the Governors, I, 128 ; purchases Gray, II. , 42, 153. land from the Cherokees, II, 202 ; Edward, II, 95. sends Acadians to Virginia, 443. John, Lieut, II. 232; letterto Gloucester couuty, Va., I, 14, 415 ; from Gov. Dinwiddie, 234. II, 376 ; tithables of, II, 352. Great Meadows, 1, 169, 174, 175, 176, Gloucester, fort at, II, 342. 184; skirmish at, 51. Gloucestershire Notes and Queries Greeley, Horace, i, 211. cited, I, xvi. Greenbrier Company, I, x ; river, I, Glover, II, 652. 282, 286, 308 ; II, 93, 152, 218, 297; Godolphin, Francis, Marquis of Indian murders on, 198. Caermarthen, I, 84. " Green Spring," Va., I. 190. Francis Osborne, Earl of, II, 6. '¦ Greenway Court," I, 19. Godolphon Arabian, The, I, 13. Gregory, I, 14. Gooch, Anne (Sutherland) Lady, Grenade, Hand, 1, 126; shells, I, 159, 1, 2. 242, 248. Eleanor, I, 415 Granville, James, I, 98. Thomas, Sir, I, 2. Griffin, I, xxi. William, Sir, Governor of Vir- Griffith, Bishop, I, xxvii. ginia. Biographical sketch of, I, Morris, II, 581. 2 ; arms of, x ; mention of, viii, ix, Grigsby, II, 153. 105, 125, 376, 404, 415, 484. Grovely, N. C, I, 122. 744 general index. Grymes, Alice, II. 376. Benj. Biographical sketch of, I, 265 ; letters , to frora Gov. Din widdie, 265 ; II, 103, 167. John of " Brandon " II, 351. John, Receiver General, I, 265 ; II, 54. Philip, I, 24. Gun, II, 433, 668. Gunners of Va. forts. Pay of, 1, 390. Gunning, Elizabeth, II, 6. "Gunston Hall," I, xxiii. Gwynne, Major Hugh, II, 375. Gwynne s Island, I, 113. Hack, Anne, 11,376. C. A., II, 376. George, II, 376. George Nicholas, II, 376. Mary, II, 376. Peter, II, 576. William, II, 376. Haddington, I, 470. Hagley, Worcestershire, England, II, 510. Haines, II, 153. Herbert,. II, 688. Haiske, Edw'd, Sir, II, 25. Half-King, The, Tanacharison or Dinwiddie, a Seneca chief, ally of the English. Biographical sketch of, I, 148 ; mention of, 152, 158, 162, 168, 173, 174, 179, 180, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 196, 202, 206, 222, 229, 230, 256. 275, 279, 298,369, 394; II- 349- Halifax, Charles Montague, First Earl of; his portrait, I, 208. Geo. Montague, Second Earl of. Biographical sketch of, I, 100 ; mention of, 38, 98, 102, 139, (loss of his wife), 140, 342, 375, 437, 452 ; II, 40, 359, 437. Letters to, from Gov. Ginwiddie, I, 100, 134, 162, 250, 281, 334, 366, 465. 405, 512, 527; II, 16, 54, 72, 113, 117, 141, 194, 220, 234, 272, 284, 346, 350, 416, 469, 510, 543, 578, 600, 625, 648. Geo. Montague, Third Earl of, I, 208. Halifax county, N. C, I, loi ; Va., 101,109; militia from, no, 158; tithables of, II, 352 ; forts in, 282, 357. 589 Halifax, Nova Scotia, II, 273, 688. Halket, Francis, Major, I, 467. James, Lieut, I, 467. Peter, Sir, Biograpical sketch of, I, 466. Mentioned, 454 ; II, 12, 37. Letter to, from Gov. Din widdie, 66. Peter, Sir, Major, I,- 467. 'Halt End," England, i, 494. "Hatl Hill," I, xxvi. Hall, I, 471. John, Lieut., II. 481, 592. Hamilton, I, xxiv, 446. Andrew, I, 16. Anne, I. xxvi. Archibald, I, xxiii. Archibald, Lord, I, xxiii ; II, i. Elizabeth, (Gunning) II, 6. Emma, Lady, I, xxiii. George, Earl of Orkney, Gov. of Va., I, xxiii, 208. Gilbert Dr., I, xxvi. Jaraes, Gov. of Pa., Biographical sketch of, I, 15 ; raention of, 16, 17,22,81, 86, 116, 118, i34_, 502; letters to, from Gov. Dinwiddie, 63, 142, 214, 255, 306. James. Third Duke of, II, 6. Jane, Lady, II, i. John, Lieut., Letter to, from Gov. Dinwiddie, I, 423. Rebecca, (Dinwiddie), I, xviii, xxii, xxiii. WUliam, Sir, I, xxiii. William, Fourth Duke of, II, i. Hamilton Parish, Va., II, 695. Hampshire county, Va., II, 11, 85, 108, 155, 167, 171, 241, 709; tith ables of, 352. Hampton, I, 9. Hampton, Va., I, 18, 117, 147, 149, 200, 277 : II, 344. Roads, II, 699. Hamsley, II, 489. Hams, Bacon, sent to England, I, 414. Hanbury, Capel, I, loi, 153, 155, 156, 238. Letters to from Gov. Dinwiddie, I, 153. John. Biog. sketch, and obituary of, I, IOI ; raention of, 17, 104, 105. Letters from Gov. Dinwiddie to, IOI. Jonas and Capel, I, 150, 166, 249, 342, 407, 410, 475, 487 ; II, 35, 44. 45, 50, 52. 53, 128, 267, 535, 676, 718, 723. Letters to from Gov. Dinwiddie, I, 136, 252, 301; II, 410. Osgood, I, 102. Hancock, John, II, 260. Hanover county, Va., company frora, II, 109 ; mention of, 102, 589; tithables of, 352. general index. 745 Township Churchyard, Pa , I, xxviii. Hardin, Capt., II, 240. Harding, Thomas, II, 95. Susannah, II, 95. Hardwicke, Elizabeth, II, 468. Lord Chancellor, II, 468. Hardy, Chas., Sir, Gov. of N. Y. Mention of, I, 65; II, 498, 661, 663. Biog. sketch of, II, 250. Letters to from Gov. Dinwiddie, II, 250, 312, 399, 421, 452, 305. Admiral, Chas., Sir, II, 250. Thomas, Sir, II, 250. Harrisburg, Pa., I, xxiv, xxvi, 6 ; II, 264. Harris, John, Biographical sketch of II, 264. John, Jr, II, 264. Harrison, I, xxiii, 9, 200. Anne, II, 722. Anne (Carter), II, 241, 722. Benjarain, II, 241, 722. Benjamin, Governor, II, 722. Benjamin " Signer," II, 241. Charies, Gen., II, 241, 292. Carter Henry, Capt. Biog. sketch of, II, 241. Mention of, I, 219; II, 125, 241, 248, 292, 399, 401. C. Shirley, Capt., II, 241. Wm. Henry, President, II, 241. Hart, I, 9 ; II, 153. Harvey, John, Sir, II, 278. Haskell, II, 153. Hassell, James, II, 458. Hatley, The, II, 463. Haughton, Viscount, II, 6. Havanna, II, 5. Havre de Grace, Md., I, 10. Hawke, Edward, Admiral. Bio graphical sketch of, II, 78. Hawkins, I, 441. Hayes, II, 153. Haythorn, John, I, xvii. Hedgman, II, 481. Hegohegee river, II, 301. Hellen, B. j., M. D., I, xxvi. Hemesworth, York, I, 13. Henburgin. Peter Lieut., II, S92. Hendren, II, 153. Hening' s Statutes of Va, cited, I, 7, 30- 36, 38, 39, 49, 53. 156, 190, 388, 405, 441, 471, 507- Henrico county, Va., II, 95; titha bles of, 352. Henrico parish, II, 95. Henry, Martha, II, 589. Patrick, II, 589. Hepburn, II, 153. Herbert, I, 14. Mary, II, 241. Robert, I, 98. R. Hon., II, 269. Heth, Harry, Gen., I, xv. Wra., Col., I, XV. ''Hewick," Va., II, 686. Hews, Adjutant, II, 655. Highland Regiment, II, 349; order ed to North Carolina, 673. Hill, I, 14. Col. I, 7. Dr., I, 258. Elizabeth, I, 463. John, II, 66. Mary, I, 7 W. H., I, xxi. Hillsborough, Lord, I, 114. Hispaniola, I, 477; French prizes off, II, 370. Hite, I x. Hoadley, Bishop, I, 410. Hobbes' Hole, 1, 8. Hocquart, M., II, 78. Hoge, I, 471. Arista, I, 471 ; II, 460. Hon. Jaraes W., I, 471. Hogg or Hog, I, 471. Anne, I, 471. Elizabeth, I. 471. Jaraes, I, 414, 470, 471. Jaraes, "Ettrick .'^^hepherd," 1, 470. Peter, Capt., Biographical sketch of, I, 470; in Sandy Creek expedi tion, I, xii, 470; raention of, 113, 319, 414, 470 ; II, 177, 279. 292, 299, 317. 320, 321, 326, 402, 482, 484, 531, 569. 589, 682, 702, 706, 710, 719 ; instructions from Col. Wash ington for building chain of forts, 460 ; letters to from Gov. Din widdie, I, 482 ; II, 294, 488, 504, 531, 537- Roger, of Edinburgh, I, 470. Thomas, I, 470, 471. Hogg's fort, II 682. Holbourne, Admiral F., II, 278, 717 Holderness, Lord Secretary, Bio graphical sketch of, I, 84; raen tion of, 90, 103, 108, 117, 128, 131, 139, 165 201, 205, 244, 247, 665 ; letters to frora Gov. Dinwiddie, I, 93. 133, 158, 335- Holliday, Gov. F. W. M, I, xxvi. Hollis, John, Duke of Newcastle, 11,6. Holmes, II, 153. Edward, I, 414. Robert, II, 695. 746 general index. Holland, Henry Fox, Lord, I, 244. Holmes' Island, I, 156. Holston or Holstein river, I, 266, 282, 286, 308, 313 ; II, 91, 93, (fort on), 88, 211. Hood, Capt., I, 73 ; II, 208, 280. Mr. I, 414, 417. HooE, Virginia B., I, xxvi. Hopewell, Sloop, Capt. Wra. Cur tis, I, 212. Hopkins, Stephen, I, 17. Hopson. P. T., Col. Biog. sketch of, II, 64; raentioned, 67, 293. Horner, II, 104. Biog. sketch of, II, 64; mention of, 69, 293. Hornet Sloop, II, 121 127. Horses, cost of, II, 36 ; hire of sad dle and pack, 41 ; nuraber era ployed by Gen. Braddock, 50. Hostages, held by the French, I. 51, 112, 113, 182, 233, 242, 293, 398, 326 ; II, 209. Howard, Benj., II, 109. Francis. Lord Effingham, I, 146. Hotchkiss, Fred'k W., I, 236. Jed. Major, I, 236. Martial, I, 236. Rev. Mr., I, 236, 243. Howson, Robert, I, 89. " Househill," I, xxi. Hubard, Lieut., II, 604. Hudson's Bay, I, 438. HUGAR, I, vii. Huggett, II, 322. Hughes, I, 9; II. 153. Huguenot Settlers in Va., I, 7, 38, 65. Hume, I, 113. Hunter, II, 448. John, Col., Coraraissary. Men tion of, I, 18, 83 109. (Instruc tions from Gov. Dinwiddie), 150, 151, 233, 279, 433. 459 464, 504; II, 4, 19 20, 25, 35, 39, 41, 48, 65, 67, 68, 75, 80, 97, 112, 124, 202, 258, 290, 295, 333, 421. 456, 512, 591, 617, 634 669, 675, 676, 686, 687. Robert, alias Sattelihu, I, 17. Lady of, Brighton, I, 14. Hunting iCreek Warehouse, I, 88. Huntington, Wm. Cavendish, Marquis of, I, 342. Hutchinson, Governor, II, 260. Thomas, I, 13. Hutchinson Hospital, I, viii. Indentured servants, lands granted to, I, 153; enlistment of, II, 180; mention of, how paid, 562, 571, 565. Independent companies, mention of, I, 108, 1 10, 129, 128, 129, 130, 141, 143, 145, '93, 197 198, 222. 223. 233, 237 ; supplied by Va., 238. Independent company from New York, mention of, I, 148, 150, 158, 162, 164, 171, 200, 204, 203, 209, 213, 215, 216, 219, 224, 230 237, S41, 245, 247, 253, 257, 259, 262. Independent cotnpany from South Carolina, I, 147, 148, 149, 150, 158, 192, 164, 171, 173, 185, 186, 198, (refuse to perform duty), 199, (ill-provided), 199, 204, 205, 209, 209, 213, 215, 216, 237 (return of, desired by Gov. Glen), 238, 243, 253 .[nuraber of) 247. 274, 426,629. Indian Affairs, in New York, I, 245, 254, 574- Irregular management of, II, 338. In the South, II, 715. In South Carolina, I, 272, 274, 368 AUies of the English, I 189, igj, 201, 210, 229, 265, 388; II, 243; pay allowed, 368 ; of the French, I, 62, 67. Badges, medals, breast-plates, and trinkets for arras and wrists, I, 189, 190, 231 ; II, 190, 561. Battle with, at Point Pleasant, I, 113- Boundary line of 1763, I, 185. Chief, Monecatoocha, Biographi cal sketch of, I, 57 ; II, 243. Corn, raeal frora, supplied troops, I, 319- Method of giving possession of land, II, 23. Method of fighting, II, 425, 509, 658.Murders on frontiers of Va., I, 76, 119; II, 100, 113, 132,154. 198. 210, 382, 408, 413, 417, 477, 666, 678, 681. 