YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY MISCELLANEOUS STATE PAPERS. From 150 1 to 1726. .IN TWO VOLUMES. V* V O L. II. VETUSTIS NOVITATEM DARE, NOVIS AUCTORITATEM,' OBSOLETIS NITOREM, OBSCURIS LUCEM, DUBIIS FIDEM, &c. PLIN. HIST. NAT. ¦ 1 %. ' LONDON: s . PRINTED FOR W. STRAHANJ AND T. CADELL, IN THE STRAND. MDCCLXXVIII. CONTENTS OFTHE SECOND VOLUME. No. I. Letters of King Charles I. Lord Carlijfe, and Secretary - Conway, to the Duke -of Buckingham. Page i [From the Harleian Galle&ion.] King Charles to the Duke of Buckingham, Nov. 20, 1625, 2 King Charles to the Duke of Buckingham, Nov. 26, 3 Lord Carlifle to the, Duke of Buckingham, Nov. 20, 4 Secretary Cowway to the Duke of Buckingham, Nov. 30, 5 Secretary Conway to the Duke oj Buckingham, Dec. 16, 10 King Charles to the Duke of Bucking ham, 1626, 12 King Charles to the Duke of Buckingham, Aug. 13, 1627, 13 King Charles to the Duke of Buckingham, Aug. 25, 15 King Charles to the Duke of Buckingham, Sept. 2, ibid. King Charles to the Duke of Buckingham, Sept. 20, 16 King Charles to the Duke of Buckingham, Ocl. 1, 17 King Charles to the Duke of Buckingham, 051. 13, 19 King Charles to the Duke of Buckingham, Nov. 6, 20 King Charles to the Duke of Buckingham, Feb. 23, 21 King Charles to the Duke of Buckingham-, Feb. 23, 29, A 2 No. IV CONTENTS. No. II. If e of Rhe Expedition. ; — — Page 23 [From the Paper Office.] Mr. De Vic to Lord Conway, July 27, 1627, ibid. Duke ofButkingham to Lord Conway, July 28, 27 Mr. De Vic to Lord Conway, Aug. 14, — 31 Duke of Buckingham to Edward Nicholas, Efqy 34 Mr. De Vic to Lord Conway, Aug. 24, — 35 Duke of Buckingham to Lord Conway, Aug. 24, 38 Duke of Buckingham to Lord Conway, 40 Mr. DeVic to Lord Conway , Sept. 4. 41 Mr. De Vic to Lord Conway^ Sept. 43 Duke of Buckingham to Lord Conway, Sept. 19, , 45 Sir William Beecher to Lord Conway, Sept. 2 7, 46 Sir William Be£cher to Lord Conway, Ocl. 3", 48 Mr. De Vic to Lard Conway, Ocl. 22,, • 51 No. III. Papers about afecret Treaty with the Flemings. 54 [From the Paper Office.] Extraclsfrom Mr. Gerbier' s Account giyen.to his Majefiy ofthe State of the Catholic States, Aug. 14, 1632,, re Copy of his Majefiy- s Letter, which he wrote * to Mr. Gerbier, ' Agent at Brufifeh, all with his. oxvn Handt and wasjent pre- fently by an Exprefs, Aug. 21, 1.632, 70 Secretary, Coke to Mr. Gerbier, — . — 80 < Secretary Coke to Mr. Gerbitr, September 24, 8 l Secretary Coke to Mr. Gerbier, 051. 6, ¦ ^a Secretary Coke to Mr. Gerbier, Ocl. 30, < g~ Heads propofed to the King's Confideration, May 15,1633, 88 Mr. CONTENTS. Mr. Gerbier to Secretary Coke, June 24, Page 90 Mr. Gerbier to Secretary Coke, July 1, 92 No. IV. .'. ' Scotch Troubles, 1637-41. 94 [From the Archives of the Hamilton Family, the Paper Office, &c] The Earl of Traquair to the Marquis of Hamilton, Ocl. ig, ,637, gs Earls of Traquair and Roxburgh to the Marquis of Hamilton, Feb. 17, 1637-$, — — 97 Earl of Traquair to the Marquis of Hamilton, Feb. 26, qq The Same to the Same, March j, — — — joi The Same to the Same, March 22*, ¦ 102 The Same to the Same, — — ¦ 103 'the Same to Lord Jufiice Clerk, — — I0^ The Same to the Marquis of Hamilton, May 17, 1638, 107 The Same to the Same, July 13,. ....- I09 The Same, to the Same:, July. 20, " '¦' j / ; m Marquis of Hamilton to King Charles I. Nov. 27, j 13 ¦ Earl of Traquair to the Marquis of Hamilton,. Nov. 30, ^121 r The Same to. the Same, Jan. 5,. 1638-9, 122 Lord St. Albans and Clanricarde to. Secretary Windebank, April 9, 1.25 The Same to. the Same, April 1 4, — — 127 Countefs of Wefimorland to Francis Windebank, May 6, 128'' Pacification.of Berwick, June 8, 1639, !g0 Private Warrant from King Charles I. to the Marquis of Hamil ton, to converje with the Covenant ers^ July 17, 14.1 A Relation concerning the Scots Proceedings; their Natures and prefent Efiates, with their Intentions, and fome Ways to, ani mate this Country againfi them, and. divide themfelves. By fine who hath long refided there, Feb. 1 o, 1 63 9-40, 1 42 Secretary. VI CONTENTS, Secretary Windebanke to the Lord Conway* Aug. 14, 1640, Page 146 Minutes of Cabinet Council, Aug. 16, 1640, — — 147 Mr. Treafurer Vane to Secretary Windebanke, Aug. 23, 151 The Same to the Same, Aug. 23, 153 Copy of the Lord Conway'j Letter to Mr. Treafurer, fent to the LordCottington, by the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Aug'. 2 1 » 154. Sir H. Vane to Windebanke, Aug. 25, ¦ ¦ < 155 The Same to the Same, Aug. 28, ...... 1^3 The LordConway's Letter to Mr. Treqjkrer, Aug* 24, 159 Lord 'Conway 's Letter to Mr. Treafurer, Aug. 26, 161 Mr. Treafurer Vane to Secretary Windebanke, Aug.. 29, 162 The Same to the Same, Aug. 30, — — - 164 The Same to the Same, Aug. 30, —_ - j5r Ex trail ofthe Lord Lieutenant * Letter to his Majefiy, Aug. 30, 166 Mr. TreajwrerVane to Secretary Windebdtdte, Sept. 1, 167 Memorial, Council, and Committee, Sept. 2, - ¦ 168 Lord Conway to Secretary Windebanke, Sept. 9, 171 Sir H. Vane to Secretary Windebanke, Sept. 11, 172 The Same to the Same, Sept. 13, ¦ ¦¦-. jjfi The Same to the Same, Sept. 14, 177 The Same to the Same, Sept. 1 6, 1 80 The Same to the Same, Sept. 18, ¦ 181 The Same to the Same, Sept. 20, — — jgq The Same to the Same, Sept. 22, . j 84 The Same to the Samey Sept. 24, xqq The Same to the Same, Sept. 25, - jgg The Same to the Same, Sept. 2 7, jg0 The Same to the Same, Sept. 29, — Iqo The Same to the Same, Oil. 1. . 1Q_ 1 The CONTENTS. The Same to the Same, OB. 6, - — - Page 103 The Same to the Same, Q&. 9, — — — 1 04. Lord St. Albans and Clanriearde to the Same, Ocl. 9, j 96 Mr. Treafurer Vane to the Same, Ocl. 11, — 107 The Same to the Same, Ocl. 13, ' ~- 199 Secretary Windebanke to the Earl of Northumberland, Oil. 13, 200 Mr. Treafurer Vane to Secretary Wuidehmke* Qfk. 17, sat The Same to the Same, Oil. 2o> ¦ — — 205 The Same to the Same, Oil. 21, - ibid. The Same to the Same, Oil. 23, 204 jLord Keeper Finch to the Ss>ueen, Oil. 23, ¦ 205 Earl of St. Albans and Clanriearde to Secretary Windebanke, Oil. 26, 207 Minutes ofthe Great Council of the Peers at Tork,Tuefday 25th September, 1640, in thzfozenooy.^ 208 Ditto, 25th September, in the afternoon. ——— 215 Ditto, 26th September, in the morning, 217 Ditto, 2(>th September, in the afternoon, -• ...- 223 Ditto, 2,%th September, in the forenoon, — 227 Ditto, 2%th September, in the afternoon, 234 Ditto, agfh September, in the forenoon, 236 Ditto, igth September, in the afternoon, 240 Ditto, 6th Oilober, in the afternoon, 241 Ditto, 1 th OBober, in the forenoon, 248 Ditto, gth OeToher, in the afternoon, -. 250 Ditto, nth October, in the afternoon, 253 Ditto, 12th Oilober, in the afternoon, 257 Ditto, i$th Oilober, in the forenoon, — — » 267 Ditto, r$th Oilober, in the afternoon, — — 276 Ditto, t^th Oilober, in the, afumom, »^— - 283 Ditto, vu ¦vm CONTENTS. Ditto, zBth Oilober, in the afternqon, Page 290 A Relation ofthe Incident, 1641, by Lord Lanerick, .299 No. V. Papers relating to Monmouth's rebellion. — 304 [From the Harleian MSS.] King James's Account ofthe Battle ofSedgmoor, 305 Mr. Wade's further Information, Oil. 11, 1 685, 315 No. VI. Partition Treaty. — r- — 333 [Tranffated from the Dutch.] Extrails from King William's Letters, relative to the Partition Treaty i To Penfionary Heinfms, 334 No. VII. The Somers Papers. t — — — 399 [In the poffeffion ofthe Earl of Hardwicke.] Notes of "what paffed in the Convention upon the Day the §>ueflion was moved in the Houfe of Commons, concerning the Abdica tion of King James II. the 28th of January 1688-9, 401 ¦ Mr. Hampden in the Choir, 0,9th January, v 413 Lord Nottingham to Lord Keeper Somers, March 1693, 426 Lord Keeper Somers to King William, March 2jth, 1693, ibid. Letter from the Duke of Shrewjbury to Lord Somers, with the- Warrant to be a Bar on, May '8, 1695, v " — -— 42o Duke of Shrewjbury to Lord Somers, April 14, 1697, ibid. Duke of Shrewjbury to Lord Somers, Oil. 15, 1698, 432 Lord Somers to the Duke of Shrewjbury,-. . .y> Mr. Montagu to Lord Somers, May 2, 1700, -¦ 4-5 Duke CON T E N T S.\ Duke of Bolton to Lord Sorners, Sept. 1700, Page 437 Duke of Shrewjbury to Lord Somefs, June 17, 1701, " 440 Ptincefs Sophia to Mr. Stepney, 442 King William to Lord Sunderland, Sept. 1, 17 01, 443 Anfwer by Lord Sunderland, Sept. 11, 444. From Lord Sunderland to Lord Somers, Sept. 15, 447 Lord Sdmers to Lord Sunderland, Sept. 20, 448 Lord Sunderland to Lord "Somers," Oil. 1, — — -. 451 Lord Somers to Lord Sunderland, Oil. 3, ibid. The King to Lord:Sofiiers, Oil. 10, 1 4c 2 Lord Sunderland to Lor d Somers, Oil. 21, - — — : c 453 Heads of Lord Somers1 s Arguments to induce the King to call a new Parliament, ¦'. . ^ ibid. Lord Sunderland's Advice to Lord Somers, , 457 Lord Sunderland to Lord Gallway^ . ¦ r 462 Lord Sundef land to Lord Somers, December 2y, <¦ '' — 463 Lord Uaverjham to Lord Somers, Feb. 19, 1703* 464 Lord Somers to Lord Maverfham, ibid. Duke of Argyir to Lord Somers, r • 465 Lord Somers to Lord Halifax, May 28, 1706, — 467 Lord Halifax to Lord Somers, July, 468 Lord Somers* s. Anfwer, • 470 Lord Halifax to Lord Somers, Oil. 3, 1706', 471 Minutes of Lord 'Somers1 's Speech in the Houfe of Lords, on the Bill for abolifhing the Privy Council of Scotland, and the Amendment propofed in that Houfe to give it a Continuance of feveral Months after the pa/jing ofthe Bill, 1 707-8 , 473 Charles Earl of Sunderland to Lord Somers, Aug. 8^ 1709, 478 Duke of Marlborough to Lord Somers, Sept. 30, 1709, 480 Vol. II. a No* VIII. 1* CONTENT S. No. VIII. Papers relative to Lord Oxford's Adminifiraiion, and the Treaty of Utrecht. ' — — 482 [From the Paper Office.] Robert Harley to the Duke of Marlborough* Sept. 16, 170 7, 483 Mr. Harlefs Plan of Adminiftration, Oil. 30, 1 7 1 o, 485 Mr. Prior to Lord Bolingbroke, Dee. 28, 17 12, 489 From the Same to the Same, Dec. 29, 497 From the Same to the Same, Jan. 8, 1713, 499 Draught of A Letter from Lord Bolingbroke to Mr. Prior, Jan, 19, — - 504 Lord Bolingbroke to the Duke of Shrewjbury, Feb. 17, 510 No. IX; Lord Stairs Embajfy in France, 1 7 1 4, & c. 521 [In the poffeffion of the Earl of Hardwicke.] Draught of a Memorial to the Duke of Marlborough, Captain- general of the Army, ¦ .522 Extrails from Lord Stairs, Journal at Paris in 1715 and 17 16, 528 Heads of a Conference, with Marefchal d'Haxelles, April 16, 1716, — 554 Queftions qu'on me fait d'Angleterre fur Itfquelles il faut con- fulter, S,, A. R. pour pouvoir Repondre, . r ^ Letters and Extrails of Letters from Lord Stair to James Craggs, Eft; s^ , Lord Mar to Lord Stair, May 6, 1719^ — ¦ rQQ Lord Mar to Lord Stair, May 22, ^67 Lord Stair to Secretary Craggs, „ _„ Lord Mar to Lord Stair, June 2. _ -„ - j > 57^ 'Lord Stair to Secretary Craggs, . — c7^ 1 No. CONTENT S. xi No. X. Sequel to Lord Stairs Emhafjyi — Page 622 [From the Paper Office.] From Mr.-Craufurd to the Honourable Mr. Secretary Walpole, Aug. 11, 1723, ibid. From Mr. Craufurd to Lord Carteret, Secretary of State, 625 , No. XI. Mifcettanems Article. — — 631 [From the Paper Office.] Mr. Robtnfon to Mr. Delafaye, Sept. 7, 1725, ibid. From the Same, to the Same, . Sept. 16, — — 633 From the Same to the Same, Oil. 20, 635 From Mr. Keen to Mr. Robinfon, April 5, 1726, 636 ERRATA. Moft of which are Miftakes of the Tranferiber of the Original MSS. Page 22. line 6. for Somer, read Summer. 58. . 15. for thefewith, read with thefe. 98. 18. for in wK?t, ri5«|/ whatin. > 129. i 1. for in true policy read true policy. 240. 1. dele femicolon. 244. 15. for treaty was brought, rW -bought. 314. note for notice, ran/ -notion. 33z« &V®-f<>r i7o8» rtadijtfj. 460. line 19. for Hodges, readiiedgts. 1. 483- A' ft* v.e» W'give. ¦".-': ', 493 and 503. /i'r Cape Roy, read Cipe Raye. 493' for Petit Port, read Pent Nord. 505. for Cape de la Hau, read C. de la Hune. 505. for Petit Nord, read Pent Nord. 529. line 25. for Tuefday, ***** Thurfday. MISCELLANEOUS STATE PAPERS, No. I. Letters of King Charles!. Lord Car life, and Secretary FvomAe . _ - j , . Harleian Conway, to the Duke of Buckingham. coiieaion. {Buckingham was as powerful a favourite with his new niafter, as he had been with the old one. In thefe private letters, the con fidence between them is unreferved ; but Charles writes in a ffyle miffing of thofe eafy paffages, and good fucceffes in your bufinefs which you expect, may return offended, which he fhould be very forry for j acknow ledging the great powers andabilities which are in you, which wor thily give you'intereft and power with your Mafter and the State. And now I have tranflated to you the words as near as I can, yoii may be pleafed to make the conffrUction by your own wifdom. The Ambaffador gives much trouble to the houfhold here. He hath pror * Blainville, a Boutefeu, and violent Miniiler. "" j cured STATE PAPERS, 7 cured from his Majefty a lodging in this houfe, and fo his diet comes charles to be divided here for himfelf, and at Kingfton for his company; 1625. fo as increafe of feveral new demands come in, for wood, -and coals, and twenty other things ; and fo for Madam St. George, the Bifhop, and that train, which makes the white ftaves to fcratch where it itcheth not. It muft come to be examined by commifiion ; if I am. one, I will never give my confent to additions. 'His Majefty hath written to the Duke de Chevreufe roundly, as you will fee by the copy of the letter herewith fent. His Majefty's pleafure is, that you let, the Duke know, that he doubts not his good affection, nor his good offices, but writes in that manner to give him warrant, as well as occafion, to prefs the French King the more ear- neftly. s s" Order is gone out for difarming the noblemen recufants-. The lift of their names I fend your Grace herewith ; as alfo a lift of their names, which by extraordinary recommendation were pricked for fheriffs ; and this puts me in mind to give you another account. The Deputy Lieutenants of Northamptonfhire, being Sir William' Spencer, Sir Hatton Farmer, Sir Thomas Cave, Mr. Knightly, and: Mr. Elwes, went to the houfe of Mrs. Vaux, to fearch for martial munition, found my Lord Vaux there, and civilly acquainted him and- Mrs. Vaux, his mother, with the purpofe of their coming. They refpectfully confented to the fearch, which was performed orderly,- and no arms found. But in conclufion, a brother of the Lordi Vaux (amongff other intemperate and unadvifed terms), faid, that they gave to the recufants the worft ufage they could, except they mould cut their throats, and with divers oaths wifhed it were come: to that day. Mr. Knightly replied to him, there were divers uV tutes againft the recufants, which they were not troubled withal; which the other denying with great oaths, Mr. Knightly alledged the ftatute of the 20 1. monthly for- recufants. And further told him, there was a late ftatute againft fwearing, which put a penalty 2 pf S STATE 'PAPERS, charles 0f twelve-pence upon every oath, and told him he muft exact that 1 52;. from him ; to which Mr. Vaux gave an anfwer, with ill and fcorn- ful words. And Mr. Knightly addreffed himfelf to Mrs. Vaux and the Lord Vaux, tq make fatisfa&ion for Mr. Vaux's oaths. They refufed it, and Mr. Knightly charged a conftabk to diftrain fo much of Mr, Vaux's goods as would fatisfy three fhillings, and give that to the poor, according to the ftatute. The Lord Vaux Upon this took Mr. Knightly afide, and told him, if he foUnd him in another place, he would call him to a reckoning for this. To which Mr. Knightly replied, You know where I dwell, and when you have a mind to call me to account, you fhall receive an anfwer from me, full to your demand. Sir William Spencer and my Lord Vaux went into the hall, Mr. Knightly and the reft followed. My Lord Vaux turned towards Mr. Knightly, and putting his hand on his fhoulder, pufhed him, and faid, Now you have done your office, you may be gone; Mr. Knightly turning again to him, told him he had not done, he might fearch more j and when he had done his office, he would more willingly be gone than he would have him. The Lord Vaux gave him a good blow on the face, and they, fcufHing together, were parted. But the Lord Vaux taking a cudgel out of another's hand, ftruck Mr. Knightly's man, broke his head, and knocked him down. And fo the reft of the Deputy Lieutenants, fearing further inconveniency, withdrew themfelves, wrote up their complaint, which was heard before the King and Council ; and there wanted not thofe.that favoured the Lord Vaux's caufe, and magnified much his natural and accuftomed modefty and difcretion ; whereof he gave a very ill argument, giving very intemperate words at the Council chamber door, unto Sir William Spencer, upon an occafion that paffed before the King. The Lord Vaux was committed pri- foner to the warden of the Fleet at Reading, and the caufe remitted to the Star-Chamber. And but now I come to the caufe that hath biought the affliction of this narration upon you: This day of hear ing, STATE PAPERS. o ing, was the day the fheriffs were pricked ; and. Mr. Knightly was CHARLES one of thofe extraordinarily recommended, being none in the Judges i^?- bill, and never man was more perplexed, arguing that all the world would think, it was a punifhment laid upon him for my Lord Vaux. But when he faw the reft of his company, then he was like to have loft his fenfe. He protefted the continual and fole dependence he had upon your Grace, and declared his fpeeches, and the endeavours he had ufed in the parliament, for the fervice of the king, and honour of you. , I enquired of Sir John Cooke, and others, of him, who all jus tified his good behaviour ; but he continues in the fchool of patience, and feems to promife himfelf that your Grace will juftify him, and repair him with the King, and all the world, when you return. Sir John Cooke, whofe difcreet diligence and care make him beft underftand all that concerns the {flipping and the prizes, and all things elfe worthy of your knowledge, will give you an account; and to that purpofe, I direct this meffenger to pafs by him, and do confefs, that the narration of this brabble hath taken up my time and my paper, and, I am afraid, put by fome things that had been more proper for me to have faid ; and which is worfe, I am afraid they will abufe your time in the reading. But I befeech you pardon me, the rather for the punifhment I lay upon myfelf; although the error rife from a defire to tell you all, and to ferve you conti nually, and in all things, and that with faith and duty, and in the condition of, Your Grace's, &c. Hampton Court, E D W A R D Co N W A Y* 30th of November, 1625. Vol. II. 10 STATE PAPERS. Secretary -Conway to the Duke of Buckingham. Gracious Patron, Dec. 16. rpHE contentment I had to fee you was fo fhort (the moft juft , caufe drawing you from Court), as I long to hear how you do, and how well you enjoy the greateft happinefs of reftoring comfort to the beft wife and beft of women, and taking to yourfelf the great bleffing of bleffed children, and then to repeat to you my daily morning prayer. The Lord of heaven increafe you in thofe com forts, and.increafe.in yourfeLves, and derive them from you, to your pofterity infinite. ages. And this liumble duty of <• mine, is the firft caufe of fending this meffenger my fervant. Withal I take the bold- nefs to addrefs this .letter directed .to your Grace out of France, and that fent to me with it, upon which you will find two notes of his Majefty 's upon the margin; and his nates I would communicate to none living hut your Grace, how flight foever they fhould be, with out his leave or .commandment. I have prepared inftructions for Sir Edward Barrett; fo foOn as they are legibly written, I will fend them to be approved, or re formed by your Grace. By a cojpy herewith fent, your Grace will fee what directions his Majefty hath given, and to whom, concerning his coronation. There hath not been any thing of importance debated fince your going from Hampton Court, faving whether letters 'fhould be writ ten to the Lords, to lend money hy way of Privy Seal, which was ufually after the loan of the inferior ranks. And it is referred to be decided by the Lord Treafurer, Lord Chamberlain, Earl of Carlifle and Mr. Chancellor of the Exchequer. His Majefty's pleafure is, that letters fhould prefently go forth to every Earl and Bifhop for 200 1, and to every Baron for 100 1. becaufe 6 all STATE PAPERS. -n all things are at a ftand for want of money. The Ambaffadors prefs CHARLES earneftly to have, liberty for the fhips under the arreft of prize. The 1625. Judge ofthe Admiralty wants proofs yet, to make them prize. The danger is, if the Ambaffadors have not contentment, they will make ftay of the goods in France, in the United Provinces, in Denmark, and in the Hans Towns ; in all which places, are infinite more goods of the Englifh, than in thefe prizes, and all the reft of theirs in the kingdom. The Judge of the Admiralty, Sir Dudley Carleton, and my felf, by the directions of the Lords, went yefterday to the Dutch Ambaffador's, and gave fatisfaction to fufpend him in patience, and fome kind of contentment, until the Lords fhall have refolved, both concerning the fhips already arrefted, and for a reglement for the future. Sir John Cooke was fent for to have been here onThurfoay, but excufed himfelf, anddefired'me to excufe him ; which I have done, , until your Grace fhallbe prefent at the approving the reglement and debate concerning the increafe of mariners pay. God knows, I did not mean to have drawn on your Grace's" trouble half fb far; yet with the fame and more zealous duty, I will give your Grace, this fign, that nothing you. will, paffeth by me without due obfervation. I will remember to your Grace, you did wifh that the queftions between my fifter Conway and me were ended. j. hear fhe is now at Burleigh. In the humble acknowledgment I owe to you* if my "fifter do defire it, and that your. Grace will vouchfafe to hear the ftate of the bufinefs between us, which may be contracted and prepared into fhort heads, I will be bound, in all I am worth,, to fubmit to, and perform on my part, whatfoever your ' Grace fhall order in it. And in all, through my whole life, fhow how much I efteem the honour to be, Your Grace's, &c. Windfor Caftle, EDWARD CONWAY. the 16th of Dec, 1625. C 2 xi STATE PAPERS. CHARLES I. 1626. ¦King Charles to the Duke of Buckingham. Steenie, [ HAVE hitherto deferred writing to you, both becaufe I wanted fubject, and I thought that you' would be on your way towards toe, before my letters could reach you. Now I fend this bearer to you, as well to anfwer your letter concerning the Turkifh Ambaf fador, as to intreat you not to ftay upon uncertainty of winds, but come away, as foon as all the army is fhipped, which I hope will be before this can come to you. Your journey to my fifter, and France, requires daily more hafte than other; for though my uncle * of late has had good luck, yet he needs prefent encouragement, and Mansfelt f without inftant help, diffolves to nothing. As, for- news, my wife begins to mend her manners ; I know not how long it will continue, for they fay it is by advice ; but the beft of all is, they fay the Monfieurs defire to return home ; I will not fay this is certain, for you know, nothing that they fay can be fo. So hop ing to fee you fhortly, I reft, Your loving, faithful, conftant friend, Charles R, * The K-ing of Denmark. t Mansfelt died in i§z6. This circumftance fixes the place of this letter, which has na date.. STATE PAPERS. 13 CHARLES I- , 1627." King Charles to the Duke of Buckingham. ' — *-* — ' Steenie, 1 T HAVE received' the joyful news of your happy fuccefs in the Auguft '3* taking of Re, by Dick Greame. I pray God to give you as much contentment always, as I received then; and then, I affure you, ye will be in no danger to die of melancholy. Beecher likewife gave me two letters from you, out of which I have taken fuch notes as to know what you defire and want, then burned them. After thefe, ere yefternight, I have received another, all which, by this occafion, ye fhall fee fome anfwer to, though I hope to pleafe you better in my actions than my words. I have made ready a fupply of victuals, munition, 400 men for recruits, and 14,000 pounds ready money, to be brought to you by Beecher, who, by the grace of God, fhall . , fet fail within thefe eight days. Two regiments, of a thoufand men a-piece, victualled for three months, fhall be embarked by the 10th of. September. I have fent for as many officers from, the Low Countries as may be had, of which, till my next, I can give you no perfect account. I hope likewife ye fhall have gooo men out of Scotland, under the command of my Lord Morton, and Sir William ...Balfour. So far for fupplies, which, by the grace' of God, I fhall fend fpeedily unto you, and you may certainly expect. Now I fhall give you my opinion in fome things that Beecher has been talking with me, and that I have underftood by your late difpatch. And, firft, in cafe the French King fhould die, what were to be done upon it. My opinion is (and not without advice in it) that you are to profecute the war, and by no means to be the firft motioner of treatv, for it is both difhonourable and unfafe, confidering what men of faith the French of late have proved themfelves; but if they .fhould offer, then to hearken, but not to believe too haftily. And, believe it, this is the beft way to gain our chief ends ; for certainly 4 making 14 STATE PAPERS. CHARLES making fhows, or being indeed defirous of a treaty, before they of 1427. themfelves demand it, may much hurt us, no way help us. I have feen a draught of a manifeft which ye have fent my Lord Conway, which, if ye have not yet publifhed, I would wifh you to alter one point in it, that whereas ye feem to make the caufe of religion the only reafon that made me take arms, I would only have you declare it the chief caufe, you having no need to name any other; fo that you may leave thofe of the religion to think what they will : but I think it much inconvenient by a manifeft, to be tied only to that caufe, of this war; for cafes may happen that may force me- to go againft my declaration (being penned fo), which I fhould be loth fhould fall out. I have fet three main projects a foot (befides many fmall), mint, increafing of the cuftoms, by impofingj on the book of rates, and raifing of a Bank. The two firft, I fhall certainly go fpeedily through withal ; the laft is moft difficult, but I have good hopes of it. So going to bed, and wifhing thee as much happinefs. and good fuccefs as thy own heart can defire, I reft, Your loving, &c. windfor, Charles R. the 43th of Anguft, 1627. I cannot omit to tell you that my wife and I were never better together ; fhe, upon this action of yours, fhowing herfelf fo loving to me, by her difcretion upon all occafions, that it makes us all wonder and efteem her. - King '¦'";;";" STATEPAPERS. is CHARLES I. King Charles to the Duke of Buckingham. u_*L_j Steenie, T5EECHER ftaying longer at the fea fide than I expected, has AugdUj. given me this occafion of writing to you, which I do, rather to affure you, that upon all occafions I am glad to remember you, and that no diftance of place, nor length of time, can make me flacken, much lefs diminifh my love to you, than that I have any bufinefs to advertife you of. I know too, that this is nothing, it being no thing but what you know already; yet imagining that we (like ufurers) love fometimes to look on our riches, I think it is not unacceptable to you to bid you look of that that I efteem to be the greateft riches, and now hardeft to be found, true friendfhip, there being no flile juftlier to be given to any man, than that to me of being Your faithful, &c. Aiderihot, Charles, R. 25th of Auguft, 1627. King Charles to the Duke of Buckingham. Steenie, ( TJfAVING received letter from you by this bearer, I cannot let Sept. him return empty ; and indeed I fhould much condemn myfelf, if I did let any occafion flip, without remembering my love to you. At this time I have not much to fay, but to congratulate with you for your efcape from that treacherous blow * which was meant you ; * The treacherous blow which the king a narrative thereof was publifhed in a ijto mentions to have been intended the Duke, was pamphlet, as foon as the Duke came home, naffaffination attempted by a French papift or with a reprefentation of the faid knife in a lefuit, with a thick jhree-edged knife. And wooden^print. ; J ' ' for j& S T A TE PAPERS. CHARLES for which I give God greater thanks than for your victory, hoping iez'7. to have oft caufe of rejoicing for the one, no more for the other ; and upon this occafion I pray you take my counfel, that for my fake, you will truft as little as may be any papiftical French rafcal. Your recommendation of Halle and Coningham came tod late at this time, but ye may affure them, that I fhall hot. fail to remember them with the firft occafion. So praying for your good fuccefs in all things, and (with your wife)' hoping and longing for your fafe re- turn, I reft, Your loving, &c. Whitehall, CHARLES, R. the 2d of Sept. 1627. King Charles to the Duke of Buckingham. Steenie, Sept. 20. T HAVE received yours by this bearer Dalbier, whom I have. difpatched, as foon as was poffible, and to whofe relation I fhall need to add little ; for I think he deferves the character that you put oh him, and I affure you, it rejoices me not a little, to hear him (being a ftranger and a foldier) give fo juft a defcription of your in clination (which I know to be true) ; that making me believe the reft he fays concerning your proficiency in tnl* trade you have now fo happily begun', which, though I never doubted, yet I am glad to fee that truth forces all men to approve my judgment of you. Within a week after you have received this, I hope Holland fhall deliver you another from me, therefore now I hafte to end, only I muft chide you (if it be true that I hear), that you hazard yourfelf too boldly : This I muft command you to mend and take care of j there being more inconveniences in it than I (almoft) dare write, or fit STATEPAPERS. if fit for you to hear, but it is enough, that you are willed to preferve Charles yourfelf for his fake, that is and ever fhall be 1627- Your loving, &c, a Thef°caId?' c Charles, R. the 20th of Sept. 1627. ' This bearer will tell you that 1 approve all your defigns; and be Confident of what fuccours thefe froward times can yield, which, though they cannot be according to mind, yet, by God's grace, fhall be enough for your fortune to maintain a juft caufe. King Charles to the^ Duke of Buckingham. Steenie, T HAVE received your difpatch by Jack Afhburnham, by which 0». ~ I have underftood the neceffity in which ye are, and I am much grieved and afhamed, that I muft make an apology for our flownefs here in giving you fupplies ; the caufe whereof is, the hardnefs of getting niariners, and the flow proceeding of the commiffioners of the navy (which all commiffioners are fubject to) money being readilier furnifhed than I could have expected in thefe riecefiitous times ; but for that our beft anfwer is (as the fchool-boy fays) pardon this, and we fhall do fo no more ; and now, by the grace of God, ye fhall have ho more caufe to complain of us, for now/ we know how to prevent thofe faults, which we, without fome experience* could hardly forefee. Holland, within two or three days, will attend you with fupplies, wherefore at this time I fhall fay little more, but con cerning the inftructions ye fent me for Ned Clarke, and Will, Haydon's place of the ordnance. For the firft, the King of Deri- mark's Ambaffadors being here, for an accommodation between France and me, I have fent them away well enough fatisfied, yet Voi,. II. D without l8 STATE PAPERS, CHARLES without difcovering my intentions-, fd that I hope my uncle will be it7. content with my proceedings with France; Ned Clarke likewife having inftrudions correfpondent to the anfwer that was given the Denmark ambaffadors ; fo that I think it needlefs, or rather hurtful, to difcover my main intent in this bufinefs, becaufe divulging of it (which this may caufe) in my mind, muft needs hazard it. Johh Haydon has his brother's place already paffed unto him, fo that ye muft excufe me, at this time, for Colonel Brett ; yet becaufe I fee you have fo great a care of him, I affure you that, at the next occafion, I fhall remember him with as good a turn (though I did not know him, as I do, to be an honeft fufficient man) if it were only becaufe I fee you efteem him. Laftly, for God's fake, be not dif- heartened with our by-paft flownefs, for, by the grace of God, it is all paft. This I fay not, that I fear thy conftant flout heart can flack in an honeft caufe, but that fome rafcal may caft doubts in the army* as if I neglected you ; which I imagine is likely enough to fall out, fince fome villains here ftick not to divulge it. And it is poffible that thofe who were the caufe of your confultation of leaving the fiege, and coming home (for the refiftihg of which I give thee a thoufand thanks) may mutter fuch things. Now I pray God to profper me but as I fhall ftick to thee in all occafions, and, in this action, as I fhall fhow myfelf Your loving, &c. Hampton Court, ChARLES, R. - jft pf October, 1627. * * STATE PAPERS. 19 CHARLES I. King Charles to the Duke of Buckingham. ¦lf>2J, -/: Steenie, CINCE I have underftood by Jack Afhburnham your neceflities, Gibber 13. for fault of timely fupplies, I ftill ftand in fear (until I fhall hear from you) that thefe may come too late ; but I hope that God is more merciful to me, than to inflict fo great a punifhment on me. Holland can tell you all occurrences here, which I may ufe for a good excufe of a fhort letter; but in cafe his gladnefs to fee you (I judge him by myfelf) may make him forget fome things, I will remember thofe I have moft care of. The Denmark ambaffadors, fince their taking leave of me, having demanded a private audience, there moved ; unto me, to fend you powers to treat with France, in cafe they could procure them to begin ; their reafon for this was, gaining of time, which, they faid, otherwife muft needs be loft : but my anfwer was, that it was no ways honourable for me to fend powers to treat, before I knew France's difpofition to treat, it being neceffary for my honour, that they fhould begin, not I. After fome difpute, they found my reafons good, they ending with this requeft (which I could not refufe, but was glad of), that they might advertife you from -time to time of their proceedings with the French king. And to give " them fome contentment at their farewel, I fold them, that in cafe they made a peace between me and France, the army that you command, fhould be ready to ferve my uncle, if he defired it. Now, honeft rafcal, though I refufed, being demanded, to fend thee powers to treat, yet thou (knowing my well-grounded confidence of thee) may 'ft eafily judge the warrant-dormant power thou haft in this, as in any thing elfe, where confidence may be placed on any man : but for fear that thy modefty in this particular might hinder thee to remember thy powerjof truft, which I have given thee, I thought not amifs to write as I have written. D 2 Gerbier's fio STATE PAPERS. , CHARLES Gerbier's treaty is at an end, wherejn he has fhowed both hit .1627. honefty and fufficiency, but mightily abufed by the King of Spain's mimfters. So referring you to Holland, I reft (though not in quiet, until I fhall fee thee fafe and happily returned) Your loving, &c. ,. ^Ji^f' a Charles, R. the 13th of October, 1627. » ' King Charles to the Duke of Buckingham. \. Steenie, ' * November 6. j PRAY God that this letter be ufelefs, or never come to your hands, this being only to meet you at ybUr landing in England, in cafe you fhould come from Re,; without perfeding your work, liappily begun, but, I muft confefs, with grief, ill feconded. A let ter you fent to Jack Epflie, is the caufe of this, wherein ye have taught me patience, and how to feek the next beft in misfortunes. This is therefore to give you power (in cafe ye fhould imagine that ye have not enough already) to put in execution any of thofe defigns ye mentioned to Jack Epflie, or any other that you fhall like of. So that I leave it freely to your will, whether, after your landing in England, ye will fet forth again to fome defign, before you come hither ; or elfe that ye will firft come to afk my advice, before ye undertake a new work; affuring you, that with whatfomever fuc cefs ye fhall come to me, ye fhal'l be ever welcome, one of my greateft griefs being that I have not been with you in this time of fuffering, for I know we would have much eafed each other's griefs. I cannot ftay longer on this fubjed, for fear of lofing myfelf in it. To conclude, you cannot come fo foon as ye are welcome; and, un- feignedly in my mind, ye have gained as much reputation, with wife and honeft men, in this adion, as if ye had performed ail your de- 5 fires.. STATE PAPERS, 21 fires. I have no more to fay at this time, but conjure thee, for my CHARLES fake, to have a care of thy health, for every day I find new reafons 1627. to confirm me in being Your loving, &c. * * v Y£kehail' * Charles, R, the 6th of November, 1627. King Charles to the Duke of Buckingham. Steenie, T HAVE written to you by Will Murray, and Montgomery, Feb. 23. having fent them to Plymouth, thinking you would have landed there ; but underftanding of your coming to Portfmouth, I have fent Porter to affure you, our misfortune has been not to fend you fupplies in time, that all honeft men cannot but judge, that you have done paft expedation, and (ifa man may fay it) beyond poffi^ bility. Your letter, and my Lord of Weftmeath's relation, has much comforted me (the firft news of your retreat being far worfe than I thank God it is) but principally to fee how nobly thou carrieft it, an- fwering the reft of thy actions-. As for your defign upon Calais, I much approve of it ; let me but know what is neceffary for it, and I fhall fee it provided with all diligence.; and for fecrecy, I fhall fpeak of it to no living foul but to Jack Epflie, whom I have fent for. So referring myfelf to the bearer, I reft Your loving, &c. Wednefday night. Charles. You cannot come before you are welcome, which I leave to you j : the fooner, I think, the better, at leaft beft pleafing to me. - 22 STATEPAPERS. CHARLES I. ' — ^—J King Charles to the Duke of Buckingham, ' Steenie, HT HIS day I have received two letters from you, but much after the order of our times, for the firft was laft, which made me at firft much blame the meffenger, but when I faw it was a Lord, I readily excufed his lazinefs, for you can make no Somer. As for anfwer to your letters ; not differing with you in opinion (as I do but feldom) it is needlefs fo make any. I have fent you here inclofed a letter to my wife, in anfwer to one that Lodovic brought me, which was only a dry, ceremonious com pliment, and anfwered accordingly; by which I fee, that my laft denial is not digefted yet, which you would do well to find out (of yourfelf, without taking any notice of knowledge from me), to fet her in tune againft my returning to London ; for if I fhall find her referved, froward, or not kind, at my return, we fhall not agree ; which I am fure cannot fall out between you and Your loving, &c. Friday, 23d of February," CHARLES, R. 1027. STATEPAPERS. 23 No. II. CHARLES I. 1627. « , f l(le of Rhe Expedition. From the J J * Paper Office. [The difgraceful condud of this expedition is exclaimed againft by all our hiftorians. Thefe original papers throw additional lights upon it; but the Duke of Buckingham's perfonal gallantry is highly, and perhaps defervedly, extolled by his friends. It was a ridiculous vanity in him to affed the General, without the leaft experience in the military profeffion ; and it was the height of indifcretion to engage his mafter in a quarrel with France, when he' had one with Spain upon his hands which he could not manage. It was fortunate for Charles I. that, with fuch inaufpicious openings of his reign, he got out of two unfuccefsful wars with fo little perfonal or. national difhonour. The treaties were re newed with France and Spain, on equal terms, in 1629 and 1 630; vide Preface to Carleton's Letters. The articles may be found in Rufhworth, &c. It is true, that we had no fhare in making a peace for "the Proteftants, and that we gave up (what- was certainly then of no confequence) Quebec, which had been taken by a privateer ing fquadron, under a Huguenot commander, one Kirk.] Mr. De Vic to Lord Conway. Right honourable and my Angular good Lord, TO inform of particular occurrences, is, I know, the work of July 27. many, more curious, I confefs, in thofe obfervations, than I have been ; and it may be, more at leifure to make a relation of them. Mine are of another nature, and thofe not many, nei- 9 ther g4 STATE PAPERS. ,. CHARLES tnver (j0 thefe affairs afford great matter for obfervation. Our 1627. General (I fpeak it before God, and without flattery) behaves him felf in all things with admiration, making thofe parts appear which lay hid before,* for want of occafion to produce them. His care is infinite, his courage undauntable, his patience and continual labour beyond what coujd ever have been expeded ; his affablenefs, libe rality, and courtefy, not more extolled by his own, than by his enemies themfelves : himfelf views the ground, goes to the trenches, vifits the batteries, obferves where the fhot doth light, and what ' effeds it works upon the enemy ; in a word, goes himfelf in perfon to places of the greateft danger, oftner than becomes a perfon of his rank ; but whereunto (befides his own care and courage which carries him to it) he is partly conftrained by the carelefsnefs of fome officers. If a foldier want a bifcuit, or a workman a fpade, it muft come to his ears and pafs by his order; not that he would have it fo, but that the defeds of others in their duties, make his care and providence extend even to the ordering and providing thofe petty things. His voice in councils he will have of no greater force than others ; though his opinion is moft commonly grounded upon better reafons, yet he refers it to the cenfure and approbation of the reft, with that fubmiffion which could never have been imagined. In a word, whether it be that he will be alone, and have no co-part ner in authority, or whether it be the fault of thofe that by their long experience in the wars might have made themfelves more con fiderable, and gotten a greater fway, I fee none of extraordinary credit in the army, befides himfelf, and (I fear me) of fufficient re putation and credit (if any evil fhould happen to his perfon, which God forbid) to go on with our defigns, or hardly to govern, and keep in duty, this fmall body. Whilft I was at Rochelle, I underftood of fome unkindnefs, that had paffed between him and Sir John Burgh, which, though I do not know for certain, yet the perfons from whom I- had it, STATE PAPERS, 25 it, with fome other reafons, make me fufped it. The party I confefs is a brave, valiant gentleman, and one whom the Duke of Buckingham did much rely on, but who hath been ob- ferved to have been too rough with the Duke, even in indifferent matters, and wherein the precife obfervance of martial difci- pline was not fo material ; which I could have wifhed to have been otherwife; for'fuch perfons muft be handled with tender hands. And I do not fee, but at this time- the Duke would not have borne with an indifferent ufage. Befides, I do not fee fo much alacrity, nor fo much care as at firft on the one fide, and on the other that adl vifing with him, and calling for him, as heretofore; whereof the caufe may be partly the place where we are in; the care, com mand, and authority of one of his condition, not appearing fo much in a town, as in the field ; but whether it be careleflhefs, difcontent, or any other caufe^ certain it is, the effects are not anfwerable to our expedatiorj. Of this difpofition are fome of our chief officers, whereof I can give no other reafon, than their own dulnefs, fitter for a garrifon town, or the keeping of a place already gotten, than to find out or profecute (with requifite adivenefs) a "defign upon the enemy. The reft of the officers, for ought I can perceive, are brave, valiant gentlemen, and had they not fhewed themfelves to be fo, it had gone hard with us at the landing, where, had- not the valour of the captains, and other officers, the fear of 'drowning in moft part of the foldiers (which made even Dameta to fight) and the courage of fome few of them, with God's bleffing, repelled the enemy, our defign had by this time been at an end. Our chief want is of fome able perfon about his Excellency, ofthe power, tempec, and fufficiency of Mr. St. Blankard, a man in this adion fo neceffary, as we may al moft impute whatfoever hath been done amifs* to the want of him. His Excellency's chief counfel in the martial part, is Monfieur Dolbier, a man of great experience, but not of that flrength of underftanding, and other parts, as are neceffary to thofe You IL ' E. thai, F 26 STATE .PA.P E R S. CHARLES that will have a power with his Excellency, who, had hebut expe- 1627, rience anfwerable to the reft, would need little counfel. Another "^^ want is of engineers, we having hardly amongft us one that can lay a battery, workjn a mine, or make a trench. Your Lordfliip will receive with his Excellency's difpatch, a de claration, for the making of which he was pleafed to ufe my pen. Your Lordfhip may be pleafed to excufe whatfoever you find amifs in it, and particularly the hand wherewith It is written, which I have been fain to make ufe of, for want of leifure to tranfcfibe with my own hand. I pray your Lordfhip to receive the fame excufe for not writing more amply at this time, and in cypher, as I had in tended, had not fome other hafty bufinefs called me away. Sir Edward Conway, and Mr. Ralph, are, God be thanked, both v in good health, and cured of their hurts. Sir Edward is not yet returned from Rochel to the army, but is expected every day, with his brother that went thither yefterday to fee him. I will ftrive to recompence the trouble that I have, given your Lordfhip to read my ill-favoured hand, with two jefts, the one at the landing, where an enfign running into the fea, for fear of the enemy, a foldier that took the fame way, being afked, and rebuked for flying away, an fwered, " What, fhall I not follow my colours;?'' Another, at the trenches, where at firft it is reported, that, inftead of calling the earth from the enemy's fide, they didxaft it towards the enemy, which was indeed the fafeft way for thofe who were at work, but not the more honourable. Thus with my humble duty remembered to your Lord fhip, I remain Your Lordfhip's, &c. From St. Martin's, TJt.», T\„ it ;thi^7th of July, 1627. Hen- D£ Vic. STATE PAPERS, 27 Duke of Buckingham to Lord Conway \ CHARLES I. 1627. My very good Lord,' CINCE Sir William Beecher's and Grime's departing, there hath July 28* been fo little done worthy the advertifement, that this is rather to put you in mind that we may hear from you, than to fend you any news from hence. Your Lordfhip will have underftood how we came to this town, where being arrived, the firft work was to bar ricade all the avenues. That being done, we caufed batteries to be made againft fuch parts of the citadel, as with their ordnance (which' played continually upon us) did much annoy us. The next work was the trenches, wherewith we intend, God willing, to inveft the- citadel, to cut off all manner of provifion or fuccour from the land ward; as we do now by fea,' with four or five fhallops well armed, which lie under it at night, befides a good part of the fleet which rides not far off. The trenches go on as faft as the hardnefs of '•¦ this ftony ground will permit, and, I hope, ere long, to bring that work to an end, notwithftanding the oppofition which the enemy intends to make, at" a place of advantage, where he prepares againft our coming. That, being done, I hope they will be fo well penned in, both by fea and land, that they will receive no affiftance from either. For all our fhipping is fo difperfed round about the ifland, that unlefs fome fatality happens which cannot yet be fofefeen, no confiderable fuccour can come to them. The forces left at St. Blan* ceau, are now come to La Flotte, to feeUre that town, to hinder the— . communication pf the two forts lying in the midway between them > both, and to refrefh the foldiers, which, from the time of landing, had had no fhelterfrom the injury ofthe weather, which hath been exceedingly foul with winds and rain. The Lord Montjoy, with his troops of horfev beats up and down the ifland, to cut off the ftraggling forces of the enemy* of whom E 2 the l28 STATE PAPERS. CHARLES the other night he took thirty mu'fketeers, and fome horfes, fent out 1627. by the enemy to fetch water, which we have fent over to the main land. Thus you fee in what cafe, the army ftands; it will not be amifs to let you know the ftate of the enemy, who hath two ftrong places, whereof the beft fortified and-chiefeft, is that which we now befiege ; that Won, I hope the other at La free will come in at an eafier rate. This is a place of great ftrength, invincible, if once perfeded, and in this imperfed ftate of fortification it now ftands in, fo ftrong, that the fhorteft way to take it, is by famine. The ground it ftands upon is rocky, and -of fuch a continued and hard kind of rock, as the pick-axe will hardly faften in it, which ¦takes off all poffibility of making of mines, had we better engineers than we have in the army. They are ftrong in number, both of horfe and foot, their horfe confining moft of -gentlemen, and their foot, of the regiment of Champagne, which in this kingdom is called the Invincible.' Qxdnance they have great ?ftore, and thofe yery good, and excellent gunners to .ufe them. ; Corn, - falt-fifh, and wine, they have in abundance, and for a long fiege^ and of all man ner of ammunhion and arms, more than they can ufe or fpend. And, to conclude, a governor, that .had made this the fcale of his honour and fortune, out of which, .having the Queen- mother and Cardinal for enemies, he will .find no fafety ; fo that before he will yield up the place, he will make it his death-bed ; and if he cannot live, furely he will -die in it. To this may be added, the means that are made to fend him fuccour, and the fhipping that are pre paring at Bourdeaux, Brouage, Blavett, St. Maloes, and other places, which, once joined, would make fuch a ftrength, as if they did no£ endanger us by fea^yet would they fo divert our forces, now fcattered round abouuhe ifland, a's we muft of neceffity gather our fleet into one body, and fo leave the other places naked for the enemy to come in with fuccour, which he would not fail to have in a readinefs to put over upon fuch an occafion; fo that confidering the means they have STATE PAPERS. 29 have within, to hold out, and the endeavours they ufe abroad to fend to them, wherein many accidents may happen to give them oppor tunity, this is like to prove a long fiege, but which fhall be main tained by us with courage and refolution ; and, I am confident, his Majefty will not let us want. In an army where there is a conti nual confumption of all manner of ammunition and other provifions, in this place efpecially, which the enemy hath left bare and deftitute of all things, there needs a general fupply, but efpecially of all kinds of ammunition, which your Lordfhip is intreated to haften away, with the mortar^pieces and fire-works left behind, and the Dutchman that was expeded for the diredion of them. Engineers alfo, the beft that could be gotten, and good ftore of them, would not be unwelcome to us, and the fooner they could come the better; together with fhovels and pick-axes, and thofe fomewhat fhorter than the former, which their length makes fomething unwieldy. Touching the troops to be fent us, I will make no mention ; I con ceive that already done, and in their way to us. Thus you have feen our progrefs, our ftate, and our wants, together with the pre fent condition of the enemy ; it remains that your Lordfhip alfo know how we ftand with thofe of the religion, and the advantages we fhould get in winning this ifland. You have feen by what Sir William Beecher hath brought unto you, what the anfwer of thofe of Rochel was, what their promifes ; fince which time, all that hath been done is, that they have fent unto the churches of their affocia- tion, without the advice and confent of whom, it is provided in their laft agreement, they fhall enter into no party: and this they pretend for their delay of the declaration, together with the bring ing in of their harveft, which they would lofe, if they did prefently declare themfelves, befides the furnifhing themfelves with fome other commodities, wherewith being fupplied, their union with us may be of better ufe and advantage. And thefe are their allegations, which may be true, though it be not alfo unlikely that they would gladly fee 3o STATE PAPERS. CHARLES fee the iffue of our other bufinefs to precede their engagement. 1627. Notwithftandirig, they give us affurance of their affedion to the union, and acknowledge the great favour that God doeth unto them, by this his Majefty's real and powerful affiftance ; which that they may be fully perfuaded to be fent only in their behalf, and the reft ofthe churches, I have, by the advice of Monfieur de Soubize, made a declaration of his Majefty's intention in that behalf, the copy whereof, and of the letter I have written to Madame de Rohan, corn-* cerning it, I fend herewith. I have fent the original to Rochel, there to be printed, and thence to be diftributed to the feveral places where Madame de Rohan fhall think fit. But the main point of this union, as I conceive, depends upon the fuccefs of this enter- prize, which being once at an end, a ftrong party will come in of itfelf, which is one of many commodities that would be gained by this conqueft. Others there are, as the impofitions upon fait and wine, two of the chiefeft commodities of this kingdom, of infinite profit to thofe that are mafters of the ifland s, with, other advantages not unknown to your Lordfhip, and fitter for our enjoying than for our difcourfe. I hope ere it be very long, we, fhall do both, and I make no queftion we fhall have your beft wifhes for it, anfwer able to tha}: affedion your Lordfhip hath always fhewed to the good fuccefs and profperity of Your Lordfhip's humble fervant, From the camp at St. Martin's, >^ R tus 28th of juiy9l 627. O. Buckingham. STATE PAPERS. 31 Mr. De Vic to Lord Conway. CHARLES I. 1627. Right Honourable and my very good Lord, T DO not well remember where I left, in my laft to your Lord- Aug.. 14.. fhip, whereof, before I could make an end, I was taken with a fit of a tertian fever,' which, at that time, I conceived to have been wearinefs, or fome other kind of indifpofition, but fince I have found it otherwife. Wherefoever I left, I will begin with my Lord Duke's continuance in good health, and in remembrance of your Lordfhip. The enemy's chief labour in the ifland is in fortifying himfelf within his hold, as much and as faft, as his wearied, and over-watched, and yet boaftitig; troops, will give him leave, and in attempting, by all the open and hidden ways that he can devife, upon his Excellency's perfon, upon whofe prefervation, he conceives (and not amifs)«the good fuccefs of his defign, next after God and his Majefty, to de pend entirely. To this purpofe, the citadel makes every day divers fhots upon his lodging (and myfelf have been many times with his Excellency, when the fhot hath come through the chamber over which he was), efpecially about thofe times they imagine him to be within. Upon this day fe'nnight a fellow was taken coming from the citadel, about whom (being fearched) was found a chain bullet, and a little fhort kind of dagger, the blade of- it about five or fix inches long, very broad for that length, edged on both fides, and thofe very keen, and a wonderbus fharp point, the handle of it longer than Would fuffice for a goed whole handful, twifted about with filk to take fafter hold, and a little crofs bar between the blade and the handle, to ftay the hand and give ftrength to the blow, which, by the flipping of the hand, is fometimes weakened, and lighting upon anything of refinance, of little force; fo that this inftrument, guided with ftrength, and courage equal to it, was able to pierce an ordinary armour. With this inftrument was this fel- ¦ 6 low STATE PAPERS. , CHARLES bw found, and, by it, judged to have fome evil and extraordinary ,627. defign; which, to draw from him, he was. threatened with the queftion ; for fear of which he hath confeffed, and maintained be fore thofe gentlemen that came from the citadel, at my Lord Duke's requeft, that he was fet on by Monfieur Toiras, to kill his Excel lency, who promifed him large rewards in cafe of performance, which he perfuaded him to be feafable. Our trenches go on lei- furely, but furely; and by Sunday night we hope -to bring thereto. the water fide, unlefs we be hindered by the enemy, who hitherto.-. hath been reafonably quiet: all the hurt and difcommodity that, we have received (which, God be thanked-, hath been very little)' from them, hath been from their ordnance, with which they make: wonderous good fhots, and, for ought I can fee, better than with- their mufkets, although there be no greater inequality of diftance in; that refped between them and us, than the breadth of our counter-- fcarps. Our trenches begin to run now fomething near them, at. moft not above half a mufket-fhot, and our men and theirs play. continually upon one another from their works, with their fmalL- fhot. Amongft our redoubts, we have one of reafonable good- ftrength, wherein we intend to plant ordnance, and the platforms. are now ready for it. It will he of great ufe,to us to defend and flank our trenches, and will greatly inCommodate the enemy in his out-works, but will chiefly annoy him in that little fpace of paffaga that remains open, which he fometimes- vifits by going to and fro,; as the fox (in the game of fox and geekf) ufeth to do, when he is near his penning up. ^This is the ftate of both fides ; another party there is which remains in the ftate of indifferency, and that is the inhabitants of the ifland, which hitherto have enjoyed, generally, as. much liberty and freedom, as they have ever had in the "greateft peace, faving of late, that having found the papiffs fomething too bufy on giving advices, and furnifhing provifions-to the enemy, and * I pray your Lordfliip ftrain the comparifon no farther.. withal STATE. PAPERS, 53 withal exading a little too much upon the foldiers, contrary to fun- CHARLES dry proclamations publifhed in that behalf; an edid was made com- 16Z7. manding them, upon pain of being ufed as enemies, to depart within fix days out of the ifland :_ which edid, at their humble requeft and fubmiffion, hath remained unexecuted, but not abrogated, and the rather becaufe we would have wanted their aid, in the making of fait and wine, and In calling of our trenches, in which to-day they begin to work. Both' proteftants and papifts we have difarmed, and rated the price of viduals, fo that we begin to have pretty markets. ' We have no great want of any thing yet, but if we winter here, the cold will make us find that there is no great ftore of fuel ; and after a while, the wheat of the ifland, whereof every one makes fuch havock to feed their horfes, will grow fcanty, this ifland yielding not enough for the uie of the inhabitants, much lefs for our army too which, though at a dear rate, hitherto hath beefffed with the bread of this ifland, which the foldier found more eafy for his teeth than for his purfe : howfoever there have not been wanting thofe that have played reafonably well their parts. Touching our main ene mies, we hear every day of their preparations to fend fuccour hither, and in Oleron they have already 10,000 fighting men, whereof 4000 foot, and 500 horfe, at leaft, are old foldiers. Rochelle hath not yet declared itfelf, but will fhortly be put to it by Monfieur D'Angoulefme, who is already within their government, and with in lefs than two leagues of their town, with fome troops both horfe and foot, with which he intends to build a fort, at the Point of Co- reille, near Rochelle, to bridle the paffage by fea, and hath already fignified fo much to the Sawn, but pretending that it is to hinder the Englifh from landing there, and this will fhortly prove lapis fcandali. Monfieur de Rohan is up in arms, and was to come to Montauban about the S-iith of this month (which is to-morrow) with 2000 foot, and 500 horfe. We hear that the Duke of Savoy, and with him the Count of Soiffons, are alfo coming ; and befides the difcontents of Vol. II. F both,, 34 STATE PAPERS. CHARLES be-tli, I have this farther reafon, that the Count of Soiffons is to 1627. - marry the Duke of Rohan's only daughter. What other diverfions ' "" ' and diftradions the death ofthe French King (whereof we hive -ad vice) will produce, I know not ; I hope.it will not be prejudicial to our defigns. Thus, with my humble duty remembered to your Lord fliip, I humbly remain Your Lordfhip's moft humble and moft devoted fervant, St. Martin's, HeN, De VlC. this ^th of Auguft, 1627. Sir Edward Conway is not yet returned from Rochelle. We have fome 500 French in our army. Duke of Buckingham, to Edward Nicholas, Efq. Nicholas, HP HERE is nothing will, more advance- his Majefty's fervice here, than a fpeedy fupply of viduals, and other neceffary pro- vifions for his army. Whereupdn I would not have you fail to continue your diligent folicitation of the officers to that purpofe. But, in the mean time, to procure what monies you can of mine own, to be employed to this purpofe ; for our bufinefs now in adion admits no delay, and I know my mafter cannot at this prefent levy ^monies in fo fhort a time, as will be neceffary for us to receive fup plies in ; therefore advife with Dick Qliver and Fotherley about it. I can return you no more fhips yet, until Ihe citadel be rendered ; till when, this whole ifland will take up all bur fhipping in the guard of it, being daily threatened arid attempted by this King's forces, and with numerous fupplies in relief of the citadel from the main land. And thus, with confidence of your known diligence and , difcretion STATE PAPERS. , 35 difcretion in what may concern our own coafts, as his Majefty's fleet charles abroad, I reft, l6z7- Your's, G. Buckingham. Mr. De Vic to Lord Conway. Right honourable and my lingular good Lord, •\j OUR Lordfhip hath feen by thofe his Excellency hath written 4fth Auguff. to you, what our prefent condition is, and how great need we have of a fpeedy fupply from England; and by the copy of Monf. de Rohan's letter fo his brother, what preparations both the Duke of Savoy and he make for the wars. You have* alfo underftood the ftate of our affairs with thofe of Rochelle, fo that I have little left to acquaint your Lordfhip withal, unlefs it be with fuch occurrences as are not worthy to divert you. Our trenches are now, at length, after many flops, and more faults, come to the water fide, fo that the enemy hath no fpace left him to get out of the citadel by land, but at low water, where he muft needs pafs by a redoubt of ours, made at the end-of our works to keep that paffage. By fea, our fhips are difpofed in the form of a' half moon, within half a mufket fhot one of the other, whereof the horns encompafs the citadel;, and about twenty fhallops which lie every night befpre it, well armed with murderers, mufkets, pikes and fireworks ; befides this we have a new invention in hand, of buoying fome mails a pretty way from the fhore before the citadel, to hinder the fhallops from going in or coming out, keep ing only a few boats at the end of thatv row of mafts, to guard the fpaces between them and the fhore, which will fpare a great many fhallops which may be employed in other ufes. The ten thoufand men whereof I wrote to your Lordfhip in my former, to be in Oleron,. F 2 ass' s6 STATE PAPERS. CHARLES are. now reduced to a leffer number, many of the entertained com- 1627. panies having been -withdrawn from thence, and beftowed in places where they are thought to be more ufeful; and the volunteers,- efpecially the horfe troops, after the cuftom of the French, having retired for want of prefent employment. Notwithftanding, we keep a ftrong guard upon that coaft, which is fallen to the charge of Capt. Penington's fquadron ; fo that I conjedure by the enemy's proceed ing, that his intention is not as yet to bring a great force in the ifland,. neither are his fleets in readinefs for to do it, but only to make the citadel fubfift by fupplying it with all manner of provi- fions, wherewith being furnifhed, it will hold us play a great while," there being no other way to take it than by famine, or by hazard ing more men than I am afraid we fhall be able to fpare. And, to this purpofe, they are preparing fhallops in many places, extraordi narily well manned, and having many granadoes with them, which they intend to make pafs with viduals and ammunition, at what rate foever, having feleded for; this fervice the defperate crew of the Duke D'Angoulefme's army. Touching Rochelle, your Lordfhip hath underftood by his Excellency's letter, how they are now mak ing a work at Tadon, &c. wherein I fhall only fay'thus much, that I cannot chufe but wonder, that the Duke D'Angoulefme being within two mufket fhot of thofe works, with fuch an army, and the fort Lewis on the other fide, towards which they have been all this while naked, being able, if not to beat them from their works, at leaft to incommodate them therein, neither the one nor the other have made fo much as a fhot at them ; which makes me fufped that either there is fome intelligence between that King's Minifters and the town, or that the King's affairs are in fuch a weak and diftempered eftate, as he dares not provoke them. And though the Rochellers are men of a ftrange, fickle, and jealous difpofition, yet I incline rather to the other opinion for many reafons, which this bearer's importunity to be gone, will not fuffer me to lay down. 4 Touching STATE PAPERS. 37 Touching our army, being of that compofition I told your Lordfhip CHARLES in my laft letter, you will not exped any notable adive defign. I 1627. think my Lord Duke hath fent for -Colonel Ogle, who may be of very good ufe here, and I know your Lordfhip can prevail with him, more than any other} to make him undertake the voyage. Coun cils we have feldom, either becaufe his Excellency finds them other than he expeded, or that, in this ftate of affairs, there is little ufe of them. I fend your Lordfhip the manifeft in print, to make amends for the bad writing of the former copy. His Excellency is of your Lordfhip's difpofition in this, that you do all the bufinefs upon the fpur ; and your Lordfhip knows, I am not commonly be fore-hand with mine, which makes me fometimes to be taken tardy, as I am at this prefent, rather for want of time than of matter. Thus, with my humble duty remembered to your Lord fhip, I humbly remain Your Lordfhip's moft humble and moft devoted fervant* ^ ,J^rM/rtin> < Hen. De Vic. this [£th of Auguft, 1627. The inclofed letters coming from Spain, have been ftaid and opened by his Excellency, who hath commanded me to fend them to you. I have written to Mr. Atres' correfpondent, by his Ex cellency's command. 38 STATE P/A'P'E R S. CHARLES I. . lGzJ- , Duke of Buckingham to Lord Conway. *• ' v- , k c — ¦* -* My very good Lord, sith Auguft. "tJESTERDAY morning I received your feveral letters by Mr. Bartley, for which I kindly thank you, and intreat ybur Lord fhip for a continuance. I have read Mr. Montague's relation with a great' deal of contentment, in his good endeavours for the advance ment of his Majefty's fervice. Concerning the Duke of Savoy's defign upon Geneva, I conceive it to be very unfeafonable, and of wondrous prejudice to the adion that is now in hand, which being chiefly for" the reftitution of the churches, it will be fubjed to ftrange conftrudions, that he fhould at the fame time attempt upon a princi pal member of them, and at one inftant join -with thofe of their party* and himfelf go againft them. And therefore I think it not amifs that Mr. Montague fhould receive diredions to divert him from that enterprize, by reprefenting unto him the difadvantages it will bring with it, and how he may more ufefully and profitably employ his forces in the profecution of thofe defig*ns, which his Majefty hath entered into with fo good fuccefs* and will purfue with all poffible conftaricy and vigour. Touching the overtures of .marriage with * the Count of Soiffons, it is a thing very confiderable, would have .been entertained with more chearfulnefs, and purfued with fuch a{~ furances, as, in contemplation of the certainty, and great benefits of this alliance, vfcmld have engage^ him prefently to enter into adion ; an ad in this conjundure of affairs of wondrous confequence. As for Monf. de Rohan, you will fee, by a copy of his letter to Monf. de Soubize, the fcope of his intentions. How. we flood with the Pvochellers, your Lordfhip hath underftood by my laft of the 28th of the laft month, fince which time Monf. D'Angoulefme with 6ooo foot, 500 horfe, and 40 pieces of ordnance, is come within lefs than a mile STATE PAPERS. 39 a mile of the town, where he lodges with his army. His pretence CHARLES is to hinder our landing in thofe parts, and to that purpofe defired 1627. them not to find it ftrange if he built a' fort in thofe parts. This,' and the flop he makes of all manner of provifions' from coming into the town, hath fo alarmed the Rochellers, that they prefently fent unto me, to acquaint me therewith, praying me to give them my advice what was "fitteft to be done, and to lend them 500 French that were in the army, to help them. to feize upon that place, and to fortify it, which I did accordingly, and furnifhed them with arms to that purpofe, thereby to haften their engagement, and affure my felf of thofe men upon all occafions. And- now I underftand, by other deputies that are come to me, that they are in hand with that work, which will be, within a few days, in a ftate of defence, unlefs they be hindered by the enemy, which is Jike enough to fit flill, until he receives new forces out of Poidou;.and by that time I hope they will be fufficiently provided- for him. It remains now that I put your Lordfhip in mind of our prefent condition, which is fuch, as, without a fpeedy fupply, will not only difable us from gain ing any thing upon the enemy, but hazard the making good of what we have already got. Your Lordfhip knows what fmall forces we brought with us, which cannot chufe but be much diminifhed, having met with fo many ways of confumption, whereof the moft dangerous is now at hand (the vintage). For the fupplies that are to come out of Ireland, I have rather hope than confidence in that fuccour, which depending upon fo many, and thofe fo uncertain ways, there is little affurance to be given to it. Therefore I in treat your Lordfhip to haften the other out of England, and to give order that thofe foldiers that are appointed for recruits only, may have no particular officers for their condud, but that the fame offi cers which fhall be appointed for the new companies, may alfo take charge of the recruits till their arrival, that fo the recruits may be difpofed of to their true end, which is the reinforcement of the former 4o ' STATE PAPERS. Charles former companies, and not in making of new, which can be of no 1627. other ufe, than to draw more charges upon his Majefty. Your " Lordfhip fees what we want, and what we rely upon; and I doubt not but you will take care for the fupplyirig of our neceffities, wherein you may come fhort of our wants, but cannot well exceed our ufes. We have fuch ways of employment that the more forces we have, the lefs chargeable they will be to his Majefty ; and the lefs, the more expenfive. I will prefcribe your Lordfhip no'other limitations in this, than that the fupplies which you fend, may be every way anfwerable to your affedion to Your Lordfhip's moft humble fervant, From the camp, at St. Martin's, /"» R„pr,„„„.„ this f|th of AuguA, 1627. ^ u -Buckingham. I would intreat you-to fpeak to his Majefty, for Sir Alexander Brett, that he may have Sir William Heydon's place in the Artil lery ; and Mr. Patrick Mawle, that of Gentleman Ufher, which was promifed him by my late Mafter^ Duke of Buckingham to Lord Conway. My dear Friend, JT will not be enough to tell your humble fervant hath hitherto been fortunate, except I acquaint your noble heart likewife, that both your'fons did fo courageoufly contribute to it, that neither of them came off unhurt; but I thank God they are both in health, and now in no danger; neither is your humble fervant likely to' leave this country but with the efteem of an honeft man; and, I am fure, your humble fervant, G. Buckingham. ? STATE PAPERS. 41 CHARLES I. Mr. De Vic to Lord Conway. » — r^~* Right honourable, and my Angular good Lord, ' £* ONT.RARY to my promife and duty, I am now again fur- Sept. 4th. prifed; but it is no news to your Lbrdfhip, to fee me fall in U£' ast * the fame fault more than once, efpecially in fault of negligence. I muft confefs I could never have met with occafion that could have made my hafle more excufable, having little elfe to write befides the remembrance of my humble duty to your Lordfhip, to which, whatfoever I fhall add, might have better become the relation of this bearer ; with whom I mean to begin, letting your Lordfhip know, that his Excellency doth place a great deal of confidence in him, and makes him partaker of his chiefeft Councils, for the ad- vancement of his defigns, not without the envy of moft pf the officers who are jealous of that privacy, as trenching (as they, con ceive) fomething upon them. Your Lordfhip doth know the man and what parts he hath, by which you may judge whether any extraordinary worth in him, or the fcarcity of able men, as fome would have it, have approached hirn to his Excellency.- For my part, I am not able to judge of it, but I think his adivity, induftry, and application of himfelf to thofe things which others as able, but iefs induftrious, look to be called unto, have made him fo ufeful, and fo much employed by his Excellency. The caufe of this his voyage you will learn of himfelf, according to the diredions he hath from his Excellency, who in my hearing told him (after an honour able mention of your worth and affedion to him) he placed his chiefeft confidence of his expedition, in your Lordfhip's care. Sir Edward Conway is fome days fince returned from Rochelle, and is pretty well recovered of his wound. His Excellency was very glad to fee him, and expreffed a great deal of .contentment in his Vol. II. G return, .- STATE PAPERS. 42 CHARLES' return, which I have heard him often defire. I fend to your Lord- 1(527. fhip the copy of the fummons, wherewith his Excellency did me V~" ' the honour to fend by me to Monfieur de Toiras, together with the anfwer, which he returned the next day, by the Baron St. Surinr who hath been often with' his Excellency about overtures to be made of an accommodation of affairs between the two Crowns; wherein he hath little' profited, his Excellency feeing fo clear, into his intentions, as it was impoffible for the other to hide, or to get any advantage, by fuch grofs pretences. It were too long for me to inform' your Lordfhip of all the cifeumftarices of this bufinefs, and the means that have been- propounded to bring it about. This bearer1, which hath been a chief ador in it, will acquaint your Lord fhip with all thofe paffages. Touching Rochelle, I can better fay they are not in peace, than that they are in war ; or if it be one, it is without blows. The 'Duke D'Angoulefme fortified at Bongrerie*. and thofe of KbcheHe, near the place where they had a fort called Tadon. The Duke pretends he hatli no intention to build a fort there, and indeed what he hath done hitherto, is but a line ; but your LorcT- fhip knows that the greateft works have their fmall beginnings, and if it go on, will prove no lbfs prejudicial than the old fort; tP which this being sidded, will block up Rochelle entirely by land. As for the work that the Rochellers make, and which is, by this time, in a ftate of defence, it is to hinder the Duke from making one at Tadon, where themfelves dare not build, becaufe it is fomething tod far from town, and they have but little forces to make it 'goodt They have not yet declared themfelves, nor are they much prefTed unto by his Excellency, to whom they1 Would be of little ufe, until" we have compaffed our defign upon this ifland ; that being done, we fhall need no great intreaty. Concerning the ftate of our army, it is, God be thanked, without ficknefs or neceffity. Our enemy is now penned in by land, and almoftby fea, by *means of certain booms we have laid before the citadel, STATE PAPERS, 43 citadel, to keep all fuccour from coming that way. They begin to CHARLES be in want; and every Your Lordfhip's faithful friend and humble fervant, (From the Camp at St. Martin's, in the Ifte of Rhe, the - 10th ./"• r> TT „ „ . v „ . , pf September, .1627.. Xr' BUCKINGHAM. Sir William Beecher to Lord Conway. May it pleafe your Lordfhip, :37th Sept. J HOLD it my duty to advertife you, that I parted from Portf- mouth Road the 16 th of -September,* and, by the jath, with fome difficulty, I got to Falmouth with the reft of the fleet, where we were driven to put in by the contrariety of winds. The 31ft we put out from thence again, and on the 25th we arrived herein the Hie of Rhe', with all the fleet, without any decay either of men or provifions. And I do efteem it for one of the extraordinary bleffings of God upon this adion, that we arrived here fo oppor tunely ; for that if we had ftaid, I dare not fay how little time longer, by all men's confeffion, the whole adion had been in great hazard. I dare not interpofe my cenfure of this adion of war, underftanding it S T A TE PAPERS. 47 it fo little as I do ; but I fee all men full of hope and confidence, to CHARLES carry the place with affurance, within a very fhort fpace, if all fuc- i&27- eour by fea in dark and ftormy nights may be prevented ; for which . purpofe " here is ufed all means poffible. There would daily run away many in the fort, if our own men did not k;eep them in, be caufe it is held the beft to force them to come out all together ; but in the mean time it is fignified to them, by fundry ways, that if they will render, they fhall have good quarter. But yefterday a= drummer was fent, to defire a paffportfor. a gentleman, to treat of a* matter of importance, but he received anfwer, that except he came to treat of rendering the citadel, he might have no paffport'; fince when, we hear no more of them, but peradventure may do very fhortly. It is fb late fince mine arrival,, that I cannot yet geti itrefblved, to have the fhipping. which came with me difcharged and- fent back, and here are fo many advertifements given, of fhips pre pared all along thecoafts, tojoin with the Spanifh galleons, to come and fight with 4is, as I doubt it may breed fome flop in the prefent difpofing of the fhips to other fer.yices. For my part I can only fay, that I did neither fee in my paffage any argument of a fleet amaffed together, nor can think that the Spanifh galleons arid they can meet r together, but with much ceremony and time. It would be very ne ceffary, with the firft opportunity, that, hofe, and fhoes, and fhirts,, fhould be fent for the foldiers, and that merchants fhould be encou raged to (end hither of all kinds of prpvifions, for which there will; be means to return fait (of which my Lord Duke hath, a great; quantity already in his hands) and wines, whereof there is reafon-- able ftore, made this vintage. I fhewed my Lord Duke the note: which, your Lordfhip fent me to Portfmouth, by the King's com mand, concerning fait, which my Lord Duke tells me, he had in. confideration before my coming, and. means to fend the information of it at large very prefenily. Thus, with mine humble duty re* membered. 4g S TATE PAPERS. charles membered, 1 befeech the Almighty to preferve your Lordfliip ia 1627. health and happinefs. 1 • ' " ' Your Lordfhip's humble fervant, .This 27th of September, 1627. ' WlLL. BEECHER, From St, Martin's. < Sir William Beecher to Lord Conway. 5dOftober. T AM, by my Lord Duke's commandment, to advertife you of the occurrences fallen out fince the date of this letter of the 27th of September, which goeth in this packet, by which I do advertife your Lordfhip of my paffage and .arrival here. On the 28th, there came two gentlemen to treat of the rendering of the citadel j who, growing into terms of delay, his Grace did give them that afternoon. at four of the clock, to prefent their conditions, which they would. demand, to come forth. But at four of the clock, they fending a letter to demand time until eight this morning, his Grace finding them to feek delays, gave fo much the ftrider order, to have the watch at fea againft the citadel, kept with greater care. But that night being very dark, and fomewhat ftormy, upon the fhooting of the fhips, for warning of an enemy's approach at fea, his Grace did rife, and went to fea himfelf, to put forward the bufinefs ; but al- moft all our barks of the watch taking a contrary courfe .in the dark, the enemy's fleet, confifting of thirty-five barks^broke through- the thickeft of our fleet, and the Admiral was taken, with divers gentlemen, -prifoners therein, being ftopt by the hawfers drawn on purpofe between our fhips,; but fourteen or fifteen of them got through into the citadel; the reft turned back. His Grace did upon it expofe his perfon very far, to draw on the fea watch to fall • 9 in STATEPAPERS. 49 in with them in the dark, and to fet them on fire, and it cannot be charles excufed, but that many of them did very ill perform their duty. Yet 16*7. the next day at noon (our ordnance having kept them from dis charging) his Grace in perfon drew forth divers of the feamen in boats, and fent them to aflift a fire-fhip, which with great hazard and refolution was fet on fire,1 and put in amongft the barks of fuccour clofe to the citadel, but the wind being altogether calmed, and the fea retiring, they of the citadel, with long poles, found means to put off the fire-fhip ; and that night they were unloaded ; by which I do judge the citadel cannot have lefs than a month's provifion, having not left, before, viduals for two days. That afternoon the Colonels defired leave to advife among themfelves, and to prefent their advice what was fit to be done in this cafe, as things flood. And all with one voice concluded, that it was fit for them to be gone ; the grounds whereof were thefe, that by the late coming of their fuccours and fupplies, they were kept in fuch con tinual weaknefs, that they could not advance their works as haa* been requifite; that by the extreme duties, and the immoderate eating of grapes (which no care could prevent) the foldiers were fo wafted, as there do not now remain above 5000 able men, and 2500 fick men, and the difeafe runs on fo violently, as worfe is daily, to be feared. That all the induftry which the feamen could hitherto ufe, hath not been able to prevent fundry fuccours to enter, without which the citadel had been rendered fix weeks fince. That their provifions were not only wafted, but much of them, fpoiled and unferviceable, and their corn being unground, whenfoever there grew a calm, the foldiers were ready to mutiny for want of bread. That their fuccours from home arrived always fo late, as they ferved only to keep them in a lingering weaknefs. And that now by mine arrival, they had means to return home, which otherwife had been defperate. Upon this advice my Lord Duke did refolve once to return ; but that night there arriving fome deputies from Rochelle, Vol. II. H they $0 STATE PAPE'RS. CHARLES they firft moved his Grace, by their extreme cries and complaints, 1627. unto pity, and profeffing to give his Grace the uttermoft affiftance '' which their poverty and their prefent eftate might afford, being preffed on all fides by the King's army, where he is now arrived in perfon. It was refolved the next day, by advice, that we fhould prepare all things as much as might be, for a departure, but to fuf pend the execution until his Grace might hear from Rochelle, what might be done by them. On this day, being the 3d of Odober, arrived Monfieur de Soubize, and four deputies from Rochelle, who make offer to take- 1000 of our fick men into their town, to fend 500 of their men hither, to help to bear the duties here, to provide us with meal for our corn, that we may have a provifion of bread before-hand; to fend us hither more fmall barks, to help to make our guard ftronger at fea. The inhabitants likewife of the religion in the ifland, offer to take off the reft of our fick men, to put 500 men in arms to affift us, to ftrengthen likewife with their men and * boats our guard at fea. His Grace likewife, upon a more exad fur- vey of his viduals, hath taken a courfe to lengthen out his provi- fions, and to fend out fome of his fhips, to diffipate the preparations of farther fuccours. And upon thefe grounds, it was this day refolved by general confent of all but one, to exped here our fuc cours from England. I am therefore, by his Grace's command, to defire you to ufe all poffible induftry for the fetting forward of my Lord of Holland's, and my Lord of Moreton's regiments; and to move his Majefty and the Lords to fend, with all fpeed, fuch fup plies of meal, viduals, and apparel, as he hath formerly written for; and to fend likewife 'for fuel, great ftore of fea-coal for ballaft, which will be very neceffary for the foldiers in thefe cold feafbns. It would be likewife very neceffary, that merchants of all parts fhould be encouraged to fend hither all forts of provifions, for which they may either have money here, or a return of fait and wines, of which his Grace hath already great ftore in his hands. I am com manded STATEPAPERS. 51 nianded to defire you, to haften back this bearer Mr. Griffin. So, Charles A. with mine humble duty remembered, I pray God to keep your 1627-. Lordfhip in good health and profperity. Your Lordfhip's moft humbly at commandment, - ^T^^f1"1'8; Will. Beecher. WJS3dofO#aber, 1627. Mr. De Vic to Lord Conway, Right Honourable, and my Angular good Lord, 'THAT I have not written to your Lordfhip by Mr. Afhburn- i2-22dOft. ham and Mr. Griffin, I humbly pray your Lordfhip accept of this true excufe, that my abfence from the camp, being employed in a continual fervice for his Excellency in other parts of the ifland, made me ignorant of their departure, the fuddennefs whereof fur- prifed many others befides me, defirous enough, and, far nearer than myfelf, to have laid hold upon thofe occafions. Since which no other occurrences have happened, but what are ordinary in all affairs, efpecially in the wars, changes and alterations, as of the ftate of affairs, fo of councils and refolutions. It was impoffible for me to have imagined fo fudden and fo great a change as I faw in us, upon the coming of the laft fuccour of the citadel. Such an alteration there was upon that unhappy accident, of joy into fadnefs, confidence into defpair, triumphs to retreats, as I could hardly conceive the fame fpirits had been capable of fo much con trariety.* I have too honourable an opinion of us, to attribute this pnto fear, but it was very like it, and of many, but queftionlefs undefervedly, thought to be fo. Neither do I think it a longing in fome to return home to their wives ; I hope we have none fo uxorious ; or impatiency in others, to be a little fcanted in frefh H ^a meats, S* STATE PAPERS. meats, and defirous to eat Chriftmas beef at home ; our- own cou rage, the honour of our nation, his Majefty's fervice, and the very example of the enemy, teach us better things. I rather attribute it to the care of our officers, who confidering our men died apace, and like to fall more and more by means of ficknefs, hard duties in this winter time, together with the ability of the enemy to fub- fift long, both by what they had already received, and (notwith- ftanding all we could do) would come in daily, by the opportunity of ftorms, which in this feafon and country are not fcanty, thought fitter for his Majefty's fervice, to make a voluntary and fafe retreat, than to hazard a forcible arid fhameful expulfion by the enemy, and our own neceffities. But the incomparable courage of his Excel lency had overcome all thefe difficulties (though pufhed home unto him with fo much plainnefs, and in unfit places, to which he op-- pofed all the arguments that wifdom, valour, entirenefs of devotion and affedion to his prince and country, and fenfe of the diftreffed and lamentable condition of the poor churches, by fuch a defertion, could fuggeft unto him,) had not a more forcible argument, the- confideration of want of viduals, reprefented unto him by thofe he could not but believe in that point, but who were themfelves de ceived in it, made him to affent unto it. Hereupon order is taken for a retreat, the place where we landed, fortified to fecure us in it, the ordnance embarked, all but our fmall drakes, the fick, fome fent to Rochelle, fome aboard the fhips, all unneceffary things em barked, and nothing left afhore that might become a prey to the enemy. In this ftate were we, though refolved not to depart, till our own neceffities, or the conquering fword of the enemyr fhould compel us to the laft refuge of embarking, when (upon examination of our provifions) our ftores being found otherwife than was ima gined, and Mr. Dolbier coming with news of fpeedy fupplies, the refolutions of a retreat prefently changed into thofe of ftaying, and biding it out, made it evident how much his Excellency was againft STATE PAPERS. 5$ againft the former. Here we are, and intend to remain as long as CHARLES our own provifions, and all the ways we can ufe to lengthen them, 1627. will enable us ; when that is done, you will hot think it our fault if we come to you. If I can get .any time, I will venture to make a paraphrafe upon this letter, but I cannot do it without hazard, for want ot my cypher, which, with my money and other things, have been ftolen from me in my abfence. Thus, with my humble duty to your Lordfhip, I remain Your Lordfhip's moft humble and moft devotecLfervant;; , From St. Martin's, HEK. De VlG. this iz-zzd of Oftober, 1627. 54 STATE PAPERS, No. III. From the > Papers ahut a fecret Treaty with the Flemings. Paper-office. ' ^ [This private negociation between Charles I. and fome principal members of the States of Flanders and Brabant, has been paffed over in filerice by the numerous hiftorians of his reign. That Prince, in the weak ftate of his government, was little able to fupport fo bold an undertaking, and in his foreign meafures he , was undetermined whether to take part for or againft the houfe of Auftria ; confequently could have no real weight with any of the great Catholic powers. Sir Belthazar Gerbier, who, on the breaking out of the, civil wars went into the Parliament fervice, publifhed after the King's death, a pamphlet called the Non-fuch Charles; in which he accufes Lord Cottington with having betrayed the fecret to the Court of Madrid, whilft the treaty with the difcontented Flemings was depending. That noble Lord, faithful as he was to his Matter's intereft through his whole life, was as ftrongly at tached to thofe of Spain, where he chofe to turn Papift, and end • - his days after the King's executidn. Vide Clarendon. Gerbier had been mafter of the Horfe to the Duke of Buck ingham, was, a great virtuofo, and patronized Rubens and Van dyke; he was refident many years at Bruffels, was acquainted with the intrigues of that Court, and tranfmitted very material intelligence from thence. There is a letter from him. amongft Thurloe's papers wherein he diredly charges Lord Cottington with the treachery above- mentioned, a fofter term cannot be given to the fad. For STATE PAPERS. 5s Por more particulars about Gerbier, the -reader, is referred to charles Mr. Walpole's very elegant and ufeful work on Eriglifli painters l632- and artifts, vol. II. which all lovers of tafte and vertu muft with to fee completed.] Extrails from the relation of Mr. Gerbier s account given to his Majefiy of the flate of the Catholic States. May it- pleafe your Majefty, HAVING no news of my letter of Vth laft, written to your A*S*& H&« Majefty in cypher, I fhall endeavour in this to touch the bufi nefs of importance, for the which I fhould have gone into England. This bearer being an exprefs, and fure meffenger, I fpare writing in cypher. Thefe ftates fpiritual and temporal, perceiving that the Spaniards are no more able to fupport and defend them and their religion, had refolved (as appears in my difpatch ofthe 12th of June) that in their affembly appointed for the 20th prefent, They would make not only a general proteftation againft this government, but alfo, in cafe that * Maeftricht were lbft, undertake the care of the State, making themfelves Free States; drive out the Spaniards, contrad alliances with their neighbours, and a peace with the Hollanders ; which refolution was neither fudden nor accidental, but premeditated of a long while, and therefore of more force. And confidering what good ftroke France had therein, I have not failed to have a careful eye thereunto ; that nothing might be ne- gleded which concerned your Majefty's glory, and the intereft of your kingdoms. I have aded my part, without putting myfelf in - the pofture of a monopolizer, having only hearkened unto what 'paft. * Then befieged by Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange. 5 The 56 STATE PAPERS. The Infanta and this Spanifh Council were aftoniflied at the dan gerous confequences which (as I have written in my difpatch of the 26th) caufed the adjournment of the faid Affembly; which hath notwithftanding in no. manner diminifhed the firft refolution of the States, who exped only till the furrender of Maeftricht, knowing it is then in their power to oblige the Infanta to a convocation of the aforefaid States; if not, they will affemble of themfelves. But in deed, the great want of monies moved the Infanta to declare their affembly for the 10th of July paft, as alfo for to keep the States in a, good temper. Which determination notwithftanding was changed on the 1 ith, by reafon of advertifements the Infanta had received from Nicolaldy in England, and another, that thefe States re folved to fhake off the Spaniards, and make themfelves free; that there was only the Duke of Arfcot faithful and conftant to the King of Spain; that therefore the Infanta ought to have a very great care therein. The Infanta fummoned thereupon the States to a fecret Council, and therein fhewed them the letters, in which there was fet down in exprefs terms, that upon fome conference be tween perfons in England, advertifement was given, that upon the lofs of Maeftricht, thefe States would caft off the Spanifh govern ment. The Infantafhewed the faid letters to Sir Peter Rubens, who told me, that they bore fuch information as would hazard the lives of many in thefe countries. Which particularities 1 thought myfelf bound to fet down. But as concerning the States, their refolutions being grounded on what was wrought by France upon their difpofitions, they ftick faft unto their firft, point, which is to procure a new form, although the remedy (whereunto their long labours and pains do carry them) may be in itfelf, for the novelty, as dangerous as the evil ; as the hif- tories of the pradices of the Duke D'Anjou do witnefs ; that if they be carried to an infurredion, it would facilitate the conqueft France doth feem to hope for; for which end the French/ have won unto them STATEPAPERS. 57 them the chief of thofe whofe inter efts beft agree with France, and charles who will ftir any requifite time. i63z- The particularities and deep fecrets were communicated unto me by a perfon difguifed, who had taken an hour in the night for to fpeak unto me; which perfon I muft needs judge to be of worth; his ftrong arguments and prudent language bearing fufficient proof. He fpoke as in the name of a whole body, which aimed to be fup- ported by an alliance with England, for to counterbalance France ; who inftead of a confederacy, prepared means to bring thefe pro vinces into fubjedion ; which to prevent, the fupport of England was conceived the ftrongeft remedy, and therefore was defired I fhould "procure, under your Majefty's hand and feal, power for to hear (under profound fecret) what was fo confiderable, that fhewing my authorization, and engaging my word for fecrecy, I might know not only the party, but be fure it was no French. This party (as the faid perfon told me) being in no fmall emulation with the 6'ther for points of honours, expedirig no lefs from your Majefty, than as the King of Spain had honoured them with the Fleece, they might have to wear the Garter, as a mark of dependency of honours, and to be even with thofe who fhould be honoured with the order of the Holy Ghoft. I was very attentive unto this difcourfe, my mind ftill fixed on the proverb Diffidentia eft mater prudentice, not being certain but that this perfon might be fet on purpofely to found me, if England was defirous ofthe fubverfion ofthe Spanifh government. Wherefore, my firft anfwer was with admiration, feigning not well at firft to comprehend their defign, and with much difficulty thefe high refolutions, lefs their fuccefs, confidered the troubles paft and prefent amongft them, intimating thereby that I lived not here to forge fadions ; but that withal, England ought to be ac counted as .their beft and moft confiderable neighbourhood, both for its fituation, ftrength by fea, commerce and affedion of the people, foL. II. I who 5S S T A TE PAPERS, Charles vho h^ve always lived in good intelligence with thefe countries ; 1632. being from France whence all the ftirs proceed, as the hiftories do bear record. The faid perfon promifed then, that, upon the pro curing of my authorization, he would make known himfelf defiring that no time might be loft. Confidering therefore the advantages your Majefty might reap hereby.; and, on the other part, how pre judicial it would be to your Majefty, that France fhould procure, a primitive alliance with thefe States, if not the conqueft ; which would render France too potent a neighbour ; I thought fitting to advertife your Majefty thereof in thefe terms ; and believe your Majefty will approve that, upon this confideration, I fet down thofe of Queen Elizabeth in the years 1576-77, and 1578, who by a lingular pru dence laboured to hinder this people from calling themfelves under the profedion of France. Which considerations I thought fitting to fet down thefe with particularities. And feeing the lives of great per fons might run hazard by the difcovery'of thefe defigns, I find my felf bound in charity and loyalty not to communicate them any far ther than to your Majefty, who may impart them unto your prudent Council, as in your royal wifdom fhall be thought fitting, it being, the requeft made by the fecret party. Your Majefty may be pleafed to weigh the glory which will re wound unto your Majefty from this alliance; which excluding the Spaniards for ever from this part of the world, will ferve as an af fured rampart to other countries, neighbours and allies of your' Majefty, and free them from any change or invafion. Your Majefty will be pleafed to let me be inftruded of your royal pleafure herein, that I may know how to purfue this bufinefs* left thefe people through defpair eaft themfelves away immediately by France. I touched in my difpatch of the 2r-3ift of Auguft, the bufinefs of Bouchain, in which plainly appeared the defigns of France; who, when it came to the pufh, did,, as it were, ftep back, moved there unto STATE PAPERS. S9 unto either for not being ready, or not refolving a breach with charles Spain, or expeding the taking of Maeftricht. On this occafion of l6$2- the bufinefs of Bouchain being difcoyered, the French Refident, Monfieur Beriiyer, was commanded from Bruffels. I touched in my difpatch of the 4th of September to his Majefty, what followeth : The bufinefs contained in my difpatch unto your Majefty of the i4-4th of July, advanceth very much ; fo that I fear your Majefty's inftrudions will not come fo foon as I fhall ftand in need of them, the bufinefs being ftill in the fame eftate, inclining tp your Majefty ; for fome of thefe States are in great fufpicion and jealoufy of France, whence- the refolutions of thefe to a revolution were fa* mented. I can affure your Majefty, that thefe States offer to put into my hands, abfolute means to render your Majefty mafter of this bufi nefs, to the exclufion of the French ; fo that in cafe the Spaniards obtain not a truce, they will find themfelves excluded for ever from thefe countries, &c. I touched in my letters of the I2th-2d of September to his Ma jefty, what followeth: Your Majefty will underftand by the note inclofed in-my letter to the Secretary, that within few days I fhall be able to give an ac count of all that is paffed ; in the interim, your Majefty may be pleafed to know, that all goes on very currently, and can receive no change, but by the death pf the King of France, bruited here in great danger. God forgive the givers of information from England^ for thereby the fecret fuffers violence; which muft needs be, fince Nicolaldy could write to the Abbot D'Efcaglia, that I had afked leave to come unto your Majefty, and that the order was fent me. I touched in my difpatch ofthe 8i-ilth of September to his Ma jefty, what followeth-; , I 4 la 60 STATE PAPERS, In my laft of the 2 2d, I wrote, that, by this extraordinary, I fheuld give an account of the great bufinefs. Your Majefty's com- miffion by him to me, came very feafonably for to countenance my endeavours, that France fhould not draw this jpeople under her fub- jedion, upon colour to proted them. In my laft letter of the i4-4th, were fet down my firft anfwers to the perfon difguifed, which anfwers were with caution, for to prevent all fubjed of fufpicion in the King of Spain's Minifters here, of forging fadions with this people; which caution was alfo necef fary not only to difcover whether thefe overtures were not made on fome other defign, but to get time to be informed of your Majefty's pleafure. The faid perfon continually preffed me to know whether thefe States might affure .themfelves of your Majefty's good-will to wards their prefervation, and confequently to affift them. My an fwers were flill referved, which the party perceiving, gave me to underftand, that France had made a ftrong party amongft themj and to make me fee it plainly, offered to fhew me the commiflion of the French King, for negotiating the revolution, invited me to a place in the country where I fhould meet with perfons of quality, who would fhew me the faid commiflion, and affure me of the aforefaid refolutions. He told me the commiffibn bore thefe words, c< Nous authorifons le porteur de la prefente pour donner telles af- ,c feurances a nos chers et bien aymes amis et voifins les eftats du " pays bas, que feront neceffaires pour leur feufete et prefervation;'' anct that the caufe he was fo earneft with me was, the different difpofitions amongft them, which, befides the contradidions ' and differences of minds, might at length breed a jealoufy and diftruft one of another, and fo overthrow the bufinefs ; concluding that they feared to fall under France, and would labour as much as they could to prevent it. I conceived this bufinefs to be of dangerous cbnfequence ; for by *eafon of divifion that might fall amongft them, it would be hard keeping ."STATE PAPERS. ' 61 keeping t>f the fecret ; but that it was alfo requifite your Majefty charles fhould not be excluded from this alliance to counter- pace France ; 1632. wherefore I have been watchful that nothing might efcape my know ledge of what was plotting amongft them, both concerning that bufinefs and the truce, of which two. points I fhairmake an ample relation in this letter, and do hope your Majefty will approve this courfe I take, confidering this relidence is different from thofe of France, Venice, Savoy, Holland, and fuch like ; by reafon of their common interefts, it is eafy to difcover what is in agitation amongft them ; but the prefent conjundure of affairs in thefe parts, being quite contrary to thofe of the reft of Chriftendom, makes that they are here diftruftful of every one, even of many amongft themfelves ; fo that, without a plaufible pretext, it were hard to walk in this la byrinth. For the firft part, my anfwer to the perfon (upon the point of fhewing me the French King's authorization) was, that I could hardly have conceived the bufinefs was come fo far ; and wondered to fee they were fo nigh to a new fubjedion ; and fhould have for gotten the troublefome pradices of a Duke d'Anjou. Yet fince it were fo, they were in as ill a cafe as if conquered by the Hollanders, who offer liberty of religion: That although I had no power from your Majefty to offer what they might exped from England; yet, upon affurance of their refolution to be fuch as was declared, I could affure them of fo ftrong a fupport as they fhould not need to lofe themfelves willingly : That as for the ftrong motion the French affeded party doth caufe in their body of States, fince they could not be fevered, it were expedient to Counterbalance it by England. Hereupon it was refolved that I fhould fpeak with fome perfons of quality ; but the place being remote, I took fome days to refolve, and furnifh me with a fufficient pretext, which happened very for tunately as followeth. Your %% STATE PAPERS. CHARLES Your Majefty may pleafe to know that the Abbate d'Efcaglia * hath 1632. often difcourfed. with, me of the King of Spain's inclination to re- "~~ ftore the Palatinate, and that there was means for to accommodate' the point of the eledoral dignity, in cafe your Majefty could pre vail for a truce, which the King of Spain will have at any price foeyer. The Abbate d'Efcaglia was confident your Majefty might procure it, the more Sir Peter Rubens did affure the Prince of Orange, and divers of the chief towns were inclined for truce. The " Abbate continuing in this difcourfe, witneffed to refent the ingratitude pf the Hollanders, if, after fo many affiftances from England, they fhould refufe to hearken to a treaty by your Majefty's mediation, which your Majefty might, with great advantages of your allies, the truce being made by your Majefty; and therefore the Taid Abbate d'Efcaglia wifhed I had fome correfpondent with the Prince of Orange and the States, that, as of myfelf, I might make them fenfible, what glory it would; be to them to make the truce by Via regia. I made ufe pf this difcourfe for to frame me a pretext, though his difcourfe in itfelf feemed full of craft, jealoufy, and ambition ; •craft, in that, may be, the fuccefs of Sir Peter Ruben's negociation may be doubtful, and therefore thefe would have two firings -to their bow ; jealoufy, in that Sir Peter Rubens had procured power to treat, the Duke of Newburgh, and fome . of the principal ones here, excluded ; ambition, for that the Abbate d'Efcaglia (the truce thus procured) would carry the glory. I anfwered, that I had in telligence with an .ancient friend refiding for the States at Liege, and that I would not flick to go thither myfelf, provided it were kept fecret; The Abbate faftened on this hook, and believing I would undertake this journey for to perfuade my friend to deal with the Prince bf Orange, that this treaty might be by Via regia, difcovered unto me, from point to point, the negotiation of Sir Peter Rubens, * A very intriguing Minifter from Savoy, what STATE PAPERS.' 63 what towns ftood for truce ; and finally, that the bufinefs was now charles in the. States hands. So that the faid Abbate, after this freecommu- 1632. nication, with knowledge of the Infanta (under great feerecy) pro cured me a fafe condud, which ferved to a double benefit ; for by this means there will be nothing done in the truce without your Majefty's knowledge ; and I have fpoken (wkhout fufpicion) to the perfons (two of their names in this indofed paper) and have feen the French King's commiflion. The perfons declared unto me the conftancy of their refolution» that their defigns were not only to efchew the French fubjedion j but that the revolution fhould be by the whole body, and not of particular members, left they might incur the cenfure of rebels* Their aim is, that, through the fupport of England arid France, they might live as Free Catholic States, and, by virtue of that quality* treat a peace with the States of Holland, excluding the Spaniards for ever from this part of Chriftendom. So that after I had feen the commiflion of the French King, I thought fitting to fhew that from your Majefty, for to confirm them in the affurance of a ftrong, affiftance, which was able to counterbalance France. I reprefented unto them the affedion, equity, and generofityof your Majefty, which moved your Majefty to this charitable offer of affitV ance for their prefervation ; and for to draw them out of the preci pice wherein they were plunged. By this means your Majefty could not be devanced by France, nor fruftrated of fo confiderable an alliance, having procured to themfelves the pretended liberty; to which end they procured the hand- writing of the Prince of Orange and the States, wherein was promifed, that whenfoever thefe fhould affume unto them trfe qualities of States, thofe of Holland did oblige themfelves to treat with them, in cafe thefe States had no army; that the States forces under the Prince of Orange fhould fupport them,, and caufe the plaufible pretext for the Revolution, feeming con- ftrained to an alliance with Holland, for the prefervation of the «3ta 66 ' STATE PAPERS. « charles nefs, thbught it my duty to make this declaration; to the end my 1632. adibns may appear conformable to his Majefty's pleafure. Upon which considerations I muft humbly befeech your Majefty; that I may know your royal pleafure by an exprefs ; for I doubt not but I fhall have occafion to return him fpeedily. , ? I touched in my difpatch 3- 13th Odober, that the bufinefs, fpraf- much as concerneth his Majefty's intereft in alliance, did require to- be watchful of the further proceeding, although the party of the Brabant States (which before did fo defperately incline towards France) was fo overcome, that his Majefty could not fail to have as much fhare in the alliance with them as France, if not more. And whereas I had touched', in my difpatch to his Majefty of the 20- 1 8th Odbber, ofthe fudden fears the States of Brabant had con ceived, from a rumour fpread, that his Majefty had fent to Spain, 'offers of a potent affiftance, and alfo to the Infanta ; the States pre tended juft-caufe of apprehenfion, having trufted their defign to his Majefty. Their defire was, his Majefty would cbndefcend to a com fortable meffage to be made to their whole body, that fo they might be affured of his Majefty's intentions; and becaufe the King of Spain fhduld have no juft caufe to miftake the faid meffage, they defired it might be in the fenfe following ? That his Majefty was fenfible of the troubles of thefe provinces, which his Majefty did behold with an eye of tendernefs and amity, fixed on the good correfpondence of his dear brother the King of Spain ; and that, not bnly by the example of his anceftors, but by a particular inclination to the confervation of good neighbourhood, his Majefty was moved to let them underftand his good inclinations to contribute to their comfort, reft, and tranquillity. The States of Brabant fide defired this meffage as aforefaid, to rec tify the opinions of thofe of their body, which were poffeffed with fears that his Majefty intended to give a powerful affiftance to Spain, whereby thefe provinces would remain Jbde* belli. That thedepu- * ties STATE PAPERS. 67 ties at the Hague, poffeft with thefe fears, fhould not be viplented CHARLES to enter into fome fecret accord with the States of Holland, to join *632. themfelves as members of one hpdy ; unto which the clergy and nobility of the Brabant fide could not refolve, without an apparent datiger of ever to be loft. Thefe fears were removed, as ip my difpatch of the 1 1-2 ift November to his Majefty appeared; and although his Majefty„did not judge the meffage fit until thefe faid States fhould appear to be in condition, which might take away ajl jealoufy, the faid States, as touched in my difpatch pf the 4th De cember to his Majefiy, were well fatisfied with the faid fecret an fwer, efteeming his M^fly's prudence, and royal generous mind, on which they. would truft, and approved his Majefty's. fettled refb- lution, whereuntp they wpujd correfpprid. in putting on the quality whereby their alliance would be ad vantegepusjp their neighbours; fo that there remained, for my part, but to be a watchful cqntinel on the proceedings, and at the inftant of thejr declaration and. condition of Free States, to offer them his Majefty's alliance, not to be pre- ceded by Prance, if poffible might be. I touched, in my difpatch. of the ,27-1 7th December to his Ma jefty, that fince the aforefaid difpatch of the 4th of December there .appeared nothing in my letters concerning the revolution of thefe .Spates j which was to be attributed to the great alterations in Ger many, caufes that the States of Brabant fide were incapable of any other thoughts than thofe concerning the truce, their only refuge and fafe-gjiard. I touched, in my difpatch of the 8th of January 1633-2 to his Majefty, what followeth : The main and moft confident correfpondent being in the country, M the caufe I fhall not fay much for this time, only add to what I touch in my public difpatch. Thefe States have refolved not to fuffer themfelves to be diffolved. They will take for pretext, that K 2 their 68 STATE PAPERS. charles their affembly is neceffary for the prefervation ofthe State; their 1632. treaty of truce taking no effed. •' " ' Thefe States have drawn little comfort from the bonfires lately made for the overthrow (as they fay) ofthe King of Sweden's army; taking the faid bonfires only as a fhew, whereby the Spaniards amufe the common people ; not that the ftate of affairs be for them the better for it ; and therefore remain poffeft with a panic fear, not knowing to have a fafe refuge (in cafe the truce were not made, arid that the Hollanders take the firft of ~ the fpring to attempt fome new enterprize) unlefs to depute into England and France in the quality of States, and fo demand fuccours of men and commanders, then to make an army of themfelves, reduce the fame under one commander, which may ferve for a defence againft all invafions ; which defign will require more help than confultations, for if they fpend time in it, they may be furprifed fooner than they or their friends may imagine, &c. ):i ' ' I touched, in my difpatch of the i£th of January to his Majefty, what followeth : - " May it pleafe your Majefty, Thefe States have again firmly concluded to declare themfelves ' in cafe of neceffity, that, the deputies returning without a truce, the firft adion fhall be to publifh a manifeft. The fecond, that every one of his own motion fhall lay down his offices received from the * King, of Spain, and remain nobles and States. God be thanked, as hitherto I have not been negligent in the leaft, I believe not to have been deceived, neither promife. to myfelf of the bufinefs any thing,. but that your Majefty may fee good effeds thereof, if the fadion* among the Hollanders, and particular defigns. of the Prince of Orange do not hinder them ; for certain appeareth a great fadioa for truce amongft the Hollanders, which, party the Prince of Orange doth feem by all induftry to fupport, who could not as yet be brought %o contribute really to the revolution, having made himfelf to. feck STATE PAPERS, % feek when the neceffity was required, without which, thefe States charles will never refolve to declare themfelves. 1633. v. ~- * Itouched, in my difpatch of the 29th to his Majefty, what fol loweth: Your Majefty will underftand by my letters to the Right Honour able Secretary Coke, that the deputies are at length departed, and h'pw nigh thefe States are to fhake off the Spaniards ; it depending only upon the Hollanders for to ftand firm to their former articles* and oblige thefe to put in execution what the faid articles contain. From the firft minute I conceived your Majefty's intereft in this- bufinefs, and that your Majefty approved thereof, I have not been wanting in my duty; and now the. Hollanders may make me happy in the fuccefs, for it depends on them to ftand to the articles, and' not to yield to any modification. I touched, in my difpatch. of the 3,1ft of March to his Majefty> what followeth : Your Majefty will have feen in my feveral difpatches, what there? is concerning the bufinefs of thefe States ; the feafon advanceth, and! in cafe France and the Hollanders fhould contribute to the revolution. by their forces, fudden councils and revolutions would be required ;. wherefore it feems neceffary, in cafe your Majefty go for Scot land, that I were informed thoroughly of your Majefty's pleafure,. upon this point of the revolution. In my former difpatches appears.*, that thefe States had purpofed, in cafe the revolution were,, to demand; 6000 men of your Majefty ; and as many of France and Holland, fo • that in this time and moment, it will be requifite to know what promifes to make unto them, for to keep- them in difpofition to take Tachhdefigris as may be for your Majefty's intereftsj promifes will. be neceffary means in, this extremity ; for if France and Holland . fhould bend for the conqueft, it would be too late to prevent them,, ¦when they fhould be in adion, \0 t I touched,, •STATE PAPERS charles I touched, in my difpatch ef -the 9th n the point of their, declaration, to have neceffity for a pretext. It appeareth the Holland States have failed on this point; although by their laft letter of the 3d of May, they make a fhew to like the revolution ; but the feafon being fo far advanced, their army in the field, the Maeze and ,Rhyne, and the paffages near, to be poffeffed on the one fide, and thofe of Germany by the French on the -other, the Catholic States do^ apprehend, if the Hollanders rejed a truce, that they aim at the conqueft, and. that the fhew they made to defire the revolution, was but a pretext to gain time, and • ¦put France to it to affift them powerfully ; and the Catholic State* are fo much the more jealous of it, having obferved that France and •Holland have ftill preffed them upon one point, to know what pro- VoL.IL ^ vince» 74 STATE PAPERS* charles vince, what town, or what Prince, would be for the revolution * J33. which feems to imply, that the defigns of Holland and Trance be J /~ "* to debauch the members, to conquer as much as they can of the body of thefe provinces. This is fo much apprehended by fuch of the Catholic States who are not French, Hollanders,, nor Spanifh; but look for comfort from England, as that I have been required to make this journey, to inform myfelf what his Majefty can or will do for the prefervation of the Catholic provinces, in cafe the Hoi- , landers do not accept the truce, and ftand with France for the con quer! ; which in all likelihood is as facile, as for the Hollanders to> accept a truce. . 1 conceived it to be my duty (his Majefty having condefcended to> my coming over), to reprefent again plainly to his Majefty, the eftate of thofe provinces being fuch, that in cafe the Hollanders do) not yield to an accord, but continue their wars affifted by France^ the faid Catholic provinces run hazard to.be. torn by the one, arid* rent by the other ; which his Majefty in his great wifdom knowethi would be prejudicial to his interefts. , > The reafons which caufe this belief of the future ruin- of the faid provinces, are grounded on the inabilities of the Spaniards to defend them any longer, and the diffatisfadion of the people* For the firft, the Spaniards and Italians are not above 6000 men, guided: by fuch as give no caufe to believe they are able to refift their ad- verfe party. The Walloons, who make 10,000 men, when it fhould5 come to the point, will not fight for Spain ; neither thofe provinces- will contribute* to the maintenance of the army, their flat denials- ferving'for proofs j and the commanders of the faid troops being- brothers, nephews, and creatures who wholly depend on the Princes* and States of the Catholic provinces ; they, and the popular towns- of Brabant and Flanders, will, at what price foever, have an end* of war; hi which confideration is the centre wherein muft be; reconciled all the reafons which might have obliged the Catholic. States> STATE PAPERS. 75 States long fince to exprefs themfelves ; their reafons being, they, charles could riot in corifcience, in honour, and with fafety, enter in any 1633. public or private negociation with foreign Princes., except the Hol landers and France did caufe the neceffity for their declaration ; which being of the whole body, would free the particular members of the ftain of rebellion. His Majefty -will have obferved in all my former letters, with what caution fuch as are affeded to Erigland have given me light of the refolutions, which I have known before they came to effed ; of which I have given account in all my difpatches. His Majefty alfo will have obferved by my feveral relations, that the faid body of Catholic States confifts of members, in which, as fome are yet Spanifh, either out of fear or hope ; fo fome are wholly affeded to France; and it hath been my labour and duty to en deavour, that his Majefty might get a part amongff the faid States, to counterbalance the French, who headlong, by their defpair, did run into the protedidh of France. His Majefty will alfo have obferved out of my former relations, that the Catholic States were jealous of fome of their members of States^ principally of thofe of Flanders, and fome of Brabant, fufpeding they might incline to join themfelves with the Hol landers; for proof whereof, his Majefty will be pleafed to recal to mind, that when the deputies of the Catholic States were fent to Maeftricht, although their inftrudions were to demand a truce, as fubjeds of the King of Spain, having made choice of the Baron of Swartzenbough, and the penfioner of Namure, both men, for their birth and inclination, not to be gained by the Hollanders; yet, -in confideration the third deputy was the pen fioner of Antwerp, a town much affeded to the Hollanders by reafon of hopes for traffic, the Catholic States imparted nothing to them of their fecret defign to move the Hollanders to caufe to the faid Catholic States, by arms, the neceffity for their declaration. La Ta 76 S T A T E P A P E R S. charles To the contrary, they Inftruded the faid commiffioners to demand a 1633. ceffationof arms for fifteen days ; and underhand required from the ~~v Prince of Orange, none fhould be granted, fix at the moft ; and with this categoric anfwer, that the Holland States would under ftand to no truce, except the Cathplic States declared themfelves free; all this on the Catholic States' defign to free themfelves of war. On which point, of, declaration, the Holland States and the Prince of Orange, fince their firft printed declaration, have not preffed the faid Catholic States ; to the contrary, have endeavoured to draw the Catholic States in a treaty ; made them hope a modifica tion of the articles projeded at Maeftricht ; did draw the deputies to the Hague, where, although new articles, advantageous to the Hplr- landers, were propounded, yet did not the Hollanders prefs that the Spaniards fhould wholly quit the ftrong places, neither that the ~ Catholic States fhould declare themfelves free; demanded the con trary,, that the Catholic' States fhould be fufficiently authorized by. the King of Spain to treat with them ; all which, might well draw the treaty at length, but not caufe.'a neceffity in the Cavtholip States to declare themfelves free. Which confidered, the Cathplic States- became referved one to another, and fofar from trufting their de fign, that fuch a one of them who had the greateft inclination to, fhelter under a potent neighbour, did fpeak but in general terms, and in the General Affembly did give his voice ; as they all often concluded, and as appeareth- in my relations, that npthing could* oblige them in confidence and in honour to fhake off the Spaniards, but neceffity ; and therefore had appointed the Abbot of the Pare, and of Ypres, for the Spanifh journey, to let that King underftand what they fhould be forced to refolve unto, for prefervation of their religion and liberty; in cafe the Hollanders and France fhould bend, for the conqueft. All which, well confidered, the Hollanders not ignorant of it, this argument feemeth infallible, that either the faid Hollanders pretend to accept a truce, in cafe they ban have it at wil^ STATE PAPER'S. 77 will, or bend for a conqueft, if they can compafs it by their own CHARLES 'forces, in cafe the hopes of affiftance from France fhould fail them. 1633. Thus, having touched fome particulars which feemed neceffary to recoiled, that his Majefty might the clearer fee the eftate of the bu finefs, and the .grounds whereon the faid Catholic States have pro ceeded ; the main point is, to return to what is neceffary the Ca-. tholic States affedioned to England fhould be affured of; which is* \ of what his Majefty can and will do, for the prefervation of the Catholic provinces, in cafe the Hollanders and the French bend for the conqueft. For although from that time I had his Majefty's inftrudions, con taining thefe words, " And do hereby authorize you to promife them in my name, protedion againft any body but the King of Spain ; and to defend them from him and all the world elfe from injury;" I have laboured to make a party for his. Majefty, to counterpoife the French, made fuch confident of the Catholic States, fenfible of his Majefty's power and good will, on which they do rely ; yet do they prefs to know in fecret, by what poffible means they can be affifted ; andi if his Majefty wjl! be difpofed to the faid affiftance, at the inftant when neceffity fhould require it ; and on this they infift the more they are uncertain of the defign of Holland and France ; for as they, cpnceive, they may at this laft journey of their deputies fee the end of war, fo the beginning of great evils, which to pre vent, fp§edy help, and. counfels will be requifite; which caufed them to, move fome expedient, which his Majefty might make ufe of for to affift them, in cafe his Majefty made any 'difficulty in regard of the King of Spain. So, that as the firft expedient, by them thought on, for fending troops towards the Palatinate, paffing by Holland under an Englifh commander, might ferve to watch on the frontiers, on the time of the declaration of the Catholic States, then to ftand for them againft Holland and France ; fo, the - fecond expedient, if his Majefty thought 78 STATE PAPIRS, CHARLES thought fir, to offer affiftance to Spain, confidering the weak eftate 1633. of the Catholic provinces, which to defend from France and Hol land, the faid troops might ferve. . On this, I take it to be my duty to reprefent again unto his Majefty, although his journey for Scotland will, perhaps, fuffer no time for long confultations, lefs to put on foot the means required for affiftance, if the deputies return without a" truce ; yet that his Majefty's offers of affiftance may be feafonable and of great effed, if they may be fuddenly communicated to the parties, and that they may be fatisfied of the likelihood of them, fince they queftion whe ther his Majefty would make no difficulty to affift them in regard of the King of Spain. For -although fuch ofthe Catholic States affeded towards England' have not declared what fecurity they can give to his Majefty for his troops, if any fhould enter into Flanders, nor can exprefs them" felves on that particular point, before the whole body of Catholic States have declared themfelves, at which time they intend to depute ' in England and France; yet might his Majefty's offers and demon- ftrations of likelihood of affiftance, ferve to preferve the party ; which otherwife, defpairing of affiftance from England, will run hazard to join itfelf with the French, to which their religion- might give them caufe. His Majefty in his great wifdom knoweth alfo what other advantages the faid offers or expedients may produce. For, as the Spaniards, in hope of affiftance, may put by the negociation of truce, which, for certain, the Conde Duca * would do in hope of fome other way,'fo the Hollanders may put by the conqueft, ® 'Gerbier. * Of Olivares, STATE PAPER 8L 79 Copy of his Majefiy s Letter, which he wrote to Mr. Ger bier, Agent at Brujfels, all with his own Hand) and was fent prefently by an Exprefs. Gerbier, OUR letters of the ,4-1 4th of this month were delivered me the 1 7-2 7th- Wherein I find as much important bufinefs as you made me exped, when you defired leave of me to come over. The bufinefs is fo great, that even to manage it, I am forced to truft fome; yet fince fecrecy is efpecially neceflary to it, I have thoughE fit only to truft Secretary Coke with if. Now, as for your direc tion what to do in this, the firft confideration is, that fince I am in friendfhip with the King of Spain, it is againft both honour and? confcience to give him juft caufe of quarrel againft me, I being not firft provoked by him ; and a jufter he cannot have, than debauch ing of his fubjedsfrom their allegiance. But fince I fee a likelihood (almoft a neceffity) that his Flanders fubjeds muft fall into fome other King's or States' protedion, and that I am offered, without the leaft intimation of mine, to have a fhare therein ; the fecond*. confideration isf that it were a great imprudence in me to let flip this occafion, whereby I may both advantage myfelf, and hinder the overflowing greatnefs of my neighbours ; fo that my refolution muft depend upon the agreement of thefe two confiderations, which without much difficulty is, That it is neither againft honour nor confcience to* take the protedion of thefe people into my hands, that fly to me without my feeking ; they being forced elfe to feek to fome other King or State for it; audit is fo far from giving juft caufe of quarrel to the King of Spain, that he fhould rather thank me for it; they being otherwife forced to fall into his enemies or his rebels hands ; therefore, upon great confideration, I have fent * . , you' CHARLES I. 1632. STATE PAPERS. 0.0 . .. ™;a thefe difiruifed perfons; and do hereby charles TOu powers to treaj: with thele auguueu P , l6« luthorife you to promife them, in my name;- protedron againft any ^2^ 'Ejtat the Kin'g of Spain, and to defend them from him and all the- world elfe from injuries. Uftly, to affure them of exad fecrecy, that none fhall know of the motion, in cafe we cannot agree upon conditions; but what thofe fhall be, I leave to your hammering, .unlefs with this caution, to conclude nothing, but ad referendum to .me. So farewel, FromBeauleu, CHARLES, R. this 21ft of Auguft, 1.632. Secretary Coke to Mr. Gerbier. •Sir, RECEIVED this morning yours of the 21ft- nth of Auguft, and have' delivered the inclofed to his Majefty. We exped the particular lift you mention ofthe battle at Maeftricht, and what was the confequence ; becaufe, as yet, we hear nothing thereof (but by .general rumour) from Holland, or other parts. Concerning the great bufinefs wherewith you acquainted his Ma jefty, in your former letters, Lnow fend you fuch a commiflion under his hand and feal, as for the time may be expeded, and the fecrecy not now permitting other formality, which may hereafter be had to give full contentment. For your inftru6tions I fhall need to fay ¦ no more than what is contained in his Majefty's own letter, written ¦ all with'his own hand, and here inclofed with the commiffion. The inftrudions will be made more particular and full, when the parties difcover themfelves, and when you fend word what they offer, and what they do require. Return by this meffenger what farther light you can; for the bufinefe requireth expedition if Maeftricht be X taken, STATE PAPERS. 81 taken, as by the fuccefs of Papenheim's defeat we conceive It Is, charles and thereupon other matters, in probability, will fall out, upon 1632. which you muft carry a very watchful eye ; and with the fame care and diligence you have hitherto ufed, advertife as foon as may be. Specially if, upon the ill fuccefs of their affairs, there follow any notable diforder in the Archdutchefs's countries, and thereupon you difcover any preparation or intention in Queen-mother to remove*, you muft, according to your former commiffion, ufe all means to divert her, &c. Secretary Coke to Mr. Gerbier* Sir, YOUR late proceedings related in your letter of the n-2ift September, are well approved by our gracious mafter ; who Sept. zlt.. requireth you' to continue your negociations with the fame parties, that the intended revolution may not be difpofed to ferve the turns of others, with his prejudice and negled, which muft not be en dured. And confidering thefe new Catholic States find it neceffary to have a dependence and protedion from their neighbours, you muft labour what you can with thefe men, and fuch other confider able perfons with whom you may get confidence, to redify their judgments in the choice, and to make them apprehend their cori- jundion with us to be more advantageous, and lefs prejudicial than ' with any other. You may put them in mind, how in the time of Queen Elizabeth, the French King refufed to undertake the caufe of the Low Countries, becaufe of the offence his neighbours would take at it. Befides,' their adhering to that crown, confidering their pretehfibns and power, would prove no freedom, but an. abfolute fubjeclion in ihe end. On the other fide, the States General and * Prom Bruflels ; .probably with a view to England. Vol. II, M Prince g^ STATE PAPERS. charles prince of Orange will hot be able to fettle them in" that peace and ,63*; freedom which they, defire, when both the Spanifh, French, and others fhall oppofe it. If rerriaineth then that England is their fureft refuge, which will beft agree bbth with their ecclefiaftical arid tem poral eftates ; both which you mnft endeavour to perfuade to be of the fame mind ; for their churchmen ybu fay are the moft adive in this change ; and if it had hot been for the fcandal of religion, would have expreffed themfelves for a treaty with England, before others ; but you tell us not who made this objedion, and it feemeth ftrange you faid nothing to reform their mifprifion. For England, inre- fped of religion, is far more proper for them to join withal, than the United Provinces can be; for howfoever of late they have given their neighbours fpecious freedom of the' catholic religion, yet they have referved in every town a free church for their profeffion ; and what diftradion their continued intercourfe,. with fuch a mixture, would breed may eafily be conceived. Whereas n© fuch effed can be feared from the Englifh, who, as they enjoy sit home, their honours, free doms, and eftates without difference,, fo much lefs will trouble or reftrain men's confciences abroad ; nor are fo incorporate by language, or by general refortto that nation, that they can.be capable to make' any change. But, which is more confiderable, churchmen amongft the States, have no part in the government or in the laws; neither do their elders comport with our hierarchy of archbifhops, bifhops,, deans, canons, and parifh -curates. And which doth yet abafe' them more, they there .poffefs neither glebe-lands nor tythes, nor other liable revenues, but depend altogether upon voluntary contributions, which will bring their rich clergy in fhort time to a very mean and poor eftate. Thefe differences you muft infufe into the minds of their ecclefiaftics, who are not fo -mortified that they will not take their own interefts to heart, and prefer an alliance in refped there of. For the nobility and gentry, you may declare at large, on all occafions, how much better it will be for them tb adhere to a potent STATE PAPERS:. 83 King than to a popular and fadibus State. Amongft thofe boors, Charles where all are equal, and capable of the higheft places, their honours tf}*- and degrees can have no pre-eminence, hut be fubjed to the affronts of the bafer fort, without civility or refped, which noble minds can not endure. But from a great King they may not only be affured to be preferved in their honours and eftates, but may alfo hope for prefer ments and employments, according to their worth and birth. And becaufe the nobility and gentry have greateft intereft in the defence of their country for the military part, you may fet before therh the extent of his Majefty's three kingdoms, and the numbers of martial people bcfendeth into all countries, and which have long borne the brunt in all fervices, and without whom thofe States, whofe aid they now feek, will not be able to preferve them. And for his Majefty's navy, it is doubtlefs -the moft potent for defence, xrffence, or diver- fion,sof any in the Chriftian world. To come to the merchant part, you are in like manner to infufe, by fuch as have credit in the chief towns, what profit they may get by drawing in our trade. How Antwerp by it was raifed in fhort time from a village, to the moft famous emporium of Europe; and how Bruges, Ghent, and Ypres had their ancient wealth from thence; and iiQw„pur commerce will bring thither, not only our cloth and our fluffs, and other ftaple commodities ; but all they fetch frpm the I,ndies, and other parts .of the world, whether our trade is now enlarged. But, if they caft •themfelves upon the Holland fcales, they will enable them to engrofs their trade and wealth.- Like offices you .may do ampngft the fol diers, who, when once the peace is made, will find but cold enter tainment in Holland, except the King our mafter Jhall lay to his hand. Ypur own judgment and knowledge of the people, will in- ftrud ypu how to amplify all thefe confiderations, at lejaft to get.a •party for this crown. But becaufe the Spaniards are not yet ex cluded, by the fovereignty and the arms remaining in their, hands, you muft not, by a total adhering to the fadion of the new States, M 2 either 8^ STATE PAPE R S. CHARLES either cry down their authority, or negled their interefts, who may ,632. well be able to do that there for us which they cannot for them felves. And when they perceive that they muft quit their hold, will probably incline rather to depofite their right in our hands, chiefly the fea-towns, than to fuffer their rebels, or their oppofites to carry them by force... In; this your dexterity muft be employed, rather in drawing on overtures from themfelves, than in offering propositions. What you can work in this, or the reft, advertife from time to time; and be affured, your endeavours are gracioufly accepted by our Mafter, and that orders will be taken for. your allowances, whereof I am commanded to, put the Lord Treafurer in mind, which I will not fail to do. And. fo remain Your affured friend to do you fervice, Hampton-Court, JOHN CoKE.C 34th September, 1632. Secretary Cok& to Mr. Gerbier. oaokr6. — — "DUT that which moft importeth, is, to obferve carefully the refolutions and proceedings, both of the States there af fembled, and alfo of the Spaniards. For both, we have fent you particular diradions, by letters by Mr. Taylor. But here we learn by the minifters and friends of the Hollanders, that their treaty with thofe provinces, will be grounded firft upon the pacification of Ghent ; and fecondly, upon the ftrider alliance made afterwards at Utrecht ; both tending to incorporate again the feventeen provinces into one body, under one kind of government, and one governor alfo (as may properly be fuppofed}. And STATEPAPERS. 8$ And whether this, in the end, may not prove as inconvenient to charles the States themfelves, of the one fide or the other, is confiderable for 1632. them both; and by you may be reprefented as occafion fhall be fitly offered. For, if by this union, that Governor (ftrengthening him felf with the interefts of France, or joining with thofe two Counts of Berge and Egmond, who, as you write, have already received not only the badges of that alliance, but the command of their forces) fhall make himfelf by degrees as abfolute, as the Dukes of Burgundy were in former times; how ca'n it be avoided, that all thofe pro vinces fhall return to their ancient fubjedion, and to ftand with France in the fame terms they then did -? It will therefore much import the freedom of thofe States, as formerly I have obferved, not to range themfelves under the Prince of Orange, as the other States have done; but have a commander of their own body, if fuch a one may be found, to keep their balance even. If this be not obtained, you may affure yourfelf, they fhall all come under the Prince of Orange as a conquered people, and receive fuch conditions as Maef tricht and Limbourg have fubmitted unto. And as they now ftand diftraded, it will not be .poffible for them to efcape this growing power over themj without the affiftance of a potent Prince fpeedily to be called in, before all the forces of Spain be caft out. If the Spaniards themfelves offered, as you fay, that at a pinch they would put their maritime towns into the hands of a neighbour ; they are fure enough to be put to that pinch ; but If they come not to a fpeedy ' refolution, it will be too late. It is written that the deputies have treated upon general propositions, but withal, that Count Henry hath a government allotted him. This, you take no notice of, and it will be neceffary to know it, and how far it doth extend. You fay the- revolution is, " quilfauteftreefats Cathdiques pour deme-urer *l efgalement entre VAngleterre & France ;" but you leave out the- main point of " eflre Hires'" which if they obtain not, by being; alfo free from the fubjedion of Holland, they will find themfelves. deceluedi g6 STATE PAPERS, charles deceived and overreached by thofe they rely upon. The offer of 1632. inland provinces mentioned by the Abbe l'Efcaglia, is not otherwife ' — "^ ' -confiderable, than that, fhewing an inclination to depofit fomething in our hands, they muft needs at length conceive, that neither they nor we can reap benefit of any fuch depofitation without the power of fea towns where to plant our forces. The places he nameth, are thofe, we hear, which are to be refigned to Count Henry Vanden- bergh. For the two articles or conditions upon which, you fay, a treaty will be accorded*; the firft, to remain under the Spanifh obedience, and yet to make a league offenfive and defenfive in effed againft them, includes a contradiction ; & envers tons, &> contre tons, is not only againft them, but France, England, arid the empire; which none of them, without much patience, can endure, without a like league to be made againft them. The fecond article, to put out all the Spaniards, and raze all their citadels, will be a work of time. And though the Spanifh Minifters, font fetnblant de ploi&r a taut, as underftanding the offenfive to be only in cafe they. fhall break the truce of peace ; yet even that will leave their fovereignty a fhadbw, and no fubftance, wherewith it feemeth they will con tent themfelves, rather than feek help from any other friend. What the iffue of this treaty in a neutral place may be, you will obferve and advertife. And if thefe new eftates will fuffer themfelves to be fo much overruled, as not to declare themfelves Catholiques <& libres, nor to rely at all upon the affiftance or alliance of any King, or other State, fave the States General and the Prince, their cafe is deplorable, and they are made an abfolute conqueft, and will refent it too late. I have enlarged upon my own fenfe in this dif courfe, that your meffenger may bring you fomething, and return with fpeed unto you. So expeding daily to hear from you, I remain Your affured friend and fervant, 6thofOaober, 1632, ourftile. JoHN COKE. * With the States, a different fcheme from the private treaty with England forproteftion. S T A T E P A P E R S. 87 Secretary Coke to Mr. Gerbier. CHARLES I. 1632. Sir, \7 O U R Secretary will tell ypu how gracioufly his Majefty hath 3°* given him accefs ; and for the jealoufy you mention in your letter, to be conceived by thofe States, as if Taylor's negociation were a treaty againft them ; you might have removed it by telling the true caufe of his employment ; which was, as I writ unto ybu, a refpedful meffage concerning the Palatinate ; which the Infanta, at his return from Vienna, did commit to his truft ; whereupon a treaty againft them in any kind could not credibly be colleded. For, if that had been intended, the Spanifh Refident Nieolaldy, and the Infanta's agent here, had. been the proper Minifters to have treated with. Befides, the commiffion and inftrudions given to you, to treat for protedion of thofe States, even againft Spain, if need re quired, difproveth fufficiently that contradidion ; and is befides,. in a degree, that declaration they now require ; efpecially if you inform them further (what you underftood by my laft letters) that his Majefty hath given order to his agent on the other fide, to declare to the States General, to the Prince of Orange, and to their deputies at Maeftricht, and in the like manner to their own deputies- attending that affembly, that his Majefty requireth to have a part ki that treaty ; which is in effed as public a declaration as yet they can reafonably defire. For, to proceed farther by any publication? which might caufe a breach with Spain, and offend other neigh bours, before any treaty be on foot or refolved, is not counfejlable-. for a Prince that governeth his adions by wife and fit refpedsv But let them once ground, either by fending order to their deputies at. the affembly, to make his Majefty of Great Britain a party to the treaty there, or elfe appoint deputies to treat elfewhere with him* '¦¦ Z . apart p oa. 8S STATEPAPERS. CHARLES apart; and they fhall then fee, that no offence fhall withhold him 1632. from public treating and undertaking their protedion, fo as they. may be freed from that fubjedion and dependence upon unequal terms, which may be unworthy of them, and in the end will breed offence ; as by former inftrudions you are direded to let them know. For Mr. Taylor, his Majefty believeth, his adions and car riage will clear all fufpicion of his underhand dealing to indired ends. And you alfo will concur to flop impertinent apprehenfi- ons ; and to advance his Majefty's fervice with unanimous endea vours, to which our duties bind us all. If the refolution be taken, as your Secretary hath intimated, to deliver Frankendale into his Majefty's hands, you fhall do well not only to encourage it, but to draw it to effed. The goed acceptance of your travail in that, and in the reft, may animate you to proceed; and be affured your affign- ments will be carefully called upon ; fo I remain Your affured friend to do you fervice, Theobald's, , T n 30th of Oftober, 1632. J* {^> ,15 th May, *63.3- May it pleafe his Majefiy to confider the heads following ; Imprimis, JJIS Majefty will conceive (the Hollanders refufing the truce) that either they tend to the revolution or the conoueft. or the conqueft a. It may be fuppofed, hi. Majefty conceives the revolution to be revlL ^^ °" '""^ "" Maj<% havi"S n0 Pa" in the 3- Ceruin it is his Majefty will allow, that of the conqneft, truce, and revolution; the evolution i, the Ieaft evil of the three! and STATE PAPERS. S9- and that the revolution may be advantageous to his Majefty, having charles part therein. 1633. 4. Certain it is, his Majefty will allow it to be neceffary to hinder the truce and the conqueft. 5". The truce may be put by feveral ways, either affifting the Spaniards, or to negociate fo, that both Holland and France believe this Majefty will contribute to the revolution, under which pretext, Holland and France, as may be fuppofed, aim at the conqueft. 6. The conqueft by Holland and France, muft be prevented with forces of a third party, to counterbalance them both. 7. The conqueft. may be as fudden as the revolution or truce. 8. It is then neceffary his Majefty refolve, how, when, and where, troops may be fent to make the counterbalance between Holland and France ; for though it may be conceived the Spaniards will de fend themfelves till the laft town ; yet, that whenfoever Holland and France fhould have divided the beft lot, it would be too late for his Majefty to offer his affiftance. It may be conceived his Majefty efteems the revolution as ill as the conqueft, having no part in the faid revolution. That it would be neceffary to have a place of retreat fecure for his troops ; which the Catholic States themfelves ought to defire for their own fecurity. It feemeth, thefe two points will be fatisfied ; in the firft, that the doubt of having no part in the revolution, is removed of itfelf J fince the faid States cannot, without a third party, be fecured from the Hollanders and French ; for if it be fuppofed that, either by the revolution or conqueft, they will become one province with the Hol landers, where are many religions, it is infallible that France can nor will not fuffer the Catholic provinces to become one body with the HoUasiders ; what would the iffue be, but that France will enlarge his bounds, to the prejudice of England. To the fecond, for place of retreat, it feems needlefs to doubt of that, which will be of itfelf, if only a pretext can be found to get Vol. IL N troops, go STATE PAPERS. CHARLES troops, under an Englifh commander, in or" about the faid Catholic 1633. provinces ; for the Catholic States, on the point of the revolution,, muft neceffarily caufe towns to ftand for them, which muft be maintained by troops, be they French'or Englifh. - The. main to refolve on is, the expedient to get troops in or about the faid Catholic provinces, who, in the point of declaration,., or danger to be conquered, may make a powerful counterbalance,.* with the troops ofthe country, to refift the. conqueft of Holland, and. f ranee. Mr. Gerbier to Secretary Coke. B4-24 June. Right honourable, A T my return from Stanford to London, where I was to flay- for his Majefty's inftrudions in writing, I advertifed my cor* refpondent with the Catholic States, that I was- upon my return*. and that in the interim he might affure thofe of the Catholic States which are affedioned to England^ of the continuance of his Ma*»- jefty's difpofition for their future protedion; for which his Ma jefty was as willing as able ; and therefore the Catholic States needed-' not fear to be conquered by the Holland army or France ; although. the King of Spain fhould not be able any longer to defend them. I have, at my arrival at Bruffels, fully and plainly remonftrated to- my aforefaid correfpondent, in the terms of my inftrudions, his- Majefty's real intention concerning -the faid protedion of the Ca tholic States. The faid correfpondent refted well fatisfied, and approveth the pro- pofitionfor a place of furety to be as juft for his Majefty to ftarid upon,. as advantageous for the Catholic States ; fince they may well con ceive his Majefty (having fet forth on fure ground; will not forfake 7 ' them, STATE PAPERS. 91 ihem, be their adverfe party never fo ftrong. ; My faid correfpond- charles ent takes upon him to poffefs thofe of the Cathplic States affec- '633- -Ji tioned to England, with this opinion, and to communicate the fame unto thofe which are abfent. Affairs here, for the prefent, appear with this face, that as, from the beginning of interviews and parlies between Sir" Peter Rubens and his correfpondents on the Holland fide for to compafs a truce, the Spanifh Minifters thought fit to give way to the negociation ; fo, having caufe not to incline fo much to a parley between thefe States and thofe of Holland, the faid Spani ards (when the Catholic States were entered in conference with the Hollanders) kept a fecret correfpondency on foot with fome of the Holland fide ; either to crofs the negociation of the Catholic States, or to make ufe of the faid fecret correfpondence, when the Catholic States' negociation fhould fail, or prove contrary to their interefts. And fo thefe Spanifh Minifters, affedioned to truce, ftill make ufe of Van de Wouwere, one of the commiffioners of finances, who was joined with Sir Peter Rubens. This fame Van de Wouwere hath been thefe five weeks at Zevenbergh, under pretence of procuring a pafs from the Hollanders; which pafs, as he himfelf faith, he now at length hath obtained ; and this upon the inftant of the return of the Archbifhop of Mechlin, the Duke of Arfcot, and Baron Swartfenbourgh ; who had left in Holland four deputies to advertife them of a fit time to repair again to the Hollanders, who, as they think, ftrive to linger the treaty. Thefe fay, fome of the Hollanders told, that fince they had been at the charges of this campaign, it was fit they fhould reap the fruits of this fummer. The faid returned deputies fay to have ob ferved, that fome of the States on that fide have a great inclination to have an end of the wars, and that their people will have the truce. Wherefore the faid deputies fay to be of opinion (fince they find the inclinations on the other fide to be fuch) that it is fit they fhould put the beft face on the prefent condition, and rather offer the laft penny to contribute fo their own defence, than for want of N 3 fhew, }2 STATE PAPERS. harles .ffiew, fail to compafs the truce. On this confideration the affembly 1633. now doth meet. The Duke of Arfcot doth not ftick to fay^ that fome of the Hol land States have told him plainly, that they were as much troubled with the growing greatnefs of the houfe of Naffau, as thefe have care to be difcomforted for the King of Spain's prefent weaknefs, 01? .to be weary of fubjedion. The faid Duke of Arfcot faith, he made .good ufe of this fpeech, in acquaintaing the Prince of Orange with it; with defign to foment a jealoufy, and breed a fadion between the States and the faid Prince ; who, as it is conceived, aims at the government; for none bat his creatures, and thofe of his kindred, are governors of towns, and in eminent offices. The deputies of the Holland States, as thefe returned deputies fay, are gone to the Prince of Orange to give an account of the treaty. Mr. Gerbier to Secretary Coke. #. Received at Edinburgh, July ift, 1633, O. S. gINCE my laft of the 24th June, the Catholic States here have had feveral meetings; thofe which are zealous for Spain, perfift to contribute for the defence of the country the beft they may; which, as the Spanifh commanders fay, will run no great hazard this year. They attribute the lofs of Rheinberg, to the go vernor Dieftorff. He paffed with his troops at Antwerp the 27th of June laft; was there invited to dine with the governor of the citadel; and, for the laft courfe, ferved with a commiffion for his imprifon- ment. Herewith goeth a copy of what he is likely to produce in his defence. Asyet, cannot be faid, what refolutions thefe Eftates will take. My correfpondent tells me, that whenfpever they fhall find themfelves fo prefled,* / STATE PAPERS. 93 pre'ffed, as, for to fave their religion and liberty they muft declare CHARLES- themfelves, then one in their name fhall be fent to his Majefty. 1633. They will make their propofitions fo as his Majefty fhall run no hazard for any affiftance they fhall demand; and his Majefty, as they fay, will have caufe to truft them, as they are confident of his Majefty's difpofition, and prefent fecrecy. This is all they can fay for the prefent, being unable to judge of their cafe, till they fee what the Prince of Orange intends, and what the Spaniflv com manders can do *. Bruffek, ift of July, N. S. 1633. * The. negociation breaks oft" abruptly, King Charles could proceed no further with- and was not probably kept up much longer, out rifquing anabfolute breach' with them; as the Spanilh Court got fcent of it,, and 94 2 T A T E P A P E H <& CHARLES l63'7- No. IV. &0/^ Troubles, 1-637*4.1. [This feries of original documents relative to the diforders occar fioned by the Scotch Service-Book, the Editor confiders as one of the moft important parts of his .colledion. Thofe unfortunate troubles were the forerunners of our own, and were in their pro- grefs, if not in their rife, fomented by the Puritan party at home* and by our neighbours (particularly the French) abroad. The greateft part require no explanation to thofe who are at all converfant in the hiftory of that time. The Duke of Hamil ton has, in a very obliging manner, permitted the Editor to make i;ufe of fome papers from the valuable archives of that -noble family ; the remainder (except the Journal of the Council of Peers, for which we are indebted to the Harleian library) are tranfcribed from the Paper Office, where they lay difperfed in a number of ill-forted bundles. They fupply fome defeds which Lord Claren don, during his retreat at Jerfey, feems to have in vain called upon his correfpondents to fupply. The Minutes of Cabinet Councils, taken by Secretary Winde bank, the Journal of the Conferences near Berwick, and ofthe Xlouncil of Peers at York, will be found to throw confiderable light on that embroiled period. King Charles in perfon, and the .greateft men of the time, are the condudors In thofe important con futations, which were recorded at the very moment they paffed. The difpatches from Secretary Vane, whilft the King was in the ,-north in 1640, tohis colleague Windebank, are very material, with ^regard to the fads and anecdotes which they contain, and' fill up fome STAT 'E PAPERS. 9; 1 fome chafms In the beginning of the fecond volume of the Claren- charles don Papers. — Vane has been charged with betraying his mailer's 1637. councils, whilft he was in his fervice. That he was a bitter enemy to Strafford is certain, and from a very imprudent offence given him by the latter ; but the other point is not fo clear. He feems to have gone along with the humour of the Prince he ferved, and the court he lived in (fometimes, perhaps, againft his own opi nion) till the popular torrent became irrefiftible, and then he was perplexed and entangled with the confequences of meafures- he had not originally been the advifer of. His difgrace foon fol lowed ; but as his fon, the younger Vane, was a leader in the parliament councils, the father feems to have finifhed his life in quiet and obfcurity, though without the efteem of either party.] The Earl of Traquair * to the Marquis of Hamilton. October. i.o_;f-. HpHE King's pleafure expreffed in thofe two letters written by lg oaober, our new Secretary:):, came to Edinburgh on the 16th of this inftant. The Secretary's Letter to James Primrofe, was fo peremp tory for delivery thereof, at the next meeting of council, that not withftanding of my Lord Chancellor's [] abfence, we ' opened the fame, and accordingly gave obedience to every particular, and made proclamations thereupon, the double of all which I have fent to my Lord Roxburgh §, to be feen by your Lordfhip. The noblemen,- gentry, and commiffioners from prefbyteries and boroughs, feemed' to acquiefce herewith, and every man, in a very peaceable manner; tp give obedience to the tenour of the proclamations ; but the next day thereafter, the town of Edinburgh, or, as our new magiftrates * Treafurer of Scotland. Ipeaks of 'die tteiu tumult 'in. OQoher thereafter. - f The firft tumults were in July 1637. J Lord Stirling. The contents of this letter fix it to the fame || Archbifhop Spottifwood. year- Burnet (Hamilton Memoirs, p. 32.) § Privy. Seal. call- 96 STAT-E PAPERS. CHARLES ca]i ;.t) fae rafcally people of Edinburgh, (although the fitters, wives, 1637. children, and near kinfmen, were the fpecial adors) rofe in fuch a .barbarous manner, as the like has never been feen in this kingdom, fet upon the Bifhop of Galloway, and with great difficulty was he refcued into the large council- houfe. This beginning was fo con tinued, that before a courfe could be taken to feeure him, the Town council -houfe, where the magiftrates were fitting upon their own private affairs, was environed with huge numbers of all forts of people. But becaufe -the relation hereof will confume more time in reading than is fitting for me to trouble your Lordfhip with, I have fet it down likewife to the full to my Lord Roxburgh ; who will ihew it to your Lordfhip, if you fhall think it worthy to be looked upon. The reafon of their rifing and environing their own magi ftrates was, as they publickly.and confidently affirm, becaufe their magiftrates, both before this uproar and in the time of the pacification "thereof, had promifed to them that they fhould be the laft in all this kingdom fhould be urged with this book. But becaufe all this is .at length fet down in the information I have fent to my Lord Rox burgh, I will forbear to trouble your Lordfhip therewith any farther. My Lo-u. believe, thatthe delay in taking fome certain and refolved courfe in this bufinefs, has brought bufinefs to fuch a height, and bred fuch a loofenefs in this kingdom, that I dare fay was never fince his Majefty's father's going into England. The King is not pleafed to allow any of us to come to inform him ; and, after debating with himfelf, his commandments may be according to the neceffity of the time. No man jtays here to attend or affift the fervice; and thofe on whom he lays, or feems to entruft his commandments in this .bufinefs, moft turn back upon it, whenever any difficulties appear. I am in all thefe things left alone, and, God is my witnefs, never fo perplexed what to do. Shall I give way to this people's fury, which, without force and the ftrong hand, cannot be oppofed ? I am calumniated as an under-hand conniver. Shall I oppofe it with 4 that STATE PAPERS. $7 that refolution and power of affiftance that fuch a bufinefs requires ? CHARLES It may breed cenfure and more danger than I dare adventure upon* 1637. without his Majefty's warrant,- under his own hand, or from his 1 own mouth. My Lord, it becomes none better to reprefent thefe things to our Mafter than yourfelf; for God's caufe, therefore, do it. And feeing he will not give me leave to wait upon himfelf, let him be gracioufly pleafed ferioufly and timely to confider what is beft for his own honour, and the good of this poor kingdom, and dired me clearly what I fhall do ; and if I do it not, fo far as is poffible for one man, let me no more be thought worthy his Majefty's favour, nor be more thought worthy the name of Your Lordfhip's, &c Traquair. Earls of Traquair and Roxburgh to the Marquis of Hamilton. Received at London the 27th of February, 1637-8. < Our very honourable good Lord, A T the Earl of Traquair his-arrival from England, he found the i7th Feb. Earl of Roxburgh at Edinburgh, newly come from Stirling; where, having concluded with the Lords of Secret Counfels that were there for the time, upon fuch particulars as were to be thought upon before the farther fignification of his Majefty's pleafure by Traquair, he was come to Edinburgh for fettling and difpofing his own private affairs ; that upon Traquair's home-coming, he might return to Stirling, and without interruption attend his Majefty's fervice. : Vol II. O And 55 STATE PAPERS. Charles And we having communicated together upon fuch particulars as ^-s. concern his Majefty's fervice now in hand, did advertife the Chan cellor there, that, with all poffible diligence, fuch of the council as could be conveniently advertifed from that place, might be required to attend the council upon Tuefday next the 20th of this inftant; atid the like courfe we have, taken in writing to all fuch as live here near to this place. But as we ourfelves were this day ready for our journey to Stirling, we have heard of fome meetings of noblemen* barons, and others, here in Edinburgh, who, upon fome informa tions (or rather apprehenfions) of what might come in Traquair's. company, have not only met, and expeded more; but, as we are ¦'" informed, intend to follow us to Stirling. This, we conceive to be of that confequence and importance, that hereupon we have delayed , our journey till Monday next; and refolve not only to try the rea- fons and occafions of their meeting, but alfo, by all means poffible, to diffolve the fame. And if herein we find more difficulty or oppofition than we wifh or exped, we fhall forefee in what bur judgment we can think upon to be fitting for fecu ring of the peace in this State; and forefeeing what may be neceffary" for the preventing of any doubts, or inter ruptions may be mad6 to the profecution of his Majefty's fervice at Stirling ; wherein, if we cannot prevail by fair and quiet means, to work the wifhed effed, his Majefty fhall be affured that nothing fhall be left undone by us (before we turn our back upon this place), that may be expeded from faithful counfellors and affedionate humblf fervants. The unfeafonablenefs of both way and weather, and indifpofition of the Bifhop of Dunblaine, Dean of the Chapel, makes fome difficulty in the removal of the fervice of the chapel to Stirling ; but we fhall be careful to provide for him, and the gentlemen of the chapel, in every thing which in reafon they can demand for their journey; that they fhall have no ground or excufe of ftay, after the 6 20th STATE PAPERS. $$ 20th of this inftant. In all which, and every thing recommended CHARLES tp us by his Majefty, we fhall ufe that exad diligence, which in 1637-8. reafon may be expeded from thankful fervants and fubjeds, and Your Lordfhip's faithful friends, Edinburgh, • - Traquair, ^.February, ,637-8. ROXBURGH. Earl of Traquair to the Marquis of Hamilton. Pleafe your Lordfhip, Dalkeith, February 26th. TpHIS inclofed is the copy of the Earl of Roxburgh's and mine> 26th Feb. to the Secretary, to be feen by his Majefty. To it I can add little ; for, in effed, by it his Majefty will perceive, how much all forts and qualities of people within this kingdom, are commoved with the proclamation; infomueh that it is a great providence of God if fome mifchief do not enfue thereupon, before help can be provided. Many things have been complained upon, as the petitions pre- fented to the Council, and by the Council to his Majefty, bear; but the Service-book, which they conceive, by this proclamation*, and the King's taking the fame upon himfelf, tp be in effed of new ratified, is that which troubles them moft. And truly, in my judg ment, it fhall be as eafy to eftablifh the Miffal in this kingdom, as this Service-book, as it is conceived. The not urging of the prefent pradice thereof, does no way fa tisfy them ; becaufe they conceive that what is done in the delaying * Avowing the Book, or Bukg, as the Scotch called it ; but difpenfing with the immediate enforcing it. O % thereof, ioo S T A T E P A P E R S. "charles thereof, is but only to prepare things the better, for the urging of* 1637-8. the fame at a more convenient time ; and, believe me, as yet I fee .not a probability of power within this kingdom to force them ;, and whoever has informed the King's Majefty otherwife, either of the book itfelf, or of the difpofition of the fubjeds to obey his Majefty's, commandments, it is high time every man be put to make good his own part. The Bifhop of Dumblane has gotten his monies, both for himfelf and the gentlemen of the chapel, and for all the charges in remov ing thither. I have likewife direded my brother and fervants into Edinburgh, to attend; but, for. any thing lean be able to. do with him, he will not hence, affirming fometimes that he is not able for want of health, and, fometimes for fear of harm to hisperfon. The Earl of Marr's. untimely writing to his Under-keeper- of Edinburgh Caftle, who has the reputation of a great Puritan, has. been the occafion of great bufinefs, and has made the alarm be taken more hotly than was neceffary or fitting at this, timei Your Lordfhip is likewife to acquaint his Majefty, that little or nothing is done at court,, or upon difpatch from his Majefty, where of they have not (as they affirm, and many times it falls out to prove fo) got fome intelligence.. My condition at this time is hard ; for as, upon the one hand, I am perfecuted by the implacable under-hand malice of fome of our Bifhops, fo am I now in no better predicament with our noblemen* and others, who. adhere to their courfe; and I may truly fay, the Bifhop J;hey hate moft,. is not more obnoxious to their hatred, than! am at this time. But I fhall not foolifhly give occafion of offence tet any ; and if, in the profecution of my Mailer's commandments, I. offend, I muft exped the protedion of my Mafter, and the counte nance of your Lordfhip's refped to Your very faithful fervant, Traquair.. STATEPAPERS. io* The Same to the Same. GHf LES Stirling, March 5th, 1638. y^fff^j * | AHIS bearer* fhall fave my pains in writing long letters; to him 5th March.. the eftate of this kingdom is fully known, and from him I have kept none of my thoughts. Your Lordfhip can beft witnefs, how Unwilling I was that our Mafter fhould have direded fuch a proclamation ; and I had too juft grounds to fortell- the danger and inconveniences which are now like to enfue thereupon. It is now high time for your Lordfhip to reprefent to his Majefty the height of evil* are like to fall upon us, if he fhall not be pleafed to free the fubjeds of the fears they have "conceived of innovation of religion ; and that it is not to be expeded From this, that will withftand, far lefs reprefs the fury. The f band,. , whereof the juftke Clerk hath the double, is fubfcribed by many;, and all qualities of people, from all towns of the kingdom, are com ing in daily to fubfcribe. If his Majefty may be pleafed to free them, or give them any auurarice, that no novelty of religion fhall be brought upon them,- rt is like the moft part of the wifeft fort will be quiet; but, without this,, there is no obedience to be expeded in this' part ofthe world ; and, in my judgment, no affurance can be given them hereof,, but by freeing them of the fervice-bookand Book of Canons. If the King,. for the good of his own honour and fervice, may be moved to any thing in this kind, I wifh earneftly your Lordfhip fhould not fpare; your pains in coming home, and undertaking to do his Majefty's fer vice ; but except fomething of this kind be granted, I know not what farther can be done, than to oppofe force to force;, wherein whoever- gain, his Majefty fhall be a lofer. Pardon this rude freedom ; and what I can fay more upon this,, or any other Scojts fubjed, is knowm x to the bearer, and that I am Your Lordfhip's faithful friend and fervant, Traquair,. * The Juftice Clerk. t The Covenant. Vol. II., ©3 102 CHARLES I. 1637-8. STATE PAPERS. The Same to the Same. zzd March. Dalkeith, March 22. DY the command which I have from the Juftice Clerk, the Coun cil is ordained to meet ; and from them I am to receive what farther they can advife concerning the prefent eftate of this poor kingdom; fo that this being the 23d, it will be Saturday the 24th before poffibly any number of counfellors can meet, and Monday the 26th will be the day of our return from thence to Edinburgh; from whence, God willing, I fhall part on the 27th, and in my journey fhall ufe the beft diligence I can. In the mean time, give me leave to reprefent to your Lordfhip's confideration, if it fhall not be fitting to advertife his Majefty, that fince he intends to hear fome of his faithful fervants before he determines upon his refolu- tions in this fo perplexed bufinefs, if it fhall not be fitting, and the fafeft way for him not to hearken to private- counfel, or trouble him felf with new motions or propofitions, until we be all together, that having heard every man's judgment and opinion debated in his own hearing, in the deepnefs of his own wifdom he may refolve upon the beft. But this and all that may concern me in all this bufinefs, I remit to your Lordfhip's own confideration, and with the affurance of a true and faithful heart to your Lordfhip's fervice, do reft moft confident, that, as your Lordfhip will never be wanting, both by your advice and- affiftance to what may concern either the King's honour, or the end of ^the public, fo will you never forget Your Lordfhip's, &c. . Traquair *. - All the Scotch minifters of ftate, except Strafford. King Charles's extravagant fond. the bilhops, were much againft the Service- nefs for Epifcopacy led him into many poli- book. Laud complains of them for it, par- tica] errors. ticularly of Traquair, in a letter to Lord STATE PAPER Si 103 Earl of Traquair to the Mdrquis of Hamilton* CHARLES I. 1638. T HAVE fent Sir Thomas Hope's * • Sir Thomas Nicolfon's f, and Sir Lewis Stewart's \ anfwers and refolutions to his Majefty's inter rogatories f|, fent down by-me, together with a joint letter from the Earl of Roxburgh and myfelf; wherein we touch no particulars, except that we tell his Majefty the true caufe of the advocates, their long delaying of their anfwers ; I have direded all to the Juftice Clerk §, to be delivered by him ; that either the writings may be redelivered to him ; or otherwife, that his Majefty may be advertifed to keep them to himfelf, and to communicate them to as few as he fhould think fitting. My next defire is, that your Lordfhip may confider upon them ; and to that effed, I earneftly wifh your Lord fhip may be prefent, when they are delivered* They do not much differ in their opinions ; neither know I which of the three are moft confident of their own judgments ; and yet I muft confefs to your Lbrdfhip freely, I can hardly agree to their opinions- in fome things; neither can I think the foundeft and moft underftanding judges will in all the particulars be of their mind. This great meeting**, which was at Edinbugh, is diffolved, but have left commiffioners behind them; and. have eftablifhed fuch an intelligence amongft themfelves, that they can meet and come toge ther upon very fhort advertilement. There are fome rafcally pepple in divers towns of the .kingdom, who commit riots by their tongues;, and fome go farther, againft fome of our conforming Minifters. One * The advocate; •f- A covenanter. \ Sir L. S. well affe&ed, as a royalift. || Thefe interrogatories and anfwers are not mentioned in Burnet's Memoirs. in March 1637-8. This and the following : letter appear to have been- writ while he was ftill at court : probably in April. ** It was then the covenant was figned, and the tables or committees of different or- § The Juftice Clerk went up to Lomion dm appointed. particular eTATE PAPERS. charles particular I have written of to the Juftice Clerk, which occurred ,638. lately at Lanerk ; and for any thing I can learn, they intend to pre pare themfelves, by all poffible means, for the worft; but will not ftir*, except they be preffed with the pradice of thofe things they compkin upon. What I have farther written in particulars to the Juftice Clerk, I will not repeat here again. As I fhall hear from your Lordfhip of his Majefty's pleafure> I fhall faithfully profecute what is in the power of Your Lordfhip's, &c. Traquair. The Same, to Lord Juftice Clerk. rT"' H E three advocates opinions give me no new grounds to think upon; I find them all three much of one mind; but of them all, the King's advocate is moft obfcure ; and his advice of a precog nition f, in my judgment, is dangerous, both for the bufinefs itfelf* and for our Mafter's honour ; and my fimple opinion is, that his Majefty fhall never fhew himfelf in this bufinefs, or any particulars that have relation thereto, but upon fuch fure and certain grounds as he fhall be able to carry whatever he intends, or goes about. They, I mean the petitioners, have written to fome at Court, as I doubt not but you have heard before this. They would will ingly petition his Majefty, and as I hear, in a fubmiffive way ; but without remitting any thing of the fubjed. But thefe letters to Court, if you can come by a fight of any of them, will more par ticularly inform you of their pretenfions, than as yet I can. * i. e. febel. f Examinations taken before a magiitrate, previous to a judicial procefs. Since S TAT EPA P E R S. ietf Since the multitudes are gone* I fhall do my beft in the quieteft, CHARLES -difcreeteft way I can, to forefee for every thing that is to be had 1638. within this kingdom, for the providing of his Majefty's houfes ; but Im.uft intreat you to acquaint his Majefty with the true eftate of the caftle of Edinburgh ; for except the Earl of Mar * come down, or fome other courfe be taken herewith, I dare not fay, but when we le'aft look for any fuch thing, it may be in their hands, who will not be found fitting keepers of fuch a place in fuch a time. As this was written, this inclofed f from thefe fubfcribing Mini fters, was delivered to me. What anfwer to give them, or what help or redrefs to make them, fo God may help me, I know nor. They have written in the fame form to the Chancellor and others, and have likewife fent a fupplication to the Council, to be prefented on Thurfday next ; but I fear we be not a number ; and if we were, what can we do, until fuch time as either the people's fury be laid, or his Majefty's authority ftrengthened by power to refift or fupprefs the fame? God give you a good fuccefs to what you go about; and I pray the God of all wifdom to dked your Mafter in the right way. My Lord Roxburgh parts from Edinburgh the 1 5th of this prefent, towards his own houfe, and intends not returning before he be once at Court. I fhall ftill attend until I hear from you; but until I get grouncl from you, I know not what to do, neither what advice to give, farther than you knew before your parting from this place. I hope there fhall be no ftir, until they fee clearly what his Majefty intends to do anent their things in queftion ; fo that if you find his Majefty inclinable to the Council's advice, I am confident the King's Majefty may take what time he fhall think fitting, and may confult • Conftable. f This petition is not mentioned m Bura«t. Thefe. were conforming minifters. Vol. II. P whom io6 STATE PAPERS. Charles whom he pleafes, and what way he pleafes, without any danger of 1638. ftir, or public infurredion, fo long as nothing, is preffed. I have fo much to fay, and yet am fo confufed, or rather per plexed what to write, that I will once again refolve to be filent, until I hear from you ; which I wifh may be as foon as poffiblyyou can ;. for believe me, no man's condition is fo hard at this time as mine; and I may confidently fay, which in fome meafure was feen to your Lordfhip's felf, that I am put in the fame by moft of them, with the Bifhops. But let our Mafter be pleafed once to refolve, by advice of his faithful fervants, and if I be wanting to ad my part, let me no more be trufted by my Mafter, nor thought worthy the name of Your Lordfhip's, Sec. Traquair,. If the King's Majefty be pleafed to hear any of his fervants, be fore he conclude fully what courfe to take in the profecution of this. bufinefs, I remit to your own confideration, if it fhall not be necefr fary to fend. for Lome *. I need not enlarge this point,, the reafons, are fufficiently known to yourfelf. * Afterwards Marquis of Argyle. A fecret covenanter then* STATE PAPERS. 107 CHARLES I. The Same to the Marquis of Hamilton. t ".-f8'^ Holyrudhoufe, May 17, 1638. •XKf E have thought fit to caufe to be drawn up two commiffions *, 17th May^ the one, with a general power, for repreffing the prefent dif orders, and doing of what farther fhall be found neceffary for the good of his Majefty's fervice; the other, making particular mention of a power of calling parliament, or convening or indiding of ge neral affemblies. Both is neceffary to be under his Majefty's hand* and your Lordfhip may make ufe of either pf them, as ypu fhall find caufe. Every day gives new pccafion of regret to all honeft hearts, who love either King or country. People's follies, or rather madnefs, is boundlefs ; and in no fubjed's adions more madnefs appears, than in the town of Edinburgh. The pulpits are daily filled with thofe minifters, who were lately put out of Ireland, who with fome of their own, and fome fuch other, as come from other places of this kingdom, preach nothing but foolifh feditious dodrine. Minifters who refufe to read the covenant, are called before their prefbyteries, to hear and fee themfelves depofed ; and all this without warrant, or fo much as taking notice of their Ordinary -j-; Gentlemen of good quality refufed the benefit of the communion, for refufing to fubfcribe the band. But it is not now time to bemoan ; all honeft men's care muft be to think upon the beft means and ways how to remedy thefe evils, and reftore authority to that full force and vigour which is due thereto. I cannot fay, that fince my coming home $, I -have been able fo far to underftand the true eftate of bufinefs, as that I dare adventure to give my Mafter any new advice in particulars. But I wifh from my * For the high cpmmiflioner. f i. t. The Bifliop. % From Court. P 3 heart I08 . S T A '*'.£, i* A' r a «. o. CHARLES heart that the King's Majefty would be pleafed to divide the procla ims, mation, or at leaft allow your Lordfhip topublifh it all at one time,/ * ' ' or feverally, as your Lordfhip fhall find, after being fome time here,, may conduce to his Majefty's fervice. By the firft thereof, people's*. fury will be mitigated ; and being brought once to fome temper, and quietnefs of mind, the fecond part, containing the upgiving of ': the bands *, will come more feafonably. And upon this occafion, give me leave to represent to your Lord fhip, how neceffary it is, for the good of this fervice now in hand* that your Lordfhip be not tied to precife and ftrid-forms. The King's- pleafure muft be the ground of all your proceedings ; but either muft; the King's Majefty be gracioufly pleafed to truft your Lordfhip- with the form and times of ading thereof; or otherwife be allured^ to meet daily with rubs and difficulties ; and fo make your Lord fhip's, or any other who fhall have the leaft hand in the bufiaeft, condition very hard. And therefore let me intreat, or rather conjure your Lordfhip, to deal ferioufly with his Majefty in this point; for I atteft God to be my witnefs, I defire this without refped to your Lordfhip or any thing elfe; but merely becaufe I know how much- it may conduce to the advancement of his Majefty's fervice in thefe difficult times* 1 I am not very apt to do evil offices to any, far lefs to my friends;, but truly I find the advocate fo foolifh in many things, and far changed from what I conceived him to be, when I came from Scot land, that I dare not be anfwerable in my duty to my Mafter, if I fhall not acquaint him herewith (which I muft intreat your Lord fhip likewife to do, as from me). And although I fhould be forry , that any public affront were put upon him, and efpecially at this time, that I muft advife your Lordfhip, as a thing abfolutely neceffary, to have a fecret warrant, for one other advocate, in eafe .your Lordn ^ fhip fhall find him continue in his follies, # Ox Covenants*. Th§ STATE PAPER S. 109 The Earl of Mar is' not come here, nor has he made fo much as charles afhew of preparation for his own coming. I have written to him, 1638. and am fufficiently provided with vidual, and every thing of that kind, that fhall be found neceffary, both for Stirling and Edin burgh. , I doubt not but your Lordfliip has heard how forward the north countries are in all their combinations ; the covenant read and fiib- fcribed in all places; and no where more folemnly than in the church of R. All thofe letters which came from his Majefty, or fuch others, or diredions, as I had from your Lordfhip's - felf, fhall be pundually profecuted ; and he that is not ready with heart and hand to affift your Lordfliip in this bufinefs, God will curfe. And fo wifhing your Bprdfbip a happy journey homeward, and much content when you; aye here, I. reft. Your Lordfhip's, . $cc. Traquair. - Earl of Traquair to the Marquis of Hamilton; July 13. Edinb/. TTPCTN report that fome of the King's navy were coming to ¦ ^th ^ this Firth of Leith, the Laird of Albar came to my Lord- Roxburgh ; and being, as appeared, In a great commotion, hardly could he be diverted from putting up fires upon thofe places they have condefcended upon, for advertifing of the countries. Much. more was fpoken, fcarce worthy of your Lordfliip's hearing. 6 x* IIO STATE PAPERS. charles It feems the Chancellor * has been moved herewith, for the very r6j8. -next day, towards the evening, he parted from*'Rofline, and was the next morning beyond Coekbume's-path. The poor Bifhop of Galloway is fo frighted with his fudden departure, arid with the big words were vented by,fome, upon the report of the King's fhips in coming, that I can hardly keep him here. The King's Majefty has been accuftomed by this time, to prick the Sheriffs at Lammas, to the effed they may be prefented to' the Council Table the firft Council day in September. It will be hard, if not in moft places impoffible, to find any who have not fubfcribed the covenant; and therefore, the Juftice Clerk and I conceive it beft, that the laft year's Sheriffs fhould be continued for this fubfe- quent year alfo. Only Sir William Nifbet, Sheriff for Edinburgh, muft be changed in refped of his ficknefs; and I know none more fitting in that fhire, than Sir John Dalmahoy, who, among all the Juftices in that fhire, is the only man has not fubfcribed. The Earl of Montrofe, and fome others with him, accompanied with Mr. Alexander Henderfon, and Mr. David Dick, are gone for Aberdeen, and intend to keep the fame courfe, for fubfcribing, and caufing people to fwear to the covenant, that they have done in other places of this kingdom. It is much to be feared, that thofe of Aber deen, who have ftood out all this time, fhall no longer refufe the common way. The Marquis of Huntley is there, and I have writ ten to him ; but I fear it fhall not avail. I hope before, this comes to your Lordfhip's hands, you will have made fome good refolution, for fettling the peace of this poor dif- traded kingdom ; neither need I add any new arguments to incite your Lordfhip hereto j for the truth is fo well known to your Lord- fhip.'s felf, as it can be better underftood by none. • * Spotfwopd feems to have behaved without dignity in thefe troubles, and foon parted tykh the Great Seal, for 2500 1. See Burnet's Memoirs, p. 79. 7 It .STATE PAPERS.: in It is no time for any honeft heart to think upon himfelf, or his charles own particular; .if things come to the wprft, no man's condition is 1638, fo hard as mine. If God fend us peace, I am confident his Majefty's goodnefs and juftice will foon redlfy me, both in his own opinion, and in the opinion of the world ; and until he have refolved upon his own fervice, I fhall continue in that way your Lordfhip left me in, which I know your Lordfhip will witnefs to have been fuch as be came an humble and faithful fervant, and one who has deferved better than to be run over with fuch creatures. Pardon this digreffion, and believe that although it come from a heart full of grief, yet from a heart faithful and affedionate to my Mafter (as the end fhall make it appear), even in the greateft diffi culties can occur to Your, &c. Traquair.'., The Same to the Same.- Edinburgh, July zoth, 1638. HP HE proteftation that was made by the -Covenanters againft, or 20th July.. upon his Majefty's proclamation, was (notwithftanding your Lordfhip's warrant, inhibiting all printing withouj: warrant) printed, as I take it, by the printers ofthe college of Edinburgh; and that your Lordfhip may confider, and confer this which is printed with that which was given to your Lordfhip's felf, I have fent your Lord fliip one of them. Since my Jaft, the Covenanters who are here in town, have dif charged: the minifters of Edinburgh, who have not fubfcribed the Covenant, to preach in any of the pulpits of Edinburgh, thefe two aext fubfequent Sundays appointed for celebration of their faft. I caufcd; II2 STATE PAPE R S. "V CHARLES caufed fpeak to the magiftrates of Edinburgh, but find nothing 'of 1638. them but one inclination to approve of the motion ; and fo the pul pits of Edinburgh are to be filled, for thofe two days, with ftrangers. Moft of the Dqdors of Divinity in Fife and, St. Andrews, have (as is affirmed) fubfcribed the covenant this laft week. There is much difcourfe of fortifying Leith, and the harbour thereof, and a propofition made to the town and council of Edinburgh for that effed ; and withal, a defire from the nobility and gentry, to them, to fend for two thoufand weight of powder for the ufe of their town;.. but all their motions are delayed, until they fee what word comes from Court. But truly, if any of the King's fhips appear upon our coafts, or if any foldiers come to Berwick or Carliffe, or prepa ration made in any of thofe places, I fear it will breed a great ftir here : and it may prove dangerous to fome, if timous advertifement be not given .thereof. The people's fury feems rather to iricreafe than diminifh, againft the Bifhops; and if fome fatisfadion come not, upon the firft adver* tifement from your Lordfhip, I dare not undertake for Galloway any longer; for the man is timorous, and will not ftay Where I would have him. My attendance ties me all day in Edinburgh, and fo long as thefe folks are watching and guarding as they do, I hope your Lordfhip will not think it. fit I fhould be from Dalkeith at night; and he ftaying in my lodging in Edinburgh, where I have ^but fome very few fervants, I think it not fo convenient a place for him to ftay unto. Howfoever I fhall not 'be wanting to him, nor in any thing I know to be my ,Mafter's pleafure, fo far as I have judgment, or lies in the power of Your Lordfhip's, &c. Traquair. I STATE PAPERS, 113 CHARLES I. r638. , Marquis of Hamilton to King Charles I.* *~^— -^ Moft facred Sovereign, Nov. 27th,. 1638. \T7HEN I confider the many, great, and moft extraordinary fa- 27th Nov. vours, which your Majefty hath been pleafed to confer upon me ; if you were not my Sovereign, gratitude would oblige me to labour faithfully, and that, to the uttermoft of my power, to mani- feftmy thankful nefs. Yet fo unfortunate have I been in this urJucky country, that though I did prefer your fervice before all worldly confiderations, nay, even ftrained.my confcience in fome points, by fubfcrlbing the negative COnfeffion ; yet all hath been to fmall pur pofe ; for I have miffed my end, in not being . able to make your Majefty fo confiderable a party, as will be able to curb the infolency of this rebellious nation, without affiftance from England, and greater charge to your Majefty, than this miferable country is worth. As I fhall anfwer to God at the laft day, I have done my beft, though the fuccefs has proven fo bad, as I think myfelf of all men living moft miferable, in finding that I have been fo. ufelefs a fervant to him, tp whom I owe fo much. And feeing this may perhaps be the laft letter that ever I fhall have the happinefs to write to your Majefty, I fhall therefore in it difcharge my duty fo far, as freely to exprefs my thoughts in fuch things as I do conceive concerneth, your fervice. And becaufe I will be fure that it fhould not mifcarry, I have fent it by this faithful fervant of your Majefty's, whom I have found to be fo trufty, as he may be employed by you, even to go againft his neareft friends and deareft kindred. * This is a very curious letter referred to lengthy on account of the perfonalities in it, ihortly by Dr. Burnet, but not inferted at which it was too near the time to publifh. Yql. II. Q. Upon \.w* <*- u4 STATE PAPERS. CHARLES Upon the whole matter, your Majefty has been- grofsly abufe* 1638. by, my Lords of the clergy, by bringing in thofe things in this- "v~r church, not in the ordinary and legal way. For the truth is, this- adion of theirs is not juftifiable by the laws of this Tdngdom ; their pride was great, but their folly greater ; for if they had gone right; about this work, nothing was more eafy, than to have effeded what was aimed at. As for the perfons- of the men, it. will prove oF fmall ufe to have them charaderized out by me, their condition- being fuch, as they cannot be too much pitied; yet, left I fhould lay upon them a heavier imputation, by faying nothing, than -I intend, therefore I fhall crave leave to fay this much* It will be found that: fome of them have not been of the beft lives, as St.. Andrews* Brechiny, Argyle, Aberdeen; too many of them inclined to fimony ;. yet* for my Lord of Rofs *, the moft hated of air, and generally by all,. there are few perfonal faults laid to his charge, more than ambi tion, which I cannot account a fault, fo it be in lawful things.- But, Sir, fo leave them, and come to- thofe whom I conceive it is more: neceffary you fhould know, your officers and counfellors, of whom11 I fhall write without fpleen or favour, as I fhall anfwer to him at the laft day, to whom I muft give an account (L know not how foon) of all my adion s-. Your Treafurer f, his ambition has been great, and his labouring popularity has certainly prejudiced your fervice. Nothing could gain- him that name fooner, than by oppofing the clergy ;: and- the diffe rences betwixt them hath marred all; to which thofe of the Council did not only hold hand, to, but encouraged. him to it, as much as in them lay; and here again, I fay, they gave too juft reafon to meet: with oppofition. He is a moft adive man, and hath many excel lent parts. What his bypaft carriage hath been, is as well, if not better known to your Majefty than me ;.but he doth now labour cer- * MaxwelL, -j- Traquair. . tainly STATU PAPERS. *i£ tainly what lieth in him, to advance your Majefty's ends ; and hath CHARLES oft folemnly fwora to me, that in defence ef epifcopal government, ( 1638. he will fpend his life and fortune. For thofe particulars wherewith he hath been taxed, as being guilty of abufing your Majefty, in the execution of his place, as Treafurer, he will, in my opinion, juftify himfelf. Howfoever (confidering thefe prefent times) you muft make life of him, and your Majefty fhould be wary of giving him dif- content. 1 As for my Lord Privy Seal *, I fhall not need to fay milch of him, he being fo well known to your father (of bleffed memory) whofe judicious charader of him to yourfelf, is fo true, as I fhall neither add nor pare. He hath likewife declared himfelf to me, for epif copal government j but I like not his limitations ; yet you muft make ufe of him, for he is a powerful man in this country. The Marquis of Huntley is unknown to me, more than in gene ral ; but much miflikedvis he here "(yet not the worfe for that) traduced not only to be popifhly inclined, but even a dired Roman Catholic; nay, they fpare not to fax him 'with perfonal faults. But howfoever, this I am fure of, fince my coming here, he hath proved a faithful fervant to you ; and I am confident will be of greater ufe, when your Majefty fhall take arms in your hand. The Earl of Argyle is the only man now called up as a true patriot, a loyal fubjed, a faithful counfellor, and above all, rightly fet for the prefervation of the purity of religion. And truly, Sir, he takes it upon him. He muft be well looked to; for it fears me, he, will prove the dangeroufeft man in this State. He Is fo far from favour ing epifcopal government, that with, all his foul he wifhes it totally abolifhed. What courfe to advife you to take with him, for the' 'prefent, I cannot fay ; but remit it to your Majefty's ferious confider ation. ^The information which you have had from Antrim, the inoft part of it I take to be true. • Roxburgh. C; £ Perth II.6 STATE P A P E R S. CHARLES Perth, hath been taxed to be a Roman Catholic; but I find him* 1638. none. A loyal heart he hath, but no great politiciain, nor of much power out of the- Highlands, and fhould be encouraged,, becaufe he may contribute to the curbing of Argyle. Tullibardin, I take him to be honeft ; your Majefty knoweth, his- abilities. He is a- true hater ofArgyJe. • Wig-ton", thanks be to God, hath no great power; for if -he had" k, it would be employed the wrong way. Sorry I am tor it, his anr- ceftors have been fo dear friends to -mine. > Kinghorn, lam grieved for his weaknefs. A good man he. is* but totally milled by his brother Albar, who will fucceed in his.^ place, fie having no children. Too near of kindred he is to me. Haddington has too- much the humour of- thefe times; but he hath oft fworh to me, he will never afk what your quarrel is ; yet few of his friends I fear will go along with. him in it, in defence off epifcopacy. As for Lauderdale, he is a man of no great power ; but he is- truly honeft, and moft rightly fet in all that concerneth your fervice.., Southefk hath, beyond all expedation, fhewn himfelf forwardly ftput in all that hath concerned your fervice, ever fince niy coming firft to this country.. He is a man of great power,, rich, and was extremely beloved; but now as much hated. He doth deferve jour. Majefty's favour, on my word; and,, if not for one confideration,. none were fitter to be Chancellor, which. I fhall ad vife. your Majeftyr not to difpofe of till thefe troubles be paft. Kinndul, for his part, hath fhewn himfelf both true and forward; in all your fervice ¦ in whom your Majefty may have confidence,.. according to his power. Finlater, according to his power, hath done his part, as I hear by , the Marquis of Huntley. Linlithgow, if his power were according to his affedion, , he- would be ufeful to you. I muft STATE PAPERS. n7 T muft not forget Dalzell, who both is of power to ferve you, and charless nas moft faithfully done it. As for the reft of the Council, they are either of no power to ferve you in this time, or totally fet the covenanters way. For brevity I pafs them by, and have fent a lift of the whole Counfellors names. If the Juftice Clerk * were not fo near me as he is, I would fay more of him than^now I will ; yet pardon me for faying, an honefter foul lives not. The Advocate f fhould' be removed, for he is ill difpofed. I know none fo fit for his place, as Sir Lewis Stewart. My Lord Trea*- furer's friend he is; Sir Thomas Nicolfon being no ways to be trufted- in what may concern the. affairs of the church; Now, for the Covenanters; I fhall only fay this in general;, they may all be placed in one roll as they now ftand. But certainly, Sir,.,- thofe that have both oroached the bufinefs, and ftill hold If aloft, are- Rothes, Balmerino, Lindfay, Lothian, Loudoun, Yefter, Cranfton.- There are many others as forward in fhow ; amongft whom none; more vainly foolifli than. Montrbfe. But the above mentioned are~ the main contrivers. The gentry, boroughs, and minifters have their ringleaders too,- It will be too long to fet down all their names, Thofe who I conceive • to be moft inclined, the Clerk Regifter (who is a faithful fervant to the Crown) if I mifcarry, will give you information of them ; yet, Ifear him, poor man, more than myfelf. But they are obvious and' known to all. This is all that I will fay concerning the perfons of the men in. this kingdom ; wifhing, Sir, withmy heart, thofe whom I mifdoubt, I may be deceived by their future carriage, and that their loyalty - may appear, which will blot out or your Majefty's memory what;: my duty and fidelity to you has caufed me to write thus of them.. * Sir J, Hamilton. . f . Sir Thomas Hope. - It -! A XIg, STATE PAPERS. charles It ;s more than probable, that thefe people have -fomewhat elfe J&. ,in their thoughts than religion. .But that muft ferve for a cloak to "" ^rebellion, wherein for a time tthey.may prevail ; but, to make them miferable, and bring them again to a dutiful obedience, I am con fident your Majefty will not find it a work of long time, nor pf great difficulty, as they have fool ifhly fancied to themfelves. , The way to effed which, in my opinion, is briefly thus. :< Their greateft ftrength confifts in the bprpughs; and their being' Is by trade; whereof, a few fhips of your Majefty's, well difpofed, swill eafily bar them, Their chiefeft trade is in the eaftern feas and to Holland, with coal and fait, and importing of vidual, and other commodities from thence ; whereof if they be but one year flopped) an age cannot recover them.; yet fo blinded they are, that this, they - will not fee. This alone, without farther charge to your Majefty, your frontiers being well guarded, will work your end. This care ¦fhould be taken, that when particular boroughs, can be made fenfible of their paft errors, and willing to return to their allegiance, they be not only then not barred from trade, but received into your Mar jefty 's favour and protedion. In my opinion, your fhips would be beft ordered thus, eight or ten to lie in the Firth. There fhould be fome three or four plying to and again betwixt the Firth and Aberdeen, fo long as the feafpn of the year will permit them to keep the feas ; and when they are not longer able, they may retire into the Firth ; in which there are fer vera! places in which they may ride in all weathers.. Thofe fhips tfiat lie in the Irifh feas, will be fufficient to bar all trade from the weft of Scotland. The fittingeft places are between Arran and the coaft of Galloway. When the weather is foul, there is ,an excellent road in Galloway galled Lochyen; and another in Arran -called Lamlafh, or the Holy Ifland ; where they may ride in fafety. This is all I fhall fay concerning the barring them of trade. This will certainly fo irritate them, as all thofe who within this country ftand for your Majefty, will be in great and imminent , danger. STATE PAP E R Si , 119 danger. The beft way, that for the prefent I can think on to fecure CHARLES them, and to make fome head for your Majefty, is, to appoint the 1638. Marquis of Huntley in the north, your Majefty's Lieutenant; with full power to him to raife fuch and fo many men, as fie fhall think convenient for the defence of the country. By this means, there -¦ being a head, thofe that are in the north will know to whom to repair ; and there is no doubt but in thofe parts they will do welL enough. For thofe that are befouth the river Forth, I apprehend their dan ger moft; and I would advife that there were lieutenant's likewife' appointed, to whom they might repair. Neceffity will force your Majefty upon one. of two, either Traquair or Roxburgh; or, indeed, both, for they may both have commiffions. They may be well' furnifhed with arms, and other things neceffary, from England, by land, both their fortunes being near adjacent to Northumberland ; and though I fear they will not be able to make a body of an army,. yet neceffary it is that lieutenants fhould be, and I know none fo fit as thefe in thofe parts; for I will never think they have traiterous hearts. Certainly neceffary it is for the government of this kingdom,* that acommiffioner or deputy fhould be in it. For experience hath; taught me, that your Majefty will never be well ferved by your council, unlefs there be fome one or other amongft them, on whom the chief care muft lie. If your Majefty do not firft fettle the - country, and reclaim it, whofoever you fhall employ, will never be able to do any thing.. Therefore that fhould be done, before any new cqm-miffion be given; and even then, where you will find a man, I cannot poffibly fay, unlefs your Majefty fend the. Duke of Lenox*. As for the Marquis of Huntley, certainly he may be trufted \ by you;, but whether fitly or no, I cannot fay. If I keep my life: (though next Hell I hate this place), if you think me worthy of,' • employ^- 12© STATE PAPER S. charles ^employment, I fhall not weary till the government be again* fet 1638. right; and then I will forfwear this country. As for your Majefty's' cattle of Edinburgh, it was a moft fhame- ful thing it fhould have been fo negleded. I cannot promife that it fhall be defended, yet I hope they fhall not take it, but by an hoftile ad. :Some few men I have ftolen in, but as yet cannot get one mufket put there, nor one yard of match. I have trufted, for a time, the fame man that was in it, and perhaps your Majefty will think this ft range -that- 1 have done fo ; yet neceffity forced me to it. For. thither Ruthven would not go, without arms and ammunition; .and indeed he is not to be blamed therefore ; but, Sir, I have that in •working, that, if I can accomplifh, may for a time fecure that place. And for my trufting that man, I can only fay this, that if he deceive me, we were in no worfe condition than when it was in Lord Marr's hands; fafe only, for the giving him 2000 1. which, if loft by the default of him whom I have trufted, your Majefty fhall not be burthened by the payment of this money, for I deferve to, lofe it for my confidence. He is no Covenanter, and hath folemnly fworn to me, to lofe his life before he quit it. AsforDunbrittom the way is eafy to put as many men there as you pleafe, with vidual and ammunition ; from Ireland they muft come, and at the caftle they muft land; 100 men will be fufficient provided with ammunition and vidual for three months; and the fooner this be done the better. Thus, Sir, your Majefty hath the humble opinion of what I con ceive of the affairs of the kingdom. What I have faid, I humbly fubmit to your Majefty. I have now only this one fuit to your Majefty, that if my fons live, they may be bred in England, and made happy by fervice in the court; and if they prove not loyal to the crown, my curfe be on them. I wifh STATE PAPERS. 121 I wifh my daughters be never married in Scotland. I humbly CHARLES recommend my brother to your favour. 1638. Thus, with my hearty prayers to God, that he will blefs you with a long and happy life, and crown all your intentions with a wifhed fuccefs ; which I hope to live and fee effeded, notwithftanding of all the threats that is ufed to Your Majefty's, &c.- Gkfgow. Hamilton. 27th November, 1638. Earl of Traquair to the Marquis of Hamilton. Falkirk, Nov. 30th f. T COULD not find the Earl of Argyle yefterday at his own 30th Nor. houfe; and being unwilling to go. from Glafgow before I faw him, I came to the Lord Boyde's lodging, where I was told he was, with the Lord Loudoun and fome others. He refolves to ftay flill in Glafgow, fome time at leaft; and during his abode there, will haunt the affembly, and be careful to make them go on in fuch a way as fhall be juftifiable. The Service-book will be condemned in general, as repugnant to the tenets of this church ; epifcopal government, as not agreeable to the government thereof; and prefently all the bifhops of this king dom are condemned, and prefently excomunicate. The Lord Loudoun acknowledges one of the papers, your Grace produced in the affembly, but the certificate refufed ; the fame was required of me, which at the kirk-yard entry I acknowledged and declared to be fuch as became an honeft man ; for truly, if I fhould fay otherwife, I fhould deny truth and my own judgment. And if I f This is in 1638, after the aflembly was diiTolved. Vol. H. R fliould 322 STATE PAP E R S. charles fhould fubfcribe any covenant or confeffion, which, in my judgment, 1638. excluded epifcopacy or epifcopal government, Ibehovedto fubfcribe againft the light of my own confcience; and this I declared publicly, as I fhall do while I breathe. This morning the Lairds Carberry, Nidrie, and Colintone, with John Smith of Edinburgh, parted from this, about four in the morning, to attend my coming to Edinburgh, for protefting againft the pro clamation ; which they exped at the crofs of Edinburgh. As your Grace fhall be pleafed to honour me with any of your commandments, I fhall not be wanting with the uttermpft of my power; and without confideration either of life or fortune, fhall wit nefs myfelf to be Your, &c. Traquair. Earl of Traquair to the Marquis of Hamilton. Holirudehoufe, Jan. 5th, 1638-9. jthjan. *TpHOSE Covenanters who were here at Edinburgh when your Lordfhip parted from this place, have hitherto continued their meetings very affiduoufly. They have concluded their petition, and Ire to fend it up, as I am informed, with one Mr. William Cunningham or George Windrame, one of which parts upon the 7th or 8th of this inftant. I could not, by any means, procure a double of it, only I was allowed to read it once over, in one of their own hands ; and, to my memory, it begins with a relation of the" King's" favour and goodnefs in giving them a free affembly ; which they enlarge with many good words, yet, after, complain of your Lordfhip's carriage in ftriving, before the affemblies, to ufe procla* mations, whereby to .prejudge the freedom thereof; and that, at the. ST. ATE PAPERS. 123 the faid affemblies, your Lordfhip did always crofs their fair pro- charles cedures, with proteftations and fuch other ads, and at laft not only 1638-9. left them without any juft caufe given by them, but difcharged their further fitting. And in the third place, they gave the ..reafons : A. of their not rifing and obeying the proclamation, and ftrive to en force this by arguments of reafon, conveniency, and pradice. And in the fourth place, they pretend to demonftrate that ^1L the ads are grounded upon the uncontroverted laws and cuftoms of this kirk, as appears by the records and regifters of lawful affemblies, which, by God's providence, they make to be recovered. And thereupon concludes that his Majefty may be gracioufly pleafed, in the fubfe- quent parliament (ofthe fitting whereof, by the petition, they feem moft confident), to approve what they have done in this affembly ; with many affurances of their loyalty and fidelity to his Majefty, and of the truth and fincerity of their intentions to fovereignty. The petition is to be direded to your Lordfhip, and in cafe of your re- fufal, at fome conveniency, to his Majefty's felf immediately. Their ads, and whole courfe of their affemblies, is at the prefs, and is almoft ready for the public, both in Englifh, French, and Latin. It is like to prove a large book ; for therein they not only condefcend upon their own ads, but therewithal cite the ads of all former affemblies, which they conceive conduce to their ends. The double of all which, and of their proteftations againft the laft proclamation, and againft your Lordfhip's declaration, and their anfwer to the bifhops their declinator, will come in his company who carries the petition. They have given order, that throughout all the particular kirks of the kingdom, intimation fhall be made of the excommunication of the bifhops, and other cenfures againft thofe who are not excom municate. As alfo, that a folemn day of thankfgiving, for the happy fuccefs and conclufion of this affembly, be kept throughout the whole kingdom, with a general exhortation to all, to reverence and give obedLence to the fame ; and who fhall refufe thefe or ,any R 2 .of 124 ' STATE PAPERS. charles 0f them, the committees in thefe places are to take order with the i63I8-9. difobeyers. And truly it is much to be feared, that they fhall not find many who will refufe or difobey them ; fuch a general terror poffeffes the hearts of. all, and fo few there are at this time to ftand out, or to deal with others to that effed, that there is fmall hopes of doing good. They have given order for a general drilling* throughout the whole kingdom, and to this purpofe have drawn in all the com manders they can. The kingdom is divided into quarters, and the quarter into more or fewer fubdivifions, as the fame is populous or fpacious ; and fome appointed accordingly for attending this fervice- under them, and by whofe diredions all men in thofe bounds are to appear, at a particular place for the rendezvous to each com mander. This courfe is prefently to begin ; and by this means- they intend to have an army ftill on foot, until they fee what con- clufion the King takes. For they, who by the aforefaid orders come firft to any of the rendezvous, are to ftay together a fortnight,, twenty days, or a month, according to the order fet down ; and as. they are difmiffed, or ready to be difmiffed, others of that divifion come in their room, and this always upon their own charges. They* talk fo confidently hereof, ^and of the order to be kept, and of the readinefs of the fubjed to undergo both the charge and trouble of all this, and fo much has intervened by expedation, in all the paf fages of this bufinefs, that I forbear, or rather do not dare to give my judgment or opinion of the probability ofthe fuccefs hereof. They refolve to part from hence about Tuefday or Wednefday next, and every man to go to thofe places, where he has moft power, for affift- ing and feeing put in execution the forefaid orders ; and a new folemn and general meeting appointed, to be here at Edinburgh, fome fourteen or fifteen. days after this; the precife day I have not yet learned, but, with the next, I hope to be able to refolve your Lordfhip of this, as I fhall of what elfe comes to my knowledge,. * This mean* training,. - The STATEPAPERS. . 125 The writers and advocates are the only men bufy here in this time charles in drilling ; and of the writers, I dare fay, the moft of them fpend 1638-9. more upon powder than they have gained thefe fix months bygone with the pen. Some of the feffion have been tempted with palling of bills upon the ads of affembly, but nothing yet done; and I hope the beft; howfoever, nothing fhall be left undone that lies in the power of Your Lordfhip's, &c Traquair. Lord St. Albans and Clanriearde to Secretary Windebanke. Sir, York, April 9th. CINCE my arrival at this place, I found opportunity to acquaint 9th AprilU the King with the dilatory anfwer I received from my Lord De puty*, and did endeavour to declare the misfortune and ruin that would fpeedily fall upon me thereby, with many other circum ftances, as I thought effedual ; but I find I was fo failing in my intended expreffions, that I cannot give you a particular account of his Majefty's gracious intentions towards me. Finding my brother "j* upon his return to Berwick, I refolved to lay afide all private inte refts, and with my beft endeavours to attend a fervice of that im portance. It may be eafy work for my Lord Deputy, with his power and other abilities, to make large oljedions to divert his intended fa vours; but after three years time I cannot imagine what new ones- can arife ; but this I will affirm upon my life, that I require nothing * Wentworth, created Earl of Straftbrde about the end of this year,- % Earl of EiTex- bufc 126 STATE PAPERS. v- CHARLES but what is due to me, both in honour and juftice ; and already, Ji9. fince my father's death, I have fpent in the King's fervice, and been ~* — ""' prejudiced by this delay, above fixteen thoufand pounds/ which, with my former engagements, may well fink a better fortune than mine. Sir, lam confident his Majefty will have a careful regard of me; and I am no lefs'affured of your favour, having already found the good effeds thereof; and the prefent condition Lam in, is fo well known unto you, that it were a needlefs repetition to fay any more, but that there is no poffibility to preferve me from ruin, but his Majefty's fpeedy diredion to have his former commands put in exe cution, without further difpute or delay. And, if it .do not appear to be too great a prefumption, I fhould humbly beg that it might be expreft, in a line or two by his own royal hand ; and if it fhall hereafter really appear, that any thing now confirmed unto me, fhall be of more advantage to his fervice to be otherwife difpofed, I fhall hereafter moft dutifully and readily refign or exchange them, upon any conditions that his Majefty fhall think fit to impofe, upon me. But if it be my deftiny not to find a prefervation where I thought 'myfelf fecure, I had rather it fhould fall upon myfelf than fome others, having a mind prepared to bear all misfortunes, and a fide lity not to be fhaken ; and which is fo hereditary a right fettled in ;me, that no power nor fpleen can rob me of it. Hafte, and many" confufed thoughts, muft plead my pardon for all faults herein. Sir, without further ceremony, you fhall ever conftantly find me Your moft thankful and affured friend and fervant, the9thIf°Akprii, l639. ' St' Albans and ClaNRICARDE * *T>is Lord was a perfon of honour good Letters, vol. ii. p. ,„.) Notwithftanding fenfe, and loyaity. The Earl of Straftbrde fi,;.„ r , „ "^"S . , , /. /,, . . lduurae this very fevere treatment, he afted with zeal (who made himfelf more perfonal enemies ;„ j-fp' . „r fi n ,¦«¦ „ . \ ¦ -h j-js r j i ¦ i i. defence of the Enghftuntereft, a°-ainft the than any mimfter ever did ufed him hardly; jrilh „M, • ,A f , „ , ' ?, , i ¦ r j i /-.•.¦ . xrunreDeis in 104.1, &c. ; and had he been having formed a plan of getting his eftate in- i,.M(, ^ »j ,, , u,"u« Deen . .u u A j • •¦ , better Tupported, would have done more to the crown, , by declaring. his patents and fervice • grants void, or voidable. (See Straftbrd*e's If STATE PAPERS, 127 If your leifure will permit, it will add much to your favours, to charles let me hear fomething from you; for all my private affairs now are 1639. at a ftay, and from Berwick I intend a difpatch thither. The Same to the Same^ Sir, "DEING to intreat the favour, by your means to have this in- Hth April, clofed fafely and fpeedily conveyed, I held it a neceffary part of my refpeds, to give you fome information of affairs here, though it be an addition of trouble to you, receiving them more exadly from far better hands. My brother of Effex arrived here upon Good Friday night, accompanied with divers volunteers, but not many of quality, b'efides my Lord of Faulkland, and. my Lord Garrat. We~ have yet met with no enemies, but what are conftant to this place,. fnow, hail, and violent northern winds, which keep back the main* part of our viduals and munition. Our garrifon confifts of 2500 men, or thereabouts, befides volunteers, their horfe troops, and fer vants, and fourteen pieces of ordnance. We are confident to make rgood this place againft all forces that can come from Scotland, until Ae King's army be ready, which will not be fo fopn as expeded, or -my Lord of Lindfay's arrival, who is defigned for this government* We fhall have fome leifure to repair the ruins that time and negled .have wrought here; General Lefley being not yet returned to -Edinburgh firice Aberdeen was rendered to him, without a blow . ffruck, according to former example ; and that by his learning and: oratory, he hath wrought upon the tender confcience of , Marquis- of Huntley to fwear the Covenant ; by which you may. know how "the 3000 arms, fent to his affiftance, will be employed. There is a> fpeech that all differences will be accorded between, his Majefty and: hisr 128 STATE PAPERS.. CHARLES hJs good fiibjeds of Scotland ; but that being above our underftand- l63.9« ing here, we are only to attend our charge. I do not find that their force or ability is anfwerable to former reports, they relying moft upon the differences and fuppofed prefent defeds of this kingdom. I am in expedation to hear from court what will become of my unfortunate affairs, leaving a letter behind me for Mr. Treafurer f, who was not then come thither, I have too far enlarged your ^rouble, and will therefore avoid to mention any particulars of my own, more than to repeat the conftant profeffion of being Your moft affured friend to ferve you, Eafer-da' ST' AlBANS ana CLANR I CARDE. SSthMay. Countefs of Weftmorland to Francis Windebank. jyjY nobleft friend, into whofe hands I dare put my life, and to meddle in things above us, is dangerous ; but my inte- reft, and the children unborn, enforceth me to utter my mind. The Scots have moft infolently urged his Majefty to this unfupportable -way of revenge, which feems yet nothing at all to work upon them, as men without the fear of God, as well as of their lawful King, yet not without fhews fometimes of defiring reconciliation ; -which fome, tendering Only the King's honour (which, I confefs., is deeply concern ed to reduce them totally to his will), it feems, counfel him altogether to rejed. But if his Majefty cannot be repaired by this way, without hazard to his State, they may have more thanks in the end, both of the King and this kingdom, who advife to lay hold of every overture of peace, though, for the time, his Majefty, out of his love toboth, do a little more fuffer, in point of honour, than right or t Sir H. Var% 9 - reafon STATE PAPERS. 120 reafon requires; and, in true policy, may bring to pafs, without ha- charles zard, that which force cannot do at prefent, but with hazard. The l639- Scots have many fpies which flock about the King; and they can not but know how the ftate of this kingdom ftands, and be encou raged ; knowing how uncertainly a war will be maintained out of prerogative, impofirion, and voluntary contributions. They know our divifions, and the ftrength of our combinations ; and that they have a party amongft us, and that we have none amongft them ; and they are a people that can live of nothing, and we that can want nothing, without difcontentment and mutinying; and our men and horfes fo unufed to war, that if his Majefty fhould attempt any thing, before they be better exercifed, the difhonour is likely to be increafed, and the confequence, the ruin of this king dom. When things are brought to an ill pafs, a bad compofition is better than a worfe. The King trufts and employs men of that nation, and you fee how fome of them have ferved him ; and ftill things go from bad to worfe, and I am perfuaded, that they will not mend, till all things only for accommodation be taken hold of; paffing by things which aggravate, and employing temperate men of our own nation, upon meetings of treaties ; by which it may appear, his Majefty intends to govern no other ways but by the laws of that kingdom, t;he contrary whereof they have divulged to be the caufe of their wicked rebellion. And if they and the world may be fatisfied in that, it will be his. Majefty's great honour to pafs by and pardon what is paft; not by compulfion, but out of his abundant love to both kingdoms, over whom God made him a father. They fay, the women in Scotland are the chief ftirrers of this war. I think it not fo fhameful for women of England to wifh well to thefe nations, whether it be byword or writing; yet, I pray you, ,when you have read this letter, to burn it, that it may not rife up in any body's judgment but yours, againft me, to tax my zeal with ignorance or arrogance, who would willingly facrrficemy own Vol. II, S life 130 STATEPAPERS. CHARLES iife t0 the quenching of this fire; and I humbly pray God fo to 1639. inflame all you, whom he hath fet in place of Council, that you may advife, without fear of difpleafing, for the peace of this kingdom J and fo to his bleffing I refer it, and reft Your true friend and humble fervant, Apthorp, M. Westmorland *. 6th of -May, 1639. Pacif cation of Berwick. At his Majefty's camp,, the 8th of June, 1639, TJTIS Majefty having underftood ofthe obedience of the petitiony ers T in reading his proclamation, as was commanded them-, is gracioufly pleafed fofar to condefcend unto their petition, as to admit fome of them to repair to his Majefty's camp, upon Monday next, at eight of the clock in the morning, at the Lord General's tent; where they* fhall find fix perfons of honour and truft, afppointed by his Majefty, to hear their humble defires. , John Coke. But this reference under Mr. Secretary Coke's hand, being nor held fufficient to affure the fafety of the Commiffioners ;. his Ma jefty was again folicited to fign their fafe-condud under his own hand. Whereupon the felf-fame form, which had been figned by Mr. Secretary Coke [mutatis mutandis) was again returned them upon Sunday night June 9th, figned by his Majefty. By which, efteem- * The writer of this very fenfible and pru- f The Scotch petition prefented to life dent letter was Mary, fole daughter and Majefty by the Earl of Dumfermline on the. heirefs of Sir A. Mildmay, of Apthorpe, in 7th of June, and his Majefty's anfwer re- Northamptonftrire. She was wife to Sir turned the fame night by Sir Edward Ver- Francis Fane, Lord Defpericer, , created Earl ney,. Knight Marihal, being already printed of Weftmorland, by James I. . in Rulhworth, are here; omitted^ in S STAT,E PAPERS, 131 ing- themfelves affured, the Scottifh Commiffioners, upon June 10th, CHARLES fent word of their coming; which accordingly they did June nth, 1639. being Tuefday, about 10 in the morning, repairing to the tent of the Lord General*. News, heing brought of their coming, his Excellency, with the reft; of the Englifh Commiffioners, went fome twenty paces from the tent doorj to receive them. His Excellency's tent was guarded by his own troop of horfe, then led by Sir John Digby ; and his own company of foot, commanded by Sir John Beaumont ; as alfo by the troops of dragoons of Sir Francis Howard, and Capt. Vaughan, both commanded by Col. Trafford, colonel ofthe dragoons. His. excellency's tent was alfo guarded round about by divers gentlemen, that trailed pikes in his own regiment, that no man might come within the length or compafs of the cords, or fo near as to hearken. Council at his Excellency the Lord General's tent, the nth of June, 1639. Prefent. His Majesty-, The Lord General, Earl of Salifbury, . Earl of Effex, Earl of Berkfhire, Earl of Holland, Mr. Treafurer. Mr. Secretary Coke, Earl of Rcthes, Lord of Loudon, Earl of Dumfermline, - Sheriff of Tiviotdale. All thefe Commiffioners being fet in the room of confultation, my Lord General began to fpeak. Whereupon inftantly_ his Ma jefty came in, unexpeded peradventure to the Scottifh Commiffi oners.; who being fet, all four, on one fide, with their backs to the tent door, his Majefty paffed by them without taking notice of them, * EarJ of Arundel. S 2 neither I32 STATE PAPERS, CHARLES neither did they kneel, only the Earl of Rothes made fome offer, as ,a juf- tification of all their adions* The King. My Lord, you go the wrong way in feeking to juftify yourfelves- and adions ; for though. I am not come hither with any purpofe to- aggravate your offences, but to make the fairefi conftrudion of them that they may bear, and lay afide all differences; yet, if you ftand upon your juftification, I fhall not command but where lam fure to be obeyed._ Rothes. Our coming is not to juftify our adions, or to capitulate, but to fubmit ourfelves to the cenfure of your Majefty ; if fo be we have com mitted any thing contrary to the laws and cuftoms of our country.. The STATE PAPERS. *33 ' V The King. charles, I never took upon me to give end to any difference, but. where 1639. both parties firft fubmitted themfelves unto my cenfure ; which, if you will do, I fhall do you juftice to the utmoft of my knowledge,. without partiality. :y - Rothes. Our religion and confcience is now in queftion, which ought to receive another trial. Befides this, neither have, we power of our felves to conclude any thing, but to reprefent it to our fellows. The King, If you have no power to fubmit it to my judgment, go on with> your juftification. Rothes: This is It which we defire, that thereby the fubjeds of both king doms may come to the truth of our adions.; for ye know not the reafon of our adions,. nor we of yours. The King: Sure I am, you are never able to juftify all your adions ; the beft way therefore were, to take my word, and to fubmit all unto* my judgment. Rothes. We have reafon to defire liberty for our public juftification, feeing our caufe hath received fo much wrong, both in the foundation,, re- Iation> and in the whole carriage of the bufinefs, Lottdom- Since your Majefty is pleafed to diflike the way of j unification^ we therefore will defert it; for our purpofe is no other but to enjoy the freedom of that religion, which we know your Majefty and your kingdom do profefs ; and to prevent all fuch innova tions as be contrary to the laws of the kingdom, and all altera tions of that relgion which ive profefs. Which finding ourfelves likely to be deprived of, we have taken- this courfe,. wherein we have ,34 STATE PAPERS. CHARLES 'have not behaved ourfelves, nor .proceeded, any otherwife than be- .1659. cometh loyal fubjeds ; and at we are bound -to give account to the high God of heaven, our fole defires are, that what is point of reli gion may be judged by the pradice of -the church eftablifhed in that kingdom ; wherein we feek God's honour in the firft place. The King. Here his Majefty interrupted this long intended declaration, fay ing, That he would neither anfwer any propofition which they made, nor receive any, but in writing. Then they withdrew themfelves to -a fide table, and wrote this following fupplication. ' ?"."; .ott .'¦ The humble defires of his. Majefty's fubjeds in Scotland. Firft, It is our humble defire, that his Majefty would be graci oufly pleafed to affure us, that the ads for the late affembly holden at Glafgow, by his Majefty's indidion, fhall be ratified by the enfu- ing Parliament to be. holden at Edinburgh, July 23d, fince the peace •of the kirk and kingdom cannot admit farther prorogation. f'»; Secondly, That his Majefty, from his tender care of the prefer vation of our religion and laws, will be gracioufly pleafed to declare and affure that it is his will, that all matters ecclefiaftical be deter- mined by the affembly of the kirk, and matters civil, by Parlia ment ; which, for his Majefty's , honour, and keeping peace and order among his fubjeds, in the time of his Majefty's perfonal abfence, would be holden at fet times, once in two or three years. Thirdly, That a bleffed pacification may be fpeedily brought, about,) and his Majefty's fubjeds may be fecured, our humble defire is, that his Majefty's fhips, and forces by land, be recalled : That all perfons, fhips and goods arrefted, be reftored, and we made faft? from invafion : And that all excommunicate perfons,, , incendiaries, and informers againft the kingdom (who have out of malice caufed 9 thefe STATE PAPERS. 135 thefe commotions for their own private ends) be returned, to fuffer charles. their deferved cenfure and punifhment ; and fome other points, as 1639. may beft conduce to this happy pacification. - *- As thefe are our humble defires, fo it is our grief, that his Ma jefty fhould have been provoked to wrath againft us, his moft hum ble and loving fubjeds , and fhall be our delight, upon his Majefty's gracious affurance of the prefervation of our religion and laws, to give example to others, of all civil and temporal obedience, which can be required or expeded of loyal fubjeds. «¦ ¦'¦>¦ The King. This fupplication being preferited and read", his Majefty faid, he could give no fudden anfwer to it; fubjoining, here you have "pre- - fented your defires ; as much- as to fay, Give us all we defire ; which, if no other, than fettling of your religion and laws eftablifhed, I never had other intentions than to fettle them. His Majefty withal told them, that their propofitions were a little too rude at the firft. 0.1 r' ' -jot •,' ui' '"'rd Loudon. : We defire your Majefty, that our grounds laid down, may receive- the moft favourable conftrudion. The King. I prtiteft I have no intention to furprize you, but Iwj thai defire you to confider, how you ftand too ftridly upon -your propofitions* Here his Majefty again protefted, that he intended hot to alter any thing,! either in their laws or religion, that had been fettled by fo- vereign authority. Neither will I, faith he, at all encroach upon yout laws by my prerogative; but the queftion will be at laft, Who- fhalfbe the judge of the meaning of thofe laws ? His Majefty thens farther told them, that their pretences were fair, but their adions . otherwife. ;,.;''¦ Rothes. ¦ i36 STATE P^A P E R S. Rothes. We defire to be judged by the written word of * he laws. Here he proceeded in juftifying the affembly at Glafgow. The King. You cannot exped the ratification of that affembly, feeing the eledion of the members of it were not lawful, nor was there any free choice of «hem. f-- Rothes. There was nothing done in it, which was not anfwerable to the conftitutions of the church. Adding, That there is no other way for fettling differences in religion, but by fuch an aflembly of the kirk. The King. That affembly was neither free nor lawful, and fo confequently the proceedings could not be lawful. But when I fay one thing* and you another, who fhall judge ? Rothes. The book of the affembly fhall be brought to your Majefty to judge ; wherein your Majefty fhall not find any thing conftituted, but what fhall be warranted by other General Affemblies. Loudon. f Here the Lord Loudon began to make a relation of the nature of the affembly, faying, How that in every parifh there is a prefbyter, and a lay elder who in every affembly is joined with the minifter. And this order he affirmed to be fo fettled by the reformation, as is to be found in the book of difcipline, which is authentic of itfelf and ever heretofore received, without needing to be confirmed by ad of Parliament, it having been continually obferved, as valid enough of itfelf, though it had not fo been ratified. The STATE PAPERS. 137 CHARLES I. The King. The book of difcipline was never ratified, either by King or Par liament ; but ever rejeded by them. Befides this, there were never in any affembly, fo many lay elders as in this. Rothes. Lay elders have been in all affemblies, and, in fome, more than of the clergy. And in this affembly, every lay elder was fo well inftruded, as that he could give judgment of any one point, which fhould be called in queftion before them. The King;. To affirm thus much of a truth, feems very ridiculous ; namely, that every illiterate perfon fhould be able to be a judge of faith and religion. Which yet, his Majefty faid, was very convenient and agreeable- to their difpofition; for by that means they might chufe their own religion. Loudon. Here this Lord began by feveral arguments, to juftify that af fembly, affirming it to have power to punifh any offences. Againft this his Majefty excellently difputed; and if any reafon would have fatisfied them, they might there have been fatisfied. But the time being far paffed (for by this time it was full one o'clock) the Lonl Lou don defired his Majefty to know what grounds they fhould go upon. The King. Do you get power to know what your full defire is, with your reafons for it. Lay down alfo, that you defire nothing but ti;r» fettling of your laws and religion ; and that you acknowledge mv Sovereignty, and will yield me all temporal and civil obedience. Loudon. We befeech your Majefty, we may have a note for our diredion. The King. It is not fit for us to give it, but for you to fay what you defire. Vol. II. T Loudon. i38 STATE PAPERS. CHARLES - Loudon. 1639. Our defires are, to enjoy our liberties, according to the laws. Rothes. Then that Earl offered to prove, that there had been nothing done in that general affembly contrary, to the laws. Loudon. At length, this Lord, by his Majefty's commandment, drew a note, to this purpofe, how that their defires were only to enjoy their religion and liberty, according to the ecclefiaftical and civil laws of that kingdom ; and to clear the particular grounds oftfuch their defires ; and what other things proved, not fo, they were not to infift upon them. The King. I have all this while difcourfed with difadvantage, feeing what I fay, I am obliged to-make good; but ye are men of honour too; and therefore, whatever ye affent unto, if others refufe, ye are alfo obliged to make it good. Then, Thurfday morning being appointed for a fecond meeting, his Majefty went to his pavilion to dinner. All the Commiffioners were feafted by his Excellency. After dinner nothing was publicly' debated ; only fome private conferences and difcourfes- paffed for a while betwixt feveral parties; for within an hour, or little more, after dinner, the Scottifh Commiffioners departed to their camp at Dunce. The note, forementioned to be drawn by the Lord Loudon, con taining their humble defires, was this which followeth, and was prefented the fame nth of June. Memorandum : Written by the Lord Loudon's own hand. -'* That our defires are only for the enjoying of our religion and " liberty, according to the ecclefiaftical and civil laws of his Ma- " jelly's kingdom. " To STATE PAPERS. i39 " To clear, by fufficient grounds, that the particulars which we CHARLES " humbly crave, are fuch ; and fliall not infift to crave any point 163 . " which is not fo warranted ; and that we humbly offer all civil and For armour, they have pikes and mufkets for about 30,600 men, new and old, with that which came fince the pacification. t * Cannon, they have fix brafs demi culverina, that came with the -faid. arms. They will have ofthe fmall iron ordnance, with what is in their fhips, about fifty ; and they fay the Earl of Seaforth hath one hundred fmall iron pieces, that they have bought from him in the north, a hundred miles from Aberdeen; thofe, with fourteen or fifteen-field pieces, is all I know of. Balmerino had about two hundred mufkets and bandeliers with powder, which came from Holland about a month fince. For flap ping, they have, within the firth, about eighty fail, all betwixt forty and one hundred and twenty ton ; except two or three, which will extend to about fix hundred ton ; fome carry two, fome four and fome fix fmall iron pieces ; they are all of the Yarmouth and Holland building. For monies, they were exceeding bare, till thefe two fhips ar rived from Spain, about fourteen days ago. Samuel Lockhart, Sir James Lockhart's brother, knows what money they had ; he was in Cadiz, and. came merchant of one of them ; he- is here in London. I do not believe there was 10,000 I. in the whole kingdom before except fome that is hoarded up.^ It muft be a great fcarcity when one STATE PAPERS, 14s one of the beft Lords of the covenant, offered his own bond and two CHARLES fureties, and could not have 250 1. to borrow. 1639-40, The Englifh merchants were ever fince the pacification there, and have brought away great ftores of monies ; but they make ufe of his Majefty's mint-houfe, which fhould not be, during thefe trou bles ; at leaft, it were moft convenient the irons were removed to the caftle ; then, they will not give in their plate to coin, as they did laft year. And for animating this country to follow his Majefty, and ftand in their own defence, and keep out invaders, and beftow both their means and lives for the liberty of them and their pofterity ; there is no way fo good, as to fend general information to all the Minifters- within this kingdom, and to let all fee what the Scots intend, thajt is, fudden invafion ; and let them know, that in former ages their divifions and fecurity have made them fubjed to divers foreign na tions ; and on the contrary, when they followed freely to their kings, to defend them, their fame founded through all the world. And becaufe there be divers Scots covenanters about Court, who give intelligence (both by the ordinary, and pollers and journiers for Scotland) a courfe fhould be taken that the letters may be opened ; and that the Governor of Berwick may give order for fome ftrid fearching and examining the Scots travellers ; for many that go up and down England, with Scots linen, &c fcatter and fow errors, divifions, and diffenfions in the hearts of his Majefty's fubjeds, which fhould be prevented ; and the Covenanters about Court fhould be difcharged. Vol. II. U r46 STATE iPAPER S. CHARLES I. 1640. Secretary Windebanke to the_ Lord Conway. My Lord, 14th Auguft." ,0 IS Majefty having underftood from a very good hand, that the rebels of Scotland have a defign upon the town of Newcaftle, and in his wifdom confidering the dangerous blow, that. the- taking of a place of that importance would give to his affairs, hath fe rioufly advifed upon a means to prevent it ; and therefore hath com manded me to fignify his pleafure unto your Lordfhip, that you, immediately upon view of the hills that command the town toward 'Scotland, and likewife any, other hill N or place, from whence the town may be battered or incommodated by the enemy, do forth with caufe redoubts to be ereded, and lines.and trenches to, be drawn from one "redoubt to another, and fufficient numbers-of men to be put into thofe redoubts and fortifications, for the defence and fecur* ing of thofe places. And if peradventure you are not-furhifhed with ready monies for- fuch a work, his Majefty's pleafure is, thatyour -Lordfhip will caufe fuch inhabitants of the town, as you fhall think fit (feeing their own fafeties are fo much concerned herein) to labour and work in thefe fortifications, and to haften , the perfeding of them ; for which,; his Majefty is pleafed to promife they fhall receive, out of the fupply of monies that fhall be fent thither, fuch fatisfadion as fhall be fittings His Majefty expeds your Lordfhip's diligences herein, according to the importance of the bufinefs, and a fpeedy account of your proceedings, and of the execution of thefe his commandments. The Lord General * being not well, his Majefty hath com manded me to give your Lordfliip thefe orders ; and this is all I * Earl of Northumberland. X . have STATE PAPERS. H7 have in commiffion from his Majefty; which referring to your CHARLES Lordfhip's wifdom, I reft, &c. 1640. Upon the receipt of your Lordfhip's of the 10th, I direded an anfwer. to you the laft night, with other commandments from his Majefty. Minutes of Cabinet Council. i London, Auguft 16th, 1640. His Maje/fy. J7RO POSED, His own going to-morrow. ,. g. Mr. Comptroller *. Propofed, That it fhpuld be confidered whether his Majefty fhall not come fhort to do any good, if they f come in fo fuddenly ; and then, whether it may not be dangerous to his Majefty; to forfake thefe parts in this conjun,dure. Every Lord Lieutenant' to go into his own fhjre, and, to have the trained bands in a readinefs, whenfoever his Majefty fhall give 'warning. Lord Keeper J. He will not fpeak of his Majefty's going, it is fo determined; but if he do go, not only the trained bands,* but the whole kingdom is bound in perfon and eftate to ferve : This, Hqftm, and- Croke, in cafe, of invafon. * Sir Thomas Jermyn. lived the civil war ; was a judge of the Regi- t The Scots. cides in. 1660; and after, that, heard of no t Finch. He was an artful courtier, and more. eloquent fpea^ejv He efcaped abroad ; out- Us His ' 148 STATE PAPERS/ CHARLES } j;.s Majefty will go drredly to York, and ftay but one night upon 1640. the way, and there he fliall certainly know what the enemy does; and he will govern himfelf according to the occafion. No honour againft the rebels. He will be careful what to do. The trained bands will rife the more willingly for his Majefty's prefence j though they will rife willingly with the Lord Lieutenant. Holland and Salijbury *. What, if the country will refufe upon their own charge ? Lord Lyttleton f . By the commiffion of array ^ they have gone upon the charges of the county; but pofitively, upon the fudden, he dares not give an opinion. Lord Keeper. By the commiflion of array, they are bound at their own charges \ yet fome doubts have been made, in cafe of going out of their own counties. .? * He is of opinion, that whofoever is of ability, ought to ferve, when the King goes in pejcfon. Whether for wages, is the queftion. His Majefty means inftantly to go to York. He does not exped to be advifed to it;, but if good reafon be not fhewn to the con trary, he will do' it. Lord Marquis of Hamilton. If it be only the defence of Newcaftle, he thinks it may be done without the King. The King. Thinks, if he come there, he fhall do more than defend New caftle ; but if they be not come in, he thinks he fhall ftay them ; if they be, to cut off provifions from them ; and this, without Ibfing • Objections made by thefe two Lords. i Sir E. Lyttleton, Lord Chief Juftice of .Common Pkas, afterwards Lord Keeper. any STA-TE' PAPERS. ' 14$ any man's life. He thinks he fhall be fafer there than here, if Charles? they fhould take Newcaftle ; and he thinks he fkall the rather fecure 1640. his wife and children. Earl Holland. Whether the King have money when he fhall come there ? The King. Is fure to have money for a great while, and fhall have more if he go himfelf, than if he ftay. Lord Keeper. What is to be done for advancement of this refolution I He thinks. the fubjed will not be in fo good temper J as under the King. The King. Thinks he fhall fhew them, that this pamphlet is not true: If he fit ftill, it will encourage them, and difhonour his fervants here j, efpecially now the Lord General is not well. Lord Lieutenant"^. It is a charge received with too much heat, to be entertained fo fuddenly. He fpeaks only to the time. He is not fatisfied that there is fo inftant a danger of the lofs of Newcaftle %» The only thing is, to march up the men to Newcaftle, and fo iprig as that may be done, it is not important whether'fix or eight days. The Lord Conway to take the trained bands of Durham ; and the two thoufand five hundred horfe to be in readinefs ; till then, his Majefty's going is not neceffary. He neither conceives the danger of Newcaftle fo great, nor that they will come in j and if they fhould, it would not be the \ Eatl of Straffordc. J Lord S:raffor He had fpoken with the Queen. She will ftay here, until the plague be relented,, and then to Hampton Court. The Lords to attend, her Majefty. Letters to bq •written , to the Lords Lieutenants to hp figned by his Majejly ; commiflipns of array to them, and to the Sheriffs jointly and feverally. A declaration againft thofe that have received and fpread the laft pamphlet. * The King judged much better than Lord Strafforde. f So the M S. It may be either Lord Marjhal, or Lord Mar. of Hamilton. The STATE PAPERS. i5i The Lord Mayor and Sheriffs to br here on Tuefday. charlEs Provoft Marfhall. The billetted foldiers. ,640. Lord 'Archbifljop Canterbury. Some minifters have convened to confider, whether the oath* fhall be taken. Whether the L. B. f fliall exped tilt the King be petitioned ; or Whether they fhall take an order with thofe that refufe the oath ? Some petitions are coming already, as Mr. Seymour and others. The oa'th to be tendered before November. The King anfwered, Let it alone to Odober, and if he give not order to the contrary, they muft then tender it. In the mean time, thofe that are to be preferred to livings, to have it tendered. Prevent any meetings and coming to the King with' petitions, as much as may be. If his Majefty will give the Lord Archbifhop a difpenfation %, he will be fatisfied. If there be caufe, the king will give a difpenfation. !Mr. Treafurer Vane || to Secretary Windebanke. Right Honourable, OIS Majefty arriving here laft: night, met divers difpatches from 23d Auguft. the North bearing the paffage ,of the Scotch army over the Tweed, on Thurfday laft, as you will fee by the two enclofed copies-; the fame adyertifement was confirmed from other hands ; and one who faw them pafs arrived, here,, and relates, that they con tinued paffing from four in the afternoon till the next morning, ta * Qath of the new 'canons. \ Lords Bilhops. J! Not to exaft'tbe oath. ' . \ Sir Henry Vane was Treafurer of the Houfehold, as well as Secretary of State. 5 the 1/2 STATE PAPERS. charles tr,e number (as is conceived) of 1 2,006 men ; that 6,000 more were 1640. to follow, and other 4,000 quartered not far from them, to pafs as occafion fhould require. Upon thefe advertifements, ' letters have been prefently written to the Lord Conway, Sir John Gonyers, Sir Jacob Afhley, and other commanders on the frontiers, for to pre pare againft the Rebels farther paffage into this kingdom. The Lord Conway is already marched with a thoufand horfe, and as many mufqueteers, for to make head, and give fome oppofition, whilft our troops gather into a body ; and that Sir Jacob Afhley fortify and enquarter with the foot he hath, near Newcaftle, on Nor thumberland fide, in cafe they fhould attempt any thing on that town. His Majefty hath given order for the raifing of the trained bands of this country, with fuch a train of artillery as can for the prefent be made ready; for the furthering of which defign, it is refolved to remain here three or four days, and then march in the head of them to join with the reft. The Bifhop of Durham hath alfo diredions for the difpofing of the trained bands, and fuch other ftrength as can be raifed in that county, for the fecuring of all- the paffes therein ; and to take order, that neceffary provisions be brought in for the fupply of thofe of this county, in their march through the Bifhoprick, that no diforders may happen by want thereof. The Lord Clifford is going into Weftmorland, tp draw there fuch forces as he can unto a head, for to be ready upon all occafions ; and letters are gone to the Deputy Lieutenants of Cumber land and Northumberland, for to put their counties alfo in ftate to defend the paffages. You fhall receive here enclofed, a letter from his Majefty for the Queen. You will be pleafed to give her knowledge of this difpatch in the firft place ; and fo to quicken the Lords of the finances, and thofe principally entrufted with his Majefty's affairs, that there may be no want of money, at leaft that we may have fupplies for the army timely ; whatfoever letters may have been written by way, ' in his * Majefty'e STATE PAPERS, . 153 MAjefty's journey to^York, yet you fee I am hot, nor have been, de- charles ceived in my intelligence of the Scots, from the beginning. God fend . 1610. t r Jt unity amongft ourfelves, and I fhall lefs apprehendahy thing the Rebels can do. I am very forry for my Lord Lieutenant's * abfense ; and the King tells me, he cannot be here fooner than Wednefdaty night. His Majefty told me of the difpatch you fent him, arid that to the Marquis in my abfence ; that he had returned it to you apo- filled with his diredion ; I fhall by the next fay fome^bing to you of Witherings which I have difcovered in the way, as I came down ; but fuch is at'pfefent the Condition of his Majefty's- affairs, that I have little leifure, to think of any thing that concerns myfelf; how ever I am, Your Honour's, &c. H. Vane. m The Same to the Same. Right Honourable, AS I was clofing the great pacquet, and yours fealed, this piece of 23d Auguft intelligence was brought unto me, the copy whereof I now fend you. I do riot believe they are 40,000 ftrbrtg ; but they may be betwixt 20, and 30,06© horfe and footf; they certainly lay at Millfield, two or three miles from iriy Lord Gray's houfe at Chilling- ham, on Friday night laft. They are now fourteen miles from Alnwicke ; and had they not been hindered by great rains that fell on Saturday, I do much apprehend they, would have been at New caftle before we fhould have been ready for them. You, and my * Lord Strafforde. f This was an altlaiing force for Scotland aldue to raife, take it at the leweft. Vol. II. X Lords J54 STATE PAPERS. charles Lords in the South, fhould do well to beftir yourfelves for money* 1640. and in time to think how to be provided to raife an army in the South ; though I hope there will be no caufe : for my opinion is> the Scots will put on their point, if they get one advantage. I * befeech you prefent my fervice to my Lord Marfhal, and tell him, by the next he fhall hear from me more of this fubjed. God fpeed his Majefty and his armies well, and fend us a happy meeting. And fo I reft Your Honour's moft humble fervant,. 23d Auguft,' 1640.. H. Vane.. 21 ft Auguft. Copy of the Lord Conway s Letter to Mr. Treafurer, fent to the Lord Cottington, by the Lord Lieutenant of Ire land.. Mr. Treafurer, A\.guft 21^ 1640. "VTOW comes one to me, who tells me, that the Scotch army-is- marching in England ; they were at one o'clock at a little village over*againft Ford Caftle, they were marching towards. Woller ; and it is thought that they will quarter, this night at Mid- dleton Hall, I am going towards them, and am to march to morrow morning by three of the clock. If we are both thus diligent,. we may meet before. long. So I reft.. P. S. I fend the letter of Sir John Clavering, which I received1 when I. had writ this; his man that brought it,, was in their army. 9 Diverts STATE PAPERS." 155 Divers Englifh were there. They hinder none from coming pr going ; charles but if any ride from them, they endeavour to take him. He thinks 1640. that they will quarter this night at Woller ; if they purpofe to come ""v- to Newcaftle, they maybe there, as the man thinks, by Tuefday ; fo that they will be there as foon as the foldiers that come out of Yorkfhire, &c. Morpeth, the 21ft Auguft, 1640. Sir H. Vane to Windebanke. . X -., . 