683. Narae of Washington, I, 222 ; of Gov. Dinwiddie, I, 222. —Scalps, reward for, II, 135, 176, 177, 254, 507. Scheme of attack near Venango, I, 347- Town of Coitee, " Tenasse," II, 76. Traders with, I, 152, 184, 192, 237, 268, 273 ; greed of, II, 340. Indians, Arundack, I, 60, 62, 67, 428. Arms, powder, lead and trinkets given to, I, 231. Caghuawaga, i, 456, 472 518. general index. 747 Indians. Catawba, I, 60, 62, 79, 80, 94, 99, 106, 107, 121, 129, 132, 152, 169, 237,267, 271, 273, 364, 368, 375, 378, 388, 391, 400, 422, 428, 452, 495, 514, 524; II. 26, 77, 112, 123, 125, 133, 145. 157. 214, 225, 230, 267, 280, 289, 297, 306, 308, 309, 319. 355. 368, 382, 484, 560, 573, 577. 605, 609, 6i6, 629, 641, 646, 673. Messages to, from Gov. Dinwiddie, I, 136, 391 ; II, 76, 168, 299, 445. Coraraissioners sent to, II, 283. Treaty with, 408, 432. Cherokee, I, xii, 23, 60, 61, 62, 79, 80, 94, io6, 107, 121, 129, 132, (king) 131, 132, 133, 186, 221, 237, 267, 271, 273, 359, 364, 368, 375, 398.399, 428, 469, 486, 495,514; II, 26, 77, 123, 125, 133, 145, 157, 191, 199, 202, 211, 212, 214, 218, 219, 220, 225, 230, 267, 280, 278, 282, 287, 289, 292, 294, 297, 298, 306, 314, 322, 339, 355, 368, 382, 388, 389, 394 449, 453, 482, 486, 491, 503, 507. 530, 553, 573. 577, 609, 616, 629, 641, 656, 658, 663, 673 ; raessages to frora Gov, Dinwid die, I, 391 ; II, 76, 168, 300, 391, 445. 548 ; council with, 187; cora missioners sent to, II, 283, 333, 355 ; unite in an expedition against the Shawane-se, 391 ; treaty with, 408, 422 ; come to the assistance of Va., 391 ; Capt. Gist sent to as agent, 513. Chicahominy, I, 388. Chickasaw, I, 60, 63, 129, 132, 237, 267, 273, 388 ; II, iii, 214, 339, 633. Chippeway, or Algonquiri, I, 60, 62, 67, 191, 204. Choctaw, II, 539. Clothing and supplies to, II, 640. Conference with the at Winches ter in 1755. I, 58, 117, 128, 131, 139, 201, 216, 274, 276, 310, 320, 426. Conference between Northern and Southern, I, 469 Creek, I, 63, 129, 232, 273, 388 ; II, 214, 279, 314, 339. Delaware, I, 17, 22, 143, 181, 190, 430 ; II, 302, 477, 489, 629. ^ Education of, urged by Gov. Din widdie; II, 339, 446. Exchange ol names between, and the whites, I, 222. Five Nations of, I. 117, 381. French staves of the, I, 267. Friendly, agreement with the, I, 100, 320, 327, 364. Illinois, I, 185. Iriquois, number, I, 19 ; mention of, 143. 377- Liquor, injurious effects of, araong, I, 268. Miami, I, 22. Mingo, I, 181. Mohawk, II, 10, 26, 219. Nanticoke, I, 22, 388. Nottoway, II, 482, 507, 605, 641. Ohio, I, 89, 196, 216, 230 388 ; II, 349- Ottowa, I, 22, 60, 62, 67, 191, 204, 207.Pamu7ikey, notice of, I, 388. Picts, I, 22, 388. Pique or Tawichti, I, 22. Penobscot, I, 459 ; II, 218, 220. Praying, II, 218, 220. Presents to the, I, 9, 16, 23, 39, 94, 99, IOI, 129, 187, 190, 201, 231, 254, 32,364, 373, 378,396, 422, 451, 461, 472 ; II, 17, 36, 42, 51, 90, 186, 283, 289, 306, 308, 334, 349, 487, 606, 669. Relations with the, I, 39, 364. Sapony, II, 629. Seneca, I, 95, 148, 260. Six Nations of, I, 6, 10, 12, 16, 57, 60, 81, 99, 129 144, 174, 191, 193, 216, 243, 285, 311, 364, 381, 388, 393, 422, 430. 457, 461, 473, 525 , II, 9, 10, 17, 19, 70, 128, 212 214, 219, 224, 230, 341, 362, 425, 434; 487 ; messages frora Gov. Din widdie to, asking warriors, I, 58, 312. Shawanese, 1, 22, 181, 190 274, 388, 430 ; II, 188, 189, 279, 292, 305, 306, 308, 314, 434, 487. 503. Projected expedition against, II, 278, 294, 296, 320, 336. 355, 580, 629. " King" ofthe, 477. Southern, I, 89, 230 364, 451 ; II, 19, 50, 55. 70, 9,0, 267, 280, 477, 533, 555. 577- .Tributary, of Va. Trade with the, Va. Assembly appropriate for, II, 640, 642 692. Tuscarora, II, 482, 507, 605, 6i6, 629, 641. Twightwee, I, 22, 60 94, 109, 129, 182, 186, 191, 216, 229, 369, 388, 398, 428, 451; II, 224, 230, 309, 339. 453- Wyandotte, I, 191, 193, 204, 207, 214, 229, 230. 748 ' general index. Imports of Va., variety and value 404. Biog. sketch of, 11,95. Let of, I, 385. ters to frora Gov. Dinwiddie, II, Indigo, cultivated in Va., II, 541, 95, 405. 580. Thoraas, I, xxvi, 9, 10. Irl'is Notes Induction of Ministers, II, 162. on Va. cited, I, 10, 393. Industry, The, Alex. Rarasay, mas- Jeffrey, Thos. publisher of " Fry ter, II, 410. & Jefferson's Map," I, 9, 282. Ingles, John, II, 505. Jenkins, Wra., a messenger, I, 321, Mary, II, 505. 396, 422, 460; II, 7, 35, etseq. Thomas, II, 505. Jenings, Edmund. Biog. sketch of, WiUiam, II, 505. II, 419. Inglis, II, 295, 298. Ariana, II, 419. Innes, James, Col. Biog. sketch Jennings, John, II, 281. of, I, 23; mention of, 124, 126, Jenny Cameron,Co\.'Ya.y\oe.'?,xaa.r&, 134, 148, 149, 186, 193, 194, 213, I, 14. 218,, 219, 220, 221, 222, 224, 280, J escoma, a Delaware Indian, 1, 430, 289, 305, 309. 313, 319, 322, 395, Joel Capt., II, 454. 404. 428, 432, 442, 452, 487 ; II, John. The, sloop, Sara'l Tingle, 19. 35. 50. 82, 83. 84, 86, 96, 97, master, II, 22, 23. 106, 107, 108, in, 114, 133, 146, Johnson, I, 449. 191, 201, 234, 236, 326, 329, 330, Christopher, II, 9. 335.381,387.442,560,661. Let- Guy, Col., II, II. ters to, from Gov, Dinwiddie, I, John, Sir, II, n. 125, 195, 223, 232, 278 (giving him Thos., Major, II, 106. charge of the French prisoners), Wm., Sir Biog. sketch of, II 9; 296, 315. 320, 347. 422, 459,504, raention of I, 185, 254. 461 ; II, 9; 519; II 7, 12, 42, 75, 80, 98, 122, 15, 17, 46, 70,90, 118, 119, 124,128, i76,.389. Appointed coraraander- 129, 131, 133, 173, 197 208, 216, in-chief of forces in Va., I. 194; 226, 232, 252, 259, 263, 290, 470, Camp Master General, 352 ; Com- 477 499. 544. 671. raander of Fort Cumberland, II Johnson's fori, I, 286; II, 3, 4. 75 ; his pay and allowance from Johnson's river, II, 153. Va., 75. Johnston, I. 9 ; II, 153. Interest, rate of, I, 269; II, 172,464. Gabriel, I, xxv. Ireland, I, 457. Jaraes D., Capt., I, xxv. Iron, annual exports of from Va., Wm., II, 533. furnaces in manufacture of, in Va., Johnstown, N. Y, II, 10, price of, 1, 386. Parliament, asked Jones, I, xxv; II, 153. to protect the interest in Va., I, Evan, II, 179. xiii. ' Jefferson, I, xxv. Iste of Wight comity, Va. Titha- Wra., 11^ 248. bles of, II, 362. JONQUiERE, Joncure, or Jean Clur, I Jacob, II, 153. 347. Jacobson, H, 722. Jonquiere, Marquis de la. Biog. Jacob, The, sloop. Jas. Noel, raas- sketch of, I, 17. ter II, 422. Jordan, II, 153. Jackson's river, II, 241, 316. "Jordan's." Va., II, 688. Jamaica, I, 477; II, 455. Jordan's Point. II, 351. Jamaica, The, sloop of war, I 73. Judiciary of Va. salaries of the, I, "James Cittie," II, 375 353, 390; powers ofthe, I, 491. James City county, Va., I, 7. Tith Juli.-\^n, Isaac, II, 238. ables of, II, 352. Jumonville, death of, I, ,51, 114, James I I, 380; II, 532. 148, 179, 192, 225, 228, 229. 497. James river, enlistments along, I, Junius, letters of, aUeged auto- io8 ; navigation of II, 334. graphic MS. of, II, 104. James To'wn, Va., sesqui-centen- Kalender, I, 152. nial of landing at, I, xiv. Kalm, Peter, his travels, I 22. Jardines, I, vii. Kana^vha, The Great, I, 95, 186 ; Jefferson, Peter, Col., I, 9; II, origin of the name, 282. general index. 749 Keith, Wm., Gov. of Pa. I, 6. Kemble, Margaret, II, 260. Peter, II, 260. Kennebec river, I, 70. Kennedy, Archibald, letters to from Gov. Dinwiddie, II, 478, 690. Captain, II, 531, 709, 707. Elizabeth, I, xxiv. Kent county, England, I, xxiii. Kentucky, II, 531. Salt woi-ks in, I, 471. Keowie, S. C, Indian town, I, 133. Keppel, Augustus, Commodore. Biographical sketch of, II, 5. Mention of I, 208, 428; II, 5, 15, 18, 112, 113, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 127, 129, 139, 141, 160, 276. Letters to from Gov. Din widdie, 143, 196, 356, 438. Lady Elizabeth, II, 6. Wm. Anne, Lord Albemarle. Biographical sketch of I, 208; II, 5. 6. Keppel, The, CapL Arbuthnott, II, 288. Keyser De, Dancing master, I in. Kilby, a contractor, II, 634, 675. Thomas, II, 166. King, John, Lieut., II, 241, 399, 401. Mary Anne, I, xxvi. Sarah, II, 106. King George county, Va., I, xxiii; er roneously printed Prince George, xxiv; II, 106. Tithables of, II, 352. King and Queen county, II, 104; tithables of, 352. King William counly, tithables of, II, 352. King William parish, I, 38. . King's, or Columbia College, I, 65. "Kingsland," N. Y., II, 10. Kingston, Canada, I, xxvii. Kingston, I, 441. "Kippax," Va., II, 688 Kirk, Julius, II, 587. Kitchen, G.. II, 232. Kittannia, Expedition against, II, 547- Knowles, Capt , II, 268. Lacadie, i, x. Lady day, I. 401. LaForce, M., I, 152, 175, 180, 181, 182, 182, 184, 185, 186, 293, 297, 313, 347 ; II, 209, 228, 368, 484. Lake George II, 10. Lancaster shire, II. 166. Lancaster county, Va., II, 102 ; tith ables of, 352. Lancaster, Pa., Indian Treaty at, I, 6, 96, 368, 377 ; II, 351, 369- Land patents, fee for, I, x, 44, 45, 46, 362 ; regulations regarding, 145, 153. 187, 362, 371, 373, 374, 410 ; II, 542 ; tax, 639. Landon, Betty, II 376. Lands, Bounty, to volunteers, 1, 18, 22, 96. Lane, Capt., I, 98 ; II, 51. Laneville, Va., I, 494. Laputhia, Shawnee King, I, 430. LaSalle, I, X. Lascelles, death of, 1, 103. Lieut.-Gen., II, 64, 69. Lawford, Major, II, 28. Lawrence, Austin, II, 77. Charles, Gov. Biog. sketch of, II, 293. Letters from Gov Din widdie to, 293. Mention of, 561, 363,381,443. Laws of Va., Merco's Abridgment of, I, 18. Lawson, Wilfred, Sir, His portrait, I, 208. Lay. I, 441. Lead Mines in Va., I, 387. Leake, Edward H., II, 166. Helen, II, 166. Jaraes, II, 166. John, II, 166. John Geo., II, 166. Margeretta, II, 166. Matthew, II, 166. Robert, Coraraissary, Biograph ical sketch of, II, 166; mention of, 166, 369, 533, 535. Robert W., Major, II, 166. Lee, I, 9. .'Arthur. I, 190. Captain, II, 69. Charies, Gen., II, 23. Ensign II, 69. Francis Lightfoot, 1, 190. Henry, " Light Horse," II, 102, 57°- Matilda Ludwell, II, 570. Philip Ludwell, Col. Biograph ical sketch of, II. 570. Mention of, 375-402, 378, 571. Richard Henry, I, 190. Robert E., Gen., II, 102. Thomas, 1,2, 17, 190; 11,351,455, 495, 499, 570. Thoraas Ludwell, I, 190. William, I, 190. Leeds Duke of, I, 84. Leeward Islands, I, 70, 208 ; II, 375- 750 GENERAL INDEX. Legge, Julian, Capt- of the Shore ham, I, 212, 241, 276, 309, 393, 398, 399 ; letter to from Gov. Din widdie, 314. Leggings, II, 323. Legionvitte , I, 6. Le Heup, Peter, Agent of Va., I, 139, 140, 210, 211, 237, 506. Lemon, Lieut., I, 400 Le Roy, Jacob, II, 77. Lester, Benj., II, 412. Lestock, II, 78. Letters of Marque, II, 537. Le Vert, I, 441. Levy, II, 153. Lewis, I, 9. Andrew, Major, Coraraands Sandy Creek expedition, I, xii.; biog. sketch of, 113 ; coraraands on the frontiers of Va., 313 ; let ters to from Gov. Dinwiddie, 317, 391 ; II, 91, 151, 198, 319, 336, 393, 403, 419, 433, 486, 492, 551, 566, 569, 699, 710, 719; letters to frora Wra. Withers, sec'y, 685 ; raen tion of, I, 114,315, 319,345,499, 500, 504 ; II, 93, 154, 202, 218, 220, 240, 242, 246, 261, 288, 292, 306, 315, 322, 323, 324, 382, 387 391, 398, 399. 