4 ; Sir, VOUR difpatch of the 2 2d, I received yefterday morning at 25th Auguft, eight of- the clock, which, as foon as his Majefty had read, he gave unto me, and with it, order to make you anfwer to the feveral points therein contained that were neceffary. Firft, con cerning the Lord Mayor's anfwer, in the name of the city, both fpr prefent and loan ; it was no other than his Majefty expeded ; and for that of the Eaft India bufinefs, he leaves it to the com mittee's wifdom and dexterity ; out of which he hopes for a good effed, not out ofthe affedions of thofe they have to deal withal. Touching the 8,©oo pounds worth of powder, the city propofes now to buy, his Majefty is of the fame opinion with the Lords. For the hundred barrels you mention, it is true, that fuch a propofition was iffued by his Majefty's warrant, when the diftemper firft began at Lambeth, at my Lord Mayor's fuit, on the behalf of the city, but they were to pay for the fame. If you fpeak with my Lord Mayor and Mr. Wifeman, they will not deny it, I prefume ; and therefore it is his Majefty's pleafure, that the Lord Treafurer call for the monies from them, for the fame ; and for what you reprefent X % concerning' ¦fa'.v 156 STAT 'E PAPERS. charles conce,ning the enhancing of the coin, his Majefty approves there 1640. folution the Lords of the Committee have taken therein- » . Having given you account, to the particular points his Majefty held neceffary, in your difpatch ; I (ball acquaint you bow at prefent the ftate of his Majefty's afB»irs is in thefe parts; and thai; you may the better know the ftrength of the rebels now marching in England, I fliall refer you to a letter of the Lord Conway, and a copy of one to the Lord Marquis, from the Lord Loudon ; both which ye fhall receive here enclofed ; by. which alfo you will under ftand the ftate of Newcaftle, and what I fent you in my laft, if the rebels ufe diligence and march thither (which nothing hitherto hath retarded, but the great waters which fell on Saturday laft) it is con ceived in danger. Sir Jacob Afhley hath done all that a gallant man could do, to put -the town in a defence; the Mayor- and governors in this exigent, fpare neither their purfes, hands; or any thing elfe, wherein they may aflift. The county of Durham hath raifed all their trained bands, horfe and foot, and two thpufand men mpre at their own charge* to defend the Tyne water. This is the condition of thefe parts j which is conceived by his Majefty not to be fecure, confidering the ftrength of the rebels, and the little time they may peradventure give unto Newcaftle* if that be their defigux His Majefty yefterday fpake with the Lords* Colonels, and Gen tlemen of this county, to difpofe them to rife with all the power and force of the fame, to march to the river of Tees, being their confines, to defend the paffes upon the fame ; offering himfelf to fead them ; and here I muft tell you, had not his Majefty been here in perfon, I do not conceive it had been poffible to have induced this county to have rifen.by any other means; fo great was the dif- /temper when his Majefty arrived here, And by this you fee, that the perfon of a King is always worth 20,000 men at a pinch. This force, his Majefty hopes to have marching by the 3d of next month* 3 .with STATE PA P K R S. 157 with a train of artillery of thirtypieces ; fo, as by this account, you CHARLES fee his Majefty hath not been idle, but moft adive and diligent. ifi4«- I am now, by his Majefty's order, fending out letters, under the fignet, to the nine fhires fouth of York, that you have already d ^patched unto, to rife with all the force they can make, to come to the confines of their feveral counties, neareft to this place, tp at tend his Majefty's farther orders. The bordering counties have had alfo their orders from his Majefty, to put themfelves into a vigorous defence. And having now given you an account how his Majefty hath paffed his time fince his coming hither, I am commanded by him tp tell you (which you are to impart to the Committee) that with out money, and that fpeedily, all thefe his Majefty's diligences will be fruftrate, and the kingdom in danger ; and therefore h? com mands that 20,000 1. be fent away upon the receipt hereof, with the treafurer of the army ; 20,000 1. more, to be lent away the week after; and that the Lords care be fuch, that now at firft there be no want of monies for the armies. This you are principally to recommend to the Lords Treafurer and Cottington, and mpft efpecially the laft ; you are to reprefent unto the Committee, from his Majefty, that incredulity, and too much defpifing of the rebels ftrength, hath brought his Majefty and State into a great ftrait, both of time and danger, which imports the good and fafety of all. This he expeds fhould be redeemed. You are, in the firft place, to, communicate this difpatch with her Majefty ; and fo much as you fliall think fit, with the Lords of the Council. And fo I reft, Your Honours mpft humble fervant, ,. L Y°rk» H. Vane. t\m 25th of Auguft, 1040. i£8 STATE PAP E RS, CHARLES I.: 1640. The Same to the Same.. Sir, 38th Auguft. T SEND you here inclofed, a letter from Sir John Conyers *, which came in my packet, but his Majefty broke it up. You fhall alfo receive the copies of two letters my Lord Conway hath fent me, of the frefheft date, by which you will fee the ftrength of the Scots ; who, befides what I fend you from him, I am juft now" advertifed, that they are marched to the Tyne-fide, and have left Newcaftle ; which, if they pafs, we fhall be put to it. I wifh thefe things had been forefeen in time ; you know what my opinion hath been long, both of their ftrength, and of a party in England. His Majeffy is endeavouring all he can, to hinder their paffage. My Lord Conway is gone with -all the horfe, and Sir Jacob Afhley with four thoufand foot, on this fide the river, to flop them ; but it is ford- able in fo many places, that it is difficult ; but we muft do our beft. My Lord Lieutenant is this day fallen very fick and ill; he pur- ppfed to have gone towards Newcaftle to-morrow; but the King hath flayed him until Saturday ; the truth Is, he Is not well. ¦ The Scots pay for all they take, unlefs they meet with a recufant, and them they plunder. They have begun with Sir William Fen- wicke, and Mr. Wray of Northumberland ; the latter, they have taken from him to a great value, and almoft undone. All the coun try in Northumberland have driven their goods away, and come into Newcaftle; which, I may tell you, runs a hazard, if 'they will come before it ; as you will fee by my Lord Conway's letter, it will run a hazard. If the Scots pafs the Tyne into the bifhopric, they will ftrike betwixt the King's army at Newcaftle and Durham, amongft the churchmen, where are alfo divers fat recufants ; where * Governor of Berwick; which town the Scots left behind them unattended. they STATE PAPERS. .159- 'they may peradventure refrefh their army; if they advance ftill on CHARLES ;fouthwardi it is then to be apprehended they have certainly a party 1640. ''amongft us. I fend you, by his Majefty's command alfo, in a paper here inclofed, divers commiffions of array to be drawn to the gentle- •meh of Yorkfhire there named. It is done by my Lord Lieute nant's advice, and therefore you are to give warrant to Mr. Attor- .ney for the drawing thereof accordingly, and to fpeed it for the- King's hand, with all poffible diligence ; or rather, becaufe it requires - hafte, let it be difpatched with one of your blanks, if it may be. ¦His Majefty intends on Saturday to remove to a place near the con fines of Yorkfhire, to a place called Croft Brigg. And fo I, reft, &c York, H. Vane- this 2 8th of Auguft, . 1 640. . The Lord Conway s Letter to Mr. Treafurer. Morpeth, 24th Auguflv r| * H E laft night came a pacquet in a black box, direded for the 24th AugufL. King's affairs, as the poft told me, from the Scotch army,; this day, a captain of horfe, as he faith upon difcontent, came from the Scotch army j he was brought in by a party of ours ; he faith, that the foot are 25,000, the horfe 4000; I have by divers, heard, that the foot is fo ftrong, but the horfe I have not heard to be more than 3000. This man faith, that thefe are all the beft horfe of Scotland taken from every part ; he faith alfo, that they do certainly exped a party in England, which may peradventure be, if the King do get a blow; they may at 'Rockenfield moor, within. four or five miles of this place, to-morrow. They deal very fubtilelyj they hurt no man in any kind ; they pay for what they take ; fo that the country doth give them all the affiftance they can. Many of the country gentlemen do come to them, entertain and feaft them ; one off 160 STATE P"A P E R S. CHARLES pf them rs Mr. Carr of Fordev. They did fend to Sir John Clavering 164°- to come to them, complaining that the people of the country did raife their prices ; that he and the gentlemen of the country would do well to put fuch order as might be equal ; becaufe that when their monies fhould be exhaUfted by their demands, they fhould not know "how to live. This, I hear, was the manner of the German war; and by this means they will bring the country into contribution. Iri my Opinion, their army is not defpicable. Newcaftle, I affure myfelf, will be defended as long as it is poffible \ and, in my opi nion, it will be beft that the horfe be about Hexham ; the paffage over the Tyne ought alfo to be defended; -hut there goes more to It than to bid it be done. If the Scots can be ftopt at the Tyne, it will be a great work ; it will be requifite that juft meafures be taken of their forces, and of ours ; and that we neither overvalue ourfelves, nor undervalue them ; they will be fo beft refilled ; and the blows which we fhall receive, will fall the lefs heavy ; but if great dili gence be not ufed, they will prevent the defence of the rivef. They march in fuch order, that there can be no advantage taken -of them; and they do (a order their affairs with the country, that they are well received. Northumberland is far from the heart, and the lofs i& not yet perceived; but their manner of proceeding here, will be the fame in other places, and will work the fame effeds. I mould be very glad to have Sir John Conyers here ; he would be of much more ufe here than at Berwick. I believe you will receive from Sir Jacob Afhley an account of Newcaftle.- I am this day returned to Morpeth, and was this morning vifited in my quarter by the Scotch horfe, who came only to difcover, therefore could not abide us; but they were very well mounted, fo that we could not overtake them. &c. The Scotch army doth this night quarter at Newtown, their horfe at Lemmaton ; they will be here to-morrow or the next day. * STATE PAPERS. 161 Lord Comvay to Mr. Treafurer. CHARLES I. 1640. I. ¦ M I J Newcaftle, Auguft 26th, 1640. 'T* H E laft night the Scotch did lodge near Morpeth ; this day 25th Auguft. they are gone by it, and are within feven miles of this place ; but it is thought that they will not come hither, but that they will pafs the river of Tyne. There was order given to caft up works againft the fords at Newborne, and two fords more. At Newborne is a regiment to defend it ; but what is that ? There are more than eight or ten places, where they may pafs. If you do not take good heed, they will be with you, the troops being divided 1 2,000 foot and 500 horfe with the King, and 10,000 foot and the horfe here. If they have a mind to take Newcaftle ; if they come to Gatefide, they may do it very quickly ; for there are no works made on that fide the river; neither could there for want of time; but I believe that they will not come hither. You fhall do well to confider well what is to be done. I will, with all the horfe, go, and, if it be poffible, flop their paffage, or hinder them ; there are 2000 foot to go with me, and four pieces of cannon ; theBifhop's * men are writ ten for, and they were warned four days ago. Having no more for this prefent, I reft, &c. • The whole army fliould have been brought to Newcaftle, to fight the Scots on paffing the Tyne. VoL. II. ,62 STATE PAPERS. CHARLES 1640. ^r> Treafurer Vane to Secretary Windebanke. Right Honourable, 29th Auguft. T TPON the 28th, about two in the afternoon, the Lord Conway having drawn out of Newcaftle two thoufand five hundred foot,. and all the horfe, marched, with two pieces of cannon, to the fouth fide of the Tyne, the Scots being on the north, with their whole army, intending to pafs the fame at Newborne. This his Majefty V forces- endeavoured to hinder, having made fome works and re trenchments, to defend our foot againft the fury of their cannon ; but the enemy had planted their artillery with fo much advantage, thalt they beat our foot out of their works ; whereupon the horfe began to pafs the water; which Commiffary Wilmot perceiving, himfelf,- wlth a Captain or two more, charged them, and fo home, that the enemy retired,; but thefe horfe not being feconded, the enemy re charged them with all their horfe. Commiffary Wilmot, in this. encounter, behaved himfelf like a gallant man, killed one or two with his own hand, and it is not certain whether he is killed or taken prifoner. Captain Vane, that gave the firft charge, "had his horfe hurt in the mouth and in the thigh, in the midft of themj his horfe being weak of his hurts, Vane fell ; but it pteafed God he recovered his horfe, and came off with fix or {even of his troop. The truth is, our horfe did not»behave themfelves well, for many of them ran away, and did not fecond thofe that were firft charged *. My Lord Conway, and the foot, with their two pieces of artillery, got into Newcaftle; our horfe, routed and in diforder, gained Durham; from whence they are commanded to retire twelve miles fouthward, to a place called Darlington, where the Lord Lieutenant is gone to meet them. That evening, the Scots paffed the river * The year before, the horfe were thought the beft part of the King's army. - 1 . and STATE PAPERS, 163 and at prefent are before Newcaftle ; by which means they have charles cut betwixt Newcaftle, where his Majefty's foot are, and his Ma- 1640. jefty ; who is at prefent at Northallerton, fourteen miles fouth of Darlington ; and it is thought by Colonel Afton, who is a gallant and experienced foldier, and but yefterday come thence, that Newcaftle cannot defend itfelf againft the force of the enemy two days. His Majefty purpofes on Monday to retire to York, and to gather what force he can, having given order to Join the horfe to him. It will be now high time for the Lords and yourfelf to confider what is fit to be advifed his Majefty; for the Scots have but too many friends in England I do much fear, and even in thefe northern parts. His Majefty hath commanded me to tell you, that you fhould haften all the officers that are reformed, to follow him with all di- ligence ; for there will be need of them amongft the trained bands. I was yefterday in the Bifhopric, fo as I miffed your packet, which I advifed fhould be delivered to my Lord Marquis in my abfence, whom I have not yet feen, nor your difpatch. I hope my next will be of a more comfortable fubjed ; for, believe me, though I conceive by report, that the lofs of men on both fides may be equal; yet the difadvantage and prejudice is very great to his Majefty's fervice, by this unhappy accident in beginning. God fend us better fuccefs; and fo refts, Your Honour's moft" /humble fervant, Northallerton, H< VANE. tins 2910 of Aaguit, 1 fi4«. v Y * 164 STATE PAPERS. CHARLES I. J4^— » The Same to the Same. Right Honourable, 3oth Auguft. J-JAVING difpatched an exprefs unto you the laft night at twelve o'clock, I did little exped I fhould have had occafion to addrefs another fo fpeedily ; the fubjed of which is both good. and ill. For Newcaftle is quitted by our army, as will appear by the letter I fend you here enclofed; by which means Newcaftle is loft, and Lefley has poffeffed himfelf thereof. But his Majefty's army thereupon took the opportunity to make their retreat towards Durham, where they lodged four miles on this fide the laft night, and have orders to ufe all poffible diligence to join themfelves to the trained bands of this county at York, where his Majefty intends to be this night ; and there to gather together all the poffible ftrength he may, to face the enemy. His Majefty hath commanded me to tell you, that he expeds the forty thoufand pound I fent to you for, by his order, according to former diredions ; and what other counfels the Lords there will give him in this exigent, for the fafety and fecuring of this kingdom, and the beating back and repelling ofthe Rebels, who are already but, too far advanced. And hereupon I rnuft tell you, it is ftrange to fee how Lefley fteals the hearts of the people in thefe northern parts. You fhall do well to think of timely remedies to be applied; left the difeafe grow incurable ; for I apprehend you are not much better in the South. Time you are not to lofe herein, left his Majefty be neceflitated to take other counfels ; for without a vigorous fupply both of men and money, thefe Rebels are come in with fo ftrong a force, and have the country where they march fo much their friend, that it will be elfe hard to pick them out of the counties and towns 3 they STATE PAPERS. i$$ they are already poffeffed of, peradventure the endangering of the charles whole. 1640. -4 Your Honour's, &c. From Northallerton, • tt tt this 30th of Auguft, 1640. n' VANE- 4 The Lord Lieutenant this day joins with the army at Darlington;. If you be not with her-Majefty when you receive this pacquet, it is his Majefty's pleafure you fend it to the Queen with all poffible diligence. The Same to the Same. Sir, HPHIS is only to acknowledge the receipt of three pacquets of your *s - ,oth Au a(lt - this day ; one of bills to fign ; another of proclamations ; the third with an enclofed to the Lord Strafford, which upon the receipt I addreffed unto him. To all the particulars of your difpatch I fhall make you anfwer, and return you your bills figned, by Mr. Walker, the paymafter of Carlifle, who I fhall difpatch unto you to-morrow, or on Tuefday mdrning; myfelf having fo much bufinefs to do at prefent here, to give out orders by his Majefty's command, the Lord Lieutenant being with the army; which God blefs, for I am now advertifed, that Lefley hath quit Newcaftle, and is marching after our army as faft as he may. I hope we fhall have time to join our forces together, and mend divers defeds which hath happened fince this army hath marched ; but this to yourfelf, for I am none of thofe that fhall condemn any without firft hearing. Had not this been a> cover, by his Majefty '6 command to two of his, the one for her Ma jefty, the other for the ConftablQ of the Tower, befides your own,. I hadi X66 v -STATE PAPERS. CHARLES I had not given you thia trouble at prefent. God blefs his Majefty 1640. and his affairs, fo refts, Your Honour's, &c. this 30th of Auguft, 1 640. My Lord St. Albans fhall have an anfwer of his letter from me within thefe few days; I dare not fay to his contentment, but his Majefty will not give yet an anfwer. Ext rati of the Lord 'Lieutenant 's Letter to his Majefty. Darlington, Auguft 30, 1640. HP HIS night all your army, horfe and foot, are come into tins ~~ town. I took a view of them all as they marched along ; the foot I take to be ten thoufand. The horfe I judge to be fifteen hundred, and I may hope that they will ftill increafe, and the troopers every day return to thek colours. There are fome of the troops in very good, order. The perfon of note killed by Wilmot, proves, to be the Earl of Montrofe*. Wilmot is not killed, but taken j hurt, but without danger. Sir John Digby taken prifoner, but not hurt; in one word, I believe as many of them flain as of us* The Rebels lie yet about Newcaftle. * A raiftak** STATE. PAPERS. 107 From Mr. Treafurer Vane, to Secretary Windebanke. Sir, T> Y what I fend you here enclofed from the Earl of Strafforde' ift Sept. to his Majefty, you will underftand the ftate of his Majefty's army, as it retreated from Newcaftle ; and fuch it is at prefent) that nothing is to be -advifed, but to put our army upon the defen- five ; by which you fee, let man purpofe what he will, it is God only that difpofes*. I have not heard that Lefley hath marched fince Saturday ; that night he encamped five, miles on this fide New-- caftle, if not this day; but you maybe confident he will not lie long ftill, knowing but too well the ftate of his Majefty's army. His Majefty commands me to tell you, that my Lords fhould take it into their wifdom and confideration, how to prepare a force to* ' refift the rebels, if they fhould pafs by him, and march for the South ; and that they take prefently order for the fame, and what they will advife him ; he having fent you a true ftate how things are here with him ; of which he expeds a refolution, which you are to prefs, for it will admit no delay. His Majefty approves well ofthe ftaying of the officers belong ing to my Lord Marquis's forces, with ;my Lord Marfhalj to whom by his Majefty's command, I have fignified as much. l.have written by his Majefty's command for Ned Norgate to come and attend'the journey, and if any clerk of the Signet come Here when I am waiting, I will fend bim home. It is his Majefty's ¦ pleafure the mafter fhould wait, and not the men, and that they fhall find. His Majefty approves well of the orders you have given for the ¦ making of the Tower fafe, and of the Lords care to fupport and! ftrengthen my Lord Marfhal's commiffion. For my Lord Admiral's pacquetsy. 1 68 STATEPAPERS. charles pacquets, he would have them ftirred, for the time paft efpecially, 1640. fince by the laft you advertife it is conceived he is paft all danger. For the other points in both your difpatches, there needs no par ticular anfwers. And fo I reft Your Honour's, &c. thisiftofsep't. 1640. H* Vane. Memorial; Council and Committee. London, September 2. Two Propofitions. zd Sept. HpHE one by reconciling the King and his people. The other by raifing monies, and fo forces, which is feared too weak. Lord Privy Seal *. Whether the King will not be contented to have a general great ¦ council of the Peers ? Earl of Berkfhire. The Peers will fpeak of nothing but a Parliament. The Lord Marjhal. Spake to the city, and did let them know the great truft his Ma jefty had repofed in them ; and to that end, had left a commiflion of lieutenancy for them; that he had given the Conftable of the Tower order to hold a good intelligence with them, and to be ready for their defence : That they muft be ready for the defence" of the King and themfelves, with all their forces upon warning. The affedion of London hath ever concurred with the ftate. My Lord Mayor. Whether' they fhall increafe the number of the trained bands ? * Lord Manchefler- The STATE PAPERS. 169 The Lords anfwered. . To as great a number as he fhould think fit j the more the better. Sir 'Thomas Roe. A grand council not called thefe three hundred years. No way but to indid a Parliament, and in the mean tims; the Peers be called* A prefent decrying of all grievances. Secretary Windebanke * For the calling of the Peers. Mr. Comptroller. .. The Lords to be called, who being perfuaded by the council that grievances fhall be redreffed, will, in probability, rather be contented with a remedy from the King, than from Lefley. Lord Neivburgh. That both the calling of the Lords, and indiding of a Parlia ment be reprefented to the King. Lord' Cottington.- The King will think it more to his advantage, that it be done by the Lords in a general council, than by1 the council board. — Rather compellable to advife his Majefty to call the Lords as faff as maybe. Earl Berks. As the Lord Cottington. Earl Salijbury f- To call the Lords. Earl Dorfet.v* To call the Lords, a way about': it will be as long to call the Lords, as to call- the Parliament ; and befides, the glory of a Parlia ment will rather be given to them, than to the board ; and therefore v ratherTor a Parliament than calling the Lords. Earl Marfhal. __ To call the Peers : the only way, the beft and the fhorteft way. * The ftanch couriers feem to have been againft a Parliament. t Captain of the band ofpenfioners. Vol. II. Z Lord 17° STATE PAP E R S. ' Lord Privy Seal* Wholly averfe fromadviftng a Parliament, and wholly for calling the Peers, the council of the kingdom, confiliarii nati ; Edward III. called bis great council upon 'a like occafion;. they raifed great fums of money without a Parliament, and affifted the King.. The kingdom will follow the Peers. Lord Treafurer % For calling the Lords. '.'[.• ,i, ': Lord Keeper. Not to reprefent to the King the calling of the Parliament, but all the. Lords. ,/ Lord Archbifhop of Canterbury. ,,; The great council of the Lords to be called ; but to be put to the King, that we are at the wall, and that we are in the dark, and have no grounds for a council. We have no way but this, or the calling of the Parliament ; and the Parliament a confequent. Committee. Lord Treafurer, Lord Marfhal, Earf Dorfet,, Lord Cottington, Secretary Windebanke. That his Majefty will call away the Lieutenant % of the Tower, and employ him there, if his Majefty can handfomely remove him ; as much for his fervice ; he being obferved to be difeontented, fince the Lord Conftable's || coming in. The Lord Marfhal and Lord Cottington intend to go to morrow to view a place on the other fide of the river,, for the powder; and that, in the mean time, a good proportion be fent to Portfmouth. ; ¦„• * This noble Lord, when the Parliament f Juxon, Bifhop of London ; an honeft man; met, gave no oppofition to the popular party, let alone, becaufe inoffenfive and ina&ive. . in which his fon was engaged. He died be- % Sir William Balfour. fore the war broke out. || Lord Cottington. The STATE PAPERS. 171 The Lord Cottington hath bought a thoufand pair of fhoes, and CHARLES delivered them to the carriers of York ; the other thoufand fhall be 1640. immediately fent, """ All that his Majefty ordered concerning the fortifying of the Tower is in hand. The money to be fent away to-morrow. Lord Conway to Secretary Windebanke. Mr. Secretary, IF you have not heard from me of late, it was not want of will, 9tnsept. but want of time ; for I do affure you that, from the time the Scots came into England, until that I came to York, I had not time to eat or fleep. I would moft gladly have written to you, becaufe that I would have told you the day before, what fhould have happiened the next ; in hope that might have ferved to juftify me, iP thofe things did happen which were contrary to expedationi I hear that J have been blamed for my letters that I did write concerning what would happen, if the Scots did come in. Look upon my letters and fee whether they were ftories or no. Look upon the advice I did give ; fee what we do. For what I have done from the time that the Scotch army did come in, until the troops did quit Newcaftle, I dare ftand to the trial of foldiers ; I do affure myfelf that I have not made any fault. Now, that the affairs are governed by * another, I am not able to make a judgment ; but the bare relation is, that the army here fhall be entrenched clofe under the walls of this town ; the horfe muft be fent into Richmond or Cleveland, to be near the river of Tees, to keep the Scots from making incurfions into York- * Lord Strafforde. Z 42 fhire. l1% sfA'TE PAPERS. charles fhire. The Scots do order things in fuch a manner, that it appears 1640. as if they would not advance farther. We were in doubt that they might have furprifed Hull, and therefore did fend Sir Thomas Glenham with his raiment of twelve hundred men thither.. I pray believe this much, that I fhall ever be, „.. ^ Your Jumble .Servant, this9thof Spu'mber, "1640. 'Z e°^AY and KlLULTA *. Sir H. Vane to Secretary^ Windebanke. Right Honourable, ' ,, nth Sept. * TT^ON Friday,, at twelve at noon, were brought unto me,, your' two pacquets of the 9th prefent. The Lprd6, nor! yourfelf, will not wonder, that the copy of the Scotch petition arrived fb fpecdily at the Queen's Court, fince it was by his Majefty's efpeaal order fent thither, by William Murray, of which I had no knowle'dgfi but order to fend it to you by Mr. Nicholas, the which I . affure my felf you have received from him, . with a copy alfo of the periston of the Lords of England. By what ymi have reprefented to his Majefty-, I find, you* have no apprehenfion, but that the Lords will be here at the day appointed, though you intimate fome doubt thereof, in your difpatch to myfelf ; we fhall therefore prepare for them accordingly. * This" noble Lord and Lord SKrafforde, his conduft, which is printed. He ntver who had been great friends, were difTatisfied ferved in the civil wars, when good officers with each other, after the affair of Newburn ; were farmed on both fides ; but much the beft and Lord Conway has written an apology for on that of the Parliament. Sir STATE PAPERS. m Sir Kenelm Digby hath made his, propofition here to his Majefty ; Charles and whatsoever your Honour's opinion may be thereo'f, and his, i6>. his Majefty, in his wifdom and judgment, bids me tell you, he holds it no ways feafonable, or pradicabie, at prefent. I am forry to underftand, that the Earl Marfhal mould grow every day more and more infirm. I could wifh, as well in regard of his Majefty's affairs, as of himfelf, that he had more perfed health in this time of adion. I never doubted of the Lord Cottington 's, and your own induftry and diligence j yet I am of the fame opinion with you, that an army without money will rife flowly in this difterri- pered time ; though the law obliges all fubjeds, in cafe of invafion, to ferve at their own charges. You tell me, that you fhall advife with the Lords concerning the bufinefs of Newcaftle, and the coals, of which they have already great apprehenfions ; yet in your difpatch to his Majefty, you advife, that fmall veffels, fuch as ordnance may not be put into to be made fhips of war, may continue the" trade. But here his Majefty com mands me to tell you, that you and my Lords fhould do well to advife with the Trinity Houfe, and be well informed whether that will be means fufficient to fupply the city with fuel or not, or whe ther any of the coafters fhips be not fuch, as, fhould they befeized by the Scots at Newcaftle, they might not be made frigates to put fmall pieces in, and fo infeft and trouble our coafts* This being fecured, his Majefty approves Of your advice, or any other way or means (that brings not a WOrfe inconvenience along with it) to fupply the city with fuel. Yefterday in the afternoon, his Majefty took a view of his army, as well horfe as foot, confifting Of fixteen thoufand foot, and two thoufand horfe, befides the trained bands of Yorkfhire. Braver bodies of men and better clad, have I not feen any where, for the foot. For the horfe, they are fuch,'as no man that fees them, by their outward appearance, but will judge them able to ftand, and encoun ter i74 ST ATE P A P EffS. CHARLES xer with any whatfoever. Sure I am, that I have feen far meaner, In 1640. the King of Sweden's army, do flrange and great execution ; and by " ' the report of all, they are far better than thofe they are to encounter, being but little nags moft of them, and few or none at all armed. hut with lances and Scots piftols, of which I cannot learn they are above fixteen hundred. So, if God fends us hearts and hands, I cannot apprehend (.have we condud) how they fhould be able to refift the fhock of ours, whenfoever they fhall meet. His Majefty hath alfo, of all forts, forty-four good pieces of artillery, with their equi page; fo as you do provide ois monies in time, I, do not fee (though it muft be confeft they have made but too far and profperous advance already into this kingdom) but that, God being with his Majefty's army, fuccefs will follow. But fhould there be a failing #f monies for thefe three months, no man-can forefee the. calamities and mife- ries both to King and ftate, that may thereupon enfue ; and there fore, by his Majefty's command, you are to prefs the fame to the Lords of the Committee effedually. His Majefty hath now, and fo often, recommended the fame to you by his royal pen, that I fhould not have fpoken a word to you upon -the fubjed, had it not been by his Majefty's exprefs command. His Majefty this day returns Mr. Flemming (whom I mentioned to you in my laft) with anfwer tothe let ter he brought from the Scotch Rebels ; the copies of both which you fhall receive here enclofed, as alfo the demands of theirs to the town of Newcaftle, and theBifhop- rick ; the like they have done alfo to Northumberland; by which it will be feen how they are like to fuffer (be their pretences what they will) that fall under the power of the fword. And therefore -his Majefty and my Lords here hold it fit, that their proceedings fhould be printed and publifhed amongft you in the South, to move and ftir you up to have a perfed fenfe of their fufferings, the better to in duce them to a vigorous and timely fupply j to prevent thofe calamities from fpreading farther, which we now endure. The STATE PAPERS 175 Tfie counties of Nottingham and Derby, have drawn their train- CHARLES ed bands to the confines of their feveral counties, there attending 1640. and exercifing their foot, until his Majefty fend his farther orders. The horfe, which are two troops, are this day joined to his Majefty's army ; fo as now, with the horfe of Yorkfhire, his Majeftyhath two thoufand five hundred horfe. Leicefterfhire is in "the fame forward- nefs ;. but Stafford and Lincolnfhire are not fo ready; but 'tis hoped we fhall hear of them fhortly. His Majefty and my Lords are of opinion, that it were neceffary .that all the reft of the counties of England fhould be put into the fame readinefs, and,, now their har veft is done, be drawn into fome place to the confines of their feveral counties, there to exercife both horfe and foot ; that they may be ready on all occafions, upon a fhort fummons,, to march- to the defence of the kingdom. And if my Lord Marfhal, and the reft ofthe Lords, have not given order for the fame, it is his Majefty's pleafure that you propofe the fame to their Lordfhips, that accord ingly it may be put in execution, if their Lordfhips fhall not find caufe to the contrary. The prefident of Wales * hath had his fum mons from his Majefty, to be in a readinefs with all the trained bands and power he can make in that prefidency, and the faid forces to remain in their feveraf counties until his Majefty's farther order ; fo as I conceive they will be in a readinefs, "whenfoever they fhall be commanded by his Majefty, or the Lord' General of the South, as there fhall be occafion. I had almoft forgot to tell you, that it is his Majefty pleafure, that the LordDorfet fhould attend her Majefty and the council in. the South ; fo as he is gracioufly pleafed to difpenfe with his prefence at the meeting here of the Peers 24th prefent. • You will be pleafed to excufe me for fending you this difpatch in my Secretary's hand, for it hath been a bufy day with me. To morrow his Majefty hath appointed^ chapter to be called here of the » Earl of Bridgewater. Knights i76 6 T 'A T ¦£ PAPER S. CHARLES Knights of the Garter, when his Majefty intends to beftowfhe cordon 1640. b.leu upon the Lieutenant * General. And fo I reft Your Honour's moft: humble, fervant, v JV*' . a H. Vane.' this nth of Sept. 1640. The Lieutenant is much mended in his health, upon the avoiding of two flones this laft night. You will give her Majefty communi cation of this difpatch, for I have not written to her. There is come to Newcaftle fifty wives' of the better fort of the Lords and commanders ; by this it is conjedured, they will nPt leave the place fuddenly. You fhall receive here inclofed a letter of Sir John Fenwicke, brought me this night. «• The Same to the Samd Sir, 13th Sept. "TpHIS is to tell you that this day the Lieutenant had the Blue Ribbon given him, being brought to his Majefty by the Mar quis f, and the Condi %. Here hath been much bufinefs with the gentlemen of Yorkfhire, to difpofe them to levy two months pay for the payment of the trained bands of Yorkfhire ; and the laft night a petition was agreed upon by the gentlemen in a high ftrain ; concluding as the twelve Peers did for a Parliament ; but this after noon, the Lieutenant appointing to meet with all the Lords and gentlemen of the country in their great hall, after much debate, it was overuled by the major part of voices, to rejed the. petition ; and * Lord Strafforde was Lieutenant General f Of Hamilton. to the Earl of Northumberland. % Earl of Holland, a nkk-name. « it u STATE PAPERS, i77 it was refolved to make a levy * in the county, to pay the charles trained bands until the 24th current ; after which the Lieutenant 1640. brought them to the king, and declared fo much to his Majefty in the prefence of the gentlemen, and with a farther declaration, that after the 24th, they hoped with the Peers to give his Ma jefty farther fatisfadion. It was done with much alacrity and chearfulnefs ; whereupon his Majefty fpake to the gentlemen him felf, and declared unto them, that after this prefent occafion he would eafe them, and take off from them fix thoufand foot ; free "them at prefent from their efcuage ; and that if any of their colonels or prime officers fhould be killed in this prefent fervice, he would give them their wardfhips, if their heir fhould be under age. This gave them great contentment, and his majefty was therewith fo well pleafed, that he commanded me to make a difpatch unto you there upon. This good example in Yorkfhire, I hope will induce the counties in the South to do the like. And fo I reft Your Honour's moft humble fervant, York, fj Vamp this 1 3 th of September. "* v Aiit" Sir H. Vane to Secretary Windebanke. Sir, T GAVE you yefterday an account of what paffed betwixt the 14th Sept. Lord Lieutenant and the Yorkfhire gentlemen. This day I re ceived your's of the nth prefent, with an inclofed to his Ma jefty, the which I prefented unto him. I perceive, by the Lord Cottington's letter, as well as your own, forty-two thoufand is all is * One of the articles of impeachment againft him, was the making this levy. ' Vol. II. A a to i7& ST ATE FA PER Sv CHARLES tp he expeded. He fays, it fhall come away with all diligence, but i-64°- afcertains not the time j but it is not this will do the bufinefs ; and; I do much apprehend my Lord Marfhal will not be able to divert the: city's petitioning his Majefty for a Parliament, the diftemper grows-: fo univerfal. It is advertifed to this court, as well as by your's to his- Majefty^, that Hertford and Effex fet out from London, to wards, this, place, to morrow, and that few. of the other nobility will be here at the day appointed for meeting, which, fhould it fall out fo, it were not well y, hut in fuch cafe, it is-confiderable whether it fhould be held or not ; and that, I conceive, is worthy of the Lords advice above, who are upon the place, and may firft and beft difcover the fame. For. the Turkifh ambaffador, his- Majefty's anfwer is, he may yet flap where he is ; for the Danifh, he hears nothing yet of his errand,i no more do I. When he doth, his Majefty bids me tell. you, that; both my Lords and yourfelf fhall have knowledge thcreofi I had almoft forgot to tell you, what I fhould have reprefented unto* you in my laft,. which is, that, at my Lord Lieutenant's inftance, the- better- to induce the Yorkfhire gentlemen to grant a month's pay for- their trained bands, his Majefty hath promifed them not only to. take off fix thoufand of their twelve thoufand foldiers for the*' future, but to remit their efcuage, and to give the wardfhip to all thofe that fhall die on this fervice. I knew not of it, until his, Ma jefty had declared to it the gentlemen. The other counties that he- hath fent to^rife with their forces, will no queftion exped the like; and fo will alfo all the.reft of the counties- in the South, if they fhall: have occafion to rife ;. and therefore you .fhall do well to commu-- nicate this bufinefs to the Earl Marfhal and the Lord Cottington ; for tius of the wardfhips may be of confequence, and fo I have told his, Majefty. My Lords and yourfelf :m ay do well to advife hereupon,, and then to let me know your opinions ; for in the other counties-; here adjacent, Lhave advifed his Majefty upon this occafion only to. remit '. STATE PAPERS. i79 Tenriit the efcuage, and that concurs with my Lords opinions for the CHARLES fufpenfion of the proclamations. 1640. The Scots are now bufy fortifying Newcaftle, where, have four tfiips lately come, out of the Eaft country with corn, fo as for fix months they are provided to furnifh their army; befides Northum berland and the Bifhopric at their devotion ; out of which they will draw great advantages, both of profit and conveniency, I doubt you in the South do not yet apprehend the confequences of the lofs of Newcaftle ; but a little time will make it appear j and in my judgment, I cannot find how it is poffible, let his Majefty draw together what force he can, to get them out of that place this winter ; fo that by. this you may fee clearly what condition his Majefty's affair* are in. They plant garrifons, and take up their winter-quarters, through- cut Northumberland and the Bifhopric \ and fo they may, for his Majefty's army cannot be in a pofture fit to fight thefe fix weeks. In what ftate we fhall be by that time for money, you above know better than myfelf, and may better forcfce- th§ events, if God Almighty fend not more unity among u§, which of his great mercjr .grant us. And fo I reft Your Honour's moft humble fervant, vs verk, H. Vane. this 14th of Sept. 1640. Aa % 180 STATEPAPERS. CHARLES I. 1640. The Same to the Same. Right Honourable, 1 6th Sept. T KNOW nothing in yours ofthe 13th, that requires anfwer from me. Two of the King's fhips are come, and lie before the Tyne mouth, and have order to hinder all trade, during the ,time the rebels fhall hold Newcaftle ; fo as I do not fee how London can be fupplied from thence with coals ; for, as concerning the propo- fition, that veffels of fmall burthen fhould only trade, it is conceived, both by his Majefty, and my Lords here, that no veffels fhould be permitted to trade thkher whatfoever -} and that great and fmall vef fels will be equally inconvenient. - Sir Peter- Killegrew is returned this day from the prifoners *, but cannot procure their liberty from the rebels, but upon fuch condi tions as you fhall fee here Inclofed. The Scots do not yet advance farther than Durham, having brought that county into contribution, for which they pay 350 X. the day, Northumberland 300 1. in which are comprifed the church and Roman Catholics at equal rates ; yet the horfe take hay and oats for nothing ; all that keep their houfes, nothing more is taken from them; if they find no dwellers in Newcaftle, or the counties, thofe they plunder; but if an egg or chicken bring from thofe that pay contribution, they are certainly hanged for it. They keep a very fevere difcipline ; I wifh it were more pradifed on our fide ; for our horfe and foot commit great infolencies, for which two were hanged yefterday. His Majefty tells me, he fent you a command for the fortifying and making ufe of 1 ortfmouth; he hath commanded me to fecond the fame unto you, that it accordingly may be complied withal. * Thofe taken at Newburn ; Wilmot, Digby, &c. afterwards officers in the civil wars. < His STATEPAPERS. 181 His Majefty -read your poftfcript, and fmiled when he met with CHARLES Monfigot's putting you in mind of your mortality ; and I doubt not, 1640. though money goes out faft at prefent, but that his Majefty will, if he were once at the end of thefe troubles, deal gracioufly with us, touching that office; and it is but reafon, for we have done him fervice in it. We are in great expedancy of the 2 4th* prefent; and of the Lords and Sir Francis Seymour coming down ; though it is not ex peded by us here, that the meeting of the Peers will produce any thing more than a refolution for a Parliament; which word is thought fufficient, not only to put the Scots out of the kingdom, but a balm to cure all our fores. If you afk this bearer, he will tell you how thofe of Newcaftle fuffer. God fend a good conclufion to all our troubles ; and fend us^ unity amongft ourfelves, and I fliall not much apprehend yet the. Scots, though they are upon the advantage ground. And fo I reft. Your Honour's moft humble fervant, York, H. Vane* this i6thof Sept. 1640-. The Same to the Same. Right Honourable, HP HIS day, at nine In the morning, I received you r's ofthe 16th, 18th Sept; and in it a packet to his Majefty, which inftantly I carried unto him. To divers of the particulars therein contained, you will receive anfwers from his royal pen ; fo as I have little at prefent to trouble you withal, more than to tell you, notwithftanding the Lords of the Council's advice for a Parliament, I do not find in his Majefty yet, any certain refolution for the fame. The ri82 5 TATE -P A P E R S. . charles The papers ypu fent inclofed to his Majefty, he hath put Into my 1640. '.hands, the which require no reply; and for. the printing of the papers, his Majefty commands me to tell you, that he holds it moft .fit that you fhould print ..them in the fouth, as we do alfo here upon ;the like occafions. We are herein expedation of the meeting of the Peers, fo as, *until then, you are not like to hear much from me; befides, we Jbave had fo great rains thefe two days, that the waters are fo out, .that there is fcarce means to pafs any "where upon the roads, and no ;intercourfe is ..like to be further betwixt this camp and the rebels* until the peers are affembled* You may reft confident of his Ma jefty's care to .regain what the Scots have got upon this kingdom, fo you furnifh him with money timely, and according to the hopes .Iiave been given to his Majefty, fince his coming to this place. In a word, if ,42,000!. come not, and that fpeedily, the army being .now out. of pay, what inconveniences may thereupon follow, the :Lords and yourfelf may apprehend, confidering but how the times ,are at prefent conditioned ; and the rebels within five or fix days jjnarch at the fartheft. I fend you here inclofed the Captain of the Holy Ifland's letter sunto me, by his' Majefty's command ; you are to fhew it to the Lord Treafurer' and Cottington, and'to move them for to give order for his prefent relief. I have fpoken often to my Lord Treafurer ^concerning the fame before my coming out of the fouth. The beft way to fupply him now, will be by the paymafterof Berwick; for which, it is his Majefty's pleafure, prefent order fhould be given, left elfe it might fall into the enemy's hands, which would be pre sented ; it being a place of too great importance to Jet fall into their |hands through negled. And fo I kifs your Honour's hands, and reft Your Honour's, &c. #hiji„8:h of Sept. ,164,0. *** VANE^ STATE PAPERS; 183 CHARLES I. 1640. The Same to the Same. Right Honourable,. fTP HIS day, about eleven o'clock, arrived'your letters of the 18 th ; 20th Sepr.. in the afternoon, the Denmark Ambaffadors, who, to-morrow atone of the clock, are to have audience of his -Majefty .: When your covenanting Minifter and the Londoners arrive here, his Ma jefty will refolve what to do with them; and I did never doubt,, fince the twelve Lords had prefented their petition to his Majefty,* but that many more ofthe nobility would fign with them. Since my laft, Lieutenant Smith, that commanded Sir John* Digby's troop, with fixty horfe, furprifed Sir Alexander Douglas, Major to Colonel Ramfay, that took Sir John Digby prifoner, who * came into Yorkfhire with a party of horfe over the Tees, and were* plundering a houfe of one Mr. Pudfey's^ who gave notice to our troops of their being there. Captain John Digby, fon of the Earl of Briftol, with three or four troops cut off: their pafs at Croft-brigg.; The great rains that fell made the river not fordable1; fo as two of them offering to fwim the river, were drowned; twenty-one that refilled were killed on the place ; thirty-feven taken prifoners ; and all the officers and the horfes of the whple troop, with- fuch arms- ' as they had, which are but mean -t and fo are all their horfe. By* this you fee we begin to recover our hearts and courage*. You are not to exped voluminous difpatches before the meeting of the Peers. Nine of them came to- Doncafter on Saturday laft, and will be here t * This flcirmifh has been fo improved by motion, to drive tbe Scots out of England j • fdme frivolous hiftorians, that they have built bat the circumftances of the time, and hisbwn upon it the ftory of Lord Strafforde's having opinion, as ftated in thefe letters, make it im~ offered.at.this juncture, if the army was put in poffible to be true. , 8^ to-morrow. 184 STATE PAPERS. charles to-morrow. We exped a full affembly, from the affurance you-give 1640. us here. And fo I reft Your Honour's, &c. York, H. Vane. this 20th of Sept. 1 640.. The Same to the Same. Right Honourable, 32d Sept. XJERE are this day arrived many of the Peers, fo as I conceive it will be a full affembly. I do not think it can hold many days, it being but preparatory to Parliament ; without which, it is believed impoflible to fettle and quiet the hearts and minds of men. This day was prefented unto his Majefty, the petition from Lon don. You were not well informed thereof, for there are to it four Aldermen's hands, and not fo few, I think, as ten thoufand others." It is not his Majefty's opinion, nor any of the Lords of the Council (as this time is conditioned) that either they, Burgefs the Minifter, or any other, that hath, or fhould deliver petitions of this kind to his Majefty, fhould be committed. His Majefty hath commanded me to fignify his pleafure unto you, that you let the Lord Treafurer and Cottington know, that upon a letter lately fent hither from the Lord Admiral, reprefenting the ne ceffity of maintaining a Winter guard at fea ; the difhonour of letting , it fall, until he fee more clearly through the difficulties of his affairs ; as alfo the ill confequences unto his Majefty's forces here, together with the great prejudices the rebels fuffer by his Majefty's fhips ly ing STATE PAPERS. i.85 Ing at Tynmouth, as hath been made known alfo to his Majefty by CHARLES the Lord Lieutenant. Upon thefe confiderations, you are to let thefe 1^4°- two Lords know, that they are prefently to take order for the dif patch of thefe fervices, importing much both the honour and fafety of the State ; but the monies defigned for the army are not to be made ufe of; for even that which was promifed, falls fhort; yet fome means muft be found for the other, as you will underftand-from his Majefty's facred pen by this difpatch ; though in his laft to you, he did command the contrary. I have written to the fame effed concerning his Majefty's pleafure, touching this fea-fervice, both to the Lords Treafurer and Admiral, by his Majefty's exprefs order. - It is his Majefty's farther pleafure, that, with what diligence you conveniently may, ypu fend me hither in forma, all the proceedings and ads that .paffed the laft Winter at the Council-table, concerning the Scottifh bufinefs. The cafHe of Edinburgh is delivered up by General Ruthven ; he and his men are to come to Berwick, and with him two pieces Of cannon. The rehels have taken Caliverocke, and have put all to the fword, but the Earl of ^Niddifdale, his lady and his page ; they killed forty of the name of Maxwell; and many were alfo killed of the Ijefiegers, before it was delivered up. And fo I reft Your Honour's, &c. •V«*. H. Vane. |his zzd of Sept. 1640. Vol. II. B b m STATE PAPERS. CHARLES I. 1640. The Same to the Same. Right Honourable, 2 thSept. HTHI.S day I fent you word, that his Majefty had declared hi* refolution for the fummoning of a Parliament to be held the 3d of December next. You fhall receive here inclofed, the copy pf his Majefty's fpeech to the Peers, at the opening of the affembly.. J have not known his Majefty^ exprefs himfelf better, fince I have had the honour to ferve him ; and it was to the great fatisfadioa and contentment of all that heard him. This, with the forms fpent the morning; at two after dinner^ the King and Peers met again, when at firft it was propofed by the Earl of, Briftol, to enter into a treaty with the rebels ; moft of the Lords being confident they have it in their power to make peace j but my opinion Is, it will not be an eafy work. Hereupon,, after fome debate, they refolved to name Commiffioners, to meet and treat with the rebels upon an accommodation ; they named fixteen of the Peers", and appointed the place of meeting to be at Northallerton ; the names of which you fliall receive here enclofed. I had almofit forgot to tell you, that his Majefty and the great Council were not fat an hour, but a pacquet was brought to the Lord Lanerick, from the rebels, with a new petition from them to his Majefty, fuppli- cating in a more mannerly ftile than formerly ; the copy of which, that you may the better judge of their proceeding, I fend you here with. The Earls of Traquair, Morton, and Lanerick, were by his Majefty commanded to affift in this affembly, and fat behind the King's chair. The reafon was, that Traquair was commanded to make the fame relation * to the Peers, which he formerly, did at the * Lord Clarendon appears to have been appointed to explain the King's proceedings quite mistaken in faying, that no-body was in Scotland to this meeting. Council- STATEPAPERS. 187 Council-table, which was the ground upon which the Lords advifed charles his Majefty, rather than to yield unto fuch demands, to reduce the 1640. rebels by force. Mr. Bellaffis, the Lord Falconbridge's youngeft fon, was difpatched this night to the Scottifh camp, to give them knowledge of the re folution of this day ; that on Wednefday or Thurfday next, they may meet at the place appointed, that they may fpeedily put an end to this unhappy bufinefs ; for that as the ftate of his Majefty's affairs is at prefent, they will not admit of delay without danger. God of his mercy fend us a happy conclufion at laft, and dired thefe Lords right in this difficult bufinefs, which I cannot yet underftand to be other. To-morrow the affembly iheets again at nine of the clock, when is to be debated how his Majefty's army is to be kept on foot and maintained, until the fupplies of a Parliament may be had. If a good expedient may be found for this, I conceive it will much faci litate the treaty. The Lords feem all to be very fenfible of the confe quences that may follow, both to King and kingdom, fhould his Majefty's army difband before the Scots be put out of the kingdom; and therefore I hope my next will give you a good account hereof. His Majefty was no fooner fat in his chair this morning, but the Lords, by the mouth of the Earl of Briftol, defired juftice upon Sir William Bartley, for having faid, that the rebels had thirty-feven of the heads of the nobility, that invited them to come Into Eng land ; if he be not able to make it good, they are fharp upon him, but I hope he will be able to clear himfelf *. And fo I reft Your Honour's, &c. York, H. Vane. .this 24th of Sept. 1640. • This was the firft getting out ofthe flory foon after to this Lord, proves that he ha* xf the letter and fubfcription forged by the betrayed fome fecrets, » ingratiate hirofelf Lord Saville. The King's favour lhewn fo with the Court. Bb 2 l88 S T A T E P A P E R S. CHARLES I. 1 6 • • ' " < . * T' * The Same . /o ^ Same., Right Honourable, *jthSept. WIS Majefty did yefterday fo feafonably declare himfelf for as Parliament, that this day, when the queftion was propofed how to maintain his Majefty's army until the Parliament, it having been* advifed unanimoufly by all the Lords, that it was not fafe,. during, the Scots being in the kingdom, nor counfelable, for his Majefty to- difband his army ; it is not to be exprefled by me, with' what chearfulnefs and alacrity the -Lords, all of them, entered into debate: how to find the means to do it, his Majefty's treafure being exhauft- ,@d; and after a little time fpent, unanimoufly refolved, that 'the fum that Was to be provided was 2oo,oool. and that to be bor rowed from the city ; for the better effeding- whereof, a- letter is conceived, and is to be figned byorrow. The, Same, to the Same. Right Honourable, 'HP HIS is to acknowledge: the receipt pf your ift, ^d, 3d, 4th* and 6th of\ this prefent, and to tell you, that ou;r treaty with, the Sco£s advances not, they perfift ing in their firft propofitiori ; that until they know how their army fhould fubfift at Newcaftle, their powers did not warrant them to treat of any other particular. So as, you fee where they intend to lodge their army this winter ; and; peace certainly there: will be none* unlefs ratified by the Parliament. of England,, as well as that of Scotland :. a ceflation of arms may be 1 peradventure STATE PAPERS. 191- peradventure obtained, -fo England maintain their army, until the ChArles peace be confirmed in Parliament. The difficulties that we are like 1640. to meet with in maintaining a war, your laft hath given me full and entire fatisfadion. This day the Earl of Bedford and the Lord Mandeville, deputed from the reft of the Englifh Lords commiffion ers at Prippon, brought his Majefty a paper prefented from the Scottifh commiffioners unto them ; they delivered it Unto his Ma jefty, there being prefent only Hertford and Briftol. I fhall fay nothing more of the paper, becaufe you fhall receive it here inclofed. After his Majefty had fpoken with thefe Lords, he aflembled the Peers, where the paper was read, the Lieutenant prefent. The Scots now make difficulty of coming to York, for the caufes alledged in the paper ; but the two Lords have order to return to Rippon, not doubting but they will fo difpofe of the bufinefs, that they may peradventure induce the Scots commiffioners to come to York. However, all but four commiffioners of the Englifh (who, in cafe the Scots fhould formalize thereupon, are to ftay there with them) are commanded by his Majefty to repair hither. I fend you here inclofed, a bill figned by his Majefty, which the Lords Grace of Canterbury fent to his Majefty. I pray deliver it unto him, and with. it, my humble fervice. And fo I reft Your Honour's, &c. this 9th of Oilober, 1640. a' VANE. His Majefty formerly commanded me to write to the Lord Trea furer and Cottington, that they fhould take care, that, above all things, there fhould be provided money to pay off the mariners, as the fhips come in. He commanded me to fignify his pleafure unto you, to call upon their Lordfhips for the fame ; that when he returns, he may not receive an affront, if the mariners be not paid. G c 2. 1$6 STATE PAPERS. CHARLES I. 1640. Lord St. Albans and Clanriearde, to the Same. Sir, sthoaober. Y0UR favours and refPeas t0 me d° butgive me encouraSe- ment to >increafe your trouble. You may do well to forbear any more returns to me, fince they are likely to draw thefe preju dices upon you ; finding a boldnefs fteal upon me, that I was not: formerly capable of, by my converfation in the court and in the- army, where that quality may beft be learned* The good fuccefs you have had in your treaty at London, was toyfully received here, as a probable inducement of much happinefs- both to the King and kingdom ; but I do not find it will be of power. to remove the Scots from their ftrong hold of Newcaftle, fince my Lord Lieutenant hath, in public declared an impoffibility to. regain that place this, winter, and did likewife give Cumberland and Weft- morland for loft, if they attempt it ; the moft of his undertaking being a hope to preferve Yorkfhire* The Scotch treaty is to be removed from Rippon hither. I cannot conceive what effeds it can produce, more than the drawing up of fome particulars, by way of preparation for the Parliament. Their prefent demand is forty thoufand pounds a month for maintenance- ©f their army, and fo to free the country from contribution, until they are fecured to have redrefs of their grievances. - The ftrangeft news I can inform you of is, that my Lord Lieu tenant-did invite me to dinner upon Wednefday laft, but. I was fa modeft, as to refufe that honour, and to forbear to trouble his Lordfhip, until I find more reality, and better grounds, to profefs, x»yfelf his fervant, by my. attendance upon him ; and when the; Parliament STATE PA PER S.. 197/ Parliament doth fit, the day will come fhall pay for all. I befeech Charles you pardon this fcribbled prefumption of 1640. Your moft affured friend; to ferve you, .v .1. 7™V c St. Albans & Clanricarde. the qui of October, 1 6401. Mr. Treafurer Vane to the Same* Right Honourable*. HP HIS morning, at nine of the clock, I received yours of the mhoa. ninth. I fhall begin with the cheefemongers petition, and give you his Majefty's pleafure thereupon, which is, that he leaves to the Lords free power to give liberty to Effex, Suffolk, and Norfolk, to. bring butter and cheefe to London, as alfo grain.; his,. Majefty not doubting of the Londoners care, to prevent tranfporting of grain beyond the fea; for that in thefe parts, thefe great rains that have- fallen, have made an. ill harveft, and corn is like to prove very dear; befides, it being fo unhappy as to be made, the feat of war, the peor pie, if they fiarye not, muft be fupplied out of the fouth ; and fo,, here inclofed, you fhall receive the cheefemongers petition from me. The treaty hath been required by his Majefty (as I advertifed you. in my' laft) to be brought from Rippon to York; but the Scots, who. give the law, will not depart from their grounds one tittle. "His- Majefty and the Peers met this afternoon, where it was refolved to- continue the treaty at Rippon ftill, and not break upon a pundilio for the place; but they prefling much a fpeedy anfwer to their de mands, his Majefty hath thought fit, with the advice of his Peers- that affifted, to fend for thofe at Rippon, and on Tuefday to fend: back the Commiffioners thither, with fuch refolution^ as fhall be. taken* 198 STATE fV A P E R S. CHARLES taken to-morrow when the affembly meets, which will be at two of 1640. the clock. I had almoft forgot to tell you, that the rebels have fent. their Commiffioners powers to treat and conclude; they exped his Majefty fhould give the Englifh the like ; but I do not find they will fend any more Commiffioners than the firft; for the reft, I fhall refer you to the papers here inclofed. When I obferved unto you, the difference betwixt the Privy Seal's and yours, it was not I conceived you to be miftaken. God fend us the firft 50,0001. at the day; the reft to follow; and that you agree upon the fecurity. For we have many ThomaVs amongft us ; and fhould the city grow cold, or the Great Council not proceed by unanimous confent, either may make a great difor- der in his Majefty's affairs. I do well remember, that when the Peers agreed to write to the city for the 200,000 1. they refolved, all of them, to give any fecurity for the fame but land, if I be not mif taken. Thus much I thought fit to give notice of to you, fince the fecurity is not yet agreed. Difpatch it as foon as may be, and let the money come down ; for, befides the want thereof for the foldier, many here have not a ftrong faith, nor will believe until it be at York. I pray God to fend a happy conclufion of this treaty and .affembly. And fo reft ever Your Honour's, &c. York' H Vanp ¦this 1 ah of Oa. 1640. * VAJNl!" r99 CHARLES STATE -PAPERS. The Same to the Same. » ,.,-,¦ Right Honourable, AS his'Majefty and my Lords were fitting in the affembly, I re- i3thoa. ceived your laft this after mo<»% where I acquainted the Lordv Keeper of the dtftafte that was taken by the city,, and divens other of the Lords and Bifhops, that they had not rccewed yet their writs of fummons to attend in Parliament ; and that this you had in charge from the "Lords of the Council to advertife me of, that his Lordfhip. might fpeedily difpatch them; which he hath promifed fhall be done accordingly. I writ to the Queen and the Lord Privy Seal, to whom I fent his Majefty's letter to the city,/ by my Lord of Newcaftle's man;, it being by his Majefty's exprefs command, that I made a difpatch. to her Majefty and his Lordfhip; that he, with the committee: being- principally entrufted with the negociation with the city for the 200,000 1. it was fit for them to have the difpatch. Since which,. you have heard at large from me, and I prefume you will not fay I: have been negligent in my correfpondency ;. and therefore, being. then, ftraitned in time, you will excufe me. His Majefty and my Lords, have- fpent- all this day in confult- ing v*h»t anfwer to make to the laft. papers were fent from the Scot tifh Commiffioners, the which I fent you in mry difpatch of the ,r ith prefent. The refult of all which is, that the Lords are to return to morrow to Rippon, with full powers from his Majefty to treat 9jid conclude; with fome additional memorials, which were withs the advice and confent of the Peers ; the copy whereof you fhall receive here inclofed. I hope four or five days will difcovasr what are the real intentions of the Scots, whether they intend peace or not;: though they are fubtle and very clofe ; and certainly muft be princi pally, 200 STATE PAPERS. CHARLES pally intended by the Lords Commiffioners ; for the Parliament draws f r i6jc. on faft, where his Majefty will be certainly at the day ; and nothing concerns him fo much in thefe exigents and difficulties (next money) as the ftreight of time which he is now left upon, and ought to be well hufbanded. I have no more to trouble you with at prefent, but to tell you, as I was clofing my letter, my Lord Keeper fent word, that the writs were all fealed ten days paft, and put into the meffengers hands, which I hope you will enquire after, and fee punifhed. And fo I reft Your Honour's, &c. York' H Vanp this 13th „ofOaober, 1640. "* v A-lih~ Secretary Windebanke to the Earl of Northumberland. My Lord, a3thbct. ^BOUT three weeks fince, I reprefented to his Majefty an advice that came to me from Sir Thomas Rowe *, that fundry Scotch commanders and principal officers ferving the Crown of Sweden, had then obtained licence to leave that fervice, and were ready to come from thofe parts, with a purpofe to join themfelves with the rebels of Scotland. His Majefty's anfwer was, that he had given your Lordfhip. order in it ; and that you were to take care to intercept them in their paffage. There is now very lately come to me, a confirmation of the truth of that advice, by a Scottifh gentleman' that, was an eye-witnefs of it, upon Friday fe'nnight ; who affures me, * He had been Ambaffador at Hamburgh, and had very -good German intelligence. he STATE PAPERS. joi he then faw at Gottenburgh, divers of thbfe Scottifh commanders charles feady to embark; and that there were three Scottifh fliip's there in - I&4°- - readihefs to. receive them, and fo tranfpoft with them very great quantities of ammunition and arms. He farther affures, that all this laft Summer, there hath been the greateft commerce at Gotten burgh from Scotland that hath ever been known ; arid that Scottifh veffels have continually paffed thither and returned, notwithftanding any of his Majefty's fhips, either at Tinmouth or any ot^ier part ; of Which mips of his Majefty they fpeak with g^eat fcorh and contempt. This coming to my knowledge, and conceiving it to be of immi nent weight to his Majefty's affairs to prevent the conjuhdion of fo confiderable arid dangerous a reinforcement, both of men and am munition, with the rebels, I held it my duty to reprefent it to your Lordfhip ; to whofe care this fervice properly belongeth, humbly fubmitting it to your wifdom *. And fo, &c« Druryilane, 1 3th dftbber, 1 640. , ", ¦¦-, n'>K «W i Mr. Treafurer Vane to Secretary Windebanke. Right Honourable, JAM glad to underftand by yours of the 14th, that you' are fojuft 17th oa. and equal, as upon fecond thoughts not to be angry, for which certainly I fhall never endeavour to give you caufe in the leaft de gree; if Ido, I fhall not be afhamed to afk your pardon. * The Earl of Northumberland was often to the Covenanters. The great fhips were ill when he mould have been aaive and in fitted out and laid up again, when fmall ones bufinefs, and did not take proper and early were mpft proper. meafures for intercepting the foreign fupplies Vol. II. Dd I was 2o2 STATE PAP E R S. CHARLES I was upon Thurfday laft, by his Majefty's. command, at thede- 1640. fire of the Peers, fent to Rippon (where yours found me) to be affiftant at the treaty, with the Commiffioners ; and though,- the three others my companions: be in this town, yet they are not admitted. to, be prefent, but to be ready whenfoever the Englifh Commiffioners fhall. call for them; for the Scots will not admit them, to be pre fent at the debates. What hath paft at the treaty fince my laft, the* papers themfelves will tell you, which the Englifh have delivered to: the Scots, which you fhall receive ; and I conceive there will, bevlittlev- doubt of the Scots acceptance; j,. The Earls of Hertford, Briftol, Holland, and Lord Mandevillej. are fent this day fronbthe Englifh Commiffioners to. his Majefty, to* confult the- papers with him and the Peers; and to return, with, the approbation, both of his Majefty, and that affembly. ''¦'¦¦ I do perceive, not only by your laft,, but bygone I. have received^ from the Privy Seal, that it was he, not you, that was deceived 11* the account of the city bufinefs. I received, juft now, a letter, from. his Majefty, by which I perceive himfelf will quicken the difpatch,, which elfe I fhould h^ve done if I had been at Court, and that it- had been neceffary. If there be not fomething ftill in. the dark, I, do not fee, but when 1 our four Lords are returned from York, which we exped to-morrow after dinner, or on Monday morning, but that two days- after may, finifh the treaty; and then you may look, that his Majefty, within t three or four days: more, may look fouthward. And fo I reft Your Honour's, &c. this i7th.otOaober, 1640*. ^' ^ATIB;. STATE PAPERS. 203 CHARLES I. The Same to the Same. , l64°- Right Honourable, HP HIS is only to acknowledge the receipt of yours ofthe 16th, 20th oa. and to ferve for a cover to a pacquet direded unto me from the Lord Keeper by his "Majefty's command, to the Lord Privy Seal. It concerns the city bufinefs, for the quickening them in their payment of their monies to his Majefty ; there being two letters from the Lords the Peers, the one to the Committee, the other to the Lord Mayor, concerning the fame. .1 am this day leaving this place, and going to York, to prepare and take order for his Majefty's return into the fouth; which, though the day be not yet certain, cannot now be retarded; from thence you fhall hear more particularly from me, both of the treaty, and what elfe occurs. And fo I reft Your Honour'*, &c. Rippon, H. Vane. this zoth of October 1640. The Same to the Same.. Right Honourable, IS Majefty being now upon his return fouthward, and myfelf 21ft oaobcr. being commanded by him to go to-morrow to Rippon to the Commiffioners, and to return hither at night, I have only time to tell you, that this day I received yours of the 1 9th, and to tranfmit thefe inclofed papers unto you; by which you will fee how the treaty ftands at prefent. D d 2 I thank H 204 S T,iTE P A;P E R..& 1 1 thank you for the advertifement you gave me of the Denmark's- Ambaffador's exceptions ; though he hath, the fame titles given him,,, his Majefty gives the Prince of England, or to the Infante Cardinal ; for to them is given celftudo, not fer enit as. But I fhall to-morrow difpatch another letter and fend it to you, I having now no time ; and if the Ambaffadors be gone,, it may be fent after- And fo, I reft Your Honour's, &e. York, H. Vane., the 21ft of Oft. 1640, Twelve at night. . VJH'j J'iiJ The Same to the Same.. Right Honourable,, 23d oa. T RECEIVED yours of the 21ft prefent this day at twelve of?1 the clock, and, we are in .as great a calm as yotFWntion my > Lords are in the Star Chamber or Council Table ; for the Commiffion ers at Rippon are agreed of the ceffation, and the treaty is remitted from Rippon to^the Parliament, whither thofe of Scotland are to fend < deputies. To-morrow thofe from Rippon are expeded here,-I mean: the Englifh Lords ; on Sunday I conceive they will make their re port to the Great Council of their proceedings ; and on Monday, the Keeper, with the Peers, will take their journey fouthward ; his Ma jefty on Tuefday ; and, for myfelf, by his .command, I am not like to ftir, but to*fee the laft man born ; the ways are fo ill, that I pur pofe not to ride poft; by the eve of the Parliament I hope I fhalL get to Whitehall, fooner you are not to look for me. His. Grace of / York, it is thought, will not efcape this ficknefs.,.' which is now'feized upon him. His Majefty hath made difficulty to give the Prince of; Denmark ferenifjimtr; but I have at laft prevailed, and. you fhall re- ceive it here inclofed. . r ¦ " You^'tlohour'sV'&c.^ York' H Vanp . his zjdofOaober^ 1640. :. ' VAJN*" f.TATE PAPER S. • 2or CHARLES ¦'¦« v— v— j. May it pleafe your moft excellent Majefty, "SJ OUR: Majefty, I know, hath ' had from1 Mr. Henry r Percy a ' 23d O&ober. particular account of the proceedings both at York and Rippon, till the 22d of this month. What hath fince paffed,T am glad none can give you fo juft a relation of as myfelf; becaufe I have-thereby the happinefs of prefenting my humble1 duty' and fervice to your Majefty, to whom no man ftands more obliged, nor can be more am bitious of expreffing it. : Yefterday,:being the'22d of this month, I received a letter from the Commiffioners at Rippon, of which! fend youriMajeftyj a copy herewith. This I prefently acquainted the^ King; with, .and had his diredions to return Jan anfwer to them that" night, whiah I did. I cannot fend your Majefty a copy of it, hav ing had no time-to take- any ; but it wasto this effed, That his Ma'-Ut jefty never 'intended- to hold the treaty -at Rippon loriger than their "' Lordfhips fhould think convenient for his fervice, the fafety "of the kirigdom, and their own contentment ; that he did, and ftill doth • refolve to adjourn the treaty to London ;n but he forbore the de claration of it for a day or two, that it might appear to be dne with the more deliberation; and chiefly, that the Scots might -; thereby be the better induced to give a clear and full explanation- of what they flood upon ; and that his Majefty expeded their Lord fhips being here at York on Saturday ; at which time, if they fhould > fo advife, his Majefty would give order for the adjournment. This afternoon Sir Peter Killegrew (who carried my letter) re^- / turned with two letters from the Commiffioners, one to his Ma jefty, the other to myfelf; of both which, I alfo fend your Majefty the copies. His Majefty. prefently gave me order to draw an inftrument, which he figned, giving the Commiffioners power to 8 treat. 206 STATE PAPERS. 'CHARLES treat and fettle with the Scots, all particulars concerning the ad- 1640. journment of the treaty to London. And, by his Majefty's diredion, I alfo wrote unto them a letter, with which I fent the powers under his Majefty's hand, and therein, by his Majefty's command, recom mended to their Lordfhips care, the matter of ceffation of arms, and the endeavouring, by all poffible means, before their coming from Rippon, to get the Scots to fet down their demands fo clearly, that his Majefty might know the uttermoft of what they expeded. Of thefe two, I can fend your Majefty no copies ; for, as. foon as I had written them, they were fent away to Rippon, and this night will be delivered to the Lords Commiffioners. I exped hereupon they will be here fome time to morrow; and on Sunday in the afternoon, I belieye, his Majefty will call the Great Council together; where, when the Commiffioners have given account of their proceedings at Rippon, I can yet forefee nothing more to be done here, but that the Great Council will then diffolve, and we may be cominf* towards London on Monday ; where I can never hope for better content than in waiting on your Majefty, and being a witnefs of your Majefty's health, which is always in the beft devotions of Your Majefty's moft humble, and moft faithful devoted fervant, • York, Friday night, T„ T7t^^„ n * *3d Odober, 1640. J J0' "NCH, C *. * It is plain from thisletter, that Finch was made Lord Keeper by the Queen's intereft. STATE PAPERS, 207 >- CHARLES- I. Earl of St. Albans and Clanriearde to Secretary Winde>~ <- — - — -* banker Sir, ^^^ .¦/*¦¦ "^HERE being a ceffation of arms agreed upon, and the per- z6th oa»- feding of the treaty transferred to London, we have little matter left for intelligence of public affairs. Llaving found fuch admirable patience in your royal Mafter, I fhall with the mere boldnefs prefume upon your's, by giving you fome account thereof. Yefterday, in the afternoon, there happened a very fharp rencounter (in his Majefty's prefence) between my Lord Lieutenant and myfelf, which lafted above two hoursf; and neither my refolution nor memory failed me, to exprefs what coulcfc be objeded againft fuch a perfon, by one fo much injured as I con ceived myfelf to be ; and the debate had this conclufion, I have re covered all my tenures and chiefryes, that were fo much threatened to be taken from me ; and the King will make good his former grant, and the Lieutenant did engage himfelf to obey it ; and to- give diredion for the difpatch of it in Ireland. Only it doth ftick upon this point; he, under pretence of fervice to the King, would have Afhleag, a principal manor of mine in the county of Rofcom- mon, and give me land for it, to the full value, in the county of Gal way; and the King (as I conceive), more out of compaffion to him in this conflid, than any neceffity of his fervice, requires my promife of this, before he confirms his- former order. I have yet abfolutely refufed it, as being contrary to his Majefty's inftrudions ; and that, if I admit of a breach in one part, it may run over all, and mangle my whole eftate; for he would- hot particularly declare t King Charles was patient and candid in hearing complaints, when not prejudiced againft the perfons.- what: 2o8 STATE PAP E R S. CHARLES what other exchanges fhould be required fof- the advancement of 1.64c /that great fervice. And this concluded the conference for the laft ;night, to be this day renewed. Give me farther leave to intreat the favour as to prefent my Ihumble fervice, unto my Lord Cottington ; and be pleafed to impart .unto him, this encounter of mine with his efpecial friend* j and if he will not eafily pardon this offence, I may grow defperate, and be apt to commit the fame fault often. I have now no time to write to "his Lordfhip, nor to add any more to this, than conftantly to profefs myfelf Tour moft affured friend to ferve you, 4* *6th oStoher, .640. ST' ALBANS 3nd Cl ANRIC ARDE. Ift the Great Council of the Peers, at York, Tuefday 2$th September 164.0, in the Forenoon. PRESENT, The King's moft excellent Majefty, !Lord Keeper, Lord Chamberlain of the King, Lord Privy Seal, Earl of Shrewfbury, &c. &cr &c. Marquis of Winchefter, By the King's command. Petitions of Durham and Northumberland read. "•--.¦;' Earl of Strafforde. Great inconamodity for- the Lords to meet at Northallerton. Rip- jpon the better place. * Lord Strafforde. Houfe's STATEPAPERS. 309 Houfe s refolution , Charles Tp have the meeting at Rippon. l64°- King commanded The Lord Lanerick's anfwer of the 24th of September 1640, to the Scottifh Earls letter and petition laft fent, to be read. Bifhop of Durham *. The petitions of the country exprefs their calamities. He adds, that the Lords commiffioners may be prepared to anfwer the Scots, that fay, the King hath commanded them to ftay where they are, and therefore muft be fupplied. His humble defire that a moti°n may be made to the Scots. Lords, by the commiffioners, to forbear all hoftility during the treaty. King. Before the commiffioners go, to think what to do and fay in that - "- particular. His Majefty defires the Lords to go to the bufinefs of the day, viz. the fecond propofition. Lord Saville. The propofition, how the army fhall be fupplied ? It had been good preventing the ill. That thofe of the King's officers, that know the ftrength of his Majefty's treafury, do give the Lords information. King. If it had not been for fome in London, the King would not have wanted. The-King, for a reafonable time, can caufe his army to fubfift. Unluckinefs in his Majefty and his minifters, elfe he had not wanted money. * Morton. Vol. II. E e Earl iio STATE PAPERS,. Earl Strafforde. Anfwers the objedion. If there had been good forecaft in the bufinefs, by the Klhg^ minifters, it might have turned out better. It was the general advice of the council *? King. Let us think what Is fit to be had ; and then, how. Matter of money only required ; for other matters the Kingt wants not. He refers the information to the Lord Strafforde, and others^ thate know the ftate of the army". Two hundred thoufand pounds his Majefty thinks a fit fum* Intended (as he conceives) to be reimburfed f,. North X ¦¦ Congratulates the King's prefence. One word of four fyllables», Parliament, like the dew of Heaven. He thinks this meeting will be of length. The commiffioners of Scots, will not recede from their firft de> mands, for religion, &c. Two ways for money, forced or freei Force not to be ufed. Free, he knows none but benevolence. And fuppafes all men: will admit it, in regard of the good and fafety of the public. A royal fubfidy heretofore given. He will give a royal fubfidy. • EaH Berk/hire. Some propofition to be made. Yorkfhire, and fhires adjacent, and London, to engage themfelves with promifes to be repayed. * Thefe minutes are very incorrefl, and f i ,. to the lenders, when the Parliament here, as in leveral other places, we are at a lofs met. for the precife meaning. j Lord, Northampton. 8 King. STATE PAPERS. an King. CHARLES "& ' I. Yorkfhire" not able to go much farther. They are ready with , l6f°' their trained bands. Earl vf Strafforde. Yorkfhire hath been at a vaft charge ; and fo impoverifhed, that their men are licenfed to go home, to be ready to return at an hour's warning. They have need rather to be fupplied ; and that the Lords would contribute to them, as the wall between them and danger. He offers to give an account of the ftate of the army. He took the army as he found it, and fo would give an account, and is not accountable for former adions. A fortnight's vidual in arrear to Yorkfhire. In pay, between nineteen and twenty thoufand foot.' Twenty-two or twenty-three hundred horfe, befide the Scottifh reformed officers regiments, all in pay ; which amounts to fixty thoufand pounds by the month ; and this will be requifite. If this army diffolve and difband, the other army * being as it is, in fuch a pofture, this country is loft in two days, and the fire will at laft go to the fartheft houfe in the ftreet. No hiftory can mention fo great an infamy, as the deferting this. Two hundred thoufand pounds as little as the army can fubfift with, until the parliament fupply ; which is not fpeedily paid. It hath been his advice not to put it to a day, or to fight ; but to wear them out by time. Imputed to him to be for fighting f ; by reafon, he faid, to put fpirit in the retiring foldiers, that he would fight with them ; and only for that reafon $. * ,-. e. The Scottifh. J Thefe vaunting fpeeches given out to en- + This contradicts the common accounts courage the foldiers have occafioned the mif- of hiftory. Indeed common hiftory is com- take about Lord Strafforde's opinion. mon fame. E e 2 Earl al2 STATE PAPERS, £<2r/ Betks. A catalogue of the great towns in England, and the Lords to fend- under their hands, unto them. Earl BriftoTf. He conceives the propofition for money, by way of benevolence, or racking the country, will not do. The city of London muft do it. They will look for fecurity. By declaring a Parliament, the army ftrengthened to ten thou fand men.' No want of money in London. Good fecurity offered ; but hindered by difaffedion. Nothing hath hindered the fupplies from London, but difaffedion to the courfes taken ; as that of the mint and black fnoney. The benefit of this Parliament, and affurance that the people's grievances fhall be relieved ; their affedion will return. The beft courfe will be, to let the Londoners know, by the Lords, of real courfes. If they may be fecured, they will lend. There fore the King's minifters to confider of it. That nothing may foreftal the Parliament, by the Lords. Lord Goring £. He differs only in one point, that if the Lords now go in a joint body to fignify the King's real intents to the' citizens, it will prevail. # King. If not fpeedily done, it will not be effedual. Earl Berks. To add other towns to London, as Briftol, &c. by which they . will be engaged ; and that London fhall fee, it is not only they. t No Peer had been worfe ufed by King J Vice-Chamberlaine to the King, after- Charles than Lord Briftol, and none behaved wards Earl of Norwich. He had profit- better. He meant to ruin Laud and Straf-- able jobs, and was a fin* gentleman of that forde, and then to fupport the crown. day. Earl STATE PAPERS. 213 Earl Briftol ' CHARLES -Some fmall addition from other cities ; but all will follow Lon- 1640. don ; and they muft begin the precedent. Some of the Lords to be fent to the Londoners, and by letter *. Lord Keeper. A letter to the Londoners from the Lords, under all their hands. Three or four of the Lords to be fent with the letter; Lords Committees to draw the letter. Earl Strafforde, Lord North, Lord Keeper, ' Lord Goring, Lord Privy Seal, My Lord Chief Juftice, Earl Briftol, and Mr. Attorney. Earl Hertford, Mr. Secretary Vane. Earl Bedford, *f" / could not hear. *j" / could not hear. Lord Maynard. Lord Falconbridge. Earl Briftol. Before the letter drawn, that the officers' of the King may fignify what fecurity fhall be given to the Londoners. Earl Monmouth. The Peers to give their fecurity. Ear I Berks. The letter, that the Lords will give their fecurity, if the King's. affignment be not ready. King Promifes to repay the Lords. * This opinion was followed. t i. e. The note-taker could not hear. Earl 214, STAT E P A P E R 3. ' Earl Briftol. All the Lords will engage themfelves. If this will not ferve, let the King give what fecuniy he can, and in fupplement the Lords will engage themfelves. - ' All the Lords Offer to engage themfelves, every one freely, for the fecuring of the Londoners, by ,bond. Earl Bridgwater. He conceives my Lord of Enftol in the way to help for money,; rand not by him fpoken at mndora. A Lord's fecurity not of much force heretofore ; but now, moving by a general foul, no man liv ing, under fuch a Prince, will refufe. The prefent getting the money, is the difficulty. Not willing to look back : but our memory may wa"rn us how tfo provide. That no one Lord in this place, but is oound to help at this time. He approves my Lord of Briftol's motion. The main tie, that which muft come from the Parliament. To trie all fecurity of the King and the Lords. Earl Effex. > "Defires expreffion *. Earl. Bridgwater ' >\... Excufes himfelf, and is fully cleared. Lord Goring To write to the Lord Treafurer and other officers there, to com ply with the Lords Commiffioners at London. Lord Wharton. t I could not hear. Earl Strafforde. Carlifle and Berwick %, befides the charge of the army. The fum, of neceffity, to be mentioned in the letter. ••* Obfcure; birth-appears Lord ElTex took + i.e. The note- taker. «; ' jfomething araifs, % Expence of thofe garrifons. Earl mm* STATE PAPER. S. 2TS Earl Briftol. CHARLEf No lefs than two hundred thoufand pounds. -164©. If too great a fum, to be prefently furnifhed, to agree for as much as they= was agreed- to be fix. The King' Defired to name them ; who affigned thefe. Lord Privy Seal, Vifcount Camden> Lord Chamberlain, Lord Coventry^- . Earl of Clarer Lord Goring. Agreed. A Committee to draw the inftrudions. tor thefe Lord* that go to London, to be my Lord Keeper and Privy Seal. His Majefty to write his letter to the officers of hi's revenue, to affift the Lords fent to London. Ordered, that my Lord of Durham do inftrud the, Lords that^ go, In writing, with the ftate of the Bifhopric. A letter of the King to the city of London. The Lords that are to go, are not to engage the Lords far- - ther than by bond. To be added in the inftrudions, that the Lords prefent do de-- fire thofe that are abfent, to join in the fecurity. Archbifhop: 2i6 S T A T E P A PER S. CHARLES Archbifhop of York * 1640. Objedeth, What if the Londoners fhall fay, you fhall have the money, when we fhall have the fecurity ? Commiffion of inquiry made by the Scots, of Bifhops and papifts rents, &c. read, by his Majefty s command. Bifhop of Durham. Some man of authority to be fent by the King, to command the Scots to abftain from exading the contributions during the treaty. . Lord Grey. The like in effed for Northumberland. Refolved, not to be done, until the King be in better pofturcf . Lord Maynard. A copy of Lefley's commiffion, and other petitions of like nature, to be fent by the Lords to London. What feal the letter to London fhall be fealed with ? Refolved, no feal at all |. Lord Keeper Reads the draughts of the inftrudions for the Lords that go to London. 1. Petitions of Durham, and others, to be carried to London by the Lords. 2. To acquaint them with the ads of this affembly of the Peers. 3. The fecurity to be offered, is by bond. 4. All other Peers are to be defired to engage. 5. The office/s of the King fhall be required to affift the LordsT ¦ 6. They fhall agree of the time of payment. Lord Strafforde. Fifty thoufand pounds to be lent within a fortnight. A hundred thoufand pounds within a month after that. And fifty thoufand pounds within a fortnight after. * Dr. Richard Neile. % It fhould have been with the Signet, the + Becaufe the Scots would not mind it. council being convened by the King's authority. 4 Marquis V., *~~J STATE PAPERS. 217 Marquis of Hamilton. CHARLES The Lords to require the Londoners payment to be fifty thoufand 1640. pounds by the 12th of Odober nex't. A hundred thoufand pounds by the 15th of November. And fifty thoufand pounds by the ift of December. And for this, they are to require the affiftance of the officers of the revenue. The 26th September, 1640. Morning. Prefent his Majefty, &c. His Majefty comrharided the letter to the Londoners to be read. Which was done. * All the Lords prefent called by the clerk, by the roll, to fubfcribe their names ; which they did at the table where the clerk writes. The fuperfcription was, To our very loving friend the Lord Mayor, the Aldermen, Citi zens and commonalty of the city of London. Inftrudions for the Lord Deputies to treat with London, read, and ordered to be fubfcribed thus ; Examinatur per me fohawnem Borough, clericum magni concilii. York, the 25 th of September, 164.0. The Lords Deputies went to the King under the ftate, and there kiffing his hands, took their leave. Ordered, That the Lord Traquair, Lord Morton, and Lord Lanerick, fhall go with the Lords appointed to treat with the Scots at Rippon. Concerning inftruclions for the Lords deputed to treat with the Scots. Lord Saville. The demands which they infift upon, and figned by my Lord Traquair and Lord Loudon, to be carried with the Lords Com miffioners. . To have notice of what points they have broken fince the pacification. Vol. II. F f - King. gig STATE PAPERS; CHARLES King. 1640. The original demand figned by the Lord Loudon, not now in fifted upon* Lord Saville. That the "Lord Traquair may anfwer, as he is a gentleman, what * * * Lord Traquair. .:>'•' The Lord Loudon, upon his coming here faid, that their de mands were fcandalized at the council table. He difcharged the truft, not only things, paffed between them and him.. He related rem geftam, as ads of Parliament. What he related, was hiftorically, leaving to the Scots, to {hew their reafons. He was obliged as a rational man. He gave in articles,, by command, at the council table twice,, all" acknowledged by Lord Loudon. He will acknowledge he hath wronged them, if they acknow ledge not all he informed. The firft paper, was their demands. The fecond, their ads, which be proper to be read by the Lords. As where the Lord Loudon faith, that Lord Traquair did report,, as commiffioner to the King's beft advantage ; but, as a gentleman, would not av©w all. He offereth, if he be thereat the meeting, he- will deliver all his knowledge as a faithful counfellor and juft. man. King. The originals of the papers are at London. But they fhall have copies. Lord Traquair. He will fign the copy, and make it good. LorH STATE PAPERS, 219 Lord Saville. CHARLES Whether the Lords fhall infift upon the pacification to be broken 1640. by the Septs ? King. It' will be cleared in the inftrudion. Lord Traquair. Tp defcend to particulars. Earl Berk/hire. To know whether their ads have broken, &c. Earl Briftol. This day's work ; to put it into heads, viz. 3. In the firft place, how my Lords are to be difpatched. The King hath been pleafed, that the great council hath nomi nated the Lords. ¦'¦--<< That the Lords may be accompanied by letters, as thofe that went to London. A Committee for drawing letters. King Defires to be underftood. My Lord mifunderftands that they have not been heard ; and the King not fully fatisfied of their unreafonable demands. The Lords will advife nothing but honourable, juft and fafe. They have been heard and heard again ; but will not prefs it. Only defires to be advifed by them. That the Lord Traquair do fet down the ftate, and thereupon the Lords to judge. Briftol. He fpeaks of the Scots pretenfions. They muft be armed with arguments, and fatisfied how it takes away their pretenfions. King. No letter. Enough honour, that rebels are admitted to treat. F f 2 Briftol 320 STATE PAPERS. CHARLES Briftol. 1640. If without letter, they go as the King's commiflioners, not as in the name of the whole houfe.- Lord Saville. * He defires to know if they fhall have power to allow all the- Scots can prove. Lord Berk/hire. ' The Lords Commiffioners ean conclude nothing, but to report unto the Great Council. King. To go Inftruded why the King cannot grant fuch and fuch things j, and upon their objedions to report to the King. Earl Briftol. If to go upon the ad of pacification, they * muft fhow this or this is in the pacification. The Lords muft fhew the contrary. King. We muft have a rule. Whether the pacification fhall be the rule ? Earl Berk/hire. If the pacification not the rule, what fliall ? Lord Keeper. The pacification hath not been read, and therefore loth to make it a rule. Not to refolve that to be the rule, until the Council know the S^ots allegation. It will be a fhew of prejudging before, if now fet down as a rule. King Differs, and thinks a rule fit. The pacification to be it. Whether not difhonourable to go far ther than the pacification ? * The Scots. If STATE PAPERS. > 221 If the pacification be held, it will alter divers laws and eonftitu- charles 1. tions of Scotland. _ 1.640. But if to go, to fee what the King hath done. Earl of Holland. Reafons. They will urge oaths ; the Lords to have information to anfwer. King. The King never fwore to the pacification. Lord Traquair. The miftake is, they demanded affurance to' the articles, which were figned by the King, but never fworn unto. Marquis of Hamilton. He figned a covenant by order of the King, but never fworn unto. - ( ,- Lord Traquair. It will appear, that they will urge pamphlets, which will breed long debate. Never any queftion concerning the articles of pacification between him and the Scots ; but never any oath. Matter in writing muft be the proof, not what difcourfe hap pened. He will ftand upon nothing but what is under the clerk's hand, or their own. Lord Strafforde. The firft time he heard of an oath. What the ground fhall be of this debate. He conceives the King hath offered gracioufly. He will make good the -pacification. That, the rule. Nothing to be faid, but what falls under the heads of that paci* fication. <•. They require an ad of juftification ; the pacification mentions an ad of oblivion. 222 S TA TE PAPERS. charles Tliey demand to alter the whole courfe of eleding the Lords of 1640. the articles; which is a fundamental law of that kingdom *. All the Lords engage to maintain the King in his right of the Crown, as if they were the rights of the Crown of England. The Privy Council advifed, that if they would infift upon their demands, they fhould be reduced to obedience by force. Whether go farther than the pacification ? The articles of pacification to be the rule. Not to go farther than the pacification, while they are in arms. Earl Berks. They did not at Berwick, except againft my Lord Marquis and' Colonel Ruthven to be admitted into the caftle of Edinburgh. Lord Saville. Agrees with Lord Strafforde in matter, but not in reafons. 'If any thing fhall be offered for the good of Scotland, though to alter an old law f . King. They are now in rebellion ; but when they are reduced, then he will confider of matters of grace %. Lord Strafforde. He would not have the King exceed the pacification, while they are in arms. He moves to chufe fome other, in place of my Lord Clare, be ing fick. Ordered, the Other five may go without him. Earl Briftol. Whether the pacification to be the rule ? The Scots will make it the rule. * Altered in 1641, reftored at the reftora- % But the King did not confider that rebels. tion, re-altered at the revolution. on equal terms, may eafier be induced than 4- Means (I prefuxne) that it ought to be forced. t'.'JllC. Ordered, STATEPAPERS. 223 Ordered* the pacification to be the rule. charles In the afternoon, to begin by the pacification, to fee in what points 1640. they have broken it. -And to fee all their demands. Earl Hertford. If the pacification be as the text, and differed upon, who fhall judge ? King. The King, and the Lords here, to be Judges *. They demand that the garrifons in Berwick and Carlifle fhould be difmiffed. Not within the articles. They dare not fay it is within the articles. . x Lord Marquis of Hamilton. To think what articles of inftrudion to give unto the Lords. - King. Inftrudions to fhew how the Scots demands go with the articles ©f pacification. In the afternoon. PRESENT. The King. Lord Keeper, Lord Marquis, Manchefter, Shrewfbury, &c. &c. Earl of Briftol ¦ Befeecheth the King to pre fide as Moderator of this afternoon's work. Which the houfe humbly intreated.. The pacification read. Bi/hpp of Durham. The party that breaks the covenant, diffolves the covenant. Earl Briftol. Since the pacification to be the rule, whether the Lords fhall not prefs the Scots to make it their rule, and then to examine parti culars? * To be fure as to England, King. 224 STATE PAPERS. CHARLES I. King. 1640. What, if they will not ftand, becaufe they fay the King, hath broken ? He defires that his freedom fhould not oblige him to his preju dice ; he is content to - - - - Secretary Vane. Refolved, He may fpeak as an affift-ant. Neceffary that the Scots do join in iffue,v that the pacification fhall be the rule. They have expreffed to defire nothing more than the pacificationj, They have violated the pacification. They defire by their petition laft come in, to come to a fpeedy conclufion. That petition to be read ; and that to be the firft ground of the treaty ; they have defired only to have accefs to be heard. , Earl Briftol. He is confident they will not refufe the rule of the pacification. 1. Rational. 2. By their publifhed papers, they infift upon the pacification. 3. Marquis of Hamilton informed they would admit the pacification to be the ground. King. Whether it will not be a difhonour to the nation, to yield tha,t they refufe that pacification that they have yielded Unto? Marquis of Hamilton. All the letters are, that they would yield to the pacification ; and in his opinion, that they will ftill ; but only his opinion *. King. His Majefty is of another opinion. They will fay, the King hath broken the pacification, and therefore they not now obliged: * The pacification was drawn in fuch general terms, that each party put different fenfes upon it. It was a hafty bufinefs. 7 Marquis STATE PAPERS. 225 Marquis of Hamilton. CHARLES They forced to do what they did, fince, the pacification being 1640. broken. -.h>K King. If they fhall fay, the King broke firft, and therefore not obliged now, what to anfwer ? Lord Strafforde. They have firft broken. Firft, to render all forts, and then to difcharge their tables. King. Whether the Lords fhall hold them to the pacification ? Lord Strafforde. To lay afide all difpute about the pacification ; but to know whe ther now they will ftand to the. pacification. Lord Briftol. All to be declined, that may caufe difpute. No conclufion to be made upon the pacification ; but upon all the matter. Two ways. 1. If his Majefty were in cafe, it were beft to bring them on their knees. 2. But now, confidering their ftrength, New caftle and the two provinces taken, We muft now fpeak of the b.ufi- nefs^ as to men that have gotten thefe advantages. King. The inftrudions will be very fhort. 1 . The pacification to be the rule. 2. That the Lords have advifed the King to ftick to the pacifica- tion, and that the King conceives the laws defired "*, to be a breach, and the Lords to know the reafons. Lord Traquair. Whether the pacification the rule ? He fees no rule but that, They have no ground to take away fome laws, but the pacification. * Before the war, and after the pacification. .Vol. II. G g King 226 ST, ATE PAP ER S. CHARLES King. 1640. InftrucT:ions the only queftion." ,.r v ' Lord Saville. . ' No queftion but that his Majefty is to ftick to the pacification. But if they fhall fay they will not; What to anfwer? , Lord Mandeville. The pacification the rule. If they propound any other matter to report to the King. King. To hold them to the pacification. If they will be freed, then the Lords to advife the King to be free. Earl Strafforde. The Lords not to conclude, but to hear, and to report to the King and the Lords. To hear in the mean time, what can be faid for the King, as well as what for them. Lord Mandeville. He conceived that the Lords fhould enforce the King's reafonr and to hear theirs, and to report. Marquis of Hamilton. The Lords Commiffioners to attend the King, to hear what can be faid. King. Information to the Lords in general. Inftrudidns to be by the Lords agreed. Agreed, The Lords that go this journey, with the King. Lord Keeper to draw up inftrudions. They return from the Committee ; who agree that the inftruc- tions fhall come from the King. Mem orandum. STATEPAPERS. 227 CHARLES Memorandum. 1640. This Order is to be entered the 28th of September. "IT was this day ordered by his Majefty, with the advice of the Peers, that Mr. Attorney General fhall prepare a bill ready for his Majefty's fignature, containing a commiffion to Francis Earl of Bed ford, William Earl of Hertford, Robert Earl of Effex, William Earl of Salifbury, Robert Earl of Warwick, Henry Earl of Holland, John Earl of Briftol, Thomas Earl of Berks, Philip Lord Wharton, William Lord Paget, Edward Lord Kimbolton, Robert Lord Brooke, John Lord Pawlet of Hinton St. George, Edward Lord Howard of Efcrick, Thomas Lord Saville, and Francis Lord Dunfmore * ; giv ing unto them, or any ten or more of them, power to treat with Charles Earl of Dumfermlin, John Lord Loudon, Sir William Douglas of Cavers, Sir Patrick Hepburne of Wauchtown, John Smith, Alexander Wedderburne, Alexander Henderfon, and Archi bald Johnfton, or any of them, deputed J>y his Majefty's fubjeds of Scotland, or nominated on their behalfs; and to take into confider ation the demands of the faid Scots ; and to compofe and conclude all differences arifing thereupon, or otherwife, as they, or any ten or more of them, in their wifdoms fliall think fit." Monday, 28th September, 1640. PRESENT. The King's Majefty, &c. &c. &c. .', Two letters read in anfwer to the Lord Lanerick's letter of treaty ; the one of the 25th, the other of the 26th. The copy of the fafe-condud required by the Scots read. Debated whether the Peers fhall fubfcribe. * Moft of thefe Lords were then Patriots. G g 2 Earl 228 STATE P A P ER S. CHARLES . • Earl Briftol. 16 40. Ancient charters with this, teftibus, of the- nobles. Bifhop of Winchefter *. Evident, that in Matthew Paris, divers names of the Lords are fubfcribed to charters. Earl Huntington. A deed of Ed. VI.'s time, in his keeping, where the King figned above, and the Lords under. King Will not exprefs one way or other, but do this with the Lords advice. Lord Saville. It is a dilemma. Moves that the King will exprefs himfelf. King Excufes himfelf. If he afk counfel, He will follow it ; if command, he looks to be obeyed. Lord Keeper. That they may be commanded by the King to fubfcribe. x King. If they advife him to command them, he will do it. When a counfel is given by the moft part, all the Lords are included. Earl Effex. They know not the ftate of the army, and therefore can give no advice. Mr. Secretary. Kings have complied in fome cafes, which they would not other- wife have done. * Dr. Walter Curie. To STATE PAPER S. 229 To pafs over thefe punctilios, whereby the mafk of the Scots will Charles be difcovered. i64'0i. He offers it, whether it be not beft to fubfcribe it as is defired, and without any command from the King ? / Earl Briftol. The King may go fingle in his courts, as Starchamber; and there is no voting in councils where the King is prefenti King. This being new, he will not do it of himfelf, but by the advice of their Lordfhips. The King is confident to do nothing without their counfel. Bifhop of Durham. To put it to the queftion. Houfe. All againft it*. - i King. No vote againft it, therefore to" pafs. Earl Strafforde. Queftion, Whether the fafe condud flialL be fubfcribed by the Lords ? His opinion,. the King to fubfcribe it only. A prefumption to fet their hands. . Earl of Monmouth, and Duke of Lenox, diffent from fubferibing, fo Earl Bridgwater. Earl Briftol. The laft year, the King's pafs under the Secretary's hand. But upon their refufal to come, the King figned it. He defires it to be interlocutory between my Lord Strafforde and him, to know of him, iff, Whether the King fliall break, if they * i. e. All againft putting it to the queftion. refufe ? 23q STATE PAPERS. CHARLES refufe ? 2dly, Whether upon my Lord Strafforde's knowledge, and .1640. the reft of the officers, the army be in pofture to oppofe, if break ? If fo, then the Lords, will agree. King"*. No man here to give another man fatisfadion, nor to difpute the caufe between man and man. Diftinguiflaes ; the army fufficient, and not fufficient. -.,, ¦; Whatfoever the Lords will counfel with an unanimous confent, he will do it; To look to honour. His. army ftrong enough, if their Lords do agree with him. The King will refufe nothing that is reafonable. But to fear to break, becaufe they are ftronger, he will not. , He allows free fpeech, and takes no exception ; or if he did, he would openly and plainly do it.- %Earl Strafforde. He came at the end of the debate, and therefore might miftake. The firft time, if commanded, he would obey; If the fecond time commanded, he would obey. Great difference between the teftibus, and to have names fub fcribed. Anfwer my Lord of Briftol. 1. Whether in cafe the fafe-condud be refufed, he would advife to break the treaty ? He will not advife pofitively to break a treaty ; it is of too high a nature. But not to agree to all they demand, but to ftand upon honour and juftice ; and this, to be the rule. And he fuppofed they will accept that is fo f, rather than the King to grant that is not fo. * The King was in the right, but my Lord Strafforde anfwers the queftions directly. t i. '• Honourable, &o 3 2. Much S T A T E m P A P E R S. 231 2. Much lefs to affure that the army is in cafe to drive them out CHARLES of the kingdom, • 1640. t -„- / The events of war are doubtful, and not poffible for to give affurance of the fuccefs. He will give an account of the ftate of the army ; and they to advife what is fit to be done. He will give now an account. He hath given an account of the army, to the Lords of the council before. They might be then not in cafe to fight, but may now be. They had not then the ufe of their arms. If now they have, they are in cafe to fight. Their foldiers as unfit for fight then as we, and therefore come upon equal terms. ^ ¦-_ : -We have more men, than they have at Newcaftle and Durham j theirs, not above twenty thoufand foot. \ .. We nineteen thoufand foot in pay, befides twelve thoufand ofthe trained bands : who are i Their horfe, about eighteen hundred or two thoufand, and a thoufand dragoons. Their arms Our horfe, two thoufand three hundred or two thoufand four hundred. He will undertake that the King's army fhall have the ufe of their arms, which is all can be expeded of him ; but will not give any affurance of fuccefs. If money be not wanting, his Majefty may be in condition to give them the law. We are not to agree to all they require, for fear of breach. He can tell the ftate injaclo ; but their Lordfhips know beft hoW to advife. He will give his opinion. ¦>¦'¦ Earl 232 S T A T E P A P E R S. Charles • Earl Briftol. 1640. He explains all. N , >; . ;.,; , .; \Lord SavilU. They did not require their hands ; but out of doubt that their fecurity cannot be good,' without the fubfcription of the Peers. They, cannot advife that it is not fecure without their fub fcription. King. ... He defires their advice, and will not do without them. Northampton. He offers, if his Majefty figning at the top, and they at the bot tom, it takes away their prefumption. King. Either that they do fubfcribe, or with his teftibiis ; or the King to write a fair letter, that it is not the cuftom of England to fubfcribe. Earl Hertford. Earl Briftol. King. It is not for the honour of him or, them, to advife any thing that may have a doubtful conftrudion. Therefore plainly to do,- what they do. Lord Keeper. He is of opinion his teftibiis. Lord Warwick. King. Never any fafe-condud, but only by the King. , Lord Mandeville. He thinks it may fairly be his tejlibus, if they fubfcribe by the King's command. Lord STATE PAPER'S. 933 Lord Brooke. charles They will accept of it, with his teftibus. 1640. The fafe condud commanded to be read. Earl Hertford. They may fubfcribe without exception ; for it is by their advice* and fo they fubfcribe. Earl Berks-. An advice never figned. Earl Hertford. We can give them no fafe condud of ourfelves. King. The conftrudion of fubfcribing to advice, and not to the fafe they fay. Two ways, either to remove them by force, or to main tain them, leaft they fpoil the country. This maintenance during the treaty, and is only by way of preparation to a treaty. To give them money would argue they have the better army. If able to f The contribution* repel STATE P A P LR S.: 243 fepel them, no maintenance to be given ; but if they have the bet- Charles ter, for preventing of fpoilingthe country, to come to fome compo- 1640. fition. He thinks it may ftand with honour §. King. None of the Lords will advife to give a penny, if they could re move them by force. Nothing can be undertaken, as to warrant fuccefs. He will do nothing but with their Lordfhips advice* He will lay the ftate of his army unto them. Let him have, according to my Lord Northampton's propofition, and he will do his beft. If the adjacent counties will do any thing, as they offer. Since money is to be given to him, or them, or both 5 if laying all to the King's army, there may be a flop given them. Earl Briftol. Whatfoever is given, Is given to the King. This admits no de bate ; for it muft be during the treaty of ceffation. If, upon a contingent hope of money, a certain treaty be put off it is to be confidered. If there be not. certain means to maintain war, it is not to be put to a contingency. Therefore the King's officers to confider of it. King *. He defires to fpeak as Duke of York. Heed to be taken to raife means with a fhock of Parliament, as Earl Briftol fays. A fhock f of Parliament to give invaders or rebels money. Though we refufe their demands, yet a middle way to treat. One thing he defires to be remembered. The city hath promifed to lend two hundred thoufand pounds ; this will maintain the army three months. § Query, Whether Lord Holland was not in intelligence with the Scots ? * This fpeech of the King's very obfcure. f It will mock Parliament to,. &c. I i 3 With 244 S T..A TE PAPERS. > CHARLES NWith this money he can raife greater forces. If he do, they 1640. muft ftarve if kept there. Earl Bridgwater. Ceffation of arms fpecially in charge. Ifa ceffation, it feems, it muft be bought out. He defires to know what hoftile ads have been done, fince they came to Newcaftle. If this be a mean to fhock the Parliament, it may be faid, the King hath taken all this money he took up, for enemies. It may be*. Lord Fauconhridge. If his Majefty do not keep them fafe, they are all ruined; The maintenance to keep them where they are. Ten thoufand parifhes in England, hamlets, and towns. Earl Huntingdon. Not to give money. If other counties will do as my Lord Mow bray, &c. the King's army may keep them where they are. Lord' Cher bury "j\ He cannot fubfcribe to give any thing for a treaty. Never heard that a treaty was brought to recal difbanded forces. And to fpend the money in maintaining of forces, the city Jj will take it ill their money is given to buy a treaty.. King, Money to he raifed neceffarily, befides a parfiamentary way. If you raife money to pay thefe rebels, it muft be befides Parlia- ment. Whether better to give rebels money, or to flop- them ? Earl Briftol. Their frugality will go farther in paying an army. Forty thbu- + Herbert, the hiftorian of Henry VIII. || The city inclined to the Scotch- on account of puritanifm. fand STATE PAPERS. 245 fanff pounds to be given them, and eighty thoufand pounds to main- CHARLES tain an army againft them. 1640. As much more to be allowed for the King's army, as for theirs. A large body ofthe Scots will be brought together by this money, when the treaty is done.. Lord Keeper. Things to be confidered. The honour and fafety of the kingdom. Rather would perifh, than to give a penny, unlefs the kingdom be in danger. Whether the King can make defence for the prefent, and that they do no more hurt. If they would make reafonable propofition of their demands, then fomething to be given; but to give this for a little talk of uncer tainty. It fhall be done by Parliament, and not by him. King: What advice they will give him, if they will give them no • money ? Earl Northampton.- Two queftions. I.. Whether any thing fhall be given'them. a. Whether they will treat without it. Lord Cherbury. Neither army to ftand on foot, but a great part to be retrenched. If they will not treat upon thefe . terms, . it will draw off their mafk. To recal the difmiffed forces. King. To clear the report that faith, the King fhould bid them ftay: there. - It is cleared by-the letter. Lord Wharton. v The Lords took their demands, forty thoufand pounds, in fuch indignation, that they would not give it an anfwer. 1 To *46 STATE PAPER S, , Charles To debate whether we fhall give them any thing at all, or not. That the Lords will advife whether they will give any thing, of nothing. Earl Briftol. ~ He conceives this not the point they are to fpeak unto. If you give them nothing, they will wholly ruin the provinces of Durham and Northumberland. Whether you will leave them there, ¦to ruin thofe provinces, if you give nothing * Lord Saville. They have eight hundred and fifty, pounds a day ; if this were propofed, he thinks this would fatisfy. If you take this contribution off, you muft give retribution. King. This contribution they have taken againft our wills, fhall we now allow it them willingly ? Whether we fhall give them a voluntary contribution, or that they take it againft our wills $ Earl Briftol. They have two great armies coming from Scotland. King. He propofeth the queftion again. The queftion is, whether to give them any thing, or remove them by force* To confider, whether thofe of Durham and Northumberland, having committed no fault, fhall be only punifhed ? Earl Strafforde. This demand hath opened our eyes. If his Majefty had been believed, we had not been in this cafe. Nothing of religion moves in this bufinefs, 7 They S T A T t PAPERS. 247 They come in with a great army ; which they had never done, charles if the city of London had done this they have done, fix months ago. 1640. It was defigned that an army fhould have been upon the borders in July. They fortify Newcaftle, therefore mean to ftay ; at Tinmouth, at Morpeth, they poffefs themfelves of coal.. They now reinforce their army with three or four thoufand men from Scotland ; the Earl of Argyle follows- with fo many more. They cannot be removed this winter with an army of fixty thou~ fand men. They have advanced a thoufand men into Durham* He that bow fpeaks not, may be accounted an enemy. For their demand is, either contribution or forty thoufand pounds a month. It is plain that my Lords Commiffioners have expreffed as much* care and judgment in their treaty, as may be. To deliver any opinion, he joins with my Lord Keeper and Brif tol, to defer it until to-morrow. The hints of councils to be taken from the affedions of the people in England ; if that be right* The Londoners example hath much turned his opinion. No council X to S° UP to l^e Scots now in this feafon j but to make good as much as we have. He hath applied himfelf more to fome of the army than now he fliall, in refped of want of money ; but having money he means to take a fhorter courfe for their difcipline. If the foldiers be rightly perfuaded * of the caufe, he doubts not of our fuccefs. For the two counties f, it is not poffible to relieve them, unlefs- by paying forty thoufand pounds. J, Not advifable. * That points at the difaffedion of the army. f Northumberland and the Bifhopric of Durham, If 248 STATE, PAPERS. CHARLES If forty thoufand pounds a month had been lately demanded, for 1640. maintaining oT the King's array, would any man have advifed it to be done without a Parliament ? And how then, this to the Scots ? No further danger likely, but to Weftmorland and Cumberland. Cumberland will raife an army, every fifth man to be maintained by four others. Yet the Scots may move there with a part of their army. It is out of their way to relieve their diftreffed brethren. -This, fo mighty a bufinefs, both to the King, kingdom and our felves, would be maturely thought upon. Concurs for deferring the debate until to-morrow. Ordered, To be debated to-morrow, whether any thing fhall be given. York, Wednefday, the jtfcOclober. Forenoon. His Majefty prefent. A printed pamphlet, Of the lawfulnefs of the Scots expedition into England, read. Earl BriftoL This, a printed declaration, and therefore they will infift upon it, according to their letter to thp Earl of Lanerick. Lord Keeper*. That the fourth claufe may be read again, wherein are, moft* railing and barbarous words againft the Englifh nation. To the work of the day. I. To debate the anfwer of their demands. 2. To remove the treaty here at York. King. Whether to debate the anfwer to their demands, before the Lords at Rippon be here ? For Vum m . STATE PAPERS. For removing the treaty to York ; he inclines to draw it hither. Earl Briftol. To fend a poft to advertife the Lords at Rippon. King. The Scots, if they come hither, are to be required to bring power to treat and conclude, which now they have not. Earl Briftol. A difpatch to the Lords there*, to tell the Lords that the King commands them to come hither, and to tell the Scots Commiffioners that they fhall do well to fend for power to treat. King. To inform the Lords there, that the treaty is likely to be drawn in' length ; therefore to tell the Scots plainly, that the King will have the treaty removed hither, and therefore command them to fend for commiffion to treat here. Lord Saville. To intimate to the Lords of Scotland, his Majefty's- refolution of removing the treaty. Earl of Briftol and others of the Lords to draw a letter to the Lords at Rippon, as may appear, beginning Our very good Lords, &c. The letter read and engroffed.. Earl Briftol . Makes repetition of words fpoken the day before, concerning the fupply of the city. And is cleared by the Lords to have fpoken nothing but what he repeated. King. If any Lord fpeak any thing in the houfe, to which exception is to be taken ; it is prefently to be done, or elfe not afterward to be reported. * At Rippon. Vol. II. K k Tork, 249 250 STATE P A P E R S. 1640. CHARLES . -¦ lln York, Friday, the tyh Oilober, 1640. Afternoon. The Scottifh paper read, beginning-, Nothing is3 ire. ¦King. They will have" an anfwer to, thefe preparatory demands, that they will not proceed without them. Whether they will advife now, or flay 'till the reft of the Lords that are abfent at Rippon ? If how, to enter into debate. Lord Keeper. Whether we fhall now debate it in abfence of the Lords ? King . ,' Defires the Lords opinions, whether he fhall fend to the Lords at Rippon, to haften hither. Defires the Earl of Bedford and Vifeount Mandeville to fpeak. Earl Bedford. If he fend to the Lords there, to fignify to the Lords Com- ' miffioners of Scotland, that for the more mature debate and" con cluding of bufinefs, they are commanded to return to York, willing them to do the like. ' Earl Huntingdon. To fend Tor the Lords at Rippon, but to let the Scots, being rebels, to know, that the Lords will not give them a penny. King. As foon as the transferring of the treaty from Rippon hither, be refolved, to come away. Earl Northampton: If they will not condefcend to come, to let them go to Newcaftle, to know the minds of their commanders. King. That the Lords hath called his Commiffioners hither, to corrfult of an anfwer to their preparatories, and they to go to Newcaftle. Some STATEPAPERS. 251 Some of the Lords to go, and to draw a letter to the Lords at CHARLES Rippon. l64°- Earl Strafforde. Not to do the King that difhonour, to let the world know tha1 the King will do any thing they will. Not to draw all the Lords from thence, and to leave the Scots there alone ; but to let them treat, to know what they will require. King. To give them an anfwer ; but whe.ther they will do it without the Lords abfent, or not. Earl Strafforde. To anfwer, that the Lords have no power to grant any fiich demand, without Parliament. Earl Briftol. If .the King wiU not give their army maintenance, to confider whether they have not means in their hands to get themfelves main tenance, and may get two provinces more. King. The queftion, whether they will give an anfwer before the Lords at Rippon return. Earl Strafforde. If you fend for all away, the Scots will quarrel, which he will not give advice to do ; but to grant them any diflionourable terms, , lie will firft die. Lord Keeper. To fend a letter to-night to the Lords, to come to-morrow, and they return on Monday again to Rippon. King. If you fend for the Lords, and tell them- they fhall have an answer at a certain day, they will thank you for it. A letter to be written. K k 3 Earl I STATE PAPERS. Earl Bridgwater. All the Lords of opinion (as he conceiveth) to keep on the treaty. Marquis of Hamilton Defires to know, to what end the letter intended, is to be written. King. Not to diffolve the treaty by calling the Lords hither, but to let them know the neceffity of their prefence. Marquis of Hamilton. It will give a great delay ; the Scots will not be induced to ftay, without the Lords. Therefore to propound fomething to fatisfy them. An anfwer to be given to as many of their demands, as the King and Lords fhall think fit. The reft to be advifed upon, and therefore they to be fent back to Newcaftle. King. Not refolved what to fay to their demands, but muft take time to confider. Earl Strafforde. Admit the Lords leave them ; and they go away ; whether it will fhew well ? Earl Briftol. To fee if the Lords there can induce the Scots to ftay for an anfwer until Monday ; and to leave fome Lords there. Earl Strafforde. To confider the time of Parliament ; it will raife jealoufy, if it fhould not be held. A time muft be to fettle the army here, if it do not difband. A competent fum, being uncertain, worfe than to demand in certain. King. STATE PAPERS, 253 King. CHARLES To advife whether they fhall have their army maintained by our 1640. wills and advice, and then to reduce the fum to as low as may be. The Scots will fay, If you will give us nothing, you muft not take it ill that we take our own courfe. Earl Briftol. The bufinefs, how the Lords may come hither, and not to break the treaty. The Lord Keeper, Earl Bedford, Earl Hertford, Briftol, and Vifcount Mandeville, appointed to write the letters. Thefe Lords read the letter, beginning, &c. . York, Sunday, the nth Oilober, 1640. Afternoon. PRESENT, The King's Majefty, &c. , , The letter from the Lords Commiffioners, beginning Upon the receipt, 8cc. Dated at Rippon, the 1 oth of Odober, and The Lords propofition at Rippon, given to the Scottifh Com miffioners there, beginning His Majefty hath, <&c. read. King Requires the Lords advice. Lord Cherbury. Seeing a filence, he defires to fpeak. No money coming from London, to be given. If by any other means, he will not be averfe. And continues his opinion given the other day. Lord Maynard. No anfwer to the main point of the Lords letter, that the Lords Commiffioners at Rippon fhould come hither to advife. King. 254 STATE PAPERS. CHARLES King. 1640. Though fit, yet not neceffary, .for,, they will concur with my Lords here. Earl -Hertford. They ftay, becaufe the Scots will take 'it ill, if they fhoujd go away. Enough Lords here to debate. King. Inconveniencies of both fides ; as it may be diflionourable to give; fo to confider how to fave the fpoil. Earl Briftol. The ftate of the queftion now, whether it will be better to leave the Scots to their, own way, or to treat of an accommoda tion, and that *~ King. Whether the army be maintained, a -queftion. Earl Briftol. ¦ They have a great army, which is to be removed by force, or intreaty. They will not ftir : and a neceffity that their army muft be .maintained. King. No neceffity to lay that as a ground. • The queftion may be otherwife put, whether we fhall fuffer them to do what they will, or to hinder them, either by force or otherwife ? , Earl Briftol. The queftion, whether they fhall be left to their own ways, or way of accommodation ? A fad confutation. He prays that the reft of the abfent Lords may be prefent. If he muft give advice, he .defires to look over his notes/ to 3 King. STATE PAPERS.' 255 King. t. — * 1 CHARLES A kind of neceffity for the Lords to give their advice, without >64°- thofe at Rippon. Firft, it will delay time. Next, it will break the treaty. Earl Northampton. He thinks it rather to break, than the Lords to be abfent, To fend our opinions to the Lords at Rippon, and they to fend their advice. Earl Briftol. The Commiffioners here, to go to' Rippon to the Lords , there. King. If they go,, the Lords there will incline to peace, if they find the Lords here inclined thereunto. But if the Lords here give their advice to let the Scots take their courfe, fome of the Lords there "Will be of that opinion. He moves, Whether to fend for moft of the Lords at Rippon ? Earl Briftol. " The Scots are impatient to delay. This bufinefs may be debated here. King. Let it be debated, and leave the pofitive refolution till the Lords come. Earl Strafforde* Defirous the reft of the Lords fhould be here, to debate in a mat ter of fo great confequence, the univerfal peace of the kingdom, the honour and dignity of the Crown. It were better the Lords were here. The only danger is the breach of the treaty. And would rather yield to pundilios than break the treaty. * He differs with the King about the Lords coming. II I. 1640. f- STATE PA PER S. 250 charles If the Lords be fent for now, they may be here to-morrow, to debate the matter to-morrow in the afternoon. The Scots may have an anfwer on Tuefday morning. And if they will not allow the King one day for a refolution, their hafte is very great. To fignify to the Scots, that they will ftay until Tuefday morning} and to fend fome young Lords to them there. King. Whether it fhall be at Rippon ? Earl Hertford. They will be content to ftay at Rippon for one day. The whole Council agrees that the treaty fhall continue at Rippon. Earl Briftol. Two or three Lords to continue there with the Scots at Rippon, and the reft to come hither to debate. A letter to be written from York, to this effed, That the King is content to have the treaty continue at Rippon, and that, for the better expediting of the anfwer, the reft of the Lords may come hither. Lord Cherbury. He- is of opinion, for the King to get time ; and the progrefs will be made impoffible. To fend and fee what fortifications are made upon the river of Tees. To fend to fee the fords, whether paffable at this time of the year. King. , To fpeak- this to-morrow in full Council, being very pertinent ; viz. to know what fecurity we fhall have, that our going will hinder the plundering of the counties. He is ill ufed on both fides. The Scots owe him no good will. Others here regret that he hath no care of his people of Northumberland, &c. but that they may be plundered. Lord STATE PAPERS. Lord Keepir. It will not be long ere the people will be rightly informed of his Majefty's care and good affedions *. Earl of Briftol came and read the letter to the Lords Commif fioners at Rippon, which, was engroffed, beginning, We have re ceived, &c. .Signed by Hertford. nthOaoberi640. BRISTOL. Wharton. To the Right Hon. our very good Lords, the Lords Commiffioners remaining at Rippon. Sent by Mr. Dias to the poft, to be fent away fpeedily. De livered at four o'clock in the afternoon. 