425, 482, 484. 490. 503. 507. 508, 512, 518, 533, 539, 540, 561, 589, 622, 640, 654, 658, 668, 684. 694, 708, 720; his instructions in the expeditions against the Shaw anese, 320 ; as to building fort in the Cherokee country, 389. Andrew, of S. C, I, 212. Charles, I, 414. Charles. Capt., II, 399; biograph ical sketch of, 401. Charles, Major, II, 712. Elizabeth (Warner), I, 415. John, I, 113, 317, 415. Joshua, Capt., I, 398, 443 ; II, 592, 622.Margaret (Lynn), I, 113. Nathan, Sergeant, executed for cowardice, II, 399, 401, 407. Robert, of Brecon, Wales, I, 415. Samuel, I, 113. Warner, IJiog. sketch of I, 415 ; II. 375- 442. Lexington, Va., II, 336. Liberty Hall Academy, II, 336. Lightfoot, EUzabeth, II, 375. Francis, II, 375. John, II, 395. Philip, Biog. sketch of, II, 375, 438. Philip, CoL, II, 375. WiUiara, 11,375,438, 442. Light-house at Cape Henry, II, 343, 496. 547- Ligonier, Gen., I, xix. ' Limavaddy, erroneously printed Limaddy, Ireland, I, 8. Lincoln, England, II, 377. Lindall, Jane, II. 412. Linen, Check, as presents to the In dians, I, 231. Gerraan, II, 73. Lindsay, I, 412. Liquor to officers, I, 172 ; injurious to the Indians, 268. Lismahago, Stobo, the original of, in Huraphrey Clinker, I, 113. Little Carpenter, or AttakuUa- kuUa, Biog. sketch of, I, 267, 268, 446. 449. 454; II, 509, 556, 588, 609 ; letter to from Gov. Din widdie 700. Livingston, II, 644. Adjutant, his pay, II, 692. Philip, II, 23, 44, 45. Sarah, II, 23. Manor of, II, 23, 45. Loan office, proposed by Va. As sembly, II, 274, 277 Lockhart, Dr„ I, xxvi. David Blair, I, xxiv. Logan and Cresap, Brantz, Mayer's, cited, I, 10. Logan, the Mingo chief, I, 10. Logstown, Treaty at, I, 6, 8, ii, 12, 17, 22, 60, 61, 72, 85, 99, 100, 118, 191, 262, 368, 377; II, 105. Lomax, Lunsford, I, 7; biog. sketch of, II, 105. H., Lieut., II, 399, 410. Long, I, 499. Longdale, I, 489. Long Island, Battle of, II. 23. London Magazine, cited, I, 140. Lonsdale, Lord, I, 20. Lottery authorized by Va. Assem bly, II, 91, 192. Loudoun, Lord. Biog. sketch of, I xii ; his campaign of 1757, II, 293; mention of 388, 427, 435, 461, 481, 494, 555, 571, 578, 588, 59t, 598, 621, 641, 653, 656, 663, 668, 67.3, 677, 684, 690. 703, 721 ; letters to from Gov. Dinwiddie, 455, 473, 491. 497.524, 532, 554, 568, 583, 586, 594, 604, 605, 607, 616, 618, 628, 664, 666, (transmitting salary), 667; meets Southern Governors at Philadel phia, 599 ; his raeasures for de- GENERAL INDEX. 751 fence of the Colonies, 602 ; Bur gesses of Va. address him, 616. Loudoun County, Va., I, xxvi; II, 102. Loudoun, The, Capt. Curl, II, 598. Louis, xiii., I, x. Louisa county, Va., tithables of, II, 352, 392 Louisbourg, or Cape Breton, I, 70, 113, 459- 473 ; II, 7, 64, 79, 227, 251, 293, 677, 690, 703. Louisiana, I, xi. Louisville, Ky., I, 115. Lowe, I, 13. "Lower Brandon'' I, 9. Lowndes, II, 153 Christopher, I, 14. Lowry, John Lieut., II, 399, 401. Loyal American Regiment, II, 686. Loyal Company, The, I, x. Loyal Hanna, I, 629. Loyal Henning, I, 192. Lloyd, I, 14. Edward, I, 219, 220. Governor, I, 516. Joseph, I, 280. Sarah, II, 412. Ludwell, Lady Francis (Berkley), II, 590 Hannah, I, 190; II, 590. Philip, II, 590. PhUip, Col. Biog. sketch of, 1, 190; mention of, 1 ; II, 350, 353, 421, 427, 590, 591 ; sent to New York, 406 ; to Lord Loudoun, 419. Lunenburg county . Va., II, 109, 154, 389 ; tithables of, 352 ; company from, 156 ; militia from, 683. Lunenburg Town, II, 293. Lyde, Mrs. Elizabeth, II,, 375. Lyon, Capt., I, 346, 352, 396; II, 19, 34. 35- Lyttleton, Geo., Sir, II, 217, 651 ; biog. sketch of, 510, Thoraas, Sir, II, 510. Wm. H., Gov. of S. C, I, 400; II, 3, 4, 19, 217, 263, 282, 371, 443, 459, 488, 490, 491, 578, 579, 604, 648, 656, 666, 675 ; biog. sketch of, 217; letters to from Gov. Din widdie, 471, 494, 508, 555, 588, 602, 632, 672, 689, 692. Mace, of the borough of Norfolk, I, xiv; its use in the American colo nies, I, xiv; II, 403. McCarty, Dennis, II, 317. 326, 564. 565, 570, 571; letter from Gov. Dinwiddie to, 562. McClanahan, Robert, Letter to from Gov. Dinwiddie, II, 220, 246. McComas, David, Hon., I, 282. Geo. W., 1, 282. McCreight, James I, xxvin. McCuE, J. MarshaU, Col., I, 114. McCullock, Alex., of N. Y., II, 276. Rev. W., I, xxiv. McDonald, II, 453. McDowell, I, 9. McKaye, Jaraes, Biog. sketch oi, I, 146 ; mention of, 149, 150, 185, 186,198,199,213 218,220,223,233, 243, 244, 253, 274, 286, 359 ; II, 391 ; letters to frora Gov. Dinwiddie, I, 49, 188, 221, 298. McKellar, Patrick, Major, Biog. sketch of, I, 277. McKenzie, Alex., II; 66. Captain, II, 241, 622, 720. McKenzie' s fort, II, 720. McLean, II, 20, 253. Chas., Major, II, 20. McLuRE, II, 42. McManis II, 253. Lieut., II, 333. McMett, Capt., II, 320. McNaught, II, 153. McNeill, Mr., Lieut. Jaraes or Capt. John, I, 413, 417; II, 150, 218, 337, 480, 481, 569, 573, 585, 607, 670, 701, 702, 707; letters to frora Gov. Dinwiddie, 218, 289, 571. McPherson, I, x, 471. McQuinn, I, xxi. Madeira, II, 467. Madison, II, 153. James, II, 167. Jaraes, Bishop, I, 23. Jaraes, President, I, 167. Madras, II, 79. Mainwaring, Bishop Roger, I, 13. Mary, I, 13. Maitland Club, I, xxiv. Malagush Bay, II, 293. Mallet, II, 510. Mannakin Town, Va., I, 38. Man, Isle of, I, xxiii. "Mannsfield," II, 375. Manshore, James, I, 212. Mantapike, I, 477. Mar atime papers, I, 104. Marbury, I, 14. Marke, John, his model for a float ing battery, I, 452, 456. Marlborough, I, 2, no, 114. Marquette, I, x. Marquis of Montrose, I, xxi. Martial law, I, 288. Martin, I, xxv, 9; II, 153, 656. Francis Fairfax, I, 466. 752 GENERAL INDEX. Martin, Gov. of N. C, I, 123. James, II, 166. Thomas Bryan, Col., Biographi cal sketch of, I, 466. Mention of, 313,519; II, n, 83, 96, 98, 156, 236, 249. Letters to from Gov. Dinwiddie, 84, 179, 250. Martinique, II, 65. Mary, ship, of Guernsey, James Falla, master, infringement ofthe custom laws, II, 679.- Mary, The Transport, Marye, James, Rev., II, 161. James, Jr., Rev. Biographical sketch of, II, 161. Maryland, colony of, I, 67, 80, 81, 85' 134, 135, 211, 238, (nuraber of troops frora) 257, (appropria tions by), 258, 278, 279, 287, 496, 521; II, 26, (Catholic population of,) 1, 325 ; II, 28. Corapany from, 261. and Va. boundary Hne, I, 10, 13. Mason, II, 3 79, 97. Alexander, I, xxvi. Charles, I, xxvi. Eliza, I, xxvi. Enoch, I, xxvi. George, Col., I, xxiii. George, of " Gunston," I, xxiii, 18. George, County Lieut., of Staf ford, I, 18. Gerard, I, xxvi. Mary, I, xxvi. Roy, I, xxvi. Sarah, I, xxvi. Seddon, I, xxvi. Sempha Rosa Enfield I, xxin. Wellford, I, xxvi. Williara, I, 342. Mason county, Ky., I, 471. Mason and Dixon's Line, I, 23. Masons of Va., First Grand Mas ter of, I, xvi. Massachusetts, I, 70, 71, 81, 87 ; II, 377- and Rhode Island, boundary line, I, 69. Massie, II, 153. Match coats, II, 308, 640. Matthews, II, 78. Matthews county, Va., II, 376. Maury, James, Rev., I, 412. Maurepas, II, 7. Maxwell, Wm., LL.D., I, xxiv. Mayer, Brantz, I, 10. Mayo, Wm., Major, I, 7. Mayo river, II, 460. Meade, Wra., Bishop, I, 266. His Old Churches and Family of Va., cited, I, 463. Wm., II, 109. Meadows, The Great, I, 323 ; II, 88, 90, 142. A fort proposed at, 181 ; the "Little Affair" at, i, 148, 179, 183, 192. 202, 205, 209, 214, 216, 249, 271, 275 277, 497 ; II, 8, 22. Medals to Indians, I, 189, 190, 231. Medical Officers, I, 115, 116; II, 336: pay of, I, 116. Stores, I, 288, 521 ; II, 8, 185, 356. Melcombe, Lord, Biog. sketch of, II, 652. Mercer, Capt., II, 553, 561, 563, 572, 573, 585, 622, 675. Letter to from Gov. Dinwiddie, 586. George, Col., Agent of Ohio corapany, I, no. Biographical sketch of, 114. Mention of, I, xix, 17, 110,319,461,465,479,510; II, 291, 317. Letter to frora Gov. Dinwiddie, I, 462. Appointed Aid de Carap of Washington, II, 242. Jaraes, Capt, II, 319. John, Compiler of Va. Laws ; biographical sketch of, I, 18; mention of, no, 114, 420. John F., Capt., Biog. sketch of, I, no. Mention of, 319. Death of, II, 387. Lieut.-Col., I, 454, 456, 466, 474. Lieut , I, 481 ; II, 81. Merchants' House, Glasgow, I, viii, xxi, xxii, xixv. Mercier, Lieut., of, S. C. Death of, I, 280, 286. Meredith, II, 153. Samuel, Capt., I, xix. Meriwether, II, 202. Nicholas, I, 412. Merrimac, The, I, xxvi. Mevis, II, 53. Miami fori, II, 339. Michaelmas, I, 338, 401. Micou, Dr. Paul, I, 7. Middlesex county, England, II, 376. County, Va., I, 156, 494; II, 232 ; tithables of, 352, 375. Middleton's Defence, Capt., I, 438. Milford, Va., II, 144. Military of Va.. number of the, I, 121, 367; pay of, 49, 112, 116, 121, 123,124, 125, 130, 258; dis content araong, 171, 174; dis tricts of, I, 49. GENERAL INDEX. 753 Militia of Va., instructions regard ing, II, 67; number in. 344; how exempted, 344, 423 ; raised for frontier defence 404, 406, 409, 417; pay of, 461, 531 ; nuraber on the frontiers, 532, 644, 646 ; laws regarding, I, 41, 49. Millar, Andrew, letters to from Gov. Dinwiddie, II, 349. Miller, II, 153. Milner, Ensign, II, 241. Minorca, defeat at, 11,490, 512. Minerals of Va., I 386, 387. Ministers, allowance of, for preach ing, I, 390. Mississippi river, I, x, 95, 160 ; encouragement to settle on, 236. Mitchell, M.D., John, Biog. sketch of, II, 232; letter from Gov. Dinwiddie to, 338. F. O., I, viii, xxi. Mobile, Ala., I, xxv. Moffett, II, 153. Monacatoocha, an Oneida chief, I, 57, 129, 187, 191, 192, 205, 229, 430 ; II, 70, 225, 230, 243. Money Scarcity of, I, no, 224. Monongahela. I, 99, 116, 127, 147, 166, 168, 181, 280, 320, 354; II, 339. Monmouth, Battle of, II, 23. Montague, I, 37, 208. Anna (Osborne), Lady, I, 140. Charles, ist Earl, I, 100. George, 2d Earl of Halifax, Biog. sketch of, 1, 100. John. Earl of Sandwich, Biog. sketch of, II, 652. Montgomery, 7"Af, Capt. Patterson, II. 373- Montgom-ery county, Va., II, 153, 505 Montgomery, Capt. II, 232. Montour, Andrew, Capt., Biog. sketch of, I, 17; raention of 23, 188, 190, 192. 