2S7 York, Monday, 12 th Oilober, 1640. Afternoon. PRESENT, The King's Majefty, &c. The remonftrance preparative read, of 10th of Odober. The paper of remonftrance to the Commiffioners read} which was delivered me by the Lord Mandeville this day ; beginning, If the King's Majefty, &c. Sir William Witherington called in, and made a relation as fent with the King's letter of fafe-condud. He demanded the like fafe- condud: for our men as the King had granted to theirs. They fay the fafe-condud now fent was not fo large as the Secre* ' tary promifed. Defired to know whether he might fend the King's packet to Berwick. They take it into confideration; and, at laft, are content to let it pafs, for that particular j but for others hereafter, .they would farther deliberate. * i. e. by the calling a Parliament. Vol. II. Ii 1 King 2^8 > STATE PAPERS- CHARLES King 164a. Defires the Lords to enter in debate of the bufinefs for the day. \— v 1 Earl Northampton Takes the paper, and defires that every man, upon the paper, may give his opinion clearly. For him, he neither 'can nor dare anfwer to the Parliament, if he gave the Scots affiftance. Lora* CherBury: The Scots having paffed two rivers, the Tyne and the Tweed : now to fend to. view the fortifications upon the river of Tbes, and fo to put himfelf in a way of defence. None of the two hundred thoufand pounds1 gotten from London to be given to the Scots. Yet confidering their neceffity to be fupplied, or go on, to fupply them with viduals from the adjacent fhires, feeing they promife to pay, or give fecurity. That his Majefty would be pleafed to take into ferious confidera tion what to anfwer them. Some things they afk as of right, fomething by way of grace* He would have matters of grace. King. They demand thefe things of neceffity, as the treaty cannot go on without it. Whether a way may. not be found to determine altogether ? None of the Lords will advife to give any of the money lent by the city to the Scots. The King doth the city right, in clearing them of hardnefs of lending; for they did not defire his jewels to be pawned, but only the fecurity of the Lords there. Earl Strafforde. The river of Tees fo fordable betwixt Croft-bridge, and no way - to keep them from paffing the Tees, but with an army. State STATE PAPERS, 259 State of the queftion, whether the King fhall give his confent to charles give forty thoufand pounds or a competency, before there be any 1640. treaty ? Earl Briftol. State of the queftion, whether it fhould be maintained by fuch means as the Scots fhould find out, or whether forty thoufand pounds, or a competency, fhall be allowed them by way of accom modation ? Then to think how the accommodation may be made. Archbifhop of York. What obligation the Scots have upon the King to make their demand ? Earl Briftol. Their army of neceffity muft be maintained by their force, or by accommodation. Earl Monmouth. He afked Sir Thomas Riddle, whether Northumberland and Newcaftle, would furnifh the Scots ? Bifhop of Durham. We are now in treaty. This a door and a bar to all treaty. Earl Bridgwater. He finds the bufinefs flrange, and unlefs the paper may be un riddled, he cannot tell what to fay. This paper, and Sir William Witherlngton's relation, makes him doubtful. If a good pacification, he will defire it as much as any. . If he eould fee their real intentions, he would go as faft towards them as any. The King hath given anfwer to former petitions. They have now gotten ftrength. Of opinion that their army fhould be maintained; but defires to know, if they take advantage by their ftrength ; he commends their policy* but not their loyalty. LI 2 The 26o STATE PAfERS, CHARLES »Ttie main queftion, whether to give or no ? 1640. If refolve to give, more queftions will arife, what, and; how to give ? If they have told the Lords Commiffioners what they will have, it will open our eyes. But when, he thinks will be. a great queftion^ and of the how, likewife. ' The when will be dangerous previous to a Parliament. How, it will be afked hither, contra or prater. Lord Saville. The Scots Commiffioners do fay they have flayed fo. long, as, they are able to fubfift no longer. They defire to know, Whe'ther they fliall ufe their power, or be accommodated ? Earl Briftol. Whether they to ufe their power, or whether by treaty, accommo dation fome way may be found 2 Inconveniencies to be confidered of, either of thefe, anion both fides. If you leave them to their own way, 1. They may plunder Northumberland and Durham j and at leaft Iiere, as mnch in their power to take. 2. Cumberland and Weftmorland, Cariiie' and Berwick run a hazard. It is impoffible to defend thofe. parts. They will come: on hither into Yorkfhire after. < The King hath a hundred to one at the flake* If the King receive a blow, this province of York will be* loft;; and much more hazarded. The counties of Northumberland, &c. will come to accommoda tion, if abandoned, and much difheartened. Therefore, whether the inconveniencies on the other fide be greater I and defires fome of the Lords to argue that part, 4 Earl STATE PAPERS, 261 Earl Strafforde. CHARLES He did fay, that nothing can hinder them from coming to this 16401. city, but fighting, for they But this city, with the King's army, jnay make good the city. Lord Maynard. He ftates the queftion. He reads it thus. Whether this great and honourable body fhall advife to allow the Scots any maintenance, being in arms and rebels ? The giving them any thing, a hard morfel to digeft by any Englifhman. v And knows not how to advife to give, ' without affent of Par liament. , ' It will be as hard for Northumberland and Durham, when they have given, as now. The example dangerous, for rebels to move for getting of money to be ftill. It will make them the more ftubborn in the treaty itfelf. The dangers of bringing the fouthern trained bands to Newcaftle, until the kingdom be better fettled. His opinion is, that not by our advice to give, but of his Ma jefty's goodnefs, to give fome to the Scots, until the day after the Parliament. It may come from the provinces already poffeffed.. Earl Dover. To go fhortly to the bufinefs. Earl Monmouth* lirft, Whether to give or not. King. Whether we fhall find a mean to relieve the counties opprefled^ or to leave them to their fortune ? ' Earl Hertford. To bring all in one,, but how we can. aD2 STATE PAPERS, CHARLES King. 1640. If the way be fafe and honourable, let us do it; if not, let us not do it. Lord Cherbury. : That armies may be difbanded on both fides j then a fmall compe tency may ferve. This to be moved to the Scots firft. King. My Lord of Briftol, put well the inconveniencies on one fide. What we fhall give them. Their army is faid to be thirty thoufand men, though not half fo many. We give only to eafe the people in bondage. What fecurity, if we give, they fhall not be fo ftill ? Now live from hand to mouth j if we give, they may live, three or four months ; and — — Their laft papers are more Infolent than the firft. Not to give out of London money. How can you lay an impofition upon the counties ? He would be loth to do it for himfelf. Defires fome to propofe the ways, and then to confider the in conveniencies. Lord Wharton. They will not get advantage by time. Their army increafeth, and you know not what to give. King. He fhews another inconveniency. If we break the leaft of the agreement, caufe of a quarrel. Lord Wharton. 1. If we give till the Parliament take a courfe, we fhall gain by time. 2. It _\ STATE PAPERS, 363 8. It will be convenient for the oppreffed counties to free them charles from prefent plundering. 1640. King. Npthing to be done without a Parliament, for uniting the affec tions of the people. To fend the rebels word, that they would do nothing but with a Parliament. Whether you would have this treaty to be put to an end before & Parliament ? Lord Saville. -If the King give them all they require, they defire fomething which muft be ended by Parliament. King. They defire delays, being well. But what is fit for us to do ? Whether to break the treaty until the Parliament ? Lord Mandeville. • It is not for the honour and fafety of the King to make an accommodation. Earl Briftol. To go back to the bufinefs of the day. Whether to think of an accommodation ? Next, what that fhall be ? They will willingly ftay here ftill. It is no buying a treaty, to give them maintenance during their treaty. He propounds, if there be a defire to an accommodation, not to pitch upon this or that particular,- but to leave it to the Lords Com miffioners to fee the ways to an accommodation. That the opening of trade, markets, &c. may be propofed, to help it on. Lord Keeper. 1. Queftion, whether fit and honourable to have an accommoda tion, or noti 2. Inconveniencies 264 STATE PAPERS. CHARLES 9# Inconveniencies mentioned by my Lord Briftol, of lofing the 1640. counties, occ. 3. What good fhall be gotten by giving, but only to come to ' a treaty ? 4. If they agree of an accommodation, they are to fecure Nor thumberland and Durham from fpoil. The people of England will fee their intention, if they plunder Northumberland, &c. Whether this treaty fhall not receive accomplifhment before Parliament ? ,, His opinion is, it ought. His reafon, If there be an accomplifhment, it will be a fair way made to the Parliament to judge' of the ftate of the bufinefs.; He will never advife the Lords to impofe upon the country. If by a voluntary contribution, it muft be done by ithe counties thaf groan. under the burthen. Not to advife to break the two hundred thoufand pounds' of London. To propofe thefe things, to the counties. Earl Strafforde. Hardly an end to-night, if it be drawn out in length. He makes a proteftation of the faith of a Gentleman, that he hath heard fomething fince he came into this houfe, which makes him fpeak. ¦'¦*-• '> '-;.. He will not admit of the neceffity of maintaining them. They may well maintain themfelves, without contribution, or plundering the country j if they are fo good as their books make them. They may have provifions from their own country, and leffen their army. Trade and ports will be opened. Therefore no neceffity j and they are obliged by their declaration to maintain themfelves. Othei STATEPAPERS. 26c Other argument; ¦*. charles By this means Northumberland, &c. will be faved from plun- 1640. dering. Anfwer. As foon as this treaty ends, they will be in the firft eftate ; and this only frees them for a time. You furnifh them with money and neceffaries. You give them countenance that what they do, they well do. He defires, if to give, to give for once for all ; and to fee the bottom of the bufinefs ; nothing more neceffary than to have this- known. This is fure, after they have gotten this contribution, the coun ties of Northumberland, &c. will be in as ill ftate as they now are in, after the treaty. They fay the King fhall gain by the delay of the treaty. He is altogether of another opinion ; for it hinders us to know the bottom of the bufinefs. Nothing more fafe, than for the people of England to unite in heart and affedion, which they cannot do unlefs they fee the bottom of the bufinefs. Another difadvantage by delay. The vaft charge of the army here. They will require more for theirs in the conclufion. _ The king lofes in honour abroad. Befides, if you make no end of the treaty, will you treat this bufinefs at London, which will continue the charge of the country ? Whatfoever they have to fay, let them fay it in a Parliament, and all they can againft him. Therefore, their neceffity no ground. The contribution no end. We know not, what they will in the end have. It doth not preferve Northumberland, &c. Nothing fo dangerous to your perfon and kingdom as to give. They cannot march with the grofs of their army hither, this winter. Many inconveniencies. Vol, II. M m Examples agp STATE PAPERS, charles Examples muft be confidered to be of like danger. ,640. It is difhonourabje in itfelf for the King to buy a Ceffation of arms from his fubjeds ; though it may be done for avoiding greater inconveniencies. The fubjeds of England now taking themfelves to ferve the King with affedion, he fees no reafon but we may make good our own. If you refolve to give it, he fees no poffibility how to pay it, or raife it. He knows no ways ; the two hundred thoufand pounds being not' to be touched. He will deliver no opinion pofitively. Yet he is not convinced hithertoj to perfuade him to give. Lord Cherbury. He will be forry to have delay of time mifconftrued. Lord Mandeville. He conceives my Lord Strafforde to be miftaken in the neceffity, whether true or pretendecj. They pretend to be delayed. To con fider whether to give or not. More for the honour and fafety of the King to come to an accommodation. Earl Strafforde. A great difference betwixt a 'pretended and real neceffity. He thinks theirs pretended. He wifhed he had had my Lords acquiefeence to devife means for maintenance #of his Majefty's army. King. Whether the Lords will let them go on their own way of length in the treaty ? Propofes to give a particular anfwer to every one of their de mands ; and to give them an anfwer to this, and both together. Lord. Saville, They defire not the King tO( find out the way how to raife it ; but whether the King will leave them to plunder what they can ; STATE PAPERS. . 267 can ; for they efteem the four counties Worth 200,000!. which is in charles their power. ,640. The Lords may eafily fave all, if they will fet their hearts and hands to it. Lord Wharton. Nothing can be more gainful to his Majefty, than gaining the af fedion of his people in Parliament. King. To haften this bufinefs, becaufe of the Parliament. To fettle the bufinefs, and then go to the grievance?. Earl Briftol. To ftate the queftion fully to-morrow morning at eight, and then to debate it, without diverfion to other bufinefs. 'Tuefday, i^th Oilober. Forenoon. PRESENT, the King's Majefty, See. Earl of Berkfhire. The Scots Commiffioners require their compofition to begin from the firft day of the treaty. So they explained it to him. • . King. To take it by the way of admiffion, though not refolved, that their army is -to be relieved ; but to be done with honour, fafety and commodity. Lord Mandeville Offers that the counties now under their power, may be fpoken withal, to fee what they will do. Earl Hertford Agrees to that motion, and to fee what the adjacent fhires will do. Earl Berkfhire. He concurs. Let the garrifons of Berwick and Carlifle be vidu- alled from Scotland, and it will be a great encouragement. ^M m 2 . Bifhop 268 STATE PAPERS. charles Bifhop of Durham. v_ 1640. Thofe of the Bifhopric are divided among themfelves, fome for war, and fome for peace. i> How honourable for the King to grant ? 2. Competency, what ? 3. How this competency fhall be had ? 4. How the countries fhall be eafy and fecured, when they have given ? To the firft, they propofe the contribution to be for the mainte nance of their army. To give a competency, not againft honour. To leffen their army. To have provifions from Scotland. To have it of the money of London. London looks only to have it repaid at the day. The Parliament will allow of what the Lords do. This giving will be thought to be but a reprieve of the oppreffed inhabitants ; proceeds but from one mouth, and that fpeaking raflily. If they plunder after, worfe than Turks, Earl Berkfhire. If the four fhires do agree to give, and they afterwards plunder, the whole kingdom will rife and oppofe. King. The rebels afk what the King and Lords will give ? And then, for the fhires to give it, they will think it no anfwer. To think of a fitting anfwer, and then to refolve it. Earl Dover. They have declared that we fhould find out the means ; and if we think it fit, the fhires adjacent fhould do it, it is fufficient. Earl Hertford. They do not defire it of the King and Peers. Kt ng StATE PAPERS, 269 CHARLES I. King. They are cunning ; and though this be right, yet they will find i 1640 efchapatoires. Earl Berkfhire. They forced to furnifh the garriforis of Berwick and Carlifle, out of Scotland. Lord Cherbury Excufes his late coming. He hopes to find a means to anfwer the Scots Lords. He defires to read his paper. Lord Keeper. It is not allowed in Parliament and Great Council to read their own papers : It is Parliament, and therefore locutory ; and fo con cluded and refolved by the houfe, that no man fhould read his pro pofition out of paper. King. My Lord Monmouth hath moved that this will require a time to conclude with the fhires, and how this fhall be found poffible. As we fend to the fhires to treat with them, fo they to go on with the treaty. For Weftmoreland and Cumberland, is a new pro pofition to them. If we leave. the Scots to treat with the country, will they go on with the treaty ? Lord Saville. They will treat though you deny them a competency, and enter a proteftation. King. If your Lordfhips will declare them to be enemies, if they will not treat until they have a competency, and being left to treat with the counties, I care not what they will do. Earl Briftol. They will treat though you give them denial. But then they will take their own courfes ; which, confiderable how dangerous. Lord I STATEPAPERS. Lord Clifford. No man will undertake for Cumberland and Weftmoreland, until the gentry be prefent ; and that will require time. Earl Strafforde. He reads the laft' paper. It feems by the papers that they will not treat, unlefs a competency be fettled. Earl Berkfhire. If we offer them reafon, and they will not accept, to break off the treaty and come away. King Defires. them to take, a refolution. To co.nfider if there be any other way. Earl Strafforde, Some other ways have been propounded ; therefore to take them into confideration. Earl Berkfhire. To furnifh the garrifons of Carlifle and Berwick. Lord Brooke* To open the ports, and ways from Scotland. King. To open theNportsis of. more confequence than appears at firft, for rivetting them faft in Newcaftle ; but to open the ways from Scot land, he allows. Lord Cherbury. The leffening of their army ; the allowing of them certain pin naces to bring provifions from Scotland, and no other to pafs. Lord Brooke *. Of leffening their army, they will not yield unto it ; for fo they have expreffed themfelves. Earl Briftol. He diflikes the fecurity of a foreign great army in the kingdom. * This Lord a thorough oppofer, and in correfpondence, with the Scots. 3 ' Mr. f STATE PAPERS.* 271 Mr; Treajkrer. - ' CHARLES He would be loth to fee fo great an army left ih England, as might *64b- make an invafion. Without a competency, the papers fay, they cannot treat. Refolve, if it be poffible, not to break the treaty. • If the power of treating of a competency be allowed to the Com miffioners, it will turn upon the Scots to break or go On. The way propounded, to have it from the four near fhires, Nor thumberland, &c. Next Opening the ports and paffages. To leffen their army. To confider, by the Commiffioners ufton the place, by treaty with the gentlemen of thofe counties. In all cafes of difhohour, a lefs and a mote. It is not the King's cafe only, but all Kings of Chriftendorfi, to fall into thefe ftraights 5 and liave thought it no difhOriour to give great fums of money ; as in France, at Montpelier, &Ci Time only muft give a good iffue to his Majefty's affairs. If carried to the Parliament, it Will uttmafk them. Lord Keeper. 'The maintenance of their army they ftand Upon, but will treat though it be not granted. , All propofitions lead to the fame end. The way of a commutation, they, to furnifh Berwick and Car- pile, and we them, honourable and fafe. Opening of the ports very confiderable; but as propounded, with a few fhips, it will neither be unfafe or incommode. To treat with the four fhires will require lime, but not fo much as is feared. If the Lords Commiffioners make the counties know, that. the Lords will prefent it to the Parliament, that they have been the bulwarks. And as for Yorkfhire, he doubts not but this decla ration of the Lords will quicken them. And to have power to treat with the fhires further, and to leave it in truft with the Lords, to • conclude the fum. If 272 STATE PAPERS. CHARLES If the Scots take it, they to tell them they will take order to levy i6>. fpeedily ; but then to think fit to propofe to go on with the treaty, if 1 they will not let them chufe. King. To put a flop and limits that they fhall go no farther.. In cafe they fhould not treat of any thing, until this competency be agreed, what will you do ? Earl Strafforde. If this be the only thing to be propounded, he will offer his opinion. Nothing elfe as yet thought on. Never any King came more clearly to a Council. He protefts that the King never declared his opinion to * * * So fay all the Lords. And all thank the King for fo great a truft. He will not willingly break the treaty. He defires the accommodation may go with as much honour. It is fitter to be done by the King's fervants than himfelf. He would not advife to draw in Weftmoreland and Cumberland^ if It may be done without it, for all England is equally engaged. He advifes that the two counties of Northumberland, and Durham, and Newcaftle, continue the contribution, upon promife to reprefent it to the parliament. They have no reafon but to comply to their own contribution of 700 1. a day;u which will amount to 20,000 1. a month. It will be no long time. The difficulty, how to raife the money. The counties not able to continue it, or to live under it. No great difficulty if this contribution be continued, for main taining their army. It is the counties of Northumberland and Carlifle's own ad, and fo cannot complain of the Lords. If STATE PAPERS. 27, j If this cannot be done, charles He will not "perfuade to break the treaty, but then, to take -the 1640. courfes propounded. It comes to 850I. with 200I. of Newcaftle. They fay Newcaftle is 4000 1. behind. Mr. Treafurer. They made a compofition of 350 1. a day in the Bifhopric, but they are behind, and not able to pay it. So Newcaftle. So for Northumberland, who are all behind-hand in payment. If they cannot pay it, to leave a latitude to the Lords to call in the other counties. Earl Strafforde. Cumberland and Weftmoreland will afford very little help. . Lord Fauconbridge. The compofition to be taken rather in provifion than in money. Earl Strafforde, If they pay in their compofition in provifion, they are able. King. This left to the power of the Commiffioners. But what if the Scots will not accept of this, or go oh in the treaty till all things be fettled ? To think of what to fay. Lord Cherbury. Firft, to reduce their army to a lefs number. If this be not condefcended to, then to draw the King's army to wards Durham, and fortify. Earl Briftol. To refolve to fend a letter to the Lords at Rippon, to let them know, that this day they are in a way to give them a competency, and to-morrow the Lords fhall return. King. To refolve what to do, and not to delay. For they will not go on in the treaty without. Vol. II. N n Earl 274 STATE PAPERS. charles - Earl Berkfhire. 1640. To fend the Lords word, and to-morrow the Lords will be there with pofitiye refolution to conclude. King. What if they will not treat unlefs their compofition be fettled ? This to be debated. It may be debated, but cannot come to a "refo lution ; for fomething upon the place may alter the cafe,. It is fit to arm ourfelves with as many arguments and reafons a» ; we can. Queftion to be debated, Whether; in cafe they will not enter into a treaty, before their compofition be fettled and fecured, what fhall be the anfwer ? , Archbifhop of York. If they fhall fay that Northumberland and Berwick are fo poor, as they are not able to pay, and they will not truft to it j what to fay ? Earl Strafforde. Speaking of 40,000!. it was faid yefterday, that Northumberland and Berwick were worth twelve times as much. Earl Briftol. The parties, if they fee the danger, will difcover more than yet is known of. their eftates. The treaty with the gentlemen, to be left to the difcretion of the gentlemen. Lord Gray. More money in Newcaftle than in thefe two counties. The adja cent fhires will affift, upon promife of repayment. Lord Keeper. The matter left to the Commiffioners of Cumberland and. Weft moreland. Earl Briftol. Prefuppofe the delays to be effedual delay, and fo judged by the Commiffioners ; whether they fhall break the treaty ? Though they do delay, yet the Lords to agree not to break the treaty ; but to declare their opinion unto them, ? King. STATE PAPERS, 275 King. CHARLES If. they refufe that which is reafonable; what the Lords will 1640. ^dvife ? Earl Strafforde. The Lords will pofitively conclude or- refufe nothing, but that firft, they will advertife his Majefty j and therefore wholly to be left to their difcretion. Whether you include the arrear in the treaty j which they will ftand upon ? He will not at any hand advife not to hold the day of the Parliament. Earl Hertford. They exped [the contribution from the time of the treaty. Earl Berks. ' They exped all arrears fince the compofition made \ and they faid fo in exprefs words. Earl Briftol They will require the arrear. King* Do your Lordfhips exped that they will come to treat without fettling the compofition ? Earl Briftol. He conceives they will be as willing to treat as we, if they find the compofition in a forwardnefs. Lord Saville. The counties will demand how long the contribution fhall laft, and when it fhall end. They look for affurance of amity from the whole kingdom ; and till then, the compofition is likely to laft. Lord Keeper. If they fhall exped it fo long, it is the unfaieft thing in the world to grant it. N n 2 But 276 STATE PAP1R.K charles But fo longj till the treaty holds. ,1.640. Earl Hertford. : They may have Newcaftle and Durham to them, with a garrifon, until all things be fettled. Lord Paget. They fay they will not ftir, until they have an affurance from Parliament, of their demands. , V"G$;jj Lord Keeper. To begin from the beginning of the treaty, being about ten days ago. It is three weeks to the Parliament; the debate in Parliament will require a month ; which work two months. Earl Briftol. Left to the commiffioners to fpeak of them. King. They take refolutions upon us, by prefuppofition, andj ftand to itr Why we fhould not do the like ; and tell them that we will go ' on to find the compofition ; and that they, in the mean time, to go on with the treaty. The Earl of Briftol to make a letter to the Lords at Rippon, to let them know, that the- Lords fhall be with them to-morrow, with anfwer and pofitive refolution and full powers*. !\ 1 3th Oclober, 164.0. Afternoon^ */ His Majefty prefent, &c. The fuitors of the Bifhopric and counties, to attend the Lords Commiffioners at Rippon, concerning their grievances, to-morrow in the afternoon. King. This afternoon appointed for drawing inftrudions to the Lords Commiffioners* He conceives the inftrudions to'be in general,, hord STATE PAPERS, 277 Lord Keeper. charles It is conceived the inftrudions not to be in writing, but to be 164a. left unto difcretion. Earl Hertford. He thinks it fit to have their inftrudions in writing ; but in general, as hath been formerly ; and the Commiffioners to have ,a. latitude. Earl Berks. The King fecure, for they will report. King. He defires that* they would do as much as may be, without giving an account. Earl Berks.. He is confident before Monday, to give a particular account of all j and: that there' will be a conclufion. King Expeds an end before the Parliament, or their advice what to do. Lord Keeper. Heads of inftrudions. 1. Left to my Lords, of relieving the counties under contribution* and fubjed to plundering, by fome competent allowance. 2. For the better accommodation, Berwick and Carlifle to be vidualled out of Scotland, as we vidual their army. 3. The opening of the paffages between Newcaftle and Scotland, by land. 4. That fome pinnaces,- more, or lefs, according to the difcretion of the Commiffioners, may be allowed to pafs with viduals, only for their fupply. It will be fit to put the Scots in mind of the detriment the King fuffers in his cuftom for coals. King*. J78 . S T A T E P A P E R Sv CHARLES «, King. 1640. Whether any fhips before Newcaftle ? Mr. Treafurer. Two pinnaces and a fhip upon the coaft, and about the mouth of Humber. Forty thoufand pounds a year went out of Neweaftie to the King for coals: The Commiffioners to take, confideration of the coal. The Pinnaces to take order that the coals may be carried to no places but in this kingdom. That fome Lords may be appointed to draw inftrudions. Earl Briftol. If the King give abfolute power ; the Lords trufted will have care to conclude nothing ; but will report. No inftrudions in writing ; but only the heads aad remem brances for the Lords ; and the reft to be referred, to the difcre-* tion of the Lords. Lord Keeper, Lord Hertford, Lord Briftol, Mr. Secretary, are appointed Committees to draw remembrances for inftruding of the Commiffioners. Ordered, That Mr. Secretary Vane, fhall accompany the Com miffioners to Rippon. Three papers read, viz. Grievances. Letter of my Lord of Man- chefter, of the fuccefs of their treaty in London, ready dated the nth of Odober. . King. Many of my Lords have made fuit to go to London. Their reafons, law-fuits. To confider means for their indemnity. Ordered. Refolved, all fhall ftay. Lord Keeper. He will write to the. Judges, for any Lord, to furceafe profecution againft them. Remembrances STATE PAPERS, 279 Remembrances aforefaid, read, and ordered to be engroffed the charles 13th of Odober, beginning Remembrances for my Lords the Com- 1640, mijjioners. York, ijth of Oilober. Saturday Afternoon. His Majefty -prefent, &c. The four papers delivered on both fides at Rippon, the 16'th of Odober, read. Earl Briftol. That the Lord Lieutenant, or fome other, in abfence. of the Lords going to Parliament, may take care of the fecuring the eight hun dred and fifty pounds per diem. King. If they look for abfolute fecurity, it will be impoffible.. Earl Strafforde. He defires to be excufed, and that he may not meddle with. their fecurity. He is declared to be their common enemy. My Lord Saville and -Lord Wharton, acquainted with all the treaty, therefore they fit to do it. Earl Briftol. He did not name my Lord Lieutenant to put any trouble upon him. But being Lord Prefident of the North, to take it into his care. Earl Strafforde. He takes nothing amifs of my Lord of Briftol ; but to meddle or overfee it, he is not fo fit as thofe that have been acquainted with it>. Earl Briftol. Any Lords may be appointed ; fo the bufinefs is done. •- - King. The Lords to name certain gentlemen, at Rippon* Earg 28o STATE PAPERS. charles fEarl Strafforde. 1640. While he is Lieutenant* General of the army, he will never be v rmmmJ- drawn to be an inftrument of giving contribution to them. King. The thing may be well done otherwife. Earl Briftol. The Scots fay their army is in great neceffity. If they truft to this, and they fail, neceffity will inforce them to do what they would not ; therefore, if promifed, it muft be performed. , Lord Cher bury. None better to undertake this, but fuch as live in the country, and by commiffion. Earl Briftol. Not fit, that this be done by commiffion. They feem to be very willing for the firft month. King. To defire the Lords Commiffioners to do it at Rippon. Some of Cumberland and Weftmoreland willing to come into contribution, as he heareth. Bifhop of Durham. The country holds it a- burthen intolerable, unlefs Cumberland and Weftmoreland do come in. Earl Briftol. That the Bifhop of Durham, Lord Grey, and other, of thefe counties, that remain at York, do take care. Lord Mandeville. They * will not enter into the treaty, but fecurityvbeing giveni Earl Briftol. A letter to be drawn for encouragement of counties to come in. The counties under contribution to be recommended to the Parliament. * The Scots. Earl STATE PA P E RS. *8r Earl Holland. charles They will rather lend two hundred pounds, tfean lofe a thou- i6+'o. fand pounds. Bifhop of Durham. He defires affiftance of fome Lords. Earl Briftol Names Lord Grey, Lord Clifford, Lord Mowbray. Earl Holland. They will join with the great men of that country, Lord Grey, Earl Newcaftle. King. The city having condefcended to two hundred thoufand pounds, do now go flowly on. That they would write a fecond letter to the city, to go on with " their contribution. Earl Strafforde. All his care is, for the maintenance of the King's army. All [the army out of pay. Twenty thoufand pounds come in, that's all. A fortnight's pay due to thofe that took up viduals, for which ¦he gave credit. The reft ofthe fifty thoufand pounds lent, not to come in until the 30th of this month. As much reafon the King's army fhould be maintained as theirs. A letter from London, mentioning, that upon the lending of the city, the King's countenance changed from following or hearkening to the Lords' counfel. He defires they will think how the King's army may be pro*; vided for, now they have fettled the bufinefs for the Scots. King. He hath heard thefe reports feveral ways, and refers himfelf to the Lords, whether true. Vol. II. O o He 2S2 STATE ^PAPERS. chari.es He defires two Lords may -be fent to the city:. ,640. • Earl Briftol Moves, my Lord Keeper, and another, to be fent, , , King.. The Lord Keeper is his particular fervant, and not fo fit to be fent. ' Refolved, -The letter fliall be drawn to-morrow, and thea, alL the Lords, both here, and at Rippon, to fign it. Some to ibe nominated to d&aw it. Lord Keeper nominated. Earl Strafforde: He defires to know ^what will give content to the Scots fubjecTrs. The Lords at Rippon to bring the Scots to their fiill demands j; and to jpe^e^ion. Earl Briftol. Things are to go on by^degrees ; until this maintenance agreed* ¦ they would not treat. bord Mandeville; They defire to have it under our hands. Earl Briftol. If we give them the words of fo honourable perfon«, fhey will not 'ftick for one day or two ; but this muft be realty meant. They proteft to be forward for peace. Earl Strafforde; He defires again that provifion be made for the King's army; Memorandum: My Lord Briftol hath the original additional inftrudions of ther King, dated, the 15th of Odober. Yorh< STATE* PAPER £ .». 2,83. York,- Sunday,. 18th OHlofcr,. 164.0. Afternopn. < CHARLES His Majefty prefent. i__l5fl Earl Briftol. A letter to be drawn to the gentlemen of the counties to encourage. them to enter into fecurity. Some Lords here to be joined to advife with the gentlemen of the counties,, for giving fecurity. \ The gentlemen of the counties doubt not but to find fome Lords' to treat with the gentlemen : viz. Lord Keeper, Lord Clare, Bifhop of Durham, Lord Grey, Lord Mowbray, Lord Clifford, to fettle the fecurity. Earl Hertford. - The gentlemen to be prefently conferred withal. • They were fent for. But in the mean time,, the Lord Keeper r*eads the letter drawn to the city, from the Peers, beginnings After our hearty commendations, &c. Earl Strafforde. It is not the lending of 200,000 1. will ferve the turn, unlefs it come in time. Therefore, this to be expreffed in the letter, that they may do it in time. If they pay not their money more timely, it will be to no purpofe. - If they pay not the> 50,0001. and after, the reft; as was pro pounded; it is to no purpofe. Earl Br'iftoU He hath heard, from, London, the Commiffioners, as moft for the Scots army. The Scots fay, they are in fuch neceffity^ that, if not fupplied, they muft plunder this, and other counties. " We have confideration of the - Englifh, not ofthe Scots army, as the cafe ftands. - - > Earl Strafforde. . So long as he hath the command of the army, and not two days provifion for them, he muft reprefent it. The Councils will be juftified, and the Counfellors, i O o 2 He 284 STATE PAPERS. Charles' He hath ferved faithfully, and will juftify himfelf. 1640. Earl Briftol. He never fpake any thing againft the Lord Strafforde ; he is ah able man. fc A great army in Ireland, ? __ , . .- A ° . . > Nothing done, A great army at fea» . j The matter of fad is, that Northumberland, &c. are ufed as they lift, as if they were not of the cloth. Earl Strafforde. He that judges by the event doth not judge fuper tot am materiam ; the armies of Ireland and at fea, have mifcarried, not by fault of the Minifters. King. To haften the money from London ; which is the main bufinefs of the day. Marquis of Hamilton.* To mention in the letters, the days required for payment. Earl Strafforde He will bring 8000 foot, 2000 horfe, at two days warning, and fixty cannon, if there be fhipping to. convey them*. Earl Briftol. He lays no Imputation. Lord Strafforde has given a good ac count of his government. Marquis of Hamilton. He had no meddling with the men fpoken of, by fea, until they were delivered to him on fhipboard. The gentlemen of the counties came in to confer about the fe curity. Earl Briftol. The King and Peers are defirous to gme you all eafef- The Scots pretending neceffity two ways, * This muft be from Ireland. t This was addreffed to the gentlemen of Northumberland and Durham.. 1. Either STATE PAP-ERS. 284 1. Either to take all they can ; CHARLES- 2. Or to come to a competency, which they formerly agreed upon, 1640. 8^01. per diem. It was your defire to have it done by way of accommodation. You fhewed hopes to be able to fecure the payment. If you fhall do it, the King and Lords will recommend it to the Parliament to give them eafe. They have for this, better fecurity than formerly from the Scots. That for pundual performance of things promifed, the King will provide fome Lords may confer with you. That they will declare their abilities, and the beft ways to help them. Sir William Bella/is. * They are doubtful of their abilities to perform, in the conditions they are in. They defired letters into the county to underftand their ability. They will attend the Lords, and give them the beft fatisfadion. Earl Strafforde. To fpeak plainly, whether they are able to pay the contribution for two months I Sir William Bellqfts. He doubts they are not able. They did offer to give fecurity for their own particular, but not for the whole fum, or for the general. Earl Briftol. Shire from fhire to be divided in this payment. Berwick, though they could not undertake it for two months, yet,. for one month, they were confident for their own county. They of fered bonds and any other fecurity. Sir William Bellqfts. ' They prefented a paper, to defire that every man might be bound for himfelf. Sir 9&6 S> T A T E PAPERS? cumm§ _ Sir John Maclay., 164P. An impoffibility of their paying, their, proportion.;, for they are not now able to pay that which is paft. Sir Lionel, Madtfom. They defire, their eftates. to, be rated, and they, will go.as,far as they can.,. Earl Briftol. When it, was in, debate, they faid, it would be twenty time^the pr ej udicer to, them to be plundered,1 than to pay. the contribution .. There is 10,000 1. worth, of coals, in, Newcaftle,. Thjs.risi to be confidered. King. Confeffed, if it were time to put them off. Sir, John Maglay, He offers, for his part, to let his coals be fold, he having the one half, Earl Strafforde. io,ooq1. worth of coak^ afc Newcaftle , it will appear to be the goods of fuch as are under contribution, in. Berwick. and; Northum berland ; and therefore not to take them. Earh Briftol. , To refume the matter ; they never thought the Bifhopric and Northumberland wereabje to .find, this, but the. houfe. thought fit to call in Cumberland, Weftmorjeland, , yea Lancafhire ; whatthey can not do, to ,be fupplied by the next fhires, or to leave off the treaty. Northumberland man. ' They are content to give particular fecurity, but cannot give fecu rity general. \ Earl Holland. Why it fhould not be enlarged ? King. Lord Keeper, Bifhop of Durham, Lord Clifford, Lord Grey, Lord 8 Clare, - STA'T E PA PBR'Si' 287 'Gare, &ord Mowbray, rLord Fauconbridge, Lord -'Strange, or as ' -Charles miany as ^fiuall be prefent. 1640. The gentlemen of the counties retire. v*^- Lord Keeper Reads the tetter as it Was amended. King Moves one thing, that the Lords fhould write a letter to the Lords there *, to exprefs the days of payment, to enter into fecurity, con- jeerning the preffing of the day of payment. Earl Strafforde. It is faid in the letter, it is a hopeful treaty; it is againft your felves ; for why fhould they then haften their money ? No hope, in the world, of accommodation, as he conceived, for the fecurity will hardly pafs. Ldrd Keeper. - He put that daufe In of purpofe. If We fay this treaty hath no feope, it would not get a penny. Earl Strafforde. He differs wholly from him. Earl B-riftol In the debate formerly, a hazard conceived not of the Bifhoprie and Northumberland, but of Cumberland, Weftmoreland, Yorkfhire,. ' Lancafhire, Berwick and Carlifle; and that there was no ftay for them, without giving them battle ; but that they would come into Yorkfhire. Whether we fihall put the hazard of the treaty upon it ? Earl Strafforde. Not all remembered. He thinks Berwick and Carlifle fafe. He d not to a batt f. He faid it was impofiible for them to come up to York, with the grofs of their army. * To the citjf. f A material gap. For I. ! 288 STATE PAPERS. charles For contribution, he never thought that Yorkfhire fhould be 1640. brought in, having been at 50 or 6o,oool. charges. He prays to ~* ' remember that if Cumberland and Weftmorelaind, the whole kingdom fhould contribute, and rather having been at the great charge. He moved that every parifh might" find their men, and it was found not fitting ; and why now hearken to a contribution to the Scots ? For this Winter, he conceives Yorkfhire to be in no danger. The Scots may go home, they are not neceffitated, and therefore no neceffity to put the country to contribution. King. No conftraint to be ufed; but voluntarily; but to bring in Lanca- Cafhire and Chefhire, they have no colour. Earl Briftol. He conceives bufinefs beft to be carried by commiffion. The imminency of the danger, makes the near fhires more liable. Upon the whole matter, if my Lord have 18,000 foot effedually, and 2200 horfe, he goes with my Lord Strafforde; he would not advife to give contribution. He leaves it to my Lord Strafforde to advife whether the King can oppofe the Scots, and break. King. No abfolute command to the counties. Earl Strafforde. Earl Briftol puts hard conditions upon him. He conceives the King's army not able to encounter the grofs of their army ; but againft fmall parties they are able. But he would not anfwer the fuccefs *. He acknowledges the King's favour for his truft and counfels. He defires with all his heart, that the command of the army were transferred to other. * This is as a hard confeffion, not very confiftent with what he threw out in other places. For S T AT E PAP E RS, a€o f For other commands he hath dealt faithfully, charles He advifes that the good of the King and people are fo woven ' 1640. together, as one cannot ftand without the other. King. . To be underftood of his greatnefs, in the army. Earl Strafforde. He defires to return to the bufinefs. The queftion. So much pitched upon, and muft be granted, or the treaty break. \ De modo is now to be debated.* If we fpeak abfolutely of honour and juftice, the treaty can ftand with neither. But refpedively it may. Whether we will break the treaty, or go on by fecuring the con tribution? King. There can be no poffibility of fecuring the contribution. No leave to draw in Yorkfhire. ,,,-.,-. Call and perfuade Weftmoreland, Cumberland, Lancafhire and Chefhire ; but to command, you cannot. Earl Holland. Whofoever cannot defend themfelves, will be content to come into contribution. ¦ — Earl Briftol. Though more honourable to let this go by this 850!. per diem, than to offer them a fum. King. The contribution refolved formerly, to be the only way to fatisfy the Scots. To perfuade, if they could, Weftmoreland and" Cumberland. Earl Briftol Defires to have in writing, what they, fhall do when they come back to Rippon/ Vol. II. P p Loth 2150 ,S T A T E P A P E R S. cttAMM Loth, to come back, and fay he could ;ioot -conclude witih them, •^640. ' having the Great Seal. Their conclufion, to be brought: to articles, and the iving to fet his hand untoit in the final conclufion. They have brought the treaty to fome conclufion by agreeing upon a cornpetency. To refolve whether this fhall he made good> King. >-¦ To attfwet the Scots ; - We have taken it into confideration 5 and that feme Lords are ap pointed to take care of it; and we doubt not but it will take effed. Earl Briftd. To anfwer t!he Scots. The gentlemen promife for a month. For the Other, a commrttee of Lords appointed to take care of it. Defires the 'refolution of this houfe to be conceived in writing. A draught ofthe anfwer that the Commiffioners are to give to the Commiffioners of Scotland, tbucliing the fecurity for the competency:, beginning, The an/wer that the Lords Commiffioners, &c. York, Tuefday, the 2$th Oclober. Afternoon. The Lords came to York from Rippon, and I attended them, at one in the afternoonj and about two met in the prefence. Earl Briftol Defires the papers to be read, and figned by all tshe Peers fprefent. They are read. King Demandeth, whether both: papers are fo conjoined, that both muft be neceffarily figned ? 3 ' , Earl Hw STATE PAPERS, 291 EarlBrhfttl ¦ charle& It is requifite that what they have done by the authority of all, l64^ fhould by all be confirmed ; and that .the Scots will do the like. They have inftrudions to do what they have done. King. He conceived that the competency was to be done by connivance. Earl Briftol. It is a treaty of the greateft difadvantage that hath happened fince the conqueft. The treaty of E. II. queftiened by E. Iff., and divers that made it loft their heads. They did what they did, by his Majefty's warrant, and the Great Council, and under the Great Council; If it be ac cording to their warrants, to be pleafed clearly to avow it. That my Lords would avow their advices, being all done by their advice. King. They have power to raife a competency, but how he fhould join in figning it. His Majefty defires the firft paper to be read. Whether if they fign, they are engaged ? Earl Briftol, &c. They are, 1. That a competency was agreed upon by all. 2. That if the counties under contribution were not able,, other adjacent counties to be brought. 3. They have called in fome others, according to their in- ftrudion. He did defire his Majefty that a committee might be fettled here, for their difcharge. They muft have wherewith to fubftft, or elfe they will take it by force. King. Many things they have taken as the fenfe of the houfe, which were particular. Pp 2 Jt 2QZ STATE IAPE R S. - charles It was generally refolved by the Lords, that none fhould be en- i. .. .. ! . i 1640. forced to contribute. ' ' 1-, . . l Holland >¦- ¦ " It is not forcing, but to keep them to their words; which they have made. Wharton. ... The article clears it that it be not enforced. .Earl Briftol. ¦-> to VL' It muft be paid- His Majefty was content the Parliament fhould be moved .to have confideration, The army there muft either have a competency, or they will fall a plundering. , ,, , . . : > King. He loves to keep his word, and therefore would know how he fhall fee this performed. Wharton. The gentlemen had no hope of repayment ; but now they hope to be recommended to Parliament, and likely to be paid ; and willingly offer their utmoft endeavours. King. Let us anfwer for no more than can be done.. Super totam materiam, he defires to be advifed by the Peers. , The Lords Commiffioners defire to withdraw, to fet down their reafons. Earl Briftol. As his Majefty's fervants and fubjeds, they have treated to the beft advantage. They do unanimoufly advife his Majefty to confirm the treaty. They have drawn a declaration, of their reafons for giving'that advice, and defire that it may be read. The STATE PAPERS. z93 The Vifcount Mandeville. CHARLES i. Reads the paper beginning i 1640. When firft ive came down to York, &c. After the reading, '¦<¦/¦¦ The Earl Strafforde. He will not offer to deliver his opinion ; Becaufe he learns, that for opinion delivered by his Majefty's fervants, they are accountable. But hearing his name called upon *,' he is enforced to anfwer. And fheweth how he came in the command of the army, and how he proceeded. Objedion 1. Concerning the retiring from Newcaftle. Objedion 2. The gentlemen ofthe counties coming unto him, he left them to themfelves. Sir William Bellafis came to him indeed ; and he told him that he did not fee how they could' help them ; but referred him to his Majefty, and willed him to go to Mr. Treafurer. Objedion 3. He declared want of money. It is true he did, and reprefented it with all earneftnefs and faithfulnefs. Objedion 4. That he fhould fay all the county of York would- be plundered. He .never faid it, nor never thought it ; For he always told the King, that the Scots could not come in, with the grofs of their army. Tees was defencible againft parties, but not againft the grofs. Objedion 5. That we were not in a pofture to fight. It is true. Not that there was any want in the perfons of the men ; but not exercifed. But that he faid, what was not to-day, might be to-morrow. ObjedTon 6. For fighting, it was a way he did decline. * That mull have been in one of the papers. He 294 STATE PAPERS. charles He had never advifed to fight; but that his Majefty fhould lie i 1640. upon the border, as being better able to maintain an army. "^ He never declined any thing of danger wherein his Majefty or the Lords would have ufed his fervice. . Objedion 7. Concerning Weftmoreland and Cumberland, that they were loft. He faid, he faw not if the Scot* fhould come up into them, how they could be faved ; but never faid they were loft. He faid he would never give his confent, that new counties fhould be brought into contribution. Earl Briftol. He defires there may be no miftake. The paper doth not trench upon my Lord Strafforde, but only to fhew the matter of fad, upon which they grounded their advice. For my Lord was defired to declare the ftate of the army. It is far from, them to caft any afperfion upon my Lord.. It is of great neceffity for clearing of their judgments, to let the world know the inducements. If there be any thing that is hard, they will alter it. For the bufinefs; They defire, and give their advice, that his Majefty do go onto confirm the articles of competency and ceffation, being the befi\ as v the ftate of things now ftandeth. A great care in the drawing the declaration* that it fhall not refled upon any man. * Earl Strafforde. If for advices given to Kings, the parties muft be accountable ; it is a moft miferable cafe to be a counfellor. King Defires to know whether the Commiffioners would have the Kin°- and Lords fign it, or he only ? Earl STATE PAPERS. 295 Earl Briftol. CHARLES If the King fign it,, with the advice of the Peers, it will be l64°- honourable. King Would have the Lords that were not at Rippon, to fpeak. Earl Briftol. If any will fpeak to it may, otherwife it may be as an affent. Lord Cherbury. He will fubfcribe as having an opinion of the wifdom of the Commiffioners. To refer it till all the body of the Peers meet. To put it otherwife to the vote. Earl Briftol. Not to be voted here ; it is a council and.no court. The eledion is the King's. The time is fhort, and this being refolved, other great matters to •be propofed. Safe-condud required to be under the Great Seal. Opening " /' > that way, it being alfo the beft way he could. take to attack them, the ftrait way being a perpetual" defile till they were very near Wef- ton, the camp to which Lord Feverfham had advanced with all the: King's troops ; which were about 1800 foot, in fix fmall battalions, and fome 700 horfe and dragoons, leaving the Earl of Pembroke at; Middlefea, and villages adjacent, with the militia, horfe and foot. The poft of Wefton was a very well chofen one, for fuch a fmall body of men, and very fecure, the foot being camped with then- rear to the village, and had their front covered by a ditch, which ferves for a drain to the moor ; and though if was then a dry fea- fon, was not to be paft by horfe but in one or two places ; and it was this drain deceived the Duke of Monmouth, for he not knowing; of it, thought the foot lay open, and confequently the whole quar ter. And now Lord Feverfham being advertifed that the rebels- army were paffed over the bridge, and drawn up in a meadow by the river-fide clofe by it, judged their defign was to fee if they could give him the flip, and get to Cainfham bridge before him ; and, be- , caufe his horfe and dragoons had been much haraffed by their per petual marching, thought it beft not to draw them out of their quar ters, but to let them remain there, that they might be the frefher to march after the rebels the. next day, in cafe they fhould march northward ; but left a guard, of one hundred horfe, commanded by Sir Francis Compton, and fifty dragoons, upon the moor, the way ( - the rebels came, which had advanced guards and centries before them, to give notice if any thing came that way. He placed ano ther guard on the highway which comes from Bridgwater, and fifty foot in a fheepfold on the moor, to help to make their retreat in cafe they fhould be pufhed. And to be advertifed of the enemy's mo tion, he fent Major Oglethorpe with a party of horfe, to crofs both the roads, toward- Briftol and Cainfham, that, if they were marched that way, he might know it; and was out himfelf till near one after midnight, STATE PAPERS. 3°7 midnight, at the horfe guard on the moor towards Chedfey, exped- JAMES 11. ing the return of his party,, and to hear the noife of the enemy's « ,!6,8s' „» march, in cafe they did, it being a very ftill night; ami then returned back to his quarters; In the mean time, the rebels were marching ; and though Ogle thorpe croffed both the roads, as he was ordered, beyond the end' of the moor, he fell not into their march, they not coming quite fo far as he was, nor did he hear them ; and fo returning back to the moor, went through Chedfey, and croffed to the other road which goes from Bridgwater to Wefton, and halting there within half a mile of that town, fent four horfemen to go, if they could, as far as the bridge, to bring him fome certain news ; who going as far as a barricado that was near the bridge, the centinel challenging them, they pretended to be of their men, and anfwered Monmouth, and then afked where he was ; the fellow replied, he was marched with the whole army, and had only left a guard there j upon which they returned back to their party, and Oglethorpe made what hafte he could back to the camp, to give notice of it. In the mean time the Duke of Monmouth was upon his march towards Wefton, taking the compafs, as I have already faid, by the way of the moor, and ordered what baggage and carriages he had* • with a fmall guard, when he turned off into the moor, to go On the road to Axbridge, and to ftay there till farther order, and con tinued his march to attack the King's troops. He had two defiles to pafs after he was in the moor, the one prefently after he came on it, and the other about a mile from the camp. He drew up in two columns after he had paffed the firft, the foot on the right, and the horfe on the left, and fo niar-ched till he came to the fecond. There his horfe paffed over firft, which were fome eight fquadrons ; his cannon, which were but three fmall iron guns, marched over after them, at the head of the foot, which confifted of five great battalions, each of which had one company of at leaft one hundred R r 2 fc.yth.emen, So8 STAT E P A P E R S. james ir. fcythemen, inftead of grenadiers ; the horfe was commanded by Lord!! Grey, with the title of Lieutenant General ; the five regiments of foot, by Wade, Lieutenant Colonel to the Duke of Monmouth's ©wn regiment ; Matthews commanded the next, then Holmes, Buf fet, and Foulkst As they were paffing' the laft defile, the advanced eentries of the horfe-guards difcovered them, and gallopped back: to advertife Sir Francis Comptonof it, who immediately gave the alarm to the camp, and ftaid in his poft till he received atfaint charger from an advanced party of fome of the rebels horfe ; who, after having fired their carabines, and received fome fhot from his party, went off on their fide, and he drew back to the camp on the right hand of our foot behind' the ditch. Whilft this paffed, the Duke of Mon- mouth. hearing the alarm was taken in the King's camp,, ordered' Lord Grey to march faft on with the horfe to fall in amongft the tents of the foot, and to take them by the. flanks, not knowing any thing of the ditch which covered them,, and told him he would march after him with, the foot as faft as hecouhL • And: now in the camp, fo foon as they had the alarm, the foot ftood to their arms, and were in a moment drawn up in battle at the head of their tents, in very good order, and the horfe were, drawing. out of the village as faft. as they could. The: foot were in fix battalions j the firft- on the sight was compofed of Dunbarton's, one company of which were grenadiers, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Douglas. Next to which were two battalions of the firft regiment of guards* of fix companies iii each, befides one company of grenadiers- of that regir ment; at the head of the firft of which was the Duke of Grafton their Colonel, and Eaton the Major of it, was- at the head of the other. Next to them was a battalion of the fecond regiment of guards of fix companies, and another company of grenadiers; at whofe head- was.Lieutenant Colonel Sackville. Then five companies of Trelawny, one of which were grenadiers ; commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Churchill.. On. the left of all was another fmall battalion, compofed.*. as STATE PAPERS-. 309 as the former, commanded by Colonel Kirke. As for the horfe, James ii.. ' 1685. there were one hundred and fifty, commanded out of the three troops> of guards; fixty grenadiers on horfeback, commanded by Villiers ;.- feven troops of the King's regiment of horfe ; and four of dra goons ; the horfe commanded by Sir Francis Compton, and the dra goons by Lord Cornbury, One. of which laft was at Lamport, com manded by Captain Coy, to fecure that pafs, and to get intelligence,, in cafe the rebels fhould march Weftward. The train of artillery confifted of fixteen field-pieces, under the condud of Mr. Sheers*.. And now whilft the King's horfe were getting in order, the rebels.. horfe, in purfuance of the orders they had received, marched on to; put them in execution,: and meeting with the ditch, came along: by it, and being, challenged by Douglas, who. they were ? fome one. anfwered Albemarle ; at leaft he underftood it fo, and let them pafss without firing at them. Then coming up to the firft battalion of the guards, Captain Berkley* who commanded, the right wing of the. mufketeers of it, afked. who they were for ?. They anfwered, The King. He called to them,. What King? They anfwered, Monmouthi. and God with us, which was their word. He then faid, Take. this with you,; and made his wing fire at them •„. So did the other wing of that battalion;, as alfo the next battalion.of the fame regi ment, and half that of the two regiments of guards. Upon. which,. that party of the rebels horfe ran away, leaving, fome of their- men. and horfes on the ground, by the fire they had. received;, but. to. this. day it was. not known certainly, whether it was. only part, or. their whole horfe that came fo up to the ditch ; or whether it was. part of. them, or a frefh party of them, which were charged fome time.after,, by a party of our horfe. As this happened, Lord" Feverfham, who. had been getting, die horfe in order, and fent for the cannon,, came to-the foot,. and ordered them to keep their fire till the enemy came clofe up. * Who tranflated P.olybiu*. tOR 3io STATE- PAPERS. james ii. ,t0 tnerflt goon after this, the rebels foot came up, but not in gooS\ 1685. order; for the Duke of Monmouth would not ftay after they had paffed the laft defile, to draw up in battle, but made them marcb on in their ordinary way of marching, battalion after battalion, guiding their march by the matches of Douglas (which were the only battalion of the King's foot that had matchlocks) as foon as they. came in fight of the camp, and did not begin to form till they came within about eighty paces ofthe ditch, intending fo foon as their whole line was drawn Up, to have attacked the King's foot. But, according to the account Lieutenant Colonel Wade has given, before the three firft battalions were quite got up upon a line, his being the right hand one, Matthews, which was the next to him, without order from their commander, began to fire; then his, and Holmes's, which was on Matthews left, did the like. After which they could never make their men advance one foot ; but ftood firing as they were, and though they thought that their right was over againft the King's left, they were miftaken ; for their right reached no farther than the firft battalion of the guards, and their three fmall guns were advanced as near as could be, juftbefore the interval which was between Matthews and Holmes, and were very well plied, and did great execution on Douglas, and the firft battalion of the guards ; which two indeed bore all the brunt ofthe rebels fire, and loft many officers and foldiers, and moft of them by the cannon. For though the rebels fired hard, their men being new, fhot too high, and they continued firing at leaft three quarters of a"h hour ; and except Douglas who fired a little, the reft never fired a fhot, but bore the rebels fhot both fmall and great with great order and fteadinefs, only the King's cannon which came foon up in the intervals of the battalions, plied the rebels very hard, and did good execution. It is a hard matter to -give a very exad account of fuch an adion as this, which began in the night, and was ended by break of day ; and to do right to all the general officers and other com manders, who behaved themfelves with great fteadinefs and re- 1 >. folution STATE PAPERS. 311 fblution in their feveral pofts and ftationsi, as appeared by the fuc- James ii. oefs they had. Whilft this was paffing between the foot, Lord Eeyerfham ordered Villiers with all the horfe-guards and grenadiers on horfeback (except that party of them which had been out with Oglethorpe), Captain Adderly's troop of horfe, and one troop of dragoons, to pafs over the ditch on the left of the foot, and to draw up on the enemy's right, but not to charge them; and meeting Oglethorpe who was but then come back with his party of guards and volunteers from towards Bridgwater, and Captain Upert with his fmall guard of fifty horfe, brought them with him behind the foot, to the right, where finding the reft of the horfe and dragoons drawn up, the laft next the foot, and the horfe on the right of all^ , ordered them to pafs over the ditch ; and Oglethorpe, who with his party paffed over firft, met with a body of the rebels horfe. What their number was, the darknefs of the night, and their running Co > foon, made it not to be known ; fo that inftead of purfuing them, they were ordered to halt ; and after they had ftood fome time front ing that way, Lord Feverfham ordered them to wheel to the left, and to keep their- ground, not knowing what was become of all the rebels horfe ; not judging it proper then to let them charge their foot; only Oglethorpe, with his party, tried one of their battalions, but was beaten back by them, though they were mingled amongft1 them, and had feveral of his men wounded and knocked off their horfes, amongft which number was Captain Sarsfield, who was knocked down by the butt end of a mufket and left for dead upon the place. I forgot to give an account of one thing which hap pened before the horfe and dragoons paffed over the ditch ; which was, that' Holmes's battalion firing at the Lord Cornbury's troop of dragoons, his Lieutenant Warde, who was Handing by him, called out to that battalion not to fire more at them, for that they were friends; which they thinking to be true, did not only that, but Holmes himfelf* taking them for friend-s, came up on horfeback from 1 the 3ra STATE PAPERS. james ii. the liead of his battalion to the very ditch behind which they ftood. 'The fame Lieutenant calling to him, Who are you for ? and be ing anfwered, For who but Monmouth; the Lieutenant and one •of the ferjeants fired at him, killed his horfe under him, and broke Iiis arm, and there he lay. Soon after which, Lord Churchill paf fing over the ditch there, when that wing, paffed, feeing him hold up his head as he lay, afked him, Who art thou ? He anfwered, he. was not in a condition to tell, and lay ftill, but. .afterwards got up, and was taken by fome ftraggling men among the tents of the foot. And now as things were in this condition, Lord Churchill went to the left of the foot, and ordered the two Tangier battalions to march from their poft, there being no enemy againft them, and to march behind the other battalion, to draw" upon Douglas's right. But, as I take it, juft as they had got thither? the day beginning to break, Lord Fe verfham, who was with the horfe on the right, feeing no appearance of any more of the rebels horfe, and that the pikes of one of their battalions began to fhake, and at laft open, ordered the foot to pafs over the ditch to charge them ; which they did. Which the rebels feeing, ran before they came to handy blows, and the five companies of grenadiers were ordered to. follow the purfult, and fome of the horfe and dragoons fell in with them, and did execution on them, till they got off the moor into the inclofures, which they foon did, the moor being but eight hundred yards broad In .that place, from ditch to ditch. There was the greateft flaughter of the rebels in that ditch, which was deep and boggy, and in a corn field, which was on the other fide of it; and there they took and gave quarter to about twelve hundred of them. As for the Duke of Monmouth himfelf, he brought up the foot ; and then went to his cannon to fee them well plied, as indeed they. were, by a Dutch gunner he had brought over with him ; but fome time after, his horfe were all gone, and that Williams, a' fervant of his, told him he might fee the King's horfe on their flanks, going, as" he S T A-T E PAPERS, 313 he believed, to encompafs them, he put off his arms, and taking JAMES 11. one hundred guineas from his fervant,' left his foot ftill fighting, and went away with Lord Grey (who came to him after his horfe were all difperfed or gone), a BrandenBurgher, and one or two more, and went up the hill which overlooks the moor as you go towards Brif tol, and from thence lodked about, and could fee his foot ftill firing? and continued On his way to the top of Mendip hills, where he dif- guifed himfelf, and altering his courfe, took Kis way towards Ring- Wood, defigning to get info the new fdreft ; which if he could once have done, he looked on himfelf as fafe, Lord Grey being' well ac quainted there ; and then it would have beert eafy for him' to have found fome embarkation to ha*ve carried him beyond 'fea'. But to re turn to his beaten troops, Buffet's battalion fuffered the moft, who were all of the town of Taunton, and were for the moft part killed or taken. The reft were all difperfed, though they fuffered not fo- much; only Wade with fome two or three hundred' foot of his bat talion, got in a body into Bridgwater, where he found three of their troops of horfe, which had run away in the night,' drawri up in good order in the market-place, commanded by Captain Alexander, Gap* tain Hucker, and one Tucker., At firft they would not own ;, they were beaten, to the people of the town ; but after they had confulted a little amongft themfelves, thought the beft way they could do for felf-prefervation was to difperfe, which they did, every man fhift> ing for himfelf; fo that when Lord Feverfham marched towards Bridgwater, having fent before him a trumpeter to fummon the town, expeding that thofe who had efcaped from the battle, might be rallied there to defend it, he found them all gone. As for the number of the flain on the King's fide, they amounted not in all to above and fome wounded *. On the rebels, • The London. Gazette is filent as to the account. According to Ralph, thofe who lofsron the King's fide, fo that the Editor rated it higheft, fpeak of four hundred. cannot venture to £11 up the -blanks in this Vol. II. £ the country, and inform Colonel Venner in the boat, and to fpeed away for Taunton, to raife that place, and to bring what ftrength he could to Lyme. At break of day, the tide Thurfday, then ferving, we weighed anchor and fet fail for Lyme, and in our courfe met the boat, which returning gave this account, That they had put Mr. Dare afhore; that that part of the country was clear, no force thereabout; but that the Duke of Albemarle was gone to Exeter, to raife the militia of Devonfhire ; and that the Somerfet- mire forces were on foot, and at Taunton : upon which the Duke .< confulted whether we ought to land, and it was refolved that we ought. We came about noon to an anchor, in the bay before the town, within a league of it, and immediately furprifed a little fifher boat with three perfons in it, by whom we underftood more perfectly the pofture ofthe town, and that we fhould meet with no refinance In it, as they believed. Our two fmaller fhips failed about half a mile nearer the town than the frigate,' which hrought forth the Cuftom- houfe boat and officers, who were furprifed by Mr, Hayes, who commanded the fhip of burden, on hoard of whom they came, and hrought prifoners on board the frigate : the Duke treated them very civilly, and learned from them, that no refiftance could be made by the town. After dinner, when the tide ferved, we weighed anchor and came as near the town as we could, and being then mailers of feven boats, we got all our land force on * The firft information is miflingi f The lift follows-, but is thought not material enough to be inferted* S f 2 board 3i.6 STATE PAPER g. james U, |)0ard of them, and landed near Lyme, on the ftrand, being about 1085. • '- < — 'v ' funfet. From wrience we marched, very well armed and clothed, to Lyme, in a military manner, the Duke at the head of us, where, we were received by the fliouts and acclamations of the people, the mayor being fled. Our company was by the Duke divided Into three parts, two* thirds whereof were .appointed to guard the avenues of the town, the remaining third was to get the arms and ammunition from on board the fhjps- ; my part of it was to get the pieces of cannon on fhore, and fee them mounted, which I performed by break of day, having good affiftance of mariners and townfmen. I forgot to men tion that at our landing, near fixty young fellows' of the town offered their ferviee to the Duke, and were immediately lifted, and had arms delivered them : by. break of day before the morning (the news of the Duke's landing being fpread abroad into the country} many came and offered their fervice, I fuppofe fome hundreds. Some |Hday.- faid that they were in bed when they heard the news, but that they im mediately arofe and came away : the next day great numbers pjefented themfelves to the Duke. The method was, that when they came, the Duke caufed their names to be taken, and fent them by a mef fenger with the lift of their names to the Town-hall, where the arms were, and perfons to give them out, who immediately armed thenv and fent them by other meffengers to the officers who guarded the avenues, where they were put in order, and exprcifed, That day fteing Friday, the morrow after our landing, all dili gence imaginable was ufed to get horfes ; meffengers were fent to feize all they could lay their hands on near the. town ; by noon confiderable numbers were brought in, I fuppofe near forty or "fifty*. 'and upon intelligence that there were feveral perfons in Bridport fix miles frorn Lyme, ready to join us, if the way were clear of the conftable's guard then kept up in the town, Major ^Clanly was fent with fifteen horfe, mounted for the mpft. part by officers, and gen- + tlemen ?TATE PAPERS. 317 tlemen that came over with the Duke, to bring off the perfons that JAMESii. were willing to join them. But they found not only the conftable's « — •>¦* f, watch, but a troop of militia horfe to oppofe, them ; Which the ma jor charged and routed, killing two of the troopers; and finding them fupported with greater force, retreated to Lyme without phr- fuit, or a man wounded. This being Friday at night, we had a rendezvous of bur forces, and marched out of town with about eight hundred foot, and one hundred and fifty horfe, and three pieces of cannon, to a crdfs^way, where we polled ourfelves advantageoufly in the hedges and ftreights, to receive the Duke of Albemarle, Who (as the Duke was informed, yet falfely) intended to fall upon us that night. This night the foot lay * upon the ground with their arms, in rank and file, and the horfe- men on the ground, holding their bridles in their hands, as their horfes flood in fquadron. This night I had no command of foot, but a party of horfe, about twenty-five in number; there were left in town about two hundred foot and one piece of cannon. Early in the morning being Saturday, a little after break of day, Saturday. Mr. Dare returned to us, with about forty horfe pretty well mount ed, but few of them armed, and all but ordinary fellows; but himfelf very well mounted : for which horfe, in the evening* Mr* Fletcher and he falling out, Mr. Dare received a fhot in the head,. . of which he inftantly died, and Mr. Fletcher was committed pri- foner to the fhip ; which was a great lofs to the Duke, in Mr. Dare, who was the Duke's Secretary, and paymafter ofthe army, and in Mr. Fletcher, who was his beft horfe officer, and had received a commiffion to be Lieutenant Colonel to my Lord Grey. By Mr. Dare we underftood, the Somerfet militia was in Taunton, which kept it from rifing. The fame morning came to me Mr. Tyler of Periftole, whom I prefently made my Lieutenant ; he came from * The famous Andrew Fletcher of Saltoun, Exeter, -;St8 STATE PAPERS. ' :1AMesil ^Exeter, -and eave 4he -Duke an. account, that the Duke of Albe- 1685.. o ^ _ .^ • „' .' rmarle was in no condition to fall upon him in fome days. This day -I formed the Duke's regiment, and delivered "every ^Captain his>cpmmand : the regiment, as it then flood, amounted to .about five hundred men. Colonel Holmes formed his this day, amounting, I believe, to near the fame number. Colonel Fonke ;his,, being, I believe, about three hundred and fifty j and the yellow, -which was afterwards Matthews's, began to be formed, under the --command of Major Fox. Near the evening the Duke told me, I muft prepare a party of three hundred foot of his own regiment, to which he would, add a hundred of Fouke's, under the command -of Captain Francis Goodenough, and a party of forty horfe com manded by my Lord Grey, to fall upon the militia of Dorfetfhire,. sthen at Bridport fix miles off us ; that we were to march all night, and, beat up their quarters by break of day; which I did. The -order of our march was, that Lieutenant Mitchell fhould lead the vanguard, being of forty mufketeers,_and be followed with a hun dred mufketeers under the command of Captain Thompfon; the reft of the foot to follow, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Venner • .and the horfe "in the rear commanded by Lord Grey, who command ed the whole party in chief, but was ordered by the Duke to take ithe .advice of Colonel Venner. We marched all night in great fecrecy, and by the way met with information, that the forces in the town were twelve hundred foot, and a hundred horfe ftrong, at. the leaft, which was an unequal match for us. But being pofitively commanded to attempt it, we were refolved to do our beft endeavours ; we carried the perfon with us pnfoner, that gave us the account; and fomewhat after broad day, we came to Bridport, being favoured with a thick mift. today. T^ey had no out-guards at all but what we met with juft. at fhe town's end ; but before I fpeak ofthe adion, I fhall fet down what I obferved of the fituatiou of. the -town. STATE PAPERS. 3J9 It is a long town of one broad ftreet, and a crofs ftreet, JAMESii* a bridge of ftone *at each end of the long ftreet; the horfe, and fpme fmall party of foot, were in the town, the reft of the foot were in a meadow, beyond the farthermoft bridge. We, entering. the town, met with fmall refiftance ; the out-guards retired with expedition to the main-guard, who were as fpeedy in their retread- enduring only one volley of our van-guard of mufketry ; fo that we became mafters of the town immediately, and found many of the. militia horfes running up and down the ftreets without riders. We having fecured the entrance into the town by a ftand of pikes, and two or three files of mufketeers, under the command- of Enfign Afcough, and the great crofs ftreet, by two little parties of foot, commanded by Lieutenants Lillingftone and Brinfcombe,. left. we fhould be furrounded, the number of the enemy being fo great ; we, advanced with a fmall body of foot, to attack the farthermdft. bridge, under the command of Colonel Venner, and having drawn. up another fmall body of foot behind them for their fuccour, I was commanded by Colonel. Venner, to defire my Lord Grey to advance the horfe, to countenance the foot, which he did ; but he was no; fooner paffed me, than I found myfelf with my refer ve of foot- which I commanded, engaged by fome who fired at us out of win dows. This occafioned our breaking open the doors of the houfes,:: in which unhappy encounter, thofe two gentlemen Mr. Strangeways and Mr.- Coker. loft their lives. The latter was killed -by Colonel Venner, after he had fhot theColonel into the belly ; the other was flain by a mufketeer, as he was endeavouring to piftol Captain. Francis GOodenough, after, as we thought, he had taken quarter. After this was over, we advanced to the attack of the bridge, to the defence of which, the officers had with much ado prevailed with their foldiers to ftand. Our foot fired one volley upon them, which they anfwered with another, and killed us two men ofthe foot; at which my Lord Grey with the horfe ran, and never turned face till they foot to be cut off. This flight of Lord Grey fo difcouraged the van-guard of the foot, that they threw down their arms, and began to run ; but I bringing up another nobly to their fuccour, they Were perfuaded to take' their arms again, aril but fuch as ran into houfes1 for fhelter, which were rieatf fifteen Or feventeen. Colonel Venner being difmayed: by his wound received from Mr. Goker, command ed us to retreat, and Would not fuffer us to make a- fetond attack; upon, the bridge ; arid when lte ftatfc fo done; he mounted and fol lowed my Lord Grey to Lyme', leaving' us to retreat as we could. I drew off my guardk oh the crofs ftfeet; and caufed my me'nro' retreat to the firff bridge 'We" had poffeffed' at1 the entrance info tfie town, and} then flaying' about halfan hour, expeded that the ene my wonid '¦ have attacked vis; as- we did them ; not doubfirigy by art ambufcade of mufketeers" that We Had near the bridge, to give tliefrV good entertainment; but they coritented; themfelves1 to repoffefs the middle of the' town, and*' fhbufat us Out of mufket-ffiof; vfe~ ati-f fwered them alike, and by this- bravo ha'vihg a- little eftablifliea; the daggering courage1 of our fbldie'rs, We retreated iri prefty' godd order, - vfritfi twelve or1 fourteen prifon^J-s^ andab'oiiVtHirfy1 horfe, fending' two or three Captains before With' a party of mufkets' to drbfs forne" ambufhes in .cafe we had been purfued;- but we had no occafionP for that precaution. When Wfe were COme Within two miles of Lyme, wewefe* rriet'J by the Duke"at the'head of a goodbodyof horfe, tcf'fa'VorJr tne"re- treat as4ie' thought of his- ftf aggling forces, but Was- furprifed to 'fee' us marching'in good ;Ordef. Be1 ttfanled1 rhe for bringing Off his1 men, artd'defriarided; of me if it were true, as it Was reported, that11 my Lord Grey ran'away ? Ianfwefedhim, Yes; at' which he" feem-' ed much furprifed, yet' rfeveiffhelefs continued him in his cbmrhaha*.' We Were much' tired With our march, ydt' no foorier a little refrefh-.' -ed, but the Duke "told me, I mu'ft be ready for the thatch early On the STATEPAPERS. zzi the morrow morning, and faid that now Venner was wounded, he JA3^S IL expeded I fhould take the charge of the regiment on myfelf ; he ^ « ' likewife acquainted me, that he had intelligence of the Duke of Albemarle's march with the Devonfhire, and of the march of the Somerfetfhire forces, to coup him up ; and unlefs he marched early the. next morning, all was loft. I took little reft, being fent by the Duke to fetch all the officers into the field, which I effeded about two in the morning, and laid me down on the ground till three, when we had orders to "beat the drums: I perceived that in -^ — ^ my abfence the army was considerably increafed ; for on Monday, about ten o'clock, we marched, out of. Lyme near three thoufand ftrong. I had the van-guard that day of the foot. After we had marched about two hours towards Axminfter, we dif covered, on one fide, the march of the Devonfhire forces ; on the other, p • ... » » ofthe Somerfetfhire ; to a conjundion, as we fuppofed, in Axminfter; which caufed us to double our march, that we might prevent it. The fcouts of the Somerfetfhire forces had firft entered the town, but on the approach of ours they retired. The Duke poffeffed him felf of the town, and feized on the ..-.paffes,. regarding each army, which he guarded with cannon and mufketeers ; the places, by rea fon of the thick hedges and ftrait ways, being very advantageous for that purpofe. , I was polled with the Duke's regiment regarding the Devonfhire forces, and had -the German Gentleman; now a prifoner, joined to me by the Duke for my affiftant on our fide. The horfe of the Devonfhire forces advanced, within half a quarter of a mile of our advanced poft; but difcovering that we had lined , the hedges, they retreated* We advanced upon them, but the Duke came and commanded us back, telling us, that the Somerfetfhire forces were likewife retired on the other fide ; and faid it was not his bufinefs at prefent to fight, but to march on. So we drew, off our parties from their pofts, and encamped in a ftrong piece of ground Vol. II. T t on 3« STATE P A P E It S. JAMES ir. 1685. I Tuefday. Wednefday. Thurfday. on the other fide of Axminfter towards Chard, putting out very ftrong guards, where we lodged that night. .'•¦. We marched early the next morning from thence to Chard, where we again encamped in a field near the town, and lay there all the night. There happened nothing very remarkable in this day's march, fave that Mr. John Speake came in to us, with a company of ragged horfe, whofe names I knew not, nor did not inquire, being a company of ordinary fellows. And here began the firft propofal of Mr. Fergufon, to proclaim the Duke of Monmouth King; it was feconded by my Lord Grey; but eafily ran down by thofe that were againft it. Here we likewife learnt, that the retreat of the Somerfetfhire forces was little better than a flight, many of the foldiers coats and arms being recovered and brought in to us.^ ' This day we marched to llmlnfter, and likewife encamped in a field about half a mile beyond the town ; nothing at all hap pened remarkable in this day's march, i We marched to Taunton, and likewife encamped in a field near the town, and lay there' all night, and the next day ; when we were prefented with colours by the maids of Taunton, whofe names I know not, but I fuppofe they cannot be wanting. This liay the Duke had intelligence of the Duke of Albemarle ! having poffeffed himfelf of Wellington, a town within five miles of Taun ton ; which caufed the Duke to make fome fmall entrenchments on the roads leading that way, and to put out ftrong guards. I was commanded on the guard with the whole Duke's .regiment, where I continued that night, and all the next day till evening, being Sa turday, when I was difcharged, and had quarters affigned me for the regiment. This was the firft night we lay in bed*, after our coming over. This evening we received orders for a march early the next morning. During our abode in Taunton, I was called by the Duke to a council of war, being the firft I believe that he held, doing all things S T"A TE PAPERS. 323 things before by his own judgment. It was propofed, whether we JAM,ES IL io8c« fhould march back and fight the Duke of Albemarle, or march ,v on. And it was refolved, we fhould march on. He then took me and fome others afide, and perfuaded us, that we fhould confent to his being proclaimed King ; alleging, that, according to the intel ligence he had received, it was a great obftrudion to his affairs, and the only reafon why the gentlemen of the country came not in to him, being all averfe to a Commonwealth ; which, as he faid, they Were all jealous we intended to fet up ; and promifed us, that he would the next day fet forth a proclamation, whereby he would make frefh promifes to the people, of the liberties were promifed them by his declaration. We fubmitted to it, and it was done at the IVIarket-crofs at Taunton, being read by Mr. Tily, The Duke's .quarters in this town, was at Mr. Hooker'af During our ftay here, we had flain Cornet Legg, in a horfe, fkirmifh near the towfi. Sunday morning we marched to Bridgwater, having addition to our army of Lieutenant-colonel Baflet's regiment of foot, which, the .officers faid, confifted of eight hundred; to complete which, he had itolen from every regiment all the Taunton people that came to them at Lyme, being I fuppofe at leaft two hundred; of Captain tSlapc's company of fcythes, and mufketeers, being a hundred, .which were added to the Duke's regiment; and of two troops, of •horfe, Captain Hooker's and Captain Tucker's, making near c one hundred and fixty. --i. I know of nothing remarkable in this march, fave that we had very good quarters at Bridgwater, and for the moft part free. Monday ; we marched to Glaftonbury, being an exceeding rainy •day. We quartered our foot in the abbey and churches, making very great fires to dry and rcfrefh'our men, and had pro vifions. from the CommiSaries in our march. This day we were alarmed by a party of Lord Oxford's horfe; and on the other fide had news, that the miKtia had left Wells, and were retreated to Bath and Briftol. T t 2 Tuefday ; 324 STATE PAPERS. ¦*AA6gSir' Tuefday; we marched to Shipton Mallet, and were quartered in v — ,. ^j houfes. Here the Duke told me of his intent to attack Briftol, and that, on the Somerfetfhire fide ; and afked my opinion therein. I informed him, that if it was in any part tenable, it was there ; and therefore that, in my opinion, he ought to pafs the river Avon aj; Keynfham-bridge (which is the midway between Bath and Briftol), and attack it on the Glocefterfhire fide, where there were many advantages not to be found on the Somerfetfhire fide. He was fatisfied with what I faid, and refolved to do accordingly j. fo,: in, order to it, we marched next day (Wednefday) to Pensford. We were all this day alarmed in the rear, by a party of horfe and dra goons ; neverthelefs we lodged quietly that night in Peiisford> within five miles of. Briftol, where we met with nothing remark able, but that we perceived a great fire in or near Briftol that night* By the rednefs of the Iky, we fuppofed, they had fet thefuburbsion fire, left we fhould have poffeffed ourfelves of it; but it feems it was a fhip accidentally fet on fire. Thurfday; early In the morning we marched towards Keynfham, the Duke having the night before fent a troop of horfe under the command of Captain Tily, to poffefs themfelves of the town, and repair the bridge, which we had intelligence was broken down to prevent our paffage. At Captain Tily V coming to~thetown, these was in it a troop of militia horfe of Glocefterfhire, who at his ap proach immediately retired, and left behind them two horfes, and 'one of their party prifoner. By break of day the bridge was re paired, and we poffeffed ourfelves thereof about ten o'clock. in the morning, marching over with our whole army; but it proving very rainy weather, and not far from the city of Briftol, which we in tended to fall upon that night, having thofe in our camp that perfed- ly underftood the city, we were ordered to march back again, and take up quarters in the town, as if we intended to lodge, 'there all night. But we had hardly taken up our quarters, when we were STATE PAPER S.L 3*5 were alarmed by two parties of horfe, falling into the town at two JAMESii. feveral places, with whom our horfe unadvifedly engaged, and after > „~ -j the lofs of above fourteen of our own party, amongft whom was Brand, Captain of horfe, they retired, leaving us three prifoners ; from whom the Duke was informed, that the King's army being, as they faid, about four thoufand, was at hand. Upon which the Duke altered his refolution of attacking Briftol, and debated it with his officers, whether it was beft to march forward to Glocefter, and fo breaking down the bridge there over Severn, and keeping the river on our flank, to march into Shropfhire arid Chefhire, where he fuppofed he had friends to- join him; or to march into Wiltfhire, ing being Sunday, where we put our men into quarters, and ftaid there all that day and the next, to refrefh our men. Here the Duke was very difcorifolate, complaining that all people had deferred him ; that nobody ftirred any where to make a diverfion ; that not one of the horfe talked of by Mr. Adlam appeared ; that he was like-* wife difappointed in the defertion he expeded from the King's forces ; and that this muft of neceffity come to ruin. And therefore he thought it advifable to leave his army, and repair with his offi cers to fome fea-port town, and make his efcape with them beyond fea. This was mightily applauded by Colonel Venner, but my Lord Grey and others oppofed it, as a thing fo bafe, that It could never be forgiven by the people, to be fo deferted, and that the Duke muft never exped more to be trufted. At length it was laid afide, arid refolutions were taken by him to ftick by his army ; 3 neverthelefs 328 STATE PAPERS. JA?68S "* neverthelefs Colonel Venner, and Major Parfons, Holmes's Major, went away privately. Monday night; the Duke gave orders for a march on Tuefday morning; and it was intended for -Warminfter ; but on Tuefday morning we had intelligence of a double nature. On the one hand, that the King's army were marched early that morning from Brad ford to Weftbury, and fo croffed our march to Warminfter; on the other hand, a Quaker, whofe name I know not, that had formerly been with the Duke at Glaftonbury, to inform him of a great club army that were up in the marfhes in Somerfetfhire, about Axbridge, came now again to the Duke, and acquainted him, that they were ten thoufand ftrong, and that, if .the Duke would retire towards them, they would join him. This prevailed with the Duke to Order his "march to Shipton Mallet, where we came that night, and were quar tered in houfes here; I fuppofe we were at free quarters, money be ing fhort. The next morning we marched tp Wells, on information that there were fome carriages left there of the King's, guarded by a fmall party of dragoons, which we took ; and quartered there all night. Thurfday morning, we marched towards Bridgwater, thinking to meet with the great club army, which proved to be about one hun dred and fixty, inftead of ten thoufand. We lay in the moor jail night, and marched next day, being Friday, to Bridgwater, to refrefh our men, and fix our arms, which were very much out of order, fend- ing warrants, before, to fummon in the country people with fpades and pick-axes to work, as if we intended to fortify. Something of that nature was done, but only to fecure our quarters, and am ufe the -world, intending nothing lefs than. to ftay there. Saturday was fpent in exercifing our men, and fixing our arms. This day great numbers went from us to Taunton to fee their' friends, and returned, for the moft part, again on Sunday. Sunday morning, the. Duke received an account of the march ofthe King's army from Somerton, and therefore prepared STATEPAPERS. 3*9 prepared himfelf to march from them, which he did intend to do JAM-gS IL the evening following, and to march all night to Axbridge; and from thence, paffing Keynfham bridge, to march to Gloucefter, and fo paffing the Seve'rn, to take the formerly intended courfe into -Shropfhire and Chefhire. Our carriages were loaded in order to it; but in the afternoon, about three o'clock, having an account of the pofture of the King's army in Sedgemore, that the foot were en camped in the field, the horfe going into the villages to quarter ; that all the cannon were drawn up againft the way to Bridgwater ; and that we might march upon them another way, and avoid their cannon ; he called the field officers together, and demanded of them, if they thought it was advifable to fight, if we could furprife them in the night ? They all agreed it was, provided the foot did not entrench. Upon wliich he fent back the fpy that brought him the account, to fee if they entrenched or not, who brought anfwer, That they did not ; but took no notice of the ditch that lay in the" way of our march. About eleven o'clock that night, we marched out of the town. I had the vanguard of the foot, with the Duke's .regiment ; and we marched in great filence along the road that leads from Bridgwater to Briftol, until we came to the lane that paffed into the moor where the King's army was. Then we made a halt for the horfe to pafs by, and received our orders ; which were, that the horfe fhould advance firft, and pufh into the King's camp, and mix ing with the King's foot, endeavour to keep them from coming together ; that the cannon fhould follow the horfe, and the foot the cannon, and draw all up in one line, and fo finifh what the horfe had begun, before the King's horfe or cannon could get in order. The horfe advanced to the ditch and never farther; but on the > - firing of fome of the King's foot, ran out ofthe field. By" that time our foot came up, we found our horfe all gone, and the King's foot in order. I advanced within thirty or forty paces of the ditch, being oppofite to the Scotch battalion ofthe King's, as I learnt fince; and Vol. IX "U u there S30 STATE PAPERS. james ii. there was forced to make a full flop, to put the battalion in fome 1685. j order; the Duke having caufed them to march fo exceeding fwift after he faw his horfe run, that they were all in confufion. By that time I had put them in fome order, and was preparing to pafs the ditch (not intending to fire till I had advanced clofe to our enemies),. Colonel Matthews was come up, and began to fire at a diftance; upon which the battalion I commanded fired likewife, and after that I could not get them to advance. We continued in that ftatioa firing for about an hour and a half, when it being pretty light, I perceived all the battalions on the left, running (who, as I fine© underftood, were broken by the King's horfe of the left wing), and finding my own men not inclinable to ftand, I caufed them to face about, and made a kind of diforderly retreat to a ditch a great way behind us, where we were charged by a party of horfe and dragoons, and routed ; above one hundred and fifty getting over the ditch. I marched with them on foot to Bridgwater, where I met with two or three full troops of horfe, that had run away out of the field, without ftriking a ftroke. I got my horfes ; and with about twenty officers and others, amongft which was Fergufon, I went weftward to meet two troops of horfe who were gone to Minehead, to fetch up fix pieces of cannon, being Captain Hullin's and Captain Carey's troops. With part of them, amounting in all to near fifty, we went to Ilfracombe, and feized on a veffel, which we vidualled, and put to fea, but were forced afhore by two frigates cruifing on the coaft • after which we difperfed and fled into the woods. I, for my part, was alone, from that time, to the time I was taken coming out of the houfe of John Eirch in the parifli of Brendin, in the county of -Devon* Thus I have given an account of what I can remember, which indeed amounts to little more than a journal of the marches and adion of the army ; it is the full of what I know, ^s to the perfon* ' that advanced money, I know of none,' nor have not heard of the aame of any; for my part I was never with the Duke, but gene rally STATE PAPERS. 33t rally in the field, unlefs when I came for orders, or was at a coun- James il . . ! l68s- cil of war, which was very feldom ; neither can I imagine the fum received to be very great ; for it may be demonftrated that the whole expenceof the Duke's army may be defrayed for 3000 1.; nor did I ever hear that there was any fum advanced towards it, but what was by ordinary and middle fort of people. As to the annuity of my Lord Stamford, granted to Colonel Romfey, I cannot fay any thing pofitively to it. Such a rumour I have heard, but whether it were fo in truth, or only money lent, J know not ; it was tranfaded (if at all) while I was fick at Briftol. I know nothing more of Sir William Ellis, than what I have re lated, having never been in the gentleman's company in my life, nor do I know him if I fee him. I know nothing more of the Ghefhire affair, than what I have fet down, only that afking Cap tain Matthews, if the Chefhire gentlemen would not ftir ? He an fwered, Yes furely ; for he underftood my Lord Delamere was gone x into the country for that purpofe. The perfons to have gone into America were John Ayloffe, Roger a Quaker, myfelf, and Thomas Merry. The feven to have been con-^ cerned in the plantation as proprietors, Edmund Waller, Edward Norton, Richard Nelthorp, John Freke, Thomas Merry, Robert Weft, William Penn, and feveral other Quakers. The perfons of the King's Head Club I can at prefent remember t „ are, John Trenchard, Henry Trenchard, John Ayloffe, Edward Norton, Richard Nelthorp, Richard Goodenough, Francis* Good- enough, Robert Weft, John Romfey, Robert Blaney, Thomas Dore, James Hooper, Thomas Hooper, Daniel Blake, Peter Warburton, John Freke, Edmund Waller, Carleton Whitlocke, Thomas Day, Jofeph.Tily, John Rowe, Legg, Jofeph Afhurft, Chriftopher Bettifcombe, Zechariah Bourn, William Clark, Clerk, Hugh Speke, Charles Speke, Francis Trenchard, John Allen, Thomas Shadwell, Henry Baker, Charles Umphrevil, Aaron Smith, Henry U u 3 Starky, 332 STATE PAPERS. james n. Starky, Hugh Weftlake, ¦ Ogle, German Treton, Benjamin- Rudyare, John Fanfhaw, Thomas Merry, — — Pratt, Mu nekton. I forgot to mention that Mr. Hooke, the Duke's chaplain *, was; fent to London, to endeavour an infurredion there, but from whence or when, I know not ; for it was kept very fecret, and it was fome time before I miffed him; and that Major Manley 's fon came to Bridgwater from London the Saturday before the battle at Wefton* and that he and his father went towards London that Saturday night, to endeavour a rifing. I think that it was Sir Robert Peyton that the Duke talked of, for Chief in London. Nath. Wade. * This gentleman, at different times, rank of Lieutenant-general. In 1708, he- figured in very different characters. From was fent by Lewis the Fourteenth, Plenipo— an independent preacher, the Chaplain of tentiary to the Jacobite party in Scotland ; Monmouth, and companion of his invafion ; and the letters and memorials which paffed he was metamorphofed into a zealous parti- during that negociation, were publifhed fome ' fan of King James; and having followed years ago.— --See alfo, Lotjkhart's Memoirs^ him into exile, became an officer in the page 197. > French army, in which fervice he rofe to the S TAvT E. PAPERS, 3.33 WILLIAM. 1608. No. VI. < — ^-> Partition Treaty. [The public is indebted for the following letters from King Wil- Tranflated Ham to Penfionary Heinfius, to that worthy and able Minifter Duwh. the Greffiel Fagel, who is always ready and willing to affift the enquiries of his friends. Though the partition-treaty (which-proceeded originally from Lewis the Fourteenth) ended unfortunately, and difpleafed all par ties, the difinterefted and upright intentions of King William in promoting , it; are fufficiently apparent from thefe papers.- Strong , fenfe, and an extenfive view ofthe interefts of Europe, particularly thofe of the countries he governed, are no lefs difcernible, and will do honour-to the memory^of a Prince, who, with all his de- feds, deferves the veneration of every good Englifhman. liord' Bolingbroke has>, nr the feeond volume of his letters to " Lord Cornbury, ftatedthe difficulties, with which this projedof • a partition was attended, in a manner convincing in itfelf, and r candid, indeed juft; to King William's memory To thofe pages the Editor begs leave to refer the reader. With regard to the condud of Lewis the Fourteenth:, there is reafon to think, from lights which our anceftors had not the benefit * of, that when he propofed to Lord Portland, and, through Marechal Tallard, to King William, the idea of a partition, he , was fincere, and meant to avoid a war, in. the decline of his life ; but finding the Houfe of Auftria obftinately averfe to the projed, and the. Spaniards as obftinate in their inclinations to keep the *¦ Mr. Torcy'a -Memoirs, andParcourtYdifpatches, The latter, MSS.. • ¦ VojuIL 'U.U3 monarchy 334 STATE PAPERS. william monarchy entire : the offer of fo brilliant a fucceffion to a grandfon, was too hard for his good faith ; and perhaps no prince of ambi tion would have been able to refift the temptation. If King William was guilty of any fault in the negociation, it was the relying too little on the fentiments of hfs Englifh mihiftry, and managing the treaty too much through private channels. However, the neceffity of keeping the fecret, and the fluduating ftate of parties at that time, will furnifh fome apology for his condud in that particular.] ExtraSis from King Williams Letters, relative to the Partition Treaty. To Penfionary Heinjius. Kenfington, December 24, i697. & January 3, 1698. CINCE my laft, I have received your letters of the 27th and 31ft of December. What the French ambaffadors have faid to you, that fomething muft be done by the Republic, France, and me, to wards maintaining the peace, furprifes me much; arid I am of opi* nion with you, that it relates to the guaranty between the Emperor, the empire, and us. The Earl of Portland will readily be able to get to the bottom of this affair in France ; and this is a further reafon for haftening his departure as much as poffible. . William R. ¦ Windfor, March 8-i8, 1698. J SEND you herewith, a letter I received yefterday evening, by * a courier from the Earl of Portland ; you will judge of the great importance of the affair. I have writ to him, to keep this important negociation on foot, and to try to bring the French to 9 , j particulars, STATE PAPERS. 33* particulars, that one may then be the better able to judge what is William. poffible to be done in this bufinefs. I beg you will write your fenti- ' » — — *, ments on this important affair, to the Earl of Portland, by a courier, that it may be done with fecrecy, for you know of what confequence it is. You will recoiled the difcourfe we had on this fubjed at Loo, and I believe alfo at the Hague. It will be neceffary you fhould write rather amply to the Earl of Portland, and fend me ' a copy of the letter, for my information, and alfo return his to me, for you fee I have not a copy of it. William R. Inclofure. OIER Meffrs. de Pompone &z de Torcy me vinrent voir, et me dirent, que c'etoit par ordre du Roi Tres-Ghretien, pour me dire, qu'il vouloit bien fe fervir de moi dans une chofe de la plus grande importance, et qui demandoit le plus grand fecret ; qu'il me temoignoit avoir une entiere confidence en moi. ApreV que j'avois repondu comme je devois, Monf. de Pompone dit que, com- me les fentimens du Roi fon Maitre e'toient finceres pour le main- tien de la paix, et que l'on etoit entierement perfuade que ceux de V. M. etoient de meme, il falloit fonger a ce qui en pour- • joit caufer l'interruption, pour s'entendre a la prevenir; que la mort du Roi d'Efpagne, qui pour roi t furvenir inopinement, et la- quelle rameneroit les memes troubles, dont nous venions de for- tir, etoit de cette nature, que le Roi T. Chr. fouhaitoit d'entrer avec V. M. dans les liaifons qui pourroient prevenir de fi grands maux ; que I'Efpagne tombant entre les mains de l'Empereur, il fe pourroit rendre maitre de toute l'ltalie, et fi abfolu dans l'Em- pirej que nous avions tout lieu de craindre fa trop grande force ; que pour cet effet, le Roi T. Chr. fouhaitoit d'entrer en concert avec V. M. touchant la dite fu'cceffion, & fouhaitoit de favoir fi tile 136 ST ATE P A P E R S. William. relie inclinoit, et quelles conditions & furetes elle,. voudroit pour ¦entrer. Je'lui repondis, que j'etois furpris de la propofition- qu'il me faifoit, quoique je ne pouvois pas. manquer de confiderer la mort du Roi d'Efpagne, comme une chofe qui nous rejettpit indu- bitablement dans la guerre ; que cependant l'on regardoit cela com me un mal ine'vi-table, et que l'on efpe'roit feulement que cela n'arriveroit pas fitot ; que je voyois l'interet de l'Angleterre & de la Hollande de s'oppofer a un accommodement, tant a l'egard de la force de mer, que du commerce par tout le monde ; que je ne voiois pas, comment il etoit poffible que V. M. peut faire aucune reponfe, qu'en general, fur une telle propofition, a. moins que Ton ne me dit les fentimens du Roi T. Chr. a. l'egard des particularites de ee qu'il vouloit propofer. II me repondit, qu'il ne pouyoit pas entrer dans des particularites, tant que l'ort'ne favoit pas vos fentimens en general, et- qu'alors meme il falloit favoir d'elle ce qu'elle jugeroit convenable, pour l'interet & la furete des deux nations. Je dis, que j'etois fur, quand j'ecrivois a V. M. dans les termes generaux, dans lefquels il me parloit, que je ne pouvois attendre tout au mieux d'autre reponfe, finon qu 'elle vouloit bien ecouter ce qu'on lui propofoit. Et comme je vis enfin, que je ne pouvois^ pas en tirer davantage, je lui dis, comme par difcours, mes fentimens particuliers, et tout ce que je croiois qui pourroit etre contre notre interet ; ce que je ne repeterai pa§, pour eviter la longueur de ma lettre. A quoi il me repondit que, pour ce qui etoit des Pais-bas, l'on en1 conviendroit aife'ment, de maniere que l'on en feroit fatisfait, comme V. M. le fouhaiteroit ; ' que pour I'Efpagne meme, l'on donneroit des furetes fuffifantes, qu'elle ne viendroit jamais fous la domination d'un meme Roi avec la France- mais pour les Indes, ni la furete du commerce de la Mediterranee, fur lefquelles deux chofes je touchai beaucoup, il ne me repondit rien, demandant feulement que je vouluffe rendre compte a V. M. dc ce qu'il m'avoit propofe' et de'clare' des fentimens du Roi fon mai tre, STATE PAPERS. 337 tre, et d'etre informe"des votres, fire. Te n'al pas voulu dire rien, William. r 1698. qui pouvoitraucunement faire juger que ce fuffent les intentions de ' ir— •/ "V. M. particulierement, quand on ne fauroit que fi peu ou point* C'eft pourquoi j'attendrai pour favoir la volonte de V. M. fur la chofe meme, & la conduite qu 'elle veut que je tienne ; et cepen- dant, fi j'en ai l'occafion, je parlerai encore[en difcours a Monfieur de Pompone, pour l'engager a lui faire decouvrir fes fentimens un peu plus. Je fupplie V. M. de pardonner les fautes de ma lettre, qui n'eft pas d'une nature a la faire voir a ame qui vive de mes gens, et que j'ai a peine le tems de relire, bien moins d'en tirer les minutes, parceque M. le Daufin m'a envoye chercher pour aller tout prefentement a la chaffe avec lui, ce" que je n'ai pas voulu excufer, ni ne puis remettre plus tard. Je m'en vais monter en earoffe, pour aller a Meudon. Le Comte de Tallard part aujourdhui; je crois que l'on a attendu -expres fi longtems a me parler de ceci, pour fe pou- voir fervir de lui dans cette affaire, en cas que l'on ne fe trouve pas fatisfait de moi ; quoique la roideur que j'ai marque fur toutes les difficultes que l'on m'a faites, foit approuvee de tout le monde a la cour, et que l'on rejette toute la faute fur les introdudeurs que M. meme traite d'ignorans et d'impertinens, Ton juge pe'ut- etre de moi, que je ne me laifferai pas mener dans les chofes, ou mon peu de tems me peut faire voir, que je ne trouverai pas le fervice de V. M. ni I'interets des deux nations. Je la fupplie de croire, que jefuis toujours a. elle avec le meme zele & refped. Paris, le j 5 Mars i6t,8. Portland. Vol. II. X x 338 STATE PAPERS. WILLI 1698. Kenfmgton, March 15-25, 1698. T DID not Write to you laft poft for want of matter. I have fince received your letter of the 1 8th Inftant, and thereby leaqa with great forrow the King of Spain's indifpofition. Should he chance to die now, the accident could never happen at a more un lucky conjundure. You will have learnt by my former letter the bufinefs in which the Earl of Portland is concerned, and I am im patient for your remarks upon it. Should this death take place foon, there is nothing to be expeded from this negociatisn. The invincible difficulties that appear in the thing itfelf ; the unprepared ftate the allies are into begin a War ; and the bad fituation of Spaia, make me fhudder r when I confider the Affair j for certainly Eronee is in a condition to tafee poffeffion of that monarchy, before we fhall be able to concert nieafifres to oppofe it. The confiatution here is fuch, that I fhall be able to contribute little 'towards the land- forces, but I may do fomething towards the -Marine ; for the; people here will, I believe, be inclinable to it, chough we ifhall have fgreat Want of -money. I am of your opinion, that all ipofiible -meafures flibnld be taken with the allies, to guard ^againft fo -unforefeen an accident, but it ought to be done with;precautioa,on aecouut of France ; arid Ldo riot(knt)W but it'Would be properat this time, -to affefrible a kind, of Congrefs, at the Mague again; or it might -be better to negockte Shis matter at Vienna, though •'here I fee/great difficulties on account of the diftance: however, I think it will be the propereft place, and in that cafe, expert minifters muft be fent thither, as alfo to Madrid. It will alfo be neceffary to give encou ragement on all fides to remain armed. I wifh I could do fo too ;: but I fee little appearance of it. • William R. STATE PAPERS. 339 WILLIAM. 1698. T DID not write to you laft poft for want of matter. I have fince received your letters of the 21ft and 25th of March, together with a copy of the letter you have written, to the Earl of Portland ; in which I think you have explained this important matter to him ; and have certainly faid every thing that can be of any confideration. It remains now to be feen whether the French will proceed to parti culars, which I doubt, and ftill more how it will be poffible to find means to bring this important negociation to a good conclufion ; for our interefts are fo different, that I fcarce fee a poffibility of recon ciling them. Befides, the greateft hardfhip that appears to me in this bufinefs, is, the little reliance to be made on engagements with France ; and her power will be thereby fo much the more confider able, that flue will be at liberty to pay juft as much regard to the treaties as may fuit her convenience, of which we have had but too much experience. On the other hand, I do, not fee a poffibility of preventing France ftrom> putting herfelf in immediate poffeffion of the monarchy of Spain, in cafe the King fhould happen to die foon. However, nothing elfe can be done than to take all thofe meafures you mention ; and principally we muft labour to bring the Emperor and the Eledor of Bavaria to an agreement with refped to the fuc- ceffion, otherwife it will be impoffible for us to take meafures right. What Bonrepos has faid to you relative to the marine in France, and .of their being willing to engage not to equip, in cafe England and Holland did the fame, is mere fpeculation. For our part, we fhall do nothing extraordinary, nor other than is ufual in time of peace, viz. fend a fmall fquadron into the Mediterranean, and one to the Weft Indies. I know of no equipment in Holland, and he muft know the fame ; fo that France can form no pretext of equipment, which you may take an opportunity to infinuate to Bonrepos. It would X x 2 not, 340 STATE PAPERS. William, not, however, be improper for Holland to be fo far prepared as to be <¦ ~?-'w> able to equip fuddenly in cafe of need. What Lelienroth has com municated to you of Sweden's intention to renew the treaty with France, does not pleafe me much, though I had expeded it. It is certain, that Crown is taking meafures with both parties, in order to remain, as it were, neuter. The propofition you have made Straetman, with regard to the accommodation in the affair of Schon- enberg, is much to my mind ; I fhall talk in the fame ftrain to Averfberg. William R. Kenfington, ^t9\ j69^ T RECEIVED your letter of laft Friday fo late, that I was not then able to anfwer it. Since then, yours of the ift and 4th of April are come to hand. I find your thoughts entirely occupied with the great ftorm which feems to hang over our heads by the likelihood of the King of Spain's death. I think you perfectly com prehend this affair, and I fhould conform myfelf alfo thereto. Ionly wifh my power was fuch as that I could properly fecond your hearty fentiments. As far as I can penetrate into the opinions of moft. people here, there feems fo great an averfion to fall again into a war at prefent, that, fhould France make any kind of plaufible propo- fals of accommodation, they will here be inclined to accept them without confidering much the fecurity of them ; fo that, in cafe a war is to be the upfhot of the bufinefs, I muft take my meafures fo as to bring this nation infenfibly into it. What I can do at prefent is, to augment the fquadron I had deftined for the Mediterranean, and haften its departure as much as poffible. I am alfo refolved, befides the fhips I had deftined for the Weft Indies, to caufe. thofe to remain till further orders, that are there ; which will make a confiderable fquadron, STATE PAPER'S, 34* fquadron, of which I will fend you a lift. I have alfo thoughts of William. fending four or five regiments to Jamaica, under pretence of defend ing the plantations in thofe parts. I hope to find money for it, which is the grand difficulty of all. Thefe men being there at hand, you will eafily judge, that, in cafe of neceffity, they may make them felves mafters of the Spanifh poffeffions in the Weft Indies, without France's being able to hinder them. I believe alfo I fhall be able, at leaft for fome time, to put off any further redudion of troops. This is the utmoft it will be in my power to do in the prefent conjunc ture, the reft muft be done by the States and other allies; and it is certain that the Republic muft begin and lead the dance. In cafe this misfortunexfhould happen foon, we muft not flatter ourfelves that France will give us the leaft time to interpofe as mediators or otherwife^ in order to accommodate the claimants ; nor do I believe that any thing further will come than what has already been offered to the Earl of Portland, for that agrees with Bonrepbs's language; and as Palmquift is acquainted with the affair, the negociation will not long remain fecret ; nor do I believe the French defire it fhould, but mean .by their offers to blind people, both here and in Holland, and to gain, by a plaufible pretext, thofe who fear a war, rather to accept whatever conditions fhould be offered, than to come to one. And in this I am as apprehenfive for the Amfterdarners, as I am for the Houfe of Commons here. It were to be wifhed,- that fome meafures could be taken with the northern Crowns on this occafion ; but I fee little probability of it, particularly with Sweden. I intend, however, to fpeak with the Ambaffador on the fubied. We muft alfo fee what i6 to be expeded from Portugal, who is fo greatly in- terefted. It will be neceffary to haften Mr. Hop's journey to Vienna-. I. am embaraffed whom to fend thither, but were Hop there, it would be enough for the prefent. William R.. 342 STATE PAPERS, WILLIAM. i698- Kenfington, April ift-nth, 1698. *i 1- ~w - - - 1 T AST Tuefday's poft is not yet arrived ; we may probably have it to-morrow, the wind having been favourable yefterday* I find people begin here more and more to fear the death of the King of Spain, being perfuaded it will draw on a war; to which they, in that cafe, feem refolved ; but would contribute little or nothing except to the marine, and leave the war by land to the Republic and the other allies, which they would not carry through ; though, on the other hand, I fee no likelihood of bringing the Parliament to give money fufficient to keep fo confiderable a body of troops in the Spanifh Netherlands as I had the laft war : and without that I fee no poffibility of defending them. Count Tallard has had a private audience of me to-day, and made the fame propofitions Pompone and Torcy have done to the Earl of Portland, of which you are undoubtedly informed. I told him the affair was of too delicate and important a nature to be able to give any anfwer to thefe propo fitions,. or for me to make any,, as he defired, feeing that I and the Republic are In alliance with the Princes' interefted in the fueceffion j but that I was willing to enter into a difcuffion with him, on the fub jed, without engaging for any thing. We had therefore a very long converfation on this important matter, and much reafoning on both fides ; and I gave to underftand, that I forefaw no accommo dation, unlefs at leaft all the Spanifh poffeffions in Italy fhould be ceded to the Emperor, and the Spanifh Netherlands to the Eledor of Bavaria, not in the Condition they no«v are, but a ftronger and greater barrier, which might be difeuffed hereafter; for us, fome ports in the Mediterranean, and in the Weft Indies, for the fecurity Of our commerce, and a regulation for the commerce of both na tions. This is in brief what paffed in the Converfation, of which he will not fail to make a report ; and I have no doubt but he will fpeak to me farther. I have acquainted the Earl of Portland with 3 it. STATE PAPERS. 343 it. I think I have not enlarged too much on it, and I have cer-* WjixiAM. tainly engaged for nothing. < — -v — r> William R. Newmarket, April 6-i6th, .1698. J CAME here laft Monday evening to divert myfelf for ten or twelve days. I received your letter of the 8th .before I left Ken- fington, and to-day that of the 1 1 th inftant. You will have feen, by my preceding letter what I fhall be able to do, in cafe of the fudden death of the King of Spain, to which I know nothing to add. I fee Bonrepos is for proceeding with you Jszi&jHjichfineffe, as is his way, but Tallard has fpoken much plainer to me, of which I gave you a brief account in my laft. I do not doubt but I fhall hear further from Iidm. at any return to Kenfington, and inja few days from the =£arl- of -Portland, from whom I yeforday^ received a letter dated the =gth, the -day after his return from 'paying a vifit to the Prince of ^Vaudemont, on -his *paffage through Prance; he therefore had not yet feen any. of the Minifters, but expeded to do it the next day, fotbat I diourly exped > letters from >his Excellency ; though I .am, ¦very 'Hwalch perfuaded that the French will >not explain themfelves further, or make other 'propofitions ^ian thofe they lia^e -made, and will not at all relifh the«^nverfation I'hadcwith Tallard, and confer- quently I 4odk >upon this negociation-aS'. nearly at -an ^end. As the affair now ftands, I think it lucky-^hat wehave no 'further-engage ment With the "Emperor about the fucceffion ; and that it is quef- tionable whether the .Grand Al&ancefubfifts ,or not ; for J ?am much afraid- that, ,in.c&fe -the. King. of Spain fhould now.happentordie fud denly, we- fhould ibe pbJUged to,come to ^.accommodation ;. as I do not fee how, in +the.,prefent fituation, we r fhould' foon he, able to- put ourfelves in, a eondiuon tojwithftand.the.too.great power of .France,.. I am^ 344 STATE PAPERS. WILLIAM. I am much pleafed with the meafures you think may and -ought now to be taken, and wifh they may be fet about; as on my fide 'I fhall do. But I think we fhould be very cautious about engaging Ourfelves further with the Emperor, for he is fo much interefted in this affair, that it will always depend upon us to engage our felves juft fo far as the occafion and our intereft fhall require ; and fhould we do it before-hand, by a formal convention or treaty, we fhould find our hands fo bound as to be obliged to obferve it impli citly, without any confideration to our fituation or intereft at the time. William R. ' , .Newmarket, April ijth-zjd, 1698. ACCORDING to the laft . letters I have received here from the Earl of Portland of the 17th inftant,. he had an audience of the King of France, who, being-informed of the difcourfe I- had had with Tallard, gave to underftand, that it. Would be reafonable to fa tisfy the Emperor in Italy, and to increafe the barrier in the Spanifh Netherlands. This is farther than I thought the French would have advanced at firft. The Earl of Portland was to: have an other audience the next day, and thought he fhould then be able to write more particulars, which I hourly exped. Count, Tallard is alfo come hither to-day, probably to fpeak with me, of which I will inform you by the next poft. .,,,{-,. William R, .; Since I wrote the above, Count Tallard has been with me, and after a lbng preface faid that, in confequence of what he had" writ- ten to his Court, relative to the converfation he had had with me" he had received orders to propofe two alternatives, towards a treats or alliance, to be entered into in cafe of the King of Spain's death. The STATE-PAPERS. 345 The one, that the Eledor of Bavaria's fon fhould fucceed to the WILLIAM. kingdom of Spain, with the Weft Indies and the Spanifh Nether- V — -* ', lands in their prefent condition, except the Dutchy of Luxembourg which fhould be granted to France; the Emperor fhould have the Milanefe, and' one of the Dauphin's fons the kingdom of Naples and Sicily, and the iflands. The other, Spain and the Weft Indies to one of the Dauphin's fons; the kingdom of Naples, Scilly and the iflands to the Emperor ; the Milanefe to the Duke of Savoy, and the Spanifh Netherlands, in their prefent condition, to the Eledor of Bavarians fon ; and with this alternative we might exped fome ports in the Mediterranean fea, and alfo fome iflands in the Weft Indies* hut nothing upon the continent ; faying, this by way of difcourfe; and that we muft not exped France would ever confent to any aug mentation ofthe harrier in the Spanifh Netherlands. To all this I anfwered, that as it was an affair of great importance and delicacy, hev muft not. think it flrange that I was not prepared to give him an -anfwer; which, he faid, he could 'very well conceive, and did not fexped any. I infinuatedj but by way of difcourfe only, how necef fary it was for our fecurity that the barrier in the Spanifh Nether lands fhould be augmented, but I was not able to make any farther progrefs. I alfo laughed with* him at theidea of giving the Mi lanefe to the Duke of Savoy. I think that, if this alternative Is accepted, the French will not remain firm to it. I confefs I had no idea they would have advanced fo far, nor have offered fo much in thefe times. You will be fo good as caft- your thoughts upon tliis important negociation ; and, as foon as you can, let me know your fentiments how I fhould ad further. I have no doubt but the fame" propofals have been made to the' Earl of Portland, but they wilf probably have given time to Count Tallard to communi cate them to me firft; I therefore exped letters from the Earl of Portland every hour. Vol. II. Y y S4o STATE PAPERS. WILLIAM'. 1 3/ , N.ewjnarfeer, April i s-ajth^ 1698. T> Y the faft poft I wrote you what hadjbaffed between Count Tal lard and me. I have fince received letters from the Earl of Portland of the 20th, together with, this memorial, containing the two alternatives, which the King of France read over in his cabinet, and. Safterwards being read by Meffieurs Pompone and Torcy, Was copied Word for word. You will fee it to be the very fame Count Tallard, had faid to me, as the King of France told the Earl of Portland he had been ordered to do. I fhall exped your fentiments* with great impatience, how I ought to proceed, and what anfwer to give. I think much time ought not to be loft: in this negociation; for we ihould be greatly embarraffed, in cafe the King of Spain fbookf die fuddenly. It is certain that the Emperofwis not to be moved by per- fuafion to accept either of thefe alternatives, fo that he muft be com pelled. That which conftitutes a French Prince. Kirig of Spain, « certainly the moft advantageous to Mm 5 and I fhould think- France would agree to his having alfo the Millahefe, inftead of the Duke of Savoy. But the other, of acquiring the Milanefe alone, Out of all the Spanifh fucceffion, will hardly be' accepted. In my opinion^ the alternative in favour of the Prince of Bavaria, is the beft adapted to the general intereft of Europe j but the Geffion ofthe Dutchy of Luxembourg is extremely prejudicial to om fecurity y and France has chiefly introduced it into this alternative, I thiftkj to in cline us to the other ; in which I believe alfo we fhotild find oujr account in the article of commerce. For, when I told Tallard we muft have fome ports in the Mediterranean, and named Port Mahonv Oran and Ceuta ; he faid, he had no particular orders to propofe any but thought expedients might be found, as alfo in the Weft Indies to give us fome port in the iflands, but not upon the continent, for in that cafe we fhould at once become matters of that- com-me*ee. And though he faid there was no probability whatever of extending and augmenting S t A T E ^ P A P E R S. 347 augmenting the barrier in the Spanifh Netherlands, yet. I fhould ^SJM# ftill hope fomething might be ftipulated about it, in cafe the alter'na- v>- tive which, gives Spain to' the Dauphin's fon be accepted. I con- fefs, that, every thing confidered, it is very queftionable which alter native to chufe, and to negociate further thereon ; but this is beyond a doubt,, that when thefe, offers of France are 'public in England and Holland, it will be difficult to get them to confent t© a war, in cafe the Ring- of Spain fhould' happen to die now; fo that meafures muft be taken in . confequence. As for the Eledor of Bavaria,. I think he may be brought to any thing,' notwithftanding the one •alternative is fo much more advantageous for Mm : and- his fon, thaa the other. William R. Kenfington, April jg-zqth, 169&. T SHALL fay nothing to you at prefent about the great affair of the S^panifh fuCceffion, as I wait with impatience for your an fwer to my letters from Newmarket ; by which I. informed you of the propofals Count Tallard made me, as was alfo done to. the Earl -of Portland in France. I have learnt nothing more oh this fubjed fince nor received' any further letters from France. I muft, how ever, juft fay, that you muft not exped I can agree to any other meafures, jar contribute any thing beyond what I mentioned in my laft. For agreeably to this conftitution, it is impoffible to get the Parliament to* confent to grant any money on an uncertainty, or for a future time; fo that I can do nothing relative to that ; and God knows whether I fhall not be obliged to reduce more troops, con formably to the firft idea of Parliament. Should this great negoeir Yy 2 atioa 548 STATE PAPERS. william. ation go forward, I think Mr. Hop's inftrudions muft be upon quite t— -m— — ' ' another footing than at firft. : ' ! ' ' Tir., , , * w 15 :>1. William R. ,? :Wngton,^«d''.698: T AST Tuefday V letters from Holland are not yet arrived. I exped them with great impatience,^ and hope to receive your. anfwers to my letters from- Newmarket, concerning the great affain of the, Spanifh fucceffion, about which I have learnt nothing fur ther ; probably they wait in France for my anfwer.. Since the news came that the King of Spain is better, people here begin to lay afide their fears again, and think there is nothing more to be apprehended. It is inconceivable the humour of jthjs .jjatign*. and. how little, certain; meafures can be taken with them.. William R^ YESTERDAY, and the day before, I received your letters of" April 39th, and May 2d, I think you reafon very, well about the great and delicate negociation of the Spanifh fucceffion. I intend to fpeak to Count Tallard about it to-morrow ox after-to-morrow, in -conformity to your fentiments-; and I hope toreceive. letters from the Earl of Portland in the interim. I really think. France will not be fo bent upon the form, but will not recede from infilling on our? engaging ourfelves pofitively with them ; which appears to be very natural; for without that, they cannot engage themfelves with, us. It will be a very difficult and delicate bufinefs.how to. communicate this negociation to the Emperor, as it is known beforehand', that he r S*TATE PAPERS. 