215, 229, 262, 312, 347, 426, 450, 460 ; II, 7, 12, 13, 35, 59. 240 ; letters frora Gov. Din widdie to, I, 58, 265; from Wash ington to, II, 243. John, I, 17, 58 ; II, 35. Madame I, 17. Montcalm, II, 686. Montreal, I, 113, 192,347; II, 216, 260, 368. Moore, Anne Butler, II, 102. Moore Park. Hertfordshire, II, 468. Moray, Earl of. I 467. Morgan, Evan, I, 516. Morris, Lewis, I, 307. Robert Hunter, Gov. of Pa., Biog. sketch of, I, 307; mention of, 349, 405, 488; II, 67, 191, 242, 290, 308, 327, 334, 452 ; letters to frora Gov. Dinwiddie, I, 394, 454, 501, 517. 522; II, 43. 68, 87, 127, 133, 172, 207, 258, 264, 309, 360, 398. 449- Mortars, I, 159. Moseley, Edward, II, 376. Edward Hack, II, 375, Biog. sketch of descent of, 376, 442. Edward Hack. Jr., II, 376. George, II 376. Robert, II, 375. William, 11,376. Family in Va. and N. C, II, 375. Moses chief ofthe Six Nations of Indians, I, 430 Mostyn, Admiral, I, xi ; II, 284. Mountains, Alleghany, Blue Ridge, North, Pignut, I, 373. "Mt.Airy," Va., I, 494; II, 375. Mud Creek, I, 428. Munford, II, 153. Mrs. Geo. Wythe, II, 96. Robert, Capt., I, xix. Murray, Sarah, II, 401. Wm., Earl of Mansfield, Notice of. 11,662. Murrell, II, 153. Muse, Lieut. Col., Geo., Biog. sketch of, I, 107; mention of, 108, 112, 184, 187, 188, 193 (resignation of), 233, 263, 269, 290, 316, 390, 418. Mutiny and desertion acts of the Va. Assembly, II, 279, 670. Nansemond county, Va., I, 441 ; tithables, of, II, 352. Napp's Affair, II, 481. Nash, Capt., II, 589, 590. Naval Officers of 'Va., salary of, II, 597. Neill's Fairfaxes in England and America, cited, I, xvi. Negroes, Tax laid on iraportation of, 1, 153 ; II, 86. Insurrection of feared, 102, 474 ; tithables of in Va., 345. In several counties, 352. Prices of 722. Nelson, II, 535. Charies, II 476, 491, 586. Thomas, Secretary, I, 24, 220 ; II, 559- , ^ Thomas, Jr., I, 220. Trial of II, n. William, President, I, 24, 220; II. 559- 754 GENERAL INDEX. Nelson's, merchants at Yorktown imported goods to supply Balti more Md., I, 462. Nemacolin, an Indian. I, 10. Neutre Islands, II, 61. Neville, I, 114. Christopher, I, 114. Mary, I, 114. .Newberne, N. C, II, 370. Newcastle, Duke of. Biographi cal sketch of, II, 6, 7, 311, 652. New England Colonies, The, 1, 168 ; Supply the French, II, 15; number of troops from, II, 26 60. New France , I, x. New Hampshire, I, xi, 68, 81. New Hanover, N. C. I, 125. New Jersey Colony of, I, 68, 82, 87, 307 ; complained of by Gov. Din widdie, 406 ; appropriations by, 456 ; II, 23 ; number of troops from. ll, 26. New Jersey, College of, I. 68. Historical Society Collections, cited, II. 23. New Kent county , Va., I, 185 Tith ables, II, 353. New London, II, 109, 652. New Market, Va., II, 104. New Monmouth, Va. II, 336. New Orleans, I, xxvii. New river, Origin of the narae, I, 282. New Store, The, I, 170, 321. Newtown, not Newton, I, 18. New York,\, 65,81,83 116, 128, 134, 150, 168; appropriations by, 309, 313, 393; troops frora, II. 26, 62. Independent Company from, I, 90 ; O' Catlaghan's Doc. Hist, of, cited, I, 95, 140. Niagara, I, xx, 527 ; II, 10, 15, 17, 33, 69, 118, 119, 124, 127, 133, 140, 196, 262 ; armament of, 339, 355 ; expedition against, 70. Nicholas, Robert Carter, I, 73, 470. Nicholson Gov. Francis, I, 131. Nighingale, The, II, 470. Nimmo, James, II, 96. Margaret Keeling, II, 96. NivEN, Jaraes, I, ix. Noblet, II, 675 Noden, Ralph, I, 156. Norfolk, England, I, x. Norfolk Borough, Va., raace of described, I, xiv; mention of, 115; municipal government of, 383 ; Forrest's Sketches of, cited, I, 416; II, 96. Norfolk county, Va., Tithables of, II 352. Norm.andy, II, 589. Norris, Isaac, .Biog. sketch of, I, 516. Northampton county, I, 470, 507; tithables of, II, 353, 376. ''North End,'' II, 376. Northern colonies. Regiments raised in, 1, 456. Northern Neck gratit, I, 19, 370, 385; boundaries of, 8 ; II, 95, 351. North Carolina, Agent of, I, 38 ; mention of 64, 90, i.,o, 114, 122, 125, 130, 135. 136, 138. 143 148, 150, 166, 204, 205, 209, 211, 213, 219, 230, 241, 247, 251. 253 ; appropria tions by, 126, 134, 232, 304, 323, 466 483; II, 26; troops frora, I, 126, 134, 168, 171, 241, 257; rauti ny araong 270, 281 ; advances for by Va , 233 ; pay of, 287, 304. 323; ill conduct of officers of, 297; dis band, 297. Lottery of, pork sent frora, 231, 259; currency of, 231, 259, 353" North Mountain, I, 373. Northumberland county, Tithables of, II, 353- Northu-mberland county. Pa., I, 268. Northwest passage, I, 438. Norton II, 104. Courtenay, II, 104. Francis II, 104. John, II, 104. Norwich, The, Capt. Barrington, n,5- Nova Scotia, I, 70; II, 60, 105, 107, 124 206, 227, 268, 284 293, 673, 690. Nugent, II, 290. Robert, II, 271. O'Brien, Geraldus, II, 334. Lady Todd, II, 104. O'Callaghan's Doc. Hist, of N. Y., cited, I, 95, 201. OcANOSTOTO, a Mingo chief, I, 8. O'Farrel's regiment, II, 594. Officers' aUowance for table, I, 171, 173, 178; II, 707; inequality of rank with those on British Establishment, I, 198, 199, 213; disputes regarding, 221, 224; regulated by Gov. Dinwiddie, 215, 235, 246 ; pay of, I, 176, 258. Ogle. Saml., Gov., Biog. sketch of, I, II ; letters to, from. Gov. Din widdie, n, 12, 13, 14. Ogilvie, LieuL, Wm., I, 245. GENERAL INDEX. 755 Ohio, Forts on the, I, xi, 67, 143 ; landplates found on, 95, 143. Ohio Company, I, 10 ; account of, 17; mention of, 101, 114, 151, 270, 272. 305, 313 ; II, 349 ; warehouse of, I, 297. Okehatnpton, II, 510 O'Kell, Jane, I, xxvii. Olden Time, Craig's, cited, 1, 12, 19, 22, 23, 95. Old Hop, the Indian chief, I, 267 ; II, 488, 556, 640, 656, 672 ; speech of his son, 187 ; reply of Gov. Dinwiddie, 189 ; messages to, frora. Gov. Dinwiddie, II, 495, 509. 657. Old Town, I, 10. Oliver, II, 26. Onondago, I, 23, 426, 430, 457, 473 ; II, 434, 455, 457. Ontario, Lake, I, 381; II, 370; losses on, 496. Option law, I, 5. Orange county, Va., II, 104, 167, 392, 643 ; tithables of, 353. Orbigtand, Scotland, I, 115. Ordnance requested by Gov. Din widdie, I, 279, 451. Ordinaries, tax on, I, 156. Orford, Earl of, I, 165. Orkney, Earl of, I, xxiii, 208. Orme, Capt. Robert Biog. sketch of, II, 14; letters to, from, Gov. Dinwiddie, 37, 74; II, 120, 148, 178 ; mention of, II, 125, 129, 134, 139, 144, 214, 239, 273. Orrery, 3rd Earl of; his portrait, I, 208. Orton, England, II, 688. Osborn, Sir Danvers, Gov. of N. Y. Biog. sketch of; his 39th instruc tion, I, 140 ; II, 377. Osborne, Francis ; Earl Godol phin. II, 6. Harriet, Lady, II, 6. Mr., II, 133, 546. Osborne's, Chesterfield county, Va., II, 95- Osburn, Anne, I, 438. Capt, I, 438. Oswald, Jaraes, I, 98 ; II, 269. Oswego, I, 70, 85, 205, 309. 393, 428, 430, 450, 527 ; II, 10, 17, 18, 182, 196, 262, 290 ; armament of, 338 ; fall of, 494, 499, 512. Ott, John, I, 471 ; II, 460. Otway's regiment, II, 399. Oubatch river, fort on the, II, 339, 447- Outacite, Wootassitie or Man- killer, King of the Cherokees, I, 131, 446, 486, 493 ; II, 640, 646, 657 ; message to, from. Gov. Dinwid die, II, 549. Overton, Capt. James, in the Sandy Creek Expedition, I, 12; raention of, II, 199, 212, 246, 279, 298 320, 323, 509 ; letter frora Gov. Dinwiddie to, 210 Capt. Sarauel, II, 157, 159. Oxford, I, 7. Packenham, Gen., I, xxvi. Packer, I, 9. Pack-horses used, I, 151, 454. Pacific coast. Route to the, recora raended by Col. Joshua Fry, I, 412. Page, I, 412. John, Col., II, 376. John, Councillor, II, 376, 438, 442. John, Gov., II, 376. Judith (Carter), II, 376. Mann, I, 418 ; II, 375, 438. Mann, Hon , II 376. Paita, capture of, II, 5. Panther, I, 510. Pagan, Jr., John, II, log. Palatines in Pa., I, 86. Pales, shipped to H. Walpole, I, 165. Pallister, Sir Hugh, II, 5. Palmer I, 139. John, Attorney, I, 342. Wm. P., M.D,, editor of Calendar of Va. State Papers, I, 9. Pamunkie, ye King of, badge of, I, 190. Queen of, frontlet of, I, 190. Parish, Geo., I, 9. Parke, Daniel Col., I, 208 ; II, 375. Frances, II. 375. Lucy, II, 208, 375. Parker, I, 9. Partridge mortar, I, 184. Paspatany, I, xxiii. Passayunk, Pa.. I. 184. Pastorius, Francis Daniel, I, 86. Patents, Land, Regulations of, 1, 45, 47, 362. Patomacke, ye King of, badge of, I, 190. Patterson's Creek, forts on, I, 270 ; II, 315- Patterson, Capt, of the Mont gomery, II, 373. Patton, James, Col., Commission er at Lancaster, Pa., I, 7; biog. sketch of, 8 ; mention of, 9, 51, 756 GENERAL INDEX. 268, 316, 317, 391, 500 ; II, 91, 100; death of, 151, 153, 404; letters to from Gov. Dinwiddie, I, 50 ; II, 92 ; (in reference to Indian mur ders), 95, IOI, 132. Margaret, I, 268. Patuxent river, II, 106. Paxtang, Pa., I, xxiv. Paxton creek, Pa., II, 264. Pay of officers and soldiers, I, 112, 116, 121, 123, 125, 130, 172. Payne, I, 9, 176, 317, 346; II, 8; from N. C, I, 124. Peachy, Wm., Major, i, xix. Pearis, Richard, Capt., commands Cherokees in Sandy Creek expe dition, I, xii ; biog. sketch of, 266 ; letters to, frora. Gov. Dinwiddie, 266; II, 77, 296; mention of, 76, 77. 133, 190, 278, 621. Pearsall' s fort, II, 622 Pedlar river, II 95. Pelham, Baron, II, 6. Henry, Earl of Lincoln, II, 6. Henry, II, 6. Thoraas, I, 98; II. 6, 269. Thomas, Duke of Newcastle, II, 6. Pemberton, James. I, 516. Pendleton, Benj., Col., II, 711. Edmund, II, 106. Penn, I, 118, 354. Pennsylvania, I, 63, 81, 86, 118, , 124, 126, 128, 134, 135 211, 214, I 238 279, 287, 307, 352, 406 (Ger raan population of), 406; II, 18, 230; Catholics of, 207 ; appropri ations of, II, 26, 395; Gov. of, re fused to allow taxation of Pro prietor's lands, 181 ; pay of troops from, 395; builds forts, 415. Archives, cited, I, 501 ; II, 41. Gazette, cited, II, 210. Historical Society. II, 14. Magazine of Hist, and Biog., cited, I, 6. Va. and boundary line, I, 22. Pepperell, Wm., I, 459 ; II, 17, 18, 33, 46. 