349 lie will never accede to it, nor accept either ofthe alternatives, par- William. r -,•:,'.•..'.¦ ¦•, , 1098. ticulariy the ohe ; and moreover, he will pretend we are already en- ' ¦ v *¦¦. gag^d to him. So that if merits reflexion whether one ought not to* be almoff agreed with France about the conditions, before it be com municated to the Emperor; as I do not know why it fhould be done fooner, being affured the Emperor will not accede, however it. may be. And 'befides, itmay be that France would agree to give us- better conditions before, than after it is communicated to the Em peror; for, in the 'latter cafe it may be, that they will make it & point of honour not to give way in any thing, as you know they have done upon all occafions. It is certain,' that whatever methodi We; adopt in this bufinefs, we fliall exafperate the Emperor to the. utmoft; and1 muft look upon him in future aa an enemy, if we- make any agreement or convention with France whatever, about the Spanifh fucceffion. With refped to 'the conditions thereof, I am« fully perfuaded France covets that alternative,, by which a- fon of f he- Dauphin is to have Spain and the Weft Indies, and will lean to wards that, when we get farther into the negociation, and endea vour to -make the other inadmiffible, though it is* certainly the moft advantageous for the tranquillity of Europe; ' It will be neceffary that you fhould inform yourfelf underhand, of the Importance of the commerce of the Republic, as. well in the Mediterranean as in. the Weft Indies; I fhall do the fame here; but I do not intend to; communicate this negociation to any one till the Earl of Portland's return ; and then perhaps only after the breaking up of the Parlia ment. ;'My Ambaffador Williamfon,. will receive orders by this pofl to conclude with Lelienroth, in concert with you, conformably to» what you tranfmitted to me. .'¦ I find Count Bonde has fome .know ledge of it, and is difcontented^- that this negociation does not pafa- through, his hands here. William. R» 3So $ T A T E ' If A VE $3. - ¦ ¦ ^ ' -* Windfor, M%y gth, _ April 29th,. }6<$». ^ESTERD.AY, before I left Kenfington, I had a, long con verfation with Gpnnt Tallard-; in, which- Lfold hiiii,,, I had mar surely confidered. the propofals he had made me; and,.. onaccPunt; of the. great defire I had to fee the peace of Eurqpe preferved, with- . -out affuming to myfelf to judge of another's right, L thought there- were- materials in the faid propofals tp negociate upon ; but that I -was greatly embarraffed as to the form. For I did not think it decent •to. do it without a previous communication to. th& F^mpgror, having :been his; ally fo long. rAnd I afked him, Whether he had; any orr ders about that, or, if he knew his Mafter's intentipns ? He faid, he- " /did not, hut would write about, it .v that, forr his part, he did not fee to what purpofe a previous communication! fhould bermade, beings ^weM.affuredit would, not be accepted, but would difguft that Court. ."" ' . I replied, It was to be done, however, ope time or, other.. He thought it would ! be beft. when we Were agreed about the conditions, -ortokeep.it fecret till the cafe happened, which I think, is Impof- fible. Reafbnuag further on the fubjed, I. .&kL I. .thought the alter native of the eledoral Prince of (Bavaria's having Spain, the Weft ^ Indie-s, and the Netherlands, would beft fuit us, but that we fhould . *iever confent to difmembering the Dutchy of Luxembourg from it, hut that it -fhould remain for a barrier as at prefent {to which be faid little) but that, as the Emperor was only to shave the Mila- * siefe by this alternative, I thought this portion top fmallj and that fomething more muft be .added. He faidj he did not fee it was. With refped to the .other alternative, in cafe it took place, I men tioned our having fome places of fecurity in the- Mediterranean and, the Weft Indies, and the barrier in; the- Spanifh Netherlands aug mented and made better, becaufe nothing could, in this^cafe come from Spain for the defence of that country ; and that the Milanefe Should go to the Emperor, and not to the Duke of Savoy. He did i*• pot £ \ A -T E " P A P E R fe. 3 jji toot enter- into mueh debate, faying he did not know which of williaMo thefe alternatives it was the King his Mafter's intention to prefer, « „ — ^ but in the Wary il'Mad-flated it, the firft was ;certainly more prefer able; Tsafchteby, that (Spain fhould go to the houfe of Bavaria. In the whole of ihis difcourfe he mewed great eagernef6 to bring this negociation ;tO an end; -^nd concluded with faying, he would acquaint his.Masfter by a courier of what had paffed, and would com municate to me his anfwer. I told him, I had hitherto communicated this affair to you only:- T4wrej to-my-great-affomfhmenf, received no letters from the Earl of Portland fince April 25th ; and laft Tues day's, letters from Holland are, not yet arrived. .,-.,.. '-]- '-'.v.. i.:-.. .(ij, , ';.;tj" "> ¦ •.'! v > .¦ ... ¦ s William R; Windfor,. May 3d-i3th, 169?, T> Y. laft Tueiuay's port, I Wrote you the converfation I had had with Count Tallard. I have fince received your letters of the 6th and 9th inftant. I do not differ much from your fentiments about that ^important bufinefs. It will be very difficult to manage this negociation like the fecret one at the making of the peace, as I can fcarce believe thafFrance will agree to that. We fhall foon fee, when Count Tallard receives an anfwer. I was wifhing you would draw up a fketch of a convention, in form of articles, in cafe we fhould come to an ..agreement with Prance about that great work;' and though it feems tomewhat premature, yet there "is no harm in it, and it might probably give one fome eclaircijfement. I will fend full .powers to my Ambaffador Willfamfon; in the mean time, however^ he may conclude and fi^n the convention with Lelienroth; and though in itfelf it is not much, yet I think it is no bad ftep to treat with Sweden. I : think i he 'Republic fhould not lie fooeomplaifanrto : France* on?f;he though the exprefs which fet out after it, is ; and I do not know by what accident. William R. In cafe Mr. Dykvelt, has not already communicated the fecret article to the Eledor of Bavaria, I think he ought not to do it, till I fee further how France takes this fad accident. Kenfington, February 3.13th, 1699.I "\/OUR letter of the 6th, together with Mr. Dykvelt's, came to hand by the ordinary poft, on Tuefday laft, after I had wrote to you. Count Tallard has been with me and the Earl of Portland, to-day - and fays, he has received an exprefs from his court with the fame news, and affures us, they are in the fame difpofition as when the treaty was made ; but feems to infinuate, that the fecret article ceafes, which in my opinion is the cafe, having read it over with attention ; fo that new engagements muft be entered upon, in which. I forefee no fmall difficulty, and relative to which, I: would willing ly learn your fentiments. William R. Kenfington, February 7- 17th, 1699.. CINCE my laft, I have received your letter of the ioth inftant. I am In daily expedation of an anfwer from the Earl of Jerfey, from France, touching the reprefentation he will have made by my order, on the occafion of the deceafe of the Eledoral Prince of Ba- 3 varia. 366 STATE PAPER S. w^AM. varia. I informed you in my laft, of the, difcourfe Count Tallard held to me, which he has fince continued with the Secretary Of State, infittuating that the fecf-et article determines ; fo that neW meafures and engagements muft be taken, of which one fhall -be better able to judge* when an anfwer comes from France. William R. Kenfrngtc*nj -February 10 -aoth, 1699. HAVE this day received together your letters of the 13th and 17th inftant. I fhall not have time at prefent to anfwer them at large : the Earl of Portland will inform you of the new propofals Count Tallard has made me this day. It furprifes me not a little, that France fhould confent that a fon of the Emperor fhould be King of Spain, which, before the treaty was made, they protefted fo ftrongly they would never agree too, asyou know ; but it feems as if the defire to have Milan or Lorraine, without a war, induced them to it. It were to be wifhed, that thisvgreat work were again brought to a regular negociation, agreeably to your fentiments ; but I forefee that France will prefs me much for a pofitive anfwer, which will embarrafs me not a little. For I think the new propofals are not to be flighted, and it will neverthelefs be very difficult for us to enter into new engagements, without the previous approbation or knowledge of the Emperot; concerning which I fhould be glad to receive your opinion, as well on the mode of negociating, as on the rkopofals. William R. STATEPAPERS. 367 WILLIAM. Kenfington, February 17.27th, 1699. '699. HAVE this day received your's of the 20th inftant. The Earl of Portland will fend you an alternative, which Count Tal lard has propofed to me, touching the Spanifh fucceffion, in favour ofthe Duke of Savoy ; which is, in his opinion, worfe than that in favour of the Arch-Duke. You will perceive in both thefe alterna tives, that France is fpeculating chiefly haw to get Lorraine. I can find no reafon why France fhould be advantaged by the death of the Eledoral Prince of Bavaria. I find it very difficult for us how to negociate this great bufinefs. If we go upon the propofal in favour of Savoy, it is impoffi&le to negociate any thing at Vienna ; but if we go upon that in favour of the Arch-Dyke, the negocia tion might be entered on there immediately ; but Tallard gives fuffi ciently to underftand, that he is for having the affair arranged with me firft, which embarraffes me not. a little. I long to receive your opinion hereon. William R* Kenfington, *£%$*"> l6» T AST Saturday I received your's of February the 24th. I ap- . prove at once your reafoning upon the condud to be held in regard to what France has now propofed ; and you will have learnt, that I have fpoken with Count Tallard pretty nearly in conformity to this ; but I fhall be preffed to declare myfelf further, as I wrote you in. my laft ; and it is certain France will not fuffer us to nego ciate at Vienna, till we have agreed with her about the conditions ; q.$d I fear they will relax very little in the pjropoials they have now made us ; and we {hall be not a little embarraffed what party to chufe. I intend to fend the Earl of Portland to-morrow to Count 4 Tallard, 368 STATE PAPERS. WILLIAM. Tallard, to fpeak to him again upon this matter, of which I will *— v — * acquaint jou by the next poft. William R. HERE are no Dutch letters arrived fince my laft. The Earl of Portland will give you an account, by this poft, of what he has faid to Count Tallard from me. I think the whole of the bufinefs is to endeavour to make France comprehend that they ought not to receive any advantage by the death ofthe Eledoral Prince of Bavaria; for the negociation will go on heavily, fo long as they pretend an augmentation of their portion. And', indeed, it is evident, their only objed now is to get.Lorraine, by one means or other; and I fear much that they will not give way, particularly when I confider their former condud,- and that the King of France himfelf faid to Lord Jerfey, " ^uil falloit fe contenter aujft;" which is a fign they will perfift in their firft propofal, as they are ufed to give way in nothing, when they have once made a propofal ; but afterwards rather fpoil than mend the matter, though they appear to be making new, ones- fo that we muft think upon new expedients for propofing fome equi valent, in cafe they let the negociation go forward. William R. k-.,., «„,..„.. February 28th, , . Kenfington, March ^ l6g9, YESTERDAY I received together your letters of February 27th, and March 3d. I approve at once your arguments re- fpeding the negociation with France ; in which nothing further is now to be done, till Count Tallard has received an anfwer from his Court. William R. STATE PAPERS. 369 WILLIAM. Kenfington, March 7.17th, 1699, t l6o9- "YESTERDAY I received together your letters of the 6th, 10th, and 13th inftant. I do not yet know that Count Tallard has received letters from France, touching what the Earl of Port land faid to him in my name; fo that I have nothing farther to write to you at prefent ; hut I approve very much your way of reafoning, William R. Kenfington, March ic-20th, 1699. T HAVE this day received your's of the 17 th. The Earl of Port land will inform you of what has paffed between him and Count Tallard. I am entirely of your opinion, that Mr. Hop fhould begin to fpeak upon the footing you mention, which would give a begin ning to the negociation, and would put it in our power to proceed as far with it as we fhould think proper; and would hinder France' probably from getting beforehand with us, and making us take wrong meafures at the Court of Vienna. I defire therefore you will write immediately to Mr. Hop upon this footing. We will in the mean time go on here with Tallard, and advance the bufinefs as much as poffible. William R. Kenfington, March 14.24th, 1699, "\7ESTERDAY I received your's of the soth inftant. The Earl of Portland will inform you cireumftantially of what has further paffed between Count Tallard and him ; by which you will fee, it appears to be the ultimatum of France in the above partition, to have Navarre or Lorraine for the Dauphin; fo that I think we muft foon determine whether we will treat upon this footing, and afterwards begin the negociation at Vienna. For I do not believe » Vol. II. $B that S7o STATE PAPERS. WILLIAM, that France is to be brought any further at this jundure, and it is a <*— * v* — ' difficult deliberation what to do next. I fhould be glad to have your fentiments thereon, immediately. : William R„ : Kenfington, March 2 1 -3 ift, \tyg. 'VT'ESTERDAY I received yours of the 24th inftant. I refer you to what the Earl of Portland will write you concerning what has been further brought before him by Count Tallard. The whole turns upon what I wrote in my former letter, that, unlefs the exchange of the Milanefe for Lorraine is granted Frahce, nothin|g will come of this negociation 5 fo that 1 am not a little embarraffed, confidering the difficulties on all fides, and the bad fitiiation of af fairs here, which I muft neceffarily attend to. William R. Kenfington, April 4-14131, 16991 r|HE Earl of Portland will acquaint you with the anfwer Count Tallard has received from France, relative to thofe points deli vered to him in my name. He has afked an audience of me (which I cannot grant him before Monday) to repeat to me what he told the Earl of Portland this morning; and, as he refufes all thofe points, and I am refolved to perfift in them, I do not know what will come of this negociation, though I can hardly believe that France will now break it off. The two effential points are Final, and affenting to the Archduke's going to Spain. One would hardly fuppofe that they would remain firm with regard to the firft; but I greatly doubt whe-' ther they will confent to the laft, for they can allege many reafbds which appear very plaufible. 2 William R- STATE PAPERS. 37* Windfor, May mh-22d, 1699. WILLIAM. 1699. T HAD not time to anfwer your letters the 12th and 15th inftant laft poft; and to-day I have received that of the 19th. , I fhall refer you to what the Earl of Portland fhall write you concerning the negociation with Tallard. I think Mr. Hop fhould be ordered to open the negociation at Vienna, by fhewing that it will be impof- fible, in cafe the King of Spain fhould die, to prevent France from putting herfelf in poffeffion of that entire monarchy ; and confe quently that it is the intereft of all Europe, of us particularly, to prevent a war; the only means of which is, to accede to a parti tion of the Spanifh fucceffion. The negociation fhould be opened upon this ground, and you will be beft able to judge how to inftrud Mr. Hop. William R, Kenfington, May i6-26th, 1699. "V7ESTERDAY I received your letter of the 22d, and thereby learnt what has paffed at Vienna, in conference with Mr. Hop. It appears that the Miniftry there fpeak quite at their eafe, and would have us make war for them, in cafe of the King of Spair/s death. In my opinion, it will be neceffary for Mr. Hop to open himfelf a little further, and begin to mention a partition, with the leafons that render it neceffary ; for, in all appearance, the negoti ation here with Tallard will foon be at an end. I alfo intend to fpeak to Count Averfberg in the fame flyle, in order to advance the work as much as poffible; for the term, of three months and a half will be' very fhort for fettling every thing. William R. 3B 1 372 STATE PAP E R S. WILLIAM. Kenfington, May 19.29th, 1699, . ' 99' . HP H 0 U G H the wind has been conftantly eaft, yet the Dutch letters of Tuefday laft are not yet arrived ; perhaps, all the packet boats are on this fide. I have fpoken with Count Averfberg this morning, and told him I was inclined to take meafures with the Emperor for preventing a war in cafe of the King of Spain's death ; and fhewed him at large the impoffibility there was of carrying it on at prefent againft France with any hopes of fuccefs, and that I did not know any better means to propofe for preventing a French Prince's fucceeding to the Crown of Spain, than to endeavour to come to an agreement with France herfelf about the fucceffion; and for this end it was neceffary to treat with Mr. Hop at Vienna upon it. He undertook to write about it, and appeared to approve the affair. During our difcourfe, he faid, he believed the Emperor would agree to a partition, but that we were as much interefted a& them, in France's not becoming too powerful, particularly in Italy,, as it would affed us more with regard to our commerce. You wiH make ufe of this converfation for Mr. Hop's information, that he may take his meafures accordingly, and you will inftrud him fur-. ther, as you may judge neceffary, for the advancement of this ne*- gociation. William R. Kenfington, f^f l6gg. T RECEIVED your's of May 26th, after the departure of my laft ; and to-day your's of the 29th. I am forry the contrary winds hindered the Englifh letters from getting over. I hope you have now received them, and feen what I thought neceffary to be written to Mr. Hop, and what I faid to Count Averfberg, to which I have nothing to add at prefent. The Earl of Fortland will inform you how the negociation with Tallard ftands. YPur fentiments upon the. extending of the convention are expeded with impatience. I could STATE PAPERS. 37S could wifh that Mr. Witfe could go through with the affair of the William. Mariniers. I have fixed my departure from hence for Friday fe'en- night, and I pray God may grant me a favourable paffage. William R- D'ieren, June 28th, 1699. YESTERDAY I received the annexed letter from the Earl of Portland, which is in fubftance . the fame he wrote you. The exchange ofthe convention with France might be made by him and Count Tallard at the Hague, or by you in his abfence ; and Hen- ning fhall fend you the inftrument for that purpofe. I could wifh Count Tallard came here as little as poffible, not to give any um brage ; and I defire you to fay fo from me. I think the French are in the right not to make any propofals about Lorraine, till the negociation with the Emperor is farther advancedr which you may tell both to Bonrepos and Tallard. William R. Loo, July 6:h, 1699.. T AM glad Mr. Hop has begun the negociation at Vienna^ and that it does not appear to have made any bad impreffion at firft- The time is certainly fhort for expediting this great work; and; therefore- France fhould have made no difficulties to prolong the time, which cannot prejudice them.. William R.. Loo, July 4- [4th, 1699. T D O not anfwer your letters regularly, but only as I think they require it, which I hope you will not think flrange. Your laft, is of the 1 ith inftant. You have done very well to write to Hop to> complain of the delays at Vienna. I only fear left they fhould 4 occafion. 374 STATE P APE RS. William, occafion the eoncluding of this great, work without them ; n6t from * *— — ' the difficulty of -the work, nor becaufe they will not accept the con ditions, but merely becaufe the Miniftry there cannot come to any conclufive refolution. Yefterday I received another exprefs from the Eledor of Bavaria, who is greatly alarmed at the fituation of affairs at Madrid, and that the Miniftry pufh him fo hard, and are for taking the government of the Spanifh Netherlands from him, as you will alfp fee by the annexed letter from Schonenberg, which came by the fame expref§, We muft now confider whether or not to fupport. him in the government, and in what manner. William B. Dieren, July 7.17th, 1699. TjY my laft you have feen my anxiety for the delays at the Court of Vienna, in which I am confirmed by your's of May 14th; and I think you have written very properly to Hop, and I alfo am pleafed with the anfwer you have given to Bonrepos.. I think his objed was only curiofity, or to begin the negociation at the Hague, which he ardently wifhes for. William R. Die*en^ July 8-1 8th, t'699.. '""THIS morning I received'your letter of yefterday ; and having examined Mr. Hop's letter to you, with your anfwer, and alfo what you farther propofe writing to him, I approve it entirely ; and alfo that you fhould fpeak to Bonrepos on that footing next Mon day ; and if Tallard comes to me at Loo to-morrow, which I hear ,. he will, I fhall talk to him in the fame ftyle. Theje is only one point, on which I know not whether France has declared herfelf pp- fitively, Whether her fhare-of the Spanifh fucceffion is to go to the Dauphin, S T A T E P A P E R S. 375 Dauphin, or one of his fons ? though I doubt not but it is for the william. l6QQr* -Dauphin, in order to annex it to the Crown of France. I begin now to have better hopes of the negociation ; but I am always- apprehenfive of the irrefolution of the Court of Vienna. William R. Loo, July 14.24th, 1699. T HAVE not yet anfwered your letters ofthe i8th, 21'ft, and 22d inftant, which I duly received. Count Averfberg was with me yefterday, and faid in fubftance the very fame Count Goes and he had faid to you. I anfwered in general terms, that I was glad to find the Emperor inclined to come to an accommodation, which I .looked. upon as very neceffary at prefent, confidering the fituation pf affairs, and the very dangerous ftate of the King of Spain's health ; that I would willingly learn what would content France in the fucceffion, and give Mr. Hop information of every thing. I thought it better to. enter into no farther particulars with him, having: learned from experience, that his relation of affairs is not al ways very exad, I advifed him earneftly to infift on fpeedy refolu tions at his court ; for that their ordinary delays would be infup- pprtable on the prefent occafion. I did not think proper to fpeak about the place of the negociation, for had I mentioned the Hague, it would have been thought I pro pofed it ; and Cbuht Tallard, who was here, having told me he had pofitive'orders to declare that France would not negociate at Vienna, but at the Flague, I think you had beft fay fo to Averfberg and Go«§. I did tell the former, that as the affair was fo prefling, he fhould write to his Court to fend him and Goes full power to treat. For my part, it is indifferent which is the place, though the Hague would be the moft convenient. The idea, however, ftrikes me,. whether it might not go on quicker at Vienna, as the Miniftry there, 37^ STATE PAPERS. william. being abfe to fpeak to the Emperor every day, might determine *— -v — r- ' much fooner, than by fending orders to their Minifters at the Hague ; but, however, if France will not have it otherwife, it muft be fo. - lliam R. Loo, July 17^27^, 1699. . yESTERDAYI received your letter of the 23th. I am of opinion with you that we muft wait for the Court of Vienna's anfwer to Hop's propofal, before we fpeak of the place of negocia- ' tion. In the mean while, it is neceffary you fhould prefs Counts Averfberg and Goes to procure fpeedy refolutions from their Court, and full powers to treat. Ihave fpoken to Count Averfberg upon it. Count Tallard was with me yefterday, but fpoke of no foufinefs, which I wonder at. He went away in the evening, faying, he ex peded a courier, and would then come again. As he did not defire to fpeak to me, I thought I ought not to enter into converfation .with him, having nothing particular to fay. William R. I ioo, Auguft 1 6th, 1699. HAVE this day received your letter of yefterday.? The orders which Goes and Averfberg have received, appear to me to be a mere trick to lofe time; thinking, at the fame time, that England and Holland are mpft inclined for the Indies, on account of their commerce, and that they will therefore give more attention to them than to Italy. I do not know of any thing to add to what you have anfwered, and what you intend to write to Hop to-morrow. This confirms me more and more in my opinion, that the Miniftry at Vienna are for being forced ; which to me is an .irreprehenfible po licy, and will embarrafs us much. William. R, STATE PAPERS. 377 WILLIAM. Dieren, Auguft 21ft, 1699. , l69?' T T grieves me to fee the difpofition of the Court of Vienna ; that there is fo little hope to fee the great work of the Spanifh fucceffion terminated by an agreement between the Emperor and France, and that we fhall be forced to enter into feparate engage ments with France, which I would fo willingly have avoided, know ing what bad confequence it will be of to us. I am therefore ftill of opinion, that all imaginable means muft be ufed to endeavour to ob tain from France a prolongation of the term for treating with her. William R. Loo, September 15th, 1699. T AST night I received yours of the 13th, and learn by it the an fwer which the exprefs from Vienna has brought, which, though far from the ultimatum of France, yet I did not think the Imperia- lifts would have advanced fo far at firft. I think the French Ambaf fadors are greatly in the wrong to prefs the time fo much for con cluding the treaty, for a little delay cannot be of any prejudice to France, and the negociation they pretend the Emperor has under hand, can certainly make little change in the great work. But that is not the objed ; what France aims at is, to make them conclude a feparate treaty with her, which fhe would prefer to a voluntary one ; for by forcing them, all the blame of the affair would refult to us, and the benefit to her. I do not exped much by the exprefs which Hop is to fend. In my opinion it is not our hufinefs to require to conclude with France, till we fend one more courier to Vienna, to inform them that, unlefs they accept thofe conditions, we fhall be obliged to come to an agreementjwith France, about the Spanifh fuc ceffion, without them. And, in all probability, feveral days will pafs before the courier reaches Hop, and alfo feveral others before he is Vol. II. 3 C redifpatched, 378 . STATE PAPERS. WILLIAM, redifpatched, and the 25th of this month will be elapfed long before 1699. _ . , » the anfwer can arrive here. William R. Loo, September 19th, 1699. T HAVE received your difpatch of yefterday. I confefs I find myfelf embarraffed what anfwer to give, touching the memorial Count Tallard gave the Earl of Portland, which has been delivered to the Marquis D'Harcourt at Madrid. It is in fubftance what Quiros has faid to you and the Earl of Portland. My embarraffment is, that I cannot hinder France from making the negociation public, though I do not approve the anfwer France intends to give Spain ; and fhould I approve it, then the treaty muft go forward imme diately, or very foon at leaft j which you know I would willingly have avoided. At prefent I fee no other way than to anfwer as you. have propofed, when the courier arrives that is expeded from Vienna, and if he brings nothing particular. But the expreffions in France's anfwer to Spain muft be changed abfolutely, that it may ¦not appear to be a treaty already concluded, which in truth it is not, for the Republic has not yet deliberated upon it. I think if I can bring this anfwer to be confented to, France will have lefs reafon to prefs me to conclude the treaty; but it is certain, that the Republic muft take it immediately into confideration. I am entirely of your opinion, that this intended anfwer of France is only, by making the negociation public, to prefs us fo nujch the more to a conclufion without the Emperor's intervention ; and that France's prefent ob- jed, according to my judgment, is to feparate us by that means from that party ; which is very wrong, but we cannot help ourfelves at prefent. William R. Y STATE PAPERS. 379 Loo, September i2th-2zd, 1699. WILLIAM. ESTERDAY I received your letter of the 20th, and fhall . l6?9' . long to fee what the courier will bring from Vienna. I think by what Mr. Hop writes, that the Imperiallfts will come very near the mark ; but the chief obftacle will be the Milanefe. William R. Dieren, ' September 26th, 1699. T HAVE two of your letters to anfwer, of the 23d and 24th in- ~ ftant. The eagernefs which Tallard fhews more than Bonrepos, to have an anfwer relative to what muft be faid to Spain, arifes, in my opinion, from felf-intereft or caprice, for they have certainly the fame orders from their Court ; for it is not the maxim of France to fend different orders to her Minifters. I hardly think you will have an anfwer from Vienna to-morrow, and therefore I hope you may ftill be able to delay giving a pofitive anfwer to the French Ambaffadors, though the impertinent memorial of the Spanifh Am baffador at London fhould make me rather haften the negociationi William R. Loo, September 29th, 1699. rT"*H E Earl of Portland will communicate to you the impertinent and feditious writing which the Spanifh Ambaffador has given out in England. I could not do lefs than order him to depart out of the kingdom in fourteen days. King Charles did the fame thing to D. Bernardo Salinas, and to Fonceca who is' ftill Hiving, only becaufe he had correfponded and had conferences with members of Parliament. This ftep will embroil me with Spain at once ; but I cannot avoid it ; and confequently I fhall have lefs fcruple to con- 3 C 2 elude u 380 STATE PAPERS. william., cluc]e the treaty with France. This evening or to-morrow I fhall —v—-' probably learn what paffed laft Sunday in yOur conference with the French Ambaffadors. William R. Since I wrote the above, I have received your two long letters of yefterday, and I thank you for the trouble. And, in order to give you a fhort anfwer, I approve entirely your ideas about fending a courier to Vienna again, with inftrudions for Mr, Hop, in the manner you propofe ; as alfo your intention of fpeaking and concert ing with the French Ambaffador about the anfwer to be given to Spain. You muft now immediately bring this whole negociation; into deliberation by the States, for it muft not be delayed any longer j, and I forefee that the treaty muff now foon be concluded. William R. 1' Dieren, Oftober 8th, 1699. T H AVE only this evening received yours of yefterday. I am • entirely of your opinion, in regard to the article of Lorraine, and that we fhould fpeak further thereupon with the French, William R. Kenfington, Oftober 20.30th, 1699. QNmy arrival at Margate, I difpatched a boat with letters to ac quaint you with my happy landing, but as the wind has blowed continually eaft, you will perhaps receive this at the fame time. I never had a more happy or commodious paffage. I have this morn ing received your letter of the 27th, and read with attention the proteft of the Imperialifts. I think I can give the paper no other name. STATE PAPERS. 381 name. I muft confefs, that it contains many reafons of weight and william. confideration ; but things appear to me to be gone too far, to admit v— „ — ~* of much reafoning upon them. It was very agreeable to me to learn what paffed between you and Bonrepos, the day after my de parture, which revives the negociation. I have thought myfelf un der a neceffity of informing my Ambaffador in France, of what paffed at the Hague, in order that he might be able to undeceive the King of France and his minifters, of the biaffed impreffion Tallard may have given them ; as if I had fhuffled in this bufinefs, and had not kept to my engagement], and to endeavour to procure orders to be fent Bonrepos, to adjuft and fettle all difficulties with the Republic. William R. Though the negociation at Vienna appears to be at an end, yet. Mr. Hop cannot be recalled at this crifis, but muft ftay there a little" while longer. It is reported that Count Averfberg has faid, he had heard Mr. Hop was recalled, and that in that cafe, he fhould be obliged to depart alfo ; and that all intercourfe and correfpondence -would be broken off. William R. v. r_ .« October 23d, , Kenfington, Novemhet\'d> 1699. "VTESTERDAY I received your letter of the 30th of Odober, and I am very forry to fee that the Burgomafters of Amfter- dam, decline the convention for the Spanifh fucceffion.. Undoubt edly, the whole magiftracy will be of the fame way of thinking, fp that Other arguments muft be tried to perfuade them to it. I think you muft bring that work before the generality in my name, in order to fee what the provinces will fay to it ; and in order to ful fil my engagements with France, that I would do my beft to bring the 382 S T ATE P A P E R S. william. the treaty to effed. I think in the mean while, you fhould give Bonrepos thofe remarks of importance which Amfterdam made upon the treaty, without however naming that town as yet ; but as re marks of fome minifters Ofthe Republic, that he may fend them to France and receive further orders thereon, which will fhew we are for lofing no time. As foon as I hear any thing from France touch ing this negociation, I will immediately inform you. William R. I v r . Oftobertift, , Kenfington, Novemb|rloth> 1699. ,, DID not write to you by the laft poft for want of matter. I have fince received your letters of the 3d. and 6th of November. You will have feen by my preceding letter,, that I think it will be neceffary for my juftification, that the great work of the negociation be brought before the generality ; but I own, conformably to your ideas, that no remarks fhould be given Bonrepos, as long as Amfter dam is againft the whole negociation, which till now I had not fo comprehended. I have letters from France, that Prior was arriv ed ; , but that my Ambaffador could not have a private audience of the King (as he was at Marli) till next Saturday or Tuefday ; fo that it will probably be the latter end of next week, before I can inform you of his return, unlefs Count Tallard fhould come here fooner. I think the affair is now in that ftate, that we muft firft know how France looks upon it, before we can judge what will be the iffue of the whole work. William R. STATE PAPERS, 383 WILLIAM. 1699. Hampton-court, November 71.7th, 1699. "\7ESTERDAY I received your lettar of the loth. It appears from Bonrepos'a language, that they are for negociating that great bufinefs here and not at the Hague, which it will be equally impoffibleto do, whilft the people of the Republic continue to have their difficulties. I hear nothing yet of Count Tailard's coming over; and have nothing further from France, nor do I exped any thing till the end of this week, as my Ambaffador will not have been able to have an audience of the King of France, till to-day ; fo that I have nothing further to write to you at prefent, upon this important matter. William R. Kenfington, November. io-2oth, 1699. HpHE day before yefterday, I received your letter of the 13th, and faw with great concern, that Amfterdam not only perfifts in not acceding to the treaty ; but alfo, that there is little hope of making her change her fentiments, which embarraffes me not a lit tle. I exped Prior from France to-morrow or the day after, and fhall find by him how the affair is taken in France ; and fhall then be in a better condition to judge what is to be done further In this important work. I imagine, that when France fees that the Re public will not enter into this faid treaty, they will he for engaging me to do it alone ; not fo much, becaufe France will think herfelf fecurer by that, but to fee if I ad in good faith ; and alfo to fepa rate me from the Republic, which is a great embarraffment to me on all fides ; and I fhall not be a little perplexed what part to take. I defire you will let me know your ideas upon this. 7 William R- 384 STATE PAPERS. WILLIAM. 1699. \— .¦„-. ~j Kenfington, November 14.24th, 1699. CINCE my laft, I have received yourVof the 17 th inftant- I am very forry that the Amfterdam gentlemen continue in the fame fentiments; and the arguments Penfionary Buis alleges to you, appear incomprehenfible to me. I doubt, however, whether Am fterdam, in cafe all the provinces confent, would remain fingle in an affair of this nature. In the mean time, if it were poffible to get the Emperor to confent, it would be a defirable circumftance ; for if the only, or the greateft difficulty confifts in the affair of the renun ciation, as Count Goes feems to have told you, fome expedient might be propofed, to wit, That, reciprocally, neither the Emperor, nor the King of France, fhould renounce for their defcendants.x Prior returned from France two days ago, and tells me, that the anfwer which [the French King gave my Ambaffador was in fub ftance. That he owned, he was furprifed the treaty was not yet figned ; that he was glad to find, I continued in the fame fenti ment of entering into the treaty ; and that he had the fame in clination, and would fend Tallard hither, as foon as might be, to perfed the work ; that he could make ufe of no other minifter in it than him, as he had always been in the fecret of the negociation; and that he did not doubt, but I had more credit in the Republic than him : feeming to infinuate, that I could dired the bufinefs there as I thought proper ; and that I alfo beft knew the form and manner. I exped Count Tallard every day, who probably will be much fur prifed and difcontented, that the Republic is not yet prepared to fign. William R. $ T A T E P A P E R S, 38.y WILLIAM. Hampton Court, November 1 7.Z7 th, 1699. t l699- T RECEIVED your's ofthe 20th, after I had written to you by the laft poft. I have for once nothing to fay to you concerning the great work of the negociation, as Count Tallard is not yet ar rived. I am entirely of your opinion, that, in the prefent ftate of the difference in Holftein, nothing elfe can be done,, to prevent a war, than that the mediators and guarantees fhould make the de claration you mention. 1 have already fent orders to Crefett, to join with the others in doing it ; but there is no time to be loft ; and I fear the Danes have already commenced hoftilities. I wifh you . could agree with Von Stocken, upon all the articles of a treaty, and referve it to the laft. William R. v j- ._ November 24th, , Kenfington, Deeember ^ ' ^99- T HAVE this da.y received your letters of the 24th and 27th of November. Count Tallard arrived here two days ago, and has had an audience of me to-day ; the fubftance of what he told me in it, is, That the King his mafter was furprifed that the treaty in quef tion, was not figned before my departure from the Hague; and that the republic fhould make difficulties about it at prefent, feeing they were fo ready to conclude a fimilar one a year ago; and, That he had power and order to fign the faid treaty even here, with whom ever the Republic fhould authorize. I anfwered, That the repub- • lie had not yet come to a refolution upon it, and that I could not deny that more difficulties were arifen than I had been able to fore- fee; that I "had done my beft fincerely, and ftill fhould do. To which he replied, that the King his mafter was perfuaded of it, and had received with pleafure the affurance I had caufed to be made thereon, by my Ambaffador in France; but that he could not enter Vol. II. 3D into 386 STATE PAPERS. WILLIAM. int0 any fjeta;i how it ftood with the republic on this matter, nor „ • — -v ' what was to be done ; but that the diredion of that muft be left- to me. That no alteration could be made in the effential points of the treaty ; but they were well inclined to make any literal corredions, or to elucidate and clear up any part that was neceffary ; but that it muft be done here, as he had orders to conclude the bufinefs here and no where elfe. And he befought me earneftly, that he might know betimes whether the Republic would accede to this alliance of not; for his King could wait no longer, and muft take other mea fures. I thereupon told him, I could give him no other anfwer, than that I did my beft to perfuade the Republic to it ; and that there were three pofts due from Holland ; for I had not then reeeiv-* ed your letters. He concluded with faying, That he hoped fhortly to have a pbfitive anfwer ; and gave fufficiently to underftand that he fhould wait no longer. I found him much out of humour during this converfation (which, was not long) worfe than when you faw him at the Hague ; repeating to me feveral times, that he had fore- feen this difficulty, which he had told you and the Earl of Portland, and he appeared to have no hopes of the whole bufinefs ; enhancing the great prejudice his King fuffered from the long lingering of this work. It was eafy to anfwer this, and fhew the contrary. He faid very pofitively, That his King would no longer remain in this ftate of uncertainty, but would know whether the Republic would enter into the' treaty or not; fo that you may eafily conceive how hard I fhall.be preffed to give a pofitive anfwer, which it is impoffi- ble for me to do yet j and it is certain, that a delay willl foon be taken for a refufal, fo that you fee I fhall be not a little embarraff ed. Hitherto Count Tallard has not let appear in all his difcourfe, whether they were inclined to propofe a feparate treaty to me. I ' fhould rather think not, as he conftantly fpoke of taking other mea fures. I am obliged, to you for communicating to me your fenti- ments thereon ; you will have feen by my latter letters, that . I defired STATE PAPERS. 387 defired it. I am perfedly of your opinion, that it is. not eligible william. for me to treat with France, diftind from the Republic. William R. 1699. Vor.- 1699. JJINCE my laft, I have received your's of the ift and 4th of De cember. I could wifh the provinces would haften their confent to the alliance, that you might be the more enabled to perfuade Amfterdam of it: It is certain their greateft difficulty arifes from Vienna, and I am as forry as they, that the Emperor is not to be perfuaded, which Hop's laft letter confirms more and more. Count Tallard has not fpoken to me on the fubjed fince, and you will eafily imagine I fhall not begin the converfation firft. William R. Kenfington, December 5- 15th, 1699. T W A S not able to write to you by the laft poft, though I had re ceived yours of the 8th, and I have fince received that of the 1 ith. I hope the remaining provinces have now confented, and confequently, Amfterdam being alone, that you will have been able to prefs them further. In cafe the province of Overyffel has not confented, I have caufed the Landdroft of Twente to be written to, to conclude with a majority. It is Mr. Van Almelo who gives us all this work, touching whofe conduct I muft hereafter find an op portunity of entertaining you. Count Tallard has not fpoken to me fince, concerning the great work; whether it is out of difcretion, or that he waits for further orders from France, or poffibly becaufe he knows what is going on in Holland, I am ignorant. It is not my intention to fpeak to him firft on the fubjed, as I have nothing pofitive to fay yet. In cafe the Republic refolves to accede to the 3 D 2 treaty, 388 S T A T E P APE R -S. '' william. treaty, you will be pleafed to turn in your mind how it can be fettled and figned here. , * William R. Kenfington, December i9-2gth, 1699. T DID not write to you by the laft poft, for want of matter, and I have fince received your letters of the 22d and 25th inftant. I am glad to find Zealand has confented, and I doubt not but Overyffel has done the fame; and that now Amfterdam ftands out alone, you will be able to prefs her further. Count Tallard was with me yef terday, and afked, whether powers were come from Holland to fign ? I anfwered, No ; that the confent to accede to the treaty was not yet general, but that I now had better hopes than before, that the Re public might be brought to it, and in a fhort time. He faid, that the King his Mafter fhould remain no longer in uncertainty ; that he , was very forry the treaty was not concluded, even for his own fake, but that he was obliged to write to his Court how this bufinefs was delayed, and did not know what orders he might receive after that ; that if I would affure him that I would give him a pofitive anfwer in a fortnight or fo, either Yes or No, he would defer writing, but not otherwife. I .anfwered, That it was impoffible to fix fo fhort a time; but that I promifed him, immediately to tell him if the Republic fhould accede to this alliance ; and ftill repeated, that I hoped to learn in a very fhort time that the Republic had refolved upon it, and I did not doubt but the treaty would be conduded. He faid, he faw little ap pearance of it, and that he had long forefeen it, and muft give ac count of it to his Court. I faid, It was his duty fo to do, but that I hoped he would relate the affair as it really Was, that there never was a greater appearance of . a fpeedy conclufion than at prefent. He was very much agitated, and took leave without faying a word more. During our difcourfe, he exclaimed much againft the pre judice his King had fuffered by this delay, which I ftrongly gainfaid, and STATE PAPERS. 389 land fhewed that France could not have fuffered any prejudice, but m\™*n' that there was not much to be faid in favour of remaining in an uncertainty much longer. So that I hope that affair will have a fpeedy iffue in Holland; and as foon as it fhall be refolved upon there, I am.of your opinion, that information of it fhould be given to Swe den, Brandenburgh, and wherever elfe you may think neceffary, in order to invite them to the guarantee of it. William R. „ r December 220*, 1699. Kenfington, ^^ lft> ^ T HAVE this day received your's of the 29th of December, and learnt with joy that Overy ffel will, in all probability, have confented the following day, and confequently that you will have been enabled to prefs the Amfterdamers to conform, and not to remain particular. You will, have feen by my laft, that France will certainly remain no longer in uncertainty, and it is much to be wifhed, that the affair could be brought to a fpeedy conclufion. The fettling of the treaty, and the form of figning it, will require much ado and time, which will drive Tallard mad; for he will not negociate in Holland, fo that you muft bethink yourfelf of fome expedients; I have nothing fur ther to add at prefent. William R. Hampton Court, January 2d-i2th, i;or^ CINCE my laft, I have received your's of the 5th inftant, and fee with pain the little probability there is of Amfterdamrs con forming to the other members of the Republic, in entering into a treaty with France about the Spanifh fucceffion ; which puts me in the utmoft perplexity what to do in this important affair, in cafe Amfterdam perfifts* It is certain, France will wait no longer, but will 39° STATE PAPERS. WIH^M* w^1 have a pofitive anfwer, Yes or No ; and I do not doubt but Count L-*'-' Tallard will come to fpeak with me next Friday, when I prcpofe going to Kenfington. I beg you will let me know your opinion what I can do in thefe difficult matters ; for there are £o many diffi culties on all fides, that I cannot fee through them. .-7*-. . ,,,¦-. William R. K«nfingtoa,. January 5th-ijtb, 1700. XJif E want two mails from Holland, which I exped hourly, as the wind has been eafterly the whole day. Count Tallard has been here to-day, but has not fpoken a word, looking much out of humour. He has feen Count Averfberg a few days paft (which he had not done before) and affeded great familiarity, by which he will probably infinuate that his Mafter will endeavour to fettle the great affair of the fucceffion with the Emperor. This I do not think improbable/; fo that Amfterdam's complaifance or deference for the Imperial Court may be of the utmoft prejudice to us. William R. ¦'¦}.*¦ :;-»-¦ Kenfington, January 6-i9th, 1700* rT H E day before yefterday I received your letters of the 8th and 1 2th inftant together, and late this evening that of the 15th. I am very glad Amfterdam has confented. It is impoffible for me to write you any thing on this fubjed to-night. I muft defer it to the next. I am alfo glad that Holland has confented to the treaty with Sweden. 3 William R. - ¦ L STATE PAPERS. 39? WILLIAM, Kenfington, January i2th-22d, 17CO. i l_J°^ T WROTE you by Tuefday 's poft, that I had juft received your letter of the 15th late in the evening, fince which no Dutch let ters are arrived. The Earl of Portland will inform you circumftan- tially by this poft, how he has adjufted all the remarks with Count Tallard. There feems nothing remaining to perfed this important work, but to find an expedient how to fign the treaty here,, on the part of the Republic, with Count Tallard and my Plenipotentiaries. Count Tallard would be very unwilling to gp to the Hague ; and I alfo think it would occafion a great eclat; for he has no pretext in the world for going thither. So that ypu ought immediately to devife in what manner it can be beft arranged. William R. Kenfington, February 2d-i2th, 1700. CINCE my laft I have received your letter of the 5th, and to day that of the 9th. The Earl of Portland will inform you by this poft, that he adjufted every thing with Count Tallard yefterday ; and that confequently the treaty will be figned in a few days. Se cretary Vernon will alfo fend you the figned treaty with Sweden. So that thefe two affairs are brought to an end. WilliAm R. Kenfingtcn^ February 6-1 6fh, 17C0. T DID think that the treaty would have been figned with Tal lard, before the departure of this poft ; but as fome difficulties have been raifed by fome of my Council, to whom I had communi cated it in great fecrecy, it muft be deferred till the next. William R. 392 STATE PAPER S. WILLIAM. 1700' Hampton Court, April ig-29th, 1700. T HAVE fpoken with Count Tallard, and agreed, that Mr. Hop, the Marquis de Villars, and my Secretary*, fhould 'immediately inform the Court of Vienna of our treaty, as you will learn more amply by the Earl of Portland, and probably by -Count Briord alfo. As for the Pope and Venice, we fhall not trouble ourfelves about them, and France alone will mention it in Spain, and we muft wait for the anfwer from Vienna, before we can communicate it to the Northern Crowns and the German Princes. I fhall not acquaint Count Averfberg of it before Sunday* fe'ennight, that our letters may firft reach Vienna ; you will write to Hop. agreeably to this*. and a poft or two after notify it to Count Goes. William R. Hampton Court, November 12th, 1700. | DID not write to you by the laft poft for want of matter. I have fince received your's of the 5th inftant; and this evening the terrible news ofthe deceafe ofthe King of Spain on the ift inftant, by a letter per exprefs from Lord Mancheftet of the 9th from Fon- tainbleau, together with a letter from Schonenburg of the ift in ftant, written a few hours after the death of the 'King of Spain, whofe will is faid to be in favour of one ofthe Dauphin's fons; and that Cardinal Portecarrero is appointed Regent of the whole mo narchy.! till the will is opened. By my account, you muft have re ceived the fame forrowful tidings about the fame time. I can now hardly have any further doubt that he will accede to the partition- treaty. The two months, ftipulated for him to declare himfelf, "is a fhort term ; there fhould therefore be no time loft in preffing the * It feems ftrange that an Englifh Minifter of rank and character, mould not have been then, at the Imperial Court. Imperial STATE PAPERS. 393 Imperial Court to accede. I believe Tallard will now be here again William. foon, and prefs me to declare myfelf about/the exchange of Savoy ' »— -— ' and Piedmont againft Naples and Sicily. According to my Ambaf fador's letters from France, Torcy has fpoken to him upon that bufinefs, and fhewed great eagernefs to enter into it; fo that we rilk nothing in not declaring ourfelves fo fpeedily ; and I do not know whether we can now do it without a previous communication to the Imperial Court. I fhall earneftly wait to have your fentiments at large on this important matter. William R. Hampton Court, November 16th, 1700. YESTERDAY I received your letters of the 9th and 12th in ftant, and nearly about the fame time an exprefs from my Ambaffador in France with the inclofed. Though*! doubt not but you will have received the fame information before this, reaches you, yet I cannot think it unneceffary to fend it to you, on account of the importance of the mattter. I fhould have done it laft night, but I believe you will receive it as early by the ordinary poft. I doubt not but this unheard-of proceeding of France will v furprife you as much as it did me. I never relied much on engagements with France; but I muft confefs, I did not think they would, on this occa- ' fion, have broken, in the face of the whole world, a folemn treaty, before it was well accomplifhed. The motives alleged in the an nexed memorial are fo fhameful, that Icannot conceive how they can have the effrontery to produce fuch a paper. We muft con fefs we are dupes, but if one's word and faith are not to be kept, it is eafy to cheat any man. The worft is, it brings us into the the greateft embarraffment, particularly when I confider the confti- tution of affairs here; for the blindnefs of the people here is incre- Vol. II. 3 E dible. 394 S T A T E P A P E R S. william.' (jii,]e# for though this affair is not public yet, it was no, fooner faid 1700. ° - • , . c . that the King of Spain's will was in favour of the Duke ot Anjou, than it was the general opinion, that it was better for England that France fhould accept the will, than fulfil the treaty of partition. I think I ought no*t to conceal this from you, in order that you may be informed of the fentiments here, which are contrary to mine. For I am perfcdly perfuaded, that if this will be executed, England and the Republic are in the utmoft danger of being totally loft or ruined.- I will hope that the Republic underftands it thus, and will exert her whole force to oppofe fo great an evil. It is the utmoft morti fication to me in this important affair, that I cannot ad with the vigour which is requifite, and fet a good example ; but the Republic muft do ivand I will engage people here, by a prudent condud, by degrees, and without their perceiving it. I have provifionally fent orders to my Ambaffador, to declare, That I hold to the treaty, and that the two months the Emperor had to declare himfelf, are ex pired. Before I could take any further determination, this occurred to me firft, in order to gain time, which we have fo much need of. I am not determined, whether it would be beft that the Empe ror fhould accede to the treaty, or declare his right to the whole fucceffion. Poffibly acceding to the treaty would be beft for Holland j but as that is not approved here, the other may perhaps be beft. You can judge better of it than I can. In cafe the Emperor will take up the matter with vigour, he can, in my opinion, do nothing elfe than make himfelf mafter of the Milanefe immediately, and endea vour to get Naples and Sicily to declare for him, and thus try to make himfelf mafter of Italy ; in which the Italian Princes may perhaps concur. What embarraffes me moft, is the Spanifh Nether lands; for it will be very difficult for the Eledor of Bavaria to pre vent their declaring in favour of, and acknowledging the Duke of Anjou, in cafe he receives orders from Spain for that purpofe, or is 9 preffed STATE-PAPERS^ 395 preffed by the French. The troops of the Republic in garrifon there, william. 1700. ought to be well upon their guard, and the Eledor can difpofe of v v~.~j them and his own troops, fo that he will have the fuperiority. The only thing I can devife, which the Eledor can make ufe of for a pretext not to declare himfelf yet, or obey, is, the term of two months which the Emperor has to chufe in ; or, that he cannot quit the government till his debt is paid. I am refolved to fend fome one from hence to Bruffels to fpeak with the Eledor, and to keep a watchful eye. Thefe are my firft and general ideas, which I have thought pro per to communicate to you in this weighty and difficult conjundure, and fhall eagerly exped your better fentiments upon the whole of this bufinefs, which I pray God to dired for our good, and to rid us from thefe great difficulties. I confefs I think vigour is neceffary on this occafion, and hope it is to be found in the Republic, in cafe the Emperor will maintain his right. If I followed my own incli nation and opinion, I fhould have fent to all Courts, to incite them to vigour ; but it is not becoming, as I cannot fet a good example, and I fear doing more harm than good, not being able to play any other game with thefe people, than engaging them imper ceptibly. William R. Hampton C6ufr, November C-igth, 1700. T RECEIVED your letters ofthe 13 th and 15th inftant by exprefs, the day after the departure of my laft, and find you did -not then know that France had renounced the treaty of partition. It feems to me, that Count Briord muft have heen informed of it, from the coolnefs which he fhewed about the execution of it. I wrote to you my firft ideas upon this important and embarraffing incident, 3^2 *. bT 396 ST A TE P APE R S; WILLIAM. 1700. by the laft poft; by the next, I may probably be informed of your fentiments, which I long much to have. It grieves me to the foul to find that, now the affair grows public, almoft every one rejoices that France has preferred the will to the treaty ; infrftingj that it is more advantageous for England and all Europe; merely upon the fuppofition that the Duke of Anjou being a child, and -to be brought up in Spain, will imbibe Spanifh- maxims, and be governed by the Spanifh Council, without any relation to France. Thefe are fuppo* fitions, which, in my opinion, cannot take place ; and I fear we fhall feel the contrary too foon. It is certain, if the Emperor fob- mits to the will, we can do nothing againft it; fo that we muft know what the Emperor does, before we can take a pofitive refo lution. I think now, I can fend nobody extraordinary thither, in the prefent circumftances, till I know how the affair will be taken up:, particularly when I confider the prefent fentiments of people here, which may probably change; for there is nothing certain here, nor of long duration. I fear the ufual tardinefs of the Court of Vienna will not let them come to a fpeedy refolution, which is fo neceffary in this conjundure. My chief anxiety is to prevent the Spanifh Netherlands from falling into the hands pf France. You will eafily conceive how this bufinefs goes to my heart ; for I fhall be, blamed for having relied on engagements with France, having had fo much. experience that they are never bound to any treaty. I wifh I may be quit for the blame, but I have too much reafon to fear I fhall too- foon feel th6 bad effeds of it. William R. SPTA^TE PAPERS, 397 Hampton Court, November 23; 1700. W1^^M* T'N C E my laft, I have received your's of the 16th inftant. It' ** feems to .me incomprehenfible that Count Briord fhould have feigned fo with you, as if they ftill intended to' execute the treaty in France; for ie is impoffible but he muft have known the refdlution taken there to accept the will, of which I acquainted you by the poft of this day fe'-ennight ; and had the wind been favourable, I fhould have received your anfwer yefterday or to-day, which I long much for; I have not had- any letters- from France fince; and the ordinary poft, which moftly arrives on the Saturday, is>not yet 'come in-: whether the letters be detained in France* I know not, the wind and water having been pretty favourable, fo that I hourly exped further news how they proceed in this important work, and alfo in ¦ what light the Republic and you look upon it. Therefore- 1 can fay nothing further to you- -at prefent upon this matter, than what I ' Have wrote In my two preceding letters. People here are all quiet, and trouble their thoughts little with the great change in the affairs - of the world. It feems "as if it were a punifhment from heaven * that people here are fo little fenfible to what paffes without the ifland, though we ought to have the fame interefts and anxieties as thofe' upon, the continent." William R. Hampton Court, N&vember i5-26th, 1700.* HP H E fetters from Holland of laft Tuefday and Friday's dates are not yet arrived, probably from contrary wind; which vexes- me much in the prefent great change of affairs, as -I long to know your fentrments, and how this unexpeded accident is looked on by the Republic; and till I am informed of that, I can write nothing more to you upon this important matter, than I have done in my three preceding letters* - 6 I leam S T A T E P A P E R S.. william.' j iearn Dy the French letters, that the Duke of Anjou is declared *7O0,» . . . . King of Spain, and is to fet out thither the firft of next month; fb that the ice is broke; and the Eledor of Bavaria writes, that he has been obliged to do the fame thing in the Spanifh .Netherlands, and to caufe Te Dtum to be fang. Thefe, fteps make the affair fo diffi cult, that I fhudder when I think on it. It will probably be a fort- night yet before one can know what refolution the Imperial Court will have taken; according to which, it now feems, every thing ought to be regulated. I muff confofe,, this bufinefs caufes me no fmall chagrin. _ William Ii. STATE P A P E:R S. 399 No. VII. The Somers Papers. pt is well known, that the manufcripts of this eminent ftatefman and lawyer were deftroyed by a fire which broke out at Lincoln's-Inn 1752. The honourable perfon*, in whofe poffeffion they were, took pains to recover the fragments which the flames had fpared ; and, after correding the damaged paffages with his own hand, bound up the valuable remains in a folio volume. Such parts of -them as are thought beft to deferve the public notice, and fitteft to fhew the weight which Lord Somers had with the Princes he ferved, and the friends he fupported, have been feleded for this work, and it is hoped, will be thought one of the principal recom mendations of it. The world will, however, do that juftice to the colledion, as not to fuppofe that thefe fpecimens from it, immitis ignis reliquiae, will afford an adequate idea of its merit. It filled upwards of fixty volumes in 4to, and did not contain a paper from Lord Somers's pen, which the moft intimate friend would have wifhed to fecrete, or the bittereft enemy could have fairly turned to his prejudice. ' The Editor recolleds, that the rough drafts of the Treatife on Grand Jurors, and the juft and modeft Vindication ofthe laft. Par liaments of Charles II. were preferved in the hand -writing of Lord Somers ; as likewife the famous laft fpeech of King William pre pared for him by that noble Lord, when he was not adualLy in his Councils, but on the point of being reftored to them. There were minutes of two remarkable Cabinet Councils ; one of them held on the fecond Partition Treaty in 1699; when,. in / * The Honourable Charles Yorke, Efq;' then at the bar. Vol. II. 3 E 4 anfwer In the pof feffion ofthe Earl of Hardwicke. 4srj STATE PAPERS. _ anfwer ta feveral objedions made by the Lords prefent, Lord Portland, who had negociated and figned it, declared decifively, a* from the King," That fuch as it was, it muft be taken or left, for no alterations could be made. On which one of the Lords. . prefent (probably lord Somers himfeff) obferved, "If that was the cafe, he faw no reaforf for calling them together. 'r The fe*- cond Cabinet Council met in 17 10, foon after the removal ofthe Lords Godolphin and Sunderland, when Mr. Harley, though not in office, was the real Firft Minifter j. the Dukes of SlrrewfBury and Somerfet at that time clofely conneded with him, were of if.. At this Cabinet, Lord Somers, then Prefident of the Council^ expreffed himfelf in the ftrongeft manner againft the turn which* things were then taking, and plainly imputed the rupture of the conferences at Gertruydenberg on the part of the French, to the hopes they had conceived of a change of meafures and men here* The fpeech was pointed and ftrong. The -eolledion was very copious about the great affair of the Union. There were letters to Lord Somers, from moft of the-' Scotch Peers, who were active and zealous for it ;. particularly the: Lords Stair and Marchmont. There was in one of the volumes a fketch of the plan, whicbi Lord Somers had prepared for his defence in Weftminfter Half* I a. had the frivolous and vexatious impeachment againft him been brought to trial ; and in another, fome irnperfed hints for am anfwer to fuch parts of Lord Rochefter's preface and dedication t6> his father's hiftory as conveyed an unfavourable idea of King; William's engaging in contihental alliances, and negleding the navy, and ofthe countenance given by the low churchmen to the' diffenters at that time. For the exadnefs of thefe details, the Editor can fafely rely ore his memory, and hopes, they wilLnot be unacceptable to the pub* lie, though they may augment its regretfor the lofs of fuch valu>- able hiftorical memorials.] % STATE PAPERS. 401 1688-9. ffiOTES of what paffed in the Convention upon the dav Jranfc>-ibed J * M . * S from Lord the queftion was moved in the Houfe of Commons concern- Somers'f * J J J notes taken ing the Abdication of King James II. the 2%th of Ja~ withaPeilciL nuary 1688-9. Mr. Dolben. VACANCY in the government, and the King demifed.— King withdrawn without provifion,— Fad clear.— Law plain.— 1. The word fhews it.— 2. The fame reafon for providing whether his de^- mife be merely civil, or whether it be natural, as well as civil.— Chafin in the adminiftration.— Total failure of Juftice.— Authorities. —'Edward IV. upon the rumour of the Earl of Warwick's coming, fled : held to be a demife, and all proceedings cfifcontinued.— Judges learned at that time, Lyttleton one.— Obj. Edward IV. returned.-*- ' Ankfw. But that was by conqueft.— Edward II. refigned by du- refs, yet adjudged a demife in the fame term. — 1 Edward 3. 3. Richard II. refigned per minas. — Raft. 528, b. — In this cafe *, de parture voluntary.— King acknowledged it Did the fame thing twice. — This confonant to other laws. — Grotius. — Hottoman A Prince ceafing to adminifter juftice, he ceafes to be King. — Moves, that it is the opinion of the committee, that King James II. is de mifed, by voluntary departure, in confequence. of which the go vernment is without a King. Mr Arnold Seconded. Sir R. Temple. Before he went, deftroyed all the foundations of the government.-*- In refped to parliament, what arts were ufed ! — Turned out ail men, who would not comply. — Modelled corporations. — Weftminfter-hall an inftrument of flavery and popery. — Judges turned out, till the * /. e. James's. Vol. II. 3 F difpenfing 402 STATE PAPERS. l6^8'9- difpenfing power owned. Ordinary juftice deftroyed, and extra ordinary relief prevailed. This is falling from royal powers. He is a tyrant who ads againft his own laws. Church, ruled by ecclefiaftical commiffion law. ¦Freeholders by martial law. If no vacancy, how came we here ? What fteps have been taken towards a compliance ? -He fuppreffed the writs for calling a free Parlia ment. — Took away the Great Seal. — In breach of his oath endea voured to fubvert the government. That relinqulfhed, as to the exercife. Provide for yourfelves. Your refolution already de clared* by placing the adminiftration in the Prince of Orange. Mr. Howe Thinks it a forfeiture, though he has not the fame fears. Sir R. Howard Inftruded by three worthy perfons who have fpoken. — -Not merely to reft it on a demife. Other Englifh Kings have fucked in the poifon of arbitrary power. That not enough in this inftance, our fouls muft have been enflaved. Nothing left to fubvert. Ufurped all civil and ecclefiaftical power. Violence ever attend ing his religion, — ¦ — Corporations. Clofetting. This Richard. the Second's defign. High court of Special Juftice, to ruin reli gious rights, as the difpenfing power, the civil. Afk, if after- this a King ? But a King can do no wrong.— —This is to quit the part of a King, to ad that of a tyrant. — Bradon. For-' tefcue. — = — Every man has a divine right to his life ; forfeits it, if he breaks uejl. Whether this departure fo circumftantiated is an abdication ? Thinks fo.- Several breaches- precedent are certain evidences quo. animo.- Religion interwoven with the State. To refufe to govern according to the conftitution is abfo- lutely to difclaim the government. And he who withdraws on fuch account abdicates. Never heard of fo fhort a reign fo full of violence. Declaration tells you what was his mind. Putting alt into the popifh hands. Suborning a Parliament. Richard II. the only inftance. One remedy, as we judged, a Parliament Recalling his writs a continuation of his mind. At liberty when: beyond fea, and yet no application towards adminiftering. Mr. B of caw en. We are fuppofed. to be a reprefentative, and can he nothing elfe. In former proclamations it- was made out, that he being a King- of fuch a religion as he is, would do as he has done.-1 King gone away with his feal and Child. Throne vacant.- Should fet up him .who is moft able to govern. The author, of all your* mifchiefs.- Not to fight with a bulrufh. Sir William Pulteney; Crown defcends not from heaven; then muft come from the peo ple. If error to let him go, to recal hinv double. Should at tempt it with halters about our necks.! Crown often difpofed of by Parliaments. Difpenfing. power. Bringing in foreign ju- iifdidion. No wrong done if not by him. Said to be traite- rous to diftinguiffi between power and perfon, but all governments depend upon it. To take it into our confideration not to run, back. As little wrong as may be..— —Confider your deliverer. » Do* v STATE PAPERS. 405 — - — -Bo whatj your pofterity may blefs you for.---— "Never exped »C88-g. She like game again. Sir Thomas Clarges, Crown void'has a confequence of an extraordinary nature. '-To make an eledion, will turn conftitution into a commonwealth, The Prince took this to be a full and free reprefentative. Sir William Williams'. Every man knows King James is out of the kingdom* and in France,- How left it, voluntarily or by compulfionr will not pretend to determine. No adminiftration left behind him." That fails.— The conftitution is broken. French intereft re^ pugnant to ours. Is for declaring, that King James, in having become a Papift, and by withdrawing, has deprived the kingdom ©f the exercife of kingly government.Serjeant Maynard. a Some Papifts rule well, fo leave it out. Mr. Finch. It is faid that he has loft his crown by ads; and by going- away has abdicated. One confequence can refult from this queftioni What it is ? ¦ If that confequence be^ that the conftitution is de volved upon the people, few will come up to it. If that the con— 1 ftitution is diffolved, believes no wife man will come up to it.« If to declare the throne vacant, is to fay, that he has loft the inherit ance, thinks even that further than any one will go. The fingle confequence is, that James II. is not King. Then- is the throne filled with the next fuceeffor.*- The monarchy is not eledive. The monarch can only forfeit for himfelf. The exercife in him for life; cannot difpofe of or refign the inheritance; Has diffi culties. Not excufeable, what the King has done. His going away does not feem a total renunciation. *We are not to fend propofals. That will not confift with our fecurity. Suppofe the kingdom under an infant. ——Security muft confift in, the una- t, . nimou^ STATE PAPERS. nimous concurrence of the kingdom. Suppofe the King mifin- formed of the conftitution, will that be a forfeiture? King may endeavour to fubvert the conftitution, and fo render it unfafe to live under him, becaufe he is fo eafily abufed. Nation may provide for the adminiftration in cafe of lunacy : So in this cafe. Sir Thomas Lee. The gentleman is debating the conclufion before he has fettled the premifes. The King may advife his Minifters, inftead of be ing advifed by them. Mr. Finch. - Too late to debate the point I went upon, after this refolution agreed to. If the cafe be, as the gentleman ftated it, there is only a ceffation of the exercife. Sir Chr. Mufgrave. Part of the queftion is, That the King has fubverted the conftitu tion.— —But it is clear that remains ftill. No anfwer given to what has been faid.— r— Demife, abdication, &c. the fame things. There is an end of that queftion. The right and the exer cife muft be diftinguifhed. Have a care of depofing. A kingdom near us *, which, if our reafons do not fatisfy, they may prove ill neighbours.— — Would be clear, whether it be the inten tion to depofe him. If he has forfeited the inheritance, how would we fupply ? If not, is under great difficulty as to declar ing the throne vacant. Mr. Wharton. He is no more our King, whether he depofes himfelf or not. Not for the fafety of moft here, that he fhould come back. Sir Chr. Mufgrave. All are equally in danger; defire to know if the thing may be done, the King depofed ? * Scotland. Sergeant STATE PAPERS. 407 Sergeant Maynard, 1688-9. Whoever put that queftion, I know not his meaning ; but am afraid of it. The true queftion is, Whether the King has not depofed himfelf? Put the cafe, and it will appear no new one. All mixed government has its foundation in confent It is clear, that there may be tranfgreffions, as will not amount to a forfeiture, but will prove to all that he ought to govern no onger. The Papifts pervaded all parts of government. — '<¦— The whole revenue was granted to the King by Parliament for life. What was afked in return ? Only that Popifh officers might be difmiffed ; and we were difmiffed inftead of them. If what we are doing is wrong, every man is alike guilty. We have been alike involved in the fame danger. It was come to the fame pafs,. as Matthew Paris talks of in King John's time. Ireland yielded up : had infatuation enough to have induced him (like that King) to make a $@o years grant of the monarchy of England. Remembers former times of confufion ; hopes thefe in the end will be as memorable for peace and order. In the. year 1641, Ireland filled with maffacre and~ rebellion, 200,000 Proteftants flain in a fhort time; 500,000 left ; what muft have become of thefe under King James ?': The native Irifh, becaufe Papifts, were let into all employments. The King would have given away the foil ; given up 500,000 of his fubjeds. — Was this like an Englifh King ? Can he fell or give away his fub jeds ?• An Ad of Parliament was made to difarm all Englifh- men, whom, the Lieutenant fhould fufped, by day or by night, by force or otherwife This done in Ireland for the fake of putting arms into Irifh hands. The engineer was called the King's Attorney, and bombs his ^uo warantos. Every Popifh King, if he had power, would deftroy all Proteftants. See their condition in France, Spain, — : — Hungary. We do. not depofe him.- It is his own ad. If feven Bifhops prefent an, STATE PAPERS. an humble petition, it is profecuted as a libel *. We have feea all St. Omer's in his Majefty's councils.— — This defign was dark, continued, uniform, to deftroy the Proteftant religion. — —This ne ceffarily complicated with defign to deftroy Proteftants ; to de ftroy Parliaments. rHis religion juftifies and commands this ex tended ruin.— —The mirror of juftice fets down the beginning of this monarchy. -A King chofen and fworn to laws, the confti tution not fubverted in refped to this right.- — -To fay abdicated and void, the fame thing." If the government be abdicated, the rthrone is vacant. Sir H. Capel. - Surprifed to go on fo flowly. We could not prevent this Prince, before his time, from fucceeding ; now we cannot exclude him, having left us. — — -No conftitution, which, in cafe of ex tremity, may not relieve itfelf. Will you fet him upon the throne ? If you limit him, and impofe a regent, you alter the -government. It is faid, ail this was owing to ill .advifers. If thofe be ill that advife, thofe are faulty who plead for him.1 ¦, You have colleded the fenfe of the Houfe, and are ripe for a re folution. Mr. Howe. Mr. Harbord. Sir J. Treby. This is a matter which requires patience and calm thought.' " ¦ 'Queftion is, Whether we fhall be overturned by popery and arbi trary power? ¦ '-¦¦ '-"To determine whether we can depofe, is to enter into a queftion in vain as well as dangerous. We find the throne vacant, and do not make it fo. A worthy perfon inti mated that the crown was on the head of fomebody ; and that. the King went out of his wits, as with lunacy, not abdicated the go vernment. If fo, he could have told you who wears it ; what .can fupply the government? Take care whilft we debate of fub- * Father Petre. tilties, S TA TE PAPERS, til ties, and ftart at fliadows, left there be not a fpot of ground in this country, on which a Proteftant may fet his foot. — — It is faid fey another Member, that we do not reprefent a fourth part of the nation, becaufe (forfooth) we are not eleded by thofe, who have no fhare in the government by the conftitution of it. But is it now a queftion, Whether we have authority ? We have exercifed the higheft : difpofed of the adminiftration : appointed a thankfgiving. -The King has renounced his legal government, and fallen from it. He that wilh not, or cannot exercife it ac cording to law, is no longer King.' Two parts in government. —Commanding and .obeying.-*- — Legiflative power and executive. The difpenfing power introduced into the latter, has overfet the rule eftablifhed by the former. He cannot now treat with his people in_parliament ; has infifted on the inherent infeparable authority in the crown to difpenfe. ¦ The High Commiffion Court would have found pretences to deprive Proteftants. — The difpen fing power would have filled the church with Papifts in their ftead. — As to the legiflature,— — when corporations' were all diffolved, he might have named his Parliament. Between the regulators and dragoons, a Parliament would only have reprefented the King or the Papifts. Where the King infringes the liberty or property of a private man, we may footh, and pacify, and fubmit. But when the fundamental laws themfelves are invaded ; when the ma- lefadors who broke them are, by fraud or force, made the Parliament who frame laws : thefe are violations which fhake off the King. — — Have we then pccafion to touch the queftion of depofing ? The higheft article againft Richard the Second was, that he pack'd a Parliament. In 1607 King James the Firft expreffed his fenfe clearly to the Parliament, when he faid, that the King leaving off to govern according to law, ceafes to be King. It was a great argument againft the exclufion bill, that no other Papifts befides Vol. II. 3 G the 4io STATE PAPERS, i I-8.-"91j ^e King- could be in office. — —His friends anfwered for him, that the teft law would be inviolable; — yet he pretended only to leave it in force as to the Houfe of Commons. — : — When petitioned by the Peers concerning it, how loth to yield to them ? — — See the con fequence of the credit which you gave him. As to the motion, exprefs it as you pleafe.- We are without a King. 1 think, in his own judgment, he is fallen from the throne. He fwore to adminifter the laws, which are free and Proteftant. But it feems he is under an higher obligation to break them. Is not this to fay, " My adminiftration muft be a contradidion to my office." Is it not a renouncing? His adiehs have all fpoken it. — —Re call him ? his obligations are the fame. His laft ufe of the great feal was to pardon the malefadors, his advifers.— — Moves to infert the words *' by advice of Jefuites and other wicked perfons, having; violated the fundamental laws, &c.'1 Mr. Finch: * Queftion, If the King has loft his title to the crown ? 1 think no man fafe under his adminiftration. No fafety but in the con-. fent of the nation. — '¦ — The conftitution being limited, there, is a good foundation for defenfive arms. It has given us right to- demand full and ample fecurity. If there be an expedient where in all may be fecure, and all agree, that is the beft. 1. We are to examine and inquire of the fucceffion. 2. Every man muft- fwear to it a^ lawful and rightful. In the prudential part, let what muft occur to you on the fecond head,*guide you as to the firft. — — All would be fecure; yet all cannot come up to- what fome of us feem inclined to determine in point of right. Did not mean to capitulate with the King, but eftablifh the government.—— Meant a regent in which all may agree. -That .which compre hends moft, will be moft fecure. Would declare that the King. 5 , ought STATE PAPER S. ought not to be intrufted with the adminiftration ; fo fhould be the queftion. Sir R. Howard. A regency and the King are all one. The queftion, as moved and amended, takes in the fenfe of the Houfe. Much is faid of the fucceffion. But we are the people. And threaten ourfelves by ourfelves when the queftion is afked, fhall we dare to chufe ? To talk of preferving the fucceffion as facred, is to fuppofe the title of the prince. A thing well cozened.- If he fhould die, the King of France will find another. Lord Fanfhawe. It is faid the King has withdrawn himfelf. Gone away by compulfion, in my judgment. Heard him fay, That he was afraid of being feized by his own fubjeds.— When he was at li berty at Feverfham, he came back. — Afks, if we have power to depofe ? -In law, King can dp no wrong ; for that reafon mini fters are called to account. No occafion for hafte. . - . • .- Lord Cornbury Defires the queftion may be explained, Mr. Roberts. If the queftion is to have no other confequence than would fol low on the King's natural demife, will go nemine contradicente. — — « Queftion put in the Committee.— —Three negatives. Lord Cole heft er Moves to report it prefently. - Sir William Williams Moves the Houfe to fit to-morrow, and receive the report. Sir J. Knight. . Arms of France invading all the rights of this kingdom.- Fo reign plantations."— —Ireland invaded. -Would immediately have a head. s, 3 G 2 Mr. 412 STATE PAPERS. 1688-9. Mr. Wharton. To report immediately. Mr. Wogan. . To-morrow1. Sir Rowland Gwyn. Time precious, would report now. Sir R. Sawyer. To-morrow. Sir Walter Young. Immediately. May do more, now unanimous. Sir J. Lowther. Report what done to the Houfe, and confider of it again to morrow. For our honour to proceed deliberately. Mr. Medlicot. Security depends on difpatch. Sir J. Knight. Confider the bleeding condition of trade. Agreed with the Committee by all but one in the Houfe. "Sir R. Howard Moves to fend up the refolution to the Lords for their concurrence. Mr. Bofcawen Seconds. — — Mr. Hampden to carry it up. Refolved, That King James the Second, having endeavoured to fubvert the cdnftitution by breaking the original contrad between king and people ; and, by the advice of Jefuits and other wicked perfons, having violated the fundamental laws, and withdrawn himfelfout of the kingdom, has abdicated the government, and that the throne is, vacant. Mr. STATE PAPE RS. Mr. Hampden in the Chair, 29th January. Colonel Birch. King depofed himfelf— — Fear upon him from his own guilt. Continued attempts upon our liberties.— —Nothing left but the dif- pofing of the people's money, and that challenged as a right laft Parliament From the Spanifh match downwards, Popery has been coming. The war followed. King Charles delivered himfelf from two of the eftates, by never calling them together for many years. Ship-money. Monopolies.—; — I will not deter mine, but he brought the charader of his government near to what was folemnly declared yefterday. Popery and idolatry were at the bottom. When the late King James would marry this Lady, I afked a great man at that time, Whether he meant to perpetuate to his family a war with the Houfe of Commons ? Popery will npt profper but in an arbitrary and tyrannical foil.- Inconfiftent, ruinous for a Proteftant ftate to be governed by a Popifh Prince.-- Moves to refolve, that it is inconfiftent with the fafety of this Proteftant kingdom to be governed by a Popifh Prince. Pilkington. Seconded. Sir R. Temple. Found by experience that the government of a Popifh Prince is inconfiftent with the ends of government in a Proteftant kingdom- Sir R. Napper. Woeful experience. Sir R. Sawyer. Inconfiftent with the intereft of a Proteftant kingdom to be govern ed by a Popifh King. Law ought to be made ; civil and religious rights interwoven. Lord 4r4 ST.ATE PAPERS. l688-9-t Lord Faulkland. Yefterday allowed he was King.- Nothing inconfiftent with our laws.— —It is no offence to refufe the teft. ^ Tipping. It has been found by experience inconfiftent with the fafety and welfare of a Proteftant kingdom to be governed by a Popifh Prince. Sir William Williams. A negative on this queftion would be inconfiftent with your vote yefterday. Paffed nem. con. Mr. Wharton. Yefterday the throne vacant.- All are for filling it again. Adhere to the conftitution as near as poffible.' Bufinefs of the- greateft weight.- — —Pitch on none fo Well as-the Prince and Prhi- cefs of Orange. — —Making them as capable of proteding us, as may be. Philip and Mary, King and Queen ; William and Mary, King and Queen of England. Moves to fupply the vacancy -of the; throne. Sir Duncombe Colch'ejler. Our being here owing to the Prince. .Gratitude to pitch upon him. Seconds, Lord Faulkland. I hope we fhall fecure ourfelves from arbitrary government as well as Popery. Lay the foundation before we raife the build ing. -Two Kings the conftitution will not bear in a joint fove- reignty. We are likewife to fee what regal power is. Never leave the difpenfing power doubtful, or the high commiffion fubfifting. Fundamentals too may be deftroyed, by corrupting Parliaments. Mr. Garway. Confider what terms muft be made to provide really and effedu- ally STATE PAPERS. 4i5 ally for our own fafety. Not deliver up thofe who fent us. 1688-9. But make fuch provifions as may prevent future invaders. Sir William Williams. Settle the terms. Would enad no new conftitution, but make declaration only, and purfue the old. If any thing amifs, find out the caufes. Then the remedies. Then the perfons fitteft to adminifter. The Prince's declaration ftates much of your grievances. The perfon is the laft thing to be thought of. — In the year 1660, there were many hard laws made grievous to the people.— —Much enhanced the prerogative. Corrupt judges and counfellors took courage from them. That convention often -cried out upon, for taking no better care. -King Charles II. a young man when called to the crown. Vaft fums granted. Militia ad; an antecedent queftion, Whether the power over it in the crown or people ? Said to be indecent, that he did not come into the crown with all its luftre at that time. But now we fpeak for England. This is the time to be free, now the throne is va cant. Corporation Ad was arbitrary. Weak and knavifh judges will do knavifh things. They read none of the law books, and fo read nothing to the contrary. You have fet an example of arbitrary proceeding. Given power to levy a fum of money with out Parliament. Adhere to-the ancient conftitution. We ate- to look beyond the conqueft. Original contrad in your votes, Mr. Chrifty. A Mama Chart a. Coronation oath to preferve the proteftant religion. Sir Richard Temple: Not launch into fuch a fea. Three heads; ift, Provide againft ¦- encroaching on Parliaments for pofterity.— Certainty of them. Triennial bill taken away in a thin houfe. Not only called to ¦ ferve the ends of the crown. That no pardons may be trumped un0J1 us<_ —Eledion of Parliament fecured, by making corpora^ tions 4i6 STATE PAPERS. 1688.9. tions tools.- -2d, Standing army fettled without confent of Par liament, though no part of conftitution. May be allowed in eafe of war, invafion, or rebellion.— —Militia bill. Power to difarm all England. Now done in Ireland.. 3d, Weftminfter-hall muft be better filled, with perfons who are honeft, and are judges for . life with fixed falaries. Take care as to juries; fheriffs; flrange fines. As little as may be of power to be direded by the difcre tion of the judges, who did not decide great queftions formerly, but fent them into Parliament.-1 That was the occafion of calling Par liaments frequently. Let the oath of King be taken by them (the Prince and Princefs of- Orange) before they enter into government. Prince has called upon you to purfue the ends of his decla ration. Lord Ranelagh. Prince's declaration, a good foundation to build a fettlement upon. His letter confirms it. ' Mr Bofcawen. Arbitrary power exercifed by the Miniftry. Ads of long Par liament. Corporation Ad. That the fame with the refolu tion. The moft loyal or deferving, turned out.- Militia." ... Imprifoning without reafon ; difarming. Himfelf difarmed. — Trophy-money, &c. Triennial bill. Neceffity begot it. Nothing hindered us frpm going into flavery but that bill, faid by Lord Chief JufticeN Hales. Moves, that ' before the committee proceed to #ie nomination of any perfon to fill the vacancy of the throne, they will provide fuch things as are abfolutely neceffary for fecuring our religion, laws, and liberties. Sir J. Knight. We fhall find the Papifts immediately upon us. Serjeant Maynard. Two things moved. -One to fill, the vacancy of the throne, the other before we fill the vacancy, to make provifion for our fecurity. ' 3 ^ Agree STATE PAPERS. 4ir Agree with the laft part of the' fecOhd queftion, but would not delay to fupply the throne, left, inftead of an arbitrary government, we fhould have none.— ^It has been faid, we muft go beyond the conqueft. -Puzzled to find what was law in the Saxon times ; tedious and frultlefs fearch. Some particulars well propounded.— — Some grofs grievances for which we are beholden to a Parliament, Who cared not what was done, fo their penfions were paid. Militia Ad.- '•>- An abominable thing to difarm the nation, to fet up a ffanding army.- — —Corporation Ad carried into execution With a high hand. If any man offered to ftir, to remonftrate, to com plain, it Was cried Out by fome, the ad of oblivion too large.— — - Could name them. Ads of violence.-^-^Corruption of judges, inftead of durante bene placito, fhould be quam diu fe bene gejferint. -But we muft fo take care for the future, as not to be loft at prefent.- — • — The army has been corrupted formerly, may be again. — Let us not delay to fet the government in motion, under whatever fair pretence, left we give occafion to moles, who work under ground, to deftroy the foundations you laid yefterday. — ¦ — This is my fear, didated by the knowledge and experience of paft times ; and this* as a true Englifhman, who love my country better than my life. The things mentioned are obvious in your prefent fituation, eafy to , be attained. But it Is effential, and of immediate neceffity there fhould be a King. The law has fo bound the King (whether you declare it anew or not) that he can do no wrong, unlefs wicked Counfellors advife to break it; but ih this there can be no mif- take for ignorance.— — You are without power, without juftice, without mercy; other things require time, and admit of it. ford Faulkland. Would juftify myfelf to thofe who fent me hither, as not merely Wanting to change hands. -Satisfadion of the people as Well as army.— —If we ad with love of the people we fhall purfue their intereft. Vol. II. 3 H Mr. 4 x§ ST ATE PAPERS *te?-9> - Mr. Sacheverel. Shall be laughed at, if hot look after ourfelves now.— When the Prince declares your fecurity fhall be lafting. — No man knows what he can call his own, unlefs you look very far back.— — Difarmed and imprifbned without caufe.— —Scarce three laws of twenty years de- ferve to be continued.. Money. Overfhot themfelves at that time (1660) not to do fo now. Way to have a good law aboliffied,. if you did but name it. Proved that many penfioners agreed for fo much in the hundred for all they gave. An old law ftill in force, the Parliaments fhall not be prorogued, till all the grievances be redreffed : when fuch grievances brought in here, we were fent away the next day. Warrants to take up all Noneonformift mi nifters, or fuch as were thought to be difaffeded to the government* becaufe they endeavoured to chufe members whom they (the court) did not like. Secure Parliaments rightly and duly chofen.— — Their fitting fo as not to be broken up at pleafure. No extrava gant revenue to be granted as may enable the crown to carry whora it pleafes into eledions. Make falfe returns more penal.i Am* for proceeding to thefe things before you fill the vacancy^ Mr. Pollexfen. Whatfoever things you would declare, will not only require con fideration here, but muft be agreed by Lords as well as Commons. The propofition excellent in itfelf, but if it have the effed to confound us, a dreadful propofition.-- — Am as willing as any to' apply redrefs to grievances. But to delay fupply ing the govern ment, will reftore the King. View the prefent condition of the kingdom. If this fhould go beyond fea, that we are bounding the kingly power, before there is one to- affume the exercife, what con fequence will it have I Unlefs jealous of friends, your worft ene mies cannot hinder you from coming to a fettlement.' -See. what delay is doing. This month has loft one King. The army ready to mutiny. — Every fadious intereft will run in there. Fear of STATEPAPERS. 4*9 of Popery has united ; when that is over, we fhall divide again. — l683> , It was thought impoffible formerly that Popery fhould come here. King James long fince feemed to declare, " That cannot be done till I am King." As to the Prince and Princefs of Orange ; you have no reafon to miftruft good words, unlefs it be accompanied with ill ac- tions.-1 But their adions abroad give me reafon to believe them really Proteftants. His declaration fpeaks the fame thing. His adions confirm it. — — He might have taken the crown, inftead of leaving us in debate.— You have no laws till there is a King.: ¦ Thofe who prevailed by arms, in the late times, in coming to a conftitutional government, ruined themfelves. If Oliver had fettled into a government, he might have faved his party. -We bufied ourfelves about a bill of exclufion fome time fince. Some for that bill ; others for limitations. We talked fo long about it, that we were fent away without doing any thing. Will there be lefs talk now on thefe points of right ? Befides, your, terms may be fuch at laft, that when you come to offer the crown with new li mitations, not known before, it may be rejeded. -Common de- ftrudion will overtake us, whilft we debate thefe things, without the protedion of a legal government. Lord Faulkland. No doubt of the Prince and Princefs of Orange. What is done by us before the offer of the crown will be no argument of diftruft.— — — What has been felt in the two laft reigns is a fufficient ground for us to proceed. Mr. Garway. Somewhat muft be done. Many things named. Reprefent our fenfe to him.— —That it may be paffed hereafter into laws. ' Sir Edward Seymour. Good things often fuffer by overdoing. Not for making new laws, but declaring old.— Declare againft difpenfing power; power 3 H 2 oi 420 STATE PAPERS. v_ 1688-9. of Weftminfter Hall. -'Great part of the revenue depends on the" demife of the King. —Can we difpofe of a crown, and not have power to fecure ourfelves ? Not live like a Have in England.--^ — Adminiftration is in the Prince's hands. Confider the end of your meeting. Sir T. Lee. The objedion is fpending long time.' Amongft others, this opinion fhould be exploded, That the- King can raife what forces he thinks fit in England, provided he can pay them. He who firft broached this dodrine, obtained a great place' in judicature. S.ir T. Clarges. Neceffary fomething fhould be done for common fafety, and to- purfue the Prince's defires.- - Moves, that a committee may be appointed to draw up fome heads to be prefented to our chief; ~ governor, when declared. Colonel Birch. If the Prince of Orange would live till we are all dead, we might: hope for fafety under him.— — Our fecurity muft be. in fettling the government whilft we have. him. Yet the difcontents will rife- much higher, if you do not do fomewhat hefide filling the throne. —As to the time, it cannot take a day, only to mention them as heads. We have refolved to faft to-morrow (30th of January) we know what we faft for. We have often fat on the Lord's. day. — —May take up our thoughts to-morrow. Some fuch de claration will give you more ftrength and credit. By way of ad dition to what has. been obferved on that, head, think hearthr money- , a badge of flavery,, The taking.away of that law will bring him. more ftrength than twenty armies. The queftion, as juft moved,, is not too general ; may truft ourfelves.. Mr. J. Hampden, We make free thus to ad for a nation not tied by oaths.. - Know, time'preffes. They will afk why the King has abdicated: ? the. STATE PAPERS. tfie government. If ypu declare the conftitution, it will be no kiw that can bind. Have looked into the journals, and find the convention in 1660, was of King, Lords, and Commons. Sir William Pulteney. Difficulties on each hand.— —Would have a committee appointed; to draw up heads, Mr. Uolben Has a reafon for difpatch in his hand. Letter from a noble" Lord in Ireland, that juft ready to execute. Mr. Harbord. Nobody will go farther for maintaining the conftitution. A^ principal thing is to make examples of thpfe who broke it— ^r- Secur rity infallible. The revenue is gone by the vacancy. Cannot thefe things be doing in the mean time that you fettle the govern ment? The Dutch are calling home their troops with impati ence.-^— Fadions in the army.' -If thefe break out, where are all; your laws and declarations ? Preferve your government— —-It is the fword of a King muft proted you. Sir R, Savoy er. Some complain of laws; fome of the tranfgreffion of the laws. — - Offences punifhable in Parliaments, and in ordinary courts.- ¦ Great offences are to be punifhed in Parliament- No provifion* Would you make another contrad with your Prince than your anceftors have done? —Nothing can be done till it is debated.— Are you fatisfied the laws are good ?— — Declare no power of fuf* pending; and that Parliament fhall fit fome ftated time. -Work: cut out, will employ feveral weeks. Sir R. Temple. Go on prefently to declare the neceffary heads.— — Convention! of u6.6o^ which.brought in. the. King made feyeral ads... Sir- Az% STATE PAP E R S. Sir T. Littleton. Soon agreed in two things. ift, To fill the government.- i>d, To fecure our liberties. This may be done in a little time tby naming the heads.— — Refer it to a committee. :Sir J- Guife. When fill up vacancy, the fame time prefent a declaration, -i— Appoint a committee, and at the fame time proceed to noma - aiate. Sir Charles Mufgrave. No power to appoint a committee.— —Reftrain your -queftion — Cannot anfwer it to the nation or Prince of Orange, till we declare "what are -the rights invaded. When you declare your grievances, .every man will take them to be the reafon of your vote yefterday. — > TVIake your wheels before you -put the cart on. Declare your an tient .government, then fet it up. Motion, that before the com mittee proceed to nominate a perfon to fill the throne, That the Houfe be moved to appoint, a -committee to -bring in. general heads. Mr. Garroway. An effay has been colleded by a worthy gentleman. Mr. Pollexfen h Heads a paper. -Unlefs Parliaments regulated, no fecurity.— i C!laufe about pardons to be added. Sir H. Capel. " Parliament fo truly Englifh. .No prejudice to the crown in -taking care of our properties.- 'Security to it- The crown in debted to the proceedings of this day. Two witneffes to one fad in treafon. Sir William Williams. - Colled a queftion. Sir R. Hobart. Extravagant bail.— —Lord Lieutenants. Lord STATE PAP-ER'S; 423. Lard Faulkland. r68»-g»- Exorbitant fines* ** — « — -*. Colonel Birch.. The paper only an effay. v '" Sir Hi Tempfe., »' King's Bench* 'Tipping. Council in cafes of treafon and felony, Ettrick. To proceed to nominate, looks like elediom. Mr. Poley Seconds it, not to ufe the word nominate, as it comes fb nea^ eleding, in the queftion about fupplying the vacancy*. Mr. Sacheverell Declare is too much;, the Lords may quarrel- Sir J. Low ther.. If you make fuch declaration before vacancy fupplied, may admit" ©f another conftrudion abroad, and in France, than intended here. ¦Of equal ufe to you to make fuch- declaration without notice taken, of intention to fupply afterwards. So leave out the firft par©. ©f the queftion. Jephfom Give no occafion to enemies abroad, Medlicot: Declare inftead of nominate.— —Paffed nem. com Lord Faulklandi Now ready to nominate your committee.—— Move the Houfe thatf the gendemen of the long' robe may proceed'. Sir Thomas Clargesi Intention that no fuch thing fhould be done.' Ordered to re port the vote to the Houfe, That it is the opinion of the committee that it is inconfiftent with the fafety, &cv 8- Mr-* STATE PAP E RS; Mr. Hampden Reports, Firft refolution, nem. con. To appoint a committee to bring in general heads of fuch things as are abfolutely neceffary to be confidered for the better fecuring of OUr religion, and laws, and liberties. Sir H. Capel Moved to add thefe words, To the end that we maymore fpeedily proceed to fill up the vacancy of the throne. Mr. Sdcheverel. No reafon for it. Moves to defire the concurrence of the lords to the firft vote. Mr. Hampden To carry it up. Naming the committee, every one to ftand up. Sir Jofeph Tredenham. Exorbitances of Weftminfter Hall moft complained of. Not to go upon general words of the long robe. Mr. Howe. May be, fome of the gentlemen of the long robe guilty, Lord Dunblain. Long robe as great a grievance as any. Mr. Harbord. Committee to meet to-morrow about eight o'clock in the fpeaker's chambers. , ¦ Mr. Jephfon. Great bufinefs on our hands. To fit to-morrow. Lord Wiltfhire^ Defer filling up the vacancy no longer than the Houfeneeds muft. Sit to-morrow. Lord Ranelagh. Not to fit to-morrow ; keep ads of Parliament, not break them. Committee appointed to meet to-morrow. Mr. STATE PAPERS. Mr. Levifon Gower, Refledion to fit to-morrow, fo it would be not to fit at all. Hope they will difpatch by that time, and we to fit to-morrow at two o'clock. Lord Faulkland. Sir J. Guife. Seconded. Sir R. Napper. Mr. Bofcawen. Sir R. Howard. Nothing difingenuous.— Agreed to fit to-morrow at two o'clock. Vol. II. 3 I 426 STATE PAP ER& WILLIAM III. 1 ,693". Lord Nottingham to Lord Keeper Sowers. My Lord, T AM commanded by the King to acquaint your Lordfhip, that his Majefty has appointed Mr. Ward to be his Attorney General, that your Lordfhip may give diredions for the difpatch of his pa-~ . tent. When I waited on your Lordfhip,, you mentioned my Lord. Powis's houfe*, as being convenient, for you. I do not remember whether your, Lordfhip faid, that the King-had given any orders in it; and therefore I fpoke to the Queen of it this morning; and her Majefty is well pleafed to let you have it ; and I fhall accordingly - ., acquaint the Lords of the Treafury, fo that you need not think of any other houfe. I am, my Lord, your Lordfhip's, moft humble and faithful fervant, March i693. Nottingham. To the Lord Keeper Somers. Lord Keeper Somers to King William. Sent to the King at Harwich. May it pleafe your Majefty, March 27th, 1693. JT is no fmall misfortune to me, that before I enter upon the execution of the great truft with which your Majefiy.* has been .pleafed to honour me, I fhould find myfelf under the neceffity of giving your Majefty a trouble in relation to it. * Then in Lincoln's -Inn-Fields, afterwards Newcaftle Houfe. Nothing STATE PAPERS. 427 Nothing but the utmoft concern for your fervice could have WILLIAM brought me to do it now, or fhall ever hereafter lead me to do the like. My Lord Nottingham, fince your departure, has told me Sir William Rawlinfon is to be chief Baron; Sir William Wogan, Chief Juftice of Chefter ; and Mr. Ward, Attorney General. Your Majefty having laid no commands on me relating to any of them; I think it my duty, before I ad any thing in this matter, with all humility to reprefent to your Majefty what confequence it may have. The lawyers being fpread over every part of the kingdom, and having a great influence among the people, the method ufed to unite them in their fervice to the crown, has been by obliging them to a dependance upon the Great Seal, for their promotion, where they merited. This has always given a weight to that office in public affairs; and, if I underftand your Majefiy right, the making the Great Seal thus confiderable, was one of the effeds you expeded, from placing it in a fingle hand. But I fubmit to your Majefty, how far this is likely to fucceed, or any other Of your Majefty's ends be anfwered, if fuch eminent offices are difpofed of, in fuch a man ner, at my entrance on this charge. I do not meddle with any confiderations of the perfons themfelves, though I know not but your Majefty might exped it from me ; and it may not be improper to obferve to your Majefty, how much it has been to the honour of your reign, that- your Judges have been of known ability in the law; and that it is the particular concern of the crown, that .the Chief Baron fhould be experienced in the courfe of the Exchequer, and knowing in the Common Laws. As to the place of the Attorney, your Majefty having been pleafed to exprefs your purpofe to advance Sir Thomas Trevor to that office, to feveral perfons, it was not in my power to make it a fecret, and 3 1 2 ' your 428 STATE PAPERS. william y0Ur Majefty having divers times commanded me. to find out a Soli- 1693. citor, I was under the neceffity of propofing it to Mr. Ward, whom I thought a fit man, before I could name him to your Majefty; and fo that could not be concealed. This being the cafe, let me humbly offer it to your Majefty's confideration, whether, if the paffing thefe patents muft be the firft ufe I am to make of the Seal, it can be fuppofed I have that credit which ought always to go along with it, and without which it is im- poffible it fhould reach any part of what your Majefty aimed at in the change. Your Majefty will bear me witnefs, that I had a juft profped of the difficulties of this charge ; and that nothing but a perfed refig- nation to your Majefty, together with a gracious affurance of your fupport, engaged me to enter upon it. Upon this fupport, I do and muft depend ; and whatever your Majefty might exped from the feal in my hand, muft fail, if there be any the leaft want of it. Having difcharged my duty in this faithful reprefentation to your Majefty ; I lay the feal and myfelf at your Majefty's feet,, with an entire fubmiffion to your will and pleafure. I am,. May it pleafe your Majefty, Your Majefty's moft dutiful, moft obedient, and moft humble fubje£tand fervant,. J. Somers*. * Notwithftanding this letter, Mr. Ward after, on his promotion, Sir Thomas Trevor was made Attorney General; but not long, was appointed to that office. STATE PAPERS. 429 WHLLIAM , III. Letter from the Duke ofShrewfbury to Lord Somersy with , l69S* the Warrant to be a Baron*. My Lord, [HAD his Majefty's commands laff night to have waited on your Lordfhip this morning" with the inclofed j but being informed i that you are not at home, I take the liberty to fend it you. I had diredions to have faid every thing I could imagine to perfuade you to accept of a title, and the King is really convinced it is for his fervice you fhould. I beg the anfwer I may have, may be a bill for the King's figning. As for arguments, I have ufed all I have ah- ready ; and by your objedions, you may give me leave to tell you, that you are as partial and. unreafonable with too much modefty, as- fome are with too much ambition. I hope you will not only pardon me for telling you your fault, but that you will corred it,, andi believe me with great truth, - My Lord, Your Lordfhip's moft faithful and obedient fervant; May 8, 169J.. SHREWSBURY^. Duke of Shrewjbury to Lord Somers^ My Lord, 14th April, 1697;. T AM extremely forry for your Lordfhip's indifpofition, but hope ' it will not prove fo troublefome, as a quartan ague often does. My Lord Sunderland and I were attending, on the king, when your letter came: his. Majefty difcourfed with us on the feveral1 heads we had formerly mentioned ; but deferred coming to any re^ folutions till your Lordfhip could be prefent • The 43© S T AT E PAPERS. WJLLTAM The naming a deputy or deputies for Ireland was the firft point *- — *— — t confidered. Lord Sunderland named only my Lord Villiers^ and it had as quick a negative. Then I perceived he looked upon me, and expeded I fhould name my Lord Wharton. I paufed fome time; but being preffed by the King to name fome perfon, I faid I had two in my thoughts ; the firft, I knew, was very defirous to go, had very particularly deferved well of his Majefty, and was in great ftraits in his fortune, and that was my Lord Winchefter; the fe cond, I was confident every body would agree to be fit, but I could not be fure how agreeable it would be to his inclinations, and that was my Lord Wharton. The King objeded to my Lord Winchefter 's qualifications, but agreed to the other arguments I had ufed for his being qualified ; but wifhed it might be done fome other way. Lord Sunderland agreed entirely with the firft part of his Majefty's difcourfe ; but faid not fo much as I expeded to the fecond. Then the King came to confider my Lord Wharton, and fpoke of him with very particular kindnefs and efteem ; but he could not imagine he would be eafy in being one of three ; that he was fure, when he refleded my Lord Capell had been alone, it was impoffible he fhould, even though at this time it might fatisfy him ; yet that thought would change him ; and, faid he, " My Lord Wharton has very good parts, but I think no more of his liking to be one of three in Ireland, than I fhould to have two joined to me here." No refolu tion was taken on this point. But I faid, I thought my Lord Wharton might be tried how it would pleafe him; fo that I think that affair is in a pofture to receive what turn fhall be thought fit to give it Mr. Wharton was agreed to be In the Admiralty without difficulty, and Mr. Pelham in the Treafury. Some objections were made by the King fo Mr. Montague's being firft in the commiffion ; but not long infifted on. Then his Majefty acquainted us, there would be one vacancy more, if not two at the Board ; Mr. Smith having t ' afked 1697. STATE PAPERS. 431 afleed an audience o€ the King, and told Lord Portland, he was re- william folved to refign; and the fame was expeded from Sir Stephen Fox, though nothing lately had been faid of it. We, being un prepared to offer others for the Treafury, were direded to confider further of it. Then his Majefty faid, fome alterations were neceffary In the cuftoms and excife ; and particularly named Sir Robert Clayton as one who . neither attended, the Board, nor encouraged his fervice in the city, by. loan or fubfcription ; and upon that occafion declared, that feveral hadfo behaved themfelves this feffion, that if no punifh ment were made, no government could be expeded for the future ; and faid, This muft not be extended partially to one kind of men, but fome fhould be difplaced of different denominations. In general, I agreed with this ; but fubmitted, that a diftindion-was reafonable to be made between perfons who had done wrong only once through ignorance, and thofe who, in the whole courfe of bufinefs, had conti nually oppofed. This argument met with fo cold a reception, that I think it is not hard to guefs what was meant by that fpeech; though I think if it be intended againft Sir Walter Young and Mr. Clarke, we are obliged (I am fure I think myfelf fo) to ftand by them. This fort of difcourfe naturally brought' on that of my Lord Prefi dent*, &c. and I was furprifed to find how eafy the King; was in parting with him, and his confequences. He faid, the whole family of the Berties were againft him, and declared himfelf not fatisfied. even with the Vice-Chamberlain ; but Lord Sunderland excufed- him. I perceive all that, as to the Vice-Chamberlain, is fo prepared that it may be done as fhall be thought beft. 1 have given your Lordfhip this long account, becaufe a meeting, will very foon be preffed by my Lord Sunderland. It were very, convenient, your' Lordfhip, Mr* Ruffell, Mr. Montague, and myfelf, could have halfs * Duke of Leeds.' 43* STATE PAPE R S; william an hour's difcourfe firft ; , but how poffible that is with your other 1698. bufinefs muft be fubmifted, by, iMy Lord, Your moft faithful and obedient fervant, Shrewsbury. Prom the Duke of Shrewsbury to Lord Somers, My Lord, Eyford, Oa. 15, at night, 1698. rT" H E Lords Juftices of Ireland having wrote to me to the fame effed they have to your Lordfhip, their reafons for what they defire feem ftrong to me; fince, as. they ftate the cafe, the King's prerogative would be afferted by the linen bill, and the woollen trade would be regulated by the heads the Commons are preparing in Ire land; and by the method they propofe, the fuccefs of this feffions would be unqueftionable ; which, in the other, I prefume is very hazardous, and the mifearriage of the feffion will be imputed to this woollen bill's being crammed down their throats, which (as it is re prefented) they are willing to fwallow, to the fame effed in their own way. And if it ffiould be fufpeded, that the Parliament in Ireland ffiould not be fincere in their intentions in propofing effec- . tual heads for a Woollen bill, one may be framed in the Council of Ireland, and approved here; and fo might be tranfmitted with an order from^hence, to be obferved in cafe the other were too long delayed, but with a liberty to the Lords Juftices in Ireland, to defer prefenting k, in cafe they fhould pafs another, proceeding origi nally from the Parliament there, which would be as effedual and more likely to pafs. Shrewsbury. - STATE PAPERS. Lord Somers to the Duke of Shrew/bury * My Lord, JAM extremely glad of the favour of your Grace's letter by Mr, Stone, hecaufe it would give me a pretence of troubling you with a letter, which I have wiffied for a good while. Since that, Mr. Secretary * fhewed me a letter of your Grace's to him upon the fame fubjed. I apprehended your thoughts to be the fame, as they appeared to be by the fecond letter. The chancellor f of Ireland wants extremely fome pretence, whereupon to lay the blame of the mifcarriage of this feffion. He alone advifed it, and undertook it ; unlefs it be true, which fome fay, that my Lord Coningfby went into it at laft, and thereby de ferved the whole office of paymafter. Whether that be fo or not, I do not know, but the undertaking ofthe former, did not only give him a great credit, all the laft year, hut has drawn the King into all the inconveniencies, which an abrupt feffion, the fending the French troops into Ireland, and the difappointment of their being provided for there, may probably bring upon us. The council had paffed both the bills a week before I heard there would be the leaft oppofition to either; fo that it was not poffible to forbear to fend them ; but they are tranfmitted under two diftind Great Seals,- that fo they may be at liberty, to ad as they pleafe, in offering them to the Houfe of Commons ; with a letter to the Privy Council of Ireland, to put them in mind, that the bill for impofi- tions on the woolen manufadure did not arife from hence ; that we never heard of it, till the Chancellor propofed it to the juftices here, . as the proper Money Bill to be offered, to exclude the fole right, • From the contents of this letter, it appears to have been written towards the clofe of die year 1698. •Vernon. f Methuen. Vol. II. 3 K and 433 WILLIAM III. 1698. < „— -J 434 STATE fAPERS; william and as a thing agreed to by the gentlemen' inlreland; and' that thV TIT * • 1698. Lords Juftices: then told him; they would not pretend to give any ' lf~^~/ opinion of a matter, which was only proper for the Lords* Juftices» and council of Ireland, who knew mens thoughts of fueh a bill. The letter further adds, That the juftices have had: no option of the bill; the duties laid by it being in no fort fufficient to bring' the manufadures of the two kingdoms tp a. par ; fo that if they fhould be of opinion, that the bill for encouraging the Heien manus fadure was fuch a money bill, as would fecure the King's pDecogasK tive, which they knew was* all that the King expeded from thenv they might ad as they pleafed. , The bill impofes fome pecuniary penalties, indeed, which of later the H;oufe of Commons in Eaglinjii, In their d^uttfs with, thg Lord^ call a Money Bill ; but furely the: Commons in Ireland did never; think of carrying their fole right fo far. It does alfo impowBr the Cirand Juries in the feveral counties^ to affefs a fiunfiar buiidingi work-houfes. If that would make it a Mo^aey. Bill, there were maA. ny Money Bills paffed in'England laft winter ; but there is. not asyft thing granted to the King by the bill,' We have alfo fent the letter from the privy-council to thelring^ with a defire of knowing his pleafure upon the whole,, as to the- fending orders into Ireland. How much is reafonably to be expeded from- the Houfe of Com* mons, your Grace will judge by the laft letter; for- they have voted a fupply of a hundred and thirty-eight thoufand nine hundred and feventy- eight pounds, which will' go but -a little way towards paying an eftablifhment, which the King intended fhould be offered' to them (though it be not) reaching to three hundred thoufand' pounds, as to the military part only. Yet the attempt for an gddrefs to difband the French regiments, though it was carried againft It by twenty- nine votes, and the oppofition the other matter had in the Committee "'S TATE PAPERS. 43$. Committee and the Houfe, where it was carried for agreeing with william the Committee by twenty voices, feem, in my thoughts, to forbode , 'M- but very ill. i I afk your pardon for having troubled you fo long with Ire land ; but I hope your Grace's letter will help me, in fome fort, to anexcufe. Forgive me, if I add one thing more, which is, That it has been long my opinion,1 that this nation was not likely to fee that kingdom tolerably fettled, unlefs we could fee your Grace at the head of it. , I* do not repeat this with' any impertinent defigri of drawing you from your prefent retiremenftiil you think fit; much' lefs to befug- gefting it to others, to renew their importunities, which have made you very uneafy. But I hope you will give me leave to beg your advice, what part I am to ad upon the King's coming home. I own myfelf to be en tirely at a lofs, what is to be aimed at It is as yet uncertain, what will be the temper of the Parliament. The eledionis were made ori an ill foot; uoeaftnefs at taxes, and the moft dangerous' divifion of a court and country party ; fo that there is reafon to doubt of. the Ixehavionr of many of your beft friends. The King would in- no fort declare Himfelf before he Went: I fuppofeyto fee which fadion would get trie better upon the ftrug- gle. Whether he will ndtfif ftill upon the Tame reafon, till he fees the event df the feffion, is1 hard to fay. A't prefent he is withouf'ahy thing, which has the appearance of a miniftry. The plain confequence of which is, that every body,^ {feeing the little credit tfiofe have who ferve him) is in a manner, invited to endeavour to ruin or expofe them. If one could have his wifh,. it is very hard to find men to fupply even prefent vacancies ; efpecially confidering the1 King's prejudices to fome, and his fondnefs for others, arid the power which my Lord o K 2 Sunderland 436 &T ATE PAP E R Si william Sunderland ftill has. There is nothing to fupport the Whigs, but "98. the difficulty of his piecing with the other party;- and the almoft: ' » ' impoffibility of finding a fet of Tories, who will unite. £0 that, in the end; I conclude it will be a pieced bufinefs, which will fall afunder immediately. The cafe of Mr. Montague*', I fear, will have a very ill effed for" us. I wifh -it may end well for himfelf. It was very fuddenly done, nor do I know how the King takes it. If he quits the trea fury, I fee no body likely to fucceed, who will go on in the fame- way ; and if he keeps both places, it will add much to that envy*, which is already too. ftrong, Mr. Montague f to Lord Somers.* My Lord, £ May z, 1700.- T CAME to town laft night upon a very extraordinary occafion;.* and finding you out of town, muft give you an account of it; After. I had taken my leave of the Duke of Shrewsbury; which was at dinner, he fent to fpeak with me; He feemed much furprized' with a letter he had juft received; from Mr.-Secretary §,¦ which he. fhewed me. In it Mr. Secretary tells him, that Lord Sunderland' has found out a method, whereby the feal may- again be put into^ your hands ; that my Lord Sunderland would have acquainted hinv- with it, if he could have feen him on Tuefday (for fie was then fick). and defired he would ftay till" to-morrow at Hampton-Court, that he might Inform him of it. He advifed with me what he fhould do j. he had taken leave of the King, and had no pretence to ftay. This . • Mr.. Montague refigned his feat at the with his friends, was • deservedly blamed treafury-board, to accept the auditor's officei for it. which was held for him in truft by his bro- f Afterwards Lord Halifax. ther Chriflopher. He certainly forefaw a % Lord Somers was removed at the end of ftorm rifing; but not confuting this ftep the preceding month. § Vernon. feem» STATEPAPERS. 437 feems only like a ffiift of Lord Sunderland to leffen the odium, and wjll am to be an attempt you probably would not like.- I did not know 1700. what to make of it ; but upon the beft confideration I then had, j.*" :*v""*'*' made no great account of the propofal ,- advifed him to go toWobourn^ and to write to Mr. Secretary, to explain the propofition ; "and, if he thought fit, to let me know what it was ; and promifed that, if he' did, and I thought it likely to fucceed, I would come over there to morrow night, and fetch him to finifh it This he approved, and wrote immediately to the Secretary ; and,. before he went away, fent the inclofed to me. I know not what- - to make of all this ; only one thing is plain, that it is not fettled^ who is to fucceed you, I am^come to town only to 'tell you this,. and fhall return to-morrow morning. I ffiould be glad of a line" from you, if you think there is^ any occafion for it I am,. - My Lord, Your Lordfhip's moft humble, and moft obedient fervant; Gha. Montagu£„- Duke of Bolton to< Lord Sowers* My Lord, $&- A CCO R DING to my promife, this is to acquaint you witk* what paffed between the Duke of Shrewfbury and me. As we' went to Mr. Montague's, he took an opportunity of opening him-- felf, and introduced it by faying, That if my Lord Rochefter came' in, he believed he ffiould prefs to have the Duke of Ormond go* for Ireland, but that the King himfelf was averfe to it of all things*-' So then he fpoke as to himfelf, and made all the affeverations_ in the world, that he never afked to go; but that the King fet my- LordSunderland*. Mr. Secretary Vernon, and my Lord Coningfby to* perfuade: 438 STATE PA P E R S. william perfuade him to it; and being jrefoived to quit his white ftaff, th«- 1700. .King made him a great many compliments, and faid that he woiald inot have him quite defert hisXervice^ and afked him, if he would go into Ireland ; and he anfwered, That his health would not per mit him : So then the King told him,, he, may be, might be better in the country, fo defired him to confider of it; fo, hefaid, to be eafy, he faid he would. That as- foon as fee came into the country, and heard the change that was, he immediately Wrote to the King, that he could juot goifor Ireland : fo upon this, I told my Lord, that, upon the grounds I writ him,. I thought fufficient for my fufpicioUi and that I had one thing more to confirm me; which Was, that my Lord Gall way writ me word, that the King had writ to him^ that He had refolved to fend his Lordfhip into Ireland,, and* that he had ac cepted of it. He owned,, that my Lord Gallway writ the fame to him. I think his great bufinefs was to load-me with ftrone affur-. ances of his friendfhip (which I am perfuaded of, if it does1 not in terfere with his defigns) though I am apt to believe, from words that he let fall, that, be has ftill thought of Ireland, ' We talked of -other things in general; and, in particular, I mentioned your af fair; and he laboured mightily to convince me, that my Lord Sun derland had no hand in the doing of it; and faid, that my Lord Sunderland came to him, and was the moftYurprifed in the world at ~ its being done in this manner ; and that' my Lord SunderUml "would have had the King fend for jom Lordfhip, and have told you, that, if you could have propofed^a faheme to car^y onhis bufinefs, and preferve yourfelf, he would come into it ; and upon this, it wa$- fuppofed you would have quitted. I am very glad, for your fake (fince. fo fatal a ffroke watPto be) that it wasdone in the manner it was. I find my Lord Shrewfbury goes, fome time this months to A^: ithorp, and told: me th«re was always a good cbtrefpondertee theffc- between them, which he fhould continue, and- not .meddle with' **- other STATE PAPE R S. 4] 9' mfier people. And faid, he believed that Lord *' would never join william in. with the Tory party ; for he was fure, his language was, at this very i70.-. time, otherwife; and he thought it was now high time to change his note, if he had any fuch thoughts. My Lord Shrewfbury was tp go to-day for London ; and he told me, juft asj we parted, that lie would be in Hampfhire again in a week or ten days; I muft beg pardon for this long letter ; but, it being in obedience to your commands, I hope you will pardon me, and commit this to the flames when you have read it; and be affured I am, v^ithout re~ ferve, and with great truth and refpedt, Moft faithfully you re, •> Sept. 1700. Bolton.