68. Sir Wra., Biog. sketch of I, 459, 438, 447, 466; II, 15,66, 191. Percy's Reliques, cited, I, 467. Perkins, supplies flour, I, 424,463, 489, 490 1 II. 8. Captain, II, 237. Perrot, Mary, Y, 156. Perry, Bishop W. S., his Va. Church Papers, cited. I, 15,411. Perkyman Family, the, II, 350. Pesth, Hungary, II, 103. Petencrief, Scotland, I, xix. Peters, I, 9, 153. Richard, D. D., Biog. sketch of, I, 50. Petersburg, I, 231, 415, 490; II, 405, 717- Peter's Creek, I, 9 ; II, 95. Peterson, II, 242. Peyton, I, 9; II, 153. John Lewis, Col., I, xxiv. Wm., I, xxvi. Peyronie, William, Capt. Biog. sketch of, I, in ; mention of, 182, 222, 223, 287, 288, 289, 316, 319, 323; II, 149. Phelps, John Capt, II, 109, 159 ; biog. sketch of, 109; letters to from Gov. Dinwiddie 109. Philadelphia, I, xix, 72 ; II, 264 ; wagon road from to Winchester, I, 517; pupils sent to from Va.; II, 698 Phillips, Burdett, I, xxv. Dinwiddie B., I, xxiii, xxvi. Enfield, I, xxv. Fannie Mason, I, xxvi. Frederick, II, 686. James, I, xxv. Laura, I, xxvi. Mary, I, xxv. Nannie Walden, I, xxvi. Roberta, I, xxvi. •' Susannah, II, 686. Virginia E., I, xxvi. Wm., Col., r xxv. Wm., Fowke, I, xxiii, xxv. Wm., Ravenal F., I. xxvi. Phillips' Paper Currency of the American Cotonies, cited, I, 423. Philosophical Transactions, cited, II, n, 23,232. Phipps, Gov., I, 459. Pickawillany, I. 22. Pierce, President, I, xxv. Pignut mountains, I, 373. Pinckney, I, 14, Pirates, I, 504. Piscataway, II, 351. Pistareen, The, value of, I, 508. Pistole fee on land patents, I, 44, 45, 46, 100, 103, n8, 137, 139, 140, 153, 156, 160, 208, 210, 299, 307, 362, 370, 373, 376, 511 ; II, 3, 57 ; value of the, I, 44. Pitcfi made in Va., II, 578; annual report of, I, 386. Pitcher I, 501. Pitkin, Wm., 113. Pitferran, Scotland, I, 466. GENERAL INDEX. 757 Pitt, John, I, 98, 342 ; II, 269. Wm., afterwards Earl of Chat ham, II, 52 53, 630, 662 ; his por trait, 419 ; letter to from Gov. Din widdie, 54, 271, 599, 630, 641, 646 ; fort named in honor of, I, xix. Pittsburg, I, 22, 181, 255; meeting at, in 1775, 432 ; Craig's History of, cited, I, 6. Plainfield, N. J Plan of Operations against the French, I, 117,142, 351,367; 11,15, 17, 18, 21, 22, 25, 32. Plates, Lead, French marks of pos session, I, 95. Plater, Geo., Gov., II, 375. Rebecca, II, 375 Pleasants II, 153. Robert, I, loi. Pocock, Geo., Sir, II, 5 Point Pleasant, Battle of, I, 113, 471 ; II, 336, 401. Poll tax, proposed by Gov. Din widdie, I, 204 241, 246, 251, 254, 298, 326, 329, 340; laid by Va. Asserably, II, 639. Porii and Beef, Price of I, 232, 488 ; export of, 386. Porter I, 9. Porto Bello, II, 78. Potomac river, I, xxiii, 10, 79, n7, 35L Porto Rico I, 12. Port Royal, I. x ; II, 602. Portugese coin, II, 347. Posey, John, Capt, I, xix. Postal service, II, 374, 378. Potter, Archbishop, I, 410. PoULSON, Wm., Capt, Biographi cal sketch of, I, 114, 319, 411,412, 428, 334, 435 ; letter to, from Gov. Dinwiddie, 412, 435. Ensign, II, 316, 326. John, I, 115. Major, II, 59, 89, 149. Powell, I, 14. Power, James. II, 91. Pownal, John, Sec'y, Biographical sketch of, I, 338 ; letter to, from Gov Dinwiddie, II, 2; raention of, 338, 373, 376. Thos., Gov., I, 338, 459. Biog. sketch of II, 377. Preeson, Joseph, i, 10. Prentis, I, 200 ; II, 326. Prentis & Withers, II, 247. Prerogatives of the Crown, I, 140. Presbyterians, Petition to suppress in Va., I, 15. Presqu' Isle, I, 310. Preston, Elizabeth (Patton) I, 9 ; II. 153. 53L John, His descendants, I, 9 ; II, 153, 531- . Laetitia, II, 531. Wra., Capt, I, xii, 4, 153, 199, 211, 288, 305, 320, 337 ; II, 678, 682, 685, 719. Letters to, frora Gov. Dinwiddie, 199, 246, 295. Wm., Rev., Prof Wra. and Mary College. II, 697. Preston, England, I, 69. Pretender, The, II, 23. Price Bill, of Funeral Expenses of Gov. Dinwiddie, I, xvii. Prince Edward county, Va., Tith ables, II, 353. P-rideaux' s Expedition, II, 10. Prince George county, Va., II, 353. Prince George county, Md., I, 4. Prince George fort, I, 148, 151, 161, 177, 323- Prince William county, Va., I, 14 ; II, 102 236, 252, 382, 480, 506, 643. Prince, Capt, II, 583, 587, 598, 605, 616. Princess Anne county, Va., tith ables of, II, 353, 376. Pringle, Andrew, I, ix. Printing press, restricted in Va., I, 146. Prisoners, taken by the French, I, 181, 184, 185, 186, 189, 192, 209, 216, 225, 227, 233, 234, 275, 293, 298, 313, 333, 347, 429, 433. 490. 497; II, 227; held in irons, I, 192 ; offered for sale, 298. Proby, Capt, II, 5. Proclamation money of N. C, I, 126 232, 286. Prorogu'als of Va. Assembly, I, 31, 48, 79, 121,302,324; II, 115 Protestant settlers. Foreign, I, 153 ; land privileges, and of religion granted to, 156. Providence Island, expedition against, I, 20. Provisions, Mention of, I, 51, 53. 83, 84, 85, 89, 90 93 102,109, no, 112, 116, 117, 120, 123, 124, 130 134, 150, 187, 189, 199, 217, 218, 220 (want of), 222, 224, 248, 264, 269, 297, 318. 321, 340, 399. 413, 419,. 422, 424, 431, 432, 439 441, 449, 478. 521, 523; II, 20, 34, 37, 40, 78, 83, 97, 119, 127, 142, 143, 150, 151, 201, 218, 288, 291, 321, 324, 367 (price of), 503, 525, 591, 670, 705. 758 general index. Provost, David, II, 23. Putney Grammar School, II, 104. Quakers, of Pa., Scruples against war of, I, 142, 523. Mention of, II, 269, 271, 286, 340, 415, 542, 575. Of Va.; refuse to fight, II, 434. Petition against being whipped, 481. Quebec, I, x, xx, 85, 88, loi, 113, 306, 308, 326, 473, 525 ; II, 14, 690. Quintal, The English, I, 458. Quit Rents, Defrauded in Va., I, X, 363, 370, 374-410; II, 73; men tion of, 47, 96, 118, 139, 140, 153, 161, 163, 167; accounts of, trans mitted to England, I, 338, 352, 371, 402, 410. Racing in the colonies of Va. and Md., I, 13, 14. Radford, II, 153. Ragman's Roll, I, 511. Ramsay, II, 153. Allan, son of the poet, I, ix. Alex., of the Industry, II, 410. John, Rev. Notice of I, 14. Mr., recoramended for coramis sary, II, 563. 709, Ramsay's Hist, of S. C, cited, I, 400. Randolph, I, 154; II. 153. Capt. of the Commerce, II, 621. Edraund, II, 419. Edward, Capt of the Baltimore, I, 153, 414, 417, 526; II, 6, 49, 419. Isham, II, 95. Jane, II, 95. Jane (Cary) II, 242. John, II, 688. John, of " Roanoke," II, 688. Maria, I, xxvi. Mary, I, 154; II, 242. Peter, Col., of "Chatsworth," I, 24; II, 283, 298, 301, 345, 567 ; biographical sketch of, I, 298 ; commissioner to the Cherokees, 283. Peyton, Attorney-General, sent to England with petition to the king for relief from the "pistole fee," I, X, 70, 299 ; biographical sketch of, 70. Mentioned, 139, 140. 153, 303, 306, 312, 324, 328, 363,470, 492, 498, 506; II, 2, 91, 292, 538, 411. Coramands vol unteer a.ssociation of cavalry from Williamsburg, 411. Letters to, from Gov. Dinwiddie, 679, 681. Thoraas, II, 242. William, of " Turkey Island," I, 75, 103, 154; 11.95, 121, 292, 722. WUliam, of " Wilton," Biograph ical sketch of. II, 722. Randolph MS., cited, I, 388. Rangers, raised in Va., II, 82, 92, 679. Pay of, 706, 719. Incorpo rated in the Va. regiment, II, 482. Rappahannock county, Va., I, xxiii, 7, 114. River, I, xxiii, 8. Rathay John, Letter to, from Gov. Dinwiddie, II, 29. Rations, for officers, II, 707 ; for militia 557, 585, 702, 706, 712; cost of, for soldiers, I, 341. Rawley, Capt, II, 283. Read, Clement, Col. Biographical sketch of, II, 156. Letters to, frora Gov. Dinwiddie, 156, 485, 502, 557. 564 581, 589, 592, 609, 612, 619 Mentioned, 156, 487, 490, 566, 582, 590, 670, 685, 694, 699, 701, 711, 719- Isaac, II, 156. Thos., Col., II, 156. Reading, I, 6. Rebellion, oi i']i$, I, 2; of 174S ; 114. Receiver- General of Va., 1, 21, 265. 494; II, 54,271, 722; his cora raission, I, 370. Redemptioners, Irish, I, 8. Recruiting, Expenses of, 1, 477, 483; II, 13- Redd, II, 153. Red Stone Creek, I, 147, 148, 158, 161, 169, 215, 222. 258. 261. Reid Jaraes, II, 721. Relief fund of poor clergyraen's widows and orphans, 1, 15 Religious freedom proposed by Gov. Dinwiddie, II, 343 Religious scruples of fhe Quakers, I, 142, 168. Renfrew, Scotland, I, ix. Respite, a military term, I, 347. Revenue, frora Va. and Md., 1, 104; from Va. on tobacco, 338, 358, 389; II, 52, 53, 270; the /20,ooo from Great Britain to be reim bursed from, I 369 ; revenue of Va. from tobacco and quit rents, II, 580. Revolution, War of the American, I, 114, 115, 268. GENERAL INDEX. 759 Reynolds, II, 153. John, Gov. of Georgia, Biog. sketch of, I 468; mentioned, II, 470. Rhea, II, 153. Rhode Island, I, 81 ; troops from, II, 26 ; boundary line between Mass. and, I, 69. Rice as provisions, I, 487; II, 74. Richards, Anne, I, 100. William, I, 100. Richmond, Chas., ist Duke of, I, 244 ; his daughter Anne, wife of Lord Albemarle, and Georgiana Caroline, wife of Henry Fox, 244. Richm,ond counly, Va., II, 102; tithables of, 353. Richmond, Va., I, 72, 114; Byrd's lottery in, II, no. Ridgeway, II, 336. Ridout, I, 14 ; II, 604. Rieviere aux Boeuf s, notice of, I, 310; II, 69. Rittenhouse, David, I, 23. Rives, I, 412. Roanoke, II, 486, 492. Roanoke river. Three forts on the, II, 489. Robinson, I, 9. Benj., Col., II, 104; notice of, 106. Beverly, Col., notice of. II, 686. Beverley, Lieut.-Col., II, 686. Captain, II, loi. Christopher, II, 686. Frederick, P., Sir, II, 686. John, II, 686. John, "President," II, 106, 686. John, of ''Piscataway," II, 351. John, Speaker of House of Bur gesses and Treasurer of Va., I, 73, 375 ; II, 559- 722 ; letter to fi-om Gov. Dinwiddie, I, 477. Mary (Aislabie) Lady, I, 202. Morris, II, 686. Thos. Sir, succeeds Lord Holder ness as Sec. of State, Biog. sketch of, I, 201 ; mentioned, 209, 211, 238, 284, 286, 364, 369, 372, 375, 409, 484, 502, 506 ; II, 17, 20, 28, 143, 232, 190, 333 ; resignation of, 392 ; letters to, frora Gov. Din widdie, I, 201, 243, 278, 322, 352, 403, 472, 493, 524 ; II, 15, 50, 69 ; (announcing defeat of Braddock), 99, 112, 116, 139, 162, 190, 227, 229, 266, 281, 306, 355. Wra., Rev., master of Grararaar School, Williara and Mary Col lege, II, 697. Wra., Rev., I, 4, II, 106. William, Sir, I, 201. WUliam Henry, Sir, II, 686. Robertson, John, Rev., Notice of, I, 14. 