- To Lord Somersi- P. S. I cannot help troubling your Lordfliip with a thought. It: feoks as if Lo«I~ Sunderland was not fo much diffatisfied with your feeing difplaeed, as he reprefented himfefif in the converfation with the Du&e of Shrewfbury fome time before the King was to leave Bug-tend. His complaint was, I find, that the method of doing it was no* his 1 and that he thought it flrange fas- all the world did} to difplace you, and not have fomebody ready to put in; and was ia hopes of finding a way to make your Lordfliip refign ; which, he is in the right, muft have been better for the King's affairs, as they defigned kt, but infinitely to your prejudice. So that I think my Lord Shrewfbnry has. feewed himfelf; and his juftification of my. tord Suaderland, in this affair, rather turned it harder upon him- mth me. I tell your Lordfhip thie out of the unalterable friendship and re- fpeerifh, with feveral other bad fymptoms, and am forced to quit this remedy. This ftate of my health making it very doubtful, when ;I -fhall return to England, I can no longer omit affuring your Lord ship of my moft fincere concern for what has happened. The above S T AT E P A P E R S. 441 above-mentioned caution hinders me from all I have a mind to fay ; WIlliam only I conclude, for good reafons, that no trial now, or at any other 17®' • time,? will follow upon the charge againft you. Though this, I know, is a mortification to you, yet yoii may comfort yourfelf with the thought, that in a little time mankind willcome to itfelf, and learn truth and juftice ; but, however, I cannot help referring to my old opinion, which is now fupported with more weight than I ever expeded ; and wonder that a man can be found in England, who has bread, that will be concerned in public bufinefs. Had I a fon, I would fooner breed him a cobler, than a courtier; and a hangman, than a ftatefman. I have conftant relations from Mr. Yard, of matters of fact ; but, at this diftance, thofe accounts cannot be fo exact or parti cular, as to give a true light how affairs ftand. If I could be ferviceable to your Lordfhip, Lord Hallifax, and even my Lord Orford, by writing to any friends, or by coming myfelf, if you think that ufeful to you, there is nothing in my power, I fhould not be ready to do, that might fhew how fincerely I am con cerned for you, how much I value your friendfhip, and with what efteem and truth I will ever remain, My Lord, Your Lordfhip's Moft obedient humble fervant, Shrewsbury. Vol. II. 442 WILLIAM III. T 17014. STATE P A. P E R. Si- Princefs Sophia to Mr. Stepney*. •{Tranfcribed from the original, in Lor4 Somers/'s. Handi]- Monsieur, 1'AI lu avec bien du plaifir fe livre $s. voftre lettre,. Je YQlfcr , drois que les raifonnemens du pr,emie,r fuffent auffy vraifemr blades, comme 1'a.utre eft obligeante pour rnoii 8f que, je ppu,r.r.ojs, vivre affez long, temps, pour avoir lieu- de reconnoitre pat des; feryices, l'affe£tion que vous me temoignezj fans deroger un mo ment de vos annees, dont vous me patroiffez vpujpi^ eftre trop liberal. La complaifance ne pourroit aller plus loin, et vous ne poutriez rien dire de plus obligeant pour moi, dont je vous dois une reconnoiffance infinie; auffy bieri que de tout ce que vous- m'ecrivez. • Si j'etois trehte annees plus jeune; j'aurois affez bonne opi nion de mon. fang & de nia religion, 'pour croire, qu'on pen- feroit a moy en.Angleterre. Mais ' comme ril y a peu d'apparence1,. que je furvive a deux perfonnes f, beaucoiip plus jeunes, quoique plus maladives que moi, II eft a cr'aindre, qu'aWres ma mo'rtr on regardera mes fils comme' des eftrangers, "&' dOnt l'aine effi: bien plus accoutume a trencher en fouvprain q.ue le pauvre prince de Galles, qui eft trop je une pourr profite'r de l'exemple du Roy de France, et quiferoit apparemment fi aife de recouvrir ce que le Roy fon pere "ai ihconfiderement perdu, qu'on feroit avec 1'uy tout ce que l'on voudroit. Mais la Prevention fait tout en Angleterre ; et pour me tenir a ce que vous en dites, fans. m'embarquer a raifonner par lettres, je vous dirai que ma fille m'a entrainee icy J, ou elle a pri$ les eaux 3 femainesj . et que- * Though this letter has no date, the contents prove that it was written in the fummer of. , »70I» t The King and p.rincefs. Anne.. J:Pyrmont. nous- 9 S T A T E P A P E R S. 443 •fiOhs partiroris luridi poiir nous rendre par Briiffelles en Hoi- william lande, ou" noiis aUron's l'honheur de" voir le Roy. 170'. Je ne fuis pas' fi philofophe, oii fi etourdie, comme1 vous pouvez cfbire,J que je* ri'aime entendre parler dune coiironhe, et' que je ne faffe reflection fur ce jugemerit folide que vous faites fur ce fuject. II me femble, qu'en Arigleterre, il y a tant de Factions, qu'on ne ptrtffe eftre afluree de riem Cela n'empeche pas, que je ne dois, eftre fort obligee a Ceux qui tefmoignent de l'affection pour moi et pour rhes Defcendahs", dont je vous dois en particuher tenir conte toute ma vie ; et je trouve qu'il y a beaucoupr de plaifir d*eftre redevable a une perfonne de voftre merite, a qui on aime de l'eftre. SrO'PHIE Elect'rice.' A Monfieur MoriGenr Stepney, a Lohdres. w King JP'illidm to Lord Sunderland ¦ * '. Loo, September the iff, i'70i'.— Received the iotli. /E are exfremely" concerned not' to have heard from you, and it is earneftly' defired you would inform us, what condition things ate in,- What peopleMfay, and that you would' give your ad-" vice upon it. It is very much unrefolved what meafures to take. He fears "K if hej fhould quit' thofe he ndw employs, and that the' Others 'fhduldndt' be awe Jtoi ferve i him, that he fhall then have ho rfefotrree. This inclines him to try; again, What the prefent mini fters and their party will do ; with a' refolution to change upon' the" * King William was' at this time in : the' relates to a change in the miniftry, in favour hands of the Tories. The correfpondence of the Whigs. that Jiow follows in 1701, between him, Ro- t The king* beft featf 'of Sunderland, and Lord SonTers, 3 L 2 firft 444 STATE PAPERS, WILLIAM firft occafion they, fhall give. He; is undetermined, whether he 1701. fhould call a new Parliament ; the Tories giving him great hopes* and making him great promifes. He is advifed to offer an act of grace at the meeting ofthe Parliament, as a means of reconciling. matters. Upon the whole, he earneftly defires you will give yout opinion* and as foon as poffible. Anfwer by Lord Sunderland. September the irth, 1701^ J^ VERY thing- here is much au when you left England; only the miniftry grows more hated every day, and more expofed*. But fince you defire to know the thoughts of people,, you fhall h though what is faid or writ of this kind is feldom kept fecret, whicta is fo unpleafant, that if any word of this paper fhould "be trufted to* any perfon whatfoever, except and there is for ever an ends of this and all the like commerce. It is faid, the King'f is perfuadecb ftill to try the fame party, and the fame minifters ; becaufe, if he- changes and fails, there will be no refource; which is as much as to? fay, continue in the hands of your enemies, for if they do not fave: you, you may return to your friends, who will ; which is a fort of reafon which ought not to be anfwered,. but biffed. But the argu* ment may be carried further ; as that if the King employs the Whigs,, and they cannot or will not help him, he may always be welcome. to the other*, whenever he will alter the Lieutenancy of London* break the ecclefiaftical commiflion, and that party in the Houfe of Lords who laft feffion declared themfelves againft. France ; and, in. Jhort, give up the whole power to- them, + Here and in many .other places in- the was meant the King.; and it-ha* been filled" original was left a blank, by which it is plain, up accordingly. 8' Another &TAT"E PAPE RS.. 44$ Another dangerous opinion the King is led into by flams and william.. Res, that,, if thofe he now depends- on do not act. as they promife,, 1701 • he can try new meafures in the middle of a feffion, which is impoffir ble ; and that he muft know, if he pleafes to reflect. He will be wheedled, and complimented, and cheated, and at the latter end* ruined. Can he forget how the Tories agreed to the ten thoufand: men, and' the addrefs to enter into affiances with the emperor f Was it not becaufe it would have been done without them, and that they were frighted, out of their wits, and to oblige, him to* thank them at laft, that they might go into the country with- ^afety?, Are not their promifes on the fame account, and becaufe- tftey dread a new Parliament ? Can he forget the pains that: were taken after the King of Spain's death, to perfuade the: world, that all was well, and nothing would be" fo fatal as m war ? What a fine fpeech was made for him at the opening ofT the Parliament ; four month's after the King of Spain died, and a* fortnight after the French were actually poffeffed of Flanders ?? Or that, during the feffions, the minifters told him every day»- they nor their party never would come into a war, of which; mind they are fo much now; that yet they continue to fay? it will undo us? And if they are any ways forced into it,. it will be" with a defign of raifing money, which fhall both; he infuflicient, and laid fo as to be the moft uneafy to the people that is poffible. But to what purpofe is it, fo much,. as to" think of any thing of this kind, when,., after a thirteen. years experience, the King will not judge right of things- he knows; but will be undone infallibly by believing himfelf' more cunning than a whole party, by whom he is befet, and* who wheedles him every day; and" of which, in his whole reign, he never yet could: gain any one man ? The King; ought to. confider, that, moft luckily for him,, the whole mo derates ST A T E PAPE RS, derate church party, who are not Jacobites, are joined with the Whigs; but he will be deceived, if he reckons they will help to eftabliffi this miniftry, which they think would ruin Eng land, and hang them. Some would have the King to offer an act of indemnity, at the firft meeting of the Parliament, whoever are minifters; and it may do well, though neither party will like it. For the- Tories will not be fatisfied without ruining, my Lord Somers, nor the Whigs without undoing the minifters; in which the latter think they have the whole nation on their fide. But at laft, what can the King do ? He muft certainly do what may determine him to take his meafures. For example j let him come into England as foon as he can, and immediately fend for my Lord Somers. He is the life, the foul, and the foirit rof his party, and can anfwer for it ; not like the prefent mi nifters, who have no credit with theirs, any further than they can perfuade the King to be undone. When his,, majefty fpeaks to my Lord Somers, he ought to do it openly and freely; and afk him plainly, what he and his friend^ can do,., and. will- do,, and what they expect, and the methods they, would propofe. By this the King will come to make a. judgment of his- afV * fairs; and he maj be fure,, that my Lord Somers. will defire nothing for himfelf, or any of the impeached Lords, hut will, take as much care not to perplex the King's .bufinefs; as can be defired f and if he can do nothing, his, majefty fhall like, he will, remain •fliU zealous and affectionate to his perfon, and,? government. This is thought to be the beft- way the King can, take.; and per haps the only means of being able to refolve with, reafon. .- It .ffiould be .confidered, that by the prefent miniftry, the. Tories have ^infinitely STATE PAPERS. 447 infinitely loft their credit, and the others have in proportion gained. wjLLIam It is a melaucloly thing, that the King, who has more underftaKld- 1701. ing than any body who comes near him, is impofed on by mounte banks, or by fuch as, he himfelf knows,, hate both his perfon and* his government L * From Lord Sunderland to Lord Sother'r.- Sept. 15. *TpFTE ihclbfed Papers * fhould have been delivered to you by a- friend ;. hut tl\e perfon who was to have carried them to himy Being out of town,', it was thought better to fend them to you di- redtlyr Among all' the pamphlets whielr are come out, there ought to have -been one, to have particularly; explained the, proceedings of the prefent miniftry, which begun at the King's return laft „year' from* Holland. The breaking: the laft Parliament ; the late meeting of- thls; the care which was taken by them and their friends upon the: death ofthe King- of Spain to perfuade the world that all was well,- and that a war. would undo us; how, by- this management, the; French poffeffed themfelves of ElanderSj before the meeting of the- Parliament; which was thought of fo little importance to England^ as not to be worth mentioning, in the King's fpeech ; all which dif- h'eartened fo much our allies abroad, that the King of Portugal,* defpairing, made a treaty with France ; - and many Princes befides, . thought it beft to be neuter. The late meeting of the Parliament-: made it impracticable for England to be of any ufe abroad this year,, - d ?' The two preceding .Letters. eitlierr ,44.8 STATE PAPER S. william c-uher by fea or land, there not being time to conclude treaties with 1701. the Emperorand other Princes, without which war could not be de** clared Lord Somen to Lord Sunderland. Sept. 20« ^pHE perfon, who has had the honour to receive the packet, defires to put the writer in mind, that, upon their laft con verfation, it was agreed, there fhould be a perfonal friendfhip be tween them, independent on all public matters. He takes things to ftand upon that foot ; and as he has always piqued himfelf orr acting the part of a friend very ftridly, where he has made the pro- feffion, fo he doubts not but this will be reciprocal. Freedom muft be the neceffary confequence, and he expects to be freely reproved when he is wrong at any time, as well as plainly inftructed ; making, once for all, this exprefs declaration, that he will never be concerned, more or lefs, in any thing relating to the public, but in concurrence with, and under the direction of, the perfon who fent the packet. He is forry to read the paper which came from beyond fea, though he did not hope for much, confidering how things had paffed this fummer, both here and abroad. The anfwer he thinks to be written with all the good fenfe and good meaning poffible. He likes every word in it, but what relates to himfelf; and, to put in practice the freedom he thinks fo neceffary, that is wrong throughout. What -is faid of him does not belong to him, nor can he perform that which feems to be expected from him. The King and the fender of the packet both know he never could, fior would, be a leader; and having declared under whom he has lifted jhimfelf, lie hopes the part affigned him will be fuch, as may be practicable STATEPAPERS. 449 practicable by one of his natural temper, and in his prefent circum- willhm fiances. He knows the King's humour well enough to be fenfible 170*1. how little any thing faid to him will fignify, if it be but poffible for him to think the perfon who fpeaks may have fomewhat of his own intereft in view ; and he appeals, whether in the condition he is now taken to ftand, any thing material can be faid, upon which fuch a conftruction may not be put ? He does not fay this to decline waiting on his Majefty if it be thought neceffary ; and, in that cafe, will certainly fpeak his opinion clearly. But if that be the meafure to be taken, he then depends upon re ceiving another letter, wherein the particulars of what is to be faid be fomewhat explained^; he not only defiring, but infifting upon it, that he may be certain he fays nothing at fuch a conference, without the full concurrence of the perfon by whofe meafures he has refolved to act. He fays, that, under the King's prefent refolution, there is but one man living can determine him to take vigorous meafures, and con fidering who are about him, the fame perfon only can keep him 'fleady. This is as certain as any thing in nature; fo. that, what foever is attempted, unlefs that perfon does actually take a part, will infallibly prove infignificant. This he does not fay to decline any thing of which he is capable ; but upon the deliberate weigh ing of the whole matter, and not without fome regard to the parti cular intereft of the perfon himfelf, for which he will always be fin- cerely concerned. If the prefent Parliament be to continue, he thinks that perfon would be in the wrong to appear ; but he is of a quite different fen timent, if it fhould be refolved to have another. He knows there is a very general good difpofition in the Whigs to unite in that per fon, which he fays would have appeared in a very evident manner before this time, if he himfelf had not been tied up fo very ftrict- ly, as he was, from letting the good defigns of that perfon be more Vol. II. 3 M underftood. 450 S T AT E PAPERS.- william underftood. He leaves if to that perfon to judge, whether this 17.01. conduct be perfectly right/; beeaufe at the fame time the thing is made a myftery to friends, who ought not to be ignorant, the ene- miesMo pofitively take it for granted, and intend as malicioiafly to him, as is poffible. It is fit the perfon fhould be informed of this matter of^fact, which may be depended upon to be certainly true. This being the cafe, if another Parliament come to be refolved upon, why fhould not that perfon come to town as others do, fince the fame construction will certainly be made in the one cafe as in the -other? This matter is entirely fubmitted to the perfon 's own judg ment ; but he afks leave to fay, that, without this, in the prefent juncture, nothing can be brought to pafs effectually for the good of England. He fays, it is certainly true, which was faid in the anfwer, that nothing would be afked for any of the Whigs, as alfo what was promifed for him, as to his zeal and affect ion* for which he returns humble thanks. By the letjer and anfwer, be thinks' the news was come to neither of the parties, of the two great incidents ; that of the edict about the trade of England, and that of the death of King James, and the acknowledging the Prince of Wales. He thinks thofe things cannot but have confiderable effects both with the King and with others here. The affociation is in a manner ^t an end. The renewing that, or the carrying it yet further, may perhaps be practicable. Poffibly this may be the right occafion to be taken for making thofe things general, Which have moved fo fluggifhly hitherto. This time feems perfectly right, if the thing could fucceed. • ' Such a paper as is mentioned is,, above "all others, wanting; if .any ways could he found to procure it, A thisg of that nature has been promifed. STATEPAPERS. 451 Lord Sunderland to Lord Somers. WILLIAM 1IJ. 17©!. oa. 1. HP HE friendfhip mentioned is extremely valued, and looked upon to be for ever eftablifhed. Coming to town is allowed to be . unneceffary, unlefs there is a new parliament ; and if there is one, no help will be wanting. For the King will certainly engage thoroughly in the true intereft of England ; which being all that is defired by that perfon, his refolutions continue the fame, of not meddling, or doing any thing that can look like it. If the King, when he fpeaks freely, as it is fuppofed he will, be plainly ffiewed What is fit, arguments, drawn from what any ,body elfe thinks, will be of little ufe ; and the lefs fo, becaufe he will not doubt of the concurrence. The great care ought to be, not to infift on things that are not abfolutely neceffary, but to make him find as much eafe as may be ; for, if the main be agreed to, all the reft will foon fol low. And if it fhould not be at firft, if there is a good and practi cable foundation laid, the firft accident makes it fure. The renewing the affociation, and carrying it further, is neceffary, and will have abundance of good confequences ; and perhaps might beft be begun in the Houfe of Lords; as likewife the engaging againft France, and finding fault with the miniftry; but it is thought ndthing will be well done without fuch a paper as has been be fore wifhed for. Lord Somers to Lord Sunderland. oa. 3. HPH E great point is a new Parliament, or not. One fort of men fay, that is determined in the negative. If fo, there is little room for deliberation. & M 2 If 452 STATE PAPERS. William If that point be not refolved, as the paper feems to" admit, it is hi." _ m i7ot. alfo thereby admitted, that all the help will be wanting to fix fuch a refolution. It is only one man's reafons and credit can do it, and he muft be left to take his own methods to bring it about. Upon fuppofition that the King will talk freely with a certain perfon, he very earneftly renews his requeft, that he may be in ftruded what arguments will be moft proper and likely to be moft effectual ; and what is to be offered as a practicable foundation. It is certainly right, that the King fhould find as much eafe as can be ; and that nothing but what is abfolutely neceffary fhould be infifted: upon, and other things left to accidents; but it is depended upon, that this fhould be explained, otherwife the, perfon is-wholly deprived of the only affiftance he values for his. conduct. It is not neceffary to come to a refolution prefently, as to things which are thought fitteft to be attempted in the Houfe of Lords firft. The paper * defired would certainly have a good effect. It was promifed, and it is believed to be ready printed. But for fome reafons which the writer conceals, it has not. yet appeared; and there is a doubt when it will. The. King to Lord Sowars*. A Loo, ce Oft: 10, t7or. J' AY charge Mr. Gallway de vous parler de ma part, avec beaucoup de franchife. J'efpere que vous adjouterez une entiere creance a ce qu'il vous dira ; et que vous voudrez bien en ufer avec fa mefme franchife, fans aucune referve, et efke perfuade de la continuation de mon amine. . , William R. •¦It is th'6ught a t pamphlet called Angui, fr Herba, published among the trafts at that time, is the paper here alluded to. * l STATE PAPERS. 453 WILLIAM Lord Sunderland to Lord Somers* 17°^ < — „- — ' oa. zi. A N anfwer is come to that letter, of which an account was given.. The King is refolved to difcourfe fully and plainly, with all the good inclinations poffible, and knows that the two friends are of a mind in every particular. Heads of Lord Somers s arguments to induce the King toj call a new Parliament. HE prefent ferment and difpofition of the nation. ift, Art of governing in England,, is watching and ufing filch- opportunities. - " 2d. Thefe opportunities- do not laft. 3d; Neglect of making ufe of them always muft turn to difadr- ^antage ; I. By difobliging the zealous; 2. Encouraging the ill-meaning y 3. Creating the jealoufies ofthe King and his meafures. Ath. The like opportunities not to be had again, there being- no- like occafion in view. rth. Laft year's argument, to begin a war with a new Parliament: ftronger nOw ; and why ffiould it not have the fame effect ? 6th. It may laft for three years, upon a good choice ; in which time, the greateft difficulties may be over: and the funds will be fo near difengaged, as to give an- encouraging profpect. 7th. Reafon to depend on a good Parliament, when fb good an inclination in the people. Bifhops defire it. We may have their help- Court and country not the prefent queftion.. 8ih. No. 454 STAT E P APE RS. W«unIAM ^th# ^'° hazar(1 5 for let tne maJor-ty fau as Jt wul» the Prefent 1701. temper will force them to do what the King will defire. *" - Qtht But the majority will be fure, if it be confidered upon what foot it was underftood the laft Parliament was chofen,; and^ yet hqw fmall a majority, and how obtained. v ./' Prefent Parliament, 1 ft. Their inclination has appeared agajnfl; a war to demonftra- tion ; and though they fay now it is unavoidable, their opinion is againft it. 2d. Great number engaged for the Prince of Wales. Their difcourfes., &c. 3d. Delays both as to, the meeting of the. Parliament, and to the perfeding the fupplies ; fo as no lefs than a miracle, all was not loft. .;]} 4th. Unneqeflarijjy l^anhjgt on fuch a fupply, as makes it more difficult to go on with a war. 5th. The King to confider how far he and .Europe are ih their - hands;, and can dependr on their promifes,. T.~, 6th. Their inclination being manifeftly againft the King,; if they- comply, . it is but the effect of fear, and that will continue on a new choice ; and be more, as ahe choice is. better. 7th. If they are fincerely for a war, and in the King's intereft, , they will act the feme part in another Parliament; 8th. They have no reafon to refent the diffolution, no more thafi the other party had the kvft yean gth. The Whigs will look upon themfelves as utterly abandoned, when neither the King's vifible intereft, nor the manifeft fenfe of the nation, will induce him to give them quarter, and will be only thinking of meafures to procure fafety. 10th. Friends abroad will defpair. nth. More likely to difpofe people towards a union on the foot of a new Parliament. 7 ' 1 2th. Whigs STATE PAPER S. 455 12th," Whigs leave him entirely to his own fcheme on the plan WiLLl^ «f a new Parliament. .,70I*. 13 th. But to fet himfelf and his people at eafe, he muft truft *~~ ^~" thofe whom the body of the people do not diitruft, Obj. They, i. €. the Tories, promife, ift. To provide for the war* ad. Not to difturb or revive differences. They can give no fecurity, but their bare promife. — —To truft them, is to put the fate of Europe in their hands. Neither their will, nor their power to be depended on.—- — %k>t their will, if it can be confidered, how their party is compofed ; for,, without the fvofefled Jacobites, they are nothing Will the King truft to a majority made up of Jacobites, to make effectual provifions againft France and the Prince of Wales ? Will he believe the Tories will" quit them, and fhew themfelves to be no confiderable party; or Nwill he depend upon the affecfio.n of the Whigs to affift them to efta"- blifh a miniftry which has no mercy nor juftice ? Will the King ' go upon an uncertainty, when he need not ? It is in the power of one fide to interrupt as well as the other. -Muft expect to com ply throughout with them *, for-they diftruft him." Their power not to be depended on. That can no more be depended on now than laft year ; when, as they, pretended, they could not govern their own party as to the violences, It is in the power of every man, and who can undertake for that ? Not the fame cafe in an other Parliament, which may difavow the unjuft and violent pro ceedings, which this cannot. Dangerous to venture the difpute upon a point of privilege, when a party is lifted and engaged to de fend what they have'done. Will never take up this but late Will never take up a quarrel, but upon a popular point; nor poffible to hinder, but (hat fuch an opportunity they may give themfelves.-— * The Tories. , Great M 4$6" S T A T E P A P E R 5: william Oreat hazard then of ill elections. For the choice always fo, when 1701. a Parliament is diflblved on a popular point. Lords cannot recede without titter ruin of the conftitution. Obj. Firft, Shortnefs of time : Second, King's approbation. Anfw. to the ift. Cannot have this Parliament under three weeks, and may have the-other in fix f.—— Neither can do more than vote before Chriftmas. New one will have done more before Febru ary is over. Friends abroad more fatisfied with a new Parlia ment, than fuch a little time gained. As to the 2d. Have had nothing elfe to depend upon this fum- mer ; people fee through it. Ja. H.'s * addrefs.— — -The great alteration, which has happened by the declaration of the Prince of Wales, and addreffes thereupon. f This fixes, within a very few days, the of that month) and the new one met on the date of this paper. The old Parliament was 31ft of December. diflblved on the nth of November (the ¦• I fuppofe Jack Howe, a noted leader in King having landed from Holland on the 4th the Houfe of Commons. STATE PAPERS. 457 William , ni. Lord Sunderland's advice to Lord Somers*. , l?olm 11TE defires Lord Gallway fhould fay publicly, that he was to defire him and Lord Sunderland to come to the King ; but he would not change his mind. He defired others to make the fcheme for the miniftry, and conduct of the Parliament without him, and propofe it to the King. What he thinks is, the laft Parliament was fuperior for the King -and the Whigs, as appears by the carrying the words of the peace of Europe *j" $ and by the majority Lord Somers had the two firft limes he was attacked. The next Parliament will be the fame. The King1 and the Whigs will have the majority if the King will. It is probable that the elections will be good, and that the Whigs will be confiderably the ftronger f. yet nothing is to be neglected to arrive at it. The King being engaged, it is neceffary that he fol-* lows the advice of the Whigs, and fortifies them with all his power, as far as common juftice and the law will allow. There is nothing more dangerous, than to let either party think the King is wavering; but it is better the. Whigs ffiould fear, than that the Tories fhould hope ; becaufe it makes them bolder and more diligent to hurt. This has been the caufe of the greateft part of the difficulties he has found during his reign. The encouragement he gives them, even in his dofet, is prejudicial, and becomes pre fently public. * The contents fupply the want of a date, afihred his Majefiy, " That they would fu.p- The paper was written foon after the diflblu- " port his government, and take fuch effec- tion of the 'Parliament in November, while " tual meafures as might beft conduce to the the elections for a new one were going on. ¦*' intereft and fafety of England, the prefer* , f In an add/efs, carried in the Houfe of " vation of the Proteftant religion, and the Commons, by a major«y- ofi&i to 160, they ** peace of Europe." Vox. IL 3 N By 458 S T.-A-T E - P: A PER S.-„ WILUAR? By tne fame ,-eafon the King ought never to endeavour to gain M-7-01. any Tory. He-.is a judge, if he has ever fucceeded" in thirteen years. He would do well to propofe. nothing of this to my Lord Ranelagh, Coningfby, or Godolphin ; at the fame time he ought not to fhut the door againft the Tories, but to recommend thofe who will ferve well, after the fervice- done. The King will alfo. do well to make ufe of thofe, who- are very capable of employments, provided.. they be not thofe who have diftinguiffied themfelves in Parliament againft him. ¦ He would alfo do well to tell the Tories openly, that he has called a new Parliament, by reafon of the ill-treatment he had from them during the laft feffion. He may mention particulars, which are too . -long to be inferted here. There is nothing more neceffary than to obferve a good method during the holding of a Parliament, and to forefee events, fo as not to be furprized, and to be in a condition to remedy them. The King and Lord Somers know the order which was obferved in 1696, , which had good fuccefs ; the fame method is to be purfued, and will fucceed; many depend immediately on the- King; an hint ought to be given him, that he may fpeak to them, and let them know- his intentions, and receive no excufe. The Tories are better fpeakers than the Whigs in the Houfe of Commons ; therefore, in the beginning, the Whigs ought to have fome remarkable advantage, which may give them that fuperiority, which may' help them to conduct the affairs during, the reft of the feffion. The nomination of a fpeaker, though it be very important, will not be fufficient*. * The Whigs propofed Sir T. Lyttleton for fpeaker, but Mr. Harley, whom the Torjej fupported, was chofen on a divifion, 216 againft 2 1 z. ± The STATE PAPERS. .450 The judgment of the Houfe of Lords in favour of the three william Lords impeached, gives them an occafion to renew the difference between the two houfes ; and an occafion fo favourable, that, if it be not prevented at the beginning, although the Whigs have the majority, the Tories will recover it in a fortnight. An act of grace puts an end to this in an inftant. There being an appearance of fuch a divifion between the two houfes in fuch a juncture, it not only becomes the King, but it is in fome meafure his duty to flop the confequences ; nothing being more indecent than to let his fubjects come to extremities, when he can 'hinder it. It is certain he ought to prevent thefe divifions and animofities. If another way be found more fure, more ready, and more expedient than an act of grace, it ought to be followed- If this be thought proper, this act ought to be fent to the Houfe of Lords, after the Speaker is chofen in the Houfe of Commons. It ought to be full, and extended as far as poffible, excepting thofe who have mifemployed the King's money, and thofe who have ferved, and been with King James fince the abjuration ; taking care, if they who may be accufed to ferve King James in England be not excluded, that it ought to be underftood, that the act of grace is not to fhelter them, but to put an end to the differences between the two houfes. As foon as the act of grace is palled, an abjuration ought to be propofed of the Prince, of Wales. This ought to commence in the Houfe of Commons, if it be difpofed. As foon as the Speaker is named, endeavour fhould be made to thank the King for his fpeech, and his diffolving the laft. It would be well for the King to give order to two of the cabinet to prepare the fpeech, as the Duke of Devonfhire and Secretary Vernon, and bid them confult in private Lord Somers, rather than to bring to the cabinet a fpeech already made. 3 N 2 This 460 STATE PAPERS. william This fpeech ought to give an account of the reafons of diffoTving; .1701". the laft Parliament, which are two ; the addreffes, as they are men* tionedin the proclamation ; but, above all, on account of the divifion of the two houfes at the end of the laft feffion, and to exhort them not to continue in fuch divifions ; and the King will confider of ways to flop them. It would be alfo proper to fpeak, in paffing, of the dangerous confequences to have a Parliament meet laft year four months after the death of the King of Spain, which, added to the inevitable delays, occafioned by the differences between the two- houfes, rendered the ' laft feffion ufelefs to the public good ; there. fore the King recommends to this Parliament, to difpatch the public affairs, arid to think of nothing elfe, till they have entirely concluded. He ought alfo to recommend the payment of the debts* to the end to afcertain and re-eftablifh credit. To confider alfo what is proper to be faid for maintaining the Proteftant religion, as well at home as abroad. As to places *, he is of opinion, the King fhould make the Duke*. of Somerfet, Chamberlain ; Lord Carlifle, Firft Commiffioner of the Treafury; the place of Secretary Hedges, to Lord Wharton; op at leaft to take the place from him, and to referve it to be filled? after. The Prefident of the Council ffiould not be in the commiffion of the Admiralty ; but would have my Lord Jerfey, Firft Commiffioner. * In the original, the names were only not Lord Wharton who fucceeded Sir Charles ' marked in initials ; they are filled up according Hedges as Secretaryr The Duke of Somerfet to the beft conjectures ofthe Editor. It muft was not made Chamberlain, but Lord Prefi- be owned, this was a very imperfeft outline dent, in the room of Lord Pembroke, who of an adminiftration, meant to be adequate to becameLord High Admiral. See the London fo great a crifis. It is to be obferved, how- Gaxettei of the timet The King's death fome ever, that this arrangement recommended by time after, put an end to thefe beginnings of Lord Sunderland was not completely adopted, a Whig adminiftration ; Queen Anne having Lord Carlifle, indeed, was made Firft Lord immediately, on her acceffion, brought the of the Treafury, in the room of Lord Go- Tories again into power. dolphin ; but it was Lord Manchefter, and Mr. STATE PAPERS, 461 Mr. Smith, Commiffioner of the Treafury in the place of Mr. Hill, william who may have a prebend or deanry. 17.01. None to be of the Cabinet Council, but who have, in fome fort, a right to enter there by their employment. v Archbifhop, Lord Keeper, Lord Prefident, Lord Privy Seal* Lord Steward, Lord Chamberlain, Firft Commiffioner of the Trea fury, Two Secretaries of State ; the Lieutenant of Ireland muft be there, when he is in England. If the King would have more, itr ought to be the Firft Commiffioner of the Admiralty, and the Mafter of the Ordnance. If thefe two are excluded, no one can take it ill, if he be not admitted. They may be fummoned, when any thing re lating to their charge is debated. It would be much for the KingV fervice, if he brought his affairs to be debated at that Council. He thinks all the King's good fervants ffiould be made to come up;> immediately ; to the end, to be at the opening of the Parliament. Among others Mr. Methwyn, and Major General Earl, though they be neceffary in Ireland. He thinks the government there ought to be left in the beft hand^ it could, till the end of the feffion; and then to fend fuch a governor as may continue. There ought to be a ftronger army there, of ten or twelve thoufand. To confider if this ought not to be fpoken of to the Parliament. He thinks a quota ought to be agreed upon, in mak ing the treaty with the Emperor. 462 S TATE ; PAPERS. WILLIAM III. 170 *!j Lord Sunderland to Lord Gallway. HIRTY-THREE does earneftly defire 30, 27, and all his friends, not to think of him, but to act as if h'e was not in the world. If he were worth- having, I would fay there is no way but to forget him, which was defired fo often, as you know at the beginning. But after all the clutter has been made, if he. ffiould juft now engage in bufinefs, it -would be pretending to miracles, which he is very unfit for- 27 has convinced 33, that what was thought of being done by 18 cannot ; fo that it muft fall, as being vain. Every letter that 33 receives, to perfuade him, that he is ne ceffary, contributes to the fixing him here; for he is no way capable of anfwering thofe expectations of furthering what is fit, and hinder ing what is not. If there had been lefs.buftle made about him, as was earneftly defired, he would have been ready to have complied by this time; but while he is to be flared upon, he cannot engage. 12 has a plain way to follow, and cannot. fail if he, pleafes; and yet he will not do thofe things which his own judgment leads him to, and which Lord Gallway faid he had refolved. When 12 has put his affairs into fome order, .33 may be perhaps of fome ufe ; and'as foon as that is, he will defire to be fent for as much as he now der fires to be forgot. 33 can fay nothing, but what he did to 30; only that he thinks no more of 37, nor of 18; yielding to thofe who are beft judges. Lord Somers, 27. Lord Sunderland, 33. Houfe of Lords, 18; King, 12, Lord Gallway, 30. Earl of Godolphin, 37. STATE P A P E R.S. 4<\> Lord Sunderland to Lord Somers. , *7' December 27th. V7" OUR friend is convinced that what was defigned cannot be done in the Houfe T)f Lords, and therefore it may be no more thought of. He is very forry to be preffed to what he cannot do; for he is very incapable of anfwering people's expectations, and does earneftly defire, that you and your friends may not think of him. For nothing, but being let alone for fome time, can make it poffible for him to be perfuaded to ftir. WILLIAM III. 1701. 464 $ TA TE PAPERS. ANNE. 1703-4. Lord Haver/ham * to Lord Somers. s My Lord, A FTER fo long an acquaintance, I take this to be the civileft w way of parting. I am very forry to fee, what I hoped I never Should fee, but muft fhut my eyes if I will not.' The intereft of my country, as it ever has, fo it always fhall govern me, without re gard to this or that man. I think this due to myfelf, and to your Lordfhip, to be acquainted with it, from Your Lordfhip*s moft humble fervant, • February 19th, 1703. . HAVERSHAM. Lord Somers to Lord Haverfkam. My Lord, JAM uneafy till I can let your Lordfhip know, fome way or other, the effect of what I faid yefterday. As foon as I could get an opportunity of fpeaking, after you expreffed yourfelf diffatisfied, I faid you were a perfon for whom I always had a great efteem and honour, and from whom I had received fuch obligations, even in that houfe, as I never would forget, and would not fail to return whenever it lay in my power; that therefore it was not poffible for • His name was Thompfon ; he had taken -firres, and though a diflenter, ended his po ft ftrong part with Lord Somers on his im- litical career, by voting for Dr. Sacheverel. -peachment, and incurred the refentment of The offence he took at fome words of Lord, the Houfe of Commons by it. Not being fa- Somers, was probably in one of the debates, tisfied with, the behaviour of the Whigs to- occafioned by the inquiry into the Scots plot. wards him afterwards, he fell into other mea- Vide the Journals 1703-4. Burnet. 7 me STATEPAPERS. 465 me to mean any thing, that ought to give you juft offence. This ANNE. was the fubftance of what I faid ; the perfon who prevailed upon v— -v — » you to go out of the houfe, was a witnefs of the impatience which I ffiewed, to explain this matter; and with his ufual candour, en deavoured, as I believe, to prevent your hearing it. I could not forbear faying this, that your Lordfliip may be affured, though I have of late not had the honour of converfing with you fo much as formerly, yet I retain the fame lively fenfe of your generous be haviour at the time of the impeachments, as if it paffed but yefter day ; and confequently can never, willingly, fay or do any thing which ought to difpleafe you, but retain a firm refolution of being, as far as you will pleafe to allow me, for ever, My Lord, Your Lordfhip's moft obedient humble fervant, SOMEKS. Duke of Argyle to Lord Somers. Edinburgh, 1706. T PRESUME your Lordfhip had an account of what paffed in Parliament laft Friday. The lofing of that vote was indeed very furprifing" to me, but much the more fo, upon account of its being loft by gentlemen's voting againft us who are in her Majefty's fer vice, which is intolerable; and if fuch perfons. are not turned out of their employments, it will not only encourage indifferent people to take liherties they otherwife would not do, but will make thofe who are firm, grow negligent ; for it is certainly the height of dif- eouragement to good men, to fee bad go unpuniffied. My Lord, I am preaching this doarine here every day ; but there is too little firmnefs among us to make it reliffi. My Lord Commiffioner does Vol. II. 3 O indeed 406 STATE PAPERS. ANNE. in(jee(j fay, he will be for turning them out after the Parliament. 170b. ¦ J . * . . Therefore, my Lord, 1 would, with great fubmiffion, propofe, that commiffions might be granted to others in their places, which may lie in my Lord Commiffioner's hands till after the Parliament. I ' need- not trouble your Lordfhip with their names, becaufe there are printed lifts of feveral votes. I fhall only mention one who hap pens to be a relation of mine, and therefore deferves the more to.be punifhed; his name is Urquhart, of Meldrum. I wifh, my Lord, every body would act the fame part in this matter as I do. But that I defpair to fee. We have to-day carried an alteration in the eighth article againft one moved by the oppofing party, which would indeed have been worfe ; though, truly, I think the one carried bad enough. I ftrongly wiffied to have paffed the claufe as it ftood ; but moft of her Majefty's fervants, being of another opi nion, I was obliged, though much againft my will, to fubmit, and fo voted for the leaft of two evils, as I have been forced to do in other cafes of the fame nature ; for I have from the beginning de clared myfelf, both in public and private, againft all manner of al terations whatfoever. I was glad to hear your Lordfhip was pleafed with what was done in Parliament in relation tO the difturbances in this country. If my advice had been taken, it had heen done fooner. But I need not fay any thing -of that matter; the parts which all acted are fo well known, that your Lordfhip will certainly hear of them from other. hands. I cannot, my Lord, but regret • my bad fortune, in being obliged to be here fo long ; for no Have was ever more weary of his galley, than I am of this place. But whatever is for her Majefty's fervice, I fliall always think it my duty to comply with, whp am, My Lord, With great refpct, your Lordfhip's moft obedient, and moft humble fervant, Ajigylj:. STATE PAPERS. 467 Lord Sowers to Lord Halifax *. May 28, 1706. T ACKNOWLEDGE the honour of your letter from Ofnaburg, dated the j 6th inftant, our ftile, which I received on Saturday. I am glad your Lordfhip has got very well fo far on your journey ; for I have been truly angry with Vanbrugh, who has detained you fo long; becaufe I cannot, but with a good deal of impatience, ex pect and defire your return ; not only upon the account of the plea fure which I can find no wheft but in your company, but for many other reafons which you can think fooner than I can enumerate ; particularly in refpect to the Union, where we meet with fome difficulties, which your Lordfhip could eafily folve." The fuccefs f (of which you have had, at leaft, as good an ac count as we, before this time) has been fo great and fo unexpected, and is already attended with fuch circumftances, that it will not be hard for* your Lordfliip to judge of us, as people incapable of judg ing or talking reafonably. When I confider the profpect you had When you parted with the Duke of Marlborough (I fhould rather fay what he had) and what has happened fince in fo fhort a time, I can only ftand amazed. Let that confideration engage your Lord fhip to think it very material to anfwer an inquirer two queftions ; firft what we are to do next? and, fecondly, what is moft wanted? Offend is the firft thing ; and I believe moft of the other places in Spanifh or Walloon Flanders ; fo the firft queftion goes no further. Your own good fenfe carries you on as far as it can go. But as there is fomewhat in finding out the fentiments o^" thofe where you * Lord Halifax wasemployed, at this time, Martbdrough's army. to carry the regency aft to the Court of Han- f The battle of Ramillies, fought on the over, and to execute fome commiffions (en 2^d of this month. pafant) at the Hague, and tie Di;ke o 3 O 2 • are, ANNE. 1706. 46B STATE PAPER?, anne. are, who know the common intereft and are alfo concerned: fo I 1706. think It would be of great ufe to draw your Lordfhip from different views, and to fee on which part it will make the beft picture. My fecond queftion is, What are we to afk ? for whatever that is, I be gin to think it is coming to the time ; whether it be money, whe ther it be places in Europe, any where elfe, or any thing at all * * * * * * * (Imperfect.) Lord Halifax to hord Sowers: My Lord, Wy~ J WAS refolved to follow your Lordfhip's advice as far as pof fible in finifhing the treaty* before I came over; I waited at the Hague for the Seffion ofthe States of the province of Holland, and I could not bring it to be confidered till Friday laft- Then they entered upon the examination of it, in a Committee firft, and. afterwards in the Affembly of the States of the province. They came there to an opinion for advice, which is to be kept fecret under ah oath ; fo that I am not certain what it was ; but I have reafon to think it was to this effe£t ; viz. that the Queen fhould be acknow ledged as a preliminary. When I came from Hanover, I found that they made difficulties in this;, they imagined the peace was to be made ljke that of Refwick ; that we were to ufe their interven tion ; and the Queen was to be treated with only as an ally to them, and to be acknowledged at laft when the treaty was figned. I confefs this way of difcourfe did a little provoke me;, and I thought it was not fufficient to anfwer their reafonings upon it off hand ; but I wrote a long letter to the Penfionary, that he might fhew to others- • This year, peace was offered by the French King, on terms which the allies though* proper to reject, to STATE PAPERS, > 469 to let th«m know, that the Queen and nation would never be con- a n n E. ^*" < 1706. tented to treat in this manner. It had fo much effect, that I heard « — *— — * no more of thofe arguments; they agreed, that the Queen ffiould be owned as a preliminary ; but ftill they thought it fufficient, and more proper, not to put it in the treaty, though they will neither fign the articles, nor conclude the treaty, unlefs it be clearly acknow ledged. There is no great difference in the manner. I fancy, they have made that alteration of the 6th article, and have added a claufe,. whereby the Queen Is to engage that fhe fhall procure for them a good barrier: I forefee no difficulty in this, for we fhall be as for ward as they to have the frontiers fecure. But there will be fome nicety in expreffing this; for if it be word ed in general terms, It will be very uncertain ; and if they name par ticular places which fhall be put into their hands, it will be very hard to agree upon them, and may give offence to fome others of the allies. In my opinion, they ffiould word this as ftrong, and as par ticularly as they pleafed ; for I think it is our intereft that their barrier fhould be as good as we can get for them ; and if they infift upon too much, it will be the greater tie upon them, not to make peace, till it is procured for them. Perhaps this alone is better than all the reft ; for if they are thus drawn in, at their own defire, to oblige themfelves not to run too faft into a peace, it were the moft defirable part of the treaty. My Lord, I muft beg your thoughts, upon this with fpeed ; for the whole affair will turn upon this. Helchin, a6th July. I wrote the former In my paffage to the camp, where I am receiv ed very kindly ; and I find the Duke agrees with me in my thoughts what will make things eafy. He is a little retarded by the want of water. In the mean time, the army is in motion, which is now come up within four hours of the town. He is very zealous in preffing his fuccefs, and has fo many defigns on foot, that I am in hopes you. 47° STATE PAPERS. A N N E. may be again furprized by his happy conduct. 1 cannot fay fo ^Xt-j much for fome others; the evil fpfrit takes place again amongft them ; and had they been left to model the government of the Spanifh Low Countries according to their own fancies, they would make them more uneafythan they were. The duties upon Englifh com modities are taken off. I am, My Lord, Your Lordfhip's moft humble, And moft obedient fervarit, Halifax. Lord Somers 's Anfwer. My Lord, T CANNOT fatisfy myfelf without acknowledging the honour of your Lordfhip's letter, though I am altogether uncertain whe ther this will reach you ; becaufe I think the latter part of your letter gives reafon to hope you may be with us fooner than I collected from the firft part. I am of your Lordfhip's opinion, as to penning the 6th article, concerning the barrier. The ftronger the better, if they and we mean the fame thing by that word ; but I am not fo clear as to that point in my own thoughts, fince I underftood they were fo forward in modelling the government ofthe Spanifh Netherlands ; and fince, you tell me, the evil, fpirit takes place again amongft them. Your Lordfhip, who knows how the article is worded, fees through this doubt of mine. I have always had a great dread of the beginning a treaty with France. I am in fome degree verfed in treaties of the laft age. The i French, S T A T E P A P E R S. 471 French, as foon as it is once entered into, will tranfact with parti- ANNE. , 1706. cular plenipotentiaries, and are more bufy in fhewing them their re- . fpective particular interefts, than in convincing the feveral commif fions : I could enumerate inftances of this kind, from the treaty of Veryins downwards. You can judge if there be any danger of this fort from the ftate of things in Holland. This feems to me the difference that is of moment, between a preliminary article, and an article of the treaty. You revive me by what you tell me of your hopes that we may be again furprifed. I have feen fuch great things, that I cannot but allow myfelf to carry my hopes to any degree. I cannot help wifhing to fee the foundations of fuch a, peace as may be lafting. It is he only can begin the work, we may affift and carry the found forward ; but from him it muft move originally ; and I cannot help wifhing very eagerly, though it is fearce poffible, that this wonder ful year (Imperfect,) Lord Halifax to Lord Somers. Oft. 3, 1706. T AM extremely troubled that you have been fo much out of order; but am glad your illnefs does not prove to be any thing of the flone. Indeed your Lordfhip did fet out in fuch bitter weather, that you might expect to catch cold. I have had one or two conferences fince you was here, of which Lord Sunderland undertook to give you an account. In the firft place, I delivered your fenfe as plainly and diredfly as I could exprefs it, and I find no reafon to change our refolution. In the 2d, I was fhewn Buys his letter, which was as mucin French, as if it had been writ by Aligre ; and it was anfwered as heartily and as refolutely as I defired ; and I hope, when Lord Marl borough: \ 472 STATE PAPERS- anne. borough fhall fee two fuch letters from hence, he will be Cautious of 17DJ. < Uri^f going into the fentiments of Holland, and they will not have cou rage to leave us in points fo advantageous to themfelves. I have had a packet from Newmarket with the Earl of Peter borough's letter, and others from Scotland. Thefe laft have no thing new, except complaints againft the advocate, who cannot be brought to affift, though he promifes not to eppofe. Duke of Ar gyle went down yefterday. ¦ * talks at the old rate, blaming every thing, and does not fpeak of one remedy : Lord Treafurer thinks it beft to inter cept him in. Italy ; and prevent him from returning, to which opi nion I readily concurred. There are fome ftrokes in his letter that are plain innuendoes, that either he intends to come hither to com plain, or he would have that noble Lord think he intends it. I have a long letter from, the Penfionary about our treaty, which fatisfies me extremely that my manner of ufing them has been right. Our backwardnefs in going on with that, and Lord Treafurer's refo- lute anfwers, have made them eager to finiffi this treaty. I cannot anfwer this letter without your affiftance ; and, I believe, if you are able to travel, this place will agree with you better than the country. You fee there are many things to fettle, and I expect to hear again from Newmarket;, when Buys his an fwer comes. I am, My Lord, Your Lordfhip's moft humble, and moft obedient fervant, Halifax. * Probably this blank is to be filled up with the none of Lord Peterborough. STATE PAPERS, Minutes of Lord Somers s Speech in the Houfe of Lords, on the Bill for abolifhing the Privy Council of Scotland^ and the Amendment, propofed in that Houfe> to give it a Continuance of feveral Months after the paffing of the Bill. 1707-8 * -' I ^RUE concern for preferving the public peace. Heartily X defirous of the Union.- — No lefs defirous to make it entire and complete. -Not at all perfect while two political adminiftra- tions fubfift. The true argument for the Union was the danger to both kingdoms from a divided ftate. Prince able, by the help of one, to enflave the other, and to effect another fort of union. The advantage of Scotland is to have the fame eafy accefs to the Prince; to. be under the immediate perfonal care of the Prince ; and not to owe their protection and countenance to any fubordinate inftitution. This was my argument at the Union. Will not prevaricate.^—; — Worfe ftate after the Union, if a diftinct adminiftration continue. Now no Parliament to refort to in Scotland.^ The marks of diftinction will Continue. Obj. This council is not a conftitution of ftate and policy, but, in effect, a foverejgn court of juftice to fee the laws effectually executed,- and for prefervation ofthe public peace. Thefe words, as extenfive as in Ordine ad Spiritualia. Unacquainted with Scotland, and have heard much of the fitnefs of fuch a Council for Scotland; but England would never agree with thefe courts that are mixed of ftate and juftice. Policy foon gets the better of juftice. We had a Privy Council in England with great and mixed powers. 1 * Vide Bifhop Burnet's Hiftory, vol. ii. p. 498. Vol. II. 3 P We 473 AN N E. 1707-8. ~ 1. " ' 1 if 474. S TA T E PAPERS. ANNE. we fuffered under it long and much. All the rolls of Par- \^t-> liamentare full of complaints and remedies; but none of them effectual till King Charles the Firft's time. -The Star Chamber was but a fpawn out of our Council ; and was called fo, only becaufe it fat in the ufual Council Chamber. It was fet up as a formal court in the 3 Henry VII. in very foft words; to puniffi great riots; to reftrain offenders too big for ordinary juftice; or, in the modern phrafe, to preferve the public peace : but in a little time, it made this nation tremble. The Privy Council came at laft ' to make laws by proclamation ; and the Star-Chamber ruinedv thofe that would not obey. At laft they fell together, but not without endangering the kingdom.— —The Prefident and Council- of the northern parts was another of thefe Councils under which we. have fuffered. There was a very plaufible pretence, for there- had been no fewer than fix rebellions in the North of England with in a very little time. The country was remote, and it was ne ceffary for the peace.- It began very gently, it was in effect no more than an ordinary commiffion of Oyer and ' Terminer ; only a charitable claufe was added of determining fuits and differences. where both the parties, or either of them, was fo poor, that they could.. not fue or defend themfelves at law. The Bifhop of Landaflv, a very pious good man, was made Prefident; and the moft popular gentry compofed the Commiffion. Who could' fufpect fuch a Council could laft long, or do much hurt ? But it could not be pulled, down; and, by degrees it grew to that exorbitant height, that the northern part of England could not bear it ; and nothing could cure the mifchief, but abolifhing it. It is remarkable that when the council was erected for the North, another was fet up for the Weft upon^he fame reafons ; theremote- nefs ©f the country and the care of the peace. But the weftern. gentlemen were fo wife, that they faw the danger.- They joined in, affuring the King they would be good fubjects, and begged to live under S T A T E P A P E R S. 47X under his immediete government and the known laws ; and it pre- a N n e. vailed ; and fo the country continued happy and quiet. I will mention but one other council that we had experience of in England ; and that is the prefident and council of the marches of Wales.' —That was an old court, In a manner from the con queft of Wales by King Edward the Firft. For the laws of the marches being very different from the laws of the principality, it was thought neceffary to fet up an authority that ffiould go through the whole. Henry the Eighth united Wales to England, and in the thirty-fourth year of his reign, that union was made com plete in every thing ; but there was one fhort unhappy claufe in ferred, that there fhould remain a prefident and council, with fuch officers and clerks as had been ufed. But this claufe made them find fmall benefit of the union. Perpetual complaints, perpetual encroachments. This council had power enough to invade the four Englifh counties next them, and maintained their conqueft with various fuccefs, as the prerogative run high or low. "And it was never finally taken away till the reign of the late King and Queen. This is a fhort deduction of the hiftory of thefe coun cils, with which this kingdom has been affli&ed.— — We were ne ver quiet till we were rid of them entirely. The great minifters always fupported them againft the ordinary adminiftrations of law. King James the Firft, feveral times convened' his judges to anfwer why they prefumed to grant prohibitions to them, and to the high commiffion ; which was another court, of the fame kind, and by the help of which, the crown in return for gratifying the ambition or fpleen of fome few clergymen, made ufe of them to torment * and ruin fome men that were out of fafhion at court, that could not he fo properly reached in the ftar-chamber.—*- Wales and our rYorthern countries are as far diftant from the feat of government as they were formerly, and yet no parts of the kingdom more peaceable. Hope Scotland, though a little farther northward, >..... 3 P 2 will A76 STATE PAPER S. ANN E. win be quiet and happy under the influence of; her Majefty, and ' U-^U~> her council of Great Britain, unlefs your JLordfhips fhall interpofe another council to intercept that influence. For my part, I can not agree to it ; I wifh North Britain as happy as England ; I meant it ffiould be fo in the union, and I will always do what lies in my little power that it ffiall be really fo.-^— Not capable of judging of the circumftances or difpofitions of Scotland ; but I fhould think the true way to make the union well relifhed, is to let the coun try fee plainly, that England means no otherwife- than fairly by them, and defires they fhould be in the very , fame circumftances- they are themfelves. If this bill be paffed, it will certainly be an awe upon ill difpofed perfons (if there be any fuch) to convince them, that, fhould they behave themfelves unpeaceably, the Parlia ment of Great Britain will be fure to make a provifion, an<$ perhaps fend them a council. ift Objection; That too fudden alterations are dangerous.— This is certainly true, unlefs where the moft manifeft danger arifes from the delay itfelf. What is effentially neceffary to the union, when the thing in queftion will make an apparent breach in? the union, as it will be, if the two countries ftand upon: different politic foundations, there it ffiould be all done at once, or at leaft a& foon as poffible, for delay will make it more difficult.— r— In the union of Poland and Lithuania, by keeping up their diftinct great offices of ftate, and their diftinct diets ; though there be one ge neral diet for their united country, their former manners of divi- fion are continued, and have occafioned perpetual diffentions and diffractions, in that imperfectly and unfkilfully united country, fo that they are much more unhappy than if they had ftill remained divid- , ed. — : — So great a good as the union cannot be too foon perfected. ad Objeclion ; We are in a time of war. That feems to be an argument why it ffiould be done now. Any danger, to the peace of North. Britain muft arife from foreign invafioh or domeftic trou bles* S.T A T E P A PER S. 477 bles. — —As for domeftic troubles, it is hoped they will be of little ANNE, confequence, unlefs we will fuppofe the council of Great Britain i,'7*^" '_, to be afleep; they will have a proper care and intelligence, and- it is not forty-eight hours difference. It is in her Majefty and the council of Greftt Britain, that the care of the public peace in all parts of the united kingdom is lodged. And their care is like to be much more fignificant and effectual.- As to any foreign inva- ,fion. 1 hope the enemies are not at leifure. We are better provided now than can be in time of peace ; for then we can have no ftanding forces. Whereas now there is a proper provifion made. If that fhould' really happen, our reliance will not be upon the orders or advices of the privy council in Scotland, but on the troops. v 3d Objeclion; What is propofed is only for a fhort continuance. 1 have fhewn, by Englifh experience, . how very difficult it is to get fuch an inftitution, once; made, to be laid down. 1 have mentioned feveral inftances. -There is fome danger in making it the intereft of thofe who are prejudiced in favour of a coun cil, that North Britain fhould not be very quiet. But it feems to me, that this very propofal gives up all that is effential in the queftion. If it be a good thing, why not to be continued ? If it be the defire of Scotland, why fhew them only to be taken away ? If they are afraid of the council, why fhould they be terrified with it, when it is not meant to continue ? 1 think you fhould expect fome clear account what is likely to happen in this fhort interval, that ffiould make it fo very neceffary to erect this fhort lived council. ift.-. Give me leave to fuggeft, that this bill fhews that it is not thoughtproper to be continued, in another place *i and by what I obferve, there is no inconfiderable number here who are no great friends to it. All who are for it at prefent, agree it is not fit to be continued, however ufeful it may be thoughtat this jundure. * The Houfe of Commons. 478 STATE PAPERS. ¦ anne. _«__Can there be much expected from an affembly fo fupport- ed, and fo oppofed ? They will be thinking more of what they may not do, than of what they ffiould do. — = — If we lay much ftrefs upon them, we fhall lean on a broken reed : a thing weak in itfelf, made weaker by refiftance. Secondly, do not know Scotland. If the peace cannot be kept without the council, the council ought to be continued. But then I think feveral things ought to be made out. ift, What thofe powers are which are fo abfolutely neceffary for prefervation of the peace. 2d, That as the law ftands in Scotland, thofe powers are legally lodged in the council. 3d, That thofe powers are not, nor cannot be fafely lodged in the privy council of Great Britain, nor in any of the judicatures or magiftrates in Scotland. 4th, That it be plainly fhewn, how in fo fhort a time the cafe will be altered, fo that it will become unneceffary.— — For other- wife, we are deluded, and are leading Parliament to agree to a temporary provifion upon reafons that muft have a perpetual con tinuance.- When thefe things are fully explained, I affure you I ffiall be as much for this method of preferving the peace as any body. Charles Earl of Sunderland to Lord Somers. My Lord, Althrop, Auguft the Stir? i7o9. J HAVE the honour of your Lordffiip's letter, and am heartily forry to hear you have been fo much out of order, for nobody is more fincerely concerned for your Lordffiip's health than I; but I hope the worft is over, and if fo, I will yet flatter myfelf wi'th the hopes of having the honour of feeing you here. I am STATE PAPERS.. 479 . I am forry to fee. you have fuch a. fit of the fpleen upon you ; for ANNL though there is but too much reafon. for it upon the whole, yet If you will give me leave to fay fo, I think you puffi it a little too far; .for if you will allow me, I will tell you juft my thoughts in relation to. the affair of the admiralty. I own, I never did think they would do it in the right time and manner, either for them felves or for us : for they are not capable of doing any right thing' with a good grace; but, at the fame time, I am fully convinced,. that, if it continues to be preffed by all of us, as I do not doubt it will, they both muft and will do it at laft, as we would have it; though probably they will, in this inftance, purfue the fame conduct which they have done in all; not take a refolution till a little be-^ fore the Parliament meets. I am fenfible, that their doing it in this manner, will, in a very great degree, leffen the good effect of it to the public and to themfelves ; but, at the fame time, 1 think this fettling of the admiralty right, in Lord Orford's hands, is a thing ef fo great confequence in itfelf, fo national, and fo great a ftrength- ening of the Whig party, that if they do it at any time before the- Parliament meets, we ought to accept of them. On the other fide, if this opinion of mine ffiould prove a miftake, and that they ffiould perfift in not doing a thing fo neceffary. and reafonable, and which they have folemnly promifed ; I think we have nothing to do, but to continue, as we have done, to prefs as far as poffible towards this point, that we'may difcharge ourfelves to the public, to our friends,, and indeed to ourfelves ; and when that is done, and the proper time come, which I cannot but think is juft before the meeting of the parliament, to take our leave of them, by quitting, and have nothing more to do with them ; and by this we fhall preferve our reputation, and our party ; and without it, we fhall have neither. But though this be right at laft, I cannot help thinkingj it would. be as well for the prefent, to keep fair with them, and not feem to diftruft them too much. I afk pardon -for this long impertinent letter.^ STATE P AP-E'RS* anne. fetter ; but you have the matter fo much at heart, as well as I, that 1?°9' I hope you will pardon it. I have taken bccafion from this event of our Cadii: expedition, which is certainly owing to Burche'f s talking publicly in the coffee-houfes of it, to fpeak to Lady Marlborough upon this fubjed of the admiralty; and I think I have put it fo home to her, that I cannot but be capable of gueffing a little what will be done, by the anfwer I fhall receive. As to your query about the capitulation of the citadel of Tournay ; I own, it is a myftery paffes my comprehenfion ; but, as far as I underftand the capitula tion, there does not feem to be any pretence, from the words of it, for a general ceffation of arms. I am very forry for any rub in the way of the profecution of the proteftors, but fince you would not have me, I will inquire no further into it. I heartily wifh you may find fome expedient to put the affair in a right way again, for I look upon it as a thing of very great confequence. I am ever with the greateft truth and refpect, Your Lordffiip's moft obedient humble fervant, . Sunderland. I am extremely of your mind about our friend Lord Halifax ; and if I fee him here, as I hope I fhall, I will fpeak to him very plainly, and tell him the fecret I told you. , g Duke of Marlborough to Lord Somers. * My Lord, September the 30th* 1709. ( T AM very much obliged to you for your kind congratulation upon our late victory * ; as well as for your good wiffies of a happy and lafting peace. For I dare fay none can be more defirous of it, and I am confident your Lordfhip does me the juftice to believe, * Malplaquet. I do STATEPAPERS. 481 I do my utmoft towards procuring it, by my endeavours to improve A n n e. our advantages. Your Lordfhip has been informed of what has <¦ < v > paffed between the penfioner and Monfieur Torey, fince the negocia tion was fet on foot at the Hague ; and of the letter which the French minifter wrote to Petkum, which relates to nothing but the effect of Comte Merci's misfortune *. I cannot hear any thing new fince the battle, and it is probable triey will be filent till the cam paign is ended, when I hope they may change their ftile; though, it is very obvious, the French are fo enflaved to their arbitrary govern ment, that thofe ofthe moft folid judgment, and who wifh well to their country, dare not fay the leaft thing which may difpleafe the court ; but chufe rather to flatter the King with what may be moft agreeable* Under thefe circumftances we muft wait the iffue of the campaign, which the feafon of the. year, as well as the fcarcity of forage, will oblige us to conclude earlier than otherways we ffiould do ; and when we come to the Hague, I hope your Lordfhip will favour me with your thoughts, what you judge may moft Conduce to the public good. I am, with great truth. My Lord, Your Lordffiip's Moft obedient humble fervant, Marlborough. / m * Count Merci was defeated by the French General Count de Bourg, on the 26th of Auguft, in Alface. Vol. IE. 3 0. 4S2 S-TATE PAPERS. No. VIII. AN N E 1707. < — -v E™™sfnet°hre~ ' Papers relative to Lord Oxford's a dminifl rat ims, and tlk'. ^¦Sffi«- treaty of Utrecht. . "The following 'documents about a well known and much agitatedi period, will fpeak for themfelves; in particular, the Cabinet Mi nute under Mr. Harley's own hand muft be thought a very curious- anecdote. The letters about the Utrecht negociation are either not: inferted, or very imperfectly abftracted, in the report ofthe Secret Commltteein 1 7 15. Whatever reputation the merit of the treaty 'deferves (and many capital objections may be made to it) Lord Bolingbroke muft be allowed to have drawn up his difpatches With; remarkable energy, fpirit, .and perfpieuity. When he mentions having received the Queen's directions in Council, it was not from mere official form, par maniere d* acquit, as it were, that he fays it. Queen Anne frequently attended her Cabinets ; and Lord: Bolingbroke affured a late great Ivlkjifter, from whom the Editor had it, that ffie herfelf propofed the famous reftraining orders to>. the Duke of Ormond, which his Lordfhip folemnly declared he had not .been apprized -of; and in the firft emotion, was going- to have^ objected' to them ; but after the Queen had .delivered.? her pleafure to the Lords, ffie made a fign with her fan at her mouth* which Lord Bolingbroke knew ffie never did, but when, ffie was determined on a meafure ; he,, therefore, unhappily for himfelf and. his country, acquiefced ; and infinuated, when he told the ftory, that the advice was folely fuggefted by his rival Lord Oxford.. Sir William- Temple obferves very truly in his- Memoirs* ' STATE PAPERS. 483 Memoirs, on a fimilar occafion*, that when Princes ckll their ANNE. 1707. Counfellors together, it ffiould be with a refolution to hear what they have to fay, before a meafure is determined ; and that to have Counfellors, who do not ve counfel, is a folecifm in government.! Robert Harley ih the Duke of Marlborough. My Lord, Sept. ,6.27th, 1707. j[ S E N D your Grace herewith an extract of a letter from Ha nover, and alfo -another from M. Chamillart to M. Tallard. Mr. Schutz tells me, that he has advice, that the Swediffi Mini- fter preffes the Court at Berlin to enter into the triple alliance, and that they two may do it without the Houfe of Hanover, if the Elector continues to refufe his confent. I have defired my Lord Treafurer to afk leave for me to go into the country, which I hope to do this day fe'nnight. I entreat your Grace will permit me now, upon my taking leave, to affure you I never have writ any thing to you but what I really thought and in tended. I have, for near two years, feen the /ftorm coming upon me, and now I find I am to be facrificed to fly infinuations and groundlefs jealoufies. I have the fatisfaction, not only of my own mind, but my enemies and friends witnefs for me, that I have ferved your Grace and my Lord Treafurer with the niceft honour, and by the ftricteft rules of friendfhip. That I have facrificed every thing to this the world knows, and that what credit I have with the clergy or laity, has been all employed to no other end but the fervice of both your Lordfhips. I have not interpofed in, or contradicted directly or indirectly, by myfelf or any other, the putting in or putting out any perfon, or * Vide his Memoirs, third and laft Part. 3 Q^2 meddled '7°7- 484 STATEPAPERS. ANNE, meddled with any meafures which are taken ; for I have avoided knowing them. And' yet I am now firft charged in general ; and when I defired that particulars might be told me, nothing is fpeclfied but the two nominated bifhops. I muft therefore fay ffie fame to your Grace I did when it was mentioned to me yefterday, that I never knew thofe two perfons, I never fpoke of them, nor ever thought of them, or directly or indirectly ever recommended them to the Queen, or to, or by any other perfon. And, my Lord, I muft do myfelf this juftice, that I am above telling a folemn lye; that I fcorn the bafenefs of it; and that if I had known or recommended thofe perfons, I would not have been fo mean as to deny it, but would have owned it, and given my reafons for it. And now, my Lord, fince I am going into the country, and per haps Sunday next may put an end to any farther opportunity of my troubling your Grace with letters ; I beg leave to affure your Grace, that I fliall always preferve an entire duty and fervice for your Grace; and I will add but this, that if there be any uneafinefs in the Queen to comply with any propofals, I heartily wifh that the true reafon of it may be found out ; for, as I have no hand in it, nor any friend or acquaintance of mine that I know of, fo I believe that half the pains which is taken to accufe and afperfe the innocent, would difcover the true caufe, and. provide the remedy. , I ffiall trouble your Grace no more upon this fubject ; I humbly befeech you to forgive what is extorted by the undeferved mifrepre- ¦¦. fentations made of him, who has neither in thought, word, or deed, contradicted the title of being, with the utmoft fincerity, My Lord, Your Grace's moft humble and moft obedient fervant, R. Harley *. • Mr. Harley was removed from the office of Secretary of State in February 1708. STATE PAPER& 485 Mr. Harley s Plan of adminifiration. . Odtober 30th, 171c. HP HE particulars I had the honour to fpeak upon at Windfor, were comprehended under thefe general heads. Foreign Affairs. England. Scotland. Ireland. Foreign affairs. — It is abfolutely neceflary that the Queen? fhould have fuch Minifters abroad, who will fet in a right line her Majefty's proceedings, and give true accounts of affairs where they refide ; no time fhould be loft in doing this, becaufe the Par liament draws near, and wrong reprefentations on either fide will be very dangerous^ The Hague * is the centre of bufinefs and intelligence, and is firft- to be taken care of. Vienna and Turin f. — Thefe two are In the next place to be con fidered, and the rather becaufe there does feem to be a fecret which is concealed from all here. Portugal and Spain,— deferve the next thought and care, and- which will be the refult of the negociations in the places before mentioned* I crave leave to make this obfervation^ that when foreign Mini fters have other dependencies than on the Prince who fends them,. their Mafter's bufinefs is the leaft of their care. The vigour of the Queen's proceedings, hath recovered the refpect" only due to her Majefty ; and thofe in- Holland, who had their eyes * Lord ToWnlheffd was then at the Hague, f Lord Peterborough was foon after ap- andfoott afterwards fucceeded by. Lord Straf- pointed for thofe Courts. fordc elfewhere,, ANNE. 1710. 486~ STATE TAPE R S. anne. elfewhere, begin to turn them to her Majefty. It is neceffary this 1 71c fhould be cultivated by an able Minifter there. I will add but this general note on this head ; that the moft popular thing to England, is, to prefs all the allies to keep exactly to what they have agreed to do in their treaties ; the partiality to them has been much complained of, and the preffing, roundly, their exact performing is the likelieft way to obtain peace. Domeftic affairs are next in order, viz. England. — The Queen has had an opportunity of feeing where the true ftrength and inclination of the people are ; though in many , places the Crown officers have appeared the other way, and in all places the fdctibri have been for many years poffeffed of the power. The great care fhould be, that this bent and difpofition of the peo ple fhould be guided and 'directed for the Queen's fervice, and the public godd, and riot be at the difpofal of particular perfons. The two chief methods to do- this, is, ift, By a fteady management. 2d, Avoiding to give jealoafies. To confider the feveral particulars: The Lawyers. —The alterations lately made there, feem to have fecured the moft valuable part of that gown. _ , The Clergy. — Thefe are more numerous, and now very much united; there is not much difficulty in making this body dependant On, and ufeful to the government, if the Queen's fervants will fin cerely go about it. 4 The true reafons of the divifion have been, that the Minifters of State would fupport the minor part of the clergy againft the major, who tveYe excluded from preferments; and thofe were engroffed by the leffer part, who were afraid alfo of *fome ani- madverfiohs upon fome of their number, for unwarrantable books they had publifhed. The way will be, to let both fides know the Queen is refolved to have peace; if the Archbifhop * were con- * Tenriifon. 9 vinced STATE PAPERS. r 487 ¦sdnced of that, he would no longer foment thefe divifions, nor be ANN E„ a tool to a great Lord *. On the other hand, if the Queen allows the Lower Houfe to .proceed .on bufinefs, it muft be fuch as ffiall be firft agreed upon; and they are to know, they are on their good behaviour; ffiould they be extravagant, they can hurt none but themfelves, and are eafily fent going. The making popular and able men chaplains, will alfo go a great -way in engaging all the valuable men amongft them. The Queen's Minifters come next to be confidered. The Fa$ion have no hope but from divifions at Court, and at' this time it will be of very ill confequence, if, by the behaviour of '•any : of thofe •f- who have credit with the Queen, there fhould be a' pretence in: either Houfe to doubt what the Queen's mind is. The Queen is the centre of power and union; if a breach be fuffered to be made in her Miniftry, the enemy will enter at that breach. , One thing deferVes moft ferious and' immediate thought,, viz. > The Parliament. — The Houfe of Lords. The faction have moft of their ftrength there, and moft of their able men^ and they will at tempt to. unite themfelves at the firft by fome vote; therefore no time fhould be loft in fecuring thofe who are to be had before they are engaged too far the other way ; fuch as. Earl Peterborough* Lord Haverfham^ Lord Mohun, Lord Fitzwalter, and others. Houfe of Commons.- The majority there is apparent. The Queen's fervants muft have directions to be prudent in conduct ing this majority; and. the pleafing the clergy, avoiding giving,; *- Erobably Lord Somers. -fv Duke and Duchefs of Somerfet probably alluded to. -- jealoufies, 1710. STATE PAPERS. A^ ^ E- jealoufies, arid the hopes of places after, will render that Houfe eafy this feffion. There is one weak place where the enemy may attack *, and that is, the affair ofthe Houfe of Hanover; but that muft be left to, the Queen's great wifdom to confider how to prevent it. The next material points are, Army, Admiralty. — The fame confideration is applicable to both ; that is, to make the officers for both, fervices dependant on the Crown. One eafy method will do this, which is the practice every . where elfe, viz. That the beginning of every year, the Queen ap points all the general officers who ffiall ferve that year, and in what place : the fame for the flags and captains. The next is, that the Queen fuffers no one to difpofe of regi^- ments but herfelf -f : this is' what all other Princes and States do, and ' the Dutch have lately renewed this order again, upon the abufes committed after the battle of Taniers : and the ; Queen may declare this as a ftanding order of government in the next Council. Scotland, Ireland, and the Weft Indies, may be referved for an other paper. * Mr. Harley knew, that was a very delicate thing to touch with the, Queen. f This levelled at the Duke of Marlborough. STATE PAPERS. 489 ANNE. 1712. Mr. Prior to Lord Bolingbroke. My Lord, Verfailles, Dec. 28- 17th, 1712. Y ARRIVED at Paris the i8-7th, Sunday, having gone the day before about four leagues out of my way, to meet the Duke d' Aumont, who was then on his way to England. I thought my fo doing ffiewed refpect to a man of his quality, and hope the con verfation I had with him may fet him right, as to fome company that may probably offer themfelves to him upon his arrival at London. I went on Monday to Verfailles, and immediately found a gen tleman with a compliment from Monf. Torcy* how much he longed- to fee me, &c. which, as foon as he did, he fell upon the topic of Tournay, and the Elector of Bavaria. He will not allow that Prince's intereft to be fufficiently fecured, fince he is only to have a tempo rary and conditional provifion allowed to him in thofe provinces, of which the States are in the mean time to be real mafters; who (notwithftanding what is now ftipulated for him) may turn him out at their pleafure, except fome guarantee is formed in his behalf to put it out of their power, as it may be in their will, to hurt him. Not but that all this while the Court of France is very well pleafed with what the Queen has done ; but that they wifh ffie would do more, and that fome further temperament may eafily be found to fecure the States from any apprehenfions they may lie under from the Elector's being too near them, and fcreen that Prince's honour a little from being (as Monfieur Torcy calls it) under Dutch guards *. I need not tell your arguments* for I had them from you my Lord, which I ufed to Monfieur Torcy upon this occafion. In fhort the whole matter lies * He was to have refided-ki towns which had Dutch garrifohs-. Vol. II. S R &, 490 STATE PAPERS. 1712. ANNE. f0) that the peace may go on upon it, which is the point we fought, and the Queen may do more for this Prince, as her intereft and generofity perfuade. Count Mpnoftrole faw Monf. De Torcy the fame night, paid me a vifit the next morning, and expreffed, in the civileft terms imaginable, the great obligations his mafter had to her "Majefty, but ftill infifting that ffie is the arbitrefs of Europe, and^ may, as ffie pleafes, relieve a Prince who will have an eternal fenfe of her goodnefs. Monoftrole went the fame day to Compeigne to the Elector, and "you will hear more of him yet before I clofe my letter. The next morning I had an audience of the King, in which I repeated to him (according to my instructions) the defire her Majefty had, that the negociation, which had been too long obftructed, ffiould be brought to a fpeedy conclufion ; and that her Majefty had given fuch orders to her Plenipotentiaries at Utrecht as might moft effec tually oblige the States General without delay to enter into her mea fures, and fuch as might at the fame time moft properly conduce to favour the Elector of Bavaria's interefts, as his Majefty defired. He interrupted me, and faid, he hoped the giving up Tournay * would have that effect, and that her Majefty could not oblige him more in any thing ; that he defired, as much as poffible, the conclufion of the peace, and a good correfpondence between the nations, and did, and would do all he could to obtain it ; of which, he faid, I ffiould affure her Majefty, and return his thanks to her for the letter qu' elle a eu la bonti de ni ecrire. * I went on to fay, there remained between their Majeftles fome bounds in North America to be regulated, , and fome general points to be fettled, upon which a treaty of commerce might he founded* He anfwered, that his minifters had received his full orders upon; * The giving up Tournay was, at leaft, balanced by reftoring Lifle to France. thofe *-.v STATE PAPERS. 491 thofe heads. .As- to what I added, that her Majefty had named the ANNE. Duke of Shrewfbury her Ambaffador for France, he anfwered, that v. "7M'Z'...' the Queen had done him a great pleafure in naming a perfon of the quality and merit of that Lord. I have gone over the other points of my inftrudions with Monf. De Torcy. As to the 'difficulties from Madrid, concerning the te nure of Sicily, and its remaining any way feudatory to Spain ; I have for anfwer, that the moft Chriftian King underftands that the ceffion of that kingdom is agreed, and ffiall be executed in the fenfe in which her Majefty has underftood it, and to be clogged with no other reftriction than that of its being neither alienated nor changed without the confent of Spain ; and that the Marquis de Monteleon has full powers from King Philip to declare himfelf upon that point to her Majefty's fatisfaction . Of this I believe your Lordfhip will be fatisfied before you receive my letter; for I met the Marquis de Mon teleon near Dover ; and he told me the fubftance of what I now write to you. " As to the barrier infifted on by the Duke of Savoy, Monf. Torcy refers me to his laft letter to your Lordfhip, in which he plainly fays, that whole affair is adjufted as much as ever it will be; that his Royal Highnefs has liberty to fortify his frontier, upon the private affurance given, that he will not fortify Pignerol ; that he has more on the fide of France than he has had for 140 years paft; and that what he now afks is the ancient domain of the crown ; that he has more reafon to be fatisfied than any Prince in the war ; and that the King hopes he will not fatigue the Queen any further, after her having obtained'fuch vaft acquifitions for him. The Cardinal de Tremouille writes from Rome to this Court, that 1500 Germans are ready to embark at Naples, in pretence for Sar dinia, but in reality for Sicily. This is a matter which nearly re- 3 R 2 gards 492 STATE PAPERS. anne. gards the Duke of Savoy, and is worth our immediate notice. The 1 7 1 2« ¦ ^ _ _ . moft expeditious way of fending any orders hereupon to our fleet (your Lordfhip knows) will be through this, kingdom to Genoa. As to the interefts of the Duke of Lorrain, which I told Monf. Torcy, the Queen had ordered me to, mention here, as ffie had in- ftrudted her Plenipotentiaries to fuftain them at Utrecht, I have- as favourable an anfwer as I could hope. I fend your Lordfhip in* elofed the memorial I gave, and the anfwer, and fhall impart it to^ the Minifter of that Prince here, that he may plead the particula rities of his mafter's pretenfions. I come to our own point fo long difeuffed, and fo very much em* broiled, I mean that of Newfoundland, The project of a treaty with France which I brought over, was- received from the Plenipotentiaries the 8th of April 1712, as I find upon the endorfement. Monf. De Torcy fhews me another plau entitled, Projet propofe par I ' Angleterre, received from their Plenipo tentiaries the 8th of Auguft 17 12. I fend your Lordfhip a tran- fcript of the different articles of thefe two projects- relating to New foundland, as likewife an extract of fome letters- from, our Pleni potentiaries to your Lordfliip;. and amongft yours, I prefume you* will find others of the fame tenour. I have likewife read over with- Monf. Torcy what their Plenipotentiaries have writ upon the fame fubjed. In the whole tranfaction I find a good deal of bouillon*, and by the exprefs which came three days fince from Utrecht, it is evident they never will agree till refpeetive orders-are fent for their: fo doing, frota hence, and from Whitehall. After long and tower but civil difcourfes upon this point, Monf. Torcy and Defmarais ftill infifting upon their undoubted and never yielded right to Cape Breton (in which I am- afraid they are too well founded), and the latter having ftill his eye upon their Chapeau-rouge, or keeping to* the STATE PAPER S. 493 the preliminaries which give them the liberty of fiffiing where they ANNE. ufed, which indeed was as well along Chapeau-rouge, as the Petit- Port, I faid it was in vain for them to fend to Utrecht for an ex planation of thefe matters ;.for without Placentia, and the advantages* which ought naturally to follow its being given up, that article could never be accorded by the Britifh nation ; and that I took only a previous liberty of faying this-, which the Duke of Shrewfbury would confirm within thefe four days. They agreed that the thing muft be adjufted here and at London; and Monf. Torcy took notes- ofthe feveral propofals I made. Amongft which, I confefs I did not mention the Offer of half Cape Breton, fince the whole had been offered feveral months before (as your Lordfhip fees), and had been .rejeded. After all, I have received this inclofed propofal from Monf. DeTorey, and fend it into England for the Queen's appro bation or refufal ; which I would not have ventured to have done^* but that I think it gets us fafety off from the too extenfive claufe in the preliminaries, gives us- the advantage in every part of the fiffiery, ' leaves the Queen entirely miftrefs of all. that is worth having in Newfoundland, and does really (as Monf. Defmarais f expreffes it), drive the Freneh au b'outdu monde. Monf., Dowdel, the perfon re commended to us by Gillinghamf, and a friend or two here with whom I have talked concerning this matter, and who have been at Newfoundland, are all agreed, that from Cape Roy northward, is ; a fiffiery yet unknown, and fuch as has been' reckoned not worth* trying; and that the whole fiffiery, except a lefs fort in the Petit Port, lies fouthward from Bona Vifta; to Cape De Race, and from thence, along the Bay of Placentia, to Chapeau Rouge and Cape- Roy, which is now in her Majefty's hands, without the French bet ing any way to interfere therein- * + Minifter of the Finances, nephew to t. An Into agent employed about the Af- .Colbert*. fient0- I haver 3* 1 7 » 2- — v— ¦ 494 STATE PAPERS. ANNE, I have conferred, as well at Paris as here, with the two minifters I named before, upon the fettling and renewing our commerce: I fend your Lordfhip inclofed a little memorial, which I gave them as a fort of text to our conference, and a ground for a future tfreaty. There was no need of my explaining the condition of amicifftnta gens as the mutual principle upon which we defired to ftand! this, I find, has been diftindly handled and abundantly difputed at Utrecht. The obfervation that Monf. Defmarais made upon it is very obvious ; that, upon this principle, we ffiould be with France as the Hollanders are, as fpecified in the tariff of 1 664 ; that the reafon why the Hollanders had in great meafure the benefit of this tariff was, that they had laid no impofitions on the goods of France imported into their provinces ; yet the methods of commerce and the neceffary droits, which this kingdom has been forced to raife, are fuch, as that France muft deny that tariff to them (the Hollanders) particularly as to the quatre efpeces, whale-bone and whale-oil; woollen cloth, and ferges; fugars, according to their feveral. refine ments ; and all fort of fait fiffi in barrel. Upon all which heads Monf. Defmarais afferts, it. would be impoffible that France ffiould trade with Holland, except thefe commodities and the manner of importing them, were regulated by the tariff of 1699, or fome other equivalent proportion. Upon the article of fait fiffi, I was very glad to hear Monf. Defmarais- fay, that whoever imports it into this kingdom, muft find it confiderably advantageous; my thought was,, that this ought to be a fair argument to us to mind and improve our fiffiery upon the coafts of Scotland ; for it is this fort of fiffi which the Dutch import chiefly hither, and which the French mean to bring to the above-mentioned tariff. Monf. Defmarais explains himfelf very much upon the head of an entire prohibition being very prejudicial to both nations, but morefo to England, he fays, than to France ; and that the high du des on both fides ought to be taken off, and brought to a juft me dium. STATE PAPERS. 495 dium, which he thinks impoffible to be done but by commiffioners ANNE. to be named to that purpofe ; for that this muft coft a great deal of time, for the French can only take off their duties, as we fhall take off ours, and the alteration of their edids muft go pari pajfw with that of our ads of parliament. To -what I objeded, that the King being abfolute mafter of his edids might in the mean time take away the entire prohibition of , feveral of our commodities, particularly thofe fpecified in the edid of 1 701, Sept. 6th ; he anfwered, that we had likewife entire prohibitions ; for inftance, their filks were as abfolutely forbid on our fide, as our cloth is on theirs ; and repeated, that the taking off the entire prohibitions, and the alleviations of the high duties muft go gradually and equally on both fides, or always be made on one fide,, upon condition that the other perform his part, and be intended to take place accordingly at fuch a time ; for that if the prohibition on the French fide were (as I feemed to think reafonable) immedi ately taken off, the Englifh would run a glut of their goods into France, fufficient to ferve the nation for two or three years ; while (fays he) we, the French, ffiall remain les bras croifez, the Englifh knowing the certain duties payable in France, and the French ex peding how, or in what time, the duties upon their goods ffiall be taken off in England. Upon the whole, he has given this anfwer to the propofals. I gave him, as what might ferve for a ground-work to a treaty of com merce. It was yefterday read in Council, and I received it this* morning from Monf. De Torcy, together with a fcheme of the chief commodities which France fends to England, which he defires may be returned with the fpecific duties payable in England upon every head j and what time may probably be afked for the alleviating any •part of them. And he defired we fhould fend a like fcheme of Englifh goods, which, we import chiefly into France, and promifes 496 STATE PAPEH S. ANN e. to give us thereupon a reciprocal account,, the King being very will". I 7 I 2 ing to open a, trade as foon, and as fairly as poffible,- with his old friends: but he concludes, that the confufion and mifunderftanding of twenty years will not be jedreffed without a good deal of time ,and labour. The ufual articles, therefore, of & treaty of commerce, that of the droit d'aubaine, that of the tare, and what your Lordfhip fees k prettjs nearly adjufted, may be agreed and figned at Utrecht,, with the treaty of peace,, hut in a diftind inftrument, and as a treaty of commerce,; and in it the fpecialties as to the- mariner of diminifiv* ing the droits, and regulating the tariff muft .be provided for, by one general plaufe. I have waited on Monf. Pontchartrain *, and not perceiving.. that the lift of fhips taken, (as we allege) contrary to the terms, of, the xeffation, or to the ufual maritime laws which I formerly left with him, has been regarded, I left another lift with him, to which, he fays,, I ffiall have an anfwer in a few days. «* John Wynne ("the poor man fo often taken and, re-taken), with his fhip, are fet at liberty ; and our fubjeds, of which I have a long lift, (which I think comes from Col. Nicholfon), that are, we fay, taken againft their wills* and confined at Canada, will have, leave to return to Bofton, or wherever we think proper, provided they are not habituatedin Canada, and had rather ftay there than other wif& D,f this I ffiall tbnd yo,u more by my next,. £ Minifter of the Marine, STATE PAPERS, 497 From the Sawe to the Sawe. \ Paris, 29th Dec. 17 12. T TOLD your Lordfhip I fhould hear more from the Eledor of Bavaria ; I did fo by Monf. Torcy laft night. Count Mono- ftrole* repeats his mafter's acknowledgments to her Majefty, and his defire that ffie will fet him as free as her prefent circumftances of affairs may permit ; and in a vifit this morning to Monf. Voifin, he let fall, as feeming by chance, that it was not thought the Dutch would ever pretend to garrifon Luxemburg. Monoftrole complains, and the Minifters here fecond the com plaints, that Bonne, the very and only refidence of the Eledor of Cologne, is to be garrifoned by Imperial troops ; and Liege and Huy, by Dutch. Monoftrole has reprefented from his mafter, to the moft Chriftian King, that a formal treaty was made In 1704, between the Elec- trice and the late Emperor Jofeph, not one word of which has been complied with, nor any recompence made him upon what was therein ftipulated ; that the Houfe of Auftria, not to count thir teen millions of florins which they formerly owed him, have, dur ing this war, feized all his magazines, cannon, goods, plate, jewels,. and pidures ; that Rottembourg, the adjacent countries, and other large trads of land, which are now comprehended in the Upper Palatinate, have been bought by the Houfe of Bavaria, a beaux de- niers contants, and by confequence fhould be referved to him. In thefe points his moft Chriftian Majefty would defire the Queen to favour this Prince, and as he has given Monf. Torcy order to mention them to me, the Duke d' Aumont will likewife have order to fpeak of them in England. * The Bavarian Minifter. Vol. II. 3 S Another ANNE. 1712. '498 STATE PAPERS. ANNE. Another point, upon which this court is very folicitous, is, that 1712, the Chevalier's remaining in any town ih France obftruds the fign- ing the peace, and yet he cannot go to Lorrain till the Emperor's. paflport fecure him there ; your Lordfhip, by the perufal of the pa pers inclofed, will fee the ftate of that cafe : and I have only to add' upon this fubjed, that the court of France expreffes an impoffibility on their fide to do more than they have done, and hopes we ffiould have intereft enough with the EmperOr to obtain fuch paffports* from him, as may fecure as well the perfon who is to go into Lorr rain, as the Duke of Lorrain who is to receive him. I have not heard from Utrecht fince my arrival in France; but I; prefume I ffiall hear in a few days, Sunday next being the laft day- allowed for their determination. And if you approve the propofal relating to Newfoundland, and judge the fcheme of commerce fuch, as may form a general article, I think, we are ready, let what will happen. I am more pleafed with the propofal" as to Newfoundland', becaufe: I fee Monf. Pontchartrain, and fome others, heartily difquieted at it.. Monf. Torcy "a letters from Utrecht fay, that of the provinces, Frize*. Utrecht, and Gueldre, were for the peace ; .and of Holland^ the towns which flood chiefly out, were Delft, Rotterdam, and Leyden. The Duke of Argyle is here, and defired a yacht may be imme diately ordered to Calais for his paffage : he will tell your Lordr fhip that the affair of Catalonia remains in fatu quo.. MqnG Torcy has received advice that the Duke of Berwick is within a day's march of Starembourg ; that he has an army of forty battalions arid fifty fquadrons, much fuperior to that of the enemy. Mon£ Voifin* tells me, the French are 25,900 effedive men; and he reckons the Germans not above 13,000. The Duke of Argyle com*- putes the Germans to be nearer 20,000.. * Secretary at war.. x 1, For- STATE. PAPERS. 499 For home news, I faw the Dauphin yefterday ; he was brought ANNS, to the King at table ; the child looks very well, a little pale ; he is handfome, and feems to have a good deal of fpirit. I exped the Duke of Shrewfbury here on Saturday or Sunday. We have taken a rambling apartment for him in I'Hotel de Soiffons, which was the beft however that we could find in all Paris. I have writ rather a journal than a letter ; the diverfity of the fubjeds which it contains muft plead my excufe ; -in every part of it I have done my beft for the Queen's fervice, and I leave it te your great friendfhip to me, to give it the moft candid interpretation. I am with great truth and refped. My Lord, Your Lordffiip's moft obedient and moft humble fervant, M. Prior** From the Sawe to the Sawe. My Lord, Paris, the 8th of January, N. S. 1713. T HAD fcarce clofed the letter which I did myfelf the honour to write to you two days fince, by Mr. Campbell, and wherein I told you that Monfieur Torcy had fummoned me to Verfaflles, in order to inform me of what he had received from his mafter's Plenipoten^ tiaries at Utrecht, when I likewife received the inclofed from the Lords Privy-Seal, and Strafforde, containing the points which yet lie between her Majefty and this court. I have conferred upon them all in general with Monfieur Torcy ; and with Meffrs. Def marais, and Pontchartrain, upon thofe which more immediately regard their refpedive provinces ; and upon the whole fend you the * It is not improper to obferve, that the whole negociation f«r the peace of Utrecht was tarried on extraprovincially by Lord Bolingbroke. 3 S 2 refult 500 .STATE PAPERS, ANNE, refult of my conferences, which I hope you will find to be fuch, as may facilitate the orders which our ambaffadors exped from your Lordfhip. As to what relates, in Monfieur Torcy's Memoire, to the fourth article, concerning the Words Titulum affumpfit & nomen ufurpavit, or fibi arrogavit, fince there never was any thing in that grammatical controverfy but its having been difputed, I take it for granted the matter is long fince adjufted, or may very eafily be fp, our ambaf fadors not taking notice of it in the inclofed points in difpute. How ever, I was fatisfied that Monfieur Torcy ffiould fend his remarks upon it, fince his fo doing is a kind of Ouvert-acle, by which the French do once more previoufly acknowledge what they are to ftipulate with us in that behalf. The point concerning the fluices at Dunkirk, will admit of nor difficulty, it having depended upon the effential difference between? demolifhing the fortifications, and drowning the country ; and upon the report which Mr. Hill, according to our embaffadors, and which your Lordfhip, according to Monfieur Torcy, have made on this fubjed. As to the limits of Hudfon's-bay, and what the miniftry here feem to apprehend, at leaft in virtue of the general expreffion, tout ce que TAngleterre a jamais poffede de ce cote la (which they affert to be wholly new, and which I think is really fo, fince our plenipo tentiaries make no mention of it), may give us occafion to encroach at any time upon their dominions in Canada, I have anfwered, that fince, according to the carte which came from our plenipotentiaries, marked with the extent of what was thought our dominion, and returned by the French with what they judged the extent of theirs, there was no very great difference, and that the parties who deter-' mine that difference muft be guided by the fame carte, I thought that article would admit no difpute, in cafe it be either determined immediately by the plenipotentiaries, or referred to commiffioners. 5 I take STATE PAPERS.' 501 I take leave to add to your Lordfhip, that thefe limitations are no ANNE. 1713. otherwife advantageous or prejudicial to Great Britain, than as we are better or worfe with the native Indians, and that the whole is a matter rather of induftry than dominion. If there be any real dif ference between reftitution and ceffton, quaeritur ? yet fince in either cafe the right of the inhabitant, as to transferring his goods and effeds, or difpofing of his perfon and family, is always provided for in treaty, I leave it to your Lordffiip's better judgment, if a fixed time in either cafe (fuppofe eighteen months or two years), does not put the fubjed who is to have the benefit which reftitution or ceffian grants him, upon a more equal foot, and confequently lefs to be contefted, than if the terms of time were different. Your Lordfhip fees the limitation comes up pretty near to what our pleni potentiaries infift upon, (i. e. a year,) allowing fome months for thofe people in thofe remote parts, to be informed of the agreement made here. This article therefore, if agreed, will comprehend thofe of Hudfon's-bay, Newfoundland, Acadia, and St. Chriftophers. Our plenipotentiaries mention nothing relating to the tenth arti cle, by which, in Monfieur Torcy's Memoire, your Lordfhip fees thofe of France demand that the fubjeds of that crown may exhibit their complaints to commiffioners hereafter to be named, in relation to their loffes at Nevis and Gambia (I mean what we owe them as to Nevis) in like manner as the fubjeds, of her Majefty are to exhibit their complaints as to Hudfon's-bay. Your Lordfhip will fee that I have got a like claufe added in favour of her Majefty's ftuV jeds, for the loffes they fuftained laft year at Montferrat, which I •hope may indemnify the particular fufferers in that cafe, and pre vent the ill effeds which (as your Lordfhip wrote me word fome months fince), might be apprehended from the murmurs raifed upon that fubjed. The demand which our plenipotentiaries make, that the French fliall not fiffi within thirty leagues of the S. E. of Acadia* a. f.-upon the: .502 STATE PAPERS. A N N E. the long bank which runs from weft to eaft before that country, was ¦ l?_'3'_f founded upon' this affertion, that while Acadia was in the French hands, we were obliged to the like reftridion, and confequently the Words in the propofal lately fent, " que la province de l'Acadie* " avec tous droits & prerogatives dont les Francois ont joui fera " cedee par fa Majefte, a la reine de la Grande Bretagne," admit our claim, and finiffi the difpute, as Monfieur Torcy obferves in the enclofed memorial. But as to their being forbid to fiffi within ten leagues of the north weft of Acadie, Meffrs. Torcy and Defmarais think the, propofition wholly new, alledge it deprives them of the benefit of fiffiing on the coaft of Cape Breton, and cannot but caufe , (what in every other part of our demands we feem to avoid) a future and frequent difpute between the fifhers of each nation. ' The reftraining their fiffiery to an exad time, i. e. between the ift of April and the 20th of September, they likewife except againft as new, and hope it will not be infifted on ; Monfieur Torcy civilly taking notice, that we were not fo unkind to offer fuch a reftridion . to the Hollanders, or any other nation upon any occafion, or at any time ; and Monfieur Defmarais, with more warmth, proving it im- pradicable; that their fifhers fetting out from hence, confidering the hazards of wind, and uncertainties of their voyage, might either be on the coafts before the day prefcribed, and in this cafe muft ftay unadive, at the lofs both of their time and their provifion, or coming too late, would not be able to cure, and return with their fiffi within a convenient feafon. This, they faid, was not of a piece withvthe Gens Amicifftma, and would be rather an unkind mark of diftinc- tion fet upon them, than a real advantage to us. The ifle of St. Peter, which our plenipotentiaries fay the French demand, your Lordfhip will fee is yielded to us in thofe words of the propofal lately fent, avec la Terre Neuve et les ifles adjacentes a cette ifle. The reafon why (as your Lordfhip will remember) Monfieur Mefnager laft year infifted fo much upon this ifle of St. Peter's, STATE PAPERS. 503 Peter's, and why the French would have confined our poffeffion of ANN e.. the ifles round Newfoundland to a certain diftance, out of which St. Peter's would yet be exempted, is, that though they had yielded as they have done by the propofal that part of the coafts to us, as to- drying, &c. they ftill would have had the convenience of drying, upon this little ifle ; but it is now evidently given to us, as belong ing to Newfoundland ; and they take the ifle of St. Paul to be as evidently yielded to them, as belonging to Cape Breton ; and fo the , whole matter refts plain and determined, fuppofing always that the propofal be agreed to. Give me leave, my Lord, to remark upon this head of Newfound*- fend, that the laft offer made by the French plenipotentiaries to ©urs, that they (the French) ffiould fiffi from the bay of For tune, round by the North to Bonavifta, was the fame which ther minifters here offered to me ; and from the bay of Fortune, they receded to. Cape Roy. But in the propofal fent by me, their liberty begins only from Point Rich ; for there Is a great trad- between the bay and the cape, as likewife between the cape. and the point above-* mentioned ; and both thefe trads capable of an excellent fiffiery which, as I have heard, declines in its value, as theifland from Point. Rich grows ftraiter towards the N. E. The difference in the treaty of commerce/ relating to liberty of the fubjeds trading is, your Lordfliip fees, by the inclofed Memoire agreed in the manner as our plenipotentiaries defire. As is likewife the flipulation defired, that the tariff of 1664, ffiall be the bafe upon which our mutual commerce ffiall be founded, and the rule to which our ads of Parliament and the French edids ffiall be reduced- I add to your Lordfhip this little book of their edids, not know ing if it is not rare in England. I came only to Paris to difpatcb this courier, and go again to Verfailles to-morrow, to fee what" thefe people have further to fay to me,, before the King goes to* & Mari^ 504 A 1 1712-13. STATE PAPERS. anne. Marly, which will be on Wednefday, after which the ten days of his ftaying there makes a fort of vacancy from all bufinefs. . I exped his Grace of Shrewfbury here every day, -having advice, that on the 3d, he was at Margate, and expeded the next day at Calais. I am with great refped,- My Lord, - . You Lordffiip's, &c. M. Prior. Draught of a Letter from Lord Bolingbroke to Mr. Prior. Whitehall, January the tiptfh, 171 2- 13. T SHOULD hot have taken fo much time before I anfwered your letters of the 28th of December, and of the 8th df January N. S. if I had not thought that the arrival ofthe Duke of Shrewf bury, with her Majefty's particular orders upon the chief points in difpute, would render my letter in a great meafure needlefs. I am now to acknowledge thofe letters, as well as that of the 5th of January which came by Colonel Campbell, and to thank you for the care you have taken in the feveral matters committed to your charge, and the fteps you have made towards facilitating the Whole. I ffiall confine myfelf at prefent to two points in your letters, which are the principal ones that concern us, I mean that of New foundland in our treaty of peace, and that of a clear fettling the tariff of 1664, in our treaty of commerce. I muft obferve to you in the firft place, that Article 12, con cerning Newfoundland and Cape Breton, fent in your letter of the, 28th of December, and delivered as an article propofed in that man ner by the plenipotentiaries of Britain, is fallacious, and might- lead you to think that we had yielded up the poffeffion of Cape Breton. To redify this, I fend you the article as I received it from her Majefty's minifters, STATE PAPERS, 505 minifters, in their letter ofthe oth of Auguft, 17 13, by which you A N n e. . 1712-13. will fee on one fide how the article was propofed by us, and on the *-' » ' ' other, what alterations the French infifted on, which has hitherto remained the infurmountable difficulty. You feem, by fome expreffions in your letter of the 28th, to lie under a perfuafion that the French have an undoubted, and never yielded right to Cape Breton ; which is a pofition we never confent ed to here ; on the contrary her Majefty looked upon the Geflion Of Acadia or Nova Scotia, felon fes anciens Umites, to comprehend Cape Breton. But upon the reprefentations made on the part of France, that it was impoffible their navigation to Canada could fub- fift, without fome place nearer than the mouth of the river St. Lau rence, for tlheir ffiipts to toueh at, the Queen agreed to allow them, not the whole ifland, but the poffeffion in common, without fortify ing there on either fide. This indeed the French objeded to, as liable to great inconveniencies-; and therefore you found among the alternatives, >that it was propofed that we ffiould have one half, >awd the French the other. Thus the difpute held, till the 'Queen was pleafed to determine in her inftriadions to the. Duke of Shrewfbury, • that ffie would yield the propriety of all Cape Breton to the French, on condition that they gave us fometfhmg for it, that is, the 'right of fiffiery referved to them on the tcoafl of 'Newfoundland. This is the ultimatum which his Grace has at prefent to propofe; for -ft was --not thought fit to add, what we fee we may obtain when we ffiall pleafe to come to it, that is, the reftraining their .fiffiery to the Petit Nord, to be reckoned from 'Cape Bonavifta northward, round as far as Point Riche, which, as you Obferve, is the -moft favourable conceffion that we have yet had from France upon this difference. For the French plenipotentiaries at Utrecht, have not receded 'hitherto any &rther, as I find, than 'to Gape de la. Hau, or the bay of !Fortune. I hope J haveexplained myfelf clearly as to the 'bufinefs trf" Gape Breton and Newfoundland. I ;fhall now proceed to the articles Vol. II. $ T which 1712-13- 5od S T A T E P A P E" R S: ANNE, which we defire^to be reinferted in the treaty of commerce, and par- 1112.11. , w #. ,# ticularly to that concerning the tariff of 1664, which is No. 5, in the paper marked B, among the papers you received from my office, and is the moft effential to our intereft of any of the reft. I doubt' not but you will have feen by my letter of the 24th of December to my Lords the plenipotentiaries (a tranfcript whereof was fent to the Duke of Shrewfbury), how ample I was in fettling our notion, and that which I apprehended France to have, in relation to the regulating ofthe duties on each fide.- By their Lordffiip's anfwer, (which ybii have in the inclofed extrad of their letter to me, of the 10th of Janu ary) you will fee that the point in difpute is fet in quite another light than I had took it to be, andthe work ofthe Commiffioners is re duced only to the fettling of equivalents for the four fpecies, and thofe other things which we demand over and above the tariff of 1 664. This brings our difpute into a narrow compafs. If the four fpecies, or any alleviation of them, be grantedto- the Dutch, of courfe we ffiall have the fame ; or at leaft her Majefty will think it a point gained to have thofe: differences referred, to Commiffioners. As to the other points, the articles No. 1. 3. 6k in paper B. are fuch as our plenipotentiaries think may be obtained ; and as to the bufinefs of confuls, trading irom port to port, and the tobacco farm, I un derftand ffie would not have the figning of the treaty deferred on that account ; they may likewife be referred to Commiffioners if the four fpecies are, though her Majefty, as I conceive, would rather chufe to avoid leaving any thing to Commiffioners, who, ffie fears* will donogoodin getting any pretence to garble our prefent book of rates. Indeed, as the plenipotentiaries fay in May laft, the Queen* who did not know how foon ffie might be preffed to conclude her treaties,- was willing to refer fuch difficulties as could not beiadjuft- ed at Utrecht, ,to the care, of Commiffioners ; but he^Majefty having fince had time enough to confider maturely of all thofe matters, con €urs with the French King in his- opinion, as explained in the in- ''-' '' v -. * ' - dofc& S TATE q PAPERS. 507 clofed, and is. moft defirous that all jcaufe of difpute fhoiild be rembv- A n N e, ¦* 1712-13. ed, and the whole concluded at Utrecht. If therefore the true intent-ion of France be fuch, as it is fet forth by our plenipotentiaries, We fhall; have no great difficulty at daft; to compromife the. whole. But if their view is, as youfearmto: take it, and feveral expreffions in your letters lead me to believe, that they can only take off their duties, as we ffiall takeoff ours, thaf the alteration of their edids muft go pari pajfu with that of our ads ' of Parliament, and that all muff be 'gradually and equally. fettled 'on both fides, this is what -we cannot confent to, which will,' in its' confequence as we apprehend, either put us under the neceffity of changing the whole fcheme of our book of rates, which is impradi- cable in our prefent, chcumfjhinces, or of being deprived of the en joyment .pf, the tariff o£ 1664, till we do it. The foundation laid down, and agreed to on both fides, is Amiciffima Gens-, thence we infer that the French ffiall grant no privilege or exemption to any foreign nation, which we ffiall ¦ not : enjoy. This, they in words confent to do. ; Then we offer to put their goods upon the fame foot as thofe of the like nature from any foreign nation, and to take away all prohibitions made fince the year 1664. Upon this, they pbjed that our duties are extremely high, that they do not bear a proportion to thetarifrj of 1664, and that they muft be brought down to that ftandard, otherwife commerce cannot be fairly fettled between the two nations. This is, in effed, to infift that we ffiould make a new tariff on purpofe for them, and treat them better than we do any other foreign nation at prefent, or that we cannot fairly and juftly pretend to enjoy the tariff of 1604, as the Dutch are to do, who have laid few or no impofitions on the goods and manufac tures of France. This, you fee, carries the difpute off from the firft principle, and leads us. to an intricate detail, and an endlefs difcuffion of the value of goods, and the proportion of duties on each fide. Thefe mazes we can never think of entering into. The 3 T 2 pofition SoB STATE PAPERS. . anne. pefjfcion is plain, as it is ftated in article -No. 5*, that we will 17 12-13. * v — » — '-* not pretend to enjoy the tariff of 1664, till two months after the Parliament have brought the duties payable on French commodities to a parity with thofe payable on the like goods from any other foreign country, &c. which we reckon will give an extreme great advantage to France, fince it is well known how much more pre ferable their goods are here, than thofe of the fame fort from other' parts. From What I have here laid down you will obferve, that neither what you fay in the fecond article of your Memorial of the 21ft of December ; *' Nous tacherons, &c. de maniere que les conditions^ en feront, egales de part et d'autre," nor what the French iky in anfwer to it ; much lefs what is propofed in the paper received from Monfieur de Torfcy the 7th of January (" Lorfque, par ade dtt Parlement de la Grande Bretagne, les droits fur les denrees du cru, manufadures, et marchandizes de France, feront reduits a la mefing proportion de ceux qui doivent fe lever in France, fur les denre'es du cru, manufadures, et marchandizes de la Grande Bre» tagne, fuivant le tariff de 1'annsee 1664, les fujets de la Grande Bretagne jouiro^t alors en France du tariff de la dite annee de 1664,") is conformable either to the article No. 5, which the Queen direded to be infifted upon, or to what I have faid in explanation* of that article, or to the fenfe my lords the plenipotentiaries under ftand the propofals of France in. I may take notice, that our offer of not enjojung the tariff of 11664, till two months after that we have brought down the exceffive duties on the goods of France, to» the fame foot with thofe of other nations, and have taken off all prohibitions fince 1664, removes entirely the objedions of Monfieur Defmarais, that we ffiould immediately come into the benefit of the Tariff 1664 ; that we ffiould throw a glut of goods into France, • It was this jrery point on which the trea- Commons, th« |whple body of merchants ia ty of commerce was rejected by the Houfe of London being againft the bill. avid S T A T E P A P E R S. SG9 and that in the mean time the French would ftand les bras croifez, ANN E. J 1712-13. and have nothing to do. I hope I have put the Queen's fenfe (as expreffed in the reafons direded to be ufed in the paper concerning commerce, put into your hands in my office) upon this grand point, in fo clear a light, as not to be miftaken. I am fure I have not fpared repetition rather than to leave the explanation defedive. If I have not the good for tune to'be thoroughly intelligible, I own my incapacity of faying any thing more explicit upon this fubjed. I cannot conclude with out obferving that I findv in Monfieur Torcy 's Memorial upon the differences in the treaty of peace, that the French run into a mif- conftrudion of the Qjueenjs fenfe, in what they advance concerning the liberty of felling the immomablt eftates- in the places reftored or yielded. As to the moveables, and fuch like effeds, her Majefty had m> objedion to it from the beginning. But what concerns the immoveables:, it was a new pretenfion of the French plenipotentia ries inferted in ther eounter-projed, and what the Queen has not as yet in any wife confented to. In my letter of the 20th of December, to the Lords plenipotentiaries (of which the Duke of Shrewfbury has a'copy), you will fee more fully the abfurdity which we think will ' follow from this general rule;. Hudfon's bay is fuch an usurpation upon us, that no right can be acquired of felling thofe lands to us again. St. Chriftophers we have taken from the French, as likewife Acadia ; which, upon thia foot, they would pretend to fell to us, after we have conquered them. As for their fettlements in thofe parts of Newfoundland which they are to give up to us ; it appears to me that they may be better founded to demand a liberty of felling their immoveable eftatesthere ; fince, though we keep up an antient claim. to the whole ifland, yet I do not know that we were ever violently, or in breach of treaties, driven out of thofe poffeffions. Infra annum was the time allowed to tfrfc-Englifh to difpofe of their Immoveable eftates in Acadie, when that country was in our poffeffion, and; ffiamefully,, 50i STATE P A-P E'R S. A n NE. fhamefully, againft the intereft of the nation, and our antient right delivered up by the treaty of Breda into the hands ofthe French.* .- The arrival of frefh letters, and new refolutions taken in council* oblige me to finiffi this difpatch, and to refer myfelf to, a long in- ftrudion, which by the Queen's order I have prepared for my Lord Duke, I am, &c. , Bolingbroke. . * , . i. i .... - • — « > Lord Bolingbroke to the Duke of Shrewfbury f My Lord, Whitehall, "February the 17th, 1712-13. IT falls again to my ffiare to convey her Majefty's orders to your Grace upon the prefent ftate of the negociation of peace, and I cannot but [hope. that the effediof the' refolutions which the iQuecn is now_come to, will be an immediate conclufion of the treaty be tween her and France. At leaft we ffiall extricate ourfelves from this ftate of fufpence, which the feafon of the year renders it very unfafe to continue longer in, and ffiall know what we have to truft to on the part of France. Her Majefty's condud will appear fair and uniform to the whole world, whilft that of the court where your Grace at prefent refides will have a quite contrary afped, if they do not accept thefe over tures, and clofe with the Queen at once. But I afk pardon for troubling your Grace with this preface, and proceed to communicate to you her Majefty's fenfe, and her diredions, as I received them laft night in council. As foon as this difpatch comes toyour Grace's hands, her Mar jefty would have you, either in conference with the French minifters, ' or in a memorial to be delivered to Monfieur de-Torcy, or in both, make, in her name, a reprefentation to the following effed. That the Queen has hitherto, deferrq*the opening of her Parlia ment, in hopes that thofe few difficulties which remain undetermin- ¦• t ed, STATE PAPERS. 