15- " Rock Castle," Va., II, 589. Rock Creek, I, 316, 318, 450; II, 74, 74, 87, 344, 368, 402, 483. Rochester, II, 251. Rogers, Charles, Rev., D. D. LL.D., I, 470. Rolle, Switzei land, II, 629. Rolling houses, or ware-houses, for tobacco, I, 39, 89. Roman Catholics in Va., II, 306 ; in Md., 415. RooTES, John, Capt, I, 414. Rose, Hugh, Capt, II, 60. Letter to, from Gov. Dinwiddie, 66. " Rosegill," Va., II, 375. "Rosewell" Va., II, 375, 376. Ross, Dr., of Md. II, 655, 669, 676, 694, 702, 708. Rotterdam, II, 375. RousELEY, Christopher, murder of, by Col Talbott, in Md., I, 211. " Rouse ley Halt," II 106. Rowan, Major, of N. C, I, 232, 277. Matthew, Acting Gov. of N. C. ; letters to, from Gov. Dinwiddie, I, 64, 91, 122, 296; mentioned, 125, 130. Rowan & Maclewean, II, 97. Rowan County, N. C.,l, 64. ROWLF.Y, II, 78. Roxbury, Mass., I, 69, 70. Roy, II, 104. Lucy, I, xxvi. Richard, I, xxvi. Wiley, I, xxvi. Royal American Regiment, The, recruited from Va., II, 502, 512, 519, 523, 540, 578. Foregn officers for, 11,449. Standard of recruits, 583, 587, 641. Royal Scots, The, II, 399. Royal William, The, II, 251. Ruddell, Cornelius, II, 179. Rum., for soldiers, I, no, 112, 120, 186, 220; tor the Indians, 190; price of, 222. Rush, Benj., M. D., II, 232. Russell, Francis, Fifth Duke of Bedford, II, 6. John, Fourth Duke of Bedford, biog sketch of, II, 6. Joseph, a spy, II, 133. Rutherford, Agent to the Cataw bas, II 672. 760 GENERAL INDEX. Rutherford, Deputy to Thos. Walker, II, 553, 560, 563, 585, 702, 706, 712. Lieut, II, 480. Ryder, Sir Dudley, Biog. sketch I. 137. Rye, The, II, 251. "Sabine Hall," Va., 1, 14. Sabine's Loyalists of the Am.. Rev., cited, I, xxviii, 455 ; II, 687. St. Anne's parish, Va., I, 14, 15. St. Clair, James, Gen., I, 38. St. Clair, John, Sir, Qr.-Mr. Gen., biog. sketch of, 1,453; raention ed, 461, 465,466 468,473, 475,479, 485, 489, 490, 493, 495, 498, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 509, 513, 518, 519 ; II, 14, 41, 122, 130, 182, 197, 206, 221, 318, 639; letters to from Gov. Dinwiddie, 147, 451, 535. St. David's, I, 13. St. Eustalia Island, I, 386. St. George's parish. Pa., II. 161. St.fohn's Church, Richmond, Va., I, 72. St. John's parish. King Wra. Co., Va , I, 15 ; New Kent Co., I, 7. St. Lawrence river, I, xi, 95 ; II, 275. St Michael's, Bristol, England, I, xxvi. St. Peter's Church, Philadelphia, I, 501 • St. Pierre, M. leGardeur de, I, xi, 49- St. Thomas parish, Va., II, 161. Salaries of Agent and officers of Va., I, 141 ; II, 292. Salem, Va., I, 114. Salisbury, II, 305. Sallard, Sergeant, II, 400. Salouke, a Cherokee chief. Letter to frora Gov. Dinwiddie II, 550. Salt making, in Ky., I, 471 ; Parlia ment asked to protect in Va., I xiii. Salt Sampson, Capt, II, 161. Sandwich, Earl of, Biog. sketch of, II, 652. Sandy Creek Expedition, I, xii, 113; II, 100, 278, 296, 531. Sandy Hook, II, 673. Sandy Point. Sardinia, II, 169. Sargeant' s History of Braddock's Expedition, c\te.d, I, 111,453, 467; II, 261. Sattelihu, alias Robert Hunter, 1, 17. Satterwhite, II, 153. Savage hostilities, I, xi. Savage, John, Lieut, notice of, I, 115 ; mentioned, 391, 470, 482 ; II, 149; letter to from Gov. Dinwid die, II, 29. Savannah, Ga., I, 468. Scalps, Indian, reward for, II, 582, 645 ; sent to Gov. Dinwiddie, II, 406. Scarboro' , England, I, 114. Scariunta, Chief of the Six Na tions, 1, 430. Scarroyaddy, Skwoniatta or Mona catoocha, the Oneida chief, I, 57. Scharf, J. Thos., Col., his History of Maryland, cited, I, n, 457. Schaw, Chas., 9th Baron Cathcart, II, I. Wm., loth Baron Cathcart, II, i. Schenectady, N. Y., II, 10. Schoharie, N. Y., I, 6. School-tnasters for Indians, II, 339. Sciola Creek, I, 152. Scotch Greys,, I, xix. Scott, I, 14; II, 280. Sir Walter, I, vii. Seaford, The, Capt. Rawley, II, 279, 280, 287. Sea Horse, The, II, 112. Sealey, Capt, II, 532. Seamen, Wages of, I, 429. Searchers of Va. ports, II, 59. Servants, Indentured, as soldiers, II, 585. Settlers on the Mississippi, encour aged, I, 166, 236. Sevier, Val., I, 520. Sewall, Clara, I, 13. Nicholas, I, 13. Shatnokin, II, 450. Sharpe, Horatio, Gov. of Md., biog. sketch of, 1, 80. Mentioned, 13, 80, 85. 105, 134, 135, 167, 262, 264, 318 345, 350, 352, 354. 365. 366, 372, 379, 391, 393, 404, 419, 422, 429, 430, 432, 433, 435, 472, 482, 488, 489, 490, 493, 500, 503, 518, 521, 522 ; II, 12, 17, 64, 68, 74, 106, 223, 290, 291, 311, 318, 327, 329, 371, 434, 592, 606, 636, 642, 654, 659, 676, 694. Appointed to coraraand the troops ofthe South ern Colonies, 367. Letters to, frora Gov. Dinwiddie, I, 116, 145, 212, 234, 258, 305, 395, 398, 424, 447, 448, 453 ; II. 47, 58, 67. 85, 126, 169, 205, 232, 279, 308, 366, 367, 397, 447. 495. 501, 546. 604, 630, 638, 679, 686, 692. John, I, 138, 319. GENERAL INDEX. 761 Shaw, Capt, II, 77, 79, 81, 87. John, I, 377. Shawanese town, I, 23, 152. Sheffey, I, 9; II, 153. Shelton, Jane, II, 95. Richard, II, 95. Shenandoah County, I, 470; falls, 503 ; ferry, II, 389. Shepperton, II, 78. Sheriff, County, in Va., Duties of, L21. Sherlock, Thos., Bishop of Lon don. Biog. sketch of I, 410. William, I 410. Shingiss, King of the Delaware Indians, I, 181. Shippen, II, 15. Shippensburg, II, 209. Shipping, employed in Va. trade, I, 385, 440, II ; 52, 53, 284, 623. Shipton, I, no. Shirley, John Capt, I, 70. Thomas, I, 70. Wm., Gen., and Gov. of Mass., biog. sketch of, I, 69 ; letters to, from Gov. Dinwiddie. 69, 87, 458, II ; 73 129, 208, 244, 257, 261, 328, 355, 369, 394, 428, 451 ; orders Col. Dunbar to march against the French, 190 ; proposes a Conven tion of the Governors of the Southern Colonies, 245 ; men tioned, I, 114, 129,376,438,447,466; II, 5, 7, 15, 18, 23, 33 37, 41, 46, 117, 119, 124, 127, 128, 129 133, 139, 144, 147, 173, 182, 191, 196, 207, 252, 255, 259, 268, 281, 308, 325, 327 334, 360, 367. 371, 4". 412, 450 535. Wra., Secretary to Gen. Brad dock, I, 70; letter to, from Gov. Dinwiddie, II, 50. " Shirley," Va., I, 14, 463 ; II, 102. Shoreham, The, Capt. Julian Legge, I, 212, 309; II, 78. Shot, ordered of Col. Spotswood in Va., I, 443. "Shuter's Hall, Va., I, 14. Sibley, John II, 84. Silver and Gold, scarcity of, in Va., II, 91. Silver mines in Va., I, 387. Simms, I, 14. Slaughter, I, xxv. Philip, Rev.. D. D., I, 7, 412, 441- Staves, Negro, tax laid on the im portation of, I, 156; punishraent of, 384; fears of insurrection among, II, 102. Smith, Abrahara, Indian interpre ter, I, 60, 131, 267, 274. Letterto from Gov. Dinwiddie, 231. Alfred Russell, I, 37. Benj., of S. C. Letter to, from Gov. Dinwiddie, II, 29. David, I, 9. Elizabeth (Waddy), II, 153. Francis, II, 153. Jane, I, xxvi. John, of S. C, I, 212. John, Capt, or Major, or Col., I, xii ; II, 92, 154, 199, 211, 246, 279, 288, 295, 297, 298, 320, 321, 433, 489, 699. Letters to, from Gov. Dinwiddie, 153, 245, 322. Nicholas, I, 418. Richard, Interpreter, II, 694, 709, 710. Susan, I, xxvi. Susannah, II, 153. Wm., D. D., II, 630. Wm., Maj. Appointed to super intend the erection of forts, I, 313- Indian trader, of S. C, II, 305. Sm,ithfield, Va., II, 153, 505. Smithtown, Ireland, II, 9. Smollett, I, 113. Smuggling into Va., I, 386; II, 679. Snake root, I, 386. Society for Foreign Propagation of the Gospel, I, xxvii. Soldiers and Officers, Pay of, I, 106, 112, 172, 176, 258, 323. Som,ersetshire, England, I, 7; II, 376. Sons of Liberty, I, 416. Sophia, Princess. I, 68. South Carolina, I, 63, 70, 112, 122, 127, 131, 134, 135, 143, 171, 406, 469; II, 57, 92, 377; appropriation by, 43 ; fears of French invasion by, 604 ; troops under Bou quet sent to, 592, 603, 632 ; nura ber of militia and of negroes in, 661 ; Agent of, I, 38. Southampton county, Va., Tith ables of, II, 353. Southwell, Robert, Sir, his por trait, I, 268. Sower, Christian, I, 523. Spaight, Richard, Biog. sketch of, I, 439 ; II- 546. Richard Dobbs, I, 439. Spanish coin in Va.. II, 347. Sparhawk, Wra. P., I, 459. Sparks' Washington, cited, I, v, 22, 49, 146. 762 GENERAL INDEX. Speedwell, The, Capt. Webb, I, 71, 93, 98. 338. Spencer. Lady Diana, II, 6. Spithead, II, 251. Spiltdorph, Gustavus, Ensign, Biog. sketch of, I, 182, 269, 320. Spirits, Ardent, for soldiers and In dians, I, 170, 175. Splatterdashes, I, 238, 241. Spotswood, II, 411. Alex., Gov. of Va., I, x, 386, 443. John, Col., I, 443, 451; II. 289; letters to, from Gov. Dinwiddie, I, 443; 11,167, 711. Robert, Capt, II, 399, 401, 552, 622, 654, 670, 683, 702 ; death of, 654- Spotsylvania county, Va., I, 156; tithables of, II, 353, 392. Spotswood Letters, The, edited by R. A. Brock, cited, I, xxiii. Spry, Capt. ofthe Gibralter, 1,495, 501.Richard, Commodore, 11,428,439. Stafford county, Va., I, xxv, xxvi, 9, 18, no, 156, 387; II, 106, 392, 643 ; tithables of, 353. Staffordshire, England, I, xxiii, xxiv. Staige, Laetitia, II, 162. Stair, Lord, I, xix. Stalkiner, Capt, II, 407, 448, 451, 454, 455, 503, 566, 567, 581, 589, 613. Stam,p Act, The, I, 72, 114, 122, 416. Stamps, Wm., II, 109. Stanwix, Brig. Gen., II, 568. John, Col., Biog. sketch of, II, 568; mentioned, 583, 590, 593, 629, 631, 642, 643, 646, 653, 658, 663, 664, 666, 670, 676, 694, 702, 706. Starke, Wm., I, 481. Wm., Lieut, notice of, I, 481 ; II, 386, 399, 401. Starkey, John, I, 232. Staunton, Va., I, 470. Staves and shingles, exported from Va., I, 386. Stead, Benj., of S. C, Letters to from Gov. Dinwiddie, II, 634, 675, 689, 716 ; mentioned, 636, 673, 704. Steers used in waggoning, II, 60. Stephen, Adam, Col., Biog. sketch of, I, 112; mentioned, 173, 261, 319, 391, 427, 428, 431, 435, 445, 450, 471, 499; II, 37, 247, 261,292, 318, 326, 330, 331, 332, 384, 402, 480, 533" 546, 573 , (commands troops sent to S. C), 592, 632, 635, 639, 644, 674, 675, 703, 705 ; letters to from Gov. Dinwiddie, I, 263, 345, 411, 520; II, 8, 13, 149, 233,530, 634, 674, 704, 718. Stephens, store-keeper at Pampa- tike, Va., II 363, 330. Stephenson, Isabella, I, xxvi. Stevens, Thomas, I, 479. Stewart, I, 442, 444. Araelia, Lady, I, 467. Charles, II, 574. David, Major or Col., I, xii, 198, 199 ; letters to from Gov. Din widdie, 100, 151, 190. 220, 288. Francis, Earl of Moray, I. 467. Walter, Lieut, Notice of, I, 320 ; raentioned, 358, 390, 434,445,446, 490; letters to from Gov. Din widdie, 464. Stirling, Lord, II, 23, 45. Stirling Castle, II, 425. Stith, Drury, I, 387. Wm , Rev., I. 4, 20, 154. Stoddard, I, 14. Stone, Andrew, I, 98 ; II, 269. Captain, Notice of, II, 64, 68. W. L., his Life of Sir 'Wm. John son, cited, II, ii. Strahan, Capt, I, 234. Stratton Major parish, Va., II, 106. Street, John, II, 671, 676. Stroud, Blue, II, 672. Strother, Benj., I, 9. Jane, I 9. Williara, I, 9. Stuart, Andrew, I, xxiv, xxvii, xxviii. Archibald, I, xxiv. A. H. H., Hon., I, xxiv, 470. Charles, I, xxviii. Charles Edward, the Pretender, II, 166. Eleanor, I, xxviii. Elizabeth, I, xxviii. Henry, I, 108. James, I, xxviu. John, Rev., D.D., I, xxvii. Mary I, xxviii. Robert, Capt., I, no, 415, 434 ; II, 34, 179,201, 317, 399; biog. sketch of, I, 434 ; commands Light- horse, 425 ; letter from Gov. Din widdie to, II, 81. Sudbury, II, 411. Summer, II, 248. Sunderland, Earl of, II, 6. Surveyor General, of Va., I, 20. of customs, II, 292. of lands, appointed by WUliam and Mary College, I, 20, 145. GENERAL INDEX. 763 Susquehanna, I, lo ; French in vasion ofthe, 264, 267. Sussex county, tithables of, II, 353. Swallow, The, Indian chief, II, 644, 645. SwANN, John, I, 232. Sarauel, I, 232. Swearingen, Capt, II, 708. Swiftsure, The, Admiral Keppel, IL 357- Swivel guns, I, 220. Swope, II, 153. Sydnor, I, xxvi. Syren, The, Capt. Proby, II, 5. Tah-gah-jute, or Logan and Cre sap, cited, I, 10. Talbot, Captain, I, 114. Col., Geo., murders Christopher Rousley, I, 212. Matthew, Capt. or Col., Biog. sketch of, letter to from Gov. Dinwiddie, II, 109 ; mentioned, 678. Taliaferro, Major, II, 106. Tanacharison, or Half-King, Biog. sketch of, I, 148. Tanner, Branch, Lieut, II, 157. Tar made in Va., II, 578. Tarachawagon, Indian name of Conrad Weiser, I, 6. Tarbot, 1, 453. Tasker, Anne, I, 14. Anne (Ogle), I, n. Benj.,T, 13. Benj., Jr., I, 13. Benj., CoL, Gov. of Md., Biog. sketch of, I, 13; raentioned, 11, 213 ; II, 597 ; letter to frora Gov. Dinwiddie, I, 67. Elizabeth, I 13, 14. Frances, I, 14. Frances A., II, 376. John, I, 13. Rebecca, I, 14. Thomas, I, 13 Tasker's mare Selima, I, 13. Tassaker, I, xxv. Taunton. England, II, 589. Tax, A general tax proposed for the Colonies, I, 496; on land and negroes in Va., II, 86, Export, land and poll, laid in Va. II, 340, 639. Tayloe, I, 14 ; II, 722. Anne (Corbin), II, 376. EUzabeth, I, 494- John, I, 494; 11,375, 442. John Col.. I, 4. John, of "Mt Airy," 11,375- Wm., II, 375. Wm., of London, II, 375. Taylor, I, 14 ; II, 153. , Elizabeth, I, 470. Geo., Col., Notice of, II. 104. Vincent, a deserter, II, 66. Teague, Capt, II, 346, 352, 359, 376. " Tedington," II, 375. Tellico, S. C, II, 658. Temple farm., Va., Torabs at, I, x. Temple, The, London, I, 71. Tennessee river, I, 7, 485 ; forts on, II. 511. Tents, I, 90, 106, 125, 144, 150 ; sup plied N. Y. and S. C. by Va., 217, 238 ; raade in Va., II. 4, 37, 200, 247. Terry, Nath'l, Capt, II, 157, 158. Tevis, II, 153. Thanet, Isle of, I, xxiii. Thaw, Capt. ofthe Fame, II, 346. Thistle, The Order of the, II, i. Thomas, II, 153. Cornelius, Lieut, II, 95. James, a deserter, II, 422. Thompson, II, 510, 652. Thomson. II, 153. Thornton, I, 412; II, 153. Colonel, I, 290. Elizabeth, I, 412. Mildred, I, 412. William, I, 408. Ticonderoga, I, 399 ; II, 10, 14, 260, 465- Tilbury, The, lost at sea, II, 718. Timberlake, II, 482. TlNGEY, I, 14. Tingle, Sara'l, of the Sloop John, II, 22, 23. Tinker, Gov., (?) II, 263. Letter to frora Gov. Dinwiddie, II, 280. Tippling houses, 11,483. Titfiables in Va., II, 345, 352, 474. Tobacco, Duties on, I, 38 161, 164, 224, 338 452, 389 ; warehouses or ''rolling houses" for, 38, 87; trans portation of, 39; soldiers paid in, 49 ; as currency, 49 ; for Indians, 460; low price of, II, 340; crop of 1757, 575 ; product of Va. and Md., 578; exports of 1750-6, I, 386. Tongas, England, I, 100. Tonnollaway Creek, Fort on, II, 496. Tool, Mat, II, 546. Tortuga, II, 375. Towers, Jaraes, Lieut., Notice of, I, 319, 434. Letter to, frora Gov. Dinwiddie, 435. 764 GENERAL INDEX. Townshend, Audrey, Lady, II, 14. Trenton, Battle of, II, 104. Chas., Viscount, II, 14. Trinkets of Silver for the Indians, Geo., Marquis, II, 14. II, 561. Roger, Col., II, 14. Trinity Churchyard, N. Y., II, 166. Trade, Board of I, 338, 343, 375. Trinity College, Cambridge, II, 652. Lords of, Merabers of, 1,98; II, Triton, 7%^, Capt Whitwell, I 314; 269. Mentioned, I, 118, 211, 248; II, 2. II, 28, 197, 377. Letters to, from Troops, Va., uniform of, II, 395. Gov. Dinwiddie, I, 98, 160, 205 Tryall, Col. Byrd's horse, I, 14. (railitary intelligence, asks Tryon, Gov., I, 123. troops and supplies) 239, 278, 327, Tucker, I, 115. 362, 400, 475, 491, 526 ; II, 52, 70, Beverley, Mrs., II. 96. (transraits Acts of the Asserably), Johanna, II, 723. 192, 284, 388, (report on popula- Robert, Notice of, I, 146; II, 723. tion and state of Va.) 352, 353, Robert, Jr., I, 146. 354, 373, 440, 463, 540, 576, 623. St. George Judge, II, 688. Trade of Va., how conducted, 1, 385; Tuckahoe Creek, II, 95. with the Indians, 152, 184, 192, Tuly, Chas., Ensign, II, 95. 237, (chiefly by N. Y., Pa., and Tureil, Dan'l II, 47. S. C.) 273 ; greed practiced in, Turie, I, 508. II, 203, 340. Tur key-foot, fall, I, 170. Tradesmen, or Mechanics, II, 389. "Turkey Island," I, 71 ; II, 292,722. Treasurer of Va., I, 73, 107, 108, Turk's Island, II. 454. 160, (also Speaker of the House Turnbull, I, 296 ; II, 305, 371, 408. of Burgesses) 200, 307, 312, motes Robert, II. 713, 723. of, to pass as money) II, 192. 291, Turner, I. 14. 407. Letters to the, frora Gov. Coraptroller of Ordnance, Bos- Dinwiddie, 490, 590. ton, Mass., II. 428. Letter to. Treasury, Lords of the. Letters to, from Gov. Dinwiddie, II, 411. from Gov. Dinwiddie, I, 160, 402; Turtle Creek, II, 653. II, 53. 71, 271, 286, 429, 465, 575, Ulster, Ireland; I, 113. 624. How composed, 271. Uniforms, Military, I, 106, no, 116, Treaties, with France, I, x ; II, 10; 120, 178, 488. at Fontainbleau, I, xx ; 3.1 Aix la Union of the Colonies, Plan of the, Chappelle, 201, 382; II, 10, 64, 1,81,254,257,260,378; 11,17. 652; of Utrecht, I, 8, 377, 381, Union Theol. Seminary, II 336. 382 ; II; 339. United Slates Supreme Court, I, with the Indians, on the Ohio, I, 166. .xix; of Gov. Glen with the Cher University of Pa., I, xxvii. okees, 61 ; of Gov. Nicholson with Upshaw, II, 104. the same, 131 ; with the Senecas Urbanna, Va., II, 232. in 1749, 95 ; with the Six Nations, Ushant II, 5. 141,257; 3.1 Albany in 1685, 141, Van Braam, Jacob, Major, Biog. 146, 257; in 1754, 141, 215, 216; sketch of, I, 51; his misrepre- 11,349; at Logstown. in 1752,1, sentation of the articles of capit- 6, 11,272.368,377,398: at Lan- ulation at Fort Necessity, 51; caster in 1744, I, 6, 22, 96, 272, raentioned, 113,114, 182, 233,313, 368, 377, 381; 11,349, 351, 465; 498 518; 11,228 with the Catawbas and Cherokees Van Brugh, Catharine, II, 23. in 1754 I. 487; II, 427, 445, 465. Vance, II, 153. Expense of the last two named, Captain, II, 582. II, 465; of Col. Innes, I, 422, 430. " Vancluse," Va., I, 115. Trent, Sergeant, II, 464. Vanderd, II, 333. Wm., Capt, Notice of, I, 22 ; his Vagrant Act of the Va. Assembly instructions, 55; raises a cora- for recruiting the militia, I, 405, pany, 56; commissioned, 56; raen- 413 ; II, 628. tioned, 106, 109, in, 112, 120, 127, Vanmeter, Jacob, Notice of, 1, 432 129 147, 149, 151, 152, 161, 170; Varle, Capt, I, 277. II, 422. Vass or Voss, Capt., II, 581. GENERAL INDEX. 765 Vass' fort, II, 482, 581, 622, 685. Venango, now Franklin, Pa., I, 349, 428 ; II. 243. Vermillion for the Indians, II, 493. Vice Adm,iral and Gov. of Va., I, 184. Villiers, M., II, 228. Vincennes, I, 185. Volunteers of Va., I, 99, 143, 257 ; II, 8 ; need clothing, 287, 299, 304. 309 ; pay of, 323 ; II, 8 ; reorgani zation of, 369. 372, 409 ; how or ganized by Gen. Braddock, 515 ; reorganization proposed by Col. Washington, gallantry of, in cam paign of 1758, I, xix ; at defeat of Braddock, II, 135 ; prefer native officers, 431 ; regulations regard ing, 185 ; II, 584; bounty to, II, 432. Voltaire, II, 652. Voorhies, II 153. Voyage from London to Va., Time requisite for, II, 448. Virginia, Agent of, at London, I, 37, 138 139, 160,210. Assembly, for acts, see Assembly. Burgesses.io'c acts, see Bwgesses. Boundaries of. Early I, 380; in 1755 381 ; II, 339; of and Mary land, I, 10, 13; of and N. C, I, 8; II, 95- 589 ; of and Pa., I, 22, 118, 354; western of, I, 96; II, 343. Bill of Rights, I, xxiii, 18. Burthen of, in defence, I, 203. Climate and Soil of, I, 381. Conventions of 1775, I, 72, 113 ; of 1861, I, 471. Coast, Defenceless condition of, II 577- Calendar of State Papers, Palm er's, cited, I, 9. Counties of, I, 383 Courts of, I, 383-7. Expeditions of, 11,42. Forces of. See Militia, Rangers and Volunteers. Fry & Jefferson's map o/", I, 8 ; II, 895. (That in this work from the original, in the possession of Major Jed. Hotchkiss, C. E., Staunton, Va.) Government of , 1,383; incidental expenses of, I, 353 ; expenditures in. 389. 390. Historical Register, cited, I, xii. Historical Society, I, xxiv, i, 8. 95, in, 190; II, 95 ; cabinet of, I, 507; Collections of, cited, I, xxiii, 443- Horse-racing in. Early, I, 13, 14. Inhabitants of, lI, 349. Jefferson's Notes on, cited, I, 10. Land Registry ,'R&corAs of, cited, I- 2, 370, 374, 481 ; II, 591. Lands, Survey and map of, pro posed in 1737. 1,7. Laws of, Editions of, referred to, I, 18, 316, 418. Militia, Number of, II, 344 ; pay of, I, 354 ; II, 481. Military Districts Cf, I, 325. Minerals, I, 386, 387. Mitchell's, Dr. fohn. Works re garding II, 232. Naval and port officers of, II, 597- , Officials, salaries of, I, 353. Officers of Volunteers, Gov. Din widdie requests that they be placed on the British Establish ments, I, 376. Planting of. First, I, 46. Population of, I, 387. Revenues of, I, 389; II, 53 ; from fines and forfeitures, I, 389. State of, in 1755, Report on the, I, 380, 390. Supplies furnished by, to the gen eral service, II, 46, 182. Trade of, how conducted, I, 385 ; shipping eraployed in 385 ; im ports, 386 ; exports 386 ; lists of reported to the Board of Trade, II, 52, 623. Virginias, The, Maj. Jed. Hotch kiss, editor, cited, I, 282. Wabash or Obash river, I, 62, Wade, Marshall, I, 208. Waddill, Hugh, Capt, Notice of, I, 487. Wager, Chas., Sir ; his portrait, I, 208. Waggener, Andrew, Capt, I, 114. Edmund, Ensign, I, I, 114, 445. Thomas, Capt, I, 114, 177, 181, 183, 319, 412, 420 428, 431, 4.34, 435, 445, 461 ; II, 177, 201, 240, 241. 316, 562, 592, 622. Waggener' s fort, II, 720 Wagons, capacity of, I, 170. _ Wahawtehew, Indian chief, II, 609. Waite, Wra. I, xxiv. Walden. Nannie F., I, xxiv. Wales, William, xxiv. Walke Anthony, I, 441. Walker, Courtenay, II, 104 Lucy, II, 104.