511 ed, either in the treaties of peace and commerce between Great a n n e. 171 2"I 3 Britain and France, or in the difcuffion of the interefts of her Ma jefty's allies, would have been entirely got over, or at leaft, that the former being taken away, France would have made fuch offers upon the latter, as might have enabled the Queen to have figned her treaty, without any farther regard, to thofe parties who ffiould not have thought fit to conclude at the fame time. That the laft letters. which her Majefty has received from your Grace, as well as her plenipotentiaries at Utrecht, not anfwering this hope which ffie had conceived, but on the contrary fhewing that fome few differences ftill remain undecided in the treaties between her Majefty and the moft chriftian King, and that very little further progrefs has been made .towards fettling the interefts of thofe powers whofe demands have met with the greateft oppofition ; her Majefty has judged it abfolutely neceffary to communicate her fentiments in this important crifis, and the meafures ffie is determined to follow, to his mpft chriftian Majefty, fincerely, and without the leaft referve. That the fruit which, ffie expeds from this full communication of her In tentions is, either by thefe. means to haften the conclufion of the general peace, or at leaft of the peace between her Majefty, and the crowns of France and Spain,, or elfe, at the worft, to prevent at this feafon of the year, and the approach of the fpring, any furprife on either fide.. That you have received" from the Queen, and are ready to com municate to the King, her Majefty's laft refolutions, as well upon- thofe difputes which relate particularly to the interefts of Great Britain,, as upon, the chief points that remain undetermined in. the general plan of peace. -.j. That thefe are not to be looked upon as new demands on France ; moft of them are points which have been frequently difeuffed ; and al.IqXt.hem axe the moft. reafonable' compofitions which the Queen* thinks: jf*« STATE PAP E R S. ANN E- ^n^ jt poffible to make, for accommodating . the prefent differ* ences, and restoring the publk tranquility. .. That if his moft Chri'fHan Majefty ¥ha1l "think fit to agree in thefe particulars with the Queen, your Grace has diredions to give im* mediate notice tftefdf, to the plenipotentiaries at Utrecht, to whom a courier willbe difpatched from hence to-morrow morning, with the powers neeeffaty for them to affume the eharader Of ambaffa dors, and to fign the peace. That thefe minifters upon the receipt of this fedvice fVom your Grace, are direded to declare in the Congtefs, that the 'interefts of Great Britain ahd of France are entirely fettled, and that tfaey iffialU proceed immediately to fign her Majefty's peace. That thefe minifters are likewife direded, in purfuance of tfois de claration, as foon as the minifters Of France tfeemfelves 'ffiall defire it, and as the feveral inftruments can be prepared, to conclude. That it is to be hoped, all the allies will finiffi at the fame rime ; but that if any of them ffiould not be ready, her Majefty's minifters are ordered neverthelefs to proceed to fign, leaving the general plan, as it is underftood at Utrecht, and with the alterations and additions now propofed hy her Majefty, as the fcheme which fuch parties may, within a term to he fettled between her Majefty's minifters, and thofe of France, come in Upon. That this proceeding on the Queen's part, is a full accomplish ment of that promife which her Majefty formerly made, and has frequently repeated to the moft chriftian Ring. But that the decla ration, which always accompanied thispromife of her Majefty % muft not be forgot; which declaration was, that if "her allies did fmcertly enter into difpofitions for peace,' and confequently if the delay of eoncluding did not 'arife from them, her Majefty 'woiild iSiitik herfelf obliged to 'keep Other meafures with theTfti, and hot fign WithoUt'them That therefore if his moft Chriftian Majefty fliall not totffent to the propofitions which your Grace is ordered by her Majefty to make, as wel STATE PAPER'S. 513 in her own behalf, as in behalf of her allies ; the Queen will in .a n Ni ^**- 1 7 I 2 • 1 1^ purfuance of the eftablifhed principle which is above-mentioned, ' ' continue her good offices for reftoring the public tranquillity ; but will be obliged to defer the execution of her treaty with France, until his moft Chriftian Majefty and the other powers concerned in the treaty of peace, fhall come nearer to agreement. That, upon thefe considerations, and with thefe views, the Queen has again prorogued her Parliament to Tuefday the 3d of March old ftile, that the manner of her fpeaking to the two houfes, and indeed to the whole world, will depend upon the refolutions which the moft Chriftian King ffiall take upon this occafion. That, in one cafe, her Majefty will fpeak of her own peace as conr eluded, and of the terms of peace for her allies, as agreed between herfelf and the King, and therefore propofe to her people no other provifions for the fervice of the year, than what are neceffary for the maintenance of the common guards by fea and land in time of peace. That, in the other eafe, her Majefty will be obliged to fpeak of the event of the negociation as ftill uncertain, and therefore to de mand fuch fupplies of her Parliament as may be neceffary for the carrying on the war, if unhappily the negociation of peace ffiould not fucceed. That it is now in the King's power at once to make his peace with the Queen, and to fecure the fuccefs of the general treaty. That her Majefty has, through the whole courfe of this negociation, done all that was poffible to calm the minds, and to moderate the expedation of the feveral allies. That the general plan of peace, with the propofitions now made, comes very near to the plan which his moft Chriftian Majefty thought fit to offer. In a word, that the Queen can reduce the demands of her allies no lower than they will, according to this fcheme, ftand. And ^that ffie cannot doubt the compliance of the King, fince ffie is perfuaded his Majefty will Vol. II. 3 U maintain, $H STATE PAPERS. • N N E. maintain, to the end of the negociation, the fame fpirit of facility, the fame fincerity, the fame candour with which it was begun. The two papers enclofed (No. I, and No. 2.) contain her Majef ty's refolution upon the difputed articles of her own peace, and of the general plan.' Thefe are what I refer to above, and what your Grace will pleafe to offer as the Queen's ultimatum to the French. Her Majefty thinks it impoffible that the King can have any real difficulty in agreeing to thofe points, wherein ffie infifts as to her own interefts. There are but two which deferve a paragraph be ftowed upon them, and they are in the 12 th, and in the 14th arti cles of the treaty of peace. We perfuade ourfelves that Monfieur de Torcy's argument upon the firft of thefe, makes diredly againft him, and for us. Since they agree not to fiffi upon the coaft of Acadia, nor upon the bank, it can do them no hurt to have the boundary fixed at thirty leagues. And furely, my Lord, the nam- ' ing a determinate diftance is much lefs likely to create new difputes^ than a general ftipulation. The claufe of Bona Immobilia, in the 14th article, her Majefty never heard of till the French's counter-projed was tranfmitted about the end of December laft; and ffie never agreed to that pretenfion of felling the immoveables in St. Chriftophers, and Acadia, upon the diftindion of places yielded, and places reftored. But in debating this matter it was faid, by her order, (to fhew the abfurdity of this de mand,) that the French would have more reafon to exped fuch a privilege* in Newfoundland, where they did not demand it. And from hence I obferve in the paper fent me by your Grace, and marked No. 3, that Monfieur de Torcy would fuppofe, that this privilege was to be allowed tp them in St. Chriftophers, in Acadia, and in Newfoundland; which furely is not, at any time, very fair, and when there is fo much reafon on all fides to fhun delay, not very wife. , Upon STATE PAPERS. 5i$ Upon the whole matter, I wiffi the French may as eafily confent A N n e. 171 2W3. to the terms of the paper marked No. 2, as I dare fay they will to u— v— — »' that marked No. 1. I believe, that whenever it ffiall be confidered, how far the de mands ofthe allies are by her Majefty's interpofition reduced, from what they formerly afked, and from what France herfelf would willingly have granted-, the fcheme of peace«, as it will ftand, when the propofitions made by the Queen ffiall be accepted, muft be thought fuch a bargain, as no fide can have reafon to complain of. And I beg your Grace's leave to make fome obfervations on the prin cipal heads. The States General have hitherto infifted on Conde in addition to the barrier offered them, on the four fpecies, and on all the de pendencies belonging to Ypres and Tournay now difputed. Their demand of Conde', the Queen confents fhould be dropped ; the four fpecies ffie has fo far given up in her own cafe, as to refer the dif- cuffion of them to Commiffioners, and ffie expeds that the States ffiould do the fame. Of the dependencies which are ftill controvert ed, two, viz. St. Amand and Mortagne (for the latter of which, the Dutch have the pretence of conveniency) the Queen is willing to oblige the Dutch to yield.- The other two, viz. Bailleul and Poperingue, (which are neither paffes nor fortreffes, and in the yielding whereof, nothing is concerned, but a little more, or a little lefs revenue), the Queen is defirous to preferve for the States; though your Grace has a power even of departing from the former, rather than not conclude. Surely, my Lord, upon a fair computation, the fum total of the conceflions made to France, will balance that of the conceffions made by France in this part of the plan which relates to Hol land. Upon the head of Bavaria, the French would do well to confider, what difadvantage their ftiffnefs as to the barrier of the empire 3 U 2 throws 5I6 STATE PAPERS, A N N E. throws all arguments under, which are made ufe of in favour of this Eledor. The propofition which my Lord Strafford made for him fome time ago, and which her Majefty thought the French intended to acquiefce in, is not without its difficulties ; yet even that appears to them not fufficient for this ally ; and they have^been trying by all the arts of negociation to get more for him. Though it might be expeded that the Queen fhould think herfelf under no obligation, fince the French minifters did not at firft accept what ffie offered in their mafter's name, yet her Majefty is ftill willing to ftand to that propofal, foftened and improved to the Eledor's advantage, as your Grace finds in the memorial that accompanies this letter. And the fingle queftion feems to be, whether France will be contented to accept, what, without the Queen's affiftance, they could never have hoped to obtain for the Eledor, or whether, they will defer then- peace with the Queen, and expofe the general treaty to new dangers, in order to play fuch a trick, as indiredly to endeavour to acquire Luxembourg, which they have in their general offers plainly yield ed. For this is, without difpute, the meaning of all this late ma nagement. I have reafon to believe, from the accounts which have come to my hands of what has paffed at Utrecht, that- the demand made for Portugal, will go very hardly down with the French court ; and yet furely there is nothing more reafonable for France to confent to, than what the Queen propofes* Portugal was entituled to demand a confiderable .'barrier; and whatever contempt the French minifters may think fit to treat the Portuguefe with, yet they ought to pay refped to this pretention, fince it was become her Majefty's pretenfion by the engagements ffie entered into when ffie made the treaty of 1 703. This barrier is at once given up, and in lieu thereof a pro- miffory fecurity only, is demanded of France and Spain. Now fince the STATE PAPERS. 517 the Portuguefe do. confent to accept of this fecurity in lieu of that A N n e.. which they had ftipulated for- themfelves, and fince the Queen's honour is concerned not to oblige them to part with one, without making the other effe&ual to them, it is to be confidered, that in Europe no attempt can be made upon this nation, which thecrown of Great Britain will not be almoft as much at hand to oppofe, as France or Spain can be, to carry it on ; but in Brazil the cafe is not the fame. The French * have there Aided themfelves into the neigh bourhood of the Portuguefe, they are every day ftarting.new preten fions, and making new encroachments upon them.* The Queen is at a diftance, and thofe feeble ill governed colonies may be overrun before the news of their being attacked will arrive at London. No thing therefore can be more juft, than for the Queen to exped, that, in confideration of what ffie yields, (for that expreffion may be properly ufed) in Europe, France ffiould yield fomething in America- Further, the navigation of the river of the Amazons, cannot but give umbrage even to the Spaniards. Whoever is informed, of the frefheft accounts which have come from thofe parts, and of the lateft difcoveries which have been made, will eafily perceive, what reafons. the Spaniards muft have for their apprehenfions. In fhort, my Lord, the fource of this river muft belong to the Spaniards, and the mouth of it to the Portuguefe, and neither the French, nor the Englifh, nor any other nation, muft have an avenue ^pen into that country. I am almoft afhamed to have ufed fo many words upon this fub jed, when I confider that I am arguing againft an advantage purely notional, when I am not proving that the French ought to give up what they have had an adual poffeffion of, but am barely defiring them to forego that, which they never enjoyed but in idea. , Your Grace may perhaps wonder why there is nothing faid in. the Paper No. 2, concerning the interefts of the Duke of Savoy;. * Surely he means the Spaniards. That matter, with others, was not wall fettled by. the treaty of Utrecht.. but 5i8 STATE' PAPERS, A N N E. but the reafon of it is, becaufe your Grace niuft, without giving up 1712-13. . . . ' <¦ „ the point, defer the determining or it. The Queen obferves, that in your Letter ofthe 16th, you. are pleafed to fay, that France will yield what had been afked for the Duke of Savoy, to him, upon condition that his Royal Highnefs will yield to them la Vallee de Barcelonette, avec les douze communauies dont elle ejl compofee.. By the letter from the Count de Maffei to me, which comes inclofed in No. 3, your Grace will perceive, that the French minifters at Utrecht, have made the propofition in ano ther manner, and have faid, that avec les terres propofe'es de la Comte de Nice, le Roy demandoit la Vallee de Barcelonette. We take It for granted, that the inftrudions of the French plenipotentiaries . were agreeable to What your Grace has writ; but thefe gentlemen, it feems, had a mind de faire les bans valets, and it is no wonder we do not know the true fenfe of the minifters of Savoy upon this offer of the French court, fince the King's minifters have hot truly ftated the offer to the minifters of his Royal Highnefs. ' It is therefore the Queen's pleafure, that your Grace ffiould open this matter to Monfieur de Torcy, and fhould let him know, that for this reafon the Queen has not fpoken fo peremptorily on this head, as ffie has done upon others ; but that her Majefty will infift to the laft to. obtain for his Royal* Highnefs, that which is neceffary for his fecurity, he giving the equivalent he has offered, or fomething equal to that equivalent, for it. Whether the Valley de Barcelonette be , that fomething or no, the Queen cannot yet determine ; and Upon this occafion, my Lord,- I cannot forbear making two reffedions on the condud which the French court has held, and the arguments which their minifters have ufed, in debating this part of the general treaty. Their firft reafon for the refufing the Duke of Savoy the addition which he demanded to his'barrier was, that this addition could not be looked upon as really and effentially neceffary to his fecurity. 5 Soon STATE PAPERS. 519 Soon after, they offered as an expedient for compromlfing the diffi- ANNE. culty, that the King fhould keep the villages demanded by the Duke, ' r ' but'bblige himfelf not to canton, at any time, troops in them. I appeal to your Grace, whether thofe who propofed this expedient, did not thereby very fully give up the arguments they had before infifted upon. Another objedion made on the part of France to this demand was, that the villages in queftion, were part of the antient domaine of the crown, which it feems his Majefty, upon no account whatfoever, can refolve to yield ; and yet this point of honour is to* be got over, and his domaine is to be parted with, provided the valley of Bar celonette be given in exchange. By what I have faid, your Grace perceives, that the Queen con tinues ftill of the fame opinion with refped to this article of the Duke of Savoy's demands, although ffie cannot fpeak fo pofitively of it as ffie would do, becaufe the falfe propofition made by the French Plenipotentiaries at Utrecht, has hindred her from knowing the fenfe of the Savoy minifters upon the true one. But I muft open another matter to your Grace, which renders her Majefty lefs zealous in this caufe than otherwife ffie would be, or at leaft makes her think it proper to give fome appearance of coolnefs. When Monf. DeMellarede was in England, he afked her Majefty's leave to form a body of Iriffi troops, which the Duke of Savoy pro pofed to take into hjs pay, for the garrifoning of Sicily. The Queeu did not think fit to agree to this propofal ; but in lieu thereof, Monf. De Mellarede was told, that her Majefty would furniffi his mafter with five old regiments of foot to be kept in Sicily. That in confideration of this, he ffiould be obliged, in cafe Minorca was at tacked, to fend land fuccours from Sicily thither; as her Majefty would be obliged, in cafe Sicily was attacked, to fend a fquadron of her fhips from Minorca thither. It is true indeed, thatMonf. DeMella rede" defired a projed of a convention for the entertainment of thefe troops •,; 520 STATE PAPERS. Anne, troops ; which was not at that time .given him, and which has been *¦ » —' very lately fent over. But the overture having been made to him, her Majefty is a good deal fhocked to find that his Royal Highnefs has not thought it worth his while to take the leaft notice of it. '• I have now gone through all which I had in command from her Majefty to your Grace, as to the manner of winding up the negoci ation. I fhall conclude this fubjed by faying that to you, which I am fure you will fay to the minifters of France, that the King has now the whole before him ; that the fear of pofterior demands (the old excufe for unfatisfadory anfwers), can no longer be given, and that we had better run the rifk of thofe confufions, which muft fol low the breaking the negociation, or even the protrading it, than fubmit to receive the law in fo arbitrary a manner as we muft do, if France refufes to fubfcribe to the plan now chalked out by the Queen. ^*"~ . * When I confider the clearnefs with which your Grace will exprefs thefe orders, the arguments with which ybu will back them, and that fpirit with which, I am fure, you will fupport the whole, I confefs I cannot have very much concern about the event. I ffiall not fail to difpatch the powers and inftrudions above-men tioned, to the Queen's Plenipotentiaries at Utrecht. I am, &c. Bolingbroke. STATE PAPERS. &ii No. IX. George i. 1714. V— — v — /' Lord S fairs Ewbaffy in France^ 1714, &d Fromtheori- ginals, in the ..-,•• • -poffeffion of [The objed of this noble Lord's embaffy was of the greateft im-. ^e ^} °f portance, and his manner of executing it the moft brilliant and fpirited. The former was to difcover and watch over the intrigues . ofthe Jacobites, when this royal family could not be faid to have a firm eftabliffiment on the throne ; and to cement a friendfhip with the regent Duke of Orleans, whofe fteadinefs could not al ways be depended upon, though his political interefts and thofe of King George the Firft were the fame. No ambaffador ever exceeded, and few have equalled, the fplendid and magnificent table, equipage, and train of -domeftics, by which Lord Stair's em baffy was diftinguiffied. . . The following tfanfcripts and ex trads are from the originals In his own hand. They will fhew the manner in which, on his firft arrival at Paris, he formed his connedions with, the, Duke d'Or-. leans and his favourite du Bois^ as well as his private fentiments to his friend Secretary Craggs, on feveral material points of his ' * negociations. The firft openings of Lord Bolihgbroke's return to his duty,, and his being, in confequence, reftored to his eftate and country, are likewife brought to light in thefe papers ; and the tranfadion does honour to both thofe noble Lords. The private treaty with Lord Mar, and the anecdotes about the famous Mr. Law, likewife deferve attention. It may not be improper to obferve, that as King George the Firft was not a mafter of Englifh, a great deal of the foreign correfpondence in the Secretary's office was carried on in French ; and this accounts for the ufe which Lord Stair made of that lan guage in his difpatches and private minutes.] ' Vou II. ' 3 X St r GEORGE I. I7'4- STATE PAPF^.RSr Draught of a Meworial to the Duke of Marlborough^.. £ap\ai\ General of the., A^wy%, •ypUR Grace is better able than, any. man to gjve teftimony for-- the army as to their behaviour; in the late war. They had* been inftruments of prefeyving thq' liberties of Europe,- and hutn- bling the exorbitant power o£ France.- Tfye war was upon the point- of being brought to a happy conclufion, and the army looked for the: reward of their good fervicjes, when we had a new miniftry and, new maxims. The fervices- done in the war went for nothing. The only- merit now^was to preach up a feparate pea$e with France* and ther abandoning al). our, allies. The, army, obeyed, the Queen with great fubmiflibnj but could) not be brought to commend the meafures of theminiftry, which they too plainly faw tended to, unravel; all the. fuccefs of the. war, and tr> bring deffrudipn' upon their own eountry and upon all Europe. It will be expedited from, your Gracer_ that-,. yon! reprefent, to his Majefty the hardffiips: that a very great number of- the : beft officers ©f the army that, have ferved with the moft diftin&ion> lie under,. for their firm adherence to the proteftant fuccefllqn and„to the-intereft: of their country. It is very well kuown. that it was the honefty andi the refolution of the army, that fupported the fpirit of thofe, who» were friends to the. prpjteftant fucceffion. The army was .never to> berfhaken in that pointy notwithftanding all the arts and endeavours- that were ufed to bring them over to a. contrary intereft. This is a truth fo very well known, that it does not need; to be proved; but we ffiall take the liberty to layfome fa,ds before yourr Grace to fet it in a clear fight. * From the contents it appears that this was writ towards the clofe of 1714, after Lord' Stair's arrival in France. A* STATE PAPERS. 523 Ais foon as trie late miniftry had got the Queen's authority into ge6rgei. their hands, the firft ftep they tobk to aftonifh the army', was to break three general officers who had ferved very well in the war, under pretence of their being difaffeded to them, without any proof or acciifation, or council of war. Your Grace being foon afterwards renibved from the command of the army, and the Duke of Ormond put at the head of it, and the officers continuing firm in the intereft of their country ahd the pro teftant fucceffion'; neW examples were thought neceffary to intimi date the army. Sir Richard Temple, who had ferved with great dif- tindion ih all the war, arid who had nothing to be laid to his charge but his not concurring, in the Houfe of Commons, with the then faffiionable meaffcresof making a feparate peace with France, arid de ferring the common caufe of the allies, was difcharged from the Queen's fervice, and had his regiment taken from him^ without any: other caufe alledgedi than that her Majefty had no further occafion for his fervice. Lieutenant Colonel Coote had his company of the guards taken ' from him for no other reafon, that appeared, but his being prefent at the burning of the Pretender and drinking his prefent Majefty's health, &c. All arts were again ufed to gain2 over the 'officers 0^ the army. Thofe who were fufpeded of Jacobitifm were courted and advanced; thofe who were known to be firm to the proteftant' fucceffion, were hegleded, vexed and ill ufed," that they might be provoked to leave the fervice ; and thofe who were brought into the army, were, for the moft part, fuch as profeffed themfelves zealous promoters of the new [meafures. ; Lieutenant General Cadogan was forced to fell his regiment. When any officer afked preferment, he was afked if he would ferve the Queen in her own way ; if he would come into the Queen's meafures ; and obey her Majefty in every thing without afking queftions. 3X2 The »7*4- 5M STATE ,RA PER S, , ceorgei. The General of/ the army clofetted great . numbers of officers of every regiment, afking them thefe queftions", down to the rank;o£ Captain. .-¦¦'¦ .' ,nn There was an inquifition fet on fopt In every regiment, and fpies^ put in pay in all public places, to whifper officers out of their em ployments. The laft year of the Queen's reign, after the chufing; of a new Parliament, the Pretender's title was publicly affiled, many books printed in defence of. it, and very openly owned in converfation. The proteftant fucceffion was, in. all the pamphlets and daily papers, writ by authority, vilified and contemned. The Queen having been ill about Chriftmas laft, and it being ap prehended her Majefty might die foon ;; the resolution of purging ( the army was openly declared. The Duke of Argyle, the Earl of ; Stair, and Major General Davenport, were ordered to leave the army. They had fucceffors named to them,, and prices appointed.. Several Captains of the foot guards were ordered to fell, and twcv gentlemen who had been papifts till very lately, Were brought into. to be Captains in the guardsv , . ,.,.,.. Black lifts were made of every regiment, according to which the. army was to be purged, as they called it ; by which officers were profcribed, generally fpeaking, as they had moft merit in the- fervice,* and as they were known to be beft affeded to the proteftant fuccef fion. Thefe lifts were credibly reported" to. exceed the officers in other regiments, befides a great number in the guards, and a hun dred and fifty half pay officers. The alarm theParliament took' at the garbling the army, put a Hop to it for fome time ; but the Par liament being up, it was juft going to break out again with greater violence. Several officers were under adual condemnation,, when it. pleafed God the Queen died, Now it being plain that the officers in the army did adually facri- fice" all they had, rather than concur In any thing contrary to the in tereft of the proteftant fucceffion ; it is hoped that your Grace will reprefent STATE PAPER'S. 3^5 feprefent their cafe, as it truly is, to his Majefty. - And they are geokgei. firmly perfuaded that his Majefty, having their cafe fairly laid be fore him, and being apprifed how they renounced the fruit of alf their fervices, and chofe rather to want bread, than to contribute to the overturning the proteftant fucceffion and to the ruin of their coun try ; they'are perfuaded, I fay, his Majefty is too good to leave them, who fuffer only for his fake, to ftarve, whilft thofe who have, in every thing, done what lay in their power to oppofe his Majefty's. Intereft. and to defeat his fucceffion, are intrufted with the principal military employments ; by which means the. fafety of his. majefty's. perfon, and the defence of the kingdom, are intrufted into their hands, who have been the principal and. moft forward inftruments. of raifing up the power of France, of debafing the honour and in tereft of their own country, and finally of doing, what in. them lies*. to fet afide the proteftant fucceffion.. Your Grace knows, very well that my attachment to his, Majefty's- intereft, is the reafon why I not only had no recompence for my own and father's fervices,. which, your Grace knows, at fome timer had been very agreeable to the late Queen,, but why I was at laft. turned out of the army- As my only ambition is to deferve well of my country, in fervlngr the King faithfully, efpecially in the army, I ffiould with great plea fure embrace every opportunity of putting myfelf In that way of being ufeful to his Majefty ; and as I am very little fond of making a great. eftate, I ffiould not balance one moment to lay down- the fum. your Grace mentions, that I might again have the honour to command a=. regiment to ferve the king, if my circumftances were not fo narrow that,. I am afraid, my friends would have reafon to complain of me, if I ventured to bring any more debt upon my family, confidering the ill ftate of my health. If '7'4- "V Sz6 S TATE PAPERS; George I. If your Grace can forgive my, troubling you with a, detail of my .affairs, I will lay them before you in as few words as Lean, and leave the. determination of, what is fit for me to do, in this matted (entirely, to your Grace. When I have fold five hundred pounds per annum of my eftate, I have remaining about ffve thoufand pounds of debt, which I was Iiopeful to have been able to have paid off, in three or four years' time, if I had merit enough to deferve bread from the King. His majefty employs me in a ftation of great honour and truft, but where the .appointments are very far from being fufficient to ^defray the expence I muft neceffarily be at. I will give you my word, as things; are here now, my ordinary allowance will not pay my houfe rent, my fervants, and my ftables ; fo that, with all the " part of that fum i and in cafe his Majefty ffiall think I can fub- fift longer without, that pay, I ffiall be willing it be applied to- the payment of the money advanced till the whole be repayed. I beg pardon for entering into all this tedious difagreeable de tail. I fubmit the whole matter to your Grace, to reprefent the matter to his Majefty, in. whole- or in part, as you ffiall thinki moft proper, to know his Majefty's pleafure upon it. As to my felf, I put myfelf entirely into your Grace's hands, to determine: abfolutely as you think beft. I fhall be fatisfied. with whatever you do. 528 GEORGE I. 17 1 5. STATE PAPERS.- ExtraSis from Lord Stairs Journal at Paris in 171 5, \and 1716*-. 1X7EDNESDAY, January the 23d, at night, arrived at Paris; faw nobody that night but Mr. Law. Friday z ph. Waited on Mr. -de Torcy with Mr. Prior ; he received me very civilly, but I thought coldly. Tuefday was appointed for my ' feeing the King. Dined with Monfieur de Torcy ; after dinner walked a little in the gardens of Verfailles. We talked of the peace fr Prior could fay little in the defence -of it ; faid plainly that he> thought fifteen per Cent, had ftill- been , granted us on the Spanifh. trade. Told me the ftory of Lord Peterboroug'h ; how, in place of hearing the Queen's death from the courier near Calais, he knew it . at Paris,, and afterwards went and had . audience of, the French King, and immediately look poft for England. Mr., Prior feemed altogether unknowing as to the affair of Mardyke ; never fo have had any inftrudions about the canal whilft it' was making ; and. to have concerned himfelf.no farther about it fince the giving the me^( morials he had been appointed to give, without having heard one word of it fince his giving in the laft. February ift. Received a meffenger with orders from the King for ' Mr. Prior to deliver his papers, and me to receive them, to be tranf- mitted into England. I went to Prior, who ffiewed me the journal taken of his letters ; they were booked ; he put the books into my hands ; had a good deal of pain to let them go; however, I car ried them off. He came to me in the afternoon, and ffiewed me with how much freedom he had writ, and how unfit it was that fuch * The Earl of Stair went firft in an inferior charafler, bat was appointed Ambaffador to »he French Court, foon after the death of Louis XIV. t Of Utrecht. things 9 '7'S- STATEPAPERS. SS9 things ffiould be feen ; and that there were many letters relating George r. to his own private bufinefs. Propofed I ffiould copy what I thought fit here ; and that it fhould be done at the fight of the Secretary of ^State in England ; he keeping the books. I promifed to write. July. In the beginning of this month, we had all the ftories of the King's difpleafure againft Lord Stair, and how ill they made their Court that faw him. That having made a good deal of noife, to give a turn to it, or, may be, to hinder Lord Stair to make any refledion as to the caufe, Mr. de Villeroy contrived a party when they were to dine together, which they did. Tuefday oth. At the Muette, at Monfieur d'Armenonville's *,' where there was the Marechal Tallard and Monfieur d'Alegre. After dinner, Lord Stair had a conference with the Marechal. When he complained of the ufage he met with, the Marechal denied the fad that the King had fpoken in the manner it was faid about rParis • affured him he fhould fee that every body would be extremely civil to him, and that the Court was refolved to keep great meafures with the "Court of Britain ; that I might depend upon it, that they would not affift the Pretender diredly or indiredly ; that there was no fuch thing as any intention to camp any troops at Dunkirk, or to work there. He fpoke with fo much the air of fincerity that I believed him. He begged I would fee Monfieur de Torcy on Thurfday ; and affured me, that I would find him difpofed to foften things fo, that we ffiould have reafon to be better fatisfied with him. Tuefday i ith. I went to Monfieur Torcy 's, at the Marechal's de fire, refolved to put what I had to fay, as to Majorca, in writing, by way of memorial, that I might have no occafion to quarrel with Torcy. It did not avail. I had the moft unaccountable difpute with him, when he ufed me like a dog, without any provocation. ,* * Keeper of the Seals. Vol, II. 3 Y rHere . 53° STATE PAPERS. george I. (Here follows the account of that remarkable converfation In Lord t Stair's own hand. He never faw that Minifter afterwards.] ' Relation d'une converfation qu avoit Monfieur le Comte de Stair, avec Monfieur de Torcy. A Paris le nth de Juillet 17 15. . - My Lord Stair etant alle chez Monfieur le Marquis de Torcy ky dit, que fondeffein etoit de luy porter un memoire,, mais, comme ii..,- n'etoit pas copie au net, il auroit l'honneur de 1'envoier l'apres dine, Monfieur de Torcy ayant demande de quoy le Memoire tiaitoit, my Lord Stair repondit, qu'il etoit touchant l'affaire de Majorque *, & luy dit, en peu de mots, le contenu. La deffus Monfieur le Marr quis de Torcy prit occafion de paffer par tous les pas qu'avoient ete faits dans cette negociation. * A la fin my Lord Stair ditj qu'etant convenu d'une fufpenfion d'armes, on croioit en Angleterre, que la bonne foy demandoit, qu'avant que de recommences les hoftilite's, on eut averti que le Traite etoit rompu; et demanda a Monfieur le Marquis de la Torcy, s'il ne croioit pas de meme ? Monfieur de Torcy ayant repondu que non, my Lord Stair repligua, Cela etant* Monfieur, il faut bien que l'idee que vous avez de la- bonne foy, fqit tout differente de celle que nous avons. Yoila les paxoleg precifes,. que my Lord Stair a dit. La deffus, Monfieur Torcy fe mit dans une colere extraordinaire, et repetant plufieurs fois les paroles de bonne foy, et, ecumant a la bouche, dit, Ce n'eft pas icy qu'il faut parler de la bonne foy. Notre bonne foy eft reconnue par tout; c'eft bien a. vous de parler de bonne foy, qui venez icy nous tromper, par des negociations fiemtes; je vous apprendrai, que ce n'eft pas icy qu'il faut venir m'infulter j et, ouvrant la porte, dit, Sortez Monfieur. My Lord Stair dit, s'approchant de la porte, Monfieur, vous oubliez ce que vous etes, et ce que je fuis. Par plufieurs raifons, je ne m'at- • The Emperor and Spain continued the war, after the treaty of Utrecht; and Majorca was then in poffeffion of the Imperialifts. 3 tendois STATE PAPERS. . 531 tendors pas a un pareil traitement ; mais je m'appercois bien, que ce GEORGE 1. que j'ay oui dire eft vrai, que vous eftes d'opinion, qu'il ne faut pas <¦ « ' garder de mefures avec L 'Emperor, ni avec le roy mon maitre, qui pourtant font des Princes affez confiderables en Europe. Monfieur, dit Monfieur de Torcy a my Lord Stair, deja forti de la porte, je vous apprendray qu'on ne m'infialte pas, et qu'on ne me parle pas de bonne foy. Monfieur, luy dit my Lord Stair, je vois que vous etez en colere, mais je ne feais pas vous avoir donne lieu de vous facher. Je me fuis plaint, que I'Efpagne reeommeflf oit les hoftilite's, pendant le cours d'un traite, ou on etoit convCnu d'une cef- • fatkra d'armes. J'ai dit que cela ne convenoit pas a l'idee que j'avois de la bramne foy. Je n'ai pas parle de vous, ni %u que vous etiez auteurdececonfeil ; je croiois que la Franee n'y "avoit nulie part. Alors Moafieur de Torcy parut fe radoueir un peu. My Lord Stair rentra dans le cabinet, et repeta les paroles -qui avoient caufe la colere de Monfieur de Torcy. II conviat, 'qu'il les repeta juftes, & tomfea d'acdords qu'il n'avoit pas lieu de s'en ofltenfer. My Lord Stair dit, qu'il avoit trop de refped pour le roy fon maitre, pour dire des paroles injurieufes ou rfnpolies a fon Miniftre. Lord Stair fe plaignit, en fhke, du traitement que Monfieur de Torcy luy avoit fa£t, et iiuy dk, .qru'rl voiaiit, par la difpofrtidn que lui Monfieur de Torcy avoir,' de s'emportier jcbntre hiy, -que eeux qui avoient averti my Lord Stair, que hii Marquis de Torcy avoit ajgri, l'efprit du Roy centre luy, aiPoierrt dk la verite; qu'il fe dou- tpit bien, par plucfieurs chofes, que luy, Marquis.de Torcy, etoit > d'opinion, iju'il ne falloit pas garder des niefuir.es avec l'Empereur,; ni.avec le Roy de la .Grande .Bretagne, qui.asFokinC, pburtaint, fait voir, qu'ils etoient, l'un et 1 'autre, des Princes fort confiderables. en Europe; et que le temps pourrok venir, que .'le Roy reconnoitroit, que ceux qui luy donnoient de tcis confeils, ie iaiflpient conduire par leurs pa^ffions,. plus .qiOfi- par Wtitereft de leur m'aitre ; et que le Mar-' quis 8t Torcy pourrdi't fort bien fe repentir de brouUier le Roy fon 3 Y 2 maitre, 532 ST ATE PA P< E R Si GEORGE I. maitre, avec fes voifins les plus confiderables, qui ne demandoient pas mieux que de vivre en paix, et en amkie avec luy." * Friday \ith. I gave an account- of what had happened, in a rela tion inclofed in a letter to the Marechal de Villeroy. I wrote this night a long letter to Mr. Secretary, by Mr. Raw- worth, who went into England by Diepe, I gave him an account of what had paffed between. Monfieur Torcy and me, and of the ftate of affairs here ; and that I thought they now cpoled in the de fign they had to affift the Pretender. Sunday 14th. Gordon,, the meffenger, being arrived from Lon don, with Mr. Stanhope's letter of the 27th of June, O. S. with affurance that the fecret had been inviolably kept there ; I ffiewed the letter to j* in whom I have of late obferved a good deal of coldnefsi I gave him at the fame time, an account of what had happened between Monfieur de Torcy and Lord Stair; at which he feemed furprized and vexed. Wednefday 17th. I had an account by that the Court put Torcy intirely in the right, and that their refentment was carried higher and higher againft me; fo far that the Marechal advifed Monfieur Torcy to be cautious how he faw me, nor often. That made me begin to take a little more notice of the report I found. ftill continuing, of the Pretender's going into Britain. Monday 22d. I hear more and more of the Pretender's defign. I was refolving to fend into Lorrain when I received Mr. Secretary's^ letter of the^2Qth by Turner the meffenger, by which it ap pears they are much alarmed in England with the Pretender's. intention to land immediately. He recommends to me, to fave no> pains nor expence to be well informed. Wednefday 14th. I fent Barton into Lorrain, to be informed of the * The Editor has not tranflated the papers f There are feveral blanks and initials in. writ in French; taking it for granted, that the journal, which, as it was kept by Lord this work will meet with few readers, to whom -Stair, only for his own ufe, cannot be decy- that language is not familiar. phered by any one elfe.. Pretender's STATE PAPER S. 333 Pretender's motions. I met the Abbe' du Bois in a wood, and gave George I. him an account of the intelligence I had concerning the defign, ^ which he feemed pofitively not to believe. I told him, that we ex peded from his mafter*, only juftice in the affair of Mardyke y. and that, for the reft, we were ready to concert meafures with him for fecuring him the regency, and, in cafe of other accidents, the crown. I defired he would be particularly careful in informing himfelf concerning the Pretender's defigns, and how far the Court meddled with him. I did not think, in all this matter, the AbbeL aded with all that franknefs I might have expeded from him. I fet. a man to obferve Lord Bolingbroke* That night I difpatched Barton with a letter in cypher, of which I kept a copy. I had fent for Mr. H. f yefterday, who came to me: this afternoon, after he had been with Monfieur Torcy in the morn ing, which he denied. He made me give him a- letter to. fhew j, which I did, though doubtful of his fincerity. He defires to have. a. regiment in the fervice of Hanover, promifed to do his part to dif cover what was doing for the pretender. Friday 2.6th. In the morning I faw the Marechal de Villeroy wkfo whom I had a long conference concerning Torcy's quarrel. I put him upon the ftory of the Pretender ;. he affured me the Court would not affift him; particularly that they were not to work at Mardyke; that Le Blanc had got no money for that purpofe ; that there would: be no body of troops camped there ; was extremely civil and oblig ing ; faid nothing towards accommodating the affair with Torcy. I told him I had forborn till Sunday laft to give an account of it. Dif patched Wilcox, who arrived from Spain on Thurfday. I faw the: Abbe to-day, who gave me an account that the Duke of Orleans, had received mighty kindly what I had faid from the King ; that he.- * Duke of Orleans. . Hooke's name at foil length, and fully + Who is this Mr. H. ? Can it poffibly be proves that he had a coiySeflion with. Lord*: Hooke?^-A fubfequent article in this jour- Stain nal. at Tuefday, Auguft 6th,. has Mr. , * - would* 534 STATE F\A P E R S. GEORGE i. WOuld take the firft opportunity to fee me, to tell me himfelf that ¦ I?1^ _f he perfedly agreed to what was defired. The Abbe told me, the Duke knew' nothing ofthe Pretender's defign, and did not belief it. I have not liked the Abbe's way a good while. >.- Saturday 27th. I talked to D of his going into Lorrain, and put him upon fpeaking. to the Duke of Orleans, of the Preten der's defign, as of himfelf, and to talk of his going into Lorrain to fee what was a doing. Saladin * told me the ftory of Bolingbtokels amour with Madam Tencin f, and his meeting the Pretender liipan the road. Sunday 28th. D ¦ came to town, told me the Duke of Orleans v had advifed, if he Went to Lorrain, to fay nothing to the D- , who was engaged in the Pretender's defign, which would appear h. lefs than a fortnight ; that he was certainly to go, but would not fucceed. Of this I gave an account this very night by Turner, but kept no copy of my letter, nor of that by Mr. Leore. I had rea-fons % for fo doing. Monday 29th. This day the B^ owned to Mr. Saladin, that the Pretender was to go into Britain ; they calculate having the people all oVer the ifland for them. ! B came back from Bar. The Pretender is ftill there whh the Queen || ; every thing quiet, and fevv- people there. They talk of' his going to Britain; when his mother comes back, he will pro bably Tet but. Mr. Burit told me his letters from Spain fay, the' Spanifh fleet with the troOps is gone to the Groyne, which gives a, colour for my fufpicion of the embarkation being defig^iddi againft us, which indeed is improbable; but, without force, the Pye tender-V expedition appfea-rs quite chknerieal. * He was a Genevois, and employed on Cardinal -Tencin ; -fh'e was "as 'farrfou's Jn Iter public affairs by fome of the Swifs Cantons ; way, and lived to a.great age. a great intriguer. J^ They mull have been oTa lingular kind. f Madam Tencin, filler to the famous Jjj His mother. , Tuefday STATE PAPERS. , S3S Tuefday $oth. I faw Saladin, who tells me that an Abbe', who George i. has been feveral times in England for their affairs, fays the Queen- mother is againft the Pretender's going without troops. He him felf is very pool, and the party very preffing. Lord Bolingbroke, faw him twice. Ambaffador of Sicily was here at night. In the Tuileries met with Sobere the Genoefe ; he apprehends the Spanifh fleet have a defign upon Final, to be given to the Duke of Savoy, to help for ward his accommodation with the Emperor and that of the King of Spain, which France defires. Wednefday 31/?. I faw Bernard *, who told me this Court cer tainly gave not, and were not in a condition to giye, a penny to* the Pretender ; that, if they did, it muft pafs through his hands. He told me, the Council would refufe Law's projed, -there being no foundation for the bank he propofes, in a country where every thing depends on the King's pleafure. I met Remond, who told me, .that Torcy " fremit a mon nom, et qu'il ne me pardonne pas d'avoir etc fi calme, quand il s'em- portoit tant." I flipped at Bernard's. Auguf ift, Thurfday. The diminution of the fpecle does not take place, by an edid come out to-day. There feenis to be a flop in the Pretender's goingj by the difcourfe of his friends. I fent the Dodor's man to obferve the Duke of Berwick, who went out of town yefterday. At- the Tuileries the news was., that the Pre tender was gone or juft going ; that there were rifings in England, and a formed rebellion in the Highlands of Scotland ; and that Lord Oxford was in the Tower. Lord Bolingbroke had received great packets by a courier come from England. Though news came from England, I received no letters from the office. Cathcart tells me Barton was arrived from me. Lord Ox- • Probably the famous banker at Paris,. ford 536 STATE PAPERS. GEORGE L for^ js {n the Tower ; great diforders in Staffordfhire ; the Com- I *7 1 C ' mons paffed the bill againft riots ; addrefs the King in a very warm manner, taking hold of Lord Anglefea's words. Monf. d'Aberville's complaints againft me ; but the King and the Court fatisfied with my behaviour. The Abbe' Dubois came to me this morning incognito ; he feemed to know nothing of the Pretender's defign, and would juftify the intentions of this Court. I afked him coldly, if he had feen the Duke of Orleans ; and told him, I would not afk him to tell me any thing he thought proper to keep fecret. He was to go to Marli, and give me an account of what he had learned at his return. I had news from Clermont, that the Duke of Berwick's people are perfuaded that the Pretender is to go into England immediately, and the Duke is to be of the party ; his clothes and things are packed for a journey. He receives expreffes every day from Marli and from Bar. Some days ago there was a perfon there whom the fer-. •vants note to be one of the late Queen's chief minifters. Saturday -$4. Another account from Clermont ; thefe people ftill exped to go. Gordon has in a manner promifed to get me the Pre tender's declaration. Lord B * and Lord H n ridicule the report of his going, as contrived by the minifters ; they fend Savage here for intelligence. dined with me; he fays Lord Bolingbroke brags he will make the government repent their letting him come into France, for that he will do them more mifchief than they are aware of; that the party increafes every day, and will foon get the better of the Whigs; makes terrible refledions upon the Pr j-, and fpeaks with contempt of the King. He declares he has nothing to manage, and that he will keep no meafures. He complains" much of me, and triumphs in the ill treatment I meet with here. * Probably Lord Bolingbroke. f So in the manufcript. I find STATEPAPERS. 537 I find he has fpies that come to pick up every word I fay in my george i. houfe. ( Sunday ^th. This morning at four, Gordon the meffenger ar rived with Mr. Secretary's letter of the 20th Old Stile, with an ac count that the King had that day been to the Houfe of Lords to pafs the riot bill ; that, upon that occafion, he had given an account to the Parliament of the Pretender's defign to invade the kingdom ; and therefore defires their affiftance to put the kingdom in a pofture of defence againft the rebellion. Tumults raifed within, and the invafion threatened abroad. This produced the fame day addreffes from both houfes in moft warm and hearty terms, promifing to ftand by his Majefty with their lives and fortunes ; and the Com mons defiring his Majefty to augment his land-forces, and the num ber of fhips at fea for the defence of the kingdom. They had, that morning, received my letter by Turner, writ on the 28th, giving an account that the Pretender's projed was formed, and that it was to appear in a fortnight from D.'s converfation with the Duke of Orleans. Monday $th. This morning there was a letter from D to his wife ; that he has paffed at Bar, where there feemed to be no immediate defign of ftirring, but expedation of new6 from Britain. He left it on Friday to repair that way in four or five days. Tuefday 6th. I have no news of the Abbe7, which makes me think the Duke of Orleans is willing to let the affair of the Pretender take its train without meddling with it; and indeed the Abbe's pro ceeding of late has been what I have not liked. To night we had the news that the Pretender had adually gone from Bar on Saturday laft. The whole town feemed to believe it ; it came from a fecretary of the Duke de Bourbon's. All the Jacobites feem to believe it, and there is a great motion amongft them. Villars, whom J met in the Thuilleries, affured me, that the Pre tender would not embark, if he went, at any of the ports in France. Voi. II. 3 Z Hooke 538 STATE PAPERS, George I. Hooke Is gone back to Verfailles without feeing me, after having been again with Torcy on Thurfday laft. Wednefday ph. The news of the Pretender's being gone conti nued in the morning. The Jacobites feem perfuaded of It. . Ogilvy promifed Mr. Crawford the declaration ; at night he refufed to give it ; and they feem down and difcontented. This nVG-rni-ng at four o'clock, I had a meffenger ^wifh a "letter from Mr. Stanhope of the 24th. They are unea'fy to have had no letter from me fince mine of the 20th, hy Turner ; gives me an account ofthe •railing of thirteen regiments of dragoons and eight of fodt, and of Duke Ormond's going off. Impatient to know what is become of him. Thurfday'Bth. This morning T bad the news that the Duke of Or mond came to town laft night. Lord Bolingbroke "lias yielded taffy's houfe "to him. I went to fee Heraclius * ; a play they had put upon the ftage, upon the occafion of the "Pretender's going. They made fome railleries Upon the play and allufions. I told them coldly, I fuppofed it had not been contrived to entertain the Duke of Or- mond. Villars and his Lady were there. Duke of Ormond dined to-day with Torcy. Friday Cjth. H is Grace of Ormond dined with the Duke d'Au- mont,' who carried him to the Opera. Lord Bolingbroke. .and he fupped with Lord Galmoy. His Grace has declared he Intends to take no notice of me. Saturday # loth. 'I wrote by the pcJft to give Mr. Secretary an ac count of the Duke of Ormond's arrival and his behaviour here* and that the fpirits ofthe Jacobites feemed to be quite down. Sunday nth. I went to the Tuileries, met Mr. Villeroy, who feemed mortified. Met the Duke of Bourbon, who told me the Duke of Orleans told him he was to talk to me on Tuefday. He * A famous play of Corneille, where a real prince and an ufurperare brought on thertage. / , goes STATEPAPERS. 539 goes into the country for ten days. He told me the >King fails george i. a-pace ; his ftomach is quite gone. They feem now fond of having fomething fettled with the Duke of Orleans, now they fee we have got the better of the oppofi tion in England. The Marechal de Villeroy, by Saladin, advifed me yefterday to fee the King, with the affurance that I ffiould be well received. At night D * arrived. He left Bar on Friday in the even ing. He tells me they feemed apprehenfive he had fome defign upon the Chevalier's perfon ; that they had appeared diffident of him ; but that they ffiewed him the news from England, the votes of the 26th, owning that their hopes were at an end. There was but five or fix people with him. He afked for the young people; was anfwered, they were all gone to their regiments. Howard told him they believed Lord Bolingbroke had not feen the Cheva lier ; but that he was in correfpondence with Higgins. HIggins feemed much; to lift-en to D.'s difcourfe, of giving the Chevalier a penfion to live at Rome, and wanted to know if he fpoke by confultation. Monday 12th. Ogilvy again promifed Mr, Crawford the decla ration. They do not deny the defign of the invafion, but feem to have loft all their hopes. Went to Verfailles at night with Hufke^-, faw the King fup. He looked mighty ill, came late into the room with great pain, fupported upon a ftick. Saw the Marechal de Villeroy at fupper. He was mighty civil to me, and took notice of my good humour ; that evening Baron Kniphaufen told me, there had been one of Torcy's people with him, very inquifitive if I was not to afk an audience of the King. Torcy feems to apprehend it much. I did not anfwer his queftion. * One of Lord Stair's fpies, mentioned Lord Cadogan's Aid-de-camp in Flanders above. and Scotland, and ferved during the war of f Afterwards General Hulke. He was 1744. 3 Z 2 Tuefday 540 STATE PAPERS. George I. Tuefday h&h. I came too late for the King's levee, having, ftaid »7'5 making notes of what I intended to fay to the King. He was car ried to church, and looked very ill. I afked to fpeak to the King by the Baron de Bretueil *. I was told it could only be by Torcy. The Marechal told me fo after wards ; but that there was need of doing no more than afking the audience by Torcy, without telling him what I was to fay. I told the Marechal, that in the way Torcy had ufed me, I defired to have no communication with him, till he had thought fit to ffiew that he was forry for what he had faid to me; but if I muft needs undertake that mortification, whenthe King my mafter's fervice re quired I fhould fpeak to the King, I would pafs over my refentr ments ; but that, at the fame time, I muft look upon it as a hard- ffiip put upon me. The Marechal advifed me to fee Torcy, and affured me that I ffiould be well received. I faw the King dine, who looked exceedingly ill ; fpoke with a broken voice ; and could not eat. He feemed uneafy to fee me at the table. The courtiers looked . hideoufly upon me. I went to dine with the Marechal De Villeroy, who afked me, after dinner, if I had not feen Torcy. I told him my bufinefs with the King was not fo very preffing, but that I could delay it ; and till I had- fomething very preffing I would not go to Torcy, till he had done me fome civility, upon what had paffed between him and me. I told him I had ffiown, may be, too much facility in having this matter accommodated ; but that if it went further, I ffiould be obliged to put it upon another foot ; and tBen, may be, it would not be fo eafy to be taken away- The Marechal ufed many arguments to induce me to go to Torcy, but I was firm. I told the Marechal, that as long as they kept the Pretender in Lorrain; indeed in France, for Bar is a fief of France, as long as * Introduftor of ambaffadors. there STATE PAPERS, 541 there was that intimacy between the declared enemies of our King George i. and his government, as there was between the moft Chriftian King's minifters and thofe gentlemen lately come from England^ k was to- no purpofe to think of cultivating a correfpondence betwixt the two nations. Marquis d'Alegre followed me from the Marechal's. I told him< what had paffed, and my refolution; he expreffed great inclination to hive the thing done away, and went back to the Marechal to con cert fome expedient. I went from thence to the Duke of Orleans, with whom I had a long conference. He told me the ftate of the King's health, and his hopes; the trick Torcy had played him with the King, and his conference with the King and with Torcy upon the fubjed. He owned he knew Of the Pretender's defign, and that the King had been much preffed to affift him, but had refufed ; that, how ever, the Pretender had refolved to try his fortune ; and his de fign had been juft upon the point of being put in execution; but that his hopes were "now fallen, and the defign quite given over. I took notice that he, nor none for him, had ever given us the leaft notice of that defign ; and complained of the coldnefs I had' found in the Abbe, which, I reckoned, proceeded from his thinking that it was not fit for the Duke of Orleans to meddle in the mat ter. He faid, fince he few the Pretender was to do that matter by himfelf, it was not worth his while to take notice of the defign,. fince he was well affured it would come to nothing ; that if he had feen France ready to affift him, he would certainly have given me notice. The excufe is a bad one, but I received* it. Then I told him how firmly the King was refolved to fupport his intereft, defiring only juftice in. the affair of the canal. He made me repeat what we defired, which was the demoliffiing the: fluices, and a pofitive engagement there never ffiould be any port there, or within thofe banks which made the road ; which, he, upon hia S42 , STATE PAPERS. george I. his honour, engaged to oblige himfelf to in form, as foon as he y. -„'^j ffiould be in a condition to perform what we afked. I came to Paris that night. Wednefday 14th. By all was faid to me yefterday by the Marechal, and by the Duke of Orleans, I was much confirmed in my ap- prehenfions concerning their ways of being informed Of What. I did. Wrote this afternoon to England, a long private letter, with/ the detail of every thing here, of which I kept no copy. Friday 16th. The King's illnefs ftill continues, though every morning they tell us he is better. He is carried in the afternoon to Madame Maintenon's, where there Is mufick ; but he has great pain&: in his thigh and legs ; drinks much in the night,' and does not fleep. They have fent for the waters of Bourbon. Monday igth. I went to Verfailles, where I faw the King fup. He looked better than I could have expeded. I was told the freffinefs of his colour came from his Inward heat. He eat little; and was wheeled out in his chair. It is declared that the King does not go to Fontainbleau. Tuefday 20th. The King paffed the night very ill ; lay a-bed all day ; they are refolved to give him the Jefuits bark. The review, which the King was to have made of the gendar-. merie from his balcony, put off to Marli, where the Duke de* Maine is to review them to-morrow. That furprifes a good many people. The report is whifpered about ftrongly, as if Madame Maintenon was labouring hard, to be declared Queen, and regent ; Duke of Orleans friends alarmed. Thurfday 2zd. Duke of Orleans went to the review at Marli, where the Df. was. He faluted the D. at the head of his ¦ two companies. Duke of Maine and the % Ch only paffed them in fquadron, and went away feeming much difconcerted. There * The King^s favourite fon, by Madame f I think this means th* Dauphin. Montefpan. J So in MS. was STATEPAPERS. 543 was a great confultatlon of phyficians, when it was refolved to try to GEORGE 1. flop the feyer by the bark ; to give the King affes milk, and whey ; to drink no wine, no meat, nor fweetmeats. Friday 23^. The Abbe then fent to meet me in the Tuileries. He feems not alarmed at any defigns upon the Duke of Orleans ; thinks his party fo ftrong, that nothing can be attempted to his pre judice. I warned him of what was talked,. He took notice of what I had faid to the Duke of 'Orleans, of his coldaefs. I owned it, and told him that the Duke had owned to me, he 'knew of the Cheva lier's defign, and that I thought it ftrange he had faid nothing to me on that fubjed, though I had earneftly defired it; I told him that was only a little obfervation of mine, which made no alteration in the K.ing« good Intentions and firm refolution to fupport the Duke of Orleans. Sunday 25th. This morning at feven, Dean that was Aid Major to Duke of Berwick's regiment, who had offered his fervice hefore, was with me. He told me the Pretender was to have parted from Bar the 25th of lafl month, with only about twenty people, the Duke -of Berwick, his fon, the two Middletons, M 'Donald, Lieu tenant General ©orrington, Cook, Rooth, &c. to have embarked at Vieuville in 'Normandy ; that Camock was to have commanded the mips; that they had 'bought arms in -Flanders, in parcels that had been carried thither ; that many other officers were to have gone in parcels from other places ; that when the defign had been in a fair way to fucceed, and the rifing great, then the King of France was to have affifted him. That the firft defign was to have landed in England ; but that,, afterwards, the Duke of Ormond had advifed, it might be in Scot land ; that a prieft, one Colen, had come over from him with that meffage. That he had heard feveral of the Trim general officers fay, the Duke was in their intereft from the time of his commanding the army 544 STATE PAPERS. George I. army [a Flanders ; that now the people that go and come from Bar, ._ l?-[- __• go ftreight to him ; that M'Donald came thence a few days ago, and came ftreight to the Duke, and that after his arrival, his Grace had difpatched Bagnal thither ; that they do not yet feem to have laid afide their defign, but only to have delayed it for two months ; and that they are now very bufy in concerting meafures. He promifes to. give me a faithful account of what is doing at the Duke of Ormond's, of who goes backwards and forwards from Bar, and what is hecome of the fhips with arms that were in the Seine. I gave him twenty pounds, and he engages to give* me good intelli gence of whatever paffes. Sunday 25th. This evening we had an account, that the gan grene had difcovered itfelf plainly in the King's leg, and that there was no longer any hopes left of his recovery. He has confeffed, and taken the Sacrament laft night ; and this evening every body reckoned him in the agonies of death. I difpatched Maiden to Eng land, with this account. Monday 26th. This afternoon I went to Verfailles. In the morning We had a report at Paris, that the King was dead, having received the extreme undion the night before at eleven o'clock. We found the court all in tears ; the Duke of Orleans told me, that the King had obferved his treaties ; that there was no thoughts of the King of Spain ; that he was to have the regency ; but that he believed there were fome conditions in the will to hamper him by a council of regency, and a Tutele, that was to have the command of the troops ; but he faid, he was little in pain about that, being fure of the Parliament and the troops. I told him I was then to offer him, in the King's name, whatever affiftance fie ffiould want, to make good his right to the regency, in exclufion of the King of Spain. He defired me to give the King his moft hearty thanks, and to affure him that, as foon as ever he was in poffeffion of the regency, he would make good what he had promifed with relation to STATE PAPERS. 54* to Mardyke. He told me that he founded Buys *, upon what he GEORGE I- would have done, as the States ambaffador, if there had been any « ir^-f intentions in favour of the King of Spain. I told him, I knew that Buys would have waked for orders ; but that I would frankly have declared, that the King would look upon the giving the regency to Philip, as a fradion of the treaty. Marechal Villeroy was declared governor to the Dauphin ; the Duke of Maine fuperintendantof his education ; and the Princefs of Conti to have the infpedion with Madame de Ventadour; the Bifhop of Frejus, his preceptor ; and the Pere le Tellier fubprecep- tor, and to be his confeffor. We walked in the garden, Baron Kniphaufen f and I, when we met Marechal Villeroy, who gave us an account of all the King had faid to the Dauphin ; exhorting him to live in peace with his neigh bours ; to keep his treaties ; and avoid war, in which he had de lighted too much. The advice he had given to the Princes was, to live in good underftanding together ; to the great men, to ferve the young King faithfully, for the love they bore to him, and for all the good he had done them ; and many other things, which ffiewed, his courage and refolution in meeting death, and his care for the Welfare of grandchild and kingdom, and his good underftanding. That night every body expeded, that the King would be dead be fore morning. Tuefday 27th. The King was a little better in the morning, but was worfe in the afternoon ; the gangrene did not rife higher. They had fent for a furgeon from Amiens, that had a famous re ceipt for the gangrene ; he fent his receipt in the evening, which they would not ufe, no more than they would confult the Court t d'Offune's phyfician. * The Dutch Ambaffador. + Probably the Minifter from Pruffia. Vol. II. 4 A I had 546 STATE PAPERS. GEORGE I. I had an audience of the Duke of Orleans in the afternoon, when I defired to know if there was any thing he would have- me to do for his fervice. I gave him the ftrongeff affurances of the King's firm friendfhip to him, and his readinefs to ufe all the power of his king dom to ferve him. He made a moft obliging, return, and the ftrongeft profeffion of firm attachment to the King and his intereft. He re newed1 his promifes as to Dunkirk. I told him that the true way to eftabliffi a perfed good correfpondence between the two nations, and with the King, was to fend the Pretender out of Lorrain, and his adherents, naming Ormond and Bolingbroke, out of France ; which he heard very well. He talked of fetting a treaty of commerce upon a reafonable fair foot for both nations. II me dit, que Torcy n'avoit pas encore mis le pied chez luy ; mais, il m'en vangeroit bientot. Je luy dis, que de la maniere que Monfieur de Torcy avoit agi avec luy, il ne feroit pas etonant, qu'il ne s'en feroit pas ;. et que je ne croioi's pas qu'il reglerok. fon adminiftration par les maximes de Monfieur de Torcy, et qu' effedivement, il ne feroit pas un bon moyen deta- blir la bonne correfpondence entre les deux nations,, que d'employer un miniftre qui avoit tant travaille a les brouiller» et d'affifter le Pretendant. II me dit, qu'il n'etoit pas encore iriftruk du contenu du tefta ment, mais que certainement il n*y avoit pas queftion du roy d'Efpagne. II me parla tres cordialment de lanittie qu'il avok pour le Roy; et me marqua, dans les termes du monde les plus obligeans, fon eftime, et fon amine' pour moy. Je reftay la nuit a Verfailles, dans la confiance que cela auroit fini cet nuit ; mais point du tout. Le lendemain matin, il fe trouveit a-peu-pres, dans le meme etat. 3. Un STATE PAPERS. S& Un homme de Merfeilles porta un elixir qu'il vantoit comme GEORGE I. un remede admirable. A la fin, on refolut de le donner au Roy. 11 en prit a une heure *. Je vis Monfieur le D. d'Orleans le matin, qui m'affura, que tout alloit bien, et qu'il n'y auroit aucun def- ordre. Barton me porta les lettres de Monfieur Stanhope du 1 2mc. Notre cour paroit fort alarme touchant la Regeace, laquelle on eft perfuade eft deftine pour Philip. Du refte, Monfieur Stanhope marque affez clairement que la confiance que j'avois marque que le deffein du Pre tendant etoit fruftre, ne leur plaifoit pas. Ils paroiffoient plus alarmes que jamais en Angleterre, et perfuades que le Pretendant pent paffer au premier jour. II m'aprie de bien veiller fur fes mouvemens. Wednefday, Sept. &th* I went to Verfailles, where i faw ©he Duke of Orleans ; read my letter to him of the 1 ft, with the affurances ofthe King's friendfhip. He gave great affurances of his obferving the treaty, and doing juftice as to Mardyke, according to his promife. He anfweiing no thing pofitive as to the Pretender, and Duke of Ormond, or BoEng^, broke, in the manner the Abbe had fpoken to me before ; this makes me imagine, they intend ftill to keep that game going. I fpoke to him of the will, and ffiewed him how much his intereft had been conneded with the King's ; that, if the Pretender had been upon the throne, as the late Knag intended, the will had pro* bably taken effed; and that view had made Monfieur Torcy fo fond of having the Pretender'* enterprize take effed". I touched the affair of Sweden to him, and defired him to have an eye to that matter in looking over the paper of negotiations. I fpoke to him of Dr. L— — , and Gaynepain, that are in the Baftile. He de filed I would keep the memorial till the Councils were fettled that were to look after the detail of particular affairs. • On Wednefday the 28th. The King died two days after, on the ift of September. 4 A 2 Villars, 5%S S TATE P A P E R'S. GEORGE I. Villars, who had been in his cabinet, came out, and told Us his ' v ' Highnefs had confirmed his being of the Council of Regency. He affeded to look pleafed, but was plainly otherwife. Tuefday, O'clober ijl. I met D— — at the Tuileries. He told me that one Lachlane was gone to Bar, who paffed through Cambray with letters from Scotland, and that he came by the way of Hol land. He told me, that laft night there was arrived a man dif patched from England with letters, who came over as a fervant to a French gentleman. That the party was mightily up ; that they depended upon fucceeding in England ; and that the Regent would be favourable to them ; that the Pretender had all his things given back to him, his plate and equipage, that was in the Scotch fhips that were unloaded in the night ; and that the powder, and ammu nition were fecured for his ufe. Lord T 's man was with me at night ; told me that the D-^— *s * projed was -to' go into England, as foon as he heard the rebellion was formed; to land in Wales or in the Severn ; that Bo lingbroke and he were to go' by Bourdeaux, or by fome place on the weft coaft of France, where there was no fufpicion; that both he and Bolingbroke had been with the Regent and well received; that the Pretender was not to go into Scotland or England, till the Tories had declared for him ; that their firft rifing was to be general, to feize the arms ofthe militia, to feize Briftol, where they expeded to find arms and ammunition, &c. That they had writ into England to know whether he was a fit man to be employed ; that they expeded an anfwer by the firft poft, and therefore he had taken his refolution to be gone. Wednefday 2d. I wrote into England by Maiden to Mr. Stanhope, to give him an account of the ftate of affairs here, and of the plan of the Pretender's affairs ; which was, to have a general rifing, declaring * Probably the Duke of Ormond. for STATE PAPERS. 549 for the church againft the Whigs, and a ftanding army, without GEORGE r. making mention of the Pretender or any King. Thurfday <$d. I had audience of the Regent ; gave him the Prince of Wales's letter ; gave him thanks for feifing the arms and am munition at Havre, in the King's name, and for his refufing to fee Ormond and Bolingbroke, which was very agreeable to my Mafter, confidering what their bufinefs was here. He looked very cool, and feemed to have a great mind to have a fhort conference. I told him, that his Royal Highnefs was in the right the other day, when he told me the Pretender did not intend to part ; that I had fince dif covered thek defign was not to pull off the mafk at firft, but to ad under the difguife of the church ; but that it was the fame thing under what difguife they went ; that we were very well informed of their defigns, and of the manner they intended" to carry them on. 24th. J'ai a parler au Regent. Affurances de l'amilie du Roy ; combien il eft fenfible au marques de famine de S. A. R. donnees en dernier lieu, par les affurances de ne laiffer fortir ni le Preten dant, ni Ormond ; S. A. n'auroit pas lieu de s'en repentir, et le Roy regardera fes interets du meme que les fiens propres. II m'a d'abord depeche le plein pouvoir par faire un Traite de Guarantie mutuelle pour les deux fucceffions, et pour affurer et main- tenir la Regence a S. A. R. Comme ce traite' peut etre le fondement de la.tranquilke de deux royaumes et de tout l'Europe, le Roy na pas voulu perdre un moment de temps a le commencer; et a fin que rien ne le retarda, n'a pas voulu meler quelque chofe d'etranger, pas feulement l'affaire de Mardyke, qui eft fi importante a la nation, etjaquelle il a tant a coeur. Ce fondement d'amitie' et de con- fiance une fois pofe, il fera facile d'ybatir ce qui conviendra, dans la fuite, aux interets communs de deux nations, et pour le repos de l'Europe. Demandez quand le Regent voudroit commencer a traiter. Si Le Regent cherche des delais ; nous voions qu'il faut finir la rebellion en Ecoffe, avarit que de conclure quelque chofe. S. A. R. fcait S5o S T AT E PAPERS. george I. fca|t ce que Convient a fes interets, et % ceux de la France ; nous ae 17,S- - . " . le prefferons pas, & prendrons notre parti, de finir nos affaires, et nous pouvons avoir patience. : . December ift. Dimanche. Campbell arriva le Matin, depeche de Londres le 28th N. S. avec la nouvelle, que les rebelles s'etoient rendus a difcretion a Prefton Lundi pafle. J'ay donne la lettre de Madame la Princeffe de Galles a Madame *. J'ay tente trois fois en vain de voir le Regent. S. A. R. n'a fait que paffer au travers des appartemens de Madame la Ducheffe d'Orleans, fans s'arreter. 2d, Lundi. Je fus encore a la cour fans voir le Regent. J'ay de- mande de le voir ; il etoit defcendu en bas. Les Jacobites difent nos nouvelles fauffes. A la cour on eft tout etonne; les plus fages corn- mencent a. traiter le Chevalier de St. George du Pretendant. II y a deux jours f qu'il etoit le Roy d'Angleterre par tout, et tout le monde avoit leve le mafque. II n'y avoit plus un feul Francois, quafi perfonne de la cour, qui mettoit fe pied chez raoy. %d, Mardi. Je travaillois a une relation du depart du Due d*Or- mond et du Pretendant ; et des chofes qui arriverent dans cette cour en ce temps la. Lord P— %> vint me trouver tout botte. II me parlai trois heurs de fuite, tres extravagamment, tres malcontent de la cour ; et avec beaucpup du mepris pour le condukte des rebelles. Friday, January 23d, 1716. Peterborough allows, that I ffiall have occafion to be jealous of this Court, if they delay giving an anfwer to my memorial, as I exped they intend to do. Saturday,, February 14th. Murray came and fupped with me, gave me a long account of all his proceedings, fpoke mighty ill of G. H. H y and S th; told me, it would appear one day, he had gone upon grounds, he had reafon to think good, thcragh they had not anfwered ; and that, he did not embark like a fool. He • La Duchefle d'Orleans. f A true pifture of Courts. t Peterborough. feems STATE PAPERS. 55-1 feems to have no agreeable profped of the way he muft be in, and GEORGE I;. . " 1716. yet thinks he muft attach himfelf to the party. He was much in < «—*-* pain about his wife; was in pain left he ffiould be blamed for com ing away too foon. It was the Chevalier's own opinion, fupported ftrongly by Sheridan. He flayed with me till two; he endeavoured to difcover whether there had been any intelligence between me and Harry *•. I told him plainly, that I had been very well informed of their defigns, but not by him. Monday 16th. No news of my memorial f. I have accounts that there are frequent meetings at Laffey's, where the Iriffi general of ficers affift. They are making ftates of all the boats and fhips from Dieppe to Dunkirk. Hunnegur is employed in this matter. They are exceedingly bufy. Tuefday ijth. I had another great conference with Peterborough,, who is full of the fincerity of the French, and of the great advan tage of being well with them. He is upon the wing to go into England to promote this good defign. Monfieur de Barrois, the Envoy of Lorrain,, brought me. the Duke's anfwer to the King's letter, by which he tells him that he had fent the Chevalier out of his dominions ; and that he was adually gone, and had taken the road of France again ? March, Saturday 7th. I received by Gordon the meflenger, Mr,. Stanhope's letter of the 2 2d. O. S- with orders to give in a memo rial for removal of the Pretender and his adherents, declared re bels, from the dominions of France ; to defire the Regent's good offices for removing the Pretender from Lorraine, and not allowing any of the Iriffi officers that followed the Pretender into Scotland,,. to return again into the fervice of France. I received a letter to ther Duke of Lorraine from the King, defiring the removal of the Pre tender and his adherents. * Probably, Bolingbroke is meant. the underhand fupplies given to the Jacobites* f The famous memorial, complaining of in Fiance, printed in Lambeni, vol. x. p. 346. Duke- 552 STATE PAPERS, GEORGE r. Duke of Ormond and Lord Mar, are all gone to St. Germain to v l-[6' _j take leave ofthe Pretender, who has been all this while at St; Ger main and in the neighbourhood. This laft week we have been en tertained with Bolingbroke's difgrace, for having betrayed the Che valier, and kept correfpondence with me. The Seals were offered to Lord Mar, who refufed them, becaufe of his not fpeaking French. Monday gth. I prepared the memorial. I went to Court, at night to deliver it, but I could not fee him. I had made feveral attempts of that kind to no purpofe. I underftood it was a refolution taken, that I ffiould hot fee him for fome time, that I might have no oppor tunity to defire the removal of the Pretender, and that they might have time to wait the event of their projed by the Swediffi fleet. Tuefday 10th. I went to the Regent's levee, and defired audience ; which I had. I took my memorial for a text, which I read, and talked to the feveral articles as I went along. i. The Regent rejoiced at the fuccefs of the King's arms, in the ftrongeft expreffions. 2. Excufed the Pretender's paffage, and ftay in France, 5affured me he had immediately fent to. defire him to be gone, and that he was now gone. 3. Promifed the immediate removal of the chief of the rebels condemned by Parliament, defiring only that the King would declare that he would do the like with regard to fuch perfons as might be condemned for rebellion in France. He afterwards complained of my having writ to his difadvantage into England. I told him, I had always, writ of .his Highnefs as it became a man that profeffed himfelf his fervant ; that I had laid the blame of things that happened here upon his Minifters, who, J really believed to be much more to blame than his Royal Highnefs. I told him, that I had given a faithful account of all that his Rqyal Highnefs STATE PAPERS. 555 Highnefs had faid to me of his defire and intentions to live in friend- george i. fhip with the King; that, at the fame time, I had been often ob liged, by the duty of my ftation, to give an account of things, that were a doing in France, which did hot agree with what his Royal Highnefs told me ; which I thought myfelf obliged to do-as an honeft" man, and a faithful fervant to my Mafter, who intrufted me to ob serve what was doing for or againft his intereft I parted very good friends, I thought, with the Regent. I preffed a fpeedy anfwer; that the world might have no occafion to fufped that any delay in the mat ter proceeded from a defire to fee the iffue of the projed of the Swediffi fleet, which I ffiewed his Royal Highnefs was a very un certain one at beft, and impoffible to take effed the moment it was. known in England, as it then was. He promifed me a fpeedy anfwer. Wednefday nth. I waited on the Marechal d'Huxelles, and gave him the memorial. Three days laft paft, I have had feveral confe rences with Peterborough, who has been employed by the French Court to difcover my inclinations and inftrudions as to a rupture with France. By him I find they are for making a treaty to fecure themfelves, and for having the performance of the former treaty to enter into this as -conditions. In cafe of fuch a treaty, his Lord fhip affures me they will do with the Pretender whatever the King can defire, and that they will be exceedingly civil to me. I told him that my inftrudions were to keep a good correfpondence, if it was poffible ; that I had no orders that looked like defiring a breach ; that we ffiould be -able to judge of their intentions by the anfwer they gave to my memorial. I faw Peterborough very full of the treaty, which he was ready to go into England to promote, and to carry the Duke d'Aumont along with him, who is come out the greateft Whig that ever was here, and who now owns that he ever was fo. Vol. II. 4 B If 554 STATE PAPERS. george r. If I am mighty complaifant, I may have the honour of making »— w-~-# this treaty; if I happen to be rufty, it will go into other hands. Heads of conference with Marechal d'Huxelles *. Paris, Thurfday, April 16th, 1716. ANSWER to my memorial given to the Regent the 8th, de firing his good offices, for removing the Pretender beyond the Alps -f. . The King's good difpofition to be in friendfhip, and in perfed' good underftanding with the Regent and With France. If France thinks fuch a friendfhip for her intereft, trifle% will not ftand in the way of it ; fuch as removing the Pretender and his followers into Italy. Expedients will be eafily found to bring the matter about, when both fides are in earneft to concur in finding the means, and making them pradicable. If France thinks it more for their intereft to keep the Pretender, • we "have no more to fay; they are judges, and it is needlefs to trouble them with fruklefs felicitations. The Vendofme :jl at Havre. She firft lay, with arms /going on board her, in the road; and afterwards another was loaded as the firft, and in the fame place. The fhip gone to La Hogue to take paffengers for Scotland. « * Then Minifter for foreign affairs. He % An old French privateer taken up by the had been Plenipotentiary at Utrecht. - Jacobites for the Pretender's fervice. f With the Duke of Lorrain and the Pope. STATE PAPERS. 555 GEORGE L 1 7 1 6. Queftions * quon me^ fait d 'Angleterre fur lefquelles il *""" ""* ' faut confulter S. A. R. ' pour pouvoir repmdre. t 1. pUISQUE S.A.R. dk, qu'elle obferve, etobfervera religieufe- ment le traite d'Utrecht, et qu'elle ne favorifera en rien le Pretendant ; on me demande, quels pas S. A. R. a fait, pour empecher que le Pretendant ne entrat en France, et quels ordres elle a donnee, pour l'empecher d'y refter, ou de paffer dans la Grande Bretagne ? 2. J'ay mande que S. A. R. etoit fort offenfe' contre ceux qui avoient fait fortir les armes du Havre, et qu'elle m'avoit affure qu'elle feroit punir ceux qui l'avoient fait. On me demande, fi le refentiment du Regent contre ces Meffieurs la avoit paru ? 3. J'avois mande' que S. A. R. etoit tres offenfe contre les offi" ciers et cavaliers du regiment de Nugent, qui avoient deferte poUr s'embarquer avec le Pretendant et le Due d'Ormond. On me de mande, de quelle maniere on a traite ces deferteurs depuis leur retour ? 4. Je leur avois mande que S. A. R. ne permettroit a aucun Offi- cier, ou autre, dans le fervice de France, de paffer dans la Grande Bretagne, pour le fervice du Pretendant, et que particulierement les officiers Generaux, et autres, nomines pour aller avec le Pre tendant, ne fortiroient pas de France ; et que fi quglqu'un defertok pour le fuivre, il feroit d'abord eaffe. On me demande, fi le refentiment du Regent avoit paru contre ' quelqu'un de ces officiers ; fi ceux qui etoient a Boulogne et a Calais pour paffer en Ecoffe, y font encore ; et fi l'on a fait quelque chofe de la part du Regent pour les eloigner de la ? 5. J'avois mande qu'on ne fouffriroit plus Lord Bolingbroke a Paris, et qu'on lui avoit donne ordrede s'en retirer, il y a- fix fe- maines. - On me demande, s'il n'y eft plus ? * Thefe queftions have relation to the memorial above mentioned. 4 B 2 6. Oa 556 state: PAPERS." George I. 6. On me demande, fi on a faifi les armes, et les munitions ¦ - lJ1f' . de guerre, qui etoient abord du vaiffeau dans le quel le Due d'Or- mond avoit embarque' pour paffer en Angleterre, qui eft venu rela- cher a. Morlaix. Letters and Exlratls, of Letters from Lord Stair to James Craggs, Efq. My dear CraggS, Paris, January the 4th, 1717 *. ,T AM very much obliged to you, for your letter ofthe 17th of ¦*¦ December, O. S. The contents of it gave me great pain. You know my thoughts of a fchifm in the prefent ftate of our affairs. I look upon what has happened, as the moft dangerous thing could befall us, both as to the matter, and as to the manner. What the devil did Lord Sunderland and Stanhope mean, to make fuch a f ftep without concerting it ? What, did they mean to make it before the King was at hand to fupport it ? What do Lord Townffiend and Walpole mean % I What end can they propofe to themfelves ? The Duke of A r gyle's is a mad part ; but he ads confequentially, and I can conceive what he would be at. For all the reft of .us, we feem to be unaccountably mad, without any fyftem or defign. God knows where, or how, it will end. I am afraid very ill. I am fure, I can make no manner of judgment nor conjedure. I know when certain ' people take certain fteps, of what confequence it is to fupport them ; but. there muft be head, and hearts, and hands. Half a dozen of good men would go far ; but they, muft be men indeed. Have you * Mr. Craggs was made Secretary at War being Secretary of State. about three months after, on the refignation % Perhaps he alludes to their going into of Mr. Pulteney. oppofition, in conjunction with the To- -J- The removal of Lord Townlhend, from ries. fuch STATE PAPERS. 557 fuch- men ? Tis a dangerous and critical iundure. God fend us a george i. l7'7- good deliverance. * — -v— — > If I was to judge of the courage of our, new minifters by their behaviour towards me, I fhould take them for men of great vigour. They have cracked their whip about my ears in a moft mafterly manner. I have received a letter from Robethon*, to let me know that it behoves me to be fatisfied, with an enumeration of all the obligations I have to Mr. Stanhope, which are, modeftly fpeaking, more than I could pretend to. I have anfwered him, acknowledg ing my obligations to Mr. Stanhope, to which I think I had ever made a juft return ; but telling him very plainly, that I thought I had very good reafon to complain of the Secretary's negled, in the matter of my miniftry at this -court, and of his trifling with me in the matter of my ftay here. That, to cut the matter fhort, I was fatisfied that what was neceffary to fupport me in this ftation, was more than my fervice could be worth, and that therefore, I was re folved to beg the King to recal me. I fpoke of my own merit Very humbly, and acknowledged that, by the enumeration of what I had from the King, it was plain, I had more than Ldeferved ; that his Majefty was mafter to take it all or any part of it ; that it ffiould not hinder me to be a very faithful fervant to him ; that, whenever there was an occafion, I ffiould be ready to fupport his honour and intereft with my life and fortune ; that if a ftorm came I ffiould be upon the deck, and durft ftand by mv tackle as. well as another man ; that I never had forfaken my friends • and that times might come when great men would do their friends the honour to know them. I had a touch given me about cabals, too, which he faid the King was refolved not to fuffer. I faid I ever had been an enemy to ca bals, and ever would be fo ; that the King was my mafter, and that * He was private Secretary to George I. and wrote his moft fecret letters. I knew l7lj. 553_ STATE PAPERS. GEORGE i. I knew no other. I trouble you with this detail, that you may fee upon what footing thefe gentlemen have taken it about me; and that you may fee, that, though I cannot be humble to people that ufe me as I think I have not deferved, yet, at the fame time, I wont fo much as have the appearance of leaving my friends when they may be in diftrefs. By what I have told you, you'll fee it is probable I may fee you in England very foon. I am afraid thefe convulfions at home may hurt our affairs abroad. Mr. York * continues to talk very wifely. He defires me to affure you, that he has taken his pli, and, happen what will, he will fol low it ; he is refolved to go into the country, to wait quietly and patiently, what becomes of the public, and of his private affair. He goes with Madame de Villette. — Mifs is in a convent. My dear Craggs, ' Paris, June the 14th, 1717. 'THE inclofed are from our friend York, who continues to be have himfelf perfedly well ; fo I am fure you will be inclined to do him all the fervice you can. I think, in juftice, he ought to be diftinguiffied from the reft ofthe party he is of, being almoft the only man who has fincerely left it. Our affairs abroad go very well. This- court is firm to the alli ance. The Czar courts the King's friendfhip, and has ordered his troops to leave the duchy of Mecklenburg inftantly. He defires to. take meafures with the King, either for peace or war with Sweden ; and offers to make a treaty of commerce to our fatisfadion. I wifh our affairs went as fmopthly at home, and a way could be found to get the better of our unnatural divifions. • A cant name for Lord Bolingbroke, which occurs frequently in this correfpondence. STATEPAPERS. 559 Paris, July the 28th, 1717. GEORGE I. | SEND you inclofed a packet from Tork. You will fee in what manner he bears his misfortune. I really pity him, becaufe he is almoft the only man of his party, that I have feen refolved to ad a good part. He defires two things, for which I defire your intercef- fion with Lord Sunderland, and Mr. Stanhope. The firft is, that I may have orders to fpeak to the Regent, to confider him as a man under the King's protedion. The next, that Brinfden may have leave to come into-England, for York's, private affairs, which require to be put into fome order. As things ftand now, if either his father or his wife ffiould happen to die,, he would be a very great lofer. Paris, Oftober the jth, 1717. T HEARTILY wifh: there had been no fchifm amongft the Whigs ; and you know I moft heartily wiffied that it had been prevented in the beginning; but I cannot fay, when things had unhappily come to certain extremities, that the King had any other party to' take than what he did take. When he had taken that party, I was very heartily and fincerely for doing every thing in my power to fupport the King's fervice, in the hands of the fervants he thought fit to employ. I can fay with great truth, that there are no men in Britain that I perfonally love better, than I love both Lord Sunder land and Lord Stanhope. And befides that I have a very great and fincere value and efteem both for the one and for the> other, I reckon myfelf tied to both by very great obligations. So that I am very far from having any grudge at feeing them in power, or from. willing to fee any others in their places. " And I agree with you, likewife, that in public affairs^ when a meafure is, taken that a man does not approve of in his judgment, if it be only a matter of policy and not againft the dired intereft of T one's 5-6o TATE PAPERS. i7i george 1. one's country, I think one ffiould fupport the meafure when once it '!:,_, is refolved, as jf it was their own, and as if they had advifed it; and I would have done both in the occafional, and the univerfity bills ; though I was very glad they were dropped, and thought it was very prudent fo to do. But I will tell you what I mean: in taking public meafures, I think the wifeft and tooft moderate men's opinions fhould be afked and followed. For if rafh councils are fol lowed, you will not find hands to fupport them. By attempting things, even right things, which you are not able to carry, you expofe yourfelf, in our popular government, to the having the adminiftra tion wrefted out of your hands, and put into other hands ; may be, into the hands of the enemies of our conftitution. I would have us keep in our ftrong ground, where I think nothing can hurt us, and where I think every attack that is made upon the adminiftration muft * mifcarry ; and in that ground take the advantage of doing all the good and popular things you mention. Proceeding in that manner will ftrengthen the hands of the adminiftration, and beget power and refped. But if heat and impatience will make you go out of the entrenchments, and attack a formidable enemy with feeble forces, and troops that follow you unwillingly, you will run a rifk to be beat, and you wont get people to go along with you to purpofe, by reproaching them that they are of this cabal, or of the other cabal, or by reproaching them that they are afraid. Make yourfelf ftrong, and they will follow you into danger ; but, in my poor opinion", it is not fafe to -lead them into danger, till you are ftrong. May be, I am wrong, but this is my opinion ; and yet, if I know myfelf, I am not of a fearful temper, and as capable to take a hardy refolution as another man, when it is needful. I7,9* STATE PAPERS; jfo Paris, dauber the 25th, 1717. GEORGE I. qpHE Duke of Ormonde and Mar are gone into Italy. Mar A defired to fee me ; he came to my houfe and flayed four or five hours. By his way, he looked, at that time, upon their affairs to be defperate. He flung out feveral things as I thOugtit With a defign to try whether there was any hopes of treating. Becaufe I did not thihk it was fair to give falfe hopes to an old friend, though I knew, at the fame time, he Would not have dealt fo with me, we did not dip deep into particulars; but in converfatiohs of that kind» there is always fomething curious to be learned. I believe our mafter has confidence enough in me, to think that nothing paffed in the conference contrary to his fervice., My dear Craggs*, May the 7th, i7,9. X MUST fay to you in private, that in the whole affair of the North, I am riot. at all fatisfied with our friend the Abbe; nor have I been fatisfied, at any one time, or in any one thing, relative to that affair, -fince his coming into the miniftry. His fending no minifters to Peterffiurg; ; his not fending of Hooke to Berlin; the myftery he has made of Rottemburg's negotiations at that court ; his long and frequent conferences with Schleinitz ; all the Micmac we have feen about the count de la Marck, whilft in Sweden ; and the Abbe's behaviour fince his return, difpleafes me much in every point, and fhews an inclination to play foul play. I have but one thing to fay for the Abbe, and that is, that, in truth and in verity, he does not underftand one fingle bit of the affairs of theNorth, nor has any notion of them. Some time ago, when I had drawn him into talk with me of # Mr. Craggs was in March 1718, appointed Secretary of State", in the room of Mr, Addifon. Vol. II. 4 C thefe s6z S T A TE PAPER S. george I. thefe affairs, he acknowledged to me that he was very ignorant of 17IQ. " >. -t- ^j thofe matters of the north, and; of, the intereft of thbfe northern princes, and how their dominions lie to one another ; but he. pro mifed me that he would ftudy the map, and employ fome time pour. fe mettre aufait. I am afraid the Abbe has not found that time; and fo hie is no more knowing than he was formerly, and therefore, is unwilling to talk of what he does not at all; underftand. If this, thought of mine does not account for the Abbe's condud, I do no^ know how to do it. For fince the Count de la Marck's arrival, as I told you formerly, he affured me that he had brought no plan; thatr all he brought amounted to no more than that the Queen of Sweden. was difpofed to treat with the King preferable to her other enemies^ When I preffed him a little, and put him in mind that he had ffiewed me a letter from the Count de la Marck, from Copenhagen, in which the Count told him he carried a plan for the peace of the North, he fell into a moft violent paffion, and raved, for half an hour, reproaches and God knows what. The next day, he had inftruded the Regent not to dip into particulars, but to promife mfe a paper containing what the Count de la Marck had to fay. But, unluckily, the day before that, the very day I had fpoken to the Abbe, the Regent had told me, that the Count de la Marck had. brought a plan, and had given me an account of the principal articles. On Sunday, I law the Count de la Marck, who talked to me very fully. I was promifed the paper, day after day, till Thurfr day I found the Abbe at home, the day he receives the foreign mi nifters. I had called in vain every day of the week fince Sunday, and had been denied entrance every day. When I fpoke of the; paper, and told him I had delayed fending my courier till I had the Count de la Marck's paper, he flew into a violent paffion, and faid I . had talked three hours together with the Count de la Marck ; that, in that converfation, he had told me every thing he had to fayA , 9 , and STATE PAPERS.1 563 and more than he had faid to him or the Duke of Orleans ; that george i. fuch a converfation valoit mieux qu' un chifon de papier. I told yJI^Uj him I was very unwilling, in a matter of fuch confequence, to truft to my own memory; that I was afraid of miftaking and giving a wrong impreffion; that the thought of giving that paper was his own, and none of mine ; that there was no need to be in a paffion; that if he did rrot think fit to give the paper, I would make the beft relation I could by my memory, and fend away my courier to. England without it. Well, fays he, I will tell you all the contents of it upon my -finger. To put it in writing is the work of a quarter of an hour ; may be the Count de la Marck has done it already ; if he has not done it, it fhall be done to night, and you ffiall have it. I taiked to the Duke of Orleans that fame day, without taking any notice of what had paffed with the Abbe. He was furprifed that I had not received the paper ; and talked to me in the manner I have related that converfation to you in my difpatch. As I conceive it, the fecret of this matter is, that France has ar mind to the mediation and fole management of this negociation ; and, int>rder to that, they are defirous to keep us in the dark as long as poffibly they can, that they may have the leading of us. It imports us much to get out of this fituation as foon as we can. And as foon as that happens, that we fee and hear with our own eyes and ears, and that we can fpeak for ourfelves, France will ad a fairer part With us. In the mean time, I am very-much miftaken, if the mi nifters have not done their beft to promote Sweden's agreeing with the Czar and the King of Pruffia. But, as I take it, that agree ment is almoft impradicable, becaufe of the incompatibility of the Czar's views and the intereft of Sweden. For though the Count de la Marck affures me that the Swedes have their hearts fet upon the recovering their dominions in Germany, it can never come into my head, that any Swede can think that any part of their domi- 4 C 2 nions. 564 S.TATE PATERS. GEORGE I. nions in Germany, or the whole, is- of equal- confequence to the ¦ , '7.'9' • nation, of Sweden as Revel and Livonia, I have waded through, all the difficulties of the ceremonial; MpnC le Due was very civil in his vifit; and Monf. le Prince de Gonti very much otherwife. I have but one fmall one remaining now, and that is, the Introdudor pretends to fend me the day and the hour for making my vifit, without concerting with me whether the time is convenient for me* which I fay cannot be; and the Regent is of my opinion. Paris* May 29, 17 ig. T SEND you enclofed the copies of two letters from Lord Mar at Geneva, of the 6th and 22d May ; the originals- 1 have fent-to Hanover. I have received a third letter from him not fignedi, but writ in his own hand, where he fpeaks in the third perfon, in which he defires me to try if the King is difpofed to grant him his pardon ; and in that cafe he tells me, that he is ready- to make his fabmiffion. He fays, I may eafily forefee' with how many incon veniencies his making application, without -knowing how.it will be received, would be attended ; and therefore begs of me not tofhew: the paper he fends me, to any body, in his hand-writing. He al lows me to take a- copy of it in my own hand, and requires of me to deftroy the original. In a word, he has left the- Pretender's fer vice, and he has a mind to fubmit himfelf to the King, and to make his peace, if the King will reftore-him to his honours and eftate. You are to confider whether it will be worth the while to receive him. In my humble opinion, the taking him off wUlbe the great eft blow that can be .given to the ^Pretender's intereft, and the greateft \ STATE PAPERS. s65 greateft diferedit to it. And it may be made ufe of to fhew to the george r. world, that nobody but a papift can hope to continue in favour ^ '7'9' * with the Pretender. I need not reprefent to you the conveniences and the inconveni ences of this matter. You are better able to judge of them than I can be. I defire you will confider of them with Lord Sunderland, to whom he defires his fecret may be trufted, and begs it may be- put into as few hands as poffible. I wrote fully of that matter laft xught, . by a meffenger I fent to Hanover. In the mean time, this morning, I fent: an exprefs to Geneva, by which I wrote kindly to Kim, to encourage him to return to his duty, and to keep him in gpod humour ; and to defire that theRepublic of Geneva would give him no manner of hopes of being fet at liberty. This courier carries a letter of Lord Mar's to the Duke of King- ffon, which he will probably ffiew you, in which I fuppofe he fpeaks the fame language he has fpoken to me. I ffiall be glad to know your fentiments. of this matter as foon as may be. I wifh? you may think as I do. I own all his faults and his misfortunes. cannot make, me forget the long and intimate friendfhip and fami liarity has. that been between, him and me. I ffiall mix nothing elfe- in this letter. I have been very much out of order thefe five or fix days laft. paft; which, may be* has contributed a little towards my diflikingthe countenance this Court has worn thefe eight or tenr days laft paft. I have been ufed, from time to time, to meet witha fafih cold. fits»— Probably' this may go off* aa the others have done.. S66 GEORGE I. 1719- STATE PAPERS. Lord Mar to Lord Stair. May 6th, 1719. GOOD Captain Brown will not, I hope, take amifs his old ac quaintance Jo. Murray's writing to him at this time; and when he knows the occafion, I am perfuaded he will forgive him, and comply as far as he can with what he is to afk him. My; health is notfo good juft now, nor for fome time paft, as you would wifh it ; and I am advifed to drink the waters of Bourbon for it, as being the likeft to thofe of: the Bath of any this fide the fea,- of which I formerly, found fo much good. The hot climate, where I have been for fome time paft, by no means agrees with my health ; - and I am perfuaded, that where fome of our company is gone would ftill do worfe with me. The affair in which it might be: thought my Captain would employ me being now, I fuppofe, over, for this bout, there needs be, I ffiould think, no objedion to what I Should afk. • I am come part of the way already ; but I would not go -much ! further without acquainting you with it. And now I beg, that on the confideration of the health of an old friend* you will give me allowance or furlo to go to the waters of Bourbon, and to conti nue there fo long as I may have occafion for them during the two feafons this year ; and I promife to you I ffiall do nothing, in any Way, the time of my being there, but as you would have me; fo that this allowance can be of no prejudice to the fervice. If you cannot give me the furlo yourfelf, I imagine your Colonel will not refufe it ; if you will be fo good to afk it for me. But becaufe the firft feafon of the waters . is going faft away, I ffiould be glad you could do it without waiting to hear from your Colonel about it, who, I ffiould think, would not take it amifs when you acquaint .him with your having ventured to do fo. Do not, I beg of you, think STATE PAPERS. 567 think there is any fetch in this, or any thing but what I have told GEORGE r. you, which, upon honour, is nothing but truth, and all the truth. I hope there will be no occafion of mentioning your having had this trouble from me to any, unlefs it be to your Colonel and one or two about him, and the perfon, it is like, you muft fpeak to where you are. There is one with me, an old fchool-acquaintance of yours too, Mr. Stuart of Invernethy, whom you have feen dance • very merrily over a fword ; and if the allowance is granted me, I hope it will not be refufed to him, for whom I promife as I do fon myfelf. When I have done with the waters, I hope there will be no ob-- jedion to my returning to Italy again,, if I have a mind ; but I judged it fit to mention this to you. The perfon who delivers you this,, will get conveyed to me what you wilL be fo good to write. Lord Mar to Lord Stair, My Lord, Geneva' Ma? 2i> W- T WROTE to you on the 6th, under the old names of Brown > and Murray, which I hope came to your hands ; but, in cafe it has' not, allow me to tell you in this, about what it was. I have, for fome time, been worfe in my health than you would wifh j the hot climate, where I have been this year and half paft, by no means agreeing with me, and that of Spain I was fure would do worfe, which made me unwilling to go there. I was advifed to drink the waters of Bourbon, which are the likeft to thofe of the Bath in England, that ufed to do me fo much good ; and thither I intended to go, and acquaint you with my being there as foon as I arrived. Before I got fo far on my journey as the confines of France, I was informed 568 STATE PAPERS. 17 1,9-. george 1. informed that there was no going thither, for me efpecially, with- out a paffport, or allowance ; which was the reafon of toy troubling you with the letter I mention above, begging, that you would be fo good as to give me a paffport for going there, or to procure one for me, if you was not at liberty to give it yourfelf. And I pro mifed, uponhonour, not to meddle in any way againft the govern ment, during my being there. The expedition which threatenerl England being no more, as I was informed, to be feared by the government, and I only coming to France upon account of my health, made me hope that your mafter would have the goodnefs not to refufe this my requeft, fince it could be of no bad confe quence to him. I told you in that letter, that I would not advance in my journey much further, till I had your anfwer. I propofed to myfelf to go, and exped it at the waters of St. Prix near this place ; but, in my way thither, I have had the bad luck to be flop ped at the influence of the Hanoverian minifter, as they call him. I went by another name than my own, and I am fure I was giving no offence or difturbance to any whatever. Upon the government ofthe ftate's fending to me, I owned who I was, fince they would needs know it, and told them my ftory as above ; particularly of my hav ing writ to your Lordffiip, and that I expeded your anfwer one of thefe days, as I doubt not but you will be informed. They have taken away any papers I had, but fealed up with my feal and that ofthe town major's ; but they are but a very few, and of no con fequence to any body but myfelf; and among them is the copy of my letter to your Lordffiip under the name of Captain Brown. How they intend to difpofe of me I yet know not ; and it is probable they will firft acquaint and hear from your mafter upon it, before they difinifs me. I hope your Lordffiip may have already procured me an allow ance for coming into France upon the account and conditions I pro pofed it ; but if it be not yet done, I beg of your Lordflup, that you will endeavour now to get it me; and I promife, upon honour, 7 that STATE PAPERS. 56r> that I fhall do nothing, while there contrary to what you would have &EORGB i* me, nor meddle, diredy nor indiredly, in any bufinefs whatfoever, v. '' it being merely upon account of my health I afk it. I have a better opinion of your mafter and his- minifters, than to think or fuppofe there will be any hard thing afked of this Sfate as to me, when I was giving no manner of trouble, nor intending any difturbance againft them, nor could that be of any advantage to their intereft. The poft is juft- going fo I write in great hafte, and I beg you may forgive fuch a fcraul. You may eafily believe how impatient I fhall be for your anfwer ; fo I hope it is needlefs to prefs your letting me have it foon. There was a thing in relation to an old acquaintance of your's whom you ufed to calL fometimes the governor, that I delayed in my laft to mention, referving it to be fpoken, of by word of mouth, for which I thought it more proper, and I believe it would not be dif- pleafing, to you; but thepoft now gives me not time to fay any more of it, though perhaps I may give you a little touch of it by the next,, and then you may fee if it will be thought worth the while to be attended to. There is one thing which I fhould think makes a confiderable difference betwixt my afking allowance now, to go to the waters of Bourbon, and formerly. I was then in the immedi ate fervice of the Chevalier, and now I have given up the feahr which I had from him. If I be allowed to go into France, it will be a favour of which I will ever be fenfible ; but if not, I hope I ffiall be allowed to return to Italy, where I may end my days in quiet, and thofe will not pro bably be many in that climate. I hope you will be fo good as to pardon all this trouble from an old acquaintance, who always had, and ever will have, the greateft friendfhip for you ; nobody being with more truth and refped, Your's, &c. Mar. , Vol. II. 4 D 570 STATE PAPERS. GEORGE I. / '_7'9- „ Lord Stair to Secretary Craggs. Paris, June the 4th, 1719. tT has happened juft as I forefaw it would, the cold fit is goneoff, and the Abbe is as fweet as honey and as foft as oil again. They are alarmed at the King of Spain's coming to Pampaluna, and they imagine, the , Cardinal muft certainly have fome very deep defign well laid, and concerted in France, to occafion a general revolu tion. I am perfuaded there is no fuch thing. However, it has this good effed,' it makes them cling faft to us, and makes them wifh that the affairs of the North were compofed, that, if there fhould be occafion for it, we may be able to help them. We ffiould take this opportunity to puffi a point in the North, as long as we may hope to meet with no oppofition from France ; for as foon as their fears are over at home, it is probable they may return again to their, old play, and endeavour to keep up the differences on that fide in hopes to profit of them. I dont think your fcheme for the affairs of the North is a bad one, by any manner of means, to keep the Swedes out of the Em pire, and to drive the Mufcovites as far off as is poffible. You can never hope to engage the princes that are embarked in the war againft Sweden, to affift that Crown powerfully and to purpofe, againft the Czar, if you do not procure them confiderable advan tages, which indeed you do by your fcheme. When you are all agreed in it, I am afraid you will find a good deal of difficulty to drive out the Czar. Carrying armies at fo great a diftance will be fo very difficult and fo very expenfive, that I do not very well fee hOw it is to be compaffed. I know no other way but by diftreffing him in his trade. In order to do that, it is abfolutely neceffary that you fhould bring the Dutch into your meafures ; in taking that way you know how much we may fuffer, in the firft place, by the con- fifcation of the goods and effeds belonging to our Ruffia company. The STATEPAPERS. 571 The Abbe is firmly perfuaded that the Engliffi minifters know George I. siothing of all the bufinefs of the North, and that Monfieur Bern- u. '.!!-,/ itorff keeps all the matters entirely to himfelf, and that there is no plan yet formed. Monfieur des Touches, who is arrived from Eng land, confirms him In that opinion ; and you may be fure, I fay nothing to make him to change his opinion : it is very well that he is of that opinion, but it cannot laft long. In a very ffiort time they muft be apprifed of what the King intends and propofes ; and, there fore, it will be neceffary to fpeak to this court ; in the firft place, that they may have no reafon to complain ; and in the next place, to bring them to confent to our fcheme, which will be eafier at this time than it may happen to be afterwards. I have all along, in con verfation with the Regent, endeavoured to perfuade him, that, in the prefent ftate of the kingdom of Sweden, it can be of no great- ufe to France, that that crown ffiould preferve a foot in the Empire; and that the true and folid balance againft the Emperor, .and for preferving the liberty of Germany, muft be by making a clofe conjundion among the princes ofthe north of Germany, who, united for their mutual defence and common intereft, will always be able to contain the emperor within bounds, or to be too hard for him, with the affiftance of Britain and France, if he ffiould under take any thing by force againft the liberty of the German body. This thought, in general, pleafes the Regent very well ; but he , does, by no means, like the particular part of it, to deprive the Crown of Sweden of their dominions in Germany. Till I have orders to fpeak, I ffiall avoid converfations upon the affairs of the North, as much as it is poffible. You will fee the Abbe' Strickland in England very foon, who is a very underftanding man, and may be of very great ufe to us. He will give you an account of his converfations with the Abbe, who was not in good humour at the time of his being here. 4 D ^ 572 GEORGE 1". 1719. STATE PAPERS. My Dear Craggs, Paris, June the 14th, 1 7 191 T THANK you for your private letter by Colonel CampbelH What you fay concerning Lord Mar, and of the unreafonable- nefs of the party you have to deal with, is very right ; but, at the fame time, I am of opinion, that one muft often endeavour to do them good, even againft their will. I ffiould be very glad, for the old friendffiip between Mar and me, to do him fervice ; but, I own to you, my greateft aim is to do fervice to the King and to our coun try, by detaching him from, the Pretender's intereft, which I think cannot be done if you will exad from Lord Mar to abandon the Pre tender, to make his fubmiffion to the King, and to do his Majefty fome confiderable fervice, before he can be affured of Obtaining his* pardon. This is the method that Lord Stanhope preferibes to me in his letter of the 7th of June, from Hanover.. In my humble opinion, if this method is taken, you will drive back Lord Mar into the Pretender*s fervice, and make every man that ever has been engaged in. that intereft irreconcileable to the King and to his country. What I would do- is this : I would, in the firft place, permit the Magiftrates of Geneva, .to give him the liberty of their town upon his engaging his word and honour not to go out, without their per- miffion in writing ; in the next place, I would permit their giving him leave to g® in the latter feafon to- the waters of Bourbon for his health, upon his giving them an obligation in writing, upon his word and honour, to return thither after the feafon of the waters wa,s> over, and obliging himfelf not to meddle, diredly nor indiredly,„ with any thing relating to the Pretender's fervice during his ftay at the faid waters. In the mean time, I would let Lord Mar know that,, upon his making his fubmiffion. to the King, and returning to $>' his? 1719. STATE PAPERS. 573 fiis duty, his Majefty will be difpofed to grant him his pardon ; but GEORGE I.. as that matter requires the confent of Parliament, till that can be obtained, his Majefty will allow him a penfion ^yearly equal to the value of his eftate, which will amount to no great fum, confidering what is already given to Lady Mar and to his daughter by her. By this means you will effedually difengage Lord Mar from the Pre tender's fervice, and ftill continue mafters of his good behaviour,. without rifking any more than a very inconfiderable fum of money. But till I receive further diredion in this matter from the King,, or from England, I ffiall meddle no more in this negociation. I ffiall content myfelf to write a general anfwer to Lord Mar, to endeavour t to keep him in good humour, till I can receive farther orders re lating to him. In the next place, I hope I may rejoice with you, that our treaty with the King of Pruffia is concluded. By the projed adjufted at Hanover, which Lord Stanhope fends to me, every thing feems to- be made fo palatable to the King of Pruffia, , that I am perfuaded it will be agreed to at Berlin, to judge by what Mr. Whitworth writes* and. efpecially by what Count Rottembourg writes to this court. I have much the better hopes of it, that this court does now extremely defire the conclufion of that treaty ; becaufe they are exceedingly alarmed with the King of Spain's preparations, which they apprehend,. are defigned to invade France. And another thing that gives them a great deal of pain, is, that the defertion begins to be very great in the Marechal of Berwick's army. They are of opinion, and with reafon, that the hopes of the * league of the North, keeps up the fpirit of the Spanifh fadion in France, and encourages the Cardinal to ftand out, and to frame projeds of invading this kingdom, in hopes of a general revolution ; all which hopes they think would' be overturned, if the King of Pruffia was detached from the Czar,. * Between the Czar, Pruffia, Sweden, and Denmark. and! 574 STATE PAPERS. george I. and by that means, all expedations deftroyed of a diyerfion in Ger- kJ1^L~> many, and of an invafion, from the North, in Great Britain. I have agreed with the Abbe du Bois, to difpatch a courier to Hano ver, to reprefent the ftate of affairs here, and to. prefs, for that rea fon, in the Regent's name, that the King would overcome all the difficulties that may yet obftrud the conclufion of the treaty with the King of Pruffia, becaufe of the great importance that it is of to his R. H. the Regent, at this critical jundure,- to have the appear ances of a league in the North, to ad in favour of the King, of Spain, deftroyed. If we make ufe of the favourable difpofition of this court, with fkill and diligence, there is a fair profped of our making an end of the northern war, in the manner we can defire, without any oppofition from France ; which we fhould certainly meet with, if their affairs at home did not give them as much pain, as they do at prefent. I have made fo good ufe of this oppor tunity, that I have engaged the Regent, not to fend back the Count de la Marck to Sweden, upon fhewing him all the reafons why that minifter was juftly fufpeded by our court. I hope Lord Carteret is gone ; and that he Will be able to profit of the pre fent favourable difpofition to bring the Swedes into the King*s meafures; and that Lord Stanhope, having reafon on his fide, will be able to get the better of old Bernftorff's humour. STATEPAPERS. S7S Lord Mar to Lord Stair *. GEORGE i: 1719. Geneva, June 2d, 17 19. *T*HIS afternoon I had the pleafure of your obliging return of the 29th of May to mine of the 6th and 22d; by which I have the fatisfadion to fee that I was not miftaken in your friendffiip ; and it were unjuft in me to exped any thing of you, notwithftand ing of that, which you think either too much to take upon you, or wherein there may be a poffibility of what may be thought a preju dice to thofe you ferve. Your laying my requeft before them is all I could exped, and I doubt not of your having done that in the way moft likely to obtain my defire. I will wait for it with patience ; and hope, by fuch interceffion,, and their own good nature, of which I have had proofs before, that I ffiall foon have by you a favourable anfwer,, fince it is really and truly upon the account of my health I want leave to go to France, and that their intereft cannot fuffer by my being there. By taking fome medicines fince I came here, my health is rather better ; but I find I fhall not recover it to any tolerable degree, without the waters, which will make me the more obliged for an allowance of going to Bourbon. I muft own I am very civilly treated by the people of this place, and, befide to be free again, I have only to wiffi, that I had a little- more liberty for taking the air and exercife. It will be towards a fortnight, I judge, before I can know from you the anfwer you have about me ; and in the mean time, I believe I ffiall be obliged, upon account of my health, to afk the government here a. little en largement of my tether ; and if I do, it ffiall be hi fuch a way, that I fancy they can fcarce refufe me, and which I am almoft fure your mafter would not. * Tranfmitted to Secretary Craggs by his Lordfliip, in a private letter of June 14th. If S7S STATE PAPERS. GEORGE I. if any thing new occur, I will give you the trouble of another \. 1?'.9'^> fetter; and I will take up no more of your time juft now, but to affure you that this new proof of your old friendffiip is not only a very fenfible pleafure to me, but what would make me, if poffible, more fincerely and affedionately, &c. Lord Stair to Secretary Craggs. .Paris,NJujy 8th, 17 19, T THANK you moft heartily for your private letter of the 25th,, and for the mark of your friendffiip and confidence you give me. in fending the feveral letters relating, to your negpciationa now on foot. You may be well affured, that Iffiall make ufe of the truft, you repofe in me with difcretion,. and as it b£comes>an honeft man and a friend. I have already had copies of feveral of the moft im portant papers fent me from Hanover; as foon. as I ffialL. have pe~ rufed the whole, and have taken fuch extrads. as are moft neceffary for my guidance, I ffiall return you the whole in. a few days. I am very forry to fee the affairs of the North take fuch an un lucky turn, efpecially for the King of Denmark's leaving us ; for, by that means, we come to ftand fingle, and in a very dangerous and flippery fituation. If We could wait, or Sweden could wait, time would ffiew us what part in prudence we ought to play. Eut I am afraid circumftances are fuch, that we muft already have determined what part to take, and whatever that part is, and however wifely taken, the odds is againft us, that it will be wrong. ; that, is to fay, that k will give handles, to our enemies at home to find fault with the adminiftration, and to our enemies abroad to hurt us. In the mean time, our fquadron in the Baltic is expofed not only to make an ill figure, but is in real danger, efpecially if the Dane and Mus covite STATE PAPERS. 577 eovlte are fo far agreed to have taken meafures together. But it is to george l. be hoped, as it generally happens in fuch cafes, that there is but a < — -* — 7* half concert between them. I hope Providence will continue to take care of us, and dired the King to take right meafures ; that is to fay, meafures that will be juftified by- fuccefs ; for I take the con- jundure to be fo delicate, that human wifdom, without it is affifted by good fortune, does not fuffice to guide the wifeft men in this cafe to take a right party. Doing nothing,we are expofed to be undone, by the meafures the Mufcovites may have taken with the Dane to attack our fquadron In the firft place, for fear we ffiould help the Swedes. If we do not affift the Swedes, that nation is in danger of being ruined, to the great detriment- of our trade, and of all Europe. If we do affift them, we run a rifk to entangle ourfelves in their ruin, and to draw the enmity of the Dane upon ourfelves; who, becaufe of the fituation of his dominions, is one of the moft dan" gerous enemies we could have at this time. What I apprehend the moft is, the conjundion of the Danifh and Mufeovite fleets ; but there is this one refledion to give me hopes, that, in cafes of the like nature, we have always feen allies run feparately to the execu tion of their own particular projeds, to the certain prejudice of the common caufe. The evacuation of the Milanefe after the battle, of Turin, faved France in the firft place ; for thofe very troops, which the Emperor might have ruined entirely, and have made himfelf mafter of in detail, in three or four months time, made him rife from before Toulon ; which place, and the fuccefs of the whole war was loft a fecond time, by" the great detachment of the Emperor's troops to take poffeffion of the kingdom of Naples. It is to be hoped, that the Danifh and the Mufeovite Minifters are nobbier than the Emperor's Minifters were at that time; and that the union v of thefe new allies, made in hafte, Is not more perfed than our union was with the Imperial CoUrt at that time. In that cafe we may have an opportunity, in conjundion with the Swedes, to fave Vol. ,11. 