- 766 GENERAL INDEX. Walker, Mary Peachy, II, 336. Thomas, Dr., Capt or Major, Mention of I, 9, 21, 412, 421, 431, 432, 436, 440 442, 460, 502 ; II, 7, 40, 80, 150, 165, 182, 336, 392, 507, 560, 565, 572, 585, 670 711, 719; appointed Adjutant of frontiers ; biographical sketch of, I, 412; appointed Commissary, 424 ; his salary, 440 ; Letters to frora Gov. Dinwiddie, I, 412, 424. 436, 439, 463.489.503; II. II, 13,558,562, 574- Walkerton, Va., II, 104. Waller, Benj., II., 91. Colonel, Duel of, with Gen. Brad dock, I, 511. Walpole, Horace, Lord, Notice of, I, 165, Mentioned 166, 342, 374, 511 ; Letters to from Gov. Din widdie, 165, 543, 370. Robert, Sir, I, 165, 201 ; II, 652 ; his portrait, I, 208. Walpole's grant, Thos., I, 18. Walthoe, Nicholas, I, 2,9, 10,510; II, 583, 596. His portrait, I, 9. Wampum,, I, 10, n, 147, 170, 181, 188, 189, 190, 193, 204, 207, 214, 230, 309, 312, 422, 427, 430, 452, 460, 518; II, 20, 188, 189, 657. 672. Warburton, Lieut.-General, II, 64, 69, 293. Ward, Edmund, Ensign, I, 147, 148, 151, 169, 323. Wardlaw, Elizabeth, Mrs., I, 467. Warm Springs Mountain, I, in. Warner, , I, 405. Warren, Sir Peter, Admiral, II, to. Warren frigate, I, ix. Warwick, II, 153, 581. Warwick coimty, Va., Tithables of, II. 353- iv ashingion family of Va., I, 10. Washington, Augustine, I, 17, 441. George, Major, sent to the French on the Ohio, I, xi, 49. 59; ap pointed Lieut.-Col., xvi, 49; his journal, 49; appointed Col., xii; inspects frontier ports, xii ; his regard for Miss French, 15 ; Lord Fairfax, his friend, 19; mentioned 51, 73, 82, 85, 87, 88. 91, 108, 109, no, 112, 114, 115, 146, 161, 163, 166, 171, 187, 188, 203, 205, 206 208, 209, 211, 213 214, 216, 225, 227, 228, 233, 239, 242, 243, 253, 256, 258, 261, 264, 271, 275, 276, 277, 313, 318 321, 326, 337, 390. 393, 412, 420, 471, 494, 497, 524; II, 23, 41, 44, 46, 48, 49, 116, 134, 153- 183. 199, 206, 211, 227, 233, 244, 248, 249, 250, 252, 264, 287, 294. 298, 308, 311, 329, 331, 335, 337, 368, 376, 382, 393, 397, 408, 410, 414, 447, 486, 491, 493, 504, 532, 547, 554, 562, 565, 571, 574, 604, 605, 629, 631, 646, 653, 656, 675, 678, 682, 685, 701, 710, 720, 721; Indian name of, I, 223; re signs his coraraission, 403; pro phecy of Rev. Sarai. Davies, regarding his career, II, 157; appointed to chief comraand of the Va. forces ; his coraraission and instructions, 183-187; al lowed an aid and authorized to appoint staff officers, 186; recora raended by Gov. Dinwiddie for a commission in the British army, 191-425; supplied with a military chest, 202 ; his zeal and activity in Augusta county during a savage invasion, 241 ; Gov. Dinwiddie solicits a brevet cora raission for hira, 327 ; goes to Boston to consult with Gen. Shirley, 360 ; proposes a reorgan ization of the Va. forces, 384; asks a corarai.ssion for his brother, 385 ; approves sentence of death by a court martial held at AVin- chester, 401 ; his instructions to Capt Peter Hogg in building line of forts, 460; settles his brother's estate, 655 ; conspiracy to reraove hira frora command in 1777, I, 115; attended by Dr. Dick in his last illness, 415 ; let ters of, to Gov. Dinwiddie, re garding pay, enlistments, and clothing, I. 92 ; complains of want of transportation, and gives in formation ofthe French, 151, 168,. 174, 176, 184 , in reference to Indian allies, 191 ; thanks lor promotion and complaining of the assumptions ofthe officers of the independent companies, 197 ; complains of commissaries, 220; recommends regulations of sol diers' pay, requests clothing and martial law, 287 ; recommends Wright for a commission, com mends Peyronnie, Adjutant CampbeU, and Frazier, 288 ; gives account of the panic in Augusta county from Indian invasion, 236-242, 315, 317, 383; gives ac- GENERAL INDEX. 767 count of engagement near Win chester, 386; letters to the Half King, I. 192 ; to Col. Fry, 183 ; to Lord Fairfax, asking railitia, 387; to Andrew Montour, II, 243; letters frora Gov. Dinwiddie, coraplaining of delay in the raarch of the troops, fall of Fort Prince George, etc., I, 148 ; in regard to the discontent in his command, 171 ; commending his conduct, 186 ; in regard to Geo. Croghan, interpreter, 187 ; in reference to discontent among the officers, 189; (transraitting commission as Col.), 193, 221, (in reference to Indian allies), 229, (ordering him to raarch over the Alleghany mountains), 262, (instructs him to send Capt. Lewis, with 40 men to Augusta county, and in reference to the pay of Adjutant), 315, (congratulating him on his gal Iant behaviour at the defeat of ¦ Braddock), II, 123, 200, 247, 253, 291, 325, 381, 382 387. 401, 406, 422, 431, 434, 479, 484, 506, 522, 525- 528, 551, 559, 563, 572, 584, 592, (directing hira to send troops to S. C ), 606, (instructions as to the stationing of his forces) 622, (as to his table allowance), 627, 635- 643. 654, 658, 668, 683, 693, 700, 701, 706, 709, 712, 715. John Augustine, I, in. John, of Westmoreland county, I, 481. Lawrence, I, 17, 387. Samuel, I, 441 ; II, 197. Waterford, Pa.. I, 310. Watkins, Constance, II, 278. John, II, 278. Watson, I, 483; II. 371, 671, & Cairnes, I, 438, & Co., I, 460. Watson's Annals, cited, I, 523. Watts, John. II, 166. Margaret, II, 166. Webb, Capt. of the Speedwell, i, 71, 93, 98. Col. or Gen., II, 521, 602, 690. Wedderburn, Peter, Sir, I, 466. Weems, I, I4. Weiser, Conrad, Biog. sketch of, I, 6, 7, 320. Welbourne Hall, I, 14- Weld's Travels in N America, cited, I, 30. Wensh ferry carriage, The, I, 524. West, Benj., I, 16. Capt, I, 467. John, Lieut, Notice of, I, 115, 182. 184, 189, 288. Virginia, I, 471. West Indies, 1, 14,80, 113, 115; II, 25. Westcote, Baron, II, 217. Western Reserve Hist. Society, cited, I, 22. Westminster Abbey, I, 400. Westmoreland county, I, xxiv, 21; II, 202. Tithables of, 353. Westover, Va., I, xix. Its gaUery of portraits, 208 ; II, no, 316. Westover MSS. I, 387. Westover Parish, II, 589. Westphalia, II, 662. Wetherburn, I, I. Wharton, Sam'l, 1, 523. Wheat, Annual exports of Va., I, 386 ; affected by embargo, II, 665. Whiffle John, II, 400. Whiskey and tobacco for the In dians, I 460. White, II, 153. John, ofthe Boutwell shallop, II, 372. Whitehall, I, 208. Whitehaven, England, I, 8. Whitehead, John B., Hon., I, xiv. White Sulphur Springs, I, xxvi. Whitwell, Matthew. Capt of the Triton, I, 213, 224, 302; 322 ; II, 2. Wilberforce, II, 104. Wilkins, Rev. Geo , I, xxiv. William, King, of "glorious mera ory," I, 46. Williams, Lieut, II, 399, 655. Williamsburg, Va., Addre.ss of cor porate authorities of to Gov. Dinwiddie on his arrival in the colony, I, I ; on his departure from, II, 724; seal of, 725 ; men tioned, I, I, 6, 9, 12, 114, 169, 185, 197. 230; II, 336 ; municipal gov ernment of, I, 183. William and Blary College, Va., address of faculty of, to Gov. Din widdie, I, 3 ; mentioned, 7, 14, 20, 23, 71, 114, 166; II, 376, 697; fac ulty of to 1752, I, 4. Willianawaugh of Tohoe, a Cherokee warrior, letter from Gov. Dinwiddie to, II, 700. Willie, II, 153. Willis, II, 723- John, I, 173, 179- . , , Willis' Current Notes, cited, I, 190. Wills', now Cumberland Creek, I, 8, 54. 64, 67, 69, 79. 83, 86, 87, 89, 768 GENERAL INDEX. 112, 113, 116, 119, 147, 151, 169, 182, 188, 221, 242, 246 255, 256, 259, 260, 261, 263, 264, 265, 269, 273, 278, 297, 306, (forces at), 309, 315, 316, 319, 322, 327, 351, 371. 415, 454, 468, 479, 493, 500; II, 13, 18. Wilmington, N. C, I, 123. Wilson, John, a West Indian, II, 500, 527- Old Mr., II, 532. " Wilton " Va., II, 722. Winchester, Earl of, II 652. Winchester, Va., I, 9, 23, 58, (raeet ing with the Indians at, in 1755), 53, 60, 79, 99, 113, 115, 117, 129, 131, 132, 141, 146, 147' 159, 162, 166, 169, 170, 174, 184, 193, 201, 204, 205, 207, 214, 216, 224, 229, 230, 233, 265, 271, 274, 276, 310, 320, 415 (wagon road from Phila delphia), 517; II, 12, 127, 139, 185, 242, 252, 349, 369, (engagement near), 387, 395 (fortified magazine at), 529- Winjield, W. Va., I, 471. Winslow, Gen., II, 469. Winthrop, John Steel, II, 412. Wirt, I, 412. Wise Legion, I, xxvi. Wisenburgh, Catharine, II, 10. Withers, John, I, 441. Sarah, I, 441. Wm., Sec'y of Gov. Dinwiddie, Notice of descendants of, I, 441 ; mentioned, II, 197. Wolfe, Gen., I, xx; II, 14. Wofnelsdorf, I, 6. Wood, I, 431, 445, 509. Abram, I, 282. Colonel, II, 154, 199. James, Col., I. 271. Robert, Sec'y to Lord Granville, II, 56. Wood's Gap, I, 282. Woodfall, II, 104. Woodson, II, 153. John, II, 278. Obadiah, Capt, Notice of, II, 278; mentioned, I, xii; II, 278, 295, 296, 312, 320, 357, 654 ; letters to from Gov. Dinwiddie, II, 278, 297, 323. Woodward, Henry, Capt., II, 219, 359, 401, 622 ; notice of, 401. WOODVILLE, II, 153. WoodviUe, Va.. I, .xxiii. Woolley, I, 9 ; II, 153. Wormeley, II, 375, 723. Agatha, II, 375. Christopher, Capt, II, 375. John, of "RosegUl," II, 375. Judith, 11,375- Ralph, II, 375. 442. Ralph, of "RosegiU," II, 375. Ralph, of York county, II, 375. Wostenholme, II. 689. Daniel, 1,448,451.453,521; 11,59; letters to frora Gov. Dinwiddie, I. 478 ; II, 64. Wragg, Sam'l, I, 400. Wm., I, 274, 400, 408, 468; Biog. sketch of, 400 ; letter to frora Gov. Dinwiddie, II, 27, 62, 214. Wraxall Peter, Letters to from Gov. Dinwiddie, notice of, I, 254; II, 470. Wray, Arms of, II, 591. Capt, 11,591,617. Letters to from Gov. Dinwiddie, 593. George, Capt, Epitaph of, II, 591. Jacob, II, 591. Thomas, II, 591. Wright, 1, 14, 441. Alex'r, II, 337 ; letter to from Gov. Dinwiddie, 218. John, of S. C, I, 212. Priscilla. I, 441. WiHiam, Capt, I, 261, 289, 316, 320, 499 ; II, 93, 154 ; letters to from Gov. Dinwiddie, 1, 500; II, 92 Wyandotte Indians, I, 191, 193, 204, 207, 214, 229, 230. Wynn, Robert, II, 211. Wynne, Thos. H., Hon., I, xiv, 387. Wythe, George, I, 470 ; his design for the seal of Va., I, .xv. Yarbrough, Wra., I, 414. Yarmouth, I, 2. Yates, Bartholomew, I, 4. Yaughyaughany, or Yoxhio-Geni, II, 221. Great Crossing of, I, 169. Second Crossing of, I, I69. 174, 175. Yellow Fever in Va., II, 232. ybr^ co««/y, I 'a. .Tithables of, 11,353 Yorksfiire, England, I, 10; II, 375. York river. Enlistments on, I, 108; forts on, II, 342 ; naval officers, of, 591- Yorktown, Hospital at, in the Rev olution, I, 115. Notice of, 462. Mentioned, II, 342. Young, II, 652. John, Col., Recoramended as Gov. of \'a., II, 599. Notice of, 602. Letter to, frora Gov. Din widdie, 666. Yuille, Capt, I, 352. Zenger's Trial, I, 16. YALE UNIVERSITY 139002 00^+1061 19b