4 E thera 578 STATE PATE R S. GEORGE I. them from the Czar. If the King of Denmark's projed goes no ' farther, than making himfelf mafter of the little province of Dallie, which joins to NorWay, and which would make it entirely imprac* ticable for the Swedes to attack Norway, if the province of Dallie was in the King of Denmark's hands, there is no great danger if the Dane fucceeds in it ; on the contrary, that conqueft would make the peace with the King of Denmark more pradicable, becaufe, id cafe of that conqueft made by the Danes, that province might be preferved to them by the peace with Sweden ; and, in exchange, the King of Denmark might yield to the Duke of Holftein, the ifle of Rugen, and Pomerania, to make the faid Duke an equivalent for Slefwyck ; and to make the Crown of Sweden find their account in that, the fucceffion to the Crown, after the deceafe ofthe Queen and the Prince of Heffe, might be declared in favour of the Duke of Holftein. So that, by this means, at leaft a part of Pomerania would again return to be united to the Crown of Sweden, with the ' acceffion of the Dutchy of Holftein. As to the part this Court will ad in the affairs of the North, my opinion is, that they will lye by entirely ; and that they will not put out a little finger to help the Swedes ; and they will be cooler to us as long as our diftruft On that fide lafts. For the conftant pradice of the Court of France, in all times, has been, to be very fond of their allies, when they could be of prefent ufe to them, and to be very negledful of their beft friends, when they were fo unlucky as to have preffing need. of their affiftance. So it fares with the Swedes ; and fo it would fare wifh us, if we fhould have the misfortune to be in their cafe. In this matter, the prefent circumftances of the French nation will concur with the Regent's- own natural temper to de termine him to lye by, to fee how we can get ourfelves out of the affairs of the North. This Court is not forry to fee ours a little em barraffed, and they are very willing, in all cafes of the like nature, to puffi us into danger and difficulties, as much as they can, and to 5 ftand STATE PAPERS. $?Q ftand aloof themfelves. Such has been their condud in all the he- Georgei. gociations in Spain, before the war broke out ; all the hard fteps were made by the King and his Minifters. At Vienna we have borne the Odium of all the unpalatable terms which have been exaded from the Emperor. In Holland, they have let the States know that they would have figned the inftrument of the States acceffion, if our Mi-1- nifters would have confented to do fo. You may remember, that they have all along declared, that they would not allow the State6 to profit by the trade to Spain, if they did not come into the quadruple alliance. The Abbe du Bois has, in exprefs words, told the Dutch Ambaffador fo, more than once or twice. At prefent, when the firing^ of interrupting the commerce between Spain and Holland is touched, they give no found ; and ffiew plainly enough, that if we make fuch a declaration at the Hague, they will either not ftand by us at all, or at leaft let all the odium of the matter fall upon us. I think it will be imprudent for us to make fuch a ftep, till we fee that they are refolved to go hand in hand with us. As to the affairs of Spain, you fee how flowly and backwardly the war is carried on, and how unwillingly they are to come into mea fures to encourage the Spaniards to take arms for the recovery of their rights and privileges, which is the only fure and fpeedy way to make an end of the war. I am afraid we ffiall have difficulty to prevail with them to put their army into fuch a fituation as may give encouragement to the Spaniards to endeavour to help themfelves. I am afraid they have a hankering after a feparate peace with Spain, which can end in nothing but ruin and deftrudion to the Regent. He fees it from time to time, and ads accordingly ; but then, by fits and ftarts, other fears and jealoufies prevail ; which embarraffes the fprings that gave motion to the war, and makes the execution feeble and flow; and, in the interim, time runs away, and the feafon of ading paffes improfitably. I have fome fufpicion that there is fome underhand tampering with. Spain.' J cannot imagine what great bu- 4 E a finefs •7'9- 58o STATE PAPERS, GEORGE t fmefs the Sardinian Ambaffador is charged with, to give him occa fion to have evety week long audiences ofthe Regent, and frequent and long conferences with the Abbe du Bois. Our poor friend the Abbe is, by turns, all fire and all ice ; one day flying in the air, and the next day grovelling in duft ; one day- open and frank, and the next day dark and myfterious. Sometimes he thinks I have too much power with the Regent, and endeavours to break off my feeing himT in private ; and, at other times, he de fires I fhould have credit, and defires the Regent ffiould hear me, and liften to me. I do the beft I can to footh him, and to bear all his inequalities. I wiffi, from my heart, he had the Cardinal's hat upon his head ; but I am afraid, his mafter*s temper is fuch, that he will never be brought to agree to it. He thinks the Abbe would be too independant, and make too great a figure if he had that hat upon his head. The fame temper makes that he will never declare for any party, nor truft himfelf entirely to any number of perfons ¥ which temper and circumftances muft, of neceffity, produce a great uncertainty of meafures, -and a continual derangement in the execu~ tion of what is refolved. This is a great ill, but it is almoft as hard to be remedied, as it is to make a plum-tree bear pears. We muft fee to jogg on the beft way we can ; and we ffiould, in all pro bability, do very well, if we could avoid fchifms in our own party* They make us weak and contemptible. You know my way of thinking as to cabals. I ffiall be an enemy to them at all times, and upon all occafions. I am much more in pain about our divifions, at home, and our private diffentions, than about our foreign affairs. Since I wrote what is above, I have feen the Regent, and ffiewed him the advice you fent concerning the dernier refource of the Spa niards, which was imagined to be a defign againft his life. He thanked me; and faid, that all he -could do was not to expofe him felf idly, and, after that, not to be in pain about fuch defigns, which were difficult to be put in execution. He told me on thai occafion, that: STATEPAPERS. #x that two days ago he had received advice, that -within thefe few George r. months, he had poifon given him twice, which had taken no effed; yJl^ he faid he did not believe the fad, but that fuch intelligence had been given him to make him uneafy. He faid, what, he thought, (poifon excepted) he had moft to apprehend, was from the Iriffi. I afterwards gave him an account of the affairs of the North, and of the danger Sweden feemed to be in ; being attacked at once, on two fides, by the Danes and the Mufcovites. I told him, that I per- ceived the King was in great perplexity what meafures to take, be ing preffed on the one fide, by the defire of faving the kingdom of Sweden from total ruin ; and on the other fide, by dangers and dif ficulties that feemed to attend the attempting to fave that kingdom : that I knew the king would refolve nothing without confulting with his Royal Highnefs, which I reckoned I ffiould .very quickly have orders to do ; that, in the mean time, I had thought it necef fary to acquaint his Royal Highnefs with the ftate, of the affairs of the North, and of the dangerous profped there was for Sweden,, that his Royal- Highnefs might have his thoughts about the' matter, and confider in time what was fit to be done. He faid, he thought it was abfolutely neceffary to fave Sweden if it was poffible; and that he would be ready to advance fubfidies for thaLend, which he had only interrupted paying, becaufe he found that it gave umbrage to the King; but that the ftate of the affairs of that kingdombe- ing changed by the death oFthe King of Sweden, he would be ready to do," in that matter, and in all the other affairs of the North, what the King fhould think moft advifeable. I thought it was fit to feel the Regent's pulfe upon this fubjed. I afterwards tried the Abbe du Bois in the fame manner. He faid plainly, that the Regent nei ther could nor would- give a penny of money ; that he wasr up to the neck already", and could go no farther. I faid, I reckoned the King would dp as the Regent did, whatever that was ; and that we had Wronger reafons to aid; with caution in that matter, and not. to in*- 3 vok.& . ' - 5$* STATEPAPERS. George r. voive ourfelves in-the ruin that feemed to threaten their old ally. I 1719. _ ¦ . toldhim that I had faid a word to the Regent of the dangerous fitu ation that kingdom feemed to be in, and of the difficulties there would be to fave it ; and that I had recommended it to his Royal Highnefs to think of that matter. He afked what the Regent had faid. I told him, that his Highnefs feemed to be in pain for Sweden ; and that he would think of that matter ferioufly, and fpeak to me again. I did not think fit to tell the Abbe what the Regent had faid ; becaufe I had found him difpofed to make an ill ufe of confidence made him of the like nature. I fpoke to the Regent, at the fame time, of the meafures to be taken with the Dutch. He afked me, if it was my opinion that the beft way to deal with them was to threaten to interrupt their com merce with Spain. I told him, verily I believed it was. Well, if that be fo, we muft threaten them ; and he faid, he would fend or ders to Monfieur de Morville to do in that matter as Lord Cadogan fhould have orders to do. I told him, that it was abfolutely necef fary to go hand in hand ; and at the fame time, that it was abfo lutely neceffary, that if we did threaten, we ffiould put thofe threats into execution. Then we talked of the affairs of Spain. I told him I thought it was very flrange that the Spaniards, being difappointed in all their projeds, did not begin to talk of peace, and to make overtures. He faid, he had reafons to think they would do fo very quickly ; that the Abbe Landi, the Duke of Parma's Minifter, had received a cou rier from his Mafter, and had defired to fpeak with the Abbe du Bois that afternoon; that what made him believe that he' had fome overtures of peace to make, was becaufe he knew that the Duke of Parma had. received a courier from Spain ; and that, if the Abbe' made any overtures, I fhould be immediately informed. The Abbe du Bois afterwards told me the fame ftory. STATE PAPER S. 583 GEORGE I. 1719. Paris, Auguft 10th, 1719. "ji/f ON SI EUR de Crampredon fets out to-night, and carries Wlt;h him three hundred thoufand rixdollars in lingots of gold. The Regent has behaved himfelf exceeding well in this matter. He told me, that though the Abbe du Bois had been of another opinion, he himfelf had not varied from what he told me ; which was, that it was difhonourable in France, not to affift fuch an ally as Sweden had been, when that Crown was in fuch extreme danger as it hap pened to be at prefent. The Regent told me very obligingly, that another reafon which principally determined him to affift Sweden, was the engagements he faw the King had taken to fupport that Crown, and that he was very glad to. give countenance to his Ma jefty's meafures, and to fupport them as mueh as lay in his power. Our friend the Abbe is now forward and adive in difpatching this matter, and takes all the merit of it to himfelf. I am very well pleafed to let him do fo ; and do not feem to remember one word of what he formerly faid to me on that fubjed. We are embarked j God fend us good fuccefs. If Sweden is able to do any thing to help themfelves, we fhall fave them. We hear the Czar's fleet is* in what they call the river of 'Stockholm; but it does not enter into my head that the Czar will venture to land his army ; it is rifking both his. army and'his fleet to be undone. There is one thing I think we fhould take great care of; and that iiS, to have an engagement from the King of Denmark, that he will n.ot join his fleet with the Czar's, which probably he would be glad to jrive, that we may not difturb him in his operations againft Swe den. If the King of Denmark gives us the fecurity we defire, as to his fleet, any progrefs he can make in the province of Dallie is- of no confequence, and may ferve to make the peace between the King jg4 S T A T E P A P E R S. GEORGE 1. King of Denmark and Sweden more pradicable. For- Denmark, to preferve the little province of Dallie, which covers Norway, will make no manner of difficulty to give up Pomerania. And, as things ffand at prefent, I do not know but it is as good that Swe den ffiould have a foot in the Empire as not, to keep the King of Pruffia in check, who will certainly be at any body's fervice to do mifchief, who has money to give,' or advantages to offer. The Marquis Scotti * is arrived here this morning. I believe he has. no great matters to offer, further than fuch general difcourfes as the Cardinal has all along flung out. His Eminency is too full at prefent of hopes from the North, and from Sicily, to make any propofals that can be liftened to ; and the Regent does not, at pre- ' fent, feem to be in a difpofition to let himfelf be amufed. He is ' more pofitive than ever, that there can be no good peace ; no peace that is not more dangerous than. the war, without fending away Alberoni ; and I do now verily believe that he will enter into the ne- •ceffary engagements with the people of Spain to determine them to -take arms for the recovery of their privileges,. I am glad you are of opinion to receive the Dutch into the quad ruple alliance, upon the conditions they offer. Their acceffion in that manner, will have all the effed we can propofe from it; which is, the reputation of having them embarked in the fame quarrel. And indeed, what they offer is as much as what France does at this very time. This Court will certainly accept of what the Dutch offer; for they were for having their acceffion at any rate; and would have figned with the explication the States gave. I am glad of this expedient for another reafon; and that is, becaufe it takes the odium of hard meafures from off- our backs, where -the French very adroitly laid it. * The Minifter of the Djike of Parma at Madrid, and for fome time a great favourite of ithe Queen of Spain. This S T A T E P A P E R S. 585 This affair of * Guypofcoa is a very lucky one. If the French Ge6rge i. give their guarantee, it will be a leading card for all the reft of the u.Hy'1'^ provinces of Spain. If they refufe it, which I do not believe they will, it wiH ffiew us plainly what we have to exped.- You may take it for granted, that the King of Pruffia will not fign with us, till he fees what becomes of the Czar's negociations and expedition. My dear Craggs, Paris, Auguft aoth. .7.9. ALL our fine projeds for this campaign are overturned at once. Monfieur de Belleifle, Marfhal de Camp, arrived yefterday morn ing from the Marechal de Berwick, with the news, that it was im- pradicable to carry the caftle of St. Sebaftian by force, and that the fjege muft be turned into a blockade, which would require fixteen . battalions ; fo that there would not be foot enough left to execute the projed of entering into Arragon. I do not know what refolution the Regent has come to, for the operations of the reft of the campaign. I reckon it will be to take poffeffion of all Bifcay, and to eftabliffi winter quarters there. If this contretemps would encourage Albe roni to ftand out, I ffiould be very glad on it ; for I ffiould be forry to make peace before we had made ourfelves a little the better for the war ; which, I think, might eafily be contrived, more ways than one, if right meafures are taken in time. The Regent, fome days ago, feemed firmly refolved to make no peace with Spain, without having Alberoni fent away in the firft place. I do not know how far this unforefeen difappointment may make him change his mind ; though I think it ffiould not. • Some offers made from that province to conneil themfelves with Fiance. Vol. II. 4 F Miffifippi I7'9- SM STATE PAPERS. George I. Miffifippi begins to ftagger ; the adions fall, and there are no more buyers; which has happened by Law's imprudence, and boundlefe defire of gain. He had raifed the adions to fuch a price, that it re quired above forty millions to pay the intereft at four per cent. When the French, by degrees, began to make this calculation, and found that it was impoffible that ever the King could find his account to furnifh fuch a fum annually to fupport Miffifippi, they found themfelves cheated ; and they are now crowding to fell out. Law will do what he can to fupport the adions, but the thing is im poffible. The myftery of the matter is this ; in the original- fund of one hundred millions, the King and the Regent had about forty millions; and the fame proportion of additional fubfcription of fifty millions. The company bought the coinage of the King at fifty millions, to be paid in fifteen months. Befides thefe fifty millions, the King or the Regent, by felling out when the adions were at four hundred, might have got two hundred millions ; at which rate they might have been fupported. But by buoying them up to fix hun dred, to make the Regent win three hundred millions, Law rifks to have the whole fabric tumble to the ground. For the French,, who run on boldly and impetuoufly in the beginning of all enter- prizes, run back with the fame impetuofity when once they are re buffed. I do not know if I have explained this matter to you* fo as that ' you will be able to underftand. It is, certainly, fomething more extravagant, and more ridiculous, than any thing that ever happened in any other country. I wiffi for your diverfion, I could but talk one hour to you upon that fubjed. STATE PAPERS. 587 GEORGE I. Paris, Auguft 24th, 1719. i?i9* T STILL like the expedition to Spain very well, and I believe it will have a very good effed". but I gueffed, by letters I had from Hanover, that they did not like it there, and that it would not be made *. So, for fhe very reafon that I had propofed it, I did not think it neceffary to prefs it. I am afraid our fquadron in the Baltic will be of little ufe to us ; and, to tell you my mind plainly, I do not wonder that Sir John Nqrris is backward. I think that his orders are given with a diffi dence, that does not infpire fpirit into a man that is to execute them. Paris, Auguft 30th, 1719. T N a long converfation I had with the Abbe to-night, he feems apprehenfive that Torcy gains ground ; and that there may be a clofe connedion betwixt Law and Torcy, with views to turn the Abbe out. I am afraid this apprehenfion of the Abbe is not without ground; but, however that may be, I am perfuaded we ffiaflquickly fee this Court" take airs which will not be eafy to bear ; and I am not a little apprehenfive, that we ffiall very quickly fee them come into meafures that we ffiall have no reafon to like.. If this ffiould be true? we muft not, in my poor opinion, feem to take any notice of it; but at the fame time, it will behove us to exert ourfelves to find out ways, without lofs of time, to get rid of the preflure of the public debts. I wiffi Lord Mar was at liberty, upon his parole to the town of Geneva, and he had permiffion to go to the waters of Bourbon ; fro.m whence he propofes to come hither to finiffi his treaty, which cannot be done by writing. I ffiould be glad to know what penfion you v 1 --''" * it was made under the command of the late Lord Cobham. 'i 4 F 2 would 588 STATE PAPERS!" george r. would allow him, till he can be reftored. He defires his wife may u,.-,'!'^ be helped to touch her jointure, the payment of which is flopped by the Commiffioners ; without which, he fays, ffie will not be able to make her journey from Rome.. I have offered him, for-that, credit upon me for. a. thoufand, pounds. Then he mentions an arrear due to, him upon his falary as Secretary of State;, but this, laft point he. referves to be treated by word of mouth. Paris, September ift, 17 19. TN anfwer to the firft part of your private letter of the 18th ofT Auguft, O. S. which relates to Lord Mar^ in my opinion, if her does but treat and accept of the penfion from the King, it is not: a fhilling matter to us whether he leaves the Pretender's caufe, be caufe he thinks it a bad'one* or whether he leaves it becaufe He thinks it cannot any longer be fupported. The effeds of his leaving the Pretender will be the fame, in whatever manner he does it, and with whatever view : fo I would let his Lordffiip pleafe himfelf in that: It is very plain, in three or four months time, it will come to be all the fame thing. All the Jacobites mouths are open againft him already; when he withdraws his wife from Rome, and1 takes up his habitation at Geneva, he will, have no party left for him to take but to fling himfelf Into the hands of government; and if he ffiould not behave himfelf as he ought, what dovyou venture? You? are mafters of flopping the penfiOn, I would let* him go to Bourbon, that he may Have an opportu nity of coming hither to finiffi his treaty with me ; and, I think, you may depend upon it, he will agree in your way, if you do not like his. I can fee, he begins to grow exceeding uneafy, and to ap prehend that, the government has no other intention but to expofe- him; I hope the orders from Hanover concerning him will arrive, fpeedily* S T A T E P A P E R S.. 589 fpeedily. If they do not, we ffiall force him back to the Pretender ; GE°*°E L and it is very plain he will have no manner of difficulty in getting away. The town of Geneva is heartily tired of keeping him pri- foner ; and we fhall not be able to prevail with them to' detain him mueh longer. For the ffories I mentioned to you relating to myfelf, they did not move me much. People that are, or pretend to be your friends, fometimes think people talk unkindly of you when they fpeak the truth and' do you juftice. I am far from being fo partial to myfelf, not to know that I have many faults, which one may very well fee without being an enemy to me perfonaUy. I know, my dear Craggs, how much I am obliged to you for your friendffiip, which goes even to partiality in my favour. * But fuppofing I had talents, and that I were fitter to ferve you at this Court than another ; you will be obliged to change your MinU fter. You may depend on it, this Court, with their fortune, will change their meafures; and they will defire to have a man here that they may be either able to. gain or impofe upon-.— You muft henceforth look upon Law as the firft Minifter, whofe daily difcourfe is, that he will, raife France to a greater height thaa ever ffie was, upon the ruin of England and Holland.- You may eafily imagine I ffiall not be a Minifter for his purpofe. He- is very much difpleafed with me already* becaufe I did not flatter his vanity by putting into Miffifippi. I did not think it became the King's Ambaffador to give countenance to fuch, a thing, or an exam ple to others to. withdraw their effeds from England, to put them into the flocks here ;. which would have been readily followed by many. I have been in the wrong to myfelf, to the value of thirty or forty thoufand pounds, which I might very eafily have gained; if I had put myfelf, as others did, into Mr. Law's hands;, but I thought it was my duty, confidering my ftation, not to do fo.. 59© S T A TE PAPERS. GEORG.E r. If j am not very much miftaken, the taking of Meffina has happened 1 7 1 9 • « v » very luckily. Without that, I believe the Germans would not have. received payment of their fubfidies fo very quickly ; nor would the artillery and ammunition, which is now readily fent, have been given. I found them very deaf and backward, upon this fubjed, many days .together. I am afraid there were fome people who thought the tkne favourable to make up with Spain, at the Emperor's expence and of ours ; and it is very certain our treaties in the North gave no joy here. The Abbe did not tell me fo, but I could, eafily gather as much from what- he faid. He told me, that if fome people prevailed, mear fures would be changed ; that Torcy of late took the afcendant very much; and that the Regent difcovered a great partiality towards him ; and that, if it continued a little longer, he, the Abbe, w°nfd lay down. I am fure Law is in this thing; for he will befor remov- ing every thing that, does not abfolutely depend on him, and that can, in any manner, ftand in his way. to hinder him to be firft Mir nifter. Law's heart has been fet upon that from the beginning; and we. ftand too dir'edly in the way of his ambitious views, for Fran#£ to imagine that a good underftanding can fubfift long between the nations, if he comes to govern abfolutely. Paris, September 9th, 1719. T TOLD you, in my former letter, what the Abbe du Bois faid : to me upon the fubjed of Torcy's taking the afcendant. over him in the Regent's favour, and of the clofe connedion he, the Abbe'i apprehended- was between Torcy and -Law. He has fince confirmed the fame thing to me in feveral converfations ; and feemed to be in vepy great concern, and to have thoughts of laying down, which I advifed him not to do. The Abbe likewife told me that there Were many things which were hid from him; and that he apprehended there was fome change of meafures. This poffibly might be a copy of the Abbe'* STATE PAPERS. 591 Abbe's countenance to draw me in to fpeak. However,' I ffiewed GEORGE 1. no apprehenfions of any change of meafures, but ffiewed great con cern for him. But to you I muft freely own I apprehend this change of meafures was very near at hand ; and if this new miracle for the Houfe of Auftria had not happened to put Sicily into their hands, I believe we were upon the very point of feeing it break out ; but, in my opinion, this fudden turn of fortune has given a check to that de fign. I ffiall not repeat to you what I faid to you in my laft private letter upon the delay of difpatching Chavigny. I ffiall only obferve to you, that upon the idle ftory that prevailed here, that the Spanifh army had come up to Meffina after the town had furrendered to the Germans ; and that they had been introduced into the town by a gate, which was ftill in poffeffion of the Marquis Spinola, by means of the entrenchments he had made in the town ; that, after the Spaniards had got, in, there had been a furious battle in the town, in which all the German army had been entirely deftroyed ; I fay, upon this, idle ftory, Chavigny who, the Abbe told me on Tuefday night, was adually gone for Genoa, was not difpatched till Thurfday morn^ ing, after the arrival of the Courier from Rome, who brought an account of the good ftate of the Emperor's affairs in Sicily. I do not take this for a proof; but I take it for a very ftrong prefumption, when it is joined to Chavigny 's former delay, and to many things which have occafionally flipt from the Regent, ffiewing his defire that the war in Sicily might not be ended. Nobody can be fo blind, as not to fee that this Court has all along had fecret negociations with the Court of Spain, which they always hoped to bring to bear, and which nothing but the King of Spain's perfonal hatred to the Duke of Orleans, and their mutual diffidence of one another, has prevented. Do but look back into the manage ment of the War of Spain; the backwardnefs to encourage the Spa" 6 niards 59a STATE PAPERS. george I. niarfjs t0 ta,fce arms; and all their fhufflingand lying that we have « ' feen in the matter of the Marechal of Berwick's full powers ; their allowing the Spaniards to be affifted by Frenchmen and from France; and their refufing to come into any meafures to fecure our trade; the affair of Dunkirk; and twenty other things of the fame na ture; and then fee, if it is poffible to believe that thefe people have played us fair play, or that they intend to do fo in time to come. It is true, they helped us in our treaty with the King of Pruffia : but when did they do fo ? When they were apprehenfive that the King of Spain was upon the point of breaking into France, and when they were very diffident of their own army, officers and fol diers. When things came to change in Spain, you faw how very ¦cool they grew in that matter, and what part they aded in it. If our peace, unexpededly made with Sweden, and Lord Stanhope's addrefs, had not hurried that matter on much fafter than was ex- peded here, we ffiould have no manner of occafion to give them thanks for their good offices. To judge by appearances, they were •heartily vexed and furprized at the treaty; and I do not know but a good part of the -disfavour the Abbe du Bois complains" of, might arife from the reproaches Torcy made the Abbe of his want of fkill and addrefs in letting thofe treaties be concluded. Pecquet told an under-fecretary of mine the other day, My Lord Stair eft un ha bile Mini/ire.', il fait de L'Abbe du Bois tout ce qu'il veut. fe le fcais bien. If you afk me whence this change of meafures proceeds ? The rea- fon of it is very plain ; they tell the Regent that he has now over come all his difficulties ; that France is now greater, and in a more ffourifhing condition, than ever ffie was ; and that, to make his court to the nation, he has nothing to do" now but to enter into the anci ent maxims and political views of the Crown; and to make all EuT rope depend on France, or to cruffi thofe that ftand in the way. If * the STATE PAPERS. ,593 the Emperor's affairs had gone ill in Sicily, as they were like to do, george i. ' 17 1 b. and a league offenfive and defenfive had been clapped up with Spain, < — -v-^~ ' I leave you to imagine in what condition we ffiould have found our felves immediately. I defire, in this place, you will take notice of the attention this court has had of late to have couriers difpatched from Rome, upon every event of confequence that has happened in Sicily ; and of the confequences that the arrival of every one ofthe couriers had; and of the variation it has produced in their condud. Before I leave this point, I will take notice of another thing to. you; and that is, that this court difowns that they had any hand in our treaties with Sweden, and Pruffia; and- the difcourfe of the people about the court is, that the court diflike them both. I come now to take notice of another thing to you, which in my opinion is very much to be minded ; and that is the fpi'rkj behaviour, and difcourfe ofthe man whom, from henceforth, you muft look upon as the firft minifter ; and that is Mr. Law. He, in all his difcourfe, pretends that he will fet France higher than ever ffie was before, and put her in a condition to give the law to all Europe ; that he can ruin the trade and credit of England and Holland, whenever he pleafes ; that he can break our bank, whenever he has a mind ; and our Eaft India company. He faid publickly the other day at his own table, when Lord Londonderry was prefent, that there was but one great kingdom in Europe, and one great town ; and that was France and Paris. . He told Pitt, that he would bring down our Eaft India ftock ; and entered into articles with him to fell him at twelve months hence, a hundred thoufand pounds of ftock, at eleven, per cent, under the prefent current price. You may imagine what we have to apprehend from a man of this temper, who makes no fcruple to declare fuch views, and who will have all the power and all the credit at this court. I have been told, within this week, by a man who has ever given me the beft intelligence from the Jacobites, that they Took upon Vol. II. 4 G their s$4 STATE PAPERS.^ ^— v- george I. their affairs to be in a better fituation than ever they were in. He 11** _, afked me, if we were fure of the Regent ? I told him, yes. Then, fays he, we are much miftaken ; for we are affured, from hands we think good, that many months will not pafs without a rupture be tween England and France. I told him, that was the fillyeft of all their dreams. However, what that man faid to me, has come into my mind feveral times 'fince that converfation. What I conclude from all this is, .that it behoves us to be upon our guard; to have our eyes open, whilft we feem to fufped no thing; to prefs the Emperor, with all poffible warmth, to make an end of the war in Sicily, and to make the conqueft of Sardinia ; and, in the mean time, to exert ourfelves with all imaginable vigour, to find fome immediate relief from the preffure of our public debt. In that cafe, we ffiall be able to make the execution of Mr. Law's fcheme fomething difficult. I muft not forget to tell you, that the Marechal d'Eftrees pretends in two years to have a hundred fhips of the line of battle. Paris, September the 23d, 17 19. rpHE fudden turn of the. Emperor's affairs in Sicily, and the good ftate of our affairs of the NorthJ has made a very great change at this courj,. They feem now to have laid afide the fcheme I men tioned to you lately, into which they were -going very faft. The Regent appears now to court the King's friendfhip as much as ever; he fpeaks to me again with all imaginable confidence and opennefs ; and he feems refolved to purfue the plan of the quadruple alliance. The Abbe feems to be in heart, and to have hopes again of get ting the better of Torcy. About a fortnight ago, things were fo bad with him, that he talked of nothing but of laying down. He then begged of me that I would make a laft effort with the Regent againft Torcy, which I promifed to do ; and have performed ac cordingly. After STATE PAPERS. ^ 55 After much difcourfe with the Regent about the neceffity of re- george i. l7 '9' moving Alberoni, and how dangerous it might be to his Royal < Highnefs, to have the affairs of Spain in the Cardinal's hands, when the minority was over, and how eafy it might be for Alberoni to form a party at this court againft him, the Duke of Orleans, con fidering into what hands the young King would probably fall, when he came to be Major, I told him that there was one thing that had ever furprifed me in his Royal Highnefs's condud, who was a man of fo much forefight and penetration, that I had forborn to mention it to him, for a reafon which he would eafily guefs, when I had now told him what I had to fay ; which was, that I thought he had a fure way to maintain his power after the majority ; which was by making himfelf entirely mafter of the foreign affairs, fo that nobody but himfelf ffiould have any perfed knowledge of the ftate of them ; in which cafe it was impoffible for the young King to be able to go vern without his Royal Highnefs. That there was but one man in the kingdom that could have it in his power to hurt, by the know ledge he had of that matter, which was Monfieur de Torcy ; and that, for that reafon, I had always thought it flrange, that his Royal Highnefs kept Torcy in the conftant train and knowledge of all the foreign affairs. The Regent anfwered me, he was fure of Monfieur de Torcy. I anfwered him, that it might very well be, that Monfieur de Torcy was, and would be, faithful to him ; but, at the fame time, that it appeared to me that prudence required that he ffiould hot put himfelf* entirely into Monfieur de Torcy's power ; that he might ioad Monfieur de Torcy with honours and riches, but, at the fame time, it might be advifeable to break the chain of his know ledge of foreign affairs, for fome time before the majority ; that in that cafe, as his Royal Highnefs was perfuaded that Torcy had not the inclination to hurt his intereft, he would then be fure that he had not the power ; and that, afterwards, if he found that Torcy was,, 4 G 2 , faithful, $96 STATE PA P E R S. george I. faithful, he might then put the foreign affairs entirely into his hands,, J1!!Lj if he found it for his fervice. , , , The Regent heard with a good deal of attention what I faid, and told me that the refledion 1 had made was a very judicious one; that it merited his ferious confideration ; that he would think of it ; that, in the mean time, it appeared to him that the wifeft thing he could do, was to follow the advice I had given him, and to break the chain of Torcy's knowledge of foreign affairs. The Regent tried me upon the head of the Abbe. He faid Torcy and the Abbe were very ill friends. I told him I had heard fo ; but that I did not enter into their quarrels ; that my refledion was abftraded from every other confideration, but regard to his Royal Highnefs's intereft. As foon as this converfation was ended, I gave an account of it to the Abbe, who received it with great pleafure. He was in the greateft apprehenfion that Mr. Law, in conjundion with Torcy, had a mind to turn him out. The Abbe is now labouring hard to make his projed to bear, to accommodate the affair of the conftitution.. The Abbe's projed is to prevail with the Cardinal de Noailles, to accept of terms to be propofed by the neutral Bifhops, which he fays, are very advantageous to the appellants ; but, at the fame time, they are very agreeable to the court of Rome ; to that degree, that, if the projed fucceeds, the Abbe is to have the hat without the nomi nation of either the Emperor or France ; and of this the Abbe thinks himfelf well affured. To facilitate this projed, the prefent Nuncio is recalled, and. another is to be fent in his place.. The Abbe, who has many letters of the Nuncio, in which he talks very indifcreetly pf the Regent, to ingratiate himfelf with the Nuncio, prevailed with the Regent not to infift upon his being recalled and excluded from the promotion of Cardinals to be made. So he is to go home, by the Pope's order, and is to be Cardinal at the firft promotion. But the Abbe's civilities have had no effed ; for the Nuncio continues to- write to Rome in the ftrongeft terms, in favour ofthe Archbifhop of Rheims, 1719. STATE PAPERS. 597 Rhelms, which piques the Abbe much. This matter of the accom- george u modation is at this prefent time in great agitation. The news of the town Is, that the Cardinal de Noailles is to be facrificed to the Pope. The affair of Miffiffipi goes on with the fame fury. They have made a new fubmiffion for fifty millions at a thoufand per adion, which raifes five hundred' millions, to be paid in ten months. The public has run upon this new fubfcription with that fury, that near the double of that fum is fubfcribed for ; and there have been the greateft brigues and quarrels to have place in the fubfcription, to that degree, that the new fubmiffions are not yet delivered out, nor is the firft payment received. Mr. Law's door is ffiut, and all the people of quality in France are on foot, in hundreds, before his door in the Place Vendome. I hope our good fuccefs in the North will make our affairs ir* Parliament eafy ; we muft in that eafe exert ourfelves to do fome thing decifive towards the payment of the public debts, if we do not intend to fubmit ourfelves to the condition, in which Mr. Law pre tends to put all Europe. He fays, il rendra la France fi grande que toutes les nations de VEurope, enverront des Ambaffadeurs d Paris, et le roy n'enverra que des couriers. The talk of Paris is, that the peace with Spain is as good as made by the means of Scotti ; but I do not believe it. As things ftand, I am perfuaded the Regent will go on with the allies, to reduce Spain* without making a feparate treaty. That party, at prefent, would be too dangerous ; though at the fame time I am well affured there have been under -hand dealings, which would have had very bad confequences if the Emperor's affairs in Sicily had not taken a lucky turn, and if our treaties in the North had mifcarried. Lord Mar's affairs has taken a very ill turn. Robethon Wrote to Marfay the reafons, why neither of the Secretaries of State would fend orders for his being at liberty upon his parole, and defired that he: 5 5g8 STATE PAPERS. •george I. he would let the firft peopleof government know that it would not be difagreeable if they would take it upon themfelves to releafe Lord Mar, taking his parole of honour, not to go out of their territory without their leave. This the town of Geneva would not. come into. They faid, it was lofihg the merit of what they had done, in arrefting Lord Mar ; and becaufe the King had exprefsly defired in his letters, that Lord Mar might-be kept fafe, till they heard further from his Majefty. This vexes Lord Mar mightily, and makes him believe that he has been amufed all this while, and that the court never had any other defign in treating with him, but to expofe him. You may imagine that I have my own ffiare in this vexation. I would not have him think that I had played an unfair part to him. Another thing troubles him, he lofes the feafon of the waters of Bourbon, which he really wanted for his health, which is very bad. I wiffi it were poffible to fet this matter right. Paris, OdVober the 12th, 1719. TV/T Y opinion of Lord Mar's affair is, that, upon hispetition to the government of Geneva to be fet at liberty, upon his parole, to go to the waters of Bourbon, and to return thither, to remain under the engagement he offered ; the government of Geneva ffiould have re prefented the thing to the King, and his Majefty ffiould have allowed them to do as they thought beft ; and a private intimation ffiould have been given, that the King would not take it amifs if they grant ed what Lord Mar defired. By this means, none of the King's fervants would have been expqfed, and, in my opinion, you would have detached Lord Mar from the Pretender's fervice. He is tired of that court, and would be very glad to fave his honours and his' eftate to his fon. STATE PAPERS- 599 GEORGE I. Paris, Oftober the 20th, 1719. '7'9- AS to Lord Mar, the things' that fhock you fhock me ; but our bufinefs is to break the Pretender's party, by detaching him from it, which we ffiall effedually do, by letting him live in quiet at Geneva or elfewhere, and by giving him a penfion. Whatever his Lordffiip's intentions may be, it is verycertain in a few months the Jacobites will pull his throat out. You know them well enough not to doubt of it. At the fame time, I know by Dillon, and others, that the Pretender looks upon Mar as loft, and has had no manner of confidence in it, ever fince Lady Mar came into Italy. They looked upon her as a fpy, and that ffie had corrupted her hufband. This, you may depend upon it, is true. Paris, Odober the 29th, 1719s. T ORD MAR is outre at the ufage he has met with. He fays, our minifters may be great and able men, but that they are not fkilful at making profelytes, or keeping friends when they have them. I am pretty much of his mind. He was certainly determin ed to leave the Pretender's intereft, and intended to begin by with drawing altogether and living retired, till this ufage gave him a handle to go farther. The Pretender, I know, wrote him the kindeft letter imaginable, fince his return into Italy, with the warmeft invi tation to return to his poft, which he refufed abfolutely, upon pre text of his health, and the refolution he had taken to meddle no more in public bufinefs. Saladin, who is now at Paris, faw the letter, and Lord Mar's anfwer. Lady Mar has left Rome, and is in her way to her Lord. I lent him money, for her to make the jour ney. He is now full of refentment, and in moft violent agitations- They have offered to let him efcape ; and it is feared he wijl take the 600 STATE PAPERS. ¦ GEORGE i. t^g refolution. I have advifed him againft it ; but, I own to you, 1719. _ , . , . , . . ' I can hardly imagine, that a man of his temper,, and in his Circum ftances, will refufe his liberty, when he fees, he has; nothing but ill ufage and negled to exped, from us. a. Paris, ce 1 1 Dec. 1 7 19, TL y q'uelques jours qu'on m'ayertk,, de tres bonne part* que Monfieur Law avoit dit a Monfieur le; Due d'Orleans, que e'etoit moi qui avois ete caufe. de l'aittaque' qu'on avak .fake en dernier lieu fur la Banque. Sur cet avis je pris. la. refplutioa de m'e- claircir fur ce fait avec Monfieur le Due d'Orleans, ; & ye, tournois -la converfation de maniere que S. A. R^ me dit qu'on 1 'avoit dk que j'etois caufe de l'attaque fur la Banque. Je lui dis ; Mon- feigneur, je fcais que Mr. Law vous a tenu tel difcours, et je fuis bien aife d'avoir I'occafion de prouver a V. A. R, qu'il eft abfolument faux, dans toutes fes circonftances. II eft tres vrai que les Sujets-du Roi mon maitre ont un tres grand poids d'argent dans ce pais ici, qu'il m'auroit ete fort aife de faire porter contre la Banque. Mais, s'il eft vrais, qjue ni moi, ni. aucun Sujet du Roi ait porte des billets pour etre changez a la Banque ; fi nous n'avons pas porte les aclions fur la Place, pour les faire baiffer ; s'il eft vrai que je n'ai eu nullq communication avec ceux qui ont couru fur la Banque, V. A. R. doit etre convaincue que le difcours de Monfieur Law eft non feule ment faux, mais que ceft la calomnie du monde la plus atroce, et la plus indigne ; laquelle ne tend pas feulement a tromper V. A. R. fur mon chapitre, qui fuis fon ferviteur affide de tout temps, par re- connoiflance et par affedion ; mais qui tend a brouiller V. A. R. avec le Roi mon maitre, qui eft votre meilleur ami, et votre meilleur allie'; car je fcais que Monfieur Law a dit, au meme temps, que ce que je faifois a cet egard, je le faifois par ordre de ma cour. Or, STATE PAPERS. 601 Or, Monfeigneur, fi Monfieur Law ne peut pas prouver a V. A. R. george i. qu'il y a un de ces trois faits vrai, comme j'avance hardiment a. V. A. R. qu'ils font faux touts trois, il doit paffer dans l'efprk de -V. A. R. pour un Calomniateur qui a deffein de la tromper dans des chofes de la derhiere confequence. Mais, ce n'eft pas d'aujourdhui que je fcais les bonnes intentions de Monfieur Law pour fa patrie, & les deffeins qu'il a de mettre le Roi mal avec V- A. R.— — II n'y a que huit jours que Monfieur Law nous a menace publiquement, en prefence de plufieurs Sujets du Roi mon maitre, d'ecrire-unlivre pour convaincre toute la terre que la Grande Bretagne etoit dans l'impof- fibilite de payer fes dettes. Tels font les difcours ordinaires & pub- liques de Monfieur Law. V. A. R. peut juger quelle effet cela peut produire, quand un homme qui pretend etre votre premier miniftre tient des tels difcours. II y a long temps que je le fcai, mais je n'en ai rien dit a V. A. R. parceque j'etois perfuade qu'elle ne penfoit pas de meme ; & parceque je regardois ces difcours comme les effets de la fotte vanite & de l'yvreffe de Monfieur Law, dont, depuis quelque temps, je lui, voyois la tete tournee. Enfuite je contai a Monfieur le Due d'Orleans beaucoup d'autres difcours de cette meme nature. Monfieur le Due d'Orleans a ecoute' tout ce difcours avec des convulfions dans fon vifage. A la fin, il me dit ; My Lord, voila veritablement les difcours d'un fou. Je lui dis, Monfeigneur, je ne dis rien a V. A. R. que je ne diffe en prefence de Monfieur Law, et que je ne prouve ; apres cela V. A. R. peut juger s'il auroit ete' etonnant fi j'avois veritablement agi de la maniere que Monfieur Law a fait accroire a V. A. R. que j'avois agi ; mais je me fuis gou- verne par les egards que j'ai toujours eu pour les interets de V. A. R. Monfieur le Due d'Orleans me dk a la fin, qu'il etoit tres aife de ce que je venois de lui dire; qu'il m'avoit toujours regarde comme fon ami, et qu'il avoit eu de la peine a croire que j'euffe voulu mike a fes operations. Vol. II. 4 H Voila 602 S*T AT E P A P E R S, george r. Voila a-peu- pres ce que s'eft paffe entre Monfieur le Due d'Orleans- & moi, fur le ehapkre de Monfieur Law. Vous y ferez les reflexions. neceffaires. Cela n'a pas befoin de commentaire. a. Paris, ce 7th Janvier, 1720,' T -E REGENT srappercok fi bien des dangers ou Law le precis " pite, qu'il m'a dit depuis quelque6 jours, a-plufieurs reprifes, les- chofes du monde les plus fortes contre la, vanite, la prefomption, et l'infolence de cet homme. II m'a dit, qu'il le connoiffbk pour un. homme a qui la vanite et rambkion demefuree avoit tournee la tete j que rien ne pouvoit le fatisfaire que d'etre le maitre abfolu ; qu'il avoit une telle prefomption de fes propres talens, et un tel mepris- pour, touts les autres hommes, qu'il etoit impradicaWe avec tout au tre homme ; qu'il avoit effaye de le faire travailler avec tout ce qu'il y a d'habilles gens en France, et qu'il n'avoit pu s'accommoder deux jours de fuite, avec qui que ce fok, etant impatient de toute. efpece de contrariete ou contradidion. 11 m'a dit, qull lui avoit la- vee la tete de fes difcours infolens qui alarmoient tout le monde, de maniere qu'il avoit lieu de croire que Law- fe feroit contenu ; maia^ qu'il voyoit bien que nul frein ne le pouvok retenir. Mais, dk le Regent, croyez moi j'y mettrai ft bien ordre qu'il ne fera pas capable de me brouiller avec le Roi, ni de me devifer de mes alliez. II faut que je m'en ferve dans mes Finances ; mais il ne fera ecoute' dans les affaires polkiques ; et je ferai en garde contre les mauvais deffeins qu'il peut avoir. Je veus bien croire que le Regent dit ce qu'il penfe, & qu'il le pen- fok veritablement dans le moment qull m'a parle' ; mats, avec tout cela, un grand Treforier tel que Law eft premier miniftre par tout ou il fe trouve en place ; et fi le fyfteme de Law s'etablk, nous fom- mes egalement perdus, un an plus tot, un an plus tard. Et de plus, croyez STATEPAPERS. 6oj croyez mois, nous devons connoltre cette nation ici ; nous ne pou- george i. 1720. vons jamais, avec raifon, compter fur leur amkie, que tant que Vous feres en etat de leur etre un ennemi dangereux, et de leur faire envifager des grands maux que nous pourrions leur faire fi elle rompoitavec vous. Suf ce pied la, leur amkie fera affeuree; mais nous nous mecompterons toutes les fois que nous nous fions fur eux en cas de befoin. Vous aurez receu un courier de Monfieur l'Abbe du Bois,' par lequel il vous aura dit, que je lui ai dit, jeudi dernier, que je deirian- derois a etre rappelle. Ce n'eft pas par picque ; mais je prevois, par le train que les affaires prennent, je ne feral plus en etat de pou Voir rendre aucun fervice au Roi dans cette cour. a Paris, ce 20th Janvier, 1720. "pUISQUE My Lord Stanhope a juge a. propos de declarer mon rap- pel- au miniftres de cette cour, qui ont eu foin de le publier par toute la ville, j'efpere que le Roi enverra, au plutot, quelqu'un de confiance a Paris ; ou, fi je ne me trompe fort, fa Majefte aura bien- tot befoin d'un minifire eclaire.— > — Par rapport a ce que m'eft arrive, je ne dirai mot. J'ai tou jours etepret, quandil s'agit du fervice public, de me compter pour rien. Je fouhake tres fort, que l'on puiffe fe trouver bien des foumiffions qu'on a juge a propos de faire a Monfieur Law. Je vous avoue, qu'elles m'ont parlies un peu fortes; & je prevois que difficilement en tirerons nous ou honneur, ou utilitc. Du refte, je n'ai nul regret d'etre tire' d'un pofte, lequel j'ai preveu, depuis quelque temps, alloit devenir trop difficile et trop delicat pour moi. La maniere n'a pas ete' trop gratieufe : mais cela ne change rien a mon devouement immuable au fervice du Roy, & de ma patrie. 4 H -2 604 STATE PAPERS.: GEORGE I. 'Vi 17.20. My dear CraggS> Paris, February, the 14th, 1720^ ^¦¦¦M y I ¦¦¦/ T HAVE received your letter of the 25th January, byLaCroix^- I have read it over and -over again, in that fpirk and temper withx which one ought to receive advice and reproof from a friend. • I am very fenfible I have faults, and I endeavour to corred myfelf of thofe you reproach me with. As I grow older I ffiall have lefs vanity; and it is not impoffible- I may become lefs a dupe, by having more experience ; but you lay. other faults to my charge, of which certainly I am not guilty, I never was a man humourfome in bufinefs; I never have^made any- difbrder by my private broils, and animofities ; I have ever been an. open and profeffed enemy to all cabals; — I never was in one, in all my life-time. I believe, I may be allowed to fay without vanity, I have been as fteady in the way I thought right, as moft people. I have been as unffiaken in my principles, and as firm to my friends, when fortune frowned upon them ; yet I have always lived in charity, in decency and good manners with thofe who were ofthe oppofite fide. I cannot tell from what adions of mine, you have colleded that I am a man capable to facrifice the public good, and the King's fer vice, to my own humour and refentment. I heartily wiffi, that every body that has the honour to ferve the King, were as much.- above that little way of thinking as I am. Though I am very far from thinking I have been well ufed, yet, when the good of my country is concerned, and the King's fervice, - you fhall always fee me full as ready to fupport the King's minifters, and to concur with them in right meafures, as thofe who have the good fortune to be moft in favour. As to Lord Stanhope, I have ever had a very great value and' efteem for him ; and I have, upon all occafions, endeavoured to give him the fincereft proofs of my friendfhip, and faithful attachment to him ; and I dare fay it, with great truth, that I have not given him STATE. PAPERS. - 605 _ him the leaft reafon to complain of me perfonally. I am forry if I george r~ have not been able to defer ve his efteem, but I am fure L have de ferved his friendffiip, at leaft his good will. What has happened lately, I own to you, has piqued me very much, efpecially the man ner of doing it ; but I .reckon, that has proceeded from his views as> a minifter, in which I frankly declare unto you, I think he has been very much miftaken. I ffiall readily agree with you, that if his Lordfhip has gained Mr. Law, and made him lay afide his ill will, and. ill defigns againft his country, he did very right to make all fort of advances to him ; to give his fon * a regiment ; to engage to bring, Lord Banbury into the Houfe of Lords ; to facrifice the King's Am baffador to him. If I had thought Mr: Law to be gained, I ffiould. very readily have advifed. to do all thefe very things, and a great deal more. But, if his Lordffiip has not gained Mr. Law, lam. afraid we ffiall not find our acconnt in Lord Stanhope's fupporting him, when he was ready to fall ; in making him firft minifter ; and in deftroying the perfonal credit I had with the Regent, and re calling me from this court, where my long ftay ffiould have enabled me to be better able to judge of their defign, and of their ways of working, than a ftranger of greater capacity could probably be. A little time will ffiew who has judged righteft. I do moft heartilly wiffi, for the good of my country, that I may be found to have framed a wrong judgment ; but I own to you, I have (een nothing yet to make me change my opinion, but on the contrary new things every day to confirm me, that Mr^ Law's defigns, and the views of this court, are juft what I reprefented them to be. You do me great wrong if you fay, that I advifed to break with the Regent, if he did. not agree to part with Mr. Law. You will find no fuch thing in . any of my letters. You will find there, that I thought it was ufe ful to endeavour to ffiake Mr. Law's credit with his mafter;. to make bis mafter jealous of Mr. Law's ambition, and apprehenfive of the * Lord Wallingford-, who married Law's daughter. , 6 dangers Co6 STATE- PAPERS. ¦GSORGEI. dangers his • p-refumption might lead him into; and that I thought.it v_JZ^L^ was fit to ftand in his way, as much as it was poffible, to hinder him to gain an abfolute power over the Regent's mind, and to obftrud , his becoming firft minifter. I thought it was fit, to make Mr. Law lofe temper, and to make him ad in paffion and rage.. I had not " fucceeded in all thefe views when Lord Stanhope arrived, and thought fit to de'molifh me and all my works at once. You will find befide in my letters, that I advifed with more warmth than poffibly became a man of fo little weight as I am, to think of fpeedy ways to put the payment of the public debts into a method, as the only fure way to avert the dangers which I took to be imminent, and the only way to procure a good underftanding be tween our court and that of France. Thefe things you will find in. my letters. But you do me greater wrong, when you fay, that the reprefentati ons I made of the dangers we were in, proceeded only from my refent- ment againft particular perfons. Thefe are cruel infinuations to be made to one's mafter, and to their country. I am very forry to fee, by letters from people at London to their friends, that fuch methods are ufed againft me. I muft fay, I have, in all refpeds, deferved fairer ufage ; and, if this continues, I fhall be obliged to fpeak in my own juftification. I am not afraid that my adions. ffiould be fet in a true light, though it is very hard that what minifters write in private letters ffiould be propaied, and that the court, from whence. they write, fhould be acquainted with the intelligence they give; At this rate, you will find it hard to get Ambaffadors to ferve upon fuch conditions ; and, indeed, after the ufage I meet with, I do not wonder to fee that our minifters have fo few friends, when they fhew fo little regard or management to the people who are attached to their intereft. As to Mr. Law, I have no ill will to him, but as I take him to be a dangerous enemy to my country. I am afraid, time will* STATE PAPERS. 607 wflT, but too plainly, fhew that I have judged right in that GEORGE 1.- 1720. matter. < ,—¦ •> As to my revocation ; if it was poffible I ffiould have a mind to ftay in this country, you have made.it impradicable. You have ' ' taken all effedual ways could be thought of to deftroy the perfonal credit I had with the Regent. You have made it plain to him, that I have no credit with the King ; that is to fay, with his minifters. Lord Stanhope has declared to Mr. Law, that I ffiall be recalled ; fo that is no longer a queftion. You are under the neceffity of fend*- ing another minifter to this court. As to the martner of my revocation, I do not care to make the gri mace of defiring it for falfe reafons. I declare to you^ at my return, I exped nothing, and I fear nothing. As to my behaviour when I come home ; I refer you to what I have faid in the beginning of this letter. I ffiall ever be a faithful fervant to the King, and ad as a man in whom the love of his coun try is fuperior to all other confiderations ; fo that our minifters may be as well affured, if I happen to be at London, of my little affift- > , ance, providing they do what is right, as if they had ufed me very well. I have no manner of itch after power, nor any manner of ambition to make a great figure. Por you, my dear Craggs, I hope I ffiall never do any thing to make me unworthy of your efteem ; and you fhall fee, that I fliall: ever fet the greater value upon your friendffiip. a Paris, ce 22 Fevrier, 1720. "JV/TONSIEUR l'Abbe du Bois me parlant de Paffaire de Gibralter* m'a dk que my Lord Stanhope, etant a Paris, en dernier lieu> avoit parle a lui & a Monfieur le Due d'Orleans de maniere qu'ils* avoient cru que le Roi ne feroit pas difficulte de rendre Gibralter ;. 2 &qye- 608 STATE PAPERS. GEORGE i. & que furce]a, Monfieur le Due d'Orleans avoit encore, de nouveau, 1720. ^ ' - ¦ ¦ affure le Roi d'Efpagne que Gibralter feroit rendue; et que Phon- neur de Monfieur le Due d'Orleans -etoit teHement engage dans cette affaire la, tant par rapport au Roi Catholique, que par rapport a la France, qu'il prevoioit des tres mauvaifes fuittes, fi l'on s'opiniatroit en Angleterre de ne point rendre Gibralter : que Law etoit fou, et furieux, et ne demandoit pas mieux que la guerre, quoi qu'il etoit claire que fon fyfteme du Papier tomberoit entierement; mais que lui (Law) difoit, au contrake, que ce feroit dans la guerre qu on verroit la bonte de fon fyfteme. Monfieur l'Abbe du Bois me dit, que le blame de toute cette affaire tomboit fur lui; & que Monfieur le Due d'Orleans lui avoit dk, qu'il n'aurok jamais pardonne a un autre la fautte qu'il avoit fait, eh nous communiquant l'acceptation du Roy d'Efpagne: que fans cette beviie, la reddition de Gibralter etoit fure. H Monfieur, a Paris, ce 28 Frevrier, 1720. IER Monfieur l'Abbe du Bois m'a dit, que Law et *le Blanc etoient liguez pour l'exclure de maniment, et meme de la connoiffance des affaires, et qu'on ne luy donnoit l'Archevefche de Cambray, que pour luy donner un fucceffeur'lcomme Secretaire d'Etat. II me dk, qu'il ne s'en mettolt pas autrement en peine, que parcequ'il voyok, que ces Meffrs; alloient embarquer Monfieur le Due d'Orleans dans des mefures, qui le perdroient et I'Etat au meme temps ; mais que luy, l'Abbe, etoit oblige de fe contenir et de tout avaler, jufqu'a ce qu'il fut en poffeffion=de l'Archevefche, et qu'-alors' il diroit librement fon fentiment a Monfieur le Due d'Orleans. II m'a dit, que Law et le Blanc ne refpiroient que la Guerre, quoi qu'il etoit evident a tout homme fenfe', que des le momeut qu'il y eut une Guerre, le fyfteme de Monfieur Law etoit perdu ; et que Monfieur * Secretaire de la Guerre. le STATE PAPERS. 609 le Due d'Orleans fe trouverok fans amis, et fans appuy dans un george f. Royaume pret a fe revolter, contre la tyrannie, et les vexations wl'?',-v de Law. L'Abbe a dit prefque les memes chofes a Monfieur de Penterreid- ter*, avec plufieu res circonftances, qu'il. eft inutile derepeter. Law parle d'une infolence fur le ehapkre d'Angleterre, qui revoke meme les Francois ; et dit, qu'il ne faut pas, que Meffrs. les Ahglois barquignent fur Gibralter, on leur fait trop de grace de leur laiffer le Port Mahon. II y a deux jour, qu'il pria a diner notre ami York f. II luy park d'une maniere fi meprifante & fi ihfolente de 1'Angleterre, que York dit, qu'il ne remettra jamais lepied chez luy. II croioit apparement, que York, parceque qu'il n'avoit pas obtenu fa grace, feroit bien aife d'entrer dahs fes veues. Un homme de mes amis a dit avanthier a Law ; — " Monfieur, " qu'eft ce que le bruit qui eft repandu par tout Paris, que nous ** allons avoir la Guerre ? Je fuis perfuade, que vous n'y avez nulle ieu fcait, que je ne fuivois que les mouvemensdu zele et d'at- tachment a mon Roy et a ma patrie. Je vous ai parle vray, en homme eclaire, pendant que vous m'avez traite en vifionaire,- quoi que je puiffe dire, fans vanite, que vous aviez raifon de vous -fier a moy, et de vous defier de ceux a qui vous ajoutiez foy. Je ne parle pas de my Lord Stanhope. Je le reconnois pour tres honnete homme, bon citoyen, et bon ferviteur du Roy. Je le refpede, et je I'honore ; quoi que j'ay raifon de me plaindre de luy, je n'ay nul refentiment contre luy. II croioit fervir I'Etat, en me donnaht des mortifications. II s'eft trompe, et tout homme fe peut tromper. Je vous en repond, fi vous m'aviez laiffe faire, Law feroit perdu, a l'heure qu'il eft ; et l'Union entre le Roy et Monfieur le Due d'Orleans feroit plus etroite que jamais., A l'heure qu'il eft, il faut fonger, au plus tot, d'envoyer un autre miniftre a cette cour. Pour l'amour de Dieu, envoyez y un honete homme, avant toutes chofes ; & un habile homme, fi vous le pouvez trouver. My dear Craggs, Paris, March the 12th, 1720. T THANK you for your private letter by Lyon my fervant, which I received yefterday morning. Before I begin to anfwer, it, give me leave to premife one thing to you, which is true, upon my word and honour, and that is, that I have no defire to be in the right out of vanity ; but I do moft paffionately defire that you may not continue to be in the wrong. I mean the minifters ; becaufe you cannot do fo without infinite prejudice to the King's fervice, and to yourfelves. Now I will allow the reafoning of your letter to be good, taking it for granted that the fads upon which your reafoning is grounded are true ; that is to fay, that I will agree with you, that the King was in the right not to put things upon that iffue with the Regent, - - - that STATE PAPERS. 6n that he would have peace and friendfhip with him if he would facri- GEORGE I. fee Law, but war with him if he would not. v— — -v ' Now, I muft beg pardon to fay two things, firft that I never did put things upon that iffue ; and, in the next place, that there was no need of putting things upon that iffue. You will find, in my letters, that I reprefented to the Duke of Orleans that Law, by his vanity and prefumption, was leading him into great dangers and inconveniencies both at home and abroad ; that Law, by going too faft, and by taking arbitrary meafures, was in a way to ruin his Royal Highnefs's credit with the nation, and to overturn the whole fyftem of the finances ; and that, at the fame time, Law was, by difcourfe and his condud, doing every thing that lay in his power to deftroy the good underftanding between the King and the Regent, and between the Regent and the reft of his allies ; and I bade the Regent beware how he trufted the reins of his chariot to that Phaeton Law, becaufe he would overturn it. The anfwer the Regent made me to thefe reprefentations was, that he knew that vanity and ambition had turned his head ; but that he, the Regent, would take care to keep a hand over him, and to contain him within bounds in the management of the finances ; that he ffiould have nothing to fay in public affairs ; that, if he pretended to meddle, the Regent would not liften to him ; and that I might be well affured that it ffiould not be in his power to create an ill underftanding between him and the King. I believe nobody can fairly fay, that there is any thing in my reprefentations which imported that the King would quarrel with the Regent if he did not lay Law afide. Nor can they fay, that there is any thing in the Regent's anfwer which imports that he took what I faid in that fenfe. On this foot things ftood. I fpoke very freely to the Regent what I had to fay on the fubjed of Mr. Law ; and his Royal Highnefs received what I faid in a very friend ly manner. 4 I 2 When 613 STATE PAPERS. george L When Lord Stanhope arrived, he thought fit to acknowledge Mr. l7zo' r • Law as Firft Minifter, and to confider him as a much greater manJhsn ever Cardinal Richelieu or Cardinal Mazar'm had been\ to tell the Regent that the King was very well fattened with. Mr. Law,, and did not, in any manner, complain of him ; that what I. had faid was en tirely out of my own head, and without, and even contrary to orders ; and that, for fo, doing, I fhould be recalled.. Since that, time,. Mr. Law has aded as Firft Minifter, and I have had no intercourfe with the Regent but in formal audiences;, to deliver fuch meffages as I received from Court, and to receive ffiort and formal anfwers. In what manner Mr. Law, has aded as Firft Minifter, I may fave you the trouble of telling you. Y^ou have feen k and felt it. For me ; there was, nothing left for me to do, but to defire to be recalled, unlefs I could have prevailed, with myfelf to have aded the part of a fool, or of a knave, or of both. What I have faid above, I believe, is fufficient to prove, that things were not brought to that extremity that there was a neceffity to declare war againft France, or to make humble, fubmiffions to Mr. Law. What has happened of late may convince you, I am fure it will the world, that I knew Mr. Law and this Court better than otheE people do. Neither vanity- nor refentment prompts me to fay this* As to the charge you bring againft: me, that I have exclaimed againft the Minifters perfonally, and againft their meafures ; it does not lie againft me. I have behaved myfelf with great modefty and moderation oh this fide. I have never fpoken of Lord Stanhope but with refped and efteem. I have writ upon that fubjed to yourfelf with great freedom, and to no other man living, my uncle Sir David excepted, to whom I endeavoured to clear myfelf of the heavy charge you brought againft me. I fliall not compare my behaviour with that of other people's. I know how I have been reprefented to my Mafter and to my country. I propofe no other revenge to myfelf than STATEPAPERS. 613 than to ffiew by my condud, that they have been unjuft to me, and George i. that I deferved fairer ufage. If the charge you mention is laid againft our miniftry, viz. " That «* Law is for fetting up the Pretender, and they are fetting up Mr. ** Law ; that the Regent will play us falfe ; and that I have been ill •* treated for penetrating thefe defigns ;. that we are in the hands of «* France and dare not own it ; that he underftands himfelf with **¦ Spain, and that we ffiall be the dupes of this alliance, and of this ** war :" If this charge is laid againft the Minifters, it ffiall not be laid againft them by my words. I ffiall content myfelf to ffiew by my condud, that no part of that charge lies againft me. Believe me, my dear Craggs, I have no defign to enter into any cabals, nor to make any broils in the ftate. If I endeavour to- ihew you are wrong, it is with, a defign that you may get Into the. right way again as foon as poffible, that you may not continue to deceive yourfelves. Afk, and take the affiftance of people who love the King and his government. You ffiall always be fure of my lit tle help to fupport this Miniftry. I am not for changes ; nor can I be influenced by private refentment, which, I declare to you upon; my honour, I am ready to forget, as if I never had any reafon to complain. My dear Craggs, take my word for it, Mr. Law's plan is formed to deftroy the King and his government, and our nation ; and he will certainly bring his Mafter into it ; nor is there any other way to divert him from that defign, but by ffiewing his Mafter that it is dangerous for him to attack us. There is nothing but an ap pearance of ftrength and firmnefs on our fide, or the mifcarriage of Law's fyftem on this fide, can fave us from a war with France ; and no perfonal credit that any body may flatter themfelves they have with the Duke of Orleans, will fignify any thing to divert it. Your letter about Gibralter is very well writ, and it was very right to write if but I will give you my word for it, it will have no manner of weight here if Law's fyftem takes place. If they can bully the Mi niftry, 614 S T A T E P A P E R S. George i. niftry, or buy a party in England, we muft part with Gibralter ; and when we have parted with it, we ffiall be every way as little fe cure of peace as we are at prefent ; and upon many accounts, lefs able to fupport a war. Now, when I have told you all thefe difmal things, I muft tell you fomething to comfort you : The rage of the people is fo violent, and fo univerfal againft Law, that I think It is above twenty to one, that, in the courfe of one month, he will be pulled to pieces ; or that his mafter will deliver him up to the rage of the people. You may depend upon it, that he is mightily ffiaken in his Mafter's good opinion, who, within thefe few days laft paft, has ufed him moft cruelly to his face, and called him all the names than can be thought of, " Knave and madman," &c. He told him, he did not know what hindered him to fend him to the Baftile ; and that there never was any one fent thither deferved it half fo well. This feene hap pened in prefence of Le Blanc. The Duke of Orleans was upon the clofe ftool when Law came in. The Duke was in fuch a paffion, that he run to Law with his breeches about his heels, and made him the compliment above mentioned. To make matters better, Law's head is fo heated, that he does not fleep at nights ; and he has formal fits of phrenzy. He gets out of bed almoft every night, and runs, ftark flaring mad, about the room making a terrible noife, fometimes finging and dancing, at other times fwearing, flaring and ftamping, quite out of himfelf. Some nights ago, his wife, who had come into the room upon the noife he made, was forced to ring the bell for people to come to her affiftance. The officer of Law's guard was the firft that came, who found Law in his fhirr, who had fet two chairs in the middle of the room and was dancing round them, quite out of his wits. This fcene the officer of the guard told Le Blanc, from whom it came to me by a very fure conveyance. Le Blanc is in defpair about the ftate of Law's health ; and the diferedit in which ke ftands with the Regent. At the fame time, there is a moft STATEPAPERS. 615 a moft formidable party formed againft him, and almoft every one GE0RGE 1. who held their tongues out of fear, now take courage to fpeak to the. ' *-—* Regent upon his chapter ;,fo that they believe the Regent is only withheld by fhame from facrificing him to the refentment of the nation. Law, on the other hand, fays, that if they will give him but a little time, he will fet every thing to rights; that he will raife the credit of the flocks; turn the courfe of the exchange; fink the flocks in England ; and put every thing in that country into fuch diforder, that it ffiall plainly appear, that he can do every thing in that country he pleafes. In order to that, he has pre- . vailed with Croiffet Andre, and feveral other people, who had very great fums in our flocks, to withdraw their money, and to remit the greateft part of it back into France ; with the reft, he propofes to turn the courfe of the exchange, and to carry on his other defigns. He propofes further, in order to alter the courfe of the exchange, to lower the value of the fpecies in France, till the crown is brought down by degrees to three livres ; and this arret is to come out in a few days. I have tired you with a good deal of fluff; it may be of ufe for you to know it. You will take it, I hope, as I mean it, honeftly and kjndly to you. Paris, March 27th, 1720. AN Tuefday Lord Stanhope arrived in the afternoon. I gave his Lordffiip all the lights I was mafter of, as to the fituation of affairs at this Court. He faw the Regent to-day, and fpoke to his Royal Highnefs, with that plainnefs and firmnefs that became the King's Minifter. His Majefty has very good reafon to be pleafed with Lord Stanhope's condud, and the good fuccefs of it. Lord Stanhope gives a circumftantial account by this courier, of what paffed in his audience. The 616 STATE PAPERS. GEORGE I. The foot things are put upon will give great credit to the King's affairs both abroad and at home ; and our having a Minifter at Ma drid will fecure us againft indired pradices at that Court, which it is plain our enemies have been carrying on there, and which have eertainly given occafion to the odd appearances we have feen of late, in the peremptory demand of Gibralter. But the Court of Spain has aded with more wifdom and prudence than was expeded from them ; and we have happened to get affiftance from a quarter whence we had little reafon to exped any. This riddle I ffiall explain to you one day or other when we meet. I am very glad the King has pitched -upon fo good a man as Sit Robert Sutton for this ftation. I fhall certainly give him all the lights and helps I poffibly can ; but I believe this Court will be very defirous to have my ftay here as ffiort as it is poffible. I ffiall be very well pleafed to be in friendffiip with Lord Stanhope, no body hats a greater value and efteem for him than I have. Befides, I have no notion of being hindered by any private refentment from doing my country all the fervice I am able. There is one thing will deferve your notice ; and that is, Mr. Law defigns to employ the gold, of which there is at prefent a very great quantity in the bank at Paris, to buy up as much filver as he poffibly can. You have no way to parry that, but. to bring your guineas to twenty ffiillings. In that cafe, if Mr. Law will buy our filver, he will buy it very dear. Another thing you may do, is to fend gold to buy filver at Hamburgh, Lubeck, and in all the lower And higher Saxony, where filver is more plenty than gold. l« STATE PAPERS. 617 Paris, April 36th, 1723. GEORGE I. "T THANK you for your private letter of the 14th by La Croix. , It is with great fatisfadion I hear Lord Stanhope ads a friendly part towards me. You may be fure there does not remain in my mind the leaft rancour of any kind towards his Lordffiip. I am glad you do not apprehend that Mr. Law is in a condition to do us any great hurt, by what he gets by the rife of our S. S. ftock. Though I know that Law will brag, yet I own to you, I did ap prehend that he had gained confiderably, and that he might be able to do us a good deal of mifchief, by withdrawing a very great fum himfelf, and by tempting other foreigners to follow his example. I fuppofe you know that the great fums Mr. Law pretends to have in our flocks were bought in Holland. . It feems to me to ' be a very dangerous thing in fuch a country as ours, where things are fo very uncertain and fluduating, to have foreigners matters of fuch vaft fums of money, as they muft needs have at prefent, by the rife of our flocks. That is a terrible handle to hurt us by, in the hands of fuch a man as Law. I wiffi our monied men may be attentive enough to the fecurity of the nation in this point; and that they may not let themfelves be. blinded by the flattering appearances of prefent gain. I am very glad to fee you think fo fanguinely as to the payment of our national debts. It will be very important to give the world fuch to impreffions at this critical time, when there is fo much pains taken to give quite contrary impreffions of our fituation. By feveral letters I have feen from very underftanding men in Holland, I fhould be afraid that fuch impreffions might prevail there and at Geneva ; which would be very hurtful to us; for both the Dutch and the Genevefe have very great fums in our flocks. - I am afraid we have not money enough, either in coin or in paper, to move fo vaft a mafs as our South Sea Company now comes to bei The national bank would have been a very great help. I muft own Vol. II. 4 K .1 appre- 6j8 STATE PAPERS* George L I apprehend, that, if that matter is not fettled at this time, you v ¦, -^ will meet with great oppofition at any other time bty the South Sea Company, which, from thi6 time forward, we are to look upon as a very powerful body. I am afraid our people in England think top neglectfully of Mr. Law's fchemes. I own to you, that, as this kingdom is difpofed, there is a great odds to be laid, that it will mifcarry; but it is not impoffible, far from it, that it may hold long enough to do us a good deal of mifehief. Another thing I dare be bold to fay,, it can not fucceed without undoing us ; and if Mr. Law can compafs, our ruin, I thuik he is in a fair way to carry through his projed in France. I know Mr. Law himfelf thinks fo too, arid, that being the cafe, we may be very fure he will do us all the mifehief in his power. You cannot think that power is fmall, confidering the abfolute au thority he has acquired over the Regent. That being fo, I am fure you will agree with me that we cannot be too attentive to difcover, prevent, and defeat the defigns he may form againft us. His de- figns are no trifling ones ; they ftrike at the root. As to the beha viour of this Court towards ours, it will depend entirely upon what happens in Sicily, and upon the King of Spain's difpofition towards the Regent, which is naturally bad, and which, I have reafon to think, will not be made better by the advice he receives from France. As to our friend the new Archbifhop *, he will do Law all the hurt 'he can; becaufe he is firmly perfuaded that Law is determined to turn him out. The truth of the matter is, that Law does both hate and defpife him "exceedingly ; and it is no lefs true, that the Abbe has but very little credit at prefent with his mafter; though his maf ter affeds to fay the contrary. The Abbe, with all the defire he has to flatter himfelf, fees through the difguife. As to the difpofitions of other Courts towards this Court, if one may judge of the Matters by the Minifters, it is in nature impoffible * Of Cambray. 2 that S T A T E P A P E R S. 619- that it ffiould be worfe than it is. I may fay, without any one ex- GEORGE j. ception, there is not one Minifter that believes one fingle word that y-^T'' < is faid to him. You may eafily imagine how difagreeable my fitu ation muft be in this country, and of how little, ufe I can be to the " public. For the love of God, fend Sir Robert Sutton over. I muft finiffi my letter with a complaint. You know I had the King's promife, of as old ftanding as fince you was fecretary at war, that I ffiould have an Enfigncy of the Guards, and a Cornetcy of Dragoons, for two of my nephews.; which promife has never been made good. There has juft now happened a vacancy of a Cornet in ray own regiment. I recommended one of iny nephews to fill it, and I am told it is already filled up. This feems hard in. my ownregii- ment, and the more fo, that I have not had the credit to make one officer fince the King's acceffion to the Crown, not in my own regi ment. My dear Ciraggs, - Paris, June 2d, 1720. T H A V E too good an opinion of you, not to be perfuaded that you think you have fome very good reafons to ad towards me as you have done of late, fince Lord Stanhope's laft return from Paris. I have examined myfelf with great attention, and upon my word and honour I can find no reafon for your coldnefs in my own behaviour, neither asa friend, nor as a man engaged in the fervice of the fame* Mafter, and in the fame Intereft. When Lord Stanhope came laft into France, his Lordffiip and: I feemed to*be entirely of one mind ; he feemed to be perfedly well fatisfied with me ; he told me fo, in a very hand feme and obliging manner ; at parting I told him with great truth, that any reafon I had to complain of him was as much for gotten on my party as if no fuch occafion had ever happened. Since. that time;, I do not know that I have given either you or him any of fence -, I am fure I did not intend to. give either of you any. I have 4 K 2 but 620 STATE PAPERS. George i. but one face to my friends; and but one way of fpeaking to them, and of them. .-¦-> It lay upon my heart to tell you what I have faid. I ffiould be very forry to have reafon to complain of you; but in the manner we have lived together, I ffiould yet be forrier to give you juft ground to complain of me. Since I wrote what is above, a fervant of mine is arrived from England, who brings me the news that my uncle Sir David is turned out. I ffiould be very forry to have contributed any thing to his difgrace ; but whatever ufage he or I may meet with from the Mi nifters, I am fure nothing can change our zeal and affedion to the King's fervice. Paris, June 12th, 1720. T AM very much obliged to you for procuring the order for my plate ; and ffiall be fo much the more obliged to you for procuring the orders, and advancing the payment of what is due to me upon my appointments and extraordinaries, that, I believe, I ffiall be able to fave but little of what I imagined once I had in this country. I fee plainly I ffiall not be able to fee the King in England. It is a great while ago fince Mr. Law told his friends here, that I ffiould not be allowed to have the honour of feeing the King. It is pretty hard to digeft I own, if, after ferving the King very faithfully, very zealoufly, and with fome fuccefs, I ffiould have the mortification not fo much as to Jiave my Mafter's good countenance. However that happens to be, I am very glad his, Majefty's affairs go fo very well, and that there is fo good an underftanding amongft them that ferve him. I ffiall be able to tell you a good many curious particulars con cerning the ftate of affairs here, which are not fo very proper to be put into a letter. Mr. Law ftill brags that he will make our flocks tumble^. '"STATE PAPERS, 6.21 tumble, by withdrawing the French effeds. He feems more bent george j. 1 i/zo. than ever to do us mifehief, believing it the only way he has left to fave himfelf and his fyftem. , How far he may be able to draw his Mafter into his notions, God knows. His Mafter profeffes the beft intentions imaginable. In the mean time they go on with the new levies with all the application imaginable; and I am affured they are giving out commiffions for levying fome more German regiments in Alfaqe. All over France they talk of a war with Britain, and the Jacobites are in greater numbers at Paris, and more infolent. They talk of great changes at this Court, and that the Archbifhop of Cambray is to be fent to his diocefe. Law's friends give' out, that he has more credit than ever at the Palais royal. That may be ; but I dare fwear he has loft a great part of his Mafter's good opinion ; though, at the fame time, he is very unwilling to renounce the fine views Law had given him. I think we have nothing to fear from France at prefent but by furprize ; but, in my opinion, it will behove us to be very attentive againft fomething of that kind. It is plain, the Jacobites have their heads filled with fome fuch notion. As foon as Sir Robert * arrives, I ffiall certainly fet out and leave fome friends to take the beft care they can of my effeds f . * Sntton. mand of the troops in .Flanders, and Ambaf- + On account of thefe difputes with Mr. fador Ex:raordinary to the States-General. Law, and the differences in opinion with the He was General under the late King at the Minifters at home, Lord Stair feemed to come battle of Dettingen ; and died foon afterthe back in a fort cf difgrace, and was not em- rebellion^ commander in chief of the forces ployed, either in the civil or military line, in England. rill 1 742, when he was appointed to the corn- • 622 STATE PAPERS, GEORGE I. '723- No. X. Sequel to Lord Stair s Embafjy. From the Pa per-office, [Mr. Craufurd was of a very good family in the county of Renfrew, which his nephew now reprefents in Parliament. He was many yearsv Secretary to the Embaffy at Paris, where he died about the year 1725. The late General Craufurd was his younger brother. Several of this gentleman's difpatches- are preferved in the Paper- office ; and they contain many amufin-g anecdotes of the French court. He was very intimate with Mr. Law, and writes more advantageoufly of him, than his principal Lord Stair.] From Mr. Craufurd to ' the Honourable Mr. Secretary Walpole*. Sir, Paris, Auguft the nth, 1723. N. S. TAKE the opportunity of the bearer of this letter, Mr. Hay, Coufin German to the Marquis of Tweedale, who fets out poll at ten o'clock this morning, and will, in all probability, arrive be fore the letters by the mail, or even the meffenger, which Sir Luke Schaub cannot difpatch till night, to acquaint you with the death of the Cardinal f, firft minifter, which happened yefterday between five and fix in the evening ; and of his being fucceeded in the depart ment of the foreign affairs by M. de Morville ; who was fent im mediately to ta*ke poffeffion of the papers, relative to that depart ment, and will certainly be declared this day Secretary of State for the foreign affairs. . His Royal Highnefs the Duke of Orleans is to have a patent him felf, giving him the power and authority of firft minifter ; in order I * Sir Robert Walpole a&ed as Secretary of State, whilft the King was at Hanover. f Du Bois. to STATEPAPERS. 623 to hinder ^others from doing bufinefs with the King diredly, by vh> GEORGE 1. tue of their offices, without his permiffion ; which is putting things in the moft favourable fituation they can be in, after the Cardinal's death, towards continuing the good intelligence and friendffiip hap pily eftablifhed between Great Britain and France. Sir Luke Schaub will write to you particularly about that matter,' having authority to talk to his Royal Highnefs upon it, which I had not, havkag never been prefented to him nor to his Moft Chrif tian Majeffy, as the King's mmifter here, becaufe of this court's refuting to accept one, with the charader of refident in the manner they ufed formerly ; which, according to my inftrudions, I cannot depart from, and fo, by orders from Lord Carteret, have delayed hitherto presenting my credentials; having only given copies of them to the Cardinal. The inclofed duplicate of my letter to my Lord Carteret, of Mon day laft, will ffiew you the firft alarm we had of the Cardinal's ex treme illnefs. He was on Monday morning, at fix o'clock, carried from Meudon to Verfailles ; but had not refolved to undergo the operation, though the day before, the King and the Duke of Orleans had ordered the fargeons to attend him for that purpofe. He feemed rather inclined to wait death, in the fituation he was in, than fuffer the pain of being cut ; having, before he went away, confeffed himfelf: but the Duke of Orleans being requefted by Shirach the famous phyfi- cian, to interpofe his authority in a friendly manner in that matter, his Royal Highnefs went himfelf to Verfailles, on Monday at four o'clock in the afternoon, and had the thing done. The Cardinal fuffered a great deal in the operation, which lafted five minutes, and cried out fo much, that the furgeons looked upon it as a good mark, that things were yet entire, and every body feem- ' ed fatisfied ; even the court itfelf was firmly perfuaded, on Monday night, and yefterday morning, there was more than a probability of the ,624 STATE PAPERS. george L the Cardinal's entire recovery ; becaufe the furgeons report was, 1723. that they had got at the mouth of the ulcer, which was in the mouth ofthe bladder, and found that It was very acceffible, being only in the outward parts; but it feems they were1 miftaken, for the gan grene had got into thofe parts before they had put their hands to it, and manifefted itfelf yefterday about noon, by the Cardinal's lofing all his fenfes, and by other marks of approaching death, feveral hours before the ufual time of taking off the firft dreffing. His eminence had no great order in private affaks, nor even in the condud ofthe great detail of public bufinefs, that he took upon him ; fo that there is a good deal of confufion in his family, and among his clerks in their different offices; none of them, except thofe for the foreign affairs, have hitherto been put upon any efta- bliffiment, nor, as I am informed, have ever done any thing, but .prepared things, though they have had offices thefe twelve months paft. He could never bring himfelf to diftribute his time of doing bufi nefs, into appropriated hours and days, for the different affaks of . which he undertook the detail ; and fo, feldom had time to finifh any thing, but what was immediately preffing, and remained almoft in a continual hurry, by the great multiplicity of affairs that neceffarily crouded upon him, in fuch a country as this; while he let every body know, it was to him alone they muft addrefs themfelves, if they expeded to fucceed in any demand they had to make. M. de Morville is a man who has not been hitherto very much in bufinefs, but has been always regular in the execution of that which has been committed to him, and has a very good reputa tion in this country. By what I have been able to judge of him, fince I have had the honour to know him, 1 think there is good ground to believe, that he is heartily inclined to continue the meafures that have been taken, towards eftabliffiing the peace of Europe, and in a.particular man ner, STATE PAPERS. 6a£ ner, well difpofed to fupporrthe good underftanding, that is between George r. the King our mafter a«d the Duke of Orleans. • '-f1' * I have made my letter, I am afraid, too long, and fo beg leave only to- add, that I am with the greateft refped1. From Mr, Craufurd to Lord Carteret, Secretary of State'. My, Lctod,, . $ ru-^, ce & Xbrts, 1723. TE m' imagine, qu'il me ferai bien difficile de mander a1 Votre5 Excdlerccei. quelque chofe fiir le!g|randevenement qui' vientfdrar- river, qui merite fon attention, & qui ne fe; trouvera pas cfens le* depechss de M. le ChevaJier- Schaub et der M. Walpelei; eependaat comme j'ai vos ordres precis de voue eerire par les* couriers,- toutes les fois que j'ai quelque chofe a dire, je rifquerai a cette occafion dfe' mander a: votre Excellence quelques faies, comme ils m'ont ete cori- tez par des perfonnes queje erois digftes de foy. Premierment; pa* rapport aux circonftaaces; de la mor-tde Mon^ fergneur le Due d^Ofieans1, lefquelles* apparament ces Meffieurs- ont trouves trop frivoles pour leur depeehes, j'aurai Phonfleur de vous les reciter comme elles m'ont ete contes par la pauvre Madame de Fallary*, qui fe trouva malkeureufemenf avec lui ^pfonnes de^diftindionqui>ont.d^ab0Cd tombes dvaccord, jqli'il convenokrindubitablement'a^quiconque^^g- 'nerokle deffus, de; s^appuyer .par l'amitie ^du Roy notre- maitre. M. le Due, a ee qui- m'a'-ete1 reporter par. fes-amis- les;.plus intimes,«eft tres fort dans'ee fentiment, *& iLn'eft pas -a douter.jque.M.Je Char ges neTefok^de- muffle,* s'il -avoit I'au tori re,* ou,s»il visnt.de. L'awir,;, *et fes oncles memes y donneroient fans doute, car ils ne .fcauroiemt* ¦Hptiriais' efperer de ki< facdeffion Efpfgnole, un -avantage*'pareiLa.celuy ¦td'avoir leur neveu le'raakre, • lequel a-GOHabattu. pour'eux dans.tautes^ Jss occafions- meme contfe'fonNpere^ «Les; Pari s^auro at; g^aad-j part -dans lfadminiffrarion ~des ..finances, -;-, mais comme ils ont une affez- maUvaife reputation dans 4e. public,. fonchoix d-'eux 'pourraf donner-prifecontte lui,,.& l',ohl,igende les- - ' abandomier ;. ce>que pourtant,je ne fouhakeroisrpas, car tant. qu'il s font en place, ils tiendront elcyigne M. le Blanc, dont- certainement, ks ; principes. ne fontpas bons par rapport a, latran^quillke. de. L'Eu rope & particulierement par rapport a la notre. M. de Morville, a ce que j'ai ouy dire aux intlnaes de . M...le Due,- eft sbprefent fort bien avee'lui ; mais & une certaine froideur qui a ete depuis quelque tems entre Madame la Ducheffe & M. le Due fon fils fe raccomode, (comme il y a. de l'apparence) on m'a. averti, que nous devons etre en garde contre le rappel de M.. de%Torcy aux. affaires,; e'eft a quoy il convient aux miniftres du Roy "723- 630 STATE P APE.RS. george r. R0y d'avoir grande attention, et meme d'en parler fortement a M. le Due, en cas que le bruit s'en repahd. ,.„ Le rappel de M. le Marechal de Villeroy etoit arrete par M. le Due d'Orleans avant fa mort, et le courier devoit etre depeche a Lyon pour le faire venir, le lendemain de cet evenement ;.je crois meme que le courier a ete deja depeche par M. le Dqc hier ou avant hier, - J' apprehende que ma lettre ne foit deja trop longue, et peutetre trop bardie," mais je repons de la verite des faits qu'y font recitez,. et j'efpere que votre Excellence me pardonnera les raifonnemens qui fuivant mes lumieres me paroiffent affez naturels. . = . Depuis la mort de M. le Due d'Orleans, le mariage de M. le Comte de Touloufe avec Madame de Gpndrin a ete declare, ce qui eft un grand revers pour les enfans de M. du Maine, et fait grand me- contentement dans cette famille, & dans celle de Madame la Ducheffe d'Orleans. ® J'avois prefque oublie d'ajouter deux chofes confiderables, l'une que M. le Prefident de Novion a la charge de Premier Prefident du Parlement de Paris ; et l'autre, que M. le Due d'Orleans a laiffe dans le coffres du Roi T. C. au dela de foixante millions de la monnoye de ce pais ci. Cette grand fomme en caiffe fait faire des raifonnemens dans le public fur fe qui pouvoit etre le deffein de M. le Due d'Orleans en faiffant une fi forte provifion d'argent; fes amis difent que e'etoit pour fe mettre en etat d'executer un projet de finances qu'il avoit ; d'autres raifonnent differemmentj le fait de l'argent eft certainement vray, et tres commode pour M. le Due. J'ay l'honneur d'etre, avec grand refped, &c. STATE PAPERS, 6ji No. XI. GEORGE I. 1725. MifceUaneous Article. llZtT^ [Mr. Robinfon (afterwards Lord Grantham) was Secretary to Mr. Walpole, Ambaffador in France. The annals of this country will record the abilities of both, and the Editor with gratitude remembers the friendfhip and confidence with which they indulged him. Mr. Walpole had the greateft weight with Cardinal Fleury, till Monfieur Chauvelin gained the afcendant over him, and then the former defired to be recalled from his ftation. His difpatches (were they publifhed) would do credit to his unwearied zeal, in- duftry, and capacity. He was a great mafter of the commercial and political interefts of this country; he was defervedly raifed to the Peerage in 1756, and died foon after. It was the fafhion of the oppofition of that time, to fay, that he was the dupe of Cardinal Fleury ; — his correfpondence would ffiew that no man was ever lefs fo. He negociated with firmnefs and addrefs ; and, with the love of peace, which was the fyftem of his brother Sir Robert, he never loft fight of that great objed, keeping up the fources of national ftrength and wealth. One of the moft cordial leave-takings, .which any public minifter ever had, was that which he exchanged with the States General in I73-9* on prefenting his letters of recall.] Mr. Robinfon to Mr. Delafaye., Fontainbleau, September the 7th, 1725. N. S. AS this place is at prefent more the fcene of diverfion than bu finefs, his Excellency, who has not written this week to Hanover, will have nothing to trouble his Grace with by this poft. The 632 STATE PAPERS. GFORGET. Tne Queen arrived here on Wednefday morning about eight of the clock, and being retired into her apartments, remained there till one, reppfing, and preparing herfelf for the new fatigues of the day. The mufic and heraldsrafc-arms began the proceffion, from the King's apartment, through Francis the Firft's gallery, to the chapel. Thefe were followed by theRnights of the Holy Ghoft; not in the habits of the order, though- dreft, old as well as young; in the ut moft' magnificence: The Prince of Conti, and 'the Counts Charolols and- Clermont- immediately preceded" the" King ; the- Duke of Or leans and Mr. Le E%c being- employed' kr fupponting the- Queen. His- moft Chriftian' Majefty; dreff in a brocade d'Or, errrbroidered4 in every part with goldj with a- ffiort golden robe of the- order, clefed thisfirft part of tixejpeBtoefo: his-ftar, his-Holy GhofH and the button^ how received there, i. 78. Anne, Queen, often attended,, and took an ac tive .rpart in her cabinet councils, ii. 482. Hardfliips of the army, in the latter part of ; tier reign, 522. Argyle, Duke of, his letter to Lord Somers on the proceedings of the Scots Parliament, ii. 465. Army, State of the hardfliips of, at the latter „ end of .Queen Anne's reign, ii. 522. Afcbam, Roger, his conference 'with M. d' Ar ras, at Landau, i. 48. A/ii, reception of the ambaffadors from Mary Queen of England to the Pope, there, i. 77. B. Balingttn, Anthony, his confeffion, as pro duced in the trial of Mary Queen of Scots, 1. 227. Purport of Mary's letter to him, 230. Ballard, John, a Seminary Prieft, his fecret praclices againft Queen Elizabeth, i. 225, Beecher, Sir Willir.Ji, his letters to Lord Cpn- wayj relating to the operations of the Duke of Buckingham at the ifle of Rhe, ii. 46. 48- Berwick, pacification of, particulars of, ii> 130. Bolingbrpke, Lord, his letter to Mr, Prior, re lating to his negociation at Paris, Hv 504. His letter to the Duke of Shrewfbury con cerning the treaty at Utrecht, ,510. His behaviourin France, 536. Is difgraced wir& the Pretender, 552. Bologna, fome account of that city in the year 1555, with the reception of Queen Mary's- Ambaffadors to the Pope there, i. 87. Briftol, Earl of, Ambaffador in Spain, his ac count of-Prince Charles's treatment there, i. 473. His account of the negotiations, 476. Buckingham much difliked at the Spanifh court, 477. Enmity between the Count Olivares and the Duke, 479. Complains of his -power being obftructed by tprivate orders from the Prince, 482. Complains of being in debt "in Spain on the Prince's account, 489.. His anfwer to certain interrogatories relating to his conduct, for the King's ; private fatis- fadtion, 494. Juftifies 'his conduct refpefl- ing the marriage , treaty, after the Prince's. departure, 511. -Declares himfelf totally ig norant of the fecret intention to break off the treaty, 521. ¦Buckingham, Villiers, Earl of, orders Secretary' Winwood in the King's name, to difcover Sir Walter Raleigb's voyage to the Spanifh Ambaffador, i. 3.98. Duke of, arrives, in Spain with Prince Cbarles, 401! Defires King James to fend Prince Charles a written promife, ta -fulfil all that Charles fhall engage. for in his name, 418. His letter to the King, on the delays o£ the match, 4,33. His- letter to the King on being made a Du'^e» 454. His letters to- the King concerning, the French match, 463. Remonflrates with* hirm INDEX. Iiim on his double dealing between his Par liament and the Spaniards, 466. Hints at a fecret correfpondence between James and tbe Pope,46g. His letter to Lord Carlifle, Ambaffa dor jn France, 561. His magnificent dreffes and train, when he. went to Paris to bring over the Queen Henrietta Maria, 571.' Was as great a favourite with King Charles, as he had been with his father, ii. 1. Letters from Charles to him, relating to the Queen and her French domeftics, 2. Takes the Ifle of Rhe, 13. Attempt made to affaffinate him, 15. His conduct in this expedition, 24. His own account of his operations there*, 27. Applies for fuccours, 34. 38. 45. Diftrefs and difcontent of his forces, 49. Burgh, Sir John, his mifunderftanding with the Duke of Buckingham, in the expedition to the Ifle of Rhe, ii. 24. Burghley, Lord, his letter to the Earl of Lei- cefler, the Englifti Commander in the Low Countries, i. 297. A fecond, 324. His letter to Andreas de Loo, Flemifli agent to the Duke of Parma, 334. His letter to the Earl of Leicefter, relative to negociations with Spain, for a peace with the Nether lands, 357. C. Calais, letters! concerning the lofs of that town, i. 103. Reprefentations of the ftate of, fent to the Queen from the Lords Wentworth, Grey, &c. 104. Accounts of the fiege, 109. The town taken, 114. Calvert, Secretary, his letter to Secretary Con way on the fupply of the fleet, for bringing the Prince home from Spain, i. 446. Cambridge, King James 1. entertained by the univerfity, i. 394. Carleton^ Sir Dudley, letters of, concerning Sir Walter Raleigh's plot, i. 378*. Carli/Ie, Earl of, AmbaiTador at Paris, his let ter to the Duke of Buckingham, relating to Prince Charles's marriage treaty, i. 528. His letter to Prince Charles on the fame fubjecl, 535. To Secretary Conway, 536. Copy of the fecret Efcrit agreed to by him and Lord Holland, in favour ofthe Englifh Catholics, 54.6. His farther correfpondence with Con way on the marriage treaty, and Mans felt's expedition, 549. The French demands for the Englifh Catholics enlarged, 552. His account of Lord Vaux's behaviour, on ac count of the popifh Lords being difarmed, ii. 4. Cecil, Sir William., letters from to Sir Nicholas Throkmortbn, i. 170. Cenis, Mount, the paffage over in 1555, de fcribed, i. 74. Chamberlain, Mr. John, his letter to Sir Dudley Carleton at Turin, defcribing the entertain ment of James I. at the Univerfity of Cam bridge, i. 394. Charles, Prince, letters between him, then in Spain, and his father James, i. 399. Jewels fent to him by James, 406. His interviews with the King of Spain, 408. His conver- fion wiflied for by the court of Spain, 409. 413. Conditions required for procuring the difpenfation, 414. Defires his father to fend a written promife to fulfil all he fliall engage for in his father's name, 417. Defires a per emptory recal, 432. His latin letter to the Pope, 452. Letters from him to Bucking ham after their return, 455. His letter to Buckingham on the King's negociations with the Pope, 458. Treaty for his marriage with the Princefs Henrietta of France, 463. The Earl of Briftol's account of the Spanifh treaty, 476. Progrefs of the French trea ty, 526. The ftile of his literary correfpon dence, far fuperior to that of his father, ii. 1. Complains to Buckingham of the intrigues of the Queen's French domeftics, 2. ' And of her unkind behaviour, 3. His plan for bor rowing money ofthe Lords by letters of Privy Seal, 10. Informs Buckingham that the Queen begins to mend her manners, 12. His letter to Buckingham on taking the Ifle of Rhe, 13. On an attempt made to affaffinate Buckingham, 15. Apologizes to him for the flownefs of his fupplies, 17. Gives him a private power to treat with France, 19. Anecdotes relating to his fecret treaty with the Flemings, 54. Promifes them his pro tection, 79. Points offered to his confidera tion by his refident Gerbier, 88. Riot at Edinburgh, by his inforcing the ufe of the fervice book, 96. His conference with the Scots Commiffioners at Berwick, 131. His private warrant .to the Marquis of Hamilton to INDEX. to converfe with the covenanters, 141. Mi nutes of the cabinet council on the queftion of his going to defenjj Newcaftle againft the Scots, 147. Orders all prifoners confined for refufing to pay coat and conduc\ money to be difcharged, previous to the meeting of the Parliament, 189. 191, 192. Minutes ofthe great council of Peers at York, 208. Charles V. Emperor, his reception of Sir Rich ard Moryfon, Ambaffador from Edward VI., i. 54. Clanriearde, Earl of, his letter to Secretary Windebanke, ii. 125. Was ill ufed by Lord • Strafforde, 126, ncte. Refufes Lord Straf forde's advances, 196. His conference with Strafforde before the King, 207. Cobham, Lord, proceedings on his trial for en gaging in Sir Walter Raleigh's plot, i. 380. Is pardoned at the place of execution, 391. Coke, Secretary, his letters to Gerbier the Eng liffi refident at Bruffels, relating to the pri vate Flemifh treaty, ii. 80, 81. 84. 87. Cmftable, Sir Robert, one of the northern Re bels in 1536, executed for a fecond rebellion, i. 32. note, 43. Convention, Lord Somers's notes of what paffed iri, on the day the queftion was moved in the Houfe of Commons concerning the abdica tion of King James, ii. 401. The refolu tion, 412. Conway, Secretary, his letter to the Duke of Buckingham at Madrid, concerning the Spa nifh match, i. 429. His letters to Bucking ham on the demands of the Spanifh Ambaffa dors in behalf of the Englifh Catholics; 436. • 444. His inftr'u£tions to the two Englifh Ambaffadors in France, for profecuting the marriage of Prince Charles with the Princefs Henrietta, 523. Others relating to the ex pedition for the recovery of the Palatinate, 532. 547. Concerning Lord Carlirte's re queft for permiffion to come to England, 559. Acknowledgements to him for finifhing the treaty, 562. Sends accounts of the King's fjeknefs, 5*4. Defires Lord Carlifle to hin der the coming over of a formal Ambaffador from France, 567. His letter to Lord Car lifle, relating to the Palatinate, 568. His .letter to the Duke of Buckingham, relating to Lord Vaux's violent conduct on account of , the difarming the popifh Lords, with other Vol. M. 4 matters, ii. 5. Informs the Duke of the King's fcheme to borrow money of the Lords by letters under the Privy Seal, 10. Conway, Lord, is ordered to fortify Newcaftle, 146. Advifes Sir Henry Vane the Elder, of the march of the Scots army into Eng land, 154. 159. 161. 171. Covenantors, Scots, account of their principal leaders,, ii. 117. The heads of their petition to King Charles I., 122. Their preparati ons for war, ) 24. Their army march into England, 154. 159. 161. Take Newcaftle, 164. Names of the Scots Commiffioners at the treaty of Rippon, 190. Englifh Com- miflioners,' 227. Lord Lanerick's account of the Incident, 299. Council and Committee at London on thecalling a Parliament, (1640), minutes of, ii. 168. Cremona, the city of, in 1555, defcribed, i. 84. Reception of Queen Mary's Embaffy to the Pope there, ibid. Cuffe, Henry, Secretary to the Earl of Effex, his Letter of confeffion to Secretary Cecil, after condemnation, i. 372. D. Davi/on, Mr. William, his letter to the Earl of Leicefter in the Low Countries, giving an account of his reception by Queen Eliza beth, i. 301. His notes on Leicefter's letter to him, 318. De Vic, M. bis account of the Duke of Buckingham's conduct in the expedition to the Ifle of Rhe, ii. 24. 31. 35. 41. 43. 51. 'Dennis, St. defcription of the town of, in Queen Mary of England's time, i. 65. Dubois, Abbe, Lord Stair's character of. his northern negociations, ii. 561. 570. ,His fickle difpofition, 58b. 583. His credit de clines, 590. Lord Stair's managemenr in his behalf, 594. His death, 622. His mi- nifterial character, 624. Duddeley, Mr. Thomas, his letter to the Earl of Leicefter, the Engliffi Commander in th« Low Countries, i. 298. Duke's Place, London, how it obtained its name, i. 45. » E. Ecoutn, INDEX. E. Ecouen, a houfe built by the Conftabk of France in Queen Mary of England's reign, defcribed, i. 63. Edinburgh, the Earl of Traquaire's account of the riot there, on occafion of the Scots fervice book, ii. 96. 107. m. Elizabeth, Queen, reports circulated in France of her intended marriage with Lord Robert Dudley, i. 121. Sir Nicholas Throlcmor- ton, Ambaffador in France, his letters to her, 125. 147. 155^ 159, 160. Farther particulars relating to the rumours of her in tended marriage with Dudley, ifj^. Opi nion of her council, on the admiffion of the Pope's nuncio into the kingdom, 180. Is difpleafed with Leicefter's accepting the com mand ofthe Low Countries, 297. Her re ception of Davifon, who was fent over by Lekefler with his apologies, 302. Her ne gociations for a peace for the Low Coun tries, 334. Epifcopacy, and the fervice book, curious anec dotes relating to the Scots commotions on account of, ii. 94. Ftrrara, fome account of that city, in the year 1555, with the reception of Queen Ma ry's Ambaffadors to. the. Pope; there, i. 86. Finch, Lord Keeper, informs the Queen of the conferences at Rippon being removed ta Lon don, ii. 205. Flanders, the Catholic provinces of, refolve to. erect themfelves into free States, ii. 55. Their ' fcheme difcovered to the Infanta, 56, Ap ply fecretly to Gerbier the Englifh refident at Bruffels, 57. Their propofitions, 63. State of the Spanifh forces there, 74. .State of parties there, 75. Charles I. promifes them his protection. 79. Inftrudtions from Secre tary Coke to Gerbier the Englifh refident at Bruffels, 80, 81, 84. 87. Caufe of the breaking off negotiations with England, 93. Fontainbhau, fome defcription of. that palace in the time of Mary Queen of England, i. 67. France, renounces the partition treaty, ii. 393.. Mr. Prior's negociations there, 489. The dying regulations and advice pf Lewis XIV., 544. Lord Stair's account of the Miffifippi ' fcheme, 586. Schemes and conduct of the famous Mr. Law, 589. 593. 597. 600, 609. 614. 617. Account of the marriageof Lewis. XV., 632. Interview between Lewis and his father-in-law King Staniflaus, 635. - G. Gerbier, Sir Balthazar, his character, ii. 54.. Extracts from the account given by him ta Charles I., of his negociations with the States of Flanders and Brabant, 55. The King's. reply to him, 79. Secretary Coke's inftruc- tions to him, 8o» 81.-84. 87. Peirots re commended by him to the King's confidera tion, 88. His letters to Secretary Cdke„ 90. 92. Grey, Lord, his trial for engaging in Sir Walter Raleigh's plot, i. 382. Is pardoned at the place of execution, 391. Guife, Duke of, Sir Edward Stafford's account of the death of him and of his brother the Cardinal of Lorrain, i. 266. Manner of his. death, 287.., H. Henry II. t©f France, fome account of his per fon, i. 68- Henry IIL of France, particulars of his fecret conference with Sir Edward Stafford, the Englifh, Ambaffador, i. 25L His meafures . to counteract the Catholic league, 272. His fcheme to rid himfelf of the Duke of Guife, 281. Orders him to be killed, 287. Arrefts the Cardinal of Lorrain, with others of tae- league, 291. Orders the Cardinal to be kil led, 295. Henry VlII. of England, refufes the young Queen of Scotland a licence to pals through his dominions, i. 35. His difficulty in be- ftowing the wardenfliip of the marches to ward Scotland, 40. Hallifax, Lord, his account of his negociations in Holland, relating to a treaty with France, ii.. 408. Hamilton, I N D Hamilton, Marquis of, his characters of the principal Scots nobility, at the time of the commotions about the fervice book, ii. 1 14. His account of the principal covenanters, n 7. His advice how to reduce the kingdom to obedience, 118. His warrant for converfing with the Scots Commiffioners, 141. Harley, Mr. afterward Earl of Oxford, his let ter to thef Duke of Marlborough a little time before his removal from the office of Secretary of State, ii. 483. Plan of his adminiftra tion, 485. Haverjb(im, Lord, account of his difference with Lord Somers, ii. 464. Hudfan's Bay, Mr. Prior's negociations at Paris, concerning the limits of, ii. 500. Huntingdon, Henry Earl of,, his letter to the Earl of Leicefter, relating to fome fufpicions Queen Elizabeth, had hinted of his pretenfi ons to the Crown, i. 187. HuxeUes, Marechal de, heads of a conference between him and the Earl of Stair, relating to a difmiffion of the Pretender from France, ii. 554. J- James I. his. declared motives for pardoning the Lords Grey and Cobham, accomplices in Sir Walter Raleigh's confpiracy, i. 392. His vifit to Cambridge, 394. Difcovers Sir Walter Raleigh's voyage to Gundomar the Spanifh Ambaffador, 398. His correfpon dence with Prince Charles and Buckingham, then in Spain, 399- His account of prefents and |e wels fent after«*hem, 406. His thoughts on acknowledging the Pope's fupremacy to procure the difpenfation, 411. Sends Prince Cbarles a written promife to fulfil all the Prince fliall engage for in his name, 419. Defires his immediate return, 421. De mands made by the Spanifh Ambaffador in behalf oi bis Catholic fubjects, 437. Sends an account of his conceflions in this refpect, 445. Orders th& Prince home again, 447. Is reproached by Buckingham, with a double dealing between his Parliament and the Spa niards, 466, Correfponds fecretly with the Pope, 469. His conduct refpecting the French marriage, 523. Secret engagement in favour of his Catholic fubjectsy 546I 4N X. James II. his narrative of the battle of Sedg- moor, ii. 305. Debates in the convention . on the queftion of his abdication, 401. Incident, in Scotland, Lord Lanerick's account of, it. 299. Infanta of Spain, her behaviour on the delay of her marriage with Prince Charles of England, i. 435. Her letter to King James, 450. Journal of Queen Mary's Embaffy to the Pope, i. 62. 102. Joyeufe, Duke of, his unfuccefsful negociations at the court of Rome, i. 207. K. Kathtrine of Spain, the wife of Arthur Prince of Wales, ceremonial of her reception on her firft arrival in England, i. 1. Why fhe was not to land at Gravefend, 2. Ladies ap pointed to attend on her, ibid. Lords 'ap pointed to conduct her to London, 4. Order of the barges, 5. How to land at the Tower, ibid. Who appointed to receive her there, 6. Order of her lodging in theTower, 7. How to be conducted to St. Paul's cathedral, 8. How to be conduced to Baynard's caftfe to the King and Queen, 10. Ceremonial on the marriage day, -11. Her reception, at the cathedral, 12,. Order of the marriage fer vice, 13. Directions for the wedding feaft^ 15. Proceffion to Weftminfter, 16. Order of the barges, 17. Lodgings^to be provided for the company, 18. Keen, Sir Benjamin, his character of Philip Duke of Wharton, ii. 636. L. Lanerick, Lord, his account of a plot to cutoff him and his brother, ii. 299. Law, Mr. the Miffifippi fcheme in France ruin ed by his imprudence, ii, 586. His great credit and influence in France, 589. His mighty boafls for the aggrandifement of France, 593. 597. Aceufes Lord Stair ta the Regent, who vindicates himfelf, 600. His infolent declarations refpecting England, 609. Inftances of actual madnefs in him, 614, Engages in our South lea ftock, 617. 2 -League, INDEX. League, Catholic, in France, Sir Edward Staf- ,, ford's account of the rife and formation of, 269. . Is fupported by the Spanifh court, 271. Death of the Duke of Guife, 287. Death ofthe Cardinal of Lorrain, 295. Leicefter, Earl of, Queen Elizabeth difpleafed with his accepting the fupreme command of the Low Countries, i. 297. His letter to Sir Francis Walfingham, accounting for bis conduct, 310. His letter to the Lords of the Privy Council on the fame fobject, 315. His letter of expoftulation to Davifoh, with Davifon's notes on it, 318. Another letter from him to the Lords of the Council, 321. His letter to Lord Burleigh, giving -an ac count of his negociations relative to a peace, 340. 346. To the Lords of the Council on the famefubje£r, 351. Leigh, Thomas, one of the vifitors of the mo- ~ naileries, his account ofthe diffolute ftate of country manners, i. 21. " Leigh, and Leighton, Doctors, why accufed of bribery and extortion, 1536, by the northern rebels, i. 24, note. Lewis XIV. his dying regulations, and the ad vice he gave the Princes, ii. 544. Lewis XV. account of his marriage, ii. 632. The pious difpofition of his Queen, 634. His interview with his father-in law, King Staniflaus, 635. Loriin, Mr. his letters to the Lords Carlifle and Holland, Ambaffadors in France, rela- tive to Prince Charles's marriage treaty, i. 542, 555- Lorrain, Cardinal of, Sir Edward Stafford's account of the death of him and his brother the Duke of Guife, i. 26b. Manner of his death, 295. Low Countries, affairs of, under the govern ment of the Earl of Leicefter, i. 297 — 360. Lyons, the city of, in 1555, defcribed,~i. 71. M. Mad perfons, ceremony of curing them at St. Mathurin's, i. 69. Magdalen of France, refufed a paffage through England to Scoiland, by King Henry VIII. *• 35- _ _, Manners, Englifh-, the diffolute ftate of,' at the time of the vilitation of u.c naileries, i. 21. Mansfelt, Count, negociations -relating to his. expedition for the recovery of the Palatinate,. '¦ 532- 547- Mantua, fome account of in the year 1555, with the reception of-Queen Mary's Ambaf fadors to the Pope there, i. 85. The Duke's revenue and perfon, 101. Mar, Earl of, leaves the Pretender, and nego- ciates for a pardon, ii. 564. Letters from him to the Earl of Stair, 566, 575. His ill fuc cefs, and Lord Stair's opinion on it, 598. Marches, the difficulty of Henry VIII. in be- ftowing the wardenfhip of thofe toward ' Scotland, i. 40. Marlborough, Duke of, his letter to Lord! Somers after the batte of Malplaquet, ii. 480. Mary 1. Queen of England, a journal of her embaffy to the Pope, i. 62 — 102. The Ambaffadors arrive at Rome 95. Audience with the Pope, 96. Reprefentation of the ftate of Calais, fent to her by the Lords Grey and Wentworth, 104. Mary Queen of Scots, converfation between her and Sir Nicholas Throckmorton at Paris, relative to the ratification of the En glifh treaty with Scotland, i. 136. Returns- to Scotland, 176. Her political love letters, to the Duke of Norfolk, 189. Her letter to Charles Paget, i. 218. Report of the evidence, againft her at Fotheringay, 224. Ballard's fecret practices, 225. Babing- ton's confeffion, 227. Her letter to Babing- ton, 230. Her defence, 233. Her know ledge of, and concern in the con fpi racy efta blifhed, ibid. Declarations of Nau and Curie, 234. Her correfpondence with Mendoza, 239. With Charles Pagetyibid. With Sir Francis Inglefield, 241. With Dr. Allen, 248. . With Dr. Lewis, 249. Mendoza, Bernardino de, the Spanifh Ambaf fador at Paris, engages in Mary Queen of? Scots' confpiracy againft Elizabeth, i. 226. Her correfpondence with him, 239, Meffina, the confequences of the Germans taking that town, ii. 590, Milan, Duke of, his houfe near Pavia,as in the year 1555, defcribed, i. 80. The city of Milan defcribed, 81. * Miffifippi fcheme in France, Lord Stair's ac count of the ruin of, ii. 586. J97. • Monmouth.^ I N D E X. Monmouth, Duke of, narrative of his defeat at Sedgmoor, written by King James II. 305. Another account by Mr. Wade, 315. Montague, Walter, his letter to the Earl of Carlifle, Ambaffador at Paris, concerning the treaty of Prince- Charles's marriage with the Princefs Henrietta, i. 536. Montargis, the caftle of, in France, in the time . of Mary Queen- of England, defcribed, i. 69. Morville, M. de, fucceffor to Cardinal Du Bois Minifter of France, his character, ii. 624. Moryfin, Sir Richard, Ambaffador from Ed ward- VI. his account of his reception by M. D' Arras, and his audience ofthe Empe ror Charles V. i. 51. Moulins, account of the Duke of Bourbon's gardens there, in the time of Mary Queen. of England, i. 70. N. Norfolk, Duke of, inftrudtions fent him from the "Privy Council, 1536, for levying men againft the rebels in the North, i. 23. 25. 27. How to offer pardons to them, 28. Propofal of offers to the rebels, made by him to the King, granted, 30. His expedient to gain time with the rebels, 32. note. Direc tions given him in relation to Sir Robert Conftable, 38. And others, 43. Netherlands, affairs of, under the government . ofthe Earl of Leicefter, i. 297 — 360. Newcajlle,. ordered to be fortified againft the Scots, ii. 146. h taken by Lefley^the Scots General, 164. Newfoundland, Mr. Prior's negociations con cerning, at Paris, ii. 492. 501. Lord Bo- lingbroke's remarks on, 504. O. Olivares, Conde de, his reception of Prince Charles and the Duke of Buckingham, in Spain, i. 401. Obftructs the conclufion of the marriage, 422. Diflikes the Dnke of Buckingham, 477. 479. Orleans, is feized ly, the Catholic League,. on 6 the violent death of the Duke of Guife, i. 286. Orleans, Duke of, becomes Regent of France on the death of Lewis XIV. ii. 544, The advice given to him by the Earl of Stair, 595. Is made fenfible of Mr. Law's info- lent prefumption by Lord Stair, 600. Sum mary of Lord Stair's reprefentations to him, 611. His treatment of Law, 614. His policy to preferve his power, 622. Circum ftances of his death, 625. Ormond, Duke of, the famous reftraining or ders to, dictated by Queen Anne herfelf in the Cabinet Council,. ii. 482. Oxford, Earl of. See Harley. P; Paget; Charles-, his correfpondence with Mary- Queen of Scots, i. 218. 239. Palatinate, negociations concerning, carried on during the treaty of marriage between Prince Charles and the Infanta, i. 449. 477. 485. 491. The Earl of Briftol's conduct in Ger many concerning, inquired into, with his anfwers, 494. Matters relating to, ftated in the marriage treaty with France, 529.. Negociations relative to Count Mansfelt's expedition for the recovery of it, 532, 547. Paris, fome account of that city in the time of Queen Mary of England, i. 66. Parma, Duke of, in 1555, account of his fa mily,, i. 83. Partition treaty, extracts from. King William's letters relating to, ii. 333. Is renounced by France, 393. Pavia, Queen Mary's Ambaffadors to the Pope in 1555, how received there, i. 79. The city defcribed, 80. The Duke of Milan's houfe there, ibid. Paul IV. Pope, his audience to Queen Mary's Ambaffadors, i. 96. Ceremonies at his go ing to mafs, 97. Pelicard, Secretary to the Duke of Guife, is' apprehended and difcovers his mafter's traite- rous practices, i. 292. Pefaro, the reception of Mary's embaffy, 1555, to the Pope, at that town, i. 90. Portland, Earl of, Ambaffador at Paris, his letter to King William, relating ta a con- feren ce INDEX. fereneehe had ^here with the French Mini fters concerning the Spanifh fucceffion, ii. 335' Prior, Mr. his account of his arrival at Paris, and negociations there, ii., 489. Concern ing Newfoundland^ 492. Upon the renewal and fettlement of commerce, 494. Con cerning the limits of Hud fan's Bay, 500. And the Newfoundland fifhery, 501. Privy Council, of Scotland, minutes of Lord Somers's fpeech on the bill for abolifhing, »• 473- , > R. Raleigh, Sir Walter, a detail of his plot, re lated by Sir Dudley Carleton, i. 378. Lord Cobham's trial for, 380. Lord Grey's trial, 382. Is pardoned, 392. His voyage».dif- covered by James I. to the Spanifh Ambaf fador Gundomar, 398. Rebellion in the North, 1536, inft ructions to the Duke of Norfolk, &c. for the levying of men againft, i. 23. Ground of the accu- fation [Of the rebels againft the Doctors Leigh and Leighton, 24. note. Their pro grefs, 26. note. 27. note. Pardons offered them, 28. The cafes of feveral of them ftated, 43. Rebellion in Scotland in 1715, LordStair's-hints of its being in agitation, ii. 532. Rhe, letter from King Chajles I. to the Duke of Buckingham, on his taking the ifle of, ii. 13. Reflections on the expedition to, 23. M. De Vic's account of the Duke's condu£l there, 24. The Duke's own ac count of his operations there, 27. Rippon, names of the Scots conimiffioners to manage the treaty there, 190. The con ferences removed to London, 205. Rome, the reception, of Queen fyrary's embafJy to the Pope there, i. 95. Relics {hewn there, 99. Scotland, papers rebtjng to- the troubles there, which preceded the civil war in England, ii. 94. The Marquis of Hamilton's 'characters of the principal nobility, 114. His account of the principal Covenanters, 117. His ad vice how to reduce the kingdom to obe dience, 118. Pacification of Berwick, 130. Obfervations on,the Scots proceedings, &c. 142. See Covenanters. , ' Sedgmoor, King James's account of the battle of, ii. 305. Mr. Wade's account, 315. Shrewfbury, Duke of, his letter to Lord Somers with t.be warrant to "be a baron, ii. 429. His account of a conference with King Wil liam on the appointment of certain officers of ftate, ibidt His letter to Lord Somers on his removal, and on the proceedings againft him, 440. Inftructions fent him by Lord Boling broke, relating tp the treaty at Utrecht, 510. Sidney, Sir Philip, letters from to the Earl of Leicefter, in the Netherlands, i. 330. 33-2. Somers, Lord, his manufcripts how deftroyed, ii. 399. Character of the papers here fe- • ledted, ibid. Account of his minifterial con duct, 400. His notes. of what paffed in the cbnvention on the queftion concerning the abdication of King James, 401. His re- prefentation to King William on the ap pointment of the Attorney-general, 426. The Duke of Sbrewfbury's letter to him with the warrant to be a Baron, 429. His letter to the Duke of Shrewfbury on IrMh affairs, 433. Letters relating to his removal from the chancellorfhip, 436. His corre fpondence with Lord Sunderland relating to a change of the Miniftry in favour of the Whigs, 448. Heads of his arguments to in duce the King to call a new parliament, . 453. His difference with Lord Haverfham, 464. Minutes of his fpeech in the Houfe of Lords, on the bill for abolifhjng the Privy Coujiici.1 of, Scotland, 473. Sophia, Princefs, her letter to Mr. Stepney re lating to the fucceffion to the crown of Eng land, ii. 442. Spain, King William's negociations relating. to the fucceffion to the crown of, and the partition treaty, ii. 333. Spanijh match, a feries of letters relating to, i.1 , 399- Spalete, character of the inhabitants of that town, in the middle of the fixteenth -century, »• 93- ' Stafford, I N D X. Stafford, Sir Edward, Ambaffador at Paris, his character, i. 196. His letter to Queen Eli zabeth explaining the French intrigues againft her, 197. His letter to Secretary Walfingharrt, 204. To the Queen, 208. To Lord Burleigh,~2i2. To Walfingliam, 213. To the Queen, 215. To the Queen, giving an account of a fecret conference he had with Henry III. 251. To the Lord Treafurer on the fame fubject, 264. His account of the deaths of the Duke of Guife , and Cardinal of Lorrain, 26b. Stair, Earl of, the object of his embaffy to France, ii. 521. His draught of a memorial to the Duke of Marlborough, Captain-gene ral of the army, 522. His perfonal diffi culties, 526. Extracts from his journal at Paris, 528* His converfation with M. Torcy, 530. His negociations with the Duke of Orleans, Regent, for fending the Pretender out of France, 546. Queftions relating to a memorial on that fubject, 555. Letters and extracts of letters from him to Secretary Craggs, 556. Is applied to by the Earl of Mar for a pardon, 564. His thoughts on that fubject, 572. His reflec tions on our proper conduit towards the Northern powers, 576. His conference with the Duke of Orleans, 580. His ac count of the Miffifippi fcheme, 586. His propofals relating to the Earl of Mar, 587. How he incurred the difpleafure of Mr. Law, 589. His account of Mr. Law's projects, and boafts, 593. His advice to the Duke of Orleans, 595. His account of the Earl of Mar's ill fuccefs, and opinion on.the cafe, 598. Juftifies himfelf to the Regent againft Mr. Law's accufation, 600. Vindicates his conduct to Mr. Craggs, 604. Complains ' of Lord Stanhope, 606. Continues the vin dication of his conduct refpecting Mr. Law, 610. His remarks on our South S,ea fcheme, 617. Accountof him, after his recall, 621, note. Stanhope, Lord, counteracts Lord Stair's nego ciations at Paris, ii. 606. Gives the Regent hopes that Gibraltar may be reftored, 607. His reprefentations to the Regent, 612. Staniflaus, King, his interview with his fon-in- law Lewis XV. King of France, ii. 635. Straffordy Lord, his ill ufage of Lord Clan- ricard, ii, 126. note. Makes a levy In Ym!c- fhire for payment of the troops, 177. Maki s advances to Lord Clanricard, 1 g6, [lis con ference with him before the Kingj 207. Sunderland,- Lord, his letter to King William relating to a change in the Miniftry in fstvour of the Whigs, ii. 444. Correfpondence be tween him and Lord Somers on that fubject, 447. His advice to Lord Somers after the diffolution of the parliament, 457. Superjiition, an odd inftance, of at the town of St. Andre, i. 73; Sufa, as it was in the year 1555, fome account of, i. 76. T. Throckmorton* Sir Nicholas, Ambaffador in France, letters from, i. 121. His negocia tions with the court of France for a ratifica tion of the treaty with- Scotland, 126. A curious letter from Mr. ^Jones to him, relat ing to the reports of the Queen's marriage with Lord Robert Dudley, 163. Torcy, Monf. his converfation with the Earl of Stair the Englifh Ambaffador, ii. 530. Lord Stair's advice to the Regent of France re lating to him, 595. Traquair, Earl of, Treafurer of Scotland, his account of the troubles there, from enforcing the Service-book, ii. 95, &c. His account ofthe petition ofthe Covenanters, 122. Trent, fome account ,of the city of, in the middle of the fixteenth century, i. 102. V. Vane, Sir Henry, the elder, his letters to Secre tary Windebank, on the King's expedition againft the Scots, ii. 151. 153. 155. 158. 162. 164, 165. 167. 172. 176, &c. Vaux, Lord, committed to the Fleet for his violent behaviour on the refolution of dif arming of the popifh Lords, ii. 4. Particu lars of the fray, 7. United Provinces, affairs of under the govern- met ofthe Earl of Leicefter, i. 297 — 360. Utrecht, negociations relative to the peace of, ii. 489. W. N D X. W. Wade, Mr. his account of the defeat of the Duke of Monmouth's army at Sedgmoor, ii. Walpole, Sir Robert, his love of peace, ii. 63.1. ', Horace, a character of him, ii. 631. Walfingham, Sir Francis, not honourably treated by Queen Elizabeth and Lord Burghfey, i. 334- 361. His letter to the Earl of Lei cefter, Governor of the Netherlands, 359. Letters from him to Sir Edward Stafford, Ambaffador in France, 361. Water Mills, floating, on the river Loire, i, 69. Other mills at Tarare, 71. Wentworth, Lord, his reprefentation to Queen Mary of the defencelefs ftate of Calais, i. 104. His account of the fiege, 109. Wejlmorland, Countefs of, her letter to Secre tary Windebank on the troubles in Scotland, ii. 128. Wharton, Philip Duke of, his character, by Sir Benjamin Keen, ii. 636. White, Sir Nicholas, Mafter cf the Rolls in Ireland, his character of Mary Queen of Scots, i. 189. William III. remarks on his conduct in nego- dating the partition treaty, ii. 333. Ex tracts from his letters to Penfionary Heinfius relating to that bufinefs, 334. His fenti. ments on France's renunciation of the par tition treaty, 393. His correfpondence with the Earl of Sunderland and Lord Somers, relatingtto a change ofthe miniftry in favour ofthe Whigs, 443. Windebank, Secretary, orders Lord Conway to fortify Newcaftle againft the Scots, ii. 146Y Informs the Earl of Northumberland that rthe Scots receive fupplies from Sweden, 200. Winwood, Secretary, is ordered by the Earl of Buckingham, in the King's name, to difco ver &\r Walter Raleigh's expedition to the Spanifh Ambaffador, i. 398. Y. York, minutes of the Great Council of Peers there, in 1640, ii. 208. F I N I -o ru 3 9002 00558 7150 {$